the restated financial statements correct the following errors : 51 appraisal action liability adjustments : · $ 43.1 million , $ 40.6 million and $ 37.8 million understatement of accrued liabilities and total stockholders ' deficit , as at september 30 , 2019 , december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively , due to applying an incorrect accounting treatment for the obligation to pay the fair market value of the former stockholders ' shares under the appraisal action . · $ 2.4 million , $ 2.9 million and $ 1.2 million understatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively , due to the unrecorded interest expense accrual associated with the company 's obligations related to the appraisal action . interest should have been accrued in the relevant periods at the rate set by the delaware court of chancery . outsourced contract cost adjustments : · a $ 5.3 million understatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and a $ 3.2 million overstatement of loss for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , due to the incorrect capitalization of employee training related costs during the set-up phase as costs of fulfilling contracts which should have been expensed under asc 340-40. additionally , an adjustment of $ 15.4 million was recorded to increase accumulated deficit as of january 1 , 2018 to correct the previously-recorded transition adjustment for costs of fulfilling contracts upon the adoption of asc 606 and asc 340-40. these errors resulted in $ 17.3 million and $ 12.0 million overstatement of intangible assets , net as of september 30 , 2019 and december 31 , 2018 , respectively . expense reimbursement adjustments : · a $ 2.1 million understatement of loss and related party payables for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 , due to non-accrual of the obligation to reimburse ex-sigma 2 for the discount to the market price on shares sold by ex-sigma 2 in a secondary offering in june 2019 and required to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . · a $ 2.4 million understatement of loss and related party payables for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , due to non-accrual of the obligation to reimburse ex-sigma 2 for the underwriting discount and commission expenses of $ 2.1 million and an advisory fee of $ 0.3 million incurred by ex-sigma 2 in a secondary offering in april 2018 and required to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . · a $ 1.5 million overstatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 , due to an amount paid to ex-sigma 2 in july 2019 for the fees incurred in connection with the secondary offering , out of a total reimbursable amount of $ 4.5 million as discussed in the two bullet points above , was erroneously recorded as selling , general and administrative expenses . · $ 1.7 million and $ 5.2 million understatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , respectively , due to the unrecorded related party expense accrual associated with the company 's obligation to reimburse ex-sigma 2 in connection with premium payments made by ex-sigma 2 under the margin loan and required to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . this error resulted in $ 6.9 million and $ 5.2 million understatement of related party payables as of september 30 , 2019 and december 31 , 2018 , respectively . · $ 0.5 million and $ 0.4 million overstatement of selling , general and administrative expenses and understatement of related party expense by the same amount for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and year ended december 31 , 2018 , respectively , due to incorrect classification of related party expense as selling , general and administrative expenses . this error had no impact on net loss . revenue recognition adjustments : · a $ 4.8 million understatement of loss , for the year ended december 31 , 2017 , due to incorrect recognition of revenue of $ 6.4 million and related cost of revenue of $ 1.6 million in 2017 related to a multiple element 52 arrangement that included a software license where vendor specific objective evidence ( vsoe ) of fair value was not established for the undelivered elements of the arrangement under the previous revenue recognition guidance in asc 985-605. this error resulted in a $ 6.4 million understatement of deferred revenue and a $ 1.6 million understatement of prepaid expenses and other current assets as at december 31 , 2017 . · a $ 1.9 million understatement of revenues and understatement of cost of revenue by the same amount for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 , due to incorrect application of the gross vs. net presentation guidance under asc 606. the company incorrectly netted the costs of rendering service from the revenue under a contract with one customer . this error had no impact on net loss . cash flows classification adjustments : · $ 0.1 million and $ 34.5 million understatement of operating cash flows and overstatement of financing cash flows , for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively , due to the incorrect interpretation of asu 2016-15 ( classification of certain receipts and cash payments ) and application on a retrospective basis upon adoption of asu 2016-15 in 2018 . story_separator_special_tag llps—cost of revenue decreased $ 4.3 million , or 7.8 % , to $ 51.2 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 55.6 million for year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenues of $ 1.0 million as a result of the sale of meridian consulting group , llc and a decrease from the legal claims administration of $ 2.6 million . selling , general and administrative expenses ( “ sg & a ” ) selling , general , and administrative expenses decreased $ 36.0 million , or 16.3 % , to $ 184.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 221.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease was primarily attributable to the 2017 expenses for professional fees related to the novitex business combination , which contributed $ 60.0 million in expense for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease is offset by increases attributable to acquisitions in 2018 and 2017 which contributed $ 13.2 million in expense for the year ended december 31 , 2018. the decrease was additionally offset by investments in our strategy to grow revenue and increases in public company and compliance costs . depreciation & amortization depreciation and amortization expense increased $ 39.2 million , or 39.6 % , to $ 138.1 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 98.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the increase was primarily attributable to accelerated amortization of trademarks and trade names resulting in higher amortization expense for the years ended december 31 , 2018 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2017. impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 was $ 48.1 million and $ 69.4 million , respectively . as a result of declining revenue and a change in our branding and marketing strategy , we quantitatively assessed goodwill and other intangible assets as part of our annual impairment test . this assessment resulted in an impairment charge of $ 44.4 million to goodwill at llps reporting unit , and $ 3.7 million related to our trade names intangible assets . related party expense related party expense decreased $ 21.0 million , or 62.9 % , to $ 12.4 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 33.4 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease was primarily attributable to the $ 23.0 million of contract termination and advisory fees to hgm during 2017 in connection with the novitex business 60 combination . additionally , the july 2017 termination of the management agreement with hgm resulted in lower management fees expense of $ 6.0m for the comparative period . the decrease was offset by an accrual of related party expenses of $ 8.1 million required to be reimbursed to ex-sigma 2 pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . interest expense interest expense increased $ 26.3 million , or 20.3 % , to $ 156.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 129.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the increase was primarily attributable to the issuance of new debt in conjunction with the novitex business combination . loss on extinguishment of debt loss on extinguishment of debt for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 was $ 1.1 million and $ 35.5 million , respectively . the decrease is directly related to the restructuring and novitex business combination in 2017. sundry expense ( income ) sundry expense increased by $ 5.6 million to $ ( 3.3 ) million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 2.3 million for the years ended december 31 , 2017. the increase was mainly attributable to foreign currency transaction losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations . other income other income for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 was $ 3.0 million and $ 1.3 million , respectively . the interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge . as such , changes in the fair value of the derivative of $ 2.5 million are recorded directly in earnings . income tax ( expense ) benefit income tax benefit decreased $ 69.4 million to $ ( 8.4 ) million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 61.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the december 31 , 2018 federal tax expense is primarily due to the impact of the tcja . other financial information ( non‑gaap financial measures ) we view ebitda and adjusted ebitda as important indicators of performance . we define ebitda as net income , plus taxes , interest expense , and depreciation and amortization . we define adjusted ebitda as ebitda plus optimization and restructuring charges , including severance and retention expenses ; transaction and integration costs ; other non‑cash charges , including non‑cash compensation , ( gain ) or loss from sale or disposal of assets , and impairment charges ; and management fees and expenses . we present ebitda and adjusted ebitda because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting our business in addition to measures calculated under gaap . additionally , our credit agreement requires us to comply with certain ebitda related metrics . refer to— “ liquidity and capital resources—indebtedness . ” note regarding non‑gaap financial measures ebitda and adjusted ebitda are not financial measures presented in accordance with gaap . we believe that the presentation of these non‑gaap financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use ebitda and adjusted ebitda to assess our financial performance , because it allows them to compare our

loss on extinguishment of debt loss on extinguishment of debt for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 was $ 1.4 million and $ 1.1 million . the repricing and issuance of the 2019 and 2018 incremental term loans resulted in the partial debt extinguishment , for which exela recognized $ 1.4 million and $ 1.1 million in debt extinguishment costs . sundry expense ( income ) sundry expense increased by $ 4.2 million to $ 1.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2019 compared to $ ( 3.3 ) million for the year ended december 31 , 2018. the increase was mainly attributable to foreign currency transaction losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations . other income other income for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 was $ ( 14.4 ) million and $ 3.0 million respectively . the decrease of $ 17.5 million over the prior year period is primarily attributable to the appraisal action settlement expenses and an interest rate swap entered into in 2017. the interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge . as such , changes in the fair value of this derivative instrument are recorded directly in earnings .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```loss on extinguishment of debt loss on extinguishment of debt for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 was $ 1.4 million and $ 1.1 million . the repricing and issuance of the 2019 and 2018 incremental term loans resulted in the partial debt extinguishment , for which exela recognized $ 1.4 million and $ 1.1 million in debt extinguishment costs . sundry expense ( income ) sundry expense increased by $ 4.2 million to $ 1.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2019 compared to $ ( 3.3 ) million for the year ended december 31 , 2018. the increase was mainly attributable to foreign currency transaction losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations . other income other income for the years ended december 31 , 2019 and 2018 was $ ( 14.4 ) million and $ 3.0 million respectively . the decrease of $ 17.5 million over the prior year period is primarily attributable to the appraisal action settlement expenses and an interest rate swap entered into in 2017. the interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge . as such , changes in the fair value of this derivative instrument are recorded directly in earnings .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : the restated financial statements correct the following errors : 51 appraisal action liability adjustments : · $ 43.1 million , $ 40.6 million and $ 37.8 million understatement of accrued liabilities and total stockholders ' deficit , as at september 30 , 2019 , december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively , due to applying an incorrect accounting treatment for the obligation to pay the fair market value of the former stockholders ' shares under the appraisal action . · $ 2.4 million , $ 2.9 million and $ 1.2 million understatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively , due to the unrecorded interest expense accrual associated with the company 's obligations related to the appraisal action . interest should have been accrued in the relevant periods at the rate set by the delaware court of chancery . outsourced contract cost adjustments : · a $ 5.3 million understatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and a $ 3.2 million overstatement of loss for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , due to the incorrect capitalization of employee training related costs during the set-up phase as costs of fulfilling contracts which should have been expensed under asc 340-40. additionally , an adjustment of $ 15.4 million was recorded to increase accumulated deficit as of january 1 , 2018 to correct the previously-recorded transition adjustment for costs of fulfilling contracts upon the adoption of asc 606 and asc 340-40. these errors resulted in $ 17.3 million and $ 12.0 million overstatement of intangible assets , net as of september 30 , 2019 and december 31 , 2018 , respectively . expense reimbursement adjustments : · a $ 2.1 million understatement of loss and related party payables for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 , due to non-accrual of the obligation to reimburse ex-sigma 2 for the discount to the market price on shares sold by ex-sigma 2 in a secondary offering in june 2019 and required to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . · a $ 2.4 million understatement of loss and related party payables for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , due to non-accrual of the obligation to reimburse ex-sigma 2 for the underwriting discount and commission expenses of $ 2.1 million and an advisory fee of $ 0.3 million incurred by ex-sigma 2 in a secondary offering in april 2018 and required to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . · a $ 1.5 million overstatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 , due to an amount paid to ex-sigma 2 in july 2019 for the fees incurred in connection with the secondary offering , out of a total reimbursable amount of $ 4.5 million as discussed in the two bullet points above , was erroneously recorded as selling , general and administrative expenses . · $ 1.7 million and $ 5.2 million understatement of loss for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and for the year ended december 31 , 2018 , respectively , due to the unrecorded related party expense accrual associated with the company 's obligation to reimburse ex-sigma 2 in connection with premium payments made by ex-sigma 2 under the margin loan and required to be reimbursed pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . this error resulted in $ 6.9 million and $ 5.2 million understatement of related party payables as of september 30 , 2019 and december 31 , 2018 , respectively . · $ 0.5 million and $ 0.4 million overstatement of selling , general and administrative expenses and understatement of related party expense by the same amount for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 and year ended december 31 , 2018 , respectively , due to incorrect classification of related party expense as selling , general and administrative expenses . this error had no impact on net loss . revenue recognition adjustments : · a $ 4.8 million understatement of loss , for the year ended december 31 , 2017 , due to incorrect recognition of revenue of $ 6.4 million and related cost of revenue of $ 1.6 million in 2017 related to a multiple element 52 arrangement that included a software license where vendor specific objective evidence ( vsoe ) of fair value was not established for the undelivered elements of the arrangement under the previous revenue recognition guidance in asc 985-605. this error resulted in a $ 6.4 million understatement of deferred revenue and a $ 1.6 million understatement of prepaid expenses and other current assets as at december 31 , 2017 . · a $ 1.9 million understatement of revenues and understatement of cost of revenue by the same amount for the nine months ended september 30 , 2019 , due to incorrect application of the gross vs. net presentation guidance under asc 606. the company incorrectly netted the costs of rendering service from the revenue under a contract with one customer . this error had no impact on net loss . cash flows classification adjustments : · $ 0.1 million and $ 34.5 million understatement of operating cash flows and overstatement of financing cash flows , for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 , respectively , due to the incorrect interpretation of asu 2016-15 ( classification of certain receipts and cash payments ) and application on a retrospective basis upon adoption of asu 2016-15 in 2018 . story_separator_special_tag llps—cost of revenue decreased $ 4.3 million , or 7.8 % , to $ 51.2 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 55.6 million for year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in revenues of $ 1.0 million as a result of the sale of meridian consulting group , llc and a decrease from the legal claims administration of $ 2.6 million . selling , general and administrative expenses ( “ sg & a ” ) selling , general , and administrative expenses decreased $ 36.0 million , or 16.3 % , to $ 184.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 221.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease was primarily attributable to the 2017 expenses for professional fees related to the novitex business combination , which contributed $ 60.0 million in expense for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease is offset by increases attributable to acquisitions in 2018 and 2017 which contributed $ 13.2 million in expense for the year ended december 31 , 2018. the decrease was additionally offset by investments in our strategy to grow revenue and increases in public company and compliance costs . depreciation & amortization depreciation and amortization expense increased $ 39.2 million , or 39.6 % , to $ 138.1 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 98.9 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the increase was primarily attributable to accelerated amortization of trademarks and trade names resulting in higher amortization expense for the years ended december 31 , 2018 compared to the year ended december 31 , 2017. impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 was $ 48.1 million and $ 69.4 million , respectively . as a result of declining revenue and a change in our branding and marketing strategy , we quantitatively assessed goodwill and other intangible assets as part of our annual impairment test . this assessment resulted in an impairment charge of $ 44.4 million to goodwill at llps reporting unit , and $ 3.7 million related to our trade names intangible assets . related party expense related party expense decreased $ 21.0 million , or 62.9 % , to $ 12.4 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 33.4 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the decrease was primarily attributable to the $ 23.0 million of contract termination and advisory fees to hgm during 2017 in connection with the novitex business 60 combination . additionally , the july 2017 termination of the management agreement with hgm resulted in lower management fees expense of $ 6.0m for the comparative period . the decrease was offset by an accrual of related party expenses of $ 8.1 million required to be reimbursed to ex-sigma 2 pursuant to the terms of the consent , waiver and amendment . interest expense interest expense increased $ 26.3 million , or 20.3 % , to $ 156.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 129.7 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the increase was primarily attributable to the issuance of new debt in conjunction with the novitex business combination . loss on extinguishment of debt loss on extinguishment of debt for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 was $ 1.1 million and $ 35.5 million , respectively . the decrease is directly related to the restructuring and novitex business combination in 2017. sundry expense ( income ) sundry expense increased by $ 5.6 million to $ ( 3.3 ) million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 2.3 million for the years ended december 31 , 2017. the increase was mainly attributable to foreign currency transaction losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations . other income other income for the years ended december 31 , 2018 and 2017 was $ 3.0 million and $ 1.3 million , respectively . the interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge . as such , changes in the fair value of the derivative of $ 2.5 million are recorded directly in earnings . income tax ( expense ) benefit income tax benefit decreased $ 69.4 million to $ ( 8.4 ) million for the year ended december 31 , 2018 compared to $ 61.0 million for the year ended december 31 , 2017. the december 31 , 2018 federal tax expense is primarily due to the impact of the tcja . other financial information ( non‑gaap financial measures ) we view ebitda and adjusted ebitda as important indicators of performance . we define ebitda as net income , plus taxes , interest expense , and depreciation and amortization . we define adjusted ebitda as ebitda plus optimization and restructuring charges , including severance and retention expenses ; transaction and integration costs ; other non‑cash charges , including non‑cash compensation , ( gain ) or loss from sale or disposal of assets , and impairment charges ; and management fees and expenses . we present ebitda and adjusted ebitda because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting our business in addition to measures calculated under gaap . additionally , our credit agreement requires us to comply with certain ebitda related metrics . refer to— “ liquidity and capital resources—indebtedness . ” note regarding non‑gaap financial measures ebitda and adjusted ebitda are not financial measures presented in accordance with gaap . we believe that the presentation of these non‑gaap financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use ebitda and adjusted ebitda to assess our financial performance , because it allows them to compare our

