None
From the above it follows naturally that loan-words are liable to change -their meanings as well as native words ; thus dichten has a very different meaning from L. dictare, ' dictate ; ' Pein, 'torment,' from L. poena, 'penalty'' Pfiitze, 'puddle, slough,' from L. puteus, ' well.' INDEX a (orthography), 69 a-stems (nouns), 100 a, change to &, 79 a (pronunc.), 70 ; (Umlaut), 80 Abdrucke, 91 Abend (afternoon), 57 Abendtheuer, 46 Abenteuer, 46, 163 aber, 131 abermals, 131 aber und aber, 131 abgefeimt, 18 Abgeordnetenhaiis, 61 abgeschaben, 122 abgeschmackt, 111 abhanden, 102 Ablative case, 134; absolute, 167 Ablaut, 82, 109, 112, 115, 116, 117 abprossen, 68 abrusten, 68 Abstract ideas, expressed by con- crete, 59 Abt, 162 abwehren, 52 abwesend, 125 Accentuation, cause of phonetic change, 7, 82, 83, 84 ; in Nhg., 71-75 ; of loan-words, 168, 169 Accusative case, 130, 134, 135 ; with Infinitive, 166 ; absolute, 167 acheln (dial.), 164 dcfit (echt), 46 Address, modes of, 54, 55 Adjeciiv, 169 Adjectives (decl.), 107-109 ; (syn- tax), 128, 136, 137 Admiral, 165 Adverbs, 129, 130 A/e, 97 Affricate, 14 ag, change to ei, 86 Ahne, 97 Aehre, 93 ai, from ei, 77 albern, 62 Alchimie, 165 Alemanic dialects, boundary of, 17 Alemans, 10, 11, 12 Algebra, 165 Al/cohol, 165 all (already), 27 alldieweil, 59 allein, 86 allenthalben, 129 allerdings, 131 allerlei, 158 Alliteration, 48, 66 Almanack, 165 Almosen, 162 Alp, 35 Alsace, 23 Altar, 161 alter, 80 altfrankisch, 60 Altmeister, 65 an (in Lg.), 136 Analogy, changes by, 41-45, 50, 63, 78, 85, 114, 121, 126 anerkenne ( = erkenne an), 32 Angebinde, 60 Angles, 10, 11, 12 Anglo-Saxon, 10 ; poetry, 48 Angst, 59 angst, 128 Anke (butter), 160 174 INDEX Anker, 160 Aulaut, 5 Aureim, see Alliteration Antipathic, 169 antipathisch, 169 antworten, 166 anwesend, 125 Arabic loan-words, 165 Arfd (dial.), 84 Argot, 54 Argivohn, 79 Arithmetik, 169 -arium, Latin words in, 171 -4erm (dial.), 91 Armbrust, 47 armherzi (barmJierzig'), 165 Article, 133 Aryan, see Indo-European Arzt, 161 Aspirates, 4 ; shifting of, 5 Assimilation, 85 Association of ideas, 46, 48, 49 -at, gender of words in, 172 A tern, 79 Atlas, 169 Aetti (dial), 26 au, from u, 20, 36, 76 ; from on, 77 ; Umlaut of, 80 au (eu), from ou, 77 ; Umlaut of au, 80 auch wenn, 133 Auerochse, 77 auf, 134 aufgedunsen, 68 Auge, 98, 99 aus, 59, 134 Auslaut, 14 (uisniargdn, 85 Austrian dialect, 28 ; provincialisms, 31 b, shifts to p, 6 ; in Middle German, 15 Backe, 35 Bag age, 1 70 Balken, 97, 165 Baltic Sea provinces, 33 bammeln, 67 Band, 55, 94 Bangigkeit, 59 Bankett, 171 Banner, 163, 169 Bar, 96 Bariere, 171 barmen, 52 barmherzig, 165 .Bars, Barsch, 187 jBasc/b' (dial. ), 60 basen, 60 Bataillon, 171 .Bawer, 31, 96 Baum, Baume, 77 Baumgarten, 65 Bavarian dialect, boundary of, 17 Bavarians, 10, 11, 12 Becher, 160 Becken, 58 bedeuten, 122 Bedienter, 57 bedingen, 63 6o?wcA (dial.), 164 befehlen, 59 (OTC&) befindlich, 32 beginnen, 114 begreifen, 59 behende, 102 beherzigen, 68 6a, 134 beitragen (an), 31 bemiiJiend ( =peinlich), 31 fie^, 81, 90 bescfoiden, 115 beschioeren, 111 besonnen, 57 bestallen, 112 bewcgen, 119 bh, shifts to b, 5 Bibelbuch, 172 Bible, Luther's translation, 29 fo'efew, 114, 119, 126 bimmeln, 67 bimunigdn (Ohg.), 162 6t«^e», 116, 117, 120, 125 £i>/fce, 38 Birne, 159 bitter, 58 bittersuss, 65 6tM^(Ohg.), 160 /««?«&, 165 blasen, 115 INDEX 175 blatteln (slang), 54 Blatter, 79 blaugriin, 65 bleiben, 126 bleichen, 52 blond, 163 Bloter (di&L), 79 ^wed (dial.), 78 Bluthe, 103 Blutigel, 47 Bogen, 97 Bohemia, 18 bohmische Dorfer, 60 .Bo?-«, 36 £ofe, 89, 95, 96, 97, 98, 103, 108 £ouquett, 171 Bouteille, 170 Brandenburg, becomes German, 19 Braten, 97 braten, 115 braun, 77 Briiutigam, 68, 102 brechen, 118 Breclmug, 81, 82, 91, 112, 113, 114, 123 brennen, 80, 111 .Bm/, 161 bi'ingen, 112, 121 JBrtse, 35 Britain, language of, 10 £ro<, 31 Bruder, 15, 103 Brunnen, 36, 97 Brunst, 57, 63 Brustkorb, 58 JSwrtft (dial. ), 78 .BwcA, 92 ^Bwc&e, 38 Biichse, 161 35 efi (dial.), 78 ial.), 26 Buhl, 87 £w/ife, 97 buohfaz, 165 Bureau, 169 -Bwr$r, 103 ^itrg-e, 97 Burgemeister, 102 blirgerlich, 166 Burgundians, 10, 11, 12 Bursche, 61 bilssen, 111 jBwtter, 35, 160 Butterbrot, 65 c, Latin, 170 causeway (E.), 46 Celtic, proper names, 151 ; influence upon German, 158, 159 ch, from k, 15 ; represents three sounds in German, 69 ; in Aus- laut, 85 Champagner, 170 Chancery, Imperial, 28, 29 ; Saxon, 28, 29 Change of meaning, 56-64 Charlemagne, 11, 12 chef(F.), 54 -chen, dimin. ending, 26 chl, 17 choose (E.), 121 Chor, 172 Christianity, its influence on German, 161, 162 cht, for ft, 36 Composition, 64-66 Compound words, accentuation of, 73-75 Concessive clauses, 140 Conditional clauses, 140 Conjunctions, 130-132 Conjunctive mood, 139-142 Consecution of tenses, 141, 142 Consonant changes, 84-87, 120, 121 Consonant steins, 95-98, 99, 108 Court language, see Sehriftsprache Cousine, 169 cray-fish (E. ), 46 crida (Ohg.), 170 Czech, encroaches on German, 23 d, shifts to t, 6 ; in High German, 16 ; after n, s, 86 da, 132 Dach (in metaphor), 61 Dag (dial.), 91 Damhirsch, 172 damit, 86 Danish, 9 176 INDEX darin, 86 darum, 86 dass, 131 Dative case, 134, 136 Daumen, 97 Daune, 161 da/oon, 86 decken, 111 Declension, 88, 109 dein, deiner, 55, 104, 105, 107 Dejeuner, 172 denken, 112, 121 Denkmal, 55 der (demon.), 107, 108, 131 ; (relat.), 129 ; (art), 133 der, dir ( = ihr), 105 der- (for er-), 26 derschlagen (dial.), 26 des, dessen, 55, 107 deshalb, 107 desioegen, 107 Z>ete#, 170 Deutschordensland, 19 dh, shifts to d, 5 di, dik (dial.), 105 Dialects, 25 ; how they arise, 41, 44 dichten, 172 Dickkopf, 61 dieser, 107, 131 rfl/iew (Mhg.), 52 Diminutive terminations, 26 Diner, 169, 171 Ding, 63, 88, 92, 94 dingen, 122 Diwan, 165 Z»oZc/i, 164 Dolmetsch, 164 i, 7 (Lg.), 6 Douane, 165 Double consonants, 70 dowre (dial.) 164 DracJie, Drachen, 97, 159 Drahfbericht, 166 dreizehn, 65 Drittel, 84 Droschke, 164 Drucke, 91 dw, 104 Dual number, 104, 105 Dune, 35, 159 diinken, 112, 121 rfwrcA, 130 durcfiblauen, 68 durchlaucfit, 112 diir/ew, 52, 123, 124 e, terminal sound in Nhg., 17, 18 ; plural ending, 49 ; Umlaut of a, 80 ; change to i, 81, 113, 114 ; French, 170 6 (Lg.) = Mhg. ei, ie, 20 ; Latin, 170 e-stems (verbs), 110, 112 East Teutonic, 8, 10 Eber, 89, 91, 92 edit, 36, 46 Ecke, 57 ehe, 86, 131, 132 eher, 86 ehr (dial.), 26 ei, from i, 20, 36, 76 ; pronuncia- tion, 25, 70 ; change to ai, 77 ; from ag, 86 -ei, accent of words in, 72 Eiche, 103 Eiland, 46, 47, 86 eilf, 46 ein, 133 Eindrucke, 91 einfaltig, 62 einladen, 52 Einode, 46 einsehen, 59 einst, 86, 129 Elefant, 159 Elenthier, 53 Ellipsis, 41 em (dial.), 26, 105 Email, 170 empfangen, 86 empfehlen, 86 empfinden, 86 empfindsam, 68 -ew, plural ending, 50 Ende, 88, 98, 99 endlich, 133 .EngreZ, 162 enk (dial.), 105 entgegen, 131 INDEX 177 enticing, 86, 130 entriickt, 68 entweder, 131 entzwei, 86, 130 Equipage, 165, 171 equipieren, 165 er (pron.), 106, 131 Er ( = you), 55 -er, plural ending, £0, 92, 93 Erbe, 97, 98 (sich) erbosen, 112 erfo^, 112 Erde, 81, 100 Erdenleben, 100 Erdensohn, 100 erfassen, 59 ergiessen, 114 erhaben, 81, 118 erinnern, 31, 59 erkapern, 65 erkenntlich, 166 erkiesen, 121 erlaucht, 112 AVfe, 38 erloschen, 122 ermangeln, 135 -er«, adjective ending, 49 erschrecken, 62, 122 erspriesslich, 68 erwahnen, 135 e$ (pron.), 106, 131, 135 es (dial.), 105 mew, 14 Essen, 61 igr, 160 e, 171 etwas, 128 etwelcher, 128 eu, from ii (iu), 20, 36, 76 ; from 6u, 77 ; Umlaut of au, 80 eiter, eurer, 104, 107 .&««/• Gnaden, 55 J?wer Hoheit, 55 Eulenspiegelei, 61 -e?«r, gender of French words in, 13 Extension of meaning, 57 f, from p, 5, 15 ; unaffected in second shifting, 15 ; for Latin v, 170 /««, 85 fahren, 43, 44, 57, 63, 80 Fahrmann, 81 ^aAr<, 81, 103 Fahrte, 80, 103 /«», 85 Falke, 97, 159 fallen, 115 /attew, 121 FcdtstuM, 165 Familie, 56 fangen, 115, 125 Fassung, 59 /(«<, 80 Fauteuil, 165, 170 fechten, 117 , 67 w, 163 J'ei, 163 ^eier, 162, 170 /Wgre, 159 /em, 163 /ei?z^, 128 feindlich, 66 , 36 , 81, 91, 93 Feldstuhl, 165 Felsennase, 58 Fenstersclieibe, 58 (for P/errf), 40 81, 97 , 81 fest, 80 /etf, 36 Feuersbrunst, 57, 63 Feuerschein, 65 Feuertaufe, 65 Feuerwasser, 65 172 ,, 44, 114, 117 fce, 97 Finnish influence, 158 .FiscA, 83 Fischer ei, 163 Fittig, 55 flaemen (Mhg.), 22 FlaschenJials, 58 Jffow»?i, 161 fechten, 118 Flemish language, 23 , 82, 114, 119, 120 N 178 INDEX fliessen, 114 flngs, 129 Fluh, 35 Folk-etymology, 45-48, 172 forasago (Ohg. ), 165 forlorn (E.), 121 Fort, 172 Fracht, 36 fragen, 31, 50, 109, 110, 122 Franconian dialect, boundary of, 17 Franke, 97 Franken, 97 Franks, 10, 11, 12, 17 Frau, 100, 102, 103 Frauenzimmer, 61 freeze (E.), 121 freilich, 131 freislich, 67 Freistaat, 166 freundlich, 66 f revel, 55 7'Hede, Frieden, 31, 83, 97 Friedel, 67 friedlich, 83 frier en, 121 Friesel, 121 Frisian dialect, 11 ; proper names, 146 Frisians, 10 frommen, 55 Frucht, 159 ft, change to cht, 36 Fuchs, 7 Fueter (dial.), 79 e, 47 e, 82 (for Pfund), 40 ar, 81 /;, 127 , 14, 92 r, 79 Future tense, 137, 138 g, shifts to k, 6 ; in German, 16 ; in Low German, 85 Gage, 165, 170 Gallusthor, 46 Gaming expressions, 59 ganfen (dial.), 164 (jar, 84 Garde, 165 gamier en, 165 Garten, 5, 97 Gartenbaum, 65 tfasse, 100 Gassenbube, 100 Gtas?, 88, 90, 91, 96, 97 Gatte, 97 tfaw, 67 Gauner, 164 gaimo (dial.), 118 gre-, prefix, 126 gebaren, 5, 81 0e&e», 10, 78. 79, 81, 84, 113, 114, lib gebieten, 126 GeUrge, 81, 89, 94, 95, 98, 101 geboten, 79 gebrauchen, 55, 126 gedackt, 111 Gedanke, 97 gedeihen, 119, 121 gediegen, 121 Gefahr laufen, 167 gef alien, 115, 122 Gefiingniss, 61 (?e^We, 81, 94 <?e/i#e, 94 gegenwurf (Mhg. ), 166 6?eAatt, 31 (/eAew, 27, 85, 115, 124, 125 gehen wir, 68 ^eAi (dial.), 85 Geige, 40 (?asi!, 94 Gelage, 95 $refa/w£, 43, 112 Gelande, 94 #e$, 85 Gelbschnabel, 61, 137 Gelbsucfit, 48 gelegentlich, 86 Geleise, 59 gelingen, 117 gelobte Land das, 47 gelten, 32 Gemeine, Gemeinde, 55 Gemiith, 95 Gender of words iu -ewr, 13 ; of loan-words, 171 INDEX 179 geniessen, 135 Genitive case, 134, 135, 136 Genoss, 55 Gepflogenheit, 31 Ger, 67 gerades Weges, 109 gerben, 57, 84 German language, its extent, 1 ; a branch of Teutonic, 2 ; boundaries of, 13 gern (M.\\g. = begehren), 52 Gerste, 38 Gesandter, Abgesandter, 52 Gesang, 85 Geschleckf, 81 Geschmeide, 94 geschiveige dass, 133 iffeseM, 96 Gesellschaft, 56 gesotten, 79 Gestade, 95 Getreide, 86 getrost, 111 gewdhren, 52 gewiss, 131, 165 Gewolbe, 94 gh, shifts to g, 5 <?;/!!, 84 (?t7eH, 172 ^Y (O.S.), 104 Gtfas, 78, 79 <7Zaw, 67 Glaube, 97 gleichen, 119 Gletscher, 35 glimmen, 117 Glosses, 12 Gtfitcfc, 95 103 dw- 6?o«, 68 Goldcreme, 172 Goldgraber, 65 Goldmensch, 65 gomahe.it (Ohg.), 165 Gothic language, 8, 9, 10, 17, 115 Goths, 8, 9 6Vo/; 89, 96 Grammatical change, 120 grell, 57 Grenze, 164 Grenzmark, 172 GVete, 60 griazn (dial.), 78 GWtfe, 57, 59, 101 Grimm's Law, 4-6 ; apparent ex- ception to, 6-7 Grummet, 86 Griinspecht, 137 Gruppe, 170, 171 Grtitze, 101 $rwa< (dial. ), 78 guerre (F.), 13 guet (dial.), 78 gulden, 55 gut, 108 Muthes, 109 h, from k, 5 ; unaffected by second shifting, 15 ; in Inlaut and Aus- laut, 45, 85 ; disappears between vowels, 87 haben (conjug.), 112; (syntax), 138, 139 ffabicht, 159 Ha/en, 35, 92 -haft, adjective ending, 66 Hag, 86 Hain, 55, 67, 86 halber, 137 halbieren, 163 Hall, 57 Halle, 67 hallen, 57 Haller (the poet), 30, 67 Hallunke, 164 Halm, 83 Hals, 83, 94 Hammer, 92 Hampfel (dial.), 84 .ffawd, 102 (w» langer) Hand, 168 Handchen, 26 Handeken (dial.), 26 handgehabt, 31 7/awrffo (dial.), 26 Hdndli (dial.), 26 (<£e?i) Handschuh werfen, 60 Handwerk, 83 .Him/, 158 hangen, 115 180 INDEX Hans, 60 Harfe, 100 Harfenton, 100 Harke, 36 Harnisch, 171 (in ) Harnisch geratlien, 62 Hase, 97 hauen, 113, 115 Haupt, 53, 61, 93 JZaws, 20, 36, 94 Hausbesen, 61 Hduser, 80 Hduslein, 83 #««£, 83 Havarie, 165 Aeien, 6, 55, 81, 116, 118, 119 Hebrew loan-words, 164 Heide, 83, 100, 166 heidnisch, 83 Heirath, 40 heissen, 57, 115, 126 -Aei«, 66 #eW, 96 AeZ/ew, 10, 117, 120, 126 Heliand, 104, 134 hell, 57 helldunkel, 65 #emd, 98 hen (dial. ), 26 herabmindern, 52 #erde, 81 //err, 96 Herrschaft, 61 tferz, 5, 55, 61, 98, 99 Herzog, 78, 83, 96 Herzogenstand, 96 Hessians, 10, 11, 12 Heune, 77 Heuschrecke, 62 /ie?^e, 36 Me, hier, 86 High German, territory of shifted t, 14 ; boundary of, 16 Himbeere, 86 Himmel, 70, 83, 91, 92 himmlisch, 83 Hindin, 55 hinterriicks, 98 .fl^e, 81, 98 hitzen, 52 hi, 17 Aoc/t, 45, 85 Hochdeutsch, see Schriftspraclie Hochton, 74, 83, 92, 96 Hof, 91 (den) Hof maclien, 166 Ho/art, 86 Hohlkopf, 63 Aofew, 62 flMe, 100 Hollenldnn, 65 Hollenstrafe, 65 Homonyms, 52, 53 forew, 44, 45, 52, 111 Horn, 83 Hort, 67 ffofeZ, 169 fi"we< (dial.), 78 Huhn, 88, 92, 93, 94, 95 Humanists, 24, 163 Hundsriick, 98 Hiine, 77 i, cause of Umlaut, 80 ; from e, 81, 113, 114 i, change to ei, 20, 36, 40, 76 ; from ie, 77, 78 -i, diminutive ending, 26, 145 i-stems (nouns), 90-94, 100, 102 i-stems (verbs), 110, 111, 118 Icelandic, 9 ich, 15, 164 ie, change to i, 20, 77 ; pronuncia- tion, 69, 70 ; from iu, 82 -ie, substantive ending, 163 -ieren, verb ending, 72, 158, 163 -igen, verb ending, 49 ihr, 54, 104, 105, 106, 107 Imbiss, 40, 86 Imme, 101 Imperative mood, 139 impfen, 160 in, 134 indem, 132 Indicative mood, 139 Indo - European language, 2 ; its sounds, 3-4 ; accentuation, 7 -ing, diminutive ending, 26 ink (O.S.), 104 Inlaut, 5 INDEX 181 inniglich, 55 Karfreitag, 68 Instrumental case, 134 Kameval, 169 Interjection, 133 JST&se, 89, 95, 98, 160 io, from iu, 82 Katholik, 169 irden, 81 Kavallerie, 169 Irre, 68 kch, from k, 15 Isolation of meaning, 63 kehren, 57 iu (ii), change to eu, 20, 36, 76 ; keinesfalls, 109 change to io (ie), 82, 114 keineswegs, 109 AeZZer, 160, 169, 171 ja, 131, 133 tfeZfer, 160 Jdgerei, 163 keltern, 160 Jammer, 79 -&ew, diminutive ending, 26 je, 129 kennen, 111 jeglich, 128 Kerbel, 170 jemand, 86, 128 Kerker, 160 jener, 131 /fette, 160 jenseits, 78 kiken (dial.), 27 jetzt, 86 Kind, 92 jeiveilen, 31 Kinn, 6 Jews, their proper names, 146, 149, Kirche, 161 151 Kirsche, 159, 170 jo-stems, 94-95, 98, 100 Kissen, 161 Jock, 83 Jftsfe, 160, 170 Jomer (dial. ), 79 JCZa^e, 89, 99-100, 101, 102, 103 Journal, 172 klatschen, 67 Jubeljahr, 163 Klause, 161 Jude, 97 Kleid 92 Jugend, 61 klein, 63 J linger, 165 Kleinod, 63 Jungfer, 83 klirren, 66 Jiingling, 83 Kloster, 161 Junker, 83 knarren, 66 Jutes, 10 kneipen, 36 knicken, 36 k, shifts to h, 5 ; to g, 6, 120 ; to KniescJieibe, 58 ch, 15 ; to kch, 15 Knute, 164 Kadaver, 171 kochen, 160 Kafig, 170 .ffoAZ, 159 Kaiser, 77, 160 kommen, 31, 113, 126 Kalb, 93 Komtur, 163 kalfatern, 165 .Komgr, 82, 83 Kalk 159 Konigsmorder, 65 Kameradschaft, 61 Konigssohn, 65 Rammer, 7, 61 Konigstiger, 65 Kampe, 67 konnen, 123, 124, 126 Kampf, 160 Konsulat, 172 Kanuf, (dial.), 164 /fop/, 7, 54 ; (in metaphor), 62, 63, Kanzel, 161 160 kapores (dial.), 164 JSTorw, 127 182 INDEX koscher (dial.), 164 Kraft, 89, 101, 102, 103 kraft (prep.), 130 Krafte, 80 Kreide, 170 Kreuz, 95, 162, 171 knecJien, 43, 114 Krone, 160 Kiibel, 54 Kuh, 38 Kiimmelblattchen, 164 Kiirbis, 159 faster, 162 Kutsche, 164 61 1-mouille, 170 Lacks, 91 Z/ocZeH, 92 Zaden, 52, 123 fopgr (dial.), 118 Land, 55, 94 Landzunge, 58 Lang finger, 61 Langobards, 10, 11, 12 lasse/i, 115, 126 Zasi, 92 Latin, a branch of Indo-European, 4, 7 ; the language of learning, 11, 12, 19, 24 ; loan-words, 159, 163 Laube, 165 laufen, 27, 113, 115 laut, 130 Lautverschiebuug, see Sound-shift- ing Lawine, 35 Lazarusmensch, 61 -le, diiniu. ending, 25 Leahnl, 60 lebend, 83 legen, 110, 118 lehren, 27, 57, 59, 110, 112, 126 Lehrer, 83 -Zet, 158, 163 Leib, 63, 94 Leibnitz, 24 Leibrente, 63 LeibzucM, 63 Leichdorn, 63 LeicJie, 63, 66, 76, 103 Leichnam, 66, 76 Leichtsinn, 61 leid, 128 Leiste, 165 leiten, geleiten, 126 lenotrisch, 61 lernen, 27, 57, 59 fesew, 114 leugnen, 80 Leute, 36 -M, dimin. ending, 26 Ko6 (dial. ), 78 Libell, 171 -Zfc/i, 66, 76 lichten, 35 lichterloh, 68 Zt'ed, 85 Lieutenant, 169, 170 Zifo'e, 159 Lintwurm, 53 Lisiere, 171 Jj'lStC) lOO Literary language, see Schriftsprache Loan-words, 157-172 Lob, 85 Locative case, 134 Loge, 165 Lorraine, 23 fose (K), 121 losen (dial.), 27 losen, 52, 111 loslosen, 52 Loth, 92 loud (E.), 6 Low German, the territory of, pre- served t, 14 ; boundary of, 16, 20 ; vocabulary, 35, 36 Luchs, 91 lugen (dial.), 35 Lump, 31, 97 Lumpen, 31, 97 lupfen (dial.), 27 Luther, Martin, 27, 28, 29 mac (Mhg.), 53 jnachen (in idioms), 51, 168 INDEX 183 Macht, 84 Magd, 86 magezoge (Mlig.), f>3 Maysamen, 79 Magyars, 19 mahlen, 116 Mtlhr, 55 Maid, 86 J/aM, 79 J/a/fofces (dial.), 164 malen, 116 wtn., 127, 128 manch, 85 mancherlei, 163 manchesterlich, 66 Mandel, 159 Manier, 163 J/««H, 94, 98, 127, 128 Mansarde, 170 ?;ieere (Mhg.), 53 Mark (marrow), 85 vfc (coin), 92 , 160 marschieren, 163 J/arfer, 162 J/ara:, 96 Mfirzenbier, 96 Miirzenschnee, 96 Marzenstaub, 96 Mass, 92 J/rts<, 98 Matliematik, 169 mathemMtisch, 169 Matte, 35 Mauer, 160, 171 Maufahrteibrig, 46 Muulbeere, 159 Maulesel, 53, 172 Maulwurf, 47 Jl/a-M*, 36, 76 iiuiuscheln (dial.), 164 mausern, 161 Mecklenburg, becomes German, 19 Media, 4, 5, 6, 7 ; iu Auslaut, 85 Meerbusen, 58 Meeresarm, 58 J/eW, 84 mehren, 56 weidett, 40, 123 ife, 160 mew, Kleiner, 55, 104, 105, 107 Melberei (dial. ), 84 Memje, 85 Mensch, 96 MenscJienschlag, 81 ??i^r, ?;w'r (=wir), 105 meschugge (dial.), 164 1/esse, 162 Messner, 162 Metaphor, 53, 58 Metaphysik, 169 J/ette, 162 mi, «w'& (Lg.), 105 Middle German dialects, 18 ; bound- ary of, 20 ; form the basis of Modern German, 28, 35 Middle High German period, 18-22 J/tffe, 84 minder, 26 mindern, 52 Minne, 53, 67 minnen, 53 m#, 134 Mitgift, 84 Mittag (for Nachmittag), 57 J/itte, 100 mittelst, 86, 129 ??wcAte, 80 »no^e«, 84, 123, 124 J/oA/i, 79 Moment, 172 J/cmcA, 82, 162 J/o-nrf, 79, 96 Moods, 139-141 J/oo* (dial.), 164 J/os<, 160 mother (E.), 5 Mucken, 59 Mueter (dial.), 79 J/iiMe, 100 Mump/el (dial.), 84 Munchner Kindl, 135 Miinster, 161, 168 J/arcze, 160, 169 J/Msi/t, 169 miissen, 123 J/w«er, 79, 89, 103 Muttiny (dial.), 26 Mysterien, 47 Mystics, 19, 166 184 INDEX n-mouille, 170 n-stems (nouns), 96, 99, 101 nach, 58, 85 Nachbar, 83 nachdem, 132 Nacht, 102 Nagel, 92 Nagelkopf, 58, 62 nah, 85 nahen, 55 Name, 97 Jvarr, 96 neben, 130 nehmen, 10, 78, 113, 114, 117 nehmen ivir, 68 JVeid, 40, 76 neidlichf 67 %em, 133 nennen, 111 Neologism, 50, 56, 64-68 neunzehn, 65 New High German period, 23-36 ; extent of, 23-24 ; origin and history of, 27-30 ; characteristics, 35 ng, 69, 85 nicht, 129 Nicker, 67 nie, 79, 129 nieder, 83 niedrig, 83 niemand, 128 niezen (Mhg.), 52 nimmer, 79 nk, 85 Nominative case, 144 Nonne, 162 noon (E. ), 57 Norse, 9 North German, provincialisms of, 31 ; purer language spoken by, 33 Norwegian, 9 noth, 128 Noun, 134-137 Nummer, 171 nun, 132 Nutz, Nutzen, 98 6 (Lg.), 20 ; from a, 79 o-stems (nouns), 90-94, 103 6-stems (verbs), 110 ob, 132, 133 obgleich, 133 Oblate, 162 obschon, 133 obwohl, 133 Ocean, 169 Ochs, 38, 96 Odcm, 55, 79 oder (= after), 58 Odermennig, 172 0/era, 92 8/entlich, 86 0/im, 92 0/ir, 98, 99 (M, 160 Old High German period, 11-18 Old Saxon, 17 ; dual pronouns, 104 Onomatopreia, 67 opfern, 162 Optative mood, 139, 140, 142 Oratio obliqua, 141, 142 Or gel, 162 Orthography, 69, 70 6s ( = ihr), 105 Ossen (dial. ), 87 ou, change to au, 77 b'u, change to au (eu), 77 p, shifts to f, 5, 15 ; to b, 6 ; to pf, 15, 172 Paar, 92 Palais, 172 Palast, 163, 171 Panier, 169 Papst, 86, 161 Parfum, 172 Parterre, 169 Past participles, 126 Past-present verbs, 123 Patriarchat, 172 patschen, 67 Pech, 172 Pein, 162, 172 Peitsche, 164 pelzen, 160 Peter, 60 Petschaft, 164 pf, from p, 15 Pfaffe, 161 INDEX 185 Pfalz, 160, 169 Pfarrers, 135 Pfau, 159, 172 Pfe/er, 159 Pfeil, 160 Pferch, 159 Pferd, 40 Pfingsten, 161 Pjtanze, 159, 172 Pflaster, 159, 161 pflegen, 84, 118, 119 Pflegling, 166 P/tcM, 84 P/or-te, 160, 172 Pfosten, 160 pfropfen, 160 P/iiM, 161 P/Mwd, 40, 92, 160 P/wfee, 172 Phanomen, 169 Phonetic changes, 39-41 ; opposed by analogy, 45 Phonology of New High German, 76-87 Physik, 169 Pilgrim, 172 piquant, 58 P%e, 162 Ptaw, 163 Plattfuss (slang), 54 Plats, 160 pleite (dial. ), 164 plumpsen, 67 Plural formation, 50 Poetry, language of, 53, 54, 55 Politeness, language of, 54 Politik, 169 politisch, 169 pomadig, 164 Pomerania, becomes German, 19 Prahlhaus, 60 predigen, 162 Pms, 163, 171 preisen, 119 Prepositions, 130 Present tense, 137, 138, 139 Preterite tense, 138 Priester, 162 Probst, 162 Professor, 169 Pronouns, 103-107, 128, 129, 131 ; in oratio recta, 1 42 Proper names, 143-156 ; used as common names, 60 Prose, language of, 55 Protestant, 169 Proverbs, 48, 59 Provincialisms, 25, 26, 27, 80, 31, 32 Prussia, becomes German, 19 Puder, 171 Purpur, 160 qu, from tw, 87 qudngeln, quengeln, 87 Quaselfritze, 60 Quaselliese, 60 Quaselpeter, 60 quer, 87 Querkopf, 63 quirn, 152 r, in Anslaut, 86 r-stems (nouns), 103 rachen, 55 rahmen (overtake), 68 Randal, 66 Rang, 165, 170 (es) rappelt, 59 Happier, 111 rathen, 115 (sick) Rats erholen, 135 Rauberei, 163 Rauchwcaren, 45, 85 Rauchwerk, 45, 85 rauh, 45, 85 raunen, 77 Raupen, 59 7?eJ6icA (dial.), 164 Rechnig (dial.), 84 rechtscha/en, 126 Reduplication, 115 Regiment, 172 reich, 159 ra'few, 122, 123 rennen, 80, 111 Restriction of meaning, 57 Rettich, 159 reuen, 77 Rhyming formulas, 48 186 INDEX Rind, 93, 94 Ring, 165 Rippe, 101 roljinken, 61 Rolle, 171 Romance languages, 9, 12, 13 Rose, 159 Roslein, rot, 55, 137 Ross, 55 rs, change to rsch, 87 Rticken, 98 Riickkehr, 98 Ruck-umlaut, 44, 80, 111 rilckwiirts, 98 rufen, 31, 115 Ruklas, 32 Rundkopf, 137 Runen, 77 -Rit/^, 60 (21*) .Kfofe gehen, 68 rutschen, 66 s (pronunciation), 70 .SW, 89, 99, 102, 103 Sachsenspiegel, 19 sachte, 36 £tc&, 160 salben, 110 satow, 115, 121 saw/if, 36 <Sfcm#, 85 santa (Ohg.), 165 sa« (dial.), 118 saufen, 120 saugen, 120 Saxons, 10, 11, 12, 17 Saxony, 18, 19 Scandinavian, 8, 9, 10 sch, 69 schaben, 121 Schacher, 164 Schachte, ScMchte, 91 schachten, 164 schade, 128 Sc/ta/, 15 -schaft, 66 Scharlatan, 169 Scheibe, 58 scheiden, 115 scheinen, 127 Schenk, 96 seller en, 118 Schindel, 160 Schlacht, 81 Schlachter, 81 SMitfe, Schlaf, 101 schlafen, 15, 115 ^c/iZa<7, 81 schlagen, 43, 110, 121, 122 Schlange, 101 schlecht, 62 schlechthin, 62 schlecht u. recht, 62 schlechtweg, 62 Schleswig, 23 Schlucht, 36 Schluft, 36 schlilften, 36 Schmach, 85 schmdhen, 85 Schmallians, 60 schmecken, 27, 58, 111 schmelzen, 117 Schmer, 160 -SfcfeftM (dial.), 164 schmusen (dial.), 164 Schmutz, 27 schneiden, 121 ^cAo/e^ (dial.), 164 schon, 45, 80 scAow, 27, 45, 80 ScMnheit, 66 Sclwps, 164 (ewie) Schmiibe los, 59 schreiben, 119, 123, 161 Schrift, 56 Schriftspraclie, in Mhg. period, 21 ; in Nhg., 24-27 ; its development, 27-30 ; its relation to dialects, 33 ; its deficiencies, 34 ; borrows from dialects, 79 Schrijpfkopf, 62 <ScA?«A, 85, 92 sc?t!<M 128 ScAwZe, 161 Schultheiss, 83, 96 Schultze, 83 Schurrmurr (dial.), 164 Schiirze, 61 Schilssel, 160 INDEX 187 Schwachkopf, 63 Schwan, 96 Schwanenhals, 96 schwank, 55 (ins) Schwarze treffen, 59 Schwatzfralase, 60 Schivelle, 61 schiodlen, 117, 122 Schioert, 92 Schwester, 103 Sclwirindsucht, 48 schimrren, 66 schworen, 31, 55, 116, 118 see^e (E.), 120, 121 •%CM, 162 sefien, 57, 85 seAr, 53, 58 sez'w, seiner, 106, 107 sem (verb), 119, 121, 125, 138, 139 sei£ ( = sagt), 86 sej< (prep.), 132 setter, 137 selbst, 86 selbslvergessen, 57 seliglich, 55 Semmel, 160 senden, 43, 80, 111 &re/, 160 sengen, 62 £:?m, 35 Sette Commimi, 23 setzen, 59, 111 Seuche, 82 (Sft'e ( = you), 55 *iecA, 48, 55, 82 sieden, 121 Siegel, 161 ^i.97is#, 162 &76er, 158 Silesia, becomes German, 18, 19 singen, 117, 122 Si/in, 98 sintemal, 130 Slavonic, encroached upon by Ger- man, 18, 19 ; loan-words, 164 Slavs, 10 so, 128, 130, 131 Socke, 101 Sohn, 82 sollen, 123, 124, 127 Sommer, 82 sondern, 131 Sowwe, 82, 100 Sonnenlicht, 100 Sound-shifting, first, 4-6 ; second, 13-16, 172 Souper, 169 spalten, 115, 121 <3pa», 60 spanisch, 60 Spanne, 58 (einen) Sparren zu viel, 59 >S>eise, 160, 162 8pende, 162 Spiegel, 160 (ow/s) ^/jieZ setzen, 59 Spirants, 4, 6, 15 ; preceding t, 84 Sporen, Spornen, 31 sprechen, 15, 117, 118 springen, 27, 117 ss, from chs, 87 ^«W, 87 <Sto«, 103 Static, 103 Statoe, 169 staunen, 35 stechen, 118 sleeken, 122 , 32, 116, 120, 124, 125 i«, 94 (einew) Stein im Brett haben, 59 Steinmetz, 96 sferfew, 120 •S<ew?t, 36 Stiefel, 98 Stieglitz, 164 s<(7Z, 133 <Sto/eZ, 60 stossen, 115 Wrasse, 159 Streichholzchen, 59 streng, 80 streuen, 77 /SKticA, 92, 95 Studierter, 57 Stuhlbein, 58 , 103 , 48 siihnen, 36 S&ndftut, 47 188 INDEX sunvader, 64 suss, 57 Swabia, prevalence of dialects, 33 Swedish, 9 Swiss, provincialisms of, 31 ; words adopted from, 35 Switzerland, prevalence of dialects, 33 Synonyms, 48, 49, 52, 64 Syntax, 127-142 ; Latin influence on, 166 ; French influence, 167 t, shifts to th, 5 ; to d, 6 ; to z and ss, s, 14 ; after spirant, 84 ; after n, s, 86 t-stems (nouns), 102 Tag, 78, 85, 88, 90, 91, 92, 96, 98 Tambur, 170 Tassenkopf, 62 Tau, 36 Taube, der, 77 Taube, die, 77 taufen, 166 -te, -etc, preterite ending, 44, 50, 109, 110, 111 -tel, noun ending, 84 Tenses, 137, 138, 139 Tenuis, shifts to spirant, 4 ; to media, 7 ; second shifting, 14 Tetraxitic Goths, 9 Teufel, 161 Teutonic language, 2-7 ; its sub- groups, 8-11 ; phonetic changes in, 81, 82 th, from t, 5 ; shifts to d, 15 Tluilsohle, 58 TheU, 84 Thomasius, Christian, 24 Thor, 96 thun, 125 Thuringians, 10, 11, 12 Thurm, 160 Tiefton, 74, 83, 92, 96 tildn (Ohg.), 162 Tisch, 160 Toast, 170 Tobsucht, 48 Tochter, 60 To/el, 60 Tracht, 84 tragen, 43, 44, 84, 110, 112, 113, 116, 118, 122, 124, 125 Tramway, 171 Traube, 35, 101 traumen, 80 traun, 133 traut, 77 trecken (dial.), 27 Tredici Communi, 23 treiben, 57, 84, 123 treit ( = tragt), 86 Trester, 93 Trift, 84 Trinken, 61 trippeln, 66 Trope, 53 Tropf, Tropfen, 97 trotz, 31 Truchsess, 96 trunken, 126 Tuck, Tilcke, 101 tugendreich, 68 -turn, noun ending, 66 T'Anche, tiinchen, 160 Turanian family of languages, 6 turnen, 68 turnieren, 163 tw, change to zw, kw, 87 two (E.), 6 u, change to o, 81, 82 u, change to an, 20, 36, 76 ; from uo, 77 ii (iu), change to eu, 20, 36, 76 ; from tie, 77 ; change to o, 82 ilber, 31, 130 uherall, 31, 130 iiberlegt, 57 Uebermuth, 61 iiberzwerch (dial.), 87 tie, change to ii, 77 Ulfilas, 9 urn, 58, 59, 130 umgivendter Napoleon, 46 Umlaut, 45, 79-81, 90, 91, 92, 95, 102, 103, 111, 112, 118, 120, 122 un-, adjectives compounded with, 74 understdz (Mhg.), 166 ungefreut, 57 INDEX 189 unk (O.S.), 104 Foss (dial.), 87 unorthographisch, 65 Vowel changes, 76-82 unser, unserer, 104, 105, 107 Vowel stems, 90-95 uo, change to u, 20, 77 Upper German, boundary of, 17 w, change in Auslaut, 84 ; in In Ur, 77 laut, 84 ; in Ohg., 170 Urthel (Mal.\ 84 TFacAe, 61 •dzfluz (Mhg. ), 166 TFa/e, 36, 101 Wagen, 89, 91, 97, 98 v, pronounced as f, 69 ; Latin, Wahnsinn, 45 170 wahnvntzig, 45 Vater, 5, 79, 92, 103 wahren, 52 Vaterherz, 103 wdhrend, 31 Fatter (dial.), 79 wahrlich, 165 Vatting (dial. ), 26 IFawe, 77 Veilchen, 170 TFaW, 94 ver- (for zer-\ 26 Wallfahrt, 63 verbreche (for zerbrechen\ 26 TFamfew, 68 vergessen (auf), 31 Wappen, 36, 101 Verhalten, 59 warmkalt, 65 ver Her en, 121 warnen, 165 Verlust, 121 PFarfe, 165 vermindern, 52 warum, 86 vernehmen, 59 i««, 128, 129, 132 Verner's Law, 7, 120 wassen (dial.), 87 Vernunft, 59 weben, 55, 119 verreisse (for zerreissen), 26 weder, 131 verriickt, 59 ^Fe^, 78, 79 versohnen, 36 we#, 79 Versta/rkuncj, 61 wegrew (Mhg.), 52 verteidigen, 86 wegen (prep.), 59, 130 verwegen, 62 wehren, 52 verwehren, 52 IFet'cZe (pasture), 77 verwesen, 125 TFet'o'e (willow), 77 Fester, 162, 170 TFeiAer, 160, 171 Fetter, 79 Weihnachten, 102 vielerlei, 163 ?yeiZ, 59 vtra (Ohg.), 170 weiland, 129 FogreZ, 59, 92 TFeiw, 160 FogrZ, 86, 170 weinerlich, 68 Volksherrschaft, 166 JFewe, 77 Volksthum, 68 iveisen, 119 volksthumlich, 68 TFeisMwgr, 83 wZZ, 82 wett, 36 voller, 136 welcher, 128, 129 TOW, 134, 136 TFett, 85 uor, 58, 59, 81 Wend language-island, 23 vorgeben, 59 ivenden, 57, 111 vorhanden, 102 tweww awcA, 133 Vorthel (dial.), 84 wen?i gleich, 133 190 INDEX wenn schon, 133 IFttr(?e, 85 iver, 128, 129 wurden, 81 werden, 55, 116, 117, 126, 138 wiirfe, 81 iverfen, 117 TFiir/ei, 59 Work, 83, 92 wern (Mhg.), 52 z, from t, 14 ; =ts, 69 ; from Latin Wert, 85 c, 170 Werwolf, 65 ^ac&e, 101 toes, wessen, 55, 107 sa#, 55 wesen (Mhg.), 125 zehn, 14, 87 West Teutonic, 8, 10 zeigen, 6 Wette, 101, 165 -ZeiY, 20, 36, 40, 103 totari (Ohg.), 171 Zeitdbschnilt, 58 wider, 79, 130 Zeitpunkt, 58 wieder, 79 Zeitraum, 58 Wiener Wiirste, 135 ae;--, wanting in dialects, 26 Wildpret, 97 Zerrbild, 166 IFtWscAwem, 137 zerstreut, 166 Wimper, 86 zeugen, 56 Wind, 83 ^t«5reZ, 160 TFi'n<2A4mc?, 53 zieAew, 120, 121 Wingert (dial.), 84, 97 Zimmerbesen, 61 TFmzer, 160 ^ms, 160, 171 ?OT>, 104, 105 zippeln, 66 Wirsing, Wirsching, 87 Zipperlein, 66 1-FiWm, 83 £&Mf (dial. ), 84 wissen, 123 ^o&e£, 164 w# (O.S.), 104 ZoW (inch), 92 wo, 27 ,&>« (toll), 160 Wage, 79, 101 ^ores (dial.), 164 woW, 131 zu, 130 wohlbestallt, 111 ^MMflre, 99, 100, 108 ]FoZ/, 38 zupfen, 66 wolf en, 68 zurilcke, zuriick, 55, 98 Wolff, Christian, 24 zusammt, 86 wollen, 124 Zustand, 59 womit, 86 zw, from tw, 87 wonniglich, 55 zwar, 131 worin, 86 ZwetfeZ, 84 JFor<, 56, 92, 94 zwelfboto (Ohg.), 165 Wortivechsel, 131 Zwerchfell, 87 wovon, 86 zwingen, 56, 87 JFradfc, 36 Zioischenfall, 166 INDEX 191 PEOPER NAMES Achalm, 47 Aclelshofeii, 91 Albert, Albreclit, 143 Allmendingen, 155 Amerbach, 147 Amthor, 147 Audermatt, 154 Andresen, 148 Anselm, 144 Ansgar, 144 Aergerniss, 154 Armbruster, 148 Aschbach, 152 -au, 153 Auerbacli, 152 Aus'm Worth, 147 Babo, 153 -bach, 153 -baclier, 147 Baiern, 154 bald, 144 Ballersheim, 155 Bamberg, 153 Biir, 151 Baschi, 60 Bebra, 152 Beppi, 146 Berg, 147 Berghausen, 152 Bergheim, 152 Bernstein, 148 bert, 143 Binder, 150 Birkenacker, 153 Birkenau, 152 Birkenfeld, 153 Bischoff, 148 Bischofsheim, 153 Blumenthal, 148 Bogner, 148 Bottcher, 150 Braun, Brauue, 150 breht, 143 Breisach, 151 Breiteufeld, 154 -brink, 156 -bruch, 153 Bruno, 77, 150 Buchenbach, 152 burg, 143 Busch, 147 -buttel, 156 Buttner, 150 Chlodwig, 17 Chlotar, 17 Dank, 151 Danko, 151 Deeke, 146 Degerfelden, 94 Detmold, 152 Diedel, 146 Diedenliofen, 153 diet, diot, 146 Dietrichs, 154 Dietze, 146 Diez, 146 Donau, 151, 159 Drach, 147 Drommersheim, 155 Dumnorix, 159 Ebaro, Ebo, 145 Ebers, 148 ecke, 143 Eckehart, 143 Eichenaeker, 153 Einersheim, 155 Eintracht, 154 Eisen, 151 Elfershausen, 155 -er, 147 -ers, 155 Eschfeld, 153 -esheim, 155 Falkner, 148 Fasser, 150 -feld, 153 -felden, 94, 154 -fleth, 156 Folko, 145 192 INDEX Franken, 154 Frankershausen, 155 Frankfurt on the Oder, 153 Friedrich, 76, 143, 146 Fritz, 146 Giinserich, 76 Gelegenheit, 154 Gensfleisch, 147 ger, 143 Gerbert, 143, 145 Gerhard, 145 Gernot, 145 Gero, 145 Gertrud, 77, 143 Gerwig, 145 Gerwin, 145 Goldmark, 149 Goldstein, 149 Gottschall, 143 Crete, 60 Gross Sachsen, 153 Gudrun, Gundrun, 145 Habsburg, 152 Hafner, 150 Hannes, 146 Hans, 60, 145, 146 Hansel, 146 Hansen, 148 Hariulf, 153 hart, 143 Harto, 149 Hartung, 149 Haslau, 152 Hauck, 150 -haupten, 94 •hansen, 154, 155 -hauser, 147 -fiauser, 147 Heinrich, 76, 146, 149 Heintz, 146 Helmholz, 148 Henning, 149 Henno, 149 Herbersdorf, 155 Hersfeld, 153 Herzog, 148 Herzogenbuchsee, 96 Herzogenhorn, 153 Hesseu, 154 Hildebrand, 145 Hildegunde, 145 Hilgard, 149 Hochhauseu, 152 Hochheim, 152 -ho/en, 91, 154 Hohentwiel, 154 Hollenthal, 100 Homburg, 86, 154 hr6d, 151 -hude, 156 Hugo, 150 -htisen, 155 -i, 26, 145 Ibenbach, 152 -ikon, 91, 155 Imhof, 147 -ing, ingen, 149, 153, 154, 155, 156 Ingeborg, 144 Ingo, 145 Ingraban, 144, 145 Irmino, Irmo, 145 Isar, 151 Iso, 151 Jack, 146 Ja'ggi, 146 Jakob, 146 Jan, 146 Jansen, 148 Jock, 146 Jock el, 146 Johann, 146 John, 146 Kaiser, 148 Kaiserworth, 153 Kalbersbach, 93 Karolinger, 149 Kehrenbach, 152 Kernbach, 152 Kirnbach, 152 Klaus, 145, 146 Kob, 146 Kdbel, 146 Kobi, 146 -kon, 91 Konig, 148 Konigshofen, 91 Konigstein, 153 INDEX 193 Kourad, 145, 146 -koog, 156 Kiifer, 150 -kuhl, 156 Kunigund, 144 Kuno, 145 Kunz, 146 Kuoni, 145 •lar, 156 Leahnl, 60 Leopold, Leupold, 86, 144 Leuthold, 86, 144 Lieske, 149 Liggersdorf, 155 Lining, 26 lint, 143 Lise, 145 Hut, 144 -Ion, 154 Lothar, 17 Lotte, 145 Lowenthal, 149 Ludwig, 17 -lust, 154 Lutzelsachsen, 153 Magdespruiig, 102 Main, 151, 159 Mainz, 151, 159 Mathisson, 148 Melibocus, 159 Menelaus, 169 Merkshausen, 155 Meyer, 148 Milling, 26 Missgunst, 154 Molenbeck, 152 -moos, 153 Miihlbach, 152 Miihlenbach, 100 Miihlhausen, 152 Miihlheim, 152 Miiller, 148 Neckarhausen, 152 Neidhart, 77 Nickel, 146 Nithart, 77 Notburga, 143 -o, 145 Ochs, 147 Oedipus, 169 Oggersheim, 155 Ollersbach, 155 Oswald, 144 Ott, Otte, 150 Otto, 150 Peter, 60 Pfaffikon, 91 Pfeilsticker, 148 Plattner, 148 Potter, 150 Ragano, Rago, 145 Regiomontanus, 150 Reineke, 86 Reinhard, 86 -reiter, 147 -rent, 152 -renter, 147 Rhein, 151, 159 Rheinfelden, 94 Rheinhausen, 94 Rheinheim, 152 Rhone, 170, 171 rich, 143 -ried, 153 -rode, 152 -r cider, 147 Rodo, 151 Roland, 144 Rosen thai, 149 Roshaupten, 94 Rossbach, 152 Rot, 151 Rubinstein, 149 Riidesheim, 153 Rudolf, 145 -ruhe, 154 Ruklas, 32 Ruodi, 26, 145 Rupel, 60 Ruperath, 155 Rutland, 144 Sachsen, 154 Sachsenhausen, 153 Sangershausen, 94 Saphir, 149 194 INDEX Sauerland, 47 Schaffhauseu, 94 schalk, 143 Schaumburg, 86 Scheffler, 150 -scheid, 156 Schmidt, 148 Schneider, 148 Schbnbrunn, 97 Schuchardt, 85 Schultze, 83, 148 Schwaben, 154 Schweiz, 76 Schwyz, 76 Seib, 145 Seligenstadt, 152 -sen, 155 Sibo, 145 Siffo, 145 Sigbald, 145 Sigbert, 145 sige, 143 Sigelinde, 143 Sigfried, 145 Sigimar, 145 Sigimund, 145 Simo, 145 Sissikon, 91 Solothurn, 151 Spessart, 152 Stein, 147 Steinthal, 147 -steten, 155 -stetten, 154 Stoffel, 60 Stolzenfels, 154 Strauch, 147 Thalhausen, 152 Thalheim, 152 Themistoldes, 169 Thilo, 146 Thorbeke, 147 Tieck, 146 Tiedge, 146 Till, 146 Tilly, 146 Tbffel, 60 Topfer, 150 ritt, 143 Ueberweg, 147 Ulrich, 146 -ung, ungen, 149 153, 156 Unterwalden, 94 Unverzng, 154 Utz, 146 Vercingetorix, 159 Vogesen, 159 Voit, 86 Volkersdorf, 155 von der Taun, 147 Wachsmuth, 87 Wald, 151 luald, 144, 153 •walden, 94, 154 Waldo, 151 Walther, 14,5 Walti, 145 -wang, 155 Wasmuth, 87 Weidenau, 152 •weil, 155 •weiler, 155 Weisseuburg, 154 wert, 147, 152 Wertheim, 152 Wilken, 148 Williko, 148 Witekind, 153 Witgenstein, 153 Witiko, 153 witt, 154 Wittenberg, 154 Wolf, 151 Wolfram, 144 Wolsungen, 149 Worms, 151, 159 Zermatt, 154 Zetzikon, 91 Ziegeuhain, 152 Zumbusch, 147 Printed by R. 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