turing, commerce, and finance-all
previously exclusive preserves of En-
glish-speakers. Whereas in 1946 the average Afrikaner's income had been
47 percent that of an English-speaking white South African, in 1976 it had
risen to 71 percent and continued to rise thereafter. 2
The political successes of the National party were due in part to the
rising standard of living of white South Africans of all classes. Except for
recessions in the early 1960s and the late 1970s, the South African econo-
my was buoyant. The value of South African output at 1970 prices grew
188