against racism, colonialism, and apartheid, and Mandela's charisma, is
likely to work against breakaway parties" for years to come.f"
The Quality of Life of the Majority of the People
It was inevitable that no quick fix could alleviate the sufferings of the
victims of apartheid. The government did receive kudos from Africans for
symbolic changes. These began shortly before the 1994 election, when the
Transitional
Executive Council, expressing the result of negotiations
among the major parties, unveiled a new South African flag that replaced
the British and Boer symbols in favor of a colorful geometrical design. In
May 1995, the government approved a new national anthem, which be-
gan with the Nguni and Sotho versions of the popular ANC hymn "Nkosi
Sikelel' IAfrika" (God Bless Africa), continued with the opening lines of
the Afrikaans anthem "Die Stem van Suid Afrika" (The Voice of South
Africa), and ended with an English except from "The Call of South
Africa.,,'The government also began the process of renaming places; for
example, the province that included Pretoria and Johannesburg
was
named Gauteng. The government also introduced new public holidays.f-
Improving the material conditions of the victims of apartheid was an-