THEAPARTHEIDERA
As manufacturing became more diversified and sophisticated, it was in-
creasingly hampered by the small size of the domestic market for its prod-
ucts, by the shortage of skilled workers, and by the inefficiency of black
workers through their lack of education. By the late 1960s, not only the
Federated Chamber of Industries, which represented the English-speaking
manufacturers, but also the Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut, the organization
of Afrikaner busi.nesspeople,were criticizing aspects of influx control, the
industrial color bar, and the black educational system as obstacles to the
creation of a skilled black work force. Nevertheless, manufacturing was
expanding and making substantial profits throughout the period in spite of
the constraints imposed by apartheid. Industry, moreover, had relatively
little influence in government circles, compared with mining, agriculture,
and white labor, and its leaders, like other white South Africans, believed
in white supremacy. Consequently, although they pressed for economic
reforms within the apartheid framework, even the manufacturing indus-
trialists stopped short of working for changes in the political system before
1978.5 1
Lacking substantial support from the other side of the color line, black