corebiome , a spin-off from the university of minnesota , is based in st. paul , minnesota and provides microbiome laboratory and analytical services that can accelerate research and discovery for customers in the pharmaceutical , agricultural and academic research communities . corebiome was co-founded in 2016 by dr. dan knights , a globally-recognized expert in microbiome informatics who has developed leading methods for analyzing microbiome data , along with dr. daryl gohl and dr. kenny beckman , domain experts in genomics methods and clinical lab operations . 49 novosanis is a belgian company that was founded in 2013 as a spin-off from the university of antwerp , belgium . novosanis is an early commercial stage producer and distributor of urine sample collection devices targeting the liquid biopsy and sexually transmitted infection screening markets . novosanis ' primary product is colli-pee , an easy to use device designed for the standardized collection of first-void urine which can be used in the privacy of the user 's home or in a clinic . product validation and clinical trials are also under way with various sexually transmitted infection test manufacturers . in november 2019 , we acquired another microbiome laboratory services provider , diversigen . based in houston , texas , diversigen provides science-driven , customized solutions for metagenomics sequencing , bioinformatics , and statistical analysis for the study of the microbiome . the company was founded in 2013 by dr. joseph petrosino , director of the alkek center for metagenomics and microbiome research at the baylor college of medicine ( “ bcm ” ) , where diversigen was a bcm portfolio company . diversigen was the first company to establish microbiome protocols in accordance with cap accreditation and clia guidelines . we used cash of $ 23.8 million in the aggregate to pay for the acquisition of these three companies . through december 31 , 2019 , we have incurred a total of $ 1.8 million of acquisition related costs , including investment banking fees and accounting , legal and other professional fees , related to the acquisitions , all of which were expensed and reported as a component of general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended december 31 , 2019. sale of business line in august 2019 , we sold all rights and title to the assets necessary to operate our cryosurgical systems line of business to a third party for $ 12.0 million . we also entered into a transition services agreement with this party in which both parties agreed to provide certain transition services beginning after the closing . this line of business consisted of medical devices used for the removal of benign skin lesions by cryosurgery or freezing . a $ 10.2 million pre-tax gain on the sale of the business is reflected in our statement of income for the year ended december 31 , 2019 and includes the $ 12.0 million proceeds received net of the fair value of the assets sold , which consisted of inventory and fully-depreciated fixed assets , the legal fees associated with the transaction , and a value attributed to the transition services . current consolidated financial results during the year ended december 31 , 2019 , our consolidated net revenues decreased 15 % to $ 154.6 million , compared to $ 181.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018. net product and service revenues during the year ended december 31 , 2019 decreased 10 % when compared to 2018 , primarily due to lower sales of our genomics products and lower cryosurgical sales as a result of the divestiture of our cryosurgical systems business in mid-august . partially offsetting these decreases were higher sales of our microbiome and oraquick ® hiv and hcv products . other revenues in 2019 were $ 6.5 million compared to $ 16.3 million in 2018. other revenues in 2019 consisted of royalty income of $ 5.1 million and other revenues of $ 1.4 million associated with funded research and development , reimbursement of certain costs under our charitable support agreement with the bill & melinda gates foundation ( “ gates foundation ” ) , and grant revenue . other revenues in 2018 consisted of royalty income of $ 9.7 million and $ 6.6 million of other revenue associated with funded research and development and cost reimbursement from the gates foundation . our consolidated net income for the year ended december 31 , 2019 was $ 16.7 million , or $ 0.27 per share on a fully-diluted basis , compared to consolidated net income of $ 20.4 million , or $ 0.33 per share on a fully-diluted basis , for the year ended december 31 , 2018. results for the current year included a pre-tax gain on the sale of our cryosurgical systems business of $ 10.2 million , $ 664,000 of non-cash pre-tax income associated with the change in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration and $ 1.8 million of pre-tax acquisition-related transaction costs associated with the three acquisitions that occurred in 2019. the combined net impact of these items increased earnings per share by approximately $ 0.14. results for the year ended december 31 , 2018 included $ 9.6 million of management transition costs associated with the 2018 retirements of our former president and chief executive officer ( “ ceo ” ) and chief financial officer ( “ cfo ” ) and chief operating officer , and the appointment of their successors . the results for the year ended december 31 , 2018 also included $ 1.2 million of pre-tax acquisition-related transaction costs associated with the acquisitions that were completed in january 2019. the combined impact of these charges decreased earnings per share by approximately $ 0.18. cash provided by operating activities for the year ended december 31 , 2019 was $ 9.8 million . cash provided by operating activities during the year ended december 31 , 2018 was $ 39.1 million . story_separator_special_tag . microbiome sales increased 92 % to $ 6.7 million in 2018 compared to $ 3.5 million in 2017 as interest in our microbiome product offering continued to grow with both new and existing customers . we recorded $ 9.7 million of royalty income in 2018 earned under a litigation settlement agreement . this royalty agreement was entered into in 2017 and required royalty payments beginning in the first quarter of 2018. there were no revenues of this nature in 2017 . 56 c onsolidated operating results consolidated gross profit percentage was 63 % for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to 59 % for 2017. gross profit percentage in 2018 benefited from improved product mix associated with an increase in higher gross profit percentage sales , lower manufacturing costs associated with our oragene ® product , increased royalty income and other revenues which have a gross profit percentage of 100 % , lower scrap and spoilage costs and lower royalty expense . consolidated operating income in 2018 was $ 28.4 million , an $ 11.8 million decline from $ 40.2 million of operating income reported in 2017. operating income in 2017 included a pre-tax gain of $ 12.5 million associated with the settlement of our litigation against ancestry.com dna llc and its contract manufacturer . in addition , our results for 2018 were negatively impacted by the inclusion of $ 9.6 million of transition costs associated with executive management changes , $ 1.2 million of transaction costs associated with our january 4 , 2019 acquisitions , and increased spending on research and development and sales and marketing . operating income ( loss ) by segment osur segment osur 's gross profit percentage was 56 % in 2018 compared to 58 % in 2017. osur 's gross profit percentage in 2018 was negatively impacted by an increase in lower profit percentage revenues as a result of higher international sales , partially offset by the increase in barda funding and cost reimbursement from the gates foundation , and lower scrap and spoilage costs and royalty expense . research and development expenses increased 21 % to $ 12.7 million in 2018 from $ 10.5 million in 2017 , due to increased spending on our ebola and zika products , higher staffing costs , and increased product registration fees related to our expansion in more international markets . sales and marketing expenses increased 5 % to $ 19.9 million in 2018 from $ 18.9 million in 2017 , primarily as a result of increased consulting costs associated with our international sales contractors and increased staffing costs associated with higher headcount . general and administrative expenses increased 35 % to $ 35.3 million in 2018 from $ 26.1 million in 2017 as a result of the inclusion of $ 9.6 million of transition costs associated with executive management changes , $ 1.2 million of transaction costs associated with our recent acquisitions , and higher consulting costs partially offset by a decrease in other staffing related costs . all of the above contributed to osur 's operating loss of $ 20.1 million for 2018 , which included non-cash charges of $ 3.8 million for depreciation and amortization and $ 14.7 million for stock-based compensation . dnag segment dnag 's gross profit percentage was 69 % in 2018 compared to 61 % in 2017. this increase was attributable to the royalty income recorded in 2018 and improved product mix associated with an increase in higher gross profit percentage sales and lower manufacturing costs associated with our oragene ® product . no royalty income was recorded in 2017. research and development expenses increased 25 % to $ 3.5 million in 2018 from $ 2.8 million in 2017 due to higher staffing costs associated with the development of new product and service offerings . sales and marketing expenses increased 12 % to $ 10.7 million in 2018 compared to $ 9.6 million in 2017 due to higher staffing and commission expenses . general and administrative expenses decreased 4 % to $ 3.1 million in 2018 compared to $ 3.2 million in 2017 , due to lower legal costs . operating expenses in 2017 were offset by the $ 12.5 million pre-tax gain associated with the settlement of the ancestry litigation . all of the above contributed to dnag 's operating income of $ 48.6 million for 2018 , which included non-cash charges of $ 3.4 million for depreciation and amortization and $ 540,000 for stock-based compensation . consolidated income taxes 57 we continue to believe the full valuation allowance established in 2008 against osur 's total u.s. deferred tax asset is appropriate as the facts and circumstances necessitating the allowance have not changed . for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , we recorded state income tax expense of $ 155,000 compared to $ 0 in the year ended december 31 , 2017. canadian income tax expense of $ 11.2 million and $ 10.1 million was recorded in 2018 and 2017 , respectively . the increase in income tax expense was largely a result of the increase in income before taxes generated by dnag partially offset by the additional taxes recorded during 2017 related to the $ 12.5 million litigation settlement which did not re-occur in 2018. on december 22 , 2017 , the u.s. enacted the tax act that instituted fundamental changes to the taxation on multinational corporations . the impact of the tax act on our financial results was not material given osur has a full valuation allowance against its total u.s. deferred tax assets and due to the net operating losses ( “ nols ” ) and tax credits that are being generated by the u.s. entity . story_separator_special_tag style= `` text-decoration : underline ; `` > off-balance sheet arrangements . we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements , as defined in item 303 ( a ) ( 4 ) ( ii ) of regulation s-k under the securities exchange act

liquidity and capital resources replace_table_token_13_th our cash , cash equivalents , and available-for-sale securities decreased to $ 189.8 million at december 31 , 2019 from $ 201.3 million at december 31 , 2018. our working capital increased to $ 191.8 million at december 31 , 2019 from $ 191.3 million at december 31 , 2018. during 2019 , we generated $ 9.8 million in cash from operating activities . our net income of $ 16.7 million included the pre-tax gain on the sale of our cryosurgical systems business of $ 10.2 million , non-cash charges for stock-based compensation expense of $ 4.1 million , depreciation and amortization expense of $ 7.3 million , and a provision for doubtful accounts of $ 2.2 million offset by a non-cash benefit for the change in the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration of $ 664,000 and other non-cash benefits of $ 498,000. offsetting the adjusted net income was a $ 2.2 million increase in accounts receivable largely resulting from an increase in product orders placed during the fourth quarter of 2019 , a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $ 4.0 million largely due to the submission of tax payments to the canadian taxing authorities and payment of our 2018 management incentive bonuses , a decrease in accounts payable associated with the timing of invoices paid during the year , and an increase in inventory of $ 1.3 million in order to meet contractual obligations associated with our hcv raw materials .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```liquidity and capital resources replace_table_token_13_th our cash , cash equivalents , and available-for-sale securities decreased to $ 189.8 million at december 31 , 2019 from $ 201.3 million at december 31 , 2018. our working capital increased to $ 191.8 million at december 31 , 2019 from $ 191.3 million at december 31 , 2018. during 2019 , we generated $ 9.8 million in cash from operating activities . our net income of $ 16.7 million included the pre-tax gain on the sale of our cryosurgical systems business of $ 10.2 million , non-cash charges for stock-based compensation expense of $ 4.1 million , depreciation and amortization expense of $ 7.3 million , and a provision for doubtful accounts of $ 2.2 million offset by a non-cash benefit for the change in the estimated fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration of $ 664,000 and other non-cash benefits of $ 498,000. offsetting the adjusted net income was a $ 2.2 million increase in accounts receivable largely resulting from an increase in product orders placed during the fourth quarter of 2019 , a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $ 4.0 million largely due to the submission of tax payments to the canadian taxing authorities and payment of our 2018 management incentive bonuses , a decrease in accounts payable associated with the timing of invoices paid during the year , and an increase in inventory of $ 1.3 million in order to meet contractual obligations associated with our hcv raw materials .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : corebiome , a spin-off from the university of minnesota , is based in st. paul , minnesota and provides microbiome laboratory and analytical services that can accelerate research and discovery for customers in the pharmaceutical , agricultural and academic research communities . corebiome was co-founded in 2016 by dr. dan knights , a globally-recognized expert in microbiome informatics who has developed leading methods for analyzing microbiome data , along with dr. daryl gohl and dr. kenny beckman , domain experts in genomics methods and clinical lab operations . 49 novosanis is a belgian company that was founded in 2013 as a spin-off from the university of antwerp , belgium . novosanis is an early commercial stage producer and distributor of urine sample collection devices targeting the liquid biopsy and sexually transmitted infection screening markets . novosanis ' primary product is colli-pee , an easy to use device designed for the standardized collection of first-void urine which can be used in the privacy of the user 's home or in a clinic . product validation and clinical trials are also under way with various sexually transmitted infection test manufacturers . in november 2019 , we acquired another microbiome laboratory services provider , diversigen . based in houston , texas , diversigen provides science-driven , customized solutions for metagenomics sequencing , bioinformatics , and statistical analysis for the study of the microbiome . the company was founded in 2013 by dr. joseph petrosino , director of the alkek center for metagenomics and microbiome research at the baylor college of medicine ( “ bcm ” ) , where diversigen was a bcm portfolio company . diversigen was the first company to establish microbiome protocols in accordance with cap accreditation and clia guidelines . we used cash of $ 23.8 million in the aggregate to pay for the acquisition of these three companies . through december 31 , 2019 , we have incurred a total of $ 1.8 million of acquisition related costs , including investment banking fees and accounting , legal and other professional fees , related to the acquisitions , all of which were expensed and reported as a component of general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended december 31 , 2019. sale of business line in august 2019 , we sold all rights and title to the assets necessary to operate our cryosurgical systems line of business to a third party for $ 12.0 million . we also entered into a transition services agreement with this party in which both parties agreed to provide certain transition services beginning after the closing . this line of business consisted of medical devices used for the removal of benign skin lesions by cryosurgery or freezing . a $ 10.2 million pre-tax gain on the sale of the business is reflected in our statement of income for the year ended december 31 , 2019 and includes the $ 12.0 million proceeds received net of the fair value of the assets sold , which consisted of inventory and fully-depreciated fixed assets , the legal fees associated with the transaction , and a value attributed to the transition services . current consolidated financial results during the year ended december 31 , 2019 , our consolidated net revenues decreased 15 % to $ 154.6 million , compared to $ 181.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018. net product and service revenues during the year ended december 31 , 2019 decreased 10 % when compared to 2018 , primarily due to lower sales of our genomics products and lower cryosurgical sales as a result of the divestiture of our cryosurgical systems business in mid-august . partially offsetting these decreases were higher sales of our microbiome and oraquick ® hiv and hcv products . other revenues in 2019 were $ 6.5 million compared to $ 16.3 million in 2018. other revenues in 2019 consisted of royalty income of $ 5.1 million and other revenues of $ 1.4 million associated with funded research and development , reimbursement of certain costs under our charitable support agreement with the bill & melinda gates foundation ( “ gates foundation ” ) , and grant revenue . other revenues in 2018 consisted of royalty income of $ 9.7 million and $ 6.6 million of other revenue associated with funded research and development and cost reimbursement from the gates foundation . our consolidated net income for the year ended december 31 , 2019 was $ 16.7 million , or $ 0.27 per share on a fully-diluted basis , compared to consolidated net income of $ 20.4 million , or $ 0.33 per share on a fully-diluted basis , for the year ended december 31 , 2018. results for the current year included a pre-tax gain on the sale of our cryosurgical systems business of $ 10.2 million , $ 664,000 of non-cash pre-tax income associated with the change in the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration and $ 1.8 million of pre-tax acquisition-related transaction costs associated with the three acquisitions that occurred in 2019. the combined net impact of these items increased earnings per share by approximately $ 0.14. results for the year ended december 31 , 2018 included $ 9.6 million of management transition costs associated with the 2018 retirements of our former president and chief executive officer ( “ ceo ” ) and chief financial officer ( “ cfo ” ) and chief operating officer , and the appointment of their successors . the results for the year ended december 31 , 2018 also included $ 1.2 million of pre-tax acquisition-related transaction costs associated with the acquisitions that were completed in january 2019. the combined impact of these charges decreased earnings per share by approximately $ 0.18. cash provided by operating activities for the year ended december 31 , 2019 was $ 9.8 million . cash provided by operating activities during the year ended december 31 , 2018 was $ 39.1 million . story_separator_special_tag . microbiome sales increased 92 % to $ 6.7 million in 2018 compared to $ 3.5 million in 2017 as interest in our microbiome product offering continued to grow with both new and existing customers . we recorded $ 9.7 million of royalty income in 2018 earned under a litigation settlement agreement . this royalty agreement was entered into in 2017 and required royalty payments beginning in the first quarter of 2018. there were no revenues of this nature in 2017 . 56 c onsolidated operating results consolidated gross profit percentage was 63 % for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to 59 % for 2017. gross profit percentage in 2018 benefited from improved product mix associated with an increase in higher gross profit percentage sales , lower manufacturing costs associated with our oragene ® product , increased royalty income and other revenues which have a gross profit percentage of 100 % , lower scrap and spoilage costs and lower royalty expense . consolidated operating income in 2018 was $ 28.4 million , an $ 11.8 million decline from $ 40.2 million of operating income reported in 2017. operating income in 2017 included a pre-tax gain of $ 12.5 million associated with the settlement of our litigation against ancestry.com dna llc and its contract manufacturer . in addition , our results for 2018 were negatively impacted by the inclusion of $ 9.6 million of transition costs associated with executive management changes , $ 1.2 million of transaction costs associated with our january 4 , 2019 acquisitions , and increased spending on research and development and sales and marketing . operating income ( loss ) by segment osur segment osur 's gross profit percentage was 56 % in 2018 compared to 58 % in 2017. osur 's gross profit percentage in 2018 was negatively impacted by an increase in lower profit percentage revenues as a result of higher international sales , partially offset by the increase in barda funding and cost reimbursement from the gates foundation , and lower scrap and spoilage costs and royalty expense . research and development expenses increased 21 % to $ 12.7 million in 2018 from $ 10.5 million in 2017 , due to increased spending on our ebola and zika products , higher staffing costs , and increased product registration fees related to our expansion in more international markets . sales and marketing expenses increased 5 % to $ 19.9 million in 2018 from $ 18.9 million in 2017 , primarily as a result of increased consulting costs associated with our international sales contractors and increased staffing costs associated with higher headcount . general and administrative expenses increased 35 % to $ 35.3 million in 2018 from $ 26.1 million in 2017 as a result of the inclusion of $ 9.6 million of transition costs associated with executive management changes , $ 1.2 million of transaction costs associated with our recent acquisitions , and higher consulting costs partially offset by a decrease in other staffing related costs . all of the above contributed to osur 's operating loss of $ 20.1 million for 2018 , which included non-cash charges of $ 3.8 million for depreciation and amortization and $ 14.7 million for stock-based compensation . dnag segment dnag 's gross profit percentage was 69 % in 2018 compared to 61 % in 2017. this increase was attributable to the royalty income recorded in 2018 and improved product mix associated with an increase in higher gross profit percentage sales and lower manufacturing costs associated with our oragene ® product . no royalty income was recorded in 2017. research and development expenses increased 25 % to $ 3.5 million in 2018 from $ 2.8 million in 2017 due to higher staffing costs associated with the development of new product and service offerings . sales and marketing expenses increased 12 % to $ 10.7 million in 2018 compared to $ 9.6 million in 2017 due to higher staffing and commission expenses . general and administrative expenses decreased 4 % to $ 3.1 million in 2018 compared to $ 3.2 million in 2017 , due to lower legal costs . operating expenses in 2017 were offset by the $ 12.5 million pre-tax gain associated with the settlement of the ancestry litigation . all of the above contributed to dnag 's operating income of $ 48.6 million for 2018 , which included non-cash charges of $ 3.4 million for depreciation and amortization and $ 540,000 for stock-based compensation . consolidated income taxes 57 we continue to believe the full valuation allowance established in 2008 against osur 's total u.s. deferred tax asset is appropriate as the facts and circumstances necessitating the allowance have not changed . for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , we recorded state income tax expense of $ 155,000 compared to $ 0 in the year ended december 31 , 2017. canadian income tax expense of $ 11.2 million and $ 10.1 million was recorded in 2018 and 2017 , respectively . the increase in income tax expense was largely a result of the increase in income before taxes generated by dnag partially offset by the additional taxes recorded during 2017 related to the $ 12.5 million litigation settlement which did not re-occur in 2018. on december 22 , 2017 , the u.s. enacted the tax act that instituted fundamental changes to the taxation on multinational corporations . the impact of the tax act on our financial results was not material given osur has a full valuation allowance against its total u.s. deferred tax assets and due to the net operating losses ( “ nols ” ) and tax credits that are being generated by the u.s. entity . story_separator_special_tag style= `` text-decoration : underline ; `` > off-balance sheet arrangements . we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements , as defined in item 303 ( a ) ( 4 ) ( ii ) of regulation s-k under the securities exchange act

