NOTESTO PAGES208-13
ing businessmen toward reform iCapitalism and Apartheid [Totowa, N.J., 1985]).
Stanley Greenbergargues
that businessmen "managed to find the silver lining" in
apartheid and reconciled themselves to its costs until "the African population has
called the prevailing hegemony into question" (Race and State in Capitalist DeveL-
opment [New Haven and London, 1980] 208). Andrew Torchia reconciles the two
positions ("The Business of Business: 'An Analysis of the Political Behavior of the
South African Manufacturing Sector under the Nationalists," Journal of Southern
African Studies 14:3 [19 88]: 421-45).
52. Leo Kuper, An African Bourgeoisie: Race, Class, and Politics in South
Africa (New Haven and 'London, 1965).
53. Tom Lodge, Black Politics in South Africa since I945 (New York, 1983);
Peter Walshe, The Rise of African Nationalism in South Africa: The African Na-
tional Congress, I9I2-I952
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1971); Thomas Karis and
Gwendolen M. Carter, general eds., From Protest to Challenge: A Documentary
History of African Politics in South Africa, I882-I964,
4 vols., vol. 4: Political
Profiles, ed. Gail :M.Gerhart and Thomas Karis (Stanford, Calif., 1977). In the rest
of this section, I draw heavily on Thompson and Prior, South African Politics, 192-
2°4·