THEAPARTHEIDERA
less qualified than the teachers in white schools; African teachers were paid
less than Whites even when they did have the same qualifications; and they
had to teach African schoolchildren from textbooks and to prepare for
examinations that expressed the government's racial views. The white
schools were also superior to the Coloured and Indian schools, though to a
lesser extent."?
The government imposed segregation in higher education as well. When
the National party came to power in 1948, there were in South Africa four
English-language universities, four Afrikaans-medium universities, one bi-
lingual correspondence
university, and the small South African Native
College at Fort Hare, Though autonomous, all were largely dependent on
government subsidies. The Afrikaans-medium
universities and English-
medium Rhodes University admitted white students only. Twelve percent
of the students at the University of Cape Town and 6 percent of the students
at the University of the Witwatersrand
were black and were taught in
integrated classes; 21 percent ofthe students in the University ofNatal were
black and were taught in segregated classes.s?
In 1959, brushing aside large-scale student and faculty opposition in the