meet the demand. The shortfall was met by Africans traveling to the Cape
Colony or Natal, working there for white people for several months, and
receiving payment in cattle or sheep, which they bartered with colonial
traders for guns and ammunition. To defend themselves while traveling
through republican territory, Africans formed bands of a hundred or more.
Peter Delius has shown that Pedi from homes in the eastern highveld used
Lesotho as a staging post. In defiance of the Sand River and Bloemfontein
conventions and republican and colonial laws, the Sotho, the Pedi, the
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