REM sleep, which stands for Rapid Eye Movement sleep, is a crucial stage of our sleep cycle. It typically makes up 20-25% of the total sleep period and occurs about every 90 minutes. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased brain activity, elevated heart rate, and muscle atonia, when our body is almost paralyzed to prevent physically acting out our dreams.

Central to maintaining cognitive function, REM sleep plays a vital role in memory consolidation, learning, and emotional regulation. It is during this phase that recently-acquired information and experiences get integrated with our long-term memory. It allows the brain to form new connections and reorganize neural pathways, enhancing problem-solving skills and creativity. Furthermore, REM sleep has been found to help regulate mood and emotional balance. Insufficient REM sleep can contribute to problems with learning, memory, decision-making, and emotional stability.
Take the role of a renowned neuroscientist who is an expert in sleep research. Explain the importance of REM sleep and its role in maintaining cognitive function.