text: Indirect European influence may also be responsible for the creation of the short-lived Zulu empire in South Africa. Here, at the beginning of the last century, the Zulu chief Chaka, reorganizing his tribesmen in European military patterns, created a fighting force which succeeded in conquering wide regions of the southern subcontinent. Although this empire decayed quickly after the assassination of the "Black Napoleon" by his brother Dingaan, its influence upon South Africa has been considerable. Chaka's armies as well as those of rebellious generals, succeeded in influencing many other tribes and in causing whole tribes to leave their traditional confines, thus causing a far-reaching ethnic dislocation which affected not only South Africa but even territories as far north as the Upper Zambesi Valley and the regions around Lake Nyasa.