None
of , 929, 1181 preparation of, 927 reduction of, 929 union with oxygen, 1181 Haemoglobin-crystals, 928 Hsemoglobinometer, 966, 968 Hsemolysins, 1159 Haemolysis, 25, 141, 926, 943, 1131, 1159 Haemolytic sera, 1159 Haemopyrrol, 936 Haemorrhage, 1131 Head on cutaneous sensibility, 552 Head's diaphragm slip, 1215 Hearing, telephone theory, 577 Helmholtz's theory, 576 physiology of, 569 Rutherford's theory, 577 Waller's theory, 577 1406 INDEX Hearing, end-organ of, 573 Heart, action of sympathetic nerves on, 1094 action of vagus, 1089 changes in form, 1017 diastolic filling, 1024 effect of calcium on, 1080, 1093 potassium on, 1080, 1093 muscarine on, 1069 nicotine on, 1062, 1092 electrical variations, 259 frog's, automatic contraction, 1058 human, electrocardiogram of, 1069 influence of temperature on rate of, 1079 inhibition of, 1090 intracoronary pressure, 1085 mammalian, ganglion-cells in, 1068 mechanism of, 1004-1033 nerve fibres in, 1064 nutrition of, 1084 primitive vertebrate, 1070 rate in exercise, 1100 reflexes, 1095 rhythm, reversal of, 1071 sounds, 1020 graphic record of, 1022 systolic output, 1026-1031 theories of inhibition of, 1093 work of, 1031-1033 Heart-beat, causation of, 1057-1086 contraction wave, 1066-1068 electrometer records of, 1066 in mammals, 1068-1073 myogenic hypothesis, 1059 neurogenic hypothesis, 1058 propagation of contraction in, 1062 significance of carbon dioxide for, 1083 Heart-block, 1072 Heart-fibrillation, 1085 Heart-lung preparation, Starling's me- thod, 1027, 1028 Heart-muscle, ' all or none ' pheno- menon, 1074 excitation of, 1074 influence of tension on, 1077 of chemical substances on, 1079 physiological properties of, 1074- 1077 refractory period of, 1075 summation of stimuli in, 1075 Heart-musculature, 1005 Heat-coagulation, 167 Heat-engines, efficiency of, 263 Heat-loss, regulation of, 1313 production in body, 1310 in muscle, 246 regulation, nervous mechanism of, 1316 in new-born, 1316 rigor, 233, 239 sensations, conduction in cord, 404 sexual, in animals, 1371 spots, 543 values of food-stuffs, 694 Heats of combusition, 174 Heller's test, 106, 1253 Helmholtz resonators, 565 side wire, 211 Helweg's bundle, 399 Hemiansesthesia, 503 Hemianopia, 460, 505 Hemiplegia, 503 Henle's loop, 1265 Hensen's disc, 203 Heredity, 1356-1360 basis of, 21 Bering's theory of colour-vision, 646 Herpes zoster, causation of, 1124 Heteroalbumose, 111 Heterocyclic amino -acids, 94 Heterotype mitosis, 1350 Hexachromic vision, 648 Hexone bases, 92 Hexoses, 67 classification of, 67 derivatives of, 70 reactions of, 68 Hind-brain, 408, 412^20 Hippocampal commissure, 482 Hippocampus, 473 Hippuric acid, 870, 1250 Hirudinised blood, 948, 958 His' bundle, 1006, 1072 Histidine, 95, 101, 115 fate of, 873 Histological differentiation, 7, 35 localisation in cortex, 488 Histones, 102, 107, 112 Hoffmann's test, 94 Hopkins' test for lactic acid, 241 for tryptophane, 104 Hopkins -Adamkiewicz reaction-, 104 Homogentisic acid, 55, 870, 125(5 Homoiothermic animals, 1308 Hormones, genital, 1362 mammary, 1362 nature of, 1319 pancreatic, 797 Horopter, 656 Hiifner's method for urea estimation, 1259 Human stomac , form and movements, 783 Hurthle's manometer, 1010 Hyaline corpuscles, 918 Hyaloid membrane, 604 Hyaloplasm, 19 Hydrsemic plethora, 1129 effect on volume of urine, 1275 Hydrated proteins, 109 Hydrazones, 68 Hydrocarbons, 49 unsaturated, 50 Hydrocele fluid, 959 Hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, 767, 768 Hydrogels, 79, 155 Hydrogen, ±2 Hydrogen ion concentration, determina- tion of, 1190 Hydrolysis, 171 INDEX 1407 Hydrolysis of casein, 89 of proteins, 83, 89, 109 Hydroquinone, 55 Hydrosols, 154 osmotic pressure of, 158 properties of, 157, 160 Hyperglycsemia, 911 Hypermetropia, 595 Hyperpnoea, 1204 Hypoblast, 36 Hypogastric nerves, action on bladder, Ii96 Hypogastric reflex, 530 Hypoglossal nucleus, 426, 469 Hypoxanthine, 114, 878 IDENTICAL points in retina, 656 Idiopathic epilepsy, 497 Ileocolic sphincter, 822 Illusions of size, 661 Image, size of, 589 Imbibition by colloids, 168 relation to constitution, 169 tenacity of, 168 pressure, 168 Iminazol, 115 ring, 95 synthesis of, 130 Iminazol-alanine, 95 Immunity, 1152-1161 Impregnation, nervous mechanism of, 1373 Incisura angularis, 783 Incus, 571 Indican, of urine, 1251 Indigo as catalyser, 179 Indigo - carmine, excretion by kidney, 1281 Indirect vision, 627 Indol, fate of, 870 Induced currents, 210, 211 Inductorium, 210, 211 Infection, cellular defence against, 1143- 1151 chemical defence against, 1152- 1161 Inferior cervical ganglion, 520 mesenteric ganglion, 522 oblique muscle, 653 peduncles of cerebellum, 414, 415, 417 Inflammation, 921, 1146 Infundibula, 1163 Infundibulum in brain, 422 Inhibition, 28, 344, 383 GaskelPs theory of, 1093 of heart, nature of, 1093 in peripheral ganglia, 531 Injury, effect of, on nerve, 309 Injury-current, 189, 252 Inner cell-lamina of cortex, 484 fibre-lamina of cortex, 483 line of Baillarger, 486 Inogen, 244 Inorganic food-stuffs, 724 Inosinic acid, 874, 876 Inosit, 239 Inotropic effect of vagus excitation, 1091 Instrumental inertia, 220, 1044 Insular lobe, 473 Intercostal muscles, action of, 1167 Internal capsule, 412, 424, 475, 479 ear, 573 respiration, 1162 restiform body, 416 secretions, 1317-1337 Intestine, absorption in, 826 law of, 819 movements of, 817-825 pendular movements of, 817, 818 Intestinal fistula, 808 juice, 807 characters of, 810 secretion of, 809 Intima of artery, 981 Intra- auricular pressure, 1014 Intra-molecular oxygen, 27, 244 Intra-ocular fluid, 666 pressure, 605, 665 pressure and blood-pressure, 667 Intra -thoracic pressure, 1169 Intra-ventricular pressure curve, 1013 Intra -vesical pressure, 1293 Intra-vitam staining, 25 Inulin, 76 Inversion, 74, 178 Invertase, 74 of intestinal juice, 811 Invert sugar, 74 Iodine, 48 in thyroid gland, 1329 number of fats, 61 lodothyrin, 1329 lonisation, 142 Ions, 189 velocity of transport, 192 Iris, 604 functions of, 612 as diaphragm, 597 local stimulation of, 618 nerve-supply, 616, 618 Irradiation, 383 Irreciprocal conduction, 310, 340 Iron, 46, 81 excretion of, 47 in large intestine, 815 in haemoglobin, 81 in liver, 943 Island of Keil, 475, 478 Islets of Langerhans, origin of, 801 Bensley's views, 802 Isoamylamine, 173 Isodynamic foodstuffs, 707 Isoleucine, 91 Isomaltose, 185, 187 Isometric contraction, heat of, 250 of heart, 1078 lever, 220, 221 Isosmotic solutions, 146 Isotonic lever, 221 solutions, 925 Isotropous substance, 203 1408 INDEX JACKSONIAN epilepsy, 493, 497 Jaffe's test, 1247 Joints, sensibility of, 671 Jugular ganglion, 528 KARYOKINESIS, see Mitosis Karyosome, 17, 34 Keith-Flack node, 1072 Keratin, composition of, 100, 119 Keratins, 95, 119 * Kernleiter ' model, 316, 319 Keto-acids, 53 origin of, 861 a-ketonic acids, 172 Ketoses, 65 Key, kick-over, 218 Keys, 208 Kidney, adaptability of, 1286 cells, structure of, 1281 functions of glomeruli, 1269-1277 nerves of, 1267 secretion in frog, 1280 of water and salts, 1269-1277 structure of, 1264-1267 tubules, functions of, 1279 absorption in, 1283 work of, 1269 Kinsesthetic areas, 500 Knee-clonus, 379 Knee-jerk, 377 abolition of, 378 exaggerated, 509 latent period, 378 Knoop on deamination, 861 Knowlton and Starling on glucose con- sumption of heart, 903, 912 Krause's membrane, 199 Krogh's microtonometer, 1193 Kuhne's gracilis experiment, 285 Kymograph, 984 LABIAL consonants, 586 Labour, 1382 Labyrinth, evolution of, 674 functions of, 449 Labyrinthine sensation, 674 Laccase, 1237 Lacrymal gland, 664 Lactalbumen, 1387 Lactase, action of, 176, 183, 184 in intestinal juice, 811 Lactation, 1384-1393 Lacteals, 828, 1134 Lactic acid, 53 Hopkins' test, 241 in blood, 1210 in gastric juice, 767 in muscle, 241 in urine, 242, 1210 Lactoglobulin, 1387 Lactosazone crystals, 1254 Lactose, 73, 74, 1387 Lsevorotation, 57 Laevulinic acid, 116 Lagena, 675 Lamina cinerea, 422 Langerhans' islets in rancreas, 801 Lanoline, 62 Lardacein, 117 Large intestine, absorption in, 815 excretion in, 815 functions of, 813 movements of, 822-825 Laryngoscope, 581 Larynx, anatomy of, 578 movements of, in deglutition, 761 Latent period, 222, 227 Lateral columns of cord, 401 crico-arytenoid muscle, 581 fillet, 419, 436 sympathetic ganglia, 522 nucleus in medulla, 413 in pons, 417 Lateritious deposit, 1249 Laurie acid, 59 Law of forward direction, 330, 350 of the intestines, 819 of specific irritability, 536 Lecithin, 47, 62 Leclanche cell, 208 Lemniscus, 415, 434 Lens, 604 elasticity of, 608 variation with age, 608 Lenses, formation of images by, 588 Lenticular ganglion, 615 Legumin, 109 Leguminous nodules, 45 Leucine, 90, 100, 101 cones, 91 Leucines, oxidisability of, 1234 Leucocytes, chemiotaxis in, 1149 classification of, 918 origin of, 920 Leucoplasts, 17 Leucosin, 108 Lever, momentum of, 220 Levulose, 69 Liebermann's reaction, 104 Life, evolution of, 5, 6, 36 laws of, 8 without oxygen, 27 Ligamentum pectinatum iridis, 604 Light, nature of, 634 reflex, 613 Lignin, 118 Lignoceric acid, 59 Limbic lobe, 473 Liminal intensity of stimulus, 528 Limulus heart, 1064 Line of Gennari, 486 Lines of direction, 590 Linin, 17 Linoleic acid, 60 Linolinic acid, 60 series, 60 Lipase of pancreatic juice, 794 in gastric juice, 773 reversibility of action of, 188 Lipines, 62 Lipoids, 24, 62 Liquor folliculi. 1367 Lissauer's tract, 366, 398, 403 Liver, bile formation in, 803 INDEX 1409 Liver, glycogen of, 909 haemolysis in, 943 lymph production in, 1136 formation of urea in, 858 of uric acid in, 878 Living matter, chemical changes in, 170- 188 Load, effect of a contraction, 231 Local reflexes, 529 sign of tactile sensation, 549 Locke's fluid, 1080 Localisation of function in brain, 492 Locomotion, co-ordination of, 391 Locomotor ataxia, 391 Locus perforatus posticus, 422 Long ciliary nerves, 615 sight, 595 Longitudinal inferior fasciculus, 481 superior fasciculus, 481 Loudness of sound, 563 L ud wig's Stromuhr, 1001 manometer, 983 Luminosity of spectral colours, 636, 642 Lungs, distensibility of, 1168 exchange of gases in, 1190-1199 vaso- motor fibres of, 1053 Lutein, 1368 Luy's nucleus, 425 Lymph, absorption of, 1141 movements of, 1140 production, 1135 effect of capillary pressure on, 1136 in small intestine, 828 osmotic phenomena in, 1137 properties of, 1134 role, of, in nutrition, 1142 and tissue fluids, 1133-1142 Lymphagogues, 1138 Lymphatic glands, 1134 tissue, structure of, 920 Lymphatics, course of, 1133 Lymphocyte, 918 Lysine, 92, 100 decarboxylation of, 173 Lysins, 1154 MACRO-NUCLEUS of paramcecium, 1343 Macula acustica, 449, 676 lutea, 625 Macdonald's theory, 323 MacdougalVs theory, muscular contrac- tion, 264 Macrophages, 1150 Magnesium, 47 excretion in large intestine, 815 Major chord, 567 Make contraction, 215 excitation, 296 induction shock, 211 Matt on heart musculature, 1005 Malleus, 571 Malpighian follicles of spleen, 1335 pyramids, 1264 Maltase, 186 of intestinal juice, 811 reversibility of action, 187 Malto-dextrin, 76 Maltose, 73, 74, 75 Mammary gland, structure of, 1391 hormones, 1363 Mannite, 68 Mannose, 66, 70 Manometer, Hiirthle's, 1010 Ludwig's, 983 maximum and minimum, 1012 Marches method, 361 Marey's law of blood pressure, 1098 sphygmograph, 1038 Marginal lobe, 473 Mark- time reflex, 38 8 Marie's tract, 399 Marrow, 58 Martinotti cells, 484 Material basis of body, 39, 135 Matter, exchanges of, in body, 685-736 Maximal stimulus, 216, 230 Mayer curves, 1110 Mean systolic pressure, 995 Mechanical changes in muscular contrac- tion, 217-229 coagulation of colloids, 167 efficiency of muscle, 250 response of muscle, 230-236 Mechanism, 9 Meconium, 1379 Media of artery, 981 Medulla oblongata, 412-417 functions of, 441 Medullary sheath, 280 Medusa, nervous system of, 326 Meibomian glands, 665 Meiosis, 1350 Meissner's corpuscles, 554 plexus, 523, 529, 810 Membrana granulosa, 1367 reticularis, 575 tectoria, 575 tympani, 569 Membranes, electrical phenomena at surface of, 193 permeability of, 24, 145 semi- permeable, 147 Membranous labyrinth, 573, 674 Mendel's law, 1359 Menstruation, 1369 relation of ovulation to, 1370 Mercurial manometer, 983 Mesencephalon, 409, 441, 443 Mesial fillet, 415, 434 Mesotartaric acid, 57 Metabolism, effect of foods on, 706- 712 during starvation, 698-705 experiments, analysis of excreta, 687 general, 685-725 influence of age on, 735 of carbohydrates on, 711 of fats on, 711 of muscular work on, 713 of protein on, 706 of temperature on, 1306, 1311 methods, 686-693 of muscle, 241 1410 INDEX Metabolism, of nucleo-proteins, 874-883 of proteins, 854-873 relation to body weight, 701 to surface of body, 702 Metakinesis, 10 Metal ' sols,' 156, 178 Metaplasm, 17 Metaplasmic products, 19 Metaphase of mitosis, 1348 Meta position, 54 Metaproteins, 109 Metencephalon, 408, 441, 443 Methsemoglobin, 931 Methyl- acetate, catalysis of, 185 Methylamine, 54 Methyl glucosides, 72 glycine, 93 guanidin acetic acid, 93 purines, 115, 875 Micellae, 21 Micro-nucleus of paramoeciuin, 1343 Microphages, 1150 Microsome, 17 Microtonometer, 1193 Micturition, 1289-1298 nerves of, 1295 reflex, 1297 Mid-brain, 421 crusta, 421 functions of, 443 pes, 421 tegmentum, 422 Middle cell-lamina of cortex, 483 Milk, coagulation by pancreatic j uice, 793 fats of, 132, 1386 origin of, 1393 human, composition of, 736 properties of, 1386 proteins of, 1386 in relation to growth, 735 quantity secreted, 1385 salts of, 1388 secretion of, 1384-1393 Milk-sugar, 1387 Millon's reaction, 94, 104, 110 Mineral salts, importance of, 725 Minimal difference method, 540 effective stimuli, 539 gradient, 306 stimulus, 216, 230, 538 Mitosis, 1348 heterotype, 1350 Mitral cells, 476 valve, 1006 Modality of sensation, 535 Molecular layer of cortex, 483 Molecules, energy in solution, 136 size of, 155, 159 MoliscVs test, 69, 104 Molybdic acid as catalyser, 180, 182 Monakow's bundle, 399, 438 Mono- amino- dibasic acids, 91 Mono-amino-monobasic acids, 89 Mono-amino-nitrogen in proteins, 101 Monochromatic patches, 642 vision, 646 Monomolecular reaction, 181 Monophasic variation, 257 Monosaccharides, 67 Moore's test, 69 Morphotic proteins, 718 Mo.ss fibres, 452 Motor aphasia, 512 area, lamination, 487 cells of cord, 359 centres, ablation of, 498 end-plates, 204 sensibility, 503 ' Motor points,' 302 somatic nuclei, 426 Mountain sickness, 1227 Movement, co-ordinated, 382 and sensation, 197-681 sensations of, 669-673 Movements of alimentary canal, 758, 782, 817 of deglutition, 758 of large intestine, 822 of small intestine, 817 of stomach, 782 Mucin, action of gastric juice on, 771 Mucins, 116 Mucoids, 117 Mucous glands, 743 Miiller's law of specific irritability, 286, 536 Multirotation, 71 Murexide test, 1249 Muscse volitantes, 596 Muscarine, action on heart, 1092 Muscle, afferent nerves, 380 anisotropic substance, 203 action of veratrin, 236 arrested contraction, 224 break contraction, 215 chemical changes in, 237-245 chemical stimulation of, 207 clotting of, 238 composition, 237 contractile stress, 224 contraction-remainder, 234 demarcation current, 189, 253, 262 efficiency of, 250, 715 elasticity of, 228 electrical variation, effect of tem- perature, 257 excitation of, 206-216 excitation without contraction, 258 extensibility of, 228 heat- production in, 246-250 independent excitability, 206 injury-current, 189, 252, 262 involuntary, 200, 271 of invertebrates, 277 isotropous substance, 203 longitudinal striation, 201 make contraction, 215 mechanical response of, 230-236 metabolism of, 241 production of carbon-dioxide, 242 products of activity, 240-245 reciprocal innervation of, 379 red, 201 reflex tone, 448 INDEX 1411 Muscle, respiratory quotient, 244 source of energy, 243 stimulation by constant current, 207 215 thickening of, 222 utilisation of energy, 249 voluntary of, 197 structure, 199 white, 202 Muscle- current, 189, 252, 256, 258 Muscle-curve, correction of, 220, 233 Muscle fibre, 199 reversal of stripes, 203 Muscle- fibrillse, 199 Muscle-plasma, 237 Muscle-sound, 267 Muscle- spindle, 672 Muscle- twitch, 214, 217, 222 Muscle- wave, 225 Musical notes, vibration frequencies, 568 Muscular afferents, 672 contraction, ' all or none ' pheno- menon, 230 Engelmann's theory, 263 effect of drugs, 236 of fatigue, 234 of load, 231 of salts, 235 of temperature, 233 of tension, 250 heat production in, 248 latent period of, 222 Macdougall's theory, 264 mechanical changes in, 217-229 nature of, 263-265 optical method, 221 osmotic theory, 264 point of stimulation, 218 Schdfer's theory, 203 strength of stimulus, 230 time -relations of, 222 voluntary, 266 electrical changes in, 269 record of, 268 contractions, summation of, 226 energy, source of, 713 exercise, effect on circulation, 1099- 1102 movements, co-ordination of, 389 relaxation, 222 sense, 671 psychology of, 673 sensibility, paths, 503 tone, 377, 507 relation to labyrinthine sensa-. tions, 678 work, energy exchanges in, 715 effect on metabolism, 713 Muscularis mucosse of small intestine, 828 Musculi papillares, 1006 Musculus vocalis, 581 Myelencephalon, 408, 441 Myelocytes, 920 Myelination, 282 method, 360 Myelin sheath, 280-282 Mylohyoid of frog, 205 Myogen, 238 fibrin, 238 Myogenic movements of intestine, 818 Myohsematin, 238 Myopia, 595 Myosin^ 108, 238 Myosin fibrin, 238 Myosinogen, 237 Myristic acid, 59 Myxoedema, 1327 NASAL consonants, 586 Near point, 599, 608 Nectocysts, 35 Negative after-image, 639 polarisation of nerve, 317 variation, 253 ventilation, 1217 Negativity, 257 Neopallium, 471 evolution of, 474 Nerve, core model, 316 double conduction, 284 electrotonic current, 315 electrotonus, 297 endoneurium, 281 excitability, <' characteristic ' of, 295, 305 effect of temperature on, 308 fatigue in, 290, 320 galvanic excitation, 295 human, stimulation, 302 law of forward direction in, 330, 350 negative polarisation, 317 neurilemma, 281 nodes of Ranvier, 281 non-medullated, 281 polarisation in, 315 positive polarisation, 317 primitive sheath, 281 unipolar excitation, 302 Nerve- axon, 280 Nerve-block, 299 Nerve-cell, automaticity of, 353 functions of, 351 Golgi net, 339, 348 NissVs granules, 337 pericellular network, 348 structure of, 337 Nerve-centres in medulla, 443 Nerve- current, Macdonald's theory, 192 Nerve-fibres, 279-323 excitation of, 294 size of, 281 structure, 279 Nerve- impulse, 283 electrical changes accompanying, 287 influence of drugs on, 292 velocity of, 283 effect of temperature on, 289 conditions affecting, 289 Nerve-injury, effect of, 309 Nerve-trunk, composition of, 369 Nerves, cranial, 463 nuclei of, 426, 463-469 grafting of, 285 1412 INDEX Nervi erigentes, functions of, 528, 1121, 1292, 1295, 1374 Nervous system, evolution of, 324-333 ganglia, 329 of medusa, 326 of vertebrates, 334 Neural canal, 334 Neurilemma, 281 Neurine, 63 Neuroblasts, 335 Neuro-fibrillar network, 484 Neuro-fibrils, 333 continuity of, 347 Neuroglia, 334 Neurokeratins, 119, 281 Neuro- muscular junction, 204, 310 spindles, 672 Neuron, definition of, 332, 338 Neurons, continuity of, 332 structure, 333 Neuropilem, 333 Neutrophile leucocytes, 918 Nicol's prism, 56 Nicotine, effect on end- plates, 312 on heart, 1062, 1092 method, 527 Ninth nerve, nucleus of, 426, 467 Nissl's granules, 337 Nitrates, 43 Nitrification of sewage, 43 Nitrifying organisms, 43 Nitrogen, 42 in food, 686 excretion in starvation, 704, 708 estimation of by KjcldahTs method, 1258 endogenous, in urine, 856 exogenous, in urine, 856 output, 854 requirements of body, 708 source of, 42 Nitrogenous constituents of urine, 855 equilibrium, 688, 706, 732 Nociceptive stimuli, 386 Nodal point, 590, 593 Nceud vital, 1201 Non-polarisable electrodes, 251 Normoblasts, 942 Nuclear sap, 17 Nucleic acid, 112, 113 Nuclein, 107, 112 hydrolysis of, 874 metabolism of, 874-883 Nucleins, fate of, 877 formation in body, 877 Nucleolus, 17 Nucleoplasm, 17 Nucleoprotein, decomposition of, 113 digestion of, 116 Nucleus, 14, 29, 33 ambiguus, 427 of Bechterew, 429, 454 branched, 33 caudatus, 410 cuneatus, 413 emboliformis, 420 effect of removal, 31 Nucleus, fastigii, 420 function of, 29 globosus, 420 gracilis, 413 lenticularis, 410 necessity for growth, 33 of Luys, 425 of Rolando, 413 relation to cytoplasm, 29 structure of, 16 Nutrition, mechanisms of, 685, 914 OCCIPITAL lobe, 473 Occipito-frontal fasciculus, 481 Oculo-motor nucleus, 426, 460, 463 Oecoid, 925 (Esophagus, inhibition of, in swallowing 762 (Estrus, 1371 Ohm's law of auditory analysis, 568 Oleic acid, 60, 61 Oleyl- lecithin, 63 Olfactie, 561 Olfactometer, 561 Olfactory apparatus, 475 area, 506 bulb, 476 glomeruli, 476 lobe, 473, 506 mucous membrane, 559 sensations, 555, 560 tract, 476 tubercle, 476 Olivary body, 413, 415, 431 Olive, 413, 415, 431 Olivo-cerebellar fibres, 438 Olivo- spinal tract, 399, 440 • Oncometer, 1117 Optic axis, 590 chiasma. 436, 459 disc, 625 nerve, decussation, 436, 459 efferent fibres in, 625 radiation, 478, 479 thalamus, 410, 423, 431, 444, 475 nuclei of, 424 tracts, 436, 459, 504 Optical activity, 56 axis of lens, 588 centre of lens, 588 defects in eye, 594 isomers, action of ferments on, 186 Optimum temperature for ferments, 178 Opsonic index, 1160 Opsonins, 1160 Ophthalmometer, 602 Ophthalmoscope, 617-619 OptogramS, 629 Ora serrata, 626 Orcin reaction for pentoses, 66, 104 Organ of Corti, 574 Organic compounds in body, 49 Organic sensations, 669-681 Organic synthesis, mechanism of, 121 Organisation, 7 Ornithine, 87, 92 decarboxylation of, 173 INDEX 1413 Ortho position, 54 Osamines, 68 Osazones, 52, 68, 1254 Osmometer, 158, 159 Osmotic pressure, 137, 147 Barger's method, 143 Beckmann's method, 143, 144 and boiling point, 143 of colloids, 159 of electrolytes, 141 freezing-point method, 143 by haemolysis, 141 Hamburger's method, 141 measurement of, 138-143 by plasmolysis, 140 of proteins, 83, 158 of serum proteins, 158 and transport of water, 148 and vapour tension, 143 Osseous labyrinth, 573, 675 Osteoporosis, 700 Otic ganglion, 528 Otolith organ, 449, 676, 680 Otoliths, function of, 680 Outer cell lamina of cortex, 483 Outer fibre-lamina of cortex, 483 Outer line of Baillarger, 486 Overtones, 564 Overtones theory, 24 Ovulation, 1366 Ovum, 1347 maturation of, 1352 Oxalate crystals, 1257 Oxidases in tissues, 1237 Oxidation, 174, 1186, 1233-1239 by indigo, 179 mechanisms of, 1233-1239 seat of, in body, 1186 Oxyacids, 53 origin of, 860 Oxygen, 42 absorption of, in lungs, 1185 ' active,' 1235 avidity of tissues for, 1186 capacity of blood, 1178 effect of changes in tension of, 1226 lack, in asphyxia, 1107 production of lactic acid in, 1210 tension in alveoli, 1185, 1194 in blood, 1194 in blood by CO method, 1198 Oxyhsemoglobin, 927 absorption spectrum of, 930 crystals, 928 dissociation of, 1182 influence of acids on reduction of, 1 186 p-oxyphenyl alanine. 93 Oxyproline, 94, 95 PACINIAN corpuscles, 554 Pain impulses, path of in cord, 404 sense, 551 Palmitic acid, 59 Pancreas, internal secretion of, 912 structural changes accompanying secretion, 798 extirpation of, 910 Pancreatic diabetes, 910 fistula, 795 juice, 788 action on carbohydrates, 793 fats, 794 milk, 793 proteins, 789 activation of, 792 by calcium salts, 793 composition, 789 secretion of, 795 variations in, 798 secretion, effect of acids in duode- num, 796 regulation of, 798 secretin, 797 Pangene, 21 Para position, 54 Parabanic acid, 879 Paracasein, 1387 Paracentral lobe, 473 Paradox cold, 545 Paradoxical contraction, 318 Paraffins, 49 Paraglobulin, 108 Paramoacium, conjugation of, 1343 Paramucin, 117 Paramyosinogen, 108, 238 Paranuclein, 111, 772 Paraplasm, 17 Parathyroids, functions of, 1329 Parietal lobe, 473 Parotid gland, 743 innervation of, 746 Parthenogenesis, 1355 Partition coefficient, 25 Parturition, 1381-1383 nervous mechanism of, 1383 Passive movement, 671 Pawlow's gastric fistula, 773 Pelvic visceral nerve. fractionation of, 769 hydrolytic products, 769 Prothrombin, 952 Protocerebrum, 331 Protopathic sensibility, 552 Protoplasm, 15, 16, 18 Altmanri's theory, 18 alveolar theory, 19 constituents of, 39 fibrillar theory, 18 granular theory, 18 hyaline, 18 physical condition cf, 21 salts of, 47 surface tension in, 22, 26 theories of structure, 18 varieties of, 16, 18, 39 ultra- microscopic structure, 20 Proximate constituents of the body, 49 Psalterium, 482 Pseudo-globulin, 977 Pseudo-ions, 165-166 Pseudo-nuclein, 111, 772 Pseudo-reflexes, 529 Pseudo- solution, 154 Pseudomucin, 117 Pseudopodia, 14 Psychical secretion of gastric juice, 775 Ptyalin, 741 Puberty, changes at, 1361 Pulmonary circulation, 1053-1056 ventilation, 1170 Pulse, 1034-1046 anacrotic wave, 1042 catacrotic, 1042 clinical features of, 1046 dicrotic wave, 1037, 1040, 1041 Frank's work on, 1043 in veins, 1051 percussion wave, 1040 peripheral, 1045 pre- dicrotic wave, 1040 primary wave, 1040 qualities of, 1046 • tidal wave, 1040 Pulse -pressure, 987 Pulse-rate, in man, 1098 effect of oxygen on, 1228 Pulse- wave, velocity of, 1039 nature of, 1034 Pulvinar, 424 Pupil, 604 contraction of, 612 dilatation of, 614 Purine bases, 113 in faeces, 852 in urine, 880 metabolism, 874-883 ring, 114, 875 Purkinje cells of cerebellum, 451 fibres of heart, 1072 figures, 627 Purposive reactions, 389, 444 Putrefactive amines, 173 bacteria, 173 Putrescine, 173 Pyloric canal, 783 sphincter, 785 vestibule, 783 Pylorus, nervous mechanism for opening, 785 1416 INDEX Pylorus, opening of, 783 by acid, 784 Pyramidal cells of cortex, 483 decussation. 398, 412 tracts, 397, 413, 479 Pyrimidine, 115 bases, 876 nucleus, 115 Pyrogallol, 55 Pyrrol ring, 94 synthesis of, 130 a-pyrrolidin carboxylic acid, 94 Pyruvic acid, 53, 861 origin of, 861 QUADRI-URATES, 1249 Quellung, 168 PvACEMic compounds, 57 Radius of curvature, formula for, 601 Rami communicantes, 522 Ranvier's nodes, 281 Reaction, bimolecular, 181 monomolecular, 181 velocity of, 180, 181 of degeneration, 303 time, 515 methods, 517 reduced, 516 variation of, 518 for hearing, 518 for sight, 518 Reactions, balanced, 185 reversible, 185, 188 Recapitulation, Law of, 13 * Receptor ' substance, 312 action of adrenalin on, 314, 1324 Recessive characters, 1359 Reciprocal innervation from cortex, 494 • of antagonistic muscles, 379 Recording instruments, inertia of, 2£0, 1009, 1011 Recti muscles, 653 Red-blindness, 646 corpuscles, see Blood marrow, 941 nucleus, 425, 431 'Red reflex' 618 Reduced eye, 593 Reduction, 174 Referred pain, 531 Reflex action, Bahnung, 344 block in, 343 delay in, 341 facilitation of, 344 fatigue of, 343, 388. areas of cortex, 501 1418 INDEX Sensory, association, 509 functions, localisation in cortex, 501 paralysis, 390 path, 403 Septo-marginal bundle, 399 Serine, 90, 100 Serous salivary glands, 743 Sertoli, cells of, 1365 Serum-albumin, 108, 976 composition of, 100 crystallisation of, 80 Serum-globulin, 108, 977 Serum-proteins, osmotic pressure of, 158 Seventh nerve, nucleus of, 427, 429, 467 visceral fibres, 527 Sexual organs, relation to ductless glands, 1363 process, essential features of, 1341- 1355 Sham feeding, 773 Shock, 345 spinal, 372 Shooter myograph, 219 Short ciliary nerves, 615 circuiting key, 209 sight, 594 Sibilant consonants, 586 Side -chain theory, 1156 Side wire, Helmholtz, 211 Silicon, 47 Simultaneous contrast, 651 Sino -auricular node, 1072 Sino-spiral fibres of heart, 1005 Sinus venosus, in eye, 604 Sixth nerve, nucleus of, 426, 464 Size, illusions of, 661 judgment of, 659 Skin, absorption by, 1304 corium, 1299 functions of, 1299-1304 gaseous exchanges in, 1304 papillae, 1300 structure of, 1299 Small intestine, absorption from, 826 innervation of, 820 lymph production in, 828 movements in, 817-825 segmenting movements of, 818 Smell, sense of, 559 sensations, 555, 560 Smooth muscle, see Plain muscle Snellen's test type, 596 Soaps, 51, 61 in digestion, 836 Sodium, 47 Solar plexus, 522 Solar spectrum, 635 Sole plate, 204 Solidity, judgment of, 662 Sols, 154 Soluble casein, 772 Soluble starch, 75 Solubility of gas, effect of pressure on, 1179 Solute, 145 Somatic cells, 1345 Somatic nervous system, 520 Sorbite, 68 Sound, nature of, 562 pitch of, 563 timbre, 563 Sound-waves, amplitude of, 563 compound, 565 Spaces of Fontana, 604 Spastic gait, 379, 508 paraplegia, 379, 508 Specific dynamic action of proteins, 711, 863, 907 irritability, law of, 286 Spectacles, use of, 595 Speech, 511, 578-586 intellectual basis of, 513 mechanism of, 584 Spermaceti, 61 Spermatids, 1350 Spermatocytes, 1350 Spermatozoa, development of, 1350 Spermatozoon, 1347, 1351 Spherical aberration, 597 Sphincter pupillse, 612 trigoni, 1290 urogenitalis, 1291 Sphingomyeline, 62 Sphygmographs, 1038 ' Spike ' tracing, analysis of, 258, 260 Spinal animal, 372, 442 Spinal cord, afferent path, 370 anterior cerebellar tract, 401 columns, 401 ascending tracts, 397, 399. Burdach's column, 366 cells in, 359 of columns, 359 central canal, 337 Clarke's columns, 359 collaterals in, 366, 396, 403 comma tract, 399 commissural cells, 359 conduction in, 396-406 crossed pyramidal tract, 398 descending tracts, 397 development, 336 direct cerebellar tract, 401 pyramidal tract, 398 dorsal cerebellar tract, 401 effect of poisons, 392 efferent path, 369 endogenous fibres, 398 Qolgi cells, 359 Galls' column, 367 Gower's tract, 401 Hdweg's bundle, 399 hemisection, 404 lateral basis bundle, 417 lateral columns, 401 Lissauer's tract, 366, 398, 403 Marie's tract, 399 Monakow's bundle, 399 motor-cells, 359 olivo-spinal tract, 399 pain impulses, 404 path of impulses, 402 posterior columns, 399 postero-external column, 366 pre-pyramidal tract, 399 INDEX 1419 Spinal cord, pyramidal tracts, 397 as reflex centre, 364 rubro-spinal tract, 399 sensori-motor path, 403 septo -marginal bundle, 399 structure, 355 thalamico -spinal tract, 399 tracts, methods of tracing, 359 ventral cerebellar tract, 401 vestibule -spinal tr..ct, 399 Wallerian degeneration, 397 white matter, arrangement, 397 Spinal dog, 374 shock. 372 Spino-tectal tract, 401 Spino-thalamic tract, 401 Spiral ganglion, 575 lamina, 575 Spireme stage of mitosis, 1348 Splanchnic motor nuclei, 427 nerve, 1120 sensor}'- nuclei, 426 system, 520 Spleen, function of, 1336 rhythmic contractions of, 1335 structure of, 1335 Spongin, 120 Spongioblasts, 281, 335 Spongio plasm, 18 Spring myograph, 219 Staining, intravitam, 25 Staircase phenomenon, 274 in heart muscle, 1075 Stannius1 ligature, 1058 Stapedius muscle, 572 Stapes, 571 Starches, 75 Starch, digestion by saliva, 741 hydrolysis of, 75, 110 inhibition by, 169 molecular weight, 76 soluble, 75 structure of, 76 Starvation, carbohydrate metabolism in, 702 fat metabolism in, 705 loss in various organs, 700 metabolism in, 698-705 protein metabolism in, 704, 708 Static ataxy, 391 Stearic acid, 59 Stearyl-lecithin, 63 Stellate ganglion, 522 layer of cortex, 483 Stepping reflex, 376 Stercobilin, origin of, 804 Stereoisomerism, 57, 65, 86 Stereosomers, action of ferments on, 186 Stereoscope, 663 Stereoscopic vision, 662 Sternzellen, 922 Stimulation, electrical, nature of, 304 of human nerve, 302 Stimuli, summation of, 274 Stimulus, liminal, 538 intensity of, 538 locus of, 383 Stimulus, maximal ,216, 230 minimal, 216, 230 subminimal, 216 threshold, 338 titokes- Adams disease, 1072 Stomach, digestion in, 766-781 inner vation, 786 movements of, 782 secretory nerves of, 775 sphincters, 785 Storage battery, 208 Stratum granulosum, 1299 lucidum, 1299 Stria terminalis, 424 Striae acoustics, 427, 428 Striated muscle, structure of, 199 of invertebrates, 277 String galvanometer, 255 Stromaiche, 1026 Stromuhr, Ludwig's, 1001 Starling's, 1001 Structural basis of body, 13 Strychnine, effect on cord, 392 spasm, electrical variation, 26 ) Sturin, composition of, 100 Sublingual gland, 743 Submaxillary ganglion, 527, 746 gland, 743 Submaximal stimulus, 216 Subminimal stimulus, 216 Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando, 358 nigra, 421, 425, 431 Substrate, 183 effect of ferments on, 186 Subthalamic region, 425 Successive contrast, 650 spinal induction, 388 Succus entericus, see Intestinal juice Sugar in urine, 1253 formation of, from fat, 896 from protein, 1253 in plants, 123 utilisation of, in body, 902 Sugars, chemistry of, 67-74 oxidisability of, in body, 1234 Sulphocyanate in saliva, 741 Sulphocyanates, origin of, 741 Sulphur, 45 excretion of, 869 test for proteins, 95, 104 Summation, 273 of muscular contractions, 226 of sensation, 538 of stimuli, 274, 306 in heart muscle, 1075 tones, 568 Superior cerebellar peduncles, decussa- tion of, 422 cervical ganglion, 520 corpora quadrigemina, functions of, 461 mesenteric ganglion, 522 oblique muscle, 653 olive, 413, 415, 431 peduncles of cerebellum, 418, 422, 438, 454, 478 Supplemental air, 1170 1420 INDEX Suprarenal bodies, 1320-1325 development of, 1321 Surface tension, 22, 26 in colloids, 157 theory, 265 Suspensory ligament, 604 Swallowing — see Deglutition Sweat, amount and properties, 1302 glands, 1302 loss of heat by, 1314 nerves, 1303 secretion, 1303 Swim-bladder of fish, 1198 tension of oxygen in, 149 Sylvian aqueduct, 409, 421 fissure, 473 Symbiosis, 1143 Sympathetic ganglia, 520 functions, 529 Sympathic nerves of heart, 1087 TABES dorsalis, 391 Tachypncea, 1204 Tactile localisation, 548 sensation, local sign of, 549 sensations, 545 sense area, 503 paths, 503 Takadiastase, 187 Talbofs law, 638 Tartaric acid, 57 Taste, 555 area, 506 buds, 556 nerves of, 558 sensation, classification, 556 Tears, composition of, 664 Tecto- spinal tract, 440 Tendril fibres, 452 Tenon, capsule of, 653 Tension, effect of on bladder, 1294 on heart, 1077 on muscle, 232 Tensions of gases in liquids, 1180 Tensor tympani muscle, 572 Tenth nerve, nucleus of, 467 Test type, 596 Testis, structure of, 1364 Tetanus, 228 toxin, action on cord, 393 Tetrachromic vision, 648 Tetrahedron theory, 56 Tetramethylene diamine, 173 Tetrapeptides, 99 Tegmentum of pons, 419 of mid-brain, 422 Teichmann's crystals, 932 Telencephalon, 409 Telophase of mitosis, 1348 Temperature, action of, on heart, 1079 on muscle, 233 effect of, on metabolism, 1306, 1311 on electrical variations in muscle, 257 limits of, for life, 6 sense* 542 adaptation of, 544 Temporal lobe, 473 Temporo-pontine fibres, 480 Tendon phenomena, 377 use of, 380 reflexes, 232, 377 Thalamencephalon, 441, 444 Thalamico- spinal tract, 399 Thalamo-cortical tract, 477 Thalamo-frontal fibres, 478 Thalamo- spinal tract, 440 Theca externa, 1367 Theobromine, 115, 875 Thermo-electric couple* 247 junctions, 246 Thermogenic centres, 1316 Thermopile, 246 Thermotaxic system, 1316 Thigmotaxis, 28 Thiophene test, 241 Third nerve, functions of, 615 nucleus of, 426, 430, 460, 463 visceral fibres in, 527 Thiry- Vella fistula, 808 Threshold stimulus, 539 value, 538 Thrombin, 950 Thrombogen, 952 Thrombokinase, 952 Thymine, 115, 876 Thymus, structure and functions of, 1334 Thyroid cartilage, 578 extirpation of, 1327 extract, effects of, 1329 structure of, 1325 Thyro-arytenoid ligaments, 579 muscle, 581 Thyro-epiglottidean muscle, 581 Tidal air, 1170 Time-record, 217 Tissue -fibrinogen, 113, 955 Time-marker, 217, 220 Tissue-proteins, 718 Tone in muscle, 377 Tonus, postural, 507 Tortoise heart, 1058 Touch discrimination, 548 impulses in cord, 404 projection of, 550 sense, 545 spots, 545 Toxins, adsorption of, 1156 bacterial, 1153 mode of action, 1153 Toxoids, 1157 Toxones, 1155 Toxophore group, 1157 Traube-Hering curves, 1109 Transformations of energy, 136 Transudations, coagulation of, 958 Trapezium of pons, 419, 428, 436 Treppe phenomenon, see Staircase Trichromats, anomalous, 648 Trichromatic vision, 646 Tricuspid valve, 1006 Trigeminal nerve, nucleus of, 427 Trigemino-thalamic tract, 436 Trigger myograph, 219 INDEX 1421 Trigonum habenulae, 423 Trimethylamine, 54 Triolein, 60 Tripalmitin, 60 Tripeptides, 99 Triphasic variation of heart, 1067 Triple phosphate, 1244, 1258 Tristearin, 60 Tritocerebrum, 331 Trammer's test, 68 Trophoblast, 1377 Trypsin, 789 action on polypeptides, 791 on proteins, 789 destruction of, 791 velocity of action, 185 of reaction, 791 Trypsinogen, 789 Tryptophane, 94, 100, 104 fate of, 862 Tuber cinereum, 422 Tuning-fork, 217, 220 Turacin, 938 Tympanic membrane, 570 movements of, 571 Tympanum, 570 Tyrosinase, 1237 Tyrosine, 55, 93, 100, 101 crystals, 93 reactions, 94 in urine, 1257 Uffelmanri's reagent, 241 Ultra-microscope, 61 Ultra-red rays, insensitivity of eye to, 635 Ultra-violet rays, absorption in eye, 635 Umbilical cord, 1378 Uncinate fasciculus, 481 Uncus, 473 Unicellular organisms, growth of, 4 Unimolecular reaction, 181 Unipolar excitation, 302 law of, 303 Unstriated muscle, 271 propagation of wave in, 275 Uracil, 115, 876 Urate deposit, 1257 Urates, 1249 Urea, 1245 estimation, 1259 Foliris method, 1260 hypobromite method, 1259 fermentation of, 1246 origin of, 857 output in starvation, 704 on protein diet, 856 oxalate, 1246 preparation from urine, 1247 Ureter, contractions of, 1289 Uric acid, 114, 1248 crystals, 1257 daily amount, 1250 endogenous, 880 estimation, 1261 excretion, 879 in gout, 882 origin of, 878 Uric acid, oxidation of, 879 preparation, 1248 production in birds, 859 structure of, 875 synthesis, 114 tests, 1249 Uricolytic ferment, 879 Urinary constituents, estimation of, 1258-1263 deposits, 1257 Urine, abnormal constituents in, 1253- 1258 acetone in, 1255 ammonia in, 1245 average composition, 1242 bases of, 1244 chlorides of, 1242 composition of, 1240-1263, 1277 on various diets, 880 conditions of glomerular nitration, 1272 freezing-point, 1241 inorganic constituents of, 1242 lactose in, 1253 neutral sulphur in, 1243 organic constituents of, 1245 oxyacids in, 1255 specific gravity of, 1241 sugar in, 1253 phosphates of, 1243 pigments of, 1252 pressure of, in ureter, 1271 reaction of, 1241 secretion of, 1264-1288 in glomerulus, 1269 influence of colloids, 1272 kidney volume, 1274 sulphates of, 1243 Uriniferous tubule, course of, 1265 tubule, functions of, 1268 Urobilin, 1252 Urochrome, 1252 Uroerythrin, 1252 Urorosein, 1253 Urotropine, 1260 Uterus, changes in, during pregnancy, 1376 nerve-supply, 1374 Utricle, 573 primordial, 14, 140 Uvea, 626 VACUOLE, contractile, 15 food, 15 water, 15 Vago-glossopharyngeal nucleus, 426, 467 Vagus, 528 action on auricles, 1091 on bronchioles, 468 on heart, 1089 on intestines, 819 on oesophagus, 764 on respiration, 1215 on stomach, 785 distribution in abdomen, 786 excitation, Engelmanri's views, 1091 expiratory fibres, 1215 1422 INDEX Vagus, inspiratory fibres, 1215 nucleus of, 467 proof of inspiratory fibres in, 1219 tonic action on heart, 1094 Valerianic acid, 59 Valine, 90 Valve of Vieussens, 409, 418 Valves of heart, see Heart Variation, monophasic, 257 Vasa afferentia, 1267 efferentia, 1267 recta, 1267 Vascular area of chick, 939 system, influence of capacity of, on circulation, 993 tone, effect of central nervous system on, 1103 peripheral, 1113 Vaso-constrictor fibres, course of, 1119 Vaso-dilatation, criteria of, 1116 by metabolites, 1128 Vaso-dilator fibres in nerve-trunks, 1122 nerves, 1121 Vaso- motor centre, action of acids on, 1100, 1112 location of, 1104 variations in activity of, 1105 centres in cord, 1111 impulses, path of, in cord, 406 nerves, course of, 1114 experimental methods influence on blood -pressure reflexes, 1126 Vegetable food, utilisation of, 726 Vegetarian diet, 726, 734 Veins, blood-flow in, 1050-1052 capacity of, 996 distensibility of, 982 structure of, 982 valves in, 1051 Velocity of reaction, 181 in vascular system, 991 Venous pressure in man, 989 outflow, determination of, 1119 pulse, 1051 in heart block, 1073 Ventilation, 1231 Ventral cerebellar tract, 401, 417 Ventricle of Morgagni, 579 Ventricles, capacity of, 1004 pressure in, 1009 Ventricular diastole, 1008, 1024 systole, 1008 Veratrine, action of, on muscle, 236 Vesicle, germinal, 1368 Vesicular murmur, 1169 Vestibular nerve, Deiters' nucleus, 429, 454 functions of, 449 median nucleus of, 429 nucleus of, 428, 466 Vestibule, 573, 675 Vestibulo- cerebellar fibres, 417, 438 Vestibulo- spinal tract, 399, 440 Vibrative consonants, 586 Vicq d'Azyr's bundle, 437, 477 Villus, changes in, during protein ab- sorption, 840 Villus, structure of, 827 Viscera, afferent fibres of, 531 innervation of, 528 sensibility of, 551 Visceral nervous system, 520-532 Vision, 587-668 direct, 627 indirect, 627 single, 656 Visual adaptation, 639 angle, 593, 659 axis, 625 centre, 504 fatigue, 639 judgments, 658-663 localisation, 659 path, 436, 459, 504 purple, 623, 629 reflexes, 459-462 sensation, Weber's law, 637 sensations, 634-652' stimuli, time relations, 637 Visuo-psychic area, lamination, 487 Visuo-senSory area, lamination, 487 Vital capacity, 1170 Vitalism, 9 Vitellins, 111 Vitreous humour, 592 Vocal cords, 579 Voice, 578-586 in singing, 583 pitch of, 584 production of, 581 range of, 582 Volatile fatty acids, 61 Volhard's method for chlorides, 1262 Voluntary contraction, 266 electrical changes in, 269 record, 268 muscle, 197 Vowel sounds, 584 percussion method, 585 WALLEBJAN degeneration, 397 method, 361 Wagner's hammer, 211, 212, 213 Wandering phagocytes, 922 Warm points, 543 Water, absorption of, 826 estimation in food, 686 necessity for, 7 and dissolved substances, passage across membranes, 145-153 rigor, ?59, 1064 vacuole, 15 Weber's law, 539, 548 in vision, 637 Wernicke's aphasia, 512 WeyVs test, 1247 Wheatstone bridge, 248 White rami, 522 sensation of, 643 Whispering, 58 i Word- blindness, 514 Work, relation to stimulus, 28 INDEX 1423 XANTHINE, 114, 878 Xanthoproteic reaction, 103 Xylose, 66, 116 YEASTS, action on amines, 84 on carbohydrates, 69, 70, 71, 74 Yellow spot, 625 Young-Helm'holtz theory, 645 ZEIN, 109 food-value of, 723 Zincative, 257 Zona fasciculata, 1321 Zollner's lines, 661 Zona glomerulosa, 1321 pellucida, 1367 reticukta, 1321 Zonula ciliaris, 604 Zonule of Zinn, 604 Zooid, 925 Zymins, 753 Zymogen granules, 753 BALLANTYNE & COMPANY LTD TAVISTOCK STREET COVENT GARDEN LONDON RETURN TO the circulation desk of any University of California Library or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Bldg. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW MAY 0 8 2001 12,000(11/95). 