as of december 31 , 2016 , we are purchasing rins in order to meet approximately half of our renewable fuel requirements . a more detailed discussion of our financial and operating results for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 is presented in the following sections . 37 table of content 38 table of content results of operations financial data replace_table_token_13_th other financial data replace_table_token_14_th ( 1 ) earnings before interest , taxes , depreciation and amortization , which we refer to as “ ebitda , ” is calculated as net income ( loss ) plus ( i ) interest expense , net of interest income , ( ii ) income tax provision , and ( iii ) depreciation and amortization . 39 table of content ( 2 ) `` adjusted ebitda `` is calculated as ebitda plus or minus ( i ) lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment and ( ii ) goodwill and asset impairment charges . ebitda and adjusted ebitda are not calculations provided for under gaap ; however , the amounts included in these calculations are derived from amounts included in our consolidated financial statements . ebitda and adjusted ebitda should not be considered as alternatives to net income or operating income as an indication of our operating performance or as an alternative to operating cash flow as a measure of liquidity . ebitda and adjusted ebitda are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies . they are presented here because they are widely used financial indicators used by investors and analysts to measure performance . ebitda and adjusted ebitda are also used by our management for internal analysis and as a basis for financial covenants . ebitda and adjusted ebitda presented above are reconciled to net income under “ reconciliations to amounts reported under generally accepted accounting principles ” following item 7a of part ii of this form 10-k. our operations are organized into two reportable segments , refining and hep . see note 20 “ segment information ” in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on our reportable segments . refining operating data our refinery operations include the el dorado , tulsa , navajo , cheyenne and woods cross refineries . the following tables set forth information , including non-gaap performance measures about our consolidated refinery operations . the cost of products and refinery gross and net operating margins do not include the non-cash effects of goodwill and asset impairments charges , lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustments and depreciation and amortization . reconciliations to amounts reported under gaap are provided under “ reconciliations to amounts reported under generally accepted accounting principles ” following item 7a of part ii of this form 10-k. replace_table_token_15_th ( 1 ) crude charge represents the barrels per day of crude oil processed at our refineries . ( 2 ) refinery throughput represents the barrels per day of crude and other refinery feedstocks input to the crude units and other conversion units at our refineries . ( 3 ) refinery production represents the barrels per day of refined products yielded from processing crude and other refinery feedstocks through the crude units and other conversion units at our refineries . ( 4 ) includes refined products purchased for resale . ( 5 ) represents crude charge divided by total crude capacity ( bpsd ) . effective july 1 , 2016 , our consolidated crude capacity increased from 443,000 bpsd to 457,000 bpsd upon completion of our woods cross refinery expansion project . ( 6 ) represents average per barrel amount for produced refined products sold , which is a non-gaap measure . reconciliations to amounts reported under gaap are provided under “ reconciliations to amounts reported under generally accepted accounting principles ” following item 7a of part ii of this form 10-k. ( 7 ) transportation , terminal and refinery storage costs billed from hep are included in cost of products . ( 8 ) excludes lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustments of that increased refinery gross margin by $ 291.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 and decreased refinery gross margin by $ 227.0 million and $ 397.5 million for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . ( 9 ) represents operating expenses of our refineries , exclusive of depreciation and amortization . 40 table of content ( 10 ) represents refinery operating expenses , exclusive of depreciation and amortization , divided by refinery throughput . 41 table of content results of operations – year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to year ended december 31 , 2015 summary net loss attributable to hollyfrontier stockholders for the year ended december 31 , 2016 was $ 260.5 million ( $ 1.48 per basic and diluted share ) , a $ 1,000.6 million decrease compared to net income attributable to hollyfrontier stockholders of $ 740.1 million ( $ 3.91 per basic and $ 3.90 per diluted share ) for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . net income decreased due principally to non-cash goodwill and long-lived asset impairment charges of $ 309.3 million and $ 344.8 million , respectively , and a year-over-year decrease in refining margins and sales volumes , net of the effects of a year-over-year change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve adjustments . for the year ended december 31 , 2016 , lower of cost or market inventory reserve adjustments increased pre-tax earnings by $ 291.9 million compared to a pre-tax earnings decrease of $ 227.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . collectively , the impairment charges , net of the lower of cost or market valuation benefit , reduced 2016 pre-tax income by $ 362.1 million . story_separator_special_tag hep common unit continuous offering program on may 10 , 2016 , hep established a continuous offering program under which hep may issue and sell common units from time to time , representing limited partner interests , up to an aggregate gross sales amount of $ 200 million . as of december 31 , 2016 , hep has issued 703,455 units under this program , providing $ 23.0 million in net proceeds . in connection with this program and to maintain the 2 % general partner interest , we made capital contributions totaling $ 0.5 million as of december 31 , 2016 . hep intends to use the net proceeds for general partnership purposes , which may include funding working capital , repayment of debt , acquisitions and capital expenditures . amounts repaid under hep 's credit facility may be reborrowed from time to time . 45 table of content hep private placement agreement on september 16 , 2016 , hep entered into a common unit purchase agreement in which certain purchasers agreed to purchase in a private placement 3,420,000 hep common units , representing limited partnership interests , at a price of $ 30.18 per common unit . the private placement closed on october 3 , 2016 , at which time hep received proceeds of $ 103.0 million , which were used to finance a portion of the woods cross assets acquisition . in connection with this private placement and to maintain our 2 % general partner interest in hep , we made capital contributions totaling $ 2.1 million to hep in october 2016. after this common unit issuance , our interest in hep is 37 % , including the 2 % general partner interest . liquidity we believe our current cash and cash equivalents , along with future internally generated cash flow and funds available under our credit facilities will provide sufficient resources to fund currently planned capital projects and our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future . in addition , components of our growth strategy include construction of new refinery processing units and the expansion of existing units at our facilities and selective acquisition of complementary assets for our refining operations intended to increase earnings and cash flow . as of december 31 , 2016 , our cash , cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities totaled $ 1.1 billion . we consider all highly-liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents . cash equivalents are stated at cost , which approximates market value . these primarily consist of investments in conservative , highly-rated instruments issued by financial institutions , government and corporate entities with strong credit standings and money market funds . on october 29 , 2016 , our wholly-owned subsidiary , 9952110 canada inc. , entered into a share purchase agreement with suncor to acquire 100 % of the outstanding capital stock of pcli that closed on february 1 , 2017. cash consideration paid was $ 862.1 million , or $ 1.125 billion in canadian dollars . in may 2015 , our board of directors approved a $ 1 billion share repurchase program , which replaced all existing share repurchase programs , authorizing us to repurchase common stock in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions . the timing and amount of stock repurchases will depend on market conditions and corporate , regulatory and other relevant considerations . this program may be discontinued at any time by our board of directors . as of december 31 , 2016 , we had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $ 178.8 million under this stock repurchase program . in addition , we are authorized by our board of directors to repurchase shares in an amount sufficient to offset shares issued under our compensation programs . story_separator_special_tag additionally , hep purchased a 50 % interest in frontier pipeline for $ 55.0 million . planned capital expenditures hollyfrontier corporation each year our board of directors approves our annual capital budget which includes specific projects that management is authorized to undertake . additionally , when conditions warrant or as new opportunities arise , additional projects may be approved . the funds appropriated for a particular capital project may be expended over a period of several years , depending on the time required to complete the project . therefore , our planned capital expenditures for a given year consist of expenditures appropriated in that year 's capital budget plus expenditures for projects appropriated in prior years which have not yet been completed . during 2017 , we expect to spend approximately $ 275.0 million to $ 300.0 million in cash for capital projects appropriated in 2017 and prior years . in addition , we expect to spend approximately $ 150.0 million to $ 165.0 million on refinery turnarounds . refinery turnaround spending is amortized over the useful life of the turnaround . our expected capital and turnaround cash spending for 2017 is as follows : replace_table_token_16_th 47 table of content the refining industry is capital intensive and requires on-going investments to sustain our refining operations . this includes replacement of , or rebuilding , refinery units and components that extend the useful life . we also invest in projects that improve operational reliability and profitability via enhancements that improve refinery processing capabilities as well as production yield and flexibility . our capital expenditures also include projects related to environmental , health and safety compliance and include initiatives as a result of federal and state mandates . a significant portion of our current capital spending is associated with compliance-oriented capital improvements . this spending is required due to existing consent decrees ( for projects including fcc unit flue gas scrubbers and tail gas treatment units ) , federal fuels regulations ( particularly , tier 3 which mandates a reduction in the sulfur content of blended gasoline ) , refinery waste water treatment improvements and other similar initiatives . our refinery

cash and cash equivalents increased $ 644.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 . net cash provided by operating and financing activities of $ 602.3 million and $ 843.4 million , respectively , exceeded net cash used for investing activities of $ 801.6 million . working capital increased by $ 1,180.3 million during the year ended december 31 , 2016 . cash flows – operating activities year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to year ended december 31 , 2015 net cash flows provided by operating activities were $ 602.3 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to $ 979.6 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 , a decrease of $ 377.4 million . net loss for the year ended december 31 , 2016 was $ 190.9 million , a decrease of $ 993.5 million compared to net income of $ 802.5 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . non-cash adjustments to net income consisting of depreciation and amortization , goodwill and asset impairment , lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment , net loss of equity method investments , inclusive of distributions , gain on sale of assets , gain or loss on extinguishment of debt , deferred income taxes , equity-based compensation expense , fair value changes to derivative instruments and excess tax expense from equity-based compensation totaled $ 846.8 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to $ 492.0 million for the same period in 2015 . changes in working capital items increased cash flows by $ 74.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to a decrease of $ 195.1 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . for the year ended december 31 , 2016 , turnaround expenditures increased to $ 125.3 million from $ 89.4 million for the same period of 2015 .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash and cash equivalents increased $ 644.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 . net cash provided by operating and financing activities of $ 602.3 million and $ 843.4 million , respectively , exceeded net cash used for investing activities of $ 801.6 million . working capital increased by $ 1,180.3 million during the year ended december 31 , 2016 . cash flows – operating activities year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to year ended december 31 , 2015 net cash flows provided by operating activities were $ 602.3 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to $ 979.6 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 , a decrease of $ 377.4 million . net loss for the year ended december 31 , 2016 was $ 190.9 million , a decrease of $ 993.5 million compared to net income of $ 802.5 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . non-cash adjustments to net income consisting of depreciation and amortization , goodwill and asset impairment , lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment , net loss of equity method investments , inclusive of distributions , gain on sale of assets , gain or loss on extinguishment of debt , deferred income taxes , equity-based compensation expense , fair value changes to derivative instruments and excess tax expense from equity-based compensation totaled $ 846.8 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to $ 492.0 million for the same period in 2015 . changes in working capital items increased cash flows by $ 74.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to a decrease of $ 195.1 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . for the year ended december 31 , 2016 , turnaround expenditures increased to $ 125.3 million from $ 89.4 million for the same period of 2015 .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : as of december 31 , 2016 , we are purchasing rins in order to meet approximately half of our renewable fuel requirements . a more detailed discussion of our financial and operating results for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 is presented in the following sections . 37 table of content 38 table of content results of operations financial data replace_table_token_13_th other financial data replace_table_token_14_th ( 1 ) earnings before interest , taxes , depreciation and amortization , which we refer to as “ ebitda , ” is calculated as net income ( loss ) plus ( i ) interest expense , net of interest income , ( ii ) income tax provision , and ( iii ) depreciation and amortization . 39 table of content ( 2 ) `` adjusted ebitda `` is calculated as ebitda plus or minus ( i ) lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment and ( ii ) goodwill and asset impairment charges . ebitda and adjusted ebitda are not calculations provided for under gaap ; however , the amounts included in these calculations are derived from amounts included in our consolidated financial statements . ebitda and adjusted ebitda should not be considered as alternatives to net income or operating income as an indication of our operating performance or as an alternative to operating cash flow as a measure of liquidity . ebitda and adjusted ebitda are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies . they are presented here because they are widely used financial indicators used by investors and analysts to measure performance . ebitda and adjusted ebitda are also used by our management for internal analysis and as a basis for financial covenants . ebitda and adjusted ebitda presented above are reconciled to net income under “ reconciliations to amounts reported under generally accepted accounting principles ” following item 7a of part ii of this form 10-k. our operations are organized into two reportable segments , refining and hep . see note 20 “ segment information ” in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional information on our reportable segments . refining operating data our refinery operations include the el dorado , tulsa , navajo , cheyenne and woods cross refineries . the following tables set forth information , including non-gaap performance measures about our consolidated refinery operations . the cost of products and refinery gross and net operating margins do not include the non-cash effects of goodwill and asset impairments charges , lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustments and depreciation and amortization . reconciliations to amounts reported under gaap are provided under “ reconciliations to amounts reported under generally accepted accounting principles ” following item 7a of part ii of this form 10-k. replace_table_token_15_th ( 1 ) crude charge represents the barrels per day of crude oil processed at our refineries . ( 2 ) refinery throughput represents the barrels per day of crude and other refinery feedstocks input to the crude units and other conversion units at our refineries . ( 3 ) refinery production represents the barrels per day of refined products yielded from processing crude and other refinery feedstocks through the crude units and other conversion units at our refineries . ( 4 ) includes refined products purchased for resale . ( 5 ) represents crude charge divided by total crude capacity ( bpsd ) . effective july 1 , 2016 , our consolidated crude capacity increased from 443,000 bpsd to 457,000 bpsd upon completion of our woods cross refinery expansion project . ( 6 ) represents average per barrel amount for produced refined products sold , which is a non-gaap measure . reconciliations to amounts reported under gaap are provided under “ reconciliations to amounts reported under generally accepted accounting principles ” following item 7a of part ii of this form 10-k. ( 7 ) transportation , terminal and refinery storage costs billed from hep are included in cost of products . ( 8 ) excludes lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustments of that increased refinery gross margin by $ 291.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2016 and decreased refinery gross margin by $ 227.0 million and $ 397.5 million for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . ( 9 ) represents operating expenses of our refineries , exclusive of depreciation and amortization . 40 table of content ( 10 ) represents refinery operating expenses , exclusive of depreciation and amortization , divided by refinery throughput . 41 table of content results of operations – year ended december 31 , 2016 compared to year ended december 31 , 2015 summary net loss attributable to hollyfrontier stockholders for the year ended december 31 , 2016 was $ 260.5 million ( $ 1.48 per basic and diluted share ) , a $ 1,000.6 million decrease compared to net income attributable to hollyfrontier stockholders of $ 740.1 million ( $ 3.91 per basic and $ 3.90 per diluted share ) for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . net income decreased due principally to non-cash goodwill and long-lived asset impairment charges of $ 309.3 million and $ 344.8 million , respectively , and a year-over-year decrease in refining margins and sales volumes , net of the effects of a year-over-year change in lower of cost or market inventory reserve adjustments . for the year ended december 31 , 2016 , lower of cost or market inventory reserve adjustments increased pre-tax earnings by $ 291.9 million compared to a pre-tax earnings decrease of $ 227.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2015 . collectively , the impairment charges , net of the lower of cost or market valuation benefit , reduced 2016 pre-tax income by $ 362.1 million . story_separator_special_tag hep common unit continuous offering program on may 10 , 2016 , hep established a continuous offering program under which hep may issue and sell common units from time to time , representing limited partner interests , up to an aggregate gross sales amount of $ 200 million . as of december 31 , 2016 , hep has issued 703,455 units under this program , providing $ 23.0 million in net proceeds . in connection with this program and to maintain the 2 % general partner interest , we made capital contributions totaling $ 0.5 million as of december 31 , 2016 . hep intends to use the net proceeds for general partnership purposes , which may include funding working capital , repayment of debt , acquisitions and capital expenditures . amounts repaid under hep 's credit facility may be reborrowed from time to time . 45 table of content hep private placement agreement on september 16 , 2016 , hep entered into a common unit purchase agreement in which certain purchasers agreed to purchase in a private placement 3,420,000 hep common units , representing limited partnership interests , at a price of $ 30.18 per common unit . the private placement closed on october 3 , 2016 , at which time hep received proceeds of $ 103.0 million , which were used to finance a portion of the woods cross assets acquisition . in connection with this private placement and to maintain our 2 % general partner interest in hep , we made capital contributions totaling $ 2.1 million to hep in october 2016. after this common unit issuance , our interest in hep is 37 % , including the 2 % general partner interest . liquidity we believe our current cash and cash equivalents , along with future internally generated cash flow and funds available under our credit facilities will provide sufficient resources to fund currently planned capital projects and our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future . in addition , components of our growth strategy include construction of new refinery processing units and the expansion of existing units at our facilities and selective acquisition of complementary assets for our refining operations intended to increase earnings and cash flow . as of december 31 , 2016 , our cash , cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities totaled $ 1.1 billion . we consider all highly-liquid instruments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents . cash equivalents are stated at cost , which approximates market value . these primarily consist of investments in conservative , highly-rated instruments issued by financial institutions , government and corporate entities with strong credit standings and money market funds . on october 29 , 2016 , our wholly-owned subsidiary , 9952110 canada inc. , entered into a share purchase agreement with suncor to acquire 100 % of the outstanding capital stock of pcli that closed on february 1 , 2017. cash consideration paid was $ 862.1 million , or $ 1.125 billion in canadian dollars . in may 2015 , our board of directors approved a $ 1 billion share repurchase program , which replaced all existing share repurchase programs , authorizing us to repurchase common stock in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions . the timing and amount of stock repurchases will depend on market conditions and corporate , regulatory and other relevant considerations . this program may be discontinued at any time by our board of directors . as of december 31 , 2016 , we had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $ 178.8 million under this stock repurchase program . in addition , we are authorized by our board of directors to repurchase shares in an amount sufficient to offset shares issued under our compensation programs . story_separator_special_tag additionally , hep purchased a 50 % interest in frontier pipeline for $ 55.0 million . planned capital expenditures hollyfrontier corporation each year our board of directors approves our annual capital budget which includes specific projects that management is authorized to undertake . additionally , when conditions warrant or as new opportunities arise , additional projects may be approved . the funds appropriated for a particular capital project may be expended over a period of several years , depending on the time required to complete the project . therefore , our planned capital expenditures for a given year consist of expenditures appropriated in that year 's capital budget plus expenditures for projects appropriated in prior years which have not yet been completed . during 2017 , we expect to spend approximately $ 275.0 million to $ 300.0 million in cash for capital projects appropriated in 2017 and prior years . in addition , we expect to spend approximately $ 150.0 million to $ 165.0 million on refinery turnarounds . refinery turnaround spending is amortized over the useful life of the turnaround . our expected capital and turnaround cash spending for 2017 is as follows : replace_table_token_16_th 47 table of content the refining industry is capital intensive and requires on-going investments to sustain our refining operations . this includes replacement of , or rebuilding , refinery units and components that extend the useful life . we also invest in projects that improve operational reliability and profitability via enhancements that improve refinery processing capabilities as well as production yield and flexibility . our capital expenditures also include projects related to environmental , health and safety compliance and include initiatives as a result of federal and state mandates . a significant portion of our current capital spending is associated with compliance-oriented capital improvements . this spending is required due to existing consent decrees ( for projects including fcc unit flue gas scrubbers and tail gas treatment units ) , federal fuels regulations ( particularly , tier 3 which mandates a reduction in the sulfur content of blended gasoline ) , refinery waste water treatment improvements and other similar initiatives . our refinery

