THEAPARTHEIDERA
tianity in Apartheid Society (SPROCAS), and espoused increasingly radical
responses to official policies. The government banned Naude and the in-
stitute in 1977, but by that time apartheid was a controvetsial issue within
the Dutch Reformed churches, and in 1978 a group of Afrikaner clergy
produced a radical critique of apartheid.f-'
The English-rnedium universities, especially the Universities of Cape
Town and the \(litwatersrand,
were foci of opposition to apartheid. The
National
Union of South African Students
(NUSAS), founded in 1924,
organized a series of spectacular
demonstrations
in 1959 against the
closure of the established universities to black students and in 1966 ar-
.ranged for a visit by Sen. Robert Kennedy, who denounced apartheid in
rousing speeches. In 1973, the government banned eight NUSAS leaders on
the ground that they endangered internal security, and the following year it
prohibited
NUSAS from receiving funds from abroad. Nevertheless, NUSAS
continued to introduce fresh generations of white (predominantly English-
speaking) students to critical thinking about South African politics and
society. In the late 1970s, NUSAS organized conferences on the theme "edu-
cation for an African future."44