ployed; but only 6 percent of Whites were unemployed, an excellent level
in industrial societies.P At the other end of the labor market, there was a
serious dearth of skills and a consequential decline in efficiencyin both the
private and the public sectors. In 1994 and 1995, South Africa sustained a
net loss of more than 1,700 people in professional occupations, and fur-
ther losses occurred throughout
the Mandela presidency, while many
Africans were appointed to jobs for which they did not have appropriate
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