in addition , fcc rules restrict information that applicants may disclose about their participation in auction 1000 . · stage 1 : the reverse auction phase of stage 1 began on march 29 , 2016 and ended on june 29 , 2016. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 1 , in order for auction 1000 to have ultimately concluded , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 1 would have had to have exceeded approximately $ 88.4 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 1 included 100 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the forward auction phase of stage 1 began on august 16 , 2016 and ended on august 30 , 2016 , but the aggregate bids of approximately $ 23.1 billion did not exceed the approximately $ 88.4 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to stage 2 . · stage 2 : the reverse auction phase of stage 2 began on september 13 , 2016 and ended on october 13 , 2016. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 2 , in order for auction 1000 to have ultimately concluded , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 2 would have had to have exceeded approximately $ 56.5 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 2 included 90 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the forward auction phase of stage 2 began and ended on october 19 , 2016 , but the aggregate bids of approximately $ 21.5 billion did not exceed the approximately $ 56.5 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to stage 3 . · stage 3 : the reverse auction phase of stage 3 began on november 1 , 2016 and ended on december 1 , 2016. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 3 , in order for auction 1000 to have ultimately concluded , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 3 would have had to have exceeded approximately $ 42.3 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 3 included 80 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the forward auction phase of stage 3 began and ended on december 5 , 2016 , but the aggregate bids of approximately $ 19.7 billion did not exceed the approximately $ 42.3 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to stage 4 . 64 · stage 4 : the reverse auction phase of stage 4 began on december 13 , 2016 and ended on january 13 , 2017. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 4 , in order for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 4 would have to exceed approximately $ 12.0 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 4 includes 70 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the clock bidding portion of the forward auction phase of stage 4 began on january 18 , 2017 and ended on february 10 , 2017. the aggregate bids of approximately $ 19.6 billion exceeded the approximately $ 12.0 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to the assignment portion of the forward auction phase in which winning bidders in the clock bidding portion have the opportunity to bid for frequency-specific licenses . the assignment portion is scheduled to begin on march 6 , 2017 , and all assignment rounds are expected to end no later than march 30 , 2017. during the assignment portion , ‎the fcc rules restricting information that forward auction applicants may disclose about their participation in auction 1000 remain in place . as mentioned above , a subsidiary of dish network qualified to participate in the forward auction . to the extent that it is the winning bidder for any 600 mhz licenses , we would expect to pay for such licenses from any upfront deposit made with the fcc and or existing cash and marketable investment securities balances . see note 14 “ commitments and contingencies — wireless — dish network spectrum ” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this annual report on form 10-k for further information . dish network non-controlling investments in the northstar entities and the snr entities related to aws-3 wireless spectrum licenses through our wholly-owned subsidiaries american ii and american iii , we have made over $ 10.0 billion in certain non-controlling investments in northstar spectrum , the parent company of northstar wireless , and in snr holdco , the parent company of snr wireless , respectively . on october 27 , 2015 , the fcc granted the northstar licenses to northstar wireless and the snr licenses to snr wireless , respectively , which are recorded in “ fcc authorizations ” on our consolidated balance sheets . story_separator_special_tag all new dbs receivers that we purchase from echostar have mpeg-4 compression with 8psk modulation technology . 67 in addition , from time to time , we change equipment for certain subscribers to make more efficient use of transponder capacity in support of hd and other initiatives . we believe that the benefit from the increase in available transponder capacity outweighs the short-term cost of these equipment changes . share exchange agreement on january 31 , 2017 , we and our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries dnllc and dollc , entered into the share exchange agreement with echostar , eb holdco , eb splitco , et splitco , and etllc . pursuant to the share exchange agreement , among other things : ( i ) echostar will complete the steps necessary for certain assets and liabilities of the transferred businesses to be transferred to eb splitco and et splitco ; and ( ii ) echostar will transfer to us 100 % of the equity of eb splitco and et splitco , and in exchange , we will transfer the echostar tracking stock to echostar and the hssc tracking stock to hssc . the financial results related to the share exchange agreement are not included in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented as the closing of the transaction is subject to various conditions and is not expected to close prior to february 28 , 2017. see note 18 to our consolidated financial statements in this annual report on form 10-k for further information . explanation of key metrics and other items subscriber-related revenue . “ subscriber-related revenue ” consists principally of revenue from basic , premium movie , local , hd programming , pay-per-view , latino and international subscriptions ; broadband services ; equipment rental fees and other hardware related fees , including fees for dvrs , fees for broadband equipment , equipment upgrade fees and additional outlet fees ; advertising services ; fees earned from our in-home service operations and other subscriber revenue . certain of the amounts included in “ subscriber-related revenue ” are not recurring on a monthly basis . equipment sales and other revenue . “ equipment sales and other revenue ” principally includes the non-subsidized sales of dbs accessories to independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distributors of our equipment and revenue from equipment sales and other agreements with echostar . subscriber-related expenses . “ subscriber-related expenses ” principally include programming expenses , which represent a substantial majority of these expenses . “ subscriber-related expenses ” also include costs for pay-tv and broadband services incurred in connection with our in-home service and call center operations , billing costs , refurbishment and repair costs related to dbs receiver systems and broadband equipment , subscriber retention , other variable subscriber expenses and monthly wholesale fees paid to broadband providers . satellite and transmission expenses . “ satellite and transmission expenses ” includes the cost of leasing satellite and transponder capacity from echostar and the cost of digital broadcast operations provided to us by echostar , including satellite uplinking/downlinking , signal processing , conditional access management , telemetry , tracking and control , and other professional services . “ satellite and transmission expenses ” also includes executory costs associated with capital leases and costs associated with transponder leases and other related services . in addition , “ satellite and transmission expenses ” includes costs associated with our sling tv services including , among other things , streaming delivery technology and infrastructure . cost of sales - equipment and other . “ cost of sales - equipment and other ” primarily includes the cost of non-subsidized sales of dbs accessories to independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distributors of our equipment and costs related to equipment sales and other agreements with echostar . subscriber acquisition costs . while we primarily lease dbs receiver systems and broadband modem equipment , we also subsidize certain costs to attract new subscribers . our “ subscriber acquisition costs ” include the cost of subsidized sales of dbs receiver systems to independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distributors of our equipment , the cost of subsidized sales of dbs receiver systems directly by us to subscribers , including net costs related to our promotional incentives , costs related to our direct sales efforts and costs related to installation and acquisition advertising . our “ subscriber acquisition costs ” also includes costs associated with acquiring sling branded pay-tv subscribers including , among other things , costs related to acquisition advertising , our direct sales efforts and commissions . 68 pay-tv sac . subscriber acquisition cost measures are commonly used by those evaluating companies in the pay-tv industry . we are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating the “ average subscriber acquisition costs per new pay-tv subscriber activation , ” or pay-tv sac , and we believe presentations of pay-tv sac may not be calculated consistently by different companies in the same or similar businesses . our pay-tv sac is calculated as “ subscriber acquisition costs , ” excluding “ subscriber acquisition costs ” associated with our broadband services , plus the value of equipment capitalized under our lease program for new dish branded pay-tv subscribers , divided by gross new pay-tv subscriber activations . we include all the costs of acquiring pay-tv subscribers ( e.g . , subsidized and capitalized equipment ) as we believe it is a more comprehensive measure of how much we are spending to acquire subscribers . we also include all new pay-tv subscribers in our calculation , including pay-tv subscribers added with little or no subscriber acquisition costs . subscriber acquisition costs for sling branded pay-tv subscribers are significantly lower than those for dish branded pay-tv subscribers , and therefore , as sling branded pay-tv subscriber activations increase , it will have a positive impact on pay-tv sac . general and administrative expenses . “ general and administrative expenses ” consists primarily of employee-related costs associated

cash flows from operating activities . we typically reinvest the cash flow from operating activities in our business primarily to grow our subscriber base , expand our infrastructure , make strategic investments and repay debt obligations . for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , we reported “ net cash flows from operating activities ” of $ 2.802 billion , $ 2.436 billion , and $ 2.378 billion , respectively . net cash flows from operating activities from 2015 to 2016 increased $ 366 million , primarily attributable to a $ 999 million increase in income adjusted to exclude non-cash charges for “ realized and unrealized losses ( gains ) on investments , ” “ depreciation and amortization ” expense , “ impairment of long-lived assets ” and “ deferred tax expense ( benefit ) , ” partially offset by an increase in cash outflows resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities principally attributable to timing differences between book expense and cash payments , including income taxes . net cash flows from operating activities from 2014 to 2015 increased $ 58 million , primarily attributable to an increase in cash resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities principally attributable to timing differences between book expense and cash payments , including income taxes . this increase was partially offset by a $ 390 million decrease in income adjusted to exclude non-cash charges for “ realized and unrealized losses ( gains ) on investments , ” “ impairment of long-lived assets , ” “ depreciation and amortization ” expense and “ deferred tax expense ( benefit ) . ” included in this amount is the $ 516 million payment related to the “ fcc auction expense. ” cash flows from investing activities . our investing activities generally include purchases and sales of marketable investment securities , acquisitions , strategic investments , including purchases and settlements of derivative financial instruments and purchases of spectrum licenses , and cash used to grow our subscriber base and expand our infrastructure .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash flows from operating activities . we typically reinvest the cash flow from operating activities in our business primarily to grow our subscriber base , expand our infrastructure , make strategic investments and repay debt obligations . for the years ended december 31 , 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , we reported “ net cash flows from operating activities ” of $ 2.802 billion , $ 2.436 billion , and $ 2.378 billion , respectively . net cash flows from operating activities from 2015 to 2016 increased $ 366 million , primarily attributable to a $ 999 million increase in income adjusted to exclude non-cash charges for “ realized and unrealized losses ( gains ) on investments , ” “ depreciation and amortization ” expense , “ impairment of long-lived assets ” and “ deferred tax expense ( benefit ) , ” partially offset by an increase in cash outflows resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities principally attributable to timing differences between book expense and cash payments , including income taxes . net cash flows from operating activities from 2014 to 2015 increased $ 58 million , primarily attributable to an increase in cash resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities principally attributable to timing differences between book expense and cash payments , including income taxes . this increase was partially offset by a $ 390 million decrease in income adjusted to exclude non-cash charges for “ realized and unrealized losses ( gains ) on investments , ” “ impairment of long-lived assets , ” “ depreciation and amortization ” expense and “ deferred tax expense ( benefit ) . ” included in this amount is the $ 516 million payment related to the “ fcc auction expense. ” cash flows from investing activities . our investing activities generally include purchases and sales of marketable investment securities , acquisitions , strategic investments , including purchases and settlements of derivative financial instruments and purchases of spectrum licenses , and cash used to grow our subscriber base and expand our infrastructure .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : in addition , fcc rules restrict information that applicants may disclose about their participation in auction 1000 . · stage 1 : the reverse auction phase of stage 1 began on march 29 , 2016 and ended on june 29 , 2016. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 1 , in order for auction 1000 to have ultimately concluded , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 1 would have had to have exceeded approximately $ 88.4 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 1 included 100 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the forward auction phase of stage 1 began on august 16 , 2016 and ended on august 30 , 2016 , but the aggregate bids of approximately $ 23.1 billion did not exceed the approximately $ 88.4 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to stage 2 . · stage 2 : the reverse auction phase of stage 2 began on september 13 , 2016 and ended on october 13 , 2016. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 2 , in order for auction 1000 to have ultimately concluded , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 2 would have had to have exceeded approximately $ 56.5 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 2 included 90 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the forward auction phase of stage 2 began and ended on october 19 , 2016 , but the aggregate bids of approximately $ 21.5 billion did not exceed the approximately $ 56.5 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to stage 3 . · stage 3 : the reverse auction phase of stage 3 began on november 1 , 2016 and ended on december 1 , 2016. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 3 , in order for auction 1000 to have ultimately concluded , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 3 would have had to have exceeded approximately $ 42.3 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 3 included 80 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the forward auction phase of stage 3 began and ended on december 5 , 2016 , but the aggregate bids of approximately $ 19.7 billion did not exceed the approximately $ 42.3 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to stage 4 . 64 · stage 4 : the reverse auction phase of stage 4 began on december 13 , 2016 and ended on january 13 , 2017. pursuant to the fcc 's procedures for auction 1000 and based on the results of the reverse auction phase of stage 4 , in order for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude , the aggregate bids in the forward auction phase of stage 4 would have to exceed approximately $ 12.0 billion . the forward auction phase of stage 4 includes 70 mhz of spectrum in over 90 % of the available licensed geographic areas , based on the broadcasters ' indicated availability of spectrum in the reverse auction phase . the clock bidding portion of the forward auction phase of stage 4 began on january 18 , 2017 and ended on february 10 , 2017. the aggregate bids of approximately $ 19.6 billion exceeded the approximately $ 12.0 billion required for auction 1000 to ultimately conclude . as a result , auction 1000 moved to the assignment portion of the forward auction phase in which winning bidders in the clock bidding portion have the opportunity to bid for frequency-specific licenses . the assignment portion is scheduled to begin on march 6 , 2017 , and all assignment rounds are expected to end no later than march 30 , 2017. during the assignment portion , ‎the fcc rules restricting information that forward auction applicants may disclose about their participation in auction 1000 remain in place . as mentioned above , a subsidiary of dish network qualified to participate in the forward auction . to the extent that it is the winning bidder for any 600 mhz licenses , we would expect to pay for such licenses from any upfront deposit made with the fcc and or existing cash and marketable investment securities balances . see note 14 “ commitments and contingencies — wireless — dish network spectrum ” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this annual report on form 10-k for further information . dish network non-controlling investments in the northstar entities and the snr entities related to aws-3 wireless spectrum licenses through our wholly-owned subsidiaries american ii and american iii , we have made over $ 10.0 billion in certain non-controlling investments in northstar spectrum , the parent company of northstar wireless , and in snr holdco , the parent company of snr wireless , respectively . on october 27 , 2015 , the fcc granted the northstar licenses to northstar wireless and the snr licenses to snr wireless , respectively , which are recorded in “ fcc authorizations ” on our consolidated balance sheets . story_separator_special_tag all new dbs receivers that we purchase from echostar have mpeg-4 compression with 8psk modulation technology . 67 in addition , from time to time , we change equipment for certain subscribers to make more efficient use of transponder capacity in support of hd and other initiatives . we believe that the benefit from the increase in available transponder capacity outweighs the short-term cost of these equipment changes . share exchange agreement on january 31 , 2017 , we and our indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries dnllc and dollc , entered into the share exchange agreement with echostar , eb holdco , eb splitco , et splitco , and etllc . pursuant to the share exchange agreement , among other things : ( i ) echostar will complete the steps necessary for certain assets and liabilities of the transferred businesses to be transferred to eb splitco and et splitco ; and ( ii ) echostar will transfer to us 100 % of the equity of eb splitco and et splitco , and in exchange , we will transfer the echostar tracking stock to echostar and the hssc tracking stock to hssc . the financial results related to the share exchange agreement are not included in our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented as the closing of the transaction is subject to various conditions and is not expected to close prior to february 28 , 2017. see note 18 to our consolidated financial statements in this annual report on form 10-k for further information . explanation of key metrics and other items subscriber-related revenue . “ subscriber-related revenue ” consists principally of revenue from basic , premium movie , local , hd programming , pay-per-view , latino and international subscriptions ; broadband services ; equipment rental fees and other hardware related fees , including fees for dvrs , fees for broadband equipment , equipment upgrade fees and additional outlet fees ; advertising services ; fees earned from our in-home service operations and other subscriber revenue . certain of the amounts included in “ subscriber-related revenue ” are not recurring on a monthly basis . equipment sales and other revenue . “ equipment sales and other revenue ” principally includes the non-subsidized sales of dbs accessories to independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distributors of our equipment and revenue from equipment sales and other agreements with echostar . subscriber-related expenses . “ subscriber-related expenses ” principally include programming expenses , which represent a substantial majority of these expenses . “ subscriber-related expenses ” also include costs for pay-tv and broadband services incurred in connection with our in-home service and call center operations , billing costs , refurbishment and repair costs related to dbs receiver systems and broadband equipment , subscriber retention , other variable subscriber expenses and monthly wholesale fees paid to broadband providers . satellite and transmission expenses . “ satellite and transmission expenses ” includes the cost of leasing satellite and transponder capacity from echostar and the cost of digital broadcast operations provided to us by echostar , including satellite uplinking/downlinking , signal processing , conditional access management , telemetry , tracking and control , and other professional services . “ satellite and transmission expenses ” also includes executory costs associated with capital leases and costs associated with transponder leases and other related services . in addition , “ satellite and transmission expenses ” includes costs associated with our sling tv services including , among other things , streaming delivery technology and infrastructure . cost of sales - equipment and other . “ cost of sales - equipment and other ” primarily includes the cost of non-subsidized sales of dbs accessories to independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distributors of our equipment and costs related to equipment sales and other agreements with echostar . subscriber acquisition costs . while we primarily lease dbs receiver systems and broadband modem equipment , we also subsidize certain costs to attract new subscribers . our “ subscriber acquisition costs ” include the cost of subsidized sales of dbs receiver systems to independent third-party retailers and other independent third-party distributors of our equipment , the cost of subsidized sales of dbs receiver systems directly by us to subscribers , including net costs related to our promotional incentives , costs related to our direct sales efforts and costs related to installation and acquisition advertising . our “ subscriber acquisition costs ” also includes costs associated with acquiring sling branded pay-tv subscribers including , among other things , costs related to acquisition advertising , our direct sales efforts and commissions . 68 pay-tv sac . subscriber acquisition cost measures are commonly used by those evaluating companies in the pay-tv industry . we are not aware of any uniform standards for calculating the “ average subscriber acquisition costs per new pay-tv subscriber activation , ” or pay-tv sac , and we believe presentations of pay-tv sac may not be calculated consistently by different companies in the same or similar businesses . our pay-tv sac is calculated as “ subscriber acquisition costs , ” excluding “ subscriber acquisition costs ” associated with our broadband services , plus the value of equipment capitalized under our lease program for new dish branded pay-tv subscribers , divided by gross new pay-tv subscriber activations . we include all the costs of acquiring pay-tv subscribers ( e.g . , subsidized and capitalized equipment ) as we believe it is a more comprehensive measure of how much we are spending to acquire subscribers . we also include all new pay-tv subscribers in our calculation , including pay-tv subscribers added with little or no subscriber acquisition costs . subscriber acquisition costs for sling branded pay-tv subscribers are significantly lower than those for dish branded pay-tv subscribers , and therefore , as sling branded pay-tv subscriber activations increase , it will have a positive impact on pay-tv sac . general and administrative expenses . “ general and administrative expenses ” consists primarily of employee-related costs associated

