None
Specific Heat. 0.01603 62.37 1.0210 370 0.01829 54.66 1.053 30 0.01602 62.42 1.0104 380 0.01843 54.25 1.057 40 0.01602 62.43 1.0048 390 0.01857 53.84 1.062 50 0.01602 62.42 1.0015 400 0.0187 53.42 1.067 60 0.01603 62.37 0.9995 410 0.0189 52.99 1.072 70 0.01605 62.30 0.9982 420 0.0190 52.55 1.078 80 0.01607 62.22 0.9982 430 0.0192 52.11 1.083 90 0.01610 62.11 0.9971 440 0.0194  0.01625 61.55 0.9978 480 0.0201 49.7 1.114 140 0.01629 61.38 0.9984 490 0.0203 49.2 1.112 150 0.01634 61.20 0.9990 500 0.0205 48.7 1.130 160 0.01639 61.00 0.9998 510 0.0208 48.2 1.140 170 0.01645 60.80 1.0007 520 0.0210 47.6 1.151 180 0.01651 60.58 1.0017 530 0.0212 47.1 1.164 190 0.01657 60.36 1.0028 540 0.0215 46.5 1.181 200 0.01663 60.12 1.0039 550 0.0218 45.9 1.200 210 0.01677 59.88  59.37 1.0085 580 0.0227 44.0 1.281 240 0.01692 59.11 1.0104 590 0.0231 43.3 1.318 250 0.01700 58.83 1.0125 600 0.0235 42.6 1.362 260 0.01708 58.55 1.0148 610 0.024 41.8 1.4I5 270 0.01716 58.26 1.0173 620 0.024 41.0 1.479 280 0.01725 57.96 1.020 630 0.025 40.2 1.559 290 0.01735 57.65 1.023 640 0.026 38.2 1.793 310 0.01755  55.85 1.040 690 0.031  0.24380 Superheated steam 4805 Carbonic acid 0.217 Olefiant gas 0.214 (ethylene) 0.404 Carbonic oxide 0.2479 Ammonia. 508 Ether 0.4797 Alcohol 0.4534 Acetic acid 0.4125 Chloroform 0.1567 Constant Volume. 0.16847 0.15507 2.41226 0.17273 0.346 0.171 0.332 0.1758 0.299 0.3411 0.399 In addition to the above, the following are given by other authorities. (Selected from various sources.) TABLE 6 SPECIFIC HEATS OF METALS Platinum, 32° to 46° F 0.0333 (Increased 0.000305 for each 100° F.) Cadmium. 0567 Brass. 0939 Copper, 32° to 212° F 0.094 32° to 572° F 0.1013 Zinc, 32° to 212° F 0.0927 32° to 572° F 0.1015 Nickel 0. 1086 Aluminum, 0° F. to melting-point (A. E. Hunt) 0.2185 Wrought iron (Petit and Dulong) 32° to 212° F 0.1098 32° to 392° O.115 32° to 572° F 0.1015 32° to 572° F 0.1015 32° to 572° F 0.1015 Zinc 0. 1086 Aluminum, 0° F. to melting-point (A. E. Hunt) 0.2185 Wrought iron (Petit and Dulong) 32° to 212° F 0.1098 32° to 392° F 0.115 32° to 572° F 0.1015 Zinc 0. 1086 Aluminum, 0° F. to melting-point (A. E. Hunt) 0.2185 Wrought iron (Petit and Dulong) 32° to 212° F 0.1098 32° to 392° F 0.115 32° to 572° F 0.1015 Zinc 0. 1086 Aluminum, 0 1218 32° to 662° 0.1255 Iron at high temperatures. (Pionchon, Comptes Rendiis, 1887) 1382° to 1832° F 0.213 1749° to 1843° F 0.218 1922° to 2192 F 0.199 Dr.-Ing. p. Oberhoffler, in Zeit, des Vereines Deuischer Inge nieure (Eng, Digest, Sept., 1908), describes some experiments on the specific heat of nearly pure iron. The following mean specific heats were obtained. Temp. F. 500 Sp. Ht. 0.1228 Temp F. 1 500 Sp. Ht. 0.1698 600 0.1266 1800 0.1682 800 0.1324 2100 0.1667 1000 0.1388 2400 0.1662 The specific heat increases steadily between 500 and 1200 F. Then it increases rapidly to 1400, after which it remains nearly constant. TABLE 7 SPECIFIC HEATS OF OTHER SOLIDS Brickwork and masonry, about... 20 Marble 0.210 Chalk 0.215 Quicklime 0.217 Magnesian limestone 0.217 Silica 0.191 Corundum. 1 98 Stones generally. 2 to. 22 Coal 0.20 to 0.241 Coke 0.203 Graphite 0.202 Sulphate of lime 0.197 Magnesia 0.222 Soda 0.231 Quartz. 1 88 River sand 0.195 256 APPENDIX TABLES SPECIFIC HEATS OF WOODS Oven dried, 20 varieties, specific heat nearly the same for all, average 0.327. (U. S. Forest Service, 1911.) TABLE 9 SPECIFIC HEATS OF LIQUIDS Alcohol, density 0.793 0.622 Sulphuric acid, density 1.87 0.335 1.30 0.661 Hydrochloric acid 0.600 Oveoil 0.310 Benzine. 393 Turpentine, density 0.872 0.472 Bromine 1. 1 1 1 TABLE 10 SPECIFIC HEATS OF GASES At Constant Pressure. Sulphurous acid 0.1 553 Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas (CH«) 0.5929 Blast-furcace gases. 2277 TABLE 11 TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEAT OF GASES At Constant Pressure. Sulphurous acid 0.1 553 Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas (CH«) 0.5929 Blast-furcace gases. 2277 TABLE 11 TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEAT OF GASES At Constant Pressure. Sulphurous acid 0.1 553 Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas (CH«) 0.5929 Blast-furcace gases. 2277 TABLE 11 TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEAT OF GASES At Constant Pressure. Sulphurous acid 0.1 553 Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas (CH«) 0.5929 Blast-furcace gases. 2277 TABLE 11 TABLE OF SPECIFIC HEAT OF GASES At Constant Pressure. Sulphurous acid 0.1 553 Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas ( USTION REFERRED TO THE PROPORTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE At Constant Volume. 0.1246 0.4683 Proportion of Carbon Dioxide Specific Heat. Proportion of Carbon Dioxide Specific Heat. 5 per cent 0.312 6 7 8 9 10 n n (( tt 0.314 0.315 0.316 0.317 0.318 11 per cent 0.319 12 " 0.320 13 " 0.321 14 " 0.322 16 " 0.323 HEAT OF COMBUSTION 257 TABLE 12 HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF SUBSTANCES Crystallized carbon to COs •♦ to CO.. Amorphous carbon to CO. " to CO. Graphite to COj.... Petroleum coke to COj.... Gas coke to CO2 Carbon vapor to COi Coal (pure and dry) Lignite (pure and dry) Beech charcoal Soft charcoal Cellulose Soft resinous wood Hard wood Peat Cane sugar Asphalt Pitch Naphthalin Paraffin Tallow Sulphur Petroleum Schist-oil Heavy coal gas oil Cotton oil Rape oil Olive oil Sperm oil Hydrogen Carbon monoxide Marsh gas Defiant gas Acetylene Carbon vapor (diamond).. Coal gas Petroleum gas Air producer gas Water gas Mixed gas Calories. 7,859 2,405 8,137 2,489 7,901 8,017 8,047 11,328 7800-9000 6000-7000 7,140 7,071 4,200 5,050 4,750 5,940 3,961 9,532 8,400 9,690 11,000 9,500 2,500 9600-11,000 9,000-10,000 8,900 9,500 9,489 9,473 10,000 34,500 2,435 13,343 12,182 12,142 11,134 4440-7370 10,800 773-1370 2350-3032 1015-1548 B.T.U. 14,146 4,329 14,647 4,480 14,222 14,503 14,503 14,485 20,390 14  7,130 17,159 15,120 16,842 19,800 17,100 4,500 17,280-19,800 16,020 17,100 17,100 17,100 18,000 62,100 4,383 24,017 21,898 21,856 20,041 7,990-12,266 19,440 1391-2466 4230-5458 1827-2786 Berthelot Mahler Favre and Silbermann Calculated Various Schwackhdfer Berthelot Gottlieb Bainbridge Berthelot Slosson and Colburn Anonymous Berthelot Mahler Stohmann Berthelot Various Ste. Claire Deville Anonymous Stohmann Gibson Berthelot Various St. Claire Deville Anonymous Stohmann Gibson Berthelot Various Various The heating value of methane, CH4, if calculated according to its composition by the formula 8080C+34,462H, using Favre and Silbermann's figures, is 14,675 Centigrade heat-units, instead of 13,063, the value determined by a calorimeter, a difference of 1612 heat-units. The calculated heating value of ethylene, C2H4, is 11,849, and that of benzole gas, C4H4, is 10,109 heat-units, differing respectively from the calorimetric values only 9 and 7 heat-units. APPENDIX TABLE 13 SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WEIGHT OF GASES AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND 32 DEG. FAHR Air Oxygen, O Hydrogen, H Nitrogen, N Carbon monoxide, CO... Carbon dioxide, CO... Methane, marsh-gas, CH4 Ethylene, C4H4 Acetylene, C4H4 Ammonia, NHs Water vapor, H4O Sulphur dioxide, H4O Density, Air -I. 1.0000 1.1052 0.0692 0.9701 0.9671 1.5197 0.5530 0.9674 0.8982 0.5889 0.6218 2.213 Density, H-l. 14.444 15.963 1.000 14.012 13.968 21.950 7.987 13.973 12.973 8.506 8.981 31.965 Grams per Liter. 1.2931 1.4291 0.0895 1.2544 1.2505 1.9650 0.7150 1.2510 1.1614 0.7615 0.8041  and HjO Sulphur to SOi ("Chemical Reaction. C-l-20 C+O CO+O 2H-I-0 CH4+40 S+20 CO. CO (JOj HtO C02+2HjO SOs Pounds Pounds Air per N « Pound Pound Fuel. 3.22x0 -4.32 xo. IV % 8.85 11.52 1 Vi 4.43 5.76 V7 1.90 2.47 8 26.56 34.56 4 13.28 17.28 1 3.32 4.32 Gaseous Product per Pound. 12.52 6.76 3.47 35.56 18.28 5.32 TABLE 15 VOLUME OF OXYGEN TO FORM WATER WITH THE HYDROGEN OF COAL Per Cent of Hydrogen. Literr of Oxygen per Kg. of Coal. Cubic Feet of Oxygen per Lb. of Coal. Per Cent of Hydrogen. Liters of Oxygen per Kg. Coal. Cubic Feet of Oxygen per Lb. of Coal. 1 2 3 5 5 55.9 112 168 223 279 0.896 1.792 2.699 3.585 4.481 6 7 8 9 335 391 446 502 5.397 6.283 7.170 8.096 BOILER TESTS 259 TABLE 16 IGNITION POINT OF GASES (Mayer and Mttnch) » Marsh gas, CH4 667° C. 1233° F. Ethane, C2H6 616 1141 Propane, C3H8 547 1017 Acetylene, C2H2 580 1076 Propylene, C3H6 504 939 1 Berichte der deutschen Chemische Gesellschaft, xxvi, 2421. TABLE 17 ELATION BY WEIGHT AND VOLUME OF THE COMPONENTS OF AIR Air contains by volume: Nitrogen 78.35 Oxygen 20.77 Aqueous vapor 0.84 Carbon dioxide 0.04 100.00 Deducting the carbonic acid and aqueous vapor, we have: Nitrogen By volume: 79.04 By weight: 76.83 Oxygen " " 20.96 " " 23.17 100.00 100.00 Ratio of nitrogen to oxygen: N N By volume, = 3.771. By weight, = 3.32. Ratio of air to oxygen: A.ir All By volume, -^ = 4.771 By weight, -^ = 4.315. Ratio of air to nitrogen: All* AiT By volume, -^ = 1.265. By weight, -^ = 1.302. Conversion of Temperatures, A handy rule for transforming Centigrade to Fahrenheit degrees is: Double the Centigrade degrees, subtract 10 percent and add 32. Example: Find the Fahrenheit temperature corresponding to 320 degrees Cent. (2X320) -64+32 =608. To transform Fahrenheit degrees to Centigrade: Subtract 32 and divide by 1.80. Example: Find the Centigrade temperature corresponding to 500 degrees Cent. (500-32) -5-1.80=260. APPENDIX TABLE 18 TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE (By Dr. Leonard Waldo) Reprint from Metallurgical and Chemical information. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 -200 -0 :!5S F ~A ~22 F -4 '•n F -454 -274 -94 F -292 -112 F -310 -130 32 50 68 86 104 140 158 176 194 20 600 900 In 752 1292 1652 230 tz 9S( ii 96 150 1688 26. 806 1345 1706 284 824 1544 (724 ii 842 ii 501 B6C 140f 69( 1238 1778 356 ','.t 896 1076 1436 374 554 914 1274 1634 1814 1000 ISJ2 1850 1868 1886 1922 1940 1958 1975 1994 HOC 1400 1600 190( 2012 2192 E M 2J90 2930 329C 2048 2228 240S 2588 ilf. 3066 260 2966 3506 2084 2624 2804 2984 3524 2462 336 1 266 556 2138 2498 3038 11 2876 5236 34U 2354 289. 3254 2000 3632 3650 3668 3722 3740 3776 3794 2101 100 2)o<: 2600 S )992 4010 402e 4852 4115 556 4852 4910 4928 50721 5090 5108 12W| 5270 5288 3866 4226 4766 4946 3884 4244 4604 4784 4964 5144 462 392C 4820 5360 4299 4838 1 4136 ii 4154 4334 4694 4874 523^ JOOO 5432. S450| 5468 5486i 5504 SS22 5540 5576 5594 JJOO liO( 3600 )»0. 5612 5630' 5648 5792 5810' 5828 597 2 5990 6008 6157 6170 6188 6332 6550i 6J6« 6692' 6701 6728 5666^ 5684 60261 6044 62061 6224 6386 6404 6566 6584 6926 6944 6422 6602 6962 5900 50B0 64411 6620 6980 7160 6098 2 7r7e 6476 6656 7016 6134 6494 6674 ii c. 0\ 10 20. 30 40 50! 60 " " 10 i".78 < ."-18 r.7i 47. C = 244- • F. H2*.6 F, = 48. C 367° 10. s 12.6 16.2 15.0 INDEX Acetylene, calorific value of, 257 Air, composition of, 259 required for combustion, 231 required for combustion of coal, 170 required for combustion of oil, 139 Alexejew calorimeter, 21 Am. Soc. M. E. boiler test code, 217 Analyses of coal, 176 Analysis of coal, proximate, 222 Analysis of flue gases, 229 Andrews calorimeter, 34 Anemometer, Fletcher, 207 Astières, sampling, 221 Asphalt, calorific value of, 146 Atwater calorimeter, 56 Bagasse, heating value of, 127 Barrus calorimeter, 28 Benzene, 132 Benzole gas, calorific value of, 257 Berthelot calorimetric bomb, 35 Bitumen, calorific value of, 146 Blast furnace gas, 168 Blank differential draft gage, 212 Boiler efficiency, 230, 242 test code, A. S. M. E., 217 Boner tests, 175, 217 calculation of results, 229 data and results of, 232 rules for conducting, 225 starting and stopping, 242 Boilers, distribution of the heat of coal burned under, 183 heat in the steam of, 183 Bomb-calorimeter, Mahler, 43 Walther-Hempel, 59 Bomb, calorimetric, 35 British thermal unit, definition of, 2 Bunsen calorimeter, 61 Cal Olive, definition, of, 2 Calorific power, 2 Calorific value of acetylene, 257 American coals, 66, 72 American oils, 137, 144 Asphalt, 146 Australian coal, 87 Austrian coal, 87 bagasse, 127 benzole gas, 257 bitumen, 146 British coal, 96 cellulose, 257 Chilian coal, 88 Chinese coal, 97 coal calculated from its ultimate analysis, 180 coal, comparison of actual and calculated, 85 coke, 115, 118, 119 coke breeze, 120 coke oven gas, 168 coffee refuse, 102 cotton oil, 257 denatured alcohol, 142 ethylene, 257 foreign oils, 145 French coal, 89 gas-coal, 115 gas-ohne, 141 German coal, 90 Hungarian coal, 87 hydrogen, 257 illuminating gas, 151, 152, 153 kerosene, 141 Calorific value of lignite, 103, 106 marsh gas, 257 methane, 257 Mexican oil, 138 natural gas, 163-167 New Caledonian coal, 97 New Zealand coal, 97 olefiant gas, 257 olive oil, 257 Ontario coal, 97 paraffin, 257. Approximate heating value of different grades of, 179 Coal, Australian, heating value of, 87 Austrian, heating value of, 87 British, heating value of, 96 calculation of heating value from ultimate analysis, 180 calorific power of when burned under a steam boiler, 175 calorimetry of, 61 Chilian, heating value of, 88 Chinese, heating value of, 97 classification of American, 66, 82 classification of, Gruner's, 67 combustion of, 170 determination of moisture in, 240 difference between actual and calculated heating value of, 85 distribution of the heat of in boilers, 183 effect of moisture on heating value of, 185 foreign, heating value of, 86 German, heating value of, 89 gas, 149, 153 gas, heating value of, 115 German, heating value of, 90 heat of combustion of, from analysis, 231 heating value of constituents of, 177 Hungarian, heating value of, 87 loss of heating effect by formation of carbon monoxide, 187 loss of heating effect due to unburned combustible gases, 191 loss of heating effect in soot, 187 methods of burning, 180 New Caledonian, heating value of, 97 Nova Scotia, heating value of, 97 Ontario, heating value of, 97 oxygen required to form water with hydrogen of, 258 proximate analysis of, 222 Russian, heating value of, 98 sampling and drying, 220 Scotch, heating value of, 99 sizes of bituminous Coal, Spanish, heating value of, 99 Coke, 114 American, heating value of, 117 and coal, relative heating value of, 115 breeze, 120 English, heating value of, 118 French, heating value of, 118 German, heating value of, 119 heating value of, 115 New South Wales, heating value of, 118 oven gas, 168 peat, 110 Colliery refuse, heating value of, 102 Colza oil, calorimetry of, 49 CO2 Recorders, 200 Combustion, air required for, 231, 258 analysis and measurement of products of, 193 heat of, 2 heat of, of coal by analysis, 231 heat of, of various substances, 257 incomplete, loss due to, 191 of carbon, 155 of coal, 170 of fuel containing hydrogen, 155 of lignite, 104 of liquid fuel, 135, 139 specific heat of gaseous products of, 256 Constant-pressure calorimeters, 34 Corrections for thermometer readings of calorimeter, 13 Cotton oil, calorific value of, 257 D Denatured alcohol, 142 Dieterici's calorimeter, 63 Draft gages, 208, 219 E Efficiency, boiler, 230, 242 furnace, 237 Ellison differential draft gage, 212 Equivalent evaporation, 230 Ethylene, calorific value of,  Silbermann calorimeter, 18 Fischer calorimeter, 22 Fletcher anemometer, 207 Flue gases, analysis of, 229 Heat lost in, 184 sampling, 222, 242 Fuel, gaseous, 147 Fuel, fluid. Furnace efficiency, 237 Gages, draft, 219 pressing, 219 Gas analysis, 198 analysis, Orsat apparatus, 199 analysis, Hempel apparatus, 200 as boiler fuel, 148 blast furnace, 168 calorimetry of, 52 coal, 149, 153 coke oven, 168 generator, 152 illuminating, 148, 151, 153 marsh, calorific value of, 257 mixed, U56 natural, 162. See also Natural gas. oil, 165 olcfiant, calorific value of, 257 petroelum, calorific value of, 257 producer, 154, 158, 160 producer, from lignite, 105 sampler, 193 sampler, A.S.M.E., 196 sampler, Jones, 196 water, 156 Gas-coal, heating value of, 115 Gaseous fuels, 147 products of combustion, specific heat of, 256 Gases, flue, analysis of, 229 flue, sampling 222, 242 Gases, heat of combustion of steam analysis, 148 ignition point of, 259 specific gravity of, 259 weight of, 259 Gasoline, 132, 141 Gruner's classification of coal, 67 Hartley and Junker calorimeter, 29 Heat balance, 230, 238 lost in formation of steam in burning coal, 186 lost in waste gases, 184 Heat of combustion, 2 calculation of from quantity of oxygen used, of benzole gas, 257 of carbon, 40 of coal by analysis, 231 of ethylene, 257 of gases determined from analysis, 148 of methane, 257 of substances in oxygen, 4 Heat, specific. See Specific heat. Heating Value, 2 of Acetylene, 257 African coal, 87 American coal, 66, 72 American coke, 117 American coke, 117 American peat, 111 asphalt, 146 Australian coal, 87 Austrian coal, 87 bagasse, 127 bitumen, 146 blast furnace gas, 168 British coal, 96 Cahf omia crude oil, 137 cellulose, 257 Chilian coal, 88 Chinese coal, 97 coal, actual and calculated, 85 Heating value of coal calculated from its ultimate analysis, 180 coke, 115, 118 coke breeze, 120 coke oven gas, 168 colliery refuse, 102 constituents of coal, 176 cotton oil, 257 denatured alcohol, 142 European coal gas, 153 foreign coal, 86 foreign oils, 145 French coke, 118 gas-coal. Gasoline, 141 German coal, 90 German coke, 119 Hungarian coal, 87 hydrogen, 257 illuminating gas, 151, 152, 153 kerosene, 141 lignite, 103, 106 marsh gas, 257 Mexican crude oil, 138 natural gas, 163-167 New Caledonian coal, 97 New South Wales coke, 118 New Zealand coal, 101 Nova Scotia coal, 97 olefiant gas, 257 Olive oil, 257 Ontario coal, 97 paraffin, 257 peat, 107, 111, 113 petroleum, 257 petroleum gas, 257 producer gas, 156, 160 oil, 257 Russian coal, 98 schist-oil, 257 Scotch coal, 99 Spanish coal, 99 sperm oil, 257 straw, 125 sugar cane, 257 sulphur, 257 Heating value of tallow, 257 tan-bark, 129 tar, 142 water gas, 160 wood, 123, 126 Hempel calorimeter, 58 gas analysis apparatus, 200 Hermann calorimeter, 60 Herschel calorimeter, 61 Him's method of draft determination, 208 Hydrogen, calorific value of, 257 calorimetry, of substances containing, 54 combustion of fuel containing, 155 Ice calorimeter, 60 Ignition point of gases, 261 Illuminating gas, heat of combustion  Lewis Thompson, calorimeter, 32 Lignite, 102 American, 105 Austrian, 104 Bohemian, 104 combustion of, 104 European, heating value of, 106 German, 104 producer gas from, 105 Scotch, 104 Texas, 103 Liquid fuel, 130 advantages of, 134 combustion of, 135, 139 relative calorific values of, 135 Liquids, specific heat of, 255, 256 Mahan bomb calorimeter, 43 Marsh gas calorific value of, 257 Mean calorie, 2 Metals, specific heat of, 255 Methane, calorific value of, 257 Moisture, effect of on heating value of coal, 185 in coal, determination of, 240 in steam, determination of, 241 Naphthalin, use of in calorimetry, 53 analyses of Indiana, 162 analyses of Pittsburgh, 163, 164 calorific value of, 163-167 calorific value of compared with coal, 163 Oil, air required for combustion of, 139 California crude, 136 calorific power of American, 144 Colza, calorimeter of, 49 cotton, heat of combustion of, 257 foreign, calorific value of, 145 fuel, specifications for purchase of, 140 gas, 165 Mexican crude, 138 olive, calorific Value of, 257 Rrape calorific value of, 257 residuum, 133 schist, calorific value of, 257 sperm, calorific value of, 257 defiant gas, calorific value of, 257 Olive oil, calorific value of, 257 Orsat gas analysis apparatus, 199 Oxygen required to form water with hydrogen of coal, 258 Peat, 107 American, heating value of. Thermometers, 9, 219 Thomsen calorimeter, 23 Thompson, W., calorimeter, 27 U Uehling CO2 recorder, 201 pyrometer, 206 triple draft gage, 214 V Von Than calorimeter, 62 W Walther-Hempel calorimeter bomb, 59 Wartha calorimeter, 62 Waste gases, determination of vol- ume of, 207 heat lost in, 184 temperature of, 205 Water gas, 156 gas, calorific value of, 160 value of calorimeter, 12 weight and specific heat of, 254 Weight of gases, 259 Witz calorimeter, 69 Wood, 122 analyses of, 122 charcoal, 120 heating value of, 123-126 refuse, 125 relative heating value of, 124 specific heat of, 256 >c>. 