million increase in net sales in the united states in 2013 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 106.1 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien transcatheter heart valve . procedure volume increased following the fda action in october 2012 to expand the indicated patient population and access routes compared to the original 2011 approval . the $ 18.4 million increase in international net sales in 2013 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 52.4 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve ; and surgical heart valve products , which increased net sales by $ 15.4 million , driven primarily by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna mitral ease and edwards intuity elite valves ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 43.9 million , due primarily to the weakening of the japanese yen against the united states dollar , partially offset by the strengthening of the euro against the united states dollar . the $ 206.5 million increase in net sales in the united states in 2012 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 203.5 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien transcatheter heart valve which was launched in the fourth quarter of 2011. the $ 14.5 million increase in international net sales in 2012 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 35.9 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve ; and surgical heart valve therapy products , which increased net sales by $ 19.5 million , driven primarily by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna aortic ease valve ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 42.4 million , due primarily to the weakening of the euro against the united states dollar . the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on net sales is not necessarily indicative of the impact on net income due to the corresponding effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on international manufacturing and operating costs , and our hedging activities . for more information see `` quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk . `` 26 net sales by product group ( dollars in millions ) replace_table_token_8_th surgical heart valve therapy the $ 13.7 million increase in net sales of surgical heart valve therapy products in 2013 was due primarily to : surgical heart valve products , which increased net sales by $ 30.1 million , driven by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna aortic ease , carpentier-edwards perimount magna mitral ease , and edwards intuity elite valves ; and cardiac surgery systems , which increased net sales by $ 4.9 million , driven by sales of specialty cannula products ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 20.2 million , due primarily to the weakening of the japanese yen against the united states dollar . the $ 3.1 million increase in net sales of surgical heart valve therapy products in 2012 was due primarily to : surgical heart valve products , which increased net sales by $ 12.5 million , driven by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna aortic ease valve ; and cardiac surgery systems , which increased net sales by $ 6.0 million , driven by specialty cannula products and minimally invasive surgical products ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 15.3 million , due primarily to the weakening of the euro against the united states dollar . at the end of the first quarter of 2013 , we received approval to sell our carpentier-edwards perimount magna ease valve in china . in the united states , we received approval from the fda to include edwards intuity elite , our next-generation minimally invasive aortic valve surgery system , in our ongoing transform trial , a clinical trial designed to support fda approval for the product . we continued to enroll patients in our commence clinical trial , which is studying our next-generation glx tissue treatment platform applied to the magna ease aortic surgical valve and the magna mitral ease valve . transcatheter heart valves the $ 155.6 million increase in net sales of transcatheter heart valves in 2013 was due primarily to : the edwards sapien transcatheter heart valve in the united states , which increased net sales by $ 97.2 million ; 27 the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve , which increased net sales by $ 61.8 million , due primarily to an increase in international sales ; and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which increased net sales by $ 5.2 million , due primarily to the strengthening of the euro against the united states dollar ; partially offset by : a $ 14.1 million sales reserve for estimated transcatheter heart valve product returns expected in 2014 upon introduction of the edwards sapien 3 transcatheter valve system in europe and the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve in the united states . additional sales reserves are expected in 2014 for incremental estimated transcatheter heart valve product returns . story_separator_special_tag the application of accounting policies requires the use of judgment and estimates . these matters that are subject to judgments and estimation are inherently uncertain , and different amounts could be reported using different assumptions and estimates . management uses its best estimates and judgments in determining the appropriate amount to reflect in the consolidated financial statements , using historical experience and all available information . we also use outside experts where appropriate . we apply estimation methodologies consistently from year to year . we believe the following are the critical accounting policies which could have the most significant effect on our reported results and require subjective or complex judgments by management . revenue recognition when we recognize revenue from the sale of our products , we record an estimate of various sales returns and allowances which reduces product sales and accounts receivable . these adjustments include estimates for rebates , returns and other sales allowances . these provisions are estimated based upon historical payment experience , historical relationship to revenues , estimated customer inventory levels , and current contract sales terms with direct and indirect customers . product returns are not significant because returns are generally not allowed unless the product is damaged at time of receipt . if the historical data and inventory estimates used to calculate these provisions do not approximate future activity , our financial position , results of operations and cash flows could be impacted . in addition , we may allow customers to return previously purchased products for next-generation product offerings . for these transactions , we defer recognition of revenue on the sale of the earlier generation product based upon an estimate of the amount to be returned when the next-generation products are shipped to the customer . uncertain timing of next-generation product approvals , variability in product launch strategies , product recalls and variation in product utilization all affect the estimates related to sales returns and could cause actual returns to differ from these estimates . our primary sales adjustment relates to distributor rebates which are given to our united states distributors and represents the difference between our sales price to the distributor ( at our distributor `` list price `` ) and the negotiated price to be paid by the end-customer . we validate the distributor rebate accrual quarterly through either a review of the inventory reports obtained from our distributors or an estimate of the distributor 's inventory . this distributor inventory information is used to verify the estimated liability for future distributor rebate claims based on historical rebates and contract rates . we periodically monitor current pricing trends and distributor inventory levels to ensure the credit for future distributor rebates is fairly stated . excess and obsolete inventory the valuation of our inventory requires us to estimate excess , obsolete and expired inventory . we base our provisions for excess , obsolete and expired inventory on our estimates of forecasted net sales . a significant change in the timing or level of demand for our products as compared to forecasted amounts may result in recording additional allowances for excess , obsolete and expired inventory in the future . in addition , our industry is characterized by rapid product development and frequent new product introductions . uncertain timing of next-generation product approvals , variability in product launch strategies , product recalls , increasing levels of consigned inventory and variation in product utilization all affect our estimates related to excess , obsolete and expired inventory . patent costs we capitalize certain legal costs related to the defense and enforcement of issued patents for which success is deemed probable . the ultimate outcome of these legal actions are not within our complete control , 36 are difficult to predict , and may not be known for prolonged periods of time , and therefore the determination to capitalize these costs is a matter of significant judgment . intangible assets and long-lived assets we acquire intangible assets in connection with business combinations and asset purchases . the acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value , which is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis . the determination of fair value requires significant estimates , including , but not limited to , the amount and timing of projected future cash flows , the discount rate used to discount those cash flows , the assessment of the asset 's life cycle , including the timing and expected costs to complete in-process projects , and the consideration of legal , technical , regulatory , economic , and competitive risks . indefinite-lived intangible assets , which relate to ipr & d acquired in business combinations , are reviewed for impairment annually , or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired . additionally , management reviews the carrying amounts of other intangible and long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of an asset may not be recoverable . the impairment reviews require significant estimates about fair value , including estimation of future cash flows , selection of an appropriate discount rate , and estimates of long-term growth rates . income taxes the determination of our provision for income taxes requires significant judgment , the use of estimates , and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws . realization of certain deferred tax assets , primarily net operating loss and other carryforwards , is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods . failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in our effective tax rate on future earnings . we are subject to income taxes in the united states and numerous foreign jurisdictions . our income tax returns are periodically audited by domestic and foreign tax authorities . these audits include questions regarding our tax

liquidity and capital resources our sources of cash liquidity include cash and cash equivalents , short-term investments , amounts available under credit facilities and cash from operations . we believe that these sources are sufficient to fund the current requirements of working capital , capital expenditures and other financial commitments for the next twelve months . however , we periodically consider various financing alternatives and may , from time to time , seek to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions . we believe that we have the financial flexibility to attract long-term capital to fund short-term and long-term growth objectives . however , no assurances can be given that such long-term capital will be available to us on favorable terms , or at all . we believe that cash held in the united states , in addition to amounts available under credit facilities and cash from operations , are sufficient to fund our united states operating requirements . cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the united states have historically been used to fund international operations and acquire businesses outside of the united states , although a portion of those amounts may from time to time be subject to temporary intercompany loans into the united states . as of december 31 , 2013 , cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the united states were $ 811.7 million . the majority of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the 33 united states relates to undistributed earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries which are considered by us to be indefinitely reinvested . repatriations of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the united states are subject to restrictions in certain jurisdictions and may be subject to withholding and other taxes . the potential tax liability related to any repatriation would be dependent on the facts and circumstances that exist at the time such repatriation is made and the complexities of the tax laws of the united states and the respective foreign jurisdictions .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```liquidity and capital resources our sources of cash liquidity include cash and cash equivalents , short-term investments , amounts available under credit facilities and cash from operations . we believe that these sources are sufficient to fund the current requirements of working capital , capital expenditures and other financial commitments for the next twelve months . however , we periodically consider various financing alternatives and may , from time to time , seek to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions . we believe that we have the financial flexibility to attract long-term capital to fund short-term and long-term growth objectives . however , no assurances can be given that such long-term capital will be available to us on favorable terms , or at all . we believe that cash held in the united states , in addition to amounts available under credit facilities and cash from operations , are sufficient to fund our united states operating requirements . cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the united states have historically been used to fund international operations and acquire businesses outside of the united states , although a portion of those amounts may from time to time be subject to temporary intercompany loans into the united states . as of december 31 , 2013 , cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the united states were $ 811.7 million . the majority of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the 33 united states relates to undistributed earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries which are considered by us to be indefinitely reinvested . repatriations of cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments held outside the united states are subject to restrictions in certain jurisdictions and may be subject to withholding and other taxes . the potential tax liability related to any repatriation would be dependent on the facts and circumstances that exist at the time such repatriation is made and the complexities of the tax laws of the united states and the respective foreign jurisdictions .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : million increase in net sales in the united states in 2013 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 106.1 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien transcatheter heart valve . procedure volume increased following the fda action in october 2012 to expand the indicated patient population and access routes compared to the original 2011 approval . the $ 18.4 million increase in international net sales in 2013 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 52.4 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve ; and surgical heart valve products , which increased net sales by $ 15.4 million , driven primarily by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna mitral ease and edwards intuity elite valves ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 43.9 million , due primarily to the weakening of the japanese yen against the united states dollar , partially offset by the strengthening of the euro against the united states dollar . the $ 206.5 million increase in net sales in the united states in 2012 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 203.5 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien transcatheter heart valve which was launched in the fourth quarter of 2011. the $ 14.5 million increase in international net sales in 2012 was due primarily to : transcatheter heart valves , which increased net sales by $ 35.9 million , driven primarily by sales of the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve ; and surgical heart valve therapy products , which increased net sales by $ 19.5 million , driven primarily by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna aortic ease valve ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 42.4 million , due primarily to the weakening of the euro against the united states dollar . the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on net sales is not necessarily indicative of the impact on net income due to the corresponding effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on international manufacturing and operating costs , and our hedging activities . for more information see `` quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk . `` 26 net sales by product group ( dollars in millions ) replace_table_token_8_th surgical heart valve therapy the $ 13.7 million increase in net sales of surgical heart valve therapy products in 2013 was due primarily to : surgical heart valve products , which increased net sales by $ 30.1 million , driven by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna aortic ease , carpentier-edwards perimount magna mitral ease , and edwards intuity elite valves ; and cardiac surgery systems , which increased net sales by $ 4.9 million , driven by sales of specialty cannula products ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 20.2 million , due primarily to the weakening of the japanese yen against the united states dollar . the $ 3.1 million increase in net sales of surgical heart valve therapy products in 2012 was due primarily to : surgical heart valve products , which increased net sales by $ 12.5 million , driven by sales of the carpentier-edwards perimount magna aortic ease valve ; and cardiac surgery systems , which increased net sales by $ 6.0 million , driven by specialty cannula products and minimally invasive surgical products ; partially offset by : foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which decreased net sales by $ 15.3 million , due primarily to the weakening of the euro against the united states dollar . at the end of the first quarter of 2013 , we received approval to sell our carpentier-edwards perimount magna ease valve in china . in the united states , we received approval from the fda to include edwards intuity elite , our next-generation minimally invasive aortic valve surgery system , in our ongoing transform trial , a clinical trial designed to support fda approval for the product . we continued to enroll patients in our commence clinical trial , which is studying our next-generation glx tissue treatment platform applied to the magna ease aortic surgical valve and the magna mitral ease valve . transcatheter heart valves the $ 155.6 million increase in net sales of transcatheter heart valves in 2013 was due primarily to : the edwards sapien transcatheter heart valve in the united states , which increased net sales by $ 97.2 million ; 27 the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve , which increased net sales by $ 61.8 million , due primarily to an increase in international sales ; and foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations , which increased net sales by $ 5.2 million , due primarily to the strengthening of the euro against the united states dollar ; partially offset by : a $ 14.1 million sales reserve for estimated transcatheter heart valve product returns expected in 2014 upon introduction of the edwards sapien 3 transcatheter valve system in europe and the edwards sapien xt transcatheter heart valve in the united states . additional sales reserves are expected in 2014 for incremental estimated transcatheter heart valve product returns . story_separator_special_tag the application of accounting policies requires the use of judgment and estimates . these matters that are subject to judgments and estimation are inherently uncertain , and different amounts could be reported using different assumptions and estimates . management uses its best estimates and judgments in determining the appropriate amount to reflect in the consolidated financial statements , using historical experience and all available information . we also use outside experts where appropriate . we apply estimation methodologies consistently from year to year . we believe the following are the critical accounting policies which could have the most significant effect on our reported results and require subjective or complex judgments by management . revenue recognition when we recognize revenue from the sale of our products , we record an estimate of various sales returns and allowances which reduces product sales and accounts receivable . these adjustments include estimates for rebates , returns and other sales allowances . these provisions are estimated based upon historical payment experience , historical relationship to revenues , estimated customer inventory levels , and current contract sales terms with direct and indirect customers . product returns are not significant because returns are generally not allowed unless the product is damaged at time of receipt . if the historical data and inventory estimates used to calculate these provisions do not approximate future activity , our financial position , results of operations and cash flows could be impacted . in addition , we may allow customers to return previously purchased products for next-generation product offerings . for these transactions , we defer recognition of revenue on the sale of the earlier generation product based upon an estimate of the amount to be returned when the next-generation products are shipped to the customer . uncertain timing of next-generation product approvals , variability in product launch strategies , product recalls and variation in product utilization all affect the estimates related to sales returns and could cause actual returns to differ from these estimates . our primary sales adjustment relates to distributor rebates which are given to our united states distributors and represents the difference between our sales price to the distributor ( at our distributor `` list price `` ) and the negotiated price to be paid by the end-customer . we validate the distributor rebate accrual quarterly through either a review of the inventory reports obtained from our distributors or an estimate of the distributor 's inventory . this distributor inventory information is used to verify the estimated liability for future distributor rebate claims based on historical rebates and contract rates . we periodically monitor current pricing trends and distributor inventory levels to ensure the credit for future distributor rebates is fairly stated . excess and obsolete inventory the valuation of our inventory requires us to estimate excess , obsolete and expired inventory . we base our provisions for excess , obsolete and expired inventory on our estimates of forecasted net sales . a significant change in the timing or level of demand for our products as compared to forecasted amounts may result in recording additional allowances for excess , obsolete and expired inventory in the future . in addition , our industry is characterized by rapid product development and frequent new product introductions . uncertain timing of next-generation product approvals , variability in product launch strategies , product recalls , increasing levels of consigned inventory and variation in product utilization all affect our estimates related to excess , obsolete and expired inventory . patent costs we capitalize certain legal costs related to the defense and enforcement of issued patents for which success is deemed probable . the ultimate outcome of these legal actions are not within our complete control , 36 are difficult to predict , and may not be known for prolonged periods of time , and therefore the determination to capitalize these costs is a matter of significant judgment . intangible assets and long-lived assets we acquire intangible assets in connection with business combinations and asset purchases . the acquired intangible assets are recorded at fair value , which is determined based on a discounted cash flow analysis . the determination of fair value requires significant estimates , including , but not limited to , the amount and timing of projected future cash flows , the discount rate used to discount those cash flows , the assessment of the asset 's life cycle , including the timing and expected costs to complete in-process projects , and the consideration of legal , technical , regulatory , economic , and competitive risks . indefinite-lived intangible assets , which relate to ipr & d acquired in business combinations , are reviewed for impairment annually , or whenever an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired . additionally , management reviews the carrying amounts of other intangible and long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of an asset may not be recoverable . the impairment reviews require significant estimates about fair value , including estimation of future cash flows , selection of an appropriate discount rate , and estimates of long-term growth rates . income taxes the determination of our provision for income taxes requires significant judgment , the use of estimates , and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws . realization of certain deferred tax assets , primarily net operating loss and other carryforwards , is dependent upon generating sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction prior to the expiration of the carryforward periods . failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in our effective tax rate on future earnings . we are subject to income taxes in the united states and numerous foreign jurisdictions . our income tax returns are periodically audited by domestic and foreign tax authorities . these audits include questions regarding our tax

