Klerk, The Last Trek: A New Beginning (London, 1998); and in two excellent bi-
ographies, Martin Meredith, Nelson Mandela: A Biography (New York, 1997),
and Anthony Sampson, Mandela: The Authorized Biography (New York, 1999);
also in accounts by journalists-David
Ottaway, Chained Together: Mandela, de
Klerk, and the Struggle to Remake South Africa (New York, 1993); Marina Ott-
away, South Africa: The Struggle for a New Order (Washington, D.C., 1993); Al-
lister Sparks, Tomorrow Is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa's
Road to Change (New York, 1995); and Patti Waldmeir, Anatomy of a Miracle:
The End of Apartheid and the Birth of a New South Africa (New York, 1997). See
also work by scholars-R.
W. Johnson and Lawrence Schlemmer, "Introduction:
The-Transition to Democracy," and Mervyn Frost, "Preparing for Democracy in an
Authoritarian State," in Launching Democracy in South Africa, ed. R. W.Johnson
and Lawrence Schlemmer (New Haven, 1996), 1-34;
Robert T. Mattes,
"The
Road to Democracy," Election' 94 South Africa, ed. Andrew Reynolds (New York,
1994), 1-22; and Adrian Guelke, South Africa in Transition (New York, 1999).
2. South African Institute of Race Relations, Survey of Race Relations in
South Africa, 1987-88
(Johannesburg,