Launching Democracy in South Africa, 301- 52; John Jackson, "The 1994 Elec-
tion: An Analysis," in The New South Africa: Prospects for Domestic and Inter-
national Security, ed. T. H. Toase and E. J. Yorke (New York, 1998), 3-16;
Guelke, South Africa in Transition, I 12- 35.
66. Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, 541.
67. Mandela and de Klerk had shared the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize.
Chapter 9: The New South Africa, 1994-2000
I.
Human Development Report, 1997 (New York, 1997), 150, based on
1994 data. "The human development index measures the average achievements in
a country in three basic dimensions of human development-longevity,
knowl-
edge and a decent standard of living" (14).
2. The People of South Africa Population Census, 1996: Primary Tables (Pre-
toria, 1999). This was a far more elaborate South African census than its prede-
cessors, especially in its collection of data' on black South Africans. It found that
the vast majority of white South Africans had full employment and lived in mod-
ern houses or apartments equipped with electricity, piped water, telephones, and
flush toilets; by contrast, 42 percent of Africans of working age were unemployed,
only 45 percent of the African population lived in modern buildings, and only 30