text: '&&isF2'<z*. syFdZfcF ^CtK&s* tttzy&Zny' t'nn* .. I .. t. » Kim Tl,» l»tn ■•*> ntlr.i.nl Crn^lntta uR? - S>? <?A2& " ^ •&'&? ^OtPS™# <&Z /I'yZstrA’ sJr-^?^/esr<^£rs%Z%&aS3J2<E>/2&jrfiZ<£<?S' SS2<f ^OtyuL <J^yiJ><^‘S>SF2 ss2 £&/,}* ^eur'&fd' &rtf *%£>&7S2 C2&vy&s? *—< _ _ _ _ r r /** a__ 'fZss^sz'irts’& ^TZs^? szes^S' <&&&= <j*. vt2^ £&&■;?&' *&#>5tn7'S''F'SSS’ Jferi&dsJrp^iZpjv topj ngui, iiMV, i lie imernu uuuai c'/uuivaip. UNITED STATES ARMY STAGES BIG CROSS-COUNTRY MOTOR DEMONSTRATION The United States Army is to make the biggest good roads demonstration the country ever saw. An army motor truck train will start from the White House July 7 for San Francisco. It will follow the Lincoln Highway and make some detours however. The train includes five passenger cars, thirty-five trucks of all types, two ambulances, six motorcycles, two tank trucks, two kitchen trailers, two water tanks, one engineer shop truck, one officer work truck and one searchlight truck. In fact the people “back home” will see just what*the Army had in France in motor equipment. Secretary Daniels of the Navy invaded the Mississippi River with navy demonstrations so Secretary Baker will show the folks something in the way of Army transportation, and at the same time the need of good roads in time of war or peace. Radium of Remembrance! What poetry is in those words! With those words Great Britain challenges in United States for over there plans are being put forward for the linking up in an intelligent way local memorial endeavors and "The Roads of Remembrance." We hear in this country much of the millions to be spent for improving motor highways. The sum is staggering, but is there not a fine opportunity in the making of these roads to let the people of the communities through which they pass have a part—and a big part—in the making by the planting of Memorial Trees in the proper locations. The beauties of the roads of France are a legend. What are we going to do in this country? Memorials of various kinds there will be. Monuments too but do monuments not tell our grief rather than our glory. It is the latter that should be perpetuated as Charles Lathrop Pack, the American Forestry Association points out. To this end, an organization has been effected in Great Britain for the Roads of Remembrance. The central idea is told by Millionaire H. Morrison, of 47 Victoria Street, London, the secretary who says: "War memorials there are, and must be, to express national glory, civic and corporate pride, family affection and personal love; and buildings of all sorts, as well as scholarships and 'chairs' are being urged as appropriate forms for these to take." “Nevertheless, something more is wanted to meet the craving for a memorial at once national and corporate, with a place also for the family and individual gift. What is wanted is something Imperialistic in conception; undoubtedly useful and necessary; psychologically satisfying in the sense of linking together separate memorials by giving all relation to each and each relation to each and each relation to all; beautiful and artistic; entirely democratic—that is, accessible to all people at all times; enduring to remote posterity; health and pleasure giving; a setting for architecture and statuary, for guns and other war trophies; a link between the amenities of country and town life; centrifugal in its influence as against the modern tendency to excessive centralization. "Big demands! Yes, and the road of remembrance, a commemorative avenue, with the necessary bridges, meets so frankly each one of them that the writer challenges the name of any other form of war memorial of which the same can be said." Roads to Connect Cemeteries in France A plan is now being urged for Roads of Remembrance in France and will lead from one famous battlefield ground to another or from one cemetery to another. "The great army that died must ever be kept in remembrance," Clemenceau has said. The British Imperial War Graves Commission is now working to mark every grave for Great Britain believes in hallowing the spot where her heroes lie buried. Rudyard Kipling, a member of the Commission, speaks of the Stone of Remembrance and outlines the work in this way: "These resting places are situated on every conceivable site—on bare hills flayed by years of battle, in orchards and meadows, beside populous towns or little villages, in jungle glades, at coast ports, in far away islands, among desert sands and desolate ravines. It would be as impossible as undesirable to reduce them all to any uniformity of aspect by planting or by architecture. "In each cemetery there should stand a Cross of Sacrifice and an altar like Stone of Remembrance, and that the headstones of the graves should be of uniform shape and size. "In due time, then, wherever a man may be buried, from East Africa to North Russia, his headstone will carry his regimental badge, identifiable the world over." A Good Suggestion Right In line, with this comes the suggestion made to the American Forestry Association by Col. Webb C. Hayes, son of the former president. Colonel Hayes is chairman of the Cuba-China Battlefield Commission. This would provide for a county unit system of placing memorial tablets to the men who gave their lives for their country, the tablets to be placed on the county courthouse or on the memorial highways extending from county to county, preferably at the points where these roads enter adjoining counties. In this connection, the setting of Memorial Trees along these roads would be pushed. Colonel Hayes has offered to provide the tablets for the men from Sandusky county, his home county in Ohio, and William G. Sharp, former American Ambassador to France, has made a similar offer for Lorain county. “We cut the tree down ruthlessly, but the time will come when we will wish that we had more trees,” declared J. L. Dumas, in addressing the Western Washington Horticultural Association at Everett, Washington, recently. He then went on to say that he knew of no better movement than that of planting memorial trees to soldiers and sailors, and he added: Highways And Trees Go Hand-In-Hand “I think that we should join in the great movement for planting trees along the roadsides.” In Missouri, one community has named a newly-constructed highway after its first son who gave his life in the service. Improvement of highways and tree-planting go hand in hand and trees are being planted along highways in many parts of the country. Different species of trees are to be planted along the various roads in Michigan for which $50,000,000 has been voted, according to W. S. Linton of the State Tax Commission and a member of the State Good Roads Association. Along the highway from Chicago to Saginaw walnut trees are to be planted and this will be called the Victory Highway. The people along the route have promised, he reports, to improve and beautify their property. This is a good illustration of the way in which tree planting leads to other civic improvements. Many Cities Interested The State of Maryland is one of the first to get its highway program underway. The National Defense Highway between Bladensburg and Annapolis will be a memorial to the Maryland soldiers in the great war for civilization. In Oregon, the State Federation of Women’s Clubs is behind a plan for a Roosevelt Road. In New York, a bill has been introduced to create a State commission to prepare plans for a Roosevelt Memorial Trunk Highway from Montauk Point to Buffalo. The city of Buffalo is now considering a Memorial Bridge to link Canada and the United States. In Louisiana, trees have been planted along the highway that leads from New Orleans to Winnipeg. Within the next three years, this country will spend a little more than $500,000,000 for road building, and every dollar of this will be reflected in the profits of the users of these roads. The motor truck operator must keep in mind constantly the absolute necessity of having good roads for his truck to be run over and appreciate the economy of truck operation when the roads are of the right sort. Uncle Sam Helps The last Congress, shortly before adjournment, made an extra appropriation of $209,000,000 in the post office appropriation bill to meet the Federal part of the program. Officials of the bureau of public roads, United States Department of Agriculture, point out that this is the largest appropriation ever made by any government for a similar purpose, and that it will enable the Federal and State Governments to carry on a road-building program of a magnitude never approached in the history of the world. This work, it is estimated, will employ more than 100,000 men in active road work, in addition to the men engaged in the production and furnishing of road-building materials. It affords one of the large opportunities for profitable employment for returned soldiers and sailors. When it became necessary two years ago to concentrate great numbers of men in cantonments, it was found that the roadways connecting the cantonments with the surrounding cities were in no sense adequate. For the most part new roads had to be constructed. There is always the possibility of another such emergency, and the only means of insuring facile communication is by the construction of surfaced roads over which motor trucks can operate. While the security of the nation in such an emergency might depend upon good roads for military uses, their service to the nation would not be confined to military matters. For a great portion of the time during the past two years 90 percent of the railroad capacity of the country was required for military purposes. The transportation of food, fuel, and the like had to be accomplished largely by means other than rail. Some hardships were entailed. The motor truck, however, over such roads as were passable, rendered excellent service. When the present road-building program is carried out and the total of improved roads is several times larger than at present, the service possibilities of the motor truck will be correspondingly increased and the safety of the nation and the comfort of the people more fully insured. The American Forestry Association is registering all memorial trees planted in the United States. The Association is sending out certificates of registration to the organization or individual planting these trees. A renewed assurance of the fact that we have a united country is given in memorial tree planting for the Daughters of the Confederacy and the Daughters of the American Revolution, alike, are planting trees. But trees are not being planted alone for those who gave their lives, they are being planted in honor of those who offered their lives to their country. Trees are also being planted to mark centennials and like dates. In France, they are going to convert historic Vlmy Ridge, which saw some of the bloodiest and fiercest fighting of the war into a vast memorial park to the Canadian soldiers. Pitted as it is with shell holes and craters made by mines, it can never be turned again into agricultural land; and so the Canadian government will plant on it the maples of Canada. It has been suggested that in the same way the Argonne be made an American park, a shrine hallowed by the blood of American soldiers. In the work of reforesting the battle areas of Europe, the American Forestry Association at Washington is helping. It is receiving subscriptions from every part of the country to further this work. A great work is to be done there, but on this side of the ocean a great work can be done too in connection with the construction of our highways. As roads will connect those historic spots where the heroes of free lands laid down their lives that freedom might live so let us have Roads of Remembrance. Constantinople The Pivot of the Turkish Situation—A Sketch of This Interesting Old City—The Most Cosmopolitan in the World. Copyright, 1919, The International Syndicate. CHE City of Constantinople, which has been the mecca of thousands of travelers, stands upon two continents and is made up of three towns which are separated by arms of the sea. In Europe are Galata-Pera and Stamboul divided by an inlet of the Golden Horn and in Asia is Skutarl clinging to the slopes of a mountain. Since the conquest of the Turks, Constantinople has been the residence of the Sultan and seat of Government, religious and secular, the home of the Sheikh of Islam, of the Greek, and Armenian Patriarchs and the Chief Rabbi of the Jews who respectively represent to communities of which they are the spiritual chiefs. Its population seems to be uncertain but it is at least one million, a people who are noted for their sobriety, for it is well known that the Mohammedan does not drink intoxicating liquors. Interesting Streets The streets are always filled with a motley crowd, which before the war included people of every nation, who came to view and study this great city. Among the natives, everybody lives in dread of everybody else and often fights occur at night, and for this reason it is not safe for travelers to wander about the city alone after nightfall. Even in the Galata-Pera part of the city, where a delightful hotel for foreigners is located, it is not an uncommon thing for a shooting fray to occur any night in the park near the hotel. It is rare that a European or American is disturbed, the danger to them being from shots or missiles which do not reach the party desired. Early History Constantinople is among the oldest in the world and a favorite stopping place for the archeologist. Although it has passed through many troublesome periods, its ancient relics are in good condition, and much of its early history is preserved. It was founded in the Sixth Century, B.C., by Greek adventurers. Owing to the site its settlement prospered and its possession soon became the aim of many nations. About 330, A.D., Constantine the Great decided that this city should be his capital in preference to Rome, and gave it the name of Constantinople. It soon became the head of Greek civilisation, while Rome remained the great center for the Latin races. From 395 to 1453 it was the capital of Byzantine or the Eastern Empire. The Patriarch of Constantinople gradually rose to be the head of the Christian church in the East. Owing to its position, it was besieged in many wars and finally taken by the Turks. Its great walls were ruined although parts of them remain standing. This wall was built by Theodosius the Great, who reigned in Constantinople the latter part of the Fourth Century and stretched for miles. In 1241, the city was captured and sacked by the Crusaders, who established a Latin Empire, which lasted only until 1261, when the Greeks regained the city. Its capture by the Turks in 1453 marks an epoch in history for ever since that time it has been the storm center of European politics. To the average traveler, its bazars at Stamboul and its bridges across the Golden Horn to the different parts of the city are of the greatest interest. The former is the great market for almost every commodity in the world and is a place in which you know you will be cheated yet you make a visit after a visit to the place and pay less than half of the merchants' price and still find yourself worsted by the bargain. The place is dimly lighted and you are led into shops, the proprietors of which you know divide with your guide in the profits and yet you cannot resist the fascination of buying. This bazar, some parts of which are underground, seems to be miles in length. Bazars And Bridges There are many beautiful things from the Orient on sale, such as Chinese silk of the finest kind, Persian knicknacks, Turkish and Persian carpets, large vases with Arabic inscriptions and all sorts of worthless muslins and jewelry, in fact there is everything on sale and many Americans have purchased. Chased rugs at this bazaar after spending hours in bargaining with the dealer, only to find on returning home the same article in a New York shop at half the price. The bridges are intensely interesting for if one will stand at their entrance for an hour it will seem that the entire world passes in review. Costumes of every land, people from the Orient and people from Europe all in one constant procession. Hundreds of the little Turkish carriages, drays, wagons and cattle of every variety seem to be out on parade yet this endless procession seems to "go on forever." Mosque of St. Sophia Constantinople has more than its share of Byzantine churches, the greater part of which are now mosques, but the most important is that of St. Sophia, probably founded by Constantine the Great and finished by Constantine. It was dedicated with great pomp in 360. Several times it was burned to the ground, but rebuilt it once. After the taking of Constantinople it became a mosque and today the largest one in the world, it contains many relics of the days when it was Christian, and a Turkish guide will point these out. Among these relics is the Cradle of Jesus made of red marble and the basin in which He is said to have been washed. Soth of these, according to tradition, were brought from Bethlehem. There is also a column which always emits dampness and by touching it one day obtain a marvelous cure from disease. Of course, this cure can only be made if the sick person contributes to the Muslim cause and this is only one of the many paradoxes of the city. The mosque itself with its great dome is a beautiful structure. Many of the fine mosaic paintings have been covered with a light plater, but they can be easily seen through its thin over. One of the Virgin with her hands lifted in prayer can be plainly seen. The mosque, like all others, is entirely devoid of seats for the Muslim carry mats and bow upon them during the service. Many additions have been built to the church, but these are not nearly so artistic as the original parts. There are any number of other mosques, some even more beautiful but none so large. In the olden days when the city had a public water supply there were numerous cisterns and the most numerous of these are still shown and the most blood-curdling stories told of Islam. There are many public fountains for hundreds of houses are not mentioned with the water system. Some of these fountains are very pretty and are named for the different Sultans who have ruled the city. None of them are very sanitary, although there seems to be little sickness, perhaps on account of the delightful climate caused by the currents of the Sultans, and its natural drainage to the sea. The traveler is sure to be taken to see the Dervishes, either the ones who dance, howl or whirl. This is a part of the Muslim faith and seems to the average person more of an exercise or acrobatic performance than a religious feast. Then too it is carried out solely for the amusement of foreigners who pay a small fee for the performance. Harems and Columns Of course, only women visitors are admitted to the Harems and to the American women the girls found there are but young women who wear little clothing and lounge around in lazy fashion and are for the most part uninteresting. The monuments run to columns of which the column of Constantine is considered the finest. It was built in honor of that Emperor and said to have hidden somewhere about it a piece of the Cross upon which Christ was crucified, also one of the nails. It was surmounted by a figure of the Emperor, but shortly after the Turks came into possession the figure was shattered by lightning and it is said the sacred treasures were revealed and taken away by the natives. There are many other columns and a number of curious old cemeteries to be visited, but it would require many pages to describe them. The suburbs of the city along the Bosphorus are unusually attractive, but it is the streets, the people and the bazars which interest the traveler in this fascinating old city, whose fate is in doubt at present. 