THEAPARTHEIDERA
was Parliament: under another name. Foiled in that maneuver, in 1955
Parliament passed two more acts by the ordinary procedure: one adding
sufficient nominated members to the Senate to givethe government a two-
thirds majority in a joint sitting, the other increasing the number of appel-
late judges front fiveto eleven. Finally,in 1956, a new act to revalidate the
act of 1951 and deny the courts the power to inquire into its validity
received a two-thirds majority in a joint sitting (thanks to the packed
Senate), and the enlarged Appellate Division agreed that the act was valid.
The government had used a blend of legalism and cunning to remove
Coloured voters from the common roll.6
The government 3JSOtransformed the administration of the. African
population. In 1951, it abolished the only official countrywide African
institution, the Natives Representative Council. Then it grouped the re-
serves into eight (eventually ten) territories. Each such territory became a
"homeland" for a potential African "nation," administered under white
tutelage by a set of Bantu authorities, consisting mainly of hereditary
chiefs. In its Homeland, an African "nation" was to "develop along its own
lines," with all the rights that were denied it in the rest of the country. The