srand townships, relations between Mandela, de Klerk, and Buthelezi de-
generated. On September 14, 1991, concerned South African church,
business, and civic leaders tried to stem the chaos by holding a conference
at the Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg, where the three leaders and heads
of other parties signed a code of conduct, which prohibited all parties from
intimidating, threatening, or killing each other's members. But Buthelezi
misjudged the situation and ruined the conference. To demonstrate his
strength, he bussed in two thousand. armed Zulu warriors, who paraded
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