markdown:
# Flavonoid
**Flavonoid** (hoặc **bioflavonoid**) (bắt nguồn từ Latin *flavus* nghĩa là *màu vàng*, màu của flavonoid trong tự nhiên) là một loại chất chuyển hóa trung gian của thực vật. Tuy nhiên một số flavonoid có màu xanh, tím đỏ và cũng có một số khác lại không có màu. Trong thực vật cũng có một số nhóm hợp chất khác không thuộc flavonoid nhưng lại có màu vàng như [carotenoid](/wiki/Carotenoid), [anthranoid](/w/index.php?title=Anthranoid&action=edit&redlink=1), [xanthon](/w/index.php?title=Xanthon&action=edit&redlink=1) có thể gây nhầm lẫn.
Flavonoid được gọi là vitamin P (do tác dụng thẩm thấu vào thành mạch máu) từ giữa những năm 1930 đến những năm 50 đầu, nhưng thuật ngữ này đã lỗi thời và không còn được sử dụng.
[[1]](#cite_note-1)
Theo danh pháp
[IUPAC](/wiki/IUPAC), [[2]](#cite_note-iupac-2) , flavonoid có thể được chia thành: [3] *hoặc* **flavonoid**s *.* [bioflavonoids](/w/index.php?title=Bioflavonoid&action=edit&redlink=1) *, bắt nguồn từ cấu trúc của 3-phenyl* [isoflavonoids](/w/index.php?title=Isoflavonoid&action=edit&redlink=1) [chromen-4-one](/w/index.php?title=Chromone&action=edit&redlink=1)(3-phenyl-1,4- [benzopyrone](/w/index.php?title=Benzopyran&action=edit&redlink=1)) *, bắt nguồn từ cấu trúc của 4-phenyl* [neoflavonoids](/w/index.php?title=Neoflavonoids&action=edit&redlink=1) [coumarine](/w/index.php?title=Coumarine&action=edit&redlink=1)(4-phenyl-1,2- [benzopyrone](/w/index.php?title=Benzopyran&action=edit&redlink=1)).
Thuật ngữ flavonoid và
**bioflavonoid** do mô tả các hợp chất polyhydroxy polyphenol không chứa [ketone](/wiki/Ketone) không sát nghĩa nên được gọi một cách chuyên biệt hơn là flav **a**noids.
## Mục lục
[1 Chức năng của flavonoid trong thực vật](#Ch.E1.BB.A9c_n.C4.83ng_c.E1.BB.A7a_flavonoid_trong_th.E1.BB.B1c_v.E1.BA.ADt) [2 Phân nhóm](#Ph.C3.A2n_nh.C3.B3m) [3 Isoflavonoids](#Isoflavonoids) [4 Nguồn thực phẩm](#Ngu.E1.BB.93n_th.E1.BB.B1c_ph.E1.BA.A9m) [5 Dietary intake](#Dietary_intake) [6 Research](#Research) [7 Synthesis, detection, quantification, and semi-synthetic alterations](#Synthesis.2C_detection.2C_quantification.2C_and_semi-synthetic_alterations) [8 Xem thêm](#Xem_th.C3.AAm) [9 Chú thích](#Ch.C3.BA_th.C3.ADch) [10 Đọc thêm](#.C4.90.E1.BB.8Dc_th.C3.AAm) [11 Các liên kết ngoài](#C.C3.A1c_li.C3.AAn_k.E1.BA.BFt_ngo.C3.A0i)
## Chức năng của flavonoid trong thực vật[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=1) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=1)]
Flavonoid phổ biến ở nhiều loại thực vật và có nhiều chức năng.
Flavonoid là một sắc tố sinh học, sắc tố thực vật quan trọng tạo ra màu sắc của hoa, cụ thể giúp sản xuất sắc tố vàng, đỏ, xanh cho cánh hoa để thu hút nhiều động vật đến thụ phấn.
Trong thực vật bậc cao, flavonoids tham gia vào lọc tia cực tím (UV), cộng sinh cố định đạm và sắc tố hoa.
Flavonoids có thể hoạt động như một chất chuyển giao hóa học hoặc điều chỉnh sinh lý. Flavonoids cũng có thể hoạt động như các chất ức chế chu kỳ tế bào.
Flavonoids được tiết ra bởi rễ các cây chủ để giúp vi khuẩn
* trong giai đoạn lây nhiễm của mối quan hệ cộng sinh với các cây họ đậu (legumes) như Rhizobia* [đậu cô ve](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_c%C3%B4_ve), [đậu hà lan](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C3%A0_lan), [cỏ ba lá](/wiki/C%E1%BB%8F_ba_l%C3%A1)(clover), và [đậu nành](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_n%C3%A0nh). Rhizobia sống trong đất có thể cảm nhận được chất flavonoid và tiết ra các chất tiếp nhận. Các chất này lần lượt được các cây chủ nhận biết và có thể dẫn đến sự biến dạng các rễ cũng như một số phản ứng của tế bào chẳng hạn như chất khử tạp chất ion và sự hình thành nốt sần ở rễ (root nodule).
Ngoài ra, một số chất flavonoid có hoạt tính ức chế chống lại các sinh vật gây ra như bệnh ở thực vật như
*Fusarium oxysporum*. [[4]](#cite_note-4)
## Phân nhóm[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=2) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=2)]
Hơn 5000 flavonoid tự nhiên được đặc trưng bởi nhiều loại thực vật khác nhau và được phân loại theo cấu trúc hóa học, và thường được chia thành các phân nhóm sau đây (tham khảo thêm
): [5]
### Anthoxanthins[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=3) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=3)] [Anthoxanthins](/w/index.php?title=Anthoxanthin&action=edit&redlink=1) được chia ra thành hai nhóm: [[6]](#cite_note-6)
|Nhóm||Khung (skeleton)||Các ví dụ|
|Mô tả||Nhóm chức năng||Công thức cấu tạo|
|3-hydroxyl||2,3-dihydro|
|
||
|2-phenylchromen-4-one |✗||✗||
|![]()
[Luteolin](/w/index.php?title=Luteolin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Apigenin](/w/index.php?title=Apigenin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Tangeritin](/w/index.php?title=Tangeritin&action=edit&redlink=1) [Flavonol](/wiki/Flavonols)
or
[3-hydroxyflavone](/wiki/Flavonols) **3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one** ![ Flavonol skeleton colored.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flavonol_skeleton_colored.svg/173px-Flavonol_skeleton_colored.svg.png)
![ Flavonol skeleton colored.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flavonol_skeleton_colored.svg/173px-Flavonol_skeleton_colored.svg.png)
[Quercetin](/wiki/Quercetin), [Kaempferol](/w/index.php?title=Kaempferol&action=edit&redlink=1), [Myricetin](/w/index.php?title=Myricetin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Fisetin](/w/index.php?title=Fisetin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Isorhamnetin](/w/index.php?title=Isorhamnetin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Pachypodol](/w/index.php?title=Pachypodol&action=edit&redlink=1), [Rhamnazin](/w/index.php?title=Rhamnazin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Pyranoflavonols](/w/index.php?title=Pyranoflavonol&action=edit&redlink=1), [Furanoflavonols](/w/index.php?title=Furanoflavonol&action=edit&redlink=1)
### Flavanones[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=4) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=4)]
|Nhóm||Khung (skeleton)||Các ví dụ|
|Mô tả||Nhóm chức năng||Công thức cấu tạo|
|3-hydroxyl||2,3-dihydro|
|
||
|2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one |✗||✓||
|![]()
[Hesperetin](/w/index.php?title=Hesperetin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Naringenin](/w/index.php?title=Naringenin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Eriodictyol](/w/index.php?title=Eriodictyol&action=edit&redlink=1), [Homoeriodictyol](/w/index.php?title=Homoeriodictyol&action=edit&redlink=1)
### Flavanonols[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=5) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=5)]
|Nhóm||Khung (skeleton)||Các ví dụ|
|Mô tả||Nhóm chức năng||Công thức cấu tạo|
|3-hydroxyl||2,3-dihydro|
|
|
or
3-Hydroxyflavanone
or
2,3-dihydroflavonol |
|3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-2-phenylchromen-4-one |✓||✓||
|![]()
[Taxifolin](/w/index.php?title=Taxifolin&action=edit&redlink=1)(hoặc [Dihydroquercetin](/w/index.php?title=Dihydroquercetin&action=edit&redlink=1)), [Dihydrokaempferol](/w/index.php?title=Dihydrokaempferol&action=edit&redlink=1)
### Flavans[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=6) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=6)]
Gồm
[flavan-3-ols](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3-ol&action=edit&redlink=1) (flavanols), [flavan-4-ols](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-4-ol&action=edit&redlink=1) và [flavan-3,4-diols](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3,4-diol&action=edit&redlink=1).
|Khung||Tên|
|
|![]()
[Flavan-3-ol](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3-ol&action=edit&redlink=1)(flavanol) ![ Flavan-4ol](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flavan-4-ol.svg/100px-Flavan-4-ol.svg.png)
![ Flavan-4ol](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flavan-4-ol.svg/100px-Flavan-4-ol.svg.png)
[Flavan-4-ol](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-4-ol&action=edit&redlink=1) ![ Flavan-3,4-diol](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flavan-3%2C4-diol.svg/100px-Flavan-3%2C4-diol.svg.png)
![ Flavan-3,4-diol](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flavan-3%2C4-diol.svg/100px-Flavan-3%2C4-diol.svg.png)
[Flavan-3,4-diol](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3,4-diol&action=edit&redlink=1)(leucoanthocyanidin) [Flavan-3-ols](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3-ols&action=edit&redlink=1)(flavanols) [Flav](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3-ols&action=edit&redlink=1)sử dụng khung 2-phenyl- __an__- *3-ols* __3,4-dihydro__-2 *H*-chromen- *3-ol*. [Catechin](/w/index.php?title=Catechin&action=edit&redlink=1)(C), [Gallocatechin](/w/index.php?title=Gallocatechin&action=edit&redlink=1)(GC), [Catechin 3-gallate](/w/index.php?title=Catechin_3-gallate&action=edit&redlink=1)(Cg), [Gallocatechin 3-gallate](/w/index.php?title=Gallocatechin_3-gallate&action=edit&redlink=1)(GCg)), [Epicatechins](/w/index.php?title=Epicatechin&action=edit&redlink=1)( [Epicatechin](/w/index.php?title=Epicatechin&action=edit&redlink=1)(EC)), [Epigallocatechin](/w/index.php?title=Epigallocatechin&action=edit&redlink=1)(EGC), [Epicatechin 3-gallate](/w/index.php?title=Epicatechin_3-gallate&action=edit&redlink=1)(ECg), [Epigallocatechin 3-gallate](/w/index.php?title=Epigallocatechin_3-gallate&action=edit&redlink=1)(EGCg).
-
[Theaflavin](/w/index.php?title=Theaflavin&action=edit&redlink=1) [Thearubigins](/w/index.php?title=Thearubigin&action=edit&redlink=1). [Proanthocyanidins](/w/index.php?title=Proanthocyanidins&action=edit&redlink=1)là các dimer, trimer, oligomer, hoặc polymer của các flavanol.
-
### Anthocyanidins[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=7) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=7)] **Anthocyanidins** [Anthocyanidins](/w/index.php?title=Anthocyanidin&action=edit&redlink=1)là [aglycones](/w/index.php?title=Aglycone&action=edit&redlink=1)của [anthocyanins](/w/index.php?title=Anthocyanin&action=edit&redlink=1). Anthocyanidins sử dụng khung ion **(2-phenylchromenylium).** [flavylium](/w/index.php?title=Flavylium&action=edit&redlink=1) **Các ví dụ**: [Cyanidin](/w/index.php?title=Cyanidin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Delphinidin](/w/index.php?title=Delphinidin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Malvidin](/w/index.php?title=Malvidin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Pelargonidin](/w/index.php?title=Pelargonidin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Peonidin](/w/index.php?title=Peonidin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Petunidin](/w/index.php?title=Petunidin&action=edit&redlink=1)
-
## Isoflavonoids[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=8) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=8)]
-
[Isoflavones](/w/index.php?title=Isoflavone&action=edit&redlink=1)sử dụng khung 3-phenylchromen- *4-one*(không có sự thay thế nhóm hydroxyl ở carbon vị trí số 2). Ví dụ: [Genistein](/w/index.php?title=Genistein&action=edit&redlink=1), [Daidzein](/w/index.php?title=Daidzein&action=edit&redlink=1), [Glycitein](/w/index.php?title=Glycitein&action=edit&redlink=1) [Isoflavanes](/w/index.php?title=Isoflavane&action=edit&redlink=1). [Isoflavandiols](/w/index.php?title=Isoflavandiol&action=edit&redlink=1). [Isoflavenes](/w/index.php?title=Isoflavene&action=edit&redlink=1). [Coumestans](/w/index.php?title=Coumestan&action=edit&redlink=1). [Pterocarpans](/w/index.php?title=Pterocarpan&action=edit&redlink=1).
-
## Nguồn thực phẩm[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=9) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=9)]
Flavonoid (đặc biệt là các flavanoids như cathechin) là "nhóm phổ biến nhất trong các hợp chất polyphenolic có trong chế độ dinh dưỡng của con người và được tìm thấy khắp các loài thực vật".
Flavonol, như quercetin, cũng tìm thấy rộng rãi nhưng với lượng ít hơn. Sự phân bố rộng rãi của các flavonoid, cũng như đặc điểm đa dạng, độc tính tương đối thấp so với các hợp chất khác như alkaloid nên động vật, gồm cả con người có thể tiêu thụ một lượng đáng kể trong khẩu phần. Thực phẩm có hàm lượng flavonoid cao như ngò tây, hành, việt quất và các berry khác, trà đen, trà xanh và trà Ô long, chuối, các loại quả có múi, bạch quả, vang đỏ, hắc mai biển và socola đen (với hàm lượng ca cao từ 70% trở lên). [7] [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8)
Flavonols, the original bioflavonoids such as
[quercetin](/wiki/Quercetin), are also found ubiquitously, but in lesser quantities. The widespread distribution of flavonoids, their variety and their relatively low [toxicity](/w/index.php?title=Toxicity&action=edit&redlink=1) compared to other active plant [compounds](/w/index.php?title=Chemical_compound&action=edit&redlink=1) (for instance [alkaloids](/w/index.php?title=Alkaloids&action=edit&redlink=1)) mean that many animals, including [humans](/w/index.php?title=Human_nutrition&action=edit&redlink=1), ingest significant quantities in their diet. Foods with a high flavonoid content include [parsley](/w/index.php?title=Parsley&action=edit&redlink=1), [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8) [onions](/w/index.php?title=Onion&action=edit&redlink=1), [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8) [blueberries](/w/index.php?title=Blueberries&action=edit&redlink=1) and other [berries](/w/index.php?title=Berries&action=edit&redlink=1), [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8) [black tea](/w/index.php?title=Black_Tea&action=edit&redlink=1), [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8) [green tea](/w/index.php?title=Green_tea&action=edit&redlink=1) and [oolong tea](/w/index.php?title=Oolong_Tea&action=edit&redlink=1), [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8) [bananas](/w/index.php?title=Banana&action=edit&redlink=1), all [citrus](/wiki/Citrus) fruits, *, Ginkgo biloba* [red wine](/w/index.php?title=Red_wine&action=edit&redlink=1), [sea-buckthorns](/w/index.php?title=Hippophae&action=edit&redlink=1), and [dark chocolate](/w/index.php?title=Dark_Chocolate&action=edit&redlink=1)(with a [cocoa](/w/index.php?title=Cocoa_solids&action=edit&redlink=1)content of 70% or greater). Further information on dietary sources of flavonoids can be obtained from the [US Department of Agriculture](/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Agriculture&action=edit&redlink=1)flavonoid database. [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8)
### Parsley Ngò tây[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=10) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=10)]
Ngò tây, cả tươi và khô,có chứa
[flavones](/w/index.php?title=Flavones&action=edit&redlink=1). [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8)
### Blueberries[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=11) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=11)]
Việt quất có chứa
[anthocyanidins](/w/index.php?title=Anthocyanidins&action=edit&redlink=1). [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8) [[9]](#cite_note-9)
### Black tea[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=12) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=12)] [Black tea](/w/index.php?title=Black_Tea&action=edit&redlink=1) is a rich source of dietary [flavan-3-ols](/w/index.php?title=Flavan-3-ols&action=edit&redlink=1). [[8]](#cite_note-ars.usda-8)
### Citrus[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=13) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=13)]
The citrus flavonoids include
[hesperidin](/wiki/Hesperidin) (a glycoside of the flavanone [hesperetin](/w/index.php?title=Hesperetin&action=edit&redlink=1)), [quercitrin](/w/index.php?title=Quercitrin&action=edit&redlink=1), [rutin](/w/index.php?title=Rutin&action=edit&redlink=1) (two [glycosides](/w/index.php?title=Glycoside&action=edit&redlink=1) of the flavonol [quercetin](/wiki/Quercetin)), and the flavone [tangeritin](/w/index.php?title=Tangeritin&action=edit&redlink=1).
### Wine[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=14) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=14)]
### Cocoa[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=15) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=15)]
Flavonoids exist naturally in
[cocoa](/w/index.php?title=Cacao_bean&action=edit&redlink=1), but because they can be bitter, they are often removed from [chocolate](/wiki/Chocolate), even [dark chocolate](/w/index.php?title=Dark_chocolate&action=edit&redlink=1). Although flavonoids are present in milk chocolate, milk may interfere with their absorption; [10] [[11]](#cite_note-11) however this conclusion has been questioned. [[12]](#cite_note-12) [[13]](#cite_note-13)
### Peanut[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=16) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=16)] [Peanut](/w/index.php?title=Peanut&action=edit&redlink=1) (red) skin contains significant polyphenol content, including flavonoids. [[14]](#cite_note-14) [[15]](#cite_note-15)
|Food source||Flavones||Flavonols||Flavanones|
|Red onion||0||4 - 100||0|
|Parsley, fresh||24 - 634||8 - 10||0|
|Thyme, fresh||56||0||0|
|Lemon juice, fresh||0||0 - 2||2 - 175|
## Dietary intake[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=17) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=17)] ![ ](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flavonoid_intake_of_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png/220px-Flavonoid_intake_of_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png)
![ ](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flavonoid_intake_of_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png/220px-Flavonoid_intake_of_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png)
[[17]](#cite_note-Vogiatzoglou_2015-17) [Food composition data](/w/index.php?title=Food_composition_data&action=edit&redlink=1) for flavonoids were provided by the [USDA](/wiki/USDA) database on flavonoids. In the United States [8] [NHANES](/w/index.php?title=NHANES&action=edit&redlink=1)survey, mean flavonoid intake was 190 mg/d in adults, with flavan-3-ols as the main contributor. In the [[18]](#cite_note-Chun_2007-18) [European Union](/wiki/European_Union), based on data from [EFSA](/w/index.php?title=EFSA&action=edit&redlink=1), mean flavonoid intake was 140 mg/d, although there were considerable differences between individual countries. [[17]](#cite_note-Vogiatzoglou_2015-17) ![ ](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Main_types_and_sources_of_flavonoids_consumed_by_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png/220px-Main_types_and_sources_of_flavonoids_consumed_by_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png)
![ ](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Main_types_and_sources_of_flavonoids_consumed_by_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png/220px-Main_types_and_sources_of_flavonoids_consumed_by_adults_%2818_to_64_years%29_in_the_European_Union.png)
[[17]](#cite_note-Vogiatzoglou_2015-17)
The main type of flavonoids consumed in the EU and USA were flavan-3-ols, mainly from tea, while intake of other flavonoids was considerably lower.
[[17]](#cite_note-Vogiatzoglou_2015-17) [[18]](#cite_note-Chun_2007-18)
## Research[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=18) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=18)]
Though there is ongoing research into the potential health benefits of individual flavonoids, neither the
[Food and Drug Administration](/w/index.php?title=Food_and_Drug_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1) (FDA) nor the [European Food Safety Authority](/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1) (EFSA) has approved any health claim for flavonoids or approved any flavonoids as pharmaceutical drugs. [[19]](#cite_note-19) [[20]](#cite_note-20) Moreover, several companies have been cautioned by the FDA over misleading health claims. [21] [[22]](#cite_note-22) [[23]](#cite_note-23) [[24]](#cite_note-24) [[25]](#cite_note-25)
*In vitro*[ [sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=19) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=19)]
Flavonoids have been shown to have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities in
* studies. Examples include anti- in vitro* [allergic](/w/index.php?title=Allergy&action=edit&redlink=1), [[26]](#cite_note-inflammatory-26) [anti-inflammatory](/w/index.php?title=Anti-inflammatory&action=edit&redlink=1), [[26]](#cite_note-inflammatory-26) [[27]](#cite_note-pmid18991758-27) [antioxidant](/wiki/Antioxidant), [[27]](#cite_note-pmid18991758-27) [anti-microbial](/w/index.php?title=Anti-microbial&action=edit&redlink=1)( [antibacterial](/w/index.php?title=Antibacterial&action=edit&redlink=1), [[28]](#cite_note-pmid21514796-28) [[29]](#cite_note-pmid24071942-29) [antifungal](/w/index.php?title=Fungicide&action=edit&redlink=1), [[30]](#cite_note-pmid16323269-30) and [[31]](#cite_note-pmid17195249-31) [antiviral](/w/index.php?title=Antiviral_drug&action=edit&redlink=1) [[30]](#cite_note-pmid16323269-30) ), anti- [[31]](#cite_note-pmid17195249-31) [cancer](/w/index.php?title=Cancer&action=edit&redlink=1), [[27]](#cite_note-pmid18991758-27) and anti- [[32]](#cite_note-32) [diarrheal](/w/index.php?title=Diarrhea&action=edit&redlink=1)activities. Flavonoids have also been shown to inhibit [[33]](#cite_note-33) [topoisomerase](/w/index.php?title=Topoisomerase&action=edit&redlink=1)enzymes [[34]](#cite_note-34) and to induce [[35]](#cite_note-35) [DNA](/wiki/DNA) [mutations](/w/index.php?title=Mutations&action=edit&redlink=1)in the [mixed-lineage leukemia (](/w/index.php?title=MLL_(gene)&action=edit&redlink=1)in *MLL*) gene *studies.* [in vitro](/wiki/In_vitro) However, in most of the above cases no follow up [[36]](#cite_note-pmid17468513-36) *or* [in vivo](/w/index.php?title=In_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1) [clinical](/w/index.php?title=Clinical_trial&action=edit&redlink=1)research has been performed, leaving it impossible to say if these activities have any beneficial or detrimental effect on human health. Biological and pharmacological activities which have been investigated in greater depth are described below.
### Antioxidant[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=20) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=20)]
Research at the
[Linus Pauling Institute](/w/index.php?title=Linus_Pauling_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1) and the [European Food Safety Authority](/w/index.php?title=European_Food_Safety_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1) shows that flavonoids are poorly absorbed in the human body (less than 5%), with most of what is absorbed being quickly metabolized and excreted. [[21]](#cite_note-EFSA_Panel_on_Dietetic_Products.2C_Nutrition_and_Allergies_NDA2.2C_3_European_Food_Safety_Authority_EFSA.2C_Parma.2C_Italy_2010_1489-21) [[37]](#cite_note-37) These findings suggest that flavonoids have negligible systemic antioxidant activity, and that the increase in antioxidant capacity of blood seen after consumption of flavonoid-rich foods is not caused directly by flavonoids, but is due to production of [38] [uric acid](/wiki/Uric_acid)resulting from flavonoid [depolymerization](/w/index.php?title=Depolymerization&action=edit&redlink=1)and [excretion](/w/index.php?title=Excretion&action=edit&redlink=1). [[39]](#cite_note-LPI-39)
### Inflammation[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=21) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=21)] [Inflammation](/w/index.php?title=Inflammation&action=edit&redlink=1) has been implicated as a possible origin of numerous local and systemic diseases, such as [cancer](/w/index.php?title=Cancer&action=edit&redlink=1), [[40]](#cite_note-40) [cardiovascular disorders](/w/index.php?title=Cardiovascular_disorders&action=edit&redlink=1), [[41]](#cite_note-41) [diabetes mellitus](/w/index.php?title=Diabetes_mellitus&action=edit&redlink=1), and [42] [celiac disease](/w/index.php?title=Coeliac_disease&action=edit&redlink=1). [[43]](#cite_note-43)
Preliminary studies indicate that flavonoids may affect
[anti-inflammatory](/w/index.php?title=Anti-inflammatory&action=edit&redlink=1) mechanisms via their ability to inhibit [reactive oxygen](/w/index.php?title=Reactive_oxygen&action=edit&redlink=1) or [nitrogen](/w/index.php?title=Reactive_nitrogen&action=edit&redlink=1) compounds. Flavonoids have also been proposed to inhibit the pro-inflammatory activity of [44] [enzymes](/w/index.php?title=Enzymes&action=edit&redlink=1)involved in [free radical](/w/index.php?title=Free_radical&action=edit&redlink=1)production, such as [cyclooxygenase](/w/index.php?title=Cyclooxygenase&action=edit&redlink=1), [lipoxygenase](/w/index.php?title=Lipoxygenase&action=edit&redlink=1)or [inducible nitric oxide synthase](/w/index.php?title=Inducible_nitric_oxide_synthase&action=edit&redlink=1), [[44]](#cite_note-izzi-44) and to modify intracellular [[45]](#cite_note-45) [signaling pathways](/w/index.php?title=Signaling_pathways&action=edit&redlink=1)in [immune cells](/w/index.php?title=Immune_cells&action=edit&redlink=1), or in brain cells after a stroke. [[44]](#cite_note-izzi-44) [[46]](#cite_note-pmid24741667-46) [Procyanidins](/w/index.php?title=Procyanidins&action=edit&redlink=1), a class of flavonoids, have been shown in preliminary research to have anti-inflammatory mechanisms including modulation of the [arachidonic acid](/w/index.php?title=Arachidonic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1) pathway, inhibition of [gene transcription](/w/index.php?title=Gene_transcription&action=edit&redlink=1), [expression](/w/index.php?title=Gene_expression&action=edit&redlink=1) and activity of inflammatory enzymes, as well as secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators. [[47]](#cite_note-47)
### Cancer[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=22) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=22)] [Clinical](/w/index.php?title=Clinical_trial&action=edit&redlink=1) studies investigating the relationship between flavonoid consumption and cancer prevention/development are conflicting for most types of cancer, probably because most studies are [retrospective](/w/index.php?title=Retrospective&action=edit&redlink=1) in design and use a small [sample size](/w/index.php?title=Sample_size_determination&action=edit&redlink=1). Two apparent exceptions are [48] [gastric carcinoma](/w/index.php?title=Gastric_carcinoma&action=edit&redlink=1)and [smoking](/w/index.php?title=Tobacco_smoking&action=edit&redlink=1)-related cancers. Dietary flavonoid intake is [associated](/w/index.php?title=Association_(statistics)&action=edit&redlink=1)with reduced gastric carcinoma risk in women, and reduced aerodigestive tract cancer risk in smokers. [[49]](#cite_note-pmid24011243-49) [[50]](#cite_note-pmid24069431-50)
### Cardiovascular diseases[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=23) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=23)]
Among the most intensively studied of general human disorders possibly affected by dietary flavonoids, preliminary
[cardiovascular disease](/w/index.php?title=Cardiovascular_disease&action=edit&redlink=1) research has revealed the following mechanisms under investigation in patients or normal subjects: [[51]](#cite_note-51) [[52]](#cite_note-52) [[53]](#cite_note-53) [[54]](#cite_note-54) [[55]](#cite_note-pmid19572741-55)
- inhibit
[coagulation](/w/index.php?title=Coagulation&action=edit&redlink=1), [thrombus](/w/index.php?title=Thrombus&action=edit&redlink=1)formation or [platelet aggregation](/w/index.php?title=Platelet_aggregation&action=edit&redlink=1)
- reduce risk of
[atherosclerosis](/w/index.php?title=Atherosclerosis&action=edit&redlink=1)
- reduce
[arterial blood pressure](/w/index.php?title=Arterial_blood_pressure&action=edit&redlink=1)and risk of [hypertension](/w/index.php?title=Hypertension&action=edit&redlink=1)
- reduce
[oxidative stress](/w/index.php?title=Oxidative_stress&action=edit&redlink=1)and related [signaling pathways](/w/index.php?title=Signaling_pathways&action=edit&redlink=1)in [blood vessel](/w/index.php?title=Vascular&action=edit&redlink=1)cells
- modify vascular
[inflammatory](/w/index.php?title=Inflammation&action=edit&redlink=1)mechanisms
- improve
[endothelial](/w/index.php?title=Endothelial&action=edit&redlink=1)and [capillary](/w/index.php?title=Capillary&action=edit&redlink=1)function
- modify
[blood lipid](/w/index.php?title=Blood_lipid&action=edit&redlink=1)levels
- regulate
[carbohydrate](/wiki/Carbohydrate)and [glucose metabolism](/w/index.php?title=Glucose_metabolism&action=edit&redlink=1)
- modify mechanisms of
[aging](/w/index.php?title=Aging&action=edit&redlink=1)
Listed on the
[clinical trial](/w/index.php?title=Clinical_trial&action=edit&redlink=1) registry of the US [National Institutes of Health](/w/index.php?title=National_Institutes_of_Health&action=edit&redlink=1) (July 2016) are 48 human studies completed or underway to study the dietary effects of plant flavonoids on cardiovascular diseases. [[56]](#cite_note-56)
However, population-based studies have failed to show a strong beneficial effect
which might be due to the considerably lower intake in the habitual diet of those investigated. [57]
### Antibacterial[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=24) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=24)]
Flavonoids have been shown to have (a) direct
[antibacterial](/w/index.php?title=Antibacterial&action=edit&redlink=1) activity, (b) [synergistic](/w/index.php?title=Synergistic&action=edit&redlink=1) activity with [antibiotics](/w/index.php?title=Antibiotics&action=edit&redlink=1), and (c) the ability to suppress bacterial [virulence factors](/w/index.php?title=Virulence_factors&action=edit&redlink=1) in numerous * and a limited number of in vitro* *studies.* [in vivo](/w/index.php?title=In_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1) [[28]](#cite_note-pmid21514796-28) Noteworthy among the [[58]](#cite_note-pmid19844590-58) *studies* [in vivo](/w/index.php?title=In_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1) [[59]](#cite_note-pmid17391908-59) [[60]](#cite_note-pmid20512479-60) is the finding that oral [[61]](#cite_note-pmid18600388-61) [quercetin](/wiki/Quercetin)protects [guinea pigs](/w/index.php?title=Guinea_pigs&action=edit&redlink=1)against the [Group 1 carcinogen](/w/index.php?title=List_of_IARC_Group_1_carcinogens&action=edit&redlink=1) *.* [Helicobacter pylori](/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori) Researchers from the [[61]](#cite_note-pmid18600388-61) [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition](/w/index.php?title=European_Prospective_Investigation_into_Cancer_and_Nutrition&action=edit&redlink=1)have speculated this may be one reason why dietary flavonoid intake is associated with reduced [gastric carcinoma](/w/index.php?title=Gastric_carcinoma&action=edit&redlink=1)risk in European women. Additional [[62]](#cite_note-pmid23076618-62) *and* [in vivo](/w/index.php?title=In_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1) [clinical](/w/index.php?title=Clinical_trial&action=edit&redlink=1)research is needed to determine if flavonoids could be used as [pharmaceutical drugs](/w/index.php?title=Pharmaceutical_drug&action=edit&redlink=1)for the treatment of bacterial infection, or whether dietary flavonoid intake offers any protection against infection.
## Synthesis, detection, quantification, and semi-synthetic alterations[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=25) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=25)]
### Color Spectrum[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=26) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=26)]
Flavonoid synthesis in plants is induced by light color spectrums at both high and low energy radiations. Low energy radiations are accepted by
[phytochrome](/w/index.php?title=Phytochrome&action=edit&redlink=1), while high energy radiations are accepted by [carotenoids](/wiki/Carotenoid), [flavins](/w/index.php?title=Flavin_group&action=edit&redlink=1), [cryptochromes](/w/index.php?title=Cryptochrome&action=edit&redlink=1) in addition to phytochromes. The [photomorphogenic](/w/index.php?title=Photomorphogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1) process of phytochome-mediated flavonoid biosynthesis has been observed in [, Amaranthus](/w/index.php?title=Amaranth&action=edit&redlink=1) [barley](/w/index.php?title=Barley&action=edit&redlink=1), [maize](/w/index.php?title=Maize&action=edit&redlink=1), *and* [Sorghum](/wiki/Sorghum) [turnip](/w/index.php?title=Turnip&action=edit&redlink=1). Red light promotes flavonoid synthesis. [[63]](#cite_note-63)
### Availability through microorganisms[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=27) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=27)]
Several recent research articles have demonstrated the efficient production of flavonoid molecules from genetically engineered microorganisms.
[[64]](#cite_note-64) [[65]](#cite_note-trantas09-65) [[66]](#cite_note-Ververidis2-66)
### Tests for detection[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=28) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=28)]
- Shinoda test
Four pieces of magnesium fillings are added to the ethanolic extract followed by few drops of concentrated
[hydrochloric acid](/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid). A pink or red colour indicates the presence of flavonoid. Colours varying from orange to red indicated [67] [flavones](/w/index.php?title=Flavone&action=edit&redlink=1), red to crimson indicated flavonoids, crimson to magenta indicated [flavonones](/w/index.php?title=Flavonone&action=edit&redlink=1).
- Sodium hydroxide test
About 5 mg of the compound is dissolved in water, warmed and filtered. 10% aqueous
[sodium hydroxide](/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide) is added to 2 ml of this solution. This produces a yellow coloration. A change in color from yellow to colorless on addition of dilute hydrochloric acid is an indication for the presence of flavonoids. [[68]](#cite_note-68)
- p-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde test
A colorimetric assay based upon the reaction of A-rings with the chromogen
[p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde](/w/index.php?title=P-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde&action=edit&redlink=1) (DMACA) has been developed for flavanoids in beer that can be compared with the [vanillin](/w/index.php?title=Vanillin&action=edit&redlink=1) procedure. [[69]](#cite_note-69)
### Quantification[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=29) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=29)]
Lamaison and Carnet have designed a test for the determination of the total flavonoid content of a sample (AlCI
3 method). After proper mixing of the sample and the reagent, the mixture is incubated for 10 minutes at ambient temperature and the absorbance of the solution is read at 440 nm. Flavonoid content is expressed in mg/g of quercetin. [[70]](#cite_note-70)
### Semi-synthetic alterations[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=30) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=30)]
Immobilized
* lipase can be used to catalyze the Candida antarctica* [regioselective](/w/index.php?title=Regioselectivity&action=edit&redlink=1) [acylation](/w/index.php?title=Acylation&action=edit&redlink=1)of flavonoids. [[71]](#cite_note-71)
## Xem thêm[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=31) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=31)]
## Chú thích[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=32) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=32)] **Mobh, Shiro (1938).** [^](#cite_ref-1) [“Research for Vitamin P”](http://jb.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/3/487.extract). *The Journal of Biochemistry* **29**(3): 487–501. **McNaught, Alan D; Wilkinson, Andrew; IUPAC (1997).** [^](#cite_ref-iupac_2-0) [“IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology”](http://web.archive.org/web/20110629064719/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/F02424.pdf)(PDF) (ấn bản 2). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. [Bản gốc](http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/F02424.pdf)(PDF) lưu trữ ngày 29 tháng 6 năm 2011.
|chương=bị bỏ qua (
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[Bibcode](/wiki/Bibcode): [2013PLoSO...875604W](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...875604W). [PMC](/wiki/PubMed_Central) [3777962](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777962). [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [24069431](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24069431). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1371/journal.pone.0075604](//dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075604). **Higdon, J; Drake, V; Frei, B (tháng 3 năm 2009).** [^](#cite_ref-51) [“Non-Antioxidant Roles for Dietary Flavonoids: Reviewing the relevance to cancer and cardiovascular diseases”](http://www.nutraceuticalsworld.com/issues/2009-03/view_features/new-roles-for-polyphenols). *Nutraceuticals World*. Rodman Media. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2013. **van Dam RM, Naidoo N, Landberg R (2013). “Dietary flavonoids and the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases”.** [^](#cite_ref-52) *Current Opinion in Lipidology* **24**(1): 25–33. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [23254472](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23254472). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1097/MOL.0b013e32835bcdff](//dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FMOL.0b013e32835bcdff). **Tangney CC, Rasmussen HE (2013).** [^](#cite_ref-53) [“Polyphenols, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease”](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651847). *Current Atherosclerosis Reports* **15**(5): 324. [PMC](/wiki/PubMed_Central) [3651847](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651847). [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [23512608](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23512608). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1007/s11883-013-0324-x](//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11883-013-0324-x). **Siasos G, Tousoulis D, Tsigkou V, Kokkou E, Oikonomou E, Vavuranakis M, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG, Stefanadis C (2013). “Flavonoids in atherosclerosis: An overview of their mechanisms of action”.** [^](#cite_ref-54) *Current medicinal chemistry* **20**(21): 2641–2660. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [23627935](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23627935). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.2174/0929867311320210003](//dx.doi.org/10.2174%2F0929867311320210003). **Cappello, AR, Dolce V, Iacopetta D, Martello M, Fiorillo M, Curcio R, Muto L, Dhanyalayam D. (2015). “Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) Flavonoids and Their Potential Benefits in Human Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis: an Overview”.** [^](#cite_ref-pmid19572741_55-0) *Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry* **16**(8): 1–11. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [26156545](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26156545). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.2174/1389557515666150709110222](//dx.doi.org/10.2174%2F1389557515666150709110222). **Search Results.** [^](#cite_ref-56) [“Flavonoids in cardiovascular disease clinical trials”](http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=flavonoids+cardiovascular&Search=Search). *Clinicaltrials.gov*. US National Institutes of Health. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2013. **Wang X; Ouyang YY; Liu J; Zhao G (tháng 1 năm 2014). “Flavonoid intake and risk of CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies”.** [^](#cite_ref-57) *The British journal of nutrition* **111**(1): 1–11. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [23953879](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23953879). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1017/S000711451300278X](//dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS000711451300278X). **Taylor PW, Hamilton-Miller JM, Stapleton PD (2005).** [^](#cite_ref-pmid19844590_58-0) [“Antimicrobial properties of green tea catechins”](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763290/pdf/nihms-1032.html). *Food Science and Technology Bulletin* **2**(7): 71–81. [PMC](/wiki/PubMed_Central) [2763290](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763290). [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [19844590](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844590). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1616/1476-2137.14184](//dx.doi.org/10.1616%2F1476-2137.14184). **Choi O, Yahiro K, Morinaga N, Miyazaki M, Noda M (2007). “Inhibitory effects of various plant polyphenols on the toxicity of Staphylococcal alpha-toxin”.** [^](#cite_ref-pmid17391908_59-0) *Microbial Pathogenesis* **42**(5–6): 215–224. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [17391908](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17391908). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1016/j.micpath.2007.01.007](//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.micpath.2007.01.007). **Oh DR, Kim JR, Kim YR (2010). “Genistein inhibits Vibrio vulnificus adhesion and cytotoxicity to HeLa cells”.** [^](#cite_ref-pmid20512479_60-0) *Archives of Pharmacal Research* **33**(5): 787–792. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [20512479](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512479). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1007/s12272-010-0520-y](//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12272-010-0520-y).
- ^
**a** [González-Segovia R, Quintanar JL, Salinas E, Ceballos-Salazar R, Aviles-Jiménez F, Torres-López J (2008). “Effect of the flavonoid quercetin on inflammation and lipid peroxidation induced by Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa of guinea pig”.](#cite_ref-pmid18600388_61-1) **ă** *Journal of Gastroenterology* **43**(6): 441–447. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [18600388](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18600388). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1007/s00535-008-2184-7](//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00535-008-2184-7). **Zamora-Ros R, Agudo A, Luján-Barroso L, Romieu I, Ferrari P, Knaze V, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Leenders M, Travis RC, Navarro C, Sánchez-Cantalejo E, Slimani N, Scalbert A, Fedirko V, Hjartåker A, Engeset D, Skeie G, Boeing H, Förster J, Li K, Teucher B, Agnoli C, Tumino R, Mattiello A, Saieva C, Johansson I, Stenling R, Redondo ML, Wallström P, Ericson U, Khaw KT, Mulligan AA, Trichopoulou A, Dilis V, Katsoulis M, Peeters PH, Igali L, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Touillaud M, Perquier F, Fagherazzi G, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Bredsdorff L, Overvad K, Ricceri F, Riboli E, González CA (2012). “Dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and gastric adenocarcinoma risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study”.** [^](#cite_ref-pmid23076618_62-0) *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition* **96**(6): 1398–1408. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [23076618](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076618). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.3945/ajcn.112.037358](//dx.doi.org/10.3945%2Fajcn.112.037358). **Sinha, Rajiv Kumar (1 tháng 1 năm 2004).** [^](#cite_ref-63) [(bằng tiếng Anh). CRC Press. tr. 457.](https://books.google.com/books?id=03S6VbTjCmUC) *Modern Plant Physiology* [ISBN](/wiki/ISBN) [9780849317149](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780849317149). **Hwang EI, Kaneko M, Ohnishi Y, Horinouchi S (tháng 5 năm 2003).** [^](#cite_ref-64) [“Production of plant-specific flavanones by Escherichia coli containing an artificial gene cluster”](http://aem.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12732539). *Appl. Environ. Microbiol.* **69**(5): 2699–706. [PMC](/wiki/PubMed_Central) [154558](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC154558). [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [12732539](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12732539). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1128/AEM.69.5.2699-2706.2003](//dx.doi.org/10.1128%2FAEM.69.5.2699-2706.2003). **Trantas E, Panopoulos N, Ververidis F (2009). “Metabolic engineering of the complete pathway leading to heterologous biosynthesis of various flavonoids and stilbenoids in** [^](#cite_ref-trantas09_65-0) *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*”. *Metabolic Engineering* **11**(6): 355–366. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [19631278](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19631278). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1016/j.ymben.2009.07.004](//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ymben.2009.07.004). **Ververidis F, Trantas E, Douglas C, Vollmer G, Kretzschmar G, Panopoulos N (2007). “Biotechnology of flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid-derived natural products. Part II: Reconstruction of multienzyme pathways in plants and microbes”.** [^](#cite_ref-Ververidis2_66-0) *Biotechnology Journal* **2**(10): 1235–49. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [17935118](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17935118). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1002/biot.200700184](//dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fbiot.200700184). **Yisa, Jonathan (2009).** [^](#cite_ref-67) [“Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity Of Scoparia Dulcis and Nymphaea Lotus”](http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/51366872/phytochemical-analysis-antimicrobial-activity-scoparia-dulcis-nymphaea-lotus). *Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences* **3**(4): 3975–3979. **Bello IA, Ndukwe GI, Audu OT, Habila JD (2011).** [^](#cite_ref-68) [“A bioactive flavonoid from Pavetta crassipes K. Schum”](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305906). *Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters* **1**(1): 14. [PMC](/wiki/PubMed_Central) [3305906](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3305906). [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [22373191](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22373191). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1186/2191-2858-1-14](//dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F2191-2858-1-14). **A new colourimetric assay for flavonoids in pilsner beers. Jan A. Delcour and Didier Janssens de Varebeke, Journal of the Institute of Brewing, January–February 1985, Volume 91, Issue 1, pages 37–40,** [^](#cite_ref-69) **Lamaison, JL; Carnet, A (1991). “Teneurs en principaux flavonoides des fleurs de Cratageus monogyna Jacq et de Cratageus Laevigata (Poiret D.C) en Fonction de la vegetation”.** [^](#cite_ref-70) *Plantes Medicinales Phytotherapie* **25**: 12–16. **Passicos E, Santarelli X, Coulon D (2004). “Regioselective acylation of flavonoids catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase under reduced pressure”.** [^](#cite_ref-71) *Biotechnol Lett.* **26**(13): 1073–1076. [PMID](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh_PubMed) [15218382](//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218382). [doi](/wiki/DOI): [10.1023/B:BILE.0000032967.23282.15](//dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3ABILE.0000032967.23282.15).
## Đọc thêm[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=33) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=33)]
- Andersen, Ø.M. / Markham, K.R. (2006).
*Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications*. CRC Press. [ISBN 978-0-8493-2021-7](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780849320217)
- Grotewold, Erich (2007).
*The Science of Flavonoids*. Springer. [ISBN 978-0-387-74550-3](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Ngu%E1%BB%93n_s%C3%A1ch/9780387745503)
- Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids, by J.B. Harborne, 1967 (
[Google Books](http://books.google.fr/books?id=CyTf2oObc7cC))
- The systematic identification of flavonoids, by T.J. Mabry, K.R. Markham and M.B. Thomas, 1970,
## Các liên kết ngoài[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=34) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=34)] [Flavonoids (chemistry)](http://www.friedli.com/herbs/phytochem/flavonoids.html) [Micronutrient Information Center – Flavonoids](http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/phytochemicals/flavonoids/index.html#intro) [Flavonoid Composition of Fruit Tissues of Citrus Species](http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/70/1/70_178/_article)
### Các dữ liệu[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&veaction=edit§ion=35) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Flavonoid&action=edit§ion=35)] [FlavonoidViewer.jp](http://www.metabolome.jp/software/FlavonoidViewer/)(Japanese, English), a database on flavonoids by Arita Group (Univ of Tokyo, RIKEN Plant Science Center, and Keio Univ), Nishioka Group (Kyoto and Keio Univ) and Kanaya Group (NAIST) [USDA Database of Flavonoid content of food](http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Flav/flav.pdf)(
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( other ( |Các tác nhân mao dẫn ổn định
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# Giải vô địch bóng đá U19 Đông Nam Á 2009
|Giải vô địch bóng đá U19 Đông Nam Á 2009|
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|![]()
*Logo chính thức* ![ ](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
[Thái Lan](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U-19_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Th%C3%A1i_Lan)(lần thứ 1) [Thamil Arasu Ambumanee (5 bàn)](/wiki/Malaysia) ![ Malaysia](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
![ Malaysia](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
**Giải vô địch bóng đá U19 Đông Nam Á 2009** ( *AFF U19 Youth Championship 2009*) được tổ chức tại [Việt Nam](/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam) diễn ra từ ngày [4 tháng 8](/wiki/4_th%C3%A1ng_8) đến ngày [16 tháng 8](/wiki/16_th%C3%A1ng_8) năm [2009](/wiki/2009) do [Liên đoàn bóng đá Đông Nam Á](/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_%C4%91o%C3%A0n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81) tổ chức. Tất cả các trận đấu diễn ra ở [Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh](/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh), [Việt Nam](/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam). Tham dự giải lần này có đủ 11 đội thành viên và một đội thành viên không chính thức ( [U-19 Úc](/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U-19_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C3%9Ac&action=edit&redlink=1)).Tập đoàn KOVA tài trợ chính cho giải. [[1]](#cite_note-1)
## Mục lục
## Địa điểm thi đấu[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=1) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=1)] **Sân Thống Nhất**: [Sân vận động Thống Nhất](/wiki/S%C3%A2n_v%E1%BA%ADn_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_Th%E1%BB%91ng_Nh%E1%BA%A5t), [Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh](/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh), [Việt Nam](/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam) **Sân Thành Long**:Sân vận động Trung tâm Thể thao Giải Trí Thành Long, [Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh](/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_H%E1%BB%93_Ch%C3%AD_Minh), [Việt Nam](/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)
## Các đội tham dự[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=2) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=2)]
Tất cả các đội tham dự là đội tuyển trẻ, cầu thủ có độ tuổi không quá 19 (U19):
## Vòng bảng[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=3) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=3)]
12 đội chia thành 3 bảng đấu vòng tròn một lượt tính điểm. Lấy mỗi bảng một đội nhất bảng và một đội thứ hai tốt nhất trong ba đội đứng thứ hai vào vòng bán kết
[[2]](#cite_note-2)
- U19.Ma Cau cũng có kế hoạch tham dự giải
nhưng cuối cùng kế hoạch này không thành hiện thực. [[3]](#cite_note-3)
- Do dịch
[Cúm A/H1N1](/wiki/C%C3%BAm_l%E1%BB%A3n)nên các đội U19.Brunei, U19.Lào, U19.Malaysia,U19.Philippines xin rút lui . Lịch thi đấu được điều chỉnh 3 bảng thi đấu rút xuống còn 2 bảng. Các đội thi đấu vòng tròn 1 lượt, hai đội đứng đầu mỗi bảng sẽ vào thi đấu vòng bán kết. [[4]](#cite_note-4)
- Ngày
[26 tháng 7](/wiki/26_th%C3%A1ng_7)năm [2009](/wiki/2009)U19.Indonesia xin rút lui khỏi giải. Lịch thi đấu điều chỉnh một lần nữa. [[5]](#cite_note-5)
- Theo tin
[VFF](/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_%C4%91o%C3%A0n_B%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam)thì U19.Malaysia xin quay lại tham gia giải đấu.Ban tổ chức tiến hành họp và thay đổi lịch thi đấu. [[6]](#cite_note-6)
|
|Đội bóng vào vòng trong |
|Đội bóng bị loại ở vòng bảng
Tất cả giờ đều ở múi giờ GMT+7.
### Bảng A[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=4) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=4)]
|Đội tuyển||số trận||thắng||hoà||thua||bàn thắng||bàn thua||điểm|
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|![]()
[Thái Lan](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Th%C3%A1i_Lan) **7** ![ Flag of Australia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Australia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
[Úc](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C3%9Ac) **5** ![ Flag of Singapore (bordered).svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Singapore_%28bordered%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Singapore_%28bordered%29.svg.png)
![ Flag of Singapore (bordered).svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Flag_of_Singapore_%28bordered%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Singapore_%28bordered%29.svg.png)
[Singapore](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Singapore) **4** ![ Flag of Cambodia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Cambodia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png)
[Campuchia](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Campuchia) **0**
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
### Bảng B[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=5) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=5)]
|Đội tuyển||số trận||thắng||hoà||thua||bàn thắng||bàn thua||điểm|
|
|![]()
[Việt Nam](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam) **9** ![ Flag of Malaysia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Malaysia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
[Malaysia](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Malaysia) **6** ![ Flag of Myanmar.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png)
![ Flag of Myanmar.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png)
[Myanmar](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Myanmar) **3** ![ Flag of East Timor.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/20px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png)
![ Flag of East Timor.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/20px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png)
[Đông Timor](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Timor) **0**
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|[[7]](#cite_note-7)
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
## Vòng đấu loại trực tiếp[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=6) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=6)]
### Tóm tắt[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=7) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=7)]
|Bán kết||Chung kết|
|
| ![ Flag of Thailand.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
![ Flag of Thailand.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
[Thái Lan](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Th%C3%A1i_Lan) **1** ![ Flag of Malaysia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Malaysia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
[Malaysia](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Malaysia) [12 tháng 8](/wiki/12_th%C3%A1ng_8) ![ Flag of Thailand.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
![ Flag of Thailand.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/20px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png)
[Thái Lan](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Th%C3%A1i_Lan) **(** [p](/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1t_%C4%91%E1%BB%81n_(b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1)#Lu.C3.A2n_l.C6.B0u_11m)) **2 (5)** ![ Flag of Australia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Australia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
[Úc](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C3%9Ac) [10 tháng 8](/wiki/10_th%C3%A1ng_8) [12 tháng 8](/wiki/12_th%C3%A1ng_8) ![ Flag of Vietnam.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png)
![ Flag of Vietnam.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png)
[Việt Nam](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam) ![ Flag of Malaysia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Malaysia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png)
[Malaysia](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Malaysia) ![ Flag of Australia.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
![ Flag of Australia.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png)
[Úc](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_%C3%9Ac) **4** ![ Flag of Vietnam.svg](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png)
![ Flag of Vietnam.svg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png)
[Việt Nam](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99i_tuy%E1%BB%83n_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam) **3**
### Bán kết[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=8) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=8)]
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
### Tranh hạng ba[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=9) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=9)]
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v||{{{đội 2}}}|
### Chung kết[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=10) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=10)]
{{{đội 1}}} v {{{đội 2}}}
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{{{ngày}}}
|{{{đội 1}}}||v (
|[Chi tiết](http://www.aseanfootball.org/headlines_01.asp?id=978) [Loạt sút luân lưu](/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1t_%C4%91%E1%BB%81n_(b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1)) [Apisit](/w/index.php?title=Apisit_Khamwang&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
[Piyarat](/w/index.php?title=Piyarat_Lajungreed&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
[Surachet](/w/index.php?title=Surachet_Ngamtip&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
[Chakrit](/w/index.php?title=Chakrit_Ravanprakon&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
[Pittayapat](/w/index.php?title=Pittayapat_Mangkata&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
![ hỏng (thủ môn đẩy)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png)
![ hỏng (thủ môn đẩy)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png)
[Davidson](/w/index.php?title=Jason_Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1) ![ hỏng (thủ môn đẩy)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png)
![ hỏng (thủ môn đẩy)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png)
[Eli Babalj](/w/index.php?title=Eli_Babalj&action=edit&redlink=1) ![ hỏng (thủ môn đẩy)](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png)
![ hỏng (thủ môn đẩy)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/10px-X_mark.svg.png)
[McGowan](/w/index.php?title=Dylan_McGowan&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
[Groenewald](/w/index.php?title=Groenewald&action=edit&redlink=1) ![Phạt đền thành công Phạt đền thành công](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Soccerball_shad_check.svg/13px-Soccerball_shad_check.svg.png)
[Virgili](/w/index.php?title=James_Virgili&action=edit&redlink=1)
## Đội vô địch[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=11) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=11)]
|
|Vô địch cúp bóng đá U19 Đông Nam Á 2009 ![]()
## Cầu thủ ghi bàn[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=12) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=12)]
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||
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## Chú thích[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=13) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=13)] [^](#cite_ref-1) [“Tập đoàn KOVA tài trợ chính giải bóng đá vô địch U19 Đông Nam Á 2009”](http://www.vff.org.vn/default.aspx?mod=DetailNews&fNewsID=12298&fCatID=12&fSncID=&fMscID). VFF. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2010. [^](#cite_ref-2) [“Giải U19 Đông Nam Á 2009: Việt Nam cùng bảng Singapore, Malaysia và Philippines”](http://www.vff.org.vn/default.aspx?mod=DetailNews&fNewsID=11195&fCatID=40&fSncID=&fMscID=). VFF. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 7 năm 2009. [^](#cite_ref-3) [“Macau to compete in ASEAN tournament in Vietnam”](http://www.macaudailytimesnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23507&Itemid=28). Macau Daily Times. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 6 năm 2010. [^](#cite_ref-4) [“Lịch thi đấu giải vô địch U19 Đông Nam Á 2009 (điều chỉnh)”](http://www.vff.org.vn/default.aspx?mod=DetailNews&fNewsID=12262&fCatID=40&fSncID=&fMscID=). VFF. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 7 năm 2009. [^](#cite_ref-5) [“Đội tuyển U19 Indonesia xin rút khỏi giải U19 ĐNA 2009”](http://www.vff.org.vn/default.aspx?mod=DetailNews&fNewsID=12320&fCatID=40&fSncID=&fMscID=). VFF. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 7 năm 2009. [^](#cite_ref-6) [“Giải U19 Đông Nam Á 2009: U19 Malaysia trở lại tham dự Giải”](http://www.vff.org.vn/default.aspx?mod=DetailNews&fNewsID=12332&fCatID=373&fSncID=&fMscID=). VFF. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 7 năm 2009. [^](#cite_ref-7) [“Giải U19 Đông Nam Á 2009: U19 Đông Timor bị xử thua 0-3”](http://www.vff.org.vn/default.aspx?mod=DetailNews&fNewsID=12378&fCatID=373&fSncID=&fMscID=). VFF. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 8 năm 2009.
## Liên kết ngoài[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&veaction=edit§ion=14) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Gi%E1%BA%A3i_v%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bch_b%C3%B3ng_%C4%91%C3%A1_U19_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81_2009&action=edit§ion=14)]
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|U18
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markdown:
*Ilyanassa trivittata*
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|Ilyanassa trivittata
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|[Giới](/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc))( *regnum*) [Animalia](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt) [Ngành](/wiki/Ng%C3%A0nh_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc))( *phylum*) [Mollusca](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_th%C3%A2n_m%E1%BB%81m) [Lớp](/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc))( *class*) [Gastropoda](/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_Ch%C3%A2n_b%E1%BB%A5ng) [Liên họ](/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_h%E1%BB%8D)( *superfamilia*) [Buccinoidea](/wiki/Buccinoidea) [Caenogastropoda](/wiki/Caenogastropoda)
nhánh
[Hypsogastropoda](/wiki/Hypsogastropoda)
nhánh
[Neogastropoda](/wiki/Neogastropoda) [Họ](/wiki/H%E1%BB%8D_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc))( *familia*) [Nassariidae](/w/index.php?title=Nassariidae&action=edit&redlink=1) [Chi](/wiki/Chi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc))( *genus*) [Ilyanassa](/wiki/Ilyanassa) [Loài](/wiki/Lo%C3%A0i)( *species*) **I. trivittata** [Danh pháp hai phần](/wiki/Danh_ph%C3%A1p_hai_ph%E1%BA%A7n) *Ilyanassa trivittata*
(
[Say](/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Say&action=edit&redlink=1), 1822) [Danh pháp đồng nghĩa](/wiki/Danh_ph%C3%A1p_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng_ngh%C4%A9a_(ph%C3%A2n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc)) [[1]](#cite_note-WoRMS-1) *Nassarius trivittatus*(Say, 1822) * là một Ilyanassa trivittata* [loài](/wiki/Lo%C3%A0i) [ốc biển](/wiki/%E1%BB%90c_bi%E1%BB%83n), là [động vật thân mềm](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_th%C3%A2n_m%E1%BB%81m) [chân bụng](/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_ch%C3%A2n_b%E1%BB%A5ng)sống ở biển thuộc họ [Nassariidae](/w/index.php?title=Nassariidae&action=edit&redlink=1). [[1]](#cite_note-WoRMS-1)
## Mục lục
## Miêu tả[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Ilyanassa_trivittata&veaction=edit§ion=1) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Ilyanassa_trivittata&action=edit§ion=1)]
## Phân bố[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Ilyanassa_trivittata&veaction=edit§ion=2) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Ilyanassa_trivittata&action=edit§ion=2)]
## Chú thích[
[sửa](/w/index.php?title=Ilyanassa_trivittata&veaction=edit§ion=3) | [sửa mã nguồn](/w/index.php?title=Ilyanassa_trivittata&action=edit§ion=3)]
- ^
**a** **ă** [.](http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=467492) *Ilyanassa trivittata*(Say, 1822) [World Register of Marine Species](http://www.marinespecies.org), truy cập 18 tháng 4 năm 2010.

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# Thể loại:Sinh 1997
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|[1990](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1990)– [1991](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1991)– [1992](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1992)– [1993](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1993)– [1994](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1994) [1995](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1995)– [1996](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1996)– [1997]– [1998](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1998)– [1999](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1999)
Thể loại này liệt kê những
**người sinh năm 1997** . Xem thêm [những người qua đời năm 1997](/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:M%E1%BA%A5t_1997). [Về đầu trang] [A](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=A) [B](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=B) [C](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=C) [D](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=D) [E](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=E) [F](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=F) [G](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=G) [H](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=H) [I](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=I) [J](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=J) [K](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=K) [L](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=L) [M](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=M) [N](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=N) [O](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=O) [P](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=P) [Q](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=Q) [R](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=R) [S](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=S) [T](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=T) [U](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=U) [V](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=V) [W](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=W) [X](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=X) [Y](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=Y) [Z](//vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Sinh_1997&from=Z)
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## Các trang trong thể loại “Sinh 1997”
107 trang sau nằm trong thể loại này, trên tổng số 107 trang.