51 non-gaap financial measure in addition to presenting net earnings ( losses ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders and diluted earnings ( losses ) per ordinary share determined in accordance with u.s. gaap , we believe that presenting non-gaap operating income ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders and non-gaap diluted operating income ( loss ) per ordinary share provides investors with valuable measures of our performance . non-gaap operating income ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders is calculated by the addition or subtraction of certain items from within our consolidated statements of earnings to or from net earnings ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders , the most directly comparable gaap financial measure , as illustrated in the table below , for the years ending december 31 , 2019 and 2018 : 2019 2018 ( in thousands of u.s. dollars , except per share data ) net earnings ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders $ 902,175 $ ( 162,354 ) adjustments : net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed ( 1 ) ( 534,730 ) 243,093 change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option 117,181 6,664 tax effects of adjustments ( 2 ) 51,102 ( 16,588 ) adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 3 ) 17,689 ( 9,166 ) non-gaap operating income attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders ( 4 ) $ 553,417 $ 61,649 diluted net earnings ( loss ) per ordinary share ( 5 ) $ 41.43 $ ( 7.84 ) adjustments : net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed ( 1 ) ( 24.55 ) 11.70 change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option 5.38 0.32 tax effects of adjustments ( 2 ) 2.35 ( 0.79 ) adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 3 ) 0.81 ( 0.44 ) diluted non-gaap operating income per ordinary share ( 4 ) $ 25.42 $ 2.95 weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted 21,775,066 20,904,176 ( 1 ) represents the net realized and unrealized gains and losses related to fixed maturity securities . our fixed maturity securities are held directly on our balance sheet and also within the `` funds held - directly managed `` balance . refer to note 6 - `` investments `` in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included within item 8 of this annual report on form 10-k for further details on our net realized and unrealized gains and losses . ( 2 ) represents an aggregation of the tax expense or benefit associated with the specific country to which the pre-tax adjustment relates , calculated at the applicable jurisdictional tax rate . ( 3 ) represents the impact of the adjustments on the net earnings ( loss ) attributable to noncontrolling interest associated with the specific subsidiaries to which the adjustments relate . ( 4 ) non-gaap financial measure . ( 5 ) during a period of loss , the basic weighted average ordinary shares outstanding is used in the denominator of the diluted loss per ordinary share computation as the effect of including potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive . 52 basis of non-gaap operating income ( loss ) financial measure our non-gaap measure shown above , as defined in item 10 ( e ) of regulation s-k , enables readers of the consolidated financial statements to more easily analyze our results in a manner more aligned with the manner in which our management analyzes our underlying performance . we believe that presenting this non-gaap financial measure , which may be defined and calculated differently by other companies , improves the understanding of our consolidated results of operations . this measure should not be viewed as a substitute for those calculated in accordance with u.s. gaap . non-gaap operating income ( loss ) excludes : ( i ) net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed , ( ii ) change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option , ( iii ) gain ( loss ) on sale of subsidiaries , if any , ( vi ) net earnings ( loss ) from discontinued operations , if any , ( v ) tax effect of these adjustments where applicable , and ( vi ) attribution of share of adjustments to noncontrolling interest where applicable . we eliminate the impact of net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed and change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option because these items are subject to significant fluctuations in fair value from period to period , driven primarily by market conditions and general economic conditions , and therefore their impact on our earnings is not reflective of the performance of our core operations . when applicable , we eliminate the impact of gain ( loss ) on sale of subsidiaries and net earnings ( loss ) on discontinued operations because these are not reflective of the performance of our core operations . underwriting ratios in presenting our results for the atrium and starstone segments , we discuss the loss ratio , acquisition cost ratio , operating expense ratio , and the combined ratio of our active underwriting operations within these segments . management believes that these ratios provide the most meaningful measure for understanding our underwriting profitability . these measures are not defined in gaap , but are calculated using gaap amounts presented on the statements of earnings for both atrium and starstone . the loss ratio is calculated by dividing net incurred losses and lae by net premiums earned . story_separator_special_tag net incurred losses and lae : the following table shows the components of net incurred losses and lae for the non-life run-off segment for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 : replace_table_token_10_th ( 1 ) net change in case and lae reserves comprises the movement during the year in specific case reserve liabilities as a result of claims settlements or changes advised to us by our policyholders and attorneys , less changes in case reserves recoverable advised by us to our reinsurers as a result of the settlement or movement of assumed claims . ( 2 ) net change in ibnr represents the gross change in our actuarial estimates of ibnr , less amounts recoverable . 59 2019 : n et incurred losses and lae for the year ended december 31 , 2019 of $ 51.6 million included net incurred losses a nd lae of $ 123.6 million related to current period net earned premium . excluding current period net incurred losses and lae of $ 123.6 million , the reduction in net incurred losses and lae liabilities relating to prior periods was $ 71.9 million , which was attributable to a reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses of $ 220.0 million and a reduction in provisions for unallocated lae of $ 57.8 million relating to 2019 run-off activity , partially offset by an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $ 117.2 million related to our assumed retroactive reinsurance agreements for which we have elected the fair value option , amortization of fair value adjustments of $ 50.1 million and the amortization of deferred charge assets of $ 38.6 million . the reduction in estimates of prior period net ultimate losses of $ 220.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2019 included a net reduction in case and ibnr reserves of $ 1,402.8 million , partially offset by net losses paid of $ 1,182.8 million . drivers of the change in estimates of net ultimate losses : the significant drivers of the 2019 results are explained below . workers ' compensation a $ 136.4 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses in our workers ' compensation line of business arose across multiple portfolios , where reported loss development was generally significantly less than expected development . the lower than expected actual development was driven by significant proactive settlement activity on individual claimants where we were able to settle claims lower than the case reserve estimates . for example , in two of our portfolios we observed favorable reported loss development , where we paid $ 39.3 million in loss payments to release a corresponding $ 53.6 million of associated case reserves for $ 14.3 million in favorable reported loss development . these settlement activities and the favorable actual loss development versus expected loss development , led to a change in the actuarial assumptions in the annual reserve study that reflect this favorable loss development . for workers ' compensation , we paid $ 209.0 million , offset by a reduction in case reserves of $ 156.4 million and a reduction in ibnr reserves of $ 188.9 million . we also continue to actively seek to commute policies in our workers ' compensation line of business when possible , and where the commutation of the policy is settled at a level below the carried value of the loss reserves , we record a reduction in our estimates of net ultimate losses . during the year ended december 31 , 2019 , we completed 6 commutations across several workers ' compensation portfolios that contributed to a $ 6.1 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses . professional indemnity/directors & officers a $ 38.6 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses in our professional indemnity/directors ' & officers ' line of business arose based on the annual actuarial analysis which reflected the better than expected loss development during 2019. as part of the reserve analysis , an in-depth review of recently acquired portfolios ' ceded reinsurance programs led to an increase in the ceded reinsurance asset of $ 13.5 million , which is a reduction in net ultimate losses . asbestos a $ 6.8 million increase in estimates of net ultimate losses in our asbestos line of business arose primarily due to changes in our actuarial assumptions related to dismissal rates . during 2019 , the number of new defendants and filed claims was less than expected , but this was offset by a lowering of the dismissal rate . in asbestos , the dismissal rates are extremely high as many of the claims do not have merit against the insured . however , we have seen a trend in both us and uk exposure of the dismissal rate decreasing in the range of 2 to 3 percentage points . similar to workers ' compensation business , during the year ended december 31 , 2019 , we completed 6 commutations across several portfolios that contributed to a $ 9.8 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses . other all other line of business changes in estimates of net ultimate losses were primarily due to the application of our reserving methodologies , favorable actual versus expected loss development and proactive claim management . other components of net incurred losses and lae the reduction of $ 57.8 million in provisions for unallocated lae was due to a reduction in our estimate of the total future costs to administer the claims . 60 the increase in the fair value of liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option of $ 117.2 million was primarily due to changes in the discount rate and the application of the discount rate to the updated expected cash flow patterns . the amortization of fair value adjustments of $ 50.1 million was related to the fair value adjustments associated with the acquisition of companies . on acquisition , we are required to fair value the net assets

cash and cash equivalents increased by $ 73.2 million in 2019 compared with a decrease of $ 230.3 million during 2018 . cash provided by operating activities was $ 1,763.5 million in 2019 compared cash used of $ 160.1 million in 2018 . the positive operating cash flow in 2019 was predominantly driven by : ( i ) net proceeds from sales and maturities of trading securities of $ 1,237.8 million in 2019 as we used the proceeds from maturing trading securities to purchase available-for-sale securities compared to net cash used in the purchase of trading securities of $ 790.1 million in 2018 ; and ( ii ) cash and restricted cash acquired in non-life run-off reinsurance transactions for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 of $ 1,201.3 million and $ 652.0 million , respectively ; partially offset by net paid losses in our non-life run-off segment for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 of $ 1,247.6 million and $ 838.8 million , respectively . cash used in investing activities for 2019 primarily related to : ( i ) net purchases of available-for-sale securities of $ 1,867.9 million ; and ( ii ) net purchases of other investments of $ 214.3 million ; partially offset by net cash acquired as a result of acquisitions of $ 172.5 million . in 2018 , cash used in investing activities of $ 825.8 million was primarily due to net purchases of other investments of $ 464.7 million and cash used in acquisitions of $ 245.2 million . cash provided by financing activities for 2019 of $ 293.5 million primarily related to the net inflows of $ 327.9 million from loan obligations , notably the $ 500.0 million of senior notes issued , which were principally used to fund new business and acquisitions , partially offset by dividends paid on preferred shares of $ 35.9 million .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash and cash equivalents increased by $ 73.2 million in 2019 compared with a decrease of $ 230.3 million during 2018 . cash provided by operating activities was $ 1,763.5 million in 2019 compared cash used of $ 160.1 million in 2018 . the positive operating cash flow in 2019 was predominantly driven by : ( i ) net proceeds from sales and maturities of trading securities of $ 1,237.8 million in 2019 as we used the proceeds from maturing trading securities to purchase available-for-sale securities compared to net cash used in the purchase of trading securities of $ 790.1 million in 2018 ; and ( ii ) cash and restricted cash acquired in non-life run-off reinsurance transactions for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 of $ 1,201.3 million and $ 652.0 million , respectively ; partially offset by net paid losses in our non-life run-off segment for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 of $ 1,247.6 million and $ 838.8 million , respectively . cash used in investing activities for 2019 primarily related to : ( i ) net purchases of available-for-sale securities of $ 1,867.9 million ; and ( ii ) net purchases of other investments of $ 214.3 million ; partially offset by net cash acquired as a result of acquisitions of $ 172.5 million . in 2018 , cash used in investing activities of $ 825.8 million was primarily due to net purchases of other investments of $ 464.7 million and cash used in acquisitions of $ 245.2 million . cash provided by financing activities for 2019 of $ 293.5 million primarily related to the net inflows of $ 327.9 million from loan obligations , notably the $ 500.0 million of senior notes issued , which were principally used to fund new business and acquisitions , partially offset by dividends paid on preferred shares of $ 35.9 million .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : 51 non-gaap financial measure in addition to presenting net earnings ( losses ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders and diluted earnings ( losses ) per ordinary share determined in accordance with u.s. gaap , we believe that presenting non-gaap operating income ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders and non-gaap diluted operating income ( loss ) per ordinary share provides investors with valuable measures of our performance . non-gaap operating income ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders is calculated by the addition or subtraction of certain items from within our consolidated statements of earnings to or from net earnings ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders , the most directly comparable gaap financial measure , as illustrated in the table below , for the years ending december 31 , 2019 and 2018 : 2019 2018 ( in thousands of u.s. dollars , except per share data ) net earnings ( loss ) attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders $ 902,175 $ ( 162,354 ) adjustments : net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed ( 1 ) ( 534,730 ) 243,093 change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option 117,181 6,664 tax effects of adjustments ( 2 ) 51,102 ( 16,588 ) adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 3 ) 17,689 ( 9,166 ) non-gaap operating income attributable to enstar group limited ordinary shareholders ( 4 ) $ 553,417 $ 61,649 diluted net earnings ( loss ) per ordinary share ( 5 ) $ 41.43 $ ( 7.84 ) adjustments : net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed ( 1 ) ( 24.55 ) 11.70 change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option 5.38 0.32 tax effects of adjustments ( 2 ) 2.35 ( 0.79 ) adjustments attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 3 ) 0.81 ( 0.44 ) diluted non-gaap operating income per ordinary share ( 4 ) $ 25.42 $ 2.95 weighted average ordinary shares outstanding - diluted 21,775,066 20,904,176 ( 1 ) represents the net realized and unrealized gains and losses related to fixed maturity securities . our fixed maturity securities are held directly on our balance sheet and also within the `` funds held - directly managed `` balance . refer to note 6 - `` investments `` in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included within item 8 of this annual report on form 10-k for further details on our net realized and unrealized gains and losses . ( 2 ) represents an aggregation of the tax expense or benefit associated with the specific country to which the pre-tax adjustment relates , calculated at the applicable jurisdictional tax rate . ( 3 ) represents the impact of the adjustments on the net earnings ( loss ) attributable to noncontrolling interest associated with the specific subsidiaries to which the adjustments relate . ( 4 ) non-gaap financial measure . ( 5 ) during a period of loss , the basic weighted average ordinary shares outstanding is used in the denominator of the diluted loss per ordinary share computation as the effect of including potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive . 52 basis of non-gaap operating income ( loss ) financial measure our non-gaap measure shown above , as defined in item 10 ( e ) of regulation s-k , enables readers of the consolidated financial statements to more easily analyze our results in a manner more aligned with the manner in which our management analyzes our underlying performance . we believe that presenting this non-gaap financial measure , which may be defined and calculated differently by other companies , improves the understanding of our consolidated results of operations . this measure should not be viewed as a substitute for those calculated in accordance with u.s. gaap . non-gaap operating income ( loss ) excludes : ( i ) net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed , ( ii ) change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option , ( iii ) gain ( loss ) on sale of subsidiaries , if any , ( vi ) net earnings ( loss ) from discontinued operations , if any , ( v ) tax effect of these adjustments where applicable , and ( vi ) attribution of share of adjustments to noncontrolling interest where applicable . we eliminate the impact of net realized and unrealized ( gains ) losses on fixed maturity investments and funds held - directly managed and change in fair value of insurance contracts for which we have elected the fair value option because these items are subject to significant fluctuations in fair value from period to period , driven primarily by market conditions and general economic conditions , and therefore their impact on our earnings is not reflective of the performance of our core operations . when applicable , we eliminate the impact of gain ( loss ) on sale of subsidiaries and net earnings ( loss ) on discontinued operations because these are not reflective of the performance of our core operations . underwriting ratios in presenting our results for the atrium and starstone segments , we discuss the loss ratio , acquisition cost ratio , operating expense ratio , and the combined ratio of our active underwriting operations within these segments . management believes that these ratios provide the most meaningful measure for understanding our underwriting profitability . these measures are not defined in gaap , but are calculated using gaap amounts presented on the statements of earnings for both atrium and starstone . the loss ratio is calculated by dividing net incurred losses and lae by net premiums earned . story_separator_special_tag net incurred losses and lae : the following table shows the components of net incurred losses and lae for the non-life run-off segment for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 : replace_table_token_10_th ( 1 ) net change in case and lae reserves comprises the movement during the year in specific case reserve liabilities as a result of claims settlements or changes advised to us by our policyholders and attorneys , less changes in case reserves recoverable advised by us to our reinsurers as a result of the settlement or movement of assumed claims . ( 2 ) net change in ibnr represents the gross change in our actuarial estimates of ibnr , less amounts recoverable . 59 2019 : n et incurred losses and lae for the year ended december 31 , 2019 of $ 51.6 million included net incurred losses a nd lae of $ 123.6 million related to current period net earned premium . excluding current period net incurred losses and lae of $ 123.6 million , the reduction in net incurred losses and lae liabilities relating to prior periods was $ 71.9 million , which was attributable to a reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses of $ 220.0 million and a reduction in provisions for unallocated lae of $ 57.8 million relating to 2019 run-off activity , partially offset by an increase in the fair value of liabilities of $ 117.2 million related to our assumed retroactive reinsurance agreements for which we have elected the fair value option , amortization of fair value adjustments of $ 50.1 million and the amortization of deferred charge assets of $ 38.6 million . the reduction in estimates of prior period net ultimate losses of $ 220.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2019 included a net reduction in case and ibnr reserves of $ 1,402.8 million , partially offset by net losses paid of $ 1,182.8 million . drivers of the change in estimates of net ultimate losses : the significant drivers of the 2019 results are explained below . workers ' compensation a $ 136.4 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses in our workers ' compensation line of business arose across multiple portfolios , where reported loss development was generally significantly less than expected development . the lower than expected actual development was driven by significant proactive settlement activity on individual claimants where we were able to settle claims lower than the case reserve estimates . for example , in two of our portfolios we observed favorable reported loss development , where we paid $ 39.3 million in loss payments to release a corresponding $ 53.6 million of associated case reserves for $ 14.3 million in favorable reported loss development . these settlement activities and the favorable actual loss development versus expected loss development , led to a change in the actuarial assumptions in the annual reserve study that reflect this favorable loss development . for workers ' compensation , we paid $ 209.0 million , offset by a reduction in case reserves of $ 156.4 million and a reduction in ibnr reserves of $ 188.9 million . we also continue to actively seek to commute policies in our workers ' compensation line of business when possible , and where the commutation of the policy is settled at a level below the carried value of the loss reserves , we record a reduction in our estimates of net ultimate losses . during the year ended december 31 , 2019 , we completed 6 commutations across several workers ' compensation portfolios that contributed to a $ 6.1 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses . professional indemnity/directors & officers a $ 38.6 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses in our professional indemnity/directors ' & officers ' line of business arose based on the annual actuarial analysis which reflected the better than expected loss development during 2019. as part of the reserve analysis , an in-depth review of recently acquired portfolios ' ceded reinsurance programs led to an increase in the ceded reinsurance asset of $ 13.5 million , which is a reduction in net ultimate losses . asbestos a $ 6.8 million increase in estimates of net ultimate losses in our asbestos line of business arose primarily due to changes in our actuarial assumptions related to dismissal rates . during 2019 , the number of new defendants and filed claims was less than expected , but this was offset by a lowering of the dismissal rate . in asbestos , the dismissal rates are extremely high as many of the claims do not have merit against the insured . however , we have seen a trend in both us and uk exposure of the dismissal rate decreasing in the range of 2 to 3 percentage points . similar to workers ' compensation business , during the year ended december 31 , 2019 , we completed 6 commutations across several portfolios that contributed to a $ 9.8 million reduction in estimates of net ultimate losses . other all other line of business changes in estimates of net ultimate losses were primarily due to the application of our reserving methodologies , favorable actual versus expected loss development and proactive claim management . other components of net incurred losses and lae the reduction of $ 57.8 million in provisions for unallocated lae was due to a reduction in our estimate of the total future costs to administer the claims . 60 the increase in the fair value of liabilities for which we have elected the fair value option of $ 117.2 million was primarily due to changes in the discount rate and the application of the discount rate to the updated expected cash flow patterns . the amortization of fair value adjustments of $ 50.1 million was related to the fair value adjustments associated with the acquisition of companies . on acquisition , we are required to fair value the net assets

