​ beginning in the first quarter of 2020 , we implemented a hiring freeze and expense reductions across the company , including the postponement and elimination of an estimated $ 150 million in capital expenditures . we furloughed 35 approximately 15,000 employees in april and may in various countries , though we returned most of those employees to work during the course of the year . we also reduced our workforce by approximately 3,300 employees or 12.4 % compared to december 31 , 2019. during 2020 , many of our employees who were not furloughed worked reduced hours and experienced pay cuts , including a six-month 100 % reduction in salary for our ceo and president and 25 % temporary reductions in salary for our other named executive officers . in addition , our board of directors waived six months of board service fees in 2020. the compensation levels for our executive officers and board of directors have since returned to their pre-covid-19 levels . ​ most of our manufacturer partners began suspending production beginning in late march 2020 , and production disruptions continued into the second quarter of 2020. these disruptions resulted in lower inventory levels , in particular for new vehicles and limited inventory of certain models . our manufacturer partners began providing us with additional incentive support in march 2020 , and our manufacturer and lending partners have provided support to retail customers , such as increased incentives , payment deferrals , as well as 0 % financing on certain vehicles and term lengths . while production has improved , the level of new vehicle inventory remains well below historical levels , which has contributed to increased gross profit on vehicles sold . ​ united states – beginning in march 2020 , shelter-in-place rules in many states either required we close dealerships or limit our automotive dealership operations to essential services . virtual/online sales of new and used vehicles remained available in all locations , while the service departments remained open to support critical transportation needs . in may 2020 , many shelter-in-place rules began to expire , and restrictions were slowly lifted in many states allowing us to reopen dealerships all of which remain open , subject in certain locations to personnel capacity limits . for the year ended december 31 , 2020 , new and used retail automotive gross profit per unit increased 19.5 % and 16.8 % , primarily due to inventory shortages and additional manufacturer incentives , while our automotive dealerships experienced a 14.4 % decrease in unit volume and a 12.5 % decrease in service and parts revenues compared to the prior year on a same-store basis . our u.s. used vehicle supercenters experienced a same-store used unit sales decline of 26.9 % in 2020 , largely attributable to lower inventory and the covid-19 pandemic . ​ commercial truck dealership sales and service operations were classified as essential businesses and remained open throughout 2020 in most locations around the u.s. and canada providing services to our customers . for the year ended december 31 , 2020 , the north american class 6-8 retail sales market declined 29.6 % , and our new same-store unit sales and revenue declined 10.0 % and 5.2 % , respectively , during the same period . ​ penske transportation solutions – we have a 28.9 % ownership interest in penske transportation solutions ( `` pts `` ) . as an integral part of the north american supply chain , pts has been generally classified as essential by governmental authorities which allowed pts to remain operating in much of its business , providing crucial supply chain and transportation services to its customers . while its full-service leasing and contract maintenance businesses remained consistent , commercial rental utilization slowed during the second quarter of 2020 but increased with the expirations of the shelter-in-place orders . in the third quarter of 2020 , pts began to experience increased levels of utilization and profitability as business conditions improved . in its logistics services business , throughout 2020 , pts experienced heavy volumes in the grocery sector which were offset by plant closings in automotive and manufacturing . in the third quarter of 2020 , most of pts ' logistics customers returned to normal operations , generating strong results . pts has also experienced improved remarketing results as truck prices improved in response to limited inventory . in response to the covid-19 pandemic , pts initially furloughed over 5,000 employees , most of which returned to work . pts also reduced executive salaries by up to 30 % , which reductions have been eliminated . ​ united kingdom – all dealerships closed on march 24 , 2020 , in accordance with government orders , though we provided service and parts operations on an emergency basis . over 90 % of the employees in the u.k. were placed on furlough beginning march 24 , 2020. however , we opened substantially all service and parts operations in mid-may 2020 and showrooms in early june 2020. during the fourth quarter of 2020 and continuing into 2021 , in response to increased incidence of the covid-19 pandemic , certain parts of the u.k. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealerships to close . we continue to conduct sales through our online “ click & collect ” program , which allows vehicle sales without showroom access . despite showroom closures in the u.k. during the fourth quarter of 2020 , our uk dealers experienced a 5.6 % increase in gross profit when compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 driven by an increase in gross profit per unit and sales through our e-commerce channels . story_separator_special_tag we record revenue for vehicle service and collision work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers . sales promotions that we offer to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenues at the time of sale . rebates and other incentives offered directly to us by manufacturers are recognized as a reduction of cost of sales . reimbursements of qualified advertising expenses are treated as a reduction of selling , general , and administrative expenses . the amounts received under certain manufacturer rebate and incentive programs are based on the attainment of program objectives , and such earnings are recognized either upon the sale of the vehicle for which the award was received or upon attainment of the particular program goals if not associated with individual vehicles . taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis ( excluded from revenue ) . during 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , we earned $ 588.7 million , $ 698.4 million , and $ 699.4 million , respectively , of rebates , incentives , and reimbursements from manufacturers , of which $ 575.4 million , $ 679.2 million , and $ 680.0 million , respectively , was recorded as a reduction of cost of sales . the remaining $ 13.3 million , $ 19.2 million , and $ 19.4 million was recorded as a reduction of selling , general , and administrative expenses during 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . ​ dealership finance and insurance sales . subsequent to the sale of a vehicle to a customer , we sell installment sale contracts to various financial institutions on a non-recourse basis ( with specified exceptions ) to mitigate the risk of default . we receive a commission from the lender equal to either the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and the interest rate set by the financing institution or a flat fee . we also receive commissions for facilitating the sale of various products to customers , including guaranteed vehicle protection insurance , vehicle theft protection , and extended service contracts . these commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract . payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer . in the case of finance contracts , a customer may prepay or fail to pay their contract , thereby terminating the contract . customers may also terminate extended service contracts and other insurance products , which are fully paid at purchase , and become eligible for refunds of unused premiums . in these circumstances , a portion of the commissions we received may be charged back based on the terms of the contracts . the revenue we record relating to these transactions is net of an estimate of the amount of chargebacks we will be required to pay . our estimate is based upon our historical experience with similar contracts , including the impact of refinance and default rates on retail finance contracts and 40 cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products . aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity were $ 28.7 million and $ 26.6 million as of december 31 , 2020 , and december 31 , 2019 , respectively . ​ commercial vehicle distribution . we record revenue from the distribution of vehicles , engines , and other products at a point in time when delivered , which is when the transfer of title , risks , and rewards of ownership and control are considered passed to the customer . we record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers . for our long-term power generation contracts , we record revenue over time as services are provided in accordance with contract milestones . ​ refer to the disclosures provided in part ii , item 8 , note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional detail on revenue recognition . ​ impairment testing ​ other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually on october 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment through a comparison of its carrying amount and estimated fair value . these indefinite-lived intangible assets relate to franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers and distributors , which represent the estimated value of franchises acquired in business combinations , and distribution agreements with commercial vehicle manufacturers , which represent the estimated value for distribution rights acquired in business combinations . an indicator of impairment exists if the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value , and an impairment loss may be recognized up to that excess . the fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow approach , which includes assumptions about revenue and profitability growth , profit margins , and the cost of capital . we also evaluate , in connection with the annual impairment testing , whether events and circumstances continue to support our assessment that the other indefinite-lived intangible assets continue to have an indefinite life . ​ goodwill impairment is assessed at the reporting unit level annually on october 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment . our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business and geography . we have determined that we have four reportable segments as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting : ( i ) retail automotive , consisting of our retail automotive dealership operations ; ( ii ) retail commercial truck , consisting of our retail commercial truck dealership operations in the u.s. and canada ; ( iii ) other , consisting of our commercial vehicle and power systems distribution operations and other non-automotive consolidated operations ; and ( iv ) non-automotive investments , consisting of our equity method investments in non-automotive operations which includes

cash flows ​ the following table summarizes the changes in our cash provided by ( used in ) operating , investing , and financing activities . the major components of these changes are discussed below . ​ replace_table_token_23_th ​ cash flows from continuing operating activities ​ cash flows from continuing operating activities includes net income , as adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital . our cash flows from continuing operating activities were positively impacted during the year ended december 31 , 2020 , due to deferrals of floorplan interest , sales and use tax , and mortgage interest resulting from covid-19-related relief provided by our lenders and government jurisdictions . ​ we finance substantially all of the commercial vehicles we purchase for distribution , new vehicles for retail sale , and a portion of our used vehicle inventories for retail sale under floor plan and other revolving arrangements with various 55 lenders , including the captive finance companies associated with automotive manufacturers . we retain the right to select which , if any , financing source to utilize in connection with the procurement of vehicle inventories . many vehicle manufacturers provide vehicle financing for the dealers representing their brands ; however , it is not a requirement that we utilize this financing . historically , our floor plan finance source has been based on aggregate pricing considerations . ​ in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles relating to the statement of cash flows , we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable with the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle as an operating activity in our statement of cash flows , and we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable to a party other than the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle , all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles , and all floor plan notes payable related to our commercial vehicles in australia and new zealand as a financing activity in our statement of cash flows . currently , the majority of our non-trade vehicle financing is with other manufacturer captive lenders .


 Write a concise suspicious activity report of the following text delimited by triple backquotes. Return your response as a formal report which covers the key points highlighting the location,dates,entity names and account holder information in chronological order of the text.
     ```cash flows ​ the following table summarizes the changes in our cash provided by ( used in ) operating , investing , and financing activities . the major components of these changes are discussed below . ​ replace_table_token_23_th ​ cash flows from continuing operating activities ​ cash flows from continuing operating activities includes net income , as adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital . our cash flows from continuing operating activities were positively impacted during the year ended december 31 , 2020 , due to deferrals of floorplan interest , sales and use tax , and mortgage interest resulting from covid-19-related relief provided by our lenders and government jurisdictions . ​ we finance substantially all of the commercial vehicles we purchase for distribution , new vehicles for retail sale , and a portion of our used vehicle inventories for retail sale under floor plan and other revolving arrangements with various 55 lenders , including the captive finance companies associated with automotive manufacturers . we retain the right to select which , if any , financing source to utilize in connection with the procurement of vehicle inventories . many vehicle manufacturers provide vehicle financing for the dealers representing their brands ; however , it is not a requirement that we utilize this financing . historically , our floor plan finance source has been based on aggregate pricing considerations . ​ in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles relating to the statement of cash flows , we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable with the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle as an operating activity in our statement of cash flows , and we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable to a party other than the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle , all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles , and all floor plan notes payable related to our commercial vehicles in australia and new zealand as a financing activity in our statement of cash flows . currently , the majority of our non-trade vehicle financing is with other manufacturer captive lenders .
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 Suspicious Activity Report : ​ beginning in the first quarter of 2020 , we implemented a hiring freeze and expense reductions across the company , including the postponement and elimination of an estimated $ 150 million in capital expenditures . we furloughed 35 approximately 15,000 employees in april and may in various countries , though we returned most of those employees to work during the course of the year . we also reduced our workforce by approximately 3,300 employees or 12.4 % compared to december 31 , 2019. during 2020 , many of our employees who were not furloughed worked reduced hours and experienced pay cuts , including a six-month 100 % reduction in salary for our ceo and president and 25 % temporary reductions in salary for our other named executive officers . in addition , our board of directors waived six months of board service fees in 2020. the compensation levels for our executive officers and board of directors have since returned to their pre-covid-19 levels . ​ most of our manufacturer partners began suspending production beginning in late march 2020 , and production disruptions continued into the second quarter of 2020. these disruptions resulted in lower inventory levels , in particular for new vehicles and limited inventory of certain models . our manufacturer partners began providing us with additional incentive support in march 2020 , and our manufacturer and lending partners have provided support to retail customers , such as increased incentives , payment deferrals , as well as 0 % financing on certain vehicles and term lengths . while production has improved , the level of new vehicle inventory remains well below historical levels , which has contributed to increased gross profit on vehicles sold . ​ united states – beginning in march 2020 , shelter-in-place rules in many states either required we close dealerships or limit our automotive dealership operations to essential services . virtual/online sales of new and used vehicles remained available in all locations , while the service departments remained open to support critical transportation needs . in may 2020 , many shelter-in-place rules began to expire , and restrictions were slowly lifted in many states allowing us to reopen dealerships all of which remain open , subject in certain locations to personnel capacity limits . for the year ended december 31 , 2020 , new and used retail automotive gross profit per unit increased 19.5 % and 16.8 % , primarily due to inventory shortages and additional manufacturer incentives , while our automotive dealerships experienced a 14.4 % decrease in unit volume and a 12.5 % decrease in service and parts revenues compared to the prior year on a same-store basis . our u.s. used vehicle supercenters experienced a same-store used unit sales decline of 26.9 % in 2020 , largely attributable to lower inventory and the covid-19 pandemic . ​ commercial truck dealership sales and service operations were classified as essential businesses and remained open throughout 2020 in most locations around the u.s. and canada providing services to our customers . for the year ended december 31 , 2020 , the north american class 6-8 retail sales market declined 29.6 % , and our new same-store unit sales and revenue declined 10.0 % and 5.2 % , respectively , during the same period . ​ penske transportation solutions – we have a 28.9 % ownership interest in penske transportation solutions ( `` pts `` ) . as an integral part of the north american supply chain , pts has been generally classified as essential by governmental authorities which allowed pts to remain operating in much of its business , providing crucial supply chain and transportation services to its customers . while its full-service leasing and contract maintenance businesses remained consistent , commercial rental utilization slowed during the second quarter of 2020 but increased with the expirations of the shelter-in-place orders . in the third quarter of 2020 , pts began to experience increased levels of utilization and profitability as business conditions improved . in its logistics services business , throughout 2020 , pts experienced heavy volumes in the grocery sector which were offset by plant closings in automotive and manufacturing . in the third quarter of 2020 , most of pts ' logistics customers returned to normal operations , generating strong results . pts has also experienced improved remarketing results as truck prices improved in response to limited inventory . in response to the covid-19 pandemic , pts initially furloughed over 5,000 employees , most of which returned to work . pts also reduced executive salaries by up to 30 % , which reductions have been eliminated . ​ united kingdom – all dealerships closed on march 24 , 2020 , in accordance with government orders , though we provided service and parts operations on an emergency basis . over 90 % of the employees in the u.k. were placed on furlough beginning march 24 , 2020. however , we opened substantially all service and parts operations in mid-may 2020 and showrooms in early june 2020. during the fourth quarter of 2020 and continuing into 2021 , in response to increased incidence of the covid-19 pandemic , certain parts of the u.k. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealerships to close . we continue to conduct sales through our online “ click & collect ” program , which allows vehicle sales without showroom access . despite showroom closures in the u.k. during the fourth quarter of 2020 , our uk dealers experienced a 5.6 % increase in gross profit when compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 driven by an increase in gross profit per unit and sales through our e-commerce channels . story_separator_special_tag we record revenue for vehicle service and collision work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers . sales promotions that we offer to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenues at the time of sale . rebates and other incentives offered directly to us by manufacturers are recognized as a reduction of cost of sales . reimbursements of qualified advertising expenses are treated as a reduction of selling , general , and administrative expenses . the amounts received under certain manufacturer rebate and incentive programs are based on the attainment of program objectives , and such earnings are recognized either upon the sale of the vehicle for which the award was received or upon attainment of the particular program goals if not associated with individual vehicles . taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis ( excluded from revenue ) . during 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , we earned $ 588.7 million , $ 698.4 million , and $ 699.4 million , respectively , of rebates , incentives , and reimbursements from manufacturers , of which $ 575.4 million , $ 679.2 million , and $ 680.0 million , respectively , was recorded as a reduction of cost of sales . the remaining $ 13.3 million , $ 19.2 million , and $ 19.4 million was recorded as a reduction of selling , general , and administrative expenses during 2020 , 2019 , and 2018 , respectively . ​ dealership finance and insurance sales . subsequent to the sale of a vehicle to a customer , we sell installment sale contracts to various financial institutions on a non-recourse basis ( with specified exceptions ) to mitigate the risk of default . we receive a commission from the lender equal to either the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and the interest rate set by the financing institution or a flat fee . we also receive commissions for facilitating the sale of various products to customers , including guaranteed vehicle protection insurance , vehicle theft protection , and extended service contracts . these commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract . payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer . in the case of finance contracts , a customer may prepay or fail to pay their contract , thereby terminating the contract . customers may also terminate extended service contracts and other insurance products , which are fully paid at purchase , and become eligible for refunds of unused premiums . in these circumstances , a portion of the commissions we received may be charged back based on the terms of the contracts . the revenue we record relating to these transactions is net of an estimate of the amount of chargebacks we will be required to pay . our estimate is based upon our historical experience with similar contracts , including the impact of refinance and default rates on retail finance contracts and 40 cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products . aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity were $ 28.7 million and $ 26.6 million as of december 31 , 2020 , and december 31 , 2019 , respectively . ​ commercial vehicle distribution . we record revenue from the distribution of vehicles , engines , and other products at a point in time when delivered , which is when the transfer of title , risks , and rewards of ownership and control are considered passed to the customer . we record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers . for our long-term power generation contracts , we record revenue over time as services are provided in accordance with contract milestones . ​ refer to the disclosures provided in part ii , item 8 , note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional detail on revenue recognition . ​ impairment testing ​ other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually on october 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment through a comparison of its carrying amount and estimated fair value . these indefinite-lived intangible assets relate to franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers and distributors , which represent the estimated value of franchises acquired in business combinations , and distribution agreements with commercial vehicle manufacturers , which represent the estimated value for distribution rights acquired in business combinations . an indicator of impairment exists if the carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value , and an impairment loss may be recognized up to that excess . the fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow approach , which includes assumptions about revenue and profitability growth , profit margins , and the cost of capital . we also evaluate , in connection with the annual impairment testing , whether events and circumstances continue to support our assessment that the other indefinite-lived intangible assets continue to have an indefinite life . ​ goodwill impairment is assessed at the reporting unit level annually on october 1 and upon the occurrence of an indicator of impairment . our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business and geography . we have determined that we have four reportable segments as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting : ( i ) retail automotive , consisting of our retail automotive dealership operations ; ( ii ) retail commercial truck , consisting of our retail commercial truck dealership operations in the u.s. and canada ; ( iii ) other , consisting of our commercial vehicle and power systems distribution operations and other non-automotive consolidated operations ; and ( iv ) non-automotive investments , consisting of our equity method investments in non-automotive operations which includes

