reserves for sell-in stock rotations , where applicable , are estimated based primarily on historical experience and provided for at the time of shipment . revenue from sales by our sell-through distributors is recognized at the time of reported resale . under both types of revenue recognition , persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists , the price is fixed or determinable , title has transferred , collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured , and there are no remaining customer acceptance requirements and no remaining significant performance obligations . 28 orders from our sell-through distributors are initially recorded at published list prices ; however , for a majority of our sales , the final selling price is determined at the time of resale and in accordance with a distributor price agreement . for this reason , we do not recognize revenue until products are resold by sell-through distributors to an end customer . in certain circumstances , we allow sell-through distributors to return unsold products . at times , we protect our sell-through distributors against reductions in published list prices . at the time of shipment to sell-through distributors , we ( a ) record accounts receivable at published list price since there is a legally enforceable obligation from the distributor to pay us currently for product delivered , ( b ) relieve inventory for the carrying value of goods shipped since legal title has passed to the distributor , and ( c ) record deferred revenue and deferred cost of sales in deferred income and allowances on sales to sell-through distributors in the liability section of our consolidated balance sheets . revenue and cost of sales to sell-through distributors are deferred until either the product is resold by the distributor or , in certain cases , return privileges terminate , at which time revenue and cost of product revenue are reflected in net loss in our consolidated statements of operations , and accounts receivable , net is adjusted to reflect the final selling price . licensing and services revenue our licensing and services revenue is comprised of revenue from our intellectual property ( `` ip `` ) core licensing activity , patent monetization activities , and royalty and adopter fee revenue from our standards activities . these activities are complementary to our product sales and help us monetize our ip and accelerate market adoption curves associated with our technology and standards . from time to time we enter into patent sale and licensing agreements to monetize and license a broad portfolio of our patented inventions . such licensing agreements may include upfront license fees and ongoing royalties . the contractual terms of the agreements generally provide for payments of upfront license fees and or royalties over an extended period of time . revenue from such license fees is recognized when payments become due and payable as long as all other revenue recognition criteria are met , while revenue from royalties is recognized when reported to us by customers . we enter into ip licensing agreements that generally provide licensees the right to incorporate our ip components into their products pursuant to terms and conditions that vary by licensee . revenue earned under these agreements is classified as licensing and services revenue . our ip licensing agreements generally include multiple elements , which may include one or more off-the-shelf or customized ip licenses bundled with support services covering a fixed period of time , generally one year . if the different elements of a multiple-element arrangement qualify as separate units of accounting , we allocate the total arrangement consideration to each element based on relative selling price . amounts allocated to off-the-shelf ip licenses are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met . amounts allocated to the support services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the support period , generally one year . certain licensing agreements provide for royalty payments based on agreed-upon royalty rates , which may be fixed or variable depending on the terms of the agreement . the amount of revenue we recognize is based on a specified time period or on the agreed-upon royalty rate multiplied by the reported number of units shipped by the customer . from time to time , we enter into ip licensing agreements that involve significant modification , customization or engineering services . revenues derived from these contracts are accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method or completed contract method . the completed contract method is used for contracts where there is a risk associated with final acceptance by the customer or for short-term contracts . inventories and cost of product revenue inventories are recorded at the lower of average cost determined on a first-in-first-out basis or market . we establish provisions for inventory if it is obsolete or we hold quantities which are in excess of projected customer demand . the creation of such provisions results in a write-down of inventory to net realizable value and a charge to cost of product revenue . restructuring charges expenses associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized when incurred under asc 420 , “ exit or disposal cost obligations , ” for everything but severance . because the company has a history of paying severance benefits , the cost of severance benefits associated with a restructuring plan is recorded when such costs are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated in accordance with asc 712 , “ compensation - nonretirement postemployment benefits . ” when leased facilities are vacated , an amount equal to the total future lease obligations from the date of vacating the premises through the expiration of the lease , net of any future sublease income , is recorded as a part of restructuring charges . 29 impairment of long-lived assets long-lived assets , including amortizable intangible assets , are carried on our financial statements based on their cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization . story_separator_special_tag revenue from end customers our top five end customers constituted approximately 26 % in fiscal 2017 , compared to approximately 27 % and 32 % in fiscal years 2016 and 2015 , respectively , primarily due to a more diverse customer base . during fiscal years 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , no end customer accounted for more than 10 % of total revenue . our largest end customer in fiscal 2017 accounted for approximately 7.3 % of total revenue . our largest end customer in fiscal 2016 accounted for approximately 9.9 % of total revenue , while our largest end customer in fiscal 2015 accounted for approximately 9.3 % of total revenue . revenue from sell-through distributors sales through distributors have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue . revenue attributable to resale of products by sell-through distributors as a percentage of total revenue is presented in the following table : replace_table_token_7_th revenue attributable to revenue streams other than sell-through distributors decreased in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 , resulting in increases in sell-through distribution revenue as a percentage of total revenue . revenue from sell-through distributors as a percent of total revenue increased in fiscal 2016 primarily due to an increase in new programmable production volume in consumer mobile devices shipped through a sell-through distributor in 2016 , as well as declines in channels other than sell-through distributors from 2015 levels , mainly due to declines in dtv and home theater related devices and handset content revenues . based on our assessment of the implementation of accounting standards update ( asu ) no . 2014-09 , revenue from contracts with customers ( topic 606 ) , we believe the most significant impact of the new standard will be to accelerate the timing of revenue recognition on product shipments to our sell-through distributors . assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met , the new guidance would require us to recognize revenue and costs relating to such sales upon shipment to the distributor - subject to reductions for estimated reserves for price adjustments and returns - rather than upon the ultimate sale by the distributor to its end customer , as is our current practice . the impact of this change will depend primarily on the level of inventory held by sell-through distributors at the beginning and end of each period . to the extent these inventory levels fluctuate significantly , revenue under the new standard could be materially different than that under the current standard . we anticipate the adoption of the new standard to increase revenue from sell-through distributors for fiscal 2018 in the $ 5 million to $ 10 million range . gross margin the composition of our gross margin , including as a percentage of revenue , is presented in the following table : replace_table_token_8_th 34 gross margin , as a percentage of revenue , decreased 1.6 percentage points from fiscal 2016 to fiscal 2017 primarily due to the decrease in licensing and services gross margin , which decreased 14.2 percentage points from fiscal 2016 to fiscal 2017. this was primarily due to the $ 18.0 million patent sale in fiscal 2017. the costs associated with the patent sale of $ 3.6 million , primarily the net book value of the patents acquired in our acquisition of silicon image , were greater than usual for this category and had a substantial impact on licensing and services gross margin . gross margin and product gross margin , as a percentage of revenue , increased 3.5 and 4.0 percentage points , respectively , from fiscal 2015 to fiscal 2016. of this increase , approximately 2.5 percentage points was due to product cost reductions from lower overhead burden rates , reduced wafer and packaging costs , and improved yields . approximately another 1.5 percentage points of the increase was due to the reduced amortization in the current year of purchase price accounting adjustments ( now completed ) associated with the sell-through of acquired inventory and deferred revenue . these increases were partially offset by a less favorable product and customer mix . because of its higher margin , the licensing and services portion of our overall revenue can have a disproportionate impact on gross margin and profitability . for programmable and standard products , we expect that product , end market , and customer mix will subject our gross margin to fluctuation , while we expect downward pressure on average selling price to adversely affect our gross margin in the future . if we are unable to realize additional or sufficient product cost reductions in the future to balance changes in product and customer mix , we may experience degradation in our product gross margin . operating expenses research and development expense the composition of our research and development expenses , including as a percentage of revenue , is presented in the following table : replace_table_token_9_th research and development expense includes costs for compensation and benefits , stock compensation , development masks , engineering wafers , depreciation , licenses , and outside engineering services . these expenditures are for the design of new products , ip cores , processes , packaging , and software to support new products . we believe that a continued commitment to research and development is essential to maintaining product leadership and providing innovative new product offerings and , therefore , we expect to continue to make significant future investments in research and development . the decrease in research and development expense for fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 is due mainly to the cost reductions realized from the restructuring actions and integration of operations undertaken since the acquisition of silicon image , including the sales of assets and business units . these savings were predominantly from headcount reductions and site consolidations . additionally , we saw reduced mask , wafer , and assembly costs , and depreciation expense , partially offset by higher bonus and ip insourcing expenses

cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities of $ 5.1 million between december 31 , 2016 and december 30 , 2017 , was primarily driven by $ 35.4 million cash used in the repayment of debt and $ 21.4 million of cash used in capital expenditures and payment for software licenses , offset by $ 7.9 million of proceeds from the sale of a building , and by $ 38.5 million in cash provided by operations , which includes a total $ 18.0 million received from a patent sale transaction . 40 accounts receivable , net replace_table_token_19_th accounts receivable , net as of december 30 , 2017 decreased by $ 44.5 million , or 44.7 % , compared to december 31 , 2016 . a majority of the decrease in receivables was due to a decrease in product billings , net of credits , during the fourth quarter of 2017 mainly to our sell-through customers . there was an inventory buildup at our sell-through distributors during 2017 followed by a return to more normal inventory levels at the end of 2017. this resulted in a decrease in sell-through customer billings and accounts receivable of approximately $ 25 million at the end of 2017. there was also a reduction of receivables related to licensing and services . the termination of our role as agent for the hdmi consortium accounted for $ 6.3 million of the decrease , and collections of other licensing and services receivables outstanding at december 31 , 2016 contributed another $ 1.1 million to the reduction in receivables during the fiscal year ended december 30 , 2017 . timing of collections and lower 2017 revenues as compared to 2016 contributed to the remaining decrease in receivables . overall days sales outstanding at december 30 , 2017 was 53 days , a decrease of 24 days from 77 days at december 31 , 2016 . days sales outstanding at december 30 , 2017 related to product revenue was 53 days , a decrease of 22 days from 75 days at december 31 , 2016 , as a result of the decrease in sell-through distributor billings described above .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash and cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities of $ 5.1 million between december 31 , 2016 and december 30 , 2017 , was primarily driven by $ 35.4 million cash used in the repayment of debt and $ 21.4 million of cash used in capital expenditures and payment for software licenses , offset by $ 7.9 million of proceeds from the sale of a building , and by $ 38.5 million in cash provided by operations , which includes a total $ 18.0 million received from a patent sale transaction . 40 accounts receivable , net replace_table_token_19_th accounts receivable , net as of december 30 , 2017 decreased by $ 44.5 million , or 44.7 % , compared to december 31 , 2016 . a majority of the decrease in receivables was due to a decrease in product billings , net of credits , during the fourth quarter of 2017 mainly to our sell-through customers . there was an inventory buildup at our sell-through distributors during 2017 followed by a return to more normal inventory levels at the end of 2017. this resulted in a decrease in sell-through customer billings and accounts receivable of approximately $ 25 million at the end of 2017. there was also a reduction of receivables related to licensing and services . the termination of our role as agent for the hdmi consortium accounted for $ 6.3 million of the decrease , and collections of other licensing and services receivables outstanding at december 31 , 2016 contributed another $ 1.1 million to the reduction in receivables during the fiscal year ended december 30 , 2017 . timing of collections and lower 2017 revenues as compared to 2016 contributed to the remaining decrease in receivables . overall days sales outstanding at december 30 , 2017 was 53 days , a decrease of 24 days from 77 days at december 31 , 2016 . days sales outstanding at december 30 , 2017 related to product revenue was 53 days , a decrease of 22 days from 75 days at december 31 , 2016 , as a result of the decrease in sell-through distributor billings described above .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : reserves for sell-in stock rotations , where applicable , are estimated based primarily on historical experience and provided for at the time of shipment . revenue from sales by our sell-through distributors is recognized at the time of reported resale . under both types of revenue recognition , persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists , the price is fixed or determinable , title has transferred , collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured , and there are no remaining customer acceptance requirements and no remaining significant performance obligations . 28 orders from our sell-through distributors are initially recorded at published list prices ; however , for a majority of our sales , the final selling price is determined at the time of resale and in accordance with a distributor price agreement . for this reason , we do not recognize revenue until products are resold by sell-through distributors to an end customer . in certain circumstances , we allow sell-through distributors to return unsold products . at times , we protect our sell-through distributors against reductions in published list prices . at the time of shipment to sell-through distributors , we ( a ) record accounts receivable at published list price since there is a legally enforceable obligation from the distributor to pay us currently for product delivered , ( b ) relieve inventory for the carrying value of goods shipped since legal title has passed to the distributor , and ( c ) record deferred revenue and deferred cost of sales in deferred income and allowances on sales to sell-through distributors in the liability section of our consolidated balance sheets . revenue and cost of sales to sell-through distributors are deferred until either the product is resold by the distributor or , in certain cases , return privileges terminate , at which time revenue and cost of product revenue are reflected in net loss in our consolidated statements of operations , and accounts receivable , net is adjusted to reflect the final selling price . licensing and services revenue our licensing and services revenue is comprised of revenue from our intellectual property ( `` ip `` ) core licensing activity , patent monetization activities , and royalty and adopter fee revenue from our standards activities . these activities are complementary to our product sales and help us monetize our ip and accelerate market adoption curves associated with our technology and standards . from time to time we enter into patent sale and licensing agreements to monetize and license a broad portfolio of our patented inventions . such licensing agreements may include upfront license fees and ongoing royalties . the contractual terms of the agreements generally provide for payments of upfront license fees and or royalties over an extended period of time . revenue from such license fees is recognized when payments become due and payable as long as all other revenue recognition criteria are met , while revenue from royalties is recognized when reported to us by customers . we enter into ip licensing agreements that generally provide licensees the right to incorporate our ip components into their products pursuant to terms and conditions that vary by licensee . revenue earned under these agreements is classified as licensing and services revenue . our ip licensing agreements generally include multiple elements , which may include one or more off-the-shelf or customized ip licenses bundled with support services covering a fixed period of time , generally one year . if the different elements of a multiple-element arrangement qualify as separate units of accounting , we allocate the total arrangement consideration to each element based on relative selling price . amounts allocated to off-the-shelf ip licenses are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met . amounts allocated to the support services are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the support period , generally one year . certain licensing agreements provide for royalty payments based on agreed-upon royalty rates , which may be fixed or variable depending on the terms of the agreement . the amount of revenue we recognize is based on a specified time period or on the agreed-upon royalty rate multiplied by the reported number of units shipped by the customer . from time to time , we enter into ip licensing agreements that involve significant modification , customization or engineering services . revenues derived from these contracts are accounted for using the percentage-of-completion method or completed contract method . the completed contract method is used for contracts where there is a risk associated with final acceptance by the customer or for short-term contracts . inventories and cost of product revenue inventories are recorded at the lower of average cost determined on a first-in-first-out basis or market . we establish provisions for inventory if it is obsolete or we hold quantities which are in excess of projected customer demand . the creation of such provisions results in a write-down of inventory to net realizable value and a charge to cost of product revenue . restructuring charges expenses associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized when incurred under asc 420 , “ exit or disposal cost obligations , ” for everything but severance . because the company has a history of paying severance benefits , the cost of severance benefits associated with a restructuring plan is recorded when such costs are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated in accordance with asc 712 , “ compensation - nonretirement postemployment benefits . ” when leased facilities are vacated , an amount equal to the total future lease obligations from the date of vacating the premises through the expiration of the lease , net of any future sublease income , is recorded as a part of restructuring charges . 29 impairment of long-lived assets long-lived assets , including amortizable intangible assets , are carried on our financial statements based on their cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization . story_separator_special_tag revenue from end customers our top five end customers constituted approximately 26 % in fiscal 2017 , compared to approximately 27 % and 32 % in fiscal years 2016 and 2015 , respectively , primarily due to a more diverse customer base . during fiscal years 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , no end customer accounted for more than 10 % of total revenue . our largest end customer in fiscal 2017 accounted for approximately 7.3 % of total revenue . our largest end customer in fiscal 2016 accounted for approximately 9.9 % of total revenue , while our largest end customer in fiscal 2015 accounted for approximately 9.3 % of total revenue . revenue from sell-through distributors sales through distributors have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue . revenue attributable to resale of products by sell-through distributors as a percentage of total revenue is presented in the following table : replace_table_token_7_th revenue attributable to revenue streams other than sell-through distributors decreased in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 , resulting in increases in sell-through distribution revenue as a percentage of total revenue . revenue from sell-through distributors as a percent of total revenue increased in fiscal 2016 primarily due to an increase in new programmable production volume in consumer mobile devices shipped through a sell-through distributor in 2016 , as well as declines in channels other than sell-through distributors from 2015 levels , mainly due to declines in dtv and home theater related devices and handset content revenues . based on our assessment of the implementation of accounting standards update ( asu ) no . 2014-09 , revenue from contracts with customers ( topic 606 ) , we believe the most significant impact of the new standard will be to accelerate the timing of revenue recognition on product shipments to our sell-through distributors . assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met , the new guidance would require us to recognize revenue and costs relating to such sales upon shipment to the distributor - subject to reductions for estimated reserves for price adjustments and returns - rather than upon the ultimate sale by the distributor to its end customer , as is our current practice . the impact of this change will depend primarily on the level of inventory held by sell-through distributors at the beginning and end of each period . to the extent these inventory levels fluctuate significantly , revenue under the new standard could be materially different than that under the current standard . we anticipate the adoption of the new standard to increase revenue from sell-through distributors for fiscal 2018 in the $ 5 million to $ 10 million range . gross margin the composition of our gross margin , including as a percentage of revenue , is presented in the following table : replace_table_token_8_th 34 gross margin , as a percentage of revenue , decreased 1.6 percentage points from fiscal 2016 to fiscal 2017 primarily due to the decrease in licensing and services gross margin , which decreased 14.2 percentage points from fiscal 2016 to fiscal 2017. this was primarily due to the $ 18.0 million patent sale in fiscal 2017. the costs associated with the patent sale of $ 3.6 million , primarily the net book value of the patents acquired in our acquisition of silicon image , were greater than usual for this category and had a substantial impact on licensing and services gross margin . gross margin and product gross margin , as a percentage of revenue , increased 3.5 and 4.0 percentage points , respectively , from fiscal 2015 to fiscal 2016. of this increase , approximately 2.5 percentage points was due to product cost reductions from lower overhead burden rates , reduced wafer and packaging costs , and improved yields . approximately another 1.5 percentage points of the increase was due to the reduced amortization in the current year of purchase price accounting adjustments ( now completed ) associated with the sell-through of acquired inventory and deferred revenue . these increases were partially offset by a less favorable product and customer mix . because of its higher margin , the licensing and services portion of our overall revenue can have a disproportionate impact on gross margin and profitability . for programmable and standard products , we expect that product , end market , and customer mix will subject our gross margin to fluctuation , while we expect downward pressure on average selling price to adversely affect our gross margin in the future . if we are unable to realize additional or sufficient product cost reductions in the future to balance changes in product and customer mix , we may experience degradation in our product gross margin . operating expenses research and development expense the composition of our research and development expenses , including as a percentage of revenue , is presented in the following table : replace_table_token_9_th research and development expense includes costs for compensation and benefits , stock compensation , development masks , engineering wafers , depreciation , licenses , and outside engineering services . these expenditures are for the design of new products , ip cores , processes , packaging , and software to support new products . we believe that a continued commitment to research and development is essential to maintaining product leadership and providing innovative new product offerings and , therefore , we expect to continue to make significant future investments in research and development . the decrease in research and development expense for fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016 is due mainly to the cost reductions realized from the restructuring actions and integration of operations undertaken since the acquisition of silicon image , including the sales of assets and business units . these savings were predominantly from headcount reductions and site consolidations . additionally , we saw reduced mask , wafer , and assembly costs , and depreciation expense , partially offset by higher bonus and ip insourcing expenses

