the divestiture of american reliable insurance company ( `` aric `` ) also contributed to the decrease in net income . total revenues decreased $ 365,948 to $ 2,543,105 for twelve months 2015 from $ 2,909,053 for twelve months 2014. the decrease was primarily due to the divestiture of aric , combined with lower lender-placed homeowners insurance net earned premiums . the decline in lender-placed homeowners insurance net earned premiums is primarily due to a decline in placement rates , lower premium rates and previously disclosed loss of client business . these items were partially offset by an increase in fees and other income reflecting contributions from mortgage solutions businesses . the twelve months 2015 expense ratio increased 620 basis points compared with twelve months 2014. the increase was primarily due to lower net earned premiums and higher legal costs related to outstanding matters . in addition , growth in fee-based businesses , which have higher expense ratios than our insurance products , contributed to the increase . for 2016 , we expect assurant specialty property net income and net earned premiums to decrease compared with twelve months 2015 reflecting the ongoing normalization of lender-placed insurance business partially offset by increased efficiencies , including the implementation of new technology , and other expense savings initiatives . contributions from multi-family housing and mortgage solutions businesses are expected to partially offset the decline . in addition , catastrophe losses may affect overall results . 36 as previously announced , the company concluded a comprehensive review of strategic alternatives for its health business and expects to substantially complete the process to exit the health insurance market in 2016. during the remainder of the exit process , we expect to incur up to $ 50,000 of additional exit-related charges , as well as certain overhead expenses that are excluded from the premium deficiency reserve accrual . in addition , the company signed a definitive agreement to sell its assurant employee benefits segment to sun life . the transaction is expected to close by the end of first quarter 2016. for more information , see notes 3 and 4 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report . critical factors affecting results our results depend on the appropriateness of our product pricing , underwriting and the accuracy of our methodology for the establishment of reserves for future policyholder benefits and claims , returns on and values of invested assets and our ability to manage our expenses . factors affecting these items , including unemployment , difficult conditions in financial markets and the global economy , may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition . for more information on these factors , see “ item 1a – risk factors . ” management believes the company will have sufficient liquidity to satisfy its needs over the next twelve months including the ability to pay interest on our senior notes and dividends on our common stock . for twelve months 2015 , net cash provided by operating activities , including the effect of exchange rate changes and the reclassification of assets held for sale on cash and cash equivalents , totaled $ 192,483 ; net cash provided by investing activities totaled $ 264,293 and net cash used in financing activities totaled $ 487,127 . we had $ 1,288,305 in cash and cash equivalents as of december 31 , 2015. please see “ – liquidity and capital resources , ” below for further details . revenues we generate revenues primarily from the sale of our insurance policies and service contracts and from investment income earned on our investments . sales of insurance policies are recognized in revenue as earned premiums while sales of administrative services are recognized as fee income . under the universal life insurance guidance , income earned on preneed life insurance policies sold after january 1 , 2009 are presented within policy fee income net of policyholder benefits . under the limited pay insurance guidance , the consideration received on preneed policies sold prior to january 1 , 2009 is presented separately as net earned premiums , with policyholder benefits expense being shown separately . our premium and fee income is supplemented by income earned from our investment portfolio . we recognize revenue from interest payments , dividends and sales of investments . currently , our investment portfolio is primarily invested in fixed maturity securities . both investment income and realized capital gains on these investments can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates . interest rate volatility can increase or reduce unrealized gains or losses in our investment portfolios . interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors , including governmental monetary policies , domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control . fluctuations in interest rates affect our returns on , and the market value of , fixed maturity and short-term investments . the fair market value of the fixed maturity securities in our investment portfolio and the investment income from these securities fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions . the fair market value generally increases or decreases in an inverse relationship with fluctuations in interest rates , while net investment income realized by us from future investments in fixed maturity securities will generally increase or decrease with interest rates . we also have investments that carry pre-payment risk , such as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities . interest rate fluctuations may cause actual net investment income and or cash flows from such investments to differ from estimates made at the time of investment . in periods of declining interest rates , mortgage prepayments generally increase and mortgage-backed securities , commercial mortgage obligations and bonds are more likely to be prepaid or redeemed as borrowers seek to borrow at lower interest rates . therefore , in these circumstances we may be required to reinvest those funds in lower-interest earning investments . story_separator_special_tag thus , any adjustment to prior years ' incurred claims is partially offset by a change in commission expense , which is included in the underwriting , general and administrative expenses line in our consolidated statements of operations . while management has used its best judgment in establishing its estimate of required reserves , different assumptions and variables could lead to significantly different reserve estimates . two key measures of loss activity are loss frequency , which is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure , and loss severity , which is a measure of the average size of claims . factors affecting loss frequency include the effectiveness of loss controls and safety programs and changes in economic activity or weather patterns . factors affecting loss severity include changes in policy limits , retentions , rate of inflation and judicial interpretations . if the actual level of loss frequency and severity are higher or lower than expected , the ultimate reserves required will be different than management 's estimate . the effect of higher and lower levels of loss frequency and severity levels on our ultimate costs for claims occurring in 2015 would be as follows : replace_table_token_11_th reserving for asbestos and other claims 42 our property and warranty line of business includes exposure to asbestos , environmental and other general liability claims arising from our participation in various reinsurance pools from 1971 through 1985. this exposure arose from a contract that we discontinued writing many years ago . we carry case reserves , as recommended by the various pool managers , and ibnr reserves totaling $ 30,519 ( before reinsurance ) and $ 27,721 ( net of reinsurance ) at december 31 , 2015. we believe the balance of case and ibnr reserves for these liabilities are adequate . however , any estimation of these liabilities is subject to greater than normal variation and uncertainty due to the general lack of sufficiently detailed data , reporting delays and absence of a generally accepted actuarial methodology for those exposures . there are significant unresolved industry legal issues , including such items as whether coverage exists and what constitutes a claim . in addition , the determination of ultimate damages and the final allocation of losses to financially responsible parties are highly uncertain . however , based on information currently available , and after consideration of the reserves reflected in the consolidated financial statements , we do not believe that changes in reserve estimates for these claims are likely to be material . deferred acquisition costs only direct incremental costs associated with the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts are deferred , to the extent that such costs are deemed recoverable from future premiums or gross profits . acquisition costs primarily consist of commissions and premium taxes . certain direct response advertising expenses are deferred when the primary purpose of the advertising is to elicit sales to customers who can be shown to have specifically responded to the advertising and the direct response advertising results in probable future benefits . the deferred acquisition costs ( “ dac ” ) asset is tested annually to ensure that future premiums or gross profits are sufficient to support the amortization of the asset . such testing involves the use of best estimate assumptions to determine if anticipated future policy premiums and investment income are adequate to cover all dac and related claims , benefits and expenses . to the extent a deficiency exists , it is recognized immediately by a charge to the consolidated statements of operations and a corresponding reduction in the dac asset . if the deficiency is greater than unamortized dac , a liability will be accrued for the excess deficiency . long duration contracts acquisition costs for preneed life insurance policies issued prior to january 1 , 2009 and certain discontinued life insurance policies have been deferred and amortized in proportion to anticipated premiums over the premium-paying period . these acquisition costs consist primarily of first year commissions paid to agents . for preneed investment-type annuities , preneed life insurance policies with discretionary death benefit growth issued after january 1 , 2009 , universal life insurance policies and investment-type annuity contracts that are no longer offered , dac is amortized in proportion to the present value of estimated gross profits from investment , mortality , expense margins and surrender charges over the estimated life of the policy or contract . estimated gross profits include the impact of unrealized gains or losses on investments as if these gains or losses had been realized , with corresponding credits or charges included in aoci . the assumptions used for the estimates are consistent with those used in computing the policy or contract liabilities . acquisition costs relating to group worksite products , which typically have high front-end costs and are expected to remain in force for an extended period of time , consist primarily of first year commissions to brokers , costs of issuing new certificates and compensation to sales representatives . these acquisition costs are front-end loaded , thus they are deferred and amortized over the estimated terms of the underlying contracts . short duration contracts acquisition costs relating to property contracts , warranty and extended service contracts and single premium credit insurance contracts are amortized over the term of the contracts in relation to premiums earned . acquisition costs relating to monthly pay credit insurance business consist mainly of direct response advertising costs and are deferred and amortized over the estimated average terms and balances of the underlying contracts . acquisition costs relating to group term life , group disability , group dental and group vision consist primarily of compensation to sales representatives . these acquisition costs are front-end loaded ; thus , they are deferred and amortized over the estimated terms of the underlying contracts . investments we regularly monitor our investment portfolio to ensure investments that may be other-than-temporarily impaired are identified

net cash provided by operating activities was $ 192,483 and $ 313,782 for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to changes in the timing of payments and higher payments made on 2015 individual major medical policies . net cash provided by operating activities was $ 313,782 and $ 1,003,819 for the years ended december 31 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively . the decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to changes in the timing of payments and by amounts yet to be recovered under the 3r 's program , partially offset by increased net written premiums in assurant solutions , assurant health and assurant employee benefits . for more information on the 3r 's , please refer to assurant health 's results of operations section in this item 7. investing activities : net cash provided by investing activities was $ 264,293 and $ 63,889 for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the change in investing activities is primarily due to higher sales of fixed maturity securities , less cash spent on acquisitions and equity interests and the sale of aric to global indemnity group inc. during 2015. for more information on the aric sale , please see note 4 to the consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```net cash provided by operating activities was $ 192,483 and $ 313,782 for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to changes in the timing of payments and higher payments made on 2015 individual major medical policies . net cash provided by operating activities was $ 313,782 and $ 1,003,819 for the years ended december 31 , 2014 and 2013 , respectively . the decrease in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to changes in the timing of payments and by amounts yet to be recovered under the 3r 's program , partially offset by increased net written premiums in assurant solutions , assurant health and assurant employee benefits . for more information on the 3r 's , please refer to assurant health 's results of operations section in this item 7. investing activities : net cash provided by investing activities was $ 264,293 and $ 63,889 for the years ended december 31 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively . the change in investing activities is primarily due to higher sales of fixed maturity securities , less cash spent on acquisitions and equity interests and the sale of aric to global indemnity group inc. during 2015. for more information on the aric sale , please see note 4 to the consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this report.
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 Suspicious Activity Report : the divestiture of american reliable insurance company ( `` aric `` ) also contributed to the decrease in net income . total revenues decreased $ 365,948 to $ 2,543,105 for twelve months 2015 from $ 2,909,053 for twelve months 2014. the decrease was primarily due to the divestiture of aric , combined with lower lender-placed homeowners insurance net earned premiums . the decline in lender-placed homeowners insurance net earned premiums is primarily due to a decline in placement rates , lower premium rates and previously disclosed loss of client business . these items were partially offset by an increase in fees and other income reflecting contributions from mortgage solutions businesses . the twelve months 2015 expense ratio increased 620 basis points compared with twelve months 2014. the increase was primarily due to lower net earned premiums and higher legal costs related to outstanding matters . in addition , growth in fee-based businesses , which have higher expense ratios than our insurance products , contributed to the increase . for 2016 , we expect assurant specialty property net income and net earned premiums to decrease compared with twelve months 2015 reflecting the ongoing normalization of lender-placed insurance business partially offset by increased efficiencies , including the implementation of new technology , and other expense savings initiatives . contributions from multi-family housing and mortgage solutions businesses are expected to partially offset the decline . in addition , catastrophe losses may affect overall results . 36 as previously announced , the company concluded a comprehensive review of strategic alternatives for its health business and expects to substantially complete the process to exit the health insurance market in 2016. during the remainder of the exit process , we expect to incur up to $ 50,000 of additional exit-related charges , as well as certain overhead expenses that are excluded from the premium deficiency reserve accrual . in addition , the company signed a definitive agreement to sell its assurant employee benefits segment to sun life . the transaction is expected to close by the end of first quarter 2016. for more information , see notes 3 and 4 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report . critical factors affecting results our results depend on the appropriateness of our product pricing , underwriting and the accuracy of our methodology for the establishment of reserves for future policyholder benefits and claims , returns on and values of invested assets and our ability to manage our expenses . factors affecting these items , including unemployment , difficult conditions in financial markets and the global economy , may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition . for more information on these factors , see “ item 1a – risk factors . ” management believes the company will have sufficient liquidity to satisfy its needs over the next twelve months including the ability to pay interest on our senior notes and dividends on our common stock . for twelve months 2015 , net cash provided by operating activities , including the effect of exchange rate changes and the reclassification of assets held for sale on cash and cash equivalents , totaled $ 192,483 ; net cash provided by investing activities totaled $ 264,293 and net cash used in financing activities totaled $ 487,127 . we had $ 1,288,305 in cash and cash equivalents as of december 31 , 2015. please see “ – liquidity and capital resources , ” below for further details . revenues we generate revenues primarily from the sale of our insurance policies and service contracts and from investment income earned on our investments . sales of insurance policies are recognized in revenue as earned premiums while sales of administrative services are recognized as fee income . under the universal life insurance guidance , income earned on preneed life insurance policies sold after january 1 , 2009 are presented within policy fee income net of policyholder benefits . under the limited pay insurance guidance , the consideration received on preneed policies sold prior to january 1 , 2009 is presented separately as net earned premiums , with policyholder benefits expense being shown separately . our premium and fee income is supplemented by income earned from our investment portfolio . we recognize revenue from interest payments , dividends and sales of investments . currently , our investment portfolio is primarily invested in fixed maturity securities . both investment income and realized capital gains on these investments can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates . interest rate volatility can increase or reduce unrealized gains or losses in our investment portfolios . interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors , including governmental monetary policies , domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control . fluctuations in interest rates affect our returns on , and the market value of , fixed maturity and short-term investments . the fair market value of the fixed maturity securities in our investment portfolio and the investment income from these securities fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions . the fair market value generally increases or decreases in an inverse relationship with fluctuations in interest rates , while net investment income realized by us from future investments in fixed maturity securities will generally increase or decrease with interest rates . we also have investments that carry pre-payment risk , such as mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities . interest rate fluctuations may cause actual net investment income and or cash flows from such investments to differ from estimates made at the time of investment . in periods of declining interest rates , mortgage prepayments generally increase and mortgage-backed securities , commercial mortgage obligations and bonds are more likely to be prepaid or redeemed as borrowers seek to borrow at lower interest rates . therefore , in these circumstances we may be required to reinvest those funds in lower-interest earning investments . story_separator_special_tag thus , any adjustment to prior years ' incurred claims is partially offset by a change in commission expense , which is included in the underwriting , general and administrative expenses line in our consolidated statements of operations . while management has used its best judgment in establishing its estimate of required reserves , different assumptions and variables could lead to significantly different reserve estimates . two key measures of loss activity are loss frequency , which is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure , and loss severity , which is a measure of the average size of claims . factors affecting loss frequency include the effectiveness of loss controls and safety programs and changes in economic activity or weather patterns . factors affecting loss severity include changes in policy limits , retentions , rate of inflation and judicial interpretations . if the actual level of loss frequency and severity are higher or lower than expected , the ultimate reserves required will be different than management 's estimate . the effect of higher and lower levels of loss frequency and severity levels on our ultimate costs for claims occurring in 2015 would be as follows : replace_table_token_11_th reserving for asbestos and other claims 42 our property and warranty line of business includes exposure to asbestos , environmental and other general liability claims arising from our participation in various reinsurance pools from 1971 through 1985. this exposure arose from a contract that we discontinued writing many years ago . we carry case reserves , as recommended by the various pool managers , and ibnr reserves totaling $ 30,519 ( before reinsurance ) and $ 27,721 ( net of reinsurance ) at december 31 , 2015. we believe the balance of case and ibnr reserves for these liabilities are adequate . however , any estimation of these liabilities is subject to greater than normal variation and uncertainty due to the general lack of sufficiently detailed data , reporting delays and absence of a generally accepted actuarial methodology for those exposures . there are significant unresolved industry legal issues , including such items as whether coverage exists and what constitutes a claim . in addition , the determination of ultimate damages and the final allocation of losses to financially responsible parties are highly uncertain . however , based on information currently available , and after consideration of the reserves reflected in the consolidated financial statements , we do not believe that changes in reserve estimates for these claims are likely to be material . deferred acquisition costs only direct incremental costs associated with the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts are deferred , to the extent that such costs are deemed recoverable from future premiums or gross profits . acquisition costs primarily consist of commissions and premium taxes . certain direct response advertising expenses are deferred when the primary purpose of the advertising is to elicit sales to customers who can be shown to have specifically responded to the advertising and the direct response advertising results in probable future benefits . the deferred acquisition costs ( “ dac ” ) asset is tested annually to ensure that future premiums or gross profits are sufficient to support the amortization of the asset . such testing involves the use of best estimate assumptions to determine if anticipated future policy premiums and investment income are adequate to cover all dac and related claims , benefits and expenses . to the extent a deficiency exists , it is recognized immediately by a charge to the consolidated statements of operations and a corresponding reduction in the dac asset . if the deficiency is greater than unamortized dac , a liability will be accrued for the excess deficiency . long duration contracts acquisition costs for preneed life insurance policies issued prior to january 1 , 2009 and certain discontinued life insurance policies have been deferred and amortized in proportion to anticipated premiums over the premium-paying period . these acquisition costs consist primarily of first year commissions paid to agents . for preneed investment-type annuities , preneed life insurance policies with discretionary death benefit growth issued after january 1 , 2009 , universal life insurance policies and investment-type annuity contracts that are no longer offered , dac is amortized in proportion to the present value of estimated gross profits from investment , mortality , expense margins and surrender charges over the estimated life of the policy or contract . estimated gross profits include the impact of unrealized gains or losses on investments as if these gains or losses had been realized , with corresponding credits or charges included in aoci . the assumptions used for the estimates are consistent with those used in computing the policy or contract liabilities . acquisition costs relating to group worksite products , which typically have high front-end costs and are expected to remain in force for an extended period of time , consist primarily of first year commissions to brokers , costs of issuing new certificates and compensation to sales representatives . these acquisition costs are front-end loaded , thus they are deferred and amortized over the estimated terms of the underlying contracts . short duration contracts acquisition costs relating to property contracts , warranty and extended service contracts and single premium credit insurance contracts are amortized over the term of the contracts in relation to premiums earned . acquisition costs relating to monthly pay credit insurance business consist mainly of direct response advertising costs and are deferred and amortized over the estimated average terms and balances of the underlying contracts . acquisition costs relating to group term life , group disability , group dental and group vision consist primarily of compensation to sales representatives . these acquisition costs are front-end loaded ; thus , they are deferred and amortized over the estimated terms of the underlying contracts . investments we regularly monitor our investment portfolio to ensure investments that may be other-than-temporarily impaired are identified

