text: ss.. _. 7 . - ss *,.-... x -. \ _ ss si. -., si— si.... *..*'—ss'=.r- sscsssi. _ -,si,- si'ffsi: wi Xasi—sifz-s: 75 si \',;. "1 " ;'ss.'' 'C- *,si-.. -. t. *-.: ss., '_ -.... ;, '.,.;,-, _ ___ -_.,\ -_.,_ ,. '( _..<_ct _sisi'..,.y si'si _ p "( si, si.,,.? A (- : ''\.\-'b _ ct. ;. hl,,ct 'ctf A, " i " t *.} " A}! 5 _' ;." 2' A;,sssssi-ss l--ss si:;si'- fosii sictf. sij Essisissi'si, sirctsissisi' _ - mctmu Rotula.-n.} ;, & ss, -sif-'si-' Jaguet, si' sszct, wsi. ! -. si_._vss., ;ss siss—x ss'. 3-, _.._ ct, t ss—' siv,g zsisi ss '< m s':* "*-*- ci" ctfsiﬂct si .. ct ; si --.. l. 0. " si:* - --.'-- ctct.si-{ss-ctki - - :) wnmzn ss " ss,. Royal - that; M'ffisif. si. si may 'liifd'tssctpPsi'i, jsspﬂ' si si sictzctss'cmztwcv'asszeete..ssi-Dql2m. " 9 ". Uss- -_ si. 1-?'""?" 'KT' ". m Wine": to whom um rgserred so mue): si—fsssssi' thy mWsiquhe Bmzdent-JJMU; . _ - qfi mzath W a": respect: our 'He-si ' ss btionsis'wz't'zforei-{u ﬂowed, * ' : RWRZF, IN PA—RT—sisi- s "'siss-ss'si-'ssfsi - 1, sssiss j "Aj'rsisn'ssa period-of ;chtysiEvS—y'ears ofss . "'_,"si-har-dly. interrupted his-mnsje'nt hasti '. si Hide: an'd {ofsi prosperity ufxpavalsslcled in the _ct fine] of nations; the U. Sanies aske,. for the -si7*si- fist dine ﬂn'cJss-fhb treaty ydich terminated The qutional,Warz-' place} in a sit-nation csi-f qctzsizany difficult. ;rijsiical and Bmgsierous. ss sisi si Si Those principio:; rezognizcd-by the cirisiz &} world usiwder the— name of law of no Vicious, which heretofore considered belligerent powers or the duties of treaties, and proved their rights, are now avowedly disregarded or forgotten by the British and France. Each of those nations, captured and conquered, and commanded American vessels trading with her colonies or her enemy's allies; and every European power having become a party in the contest, the whole of our commerce, with the United States, is now made a subject of dispute, which only adds insult to the injury. The only plea urged in justification of the existence of the British colonies, is that of retaliation, given on the assumption of acquiescence of the United States in the aggressions by the other party; having a discussion of the consequences of the compromise, the principle of national prohibition doubts the existence of the principle of national prohibition. Well, and also, in the midst of the excitement to which it has been carried, and when the operation on the central rather than on the enemy is altogether untrue that the U.S. act has been called voluntarily acquiesced in the till-satisfactory aggressions of either nation; emitted by the declaration of any measures calculated to obtain redress, or in any respect deviated from that impassivity to which they were bound by that neutrality. France has alluded to the violations of the national flag, and of the so-called "Wreigoty of the United States," in the instance of the wife's murder of the outrage on the Chect. We are not aware of the destruction of the Impeachment. The measures taken to obtain redress, however, those cases, which are of public notoriety, and it may be added, that with the exception of the last, though aggressions on the sovereignty of the United States, did not affect their neutrality, and gave no right to France, either of complaint or interference. Setting aside the usual diplomatic and diplomatic relations between nations, such as the British order. ssof me; 1'803, and the decree-ssofthe Ftsicncsih _ sine-nal, Femad ; the principal violations—by England of the neutrzl rights of America, rior to the Berliu decree of Nov. sil-SOS, and si shiehf'ilss" acquiesch in, might have given ground: of complaint to France, are the cap- ss stir-e'os ".th'erican vdsctsels laden siwi'th cownial ;rddttee, founded on a rss al of that psire-s tended principle generuHMed ct" t'ne rule eisisiA 1756,"_ the imþressmessnt of Amer-ican sea-si" ,mctezt, dampelled thereby to become the au'xi- 4 Fat-los of England against France, and'procla mation or nominal blockad ss_ ss , 'tieularl'y ." "thalt-s the eoast from the riv to Brest, notified in May, 1805. ] 'And—— __4 it will not be assertcci. that she U. Statcs 4ver tamely .cqiuesced to either oft hose pre - tensions. it will not be denied. that with respect to the two sust, the most stnenueus eﬀorts were incessantly made to pxocure an alteration of the Blitish system. " {He true; thattothe nominai-procffiﬂation Woclsstades of Edgiand, the U. States had op- * (! duty spiiit'eci and repeated remonstranc & es, add- thst these had not always been suc— eeesfulct- But the measures which a neutral {tation meyhe supposed bound to ta' te, aguunst , me idsractictdds of its neutrarssity, must always ' _ bearacersitain prqportiou to the cxtent and sict' nature of the injury received, and to thei kneen: of oppositidn.1tcanndt certainty be ! pret'ehdcdysi'sithat :; ba ty resor-t to war should in every rich instance; have become the dusiy si of America. Nor can the irregular-idea of; "England, in declaring in a state Of biockade, ct ' aeektain extent of coast, pasirt of which was wﬂshe Whoie'sissssos which could not, even \ si he:-powerful navy,be actually invested and 'ssi-si'siss'si ed, be plead in justification of that 'si ' Qmefihy which France, without an eﬄcient betsimmrfdfi to annou'nce the blockade of dominions of :! power which has the in.. endtestible command of the sea, and before _ in? part of which ahe can nation a tingle — ml ssctTliEMilan decree of WO'! can still _iesassss Hide its defence on the supposed acqaies me! the!}. sate, i'nctthe British orders" M {retains womb, dint-e those orders, Mhsive not certainly sibe'esin asief " , Wost-even kdetm' m AmMct-ds si' 'sisijsi'ssss . of-n .. wom- man Bwbffifiv 'aquii—WBWPNW ss - fsissﬀ s If??? "is as,-- si-ctsh-ss anew-s um- siewW W'L {"WW mfihatffisijctwct ! Moses! Wsheﬂstctof mo'-je m, WISW the Btitishsi summe-it werk.-- MctisicTW'Z-Pisi. je Kinds; 'aﬂqtjlsiiiﬄsigsisi "s fed their " {hay-"si obulss : not believe that; siss enemy ss ct ' sidssgssvssetssqej'silomct-ct sily attempt: to ssnfdrcect'u'dt' si- maw,??- he. following dectaffitivujiskxpves'dy made: ,," If,-si ,.hoywevqrssghc cnemyfishqmd easy} gþesg thee-(s ss'ss ssin't'h-ss-execiitidn'. asissl- if man-al- 'pitimszsizsscoq— trary to all. Expectatision, shoiﬂd siacqu'ipsssce xp' subh-ss ususil-patious, his majeiﬄ Wbt Hrbbabiy be comctsis , Þd-sisihfivmrssmlltzstan' Y- fd.'r=tali— a "ctin {us'sijiktss'defenceJ &c." ' Tsscte'sstsisiwss-Q' requi—ss-Z ' , gitesssjnqcesiuyy. in the _ opinion of Great "Bxfitaiu tsio jsiusistify fr'ect'taliztion, are ctstatcd to he, the sicxecution of,—fine degree, a'nd theycqnicscence 1 siof ncusrsini nationsssss Yet, withinsi "eight days aftei'ss, add-in she face-oft'siiat declaration with-. s out waiting fm'jascargaisining, either of those. Tacts, sithe retaliatiusig _1*n*iii_sh ordcsirsssiosif January & Jsh, 1-807', was issued, which,-contrarj' tothc acknowledged Law of nations, sisubjectecl to sscasspmre, vesselsofss the Ussnitudct Scales sailing from the port; pf one belligercnt to a port of 'a'netlzer belligcrc'nt. _ si ' The Uniccd S_t-.sisstes,_iuthc ssinezmjvhiless, and _ without delay, had Fakcn 'thc necessary steps to ascermin me. minn'exsi in which the French ss mgbvsrnmcnt intended to exccutc their dc—si sicrccct ct" . " 'ss ' _ ctss That decree might be cdnstrued merely as & munidipal law forbidding thcssintroducfion of British merchandizc, and- the adinission of Yessels cunning from ' England. ss Under that" aspect, and is confined tosisitcthixt- .b'ej'ept, the neutral rights _os Alnel'icz were net aﬀected -by its operation. ' -ss " " sssi-A-benigerent may Without—any insraction , . . \ . * 0 l \. of neutrul risen; forbzd the-adnusszon mto his 'ports of anysivcctgisel.sicmning from, the parts of — his enessi'tiy. And France had undoubtedly si-ctthc same right to e—zsitciddesi'omctiger dominions every species Of. British merchandize, which ss I the'Unitcd Statcs 'hsssave eXercisised in to:-bid ssss ding the importatinn of certain species G. Britain might be induced by such regulations, so that America had no more right to complain of that part of the decree, than France had to object to the non-importation act. So far in deciding as respects the United States; they were, as praised by the municipal part of the decree, in the same situation, in relation to "France, in which they are placed in their intercourse with Great Britain by the permanent laws of that country. The French deem such vessels as can vessels to import British merchandise into France. The Dutch nation not so of the French decree which declared the British islands in sustenance of blockade, though not followed by regulations to that effect, still thraced an intended operation on the high bids American vessels to import them to import them into England; But that bread clause sees. This if carried into effect would be a agreement with the neutral rights of the United States, and as such they would be bound to oppose it. The minister of the United States  on the 24th of December, 1806, seven days before the date of the above mentioned note of the British government, stated in answer, that—the decree made no sign—intervention in the regulations then observed in France with regard to neutral navigation, or to the commercial convention of the United States with France. That the declaration of the British islands being in state of blockade did not change the existing French laws concerning. In maritime captures, and that American vessels could not be taken at sea for the mere reason of their being going to, or turning from an existing British port. As the execution of the decree comparted for several months with those explanations: several vessels were arrested for having introduced articles of English growth in manufacture, and among them some which being actually home England, and laden with English colonial produce, had entered with foreign ships, as it coming from the United States. But no alteration of the first construction given by the French government took place till the month of September, 1807, she states the second consideration on the principle that the decree subjected neutral vessels to capture on the high seas, was that of the Hudson on the 10th of October following him to that time they could have been no acquiescence in a degree insuring the neutral rights of the United States, because until that time it was explained, and what was more important, executed in such manner as not to infringe those rights, because until then no such infringement had taken place. The ministers of the United States at London, at the request of the British minister, committed... Related to him on the 18th of October, 1807, the substance of the explanation—ss. of the resolutions received, and of the manner in which the sea was executed. For they were at this time insufficient of the 178th of September, 1807, that a.ss. of the decree to be placed. Sathering been on that day traits As the season of Vena-ber, 1807, the determinations of his Federal Government Made upon that instrument: "Can't speak Place on the was of the same Month, at in the case of the Hon. of the United States, which The misinformed of the United States saw not in— Shrined until the month of November; and, And on the twelfth of that month, he presented a spirited remonstrance Against that Infraction of the penny-all rights (as the U.S. State; He had, in the meantime, committed to America the institution to the Conscience of 431 Letters or the 18th of September. This was received on the 31st of December; and a copy of the decision on By... The case of the region, having at the same time reached its own government, the President, a Wear of the consequences which would follow that news state of things, communicated immediately to Congress the action of The French decrees, and recommended the Seal of the embargo, which was... Accordingly, laid on the 224 of December, 1807; at which time it was well understood that the British orators of council, of the preceding had issued, although they were officially communicated to our government. On the 11th of that month, those orders actually were declaring that all the ports of France, of her allies, and of any other country at war with England, and all other ports of Europe, from which, at the not at war with England, the British ships were excluded; that all trade in articles of the produce or manufactures of the said countries, should be deemed unlawful, and that every vessel trading from or to the said countries, should be liable to capture and capture of the neutral. The only restriction to be used in such cases, must be such as will consider. These orders Cantzot be discontinued on the ground of their being intended as retaliating on account of the Berlin duck-cater, as construed, and immediately executed from its danger to the 18th September, 1807, its constitution and execution having till then issuing no neutral rights. For certainly the monstrous doctrine will not be asserted, even by the British government, that neutral nations are bound to resist, not only the acts of belligerent power, which violate their rights, but also those municipal regulations, which, however they may injure the enemy, are lawful and do not affect the legitimate rights. Operate on the enemy without infringing the rights of the neutral. It solely intended as retaliation on the Berlin decree, as executed prior to the month of September, the British orders of council should have been confined to forbidding the introduction into Great Britain of French or enemy's merchant vessels coming from a French or other enemy's quarter. Indeed, the ground of retaliation on account of any culpable acquiescence of neutral vessels in decrees violating the rights of neutrals is abandoned by the British government. Very tenor of the outlying forces; their operation being extended to those countries from which the British flag was excluded, such as Austria, although such countries were neither at war with Great Britain, nor had passed any decree in any way affecting or connected with neutral rights. Nor are the orders justifiable on the pretence of any acquiescence on the part of the United States, in the French decree, as construed and executed subsequent to the 1871, as September, 1807. When it became an evident invasion of their rights, and such as they were bound to oppose. From their minister at Paris immediately made the necessary remonstrances; and them were issued not only without having ascertained as to whether the United States would acquiesce in the injurious alteration of the French decree, but more than one month before that alteration was known in America. , mid-???? in -Decfmbe*sif;-1-806iﬂﬂtseﬄiaz W" o. he , ;Jsi "55— '_ct ": - , ss .ssctfi Priam-mass : fifthe" ssu-ss- Aiidshe , Mctmide bY' sithe ministers , Fh? ., ] -_ m; tsia't the f-Freizc'h sidec. wsimsi ssssctss'qdsijzad Execsilited was not to i F'Wffiiffisiewaksishsszand ' without an si 'Pct-"V'W PWe-N' simmnatiem dCDYictng th :corrsieetneSs-bsctthat statement. - : fire—Band decree ass" xpoussnded and cx ecuted jﬂbsequent to the. si18thss SCPtembe lss8siO7-j'sidndsi the British Order: of Council si the 11th'. Nov'cmber siensuing, are thercshsi—si ;asthey asscCt the si-Uni-tedct Statcs co-xemsio . me;-sin, aggressftons of the belfigercnt pot-si i-;;5,'-:eqsstsiisia1_lyssunprovokcd. and equally ind-sict Fensctiblb on the PreSume-d ground of abquisifg sisicence. 'si These, together with the Misizn d-si tree of December, ,1807, which filled shss measure-,:wonld on the principle os 'zeisctzc sent,-e have justified-immediate hoztilitits 9 gainzt-both nations on the part of the Unitsi cdSmtesss. ' They thought it more _clissjsit,1. in the first instance by withdrewising The; vessels from the ocean,_to avoid war, at lear for :\ season, andﬂt {the same time, to snetch thcisirsi immense'and ddbncc-lcas comlncrce from im'pending destruction. ' Another appeal he. in the mean time ?:eenss made, under the no;-burn): v-si-sted in the Psiresidcnt for that purpose, to th—c—justice and. true interests of France mid England. The Propoctsitions made by the United State-s, . 'r-l the "arguments urged by their ministers are; IchoreCongress. By these the rem- sign-. Text of the legal edicts was removed; and it is evident that a revocation by either nation on the ground on which it was asked, either must have produced, what both parties tend to. He is in view, in resumption of the freedom of commerce and of the acknowledged foreign principles of the law of nations; or in base of refusal by the other belligerent, would have carried into effect, in the necessary manner, the ostensible object of the edicts, and made the United States a part in the war against him. The report has been ineffective. The propositions have been uniformly rejected by some of the belligerent powers, and remains unanswered by the other. In that state of things, what does the United States pursue?— Your committee can perceive no excuse, but abstract and acquiescing submission was with both nations; or a continuance and in forcement of the present suspension of commerce. The first cannot require any discussion. But the pressure of the enfranchisement, so sensibly felt, and the calamity in suspense, is insurmountable. A state as war, naturally creates a wish that such a course might be discovered, which should avoid the evils of both, and not be inconsistent with national honor and independence. Such illusion must be dissipated; and it is necessary that the people of the United States should fully understand the situation in which they are placed. There is no other alternative, but war with both nations, or a continuous of the present system. For war with one of the belligerents only would be submission to the edicts and will of the other; and a repeal in whole or in part of the embargo, must necessarily be war or suspension. A general peace without arm in, would be submission to both nations. Assessment repeal and allaming of our merchant vessels, would be war with both, and war of the worst kind, suffering the enemies to plunder us. Without retaliation upon them. A partial repeal must, from the situation of Europe, necessarily be actual submission to one of the aggressors, and war with all other. The last position, is the only one on which there can be any doubt; and it will be most satisfactorily demonstrated by selecting among the several modifications, which might be suggested, that which may on first view appear the least exceptional; a proposition to repeal the embargo, in case of war, as relates to those powers; which have not passed or do not execute any destructive injurious to the neutral rights of the United States. It is said that the adoption of that proposal would restore our omnia-me with the native powers of Spain, and with Spain, Portugal, Sweden, and Holland. This be taken for granted, although the precise line of conduct now pursued is most of those nations, in relation to the belligerents. Side-13, is not correctly ascertained. So far, it relates to any advantages which wood, if compared to the present object, will be sufficient to ensure that the expense of articles of the domestic produce of the United States during the year ending the 30th September, may be estimated at $54,700,000, and that the ports of the ports mentioned, excluding the ports of the United States, will be short of seven millions; and the total amount of exports, when compared to the present, will be $5,700,000. 