management is in the process of finalizing the impact of the adoption of this guidance on united 's financial condition , results of operations , liquidity , and regulatory capital ratios . based on current economic conditions , management expects the allowance for credit losses to increase by 20 % to 30 % . for additional discussion of accounting pronouncements pending adoption , see note a of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in part ii , item 8 of this form 10-k. 31 transition from the london interbank offerered rate ( libor ) in 2017 , the united kingdom 's financial conduct authority , which regulates libor , publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit the rates used to calculate libor after 2021. currently , it is unclear whether these banks , as a group or individually , will continue to submit the rates used to calculate libor after 2021. it is also unclear whether libor will continue to be viewed as an acceptable market benchmark , what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to libor , or what the effect of any such changes may be on the markets for libor-indexed financial instruments . working groups comprised of various regulators and other industry groups have been formed in the united states and other countries in order to provide guidance on this topic . in particular , the alternative reference rates committee ( arrc ) has been formed in the united states by the federal reserve board and the federal reserve bank of new york . the arrc has identified the secured overnight financing rate ( sofr ) as its preferred alternative reference rate for u.s. dollar libor . the arrc has also published recommended fall-back language for libor-linked financial instruments , among numerous other areas of guidance . at this time , however , it is unclear whether these recommendations will be broadly accepted by industry participants , whether they will continue to evolve , and what impact they will ultimately have on the broader markets that utilize libor as a reference rate . united has loans , derivative contracts , borrowings , and other financial instruments that are directly or indirectly dependent on libor . the transition from libor will cause changes to payment calculations for existing contracts that use libor as the reference rate . these changes will create various risks surrounding the financial , operational , compliance and legal aspects associated with changing certain elements of existing contracts . united will also be subject to risks surrounding changes to models and systems that currently use libor reference rates , as well as market and strategic risks that could arise from the use of alternative reference rates . additionally , united could face reputational risks if this transition is not managed appropriately with its customers . while the full impact of the transition is not yet known , failure to adequately manage the transition could have a material adverse effect on our business , financial condition and results of operations . introduction the following discussion and analysis presents the more significant changes in financial condition as of december 31 , 2019 and 2018 and the results of operations of united and its subsidiaries for each of the years then ended . this discussion and the consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements include the accounts of united bankshares , inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries , unless otherwise indicated . management has evaluated all significant events and transactions that occurred after december 31 , 2019 , but prior to the date these financial statements were issued , for potential recognition or disclosure required in these financial statements . refer to management 's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our annual report on form 10-k filed with the sec on march 1 , 2019 ( the 2018 form 10-k ) for a discussion and analysis of the more significant factors that affected periods prior to 2018. this discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto , which are included elsewhere in this document . use of non-gaap financial measures this discussion and analysis contains certain financial measures that are not recognized under gaap . under sec regulation g , public companies making disclosures containing financial measures that are not in accordance with gaap must also disclose , along with each “ non-gaap ” financial measure , certain additional information , including a reconciliation of the non-gaap financial measure to the closest comparable gaap financial measure , as well as a statement of the company 's reasons for utilizing the non-gaap financial measure . generally , united has presented a non-gaap financial measure because it believes that this measure provides meaningful additional information to assist in the evaluation of united 's results of operations or financial position . presentation of a non-gaap financial measure is consistent with how united 's management evaluates its performance internally and this non-gaap financial measure is frequently used by securities analysts , investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in the banking industry . specifically , this discussion contains certain references to financial measures identified as tax-equivalent ( fte ) net interest income and return on average tangible equity . management believes these non-gaap financial measures to be helpful in understanding united 's results of operations or financial position . 32 net interest income is presented in this discussion on a tax-equivalent basis . the tax-equivalent basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of income from certain loans and investments . although this is a non-gaap measure , united 's management believes this measure is more widely used within the financial services industry and provides better comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources . story_separator_special_tag the following discussion explains in more detail the changes in financial condition by major category . story_separator_special_tag justify ; font-family : times new roman ; font-size : 10pt ; margin-top : 12pt ; margin-bottom : 0px ; `` > during 2019 , united recognized other-than-temporary impairment totaling $ 198 thousand on three investment securities . with the exception of these three securities , management does not believe that any other individual security with an unrealized loss as of december 31 , 2019 is other-than-temporarily impaired . united believes the decline in value resulted from changes in market interest rates , credit spreads and liquidity , not an adverse change in the expected contractual cash flows . based on a review of each of the securities in the investment portfolio , management concluded that it was not probable that it would be unable to realize the cost basis investment and appropriate interest payments on such securities . united has the intent and the ability to hold these securities until such time as the value recovers or the securities mature . however , united acknowledges that any impaired securities may be sold in future periods in response to significant , unanticipated changes in asset/liability management decisions , unanticipated future market movements or business plan changes . further information regarding the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities , including remaining maturities as well as a more detailed discussion of management 's other-than-temporary impairment analysis , is presented in note c , notes to consolidated financial statements . loans held for sale loans held for sale increased $ 137.67 million or 55.10 % from year-end 2018. loan originations in the secondary market exceeded sales during the year of 2019. loan originations were $ 2.57 billion while loans sales were $ 2.44 billion . loans held for sale were $ 387.51 million at december 31 , 2019 as compared to $ 249.85 million at year-end 2018. portfolio loans loans , net of unearned income , increased $ 289.91 million or 2.16 % . since year-end 2018 , commercial , financial and agricultural loans decreased $ 100.40 million or 1.33 % as commercial real estate loans decreased $ 427.79 million or 7.65 % which was mostly offset by a $ 327.40 million or 16.72 % increase in commercial loans ( not secured by real estate ) . residential real estate loans increased $ 185.01 million or 5.28 % due mainly to an increase in first lien mortgage loans , and consumer loans increased $ 201.67 million or 20.91 % due to an increase in indirect automobile financing . construction and land development loans remained flat from prior year , decreasing $ 2.26 million or less than 1 % . 38 a summary of loans outstanding is as follows : replace_table_token_7_th the following table summarizes the outstanding balances of portfolio loans originated and acquired , by type , as of december 31 , 2019 and december 31 , 2018 : replace_table_token_8_th replace_table_token_9_th the following table shows the maturity of commercial , financial , and agricultural loans and real estate construction and land development loans as of december 31 , 2019 : replace_table_token_10_th 39 at december 31 , 2019 , commercial , financial and agricultural loans and real estate construction and land development loans by maturity are as follows : replace_table_token_11_th more information relating to loans is presented in note d , notes to consolidated financial statements . other assets other assets decreased $ 15.23 million or 3.33 % from year-end 2018 , mainly due to deferred tax assets decreasing $ 18.32 million . in addition , core deposit intangibles decreased $ 7.02 million due to amortization . partially offsetting these decreases were increases of $ 7.72 million in accounts receivables and $ 4.28 million in prepaid assets . deposits deposits represent united 's primary source of funding . total deposits at december 31 , 2019 decreased $ 142.33 million or 1.02 % . in terms of composition , interest-bearing deposits decreased $ 346.88 million or 3.62 % while noninterest-bearing deposits increased $ 204.55 million or 4.63 % from december 31 , 2018. noninterest-bearing deposits consist of demand deposit and noninterest bearing money market ( mmda ) account balances . the $ 204.55 million increase in noninterest-bearing deposits was due mainly to increases in commercial noninterest-bearing deposits of $ 139.67 million or 6.19 % and personal noninterest-bearing deposits of $ 23.38 million or 3.25 % . in addition , in process items increased $ 9.44 million . interest-bearing deposits consist of interest-bearing checking ( now ) , regular savings , interest-bearing mmda , and time deposit account balances . interest-bearing mmdas decreased $ 300.89 million or 5.05 % while now accounts decreased $ 2.32 million or less than 1 % since year-end 2018. in particular , interest-bearing mmdas decreased $ 300.89 million as commercial mmdas decreased $ 162.79 million , brokered mmdas decreased $ 126.95 million , and public funds mmdas decreased $ 61.10 million . excluding sweep activity from now accounts to interest-bearing mmdas to reduce united 's reserve requirement at its federal reserve bank , now accounts decreased $ 159.34 million or 8.05 % mainly due to a decrease of $ 137.70 million in personal now accounts and a $ 73.10 million decrease in public funds now accounts . partially offsetting these decreases was an increase of $ 51.46 million in commercial now accounts . regular savings decreased $ 72.07 million or 7.55 % from year-end 2018 mainly due to a $ 68.18 million decrease in personal savings accounts , a $ 4.60 million decrease in commercial savings accounts , and a $ 3.25 million decrease in retirement savings accounts . time deposits under $ 100,000 increased $ 11.63 million or 1.63 % from year-end 2018. this increase in time deposits under $ 100,000 is the result of a $ 9.52 million increase in certificate of deposit account registry service ( cdars ) balances and a $ 4.59 million increase in fixed cds

cash and cash equivalents cash and cash equivalents at december 31 , 2019 decreased $ 182.90 million or 17.92 % from year-end 2018. in particular , interest-bearing deposits with other banks decreased $ 180.27 million or 21.67 % as united placed less cash in an interest-bearing account with the federal reserve . in addition , cash and due from banks decreased $ 2.65 million or 1.41 % . federal funds sold increased $ 17 thousand or 2.12 % . during the year of 2019 , net cash of $ 147.69 million and $ 48.45 million were provided by operating and financing activities , respectively , while net cash of $ 379.05 million was used in investing activities . further details related to changes in cash and cash equivalents are presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows . securities total investment securities at december 31 , 2019 increased $ 126.07 million or 4.96 % from year-end 2018. securities available for sale increased $ 100.26 million or 4.29 % . this change in securities available for sale reflects $ 712.56 million in sales , maturities and calls of securities , $ 771.29 million in purchases , and an increase of $ 32.47 million in market value . the majority of the purchase activity was related to corporate securities which were almost exclusively issued by investment grade rated , single-name issuers , and have maturity dates of less than five years . securities held to maturity declined $ 18.55 million or 92.77 % from year-end 2018 due mainly to the transfer of $ 11.54 million of investment securities to available for sale securities upon the adoption of asu no . 2017-12. equity securities were $ 8.89 million at december 31 , 2019 , a decrease of $ 840 thousand or 8.63


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash and cash equivalents cash and cash equivalents at december 31 , 2019 decreased $ 182.90 million or 17.92 % from year-end 2018. in particular , interest-bearing deposits with other banks decreased $ 180.27 million or 21.67 % as united placed less cash in an interest-bearing account with the federal reserve . in addition , cash and due from banks decreased $ 2.65 million or 1.41 % . federal funds sold increased $ 17 thousand or 2.12 % . during the year of 2019 , net cash of $ 147.69 million and $ 48.45 million were provided by operating and financing activities , respectively , while net cash of $ 379.05 million was used in investing activities . further details related to changes in cash and cash equivalents are presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows . securities total investment securities at december 31 , 2019 increased $ 126.07 million or 4.96 % from year-end 2018. securities available for sale increased $ 100.26 million or 4.29 % . this change in securities available for sale reflects $ 712.56 million in sales , maturities and calls of securities , $ 771.29 million in purchases , and an increase of $ 32.47 million in market value . the majority of the purchase activity was related to corporate securities which were almost exclusively issued by investment grade rated , single-name issuers , and have maturity dates of less than five years . securities held to maturity declined $ 18.55 million or 92.77 % from year-end 2018 due mainly to the transfer of $ 11.54 million of investment securities to available for sale securities upon the adoption of asu no . 2017-12. equity securities were $ 8.89 million at december 31 , 2019 , a decrease of $ 840 thousand or 8.63
```    
 Suspicious Activity Report : management is in the process of finalizing the impact of the adoption of this guidance on united 's financial condition , results of operations , liquidity , and regulatory capital ratios . based on current economic conditions , management expects the allowance for credit losses to increase by 20 % to 30 % . for additional discussion of accounting pronouncements pending adoption , see note a of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in part ii , item 8 of this form 10-k. 31 transition from the london interbank offerered rate ( libor ) in 2017 , the united kingdom 's financial conduct authority , which regulates libor , publicly announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit the rates used to calculate libor after 2021. currently , it is unclear whether these banks , as a group or individually , will continue to submit the rates used to calculate libor after 2021. it is also unclear whether libor will continue to be viewed as an acceptable market benchmark , what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to libor , or what the effect of any such changes may be on the markets for libor-indexed financial instruments . working groups comprised of various regulators and other industry groups have been formed in the united states and other countries in order to provide guidance on this topic . in particular , the alternative reference rates committee ( arrc ) has been formed in the united states by the federal reserve board and the federal reserve bank of new york . the arrc has identified the secured overnight financing rate ( sofr ) as its preferred alternative reference rate for u.s. dollar libor . the arrc has also published recommended fall-back language for libor-linked financial instruments , among numerous other areas of guidance . at this time , however , it is unclear whether these recommendations will be broadly accepted by industry participants , whether they will continue to evolve , and what impact they will ultimately have on the broader markets that utilize libor as a reference rate . united has loans , derivative contracts , borrowings , and other financial instruments that are directly or indirectly dependent on libor . the transition from libor will cause changes to payment calculations for existing contracts that use libor as the reference rate . these changes will create various risks surrounding the financial , operational , compliance and legal aspects associated with changing certain elements of existing contracts . united will also be subject to risks surrounding changes to models and systems that currently use libor reference rates , as well as market and strategic risks that could arise from the use of alternative reference rates . additionally , united could face reputational risks if this transition is not managed appropriately with its customers . while the full impact of the transition is not yet known , failure to adequately manage the transition could have a material adverse effect on our business , financial condition and results of operations . introduction the following discussion and analysis presents the more significant changes in financial condition as of december 31 , 2019 and 2018 and the results of operations of united and its subsidiaries for each of the years then ended . this discussion and the consolidated financial statements and the notes to consolidated financial statements include the accounts of united bankshares , inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries , unless otherwise indicated . management has evaluated all significant events and transactions that occurred after december 31 , 2019 , but prior to the date these financial statements were issued , for potential recognition or disclosure required in these financial statements . refer to management 's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included in our annual report on form 10-k filed with the sec on march 1 , 2019 ( the 2018 form 10-k ) for a discussion and analysis of the more significant factors that affected periods prior to 2018. this discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto , which are included elsewhere in this document . use of non-gaap financial measures this discussion and analysis contains certain financial measures that are not recognized under gaap . under sec regulation g , public companies making disclosures containing financial measures that are not in accordance with gaap must also disclose , along with each “ non-gaap ” financial measure , certain additional information , including a reconciliation of the non-gaap financial measure to the closest comparable gaap financial measure , as well as a statement of the company 's reasons for utilizing the non-gaap financial measure . generally , united has presented a non-gaap financial measure because it believes that this measure provides meaningful additional information to assist in the evaluation of united 's results of operations or financial position . presentation of a non-gaap financial measure is consistent with how united 's management evaluates its performance internally and this non-gaap financial measure is frequently used by securities analysts , investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in the banking industry . specifically , this discussion contains certain references to financial measures identified as tax-equivalent ( fte ) net interest income and return on average tangible equity . management believes these non-gaap financial measures to be helpful in understanding united 's results of operations or financial position . 32 net interest income is presented in this discussion on a tax-equivalent basis . the tax-equivalent basis adjusts for the tax-favored status of income from certain loans and investments . although this is a non-gaap measure , united 's management believes this measure is more widely used within the financial services industry and provides better comparability of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources . story_separator_special_tag the following discussion explains in more detail the changes in financial condition by major category . story_separator_special_tag justify ; font-family : times new roman ; font-size : 10pt ; margin-top : 12pt ; margin-bottom : 0px ; `` > during 2019 , united recognized other-than-temporary impairment totaling $ 198 thousand on three investment securities . with the exception of these three securities , management does not believe that any other individual security with an unrealized loss as of december 31 , 2019 is other-than-temporarily impaired . united believes the decline in value resulted from changes in market interest rates , credit spreads and liquidity , not an adverse change in the expected contractual cash flows . based on a review of each of the securities in the investment portfolio , management concluded that it was not probable that it would be unable to realize the cost basis investment and appropriate interest payments on such securities . united has the intent and the ability to hold these securities until such time as the value recovers or the securities mature . however , united acknowledges that any impaired securities may be sold in future periods in response to significant , unanticipated changes in asset/liability management decisions , unanticipated future market movements or business plan changes . further information regarding the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities , including remaining maturities as well as a more detailed discussion of management 's other-than-temporary impairment analysis , is presented in note c , notes to consolidated financial statements . loans held for sale loans held for sale increased $ 137.67 million or 55.10 % from year-end 2018. loan originations in the secondary market exceeded sales during the year of 2019. loan originations were $ 2.57 billion while loans sales were $ 2.44 billion . loans held for sale were $ 387.51 million at december 31 , 2019 as compared to $ 249.85 million at year-end 2018. portfolio loans loans , net of unearned income , increased $ 289.91 million or 2.16 % . since year-end 2018 , commercial , financial and agricultural loans decreased $ 100.40 million or 1.33 % as commercial real estate loans decreased $ 427.79 million or 7.65 % which was mostly offset by a $ 327.40 million or 16.72 % increase in commercial loans ( not secured by real estate ) . residential real estate loans increased $ 185.01 million or 5.28 % due mainly to an increase in first lien mortgage loans , and consumer loans increased $ 201.67 million or 20.91 % due to an increase in indirect automobile financing . construction and land development loans remained flat from prior year , decreasing $ 2.26 million or less than 1 % . 38 a summary of loans outstanding is as follows : replace_table_token_7_th the following table summarizes the outstanding balances of portfolio loans originated and acquired , by type , as of december 31 , 2019 and december 31 , 2018 : replace_table_token_8_th replace_table_token_9_th the following table shows the maturity of commercial , financial , and agricultural loans and real estate construction and land development loans as of december 31 , 2019 : replace_table_token_10_th 39 at december 31 , 2019 , commercial , financial and agricultural loans and real estate construction and land development loans by maturity are as follows : replace_table_token_11_th more information relating to loans is presented in note d , notes to consolidated financial statements . other assets other assets decreased $ 15.23 million or 3.33 % from year-end 2018 , mainly due to deferred tax assets decreasing $ 18.32 million . in addition , core deposit intangibles decreased $ 7.02 million due to amortization . partially offsetting these decreases were increases of $ 7.72 million in accounts receivables and $ 4.28 million in prepaid assets . deposits deposits represent united 's primary source of funding . total deposits at december 31 , 2019 decreased $ 142.33 million or 1.02 % . in terms of composition , interest-bearing deposits decreased $ 346.88 million or 3.62 % while noninterest-bearing deposits increased $ 204.55 million or 4.63 % from december 31 , 2018. noninterest-bearing deposits consist of demand deposit and noninterest bearing money market ( mmda ) account balances . the $ 204.55 million increase in noninterest-bearing deposits was due mainly to increases in commercial noninterest-bearing deposits of $ 139.67 million or 6.19 % and personal noninterest-bearing deposits of $ 23.38 million or 3.25 % . in addition , in process items increased $ 9.44 million . interest-bearing deposits consist of interest-bearing checking ( now ) , regular savings , interest-bearing mmda , and time deposit account balances . interest-bearing mmdas decreased $ 300.89 million or 5.05 % while now accounts decreased $ 2.32 million or less than 1 % since year-end 2018. in particular , interest-bearing mmdas decreased $ 300.89 million as commercial mmdas decreased $ 162.79 million , brokered mmdas decreased $ 126.95 million , and public funds mmdas decreased $ 61.10 million . excluding sweep activity from now accounts to interest-bearing mmdas to reduce united 's reserve requirement at its federal reserve bank , now accounts decreased $ 159.34 million or 8.05 % mainly due to a decrease of $ 137.70 million in personal now accounts and a $ 73.10 million decrease in public funds now accounts . partially offsetting these decreases was an increase of $ 51.46 million in commercial now accounts . regular savings decreased $ 72.07 million or 7.55 % from year-end 2018 mainly due to a $ 68.18 million decrease in personal savings accounts , a $ 4.60 million decrease in commercial savings accounts , and a $ 3.25 million decrease in retirement savings accounts . time deposits under $ 100,000 increased $ 11.63 million or 1.63 % from year-end 2018. this increase in time deposits under $ 100,000 is the result of a $ 9.52 million increase in certificate of deposit account registry service ( cdars ) balances and a $ 4.59 million increase in fixed cds

