None
M., analysis of 342 Gangue-rock, effect of upon purchase price of ores 665 INDEX 681 PAGE Garfield basic-lined converter 516 Garfield smelter, Utah, blast-roasting at 444 Gas, refining copper with 566 use of in reverberatory smelting 378 from wood, as fuel 405 Gases from pyrite furnace, analyses of 207 Gold, analysis of bottoms 469 concentration of by bottoms process 466 losses of in converter process 507 separation of from copper by Pearce process 469 Gold and silver in copper ores 23 Gossan 7 Graduated crushing in sampling ores 10 Granby furnaces, charging-car for 162 Graphite as refractory material 641 Gray Copper ore 5 Great Western Gold Mining Co., use of wood in blast-furnace 203 H Hand methods of sampling ores 13 Hand-roasters, weak points of 64 Heap-roasting of ores 102 behavior of pyrrhotite in 104 classification of ore for 105 cost of 110 losses in 109 management of 108 preparation of ores for 104 results of 109 selection and preparation of yard for 106 Hearth of blast-furnace 128 of refining furnace, construction of 569 of reverberatory furnace 330 Hearth-area of blast-furnaces, table of 670 Hearth-sand for reverberatory furnace 330, 333 Heat, evolution of in pyrite smelting 227 losses in reverberatory furnace 316 sources of in roasting 59 Heat-balance of pyrite furnace 229 of reverberatory furnace 346 Herreshoff blast-furnace 122 modification of McDougall roaster 67 High temperatures, behavior of ores at 39 Highland Boy smelter, use of pulverized coal at 355 Hixon on tap-jackets and spouts 140 682 INDEX PAGE Hot blast in smelting 648 at the Tyee smelter 292 Humboldt, Arizona, reverberatories, use of oil at 369 Illustration of slag-formation 29 Impurities, elimination of in blister process 465 Iron pyrites 6 Ironing of reverberatory furnace 330 K Keller-Gaylord-Cole roaster ' 73 Kiddie system of heating blast 650 Knudsen pyrite process 523 Lake Superior refining process 554 Lead as a collector for gold and silver 24 Lime, coating cathodes with during refining process 566 effect of upon slags 625 as neutralizing agents for acid in smelter gases 594 in slags replaced by magnesia 304 Limestone as flux 31 advantages and disadvantages of 408 at Washoe smelter, analysis of 264 Lining for converter 486 Losses in converter process 507 of copper in slags 194 in heap roasting 109 M McDougall roaster, detailed study of 84 as dryer for moist ores 353 labor required for 97 operation of 80 origin of 67 repairs on 97 temperature in 92 use of oil in starting 101 INDEX 683 PAGE Machine methods of sampling ores 16 Magnesia, effect of upon slags 632 vs. lime as a slag base 304 as neutralizing agent for acid in smelter gases 594 Magnesite brick for converter linings 513 Magnesite and magnesia as refractory materials 640 Magnesium sulphate, behavior of at high temperatures 55 Malachite 2 Manganous oxide, effect of upon slags 622 Mansfeld slag, analysis of 625 Matte, blast-roasting of 439 boiling of in reverberatory furnace 353 at Cananea smelter, analysis of 286 as a collector for gold and silver 24 composition of 458 definition of 458 liquid, methods of transporting 646 of low grade, converting 500 melting of in converter direct 506 methods for production of metallic copper from 460 production of 25 re-melting of for converters 511 at Tyee smelter, analysis of 296 from Washoe blast-furnaces, analysis of 265 Matte-formation, illustration of 172 rules governing 171 Measures, values, weights, table of 666 Mechanical concentration of ores 32 Melting fines as preparation for blast-furnace 425 Melting, period of during refining process 545 Metallic iron, production of during partial pyrite smelting 304 Methods of copper extraction 21 Miscellaneous 636 Mitchell Mining Co., use of wood in blast-furnace 201 Moctezuma Copper Co., production of fuel-gas from wood by 405 Moisture, determination of in sample 19 Mortars, varieties of 636 Mountain Copper Co., Calif., drying converter with crude oil 505 Mt. Lyell furnace gases, analysis of 207 Mt. Lyell smelter, corrosion of jackets at 158 cost of converting matte at 512 costs of re-melting matte for converters 511 Mt. Lyell pjTite furnaces, automatic boshes of 223 description of 232 Mt. Lyell pyrite smelting, analysis of slag from 236 description of 232 ratio of concentration 235 ()84 INDEX PAGE Mt. Lyell pyrite smelting, study of 210 slag, analysis of 620 turbo-blowers at 166 N National smelter, analysis of copper ore used at 307 analysis of slag at 308, 309, 628 description of 307 Neutral refractories 641 Nickel-copper matte, converting of at Sudbury, Ontario 505 North Butte Co., costs of production at 657 Nozzles for atomizing fuel-oil 361 O Oil, consumption in Cananea reverberatory 367 employment of for reverberatory smelters 360 as fuel in starting McDougall roaster 101 nozzles for atomizing fuel-oil 361 use of for drying converters 505 use of at Humboldt, Arizona, reverberatories 369 use of in Peyton Chemical Co.'s reverberatories ' 372 O'Harra roaster 68 Ore used for converter lining at Washoe smelter, analysis of 487 Ore-bed, thickness of in roasting 62 Ore-bedding 648 Ores, purchase of at smelter 659 Orford siphon-tap settler 136 Oxidation of sulphides 58 Oxide ores, smelting of 192 Oxides, behavior of at high temperatures 50 Oxidized ores, blast-furnace for 121 Oxidizing, period of during refining 547 Oxygen, amount of required to bum pyrite 218 as flux in pyrite smelting 217 percentage of in the commoner bases 605 Parkes' roasting furnace 66 Parrot converter, Montana 478 Parrot smelter, analysis of converter slag from 503 cost of converting matte at 511 INDEX 685 PAGE Parrot smelter, cost of re-melting matte at 511 fines in blast-furnace charge 255 production of flue-dust at 255 Partial pyrite smelting 243 advantages of 244 in Black Hills district 300 compared wath other methods 244 distinction of from true pyrite smelting 257 fluxes for 247 ores suitable for 246 production of metallic iron during 304 treatment of barite ores by 288 Pearce process for treatment of gold-copper bottoms 469 Pearce turret roaster 74 Pelatan's stall for roasting sulphide fines 433 Perth Amboy basic-lined converter 515 Peyton Chemical Co., Cahf ., oil-burning reverberatories of 372 Plant, depreciation of 654 horizontal location vs. hill-side 641 methods of handling material in 642 and buildings, arrangement of 641 Poling during refining, explanation of 649 period of during refining 548 Pot-roasting (see blast-roasting) Primary copper ores 6 Production of metallic copper from matte 457 Pulverized coal, use of in reverberatory smelting 354 Purchase of ores at copper smelters 659 Pyritic smelting (see Pyrite Smelting) Pyrite 6 amount of oxygen demanded by 218 behavior of at high temperatures 44 behavior of when heated 207 behavior of in neutral atmosphere 44 behavior of in oxidizing atmosphere 45 behavior of in reducing atmosphere 44 money-value of as fuel 423 Pyrite furnace, heat-balance of 229 reactions in 225 at Mt. Lyell, description of 232 Pyrite smelting 204 amount of blast required for 225 analysis of gases from 207 characteristics of 237 compared with coke-melting 200 evolution of heat in 227 formation of natural boshes in 222 686 INDEX PAGE Pyrite smelting, functions of silica in 219 indifferent constituents in 226 by Knudsen process 523 oxygen as flux in 217 production of slag in 209 shape of furnace for 221 suitability of pyrrhotite for 242 use of coke in 213 use of cold blast in 230 Pyrite Smelting at Mt. Lyell, description of 232 ratio of concentration 235 study of 210 at Tilt Cove, Newfoundland 214 Pyrrhotite, behavior of in heap roasting 104 behavior of at high temperatures 48 in pyrite smelting 242 Q Quartz, behavior of at high temperatures 41 R Reactions in the reverberatory furnace 375 Refining, analysis of coal used 564 button samples during 547 cathodes, proportion of slag produced from 576 conductivity tests in 564 construction of furnace for • ■ ■ 568 consumption of coal in 567 converter slabs, proportion of slag produced from 576 of copper, the 531 of copper, definition of 531 of copper electrolytically 532 copper with gas 566 copper with wood 565 description of at Boston and Montana smelter 563 "direct method" of 576 elimination of impurities during 538 formation of cuprous oxide during 547 importance of judicious firing during 559 labor required in 576 at Lake Superior 544 machines for casting the copper during 553 period of casting 552 INDEX 687 PAGE Refining, period of melting 545 period of oxidizing 547 period of poling during 548 period of skimming 546 Refining-fumace, construction of heariih 568 increase in size of 537 mechanical charging of 545 size of charge for 544 Refining process, charging furnace in 543 description of. 543 principles of the 536 varieties of copper suitable for 535 Refractory materials 638 Regenerative device of Peyton Chemical Co 373 Repairs on McDougall roaster 97 Replacement value of bases 621 BalUng's tables of 607 Reverberatory, advantages of 407 fuel-requirements of 419 vs. blast furnace 406 vs. blast-furnace, comparison of costs 416 vs. blast-furnace, fuel consumption 421 Reverberatory combustion, study of 344 Reverberatory furnaces 311 arch of. 327 boiling of matte in 353 at Cananea, use of pulverized coal at 356 Cananea method of fettling 337 at Cananea, smelting costs 368 consumption of coal in 315 consumption of oil in 367 construction of 324 development of, tabulated 326 disadvantage of silicious charge in 414 draft required 346 employment of oil in 360 evolution of 314 fire-box and grate of 328 fire-bridge of 328 firing of 338 flue-opening of 328 foundations 326 hearth of 330 heat-balance of. .^ 346 home-made; analysis of materials used 398 how present capacity is attained in 313 at Humboldt, Arizona, oil-fired 369 688 INDEX PAQB Reverberatory furnaces, ironing of 330 labor for 349 loss of heat in 316 management of 333 mixing of charge 352 older practice 318 of Peyton Chemical Co., use of oil in 372 pulverized coal for 354 reactions in the • 375 sand for hearth of : 330, 333 size of particles in charge 351 use of gas in the 378 use of wood in 379 for wood, at Butte, Montana 395 wood-burning of Boston and Colorado smelter. 387 for wood, home-made 396 for wood, recapitulation concerning 403 Reverberatory-smelting with wood 379 RifHe sampler 15 Roasted Anaconda fines, analysis of 99 Roasted ores, smelting of 194 Roasting 57 by hand, weak points of 64 ores in heaps and stalls 102 discussion of ores suited for 89 experiments on removal of sulphur during 63 practical details of 80 size of particles for 60 sources of heat in 59 stirring of ore during 64 temperatures during 92 thickness of ore-bed in 62 at the Washoe smelter 82 Roasting-process, practical management of 99 Roast-yard, selection and preparation of 106 Roesing wire-system at Boston and Montana smelter 590 Ropp roaster 72 Rotary-piston blowers 165 S Sampling of anode plates, the 561 by coneing and quartering 13 of copper bath during refining 548 of copper ores, the 8 of ores, degree of crushing required for 11 INDEX 689 PAGE Sampling ores for moisture 19 ores with graduated crushing 10 ores, hand methods of 13 ores, machine methods of 16 ores at Washoe smelter 20 by spUt-shovel 14 with use of riffles 15 Sampling-mill, illustration of 19 Santa Fe, Chiapas, use of wood in blast-furnace 202 Sasco smelter, agglomeration of flue-dust and slag at 454 Secondary copper ores , 7 Sectional blast-furnaces 151 Settler for blast-furnace 132 Silica, basic ores as flux for 33 behavior of at high temperatures 41 effect of upon slags 617 * free, necessity of in converting operation 497 functions of in pyrite smelting 219 Silica-brick 639 Silicate of copper 3 Silicate-degree of slags 603 Silicates, behavior of at high temperatures 51 Silicious ore, addition of during converting 495 Silicious refractories 638 Silver, concentration of in copper bottoms 473 losses of in converter process 507 and gold in copper ores 23 Sintering machine of Dwight and Lloyd 447 Siphon-tap settlers 136 Size of particles for roasting 60 Skimming, period of during refining process 546 Slag, analysis of at Deadwood and Delaware smelter 628 analysis of at Mansfeld. 625 from Cananea reverberatory, analysis of 367 at Cananea smelter, analysis of 286 at Cerro de Pasco, Peru, analysis of 343 at Deadwood and Delaware Co.'s smelter, analysis of 303, 304 magnesia replacing lime in 304 from Mt. Lyell pyrite smelting, analysis of 236 at National smelter, S. D., analysis of 628 principles of formation of 598 production of 26 proportion of from refining cathodes 576 proportion of from refining converter slabs 576 at Tyee smelter, analysis of 294 utilization of waste heat from 650 of Washoe blast-furnaces, analysis of 265, 631 690 INDEX PAGE Slag, waste heat of used for generating steam , 652 Slag-formation during pyrite smelting 209 illustration of 29 principles of 27 Slag-forming substances 602 Slags, amount of copper required to cleanse 308 behavior of alumina in 615 classification of 602 effect of alumina upon 618, 635 effect of baryta upon. 633 effect of ferrous oxide upon 622 effect of lime upon 625 effect of manganous oxide upon 622 effect of magnesia upon 632 effect of silica upon 617 effect of zinc oxide upon 634 formation of aluminates in 615 formation of spinel in 615 formation-temperature of vs. flowing-temperature 610 of former Mt. Lyell process, analysis of 620 mineralogical composition of 613 at National smelter, analysis of 308, 309 possible constituents of 600 qualities demanded in 599 V replacement value of bases in 621 silicate degree of 603 solubility of sulphides in 617 viscosity of 616 Smelter fumes 578 separation of arsenic from 586 Smelting, fundamental principles of 25 object of •. 25 of roasted ores 194 Smith and Pierce basic-Uned converter 516 Snyder sampler 1' Sources of heat in roasting 59 Spinel, formation of in slags 615 Split-shovel in sampling. .' 14 Stall-roasting HI management of 112 Stalls for roasting, construction of HI Static electricity, precipitation of smelter fume by 595 Stirring of ore during roasting ' 64 Sulitjelma, Norway, Knudsen process at 523 Sulphates, behavior of at high temperatures 54 Sulphides, behavior of at high temperatures 42 oxidation of ^ INDEX 691 PAGE Sulphides, solubility of in slags 617 Sulphur, experiments on removal of during roasting 63 protection of copper from by lime during refining 566 Sulphur trioxide, neutralization of in smelter gases 593 Sulphuric acid, manufactvu-e of from smelter gases 596 Taylor and Brunton sampling-mill 19 Temperatures during refining process at Wysk smelter 539 in McDougall roaster 92 Tennessee Copper Co., costs of production at 657 Tenorite 2 Tetrahedrite 5 Teziutlan furnaces, method of charging 162 Thermal value of wood 385 Thermometric conversion table, Waldo's 668 Tilt Cove, Newfoundland, pyrite smelting at 214 pyrite, analysis of : 214 pyrite smelting, costs of 215 Tooele smelter, Utah, treatment of converter slag at 504 Trap-spout of blast-furnace 129 True pyrite smelting 204 Tm-bo-blowers 166 Tyee ore, analysis of 290 roasted ore, analysis of 290 siphon-tap settler 138 smelter, analysis of coke at 296 smelter, analysis of matte at 296 smelter, analysis of slag at 294 smelter, deposition of flue-dust at. 583 smelter, hot blast at 292 U U-pipe stove, the 653 Valences of the commoner elements 667 Values, weights, measures, table of 666 Vaporization of water for cooling furnace-jackets 155 Vautin system of generating steam by waste heat of slag 652 Vezin sampler 17 692 INDEX Viscosity of slags 616 Vofit, researches of on mineralogical composition of slags 613 W Waldo's thermometric conversion table 668 Walker casting machine for copper 553 Wallaroo smelter, So. Australia, blast-roasting at 436 Wanjukoff's tests on elimination of impurities during refining 538 Washoe blast-furnace slag, analysis of 631 charge, composition of 266 Washoe roasting-plant 82 Washoe smelter, analysis of aluminous binding-ore for linings 488 blast-furnace charge at 265 blast-furnace matte. use of for reverberatory smelting 379 Wood-gas, analysis of 405 Wysk smelter, Perm, Russia, Wanjukoff's experiments at 538 Zinc-blende, behavior of in heap roasting 104 Zinc oxide, effect of upon slags 634 as neutralizing agent for acid in smelter gases 594 BINDING L;:T JUN151940 in Peters, Edward Dyer 780 The practice of copper F/S2 smelting Mining PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY. 