what was population of India during Mauryan Era?
Prehistory to early 19th century
 The following table lists estimates for the population of India (including what are now Pakistan and Bangladesh) from prehistory up until 1820. It includes estimates and growth rates according to five economic historians, along with interpolated estimates and overall aggregate averages derived from their estimates.[citation needed]
 
 Estimates of historical world population
 
 Year Aggregate average Period Average
  % growth
 / century
 Population % of World population
 10,000 BC 1,000 0.83% Stone Age 30.28
 4000 BC 1,000,000 30.83%
 2000 BC 13,000,000 37.143% Bronze Age 26.25
 500 BC 25,000,000 41.70% Iron Age 
 400 BC 26,000,000 43.96%
 200 BC 31,000,000 47.63% Maurya era 
 1 AD 35,000,000 35.56% Classical
 era 
 200 41,000,000 36.15%
 400 47,000,000 40%
 500 50,000,000 43.58%
 600 53,000,000 48.83% Early
 medieval
 era 
 700 60,000,000 56.67%
 800 64,000,000 55%
 900 70,000,000 53.34%
 1000 79,000,000 30%
 1100 83,000,000 35% Late
 medieval
 era 
 1200 86,000,000 36.67%
 1300 91,000,000 38.34%
 1400 97,000,000 30%
 1500 105,000,000 21.67%
 1600 140,000,000 23.33% Early modern era 
 1650 170,000,000 26.15%
 1700 140,000,000 20%
 1750 183,000,000 21.53%
 1800 200,000,000 20%
 1820 210,000,000 19.09%
 The population grew from the South Asian Stone Age in 10,000 BC to the Maurya Empire in 200 BC at a steadily increasing growth rate, before population growth slowed down in the Early Medieval Era up to 700 AD, and then started decreasing the up to 1500 AD.
 
 Under Mughal Empire, India experienced a high economic and demographic upsurge, due to Mughal agrarian reforms that intensified agricultural production. 15% of the population lived in urban centres, higher than the percentage of the population in 19th-century British India and contemporary Europe up until the 19th century. Those estimates were criticised by Tim Dyson, who considers them exaggerations. According to Dyson, urbanisation of the Mughal empire was less than 9%
 
 Under the reign of Akbar (reigned 1556���1605) in 1600, the Mughal Empire's urban population was up to 17 million people, larger than the urban population in Europe. By 1700, Mughal India had an urban population of 23 million people, larger than British India's urban population of 22.3 million in 1871. Nizamuddin Ahmad (1551���1621) reported that, under Akbar's reign, Mughal India had 120 large cities and 3,200 townships. A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people and Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people. Mughal India also had a large number of villages, with 455,698 villages by the time of Aurangzeb (reigned 1658���1707).
It was around 31,000,000 during Maurya Era (200BC) .