due to our continuing investments to scale our business , particularly internationally , reorganize our corporate structure for improved tax efficiency , pursue new opportunities , enhance our product functionality , introduce new products and build upon our technology leadership in advance of , and in preparation for , our expected increase in sales and expansion of our customer base , we are continuing to incur expenses in the near term for which we may not realize any long-term benefit . as a result , we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future . during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , our revenue was $ 161.6 million , $ 83.3 million and $ 33.7 million , representing year-over-year growth of 94 % , 148 % and 186 % , respectively . our net losses were $ 120.6 million $ 35.8 million and $ 16.8 million during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively . during the year ended december 31 , 2012 , approximately 80 % , 8 % and 8 % of our revenue came from the united states , asia pacific and japan ( apac ) , and europe , the middle east and africa ( emea ) , respectively . during the year ended december 31 , 2013 , approximately 72 % , 10 % and 14 % of our revenue came from the united states , apac and emea , respectively . in september 2013 , we closed our initial public offering , or ipo , in which we sold 17,450,000 shares of common stock ( inclusive of 2,275,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters ) . the public offering price of the shares sold in the ipo was $ 20.00 per share . the total gross proceeds from the offering were $ 349.0 million . after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses , the aggregate net proceeds received by us totaled approximately $ 321.0 million . on december 30 , 2013 , we acquired privately held mandiant corporation , or mandiant , the leading provider of advanced endpoint security products and security incident response management solutions . we believe this combination creates the industry 's leading advanced threat protection vendor with the ability to detect , prevent and resolve cyber attacks at every stage of the attack life cycle . under the terms of the merger agreement governing the transaction , we delivered to the former security holders of mandiant merger consideration with an aggregate value equal to approximately $ 1,020.3 million , consisting of approximately $ 106.5 million in net cash and an aggregate of 21.5 million shares and options to purchase shares of our common stock . the results of operations of mandiant have been included in our consolidated statements of operations since december 30 , 2013 , the acquisition date . the balance sheet as of december 31 , 2013 reflects items assumed from the mandiant acquisition . we believe that the growth of our business and our short and long term success are dependent upon many factors , including our ability to extend our technology leadership , grow our base of end-customers , expand deployment of our platform within existing end-customers , and focus on end-customer satisfaction . while these areas present significant opportunities for us , they also pose challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to sustain the growth of our business and improve our operating results . we have experienced rapid growth and increased demand for our products over the last few years . to manage any future growth effectively , we must continue to improve and expand our information technology and financial infrastructure , our operating and administrative systems and controls , and our ability to manage headcount , capital , and processes in an efficient manner . additionally , we face intense competition in our market , and to succeed , we need to innovate and offer products that are differentiated from existing infrastructure products , as well as effectively hire , retain , train , and motivate qualified personnel and senior management . if we are unable to successfully address these challenges , our business , operating results , and prospects could be adversely affected . for a description of factors that may impact our future performance , see the disclosure below under “ —factors affecting our performance . ” our business model we generate revenue from sales of our products , subscriptions and services . our product revenue consists primarily of revenue from the sale of our threat prevention portfolio of software-based appliances , consisting of our web threat prevention , email threat prevention and file threat prevention , as well as sales of our forensic analysis system and central management system appliances . we offer this portfolio as a complete solution to protect the various entry points of a customer 's network from the next generation of cyber attacks . because the typical customer 's network has more web entry points to protect than email and file entry points , customers that purchase our threat prevention portfolio generally purchase more web threat prevention appliances than email or file threat prevention appliances . as a result , web threat prevention accounts for the largest portion of our threat prevention product revenue . in addition , because most malicious attacks occur through the web threat vector , smaller customers and customers who do not have the budget to purchase the full threat prevention portfolio often only purchase web threat prevention . story_separator_special_tag we have historically invested our cash in money-market funds and other short-term , investment-grade investments . we expect interest income to vary each reporting period depending on our average investment balances during the period , types and mix of investments and market interest rates . interest expense interest expense consists of interest on our outstanding debt . see note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on form 10-k for more information about our debt . other expense , net other expense , net consists primarily of the change in fair value of our preferred stock warrant liability and gains or losses on disposal of fixed assets . convertible preferred stock warrants are classified as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets and remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date with the corresponding change recorded as other expense . upon the completion of our initial public offering , the liability was reclassified to stockholders ' equity , at which time it was no longer subject to fair value accounting . provision for ( benefit from ) income taxes provision for ( benefit from ) income taxes consists primarily of u.s. federal and state income taxes in the united states and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business . our effective tax rate for the year ended december 31 , 2013 was different from the u.s. statutory tax rate applied to our pretax loss primarily due to tax benefits from the valuation allowance release on u.s. deferred tax assets offset by different tax rates in foreign jurisdictions which are indefinitely reinvested . our effective tax rate for the years ended december 31 , 2012 and 2011 was different than the u.s. statutory tax rate primarily due to the valuation allowance on our u.s. deferred tax assets . 51 results of operations the following tables summarize our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of our total revenue for those periods . the period-to-period comparison of results is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods . replace_table_token_9_th 52 replace_table_token_10_th comparison of the years ended december 31 , 2013 and 2012 revenue replace_table_token_11_th total revenue increased by $ 78.2 million , or 94 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 . the increase in product revenue was primarily driven by growth in our installed base of customers , which grew from 927 as of december 31 , 2012 to 1,964 as of december 31 , 2013 , as well as follow-on purchases from customers expanding their initial deployments of our product portfolio . our web threat prevention product continued to account for the largest portion of our product revenue as customers that purchase our product portfolio generally purchase more web threat prevention appliances than email threat prevention or file threat prevention appliances , reflecting the fact that their networks typically have more web entry points than email or file entry points to protect . in addition , revenue associated with our web threat prevention product is recognized upon shipment whereas revenue associated with our email threat prevention product is recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual term or the estimated period the customer is expected to benefit from the product . 53 revenue from the amortization of deferred subscription and services revenue related to initial customer purchases was $ 55.1 million and $ 25.1 million for the years ended december 31 , 2013 and 2012 , respectively . revenue from the amortization of deferred subscription and services revenue related to renewals was $ 18.0 million and $ 6.0 million for the years ended december 31 , 2013 and 2012 , respectively . given our high renewal rate and increasing base of customers , we expect revenue from the amortization of deferred s ubscription and services revenue related to renewals to increase as a percentage of our total revenue from deferred subscription and services revenue . our renewal rate for subscription and services agreements expiring in the 12 months ended december 31 , 2013 was in excess of 90 % . international revenue increased $ 28.1 million , or 167 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 , which reflects our increasing presence international markets . cost of revenue and gross margin replace_table_token_12_th total cost of revenue increased $ 30.1 million , or 171 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 . the increase in cost of product revenue was driven primarily by an increase in product revenue and an increase in personnel costs in our manufacturing operations department as we continue to add capacity and built out our global supply chain . the increase in cost of subscription and services revenue was driven primarily by increased personnel costs in customer support . gross margin decreased for the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 . the decrease in product gross margin was driven primarily by our increased investment in our manufacturing operations to increase capacity . the decrease in subscription and services gross margin was due primarily to an increase in our investment in customer support personnel and infrastructure . operating expenses replace_table_token_13_th research and development 54 research and development expense increased $ 49.5 million , or 300 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 , primarily due to a $ 24.3 million increase in personnel costs a nd a $ 1.3 million increase in related consulting costs as we increased our headcount and consultants to support continued investment in our future product and service offerings and a $ 2.9 million increase in nonrecurring engineering activities . additionally , overhead allocations and depreciation related to capital expenditures for departmental expansion

cash and cash equivalents $ 173,918 $ 60,200 replace_table_token_24_th as of december 31 , 2013 , our cash and cash equivalents of $ 173.9 million were held for working capital , capital expenditures , investment in technology and business acquisition purposes , of which approximately $ 16.0 million was held outside of the united states and is not presently available to fund domestic operations and obligations . if we were to repatriate cash held outside of the united states , it could be subject to u.s. income taxes , less any previously paid foreign income taxes . the company has no current plans to repatriate this cash . prior to our initial public offering ( `` ipo '' ) in september 2013 , we financed our operations primarily through private sales of equity securities and , to a lesser extent , proceeds from our bank facility and cash generated from operations . in september 2013 , we completed our ipo pursuant to which we sold 17,450,000 shares of our common stock ( inclusive of 2,275,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters ) at a public offering price of $ 20 .00 per share , resulting in net proceeds of $ 321.4 million , after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses . on december 30 , 2013 , we acquired privately held mandiant , a leading provider of advanced endpoint security products and security incident response management solutions . we believe this combination creates the industry 's leading advanced threat protection vendor with the ability to find and stop attacks at every stage of the attack life cycle . under the terms of the merger agreement governing the transaction , we delivered to the former security holders of mandiant merger consideration with an aggregate value equal to approximately $ 1.02 billion , consisting of approximately $ 106.5 million in net cash and an aggregate of 21.5 million shares and options to purchase shares of our common stock .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash and cash equivalents $ 173,918 $ 60,200 replace_table_token_24_th as of december 31 , 2013 , our cash and cash equivalents of $ 173.9 million were held for working capital , capital expenditures , investment in technology and business acquisition purposes , of which approximately $ 16.0 million was held outside of the united states and is not presently available to fund domestic operations and obligations . if we were to repatriate cash held outside of the united states , it could be subject to u.s. income taxes , less any previously paid foreign income taxes . the company has no current plans to repatriate this cash . prior to our initial public offering ( `` ipo '' ) in september 2013 , we financed our operations primarily through private sales of equity securities and , to a lesser extent , proceeds from our bank facility and cash generated from operations . in september 2013 , we completed our ipo pursuant to which we sold 17,450,000 shares of our common stock ( inclusive of 2,275,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters ) at a public offering price of $ 20 .00 per share , resulting in net proceeds of $ 321.4 million , after underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses . on december 30 , 2013 , we acquired privately held mandiant , a leading provider of advanced endpoint security products and security incident response management solutions . we believe this combination creates the industry 's leading advanced threat protection vendor with the ability to find and stop attacks at every stage of the attack life cycle . under the terms of the merger agreement governing the transaction , we delivered to the former security holders of mandiant merger consideration with an aggregate value equal to approximately $ 1.02 billion , consisting of approximately $ 106.5 million in net cash and an aggregate of 21.5 million shares and options to purchase shares of our common stock .
```    
 Suspicious Activity Report : due to our continuing investments to scale our business , particularly internationally , reorganize our corporate structure for improved tax efficiency , pursue new opportunities , enhance our product functionality , introduce new products and build upon our technology leadership in advance of , and in preparation for , our expected increase in sales and expansion of our customer base , we are continuing to incur expenses in the near term for which we may not realize any long-term benefit . as a result , we do not expect to be profitable for the foreseeable future . during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , our revenue was $ 161.6 million , $ 83.3 million and $ 33.7 million , representing year-over-year growth of 94 % , 148 % and 186 % , respectively . our net losses were $ 120.6 million $ 35.8 million and $ 16.8 million during the years ended december 31 , 2013 , 2012 and 2011 , respectively . during the year ended december 31 , 2012 , approximately 80 % , 8 % and 8 % of our revenue came from the united states , asia pacific and japan ( apac ) , and europe , the middle east and africa ( emea ) , respectively . during the year ended december 31 , 2013 , approximately 72 % , 10 % and 14 % of our revenue came from the united states , apac and emea , respectively . in september 2013 , we closed our initial public offering , or ipo , in which we sold 17,450,000 shares of common stock ( inclusive of 2,275,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters ) . the public offering price of the shares sold in the ipo was $ 20.00 per share . the total gross proceeds from the offering were $ 349.0 million . after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses , the aggregate net proceeds received by us totaled approximately $ 321.0 million . on december 30 , 2013 , we acquired privately held mandiant corporation , or mandiant , the leading provider of advanced endpoint security products and security incident response management solutions . we believe this combination creates the industry 's leading advanced threat protection vendor with the ability to detect , prevent and resolve cyber attacks at every stage of the attack life cycle . under the terms of the merger agreement governing the transaction , we delivered to the former security holders of mandiant merger consideration with an aggregate value equal to approximately $ 1,020.3 million , consisting of approximately $ 106.5 million in net cash and an aggregate of 21.5 million shares and options to purchase shares of our common stock . the results of operations of mandiant have been included in our consolidated statements of operations since december 30 , 2013 , the acquisition date . the balance sheet as of december 31 , 2013 reflects items assumed from the mandiant acquisition . we believe that the growth of our business and our short and long term success are dependent upon many factors , including our ability to extend our technology leadership , grow our base of end-customers , expand deployment of our platform within existing end-customers , and focus on end-customer satisfaction . while these areas present significant opportunities for us , they also pose challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to sustain the growth of our business and improve our operating results . we have experienced rapid growth and increased demand for our products over the last few years . to manage any future growth effectively , we must continue to improve and expand our information technology and financial infrastructure , our operating and administrative systems and controls , and our ability to manage headcount , capital , and processes in an efficient manner . additionally , we face intense competition in our market , and to succeed , we need to innovate and offer products that are differentiated from existing infrastructure products , as well as effectively hire , retain , train , and motivate qualified personnel and senior management . if we are unable to successfully address these challenges , our business , operating results , and prospects could be adversely affected . for a description of factors that may impact our future performance , see the disclosure below under “ —factors affecting our performance . ” our business model we generate revenue from sales of our products , subscriptions and services . our product revenue consists primarily of revenue from the sale of our threat prevention portfolio of software-based appliances , consisting of our web threat prevention , email threat prevention and file threat prevention , as well as sales of our forensic analysis system and central management system appliances . we offer this portfolio as a complete solution to protect the various entry points of a customer 's network from the next generation of cyber attacks . because the typical customer 's network has more web entry points to protect than email and file entry points , customers that purchase our threat prevention portfolio generally purchase more web threat prevention appliances than email or file threat prevention appliances . as a result , web threat prevention accounts for the largest portion of our threat prevention product revenue . in addition , because most malicious attacks occur through the web threat vector , smaller customers and customers who do not have the budget to purchase the full threat prevention portfolio often only purchase web threat prevention . story_separator_special_tag we have historically invested our cash in money-market funds and other short-term , investment-grade investments . we expect interest income to vary each reporting period depending on our average investment balances during the period , types and mix of investments and market interest rates . interest expense interest expense consists of interest on our outstanding debt . see note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report on form 10-k for more information about our debt . other expense , net other expense , net consists primarily of the change in fair value of our preferred stock warrant liability and gains or losses on disposal of fixed assets . convertible preferred stock warrants are classified as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets and remeasured to fair value at each balance sheet date with the corresponding change recorded as other expense . upon the completion of our initial public offering , the liability was reclassified to stockholders ' equity , at which time it was no longer subject to fair value accounting . provision for ( benefit from ) income taxes provision for ( benefit from ) income taxes consists primarily of u.s. federal and state income taxes in the united states and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business . our effective tax rate for the year ended december 31 , 2013 was different from the u.s. statutory tax rate applied to our pretax loss primarily due to tax benefits from the valuation allowance release on u.s. deferred tax assets offset by different tax rates in foreign jurisdictions which are indefinitely reinvested . our effective tax rate for the years ended december 31 , 2012 and 2011 was different than the u.s. statutory tax rate primarily due to the valuation allowance on our u.s. deferred tax assets . 51 results of operations the following tables summarize our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of our total revenue for those periods . the period-to-period comparison of results is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods . replace_table_token_9_th 52 replace_table_token_10_th comparison of the years ended december 31 , 2013 and 2012 revenue replace_table_token_11_th total revenue increased by $ 78.2 million , or 94 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 . the increase in product revenue was primarily driven by growth in our installed base of customers , which grew from 927 as of december 31 , 2012 to 1,964 as of december 31 , 2013 , as well as follow-on purchases from customers expanding their initial deployments of our product portfolio . our web threat prevention product continued to account for the largest portion of our product revenue as customers that purchase our product portfolio generally purchase more web threat prevention appliances than email threat prevention or file threat prevention appliances , reflecting the fact that their networks typically have more web entry points than email or file entry points to protect . in addition , revenue associated with our web threat prevention product is recognized upon shipment whereas revenue associated with our email threat prevention product is recognized ratably over the longer of the contractual term or the estimated period the customer is expected to benefit from the product . 53 revenue from the amortization of deferred subscription and services revenue related to initial customer purchases was $ 55.1 million and $ 25.1 million for the years ended december 31 , 2013 and 2012 , respectively . revenue from the amortization of deferred subscription and services revenue related to renewals was $ 18.0 million and $ 6.0 million for the years ended december 31 , 2013 and 2012 , respectively . given our high renewal rate and increasing base of customers , we expect revenue from the amortization of deferred s ubscription and services revenue related to renewals to increase as a percentage of our total revenue from deferred subscription and services revenue . our renewal rate for subscription and services agreements expiring in the 12 months ended december 31 , 2013 was in excess of 90 % . international revenue increased $ 28.1 million , or 167 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 , which reflects our increasing presence international markets . cost of revenue and gross margin replace_table_token_12_th total cost of revenue increased $ 30.1 million , or 171 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 . the increase in cost of product revenue was driven primarily by an increase in product revenue and an increase in personnel costs in our manufacturing operations department as we continue to add capacity and built out our global supply chain . the increase in cost of subscription and services revenue was driven primarily by increased personnel costs in customer support . gross margin decreased for the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 . the decrease in product gross margin was driven primarily by our increased investment in our manufacturing operations to increase capacity . the decrease in subscription and services gross margin was due primarily to an increase in our investment in customer support personnel and infrastructure . operating expenses replace_table_token_13_th research and development 54 research and development expense increased $ 49.5 million , or 300 % , during the year ended december 31 , 2013 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2012 , primarily due to a $ 24.3 million increase in personnel costs a nd a $ 1.3 million increase in related consulting costs as we increased our headcount and consultants to support continued investment in our future product and service offerings and a $ 2.9 million increase in nonrecurring engineering activities . additionally , overhead allocations and depreciation related to capital expenditures for departmental expansion

