south was administered from Natal.
Civilwar followed between the conservative, royalist party led by Cetsh-
wayo and the reform-minded party of Zibhebhu. Zibhebhu initially gained
the upper hand: his men burned Ulundi for the second time, and Cetsh-
wayo fled and died under British protection. The councillors of Cetsh-
wayo's fifteen-year-old son, Dinuzulu, then made a deal with Afrikaners
who had been infiltrating the country. During 1884, the Afrikaners carved
a ministate, the New Republic, out of the northern third ofthe former Zulu
kingdom, and with their help the royalist faction defeated Zibhebhu's
forces. In 1887, the Transvaal incorporated the New Republic and Britain
annexed the rest of Zululand, divided it into districts, appointed magis-
trates, and began to collect a hut tax. Dinuzulu and his councillors tried to
prevent the magistrates from usurping the powers of the chiefs, but it was
too late. Dinuzulu was arrested, convicted of treason, and exiled to Saint
Helena, and when he was allowed to return it was only as a local headman.
Bythat time, Zululand had been incorporated in Natal, where white farm-
ers and speculators were agitating for Zulu territory. The government
appointed a land commission that marked out a number of reserves for the