its version of law and order for the next decade and more by arresting
dissidents and banning their organizations, similar actions in 1976 and
1977 failed to have the same effect. Black resistance soon became more
formidable than before. After the Soweto uprising, a protest culture per-
vaded the black population of South Africa. Students and workers, chil-
dren and adults, men and women, the educated and the uneducated be-
came involved in efforts to liberate the country from apartheid. Poets,
novelists, dramatists, photographers, and painters conveyed the resistance
message to vast audiences. A new journal, Staffrider, published much of
their work. Children scrawled antiapartheid graffiti on walls. Crowds wore
the ANC colors and sang ANC songs at funerals. Indeed, with relatively few
exceptions, the government failed to drive wedges between urban "insid-
ers" and "outsiders," or between middle-class and proletarian Blacks, or
between Africans and Coloureds and Asians; nor did it deter an increasing
number of young Whites from identifying with the resistance. 19
In August 1983, a thousand delegates of all races, representing 575
organizations-trade
unions, sporting bodies, community groups, and
women's and youth organizations-founded
the United Democratic Front