while we expect the pandemic to continue to negatively impact our results , the current level of uncertainty over the economic and operational impacts of covid-19 could lead to variability in results . ​ fiscal 2020 results compared with fiscal 2019 results ​ consolidated results ​ replace_table_token_3_th ​ note on non-gaap measures : throughout the following results of operations discussion , we disclose certain non-gaap financial measures , including adjusted ebitda , adjusted net income and adjusted eps . for an explanation and reconciliation of such measures , see the section titled ‘ non-gaap financial information ' below . ​ sales : our sales decreased 1 % to $ 1.476 billion in fiscal 2020 ( 2020 ) from $ 1.496 billion in fiscal 2019 ( 2019 ) . sales from cgd and cts decreased by 6 % and 1 % , respectively , while cms sales increased by 3 % fr om 2019. sales in 2020 were negatively impacted by covid-19 due to a decrease in sales resulting from lower transit ridership and delayed orders across all three of our business segments . sales generated by businesses we acquired during 2020 and 2019 totaled $ 122.4 million in 2020 , compared to $ 81.8 million in 2019. see the segment discussions below for further analysis of segment sales . the average exchange rates between the prevailing currencies in our foreign operations and the u.s. dollar had a net unfavorable impact on sales of $ 4.5 million in 2020 compared to 2019 . 36 ​ gross margin : our gross margin percentage on products sales was 28 % in 2020 and 2019. margins in 2020 were negatively impacted in cms due to lower sales of high margin expeditionary satellite communications products and investment in secure communications development contracts , offset by higher margins in cts driven by contract mix and , the impact of cost savings initiatives . our gross margin percentage on service sales increased to 36 % in 2020 from 31 % in 2019. the increase was primarily driven by the impact of productivity initiatives in cts , as well as services sales mix . ​ selling , general , and administrative : sg & a expenses increased to $ 274.7 million in 2020 from $ 270.1 million in 2019. as a percentage of sales , sg & a expenses were 19 % in 2020 compared to 18 % in 2019. the increase in sg & a expenses was driven by a $ 5.7 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $ 9.0 million increase from additional sg & a expenses incurred by businesses we acquired during 2020 and 2019. these increases were partially offset by cost reduction initiatives . ​ restructuring : re structuring expenses increased to $ 16.6 million in 2020 compared to $ 15.4 million in 2019. restructuring expenses in 2020 include consulting and other costs incurred in connection with our nextcubic transformation initiatives to restructure the way we work and operate as a business , as well as costs related to the realignment of our defense businesses into cmps . restructuring expenses in fiscal 2020 and 2019 also include consulting and employee severance expenses related to performance enhancement and cost savings measures including the redesign of our supply chain strategy . ​ research & development : internally funded company-sponsored research and development ( “ r & d ” ) expenses included in our consolidated statements of operations are as follows ( in thousands ) : ​ replace_table_token_4_th ​ company-sponsored r & d expense decreased $ 5.6 million in 2020 due to the timing of certain planned r & d projects at cts and cgd . in 2020 , cts continued to make r & d investments in new transportation product development , including fare collection technologies , real-time passenger information and development of intelligent transport systems and analytic technologies . cms ' r & d investments included secure communications and isr-as-a-service technologies , and cgd 's r & d expenditures focused on next generation live , virtual and constructive training systems . ​ in addition to company-sponsored r & d , a significant portion of our new product development occurs in conjunction with the performance of work on our contracts . these costs are included in cost of sales in our consolidated statements of operations as they are directly related to contract performance . the cost of contract r & d activities included in our cost of sales are as follows ( in thousands ) : replace_table_token_5_th ​ the increase in contract r & d activities is primarily related to investments in new secure communication technologies at cms . 37 ​ amortization of purchased intangibles : amortization of purchased intangibles totaled $ 59.3 million in 2020 compared to $ 42.1 million in 2019. the increase in amortization expense was driven by the completion of our acquisitions of delerrok inc. ( “ delerrok ” ) and pixia corp. ( “ pixia ” ) in january 2020 , partially offset by lower amortization of purchased intangible assets that are amortized based upon accelerated methods . ​ operating income : operating income decreased to $ 61.6 million in 2020 compared to $ 86.2 million in 2019. cts operating income increased by 57 % to $ 121.0 million in 2020 compared to $ 77.2 million in 2019. this increase was partially offset by cms operating results as cms generated an operating loss of $ 26.7 million in 2020 compared to operating income of $ 7.8 million in 2019. cgd 's operating income was flat at $ 22.9 million in 2020 compared to $ 23.0 million in 2019. our operating results were impacted by the accounting for businesses we acquired in 2020 and 2019 . story_separator_special_tag ​ 42 amortization of purchased intangibles : amortization of purchased intangibles totaled $ 42.1 million in 2019 compared to $ 27.1 million in 2018. the increase is due to the amortization of purchased intangibles for companies acquired by cubic in fiscal year 2019 . ​ gain on the sale of fixed assets : in line with our one cubic strategic objective , in fiscal 2019 , we entered into agreements related to the construction and leasing of two buildings on our existing corporate campus in san diego , california that will allow us to co-locate our san diego-based employees on a single modern campus to foster innovation and collaboration across our business . under these agreements , a financial institution will own the buildings , and we will lease the facilities for a term of five years commencing upon their completion . ​ in the third quarter of 2019 , we sold land and buildings comprising our separate cts campus in san diego and entered into a lease with the buyer until the new buildings on our corporate campus are ready for occupancy in fiscal 2021. in the third quarter of 2019 , we also sold land and buildings in orlando , florida and entered a lease for new space with a smaller footprint in orlando to accommodate our employees and operations there . in connection with the sale of these real estate campuses we received total net proceeds of $ 44.9 million and recognized net gains on the sales totaling $ 32.5 million within operating income . ​ operating income : operating income increased to $ 86.2 million in 2019 compared to $ 24.4 million in 2018 driven by improvements in profitability from all three of our businesses . cts operating income increased by 28 % to $ 77.2 million in 2019 compared to $ 60.4 million in 2018 , primarily due to increased volumes on contracts in new york , boston , san francisco bay area and brisbane . cms generated operating income of $ 7.8 million in fiscal 2019 compared to an operating loss of $ 0.1 million in 2018 which was driven by increases in sales across all major product lines . cgd 's operating income increased 39 % to $ 23.0 million in 2019 compared to $ 16.6 million in 2018 primarily due to the results of cost reduction efforts and reduced r & d expenditures . businesses acquired in 2019 and 2018 generated operating losses of $ 22.9 million in 2019 compared to $ 3.5 million in 2018 , including acquisition-related costs totaling $ 9.7 million in 2019 and $ 1.0 million in 2018 , and including amortization of purchased intangible assets of $ 22.0 million in 2019 and $ 0.5 million in 2018. excluding the gain on sale of fixed assets noted above , the unallocated corporate and other costs were $ 54.3 million in 2019 compared to $ 52.5 million in 2018 , and included expenses related to strategic and it system resource planning as part of our one cubic initiative totaling $ 8.2 million in 2019 and $ 24.1 million in 2018. unallocated corporate costs also include restructuring charges of $ 8.9 million and $ 3.1 million in fiscal years 2019 and 2018 , respectively . the average exchange rates between the prevailing currencies in our foreign operations and the u.s. dollar resulted in a decrease in operating income of $ 3.7 million in 2019 compared to 2018. see the segment discussions below for further analysis of segment operating income . ​ interest and dividend income and interest expense : interest and dividend income was $ 6.5 million in 2019 compared to $ 1.6 million in 2018. the increase in interest income in 2019 was primarily due to the interest income recorded on long-term contracts financing receivables in our consolidated balance sheet . under asc 606 , in 2019 we recognized interest income on such receivables . interest expense was $ 20.5 million in 2019 compared to $ 10.4 million in 2018. the change in interest expense generally reflected the increase in our average outstanding debt balances primarily due to the acquisition of three businesses . ​ other income ( expense ) : other income ( expense ) netted to expense of $ 20.0 million in 2019 and $ 0.7 million in 2018. the nonoperating expense in 2019 included unrealized losses of $ 21.6 million caused by the change in the fair value of an interest rate swap held by a vie that is consolidated by cubic . the 90 percent noncontrolling interest in the net loss of the consolidated vie , which is comprised primarily of the vie 's loss on its interest rate swap , is added back to our net income to arrive at net income attributable to cubic . ​ income tax provision : our income tax provision totaled $ 11.0 million ( effective rate of 21 % ) for fiscal 2019 , compared to an income tax provision of $ 7.1 million ( effective rate of 48 % ) for fiscal 2018. the fiscal 2019 tax provision primarily resulted from tax on foreign earnings and state income tax , partially offset by tax benefits in connection with acquisitions involving significant u.s. deferred tax liabilities which allowed for a subsequent release of deferred tax valuation allowance . the fiscal 2018 tax provision , as a result of the tax cuts and jobs act of 2017 ( u.s. tax reform ) , includes a one-time non-cash tax benefit of $ 7.1 million , primarily related to the re-measurement of certain u.s. deferred tax 43 liabilities and the impact of the utilization of indefinite lived deferred tax liabilities as a source of future taxable income when assessing the realizability of indefinite lived deferred tax assets . ​ until we re-establish a pattern of continuing profitability , in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance , u.s. income tax expense or benefit related to the recognition of deferred tax assets in

liquidity and capital resources ​ operating activities from continuing operations used cash of $ 8.3 million and $ 31.9 million in 2020 and 2019 , respectively , and provided cash of $ 8.6 million in 2018. our operating cash flows have been significantly impacted by our consolidated vie , which used cash of $ 112.5 million , $ 50.2 million , and $ 22.4 million in 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . excluding the impact of our consolidated vie , cash flows from operating activities improved by $ 85.9 million in 2020 as compared to 2019 , driven by higher billings and collections on our long-term contracts . our contract terms with our customers can have a significant impact on our operating cash flows . contract terms , including payment terms on our long-term development contracts , are customized for each contract based upon negotiations with the respective customer . changes in the amount of contract assets are reflective of the difference between when costs are incurred and when we are able to bill for milestone payments . in 2020 , contract assets decreased by $ 80.8 million from 2019 while in 2019 , contract assets increased by $ 77.4 million from 2018 . ​ changes in our operating cash flows have also been impacted by our expenditures on information technology process and supply chain redesign , primarily in 2019 and 2018. expenditures included as cash used in operations totaled $ 3.9 million , $ 8.3 million , and $ 24.1 million in 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . ​ investing activities from continuing operations used cash of $ 279.7 million , $ 458.8 million , and $ 47.1 million in 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . in 2020 , cash used in investing activities included $ 197.8 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of pixia and $ 37.0 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of delerrok .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```liquidity and capital resources ​ operating activities from continuing operations used cash of $ 8.3 million and $ 31.9 million in 2020 and 2019 , respectively , and provided cash of $ 8.6 million in 2018. our operating cash flows have been significantly impacted by our consolidated vie , which used cash of $ 112.5 million , $ 50.2 million , and $ 22.4 million in 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . excluding the impact of our consolidated vie , cash flows from operating activities improved by $ 85.9 million in 2020 as compared to 2019 , driven by higher billings and collections on our long-term contracts . our contract terms with our customers can have a significant impact on our operating cash flows . contract terms , including payment terms on our long-term development contracts , are customized for each contract based upon negotiations with the respective customer . changes in the amount of contract assets are reflective of the difference between when costs are incurred and when we are able to bill for milestone payments . in 2020 , contract assets decreased by $ 80.8 million from 2019 while in 2019 , contract assets increased by $ 77.4 million from 2018 . ​ changes in our operating cash flows have also been impacted by our expenditures on information technology process and supply chain redesign , primarily in 2019 and 2018. expenditures included as cash used in operations totaled $ 3.9 million , $ 8.3 million , and $ 24.1 million in 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . ​ investing activities from continuing operations used cash of $ 279.7 million , $ 458.8 million , and $ 47.1 million in 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . in 2020 , cash used in investing activities included $ 197.8 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of pixia and $ 37.0 million of cash paid related to the acquisition of delerrok .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : while we expect the pandemic to continue to negatively impact our results , the current level of uncertainty over the economic and operational impacts of covid-19 could lead to variability in results . ​ fiscal 2020 results compared with fiscal 2019 results ​ consolidated results ​ replace_table_token_3_th ​ note on non-gaap measures : throughout the following results of operations discussion , we disclose certain non-gaap financial measures , including adjusted ebitda , adjusted net income and adjusted eps . for an explanation and reconciliation of such measures , see the section titled ‘ non-gaap financial information ' below . ​ sales : our sales decreased 1 % to $ 1.476 billion in fiscal 2020 ( 2020 ) from $ 1.496 billion in fiscal 2019 ( 2019 ) . sales from cgd and cts decreased by 6 % and 1 % , respectively , while cms sales increased by 3 % fr om 2019. sales in 2020 were negatively impacted by covid-19 due to a decrease in sales resulting from lower transit ridership and delayed orders across all three of our business segments . sales generated by businesses we acquired during 2020 and 2019 totaled $ 122.4 million in 2020 , compared to $ 81.8 million in 2019. see the segment discussions below for further analysis of segment sales . the average exchange rates between the prevailing currencies in our foreign operations and the u.s. dollar had a net unfavorable impact on sales of $ 4.5 million in 2020 compared to 2019 . 36 ​ gross margin : our gross margin percentage on products sales was 28 % in 2020 and 2019. margins in 2020 were negatively impacted in cms due to lower sales of high margin expeditionary satellite communications products and investment in secure communications development contracts , offset by higher margins in cts driven by contract mix and , the impact of cost savings initiatives . our gross margin percentage on service sales increased to 36 % in 2020 from 31 % in 2019. the increase was primarily driven by the impact of productivity initiatives in cts , as well as services sales mix . ​ selling , general , and administrative : sg & a expenses increased to $ 274.7 million in 2020 from $ 270.1 million in 2019. as a percentage of sales , sg & a expenses were 19 % in 2020 compared to 18 % in 2019. the increase in sg & a expenses was driven by a $ 5.7 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $ 9.0 million increase from additional sg & a expenses incurred by businesses we acquired during 2020 and 2019. these increases were partially offset by cost reduction initiatives . ​ restructuring : re structuring expenses increased to $ 16.6 million in 2020 compared to $ 15.4 million in 2019. restructuring expenses in 2020 include consulting and other costs incurred in connection with our nextcubic transformation initiatives to restructure the way we work and operate as a business , as well as costs related to the realignment of our defense businesses into cmps . restructuring expenses in fiscal 2020 and 2019 also include consulting and employee severance expenses related to performance enhancement and cost savings measures including the redesign of our supply chain strategy . ​ research & development : internally funded company-sponsored research and development ( “ r & d ” ) expenses included in our consolidated statements of operations are as follows ( in thousands ) : ​ replace_table_token_4_th ​ company-sponsored r & d expense decreased $ 5.6 million in 2020 due to the timing of certain planned r & d projects at cts and cgd . in 2020 , cts continued to make r & d investments in new transportation product development , including fare collection technologies , real-time passenger information and development of intelligent transport systems and analytic technologies . cms ' r & d investments included secure communications and isr-as-a-service technologies , and cgd 's r & d expenditures focused on next generation live , virtual and constructive training systems . ​ in addition to company-sponsored r & d , a significant portion of our new product development occurs in conjunction with the performance of work on our contracts . these costs are included in cost of sales in our consolidated statements of operations as they are directly related to contract performance . the cost of contract r & d activities included in our cost of sales are as follows ( in thousands ) : replace_table_token_5_th ​ the increase in contract r & d activities is primarily related to investments in new secure communication technologies at cms . 37 ​ amortization of purchased intangibles : amortization of purchased intangibles totaled $ 59.3 million in 2020 compared to $ 42.1 million in 2019. the increase in amortization expense was driven by the completion of our acquisitions of delerrok inc. ( “ delerrok ” ) and pixia corp. ( “ pixia ” ) in january 2020 , partially offset by lower amortization of purchased intangible assets that are amortized based upon accelerated methods . ​ operating income : operating income decreased to $ 61.6 million in 2020 compared to $ 86.2 million in 2019. cts operating income increased by 57 % to $ 121.0 million in 2020 compared to $ 77.2 million in 2019. this increase was partially offset by cms operating results as cms generated an operating loss of $ 26.7 million in 2020 compared to operating income of $ 7.8 million in 2019. cgd 's operating income was flat at $ 22.9 million in 2020 compared to $ 23.0 million in 2019. our operating results were impacted by the accounting for businesses we acquired in 2020 and 2019 . story_separator_special_tag ​ 42 amortization of purchased intangibles : amortization of purchased intangibles totaled $ 42.1 million in 2019 compared to $ 27.1 million in 2018. the increase is due to the amortization of purchased intangibles for companies acquired by cubic in fiscal year 2019 . ​ gain on the sale of fixed assets : in line with our one cubic strategic objective , in fiscal 2019 , we entered into agreements related to the construction and leasing of two buildings on our existing corporate campus in san diego , california that will allow us to co-locate our san diego-based employees on a single modern campus to foster innovation and collaboration across our business . under these agreements , a financial institution will own the buildings , and we will lease the facilities for a term of five years commencing upon their completion . ​ in the third quarter of 2019 , we sold land and buildings comprising our separate cts campus in san diego and entered into a lease with the buyer until the new buildings on our corporate campus are ready for occupancy in fiscal 2021. in the third quarter of 2019 , we also sold land and buildings in orlando , florida and entered a lease for new space with a smaller footprint in orlando to accommodate our employees and operations there . in connection with the sale of these real estate campuses we received total net proceeds of $ 44.9 million and recognized net gains on the sales totaling $ 32.5 million within operating income . ​ operating income : operating income increased to $ 86.2 million in 2019 compared to $ 24.4 million in 2018 driven by improvements in profitability from all three of our businesses . cts operating income increased by 28 % to $ 77.2 million in 2019 compared to $ 60.4 million in 2018 , primarily due to increased volumes on contracts in new york , boston , san francisco bay area and brisbane . cms generated operating income of $ 7.8 million in fiscal 2019 compared to an operating loss of $ 0.1 million in 2018 which was driven by increases in sales across all major product lines . cgd 's operating income increased 39 % to $ 23.0 million in 2019 compared to $ 16.6 million in 2018 primarily due to the results of cost reduction efforts and reduced r & d expenditures . businesses acquired in 2019 and 2018 generated operating losses of $ 22.9 million in 2019 compared to $ 3.5 million in 2018 , including acquisition-related costs totaling $ 9.7 million in 2019 and $ 1.0 million in 2018 , and including amortization of purchased intangible assets of $ 22.0 million in 2019 and $ 0.5 million in 2018. excluding the gain on sale of fixed assets noted above , the unallocated corporate and other costs were $ 54.3 million in 2019 compared to $ 52.5 million in 2018 , and included expenses related to strategic and it system resource planning as part of our one cubic initiative totaling $ 8.2 million in 2019 and $ 24.1 million in 2018. unallocated corporate costs also include restructuring charges of $ 8.9 million and $ 3.1 million in fiscal years 2019 and 2018 , respectively . the average exchange rates between the prevailing currencies in our foreign operations and the u.s. dollar resulted in a decrease in operating income of $ 3.7 million in 2019 compared to 2018. see the segment discussions below for further analysis of segment operating income . ​ interest and dividend income and interest expense : interest and dividend income was $ 6.5 million in 2019 compared to $ 1.6 million in 2018. the increase in interest income in 2019 was primarily due to the interest income recorded on long-term contracts financing receivables in our consolidated balance sheet . under asc 606 , in 2019 we recognized interest income on such receivables . interest expense was $ 20.5 million in 2019 compared to $ 10.4 million in 2018. the change in interest expense generally reflected the increase in our average outstanding debt balances primarily due to the acquisition of three businesses . ​ other income ( expense ) : other income ( expense ) netted to expense of $ 20.0 million in 2019 and $ 0.7 million in 2018. the nonoperating expense in 2019 included unrealized losses of $ 21.6 million caused by the change in the fair value of an interest rate swap held by a vie that is consolidated by cubic . the 90 percent noncontrolling interest in the net loss of the consolidated vie , which is comprised primarily of the vie 's loss on its interest rate swap , is added back to our net income to arrive at net income attributable to cubic . ​ income tax provision : our income tax provision totaled $ 11.0 million ( effective rate of 21 % ) for fiscal 2019 , compared to an income tax provision of $ 7.1 million ( effective rate of 48 % ) for fiscal 2018. the fiscal 2019 tax provision primarily resulted from tax on foreign earnings and state income tax , partially offset by tax benefits in connection with acquisitions involving significant u.s. deferred tax liabilities which allowed for a subsequent release of deferred tax valuation allowance . the fiscal 2018 tax provision , as a result of the tax cuts and jobs act of 2017 ( u.s. tax reform ) , includes a one-time non-cash tax benefit of $ 7.1 million , primarily related to the re-measurement of certain u.s. deferred tax 43 liabilities and the impact of the utilization of indefinite lived deferred tax liabilities as a source of future taxable income when assessing the realizability of indefinite lived deferred tax assets . ​ until we re-establish a pattern of continuing profitability , in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance , u.s. income tax expense or benefit related to the recognition of deferred tax assets in

