37 outlook from a financial perspective , we expect operating cash flows and our ratio of debt to total capitalization to improve for fiscal 2020 compared with fiscal 2019. we expect these improvements to be weighted toward the second half of the year , as year-over-year comparisons in consolidated average freight revenue per total mile and margin performance in certain operations are expected to be negative for at least two quarters . from a balance sheet perspective , we expect to reduce total indebtedness , including operating lease right to use liabilities , net of cash , through a combination of net capital expenditures scheduled below normal replacement cycle , and improving operating cash flows . our expectations for improving performance throughout 2020 are based on assumptions of ( i ) declining truckload industry capacity ( due to , among other factors , a continuation of falling new truck production , competitors exiting the industry , and tighter federal drug testing regulations ) , ( ii ) continued u.s. economic expansion , ( iii ) the successful disposal of excess real estate and revenue equipment , and ( iv ) the reallocation of assets to more profitable operations . the timing and magnitude of these factors will impact our results . results of consolidated operations our management 's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in this document generally discusses 2019 and 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018. discussions of 2017 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2018 and 2017 that are not included in this document can be found in “ management 's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations ” in part ii , item 7 of our annual report on form 10-k for the fiscal year ended december 31 , 2018. the following table sets forth total revenue and freight revenue ( total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue ) for the periods indicated : revenue replace_table_token_7_th for 2019 , total revenue increased $ 9.1 million , or 1.0 % , to $ 894.5 million from $ 885.5 million in 2018. freight revenue increased $ 20.7 million or 2.7 % , to $ 800.4 million for 2019 , from $ 779.7 million in 2018 , while fuel surcharge revenue decreased $ 11.6 million year-over-year . the increase in freight revenue resulted from a $ 77.5 million , $ 32.5 , and $ 4.1 million increase in freight revenues from our dedicated , managed freight , and factoring segments , respectively , partially offset by a $ 93.4 million decrease in freight revenues from our highway services segment . the increase in 2019 dedicated revenue relates to a 511 ( or 40.9 % ) average tractor increase partially offset by a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 3.3 % compared to 2018. landair contributed $ 68.2 million of freight revenue to dedicated operations for the full year in 2019 , compared to $ 28.9 million in approximately six months of post-acquisition operations in 2018. the increase in average tractors was attributable to the full year of landair 's operations plus a re-allocation of tractors from highway services to dedicated . the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of fewer miles per tractor partially offset by a 1.3 % , or 2.4 cents per mile , increase in average rate per total mile , both primarily attributable to a full year of landair operations . the decrease in 2019 highway services revenue relates to a 281 ( or 17.6 % ) average tractor decrease as well as a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 6.4 % compared to 2018. the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of a 5.0 % decrease , or 10.1 cents per mile , in average rate per total mile , and an approximately 1.5 % decrease in average miles per unit when compared to 2018. team driven units decreased approximately 4.4 % to an average of 825 teams in 2019 from 863 teams in 2018. the increase in managed freight revenue is primarily the result of landair 's contribution of $ 83.3 million and $ 38.5 million of revenue in 2019 and 2018 , respectively , to combined managed freight operations . 38 the increase in factoring revenue is primarily the result of new customers as well as growth with existing customers . for comparison purposes in the discussion below , we use total revenue and freight revenue ( total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue ) when discussing changes as a percentage of revenue . as it relates to the comparison of expenses to freight revenue , we believe removing fuel surcharge revenue , which is sometimes a volatile source of revenue , affords a more consistent basis for comparing the results of operations from period-to-period . nonetheless , freight revenue is a non-gaap financial measure and is not a substitute for revenue measured in accordance with gaap . there are limitations to using non-gaap financial measures . our board and management focus on our freight revenue as an indicator of our performance from period to period . we believe our presentation of freight revenue is useful because it provides investors and securities analysts the same information that we use internally to assess our core operating performance . although we believe that freight revenue improves comparability in analyzing our period-to-period performance , it could limit comparability to other companies in our industry , if those companies define freight revenue differently . because of these limitations , freight revenue should not be considered a measure of total revenue generated by or available to our business . management compensates for these limitations by primarily relying on gaap results and using non-gaap financial measures on a supplemental basis . story_separator_special_tag income from equity method investment year ended december 31 , ( in thousands ) 2019 2018 income from equity method investment $ 7,017 $ 7,732 we have accounted for our investment in tel using the equity method of accounting and thus our financial results include our proportionate share of tel 's net income . for the year ended december 31 , 2019 , our earnings resulting from our investment in tel decreased to $ 7.0 million . the decrease in 2019 as compared to 2018 is the result of tel 's write-off of receivables and the revenue impact associated with customer bankruptcy during the fourth quarter of 2019. we expect the impact on our earnings resulting from our investment in tel to be down year-over-year for the first half of 2020 as a result of the discontinued business , but to return to prior levels during the latter half of 2020. income tax expense ( benefit ) replace_table_token_19_th income tax expense decreased approximately $ 12.0 million , or 77.7 % , for the year ended december 31 , 2019 , compared to 2018. as a percentage of total revenue , income tax expense decreased to 0.4 % of total revenue for 2019 from 1.8 % in 2018. as a percentage of freight revenue , income tax expense decreased to 0.4 % of freight revenue for 2019 compared to 2.0 % in 2018. these decreases were primarily related to the decrease in operating income of $ 43.0 million for 2019 , compared to 2018 as described above as well as a decrease in our effective tax rate . the effective tax rate is different from the expected combined tax rate due primarily to permanent differences related to our per diem pay structure for drivers . due to the partial nondeductible effect of the per diem payments , our tax rate will fluctuate in future periods as income fluctuates . we are currently estimating our 2020 effective income tax rate to be approximately 25.5 % . results of segment operations we have four reportable segments , highway services , dedicated , managed freight , and factoring . highway services represents non-dedicated , irregular route truckload services without fixed volume commitments in the expedited and over-the-road solo markets . dedicated represents truckload services under long-term contracts that generally include minimum prices and volumes . our managed freight segment has service offerings ancillary to our highway services and dedicated segments , including : freight brokerage service provided both directly and through freight brokerage agents , who are paid a commission for the freight they provide , tms , and warehousing services . in addition , our factoring segment offers accounts receivable factoring services for external carriers . our highway services and managed freight operations each consist of multiple operating segments , which are aggregated into our reportable segments due to having similar economic characteristics and meeting the aggregation criteria . 43 the operation of each of these businesses is described in our notes to item 1 of part 1 of this annual report on form 10-k. the following table summarizes revenue and operating income data by reportable segment and service offering : replace_table_token_20_th comparison of year ended december 31 , 2019 to year ended december 31 , 2018 for 2019 , total revenue increased $ 9.1 million , or 1.0 % , to $ 894.5 million from $ 885.5 million in 2018. our highway services total revenue decreased $ 112.8 million , as freight revenue decreased $ 93.4 million and fuel surcharge revenue decreased $ 19.4 million . the decrease in 2019 highway services revenue relates to a 281 ( or 17.6 % ) average tractor decrease as well as a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 6.4 % compared to 2018. the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of a 5.0 % decrease , or 10.1 cents per mile , in average rate per total mile , and an approximately 1.5 % decrease in average miles per unit when compared to 2018. team driven units decreased approximately 4.4 % to an average of 825 teams in 2019 from 863 teams in 2018 . 44 our dedicated total revenue increased $ 84.7 million , as freight revenue increased $ 77.5 million and fuel surcharge revenue increased $ 7.2 million . the increase in 2019 dedicated freight revenue relates to a 511 ( or 40.9 % ) average tractor increase partially offset by a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 3.3 % compared to 2018. landair contributed $ 83.8 million of freight revenue to dedicated operations in 2019 , compared to $ 37.6 million for approximately six months in 2018. the increase in average tractors was attributable to the full year of landair 's operations plus a re-allocation of tractors from highway services to dedicated . the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of fewer miles per tractor partially offset by a 1.3 % , or 2.4 cents per mile , increase in average rate per total mile primarily attributable to a full year of landair operations , which generate higher revenue per mile and lower miles per tractor . our highway services and dedicated operating income were $ 33.8 million and $ 11.7 million lower in 2019 than 2018. highway services operating income , which generally fluctuates with market cycles to a greater extent than dedicated , declined primarily due to a difficult operating environment that imposed negative pressure on rates and volumes . in particular , the operating results of our temperature-controlled business were significantly unprofitable . dedicated operating income declined due to accepting contract pricing in non-landair operations that was better than highway services but below our targeted profitability , offset by improved results at landair . additionally , higher insurance and claims expense and lower fuel surcharge recovery negatively impacted both of these reportable segments . managed freight total revenue increased

cash flows net cash flows provided by operating activities were $ 64.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 124.8 million in 2018 , primarily due to $ 34.0 million decrease in net income and a $ 22.8 million negative net swing in accounts receivable and accounts payable/accrued expenses due to growth in our factoring segment and timing of expense payment . net cash flows used by investing activities were $ 93.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 120.9 million in 2018. the net investment in the landair acquisition in 2018 was $ 105.9 million . excluding the landair acquisition , net investment in our fleet was $ 91.7 million in 2019 compared with $ 13.5 million in 2018. the increase in 2019 relates primarily to a change in financing method , where more equipment was purchased in 2019 versus acquired under operating or finance leases in 2018. the softer market for used equipment in 2019 also produced lower proceeds per unit , and we had a significant number of tractors held for sale at december 31 , which are expected to generate proceeds in 2020. we took delivery of approximately 775 tractors new company tractors and disposed of approximately 831 used tractors in 2019 , compared to delivery and disposal of 635 tractors and 615 tractors , respectively , in 2018. we expect net capital expenditures to decrease in 2020 compared to 2019 , primarily due to expected purchases of approximately 550 tractors and disposals of approximately 750 used tractors ( including 625 held for sale at december 31 , 2019 ) in 2020 .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash flows net cash flows provided by operating activities were $ 64.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 124.8 million in 2018 , primarily due to $ 34.0 million decrease in net income and a $ 22.8 million negative net swing in accounts receivable and accounts payable/accrued expenses due to growth in our factoring segment and timing of expense payment . net cash flows used by investing activities were $ 93.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 120.9 million in 2018. the net investment in the landair acquisition in 2018 was $ 105.9 million . excluding the landair acquisition , net investment in our fleet was $ 91.7 million in 2019 compared with $ 13.5 million in 2018. the increase in 2019 relates primarily to a change in financing method , where more equipment was purchased in 2019 versus acquired under operating or finance leases in 2018. the softer market for used equipment in 2019 also produced lower proceeds per unit , and we had a significant number of tractors held for sale at december 31 , which are expected to generate proceeds in 2020. we took delivery of approximately 775 tractors new company tractors and disposed of approximately 831 used tractors in 2019 , compared to delivery and disposal of 635 tractors and 615 tractors , respectively , in 2018. we expect net capital expenditures to decrease in 2020 compared to 2019 , primarily due to expected purchases of approximately 550 tractors and disposals of approximately 750 used tractors ( including 625 held for sale at december 31 , 2019 ) in 2020 .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : 37 outlook from a financial perspective , we expect operating cash flows and our ratio of debt to total capitalization to improve for fiscal 2020 compared with fiscal 2019. we expect these improvements to be weighted toward the second half of the year , as year-over-year comparisons in consolidated average freight revenue per total mile and margin performance in certain operations are expected to be negative for at least two quarters . from a balance sheet perspective , we expect to reduce total indebtedness , including operating lease right to use liabilities , net of cash , through a combination of net capital expenditures scheduled below normal replacement cycle , and improving operating cash flows . our expectations for improving performance throughout 2020 are based on assumptions of ( i ) declining truckload industry capacity ( due to , among other factors , a continuation of falling new truck production , competitors exiting the industry , and tighter federal drug testing regulations ) , ( ii ) continued u.s. economic expansion , ( iii ) the successful disposal of excess real estate and revenue equipment , and ( iv ) the reallocation of assets to more profitable operations . the timing and magnitude of these factors will impact our results . results of consolidated operations our management 's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in this document generally discusses 2019 and 2018 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2019 and 2018. discussions of 2017 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2018 and 2017 that are not included in this document can be found in “ management 's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations ” in part ii , item 7 of our annual report on form 10-k for the fiscal year ended december 31 , 2018. the following table sets forth total revenue and freight revenue ( total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue ) for the periods indicated : revenue replace_table_token_7_th for 2019 , total revenue increased $ 9.1 million , or 1.0 % , to $ 894.5 million from $ 885.5 million in 2018. freight revenue increased $ 20.7 million or 2.7 % , to $ 800.4 million for 2019 , from $ 779.7 million in 2018 , while fuel surcharge revenue decreased $ 11.6 million year-over-year . the increase in freight revenue resulted from a $ 77.5 million , $ 32.5 , and $ 4.1 million increase in freight revenues from our dedicated , managed freight , and factoring segments , respectively , partially offset by a $ 93.4 million decrease in freight revenues from our highway services segment . the increase in 2019 dedicated revenue relates to a 511 ( or 40.9 % ) average tractor increase partially offset by a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 3.3 % compared to 2018. landair contributed $ 68.2 million of freight revenue to dedicated operations for the full year in 2019 , compared to $ 28.9 million in approximately six months of post-acquisition operations in 2018. the increase in average tractors was attributable to the full year of landair 's operations plus a re-allocation of tractors from highway services to dedicated . the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of fewer miles per tractor partially offset by a 1.3 % , or 2.4 cents per mile , increase in average rate per total mile , both primarily attributable to a full year of landair operations . the decrease in 2019 highway services revenue relates to a 281 ( or 17.6 % ) average tractor decrease as well as a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 6.4 % compared to 2018. the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of a 5.0 % decrease , or 10.1 cents per mile , in average rate per total mile , and an approximately 1.5 % decrease in average miles per unit when compared to 2018. team driven units decreased approximately 4.4 % to an average of 825 teams in 2019 from 863 teams in 2018. the increase in managed freight revenue is primarily the result of landair 's contribution of $ 83.3 million and $ 38.5 million of revenue in 2019 and 2018 , respectively , to combined managed freight operations . 38 the increase in factoring revenue is primarily the result of new customers as well as growth with existing customers . for comparison purposes in the discussion below , we use total revenue and freight revenue ( total revenue less fuel surcharge revenue ) when discussing changes as a percentage of revenue . as it relates to the comparison of expenses to freight revenue , we believe removing fuel surcharge revenue , which is sometimes a volatile source of revenue , affords a more consistent basis for comparing the results of operations from period-to-period . nonetheless , freight revenue is a non-gaap financial measure and is not a substitute for revenue measured in accordance with gaap . there are limitations to using non-gaap financial measures . our board and management focus on our freight revenue as an indicator of our performance from period to period . we believe our presentation of freight revenue is useful because it provides investors and securities analysts the same information that we use internally to assess our core operating performance . although we believe that freight revenue improves comparability in analyzing our period-to-period performance , it could limit comparability to other companies in our industry , if those companies define freight revenue differently . because of these limitations , freight revenue should not be considered a measure of total revenue generated by or available to our business . management compensates for these limitations by primarily relying on gaap results and using non-gaap financial measures on a supplemental basis . story_separator_special_tag income from equity method investment year ended december 31 , ( in thousands ) 2019 2018 income from equity method investment $ 7,017 $ 7,732 we have accounted for our investment in tel using the equity method of accounting and thus our financial results include our proportionate share of tel 's net income . for the year ended december 31 , 2019 , our earnings resulting from our investment in tel decreased to $ 7.0 million . the decrease in 2019 as compared to 2018 is the result of tel 's write-off of receivables and the revenue impact associated with customer bankruptcy during the fourth quarter of 2019. we expect the impact on our earnings resulting from our investment in tel to be down year-over-year for the first half of 2020 as a result of the discontinued business , but to return to prior levels during the latter half of 2020. income tax expense ( benefit ) replace_table_token_19_th income tax expense decreased approximately $ 12.0 million , or 77.7 % , for the year ended december 31 , 2019 , compared to 2018. as a percentage of total revenue , income tax expense decreased to 0.4 % of total revenue for 2019 from 1.8 % in 2018. as a percentage of freight revenue , income tax expense decreased to 0.4 % of freight revenue for 2019 compared to 2.0 % in 2018. these decreases were primarily related to the decrease in operating income of $ 43.0 million for 2019 , compared to 2018 as described above as well as a decrease in our effective tax rate . the effective tax rate is different from the expected combined tax rate due primarily to permanent differences related to our per diem pay structure for drivers . due to the partial nondeductible effect of the per diem payments , our tax rate will fluctuate in future periods as income fluctuates . we are currently estimating our 2020 effective income tax rate to be approximately 25.5 % . results of segment operations we have four reportable segments , highway services , dedicated , managed freight , and factoring . highway services represents non-dedicated , irregular route truckload services without fixed volume commitments in the expedited and over-the-road solo markets . dedicated represents truckload services under long-term contracts that generally include minimum prices and volumes . our managed freight segment has service offerings ancillary to our highway services and dedicated segments , including : freight brokerage service provided both directly and through freight brokerage agents , who are paid a commission for the freight they provide , tms , and warehousing services . in addition , our factoring segment offers accounts receivable factoring services for external carriers . our highway services and managed freight operations each consist of multiple operating segments , which are aggregated into our reportable segments due to having similar economic characteristics and meeting the aggregation criteria . 43 the operation of each of these businesses is described in our notes to item 1 of part 1 of this annual report on form 10-k. the following table summarizes revenue and operating income data by reportable segment and service offering : replace_table_token_20_th comparison of year ended december 31 , 2019 to year ended december 31 , 2018 for 2019 , total revenue increased $ 9.1 million , or 1.0 % , to $ 894.5 million from $ 885.5 million in 2018. our highway services total revenue decreased $ 112.8 million , as freight revenue decreased $ 93.4 million and fuel surcharge revenue decreased $ 19.4 million . the decrease in 2019 highway services revenue relates to a 281 ( or 17.6 % ) average tractor decrease as well as a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 6.4 % compared to 2018. the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of a 5.0 % decrease , or 10.1 cents per mile , in average rate per total mile , and an approximately 1.5 % decrease in average miles per unit when compared to 2018. team driven units decreased approximately 4.4 % to an average of 825 teams in 2019 from 863 teams in 2018 . 44 our dedicated total revenue increased $ 84.7 million , as freight revenue increased $ 77.5 million and fuel surcharge revenue increased $ 7.2 million . the increase in 2019 dedicated freight revenue relates to a 511 ( or 40.9 % ) average tractor increase partially offset by a decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week of 3.3 % compared to 2018. landair contributed $ 83.8 million of freight revenue to dedicated operations in 2019 , compared to $ 37.6 million for approximately six months in 2018. the increase in average tractors was attributable to the full year of landair 's operations plus a re-allocation of tractors from highway services to dedicated . the decrease in average freight revenue per tractor per week is the result of fewer miles per tractor partially offset by a 1.3 % , or 2.4 cents per mile , increase in average rate per total mile primarily attributable to a full year of landair operations , which generate higher revenue per mile and lower miles per tractor . our highway services and dedicated operating income were $ 33.8 million and $ 11.7 million lower in 2019 than 2018. highway services operating income , which generally fluctuates with market cycles to a greater extent than dedicated , declined primarily due to a difficult operating environment that imposed negative pressure on rates and volumes . in particular , the operating results of our temperature-controlled business were significantly unprofitable . dedicated operating income declined due to accepting contract pricing in non-landair operations that was better than highway services but below our targeted profitability , offset by improved results at landair . additionally , higher insurance and claims expense and lower fuel surcharge recovery negatively impacted both of these reportable segments . managed freight total revenue increased

