THEAPARTHEIDERA
Homelands; in 1980, 52.7 percent was there. The Homeland population
increased by 69 percent between 1970 and 1980, by which time the density
of population in the Homelands was 23.8 per square mile, compared with
9.1 for all of South Africa, including the Homelands. In spite of all those
removals, the A.frican population
of the towns continued to increase
rapidly under apartheid, and so did the Coloured and Asian urban popula-
tions. By 1980, the towns were occupied overwhelmingly by Blacks. Their
4 million white inhabitants were greatly outnumbered by 6.9 million Af-
ricans, 2 million Coloureds, and 700,000 Indians.">
Bythat time, the black urban settlements of the war years had expanded
into vast "townships" adjacent to the major white "cities"-Johannesburg,
Durban, Port Elizabeth, Pretoria, and even Cape Town where previously
few Africans had lived. Hundreds of thousands of Africans had been born
and bred in the towns, and nearly as many African women as men were
living there. Still the government persisted in treating all urban Africans as
visitors whose real homes were in the Homelands and whose real leaders
were "tribal" chiefs. Moreover, the material gap between employed Af-
ricans and employed Whites increased significantly between 1948 and