leveraging our scientific insights and clinical experience , we have acquired or in-licensed three proprietary compounds that are currently in development . we believe these compounds have innovative mechanisms of action and therapeutic profiles that potentially address the unmet needs of patients with these diseases . our product portfolio and potential indications include : roluperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia ; seltorexant ( also known as min-202 or jnj-42847922 ) , which we are co-developing with janssen pharmaceutica nv ( “ janssen ” ) , for the treatment of insomnia disorder and major depressive disorder ( “ mdd ” ) ; and min-301 for the treatment of parkinson 's disease . we believe our product candidates have significant potential to improve the lives of a large number of affected patients and their families who are currently not well-served by available therapies . in november 2013 , cyrenaic pharmaceuticals , inc. ( “ cyrenaic ” ) , and sonkei pharmaceuticals , inc. ( “ sonkei ” ) , merged , and the combined company was renamed minerva neurosciences , inc. cyrenaic had been incorporated in 2007 and had exclusively licensed roluperidone from mitsubishi tanabe pharma corporation ( “ mtpc ” ) . sonkei had been incorporated in 2008 and had exclusively licensed min-117 from mtpc . we executed the merger as we saw an opportunity to better serve an underserved patient population through combining a portfolio of promising product candidates targeting cns diseases . as a result of the merger , we have the rights to develop and commercialize roluperidone and min-117 globally , excluding most of asia . we further expanded our product candidate portfolio in february 2014 by acquiring the shares of mind-nrg sa ( “ mind-nrg ” ) , which had exclusive rights to develop and commercialize min-301 . in addition , in february 2014 we entered into a co-development and license agreement with janssen , one of the janssen pharmaceutical companies of johnson & johnson , for the co-development of seltorexant . we entered into an amendment to this agreement in june 2017 that took effect on august 29 , 2017. under the amended agreement , we gained global strategic control of the development of seltorexant to treat insomnia , and janssen waived its right to royalties on seltorexant insomnia sales in the minerva territory , which includes the european union , switzerland , liechtenstein , iceland and norway ( the “ minerva territory ” ) . we retain our rights to seltorexant as adjunctive therapy for mdd , which include an exclusive license in the minerva territory with royalties payable by us to janssen , and royalties on sales payable by janssen to minerva elsewhere worldwide . ( see seltorexant – amendment to co-development and license agreement below . ) we have not received regulatory approvals to commercialize any of our product candidates , and we have not generated any revenue from the sales or license of our product candidates . we have incurred significant operating losses since inception . we expect to incur net losses and negative cash flow from operating activities for the foreseeable future in connection with the clinical development and the potential regulatory approval , infrastructure development and commercialization of our product candidates . financial overview revenue none of our product candidates have been approved for commercialization and we have not received any revenue in connection with the sale or license of our product candidates . as a result of the amendment to our co-development and license agreement with janssen , we have deferred revenue that will be recognized in future periods , the timing of which is subject to certain future events that will be evaluated in conjunction with the relevant revenue recognition pronouncements . 56 research and development expenses research and development expenses consists of costs incurred in connection with the development of our product candidates , including : fees paid to consultants and clinical research organizations , or cros , including in connection with our non-clinical and clinical trials , and other related clinical trial fees , such as for investigator grants , patient screening , laboratory work , clinical trial database management , clinical trial material management and statistical compilation and analysis ; licensing fees ; costs related to acquiring clinical trial materials ; costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements ; and costs related to salaries , benefits , bonuses and stock-based compensation granted to employees in research and development functions . we expense research and development costs as they are incurred . the historic direct costs relating to each of our product candidates are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : replace_table_token_1_th ( 1 ) the expense for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 excludes non cash stock-based compensation expense of $ 2.646 million and $ 2.257 million , respectively . ( 2 ) the min-117 expenses for the year ended december 31 , 2019 includes a $ 19.0 million expense for the impairment of the min-117 in-process research and development asset . ( 3 ) as a result of the amendment with janssen , we did not incur any development expense during the year ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. completion dates and completion costs can vary significantly for each product candidate and are difficult to predict . we anticipate we will make determinations as to which programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific and clinical success or failure of each product candidate , the estimated costs to continue the development program relative to our available resources , as well as an ongoing assessment as to each product candidate 's commercialpotential . story_separator_special_tag an ipr & d asset is considered abandoned when it ceases to be used ( that is , research and development efforts associated with the asset have ceased , and there are no plans to sell or license the asset or derive defensive value from the asset ) . at that point , the asset is considered to be disposed of and is written off . upon successful completion of each project , we will make a determination about the then remaining useful life of the intangible asset and begin amortization . we test our indefinite-lived intangibles , ipr & d assets , for impairment annually on november 30 and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired . in estimating the fair value of ipr & d , an income approach was used with a discounted cash flow analysis . many assumptions and estimates are included in this analysis including revenue and expense projections , probability of success factors , expected product launch date and a weighted average cost of capital of 20.0 % . 62 potential triggering e vents that could indicate whether an impairment to the ipr & d may have occurred include : clinical trial results where the compound under investigation did not meet pre ‑established criteria or clinical endpoints , failure to obtain regulatory approval , the in ability to fund future clinical trials , failure to obtain patent protection , adverse changes in the regulatory environment , the approval of competing therapies or compounds , adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations and a variety of other circumsta nces . the impairment of ipr & d could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition . in order to determine whether an impairment has occurred , management must evaluate the events and incorporate multiple assumptions including : costs associated wi th continuing the development program , competing therapies or compounds , potential market size , estimated future cash flows and other factors . when testing indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment , we may assess qualitative factors for our indefinite-li ved intangibles to determine whether it is more likely than not ( that is , a likelihood of more than 50 percent ) that the asset is impaired . alternatively , we may bypass this qualitative assessment for some or all of our indefinite-lived intangibles and per form the quantitative impairment test that compares the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset with the asset 's carrying amount . we test our ipr & d for impairment as of november 30. there was no impairment of the mind-nrg ipr & d asset for the ye ars ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. impairment of min-117 in-process research and development asset . as a result of our phase 2b trial of min-117 in adult patients suffering from moderate to severe mdd not meeting its primary and key secondary endpoints and our decision not to further the clinical development of min-117 in mdd , we determined that the min-117 ipr & d is fully impaired and recognized a $ 19.0 million expense , which was included as a component of research and development expense , during the year ended december 31 , 2019. there was no impairment of the min-117 ipr & d for the year ended december 31 , 2018. goodwill we test our goodwill for impairment annually , or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred , by comparing our reporting unit 's carrying value to its fair value . impairment may result from , among other things , deterioration in the performance of the acquired business , adverse market conditions , adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations and a variety of other circumstances . if we determine that an impairment has occurred , we are required to record a write-down of the carrying value and charge the impairment as an operating expense in the period the determination is made . in evaluating the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill , we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the acquired assets . changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact those judgments in the future and require an adjustment to the recorded balances . we test our goodwill for impairment as of november 30. there was no impairment of goodwill for the years ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. income taxes deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse . uncertain tax positions are evaluated and if appropriate , the amount of unrecognized tax benefits are recorded within deferred tax assets . deferred tax assets are evaluated for realization based on a more-likely-than-not criterion in determining if a valuation allowance should be provided . valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized . we use a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken , or expected to be taken , in a tax return . we have elected to treat interest and penalties , to the extent they arise , as a component of income taxes . there was no interest or penalties related to income taxes for the years ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. income tax years beginning in 2012 for federal and state purposes are generally subject to examination by taxing authorities , although net operating losses from all prior years are subject to examinations and adjustments for at least three years following the year in which the tax attributes are utilized . recent accounting pronouncements from time to time ,

cash flows the tables below set forth our significant sources and uses of cash for the periods set forth below . replace_table_token_3_th net cash used in operating activities net cash used in operating activities of approximately $ 43.4 million during the year ended december 31 , 2019 was primarily due to our net loss of $ 72.2 million , a decrease of $ 2.2 million in deferred taxes , and amortization of investments of $ 0.8 million , partially offset by an impairment expense of in-process research and development assets of $ 19.0 million , stock-based compensation expense of $ 9.2 million , an increase in accrued expenses $ 2.3 million , a decrease in prepaid expenses of $ 0.7 million , and an increase in accounts payable of $ 0.6 million . net cash used in operating activities of approximately $ 41.9 million during the year ended december 31 , 2018 was primarily due to our net loss of $ 50.2 million , an increase in prepaid expenses of $ 0.6 million and amortization of investments of $ 0.1 million , partially offset by stock-based compensation expense of $ 8.2 million , an increase in accounts payable of $ 0.4 million and an increase in accrued expenses $ 0.4 million . net cash provided by investing activities net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $ 14.1 million during the year ended december 31 , 2019 was primarily due to the maturity and redemption of marketable securities of $ 75.2 million , partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $ 61.1 million . net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $ 69.5 million during the year ended december 31 , 2018 was primarily due to the maturity and redemption of marketable securities of $ 110.2 million , partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $ 40.7 million .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash flows the tables below set forth our significant sources and uses of cash for the periods set forth below . replace_table_token_3_th net cash used in operating activities net cash used in operating activities of approximately $ 43.4 million during the year ended december 31 , 2019 was primarily due to our net loss of $ 72.2 million , a decrease of $ 2.2 million in deferred taxes , and amortization of investments of $ 0.8 million , partially offset by an impairment expense of in-process research and development assets of $ 19.0 million , stock-based compensation expense of $ 9.2 million , an increase in accrued expenses $ 2.3 million , a decrease in prepaid expenses of $ 0.7 million , and an increase in accounts payable of $ 0.6 million . net cash used in operating activities of approximately $ 41.9 million during the year ended december 31 , 2018 was primarily due to our net loss of $ 50.2 million , an increase in prepaid expenses of $ 0.6 million and amortization of investments of $ 0.1 million , partially offset by stock-based compensation expense of $ 8.2 million , an increase in accounts payable of $ 0.4 million and an increase in accrued expenses $ 0.4 million . net cash provided by investing activities net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $ 14.1 million during the year ended december 31 , 2019 was primarily due to the maturity and redemption of marketable securities of $ 75.2 million , partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $ 61.1 million . net cash provided by investing activities of approximately $ 69.5 million during the year ended december 31 , 2018 was primarily due to the maturity and redemption of marketable securities of $ 110.2 million , partially offset by the purchase of marketable securities of $ 40.7 million .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : leveraging our scientific insights and clinical experience , we have acquired or in-licensed three proprietary compounds that are currently in development . we believe these compounds have innovative mechanisms of action and therapeutic profiles that potentially address the unmet needs of patients with these diseases . our product portfolio and potential indications include : roluperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia ; seltorexant ( also known as min-202 or jnj-42847922 ) , which we are co-developing with janssen pharmaceutica nv ( “ janssen ” ) , for the treatment of insomnia disorder and major depressive disorder ( “ mdd ” ) ; and min-301 for the treatment of parkinson 's disease . we believe our product candidates have significant potential to improve the lives of a large number of affected patients and their families who are currently not well-served by available therapies . in november 2013 , cyrenaic pharmaceuticals , inc. ( “ cyrenaic ” ) , and sonkei pharmaceuticals , inc. ( “ sonkei ” ) , merged , and the combined company was renamed minerva neurosciences , inc. cyrenaic had been incorporated in 2007 and had exclusively licensed roluperidone from mitsubishi tanabe pharma corporation ( “ mtpc ” ) . sonkei had been incorporated in 2008 and had exclusively licensed min-117 from mtpc . we executed the merger as we saw an opportunity to better serve an underserved patient population through combining a portfolio of promising product candidates targeting cns diseases . as a result of the merger , we have the rights to develop and commercialize roluperidone and min-117 globally , excluding most of asia . we further expanded our product candidate portfolio in february 2014 by acquiring the shares of mind-nrg sa ( “ mind-nrg ” ) , which had exclusive rights to develop and commercialize min-301 . in addition , in february 2014 we entered into a co-development and license agreement with janssen , one of the janssen pharmaceutical companies of johnson & johnson , for the co-development of seltorexant . we entered into an amendment to this agreement in june 2017 that took effect on august 29 , 2017. under the amended agreement , we gained global strategic control of the development of seltorexant to treat insomnia , and janssen waived its right to royalties on seltorexant insomnia sales in the minerva territory , which includes the european union , switzerland , liechtenstein , iceland and norway ( the “ minerva territory ” ) . we retain our rights to seltorexant as adjunctive therapy for mdd , which include an exclusive license in the minerva territory with royalties payable by us to janssen , and royalties on sales payable by janssen to minerva elsewhere worldwide . ( see seltorexant – amendment to co-development and license agreement below . ) we have not received regulatory approvals to commercialize any of our product candidates , and we have not generated any revenue from the sales or license of our product candidates . we have incurred significant operating losses since inception . we expect to incur net losses and negative cash flow from operating activities for the foreseeable future in connection with the clinical development and the potential regulatory approval , infrastructure development and commercialization of our product candidates . financial overview revenue none of our product candidates have been approved for commercialization and we have not received any revenue in connection with the sale or license of our product candidates . as a result of the amendment to our co-development and license agreement with janssen , we have deferred revenue that will be recognized in future periods , the timing of which is subject to certain future events that will be evaluated in conjunction with the relevant revenue recognition pronouncements . 56 research and development expenses research and development expenses consists of costs incurred in connection with the development of our product candidates , including : fees paid to consultants and clinical research organizations , or cros , including in connection with our non-clinical and clinical trials , and other related clinical trial fees , such as for investigator grants , patient screening , laboratory work , clinical trial database management , clinical trial material management and statistical compilation and analysis ; licensing fees ; costs related to acquiring clinical trial materials ; costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements ; and costs related to salaries , benefits , bonuses and stock-based compensation granted to employees in research and development functions . we expense research and development costs as they are incurred . the historic direct costs relating to each of our product candidates are summarized as follows ( in thousands ) : replace_table_token_1_th ( 1 ) the expense for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 excludes non cash stock-based compensation expense of $ 2.646 million and $ 2.257 million , respectively . ( 2 ) the min-117 expenses for the year ended december 31 , 2019 includes a $ 19.0 million expense for the impairment of the min-117 in-process research and development asset . ( 3 ) as a result of the amendment with janssen , we did not incur any development expense during the year ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. completion dates and completion costs can vary significantly for each product candidate and are difficult to predict . we anticipate we will make determinations as to which programs to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific and clinical success or failure of each product candidate , the estimated costs to continue the development program relative to our available resources , as well as an ongoing assessment as to each product candidate 's commercialpotential . story_separator_special_tag an ipr & d asset is considered abandoned when it ceases to be used ( that is , research and development efforts associated with the asset have ceased , and there are no plans to sell or license the asset or derive defensive value from the asset ) . at that point , the asset is considered to be disposed of and is written off . upon successful completion of each project , we will make a determination about the then remaining useful life of the intangible asset and begin amortization . we test our indefinite-lived intangibles , ipr & d assets , for impairment annually on november 30 and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired . in estimating the fair value of ipr & d , an income approach was used with a discounted cash flow analysis . many assumptions and estimates are included in this analysis including revenue and expense projections , probability of success factors , expected product launch date and a weighted average cost of capital of 20.0 % . 62 potential triggering e vents that could indicate whether an impairment to the ipr & d may have occurred include : clinical trial results where the compound under investigation did not meet pre ‑established criteria or clinical endpoints , failure to obtain regulatory approval , the in ability to fund future clinical trials , failure to obtain patent protection , adverse changes in the regulatory environment , the approval of competing therapies or compounds , adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations and a variety of other circumsta nces . the impairment of ipr & d could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition . in order to determine whether an impairment has occurred , management must evaluate the events and incorporate multiple assumptions including : costs associated wi th continuing the development program , competing therapies or compounds , potential market size , estimated future cash flows and other factors . when testing indefinite-lived intangibles for impairment , we may assess qualitative factors for our indefinite-li ved intangibles to determine whether it is more likely than not ( that is , a likelihood of more than 50 percent ) that the asset is impaired . alternatively , we may bypass this qualitative assessment for some or all of our indefinite-lived intangibles and per form the quantitative impairment test that compares the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset with the asset 's carrying amount . we test our ipr & d for impairment as of november 30. there was no impairment of the mind-nrg ipr & d asset for the ye ars ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. impairment of min-117 in-process research and development asset . as a result of our phase 2b trial of min-117 in adult patients suffering from moderate to severe mdd not meeting its primary and key secondary endpoints and our decision not to further the clinical development of min-117 in mdd , we determined that the min-117 ipr & d is fully impaired and recognized a $ 19.0 million expense , which was included as a component of research and development expense , during the year ended december 31 , 2019. there was no impairment of the min-117 ipr & d for the year ended december 31 , 2018. goodwill we test our goodwill for impairment annually , or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred , by comparing our reporting unit 's carrying value to its fair value . impairment may result from , among other things , deterioration in the performance of the acquired business , adverse market conditions , adverse changes in applicable laws or regulations and a variety of other circumstances . if we determine that an impairment has occurred , we are required to record a write-down of the carrying value and charge the impairment as an operating expense in the period the determination is made . in evaluating the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill , we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the acquired assets . changes in strategy or market conditions could significantly impact those judgments in the future and require an adjustment to the recorded balances . we test our goodwill for impairment as of november 30. there was no impairment of goodwill for the years ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. income taxes deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse . uncertain tax positions are evaluated and if appropriate , the amount of unrecognized tax benefits are recorded within deferred tax assets . deferred tax assets are evaluated for realization based on a more-likely-than-not criterion in determining if a valuation allowance should be provided . valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized . we use a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken , or expected to be taken , in a tax return . we have elected to treat interest and penalties , to the extent they arise , as a component of income taxes . there was no interest or penalties related to income taxes for the years ended december 31 , 2019 or 2018. income tax years beginning in 2012 for federal and state purposes are generally subject to examination by taxing authorities , although net operating losses from all prior years are subject to examinations and adjustments for at least three years following the year in which the tax attributes are utilized . recent accounting pronouncements from time to time ,

