income before impairment losses is defined by viad as income from continuing operations before the after-tax effect of impairment losses related to goodwill , other intangible assets and other long-lived assets . the presentation of adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses is supplemental to results presented under gaap and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies . adjusted ebitda is considered a useful operating metric as potential variations arising from taxes , depreciation , debt service costs , impairment losses and recoveries , changes in accounting principles and the effects of discontinued operations are eliminated , thus resulting in an additional measure considered to be indicative of viad 's ongoing operations . income before impairment losses is utilized by management to review operating results of the business without the effects of non-cash impairment losses . these non-gaap measures should be considered in addition to , but not as a substitute for , other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with gaap . management believes that the presentation of adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses provides useful information to investors regarding viad 's results of operations for trending , analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of viad 's business . management uses adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses primarily as performance measures and believes that the gaap financial measures most directly comparable to these non-gaap measures are net income attributable to viad and income from continuing operations attributable to viad , respectively . although adjusted ebitda is used as a financial measure to assess the performance of the business , the use of adjusted ebitda is limited because it does not consider material costs , expenses and other items necessary to operate the business . these items include debt service costs , non-cash depreciation and amortization expense associated with long-lived assets , expenses related to u.s. federal , state , local and foreign income taxes , impairment losses or recoveries , and the effects of accounting changes and discontinued operations . similarly , although income before impairment losses is used as a financial measure to assess the performance of the business , its use is limited because it does not consider non-cash goodwill , other intangible assets and other long-lived asset impairment losses . because adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses do not consider the above items , a user of viad 's financial information should consider net income attributable to viad and income from continuing operations attributable to viad as important measures of financial performance because they provide more complete measures of the company 's performance . a reconciliation of adjusted ebitda to net income ( loss ) attributable to viad is as follows : replace_table_token_6_th the increase in adjusted ebitda of $ 11.0 million from 2010 to 2011 was primarily due to higher segment operating results in the marketing & events group . the increase in adjusted ebitda of $ 19.5 million from 2009 to 2010 was primarily driven by higher segment operating results at all operating segments and lower restructuring charges . see results of operations below for a discussion of fluctuations . 17 a reconciliation of income ( loss ) before impairment losses attributable to viad to income ( loss ) from continuing operations attributable to viad is as follows : replace_table_token_7_th ( 1 ) includes income tax benefits of $ 34,000 and $ 18.7 million in 2010 and 2009 , respectively . results of operations : 2011 vs. 2010 : revenues for 2011 increased 11.6 percent to $ 942.4 million compared to $ 844.8 million in 2010. viad 's income from continuing operations before income taxes was $ 13.2 million for 2011 compared to $ 2.6 million in 2010. these increases were primarily due to higher revenues from the marketing & events group . net restructuring charges in 2011 were $ 3.8 million compared to $ 4.2 million in 2010 , both primarily related to the marketing & events group . impairment losses for 2010 were $ 268,000 ( after-tax ) , or $ 0.01 per diluted share . the company did not record any impairment losses in 2011. net income attributable to viad for 2011 was $ 9.2 million , or $ 0.45 per diluted share , compared to $ 443,000 , or $ 0.02 per diluted share , in 2010. these results include income from discontinued operations of $ 451,000 , or $ 0.02 per diluted share , in 2011 and $ 262,000 , or $ 0.01 per diluted share , in 2010 relating to obligations associated with previously sold operations . during 2011 , foreign exchange rate variances resulted in increases in revenues and segment operating income of $ 14.1 million and $ 1.7 million , respectively , as compared to 2010. viad conducts its foreign operations primarily in canada and the united kingdom and to a lesser extent in certain other countries . the following table summarizes the effects of foreign exchange rate variances on revenues and segment operating results from viad 's significant international operations : replace_table_token_8_th accordingly , viad 's results were impacted by the strengthening of the canadian dollar and british pound relative to the u.s. dollar . future changes in the exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period to period comparisons when operating results are translated into u.s. dollars . marketing & events group . revenues for the marketing & events u.s. segment were $ 631.4 million for 2011 , up 10.6 percent compared to $ 571.0 million in 2010. the increase was primarily due to base same-show revenue increases of 11.2 percent , increased exhibitor spending , new business wins and positive show rotation of approximately $ 11 million . management defines base same-show revenue as revenue from exhibitions and events that occur in the same quarter and same city every year . story_separator_special_tag excluding the effects of these items , the 2009 effective rate was 39.0 percent . story_separator_special_tag ( 1 ) estimated contributions related to multi-employer benefit plans are excluded from the table above . see note 16 of notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosures regarding those obligations . ( 2 ) purchase obligations primarily represent payments due under various licensing agreements and commitments related to consulting and other contracted services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms , including open purchase orders . ( 3 ) aggregate self-insurance liabilities of $ 27.1 million are excluded from the table above as the timing and amounts of future cash outflows are uncertain . see note 9 of notes to consolidated financial statements . viad and certain of its subsidiaries are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions , proceedings and pending claims , some of which involve , or may involve , compensatory , punitive or other damages . litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions , proceedings or claims could be decided against viad . although the amount of liability as of december 31 , 2011 with respect to these matters is not ascertainable , viad believes that any resulting liability , after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage , will not have a material effect on viad 's business , financial position or results of operations . 23 viad is subject to various u.s. federal , state and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which viad has or had operations . if the company has failed to comply with these environmental laws and regulations , civil and criminal penalties could be imposed and viad could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders . as is the case with many companies , viad also faces exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to its past operations . although it is a party to certain environmental disputes , viad believes that any resulting liabilities , after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage , will not have a material effect on the company 's financial position , results of operations or liquidity . as of december 31 , 2011 , there was a remaining environmental remediation liability of $ 5.8 million related to previously sold operations of which $ 755,000 is included in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption other current liabilities and $ 5.0 million under the caption other deferred items and liabilities. viad 's businesses contribute to various multi-employer pension plans based on obligations arising under collective-bargaining agreements covering its union-represented employees . viad 's contributions to these plans in 2011 , 2010 and 2009 totaled $ 19.6 million , $ 15.3 million and $ 15.7 million , respectively . based upon the information available to viad from plan administrators , management believes that several of these multi-employer plans are underfunded . the pension protection act of 2006 requires pension plans underfunded at certain levels to reduce , over defined time periods , the underfunded status . in addition , under current laws , the termination of a plan , or a voluntary withdrawal from a plan by viad , or a shrinking contribution base to a plan as a result of the insolvency or withdrawal of other contributing employers to such plan , would require viad to make payments to such plan for its proportionate share of the plan 's unfunded vested liabilities . as of december 31 , 2011 , the amount of additional funding , if any , that viad would be required to make related to multi-employer pension plans is not ascertainable . off-balance sheet arrangements : viad does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated special-purpose or other entities that would materially affect the company 's financial position , results of operations , liquidity or capital resources . furthermore , viad does not have any relationships with special-purpose or other entities that provide off-balance sheet financing ; liquidity , market risk or credit risk support ; or engage in leasing or other services that may expose the company to liability or risks of loss that are not reflected in viad 's consolidated financial statements and related notes . see notes 10 , 18 and 19 of notes to consolidated financial statements . critical accounting policies and estimates : the preparation of financial statements in conformity with gaap requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities , revenues and expenses , and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements . the sec has defined a company 's most critical accounting policies as those that are most important to the portrayal of a company 's financial position and results of operations , and that require a company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments , often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain . based on these criteria , viad has identified and discussed with its audit committee the following critical accounting policies and estimates pertaining to viad , and the methodology and disclosures related to those estimates : goodwill  goodwill is not amortized , but tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis on october 31 of each year . goodwill is also tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount . viad 's reporting units are defined , and goodwill is tested , at either an operating segment level or at the component level of an operating segment , depending on various factors including : the internal reporting structure of the operating

liquidity and capital resources : cash and cash equivalents were $ 100.4 million as of december 31 , 2011 as compared to $ 145.8 million as of december 31 , 2010 , with the decrease primarily due to viad 's acquisitions and capital expenditures , partially offset by cash flow from operations . during 2011 , the company generated net cash flows from operating activities of $ 34.7 million primarily driven by operating results , partially offset by changes in working capital . management believes that viad 's existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations and capital commitments for at least the next 12 months . as of december 31 , 2011 , the company had $ 64.1 million of its cash and cash equivalents held outside of the united states . of the total amount , $ 56.0 million was held in canada , $ 6.5 million in the united kingdom and $ 1.6 million in germany . although the company records income tax expense with respect to its foreign operations at the statutory tax rates in effect in the united states , there were certain historical earnings related to its canadian operations which , if repatriated to the united states , would result in incremental income tax expense . the incremental tax liability as of december 31 , 2011 that would result assuming all foreign cash balances were repatriated to the united states would be approximately $ 2.0 million . viad 's total debt as of december 31 , 2011 was $ 3.2 million compared to $ 9.1 million as of december 31 , 2010. the debt-to-capital ratio was 0.008 to 1 as of december 31 , 2011 compared with 0.023 to 1 as of december 31 , 2010. capital is defined as total debt and capital lease obligations plus total stockholders ' equity . effective may 18 , 2011 , viad amended and restated its secured revolving credit agreement ( the credit facility ) . the credit facility provides for a $ 130 million revolving line of credit , which may be increased up to an additional $ 50 million under certain circumstances .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```liquidity and capital resources : cash and cash equivalents were $ 100.4 million as of december 31 , 2011 as compared to $ 145.8 million as of december 31 , 2010 , with the decrease primarily due to viad 's acquisitions and capital expenditures , partially offset by cash flow from operations . during 2011 , the company generated net cash flows from operating activities of $ 34.7 million primarily driven by operating results , partially offset by changes in working capital . management believes that viad 's existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations and capital commitments for at least the next 12 months . as of december 31 , 2011 , the company had $ 64.1 million of its cash and cash equivalents held outside of the united states . of the total amount , $ 56.0 million was held in canada , $ 6.5 million in the united kingdom and $ 1.6 million in germany . although the company records income tax expense with respect to its foreign operations at the statutory tax rates in effect in the united states , there were certain historical earnings related to its canadian operations which , if repatriated to the united states , would result in incremental income tax expense . the incremental tax liability as of december 31 , 2011 that would result assuming all foreign cash balances were repatriated to the united states would be approximately $ 2.0 million . viad 's total debt as of december 31 , 2011 was $ 3.2 million compared to $ 9.1 million as of december 31 , 2010. the debt-to-capital ratio was 0.008 to 1 as of december 31 , 2011 compared with 0.023 to 1 as of december 31 , 2010. capital is defined as total debt and capital lease obligations plus total stockholders ' equity . effective may 18 , 2011 , viad amended and restated its secured revolving credit agreement ( the credit facility ) . the credit facility provides for a $ 130 million revolving line of credit , which may be increased up to an additional $ 50 million under certain circumstances .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : income before impairment losses is defined by viad as income from continuing operations before the after-tax effect of impairment losses related to goodwill , other intangible assets and other long-lived assets . the presentation of adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses is supplemental to results presented under gaap and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies . adjusted ebitda is considered a useful operating metric as potential variations arising from taxes , depreciation , debt service costs , impairment losses and recoveries , changes in accounting principles and the effects of discontinued operations are eliminated , thus resulting in an additional measure considered to be indicative of viad 's ongoing operations . income before impairment losses is utilized by management to review operating results of the business without the effects of non-cash impairment losses . these non-gaap measures should be considered in addition to , but not as a substitute for , other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with gaap . management believes that the presentation of adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses provides useful information to investors regarding viad 's results of operations for trending , analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of viad 's business . management uses adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses primarily as performance measures and believes that the gaap financial measures most directly comparable to these non-gaap measures are net income attributable to viad and income from continuing operations attributable to viad , respectively . although adjusted ebitda is used as a financial measure to assess the performance of the business , the use of adjusted ebitda is limited because it does not consider material costs , expenses and other items necessary to operate the business . these items include debt service costs , non-cash depreciation and amortization expense associated with long-lived assets , expenses related to u.s. federal , state , local and foreign income taxes , impairment losses or recoveries , and the effects of accounting changes and discontinued operations . similarly , although income before impairment losses is used as a financial measure to assess the performance of the business , its use is limited because it does not consider non-cash goodwill , other intangible assets and other long-lived asset impairment losses . because adjusted ebitda and income before impairment losses do not consider the above items , a user of viad 's financial information should consider net income attributable to viad and income from continuing operations attributable to viad as important measures of financial performance because they provide more complete measures of the company 's performance . a reconciliation of adjusted ebitda to net income ( loss ) attributable to viad is as follows : replace_table_token_6_th the increase in adjusted ebitda of $ 11.0 million from 2010 to 2011 was primarily due to higher segment operating results in the marketing & events group . the increase in adjusted ebitda of $ 19.5 million from 2009 to 2010 was primarily driven by higher segment operating results at all operating segments and lower restructuring charges . see results of operations below for a discussion of fluctuations . 17 a reconciliation of income ( loss ) before impairment losses attributable to viad to income ( loss ) from continuing operations attributable to viad is as follows : replace_table_token_7_th ( 1 ) includes income tax benefits of $ 34,000 and $ 18.7 million in 2010 and 2009 , respectively . results of operations : 2011 vs. 2010 : revenues for 2011 increased 11.6 percent to $ 942.4 million compared to $ 844.8 million in 2010. viad 's income from continuing operations before income taxes was $ 13.2 million for 2011 compared to $ 2.6 million in 2010. these increases were primarily due to higher revenues from the marketing & events group . net restructuring charges in 2011 were $ 3.8 million compared to $ 4.2 million in 2010 , both primarily related to the marketing & events group . impairment losses for 2010 were $ 268,000 ( after-tax ) , or $ 0.01 per diluted share . the company did not record any impairment losses in 2011. net income attributable to viad for 2011 was $ 9.2 million , or $ 0.45 per diluted share , compared to $ 443,000 , or $ 0.02 per diluted share , in 2010. these results include income from discontinued operations of $ 451,000 , or $ 0.02 per diluted share , in 2011 and $ 262,000 , or $ 0.01 per diluted share , in 2010 relating to obligations associated with previously sold operations . during 2011 , foreign exchange rate variances resulted in increases in revenues and segment operating income of $ 14.1 million and $ 1.7 million , respectively , as compared to 2010. viad conducts its foreign operations primarily in canada and the united kingdom and to a lesser extent in certain other countries . the following table summarizes the effects of foreign exchange rate variances on revenues and segment operating results from viad 's significant international operations : replace_table_token_8_th accordingly , viad 's results were impacted by the strengthening of the canadian dollar and british pound relative to the u.s. dollar . future changes in the exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period to period comparisons when operating results are translated into u.s. dollars . marketing & events group . revenues for the marketing & events u.s. segment were $ 631.4 million for 2011 , up 10.6 percent compared to $ 571.0 million in 2010. the increase was primarily due to base same-show revenue increases of 11.2 percent , increased exhibitor spending , new business wins and positive show rotation of approximately $ 11 million . management defines base same-show revenue as revenue from exhibitions and events that occur in the same quarter and same city every year . story_separator_special_tag excluding the effects of these items , the 2009 effective rate was 39.0 percent . story_separator_special_tag ( 1 ) estimated contributions related to multi-employer benefit plans are excluded from the table above . see note 16 of notes to consolidated financial statements for disclosures regarding those obligations . ( 2 ) purchase obligations primarily represent payments due under various licensing agreements and commitments related to consulting and other contracted services that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms , including open purchase orders . ( 3 ) aggregate self-insurance liabilities of $ 27.1 million are excluded from the table above as the timing and amounts of future cash outflows are uncertain . see note 9 of notes to consolidated financial statements . viad and certain of its subsidiaries are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions , proceedings and pending claims , some of which involve , or may involve , compensatory , punitive or other damages . litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions , proceedings or claims could be decided against viad . although the amount of liability as of december 31 , 2011 with respect to these matters is not ascertainable , viad believes that any resulting liability , after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage , will not have a material effect on viad 's business , financial position or results of operations . 23 viad is subject to various u.s. federal , state and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which viad has or had operations . if the company has failed to comply with these environmental laws and regulations , civil and criminal penalties could be imposed and viad could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders . as is the case with many companies , viad also faces exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to its past operations . although it is a party to certain environmental disputes , viad believes that any resulting liabilities , after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage , will not have a material effect on the company 's financial position , results of operations or liquidity . as of december 31 , 2011 , there was a remaining environmental remediation liability of $ 5.8 million related to previously sold operations of which $ 755,000 is included in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption other current liabilities and $ 5.0 million under the caption other deferred items and liabilities. viad 's businesses contribute to various multi-employer pension plans based on obligations arising under collective-bargaining agreements covering its union-represented employees . viad 's contributions to these plans in 2011 , 2010 and 2009 totaled $ 19.6 million , $ 15.3 million and $ 15.7 million , respectively . based upon the information available to viad from plan administrators , management believes that several of these multi-employer plans are underfunded . the pension protection act of 2006 requires pension plans underfunded at certain levels to reduce , over defined time periods , the underfunded status . in addition , under current laws , the termination of a plan , or a voluntary withdrawal from a plan by viad , or a shrinking contribution base to a plan as a result of the insolvency or withdrawal of other contributing employers to such plan , would require viad to make payments to such plan for its proportionate share of the plan 's unfunded vested liabilities . as of december 31 , 2011 , the amount of additional funding , if any , that viad would be required to make related to multi-employer pension plans is not ascertainable . off-balance sheet arrangements : viad does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated special-purpose or other entities that would materially affect the company 's financial position , results of operations , liquidity or capital resources . furthermore , viad does not have any relationships with special-purpose or other entities that provide off-balance sheet financing ; liquidity , market risk or credit risk support ; or engage in leasing or other services that may expose the company to liability or risks of loss that are not reflected in viad 's consolidated financial statements and related notes . see notes 10 , 18 and 19 of notes to consolidated financial statements . critical accounting policies and estimates : the preparation of financial statements in conformity with gaap requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities , revenues and expenses , and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements . the sec has defined a company 's most critical accounting policies as those that are most important to the portrayal of a company 's financial position and results of operations , and that require a company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments , often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain . based on these criteria , viad has identified and discussed with its audit committee the following critical accounting policies and estimates pertaining to viad , and the methodology and disclosures related to those estimates : goodwill  goodwill is not amortized , but tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis on october 31 of each year . goodwill is also tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount . viad 's reporting units are defined , and goodwill is tested , at either an operating segment level or at the component level of an operating segment , depending on various factors including : the internal reporting structure of the operating

