terim constitution. As late as 1998, only about 30 out of 275 judges were
not white.e? Even the new Constitutional
Court, whose members Man-
dela appointed after extensive consultations, comprised seven Whites (in-
cluding the president, Arthur Chaskalson, who, like Mahomed, had been
prominent in defending people prosecuted by the apartheid regime), as
well as three Africans and one Asian. Two were women-one
black, one
white. Five cam.e from the liberal wing of the existing bench, one was a
Transkei judge, and the other five were professors or practicing lawyers.I!
The bureaucracy inherited by the new regime wasa vast, unwieldy, and
largely inefficient public service of two million people who had been ac-
customed to operating the apartheid system and who, like the judges,
were protected by the sunset clause. It was dominated by male Afrikaners,
many of whom had no sympathy for the goals of the new regime. The
Mandela government eliminated many of the obsolete departments, de-
ployed their personnel out of "useless jobs" into essential services, an-
nounced its intention to make the bureaucracy
"reflect the country's
make-up in terms of race and gender over a period of five years," and ad-
vertised eleven thousand affirmative action positions. At its conference in