and corrupt. By 1999, six African universities had incurred huge deficits
and accumulated student debts totaling more than $40 million, and their
enrollments were declining. Although erstwhile all-white schools contin-
ued to receive the bulk of state funds for higher education, the government
'cut their subsidies quite deeply, prodded them to admit more and more
black students, and encouraged them to emphasize such practical subjects
as accounting. These universities had to lower their entrance qualifica-
tions and shrink their humanities departments-a
process enhanced by
the step-by-step removal of history as a subject in school syllabi.?" No
285