16. The complete speech is printed in Willem de Klerk, E W.de Klerk, 34-46.
17. Sampson, Mandela, 406-13.
18. F.W. de Klerk (hereafter cited as de Klerk), The Last Trek, 183- 85.
19. Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, 494.
20. Ottaway, Chained Together, 104-5.
21. De Klerk, The Last Trek, 181-83; Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, 504-5.
22. Ottaway, Chained Together, 105; Waldmeir, Anatomy of a Miracle, 156-
66; Meredith, Nelson Mandela, 416-18.
23. De Klerk, The Last Trek, 200-202;
Waldmeir, Anatomy of a Miracle, 81-
82, 162, 164.
24. Race Relations Survey, I996-97,
600.
25. De Klerk, The Last Trek, 202. In light of evidence given to the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission by several people, including some of de Klerk's col-
leagues, it isprobable that, as president, he knew much more than he has admitted.
See also de Klerk's equivocal evidence given to the commission as described by
Antjie Krog, Country of My Skull: Guilt, Sorrow, and the Limit of Forgiveness in
the New South Africa (New York, 1999), 135-39.
26. For the Goldstone commission reports, see Race Relations Survey, I992-
93, 27-33,
124 -26 , and Race Relations Survey I993-94,
65 2-7
2 •
27. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report (hereafter