The stations along the way are familiar : Enlightenment , emancipation , Reform Judaism , hopes for liberalism in Russia -LRB- soon dashed by pogroms and political reaction -RRB- , mass migration across the seas , the appearance of anti-Semitic political movements in Central and Western Europe , the rise of American Jewry , the steady post-World War I decline of much of Europe , Hitler , horror , the birth of Israel and the postwar reconstruction of Judaism .