text: "Wssib. C'"-■"■"'"''/ W?ti.A ;? rU,. ;-.<■■' \- <. -TO 'h•' ■■ '■'■ '■'■ '■'■ 'A. r //y >wMr /r ZL «'■«•> Itff&lvi' ’. ’■ ■■?.* * ■■■ '&'- w!M» ' * ■-•'••■ ■ ■w yfMMBffIBfWRBwBaaMB wLtefcqy 5? 4<<fe",aßW-”WS W4aft^^w■?-/ VI S L II ‘■/'L' >^ t>: ’ < ■ -,..y* &£** &T&& Z *' 'C< •*’ ; '^ x '• <'••s■► r '•■ •'•'■-'. ■*.• ',«&* 1 *-.&X v -2K ■ ■ 1./ f JBfe ’ _” / \ . vi iWelwy /  of the World By John Dickinson Sherman Old has been begun upon a new wonder of the world — the “Lost Cause” In granite—the memorial to the Confederate States of America to be carved on the face of Stone Mountain, sixteen miles east of Atlanta, Ga. Stone Mountain is In Itself a “natural wonder. It is a solid mass of granite rising abruptly from the level farmlands. It covers an area of seven miles. It slopes on three sides. There is a path to the summit from the south side; Its length is approximately a mile. It is estimated that the mountain contains granite enough to pave a highway 70 times around the earth. Quarrying has been done for years and many notable buildings the country over are built of its granite. The Venable family owns the mountain and quarrying has made them rich. It is said that Sam H. Venable swapped a mule for the mountain. It is a popular belief in Atlanta and towns adjacent to the mountain that it was once the home of a great Indian tribe and that the Indians were the only ones who were ever able to scale the perpendicular side. But so far as known history goes, there has never been a human being who has succeeded in climbing this side. Many have tried, some have met death, others have been able to get a part of the way up, but never has a man been able to go all the way to the top of Stone mountain except along the one beaten track from the south approach. The present day Ku Klux Klan held its first Initiation at midnight atop the mountain and since that time has held many ceremonials on it. It is said that in the carpetbag days just after the Civil War the real Ku Klux Klan held many meetings there. Mr. Venable has donated the sheer north cliff to the Daughters of the Confederacy, under whose auspices the memorial is being made. The memorial will be carved on the sheer face of Stone Mountain. Therefore, this memorial to the "Lost Cause" faces the north — an accidental fact, but interesting! This sheer north face of Stone Mountain is about 700 feet high. It is only slightly corroded by the elements through the centuries and bears no vegetation. Nature has made it ready for the chisel of num. The memorials in brief, represents the fighting men of the Confederacy marching across the face of the cliff. The host will occupy a space of approximately 700 by 100 feet. The carved strip will have about 300 feet of cliff below it and 300 above it. Incidentally, the illustration herewith is not in proportion. Gen. Robert K. Lee, with Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, leads the muster. His bend is nine feet high. A body in proportion would be 35 feet tall. A good-sized horse stands 15 hands — 60 inches. A 68-foot man on a 60-foot horse would be about 81 feet high from ground to hat. This indicates the size of the figures of the memorial. The memorial is to represent the mobilization of the Confederate forces. All branches of the army — infantry, cavalry, artillery — will be shown marching across the face of the mountain. A group of Confederate leaders will be seen in the foreground reviewing these troops. This group will include Lee, Davis, Jackson, Johnston, Beauregard, Stewart, Gordon, and Wheeler. Gutzon Borglum, the American sculptor of world-wide fame, is the presiding genius of the work. He is quoted as saying that he has donated his services; that the memorial is with him a labor of artistic love; that he intends to make it his life work; that completion may be expected in about eight years; that the completed memorial will take a front rank among the wonders of the world. If the memorial is to be one of the wonders of the world, the methods of its making are scarcely less wonderful. As a preliminary to the actual carving of the figures, the biggest photographs ever imagined by man will be printed on the face of the cliff. These photographs will be printed on the cliff exactly as a photographer in his dark room prints a picture on a piece of sensitized paper. The side of the mountain will be the piece of paper. It will be sensitized with chemicals. At a distance of 700 feet away on the hill plain will be stationed a huge projecting machine. Mr. Borglum will stand at the machine and throw his picture on the mountain side, where the chemicals will retain the impression on the solid rock. First I will determine the exact location for General Lee’s figure, which will be the first to be carved. I will make that spot on the mountain sensitive to light by pouring chemicals over it. Men will be lowered down the mountain side with several barrels of nitrate of silver. The application of the nitrate will, in effect, turn the granite into a sensitized plate. Working only at night, because the night itself will be my dark room, I will let the rays of the lamp shine against the sensitized mountain side for several hours. "After that, more men will be lowered down the mountain side. They will pour over the exposed spot developing fluid and then 'fixing' fluid. At last the spot will be washed with about 10,000 gallons of water poured over the brink of the precipice. When daybreak comes the picture should be imprinted plainly. "When one spot is printed the workmen will begin carving on it at once in order to avoid the picture fading by any chance, though it should remain there for months, perhaps years. I will treat the side of the mountain in this way, section by section, until the entire memorial is printed and carved." The lump to which Mr. Borglum refers is thus explained by him: "When I first thought of this plan I wrote to different manufacturers of lamps, but at first my plan appeared to them to be impossible. It wasn't, however. I have finished assembling at my studio in Stamford, Connecticut, a lamp, the most powerful ever built in this country, that will throw its rays a distance of 700 feet, which is the distance I must project my drawing from the foot of Stone mountain to the point where I intend to carve." "It will be necessary to fix the lamp so that it can be held absolutely motionless. This will be due to the fact that the negative I place in the lamp will be magnified many times over on the mountainside. For instance, in experiments I have made in my studio at Stamford, the head of General Lee’s horse was little more than the size of a dime head on the slide, and yet when I projected it on a canvas 600 feet away, it was enlarged to the height of 24 feet. A tiny error in the adjustment of the lamp or in the proportions of the drawing on the negative will be magnified manyfold on the mountain. This means that we will have to use great pains, and that our task of completing the outline of the memorial will not be finished in a night." It is evident that the carving of the memorial is a dangerous undertaking. Mr. Borglum says on this point: "Of course, the work will be filled with dangers. Many of the men engaged in it may lose their lives, for a false step at any time will mean an instantaneous death — yet the thought of danger only heightens my desire to overcome all obstacles. "It is my plan to carve the figures of Lee and of Davis first, a work that will cost about $100,000; then I will proceed with the others in the main group; and after that, I hope to carve an entire army marching across the face of the mountain. If I am able to do that, the various groups of the memorial will extend for a distance of 700 feet across the mountainside." "The memorial, as I plan it, will without doubt be the greatest monument ever built. The single figures will dwarf other pieces of sculpture, and the entire effect of an army marching across the mountain in review before their leaders will be bigger than anything of its sort ever before attempted." The successful completion of the memorial will doubtless result in other features that will transform the neighborhood. Mr. Venable, who lives in Atlanta and is a millionaire, has subscribed liberally to a project for an open-air theater at the foot of the cliff, below the memorial. It has been demonstrated that the sheer cliff constitutes a most remarkable sounding board. Marie Tiffany, an opera star, sang with her back to the cliff and it is said that her voice was heard at a distance of a mile. An orchestral concert was recently given at the foot of the cliff with astonishing results. So it is proposed to build an enormous open-air theater, patterned after the Coliseum of Rome and seating 20,000 persons. Mr. Venable also says that he hopes the Daughters of the Confederacy will build a hotel adjacent to the park of several hundred acres to be established at the foot of the mountain. He intimates that unless they do he will himself build a fine tourist hotel to take care of the crowds of visitors. Then there is talk of a museum along lines suggested by the memorial. 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