None
Stand-pipe — Con. PAGE regulation, method of analysis 437 regulation with 433 surge, damping of 456 surge in 429, 454 St. Clair River, distribution of velocities 95 variations in gauge height. ... 84 Steam power, units of energy 39 Sterling Hydraulic Co., distribu- tion of water 594 Sterling Gas & Electric Co., plant of 554 Sterling Gas, Light & Power Co., turbine setting 510 Sterling, 111., fishway 659 Stream flow (see also "Hydro- graphs") 71 as affecting power 139 Bazin's formula 74 cause of variable flow 87 comparisons of different streams 143 computation of float measure- ment 131 computation of observations. . 125 data, reliability of 164 determination of channel sec- tion 76 development of principles 71 effects of variation on gradient 83 effect of change in grade 87 effect of channel condition on gradient 86 effect of obstructions. 87 effect on power of wheels. . . . 197 effect on power 139 efficiency of section 74 estimates from cross-section and slope 112 factors of 139 flood, effect on head 532 floods, study of 728 flow in river channels 80 hydrograph 141 information, best available... 166 Kutter's formula 73 laws of . . 71 Stream flow — Con. PAGE literature 108, 166 measurement Ill measurement, literature on... 137 measurement by current meter 122 measurement by determining velocity 119 measurement by floats 129 measurement, methods of 112 measurement by orifices 113 measurement by weirs 113 measurement, value of single 131, 142 necessity for broad knowledge 140 necessity for measurement... Ill practical study of 148 preliminary investigation 725 relation to gauge heights 91 reliability of comparative 164 sources of data 149 study of 726 symbols used 71, 111 variation in factors 81 velocity variations 94 Wisconsin River at Kilbourn. 82 St. Lawrence, financial considera- tions 704 Stocks, water power developments 710 Stocks and bonds, water power de- velopment 711 Storage 168 analytical methods of calcula- tion 184 calculations for 177 cumulative curve 177 definition of 168 effect of large 173 effect of limited 172 effect of maximum 175 graphical methods of calcula- tion . 179 literature 185 required on Wisconsin River for various conditions 172 study of 729 Sturgess Engineering Department, governor, hydraulic 473 governor, test results 478 Index. 837 Sturgess Eng. Dept. — Con. PAGE relief valve 493 Sturgess, John, governor tests by 478 Surge, amplitude, reduction of 456 range in stand-pipe 429 stand-pipe 454 Swain, A. M., testing wheels 339 Symbols, machinery selection 331 power 26 stream flow 71 stream flow measurement 112 turbine regulation 408 turbine analysis 372 turbine hydraulics 276 turbine testing 334 Tables, miscellaneous, five halves powers 741 three halves powers 737, 739 turbine tests 743 velocities due to heads 742 Tailrace, pump in 270 Tailwater, curve of 187 relation to dam 195 relation of head water 188 Tainter gate 648 Tallulah Falls (Ga.), plant 579 Tangential wheels (also see "Wa- ter Wheel") 16 early development of 15, 16 types of buckets 17 Tardy, M., development of turbine 8 Taylor, H. B., comparative efficiency of tur- bine gates 266 regulation 498 Taylor, J. W., sleeve gate 264 Telluride Power Co., testing wheels 358 wheels at Grace, Idaho 230 Telluride Transmission Plant, wa- ter wheels 233 Testing, turbine 334 Allen, C. M 366 Testing, turbine — Con. PA<.K Boott wheel by Francis 357 Boyden, Uriah A 339 Chase, Stewart 340 comparison of tests in place and Holyoke tests 366 comparison with guarantee. . . 400 early tests 338 Ellis, T. G 341 Emerson, James 339 factors influencing results.... 350 Fourneyron 338 Francis, Jas. B 339 Harper, J. L., for Niagara Hy- draulic & Mfg. Co 359 Holyoke tests 348 Holyoke, extension of 362 Holyoke, limits of 3€4 Holyoke, procedure 347 Holyoke testing flume 341 Holyoke Water Power Co 340 homologous wheels 364 homologous wheels, applica- tion of results 378 Houck Falls, X. Y 360 importance of 334 limits of i 336 literature 368 machinery, value of 334 Main, C. F 367 measurement of discharge.... 351 measurement of head 355 measurement of power 355 measurement of speed 355 Morin 339 Morris, Elwood 339 Nunn, P. N., for Telluride Pow- er Co 358 purpose of 349 range of 349 Shawinigan Power Co 360 Smeaton's experiments 336 Swain. A. M. . 339 symbols 334 tables of 743 tests in place 363 Thurston, R. H 338 under service conditions... . 348 838 Index. Testing, turbine — Con. PAGE value of 335, 347 Webber, Samuel 341 Webber, Wm. 0 358 wheels in place 336, 358 Three-halves powers, tables... 737,739 Three Rivers, Mich., relation of power, head and flow 193 Thurston, R. H., testing methods. . 338 Timber dam 616 Montana Power Company 626 Sewall's Falls 626 spillway profile 624 Time, return to normal head in regulation 455 Topographical conditions, study of 727 Toronto & Niagara Power Co., plant 606 Trade Dollar Mining Co., connec- tion of machinery 537 J Transmission, power (see "Ma- chine Connections") Trash racks 543 Tremont turbine, discharge with fixed gate 305 Trenton Falls, N. Y., plant 604 Trump Mfg. Co., turbine setting. . 510 Turbine (also see "Water Wheel"), advantages 9 analysis and selection (see "Analysis") 372 arrangement of 502 Barker's mill 5 installation, Bologna, Italy... 510 Boott wheel 11 Borda 208 Boyden-Fourneyron wheel 13 classification of 509 coefficients, characteristic, ta- bles of 389 coefficients for maximum effi- ciency 327 coefficients, relations of 323 coefficients, variations of. 323, 326 Danaide 208 design, range of 328 development of 5, 14, 214 Turbine — Con. PAGE diameter and power relations. 317 diameter, measurement 246 discharge measurement 353 energy lost 350 Francis 11, 12 friction losses, hydraulic 350 friction losses, mechanical. . . . 350 fundamental ideas 5 gate, effect on speed 315 governing (see "Regulation") homologous, comparison of... 319 homologous, testing 364 homologous, tests, application of 37S head and power relations.... 316 horizontal, installation 516 horizontal, arrangements of in- stallation 507 horizontal, installation, multi- ple tandem 520 hydraulics of (see "Hydrau- lics") hydraulics of, literature 332 homologous, test results 348 impulse, advantages 212 impulse, American 233 impulse, conditions of opera- tion 211 impulse, early development... 15 impulse, efficient speed 282 impulse, height above tailwa- ter 272 impulse, illustrations 207 impulse, speed relations 294 inward flow 11 James Leffel 223 leakage in 350 McCormick Hercules wheel... 13 modern 8 modern changes in capacity. . 13 power and diameter relations 317 power and speed 315 power coefficient 318 power, increase in recent wheels 14 reaction, advantages -12 reaction, coefficients for ?91 Index. 839 Turbine — Con. PAGE reaction, conditions of opera- tion t 211 reaction, defined 205 reaction, diameter of 295 reaction, discharge coefficient 306, 308 reaction, discharge 306 reaction, speed and energy. . . . 294 reaction, speed and head 297 reaction, speed computation.. 297 reaction, speed relation 204 regulation (see "Regulation") Roue a Cuves 8 Roue Volant 8 selection (see "Selection, Tur- bine;" see also "Machinery Selection") 372 setting 542 specific speed 320 speed and efficiency 313 speed and power relations.... 319' speed, increase in recent wheels 14 i speed regulation (see "Regula- tion") ... 408 ! Stout, Mills and Temple 13 Swain wheel 13 testing (see "Testing") 334 testing, purpose of 349 tests, range of 349 Wry fly wheel 5 Turbine installation, Calgary Power Co., Ltd 518 Concord Electric Co 513 Dolgeville Electric Light Co.. 530 Economy Light & Power Co.. 528 Gatun Power Station 513 Loches, France 510 Mississippi River Power Co... 513 Penn Iron Mining Co 522 South Bend Electric Co 510 Southern Wisconsin Power Co. 522 Sterling Gas Light & Power Co 510 submergence of 503 Trump Mfg. Co 510 Turner's Falls 517 Itica Gas & Electric Co. . . 512 Turbine installation — Con. PAGE vertical 510 vertical, arrangement of 503 vertical, connections of 509 vertical, series 513 Winnipeg Electric Railway Co. 528 Wisconsin Public Service Co.. 518 Turner's Falls, plant of 517 Tyler, Benjamin, development of turbine 5 U Uhl, W. F., governor systems 488 Umbrella, use over wheels 503 United Missouri River Power Co., plant (Wolf Creek) 578 Utica Gas & Electric Co., turbine setting 512 Vacuum, draft tube 418 Valves, needle 421 penstock 551 Valve, relief, Allis-Chalmers 495 Lombard type 491 purpose of 491 Sturgess, Ludlow Valve Mfg. Co 493 Velocity, construction of mean curves. . 134 depth of average filament. ... 99 determination of average 123 determination of, for stream flow 119 distribution in cross-section.. 94 due to heads, table 742 effect of ice cover 99 energy due to 27 jet entering turbine 301 measurement by current meter 123 penstock, energy required to change 417, 426 point of mean, under Ice. ...... 101 relative through turbine 301 vertical curve. . 97 840 Index. PAGE Venturi meter, discharge meas- urement 353 Victor turbine, discharge with fixed gate 305 Voltage, light, fluctuation 414 Vortex, prevention of 503 W Wallkill River, rating curve at New Paltz, N. Y 101 Warren, H. E., regulation, tur- bine 431 Water, distribution at various plants 594 Water hammer, consideration of 438 penstock, length of 420 pressure due to 439 propagation of 438 regulation, speed 441 velocity changes 418 velocity change in pipe line.. 442 Water power, actual available 192 auxiliary power, effect of. ... 175 conditions affecting available power 198 conservation, effect of on de- velopment 21 conditions affecting 149 cost of 669 definition of 39 demand for, and its influence 158 development (see "Water Pow- er Development") development, extent of 156 development in United States 19 early development 1 flow, effect of 139 historical notes 18 hydrograph of power 146 methods of exerting energy. . 27 pondage limited, effect of 168 river stage, effect of change. . 140 statistics of development 20 storage, large, effect of 173 Water power — Con. PAGE storage, limited, effect of 172 storage, minimum, effect of. . 175 sources of 139 value of property 696 Water power development, auxiliary power, study of. ... 730 backwater, study of 728 bonds 711 consideration of 719 construction 735 construction hazards 704 cost, elements of 707 cost estimate 731 cost, financial consideration.. 721 early 1 extent " 156 extent, study of . . . 730 fair returns for investment. . 713 financial considerations 703 financial hazards 703 financing 708, 732 head 721 head, study of 729 investigation, details of 723 investigation, extent of 722 laws, State stock and bond . . . 714 legal rights 732 maintenance 721 maintenance, contingencies... 706 market 719, 724 operation and maintenance... 735 physical investigation 730 plant design, study of 734 possibilities of financing '12 report on 732 sale of power, difficulties 717 securities 709 statistics 20 stocks 710 stocks and bonds 711 storage and pondage, study of 729 stream flow, floods 728 stream flow, study of 726 success, elements of 719 topography and geology, study of 727 United States. . 19 Index. 841 Water power development — Con. value of power 715 water supply 720 Water supply (see "Stream Flow") Water wheel (see also "Tur- bines"). advantages of single runners 239 American turbine, develop- ment of 222 American type (Dayton Globe Iron Works Co.) 220 Barker's Mill 205 bearings, horizontal turbine.. 257 bearings, thrust 259 bearings, vertical turbine 252 Borda turbine 208 Boyden diffuser 272 breast wheel 3 characteristic coefficients (see "Coefficient Turbine") Chinese Nora 1 chute case 262 classification of 204, 509 current wheel 207 Danaide turbine 208 design, improvement in 241 details, literature 274 development 14 development in America 237 development in Europe 236 development, literature 23 diameter of 222 discharge, relation to diameter 307 Doble wheel, efficiency of 214 draft tube 268 Duppinger's side fed wheel... 204 earliest type 1 early type 18 ; economic number to operate.. 201 Edison Electric Co., Kern River plant 236 efficiency guarantees 238 efficient speed 212 energy and velocity relations. 289 float wheel 1 flow, example, relation of dis- charge and diameter 309 ; Fourneyron turbine... 207,213,216! Water wheel — Con. Francis turbine 207, 214, 220 Girard turbine 206, 235 gravity wheels defined 204 half breast wheel 204 head on, for various flows. . . . 197 head, relations at Three Riv- ers, Mich 194 head variations, effect 193 height above tail water 268 high breast wheel 204 high head 237 homologous design 291 homologous design, accuracy in 292 homologous design, application of 292 homologous design, Jas. Leffel & Co 292 homologous design, S. Morgan Smith Co 292 homologous, variations in 336 Howd wheel 220 hydraulics of turbine (see "Hydraulics") impulse (see also tangential under "Water Wheel") impulse wheels, advantages... 212 impulse wheels, American .... 233 impulse wheels, conditions of operation 211 impulse wheels, early develop- ment 15 impulse wheels, height above tail water 272 impulse wheels, illustrations.. 207 Jonval turbine 207,213,218 Laxy overshot wheel 18 Leffel turbine 223, 228 limit turbines, conditions of operation 212 London bridge wheels 1.18 low head 237 maximum power 295 McCormick, J. B 22-J medium head 237 Mississippi River Power Co... 230 modern American wheels 229 Nagel turbine 207 842 Index. Water wheel — Con. PAGE Niagara Falls Hydraulic Pow- er & Mfg. Co 227 Niagara Falls Water Power Co 218 number of, effect on head and power 199 overshot wheel 3, 204, 337 peripheral speed 295 Poncelet's wheel 207 power of 192 practical limit of capacity. . . . 198 reaction wheels, advantages... 212 reaction wheels, coefficients for 291 reaction wheels, conditions of operation 211 reaction wheels, defined 205 reaction wheels, diameter of. 295 reaction, discharge coefficient 306, 308 reaction, discharge of 306 reaction wheels, speed and en- ergy 294 reaction wheels, speed and head relations 297 reaction wheels, speed compu- tation 297 reaction wheels, speed rela- tions "... 294 relative efficiencies : 212 relations of speed and effi- ciency, practical demonstra- tion 302 Roue £ Cuves 8 Roue Volant 8 runaway speed 294 Schiele turbine 207 ; Segner wheel 205 setting 542 setting (see also "Turbine In- stallation") Shawinigan Falls plant 239 single runner 239 Smith turbine 230 Snoqualmie Falls 233 specifications, importance of. . 348 speed, runaway. 298 St. Germain wheel 18 stock patterns 216 , Water wheel — Con. PAGE tangential wheel (see also im- pulse under "Water Wheel") 207 tangential wheel, efficient speed 282 tangential wheels, speed rela- tions 294 Telluride Power Co., Grace, Idaho 230 Telluride transmission plant. . 233 tests (see "Testing") Thomson's turbine 206 turbines, classification of 210 turbine details and appurten- ances 243 turbine development in United States 214 turbine discharge coefficient.. 30S turbine, discharge, effect of speed 303 turbine, efficient speed 299 turbine, flow through with fixed gate 302 turbine gates 264 turbine hydraulics (see "Hy- draulics, Turbine") turbine, peripheral speed 296 turbine, power of 310 turbine, runaway speed 301 turbine, speed and diameter.. 296 turbine, speed coefficient 306 undershot wheel 2, 204, 337 use of 209 velocity head recovered 268 velocity of periphery 295 Victor turbine 230 Water wheel runner, construction 243 corrosion 241, 245, 246, 270 details of 249 direction of rotation 251 Girard wheel 246 homologous design 249 injuries to 245 material 243 measurement of diameter 247 necessary strength 251 pressures on 260 shape of buckets 249 Index. 843 Water wheel runner — Con. PAUE single, advantage of 239 tangential wheel 246 Watt, governor 3 \\Vl>ber, Samuel, testing wheels... 341 Webber, Wm. O., testing wheels.. 358 Weirs, coefficients, diagrams 814 coefficients for 118 discharge curve, application of 188 discharge measurement. .. 351,360 effect of end contraction 117 flow over 117 measurement of streams 113 submerged, discharge measure- ment 352 Wellman, Seaver, Morgan Co., gov- ernor connections 490 Whitelaw, James, develoment of turbine 5 Winnipeg Electric Railway Co., plant 528, 569 Wisconsin, fish way 659 Wisconsin Public Service Co., plant 518,604 PAGE Wisconsin Railway Light & Power Co., flashboards 654 Wisconsin River, gradients at Kilbourn 89 graphical study of power at Kilbourn 195 hydrograph at Necedah... 141,145 rating curve at Kilbourn 92 required pondage at Kilbourn, for various conditions 169 storage capacity for various conditions 172 values of coefficients of flow.. 82 Wisconsin River Power Co., dam 622 general plan 597, 603 plant 565 Woodward Governor Co., governor, compensating 463 governors, details of 466 governor, simple 462 Work, definition of 39 Y York-Haven Water Power Co., plant 554 • ;J UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Acme Library Card Pocket Under Pat. " Ref. Index File." Made by LIBRARY BUREAU. 