if determined that the professional services are not considered distinct , the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and all revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer , resulting in a deferral of revenue and revenue recognized over a shorter period of time , which would have a negative near-term financial impact . description of key components of our operating results revenue we derive our revenues primarily from recurring revenue , which includes subscription and maintenance and support services . recurring revenues accounted for 81 % of our total revenue in 2018 . subscription services . subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that give customers access to one or more of our cloud applications with routine customer support . subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer . our subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and , as a result , are accounted for as service contracts . our subscription contracts are generally two to five years in length , billed annually in advance , and are generally non-cancelable . maintenance and support . maintenance and support revenue includes post-implementation customer support for our on-premise software and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements . we recognize revenue from maintenance arrangements ratably over the period in which the services are provided . our maintenance and support contracts are generally one year in length , billed annually in advance , and non-cancelable . 25 license . licenses for on-premise software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer . license revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer . for customer contracts that contain license and professional services that are not considered distinct , the license and professional services are determined to be a single performance obligation and recognized over time based upon our efforts to satisfy the performance obligation . professional services . professional services revenue primarily consists of fees for deployment and configuration services , as well as training . professional services revenues are generally recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts , or on a proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts . the majority of our professional services contracts are on a fixed fee basis . training revenues are recognized as the services are rendered . significant judgments are required in determining whether professional services that are contained in customer subscription services contracts are considered distinct , including whether the professional services are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract . professional services that are deemed to be distinct are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the services are performed . if determined that the professional services are not considered distinct , the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer . cost of revenue cost of subscription . cost of subscription includes those costs related to supporting our subscription services , principally ( a ) personnel costs , which include our employees and employee benefits , third-party contractors and noncash share-based compensation expense , ( b ) expenses related to operating our cloud infrastructure , ( c ) amortization of capitalized software for internal use , and ( d ) an allocation of depreciation , amortization of intangibles , facilities and information technology ( `` it `` ) support costs , including data center costs , and other costs incurred in providing subscription services to our customers . cost of maintenance and support . cost of maintenance and support consists largely of personnel related expenses and an allocation of depreciation , amortization of intangibles , facilities and it support costs and other costs incurred in providing maintenance and support services to our customers . cost of license . cost of license consists of third-party fees for our licensed software and an allocation of the amortization of intangibles . cost of services . cost of services includes those costs related to professional services and implementation of our solutions , principally ( a ) personnel costs , which include our employees and employee benefits , third-party contractors and noncash share-based compensation expense , ( b ) billable and non-billable travel , ( c ) amortization of capitalized software for internal use , and ( d ) an allocation of depreciation , facilities and it support costs and other costs incurred in providing professional services to our customers . cost of providing professional services may vary from quarter to quarter depending on a number of factors , including the amount of professional services required to implement and configure our solutions . operating expenses selling and marketing . selling and marketing expenses principally consist of ( a ) personnel costs , which include our employees and employee benefits , third-party contractors , sales commissions related to selling and marketing personnel and noncash share-based compensation expense , ( b ) sales and marketing programs such as lead generation programs , company awareness programs , our annual outperform conference , hosting and participation in industry trade shows , and other sales and marketing programs , ( c ) travel and other out-of-pocket expenses , ( d ) amortization expenses associated with acquired intangible assets , and ( e ) an allocation of depreciation , facilities and it support costs and other costs . general and administrative . story_separator_special_tag we issued the 2019 notes in december 2014 , the 2047 notes in june 2017 and completed our secondary offering in august 2018 to supplement our overall liquidity position . our material drivers or variants of operating cash flow are net income ( loss ) , noncash expenses ( principally share-based compensation , intangible amortization and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs ) and the timing of periodic invoicing and cash collections related to licenses , subscriptions and support for our software and related services . our operating cash flows are also impacted by the timing of payments to our vendors and the payments of our other liabilities . we generally pay our vendors and service providers in accordance with the invoice terms and conditions . we believe our existing cash and cash equivalents , including funds provided by the issuance of our notes and our secondary offering , funds available under our revolver and our current estimates of future operating cash flows , will provide adequate liquidity and capital resources to meet our operational requirements , anticipated capital expenditures and principal and coupon payments for our notes for the next twelve months . our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors , including the operations of our existing business , potential growth of our subscription services , future acquisitions we might undertake , and expansion into complementary businesses . if such need arises , we may raise additional funds through equity or debt financings . 32 the following table presents key components of our consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : replace_table_token_14_th operating activities cash provided by operating activities in 2018 was $ 5.7 million . the $ 31.0 million increase as compared to 2017 was primarily attributable to a $ 13.1 million increase in working capital and a $ 13.7 million improvement in our operating results . the working capital change was primarily attributable to higher recurring deferred revenue driven by our sales of subscription services . cash used in operating activities for 2017 was $ 25.3 million . the increase in the cash used in operating activities was primarily due to a $ 13.8 million decrease in working capital as a result of a decrease in accrued payroll and other employee benefits , and an increase in our prepaid assets for advance payments on our cloud infrastructure . cash used in operating activities for 2016 was $ 14.3 million . the increase in the cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the decrease in our operating results as a result of our transition to the cloud , as on-premise software sales were replaced with subscription services , and the net impact of working capital changes , primarily driven by reduced cash generated from accounts receivable , partially offset by an increase in cash associated with deferred revenue . investing activities cash used in investing activities for 2018 was $ 6.3 million , which was primarily related to cash outflow of $ 4.6 million related to capitalized internal-use software development costs on our subscription service solutions , capital expenditures of $ 1.5 million and $ 0.1 million for an intangible ( non-acquisition ) asset . cash used in investing activities for 2017 was $ 22.3 million , which was primarily related to our acquisition of vayant , partially offset by the cash inflow from the maturities of short-term investments . in addition , we incurred capitalized internal-use software development costs on our subscription service solutions of $ 2.8 million , capital expenditures of $ 1.3 million and we paid $ 0.1 million for an intangible ( non-acquisition ) asset . cash used in investing activities for 2016 was $ 25.4 million , which was primarily the result of the timing of purchases and maturities of short-term investments and capital expenditures of $ 7.2 million . during 2016 , we also paid $ 2.0 million for a cost method investment , paid $ 1.6 million for an intangible ( non-acquisition ) asset and incurred capitalized internal-use software development costs on our subscription service solutions of $ 1.0 million . financing activities cash provided by financing activities for 2018 was $ 135.4 million , which was attributable to the proceeds of $ 142.0 million from our secondary offering , proceeds from the exercise of employee stock plans and stock options of $ 1.7 million and $ 1.1 million , respectively , partially offset by a payment of $ 9.4 million for tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards and a $ 0.1 million payment of notes payable . cash provided by financing activities for 2017 was $ 90.7 million , which was attributable to the proceeds of $ 93.5 million from the issuance of our 2047 notes , proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock plans of $ 6.3 million and $ 1.5 million , respectively , partially offset by a payment of $ 7.4 million for tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards , a $ 3.0 million payment of debt issuance cost on our 2047 notes , a payment of $ 0.2 million in debt issuance costs on the revolver renewal and a payment of notes payable of $ 0.2 million . 33 cash used in financing activities for 2016 was $ 3.7 million , which was attributable to tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards of $ 5.5 million and a payment of notes payable of $ 0.2 million , partially offset by the proceeds from employee stock plans and the exercises of stock options of $ 2.0 million . stock repurchases in august 2008 , our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $ 15.0 million of our common stock . no shares were repurchased during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2018 ,

cash provided by operating activities was $ 5.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , as compared to cash used in operating activities of $ 25.3 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017 . the improvement in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the net impact of working capital changes and an improvement in our operating results . the change in the working capital was mainly attributable to higher recurring deferred revenue driven by our sales of subscription services . free cash flow is another key metric to assess the strength of our business . we define free cash flow , a non-gaap financial measure , as net cash provided by ( used in ) operating activities minus capital expenditures ( excluding expenditures for pros new headquarters ) , purchases of other ( non-acquisition-related ) intangible assets and capitalized internal-use software development costs . we believe free cash flow may be useful to investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating the amount of cash generated by our business operations . free cash flow used for the year ended december 31 , 2018 was $ 0.5 million , compared to $ 29.5 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017 . the improvement was primarily attributable to a $ 31.0 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities primarily due to the net impact of working capital changes and an improvement in our operating results . the following is a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most comparable gaap measure , net cash provided by ( used in ) operating activities : 23 replace_table_token_3_th financial performance summary recurring revenue , which is comprised of our subscription and maintenance revenue , accounted for 81 % of our total revenue for the year ended december 31 , 2018 . total recurring revenue was $ 160.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 as compared to $ 129.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017 , an increase of approximately $ 30.0 million , or 23 % .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash provided by operating activities was $ 5.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , as compared to cash used in operating activities of $ 25.3 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017 . the improvement in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the net impact of working capital changes and an improvement in our operating results . the change in the working capital was mainly attributable to higher recurring deferred revenue driven by our sales of subscription services . free cash flow is another key metric to assess the strength of our business . we define free cash flow , a non-gaap financial measure , as net cash provided by ( used in ) operating activities minus capital expenditures ( excluding expenditures for pros new headquarters ) , purchases of other ( non-acquisition-related ) intangible assets and capitalized internal-use software development costs . we believe free cash flow may be useful to investors and other users of our financial information in evaluating the amount of cash generated by our business operations . free cash flow used for the year ended december 31 , 2018 was $ 0.5 million , compared to $ 29.5 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017 . the improvement was primarily attributable to a $ 31.0 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities primarily due to the net impact of working capital changes and an improvement in our operating results . the following is a reconciliation of free cash flow to the most comparable gaap measure , net cash provided by ( used in ) operating activities : 23 replace_table_token_3_th financial performance summary recurring revenue , which is comprised of our subscription and maintenance revenue , accounted for 81 % of our total revenue for the year ended december 31 , 2018 . total recurring revenue was $ 160.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 as compared to $ 129.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017 , an increase of approximately $ 30.0 million , or 23 % .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : if determined that the professional services are not considered distinct , the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and all revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer , resulting in a deferral of revenue and revenue recognized over a shorter period of time , which would have a negative near-term financial impact . description of key components of our operating results revenue we derive our revenues primarily from recurring revenue , which includes subscription and maintenance and support services . recurring revenues accounted for 81 % of our total revenue in 2018 . subscription services . subscription services revenue primarily consists of fees that give customers access to one or more of our cloud applications with routine customer support . subscription services revenue is generally recognized ratably over the contractual term of the arrangement beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer . our subscription contracts do not provide customers with the right to take possession of the software supporting the applications and , as a result , are accounted for as service contracts . our subscription contracts are generally two to five years in length , billed annually in advance , and are generally non-cancelable . maintenance and support . maintenance and support revenue includes post-implementation customer support for our on-premise software and the right to unspecified software updates and enhancements . we recognize revenue from maintenance arrangements ratably over the period in which the services are provided . our maintenance and support contracts are generally one year in length , billed annually in advance , and non-cancelable . 25 license . licenses for on-premise software provide the customer with a right to use the software as it exists when made available to the customer . license revenue from distinct on-premises licenses is recognized at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer . for customer contracts that contain license and professional services that are not considered distinct , the license and professional services are determined to be a single performance obligation and recognized over time based upon our efforts to satisfy the performance obligation . professional services . professional services revenue primarily consists of fees for deployment and configuration services , as well as training . professional services revenues are generally recognized as the services are rendered for time and material contracts , or on a proportional performance basis for fixed price contracts . the majority of our professional services contracts are on a fixed fee basis . training revenues are recognized as the services are rendered . significant judgments are required in determining whether professional services that are contained in customer subscription services contracts are considered distinct , including whether the professional services are capable of being distinct and whether they are separately identifiable in the customer contract . professional services that are deemed to be distinct are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and revenue is recognized as the services are performed . if determined that the professional services are not considered distinct , the professional services and the subscription services are determined to be a single performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the contractual term of the subscription beginning on the date that subscription services are made available to the customer . cost of revenue cost of subscription . cost of subscription includes those costs related to supporting our subscription services , principally ( a ) personnel costs , which include our employees and employee benefits , third-party contractors and noncash share-based compensation expense , ( b ) expenses related to operating our cloud infrastructure , ( c ) amortization of capitalized software for internal use , and ( d ) an allocation of depreciation , amortization of intangibles , facilities and information technology ( `` it `` ) support costs , including data center costs , and other costs incurred in providing subscription services to our customers . cost of maintenance and support . cost of maintenance and support consists largely of personnel related expenses and an allocation of depreciation , amortization of intangibles , facilities and it support costs and other costs incurred in providing maintenance and support services to our customers . cost of license . cost of license consists of third-party fees for our licensed software and an allocation of the amortization of intangibles . cost of services . cost of services includes those costs related to professional services and implementation of our solutions , principally ( a ) personnel costs , which include our employees and employee benefits , third-party contractors and noncash share-based compensation expense , ( b ) billable and non-billable travel , ( c ) amortization of capitalized software for internal use , and ( d ) an allocation of depreciation , facilities and it support costs and other costs incurred in providing professional services to our customers . cost of providing professional services may vary from quarter to quarter depending on a number of factors , including the amount of professional services required to implement and configure our solutions . operating expenses selling and marketing . selling and marketing expenses principally consist of ( a ) personnel costs , which include our employees and employee benefits , third-party contractors , sales commissions related to selling and marketing personnel and noncash share-based compensation expense , ( b ) sales and marketing programs such as lead generation programs , company awareness programs , our annual outperform conference , hosting and participation in industry trade shows , and other sales and marketing programs , ( c ) travel and other out-of-pocket expenses , ( d ) amortization expenses associated with acquired intangible assets , and ( e ) an allocation of depreciation , facilities and it support costs and other costs . general and administrative . story_separator_special_tag we issued the 2019 notes in december 2014 , the 2047 notes in june 2017 and completed our secondary offering in august 2018 to supplement our overall liquidity position . our material drivers or variants of operating cash flow are net income ( loss ) , noncash expenses ( principally share-based compensation , intangible amortization and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs ) and the timing of periodic invoicing and cash collections related to licenses , subscriptions and support for our software and related services . our operating cash flows are also impacted by the timing of payments to our vendors and the payments of our other liabilities . we generally pay our vendors and service providers in accordance with the invoice terms and conditions . we believe our existing cash and cash equivalents , including funds provided by the issuance of our notes and our secondary offering , funds available under our revolver and our current estimates of future operating cash flows , will provide adequate liquidity and capital resources to meet our operational requirements , anticipated capital expenditures and principal and coupon payments for our notes for the next twelve months . our future working capital requirements will depend on many factors , including the operations of our existing business , potential growth of our subscription services , future acquisitions we might undertake , and expansion into complementary businesses . if such need arises , we may raise additional funds through equity or debt financings . 32 the following table presents key components of our consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 and 2016 : replace_table_token_14_th operating activities cash provided by operating activities in 2018 was $ 5.7 million . the $ 31.0 million increase as compared to 2017 was primarily attributable to a $ 13.1 million increase in working capital and a $ 13.7 million improvement in our operating results . the working capital change was primarily attributable to higher recurring deferred revenue driven by our sales of subscription services . cash used in operating activities for 2017 was $ 25.3 million . the increase in the cash used in operating activities was primarily due to a $ 13.8 million decrease in working capital as a result of a decrease in accrued payroll and other employee benefits , and an increase in our prepaid assets for advance payments on our cloud infrastructure . cash used in operating activities for 2016 was $ 14.3 million . the increase in the cash used in operating activities was primarily due to the decrease in our operating results as a result of our transition to the cloud , as on-premise software sales were replaced with subscription services , and the net impact of working capital changes , primarily driven by reduced cash generated from accounts receivable , partially offset by an increase in cash associated with deferred revenue . investing activities cash used in investing activities for 2018 was $ 6.3 million , which was primarily related to cash outflow of $ 4.6 million related to capitalized internal-use software development costs on our subscription service solutions , capital expenditures of $ 1.5 million and $ 0.1 million for an intangible ( non-acquisition ) asset . cash used in investing activities for 2017 was $ 22.3 million , which was primarily related to our acquisition of vayant , partially offset by the cash inflow from the maturities of short-term investments . in addition , we incurred capitalized internal-use software development costs on our subscription service solutions of $ 2.8 million , capital expenditures of $ 1.3 million and we paid $ 0.1 million for an intangible ( non-acquisition ) asset . cash used in investing activities for 2016 was $ 25.4 million , which was primarily the result of the timing of purchases and maturities of short-term investments and capital expenditures of $ 7.2 million . during 2016 , we also paid $ 2.0 million for a cost method investment , paid $ 1.6 million for an intangible ( non-acquisition ) asset and incurred capitalized internal-use software development costs on our subscription service solutions of $ 1.0 million . financing activities cash provided by financing activities for 2018 was $ 135.4 million , which was attributable to the proceeds of $ 142.0 million from our secondary offering , proceeds from the exercise of employee stock plans and stock options of $ 1.7 million and $ 1.1 million , respectively , partially offset by a payment of $ 9.4 million for tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards and a $ 0.1 million payment of notes payable . cash provided by financing activities for 2017 was $ 90.7 million , which was attributable to the proceeds of $ 93.5 million from the issuance of our 2047 notes , proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock plans of $ 6.3 million and $ 1.5 million , respectively , partially offset by a payment of $ 7.4 million for tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards , a $ 3.0 million payment of debt issuance cost on our 2047 notes , a payment of $ 0.2 million in debt issuance costs on the revolver renewal and a payment of notes payable of $ 0.2 million . 33 cash used in financing activities for 2016 was $ 3.7 million , which was attributable to tax withholdings on vesting of employee share-based awards of $ 5.5 million and a payment of notes payable of $ 0.2 million , partially offset by the proceeds from employee stock plans and the exercises of stock options of $ 2.0 million . stock repurchases in august 2008 , our board of directors authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $ 15.0 million of our common stock . no shares were repurchased during the years ended december 31 , 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . as of december 31 , 2018 ,

