we believe that the presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency and facilitates comparison of operating results across a broad spectrum of companies with varying capital structures , compensation strategies , derivative instruments and amortization methods , which provides a more complete understanding of our financial performance , competitive position and prospects for the future . we also believe that investors regularly rely on non-gaap financial measures , such as the adjusted earnings measures , to assess operating performance and that such measures may highlight trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying on financial measures calculated in accordance with gaap . in addition , we believe that the adjustments shown below are useful to investors in order to allow them to compare our financial results during the periods shown without the effect of each of these income or expense items . the following table provides reconciliations between net income and diluted earnings per share calculated in accordance with gaap to the adjusted earnings measures , which are shown net of tax ( in thousands , except per share data ) : replace_table_token_5_th ( a ) for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , we recorded $ 25.0 million ( $ 19.6 million net of tax ) and $ 22.9 million ( $ 17.7 million net of tax ) losses on early extinguishment of debt , respectively , related to the repurchase of $ 345 million of principal amount of senior notes in 2018 and the repurchase of $ 155.0 million principal amount of senior notes and the redemption of $ 160.9 million of securitization notes in 2017 . ( b ) for the years ended december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , we recorded a $ 2.4 million ( $ 1.8 million net of tax ) and a $ 3.3 million ( $ 2.0 million net of tax ) fair value adjustment to contingent consideration , respectively , related to a prior year acquisition . ( c ) for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , we recorded income tax benefits of $ 11.2 million and $ 7.5 million , respectively , from the u.s. tax cuts and jobs act . ( d ) for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , we consented to the issuance of a consent order by the cfpb , pursuant to which it agreed , without admitting or denying any of the facts or conclusions made by the cfpb from its 2014 review of us , to pay a civil money penalty of $ 3.2 million , which is nondeductible for tax purposes . 48 adjusted ebitda the table below shows adjusted ebitda , which is a non-gaap measure that we define as earnings excluding depreciation , amortization , interest , foreign currency transaction gains or losses , taxes and stock-based compensation expense . we believe adjusted ebitda is used by investors to analyze operating performance and evaluate our ability to incur and service debt and our capacity for making capital expenditures . adjusted ebitda is also useful to investors to help assess our estimated enterprise value . in addition , we believe that the adjustments for loss on early extinguishment of debt , acquisition-related costs and the regulatory settlement shown below are useful to investors in order to allow them to compare our financial results during the periods shown without the effect of the income or expense items . the computation of adjusted ebitda as presented below may differ from the computation of similarly-titled measures provided by other companies ( dollars in thousands ) : replace_table_token_6_th refer to footnotes in previous table for explanation of ( a ) , ( b ) , and ( d ) constant currency basis in addition to reporting financial results in accordance with gaap , we have provided certain other non-gaap financial information on a constant currency basis . outside of the united states , we currently operate in the united kingdom and brazil . during 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , 15.0 % , 15.9 % and 16.4 % of our revenue , respectively , originated in currencies other than the u.s. dollar , principally the british pound sterling and brazilian real . as a result , changes in our reported revenue and profits include the impacts of changes in foreign currency exchange rates . we provide constant currency assessments in the following discussion and analysis to isolate the impact of the fluctuation in foreign exchange rates and utilize constant currency results in our analysis of performance . our constant currency assessment assumes foreign exchange rates in the current fiscal periods remained the same as in the prior fiscal year periods . all conversion rates below are based on the u.s. dollar equivalent to one of the applicable foreign currencies : replace_table_token_7_th we believe that our non-gaap constant currency assessments are a useful measure , indicating the actual growth and profitability of our operations . 49 combined loans and finance receivables combined loans and finance receivables is a non-gaap measure that includes both loans and rpas we own and loans we guarantee , which are either gaap items or disclosures required by gaap . we believe this non-gaap measure provides investors with important information needed to evaluate the magnitude of potential receivable losses and the opportunity for revenue performance of the loans and finance receivables portfolio on an aggregate basis . we also believe that the comparison of the aggregate amounts from period to period is more meaningful than comparing only the amounts reflected on our consolidated balance sheets since both revenue and cost of revenue are impacted by the aggregate amount of receivables we own and those we guarantee as reflected in our consolidated financial statements . story_separator_special_tag provision for income taxes provision for income taxes decreased $ 2.4 million , or 27.1 % , to $ 6.3 million in 2018 compared to $ 8.7 million in 2017. the decrease was attributable to the estimated tax effects of optimizing the timing of certain income tax deductions for prior year loan and fixed asset related deferred tax items , coupled with the overall decrease in the federal tax rate from 35 % to 21 % resulting from the tax cuts and jobs act , which was enacted into law on december 22 , 2017 . refer to note 9 in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional discussion . the balance of unrecognized tax benefits recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as of december 31 , 2018 was $ 13.3 million , all of which , if recognized , would favorably affect the effective tax rate in the period of recognition . we believe it is reasonably possible that , within the next twelve months , unrecognized domestic tax benefits will change by a significant amount . the principal uncertainties are related to the timing of recognition of income and losses related to our loan portfolio . we anticipate a joint committee on taxation review of certain tax returns that were filed during 2018 in conjunction with the refunds claimed on those returns . depending upon the outcome of the review and any related agreements or settlements with the relevant taxing authorities , the amount of the uncertainty , including amounts that would be recognized as a component of the effective tax rate , could change significantly . while the total amount of uncertainty to be resolved is not clear , it is reasonably possible that the uncertainties pertaining to this matter will be resolved in the next twelve months . year ended 2017 compared to year ended 2016 revenue and gross profit revenue increased $ 98.1 million , or 13.2 % , to $ 843.7 million for 2017 as compared to $ 745.6 million for 2016. on a constant currency basis , revenue increased by $ 102.2 million , or 13.7 % , for 2017 compared to 2016. the change in revenue was driven by an increase in revenue of $ 86.5 million from our domestic operations , primarily resulting from a 19.5 % increase in domestic line of credit accounts revenue in 2017 and a 16.9 % increase in domestic installment loan and rpa revenue compared to 2016 driven by growth in these products . additionally , revenue from international operations increased $ 11.6 million ( or an increase of $ 15.6 million on a constant currency basis ) , due primarily to a 17.1 % increase in international installment loan revenue and a 4.9 % increase in international short-term loan revenue in 2017 compared to 2016. our gross profit increased by $ 29.5 million or 7.1 % to $ 447.1 million for 2017 from $ 417.6 million for 2016. on a constant currency basis , gross profit increased by $ 33.1 million for 2017 compared to 2016. our gross profit margin decreased to 53.0 % in 2017 from 56.0 % in 2016. the decrease in gross profit margin was driven primarily by the strong new customer growth of our domestic and international installment portfolios resulting in a higher mix of new customers overall , which require higher loss provisions as new customers default at a higher rate than returning customers with a successful history of loan performance . although the growth in our domestic near-prime installment portfolio contributed to the lower gross profit margin , as the portfolio continues to scale and the underlying longer term loans continue to season , we expect to achieve increased marginal profitability . 59 the following tables set forth the components of revenue and gross profit , separated between domestic and international for 2017 and 2016 ( dollars in thousands ) : replace_table_token_22_th replace_table_token_23_th loan and finance receivable balances the outstanding combined portfolio balance of loans and finance receivables , net of allowance and liability for estimated losses , increased $ 144.8 million , or 24.5 % , to $ 736.6 million as of december 31 , 2017 from $ 591.8 million as of december 31 , 2016 , due primarily to increased demand for our domestic near-prime installment product and an increase in international loan balances ( up 23.7 % on a constant currency basis ) . the outstanding loan balance for our domestic near-prime product increased 32.9 % as of december 31 , 2017 compared to december 31 , 2016 , resulting in a domestic near-prime portfolio balance that comprises approximately 43 % of our total loan and finance receivables portfolio balance while short-term loans comprise approximately 12 % . we expect this trend to continue as we expand our near-prime installment product offering in 2018. we expect the loan balances for our domestic near-prime installment loan product will continue to comprise a larger percentage of the total loan and finance receivable portfolio , due to consumer demand for the product and its longer loan term . see “ —non-gaap financial measures—combined loans and finance receivables ” above for additional information related to combined loans and finance receivables . 60 the combined loan and finance receivables balance includes $ 827.7 million and $ 660.5 million as of december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively , of company-owned receivables balances before the allowance for losses of $ 123.0 million and $ 98.9 million provided in the consolidated financial statements for december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . the combined loan and finance receivables balance also includes $ 34.1 million and $ 32.2 million as of december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively , of loan and finance receivable balances that are guaranteed by us , which are not included in our consolidated balance sheets , with the exception of the liability for estimated losses of $ 2.3 million and $ 2.0 million , which

cash flows our cash flows and other key indicators of liquidity are summarized as follows ( dollars in thousands ) : replace_table_token_36_th ( a ) total debt to adjusted ebitda , a non-gaap measure , is calculated using adjusted ebitda for the twelve months ended for the respective period indicated . see “ —non-gaap financial measures—adjusted ebitda. ” cash flows from operating activities 2018 comparison to 2017 net cash provided by operating activities increased $ 237.7 million , or 53.1 % , to $ 684.8 million for 2018 from $ 447.2 million for 2017. the increase was driven primarily by overall growth in the business with interest and fees paid by customers outpacing operating cash outflows . 2017 comparison to 2016 net cash provided by operating activities increased $ 53.8 million , or 13.7 % , to $ 447.2 million for 2017 from $ 393.4 million for 2016. the increase was driven primarily by a $ 68.6 million increase in cost of revenue , a non-cash expense , partially offset by a $ 5.4 million decrease in net income , which reflects $ 22.9 million of losses on early extinguishment of debt in 2017. other significant changes in net cash provided by operating activities for 2017 compared to 2016 included cash flows from the following activities : changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses resulted in a decrease of $ 13.8 million due primarily to changes in accrued rent and accrued interest and changes in current income taxes payable resulted in a $ 10.2 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities , due primarily to less estimated tax paid at both a federal and state level , and utilization of 2016 tax return carryforwards . cash flows from investing activities 2018 comparison to 2017 net cash used in investing activities increased $ 196.4 million , or 37.4 % , for 2018 compared to 2017 , due primarily to a $ 195.3 million increase in net cash invested in loans and finance receivables , due to a 23.3 % increase in loans and finance receivables originated or purchased .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash flows our cash flows and other key indicators of liquidity are summarized as follows ( dollars in thousands ) : replace_table_token_36_th ( a ) total debt to adjusted ebitda , a non-gaap measure , is calculated using adjusted ebitda for the twelve months ended for the respective period indicated . see “ —non-gaap financial measures—adjusted ebitda. ” cash flows from operating activities 2018 comparison to 2017 net cash provided by operating activities increased $ 237.7 million , or 53.1 % , to $ 684.8 million for 2018 from $ 447.2 million for 2017. the increase was driven primarily by overall growth in the business with interest and fees paid by customers outpacing operating cash outflows . 2017 comparison to 2016 net cash provided by operating activities increased $ 53.8 million , or 13.7 % , to $ 447.2 million for 2017 from $ 393.4 million for 2016. the increase was driven primarily by a $ 68.6 million increase in cost of revenue , a non-cash expense , partially offset by a $ 5.4 million decrease in net income , which reflects $ 22.9 million of losses on early extinguishment of debt in 2017. other significant changes in net cash provided by operating activities for 2017 compared to 2016 included cash flows from the following activities : changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses resulted in a decrease of $ 13.8 million due primarily to changes in accrued rent and accrued interest and changes in current income taxes payable resulted in a $ 10.2 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities , due primarily to less estimated tax paid at both a federal and state level , and utilization of 2016 tax return carryforwards . cash flows from investing activities 2018 comparison to 2017 net cash used in investing activities increased $ 196.4 million , or 37.4 % , for 2018 compared to 2017 , due primarily to a $ 195.3 million increase in net cash invested in loans and finance receivables , due to a 23.3 % increase in loans and finance receivables originated or purchased .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : we believe that the presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency and facilitates comparison of operating results across a broad spectrum of companies with varying capital structures , compensation strategies , derivative instruments and amortization methods , which provides a more complete understanding of our financial performance , competitive position and prospects for the future . we also believe that investors regularly rely on non-gaap financial measures , such as the adjusted earnings measures , to assess operating performance and that such measures may highlight trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying on financial measures calculated in accordance with gaap . in addition , we believe that the adjustments shown below are useful to investors in order to allow them to compare our financial results during the periods shown without the effect of each of these income or expense items . the following table provides reconciliations between net income and diluted earnings per share calculated in accordance with gaap to the adjusted earnings measures , which are shown net of tax ( in thousands , except per share data ) : replace_table_token_5_th ( a ) for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , we recorded $ 25.0 million ( $ 19.6 million net of tax ) and $ 22.9 million ( $ 17.7 million net of tax ) losses on early extinguishment of debt , respectively , related to the repurchase of $ 345 million of principal amount of senior notes in 2018 and the repurchase of $ 155.0 million principal amount of senior notes and the redemption of $ 160.9 million of securitization notes in 2017 . ( b ) for the years ended december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , we recorded a $ 2.4 million ( $ 1.8 million net of tax ) and a $ 3.3 million ( $ 2.0 million net of tax ) fair value adjustment to contingent consideration , respectively , related to a prior year acquisition . ( c ) for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , we recorded income tax benefits of $ 11.2 million and $ 7.5 million , respectively , from the u.s. tax cuts and jobs act . ( d ) for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , we consented to the issuance of a consent order by the cfpb , pursuant to which it agreed , without admitting or denying any of the facts or conclusions made by the cfpb from its 2014 review of us , to pay a civil money penalty of $ 3.2 million , which is nondeductible for tax purposes . 48 adjusted ebitda the table below shows adjusted ebitda , which is a non-gaap measure that we define as earnings excluding depreciation , amortization , interest , foreign currency transaction gains or losses , taxes and stock-based compensation expense . we believe adjusted ebitda is used by investors to analyze operating performance and evaluate our ability to incur and service debt and our capacity for making capital expenditures . adjusted ebitda is also useful to investors to help assess our estimated enterprise value . in addition , we believe that the adjustments for loss on early extinguishment of debt , acquisition-related costs and the regulatory settlement shown below are useful to investors in order to allow them to compare our financial results during the periods shown without the effect of the income or expense items . the computation of adjusted ebitda as presented below may differ from the computation of similarly-titled measures provided by other companies ( dollars in thousands ) : replace_table_token_6_th refer to footnotes in previous table for explanation of ( a ) , ( b ) , and ( d ) constant currency basis in addition to reporting financial results in accordance with gaap , we have provided certain other non-gaap financial information on a constant currency basis . outside of the united states , we currently operate in the united kingdom and brazil . during 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , 15.0 % , 15.9 % and 16.4 % of our revenue , respectively , originated in currencies other than the u.s. dollar , principally the british pound sterling and brazilian real . as a result , changes in our reported revenue and profits include the impacts of changes in foreign currency exchange rates . we provide constant currency assessments in the following discussion and analysis to isolate the impact of the fluctuation in foreign exchange rates and utilize constant currency results in our analysis of performance . our constant currency assessment assumes foreign exchange rates in the current fiscal periods remained the same as in the prior fiscal year periods . all conversion rates below are based on the u.s. dollar equivalent to one of the applicable foreign currencies : replace_table_token_7_th we believe that our non-gaap constant currency assessments are a useful measure , indicating the actual growth and profitability of our operations . 49 combined loans and finance receivables combined loans and finance receivables is a non-gaap measure that includes both loans and rpas we own and loans we guarantee , which are either gaap items or disclosures required by gaap . we believe this non-gaap measure provides investors with important information needed to evaluate the magnitude of potential receivable losses and the opportunity for revenue performance of the loans and finance receivables portfolio on an aggregate basis . we also believe that the comparison of the aggregate amounts from period to period is more meaningful than comparing only the amounts reflected on our consolidated balance sheets since both revenue and cost of revenue are impacted by the aggregate amount of receivables we own and those we guarantee as reflected in our consolidated financial statements . story_separator_special_tag provision for income taxes provision for income taxes decreased $ 2.4 million , or 27.1 % , to $ 6.3 million in 2018 compared to $ 8.7 million in 2017. the decrease was attributable to the estimated tax effects of optimizing the timing of certain income tax deductions for prior year loan and fixed asset related deferred tax items , coupled with the overall decrease in the federal tax rate from 35 % to 21 % resulting from the tax cuts and jobs act , which was enacted into law on december 22 , 2017 . refer to note 9 in the notes to consolidated financial statements for additional discussion . the balance of unrecognized tax benefits recorded in our consolidated balance sheet as of december 31 , 2018 was $ 13.3 million , all of which , if recognized , would favorably affect the effective tax rate in the period of recognition . we believe it is reasonably possible that , within the next twelve months , unrecognized domestic tax benefits will change by a significant amount . the principal uncertainties are related to the timing of recognition of income and losses related to our loan portfolio . we anticipate a joint committee on taxation review of certain tax returns that were filed during 2018 in conjunction with the refunds claimed on those returns . depending upon the outcome of the review and any related agreements or settlements with the relevant taxing authorities , the amount of the uncertainty , including amounts that would be recognized as a component of the effective tax rate , could change significantly . while the total amount of uncertainty to be resolved is not clear , it is reasonably possible that the uncertainties pertaining to this matter will be resolved in the next twelve months . year ended 2017 compared to year ended 2016 revenue and gross profit revenue increased $ 98.1 million , or 13.2 % , to $ 843.7 million for 2017 as compared to $ 745.6 million for 2016. on a constant currency basis , revenue increased by $ 102.2 million , or 13.7 % , for 2017 compared to 2016. the change in revenue was driven by an increase in revenue of $ 86.5 million from our domestic operations , primarily resulting from a 19.5 % increase in domestic line of credit accounts revenue in 2017 and a 16.9 % increase in domestic installment loan and rpa revenue compared to 2016 driven by growth in these products . additionally , revenue from international operations increased $ 11.6 million ( or an increase of $ 15.6 million on a constant currency basis ) , due primarily to a 17.1 % increase in international installment loan revenue and a 4.9 % increase in international short-term loan revenue in 2017 compared to 2016. our gross profit increased by $ 29.5 million or 7.1 % to $ 447.1 million for 2017 from $ 417.6 million for 2016. on a constant currency basis , gross profit increased by $ 33.1 million for 2017 compared to 2016. our gross profit margin decreased to 53.0 % in 2017 from 56.0 % in 2016. the decrease in gross profit margin was driven primarily by the strong new customer growth of our domestic and international installment portfolios resulting in a higher mix of new customers overall , which require higher loss provisions as new customers default at a higher rate than returning customers with a successful history of loan performance . although the growth in our domestic near-prime installment portfolio contributed to the lower gross profit margin , as the portfolio continues to scale and the underlying longer term loans continue to season , we expect to achieve increased marginal profitability . 59 the following tables set forth the components of revenue and gross profit , separated between domestic and international for 2017 and 2016 ( dollars in thousands ) : replace_table_token_22_th replace_table_token_23_th loan and finance receivable balances the outstanding combined portfolio balance of loans and finance receivables , net of allowance and liability for estimated losses , increased $ 144.8 million , or 24.5 % , to $ 736.6 million as of december 31 , 2017 from $ 591.8 million as of december 31 , 2016 , due primarily to increased demand for our domestic near-prime installment product and an increase in international loan balances ( up 23.7 % on a constant currency basis ) . the outstanding loan balance for our domestic near-prime product increased 32.9 % as of december 31 , 2017 compared to december 31 , 2016 , resulting in a domestic near-prime portfolio balance that comprises approximately 43 % of our total loan and finance receivables portfolio balance while short-term loans comprise approximately 12 % . we expect this trend to continue as we expand our near-prime installment product offering in 2018. we expect the loan balances for our domestic near-prime installment loan product will continue to comprise a larger percentage of the total loan and finance receivable portfolio , due to consumer demand for the product and its longer loan term . see “ —non-gaap financial measures—combined loans and finance receivables ” above for additional information related to combined loans and finance receivables . 60 the combined loan and finance receivables balance includes $ 827.7 million and $ 660.5 million as of december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively , of company-owned receivables balances before the allowance for losses of $ 123.0 million and $ 98.9 million provided in the consolidated financial statements for december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively . the combined loan and finance receivables balance also includes $ 34.1 million and $ 32.2 million as of december 31 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively , of loan and finance receivable balances that are guaranteed by us , which are not included in our consolidated balance sheets , with the exception of the liability for estimated losses of $ 2.3 million and $ 2.0 million , which

