title: Première observation de la transition fortement interdite 1SO - 3PO du strontium, pour une horloge optique à atomes piégés
text: We are grateful to Annie Gérard, Michel Lours, and Giorgio Santarelli for useful advice and technical help with the experiment. R. P. Kovacich acknowledges a grant from Ministère de la Recherche. P. Lemonde’s e-mail address is pierre.lemonde@obspm.fr.
  
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  Résumé
  
  Ce mémoire rapporte les premiers résultats d’une expérience visant à développer une horloge optique à atomes de strontium piégés. Mots clés : étalon de fréquence atomique, spectroscopie de très haute résolution, mesure absolue de fréquence optique, atomes froids, ralentisseur Zeeman, mélange non-linéaire de fréquence
  
  Abstract This thesis reports the first results towards the realization of an optical clock using trapped strontium atoms. This set up would combine advantages of the different approaches commonly used to develop an atomic frequency standard. The first part describes the cold atoms source which is implemented. A magneto-optical trap operating on the 1 S0 − 1 P1 transition at 461 nm is loaded from an atomic beam decelerated by a Zeeman slower. The 461 nm laser is obtained by sum-frequency mixing in a KTP crystal. The second part is devoted to the different stages developed to achieve the direct excitation of the 1 S0 − 3 P0 clock transition in 87 Sr. This line has a theoretical natural width of 10−3 Hz. Before this detection, we obtained an estimate of the resonance frequency by measuring absolute frequencies of several allowed optical transitions. Key words : atomic frequency standard, very high resolution spectroscopy, absolute optical frequency measurement, cold atoms, Zeeman slower, sum-frequency mixing.