THEAPARTHEIDERA
tally. By February 1977, according to a~ official commission of inquiry, at
least 575 people had been killed, including 494 Africans, 75 Coloureds, 5
Whites, and 1 Indian. Of the victims, 134 were under age eighteen. During
1977, the government also banned SASO and all its affiliated organizations
and jailed numerous black leaders. Police arrested and killed Steve Biko,
He died from brain damage caused by injuries to his skull. After inflicting
the injuries, police transported Biko naked in the back of a van for 750
miles on the night before he died.65
After those events, thousands of young black South Africans fled the
country and received military training in camps in Tanzania and Angola.
The militant wings of the ANC and the PAC planned to infiltrate trained men
and women into South Africa from the north, attack police stations, ex-
plode bombs in public places, deposit caches of arms, and, ultimately,
launch a guerrilla war.
South Africa in the World
The postwar world was quite a differentplace from the imperialist world
of the 1930S. While apartheid was taking root in South Africa, political
power was flowing in the opposite direction in the rest ofAfrica.66 In 1957,
following the decolonization of its Asian territories, Britain transferred