in 1992-vast
numbers remained, and the influx continued. Police esti-
mated that in 1993 there were m.orethan one million illegal immigrants in
South Africa, but the number was probably more than three million. Fur-
thermore, at least eleven thousand members of the ANC'S military wing,
Umkhonto we Sizwe, had returned to South Africa by the end of 1993.
Most of the illegal immigrants and former guerrillas had no preparation
for civilian life." According to the 1996 census, 46 percent of the African
266