subscription revenue , software revenue and total revenue were all up over fiscal 2017 , despite an 800 basis point increase in subscription mix year over year . recurring software revenue represented approximately 90 % of our software revenue in 2018 , up from 86 % a year ago . our revenue results also drove our operating margin improvements for the year . despite increases in sales and marketing and research and development expenses , operating margins and eps were up over the prior year . our cad and plm businesses performed well in the year , our iot business continued to grow as we added new customers and existing customers expanded their implementations , and interest in our augmented reality solutions increased . we made important strides in extending our market reach and further differentiating our technology with strategic relationships we entered into in 2018 , including those with rockwell automation , microsoft and ansys . 17 replace_table_token_1_th the increase in total revenue , subscription revenue and eps reflects our transformation into a subscription software company . as our mix of subscription sales relative to perpetual license sales has increased , perpetual license revenue and support revenue have declined . our 2018 revenue results include the impact of a settlement of a customer dispute concerning a professional services receivable . the settlement , reached in september 2018 , included partial payment of the receivable and new software purchases . the net revenue write-down recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $ 9.3 million , comprised of a $ 14.5 million services revenue write-down , partially offset by subscription revenue of $ 5.2 million . additionally , professional services revenue has declined in accordance with our strategy to migrate more services engagements to our partners and to deliver products that require less consulting and training services . the increase in subscription revenue relative to perpetual license revenue has resulted in an increase in our recurring software revenue , with approximately 90 % of our software revenue and 79 % of our total revenue in 2018 from recurring software revenue streams , compared to 86 % and 73 % in 2017 and 82 % and 68 % in 2016 . 18 year ended september 30 , earnings measures 2018 2017 change operating margin 5.9 % 3.5 % 68 % earnings per share $ 0.44 $ 0.05 780 % non-gaap operating margin ( 1 ) 18.4 % 16.1 % 14 % non-gaap eps ( 1 ) $ 1.45 $ 1.17 24 % ( 1 ) non-gaap measures are reconciled to gaap results under results of operations - non-gaap measures below . gaap and non-gaap operating income in 2018 reflect maturity of our subscription program . an increase in gross margin is associated with higher subscription revenue and a lower mix of professional services revenue , which has lower margins than our software revenue . the increase in gross margins was partially offset by higher sales and marketing and research and development costs . our gaap and non-gaap earnings reflect a combination of revenue growth due to the strength of our subscription model and strong new bookings , as well as continued cost and expense discipline . we ended 2018 with cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities of $ 316 million , down from $ 330 million at the end of 2017. we generated $ 248 million of cash from operations in 2018 compared to $ 135 million in 2017. in the fourth quarter of 2018 , rockwell automation made a $ 1 billion equity investment in ptc as part of a strategic partnership . using the cash proceeds from this investment , ptc entered into a $ 1,000 million accelerated share repurchase . we also used cash from operations to repurchase another $ 100 million of common stock and to repay a net $ 70 million of borrowings under our credit facility in 2018. at september 30 , 2018 , the balance outstanding under our credit facility was $ 148 million and total debt outstanding was $ 648 million . operating measures we provide these measures to help investors understand the progress of our subscription transition . these measures are not necessarily indicative of revenue for the period or any future period . license and subscription bookings license and subscription bookings for 2018 were $ 466 million , up 11 % over 2017 ( up 9 % on a constant currency basis ) and up 16 % over 2016. over the past two years , cad , core plm and iot have delivered bookings cagrs at the high end of market growth rates , as cad and plm customers have converted existing license contracts to subscriptions and customers have adopted and expanded iot implementations . subscription acv s ubscription acv increased 24 % over 2017 to $ 177 million due to continued adoption of our subscription offerings around the globe . 19 annualized recurring revenue ( arr ) arr was approximat ely $ 1,012 m illion as of the fourth quarter of 2018 , an increase of 12 % compared to the fourth quarter of 2017 and the seventh consecutive quarter of double-digit year-over-year growth . deferred revenue and backlog ( unbilled deferred revenue ) deferred revenue primarily relates to software agreements invoiced to customers for which the revenue has not yet been recognized . unbilled deferred revenue ( backlog ) is the aggregate of booked orders for license , support and subscription ( including multi-year subscription contracts with start dates after october 1 , 2018 that are subject to a limited annual cancellation right , of which approximately $ 50 million was cancellable at september 30 , 2018 ) for which the associated revenue has not been recognized and the customer has not yet been invoiced . we do not record unbilled deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets ; such amounts are recorded as deferred revenue when we invoice the customer . story_separator_special_tag cost of license and subscription revenue replace_table_token_8_th our cost of license and subscription includes cost of license , which consists of fixed and variable costs associated with reproducing and distributing software and documentation , as well as royalties paid to third parties for technology embedded in or licensed with our software products , and amortization of intangible assets associated with acquired products , and cost of subscription , which includes our cost of cloud services and software as a service revenue , including hosting fees . costs associated with providing post-contract support such as providing software updates and technical support for both our subscription offerings and our perpetual licenses are included in cost of support revenue . cost of license and subscription revenue as a percent of license and subscription revenue can vary depending on the subscription mix percentage , the product mix sold , the effect of fixed and variable royalties , headcount and the level of amortization of acquired software intangible assets . costs in 2018 compared to 2017 increased primarily as a result of a $ 3.7 million increase in cloud services hosting costs and a $ 2.5 million increase in total compensation , benefit and travel expense due to increases in salaries . costs in 2017 compared to 2016 increased primarily as a result of a $ 15.0 million increase in total compensation , benefit and travel expense due to increased headcount , primarily associated with supporting our cloud products , and a $ 3.4 million increase in cloud services hosting costs . cost of support revenue replace_table_token_9_th cost of support revenue consists of costs such as salaries , benefits , and computer equipment and facilities associated with customer support and the release of support updates ( including related royalty costs ) associated with providing support for both our perpetual licenses and subscription licenses . costs and expense in 2018 compared to 2017 decreased primarily due to a decrease in headcount resulting in 3 % ( $ 1.9 million ) lower total compensation , benefit and travel costs . 29 costs and expense in 2017 compared to 2016 increased primarily due to a 5 % ( $ 3.1 million ) increase in total compensation , benefit and travel costs . cost of professional services revenue replace_table_token_10_th our cost of professional services revenue includes costs such as salaries , benefits , information technology costs and facilities expenses for our training and consulting personnel , and third-party subcontractor fees . in 2018 compared to 2017 , total compensation , benefit and travel expenses were decreased by $ 6.8 million primarily due to an 8 % decrease in headcount . in 2017 compared to 2016 , total compensation , benefit costs and travel expenses decreased by $ 18.8 million . the cost of third-party consulting services was $ 4.7 million lower in 2017 compared to 2016. as a result of decreases in professional services revenue in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , we have reduced headcount , resulting in lower compensation-related costs . this is in line with our strategy to have our strategic services partners perform services for customers directly , which has decreased revenue and costs and improved services margins . sales and marketing replace_table_token_11_th our sales and marketing expenses primarily include salaries and benefits , sales commissions , advertising and marketing programs , travel , information technology costs and facility expenses . costs and expense in 2018 compared to 2017 increased primarily due to a $ 38.6 million increase in total compensation , benefit costs and travel expenses as a result of increases in headcount , salary increases , higher commissions costs and higher stock-based compensation . in 2017 compared to 2016 , event costs increased $ 3.1 million due to our liveworx event held in may 2017. our compensation , benefits and travel costs were $ 3.5 million lower in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to lower commissions , which were higher in 2016 as a result of significantly higher than planned subscription bookings . 30 research and development replace_table_token_12_th our research and development expenses consist principally of salaries and benefits , information technology costs and facility expenses . major research and development activities include developing new releases and updates of our software that enhance functionality and add features . in 2018 compared to 2017 , total compensation , benefit and travel expenses were higher by 6 % ( $ 12.0 million ) due to an increase in headcount and salary increases . in 2017 compared to 2016 , total compensation , benefit and travel expenses were higher by 3 % ( $ 5.0 million ) due to an increase in headcount and a $ 1.6 million increase in cloud services hosting costs as some product testing has moved to a cloud environment . general and administrative ( g & a ) replace_table_token_13_th our g & a expenses include the costs of our corporate , finance , information technology , human resources , legal and administrative functions , as well as acquisition-related and other transactional charges , bad debt expense and outside professional services , including accounting and legal fees . acquisition-related costs include direct costs of acquisitions and expenses related to acquisition integration activities , including transaction fees , due diligence costs , retention bonuses and severance , and professional fees , including legal and accounting costs , related to the acquisition . in addition , subsequent adjustments to our initial estimated amount of contingent consideration associated with specific acquisitions are included in acquisition-related charges . other transactional charges include third-party costs related to structuring unusual transactions . in 2018 compared to 2017 , the cost of professional fees decreased $ 3.3 million , offset by an increase of $ 2.1 million in compensation due to headcount and merit increases . in 2017 compared to 2016 , total compensation , benefit and travel costs increased by $ 7.0 million primarily because of merit increases and increased severance costs , as well as higher

liquidity and capital resources replace_table_token_21_th cash and cash equivalents we invest our cash with highly rated financial institutions and in diversified domestic and international money market mutual funds . cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original 44 maturities of three months or less . in addition , we hold investments in marketable securities totaling approximately $ 56.0 million with an average maturity of 14 months . at september 30 , 2018 , cash and cash equivalents totaled $ 259.9 million , compared to $ 280.0 million at september 30 , 2017 , reflecting $ 247.8 million in operating cash flow , $ 1,015.7 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock , of which $ 1 billion was related to an investment in ptc by rockwell automation and the remainder of which relates to common stock issued under our employee stock purchase plan . the proceeds from the rockwell automation investment were used in part for repurchases of $ 1,100.0 million in common stock . in addition , we made $ 70.0 million of net repayments under our credit facility , $ 45.4 million was used to pay withholding taxes on stock-based awards that vested in the period , $ 36.0 million was used for capital expenditures , $ 8.9 million was used for the payment of contingent consideration , $ 6.0 million was used to purchase business and intangible assets , and $ 6.2 million was used to purchase marketable securities , net of proceeds from maturities . cash provided by operating activities cash provided by operating activities was $ 247.8 million in 2018 compared to $ 135.2 million in 2017 and $ 183.3 million in 2016 .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```liquidity and capital resources replace_table_token_21_th cash and cash equivalents we invest our cash with highly rated financial institutions and in diversified domestic and international money market mutual funds . cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original 44 maturities of three months or less . in addition , we hold investments in marketable securities totaling approximately $ 56.0 million with an average maturity of 14 months . at september 30 , 2018 , cash and cash equivalents totaled $ 259.9 million , compared to $ 280.0 million at september 30 , 2017 , reflecting $ 247.8 million in operating cash flow , $ 1,015.7 million of proceeds from issuance of common stock , of which $ 1 billion was related to an investment in ptc by rockwell automation and the remainder of which relates to common stock issued under our employee stock purchase plan . the proceeds from the rockwell automation investment were used in part for repurchases of $ 1,100.0 million in common stock . in addition , we made $ 70.0 million of net repayments under our credit facility , $ 45.4 million was used to pay withholding taxes on stock-based awards that vested in the period , $ 36.0 million was used for capital expenditures , $ 8.9 million was used for the payment of contingent consideration , $ 6.0 million was used to purchase business and intangible assets , and $ 6.2 million was used to purchase marketable securities , net of proceeds from maturities . cash provided by operating activities cash provided by operating activities was $ 247.8 million in 2018 compared to $ 135.2 million in 2017 and $ 183.3 million in 2016 .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : subscription revenue , software revenue and total revenue were all up over fiscal 2017 , despite an 800 basis point increase in subscription mix year over year . recurring software revenue represented approximately 90 % of our software revenue in 2018 , up from 86 % a year ago . our revenue results also drove our operating margin improvements for the year . despite increases in sales and marketing and research and development expenses , operating margins and eps were up over the prior year . our cad and plm businesses performed well in the year , our iot business continued to grow as we added new customers and existing customers expanded their implementations , and interest in our augmented reality solutions increased . we made important strides in extending our market reach and further differentiating our technology with strategic relationships we entered into in 2018 , including those with rockwell automation , microsoft and ansys . 17 replace_table_token_1_th the increase in total revenue , subscription revenue and eps reflects our transformation into a subscription software company . as our mix of subscription sales relative to perpetual license sales has increased , perpetual license revenue and support revenue have declined . our 2018 revenue results include the impact of a settlement of a customer dispute concerning a professional services receivable . the settlement , reached in september 2018 , included partial payment of the receivable and new software purchases . the net revenue write-down recorded in the fourth quarter of 2018 was $ 9.3 million , comprised of a $ 14.5 million services revenue write-down , partially offset by subscription revenue of $ 5.2 million . additionally , professional services revenue has declined in accordance with our strategy to migrate more services engagements to our partners and to deliver products that require less consulting and training services . the increase in subscription revenue relative to perpetual license revenue has resulted in an increase in our recurring software revenue , with approximately 90 % of our software revenue and 79 % of our total revenue in 2018 from recurring software revenue streams , compared to 86 % and 73 % in 2017 and 82 % and 68 % in 2016 . 18 year ended september 30 , earnings measures 2018 2017 change operating margin 5.9 % 3.5 % 68 % earnings per share $ 0.44 $ 0.05 780 % non-gaap operating margin ( 1 ) 18.4 % 16.1 % 14 % non-gaap eps ( 1 ) $ 1.45 $ 1.17 24 % ( 1 ) non-gaap measures are reconciled to gaap results under results of operations - non-gaap measures below . gaap and non-gaap operating income in 2018 reflect maturity of our subscription program . an increase in gross margin is associated with higher subscription revenue and a lower mix of professional services revenue , which has lower margins than our software revenue . the increase in gross margins was partially offset by higher sales and marketing and research and development costs . our gaap and non-gaap earnings reflect a combination of revenue growth due to the strength of our subscription model and strong new bookings , as well as continued cost and expense discipline . we ended 2018 with cash , cash equivalents and marketable securities of $ 316 million , down from $ 330 million at the end of 2017. we generated $ 248 million of cash from operations in 2018 compared to $ 135 million in 2017. in the fourth quarter of 2018 , rockwell automation made a $ 1 billion equity investment in ptc as part of a strategic partnership . using the cash proceeds from this investment , ptc entered into a $ 1,000 million accelerated share repurchase . we also used cash from operations to repurchase another $ 100 million of common stock and to repay a net $ 70 million of borrowings under our credit facility in 2018. at september 30 , 2018 , the balance outstanding under our credit facility was $ 148 million and total debt outstanding was $ 648 million . operating measures we provide these measures to help investors understand the progress of our subscription transition . these measures are not necessarily indicative of revenue for the period or any future period . license and subscription bookings license and subscription bookings for 2018 were $ 466 million , up 11 % over 2017 ( up 9 % on a constant currency basis ) and up 16 % over 2016. over the past two years , cad , core plm and iot have delivered bookings cagrs at the high end of market growth rates , as cad and plm customers have converted existing license contracts to subscriptions and customers have adopted and expanded iot implementations . subscription acv s ubscription acv increased 24 % over 2017 to $ 177 million due to continued adoption of our subscription offerings around the globe . 19 annualized recurring revenue ( arr ) arr was approximat ely $ 1,012 m illion as of the fourth quarter of 2018 , an increase of 12 % compared to the fourth quarter of 2017 and the seventh consecutive quarter of double-digit year-over-year growth . deferred revenue and backlog ( unbilled deferred revenue ) deferred revenue primarily relates to software agreements invoiced to customers for which the revenue has not yet been recognized . unbilled deferred revenue ( backlog ) is the aggregate of booked orders for license , support and subscription ( including multi-year subscription contracts with start dates after october 1 , 2018 that are subject to a limited annual cancellation right , of which approximately $ 50 million was cancellable at september 30 , 2018 ) for which the associated revenue has not been recognized and the customer has not yet been invoiced . we do not record unbilled deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets ; such amounts are recorded as deferred revenue when we invoice the customer . story_separator_special_tag cost of license and subscription revenue replace_table_token_8_th our cost of license and subscription includes cost of license , which consists of fixed and variable costs associated with reproducing and distributing software and documentation , as well as royalties paid to third parties for technology embedded in or licensed with our software products , and amortization of intangible assets associated with acquired products , and cost of subscription , which includes our cost of cloud services and software as a service revenue , including hosting fees . costs associated with providing post-contract support such as providing software updates and technical support for both our subscription offerings and our perpetual licenses are included in cost of support revenue . cost of license and subscription revenue as a percent of license and subscription revenue can vary depending on the subscription mix percentage , the product mix sold , the effect of fixed and variable royalties , headcount and the level of amortization of acquired software intangible assets . costs in 2018 compared to 2017 increased primarily as a result of a $ 3.7 million increase in cloud services hosting costs and a $ 2.5 million increase in total compensation , benefit and travel expense due to increases in salaries . costs in 2017 compared to 2016 increased primarily as a result of a $ 15.0 million increase in total compensation , benefit and travel expense due to increased headcount , primarily associated with supporting our cloud products , and a $ 3.4 million increase in cloud services hosting costs . cost of support revenue replace_table_token_9_th cost of support revenue consists of costs such as salaries , benefits , and computer equipment and facilities associated with customer support and the release of support updates ( including related royalty costs ) associated with providing support for both our perpetual licenses and subscription licenses . costs and expense in 2018 compared to 2017 decreased primarily due to a decrease in headcount resulting in 3 % ( $ 1.9 million ) lower total compensation , benefit and travel costs . 29 costs and expense in 2017 compared to 2016 increased primarily due to a 5 % ( $ 3.1 million ) increase in total compensation , benefit and travel costs . cost of professional services revenue replace_table_token_10_th our cost of professional services revenue includes costs such as salaries , benefits , information technology costs and facilities expenses for our training and consulting personnel , and third-party subcontractor fees . in 2018 compared to 2017 , total compensation , benefit and travel expenses were decreased by $ 6.8 million primarily due to an 8 % decrease in headcount . in 2017 compared to 2016 , total compensation , benefit costs and travel expenses decreased by $ 18.8 million . the cost of third-party consulting services was $ 4.7 million lower in 2017 compared to 2016. as a result of decreases in professional services revenue in 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , we have reduced headcount , resulting in lower compensation-related costs . this is in line with our strategy to have our strategic services partners perform services for customers directly , which has decreased revenue and costs and improved services margins . sales and marketing replace_table_token_11_th our sales and marketing expenses primarily include salaries and benefits , sales commissions , advertising and marketing programs , travel , information technology costs and facility expenses . costs and expense in 2018 compared to 2017 increased primarily due to a $ 38.6 million increase in total compensation , benefit costs and travel expenses as a result of increases in headcount , salary increases , higher commissions costs and higher stock-based compensation . in 2017 compared to 2016 , event costs increased $ 3.1 million due to our liveworx event held in may 2017. our compensation , benefits and travel costs were $ 3.5 million lower in 2017 compared to 2016 primarily due to lower commissions , which were higher in 2016 as a result of significantly higher than planned subscription bookings . 30 research and development replace_table_token_12_th our research and development expenses consist principally of salaries and benefits , information technology costs and facility expenses . major research and development activities include developing new releases and updates of our software that enhance functionality and add features . in 2018 compared to 2017 , total compensation , benefit and travel expenses were higher by 6 % ( $ 12.0 million ) due to an increase in headcount and salary increases . in 2017 compared to 2016 , total compensation , benefit and travel expenses were higher by 3 % ( $ 5.0 million ) due to an increase in headcount and a $ 1.6 million increase in cloud services hosting costs as some product testing has moved to a cloud environment . general and administrative ( g & a ) replace_table_token_13_th our g & a expenses include the costs of our corporate , finance , information technology , human resources , legal and administrative functions , as well as acquisition-related and other transactional charges , bad debt expense and outside professional services , including accounting and legal fees . acquisition-related costs include direct costs of acquisitions and expenses related to acquisition integration activities , including transaction fees , due diligence costs , retention bonuses and severance , and professional fees , including legal and accounting costs , related to the acquisition . in addition , subsequent adjustments to our initial estimated amount of contingent consideration associated with specific acquisitions are included in acquisition-related charges . other transactional charges include third-party costs related to structuring unusual transactions . in 2018 compared to 2017 , the cost of professional fees decreased $ 3.3 million , offset by an increase of $ 2.1 million in compensation due to headcount and merit increases . in 2017 compared to 2016 , total compensation , benefit and travel costs increased by $ 7.0 million primarily because of merit increases and increased severance costs , as well as higher

