None
Races: General description of, i, 223-225; number of basic, i, 210, 211; of Europe, anthropologically defined, i, 218. Races or peoples: Abstract of dictionary of, i, 205-283; native to immigrant-furnishing countries, list of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; classification according to, instead of by countries, explained, i, 97, 170, 209, 210, 234, 235; European, population and emi- gration, i, 214. (See also separate rades.) Race distribution of employees: In manufacturing and mining, i, 332-335, 343-348' m Western Division, i, 635, 636. (See also Racial classification ) Race prejudice: In manufacturing and mining, i, 501, 502; against Chinese, i, 657; aLMinst Japanese, i, 660, 661, 666, 673, 675, 676; against East Indians, i, 682 causes Misplacement of races m Hawaii, i, 712, 713. Racial classification: Adopted by Immigration Commission, i, 17; of New England ton-mill operatives i, 511, 512; of bituminous coal mine employees, i, 506- of employees of various glass factories, i, 522-524, 526, 527. (See also Country of birth, itive-born, Foreign-born Nationality, Nativity and race, New and old immigra- tion, Races or peoples, and separate races.) Racial displacements. See Displacements, racial. 5f«Jp 11 Fore^^°rn in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., ii, 8. ;m"1orthDaLtb°ca v^V^^'™^' 4°5' 4°6; peona^e in Mi™esota i camps, 11, 447; East Indians m construction work in California -I., pays bonus on immigrants who will work on, ii, 608. (See aho i:a.nH.y.^\ . K.. jr., prepared report on immigrant banks, i, 3; abstract of report, ii, Ranke, Otto, investigations of phenomena of growth referred to ii m E- '730- («-'- Causes of emigr, - • • - ; on the Morlaks, i, 229. ' ' 3; statlstlcs of religions in Ireland, Index. 887 Recommendations: Of Immigration Commission, i, 30, 45-48, 691; ii, 577, 602; White-slave traffic law a result of, i, 30; ii, 577; Government supervision of ships carrying steerage passengers, ii, 602; East Indians, i, 691; of various persons regard- ing immigrant banking, ii, 437, 438; of Industrial Commission, ii, 574; of various Congressional committees, ii, 570-572. (See also Investigations.) Recruits, military, per cent of illiteracy among, various countries, i, 177. Red Russian, definition of term, i, 267. (See also Ruthenian.) Registration: System of registration, certification, and identification of Chinese, proposed 1882, ii, 580; of Chinese, required, ii, 581-583. Regulation of immigration, President authorized to send commissioners abroad for, i, 10, 28. Regulations regarding — Admission or exclusion, ii, 748-769; cattlemen, ii, 776; deportation, ii, 769-774; head tax, ii, 747, 748; insular territory, ii, 779,780; miscellany, ii, 776-780; transit, ii, 774, 775. (See also Immigration law.) Rejections, law regarding, ii, 750. (See also Aliens debarred.) Religions: Of India, i, 248; of Russia, i, 264; United Greek Church, i, 267; of Serbo- Croatians, i, 230; number of Christians in Persia, i, 259, majority of Japanese on Pacific coast adhere to Buddhist faith, i, 675; cooperation of Canadian immigration department with church authorities, ii, 627. Religious oppression: Little emigration due to, i, 185, 187; aliens coming to United States to escape, recommendations regarding, i, 10; ii, 574, 575. Remittances abroad. See Money sent abroad. Rent paid: In various industries, i, 298-4512; in manufacturing and mining, i, 419-422; average per apartment, room, and person, i, 420; native and foreign born compared, i, 420, 421; old and new immigration compared, i, 421, 422; immigrants in cities, i, 729, 730, 756-759; higher in cities on Atlantic coast than on Great Lakes, i, 729. (See also separate races.) Repatriation: Of Canadians in United States, desired by Canada, ii, 617; of certain classes of immigrants to Brazil, ii, 647. Reports of Immigration Commission, list of, i, 21. Residence in locality, length of: Immigrants in cities, i, 730; in agricultural pursuits, i, 604. Residence in United States, length of: Immigrants in manufacturing and mining, i, 348-356; in cities, i, 728, 740; in agriculture, i, 573, 603; in the West, i, 636, 637, 645 ; of insane aliens, ii, 246, 247; of alien prisoners, ii, 174, 175,211,218-220; of charity patients, ii, 263-266, 279-285, 290; of departing aliens, i, 116, 183; of students of higher educational institutions, ii, 84, 85; effects of, on ability to speak English, i, 477-481, 610, 648, 690, 769; on literacy, i, 445, 446, 613, 771; on citizenship, i, 488, 690; on return visits abroad, i, 181, 461-463; on keeping of boarders and lodgers, i, 751; on congestion, i, 746; on charity seeking, ii, 147-151; on bodily form, ii, 507, 527-535, 548; on retardation of school children, ii, 41. (See also Previous residence 1 in United States, Return movement, and Visits abroad.) Restriction of immigration: Recommendations, i, 47, 48; favored by Senate, 1906-7, i, 11. Retardation of school children, ii, 26-31, 36-43. Return movement: Permanent and transient emigration, i, 179-181; largely com- posed of recent immigrants, i, 24, 181; character of, i, 184; causes, i, 184; effects of, in Europe, i, 169, 184, 185; influence on emigration from Europe, i, 187, 188; effect of industrial depression, i, 500, 514; men without families, i, 38; effect on foreign- born population, i, 124, 125; Bravas, i, 600; Mexicans, i, 682; Italians, from Lawrence, Mass., i, 514; of United States emigrants to Canada, ii, 618; steamship companies required to furnish lists of outgoing passengers, ii, 575. (See also Aliens departing, Emigration, Previous residence in United States, Residence in United States, Visits abroad, etc.) Rhode Island: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italian communities, i, 560; employees in manu- factures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity, ii, 232; fecundity of women, ii, 457- 469, 494-500; immigrant banks, ii, 414; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434; bank commissioner quoted, ii, 438. Ripley, W. Z., classification of races, i, 218, 224, 225, 245, 253, 255, 265, 269, 280. Robinson, author of Loom and Spindle, quoted, i, 508, 509. Rochester, N. Y.: Immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigrant banks, ii, 413. Rockford, 111.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Rocky Mountain States: Abstract of report on, i, 617-694; conclusions, i, 41 ; few immigrant banks, ii, 415. (See also Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States.) Romance or Italic population, i, 226. Romany. See Gypsy. 888 The Immigration Commission. Rooms, average number per apartment, immigrants in cities, i, 741, 742. (See also Congeetion/Houeing conditions, Persons per room, etc.) Rope,rt\vine, and hemp manufacturing, employees in, i, 336T348. Rose (' investigations of phenomena of growth, referred to, 11, 553. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. R,.umania- Departments of, ii, 697; races of, ii. 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i ••»;;*• number of Roumanians in, i, 263; Gypsies, i, 245; Hebrews, i, 246; illiteracy in, i, 177; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United Stat«-, i, 13-1; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347; literacy, i, 438^47. t T~V /» "j.* in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number in Roumania, i, 263; number in Servia, i, 231; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356; ii, 84; resi- dence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461- 463, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412, 417; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237, 238; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474—484; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 418; con- jugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Canada, ii, 612, 625. Royal Italian Agricultural Commission, investigation by, i, 165. Rudler, estimate of population of Holland, i, 232. Runners: Employed by immigrant banks to solicit patronage, ii, 420, 421; by steam- ship agents to solicit emigration, ii, 384. Rural immigration, origin of Italian, i, 561-563. (See also Agriculture, recent immi- grants in.) Russia: Divisions of, ii, 697, 698; races of, i, 266; ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 265, 266; illiteracy, i, 177; Germans in, i, 242; Gypsies, i, 245; Hebrews, i, 246, Poles, i, 259; Roumanians, i, 263; Lithuanian and Lettish population, i, 254, 255; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; steerage laws referred to, ii, 599, 600; deserting seamen from, at New York, ii, 360; emigration, except of Poles and Hebrews, prohibited, i, 168, 190, 260; emigration not general, i, 186; steamship ticket agents induce emigration, i, 190, 191; immigration from, i, 214 215 243 265' mil i yes of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime 11, 164, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 2; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age •^SP^Jl' ^o"467,' earnin£8> i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condi- Index. 889 etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817, 827, 836; in silk mills, i, 836; steam railroad employees, 827; teachers, i, 819, 820, 836; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812, 827, 836; in to- bacco and cigar making, i, 827, 836; in trade and transportation, i, 827, 836; in woolen mills, i, 836; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insan- ity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 244, 249, 270; crime, ii, 164, 174, 198-204, 211- 220; status of children, ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 418, 419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 469-482, 494-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home owner- ship, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426- 430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return move- ment, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Hawaii, i, 703, 705, 707, 708, 710, 715, 721; in Canada, ii, 612, 625; immigrants to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. (See also Great Russian, Little Russian, White Russian, and Ruthenian.) Russian Empire: Number of Finns in, i, 237; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167. Ruthenian: Definition, i, 267-269; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 269, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 268; number in Austria- Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463^467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349- 356; ii, 84; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405^411, 764-766; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; status of children, i, 470-474; in schools,, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 33-37, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484, citizenship, i, 484-^89; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461^63; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. S. Safarik, opinion of, on Slovak dialects, i, 276, 277. Sailing vessels: Steerage conditions, 1819-1855, ii, 589-594; number of immigrants landed at Castle Garden, 1856-1873, ii, 595; tonnage employed in carriage of emi- grants, Europe to United States, January to June, 1847, ii, 595. St. Louis, Mo.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 74-teachers, ii, 52-63; immi- grants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigrant banks, ii, 413, 415; foreign depart- ments in banks, ii, 418; immigration to boot and shoe industry, i, 519. St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Md./ii, 8. St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Cleveland, Ohio, ii, 8. St. Paul, Minn., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. St. Paul College of Law, St. Paul, Minn., ii, 8. St. Vincent's Seminary, German town, Pa., ii, 8. Salesmen, agents, etc., male breadwinners reported as, i, 793-795, 821-829. Saleswomen, female breadwinners reported as, i, 815-817, 830-838. Salient characteristics of recent immigrant labor supply, i, 4987500. Saloon keepers and bartenders, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Salopoulos, N., Greek consul-general at Chicago, letters from, ii, 397, 398. Salt refining near San Francisco, Japanese engaged in, i, 664. Salvation Army, English, promotes emigration to Canada, ii, 608. an Francisco, Cal.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153; p lie school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, _ ii, 52-63; parochial school _£1~ I GA TO >7K.' TTYTrviinTo-nf a aa /->V>or*i tir aoolrora 11 QQ_1 1 .^ • mirnHar nf TT.Qaf pupils, ii, 64, 72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; number of East Indians admitted at port, January to September, 1910, i, 677. Sanitation. See Housing conditions, Toilet accommodations, Water supply, etc. Sanscritic. See Aryan. Sardinia. See Italy, number of immigrants from. Sargent, Frank P., quoted, i, 201. 72289°— VOL 1—11 57 890 The Immigration Commission. Savannah, Ga., deserting alien seamen, ii, 360. Savings: of Hast Indians, i, 681; of Japanese, i, 675; of immigrants in Hawaii, i, 717. (See also Home ownership, Money sent abroad, etc.) Saw and planing mill employees, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. im migration to Canada, ii, 611. Scandinavia: Illiteracy almost nonexistent, i, 178; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427; natives of, in United States, insane and feeble-minded among, ii, 239-242. (See also Norway, Sweden, Holland, Netherlands, etc.) 103; population and distribution, i, 271; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101; length of residence, i, 116; occupation, i, 117, 118; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 244, 249; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; in schools, i. 714; ii, 10-16; lit- eracy, i, 99, 175; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; emigrants from United States to Canada, i, 271. (See also Norwegian, Swedish, Dutch, Flemish, and Dutch and Flemish.) Schedule forms used by Immigration Commission, ii, 651-687; instructions to agents, ii, 688-727; apportionment of schedules in industrial study, i, 295. Schools: Children of immigrants in, abstract of report on, ii, 1-86; schedule forms us»-d, ii, 682-686; conclusions regarding, i, 43; Italians in the South, i, 572; children • >f immigrants in agricultural pursuits, i, 580, 600, 614; in Hawaii, i, 707, 714; in cities of United States, i, 761-763; Mexicans, i, 690; school attendance abroad, ii, 38, 39. (See also Children, status of.) Scope of investigation: Recent immigrants in agriculture, i, 550-559; seasonal agri- cultural laborers, i, 593, 594; Bohemian farmers, i, 588; Italians, i, 566, 567, 573; Poles, i, 582, 583; agriculture in the West, i, 638; changes in bodily form of de- 482; immigrant banks, ii, 413, 414; homes and aid societies, ii, 312-315, 318; manu- facturing and mining, i, 293-296; industrial households, i, 315-317; employees i 320-331, 336-342; Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 625-644; Mexicans, i, 683; peonage; ii, 444-446; steerage conditions, ii, 295; white-slave traffic, ii, 329 330; conditions in Europe, i, 165, 195. Scotch: Definition, i, 271; language, i, 225; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 243, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, I fWl • Tnr*Tir*ir /*n I a r* H i r» r* •« 1 f\O •YMW**,^^** «•.-&*. •£«„.. . TT 1__1-- * *-n r* i » 04; money on landing, i, 103, immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214, 273; number in United States, i, 273; number of househo: households and « jf. . I .MI lii.-rary, etc.,'!, 445, 44G, 401-463; ii. 147-151, 263-266, 280-285- number ±SS2SSJLl^'»»'ff52SPW»! ;> I,17.' H8, 363-366, 828, 837; in Index. 891 Scotch-Irish: Definition, i, 249; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification of charity patients, ii, 286-290; length of residence, i, 349-356 ; residence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263-266; wages and earnings, i, 363-403; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 49-61; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; location of wife, i, 459, 460. Scotland : Counties of, ii, 698; population, i, 273; insanity, ii, 248, 249; Irish immigrants to, i, 250; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188, 205-211; insanity and feeblemindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; in bituminous coal mining, i, 506; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Scranton, Pa.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Seamen, alien: Abstract of report on, ii, 351-369; recommendation, i, 45; legislation regarding, ii, 758-761, 799, 800; not subject to immigration law, ii, 355, 359; proposed new immigration act, ii, 367; naturalization of, ii, 829; Chinese on American ships, ii, 583, 584; number of Chinese entering United States ports, ii, 357; number desert- ing, ii, 356-358, 363; discharged and resigned, ii, 362, 363; brought over with under- standing that they will desert, ii, 357, 361; extracts from reports of Commissioner- General of Immigration concerning, ii, 355-358; not subject to Australian immi- gration law, ii, 633. Seamstresses, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830^-838. (See also Needle trades.) Seasonal labor: Definition of term, i, 551; races studied, i, 551, 593-601; Italians in New York, i, 573, 575; East Indians, i, 679; Mexicans, i, 687, 688; Chinese, i, 659; recent immigrants, in West, i, 649; immigrants from Hawaii, i, 711; wages and hours of labor, i, 597; padrone system, i, 596, 597; assimilation slow, i, 575, 600; white labor in hop-fields, i, 693; crews of pickers organized by employers, i, 693; in Cali- fornia, i, 668; white, obtained through employment agencies, i, 693. Seattle, Wash. : Immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; prosecutions for white-slave traffic, ii, 350. Second generation, definition of term as here used, i, 777. Segregation of immigrants: Effects of, i, 496, 497; old and new immigration, i, 536, 540, 648; in agriculture, i, 569, 570; by employers, i, 647; assimilation of Japanese in spite of, i, 675. Selection of immigrants, Canada's policy, ii, 607, 608, 610-613. Senate Committee on Immigration, amendments proposed by, 1906, i, 9, 10. Separation of sexes in steerage: Legislation of 1860, ii, 594; of 1882, ii, 597. (See also Steerage conditions and Steerage legislation.) Seraphic, A. A., padrone-system inspector, and author of report, i, 3; ii, 391; report, ii, 387-408. Serb. See Croatian. Serbo-Croatian population and distribution, i, 230. (See al o Croatian and Slovenian.) Serbo-Horvatian. See Croatian. Sergi: Classification of races, i, 218; opinion of, as to origin of Italians, i, 250. Serres, classification of races, i, 277. Servants and waiters: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i. 804-806, 830-838. (See also Domestic and personal service.) Servia: Departments of, ii, 698; population, i, 231; illiteracy, i, 177; number of Gypsies in, i, 245; Roumanians, i, 263; Serbo-Croatians, i, 230; immigrant remittances to, ii, 429. (See also Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro.) Servian- Definition, i, 273; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215; pro- portion of males, i, 98; population in Europe, i, 214; number in Austria-Hungary, L 219- number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, .627-636^6 Classification, ^ 463^467^ 737-739; 11, ^OU — £*J\J ] 447, fng^Hteracy, etc.', i,~445,~446, 461-463, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 263-266; occupation, i, 363-366, 761 762 wages and earnings, i, 36(M03, 405-411 ,764-766; family income, i 412-417- charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, 11, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii 270; gainful occupation in the home i 752; status of children, i, 763; in schools, n, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66 76-80, pro- portion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 438-447, 770, 771; English-speaking,!, 892 The Immigration Commission. 474_484, 768-770; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771, 772; in labor unions, i, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; boarding groups, i, 739; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; visits abroad, i, 461^463; immigrants to Canada, ii, 612. Sewing-machine manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Sex: Of immigrants, 1820-1910, i, 57-60, 82-96; 1899-1910, 97, 171; departing aliens, i, 115, 183; charity patients, ii, 262, 286-288; immigrants in cities, i, 736, 737; immigrants in industries, i, 318-331, 336-342; population of Hawaii, i, 700. Shaw. Frank L., author of report on federal immigration legislation, i, 4; abstract of report, ii, 557-584. Sheets, Nellie F., assisted in preparation of report on immigrants in cities, i, 2. Shenandoah, Pa.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Shirt, collar, and cuff makers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. (See also Collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing.) Shoe industry, employees studied, in West, i, 627-634. (See also Boot and shoe manufacturing.) Shoe-shining parlors: Peonage and padrone system, ii, 393-405, 447; Greeks in almost entire control, ii, 402; promoters of, ii, 398. Shutdowns, oversupply of labor causes curtailed number of working days, i, 39, 367. Siarhras, A. I. and D. I., parties to Greek loan contract, ii, 407, 408. Siamese students in higher educational institutions, ii, 77, 84. Siberia: Emigration of Russians to, i, 265; immigration from, to Hawaii, i, 705, 721. Sicilian: Definition of term, i, 273, 274; population, i, 273; large proportion among Italians in Louisiana, i, 568; in Italian agricultural communities, i, 565; measure- ments of native and foreign born compared, ii, 506-509, 514, 515, 518-524, 526 532, 533, 542-545; treatment of infants, ii, 547. (See also Italian, South.) Sicily: Population, i, 273; emigration from, i, 273, 274. (See also Italy, number of immigrants from.) Silesian, definition of term, i, 241. Silk goods manufacturing and dyeing: Summary of data secured, i, 303, 304; house- holds and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; immi- gration to Patereon, N. J., i, 529; established where cheap woman and child labor is available, i, 541. Silk-mill operatives, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Simmons College, Boston, Mass., ii, 8. Sims, Edwin W., United States district attorney in Chicago, quoted, ii, 336, 344, 350 prosecutions, ii, 347, 350. Size of apartments and of households: Immigrants in industries, i, 426-430; in cities, 741-743. (See also Congestion, Housing conditions, Persons per household and Per- sons per room.) Skill.-d labor. See Labor, skilled. Slaughtering and meat packing: Summary of data secured, i, 298, 299; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; earnings, i, 396-404 Slav: Definition of term, i, 274-276; classification of Slavic tongues, i, 274- popula- , tion of Slavic race, i, 275; treatment of infants, ii 547 Slavic. See Slav. Stovonia and Croatia, number of Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230 198^204 : efiniti°n °f term' *' 277' 2785 "' 173' 199> immigrants and crime, ii, 173, Slavonic population, i, 226. (See also Slav.) keeping arrangements. See Persons per room Sleeping quarters in steerage, described, ii, 296 Sleswick, number of Danes in, i, 271 Slovak: Definition, ' """ "=a Index. 893 residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in agricultural pursuits, i, 591; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 762; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770, ii, 151, 152; citizen- ship, i, 484-489, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417^19; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; changes in bodily form, ii, 510, 511, 518-524, 526; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. Slovaktown, Ark., a Slovak agricultural colony, i, 591. Slovenian: Definition, i, 277-279; language, i, 278; number of immigrants admitted, i, 214, 215, 279; population in Europe, i, 279; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 640-642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 737-739; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637, 740; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 363-366, 761, 762; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; proportion of chil- dren, i, 739; literacy, i, 444-447, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771, 772; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i,' 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. (See also Croatian and Slovenian.) Smelting: Employees studied, in West, i, 627-629; Japanese in Utah and Nevada, i, 664. (See also Metalliferous mining and smelting.) Smerlis, promoter of Greek shoe-shining parlors, ii, 398, 399. Smith, Joseph R., author, referred to, ii, 594. Societies, aid. See Homes and aid societies. Sources of immigration, conclusions regarding, i, 23, 24. (See also Country of origin.) South: Expansion in bituminous coal mining, i, 505, 506; output of coal, and number of employees, West Virginia and Alabama, i, 505; racial classification of employees, i, 505, 506; history of labor organizations, i, 534; Italians in agriculture, i, 566-572; peonage, ii, 443-446; few immigrant banks, ii, 415. South America: Immigration situation in Argentina and in Brazil, ii, 639-643, 645-647; number of Italians in, i, 252; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; literacy, i, 438-447. (See also Argentina and Brazil.) South American: Number of employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; charity seekers, ii, 96-101; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489.. South Australia: Immigration and emigration, 1851-1901, ii, 632; assisted immigra- tion to, ii, 633. (See also Australia.) South Carolina: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; insanity, ii, 232; cases of peonage, ii, 445; no regulation of private or immigrant banking, ii, 435. South Dakota: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; regulation of banking, ii, 435; emigration to Canada, ii, 617. South Glastonbury, Conn., Italian agricultural colony near, i, 561. South Italian. See Italian, South. South Omaha, Nebr.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23; teachers, ii, 52-63. South Sea Islanders, immigrants to Hawaii, i, 700, 702, 703. Southampton, England: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. The Immigration Commission. Southwest: Expansion in bituminous coal mining, i, 504; output of coal, and number of employees, Kansas and Oklahoma, i, 504; racial classification of employees, i, 504, 506; history of labor organizations, i, 536, 537; few immigrant banks, ii, 415. Space required for steerage passengers: Legislation, i, 11; ii, 590-599; regulations of British Board of Trade, 1908, ii, 598; lounging and dining rooms recommended, ii, 598 599- superficial deck area versus cubical system, ii, 599; height between decks, ii 599-601; United States, British, German, and Italian laws, ii, 600, 601. Spain: Provinces of, ii, 698; population, i, 279; number of Gypsies in, i, 245; illiteracy, i 177- steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599-600; number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167, 214, 280; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447. from Honolulu, i, 711, 712; number in Europe, i, 214, 279; in Cuba, i, 231; in Hawaii, i, 713; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 641, 642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age classification, i, 463^167; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English- speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447; 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173. 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477- 481; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363^366; on sugar plantations, i, 715; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; prostitution, ii, 332; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76^0; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438^47; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; loca- tion of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-126; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461^63; in Hawaii, i, 713, 715; immigrants to Canada, ii, 612; to Argentina, ii, 640, 641; to'Brazil, ii, 645, 646. Spanish- American: Definition, i, 280; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 280; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101; length of residence, i, 116; ii, 84; occupation, i, 117, 118; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, ^^J.^O^iteracy, i, 99; return movement, i, 112-118. effect of recent immigrants Mexicans, 1910, i, 71 and earnings, etc.) State control of immigration, end of, ii, 564, 567. Staterooms versus dormitories, for steerage passengers, ii, 601 602 ical review of immigration, 1820-1910, abstract of, i, 51-118; sources of data, i, Statistics: Of immigration to United States, required by law of 1819 i, 55" ii 561 590' t$^£3^^*?^> i> 176J unpublished, of Bureau of Immigration Index. 895 Steamship ticket agents: Emigration induced by, i, 25, 189-192; ii, 384-386; bonus paid to, by Canada, ii, 607, 608; peddlers in New York City, ii, 421; immigrant bankers as, ii, 415, 416, 433; various State laws regarding, ii, 436. Steel industry. See Iron and steel manufacturing. Steerage conditions: Abstract of report on, ii, 291-303; conclusions, i, 30; recommen- dations, i,46; ii, 602; trans- Atlantic, ii, 295-302; coastwise, ii, 302, 303; early, caused suffering and death, ii, 589, 590; regulated by law of 1819, ii, 561; law amended 1847 and 1848, ii, 564; investigation of, 1873, ii, 596; law of 1882 amended 1907, ii, 577; on sailing vessels, 1819-1855, ii, 589-594; on steamships, ii, 594-602; present unfavor- able conditions the result of nonenforcement of existing laws, ii, 602; section' 42, law of 1907, ii, 743, 744; Government supervision of ships at sea, recommended, ii, 602; emigrant-carrying ships to Argentina, ii, 642. (See also Steerage legislation.) Steerage legislation: Abstract of report on, ii, 585-602; act of 1819, ii, 590, 591; of 1847, ii, 591, 592; of 1848, ii, 592, 593; of 1855, ii, 593, 594; passenger act of 1882, ii, 596, 597; navigation act amended, 1907, ii, 743, 744; recent legislation, ii, 597-600; cubic air space per passenger required, 1908, ii, 601; vessels subject to laws -of both country of departure and country of destination, ii, 601; bills providing for Government supervision of ships at sea, pending in Congress, ii, 602. (See also Steerage con- ditions, Immigration law, Legislation, etc.) _ Stella, Antonio, quoted as to treatment of Italian infants, ii, 547. Stenographers and typewriters, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Story, Justice, dissenting opinion from Supreme Court decision regarding New York immigration law, ii, 567. Stowaways: Report on, ii, 351-369; regulation regarding, ii, 761; number entering United States, ii, 363-367; specific cases, ii, 363, 364; not regarded as immigrants, ii, 365. Street railway transportation, Japanese employed in, Los Angeles, i, 664. (See also Electric railway transportation.) Strike-breakers: Recent immigrants as, in West, i, 646; Japanese, i, 664; Mexicans, i, 685, 686. Sugar-cane growing, Italians in, i, 570, 571. Sugar industry of Hawaii, i, 699, 714-716, 720-722; planters' association, i, 703, 704, 716. Sugar refining: Summary of data secured, i, 312, 313; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333; earnings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394. (See also Beet- sugar industry.) Summer boarders on Hebrew farms, i, 578. Sunny- side, Ark., Italian agricultural colony, i, 567, 568; Superintendent of immigration, office authorized 1891, ii, 571. Superior, Wis.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. Supervision, greater, required among non-English-speaking employees, i, 538. Supreme Court, United States: Recommended national control of immigration, 1876, ii, 567, 578; New York immigration law of 1824, ii, 567; Massachusetts immigration law of 1837, ii, 567; various other State laws declared unconstitutional, ii, 568; decision in Keller case, ii, 331. SUE Sweden: Divisions of, ii, 699; population, i, 214, 271; illiteracy, i, 177; insanity, ii, 248 249* steerage laws, referred to, ii, 600; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607', 608; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1*882 and 1907, i, 167, 214, 271; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 205-211; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. (See also Scandinavia.) Swedish: Definition, i, 271; number of immigrants admitted, i, 214; population in Europe, i, 214; number in Finland, i, 236, 271; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 639-642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^463, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 828, 837- occupation, i, 363-366, 761, 762, 828, 837; in agricultural pursuits, i, 548, 549, 800' 828 837- in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 828; in building trades, i, 789, 790, 828; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 828, 837; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 837; in cotton mills, i, 828, 837; in domestic and personal service, i 804-806, 828, 837; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785, 828; laborers, i, 780, 781, 896 The Immigration Commission. steam railroad employees, i, 828; teachers, i, 819, 820, 837; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812, 828, 837; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 828, 837; in trade and trans- portation, i, 828, 837; in woolen mills, i, 837; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275; insanity and mental defects, ii, 238, 270; crime ii, 198, 204; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-66, 71, 72, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 438-447, 770, 771. English-speaking, i, 474-484, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771. 77L'; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 1:17-142; fecundity, ii, 457-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 7-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 'i-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; visits abroad, i, 461^463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528; in Canada, ii, 612, 625; immigrants to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. (See also Scandinavian.) Swiss: Definition, i, 241, 280; population, i, 280; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 829, 838; occupation, i, 829, 838; in agricultural pursuits, i, 549, 550, 800, 829, 838; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 829; in building trades, i, 790, 829; in clerical pursuits, i, 792, 815, 829, 838; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 838; in cotton mills, i, 829, 838; in domestic and personal service, i, 806, 829, 838; iron and steel workers, i, 785, 829; laborers, i, 781, 829; in laundries, i, 838; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 829, 838; miners and quarrymen, i, 783, 829; in needle trades, i, 809, 838; in paper and pulp mills, i, 838; peddlers, i, 829, 838; in professional service, i, 798, 829, 838; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 794, 817, 829, 838; in silk mills, i, 838; steam railroad employees, i, 829; teachers, i, 820. 838; in textile mills, i, 787, 812, 829, 838; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 829, 838; in trad.- and transportation, i, 829, 838; in woolen mills, i, 838; wages and earnings, .403; charity seekers, ii, 96-101; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; fecundity, ii, 469-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; in Canada, ii, 612, 626; immi- irrant.s to Argentina, ii, 640, 641; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. Switzerland: Cantons of, ii, 699; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, : number of French in, i, 240; Germans, i, 242; Italians, i, 252; illiteracy, i, 177; insanity, ii, 248, 249; no emigration problem of importance, i, 168; Canada mducea immigration from, ii, 607; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and ^ 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Syracuse, N. Y., immigrant banks in, ii, 413. Syria, population and number of Christians, i, 281. 47 4«rftd -™ . . - n eracy, , , 84, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173 357-363 760- lemrtti En^±nCV nV4&-356' 740; »• 84' 85' «**>*<" « United Sta^ e'ffecf on -speaking, literacy, etc., 445, 446, 461-163, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 147-151 P2s66^r^' !' I'E8' 363-36?> ™.!«?-. '"-1 f-m labor, i, 594 apartment, i, 755; return •"'•nt i 112-118 180 Ma*,, i, 514,515* Index. 897 T. Tableware, glass. See Glass manufacturing. Tacoma, Wash.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153 Tailors: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838. Tampa, Fla.: Households studied in cigar and tobacco investigation, i, 313; deserting alien seamen, ii, 360. Tanneries. See Leather manufacturing. Tariff, sugar industry of Hawaii stimulated by protection, i, 701. Tasmania: Immigration and emigration, 1851-1901, ii, 632; assisted immigration ii 633. (See also Australia.) Tataric. See Finno-Tataric, Russian, etc. Tatars, number in Roumania, i, 263. (See also Russian and Turkish.) Tax: Of foreign miners, Californiar 1853, ii, 578; of Chinese, California, i, 657; ii, 578; income, Hawaii, i, 704, 717; 75 per cent of income tax appropriated for encouraging immigration, Hawaii, i, 704. (See also Head tax.) Teachers: In public school investigation, ii, 48-63; schedule form used, ii, 686; male breadwinners reported as, i, 818; female breadwinners, i, 818-820, 830-838. (See also Schools.) Tehuantepec, isthmus of, immigration to Hawaii by way of, i, 721. Telegraph and telephone operators, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Temple College, Philadelphia, Pa., ii, 8. Tennessee: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129; Italian communities, i, 560, 566; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; number of immigrants in bituminous coal mines, negligible, i, 505, 506; regulation of banking, ii, 435; cases of peonage, ii, 445; insanity, ii, 232. Teutonic: Definition of term, i, 281; population, i, 226; classification of languages, i, 281. % Texas: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; German farmers, i, 548; Polish farmers, i, 583; Japanese in agriculture, i, 592; Italian communities, i, 560, 566; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; immigrants destined to, i, 105- 109; competes with Canada for immigrants, ii, 609; regulation of banking, ii, 435; insanity, ii, 232. Textile-mill operatives: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 786-788, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 610-613, 811, 812, 830-838; females in Massachusetts, i, 810. (See also Cotton goods manufacturing, Silk goods manufacturing and dyeing, Woolen and worsted manufacturing, Carpet manufacturing, and Hosiery and knit goods manufacturing.) Theodore, Const., Greek physickn in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Theological Seminary of Evangelical Lutheran Church, Chicago, 111., ii, 8. Theology, students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. Third-class accommodations: Have replaced steerage on several trans-Atlantic ships, ii, 600; on sailing vessels only, until 1850, ii, 594. (See also Steerage conditions.) Thurston, L. A., former commissioner of immigration, Hawaii, quoted, i, 702, 703. Ticket agents. See Steamship ticket agents. Tips paid to Greek bootblacks, taken by padrones, ii, 402. Tobacco and cigar making: Summary of data secured, i, 313; households and em- ployees studied, i, 294, 323-333, 627-634; earnings, i, 396-403; established where cheap woman and child labor is available, i, 541; Chinese in, San Francisco, i, 655, 659; male bread winners reported as in, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838. Toilet accommodations: For steerage passengers, laws of 1848 and 1908, ii, 593, 599; of households of immigrants in cities, i, 754, 755. (See also Steerage conditions and Housing conditions.) Toledo, Ohio, immigrant banks in, ii, 413. Toronto, Ontario, stature of children in, ii, 555. Tourists: Arriving in United States, destinations of, 1899-1910, i, 105; regulation regarding, ii, 775. (See also Transits.) Trachoma: Defined, i, 110; classed as a dangerous contagious disease, 1897, i, 194; specialists are employed to detect, i, 198. Tractability: Characteristic of races of recent immigration, i, 500, 501; Mexican railroad employees, i, 684. Trade, immigrants in cities engaged in, i, 761, 762. Trade and transportation: Male bread winners engaged in, i, 821-829; female bread- winners, i, 830-838. Trade unions. See Labor organizations. Traders, clerks, etc., number emigrating to Canada, ii, 613. 898 The Immigration Commission. Trans-Atlantic traffic. See Steerage conditions, Steamship companies, Third-class accommodations, etc. Transient immigration. See Return movement. Transits, law regarding, ii, 732, 748, 774, 807-809 Transportation: Interstate, of prostitutes, forbidden, ii, 578, 745; companies prohibited from in- ducing immigration, ii, 386, 734; elimination of American ships from emigrant- carrying trade, ii, 594, 595; of steerage passengers, lines now engaged in, i, 190; number of trans-Atlantic steerage passengers, 1899-1910, i, 183, 184; steerage conditions, i, 30; ii, 295-303; legislation regarding, ii, 589-602; fare advanced to contract laborers, i, 29; immigrants in cities engaged in, i, 761, 762; facilities poor in Hawaii, i, 719; from Japan to Honolulu, cost of, i, 703; continuous journey from own country to destination demanded of some immigrants to Canada, ii, 622, 623, 629; transshipment of immigrants for New Zealand pro- hibited, ii, 638. Provided for immigrants by — Argentina, ii, 643; Australia, ii, 631; Brazil, ii, 647; Canada, ii, 609, 616; New Zealand, ii, 637. (See also Electric railway transportation, Steam railway transportation, Street rail way transportation, Assisted immigration, Steerage conditions, etc.) Treaties: Agreement between United States and other powers for repression of trade in white women, ii, 327; between United States and China, various, ii, 578-581, 583. 783, 784. Treatment of immigrants in charity hospitals, various causes of, ii, 267-285. (See also Charity hospitals.) Trieste, Austria-Hungary: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Tripoli, Greek bootblacks from, ii, 399. - Tsinteare: Definition of term, i, 262; number of, i, 282. Tufte College, Medford, Mass., ii, 8. 