None
VALUES OF KERR'S CONSTANT.! Du Bois has shown that the rotation of the major axis of vibration of radiations normally reflected from a magnet is algebraically equal to the normal component of magnetization multiplied into a constant /C. He calls this con- stant, JC, Kerr's constant for the magnetized substance forming the magnet. Color of light. Spectrum line. Wave- length in cms. X io« Kerr's constant in minutes per c. g. s. unit of magnetization. Cobalt. Nickel. Iron. Magnetite. Red . .. Red . .. Yellow. Green. Blue. Violet. Li a D l> F G 67.7 62.0 58.9 517 48.6 431 —0.0208 — 0.0198 — 0.0193 — 0.0179 —0.0180 — 0.0182 —0.0173 — o.oi6o —0.0154 —0.0159 — 0.0163 —0.0175 — 0.0154 —0.0138 — 0.0130 —0.0 1 1 1 — 0.0 10 1 —0.0089 -|- 0.0096 4-O.OI20 +0.0133 +0.0072 +0.0026 * " Wied. Ann." vol. 35, p. 163. Smithsonian Tables. t H. E. J. G. Du Bois, " Phil. Mag." vol. 29. 292 Tables 312, 313. EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE ELECTRIC RE- SISTANCE OF BISMUTH.^ TABLE 312. — Resistance One Olim for Zero Field and Various Temperatures. This table gives the resistance to the flow of a steady electric current when conveyed across a magnetic field of the strength in c. g. s. units given in the first column if the wire has a resistance of one ohm at the temperature given at the top of the col- umn when the field is of zero strength. Temp. C.=:  2000 1.045 1.050 1.045 1.041 1.034 1.015 3000 1.088 1.094 1.084 1.074 I -055 1.032 4000 I-I35 I-I53 1. 131 1. 118 1.085 1.050 5000 I.I85 r.214 1.183 1. 156 1. 113 1.074 6000 1.240 1-273 1.242 1.202 1. 148 1. 100 7000 1.304 1.340 1.295 I-35S 1.258 1. 190 1. 127 8000 1-365 1.406 1.308 1.223 I.I54 9000 1.423 1.467 1-417 1-355 1.266 1. 182 1 0000 1.480 1-535 1.480 1.409 1.303 1.203 15000 1-743 1-875 1-785 1.665 1-505 1-343 20000 - 2.507 2.087 1.927 1-713 1.490 25000 - 2.846 2.393 2.193 I -93 1 1.804 30000 - - 2.704 - - - 35000 - - 3-031 - - - 40000 ~ ~ 3-369 ~ ~ - TABLE 313. —Resistance One Ohm for Zero Field and Temperature Zero Cen- tigrade. This table gives the resistance in different magnetic fields and at different temperatures of a wire, the resistance of which is one ohm at o° C, when the magnetic field is zero. The current is supposed to be steady and to flow across the field. Temp. C.=r 0° 10° 18° 30° 50° 80° Field. Resistance. 0000 1. 000 1-037 1.072 1. 115 1.200 1-332 1000 I.018 1.057 1. 09 1 1. 129 1.2T7 1.341 2000 '•°i^ 1.089 1. 118 1. 156 I.24I 1-352 3000 1.088 1. 134 1. 162 1. 198 1.266 1-375 4000 1. 135 1. 198 1. 210 1.246 1.302 1-397 5000 1.260 1.265 1.290 1-335 1.428 6000 1.240 1-323 1.327 1. 341 1-379 1.464 7000 1.304 1.392 1-385 1.404 1.428 1.500 8000 1-365 1.458 1-453 1.460 1.465 1-536 9000 1.423 1-523 i-5'5 1.509 1.520 1-573 1 0000 1.480 1.592 1-583 1-573 1.562 1.610 15000 1-743 1.946 1.907 1.860 1.805 1.784 20000 2.295 2.243 2.148 2.055 1.980 25000 ~ 2.645 2.560 2.445 2.320 2.157 • Calculated from the results of J. B, Henderson's experiments, " Phil. Mag.'' vol. 38, p. Smithsonian Tables. Table 314. SPECIFIC HEATS OF VARIOUS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS.* Solids. Substance. Temperature in degrees C. Specific heat. Authority. Alloys : Bell metal .. Brass, red " yellow 8oCu -|- 20 Sn 88.7CU + 11.3AI German silver ....... Lipowitz alloy : 24.97 Pb -|- io.i^ Cd + 50.66 Bi -\- 14.24 Sn ditto Rose's alloy : 27.5 Pb + 48.9 Bi + 23.6 Sn. ditto Wood's alloy : 25.85 Pb + 6.99 Cd + 52.43 Bi + 1473811 ditto (fluid) Miscellaneous alloys : 17.5 Sb + 29.9 Bi -f 18.7 Zn -f 33.9 Sn 37.1 Sb 4- 62.9 Pb . . . \ 39.9 Pb -f- 6o-i Bi ditto (fluid) 637 Pl>+ 36.3 Sn 46.7 Pb + 53.3 Sn 63.8 Bi + 36.2 Sn 46.9 Bi -f 53.1 Sn CdSn2 Basalt Calcspar Diamond Gas coal Glass, crown " flint " mirror Gneiss Granite Graphite 15-98 o o 14-98 20-100 O-IOO 5-50 100-150 —77-20 20-89 5-50 100-150 20-99 10-98 16-99 144-358 12-99 10-99 20-99 20-99 —77-20 20-100 16-48 —50-5 10.7 140.0 206.0 606.7 985 20-1040 10-50 10-50 10-50 — 19-20 17-213 O-IOO —50-3 10.8 138.5 201.6 641.9 977.0 16-1040 A M = A. M. Mayer. G & T = Gee & Terry. H W = H. F. Weber. L = Lorenz. P= Person. R W = R. Weber. 0.0858 .08991 .08831 .0862 .10432 .09464 •0345 .0426 •0356 •0552 •0352 .0426 •05657 .03880 •03165 .03500 .04073 .04507 .04001 .04504 •05537 .20-24 .206 .0635 .1128 .2218 •2733 .4408 •4589 •3H5 .161 .117 .186 .1726 •2143 .19-.20 .1138 .1604 •2542 .2966 •4450 .4670 R L u R Ln T M K H W H M R W J&B H W D References. B = Batelli. D = Dewar. E = Emo. H & D = De Heen & Deruyts. H M = H. Mever. J & B = Joly & Bartoli. K = Kopp. Ln = Luginin. M = Mazotto. Ma = Marignac. Pa = Pagliani. Pn = Pionchon. R = Regnault. r = H. Tomlinson. Th = Thomsen. W = Wachsmuth. * Condensed from more extensive tables given in Landolt and Bornstein's " Phys. Chem. Tab." Smithsonian Tables. 294 Table 314. SPECIFIC HEATS OF VARIOUS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. Substance. Temperature gpecific 1" U^^t Authority. degrees C. 259 Gypsum 16-46 0 K Ice -78-0 4627 R "......... —30-0 505 P " . . . . .. 2I-I 5017 " India rubber ( Para) } -100 481 G&T Marble, white 16-98 2158 R gray 23-98 2099 « Paraffin —20-3 3768 R W " ........ — 19-20 5251 a 0-20 6939 " " ........ 35-40 622 B fluid 60-63 712 '* Quartz 0 1735 Pn 350 <( 400-1200 305 Sulphur, cryst 17-45 163 K Vulcanite 20-100 3312 A M Liquids. Alcohol, ethyl — 20 0 5053 R " " 0 5475 " " " 40 6479 " methyl 5-10 5901 « a 15-10 6009 *' Benzene 10 40 3402 4233 H&D Ethyl ether 0 5290 R Glycerine. 15-50 576 E Oils, castor 434 W " citron 5-4 438 H W " olive. 6.6 471 " sesame - 387^ ^ W " turpentine 0 4106 R Petroleum 21-58 ^48 Pa CUSO4+ 50H2O 12-15 " +200H2O 12-14 951 + 400 H2O 13-17 975 ZnS04 + S0H.2O 20-52 842 Ma 4- 200 H2O 20-52 V^l " KOH + 3o'^20 18 876 Th + 200 H2O 18 975 NaOH 4- 50 H2O 18 942 " " + 100H2O 18 983 " NaCl + 10H2O 18 .791 " + 200 H2O 18 978 Sea water : density i .0043 17-5 .980 I .0235 (about normal) 17-5 .938 u u a J 0463 .... 17-5 903 References A M = A. M. Mayer. B = Batelli. D = Dewar. E = Emo. G & T = Gee & Terry. H & D = De Heen l Sc Deruyts. H M = H. Meyer. H W = H. F. Weber. J & B = Joly & Bart oli. K = Kopp. L = Lorenz. Ln = Luginin. M = Mazotto. Ma= Marignac. p = Person. Pa = Pagliani. P 1 = Pionchon. R = Regnault. R W = R. Weber. T = H. Tomlinson. T h = Thomsen. W == Wachsmuth. Smithsonian Tables. 295 Table 315. SPECIFIC HEAT OF METALS. Metal. Temperature in degrees C. Specific heat. 1 3 < Metal. Temperature in degrees C. Specific heat. 0 3 < R Aluminium .. 20 0.2135 N Manganese .. 14-97 O.1217 u 100 .2211 a Mercury : solid. —78 to —40 03192 " <( 200 300 .2306 .2401 « « <. 20-50 0 03312 03337 W N Antimony. 15 .04890 <( " 100 03284 " (( 100 200 300 •05031 .05198 .05366 « Nickel. 200 250 14-97 03235 03212 1 091 6 R Bismuth. 0 •03013 L n 100 1 1 283 Pn " 20-84 •0305 K « 300 14029 i( " fluid 280-380 •0363 P " C 12988 (( Cadmium. 21 •0551 N " 1484 " " 100 •0570 " u 1000 16075 " {( 200 300 •0594 .0617 i( Palladium O-IOO 0-1265 0592 0714 V Calcium. O-IOO .1804 B Platinum -78-20 03037 s Chromium (?) 22-51 •09975 K " O-IOO 0323 V Cobalt .. 9-97 .10674 R t< 0-784 0365 " <( 500 .14516 Pn « O-IOOO 0377 « « 1000 .204 " u 0-II77 0388 " Copper <( 0 50 17 100 200 .08988 .09166 .09244 .09422 .09634 L N (( Potassium. Silver. 1300 1400 lOoo -78.5-23 0-100 03854 03896 0559 Pt s B Gold 300 O-IOO .09846 .0316 V 23 100 05498 05663 N Iridium O-IOO •0323 " " 200 05877 " « 0-1400 .0401 " <( 300 .06091 (( Iron . .. 15 .1091 N " 800 076 Pn " 100 .1151 " " fluid 907-1100 0748 (( « 200 .1249 <» Sodium. -i-'.n 2830 S <( 300 •1376 u " 2934 R ". 500 .17645 Pn Tin .. —78-20 05416 S << 700 .32431 a (( 0 05368 L (( 720-1000 .218 u (( 50 05534 u " I 000- I 200 .19887 ^( « 75 05643 « Lead —78-1 1 15 100 .03065 •02993 .03108 R N " fluid « it 250-350 250 1 100 0637 05799 0758 p Pn " 200 .03244 " Zinc .. O-IOO 0935 B " fluid. 310 •03556 Sp " .. 18 0915 N « (( 360 .04096 " 190 0951 " Lithium 27-99 .9408 R " .. 200 0996 " Magnesium 0 .2456 L a 1 300 1040 - « 75 .2509 " 300-400 .122 LV. References. B = Bunsen. K = Kopj 3. L = Lorenz. LV = Le Verrier. N = Naccari. P = Person. Pn = Pioi \chon. Pt = Pouillet. R = Regnault. S = Schik. Sp = Spr ng. V = Violle. W = Winkelmann. * Condensed from Landolt and Bornstein's " Phys. Chem. Tab. Smithsonian Tables. 296 INDEX. Absorption of gases by liquids 125 of solar energy by the atmosphere 177 Acceleration, angular and linear, conversion factors for 17, 18 Activity, conversion factors for 19, 21 Aerodynamics ; data for the soaring of planes 109 data for wind pressure 108 Agonic lines 117 Air, specific heat of 223 thermometer 228, 229 Alcohol, density of 96-98 vapor pressure of 126, 225 Alloys, electric conductivity of 251-253 electric resistance of 251-253, 256, 257 density of 85 specific heat of 294 strength of 73 thermal conductivity of 197 thermoelectric power of 248, 249 Alternating currents, resistance of wires for. 258 Alums, indices of refraction for 180 Angles, conversion factors for 14 Aqueous solutions, boiling-points of 196 vapor, density of 155 pressure of 1 51-154 Arc spectrum, wave-lengths in 172 Areas, conversion factors for 11 Atmosphere, pressure of vapor in 157 Atomic weights 272 Barometer, correction for capillarity determination of heights by reduction to latitude 45° 122, reduction to sea level reduction to standard temperature Battery cells, composition and electromotive force of 246, Bismuth, electric resistance of, in magnetic field Boiling-point, of chemical elements of various inorganic compounds of various organic compounds of water, barometric height correspond- ing to of water, effect of dissolved salts on .... Brick, strength of British weights and measures, equivalents in metric Capacities, conversion factors for 12 Capacity, specific inductive 263-265 Capillarity, of aqueous solutions 128 correction of barometer for 1 24 of liquids as solidifying-point 129 of soap films 1 29 124 169 123 121 120 247 293 207 210 212 171 196 .70 PAGE Capillarity {continued). surface-tension of water and alcohol ... 128 various liquids 127 Carat, definition of 18 Cells, battery 246, 247 secondary 247 standard 247 Chemical elements, boiling and melting points of 207 Cobalt, Kerr's constants of 291 magnetic properties of 279 Coefficients, isotonic 150 of diffusion 147, 149 of friction 135 of thermal expansion 214-218 of viscosity 137, 146 Color scale, Newton and Reinold and Rucker 130 Combination, heat of 202 Combustion, heat of 201 Compressibility, of gases 79. 81 of liquids 82 of solids 83 Conducting power of alloys 251-253 Conductivities, molecular 260, 261 of electrolytes 259 thermal 197, 198 Contact, difference of potential 268 Conversion factor, definition of xviii Conversion factors for acceleration, angular. .18 acceleration, linear 17 activity 19? 21 angles 14 areas 11 capacities > 12 densities 23 electric deposition 24 electric displacement 25 electric potential 27 electric resistance 23 energy 20, 21 film tension 20, 22 force 17 heat, quantities of 24 intensity of magnetization 26 length II masses 13 moment of inertia 13 moment of momentum 16 momentum 16 magnetic moment 27 magnetization, intensity of 26 magnetization, surface density of 26 power i9» 21 resistance, electric 23 stress 19, 22 temperatures 25 tension, film or surface 20 298 INDEX. Conversion {continued). time, intervals of 14 velocities 15 volumes 12 work 20, 2 1 Critical temperature of gases 200 Crystals, cubic expansion of 216 elastic constants of 78 formulae for elasticity of 77 refractive indices of 187 Cubic expansion, gases. 218 liquids 217 solids 216 Cyclic magnetization, dissipation of energy in 280-283 Declination, magnetic 1 13-1 18 Densities, of air, values of ///760 162 alcohol 96-98 alloys and other solids 85 aqueous solutions 90 gases 89 liquids 88 mercury 95 metals 86 organic compounds 212 water 92-94 woods 87 Density, conversion factors for 23 Dew-points, table for calculating 158 Diamonds, unit of weight for 13 Dielectric strength 244, 245 Diffusion of gases and vapors 149 liquids and solutions 147 Dilution of solution, contraction due to .... 134 Dimension formulae (see also Units) xvii Dip, magnetic in Dynamic units, dimension formulae of xvii formulae for conversion of 2 Dynamical equivalent of thermal unit 219 Earth, miscellaneous data concerning 106 Elasticity, moduli of 74-78 Electric conductivity of alloys 251, 252 of metals 255 relation to thermal. .* 271 constants of wires 58-68, 254 displacement 25 potential, conversion factors for 27 resistance, conversion factors for 23 resistance, effect of elongation on 258 units, conversion factors for 3 units, dimension formulae xxv Electrochemical equivalents and atomic weights 272 of solutions 259 Electrolytes, conductivities of 259 Electrolytic deposition, conversion factors for. 24 Electromagnetic system of units xxix PJectromotive force of battery cells. 246, 247 Electrostatic system of units xxvi Electrostatic unit of electricity, ratio of, to electromagnetic 243 Elliptic integrals 43 Elongation, effect on resistance of wires. .258 Emissivity 234, 235 Energy, conversion factors for 20, 21 Equivalent, electrochemical. 299 Indices of refraction for alums {continued). quartz 186 rock salt 182 solutions of salts 188 sylvine 182 Inductance, mutual 42 Integrals, elliptic 43 Intensity, horizontal, of earth's magnetic field 112 total, of earth's magnetic field no Iron, elasticity and strength of 72 hysteresis in 280-283 magnetic properties of 274-283, 292 Isotonic coefiicients 1 50 Jewels, unit of weight for 13 Joule's equivalent 220 Kerr's constant, definition and table of 292 Kilogramme, definition of xvi Kundt's constants 291 definition of 291 Latent heat 204, 206 Least squares, various tables for 35, yj Legalization of practical electric units. . . .xxxiv Length, conversion factors for 1 1 Light, velocity of 176-243 rotation of plane of polarized 191 Linear expansion of chemical elements 214 of various substances 215 Liquids, absorption of gases by 125 compressibility and bulk moduli of 82 density of 88 magneto-optic rotation in 286, 287 magnetic susceptibility 292 refractive indices of 189 specific heat of 295 thermal conductivity of 197, 198 thermal expansion of 217 Lowering of freezing-point by salts 192 Magnetic field, effect of, in resistance of bis- muth 293 moment, conversion factors for 27 permeability 274-280 properties of cobalt, manganese steel, magnetite and nickel 279 properties of iron and steel 276 saturation values for steel 279 susceptibility of liquids and gases 292 units, conversion formulae for 3 dimension formulas for xxv Magnetism, conversion factors for surface density 26 terrestrial i lo-i 18 Magnetization, conversion factors for inten- sity of 26 Magnetite, Kerr's constant for 292 magnetic properties of 279 Magneto-optic rotation, general reference to 284 tables of 285-291 Masses, conversion factors for 13 Materials, strength of 70-73 Measurement, units of xv Mechanical equivalent of heat 220 Melting-points of chemical elements 207 of inorganic compounds 208 Melting-points {continued). of mixtures and alloys 211 of organic compounds. „ 212 Mercury, density of 86 electric resistance of 255, 256 index of refraction 181 specific heat of 225 strength of 70 Metals, density of 86 electric resistance of 254-258 specific heat of 296 thermal conductivity of 197 Metals and metallic oxides, indices of refrac- tion for 181 Metre, definition of xvi Metric weights and measures — equivalents in British 5 equivalents in United States 10 Mixtures, freezing 199 Moduli of elasticity 74-83 Molecular conductivities 261, 262 Moments of inertia, conversion factors for. . . 13 Moment of momentum, conversion factor for 16 Momentum, conversion factors for 13 Mutual inductance, table for calculating 42 Neutral-points, thermoelectric 249 Newton's rings and scale of colors 130 Nickel, Kerr's constants for 292 magnetic properties of 279 Ohm, various determinations of 262 Osmose and osmotic pressure 150 Pearls, unit of weight for 13 Peltier effect 250 Pendulum, length of seconds 104, 105 Permeability, magnetic 274-280 Photometric standards 176 Planets, miscellaneous data concerning 106 Poisson's ratio 76 Polarized light, rotation of the plane of .... 191 Potential, contact difference of 268 difference of, between metals in solu- tions 269 electric, conversion factors for 27 Pound, definition of xvi Power, conversion factors for 19, 21 Practical electrical units xxxiii Pressure, baroinetric, for different boiling- points of water 170, 171 critical, of gases 200 effect on radiation 236 of aqueous vapor 1 5 i-i 54 at low temperatures 1 56 in the atmosphere 1 57 of mercury column 119 osmotic 1 50 of vapors 126, 225-227 of wind 108 Probability, table for calculating 36 Quartz, fibres, strength of 70 refractive index of 186 Radiation, effect of pressure on 236 Relative humidity 161 300 INDEX. Resistance (see also Conductivity), electric. of alloys 251-253, 256, 257 of electrolytes 259 of glass and porcelain 270 of metals and metallic wires 254-257 of wires, effect of elongation on 258 Rigidity, modulus defined 74 of metals 74 variation of, with temperature 76 Rotation, magneto-optic 284-291 Saturation values, magnetic, for steel 279 Seconds pendulum, length of 104, 105 Secondary batteries 247 Sections of wires 44-54. 5^-68 Sheet metal, weight of 56, 57 Soaring of planes, data for 109 Solar constant 177 Solar spectrum, wave-length in 172 Solids, compressibility and bulk moduli of . . .83 density of , 85 magneto-optic rotation in 284 Solution, contraction produced by 1 31-134 Solutions, aqueous, boiling-points of 196 density of 90 magneto-optic rotation in 288-290 refractive indices for 188 specific heat of 224 Sound, velocity of, in air 99 in gases and liquids loi in solids 100 Specific electrical resistance, conversion fac- tors for 23, 254-256 Specific gravity (see also Density). of aqueous ethyl alcohol 96 methyl alcohol 97 of gases 89 Specific heat of air 223 of gases and vapors 224 of metals 296 of solids and liquids 294, 295 of water 223 of water, formulae for 222 Specific inductive capacity 263-265 viscosity, aqueous solutions 144 oils 137 water 1 36 Spectra, wave-lengths in arc and solar 172 Standard cells 247 wave-lengths of light 172 Standards, photometric 176 Steel, physical properties of 71 Steam, properties of saturated 237 Steinmetz, constants for hysteresis of 281 Stone, strength of , 70 thermal conductivity of 197 dielectric 244 Strength of materials 70-73 Stress, conversion factors for 19, 22 Surface-tension, constants of 128, 129 conversion factors for 20, 22 Sylvine, refractive index of 182 Temperature, conversion factors for 25 critical, of gases 200 Terrestrial magnetism, agonic lines 117 declination, data for maximum east at various stations 118 dip and its secular variation for differ- ent latitudes and longitudes iii Terrestrial magnetism {continued). horizontal intensity and its secular varia- tion for different latitudes and longi- tudes 112 secular variation of declination 1 13-1 16 Thermal conductivities 197, 198 relation to electrical 27 1 expansion, coefficients of 214-218 units, dynamic equivalent of 219 Thermoelectricity 248-250 Thermometer ; 228-233 air 228, 231 correction of, for mercury in stem 232 hydrogen 231 mercury in glass 229 zero change due to heating 229 zero, change of, with time 230 Timber, strength of 70 Time, unit of, defined xvii Times, conversion factors for 14 Transformers, permeability of iron in 274, 275, 280, 282 Units of measurement xv dimension formulae for dynamic xviii electric and magnetic xxv electromagnetic xxix electrostatic xxvi fundamental 2 heat xxiii practical, legalization of electric xxxiii ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic 243 United States weights and measures in metric 9 Vapor, density of aqueous 155 diffusion of 1 49 pressure of 1 26, 225-227 pressure of aqueous 1 51-154 values of 0.378 <f 160 pressure of, for aqueous solutions 194 refractive indices for 190 specific heats of 224 Vaporization, latent heat of 204 Velocity, angular and linear, conversion fac- tors for 15 of light 176, 243 of sound 99, loi Verdet's constants for alcoholic solution of salts 290 aqueous solutions of salts 287 gases 291 hydrochloric acid solutions of salts 290 liquids and solids 285-287 and Kundt's constants 292 Viscosity, coefiicient, definition of 136 coefficient of, for aqueous alcohol 137 for gases 1 46 for liquids 1 38 temperature effect on, for liquids 139 specific, for oils 137 for water 136 Volumes, conversion factors for 12 critical, of gases 200 Water, boiling-point for various barometric pressures 1 70, 1 7 1 density of 92-94 specific heat of 222, 223 INDEX. 301 Water {continued). thermal conductivity of 198 viscosity of 136 Wave-lengths of Fraunhofer lines 175 standard for arc and solar spectrum. ... 172 Weights and measures — British Imperial to Metric 7, 8 Metric to British Imperial 5, 6 Metric to United States 10 United States to Metric 9 Weights of sheet metal 56, 57 Weights of wires 44-54 Wind, pressure of Wire, gauges Woods, densities of Work, conversion factors for ..108 58-67 20, 21 Yard, definition of Young's moduli modulus, definition of. • XVl •75 •75 Zonal harmonics 40 I I' ' f. l-'i^. 