text: i ÛÛ jp Ik / » A qJAV DV—i a ^ i I ■KI ÏV '■ I ■ m - % m 0 , K-: ; •; : r.-. ÜääSi .—.-. r « mz&Mw ■ V; >■: : ■ 15 ... i* ■■ A::,. H Ifu :ÿx ilfj ; i ® ;. i n I. $ < ! f. I £ IE igi I i * ; lit 1 s; 4. fa > < ft I II I I I 3 : i; ■ K ; Ip 3 Î ? ■KivK; I , : : - By ELMO SCOTT WATSON ORKTOWN was a great event, Sara toga was a great event, and there have been great events in our history since the War of the Revolution ; but the greatest was that which occurred on April 9, 1865, at the little village of Appomattox, when General Lee met General Grant and the question of the Indissoluble union of these States passed Into history, never to be revived." Those were the words of a man who was not only an eye-witness to but an active participant in that "greatest event." He was Col. Charles Marshall, aide-de-camp, military secretary and assistant-general on the staff of the Confed erate commander from 1862 to 1865 and the quotation Is from his collected papers which were edited by a distinguished British soldier, Maj. Gen. Sir Frederick Maurice, and published by Little, Brown and company under the title of "An Alde-de-Camp of Lee." The quotation con tlnues: "Perhaps the most impressive feature of that occasion was the fact that there American sol diers met together, who dealt with each other as American soldiers. If the officers of General Grant's army had been Instructed how to act: if they had learned- their parts; If they had been taught by the greatest actors how to play them, how to act at a time when one of the loftiest souls that God ever sent upon earth was humbled, how to act so as to show their respect and veneration, they could not have done better than they did. They could not have don-' better, because they were and behaved as American sol u Y diers ; they loved their enemies and they did good to those who hated them." Such Is the tribute of one who wore the Gray to those who wore the Blue on that historic April day 70 years ago and it is a striking bit of evi dence of the essential spirit which will be for ever associated with the name of Appomattox. Although three years were yet to elapse before one of the principal actors in Its drama should use the exact phrasing of "Let us have peace !" yet that thought runs like a golden thread through the dark fabric of the days of useless bloodshed and blighted hopes Immediately pre ceding the climax, through the letters which passed between Lee and Grant as the Inevitable end drew near. Since the story of Appomattox properly begins with that correspondence, it Is appropriate to take Into account those foreshadowing events in telling the story of Appomattox. By the end of March, 1865, It was apparent that the Confed eracy was a "Lost Cause" Indeed. Slowly but surely the sledge-hammer blows of Grant's over whelming forces had beaten down the Resistance of Lee's fast-dwindling ranks of ragged men In gray. The opening week of April found both Grant and Lee weary of war—Grant tortured with headaches and heart-sick over the slaugh ter he had been forced to bring about; Lee. all hope of victory gone, weighed down with the responsibility that was his for finding some way to save his starving army. Richmond had been lost. The Confederate gov ernment was In flight Lee's only hope was to escape from the trap that Grant and Sheridan and Meade were closing around him and try to Join forces with Gen. Joseph Johnston. On April 6 Ewell's corps was surrounded at Sailor's Creek and surrendered, and after this disaster Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was reduced to two corps under the command of Generals Longstreet and Gordon. They retreated through Farmvllle closely pursued by Grant's men in blue. On April 7 Grant sent Lee his first letter, ask ing the surrender of his army. Still confident of the fighting ability of his men and believing it possible to save the rem nant of his army. Lee wanted to continue the struggle. But his officers prevailed upon him to open negotiations. The result was a letter to Grant asking the terms he would offer on condi tion of the surrender of Lee's army. To this Grant replied: General,—Your note of last evening, in reply to mine of same date, asking the con dition on which I will accept the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, is just received. In reply, I would say, that peace being my great desire, there Is but one con dition I would insist upon; namely, that the men and officers surrendered shall be dis qualified for taking up arms against the gov ernment of the United States, until prop eriy exchanged. I will meet you, or will des ignate officers to meet any officers you may name for the same purpose, at any point agreeable to you, for the purpose of arrang ing definitely the terms upon which the sur render of the Army of Northern Virginia will be received. The next letter from Lee read as follows : General,—I received at a late hour yonr note of today. In mine yesterday I did not Intend to propose the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia, but to ask the terms of your proposition. To be frank, I do not think the emergency has arisen to call for the surrender of this army ; but, as the res toration of peace should be the sole object of all, I desire to know whether your pro posals would lead to that end. I can not therefore meet you with a view to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia ; but, as far as your proposal may affect the Confederate States forces under my command, and tend to the restoration of peace, I should be pleased to meet you at ten a. m., tomorrow, on the old stage road to Richmond, between the picket Mines of the two armies. In the meantime Lee was pushing on toward Appomattox Court House where Gordon, attempt ing to open the way for retreat, had broken through the cavalry forces barring his road only to find himself confronted by a force of Infan try so far superior to his wearied and starving command So he sent that an attack would have been suicide, t vrord to Lee that it was impossible to advance farther and upon receiving this news the commander-in-chief, accompanied by Colonel Marshall, his aide-de-camp, started down the Lynchburg road he next morning, confident that Grant would meet him even though he had not yet received a reply from the Union commander. Halted by a skirmish of Union troops, Marshall went forward under a white flag and was met by Lieutenant Colonel Whittier, who gave him Grant's reply to Lee's letter of the previous day. It read: General,—Your note of yesterday received. I have no authority to treat on the subject of peace. The meeting for ten a. m. today to deliver this note, Lee, fatigued from being iu would lead to no good. I will state, however. General, that I am equally anxious for peace with yourself; and the whole North enter tains the same .feeling. The terms upon which peace can be had are well understood. 'By the South laying down their arms, they will hasten that most desirable event, save , thousands of human lives, and hundreds of millions of property not. yet destroyed. Seri ously hoping that all our difficulties may be settled without the loss of another life, I subscribe myself, etc., Lee then directed Marshall to write to the Union commander, asking for an interview, and to deliver It to Whittier, which was done. Sitting on his horse and hastily tearing a leaf from his notebook, Grant dashed off a note telling the Southern commander that he would "push for ward to the front for the purpose of meeting you." When Colonel Babcock of Grant's staff arrived the saddle all night long, was lying on some blankets that had been spread by members of his staff for him under an apple tree at the foot of a hill, on the other side of which stood Appomattox Court House. Then occurred the incident which thrust fame upon an obscure citizen of Virginia named Wil mer McLean and made his house one of the most famous in American history. It is an Incident which also illustrates the strange workings of Fate, as shown by this passage from Marshall's book : We started off—General Lee, Colonel Babcock, Colonel Babcock's orderly, one of our orderlies and myself. We struck up the hill towards Appomattox. There was a man named McLean who used to live on the first battle field of Manassas (Bull Run), at a house about a mile from Manassas Junction. He didn't like the war, and having he thought he wouldn't be any more fighting, so he moved down to Appomattox Court House. General Lee told me to go forward and find a house where he could meet General Grant, and of all people, whom should I meet but McLean. I rode up to him and said, 'Can you show me a house where General Lefe and General Grant can meet to gether?' He took me into a house that was all dilapidated and that had no furniture in it. I told him it wouldn't do. Then he said, 'Maybe my house will do!' He lived in a very comfort able house, and I told him I thought that would suit. I had taken the orderly along with me, and I sent him back to bring General Lee and Bab cock, who were coming on behind. I went into the house and sat down, and after a while Gen the first battle of Manassas, d get away where there seeqj woul eral Lee and Babcock came In.' So Wilmer McLean, the man who "didn't like the war," was an unexpected witness/to two Its high spots, virtually its beginning and its ending. To this Virginian was given the un sought privilege of seeing the cause of the Con federacy gain its first height in the victory at Bull Run and recede to Us lowest ebb at Appo mattox, from which no tide ever rose again. Half an hour later the men in facLean's parlor heard footsteps at the front door and In walked Grant. With him came his alter ego, bearded Gen. John A. Rawlins; his aide-de-camp, dusky Col. A. C. Barker, the Iroquois Indian; "Fight ing Phil" Sheridan, the stocky little Irish cav alry leader; and Generals Horace Porter and B. R. C. Ord. After a brief talk over the terras of the sur render Colonel Parker, Grant's aide-de-camp, brought a little table from the corner of the room and on It the Union commander wrote out the terms of surrender. The Confederate officers were to give their individual paroles not to take up arms against the United States and to sign a like parole for their commands. All arms, artil lery and public property were to be handed over to the Union forces, but the officers were to re tain their side-arms, horses and personal bag of gage. The soldiers also were allowed to keep their horses, because, as Grant said, they would "need them for their spring plowing." After Grant had written this note, he handed It to Lee, who read it over, then directed his aide. Colonel Marshall, to draft a reply in which he accepted the terms of surrender. In th$ meantime, barker had made a copy of Grant's letter. Says Marshall: "Then General Grant signed his letter, and I turned my letter over to General Lee and he signed It Parker handed me General Grant's letter, and I banded him General Lee's reply, and the surrender was accomplished. There was theatrical display about it. It was in itself per haps the greatest tragedy that ever occurred in the history of the world, but it was the sim plest, plainest, and most thoroughly devoid of any attempt at effect, that you can imagine." Thus the Civil war came to an end and Appo mattox became an historic.name. ^ by Western XeweuaDcr i'nioa. no THE "NORMAL CHILD" ^ The conception of the "inner na tur e" of the child in progressive edu cation Is actually so Idealistic that It Is entirely unfair to most normal boys and girls. For it assumes quite blandly that the average child Is by his very nature intelligent, talented, self-reliant, reasonable and sociably Inclined. That he has within himself the ability to make logical judgments and form sensible opinions. But the sad and sober truth is that the aver age healthy child has very few of these essentially adult traits of mind and character. The average child Is selfish, he Is stubborn, he Is forgetful, he is cruel. Jie is illogical. His sense of humor 1st of an extremely low variety. And his inherent taste, judged by civilized adult standards, is rather atrocious. The child is like this not because he has been poorly trained or badly conditioned or harshly repressed, but simply because he is a normal child. —Dr. Grace Adams in Scribner's Magazine. Dr. Pierce's Pellets are best for liver, bowels and stomach. One little Pellet for a laxative—three for a cathartic—Adv. Call for Any Others Motorist—Of course you have ref erences. Applicant—Yes, sir; from the Widow Van Lush, the Widow Van Mush, the Widow Van Slush and Widow Van Kush—1 drove for their husbands.—Detroit News. PIGS IS PIGS P IGS is pigs" and they're also trouble-makers. As witness : In 1841, Monsieur De Saligny was French ambassador to the Republic of Texas. One day, a pig belonging to an Austin hotel keeper named Bullock, strayed Into M. De Sailg ny's garden. One of the ambassa dor's servants abused the pig. Whereupon Bullock proceeded to horsewhip the servant. De Saligny Insulted Bullock and jPullock Insulted De Saligny with the result that the ambassador de manded his passports and left the country. Diplomatic relations be tween France and Texas became strained and it required an apology from President Lamar of the Lone Star Republic to restore peace. More serious was the pig incident that troubled the peace between England and the United States a « few years later. On one of the tiny San Juan islands in Puget Sound lived an American and an English man. One day the Briton shot one of the American's pigs and a furi ous quarrel resulted. But they finally agreed to settle it in court. But which court — British or American? Despite the treaty of 1846, boundary lines were none too clear, especially on this little Is land. So the dispute grew worse over the matter of jurisdiction. Civil officers were drawn into it, then the military. Troops were mobilized and it looked like war. By this time the pig was forgotten in a controversy involving citizen ship, boundary lines and interna tional law. Eventually it was settled by arbi tration—with no less a person than the German emperor acting as ar biter in a dispute that started over a pig I ÏOIMÎ T î ^ Uûttt •»»S'Ässiää not "•AV JJ'umirSkin 9a it TbnwhiJilotchu lied and If so. Use Cutieura Soap and Ointment Soap 2Sc. Ointment Me and sot. WNU— X 12—85 WATCH YOUR KIDNEYS! Be Sure They Properly Cleanse the Blood Y OUR kidneys are constantly fil tering Impurities from the blood stream. But kidneys get function ally disturbed—lag In their work— fall to remove the poisonous body ■wastes. Then you may suffer nagging backache, attacks of dizziness, burning, scanty or too frequent urination, getting up at night, swollen feet and ankles, rheumatic pains; feel "all worn out." Don't delay! For the quicker you get rid of these poisons, the better your chances of good health. Use Doan's PiXls. Doan's are for the kidneys only. They tend to pro mote normal functioning of the kidneys; should help them pass off the irritating poisons. Doan's are recommended by users the country over. Get them from any druggist. DOM'S PILLS BRAIDED "STAR RUG PRACTICAL 99 By GRANDMOTHER CLARK VL o. A star rug with points on the out er edge is not practical, because the points are easily turned up when the rug is in use. This has been overcome in the braided rug shown here, and a round rug can be used in many plates. This model is made in six shade of blue but many other color schemes can be used to set off the pattern. Size is 33 inches and re quires'about three pounds of mate rial. Three strips are used in braid ing. The six diamonds to form star are 4 indies wide, 7 Inches long Fill In space between points of star to make round. Sew about 20 rows around in colors desired. This is one of the 20 braided and crocheted rugs shown in rug book No. 25. Directions are given with each rug; also, how to braid and prepare the material for working. If you want to make a good-look ing rug, send 15c io the Home Craft Co., Dept. C, 1900 St. Louis St. Louis, Mo., and receive this rug book by mail postpaid. Enclose a stamped addressed en velope when writing for any infor mation. avenue fire$lone y GROUND GRIP TIRMI THAT 6,000,000 FARMERS NEED THEIR CARS, TRUCKS AND TRACTORS TO run THEM THROUGH MUD, SAND OR DAD ROADS OF ANT KIND You don't need chains, for these Ground Grip Tires will pull you through where .chains would leave you stranded in mud or sand. Firestone Ground Grip Tires for motor cars, trucks and tractors give the farmer greatest economy offered, and relief from being stranded on mud roads and in soft ground. Why can Firestone give you these wonderful new tires with the wide tread that withstands this terrific pull and strain, and still does not destroy the cord body? Firestone can do this because the body of this tire is built with Gum-Dipped cords. Underneath the tread, the patented construction feature of two extra layers of Gum-Dipped High Stretch cords gives extra adhesion of the tread to the cord body, enabling Firestone Tires to hold on this heavy, tough, scientifically designed tread. This tire cleans itself on any kind of clay or soft ground, and the tread projections have been so placed, that they are always in contact with the road, doing away with any bumping. ever You cannot afford to be without these tires on your trucks and passenger cars. 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Vagaries of Trade Rat Plague Camping Parlies Throughout the mountainous try of the West lives one of the most Interesting members of the rat fam ily. Fortunately this little creature Is not despised as are other members of Its family, for Its peculiar antics and strange behavior around camps make It a source of amusement, but frequently annoyance, to the camp ers. coun Its proper name Is the bushy-tailed wood rat, and it resembles a squirrel more than a rat. -ft is also called the pack or trade rat, deriving these names from its behavior when it In vades camp sites. Persons unacquainted with this animal go through strange and be wildering experiences when camping its territory. They may retire at night, snugly between their blankets, with their watches, coins, glasses and other precious possessions placed within easy reach, and on awakening in the morning find them missing. Or they may set their camp in shape before the day's hike and on their return at night find that spoons, knives, forks, tins of food and other small articles have gone the way of their watches and glasses, then they become acquainted with the trade rat, for usually this little fellow leaves something to mark his trail or identification, bone, refuse left in place of the stolen tide. Careful, quiet watching for short time brings results,, for the marauder will return searching for other articles it can carry away. As soon as it finds what it wants, out to its cache it goes, under a stone or brush pile and in vestigations usually reveal all of the stolen articles. m It is It may be a a stick or other mountain ar a This may be It apparently has no choice in the goods it takes and will move anything it can carry, but seldom far away.—Detroit News. Our Own Friends Happiness grows at our own fire sides, and is not to be picked up in strangers' gardens.—Douglas Jer rcld.. 