title: Architecture et socialité : le design architectural d'une école nationale supérieure d'art et de design : l'École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs (EnsAD – Paris) : une analyse empirique par la sociologie de l'architecture. Architecture, aménagement de l'espace. Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2017. Français. &#x27E8;NNT : 2017PSLEE092&#x27E9;. &#x27E8;tel-03382763&#x27E9;
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  . +/ = +L>L? MJ;NC;F ; AF = %H=C>?H=? ; /A = /;NCMf;=NCIH ; BE = BC?H-êNL? ; C =?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH ; R2 = 2;LC;H=? NIN;F??RJFCKOé?; Q2 = CH>C=? >? /NIH?-G?CMM?L ; * = 5< 0,1; ** = 5< 0,05; *** = 5< 0,01 F1/u9- 34 : RE:u3t)t:,-: :c0E4):,19-ct-u9: 76u9 3'-5t9E- -t 3-: )4701t0ECt9-: ;HM Fr?HNLé?, F?M >?OR P;F?OLM Q2 CH>CKO?HN KO? F; JLé=CMCIH >?M JLéPCMCIHM JIOL F? <C?H-êNL??N JIOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH?MN ;=KOCM?. (? M=BéG; >CL?=N?OL?RJFCKO? 57,2 JIOL=?HNM >?M G;HCf?MN;NCIHM >O <C?H-êNL??N 17,9 JIOL=?HNM >?M G;HCf?MN;NCIHM >O >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH. ACHMC, F; M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M GIHNL? OH L;JJILN MCAHCfC=;NCf ;P?= F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH, J;L OH? N;CFF? >r?ff?N f;C<F? PICL? GIS?HH? > ?, 2 = 0,092. (? Gé>C;N?OL <C?H-êNL? GIHNL? ;OMMC OH L;JJILN MCAHCfC=;NCf >;HM Fr?HNLé? ;P?= F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH. (; N;CFF? >r?ff?N?MN C=C >?, 2 = 0,055, =r?MN-X->CL? JFONbN f;C<F?. (? <C?H-êNL? >;HM Fr?HNLé??MN fILN?G?HN CHfFO?H=é J;L FrCH=C>?H=? J?L[O? (,2 = 0,490)?N f;C<F?G?HN CHfFO?H=é J;L F?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M (,2 = 0,041). 0ION?fICM, F? <C?H-êNL? I<NC?HN OH?ff?N MCAHCfC=;NCf CH>CL?=N (HCP?;O >? 10%) >? F; J?L=?JNCIH >? Fr?ff?N MJ;NC;F MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH (β = 0,186; 5 = 0,066). (; J?L=?JNCIH >? Fr;A?H=?G?HN Hr; J;M >rCHfFO?H=? MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH, HC MOL F? <C?H-êNL?. EH LéMOGé, F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH >;HM Fr?HNLé??MN FéA]L?G?HN CHfFO?H=é J;L F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M X NL;P?LM F? <C?H-êNL?,
  
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  IH ; JFOM X PICL ;P?= F?M =IHféL?H=?M KOC MrS >éLIOF?HN, =r?MN-X->CL? ;P?= MIH ONCFCM;NCIH. +/ = +L>L? MJ;NC;F ; AF = %H=C>?H=? ; /A = /;NCMf;=NCIH ; BE = BC?H-êNL? ; C =?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH ; R2 = 2;LC;H=? NIN;F??RJFCKOé? ; Q2 = CH>C=? >? /NIH?-G?CMM?L ; * = 5< 0,1; ** = 5< 0,05; *** = 5< 0,01 F1/u9- 35 : RE:u3t)t:,-: :c0E4):,19-ct-u9: 76u9 3- 2)9,15 -t 3) c).EtE91) ;HM F? D;L>CH, F?M P;F?OLM Q2 >O <C?H-êNL??N >O >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH CH>CKO?HN OH? J?LNCH?H=? JLIHIMNCKO?. (? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH >;HM F? D;L>CH GIHNL? OH L;JJILN MCAHCfC=;NCf ;P?= F?M KO;NL? CH>C=;N?OLM. ACHMC, F?M fILG?M >O >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH MIHN?RJFCKOé?M X 36,7 JIOL=?HNM,?N =?FF?M >O <C?H-êNL? X 65,5 JIOL=?HNM. (? Gé>C;N?OL <C?H-êNL? GIHNL? F; JFOM fILN? CHfFO?H=? MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH ;P?= OH?ff?N JFONbN fILN (,2 = 0,234). (; J?L=?JNC IH >? Fr;A?H=?G?HN ; F; JFOM fILN? CHfFO?H=? >?M NLICM P;LC;<F?M CH>éJ?H>;HN?M MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH, ;P?= OH? N;CFF? >r?ff?N >?,2 = 0,121. C? L;JJILN-=C?MN JIMCNCf. %F f;ON HIN?L OH f;C<F? L;JJILN JIOL F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M (,2 = 0,033)?N OH L;JJILN GIS?H JIOL F; M;NCMf;=NCIH ;O L?A;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M (,2 = 0,142), =?M >?OR L;JJILNM éN;HN HéA;NCfM. C?J?H>;HN,?H =? 211 KOC =IH=?LH? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M MJ;NC;F?M, CF f;ON JL?H>L??H =IGJN? Fr?ff?N MCAHCfC=;NCf CH>CL?=N?N JIMCNCf >O <C?H-êNL? MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH (β = 0,257; 5 = 0,005), =? KOC?RJFCKO? KO? FrIH?H ;LLCP? X OH?ff?N NIN;F (β = -0,027; 5 = 0,456) >? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH, KOC Mr;P]L? êNL? HIH MCAHCfC=;NC f, HéA;NCf?N X J?CH? J?L=?JNC<F?. C?N?ff?N MOJJL?MM?OL H? MCAHCfC? J;M KO? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M Hr;CN ;O=OH? CHfFO?H=? MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH197. C?F; MCAHCfC? KO? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M >O D;L>CH H? =IH>OCN J;M >CL?=N?G?HN X OH? Lé>O=NCIH >O >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH, G;CM KO? FrIH J?ON S =IHH?=N?L OH ;ONL? Gé>C;N?OL, =IGG? F?M?RJIMCNCIHM KOC MIHN JLéM?HNé?M >;HM F? D;L>CH IO?H=IL? MC F? MIF?CF <LCFF? IO MrCF JF?ON. AP?= OH HCP?;O >? MCAHCfC=;NCIH >? 10%, F; M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M ; OH?ff?N JIMCNCf CH>CL?=N X NL;P?LM F? <C?H-êNL? MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH (β= 0,166; 5 = 0,078) ; M?OF?G?HN C=C, HIOM ;LLCPIHM X OH?ff?N NIN;F HéA;NCf MCAHCfC=;NCf (β= -0,300; 5 = 0,074). ;HM F? D;L>CH, IH J?ON >IH= PICL KO? F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH?MN G;LKOé J;L Fr;A?H=?G?HN?N J;L F? <C?H-êNL?. AP?= F?OLM?ff?NM MOJJL?MM?OLM, F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M?N F; M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M fIHN LéféL?H=? X >r;ONL?M Gé>C;N?OLM JIMMC<F?M, =IGG? F? N?GJM IO F; JLéM?HN;NCIH >rI<D?NM >?MCAH. (? LéMOFN;N >O M=BéG; >CL?=N?OL >? F; =;féNéLC; GIHNL?,?H =? KOC =IH=?LH? F? <C?H-êNL??N F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH, OH? <IHH? KO;FCNé >?M JLéPCMCIHM. (?M G;HCf?MN;NCIHM >O >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH MIHN?RJFCKOé?M J;L F? M=BéG; X 41,2 JIOL=?HNM?N F?M G;HCf?MN;NCIHM >O <C?H-êNL? X 58,8 JIOL=?HNM. ACHMC, F? Gé>C;N?OL <C?H-êNL? ; OH?ff?N GIS?H PICL? fILN MOL F? >?ALé >? =IGGOHC=;NCIH (,2 = 0,203). (; M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L>
  
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  = 0,00
  
  3)?N
  
  JFOM B;<CNO?FM (5 = 0,000) KO? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH. (ILMKO? F?M éNO>C;HNM J;MM?HN >?M =IOFICLM X F; <C<FCINB]KO?, Fr;NGIMJB]L? J?L[O? >? Fr;A?H=?G?HN =B;HA? =IGJF]N?G?HN. (; <C<FCINB]KO??MN PO? >? G;HC]L? MCAHCfC=;NCP? =IGG? JFOM fIH=NCIHH?FF? (5 = 0,000), JFOM =F;CL? (5 = 0,000), JFOM MCGJF? (5 = 0,000), KOC OHCN JFOM (5 = 0,000),?N JFOM =;FG? (5 = 0,000) KO? F?M =IOFICLM. EH L?NIOLH;HN >;HM F?M =IOFICLM,?N?H JéHéNL;HN >;HM F?M ;N?FC?LM, IH L?G;LKO? ;OMMC OH? H?NN? >CfféL?H=?. CIHNL; CL?G?HN ;OR =IOFICLM, F?M ;N?FC?LM MIHN J?L[OM =IGG? JFOM =F;CLM (5 = 0,000)?N KOC OHCMM?HN JFOM (5 = 0,000), ;CHMC KO? JFOM PCP;HNM (5 = 0,000). (?M =IOFICLM H? M? >CfféL?H=C?HN J;M >? G;HC]L? MCAHCfC=;NCP? >;HM F?OL fIH=NCIHH;FCNé?N F?OL MCGJFC=CNé. (? =B?GCH?HNL? F?M ;N?FC?LM?N F?M M;FF?M >? =IOLM ONCFCM??H=IL? F?M =IOFICLM, PICL? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH,?H fIH=NCIH >O FC?O. EH P?H;HN >?M =IOFICLM, F?M M;FF?M >? 220 =IOLM M?G<F?HN JFOM =F;CL?M (5 = 0,000)?N OHCMM?HN JFOM (5 = 0,000), >? G;HC]L? MCAHCfC=;NCP?. /C FrIH MOCN F?M >éJF;=?G?HNM >;HM FrEHMA?H =? KOC =IH=?LH? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M, IH J?ON PICL F; L?JLéM?HN;NCIH >?M >éJF;=?G?HNM =C->?MMIOM. (; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M?MN =IGJIMé? >? MCR J;CL?M >r;>D?=NCfM : IJJL?MM;HN-FC<éL;N?OL, >éM; ALé;<F?-;ALé;<F?, L?JIOMM;HN-=B;F?OL?OR, CH=IGGI>?-=IHfILN;<F?, CHBC<;HN- CHMJCL;HN, ;CHMC KO? GIHINIH?->CP?LM. AF = CH=C>?H=? ; - = HéA;NCf ; +/- = H?ONL? ; + = JIMCNCf F1/u9- 40 : RE7)9t1t165,- 3) 7-9c-7t165,-: 15c1,-5c-: :-365 3-: 31-ux
  
  EH JéHéNL;HN >;HM FrEHMA, Fr?HNLé??MN éP;FOé? >? G;HC]L? HéA;NCP??H =IGJ;L;CMIH >?M ;ONL?M FC?OR, ;O HCP?;O >? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M. (?M >?OR ;GJBCNBéYNL?M, JIMCNCIHHéM X A;O=B??N X >LICN? >;HM Fr?HNLé?, N?H>?HN JIOL F?M MCR J;CL?M >r;>D?=NCfM, P?LM OH? >CL?=NCIH JFONbN HéA;NCP?, G;CM F?M >CfféL?H=?M H? M?G<F?HN J;M MCAHCfC=;NCP?M. /C FrIH J;MM? >? Fr?HNLé? X Fr?MJ;=??RNéLC?OL, Fr;NGIMJB]L? =B;HA? fIH>;G?HN;F?G?HN?H =? KOC =IH=?LH? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M. (r?MJ;=??RNéLC?OL ; OH?ff?N JFOM FC<éL;N?OL (5 = 0,000), JFOM ;ALé;<F? (5 = 0,000), JFOM =B;F?OL?OR (5 = 0,000), JFOM CHMJCL;HN (5 = 0,000)?N JFOM >CP ?LM (5 = 0,049), G;CM J;M JFOM =IHfILN;<F?. CIHNL;CL?G?HN X Fr?MJ;=??RNéLC?OL, F; =;féNéLC;?MN PO? >? G;HC]L? MCAHCfC=;NCP? =IGG? JFOM IJJL?MM;HN? (5 = 0,000)?N =IGG? JFOM >éM;ALé;<F? (5 = 0,001). EH L?NIOLH;HN >;HM Fr?HNLé?, F?M éNO>C;HNM J;MM?HN >?P;HN F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH JIOL ;NN?CH>L? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH. CIHNL;CL?G?HN X Fr?HNLé?, F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH?MN PO? >? G;HC]L? MCAHCfC=;NCP? =IGG? JFOM CHMJCL;HN? (5 = 0,002). (r?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH H? M? >CfféL?H=C? J;M MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN >? Fr?HNLé? JIOL =? KOC?MN >? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M 221 CH=C>?H=?M. F;=? X Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH, F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH?MN J?L[O? >? G;HC]L? MCAHCfC=;NCP? =IGG? JFOM FC<éL;NLC=? (5 = 0,000). %F HrS ; J;M >? >CfféL?H=? MCAHCfC=;NCP??HNL? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH?N F?M =IOFICLM. EH J;MM;HN >?M =IOFICLM X F; <C<FCINB]KO?, Fr;NGIMJB]L? =B;HA? ;O =IHNL;CL? fIH>;G?HN;F?G?HN ;O HCP?;O >? F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M. ACHMC, F; <C<FCINB]KO??MN J?L[O? =IGG? JFOM FC<éL;NLC=? (5 = 0,000), JFOM ;ALé;<F? (5 = 0,000), JFOM =B;F?OL?OM? (5 = 0,000), JFOM =IHfILN;<F? (5 = 0,000), JFOM CHMJCL;HN? (5 = 0,000)?N JFOM >CP?LM? (5 = 0,000).,IOL ;NN?CH>L? F?M ;N?FC?LM, CF f;ON?H=IL??GJLOHN?L F?M =IOFICLM, PICL? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH. (?M ;N?FC?LM M? >CfféL?H=C?HN ;OMMC fIH>;G?HN;F?G?HN >?M =IOFICLM >;HM F; J?L=?JNCIH >?M CH=C>?H=?M.,IOL F?M éNO>C;HNM, CFM IHN OH?ff?N JFOM FC<éL;N?OL (5 = 0,000), JFOM ;ALé;<F? (5 = 0,000), JFOM =B;F?OL?OR (5 = 0,000), JFOM =IHfILN;<F? (5 = 0,000), JFOM CHMJCL;HN (5 = 0,000)?N JFOM >CP?LM (5 = 0,000).? L?NIOL ;OR =IOFICLM, MOL F? =B?GCH >?M M;FF?M >? =IOLM, CF HrS ; J;M >? =B;HA?G?HN MCAHCfC=;NCf >? Fr;NGIMJB]L??H =? KOC =IH=?LH? F?M CH=C>?H=?M. (; L?JLéM?HN;NCIH >?M GIOP?G?HNM KOC MOCN GIHNL? F? =B?GCH >?M éNO> C;HNM X NL;P?LM F?M >CfféL?HNM FC?OR,?H =? KOC =IH=?LH? F?OL M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M. /A = /;NCMf;=NCIH ; - = HéA;NCf ; +/- = H?ONL? ; + = JIMCNCf F1/u9- 41 : RE7)9t1t165,- 3) :)t1:.)ct165 B 3'E/)9,,-: c)9)ctE91:t18u-: :7)t1)3-: :-365 3-: 31-ux (?M P;F?OLM =IH=?LH;HN F; M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M MIHN AéHéL;F?G?HN JLI=B?M F?M OH?M >?M ;ONL?M. (; P;F?OL F; JFOM <;MM? (;GJBCNBéYNL?M)?N F; P;F?OL F; JFOM B;ON? (<C<FCINB]KO?) IHN OH? >CfféL?H=? >? GICHM >rOH JICHN,?N?H=F;P?HN F; JIMCNCIH H?ONL?. %F?RCMN? M?OF?G?HN >?M >CfféL?H=?M MCAHCfC=;NCP?M?HNL? F? JL?GC?L 222 (;GJBCNBéYNL??N?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH)?N F? NLICMC]G? ALIOJ? (D;L>CH, =;féNéLC;, <C<FCINB]KO??N ;N?FC?LM). C?M >?OR ALIOJ?M MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN >CfféL?HNM H? MIHN J;M MC JLI=B?M F?M OHM >?M ;ONL?M, >? MILN? KOrIH JOCMM
  
  ? S ;==é>?L >CL?=N?G?HN?H M? >éJF;[;HN. ACHMC, F; M;NCMf;=NCIH X FréA;L> >?M =;L;=NéLCMNCKO?M MJ;NC;F?M ;OAG?HN? IO >CGCHO? >? G;HC]L? GCHCG??N CHMCAHCfC;HN? ;P?= F?M >éJF;=?G?HNM >?M éNO>C;HNM. /C FrIH I<M?LP? ;O =IHNL;CL? =B;KO? =;NéAILC? CH>CPC>O?FF?, IH J?ON L?G;LKO?L >?M >CfféL?H=?M MCAHCfC=;NCP?M FILMKO? FrIH J;MM? >rOH?H>LICN X Fr;ONL?. %F ;JJ;L;îN ;CHMC KO? MC FrIH J;MM? >? Fr?HNLé? X FrOH >?M >?OR ;GJBCNBéYNL?M, F? G;HKO? >? FOGC]L? M? f;CN MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN L?G;LKO?L >;HM F?M P;F?OLM L?F;NCP?M X F; M;NCMf;=NCIH (5 = 0,001). /C FrIH J;MM? ;O =IHNL;CL? >? Fr?HNLé? X Fr?MJ;=??RNéLC?OL, CF?MN GICHM MOLJL?H;HN KO? F?M éNO>C;HNM MIC?HN <?;O=IOJ JFOM M;NCMf;CNM >? F; FOGC]L? >O DIOL (5 = 0,018). AP?= F? J;MM;A? >O D;L>CH X F; =;féNéLC;, F? MIH?MN J?L
  
  [O =IGG? MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM =F;CL (5 = 0,000),?N Fr;=IOMNCKO?, F? <LOCN?N Fré=BI MIHN éP;FOéM JFOM HéA;NCP?G?HN (5 = 0,000). /C F?M éNO>C;HNM J;LN?HN >O D;L>CH, L?NIOLH?HN >;HM Fr?HNLé?,?N M? >CLCA?HN P?LM Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH, CFM J?OP?HN PICL F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH X A;O=B?. BC?H KOr?FF? MICN éKOCJé? >rOH? AL;H>? f;[;>? PCNLé?, FrCHfFO?H=? >? F; FOGC]L? >O DIOL MOL F; P;F?OL >? F; M;NCMf;=NCIH L?MN? CH=B;HAé?, ;ONL?G?HN >CN, CF HrS ; J;M >? >CfféL?H=? MCAHCfC=;NCP?. AO =IHNL;CL?, F; FOGC]L? ;LNCfC=C?FF? L?H> F?M éNO>C;HNM <?;O=IOJ JFOM M;NCMf;CNM KO? >;HM Fr?HNLé? (5 = 0,001). (? J;MM? >O LIOA? ;O <F;H= JIOL F; =IOF?OL >?M GOLM Mr?RJLCG? ;OMMC?H OH? P;F?OL >? M;NCMf;=NCIH MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM éF?Pé? (5 = 0,000).?JOCM Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH, F; FOGC]L? H;NOL?FF? >? F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH GIHNL? OH? M;NCMf;=NCIH MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM B;ON? (5 = 0,000). (ré=F;CL;A? ;LNCfC=C?F >?
  
  F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH?MN FOC ;OMMC éP;FOé >? G;HC]L? JFOM éF?Pé? KO? >;HM Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH (5 = 0,000). /C FrIH J;MM? >? Fr?HNLé? X Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH, F? G;HKO? >? FOGC]L? >O DIOL CH>CKO? OH? M;NCMf;=NCIH MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM <;MM? (5 = 0,012). %F HrS ; J;M >? >CfféL?H=??HNL? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH?N F?M =IOFICLM >?M éN;A?M MOJéLC?OLM. C?F; =B;HA? FILMKO? FrIH J;MM? >O =IOFICL X F; <C<FCINB]KO?. (; FOGC]L? H;NOL?FF? >;HM F; <C<FCINB]KO? GIHNL? OH? M;NCMf;=NCIH MCAHCfC=;NCP? >CL?=N?G?HN JFOM éF?Pé? (5 = 0,000). (?M FOGC]L?M ;LNCfC=C?FF?M >;HM F; <C<FCINB]KO? (5 = 0,000), F; =IOF?OL >O MIF (5 = 0,000)?N F; =IOF?OL >?M GOLM (5 = 0,000) L?H>?HN ;OMMC F?M éNO>C;HNM MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM M;NCMf;CNM. EH L?NIOLH;HN >;HM F?M =IOFICLM JIOL ;NN?CH>L? F?M ;N?FC?LM, IH L?NLIOP? >?M >CfféL?H=?M MCAHCfC=;NCP?M. 0ION?fICM, =? Hr?MN J;M F; FOGC]L? >O DIOL, G;CM <C?H F; FOGC]L? ;LNCfC=C?FF? (5 = 0,008) KOC ; OH?ff?N MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JIMCNCf MOL F; M;NCMf;=NCIH.? JFOM, F; =IOF?OL >O MIF (5 = 0,000)?N >?M GOLM (5 = 0,000) L?H> F?M éNO>C;HNM MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM B?OL?OR. EH J;MM;HN >?M =IOFICLM ;OR M;FF?M >? =IOLM, F; FOGC]L? >O DIOL (5 = 0,000), F; =IOF?OL >O MIF (5 = 0,000)?N >?M GOLM (5 = 0,000) GIHNL?HN OH? M;NCMf;=NCIH MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN JFOM B;ON?. /C FrIH I<M?LP? F?M >éJF;=?G?HNM >?M éNO>C;HNM X NL;P?LM FrEHMA?H =? KOC =IH=?LH? F? <C?H-êNL?, IH I<NC?HN FrCG;A? =C->?MMIOM. %F f;ON L?G;LKO?L C=C KO? F?M FC?OR HéA;NCfM?N JIMCNCfM M? >CfféL?H=C?HN MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN F?M OHM >?M ;ONL?M
  
  ,?N KOrCHP?LM?G?HN, =?OR KOC MIHN =;L;=NéLCMéM =IGG? H?ONL?M JLéM?HN?HN >?M =B?P;O=B?G?HNM ;P?= F?M ;ONL?M?H>LICNM. BE = BC?H-êNL? ; - = HéA;NCf ; +/- = H?ONL? ; + = JIMCNCf F1/u9- 42 : RE7)9t1t165,u b1-5-Gt9- :-365 3-: 31-ux ;HM Fr?HNLé?, F? <C?H-êNL? M? NLIOP?, M?FIH Fré=B?FF?, X OH HCP?;O GIS?H, G;CM ;JJ;L;îN =IGG? HéA;NCf?H =IGJ;L;CMIH >?M ;ONL?M FC?OR. /C F?M éNO>C;HNM KOCNN?HN Fr?HNLé? JIOL ;FF?L >;HM FrOH >?M ;GJBCNBéYNL?M, CF HrS ; J;M >? =B;HA?G?HN MCAHCfC=;NCf JIOL F? <C?HêNL?. C?F; =B;HA? Hé;HGICHM FILMKOrCFM PIHN >? Fr?HNLé? P?LM F? D;L>CH. (?M éNO>C;HNM M? M?HN?HN <?;O=IOJ GC?OR X =?N?H>LICN. EH ;FF;HN X F; =;féNéLC;, F? <C?H-êNL? >CGCHO? MCAHCfC=;NCP?G?HN X HIOP?;O.? L?NIOL >;HM Fr?HNLé?, CFM =LICM?HN, MOL F?OL =B ?GCH, F; M;FF? >r?RJIMCNCIH JIOL L?DICH>L? Fr?M=;FC?L?H =IFCG;[IH.