DIAMONDS.GOLD.AND BRITISHIMPERIALISM
had defected to the British at the start, but it was technological factors that
were decisive. The Zulu never made effectiveuse of their guns, while lum-
bering ox-wagon trains replenished the invaders' supplies of food and
ammunition. IS
The military campaign was not the end of the Zulu kingdom. Having
defeated the army, the British set Zulu against Zulu, preventing a revival of
Zulu power without cost to Britain. They abolished the monarchy, ban-
ished Cetshwayo to Cape Town, and divided Zululand into thirteen sepa-
rate territories under thirteen appointed chiefs-members
of the royal
family, descendants of pre-Shakan chiefs, and the inimitable John Dunn.
Chaos resulted. John William Colenso, an Anglican bishop, espoused the
cause of Cetshwayo, with the result that Cetshwayo was permitted to plead
his case in Britain and then to return to Zululand with limited powers. But
it was a truncated Zululand: a substantial area in the north was placed
under a distant relative of Cetshwayo named Zibhebhu and another in the
south was administered from Natal.
Civilwar followed between the conservative, royalist party led by Cetsh-
wayo and the reform-minded party of Zibhebhu. Zibhebhu initially gained