overseas, since he opposed sanctions and spoke out strongly for the capital-
ist system. The UDF was more heterogeneous and included people who
were for as well as against sanctions, and socialists as well as capitalists.c'
The government claimed that the UDF was a surrogate for the banned
ANC. Although that was an exaggeration, the ANC acquired great prestige
during the 1980s. The UDF respected its policies, as embodied in the Free-
dom Charter, and most UDF supporters treated the ANC as the prospective
government of South Africa and the imprisoned Nelson Mandela as their
prospective president.
South Africa's Foreign Relations,
I978~I986
The Botha government used South Africa's economic superiority to
dominate the neighboring countries and prevent them from providing
sanctuary for militant refugees. South Africa's economic leverage over the
region was formidable (map 9). The South African Customs Union inte-
.grated Lesotho, Botswana, and Swaziland into the South African economy.
The giant Anglo American Corporation of South Africa and its subsidi-
aries had substantial interests in Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Zambia, as
wellas Namibia. South African railroads and ports dominated commodity
transport throughout the region. South Africa controlled the supply of oil