83. Hunter, Conquest, 87-92,
describes Mpondo work parties in the 1930S.
61. Hunter, Conquest,
I 12-32.
62. Igor Kopytoff, "Introduction," in African Frontier, 47, 61. Jeff Guy claims
that the married men or homestead heads formed a "dominant class" in Southern
African precapitalist societies (Analyzing Pre-Capitalist Societies in Southern Af-
rica," Journal of Southern African Studies 14:1 [October 1987]: 24). Seealso Claire
Robertson and Iris Berger, eds., Women and Class in Africa (New York and, Lon-
don, 1986).
63. Thompson, Survival, 3-4.
64. Eugene Casalis, Journal des missions euangeliques 20 (1845): 283.
65. Prosper Lemue, ibid. 29 (1854): 209.
66. Kopytoff, "Introduction,"
29.
67. Monica Wilson, "The Nguni People," in The Oxford History of South
Africa, ed. Monica Wilson and Leonard Thompson,
2 vols. (Oxford, 1969, 1971),
1:120.
68. The information in this and the following two paragraphs is derived from
my biography of Moshoeshoe, Survival, 14-16.
69. Guma, "Traditional Literature," 113, 124.
70. Robert Harms,
"The Uncaptured Peasantry" (manuscript,
1986). See
Goran Hyden, Beyond Ujamaa in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncap-
tured Peasantry (Berkeleyand Los Angeles, 1980).
71. Alberti, Xhosa, 87. On Xhosa warfare, see also ibid., 87-93,
and Henry