None
Kidney, symptoms connected with, in uro- logical diagnosis, i^ 370 syphilis of, ii, 187 theories regarding secretion by, i, 176 tissue of, i, 151 topography of, from within, i, 42 tuberculosis of. See Tuberculosis of kid- ney tumors of. See Tumors of kidney typical forms of, i, 131 unilateral elongated, ii, 319 unsymmetrical, ii, 309 vascular channels to, i, 160 vascular pedicle of, i, 465 veins of, i, 99 weight of, i, 137 Kidney-anlage, changes in, i, 82 Kidney blastema, development of, i, 103 Eadney capsule, tuberculous infection of, ii, 27 Kidney colic. See Colic, renal Kidney niches, muscles forming, i, 45 position of kidney in, i, 45 relation of, to movable kidney, i, 474 shape of, i, 51 Kidneys, abdominal organs in relation to, i, 62 adrenal bodies in relation to, i, 71 albuminuria associated with injury of, i, 207 avenue for infection of, i, 233 avenue for tubercular infection of, ii, 20 changes in position of, during develop- ment, i, 83 crest of ilium, in relation to, i, 38 diaphragm in relation to, i, 30, 38 difference in position of, on two sides, i, 34 excretion of bacteria through, in health, i, 234 functional insufficiency of. See Renal in- sufficiency functional tests for capacity. See Func- tional tests for renal insufficiency functional value of diseased, compared with normal, i, 337 functions of, estimated separately, i, 334 fusion of, i, 93 large intestine in relation to, i, 39 Kidneys, liver in relation to, i, 39 methods for determining functional ca- pacity of, i, 300 normal position of, i, 15 pleura in relation to, i, 39 position of, in adult and in newborn, i^ 92 in relation to operation on, i, 1 PUS. See Pus kidneys; also Pyuria rate of secretion in, i, 273 relation of, to diaphragm, i, 30, 38 relative functional value of normal, i, 336 ribs in relation to position of, i, 29, 36 secretion of. See Renal secretion sensibility of, i, 242 similarity of form in both, i, 136 spleen in relation to, i, 39 supernumerary, ii, 311 topography of, from without, i, 34 variations in pK)sition of, with sex and age, i, 35 vascularization of. 631 Lipomata, of renal parenchyinata, ii, 236 of renal pelvis, ii, 237 Liitholapaxy, ii, 174 contra-indications to, ii, 177 Lithotomy position, in operation for vesi- co-vaginal fistula, ii, 413 Lithotripsy, ii, 173 contra-indications to, ii, 177 Lithotrite, Bigelow's, ii, 174, 176 combined with cystoscope, i, 290 Young's, 176 Liver, disturbance of, associated with mov- able kidney, i, 490 relation of kidneys to, i, 39 relation of, to right kidney, i, 42, 67 Lobulated fetal kidney, ii, 312 LoefBer method, in examination of urine for tubercle bacillus, ii, 64 Loop of Henle, i, 157 Ludwig's experiments on relation between blood pressure and renal excretion, i, 183 Ludwig's theory of renal secretion, i, 176 Lumbar fascia. Maury's operation for exstrophy of blad- der, ii, 391 Maydl's operation for exstrophy of blad- der, ii, 399 McBurney's incision, i, 382 Medullary substance, of kidney, blood ves- sels of, i, 162 structure of, i, 152 Menstruation, symptoms of movable kid- ney influenced by, i, 480, 485, 493 Mercury bichlorid, injection of, in echino- coccus disease of bladder, ii, 192 irrigation with, in pyelitis, ii, 210 Mesonephros, i, 75 Metanephros, i, 75 Methylene-blue test, in hydronephrosis, i, 542 for renal insuflRciency, i, 314 Meyer's experiments, on diabetes insipidus, i, 187 Microscope, api>earance of pus cells under, i, 215 examination of urine under, i, 201 Micturition. See Urination Mobility of kidney, degrees of, i, 495 normal, i, 461 Morris' incision, i, 382 Mortality, from actinomycosis, ii, 201 following Bergenhem's operation for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 403 from embryonic renal- tumor, ii, 264 from exstrophy of the bladder, ii, 389 from injuries to ureter without operative treatment, ii, 306 following Maydl operation for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 400 following nephrectomy, for malignant disease of kidney, ii, 286 for polycystic kidney, ii, 181 for pyonephrosis, ii, 231 for renal cyst, ii, 275 following operation, for renal tubercu- losis, ii, 74 for renal and ureteral stones, ii, 164 for ruptured kidney, ii, 301 from rupture of bladder, ii, 489, 492 following suspension of kidney, i, 515 Movable kidney. See Kidney, movable Miillerian duet, development of, i, 75 M. latissimus dorsi, surgical relations of, I 9 M. obliquus extemus, arterial supplv of, i, 19 surgical relations of, i, 11 M. obliquus intemus, arterial supplv of, L 19 surgical relations of, i, 11 M. psoas major, surgical relations of, i, 15 M. quadratus lumborum, surgical relations of, i, 13 M. sacrospinalis, surgical relations of, i 9 M. serratus posticus, inferior surgical rela- tions of, i, 12 M. 633 Nephrectomy, for hemorrhage due to rup- tured kidney, i, 225 for hydronephrosis, i, 548 for injury to kidney, ii, 303 for injury to ureter, ii, 306 intracapsular enucleation of kidney in, i, 414 mortality after, for malignant tumor, ii, 286 for polycystic kidney, ii, 181 for movable kidney, i, 504 for multiple abscesses of kidney, ii, 225 objections to, in essential hematuria and nephralgia, ii, 8 for polycystic kidney, ii, 281 phloridzin test as guide to performance of, i, 313 in pyelitis, ii, 211 in pregnancy, ii, 215 for pyonephrosis, ii, 226, 231 removal of kidney in capsule, i, 413 for renal calculus, ii, 152 technique of, i, 412 for renal tuberculosis, ii, 76 for ureteral fistula, ii, 437 Nephritis, acute, pathology of, ii, 288 renal hemorrhage due to, i, 224 due to syphilis, ii, 187 acute septic, changes in kidney in, ii, 218 chronic, classification of, ii, 289 essential hematuria and nephralgia as- sociated with, ii, 2 chronic interstitial, indigo-carmin test in, i, 319 methylene-blue test in, i, 315 pathology and symptoms of, ii, 289 phenolsulphonephthalein test for, i, 322 reduced excretion of chlorids in, 309 relation between, and re-absorptive ca- pacity of tubules, i, 187 renal calculus associated with, ii, 105 renal tuberculosis associated with, ii, 33 rosanilin test for, i, 315 symptoms of renal insufficiency due to, i, 302 due to syphilis, ii, 187 chronic parenchymatous, indigo-cannin test for, i,'^319 methylene-blue test in, i, 315 Nephritis, chronic parenchymatous, pathol- ogy and symptoms of, ii, 289 phenolsulphonephthalein test for, i, 322 reduced excretion of chlorids in, i, 309 symptoms of renal insufficiency due to, i, 301 due to syphilis, ii, 187 gummatous, ii, 187 hemorrhagic, following collargol injec- tion, i, 351 parenchymatous, following injection of tuberculin, ii, 33 Nephrocapsulectomy for Bright's disease, ii, 293 Nephrolithiasis. See Calculus, renal Nephrolithotomy, i, 443 cause of hemorrhage in, i, 443 closure of wound after, ii, 149 followed by nephrectomy for renal cal- culus, ii, 153 for renal calculus, ii, 145 technique of incision in, i, 445 Nephroma embryonale malignum, ii, 262 Nephroptosis. Nerve, first lumbar, distribution of, in lum- bar region, i, 24 importance of, in fixation of kidney, i, 390 ilio-hypogastric, distribution of, i, 25 inguinal, distribution of, i, 26 last thoracic, distribution of, in lumbar region, i, 24 Nerves of adrenal bodies, i, 72 of bladder, i, 197; ii, 369 border," i, 28 of diaphragm, i, 30 in exposure of kidney through superior lumbar trigonum, i, 389 of kidney, i, 165, 180 of importance in renal operations, i, 21 of lumbar region, i, 21 of ureter, i, 171 of urethra, ii, 371 variations of, in lumbar region, i, 26 Nervous diseases, hematuria due to, i, 220 Nervous system, action of, on renal secre- tion, i, 190 disturbance of, associated with movable kidney, i, 489 influence of, on bladder, i, 199 Neuralgia, associated with movable kidney, i,493 idiopathic renal. See Nephralgia Neuroses of the bladder, ii, 553 classification of, ii, 553 diagnosis of, ii, 554 enuresis, ii, 560 frequency of urination, ii, 555 incontinence of urine, ii, 557 pain, ii, 554 pathology of, ii, 553 retention of urine, ii, 562 sensory disturbances, ii, 554 treatment of sensory disturbances, ii; 556 Nitrogen bodies, excretion of, in renal in- sufficiency, i, 307, 308 Nitrous oxid gas, in renal operations, i, 379 Nitze cystoscope. Pain, due to pressure of horseshoe kidney on nerve roots, ii, 336 renal, in essential hematuria. See Nephralgia in tuberculosis of kidney, ii, 57 in urological diagnosis, i, 371 in hydronephrosis, i, 536 in sensory disturbances of bladder, ii, 554 as symptom, of echinococcus disease of kidney, ii, 190 of malignant tumor of kidney, ii, 182 of pyelitis, ii, 205 of pyonephrosis, ii, 220 transferred, in renal calculus, ii, 109 ureteral, in essential hematuria, ii, 6 urethral, significance of, in urological diagnosis of, i, 374 with vesical diverticulum, ii, 375 vesical, in urological diagnosis, i, 373 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 58 Palpation, of abdominal portion of urinary tract, i, 241 in cystitis, ii, 450 dorsal method of, for movable kidney. i, 496 in erect posture for movable kidney, i, 498 in examination of urinary tract, i, 237 Israel's method of, for movable kidney. i, 497 of kidney in renal tuberculosis, ii, 61 of kidneys, i, 242 for movable kidney, i, 496 of pelvic portion of urinary tract, i, 237 in perirenal abscess, ii, 233 in pyonephrosis, ii, 222 for renal and ureteral calculus, ii, 116 of renal portion of urinary tract, i, 242 of ureters, i, 240 of urethra, i, 237 of vesical tract, i, 240 Pancreas, attachment of kidney to, i, 465 relation of left kidney to, i, 69 Panoptic cystoscope, i, 290 PapillflB, renal number of, i, 143 Papillary cystoma, malignant, as sequel to rupture of kidney, ii, 297 Papilloma, of bladder, ii, 509 in child, ii, 526 Papilloma, of renal pelvis, ii, 237 of renal pelvis and ureter, ii, 255 Parafl&n injection, for incontinence of urine, ii, 559 Pararenal fat, i, 50 color of, i, 390, 403, 408 distribution of, i, 390 position of, i, 52 as protection to kidney, i, 39, 51 Parasites, hematuria due to, i, 223 Parenchyma, renal. See Renal parenchyma Patient, general examination of, for renal calculus, ii, 114 position of. See Position of patient preparation of, for operation in Brighfs disease, ii, 293 for operations on kidney, i, 376 for use of X-ray, i, 347 Pean's incision, i, 381 Pelves, renal, number of, in one kidney, i, 142 double, ii, 126 single, i, 418 Pelvic organs, disturbance of, associated with movable kidney, i, 492 Pelvis, renal, anastomosis between, and bladder for relief of hydronephro- sis, i, 553 arrangement of arteries in divided, i, 427 benign tumors of. See Tumors of renal pelvis, benign blood-vessels of, i, 164 capacity of, in human being, i, 520, 542, 554 development of, i, 117 direction of, i, 149 divided, i, 147, 419 effect of rotation of kidney on axis of, i, 132 embryological notes on maldevelopment of, ii, 326 forms of, characteristic of animals, i, 139 characteristic of man, i, 142 from surgical standpoint, i, 418 in horseshoe kidney, ii, 313 inflammation of, ii, 216 with leaf -like attachment, i, 141 location of, i, 144 macroscopic structure of, i, 154, malformation of, in lesser degree, ii, 331 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 637 Pelvis, method of opening, for renal cal- culus, ii, 142 microscopic structure of, i, 159 physiology of, i, 194 plication of, for relief of hydronephrosis, i, 552 primitive, i, 139 shape of, i, 146 in relation to extraction of calculus, ii, 142 simple, i, 139 single, i, 146 size of, i, 144 surface of kidney in relation to, i, 119 with tubular prolongations, i, 141 tumors of. See Tumors of renal pelvis Percussion, in examination of urinary tract, 236 for movable kidney, i, 498 in perirenal abscess, ii, 233 in pyonephrosis, ii, 222 for renal calculus, ii, 117 Perineal section, for vesical calculus, ii, 177 Perinephric abscess, as sequel to rupture of kidney, ii, 297 Perirenal abscess. See Abscess, perirenal Perirenal fascia. See Fascia perirenalis Perirenal fat, i, 50 blood-vessels of, i, 54 color of, i, 403, 408 distribution of, i, 391 function of, i, 464 as protection to kidney, i, 39 relations of, i, 53 Perirenal infection, secondary to renal tu- berculosis, ii, 43 Perirenal inflammations, ii, 231 definition of, ii, 216 diagnosis of, ii, 234 etiology of, ii, 231 pathological anatomy of, ii, 232 prognosis of, ii, 234 symptoms of, ii, 233 treatment of, ii, 235 Perirenal tumors, ii, 270 classification of, ii, 270 diagnosis of, ii, 271 prognosis of, ii, 271 symptoms of, ii, 271 treatment of, ii, 271 Peritonitis, due to rupture of kidney, ii, 299 Periurethritis chronica, ii, 587 Peters' operation for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 400 Petit's triangle, position and relations of, i, 3, 5 Phenolsulphonephthalein test, experimental results from, i, 321 personal observations on, i, 323 for renal insufficiency, i, 321 tables showing output in, i, 324 technique of, i, 321 Phleboliths, distinction between, and ure- teral calculus, i, 363 X-ray in diagnosis of, i, 363 Phloridzin, action of, on renal epithelium, i, 187 Phloridzin test, i, 312 Phloroglucin, as liberator of formalin, ii, 210 Phosphates, excretion of, as test for renal insufficiency, i, 309 in urine. See Phosphaturia Phosphaturia, i, 209 Pleura, relation of kidneys to, i, 39 relation of lumbo-costal ligaments to, i, 32 Plica ureterica, ii, 364 Pneumaturia, i, 225 ' cause of gas formation in, i, 227 gas formation in neighboring organs, i, 225 organisms present in, i, 227 source of gas in, i, 225 spontaneous formation of gas in, i, 226 treatment of, i, 228 varieties of gases in, i, 228 Polariscopic t^t, i, 210 Pollakiuria. Polypi, mucous, of urethra, ii, 591 Polyuria, associated with pyuria, i, 218 increase of solids in urine with, i, 186 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 59 character of urine during, i, 185 drugs as cause of, i, 186 Poncet's incision, i, 380 Position of patient, in cystoscopic exam- ination, i, 277; ii, 452 in drainage of bladder by vesical incision for cystitis, ii, 467 in examination of urinary tract, i, 244, 248 for examination by water cystoscope, i, 296 in excision of diseased area for cystitis, ii, 471 in finding ureteral orifice, i, 266 for inspection of bladder, i, 248 in nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis, ii, 76 after operation on kidney, i, 417 in operation for rupture of bladder, ii, 493 in operation for veeico-vaginal fistula, ii, 413 in operations on*kidney, i, 378 in palpation of movable kidney, i, 496, 497, 498 in renal op>erations, i, 378 in suspension of kidney, i, 508 in topical treatment of cystitis, ii, 465 for use of wax-tipped catheter, ii, 127 in X-ray examination, i, 348 Posner's method of estimating pus in urine, i, 215 Post-mortem specimens, evidence of, on tuberculous infection of kidney through ureter, ii, 29 Post-operative complications in suspension of kidney, i, 515 Post-operative treatment for suspension of kidney, i, 517 Postural albuminuria, i, 206 Posture, influence of, on hydronephrosis, ii, 168 on vesical calculus, ii, 168 Pousson's operation for vesical diverticu- lum, ii, 383 Pregnancy, as cause of ezfoliatiT« rrai. ii, 481 as cause of movable kidney, i, 479 hematuria and nephralgia with, ii, 4 pyelitis in, ii, 213 rupture of bladder in, ii, 488 Premature development, adrenal tnoKi^i sociated with, ii, 269 Prevesical space, anatomical relaticms &i 497 diseases of, ii, 497 anatomical relations in r^;ard t:. 497 classification of, ii, 498 clinical history of, ii, 499 definition of, ii, 497, 502 differential diagnosis of, ii, 503 etiology of, ii, 502 history of, ii, 498 inflammatory tumorsf, ii, 499 introductory to, ii, 497 literature on, ii, 505 symptoms of, ii, 500 treatment of, ii, 504 Prism, in Nitze cystoscope, i, 288 Prolapse of urethra, ii, 574 in adults, ii, 574 diagnosis of, in girls, ii, 578 etiology of, in adults, ii, 574 in girls, ii, 577 in girls, ii, 577 pathology of, in adults, ii, 576 treatment of, in adults, ii, 576 in girls, ii, 578 thrombosis of veins in, ii, 575 Pronephros, i, 75 Prostate gland, hematuria due to enlam ment of, i, 220, 224 involvement of, in renal tuberculosis bl boys, ii, 24 Proteid bodies, found in the urine, i, ^M tests for, in urine, i, 208 Psychic treatment for incontinence of urins, ii, 560 Pnerperium, pyelitis in, ii, 213 Puncture in hydronephrosis, i, 547 Pus, methods for estimating, in urine, i 213 relation between, and albumin in pyum i, 217 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 639 Pus, in urine. See Pyuria Pus cells, microscopic appearance of, in urine, i, 215 Pus kidneys. See Pyuria Pyelitis, ii, 203 bacteria causing, i, 234 in children, ii, 212 diagnosis of, ii, 213 etiology of, ii, 212 occurrence of, ii, 212 symptoms of, ii, 212 treatment of, ii, 213 contributory causes in, ii, 204 definition of, ii, 203 diagnosis of, ii, 206 etiology of, ii, 203 in general, ii, 203 lavage of kidney for, ii, 210 nephrectomy for, ii, 211 operation for, ii, 211 organisms present in, ii, 204 pathology of, ii, 204 portals of entry in, ii, 203 in pregnancy and puerperium, ii, 213 diagnosis of, ii, 214 etiology of, ii, 214 symptoms of, ii, 214 treatment of, ii, 215 prognosis in, ii, 207 symptoms of, ii, 205 treatment of, ii, 207 urinary antiseptics in, ii, 207 vaccine therapy for, ii, 210 Pyelograph, in diagnosis of polycystic kid- ney, ii, 281 Pyelography, in diagnosis of malignant renal tumor, ii, 284 Pyelonephritis, ii, 216 complicating vesical fistula, ii, 435 definitio9 of, ii, 216 diagnosis of, ii, 220 operation for acute, ii, 223 pathological anatomy of, ii, 217 symptoms of acute, ii, 219 treatment of, acute, ii, 223 chronic, ii, 226 Pyelotomy, field for, i, 441 for renal calculus, ii, 139 Pyonephrosis, ii, 216 conservative treatment for, ii, 226, 227 Pyonephrosis, definition of, ii, 216, 219 diagnosis of, ii, 221 etiology of, ii, 216 mortality after nephrectomy for, ii, 231 pathological anatomy of, ii', 217 radical treatment of, ii, 231 due to renal calculus, ii, 106 secondary to renal tuberculosis, ii, 45 as sequel to rupture of kidney, ii, 297 symptoms of, ii, 219 treatment of, ii, 226 due to vesical diverticulum, ii, 375 X-ray in diagnosis of, i, 360 Pyuria, i, 213 albumin in, i, 216 appearance of urine in, i, 214 chemical test for, i, 215 definition of, i, 213 examination of urine in, i, 218 general considerations in regard to, i, 217 intermittent, ii, 220 methods for estimating pus in, i, 215 microscopic appearance of pus cells in, i, 215 organisms present in, i, 214, 216 reaction of urine in, i, 214 relation between pus and albumin in, i, 217 with renal calculus, ii, 116 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 65 significance of, in cystitis, ii, 450 sources of pus in, i, 213 Race, influence of, on renal calculus, ii, 99 Radiography. Red blood cells in urine in renal tubercu- losiB, ii, 66 Ren arcuatus. See Horseshoe kidney Ren elongatus. See Kidney, elongated Ren elongatus simplex. See Kidney, sim- ple elongated Ren informis. See Lump kidney Ren scutaneus. See Scutiform kidney Ren sigmoideus. See Sigmoid kidney Renal calculus. See Calculus, renal Renal colic, in essential hematuria, ii, 1 in hydronephrosis, i, 536 irritability of bladder with, ii, 111 in movable kidney, i, 486 with renal calculus, ii, 107 reproduction of, as diagnostic sign, i, 371, 485 spontaneous passage of stones during, ii, 110 in tuberculosis of kidney, ii, 57 Renal cysts. See Cysts of kidney Renal epistaxis. See Hematuria, essential Renal hemorrhage. See Hemorrhage, renal Renal infections, diagnosis of, ii, 220 elimination of, in treatment of cystitis, ii, 459 etiology of, ii, 216 organisms present in, ii, 217 pathological anatomy of, ii, 217 symptoms of, ii, 219 treatment of, ii, 223 Renal insufficiency, i, 301 amount of urine in, i, 307 chemical findings of urine in, i, 308 combination of tests for, i, 335 comparison of two sides as to, i, 304 constituents of urine in, i, 308 cryoscopy, of blood as test for, i, 305 of urine as test for, i, 310 disagreeable sequelao of functional tests for, i, 334 in diseased kidney, compared with healthy organ, i, 337 freezing point of blood as test for, i, 305 ideals of tests for, i, 301 indigo-carmin test for, i, 315 methods of determining, dependent on examination of blood, i, 304 dependent on examination of urine, i, 307 Renal insufficiency, methylene-blue test for, i, 314 nitrogen bodies excreted in, i, 307 operations on kidney in relation to, i, 338 phenolsulphonephthalein test for, i, 321 phloridzin test for, i, 312 phosphates excreted in, i, 309 physical characteristics of urine in, i, 307 with polycystic kidney, ii, 279 possibilities of functional tests for, i, 303 due to renal calculus, ii, 115 rosanilin test for, i, 315 significance of, in urinary disorders, i, 370 sodium chlorid deficiency in, i, 309 stages of, i, 302 tests for, dependent on examination of blood, i, 304 dependent on examination of urine, i, 307 dependent on excretion of foreign substances, i, 312 types of, i, 301 ureteral catheterization as test of, i, 333 value of comparative estimations, i, 338 Renal operations. See Operations on kid- ney Renal palpation. 641 Renal vascularization, i, 93 in abnormally placed kidneys, ii, 325 development of; i, 93 effect of rotation of kidney upon, i, 133 hemorrhage during renal operations in relation to, i, 443 method of detecting variations in, i, 444 Renal tuberculosis. See Tuberculosis of kidney Renipuncture, essential hematuria relieved by, ii, 38 Resection of kidney, i, 430 in echinococcus disease, ii, 191 possibility of, in tuberculosis, ii, 40 for renal tuberculosis, ii, 83 surgical anatomy of kidney with refer- ence tO; i, 408 Resection of ribs, in operations on kidney, i, 12, 398, 405 Resection of urethra, for stricture, ii, 586 Rest in bed, in essential hematuria, ii, 7 before operations on kidney, i, 377 in pyelitis, ii, 207 in treatment of movable kidney, i, 503 Retention of urine, ii, 562 diagnosis of, ii, 563 as symptom of urinary disease, i, 373 treatment of, ii, 563 Retention cysts of kidney, ii, 272 Retroperitoneal fat. See Pararenal fat Retroperitoneal incision, indications for, i, 384 Retzius, space of. See Prevesical space Rhabdo-myosarcomatosum, in child, ii, 527 Ribs, fracture of, with rupture of kidney, ii, 296 relation of, to kidneys, i, 29, 36 resection of. See Resection of ribs Robert's fermentation test, i, 210 Robson's incision, i, 382 Rosanilin test for renal insufficiency, i, 315 Rotation of kidney, effect of, on axis of renal pelvis and direction of calices, i, 132 on contour and form of kidney, i, 133 on distribution of renal blood-vessels, i, 133 on form of kidney, i, 130 on location of hilum, i, 132 Roy-Cohnheim onkometer, i, 177 Rudimentary kidney, ii, 310 « Saline infusion, after injury to bladder, ii, 495 Salivation, with movable kidney, i, 493, 494 Sarcoma, of bladder, ii, 522 in children, ii, 526 of kidney, ii, 239 of renal pelvis and ureter, ii, 262 of urethra, ii, 597 prognosis in, ii, 599 Schistosoma hematobium, ii, 193 Schlaginweit's cystoscope, i, 285, 289 Schmidt's operation, for exstrophy of blad- der, ii, 391 Scratch-marks, in diagnosis of renal cal- culus, ii, 129 examination of, ii, 129 Scutiform kidney, ii, 320 Searcher, in examination of bladder, i^ 263 Sectio alta. Sexes, relative frequency of renal tuber- culosis in, ii, 28 urethral calculus in, ii, 183 variations in position of kidneys in the, i, 35 Shield-shaped kidney. See Scutiform kid- ney Shock, due to rupture of kidney, ii, 298 treatment of, ii, 495 Side position, for inspection of bladder, i, 251 Sigmoid kidney, ii, 320 Silver, organic salts of, irrigation with, in pyelitis, ii, 210 Silver iodid injections as aid to X-ray ex- amination, i, 350; ii, 125 with X-ray in renal tuberculosis, ii, 71 Silver nitrate, as irrigation fluid in pyelitis, ii, 210 Silver nitrate injection, after operation for vesical calculus, ii, 176 Silver wire method of nephrotomy, i, 448 removal of renal calculus by, ii, 146 Simon's incision, i, 379 Simon's method of suturing vesico-vaginal fistula, ii, 417 Sims' posture, for inspection of bladder, i, 251 in operation for vesico-vaginal fistula, ii, 413 in reproduction of renal pain, i, 500 Sinus renal is, cyst of, a cause of hydro- nephrosis, i, 528 structure of, i, 150 Skene's glands, appearance of, when in- flamed, i, 239, 244 inflammation of, ii, 581 treatment for, ii, 582 Skin, treatment of, preparatory to renal operations, i, 377 Smears, in examination of urine for tuber- cle bacillus, ii, 64 Sodium chlorid, excretion of, as test for renal insufficiency, i, 306, 309 hemolytic power of, as test for renal in- sufficiency, i, 306 "Solitary kidney," ii, 309 Sonnenburg's operation, for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 394 Sound, in diagnosis of ureteral stricture, ii^ 353 in diagnosis of vesical calculus, ii, 169 in examination of urinary tract, i, 237 Sp>ecific gravity test, i, 210 Speculum, examination of bladder by, i, 253 hair-pin, i, 244; ii, 581 oblique, i, 267 Sphincter muscle of bladder, i, 197 Spleen, relation of kidneys to, i, 39 Splenic flexure of colon, relation of left kidney to, i, 70 Stalagmite bladder, ii, 449 Stereoscopic pictures, i, 349 Sterilisation, of uretehtl catheters, i, 267 of water cystoscope, i, 294 Stiles' operation, for epispadias, ii, 572 Stomach, dilatation of, a cause of movable kidney, i, 481, 489 due to traction by movable kidney, i, 483, 489 relation of left kidney to, i, 67 Stone, in the bladder. See Calcidus, vesi- cal in the kidney. See Calculus, renal in urethra. 643 SuppK)rt8, in treatment of movable kidney, i, 502, 503 Suprapubic operation, for excision of dis- eased area in cystitis, ii, 471 Suspension of kidney. Temperature, elevation of, in perirenal ab- scess, ii, 233 in pyelitis, ii, 205, 207 in children, ii, 213 during pregnancy and puerperium, ii, 214 in pyonephrosis, ii, 220 with renal calculus, ii, 113 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 56 due to rupture of kidney, ii, 299 Tenderness, area of, due to rupture of kid- ney, ii, 299 Test, for albumin, in hematuria, i, 221 in urine, i, 205, 208 apparatus for use in dye, i, 317 Bouchard's, i, 307 chemical, for pyuria, i, 215 experimental polyuria and, i, 336 Jolles', i, 205 phloridzin, i, 312 rosanilin, i, 315 combination of functional, for renal in- sufficiency, i, 335 disagreeable sequelse to functional, i, 334 functional, for hydronephrosis, i, 542 for renal insufficiency. See Functional tests indigo-carmin, i, 315 for liberation of formalin, ii, 207, 210 methylene-blue, i, 314 phenolsulphonephthalein, i, 321 for proteid bodies in urine, i, 208 for renal insufficiency, dependent upon examination of blood, i, 304 dependent upon examination of urine, i, 307 dependent upon excretion of foreign substances, i, 312 for serum albumin, i, 208 for sugar in urine, i, 210 Thiersch and Billroth's flaps, ii, 391 Three-plate method of X-ray examination, i, 348 Thrombosis of veins in prolapsed urethra, ii, 575 Tillmann's incision, i, 382 Topography of lumbar region, influence of, on incision for renal operations, i, 384 Transvesical collection of urine in renal tuberculosis, ii, 68 Trauma, as cause of hydronephrosis, i, 526 as cause of movable kidney, i, 478 Trendelenburg position, in excision of dis- eased area for cystitis, ii, 471 Trendelenburg's operation for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 393 Trigonum, superior lumbar, approach to kidney by, i, 386 blood supply of, i, 16 boundaries of, i, 386, 389 exposure of, i, 388 incision lateral to, in extensive renal operations, i, 398 nerve supply of, i, 21 position and relations of. Tuberculosis of ureters, extension of tuber- culosis through; ii; 27 involvement of, ii, 49 pathology of, ii, 40, 41, 51 Tubule, collecting, i, 158^ 179 convoluted, i, 178 first convoluted, i, 156 junctional, i, 158 second convoluted, i, 157 uriniferous, i, 154 Tuffier's massive degeneration, secondary to renal tuberculosis, ii, 44 Tumor, in diseases of prevesical space, ii, 503 in hydronephrosis, i, 537 in malignant disease of kidney, ii, 248 perirenal. See Perirenal tumors in perirenal abscess, ii, 233 due to rupture of kidney, ii, 299 as symptom of echinoeoccus disease of kidney, ii, 190 as symptom of malignant disease of kid- ney, ii, 282 of pyonephrosis, ii, 220 due to ureteral injury, ii, 306 Tumors, adrenal. See Adrenal tumors of bladder, ii, 506 adenoma, ii, 515 angioma, ii, 525 carcinoma, ii, 516 in children, ii, 526 classification of, ii, 507 cysts of vesical mucosa, ii, 514 dermoid cysts, ii, 517 diagnosis of, ii, 530 fibroma, ii, 522 fibromyxoma, ii, 520 general considerations on, ii, 508 history of, ii, 506 myoma, ii, 524 myxoma, ii, 520 papilloma, ii, 509 radium in treatment of, ii, 536 removal of, by extraperitoneal supra- pubic cystotomy, ii, 538 by high-frequency current, ii, 534 by snare, ii, 534 by transperitoneal suprapubic cys- totomy, ii, 546 by vaginal extirpation, ii, 537 Tumors of bladder, sarcoma, ii, 522 symptoms of, ii, 529 in children, ii, 528 transition from benign to malignant, ii, 513 treatment of, ii, 533 in children, ii, 529 of kidney, malignant, adencmia, ii, 239 carcinoma, ii, 239 classification of, ii, 236 diagnosis of, ii, 249 differential diagnosis of, ii, 282 duration of, 248 embryonic. 647 Urea, excretion of, in renal insufficiency, i, 303 as test for renal insufficiency, i, 308 Ureter, abnormal curves of, a cause of hy- dronephrosis, i, 524 abnormal division of, ii, 331 actinomycosis of. See Actinomycosis anatomy of, i, 168 arteries of, i, 170 bifurcated, renal calculus with, ii, 126 bimanual palpation of, i, 240 blood-vessels of, i, 170 changes in, during development, i, 84 closure of, due to rupture of kidney, ii, 297 course of, i, 168 cysts of, ii, 349 dilatation of, with bougies in removal of stone, ii, 160 dimensions of, i, 168 disease of, suitable for X-ray diagnosis, i, 362, 362 double, formation of, ii, 330 theories as to formation of, ii, 327 with tubercular kidneys, ii, 51 X-ray in diagnosis of, i, 366 funnel-shaped, ii, 68 golf-hole, ii, 68 hematuria due to abnormalities of, 220 high insertion of, associated with hy- dronephrosis, i, 526 implantation of, into bowel or skin, ii, 88 incisions for exposure of, i, 379 independent, to horseshoe kidney, ii, 316 infection through, in renal tuberculosis, ii,27 inspection of, i, 243 involvement of, in renal tuberculosis, ii, 49 lesions in, caused by Bilharzia hematobia, ii, 195 lymphatics of, i, 171 macroscopic structure of, i, 154, 169 maldevelopment of. See Maldevelopment of ureter method of determining location of ob- struction in, ii, 120 nerves of, i, 171 operations (m. See Operations on ureter Ureter, pain in, associated with essential hematuria, ii, 6 palpation of, for calculus, ii, 117 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 61 peristalsis in, i, 194 physiology of, i, 194 plastic operations on, in hydronephrosic, i, 552 prolapse of. See Prolapse of urethra ramifying, i, 139 retraction of, in renal tuberculosis, ii, 68 single, opening into vagina, ii, 342 opening into vestibule of vagina, ii, 343 stricture of. See Stricture of ureter supernumerary, blood - vessels causing compression of, i, 525, 550, 551 opening into female urethra, ii, 339 opening into vagina, ii, 342 opening into vestibule of vagina, ii, 346 symptoms connected with, in urinary dis- orders, i, 372 syphilis of, ii, 188 thickening of, in renal tuberculosis, ii, 62 torsion of, i, 367 transvesical opening of, ii, 161 treatment of, in kidney operations, i, 410, 414 after nephrectomy for tuberculosis, ii, 80 tumors of. See Tumors of ureter veins of, i, 171 X-ray in diagnosis of disease of, i, 362 Ureteral branches, development of, i, 103 Ureteral calculus. Ureteral orifices^ implantation of, into rec- tum for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 400 method of finding, i, 263 variety in appearance of, i, 265 Ureteritis, due to rupture of kidney, ii, 297 Ureteritis cystica, ii, 349 Uretero-ureteral anastomosis for ureteral fistula, ii, 437 Uretero-vesical anastomosis for ureteral fistula, ii, 438 Ureters, catheterization of. See Catheteri- zation of ureters discharge of urine from, i, 263 implantation of, into bowel for exstrophy of bladder, ii, 396 influence of closure of, upon renal tuber- culosis, ii, 40 influence of open, upon renal tuberculo- sis, ii, 41 methods of treating in extirpation of bladder for cancer, ii, 551 tuberculosis of. See Tuberculosis of ureters Urethra, absence of, ii, 564 anatomy of female, ii, 370 anomalies of, ii, 564 arteries of, ii, 371 bacteria in, i, 229 caruncle of. See Caruncle, urethral chancre of, ii, 187 compression of, a cause of hydronephro- sis, i, 526, 550 double, ii, 564 examination of, through speculum, i, 247 extirpation of, for carcinoma, ii, 596, 597 hematuria due to abnormal conditions in, 1,220 injection of, in retention of urine, ii, 563 injuries of. See Injuries of bladder and urethra inspection of, i, 243 length of, in adult woman, i, 248; ii, 370 lesions in, caused by Bilharzia hematobia, ii, 195 lymphatics of, ii, 371 malformations of. See Malformations of urethra Urethra, nerves of, ii, 371 new growths of, ii, 588 carcinoma, ii, 593 caruncle, ii, 588 classification of, ii, 588 fibroma, ii, 591 fibromyoma, ii, 591 mucous i>olypi, ii, 591 myoma, ii, 591 obstruction of, a cause of hydro- nephrosis, i, 526, 550 sarcoma, ii, 597 opening of ureter into, ii, 339 operations on. See Operations on urethra pain in, as means of diagnosis, i, 374 palpation of, i, 237 prolapse of. See Prolapse of urethra stricture of. See Stricture of urethra structure of, ii, 370 stone in. See Calculus, urethral symptoms associated with, in renal and ureteral calculi, ii, HI symptoms connected with, in urological diagnosis, i, 374 syphilis of. See Syphilis of urethra vaginal. See Hypospadias veins of, ii, 371 Urethral fistula. 649 Urinary disorders, urethral symptoms in, i, 374 vesical symptoms in, i, 372, 373 Urinary examination, i, 203 in cystitis, ii, 451 in diagnosis of movable kidney, i, 499 in hydronephrosis, i, 539 in pyelitis, ii, 206 in pyuria, i, 218 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 63 Urinary organs, physiology of, i, 174 Urinary tract, abdominal portion of, i, 241 actinomycosis of. See Actinomycosis avenue for infection of, i, 233 bacteria causing infection of, i, 231, 232, 233, 234 bacteria in upper, i, 230 bilharziosis of. See Bilharziosis divisions of, for palpation, i, 237 examination of, by means of Nitze cysto- scope, i, 284 in women, i, 236 anesthesia in, i, 251 cystoscopes employed in, i, 277 by inspection, i, 242 instruments for, i, 244, 251 by palpation, i, 237 by percussion, i, 236 by sound, i, 237 technique of, i, 251 urethroscopy in, i, 247 palpation of, i, 237 pelvic portion of, i, 237 renal portion of, i, 242 sound in examination of, 237 syphilis of. See Syphilis Urination, character of, with vesical diver- ticulum, ii, 375 difficult, with vesical diverticulum, ii, 375 interruption of, as symptom of vesical calculus, ii, 169 normal act of, i, 202 normal frequency of, ii, 555 frequent, in cystitis, ii, 449 in neuroses of bladder, ii, 555 in pyelitis, ii, 205 in children, ii, 213 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 58 as symptom of vesical calculus, ii, 168 in urinary disorders, i, 373 Urination, painful, in cystitis, ii, 449 in neuroses of the bladder, ii, 554 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 58 as symptom of vesical calculus, ii, 168 in vesical diverticulum, ii, 375 Urine, abnormal condition of, in diagnosis of urinary disorders, i, 370 abnormal substances in, i, 205 acidity of, i, 209 action of nervous system on secretion of, i, 190 amount of, in health, i, 307 in renal insufficiency, i, 308 amount of solids in, in health, i, 192 bacteria in. See Bacteriuria ^blood in. Urine, increase of solids in, during poly- uria, i, 186 manner of discharge from ureters, i, 263 methods of determining renal incapacity by examination of, i, 307 methods for estimating pus in, i, 215 method of obtaining, from kidney with- out catheterization, i, 263, 267 methods of securing and preserving, i, 203 microscopic appearance of pus cells in, i, 215 microscopic examination of, i, 211 normal amount of, i, 191 phosphates in. See Phosphaturia physical changes in, due to presence of blood, i, 221 physical characteristics of, i, 204 in renal insufficiency, i, 307 preparation of, for microscopic examina- tion, i, 211 preservation of, i, 203 proteid bodies found in, i, 205 pus in. See Pyuria rate of secretion of, i, 273 reaction of, i, 191, 192, 208 in pyuria, i, 214 relation between amount of, and blood flowing through kidneys, i, 185 relation between composition of, and health, i, 307 retention of. See Retention of urine specific gravity of, i, 204 sugar in, i, 210 suppression of. See Anuria transvesical collection of, i, 274 transvesical method of collecting, in renal tuberculosis, ii, 68 turbidity of, in pyuria, i, 214 in renal tuberculosis, ii, 60 value of transvesical specimen of, i, 274 Uriniferous tubules. See Tubules Uronephrosis, definition of, i, 520 Urotropin, use of, in acute cystitis, ii, 457 in chronic cystitis, ii, 460 before and after operation for vesical calculus, ii, 176 in pyelitis, ii, 207 in children, ii, 213 Uterus, opening of ureter into, ii, 347 Vaccine therapy, in acute cystitis, ii, 457 in pyelitis, ii, 210 Vaccines, autogenous, in pyelitis, ii, 210 in pyelonephritis, ii, 223 Vagina, opening of ureter into, ii, 341 Valentine endoscope, i, 278 Van Dam's operation, for vesical diverticu- lum, ii, 381 Varicocele, with malignant tumor of kid- ney, ii, 282 Vasa rectae, i, 162 Vascular pedicle, tying of, in nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis, ii, 76 Vascularization of .kidneys. 651 Wassermann reaction, in syphilis of urin- ary tract, ii, 188 Water, drinking of, in pyelitis, ii, 207 in treatment of renal and ureteral cal- culus, ii, 137, 138 urine affected by consumption of, i, 307 Water cystoscope, catheterizing of ureters by, i, 298 disinfection of, 294 essentials in, i, 285 examination by, i, 296 • in functional tests for renal insufficiency, i, 334 for inspection and irrigation, i, 292 lenses in, i, 287 modifications of, i, 289 optical principles of, i, 287 principles of, i, 284 prism in, i, 288 structure of, i, 286 types of, i, 285 varieties of, i, 289 in vesical tumor, ii, 530 Watson's method for total extirpation of bladder, ii, 551 Wax-tipped catheter. X-raySy use of^ in diagnosis of vesical tu- mor, ii, 531 value of, in operation for renal calculus, ii, 138, 143 X-ray picture, criteria of, i, 351 field covered by, i, 351 X-ray picture, Fenwick's rules for interpre- tation of, i, 352, 357, 360, 362 Teast cells in pneumaturia, i, 227 Young's lithotrite, ii, 176 (1) 1 I , 1 1 < •^>'V [AT LBKABY HC 2B7fl U v.-. 