see “ risk factors risks related to the announced sale of the company 's u.s. federal business an ‘ ownership change ' could limit the company 's ability to utilize net operating losses and certain other tax attributes to offset the gain from the pending sale of the u.s. federal business ” for more information . results of operations company results revenue for 2019 was $ 2.95 billion compared with $ 2.83 billion for 2018 , an increase of 4.4 % principally due to increases within the company 's u.s. business offset in part by the impact of the $ 53.0 million topic 606 adjustment described above . excluding this adjustment , revenue increased 6.4 % . foreign currency fluctuations had a 3 -percentage-point negative impact on revenue in the current year compared with the year-ago period . services revenue increased 7.0 % and technology revenue decreased 9.7 % year over year with the prior-year topic 606 adjustment primarily contributing to the technology revenue decline . excluding the topic 606 adjustment of $ 53.0 million , technology revenue increased 2.7 % . foreign currency fluctuations had a 3 -percentage-point negative impact on services revenue and a 3 -percentage-point negative impact on technology revenue in the current year compared with the year-ago period . revenue from international operations in 2019 and 2018 was $ 1.40 billion and $ 1.59 billion , respectively . without the topic 606 adjustment , 2018 revenue from international operations was $ 1.54 billion . foreign currency had a 4 -percentage-point 21 negative impact on international revenue in 2019 compared with 2018 . revenue from u.s. operations was $ 1.55 billion in 2019 and $ 1.24 billion in 2018 . excluding the topic 606 adjustment , u.s. revenue was $ 1.23 billion in 2018. during 2019 , the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $ 28.7 million , principally related to a reduction in employees . the charges related to work-force reductions were $ 22.1 million , principally related to severance costs , and were comprised of : ( a ) a charge of $ 4.6 million for 509 employees and $ ( 1.5 ) million for changes in estimates in the u.s. and ( b ) a charge of $ 21.1 million for 255 employees and $ ( 2.1 ) million for changes in estimates outside the u.s. in addition , the company recorded charges of $ 6.6 million comprised of $ 4.6 million for lease abandonment costs , $ 1.1 million for asset write-offs and $ 0.9 million for other expenses related to the cost-reduction effort . the charges were recorded in the following statement of income classifications : cost of revenue – services , $ 10.8 million ; cost of revenue - technology , $ 0.2 million ; selling , general and administrative expenses , $ 15.5 million ; and research and development expenses , $ 2.2 million . during 2018 , the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $ 19.7 million , principally related to a reduction in employees . the charges related to work-force reductions were $ 19.0 million , principally related to severance costs , and were comprised of : ( a ) a charge of $ 5.2 million for 264 employees and $ 0.1 million for changes in estimates in the u.s. and ( b ) a charge of $ 22.5 million for 325 employees and $ ( 8.8 ) million for changes in estimates outside the u.s. in addition , the company recorded a charge of $ 0.7 million for changes in estimates related to idle leased facilities costs . the 2018 charges were recorded in the following statement of income classifications : cost of revenue - services , $ 18.1 million and selling , general and administrative expenses , $ 1.6 million . gross profit as a percent of total revenue , or gross profit percent , was 22.6 % in 2019 and 24.3 % in 2018 . gross profit in 2018 was positively impacted by the topic 606 adjustment described above . excluding the topic 606 adjustment , total gross profit percent in the prior year was 22.8 % . gross profit in 2019 was positively impacted by $ 19.8 million related to the change in useful life of the company 's proprietary enterprise software . see note 1 , “ summary of significant accounting policies , ” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further detail . selling , general and administrative expenses were $ 396.9 million in 2019 ( 13.5 % of revenue ) and $ 370.3 million in 2018 ( 13.1 % of revenue ) . included in the prior year was a $ 7.3 million gain on the sale of property in the u.k. excluding the topic 606 adjustment of $ 53.0 million , selling , general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue was 13.4 % in 2018. research and development ( r & d ) expenses in 2019 were $ 31.3 million compared with $ 31.9 million in 2018 . in 2019 , the company reported an operating profit of $ 238.2 million compared with an operating profit of $ 284.1 million in 2018 . operating profit margin in 2018 was positively impacted by the topic 606 adjustment described above . excluding this adjustment , total operating profit in 2018 was $ 231.1 million . interest expense was $ 62.1 million in 2019 and $ 64.0 million in 2018 . the decline from the prior year was principally due to the convertible notes exchange . see note 14 , “ debt , ” of the notes to consolidated financial statements . other income ( expense ) , net was expense of $ 136.4 million in 2019 compared with expense of $ 76.9 million in 2018 . included in 2019 was postretirement expense of $ 93.3 million , a loss on debt exchange of $ 20.1 million and foreign exchange losses of $ 10.4 million . story_separator_special_tag the company measures its progress toward satisfaction of its performance obligations using the cost-to-cost method , or when services have been performed , depending on the nature of the project . for contracts accounted for using the cost-to-cost method , revenue and profit recognized in any given accounting period are based on estimates of total projected contract costs . the estimates are continually reevaluated and revised , when necessary , throughout the life of a contract . the company follows this method because reasonably dependable estimates of the revenue and costs applicable to various elements of a contract can be made . the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates , which are assessed continually during the term of the contracts and therefore , recognized revenues and profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion . revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known . accordingly , favorable changes in estimates result in additional revenue and profit recognition , and unfavorable changes in estimates result in a reduction of recognized revenue and profit . when estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred on a contract upon completion , a provision for the expected loss is recorded in the period in which the loss becomes evident . as work progresses under a loss contract , revenue continues to be recognized , and a portion of the contract costs incurred in each period is charged to the contract loss reserve . outsourcing typically , the initial terms of the company 's outsourcing contracts are between 3 and 5 years . revenue under these contracts is recognized when the company performs the services or processes transactions in accordance with contractual performance standards . customer prepayments ( even if nonrefundable ) are deferred ( classified as a liability ) and recognized systematically as revenue over the initial contract term . costs on outsourcing contracts are charged to expense as incurred . however , direct costs incurred related to the inception of an outsourcing contract ( principally initial customer setup ) are deferred and charged to expense over the initial contract term . in addition , the costs of equipment and software , some of which are internally developed , are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of their life or the initial contract term . recoverability of outsourcing assets is subject to various business risks . quarterly , the company compares the carrying value of the outsourcing assets with the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the outsourcing assets to determine if the assets are impaired . if impaired , the outsourcing assets are reduced to an estimated fair value on a discounted cash flow approach . the company prepares its cash flow estimates based on assumptions that it believes to be reasonable but are also inherently uncertain . actual future cash flows could differ from these estimates . income taxes accounting rules governing income taxes require that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities . these rules also require that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized . at december 31 , 2019 and 2018 , the company had deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities of $ 1,617.8 million and $ 1,636.9 million , respectively . for the reasons cited below , at december 31 , 2019 and 2018 , management determined that it is more likely than not that $ 93.1 million and $ 89.4 million , respectively , of such assets will be realized , resulting in a valuation allowance of $ 1,524.7 million and $ 1,547.5 million , respectively . the company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance , if necessary . the factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the company 's historical profitability , forecast of future taxable income and available tax-planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets . the company uses tax-planning strategies to realize or renew net deferred tax assets to avoid the potential loss of future tax benefits . failure to achieve forecasted taxable income might affect the ultimate realization of the net deferred tax assets . factors that may affect the company 's ability to achieve sufficient forecasted taxable income include , but are not 27 limited to , the following : increased competition , a decline in sales or margins , loss of market share , delays in product availability or technological obsolescence . see “ item 1a . risk factors . ” internal revenue code sections 382 and 383 provide annual limitations with respect to the ability of a corporation to utilize its net operating loss ( as well as certain built-in losses ) and tax credit carryforwards , respectively ( tax attributes ) , against future u.s. taxable income , if the corporation experiences an “ ownership change . ” in general terms , an ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period . the company regularly monitors ownership changes ( as calculated for purposes of section 382 ) . the company has determined that , for purposes of the rules of section 382 described above , an ownership change occurred in february 2011. any future transaction or transactions and the timing of such transaction or transactions could trigger additional ownership changes under section 382. as a result of the february 2011 ownership change , utilization for certain of the company 's tax attributes , u.s. net operating losses and tax

cash used for investing activities in 2019 was $ 158.2 million compared with cash usage of $ 185.0 million in 2018 . net proceeds from investments in 2019 were $ 2.8 million compared with net purchases of $ 14.0 million in 2018 . proceeds from investments and purchases of investments represent derivative financial instruments used to manage the company 's currency exposure to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates . in addition , capital additions of properties were $ 38.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 35.6 million in 2018 , capital additions of outsourcing assets were $ 48.8 million in 2019 compared with $ 73.0 million in 2018 and the investment in marketable software was $ 73.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 80.7 million in 2018 . the decrease in capital expenditures is attributed in part to the company funding some of the 2019 additions by entering into installment payment and vendor agreements . the prior-year period includes net proceeds of $ 19.2 million related to the sale of property in the u.k. cash used for financing activities during 2019 was $ 38.0 million compared with cash used for financing activities of $ 4.8 million in 2018 . the increase in cash usage in the current year is principally due to the convertible notes exchange partially offset by proceeds received from the issuance of debt as described below . at december 31 , 2019 , total debt was $ 579.6 million compared with $ 652.8 million at december 31 , 2018 . the decrease is primarily due to the convertible notes exchange offset in part by the issuance of debt described below .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash used for investing activities in 2019 was $ 158.2 million compared with cash usage of $ 185.0 million in 2018 . net proceeds from investments in 2019 were $ 2.8 million compared with net purchases of $ 14.0 million in 2018 . proceeds from investments and purchases of investments represent derivative financial instruments used to manage the company 's currency exposure to market risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates . in addition , capital additions of properties were $ 38.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 35.6 million in 2018 , capital additions of outsourcing assets were $ 48.8 million in 2019 compared with $ 73.0 million in 2018 and the investment in marketable software was $ 73.0 million in 2019 compared with $ 80.7 million in 2018 . the decrease in capital expenditures is attributed in part to the company funding some of the 2019 additions by entering into installment payment and vendor agreements . the prior-year period includes net proceeds of $ 19.2 million related to the sale of property in the u.k. cash used for financing activities during 2019 was $ 38.0 million compared with cash used for financing activities of $ 4.8 million in 2018 . the increase in cash usage in the current year is principally due to the convertible notes exchange partially offset by proceeds received from the issuance of debt as described below . at december 31 , 2019 , total debt was $ 579.6 million compared with $ 652.8 million at december 31 , 2018 . the decrease is primarily due to the convertible notes exchange offset in part by the issuance of debt described below .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : see “ risk factors risks related to the announced sale of the company 's u.s. federal business an ‘ ownership change ' could limit the company 's ability to utilize net operating losses and certain other tax attributes to offset the gain from the pending sale of the u.s. federal business ” for more information . results of operations company results revenue for 2019 was $ 2.95 billion compared with $ 2.83 billion for 2018 , an increase of 4.4 % principally due to increases within the company 's u.s. business offset in part by the impact of the $ 53.0 million topic 606 adjustment described above . excluding this adjustment , revenue increased 6.4 % . foreign currency fluctuations had a 3 -percentage-point negative impact on revenue in the current year compared with the year-ago period . services revenue increased 7.0 % and technology revenue decreased 9.7 % year over year with the prior-year topic 606 adjustment primarily contributing to the technology revenue decline . excluding the topic 606 adjustment of $ 53.0 million , technology revenue increased 2.7 % . foreign currency fluctuations had a 3 -percentage-point negative impact on services revenue and a 3 -percentage-point negative impact on technology revenue in the current year compared with the year-ago period . revenue from international operations in 2019 and 2018 was $ 1.40 billion and $ 1.59 billion , respectively . without the topic 606 adjustment , 2018 revenue from international operations was $ 1.54 billion . foreign currency had a 4 -percentage-point 21 negative impact on international revenue in 2019 compared with 2018 . revenue from u.s. operations was $ 1.55 billion in 2019 and $ 1.24 billion in 2018 . excluding the topic 606 adjustment , u.s. revenue was $ 1.23 billion in 2018. during 2019 , the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $ 28.7 million , principally related to a reduction in employees . the charges related to work-force reductions were $ 22.1 million , principally related to severance costs , and were comprised of : ( a ) a charge of $ 4.6 million for 509 employees and $ ( 1.5 ) million for changes in estimates in the u.s. and ( b ) a charge of $ 21.1 million for 255 employees and $ ( 2.1 ) million for changes in estimates outside the u.s. in addition , the company recorded charges of $ 6.6 million comprised of $ 4.6 million for lease abandonment costs , $ 1.1 million for asset write-offs and $ 0.9 million for other expenses related to the cost-reduction effort . the charges were recorded in the following statement of income classifications : cost of revenue – services , $ 10.8 million ; cost of revenue - technology , $ 0.2 million ; selling , general and administrative expenses , $ 15.5 million ; and research and development expenses , $ 2.2 million . during 2018 , the company recognized cost-reduction charges and other costs of $ 19.7 million , principally related to a reduction in employees . the charges related to work-force reductions were $ 19.0 million , principally related to severance costs , and were comprised of : ( a ) a charge of $ 5.2 million for 264 employees and $ 0.1 million for changes in estimates in the u.s. and ( b ) a charge of $ 22.5 million for 325 employees and $ ( 8.8 ) million for changes in estimates outside the u.s. in addition , the company recorded a charge of $ 0.7 million for changes in estimates related to idle leased facilities costs . the 2018 charges were recorded in the following statement of income classifications : cost of revenue - services , $ 18.1 million and selling , general and administrative expenses , $ 1.6 million . gross profit as a percent of total revenue , or gross profit percent , was 22.6 % in 2019 and 24.3 % in 2018 . gross profit in 2018 was positively impacted by the topic 606 adjustment described above . excluding the topic 606 adjustment , total gross profit percent in the prior year was 22.8 % . gross profit in 2019 was positively impacted by $ 19.8 million related to the change in useful life of the company 's proprietary enterprise software . see note 1 , “ summary of significant accounting policies , ” of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further detail . selling , general and administrative expenses were $ 396.9 million in 2019 ( 13.5 % of revenue ) and $ 370.3 million in 2018 ( 13.1 % of revenue ) . included in the prior year was a $ 7.3 million gain on the sale of property in the u.k. excluding the topic 606 adjustment of $ 53.0 million , selling , general and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue was 13.4 % in 2018. research and development ( r & d ) expenses in 2019 were $ 31.3 million compared with $ 31.9 million in 2018 . in 2019 , the company reported an operating profit of $ 238.2 million compared with an operating profit of $ 284.1 million in 2018 . operating profit margin in 2018 was positively impacted by the topic 606 adjustment described above . excluding this adjustment , total operating profit in 2018 was $ 231.1 million . interest expense was $ 62.1 million in 2019 and $ 64.0 million in 2018 . the decline from the prior year was principally due to the convertible notes exchange . see note 14 , “ debt , ” of the notes to consolidated financial statements . other income ( expense ) , net was expense of $ 136.4 million in 2019 compared with expense of $ 76.9 million in 2018 . included in 2019 was postretirement expense of $ 93.3 million , a loss on debt exchange of $ 20.1 million and foreign exchange losses of $ 10.4 million . story_separator_special_tag the company measures its progress toward satisfaction of its performance obligations using the cost-to-cost method , or when services have been performed , depending on the nature of the project . for contracts accounted for using the cost-to-cost method , revenue and profit recognized in any given accounting period are based on estimates of total projected contract costs . the estimates are continually reevaluated and revised , when necessary , throughout the life of a contract . the company follows this method because reasonably dependable estimates of the revenue and costs applicable to various elements of a contract can be made . the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates , which are assessed continually during the term of the contracts and therefore , recognized revenues and profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion . revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known . accordingly , favorable changes in estimates result in additional revenue and profit recognition , and unfavorable changes in estimates result in a reduction of recognized revenue and profit . when estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred on a contract upon completion , a provision for the expected loss is recorded in the period in which the loss becomes evident . as work progresses under a loss contract , revenue continues to be recognized , and a portion of the contract costs incurred in each period is charged to the contract loss reserve . outsourcing typically , the initial terms of the company 's outsourcing contracts are between 3 and 5 years . revenue under these contracts is recognized when the company performs the services or processes transactions in accordance with contractual performance standards . customer prepayments ( even if nonrefundable ) are deferred ( classified as a liability ) and recognized systematically as revenue over the initial contract term . costs on outsourcing contracts are charged to expense as incurred . however , direct costs incurred related to the inception of an outsourcing contract ( principally initial customer setup ) are deferred and charged to expense over the initial contract term . in addition , the costs of equipment and software , some of which are internally developed , are capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of their life or the initial contract term . recoverability of outsourcing assets is subject to various business risks . quarterly , the company compares the carrying value of the outsourcing assets with the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the outsourcing assets to determine if the assets are impaired . if impaired , the outsourcing assets are reduced to an estimated fair value on a discounted cash flow approach . the company prepares its cash flow estimates based on assumptions that it believes to be reasonable but are also inherently uncertain . actual future cash flows could differ from these estimates . income taxes accounting rules governing income taxes require that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities . these rules also require that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized . at december 31 , 2019 and 2018 , the company had deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities of $ 1,617.8 million and $ 1,636.9 million , respectively . for the reasons cited below , at december 31 , 2019 and 2018 , management determined that it is more likely than not that $ 93.1 million and $ 89.4 million , respectively , of such assets will be realized , resulting in a valuation allowance of $ 1,524.7 million and $ 1,547.5 million , respectively . the company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance , if necessary . the factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the company 's historical profitability , forecast of future taxable income and available tax-planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets . the company uses tax-planning strategies to realize or renew net deferred tax assets to avoid the potential loss of future tax benefits . failure to achieve forecasted taxable income might affect the ultimate realization of the net deferred tax assets . factors that may affect the company 's ability to achieve sufficient forecasted taxable income include , but are not 27 limited to , the following : increased competition , a decline in sales or margins , loss of market share , delays in product availability or technological obsolescence . see “ item 1a . risk factors . ” internal revenue code sections 382 and 383 provide annual limitations with respect to the ability of a corporation to utilize its net operating loss ( as well as certain built-in losses ) and tax credit carryforwards , respectively ( tax attributes ) , against future u.s. taxable income , if the corporation experiences an “ ownership change . ” in general terms , an ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percentage points over a three-year period . the company regularly monitors ownership changes ( as calculated for purposes of section 382 ) . the company has determined that , for purposes of the rules of section 382 described above , an ownership change occurred in february 2011. any future transaction or transactions and the timing of such transaction or transactions could trigger additional ownership changes under section 382. as a result of the february 2011 ownership change , utilization for certain of the company 's tax attributes , u.s. net operating losses and tax

