owned by white families and served by black domestics. Separated from
the modern town was a black location, where mud, clapboard, or corru-
gated iron buildings, with earth latrines, stood on tiny plots of land and
were served by water from infrequent taps along the unpaved paths and
roads. With various anomalies, the same principle applied in a hundred or
more country villages. There were modifications in Durban and Pieter-
maritzburg, which contained districts where Indian and white shops and
households intermingled. In Cape Town, Whites and Coloureds lived
alongside one another in several districts, and District Six, abutting on the
business center, was long-established as the,home of Coloured People.
Black Adaptation and Resistance, I9IO-I939
Before World War II, the subject peoples lacked the means to oppose the
growth of the power of the South African state. Whites had a virtual
monopoly of military weapons and training. The Defence Act of 1912
created an all-white Active Citizen Force. In World War I, black South
Africans served in campaigns in South West Africa, East Africa, and Eu-
rope, and 5,635 Blacks lost their lives. Most, notably the 21,000
African
members of the South African Native Labour Contingent in France, were