ment's terms, and developed an ambiguous relationship with Pretoria. 8
Although the South African economy burgeoned in the 1950S and
1960s, the Homelands remained economic backwaters. Nearly every
Homeland consisted of several pieces of land, separated by white-owned
farms. Bophuthatswana had nineteen fragments, some hundreds of miles
apart; KwaZulu comprised twenty-nine major and forty-one minor frag-
ments. Verwoerd forbade white capitalists from investing directly in the
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