text: Ok7T-cr<M)ESARy W-People i-JOFFRE’S MAIN RELIANCE In the phalanx of brilliant generals who surround and support General Joffre, the generalissimo of the French army, General Foch occupies a place in the front row. It is generally admitted that it is General Foch who would be called upon to replace General Joffre should circumstances suddenly require it. General Foch was born in Tarbes, Hautes Pyrenees, in 1861. Made captain at the age of twenty-six, he soon became professor at the military academy, where he had an opportunity to develop such theories as he held dear. When war broke out he was in command of the Twentieth army corps at Nancy. After fighting in Lorraine General Foch took command of the Ninth army at the battle of the Marne, in the region of Sezanne, at Vitry-le-François, where, as leader of men, he revealed such qualities that the generalissimo has since then in the fourth command of the army, General Foch has ever known how to make his men appreciate the facility of his authority, which is devoid of all training to the French soldier, who resents being needlessly bothered about trifles. ARIZONA’S WOMAN SENATOR Mrs. Frances Willard Munds is a state senator in Arizona. She was elected from Prescott and is chairman of the committee on education and education. Public institutions. She has greatly enjoyed the work and has been treated with great courtesy by the male members. She has been called on twice to preside in the senate. Mrs. Munds was born in California, was reared in Nevada. At the age of thirteen she went to Pittsfield, Me., the Maine Central institution in the spring term of 1882. She taught school for two years and then joined her husband in the stock business. Her husband was eight sheriff of Yavapai county, and Mrs. Munds are Democrats. "I believe in suffrage for women because I think their influence in women will be of great benefit to themselves and to the human race in this state," says Mrs. Munds. "I am convinced that the women will form the balance so much needed in legislatures. I hope to be a member next Democratic national convention, and if I am I shall work to get suffrage plank in the national platform." Mrs. Munds has one son and two daughters. GREAT MAKER OF POWDER Someone down East has suggested that T. Coleman du Pont would be a good man for the Republicans to nominate for the presidency, and to the people of Delaware, at least, the idea does not seem incongruous. General du Pont is now fifty-two years old, active, wiry, and aggressive, almost nervously aggressive; it may be said; the type of man who knows what he wants to do and straightway starts about it; the type of man, furthermore, who possesses thorough training for his work and wide experience in doing it. He was born in Louisville, Ky., December 11, 1863, son of Bidermann du Pont and Ellen. S. Coleman. As a lad, he attended Urbana University in Ohio, then went to Boston, where he studied at the Chauncey school. He finally entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which he was duly graduated, an engineer. He at once began to practice his profession in large enterprises in Pennsylvania. Later, he took up the mining of coal and iron ore, and still later the construction and operation of street railways. Subsequently, he entered the coal business, and finally, in 1902, became president of the industry founded upon hope than a century ago by his paternal ancestors—the manufacture of telegraphs. His interests continued to expand until they included banking, railroad companies, and coal mining, and also active participation in politics. STONE, VITALIZER OF MONEY When the National City bank announced that Charles A. Stone had been selected to pilot the new $50,000,000 company known as the American International corporation, that has set itself to the task of healing the financial wounds that the world suffers as the result of the present war, people outside of that mysterious world as “high financial circles” to know who Mr. Stone was, he had done, and what he proposed doing. When President Frank A. Ship of the National City bank announced that this same is A. Stone was “a vitalizer of money” there was surprise as well as curiosity. For twenty-five of his fifty years, Stone has been known throughout the United States and Canada as a great of America's foremost efficiency. Experts. Today there are fifty corporations of the public utility kind under his management—one for each year, his life. No matter how sick they were when Mr. Stone got them his efficiency treatment made them whole and strong enough to go about their usual work. His past twenty-five years have been very active because he is a construction engineer as well as an efficiency man—he has built factories, power gauges and the like. WOODS DAYS NATION IS OPEN TO ATTACK Major General Warmly Favors Compulsory Service. NEED ARMY OF 210,000 MEN Urges Officer Reserve of 45,900 to Leac 2,000,000 Troops In Case of War Points Out How Enemy Could Attack New York While Out of Range of Our Coast Defense Guns. Legislators are still discussing the graphic recital of Major General Leonard Wood concerning the state of unpreparedness of the country before the senate military affairs committee. The United States is woefully weak in war material, as well as men, he said. He pointed out that the government now possesses less than "60,000 modern rifles." He asserted the United States is without a proper reserve supply of ammunition. General Wood came out flatly in favor of compulsory military service. The volunteer system, he says, has proved "a dismal failure." Coast defenses of the United States came in for severe criticism. He declared a dread naught of the Queen Elizabeth type could appear off Rockaway beach. Now York, safely out of the range of the nearest coast defense guns, and shot New York city as far as Seventeenth street. Urges Universal Service. General Wood began his testimony with a discussion of the Chamberlain bill, which provides for universal service in the continental army and a considerable strengthening of the regular forces. He said the bill was sound in principle, but that he had recommended a greater increase in infantry, artillery, and engineers. Lie also urged that until the reserve had been built up the regiments should be kept at war strength of 150 men to a company instead of 120. He believed the universal service system proposed by the Chamberlain bill absolutely essential to any adequate military policy. General Wood outlined his own views as to the present needs of the regular army, regardless of any volunteer or compulsory short term service plan. He urged the following: "For the Philippines, four regiments of infantry, two of cavalry and one of artillery; for Hawaii, six infantry, one-eighth of artillery; for Panama, four-eighth of artillery, one artillery and a squadron of cavalry." Reasons For Larger Navy. Explaining why he wanted a larger standing army than the house bill provides, General Wood said! "For the Continental army, I would have six complete infantry divisions, twelve cavalry divisions of six regiments each, six regiments of heavy artillery, in addition to the two regiments of field artillery with each division, and enough engineers to have a Battalion with each division and a pontoon battalion with each three divisions. The artillery provision of two regiments to a division gives seventy-two guns to 14,000 rifles, which is about five guns a thousand rifles. The greater than the European standard. "The total makes about 210,000 men, including officers. But including auxiliaries, for the United States, would have about 130,000 infantry and 15,000 cavalry. "I would make all the regiments at the side of the United States 30 percent above the full war strength and give them a full year's supply of munitions. In case of war, if we lost control of the sea—and there is no reason why we should not expect to—they would have to fight on what strength they had." He then pointed out the need of a trained reserve, making light of many of the objections which have been offered by Secretary Garrison and others to the plan. On this point, he said: For New Enlistment Act "The chief need in building up a reserve is a new enlistment act. I do believe." I believe the length of service mates much difference if you abolish the peace ent right to purchase discharge and permit voluntary transfer of a rate to the reserve when his commanding officer certifies that he has become a thoroughly trained soldier. "I would pay the reservist about $30 a year, and that would help us to keep track of him. But I do not believe we should have much trouble with that. I believe our men would play the game. The seaports are full today of reservists from European armies, entirely beyond the reach of their own laws, who are yet making every effort to get back home and do their service. If our people are not going to do that then, of course, we are gone anyway." Smallest Couple Married. The combined weight of a couple married at Caldwell, O., is 131 pounds. The bridegroom, Pollard C. Stevens, aged forty-nine, is four feet three inches tall, and the bride, Miss Minnie M. Wells, thirty-four, is three feet six inches in height. Believed in Preparedness. W. W. Neifert, the weather forecaster of Hartford, Conn., was seen carrying an umbrella on a day, it was claimed, he had predicted would be fair. Democrats in St. Louis Meeting Require Two-thirds Vote to Nominate a Presidential Candidate. HERE are some facts about the two great national political conventions of 1910, which will meet to nominate candidates for the presidency and vice presidency and to adopt platforms for the Democratic and Republican parties. The Republican convention will meet in Chicago on June 7, its sessions to be held in the Coliseum, where both the Republicans and Progressive conventions were held in 1910. The Coliseum has made more political history than any other convention hall in the country. The Democratic convention will meet in St. Louis on June 14 in the new convention hall, which is said to be the finest and most modern in the United States and which has never yet housed a national convention. Both conventions will be unique in this respect—for the first time in their histories each will show a majority of delegates elected by direct primary vote. Twenty-two of the forty-eight states now have primary laws which eliminate the selection of delegates by the old system of local and state conventions. Republican Delegates Cut Down. The Republican convention of 1916 will have 985 delegates as against 1,078 in 1912. This reduction in the total has been accomplished by cutting down the representation of southern states, which are habitually Democratic and whose votes in Republican conventions have been a frequent cause of scandal and disruption. The reapportionment of the Republican convention was decided upon by the national committee of that party in December 1913, when it met in Washington, after several conventions and attempted the same thing without result. The Democratic convention this year will consist of the same number as it delegates as in 1928, the total being 985, no change in the apportionment having been made by the national committee. The Republican convention, adhering to the majority rule, will require 493 votes to nominate a candidate. Hawaii, the Philippines and Porto Rico will be represented, as in 1912, by ten delegates, but this year these delegates will possess no votes. The Democratic convention will see time to require a two-thirds vote to nominate a candidate, and therefore the nominees selected at St. Louis in 1916 must have at least 726 votes. Out of the total number of delegates in the Republican convention, which is 885, there will be 613 selected by direct primaries in twenty-two states. This will leave 372 to be chosen by the old-fashioned method. Thus it will be impossible for the national committee, which makes up the temporary roll of the convention, to "steam out a majority of its own choosing, because the committee has already decided that it will place upon the temporary roll the names of all primary delegates who present certificates of election. More than 62 percent of the next Republican convention will be off direct primary selection. Democrats Chosen by Primaries. In the Democratic convention, 624 of the total number of delegates will be chosen by direct primary and 464 by the old convention method. This means that a little more than 57 percent of the Democratic convention will be composed of primary delegates. The primary delegates will not constitute the two-thirds necessary to nominate. The states which will elect delegates are both conventions by direct primary are as follows, the total number being twenty-two: Alabama, Indiana, Minnesota, Ohio, and Mississippi. MEDALS FOR ALL THE BRAVE. French Commander Has Speaks Issue For His Own Men. The commander of one of the French regiments whose soldiers have distinguished themselves by many acts of bravery has just taken a step which is certain to gratify those who have neither been decorated nor been cited in “the order of the day.” He has ordered from the mint a large number of medals, on the side of which is engraved the "To Arias!" and as the reverse the inscription, “Camiagw of 1914-1910,” the number of the regiment, “Awarded For Courage” and the name of the soldier to whom the medal is given. This commander's theory, according to the Figaro, is that all acts of bravery deserve recognition, and those who are not singled out for the special honors of the war cross and the Legion of Honor should by no means be neglected. He believes that by awarding these medals he will increase the already demonstrated efficiency of his troops. Crow Carried Money. John Sehonlow, foreman of a construction camp in Chico, Cal., while on a hunting trip, fired into a flock of crows, killing one. When he picked up the bird he found tightly clasped in its beak a dollar bill. Republicans Reduce Representation of Southern States Which Always Go Democratic. Hampshire, North Dakota, Michigan, Wisconsin, New York, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Montana, Massachusetts, Ohio, Maryland, California, Pennsylvania, Oregon, New Jersey, South Dakota, West Virginia and Vermont. In the Republican convention, those states which will have a reduced number of delegates over 1912, as a result of the reapportionment, are: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. These states, with the elimination of the voting power of Hawaii, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, represent a total reduction of ninety-three votes in the convention. In the last half century, since the civil war, Chicago has been the most popular convention city, four Democratic and seven Republican conventions having been held there, beginning in 1864. Six winners have been nominated in Chicago—two by Democrats and four by the Republicans. St. Louis has had but four conventions since the civil war, not counting this year’s. The Democrats have nominated three Uosers there, while the Republicans nominated one winner—Grant—in that city, in 1872. Baltimore has had three conventions—two Democratic and one Republican, producing two winners. Philadelphia has had two, both in the same year. New York, Kansas City, Denver, and Minneapolis have each had one convention within the last half century, Minneapolis being the only one to nominate a victorious ticket. The following table gives the representation in the Democratic and Republican conventions of 1910, those states which choose their delegates by direct primary being marked with a star in each case: Representation of States. Republican Democratic State. Kean Cratic. Alabama. 16 24 Arizona...... 6 6 Arkansas. 15 16 California. 26 26 Colorado.. 12 12 Connecticut. 14 14 Delaware. 6 6 Florida. 8 12 Georgia. 28 28 Idaho. 8 8 Illinois. 58 68 Indiana. 30 30 Iowa. 26 26 Kansas. 20 20 Kentucky...... 26 26 Louisiana.. 12 20 Maine. 12 12 Maryland. 16 16 Massachusetts. 36 36 Michigan. 30 30 Minnesota. 24 24 Mississippi.. 12 20 Missouri._... 36 36 Montana*. 8 8 Nebraska. 16 16 Nevada. 6 6 New Hampshire*. 8 8 New Jersey.......... 28 28 New Mexico. 6 8 New York*. 87 90 North Carolina.. 21 21 North Dakota*... 10 10 Ohio*.......... 48 48 Oklahoma..... 20 20 Oregon*.. 10 10 Pennsylvania*. 76 76 Rhode Island... 10 10 South Carolina... 10 10 South Dakota*.. 10 10 Tennessee. 21 24 Texas. 26 40 Utah. 8 8 Vermont*. 8 8 Virginia. 15 24 Washington. 14 14 West Virginia*. 16 16 Wisconsin*. 26 26 Wyoming. 6 6 Alaska. 2 6 District of Columbia......... 2 6 Hawaii. _ 6 Philippines. — _ Porto Rico.. — 6 Total.... 385 1,088 TO AID THE UNEMPLOYED. Congress Will Probably Empower Secretary of Labor to Act. Unemployment and how to remedy it will be one of the subjects considered by congress at its present session. A probable outcome will be legislation Giving the secretory of labor broad powers to deal with the question. If he is given the powers it will, of course, be necessary to provide him with funds. Other plans have been suggested, in cluding the establishment of a bureau to deal with unemployment The plan favored by Secretary of Labor Wilson is to clothe bis department with au thority to take hold of unemployment and try to iind jobs for tile unem ployed. Generally speaking, the members of the house labor committee are favor aide to legislation which will solve the unemployment problem or make a be ginning at its solution. But there is much to learn about it, and that is a reason wh.v there is strong sentiment for giving the secretary of labor a good deal of latitude in order that he may evolve an organization which will ac tually find men jobs. Glass House For Monkey. C. F. Bishop of Lenox, Mass., has had n glass house built for winter quarters for his Pernambuco monkey. A con sort for the monkey will arrive later. VILLA FOUGHT HIS WAT TODJCTATOR From an Illiterate Bandit He Roseto Make Mexico Tremble. ESTEEMED BY POOR PEONS. One of the Most Noted Soldiers of For tune That His Country Has Eves Known, He Joined Forces With Whom He Pleased, Only to Be Hunt ed In the End as a Common Outlaw. General Francisco Villa, known as Panclio to Mexico's warring peons, who Is reported to have been captured by Carranza forces, has had a surpris ing career.. In four years he rose from •n illiterate bandit to the dictatorship of most of the country ruled before him by Spain, by Iturbide. Santa Anna, Diaz, Madero and Huerta. He has been outlaw, revolutionary man of destiny, reclaimer of the peons’ lands, possessor of the repub He’s chief executive power, dealer with foreign governments, discredited waget of civil war and outlaw again within that time. His real name was Doroteo Orango, or Arango. He was born in 1868 in the small mining town of Las Nieves, in the state of Durango. He stayed in the village until the death of his father, a meat dealer, for whom he herd cattle. Then he became the protector of his mother and sister against the bands of raiders, bandit and federal, that infested the state. Killed His Sister’s Abductor. The story is that, riding as a cow boy at this time, he returned to find the colonel of a regiment of Porfirio Diaz’s soldiers, which had visited the town, had carried off his sister. Villa pursued, caught them and enforced a marriage ceremony. Then he told his brother-in-law to cut his own grave, sign his own death certificate and shot him as he stood beside the mound of earth. He escaped the regiment, took to the mountains and gathered about him a small group of bandits having, like himself, a hardy mixture of Spanish and Indian blood. They successfully waged an irregular war of depredation upon the wealthy landowners of the state. The peons came to look upon him as their champion against the rich. At the outbreak of the Madero revolt against Diaz in 1910, Villa, uninjured, joined the forces of the idealist. Who later was murdered by Huerta. Madero did not fancy a follower of Villa’s type, but the latter forced himself into prominence by his daring and military cunning. Later, dissatisfied with Madero’s executive acts, Villa began a revolt of his own. Against him Madero sent General Huerta. Each despised the other. Huerta arrested Villa and had him condemned to death. This order countermanded by Madero, Villa was imprisoned in Mexico City, but soon escaped to Texas. Almost immediately he recrossed the Rio Grande with two companions, six horses, not purchased, $7 in money and a small supply of beans, sugar and coffee. Less than one year later he commanded a well-equipped army of almost 20,000, had a war chest of millions and within two years controlled most of northern Mexico. His star rose from this time. His forces were augmented by the overthrow of Madero in the City of Mexico by Huerta. He began to act in cooperation with the revolution started in February, 1913, by Venustiano Carranza in Coahuila. Early in 1914 he entered Ojinaga, several thousand federal, including many generals, fleeing across the border to be interned. Trouble With United States. The shooting, some say by Villa himself, of William S. Benton, an English ranchman, in this same month brought Villa into his first serious trouble with the United States government. His guilt in this was never officially established. With Huerta forced from Mexican control and the ascendancy of Carranza as first chief of the Constitutionalists, Villa began a new revolt in July, 1914. In September fighting between his forces and Carranzistas began in Sonora. A month later war was openly declared by the two factions. General Obregon, Carranza’s right-hand man, captured Puebla from Villa early in 1915. Carranza was again in control of Mexico City by July, from which he had been forced earlier in the year by Villistas and Zapatistas, and Villa’s power was limited to a small territory in the north. His last hope of holding sway in Mexico ended with the announcement that the United States would recognize the Carranza government as in control of the republic. Since then, Villa became the bitter enemy of this country, although it was announced once that he would retire. The killing of eighteen Americans in cold blood by Villistas recently led to imperative demands upon Carranza by Washington for Villa’s elimination, and the last weeks have seen him hunted, he never was before when outlawed, in northern Mexico. German Duck Killed in Oklahoma. A harlequin duck, on one leg of which is a metal tag bearing the words “22. Berlin Zoo,” was killed near Hearner, Okla. 