we announced a new licensing agreement with the medicines patent pool ( mpp ) , a united nations-backed public health organization , to expand access to bic . through this agreement , mpp can sub-license rights to bic to generic drug companies in india , china and south africa to manufacture therapies containing bic for distribution in certain low- and middle-income countries . china food and drug administration approved sovaldi for the treatment of hcv infection . sovaldi was approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents ( aged 12 to 18 years ) infected with hcv genotypes 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 as a component of a combination antiviral treatment regimen . sovaldi is our first hcv medicine approved in china . fda approved expanded labeling for epclusa , the first all-oral , pan-genotypic , once-daily single tablet regimen for the treatment of adults with hcv infection , to include use in patients co-infected with hiv . european commission extended marketing authorization for harvoni to include the treatment of hcv infection in adolescents infected with genotype 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6. harvoni is the first daa regimen to receive marketing authorization in the european union extended for use in the adolescent population . 42 fda approved supplemental indications for harvoni and sovaldi for the treatment of hcv infection in adolescents without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis , 12 years of age and older , or weighing at least 35 kilograms . harvoni was approved for pediatric patients with genotype 1 , 4 , 5 or 6 hcv infection . sovaldi was approved for pediatric patients with genotype 2 or 3 hcv infection , in combination with ribavirin . acquisitions in october 2017 , we completed a tender offer for all of the outstanding common stock of kite pharma , inc. ( kite ) for $ 180 per share in cash , or approximately $ 11.2 billion , excluding approximately $ 0.7 billion relating to the portion of the replaced stock-based awards attributable to the post combination period . we financed the transaction with $ 3.0 billion aggregate principal amount in senior unsecured notes issued in september 2017 , a $ 6.0 billion aggregate principal amount term loan facility credit agreement entered into in september 2017 and drawn in october 2017 , of which $ 1.5 billion was repaid in december 2017 , as well as cash on hand . kite 's cell therapies express either a chimeric antigen receptor ( car ) or an engineered t cell receptor , depending on the type of cancer . the acquisition resulted in kite becoming our wholly-owned subsidiary and established us as a leader in cellular therapy . through the kite acquisition , we acquired axicabtagene ciloleucel , a car t cell therapy . in october 2017 , we received approval from fda for axicabtagene ciloleucel , now known commercially as yescarta , making it the first car t cell therapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large b-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy , which includes diffuse large b-cell lymphoma , transformed follicular lymphoma and primary mediastinal b-cell lymphoma . we have also filed a marketing authorization application for axicabtagene ciloleucel for the treatment of the same indications with ema , representing the first known submission in europe for a car t cell therapy . approval in europe is expected in the first half of 2018 , although there can be no assurance that we will receive such approval on a timely basis or at all . in addition to axicabtagene ciloleucel , we also acquired therapy candidates in clinical trials in both hematologic cancers and solid tumors , including kite-585 , a car t cell therapy candidate that targets b-cell maturation antigen expressed in multiple myeloma . in december 2017 , we acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of cell design labs , inc. ( cell design labs ) , a privately held company , which was in addition to the approximately 12.2 % of shares in cell design labs we obtained in the acquisition of kite . with this acquisition , we gained new technology platforms that will enhance research and development efforts in cellular therapy . see note 5 , acquisitions of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in item 8 of this annual report on form 10-k for additional information regarding the acquisition of kite and cell design labs . 2017 financial highlights during 2017 , total revenues decreased to $ 26.1 billion and total product sales decreased to $ 25.7 billion , compared to $ 30.4 billion and $ 30.0 billion in 2016 , respectively , primarily due to the competitive dynamics of the hcv market , which lowered sales of our hcv products , partially offset by higher sales of our hiv products . in the united states , product sales were $ 18.1 billion in 2017 , compared to $ 19.3 billion in 2016 . in europe , product sales were $ 5.0 billion in 2017 , compared to $ 6.1 billion in 2016 . sales in other international locations were $ 2.6 billion in 2017 , compared to $ 4.6 billion in 2016 . research and development ( r & d ) expenses decreased 27 % to $ 3.7 billion for 2017 compared to 2016 , primarily due to the 2016 impacts of business development activities resulting in up-front collaboration expense related to our license and collaboration agreement with galapagos nv ( galapagos ) and acquired in-process r & d ( ipr & d ) expense related to our purchase of nimbus apollo , inc. ( nimbus ) , ipr & d impairment charges and ongoing milestone payments , partially offset by acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of cell design labs in 2017. selling , general and administrative ( sg & a ) expenses increased 14 % to story_separator_special_tag tdf-based regimens - stribild , complera/eviplera , atripla , truvada and viread product sales of these tdf-based regimens were $ 8.0 billion , $ 10.7 billion and $ 11.0 billion in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively , and accounted for 34 % , 39 % and 36 % of our total antiviral product sales for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively . in 2017 , product sales were $ 5.3 billion in the united states , $ 1.9 billion in europe and $ 805 million in other international locations . in 2016 , product sales were $ 7.2 billion in the united states , $ 2.6 billion in europe and $ 882 million in other international locations . in 2015 , product sales were $ 7.1 billion in the united states , $ 3.0 billion in europe and $ 881 million in other international locations . in the united states , the decreases in 2017 compared to 2016 were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our taf-based regimens , partially offset by the increased usage of truvada for prep . in europe , the decreases in 2017 compared to 2016 were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the availability of generic viread and truvada in several countries and the continued uptake of our taf-based regimens . in the united states , the increases in 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily due to a favorable revision to our rebate reserves of $ 312 million relating to stribild and complera in the third quarter of 2016. in europe , the decreases in 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our taf-based regimens . royalty , contract and other revenues the following table summarizes the period over period changes in our royalty , contract and other revenues : replace_table_token_6_th 47 royalty , contract and other revenues in 2017 were up slightly compared to the same period in 2016 , and decreased by 10 % in 2016 , compared to $ 488 million in 2015 . the decrease in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to royalty revenues from f. hoffman-la roche ltd for sales of tamiflu . cost of goods sold and product gross margin the following table summarizes the period over period changes in our product sales , cost of goods sold and product gross margin : replace_table_token_7_th the decreases in our product gross margin in 2017 compared to 2016 and in 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily due to changes in product mix , as our hcv product sales decreased as a percentage of total product sales . research and development expenses the following table summarizes the period over period changes in r & d expenses : replace_table_token_8_th r & d expenses summarized above consisted primarily of clinical studies performed by contract research organizations , materials and supplies , licenses and fees , up-front payments under collaboration agreements , milestone payments , personnel costs , including salaries , benefits and stock-based compensation and overhead allocations consisting of various support and facilities-related costs . we do not track total r & d expenses by product candidate , therapeutic area or development phase . however , we manage our r & d expenses by identifying the r & d activities we anticipate will be performed during a given period and then prioritizing efforts based on scientific data , probability of successful development , market potential , available human and capital resources and other considerations . we continually review our r & d pipeline and the status of development and , as necessary , reallocate resources among the r & d portfolio that we believe will best support the future growth of our business . the following table provides a breakout of r & d expenses by major cost type : replace_table_token_9_th in 2017 , r & d expenses decreased $ 1.4 billion or 27 % , compared to 2016 , primarily due to the 2016 impacts of business development activities resulting in up-front collaboration expense related to our license and collaboration agreement with galapagos and acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of nimbus , ipr & d impairment charges and ongoing milestone payments , partially offset by acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of cell design labs in 2017. in 2016 , r & d expenses increased $ 2.1 billion or 69 % , compared to 2015 , primarily due to the overall progression of clinical studies , including ongoing milestone payments , our purchase of an fda priority review voucher , up-front collaboration expenses related to our license and collaboration agreement with galapagos and acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of nimbus . ipr & d impairment charges were a result of termination of clinical development for momelotinib and simtuzumab . 48 selling , general and administrative expenses the following table summarizes the period over period changes in sg & a expenses : replace_table_token_10_th sg & a expenses relate to sales and marketing , finance , human resources , legal and other administrative activities . expenses consist primarily of personnel costs , facilities and overhead costs , outside marketing , advertising and legal expenses , and other general and administrative costs . sg & a expenses also include the bpd fee . in the united states , we , along with other pharmaceutical manufacturers of branded drug products , are required to pay a portion of the bpd fee , which is estimated based on select government sales during each calendar year as a percentage of total industry government sales and is trued-up upon receipt of invoices from the internal revenue service ( irs ) . in 2017 , sg & a expenses increased $ 480 million or 14 % compared to 2016 , primarily due to costs associated with our acquisition of kite ,

liquidity and capital resources we believe that our existing capital resources , supplemented by our cash flows generated from operating activities will be adequate to satisfy our capital needs for the foreseeable future . the following table summarizes our cash , cash equivalents , and marketable securities and working capital ( in millions ) : replace_table_token_11_th cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $ 36.7 billion at december 31 , 2017 , an increase of $ 4.3 billion or 13 % when compared to $ 32.4 billion at december 31 , 2016 . during 2017 , we generated $ 11.9 billion in operating cash flow and in connection with our acquisition of kite , we issued $ 3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes and entered into and drew on a $ 6.0 billion aggregate principal amount term loan facility credit agreement , of which $ 1.5 billion was repaid in december 2017. additionally , we paid cash dividends of $ 2.7 billion and utilized $ 954 million on stock repurchases . see note 5 , acquisitions of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in item 8 of this annual report on form 10-k for additional details on our acquisition of kite .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```liquidity and capital resources we believe that our existing capital resources , supplemented by our cash flows generated from operating activities will be adequate to satisfy our capital needs for the foreseeable future . the following table summarizes our cash , cash equivalents , and marketable securities and working capital ( in millions ) : replace_table_token_11_th cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $ 36.7 billion at december 31 , 2017 , an increase of $ 4.3 billion or 13 % when compared to $ 32.4 billion at december 31 , 2016 . during 2017 , we generated $ 11.9 billion in operating cash flow and in connection with our acquisition of kite , we issued $ 3.0 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes and entered into and drew on a $ 6.0 billion aggregate principal amount term loan facility credit agreement , of which $ 1.5 billion was repaid in december 2017. additionally , we paid cash dividends of $ 2.7 billion and utilized $ 954 million on stock repurchases . see note 5 , acquisitions of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in item 8 of this annual report on form 10-k for additional details on our acquisition of kite .
```    
 Suspicious Activity Report : we announced a new licensing agreement with the medicines patent pool ( mpp ) , a united nations-backed public health organization , to expand access to bic . through this agreement , mpp can sub-license rights to bic to generic drug companies in india , china and south africa to manufacture therapies containing bic for distribution in certain low- and middle-income countries . china food and drug administration approved sovaldi for the treatment of hcv infection . sovaldi was approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents ( aged 12 to 18 years ) infected with hcv genotypes 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6 as a component of a combination antiviral treatment regimen . sovaldi is our first hcv medicine approved in china . fda approved expanded labeling for epclusa , the first all-oral , pan-genotypic , once-daily single tablet regimen for the treatment of adults with hcv infection , to include use in patients co-infected with hiv . european commission extended marketing authorization for harvoni to include the treatment of hcv infection in adolescents infected with genotype 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 or 6. harvoni is the first daa regimen to receive marketing authorization in the european union extended for use in the adolescent population . 42 fda approved supplemental indications for harvoni and sovaldi for the treatment of hcv infection in adolescents without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis , 12 years of age and older , or weighing at least 35 kilograms . harvoni was approved for pediatric patients with genotype 1 , 4 , 5 or 6 hcv infection . sovaldi was approved for pediatric patients with genotype 2 or 3 hcv infection , in combination with ribavirin . acquisitions in october 2017 , we completed a tender offer for all of the outstanding common stock of kite pharma , inc. ( kite ) for $ 180 per share in cash , or approximately $ 11.2 billion , excluding approximately $ 0.7 billion relating to the portion of the replaced stock-based awards attributable to the post combination period . we financed the transaction with $ 3.0 billion aggregate principal amount in senior unsecured notes issued in september 2017 , a $ 6.0 billion aggregate principal amount term loan facility credit agreement entered into in september 2017 and drawn in october 2017 , of which $ 1.5 billion was repaid in december 2017 , as well as cash on hand . kite 's cell therapies express either a chimeric antigen receptor ( car ) or an engineered t cell receptor , depending on the type of cancer . the acquisition resulted in kite becoming our wholly-owned subsidiary and established us as a leader in cellular therapy . through the kite acquisition , we acquired axicabtagene ciloleucel , a car t cell therapy . in october 2017 , we received approval from fda for axicabtagene ciloleucel , now known commercially as yescarta , making it the first car t cell therapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large b-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy , which includes diffuse large b-cell lymphoma , transformed follicular lymphoma and primary mediastinal b-cell lymphoma . we have also filed a marketing authorization application for axicabtagene ciloleucel for the treatment of the same indications with ema , representing the first known submission in europe for a car t cell therapy . approval in europe is expected in the first half of 2018 , although there can be no assurance that we will receive such approval on a timely basis or at all . in addition to axicabtagene ciloleucel , we also acquired therapy candidates in clinical trials in both hematologic cancers and solid tumors , including kite-585 , a car t cell therapy candidate that targets b-cell maturation antigen expressed in multiple myeloma . in december 2017 , we acquired all of the issued and outstanding stock of cell design labs , inc. ( cell design labs ) , a privately held company , which was in addition to the approximately 12.2 % of shares in cell design labs we obtained in the acquisition of kite . with this acquisition , we gained new technology platforms that will enhance research and development efforts in cellular therapy . see note 5 , acquisitions of the notes to consolidated financial statements included in item 8 of this annual report on form 10-k for additional information regarding the acquisition of kite and cell design labs . 2017 financial highlights during 2017 , total revenues decreased to $ 26.1 billion and total product sales decreased to $ 25.7 billion , compared to $ 30.4 billion and $ 30.0 billion in 2016 , respectively , primarily due to the competitive dynamics of the hcv market , which lowered sales of our hcv products , partially offset by higher sales of our hiv products . in the united states , product sales were $ 18.1 billion in 2017 , compared to $ 19.3 billion in 2016 . in europe , product sales were $ 5.0 billion in 2017 , compared to $ 6.1 billion in 2016 . sales in other international locations were $ 2.6 billion in 2017 , compared to $ 4.6 billion in 2016 . research and development ( r & d ) expenses decreased 27 % to $ 3.7 billion for 2017 compared to 2016 , primarily due to the 2016 impacts of business development activities resulting in up-front collaboration expense related to our license and collaboration agreement with galapagos nv ( galapagos ) and acquired in-process r & d ( ipr & d ) expense related to our purchase of nimbus apollo , inc. ( nimbus ) , ipr & d impairment charges and ongoing milestone payments , partially offset by acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of cell design labs in 2017. selling , general and administrative ( sg & a ) expenses increased 14 % to story_separator_special_tag tdf-based regimens - stribild , complera/eviplera , atripla , truvada and viread product sales of these tdf-based regimens were $ 8.0 billion , $ 10.7 billion and $ 11.0 billion in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively , and accounted for 34 % , 39 % and 36 % of our total antiviral product sales for 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively . in 2017 , product sales were $ 5.3 billion in the united states , $ 1.9 billion in europe and $ 805 million in other international locations . in 2016 , product sales were $ 7.2 billion in the united states , $ 2.6 billion in europe and $ 882 million in other international locations . in 2015 , product sales were $ 7.1 billion in the united states , $ 3.0 billion in europe and $ 881 million in other international locations . in the united states , the decreases in 2017 compared to 2016 were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our taf-based regimens , partially offset by the increased usage of truvada for prep . in europe , the decreases in 2017 compared to 2016 were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the availability of generic viread and truvada in several countries and the continued uptake of our taf-based regimens . in the united states , the increases in 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily due to a favorable revision to our rebate reserves of $ 312 million relating to stribild and complera in the third quarter of 2016. in europe , the decreases in 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily due to lower sales volume as a result of the continued uptake of our taf-based regimens . royalty , contract and other revenues the following table summarizes the period over period changes in our royalty , contract and other revenues : replace_table_token_6_th 47 royalty , contract and other revenues in 2017 were up slightly compared to the same period in 2016 , and decreased by 10 % in 2016 , compared to $ 488 million in 2015 . the decrease in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to royalty revenues from f. hoffman-la roche ltd for sales of tamiflu . cost of goods sold and product gross margin the following table summarizes the period over period changes in our product sales , cost of goods sold and product gross margin : replace_table_token_7_th the decreases in our product gross margin in 2017 compared to 2016 and in 2016 compared to 2015 were primarily due to changes in product mix , as our hcv product sales decreased as a percentage of total product sales . research and development expenses the following table summarizes the period over period changes in r & d expenses : replace_table_token_8_th r & d expenses summarized above consisted primarily of clinical studies performed by contract research organizations , materials and supplies , licenses and fees , up-front payments under collaboration agreements , milestone payments , personnel costs , including salaries , benefits and stock-based compensation and overhead allocations consisting of various support and facilities-related costs . we do not track total r & d expenses by product candidate , therapeutic area or development phase . however , we manage our r & d expenses by identifying the r & d activities we anticipate will be performed during a given period and then prioritizing efforts based on scientific data , probability of successful development , market potential , available human and capital resources and other considerations . we continually review our r & d pipeline and the status of development and , as necessary , reallocate resources among the r & d portfolio that we believe will best support the future growth of our business . the following table provides a breakout of r & d expenses by major cost type : replace_table_token_9_th in 2017 , r & d expenses decreased $ 1.4 billion or 27 % , compared to 2016 , primarily due to the 2016 impacts of business development activities resulting in up-front collaboration expense related to our license and collaboration agreement with galapagos and acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of nimbus , ipr & d impairment charges and ongoing milestone payments , partially offset by acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of cell design labs in 2017. in 2016 , r & d expenses increased $ 2.1 billion or 69 % , compared to 2015 , primarily due to the overall progression of clinical studies , including ongoing milestone payments , our purchase of an fda priority review voucher , up-front collaboration expenses related to our license and collaboration agreement with galapagos and acquired ipr & d expense related to our purchase of nimbus . ipr & d impairment charges were a result of termination of clinical development for momelotinib and simtuzumab . 48 selling , general and administrative expenses the following table summarizes the period over period changes in sg & a expenses : replace_table_token_10_th sg & a expenses relate to sales and marketing , finance , human resources , legal and other administrative activities . expenses consist primarily of personnel costs , facilities and overhead costs , outside marketing , advertising and legal expenses , and other general and administrative costs . sg & a expenses also include the bpd fee . in the united states , we , along with other pharmaceutical manufacturers of branded drug products , are required to pay a portion of the bpd fee , which is estimated based on select government sales during each calendar year as a percentage of total industry government sales and is trued-up upon receipt of invoices from the internal revenue service ( irs ) . in 2017 , sg & a expenses increased $ 480 million or 14 % compared to 2016 , primarily due to costs associated with our acquisition of kite ,

