APARTHEIDIN CRISIS
Organizations affiliated with the UDF commanded the allegiance of
most political activists, including people who had formerly been inspired
by the Black Consciousness movement. Some, however, disagreed with the
UDF'S inclusive policy and adhered to the original Black Consciousness line
that Whites could not be trusted to cooperate with Africans. They were in a
distinct minority. More significant was Inkatha, a movement founded in
1928 and led by Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, head of the KwaZulu ad-
ministration, since 1975. Buthelezi claimed that Inkatha was a national
liberation movement, and initially he seemed to reach an accommodation
with the black nationalists. But it soon became clear that Inkatha was an
ethnic movement. It drew on the Zulu military tradition, derived its main
support among rural Zulu, and was divisive in the black resistance to
apartheid. In parts of Natal and KwaZulu, Inkatha gangs and Zulu sup-
porters of the UDF had violent confrontations. Buthelezi was tolerated by
the South African government and was popular in conservative circles
overseas, since he opposed sanctions and spoke out strongly for the capital-
ist system. The UDF was more heterogeneous and included people who