Burdened History of Southern Africa (New York, 1986), is representative of the
"blame capitalism" school; W. H. Hutt, The Economics of the Colour Bar (Lon-
don, 1964), and Michael O'Dowd, "South Africa in the Light of the Stages of
Economic Growth," in South Africa: Economic Growth and Political Change, ed.
Adrian Leftwich (London, 1974), 29-43,
represent the "Leave it to capitalism"
school.
50. David Pallister, Sarah Stewart, and Ian Lepper, South Africa, Inc.: The
Oppenheimer Empire (New Haven and London, 1987), 93.
5I.
Merle Lipton contends that the growth of the South African economy
increased the costs of the constraints and inefficienciesinherent in apartheid, push-
330