None
sLucas, K. : The Conduction of the Nervous Impulse, revised by E. D. Adrian, Lon- don, 1917, Longmans, Green & Co. ^Tinel, J. N. : Nerve' Wounds, English Trans., London, 1918, Bailliere, Tindall and Cox. sTashiro, S.: Am. Jour. Pliysiol., 1913, xxxii, 107. effill, A. V.: Jour. Physiol., 1912, xliii, 433. 7Mathison, G. C. : Jour. Physiol., 1910-11, xli, 416. sCannon and Burkett: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1913. Sensation and Sensory Localization "Head, H.: Brain, 1919, xli, 57. icHolmes, G., and Lister: Brain, 1916, xxxix, 34. uRiddoch, G. : Brain, 1917, xl, 15. "Gushing, H. : Proc. Am. Physiol. Soc., Am. Jour. Physiol., 1909. isHead, H.: Brain, 1893, et seq. i4Lennander: Keen's Surgery, v, 156. isHead, H., and Thompson: Brain, 1906, xxix, 537. leHolmes, G. : Brit. Med. Jour., 1915, ii, Nov. 27, Dec. 4, Dec. 11. Autonomic Nervous System 17Gaskell, W. H. : The Involuntary Nervous System, London, 1916, Longmans, Green & Co. isPottenger, F. M. : Symptoms of Visceral Disease, St. Louis, 2nd ed., 1922, C. V. Mosby Co. isFearnside, E. G.: Brain, 1917, xl, 149. soHead, H., and Eiddoch, G.: Brain, 1917, xl, 188. 21Cannon, W. B. : Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage, New York, 1915, D. Appleton & Co. Muscle 22Forbes, A., and Rappleye, W. C.: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1917, xlii, 228. 2spratt, F. H., and Eisenberger, J. P.: Am. Jour. Physiol., 1919, xlix, 1. 24Bayliss, W. M. : Principles of General Physiology, London, 1915, Longmans, Green & Co. ssFletcher, W. M., and Hopkins, F. G. : Jour. Physiol., 1907, xxxv 247. 26Gunn, J. A., and Underbill, J. F. : Quart. Jour. Exper. Physiol., viii, 275. SUMMARY, MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM; SPINAL SHOCK 971 Tone and Postural Coordination 27Sherringten, G. S. : Quart. Jour. Exper. Physiol., 1909, ii, 109; Brain, 1915, xxxviii, 191. 2«Lee, T. S.: Jour. Physiol., 1894, xv, 311; 1894-5, xvii, 192. ssLyon, E. P. : . Am. Jour. Physiol., 1900, iv, 77. soBlack, D.: Jour. Lab. and Clin. Med., 1916, i, 467. sigherrington, C. S.: Jour. Physiol., 1898, xxii, 319. 32Weed, L. H.: Jour. Physiol., 1914, xlviii, 205. ssThiele, H. : Jour. Physiol., 1905, xxxii, 358. 34Walshe, F. M. E.: Brain, 1919, xlii, 1. 35Holmes, G.: Brain, 1917, xl, 461. seLuciani, L. : Human Physiology, iii, (English trans.), London, 1914. Integrative Action of Nervous System 37Sherrington, C. S. : The Integrative Action of the Nervous System, New York, 1906. ssLoeb, J.: Forced Movements, Tropisms and Animal Conduct, Philadelphia, 1918. The Cerebrum soWatson, J. B. : Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist, Philadelphia, 1919. Psychological Review, 1916, xxiii, 89. *°Bolton, J. S. : Eecent Researches on Cortical Localization and on the Function of the Cerebrum in Further Advances in Physiology, ed. by Leonard Hill, London, E. Arnold, 1909. 4iMorgulis, S.: Jour. Animal Behavior, 1914, iv, 142; ibid., 1914, iv, 362. Keflex Functions of the Spinal Cord in Man "Riddoch, G.: Brain, 1917, xl, 264. INDEX Abdominal respiration, 324 Abnormal pulses, 291 Absorption, in general, 13 from stomach, 490 ' of fats, 722 Acapnia, 306 Accessory food factors, 618 Acetoacetic acid, 715, 738 Acetone, 715, 738 Acid: buffer action, 36 excretion of, by kidneys, 47 chemistry of fatty, 718 Acid-base balance, 38, 363, 372 Acidity, actual degree of, 23 Acidosis : ammonia-urea ratio during, 650 compensated, 39 in diabetes, 715 in nephritis, 715 in starvation, 602, 603 relation to alveolar CO,, 371 relationship to breathing, 371 theory of, 38 uncompensated, 39 Acids, of urine, 558 Acromegaly, 816 Action currents in skeletal muscle, 906 Actual degree of acidity and alkalinity, 23 Adaptation, sensory, 862 Addison's disease, 772 Adenine, 667, 669 Adenosine, 671 Adrenal glands, 768 and diabetes, 708, 790 assaying content of, 779 cortex of, 776 disease of, in man, 772 medulla of, 770 sexual precocity and, 776 Adrenaline (see Epiuephrine) Adsorption, 66 compounds, 71 conditions influenced by, 68 effect of chemical forces on, 69 effect of electric changes on, 68 everyday reactions depending on, 67 of gases, 67 Afferent nerves, segmental distribution of, 866 Afferent paths: in spinal cord, 868 in brain-stem, 871 of spinal reflexes, 872 of visceral reflexes, 873 of cerebellar reflexes, 874 After discharge, 915 effect on creatinine excretion, 657 Alanine, 634, 635, 636, 639, 698 Albolene absorption, 723 Albuminuria, 552 Alkali retention, determination of, 48 Alkaline buffer, 36 Alkaline reserve, 38 Alkalosis, 373,, 380, 559. Alkaptonuria, 536 Allantoin, 668, 672, 678 Allied reflexes, simultaneous combina- tion of, 945, 946 successive combination of, 946 Allocheiria, 859 All-or-none law: of conduction, 837, 839 of contraction of skeletal muscle, 908 of contraction of heart muscle, 177 Alloxan, 668 Alveolar air: clinical investigation of, 364 estimation of gases in, 361 Fridericia method, 357 Haldane method, 357 Pearce method, 362 tension of CO2, 46, 361, 373 during breathing in confined space, 366 tension of oxygen, 362 Ambard's equation, 562 Amboceptor, 97 Amino acids, 634 in blood, 641 chemistry of, 634 determination of, 635 fate of, 645 groups, 636, 638 in growth, 609 in tissues, 642 in urine, 564, 654 structure of, 638, 639 Aminoacetic acid (see Glycocoll) Aminopropionic acid (see Alanine) 973 974 INDEX Ammonia : ammonia-urea ratio: influence of acidosis on, 563, 650 in disease, 661 influence of liver on, 654. 712 postprandial, 691 splanchnic, 704 Hypernephroma, 769 Hyperpituitarism, 816 Hyperpnea, 366, 371, 377 Hyperthyroidism, 798 Hypertonic solution, 6 Hypopituitarism, 817 Hypothyroidism, 797 Hypotonic solution, 6 Hypoxanthine, 667, 671 Ignition juice, 473 Ileocolic sphincter, 501, 503 Imbibition, 63 Imidazole and growth, 639, 656 Imidazole ring, 656 Imidazolylethylamine, 253, 413, 461, 536 Immediate induction, 947 Impulses, nature of, 837 Indican, 565, 665 Indicator method, list of indicators, 33 Indole, 535, 639, 665 Indoxyl sulphate of potassium, 665 Induction, immediate, 947 successive, 949 Inhibition, 843 reciprocal, 914, 937 Inhibitory effects of autonomic nerves, 896 Innervation, double of visceral organs, 896 Inorganic constituents of urine, 565 Inorganic salts and growth, 618 Inosine, 670, 671 Inosinic acid, 668 Inspiration, negative pressure during, 322 Insulin, 714 Integration of allied reflexes, 945, 946 Intercostal muscles, 336 Interganglionic connectives, 832 Internal respiration, 391 Interstitial cells of ovary, 822 Intestinal bacteria, 533, 690 Intestinal ballast, 631 Intestinal juice, control of, 477 Intestinal muscle : metabolic gradient of, 500 rhythmicity of, 499 segmenting movements of, 497 Intestinal obstruction, 505, 538 Intestinal secretions, 476 INDEX 983 Intestine : absorption from, 13 anastomosis of, 504 bacterial digestion in, 533 digestion in, 523 law of, 501 movements of: large, 503 clinical conditions affecting, 504 small, 497 nature of, 501 nervous control of, 501 Intracardiac pressure curves, 146, 151 Intracranial pressure, 258 Intragastric pressure, 488 Intrapleural pressure, 321 Intrapulmonic pressure, 316 Intra vitam anticoagulants, 101 Intravascular clotting, 108 Inulin, 696 Invertase, 82, 526, 689 Iodine value of fats, 719 lodothyrine, 798 lonization, 16 Irradiation on to respiratory center, 430 Iris, denervated, 784 Isoelectric point, 64 Isoleucine, 639 Isomaltose, 79 Isometric period, 150 Isotonic solution, 6 J Jacksonian epilepsy, 883, 887 Jugular pulse tracing, 285 Juice, gastric, 467, 516 intestinal, 476 pancreatic, 476, 523 K Keith and Flack, conducting tissue in heart, 185 Keith, Kowntree, and Geraghty method, 85 Kent, bundle of, 183 Ketosis, 715 Kidney, oxygen requirements of, 408, 412 removal of, 655 structure of, 541 Knee-jerk, 966 L Labyrinth, 918 clinical tests of, 920 Lactalbumin, 611 Lactam, 682 Lactase, 525, 689 Lactic acid, 413, 639, 689, 697, 708 effect on respiratory center, 379 in relation to anoxemia, 379 produced by exercise, 431, 435 Lactim, 682 Language, 958 Laws of gases, 353 of mass action, 23 applied measurement of H-ion concen- tration, 26 Lead poisoning, 684 Lecithin, 720 estimation of, 726 in bile, 532 in blood, 726, 728 Leech extract, 101 Legumelin, 612 Legumin, 612 Leucine, 640, 698 Leucemia, 681 Leucocytes, 97 sensitizing of, 70 transitorial, 98 Levulose, 698 Levy and Eowntree method, 41 Leydig cells, 821 Limulus, heartbeat of, 173 Lipase, 25, 91, 522, 525, 719 Lipemla, 728 Lipoids of blood, 728 List of indicators, 33 Litten's diaphragm phenomenon, 338 Liver : circulation through, 265 disease of, 654 glycogen in, 695 metabolism of fats in, 731 perfusion of, 652 removal of, 651 urea formation in, 651 Local irritants, 248, 253 Localization : one dimensional, 861 two dimensional, 861 three dimensional, 861 Locke solution, 168 Loven reflex, 248 Lungs, circulation through, 264 mode of expansion of, 342 Lymph : absorption into, 13 electric conductivity, 16 filtration in, 118 formation and circulation, 115 formation of, 15 Lymph spaces, 115 Lymphagogues, 119 Lymphatics, 115 Lymphocytes, 97 Lyophobe colloids, 61 Lysine, 629, 640 Lysine and growth, 612, 614, 616 M Maintenance, diets for, 61G Maltase, 525, 689 Maltose, 525, 689 984 INDEX Manometer : blood-gas differential, 39;") Hurthle, 128, 147 mercury, 125 optical, 147 spring, 128 valved mercury, 152 Mark-time reflex, 967 Mass action, 23 Mass action and H-ion concentration, 26 Mass movements of blood, 208 measurement of, 296 Mass-reflex, 968 Mastication, 478 Mechanics of respiration, 316 Mechanism of urine excretion, 544 Megacaryocytes, 104 Melting point, fats, 719 Mercury manometer, 125 Mesencephalico-spinal system, 963 Metabolism : calculations, 596 endogenous, 649 exogenous, 649 general, 570 in starvation, 600 normal, 604 of carbohydrates, 685 of central nervous system, 851 of fats, 718 of nerve fibres, 856 of proteins, 632 of purines, 676 special, 570 Methyl glyoxal, 698 Methyl group, 634 Methyl purines, 668 Methylation, 660 Methylglyoxal, 698 Mett's method, 521 Microcytes, 95 Microtonometer, 356 Mid-capacity of lungs, 328 Milk, clotting of, 521 Miniature stomach, 468 Minimal air, 317 Mononuclear leucocytes, 97 Monoplegia, 887 Monosaccharides, 689 Morphogenetic, 767 Morawitz theory, blood clotting, 108 Motor areas: representation of function in, 886 stimulation of, 885 Mountain sickness, 378, 415 acid and ammonia excretion in, 420 acid-base equilibrium in, 416 adaptation to, 418 alveolar CO2 in, 416 blood corpuscles in, 419 • symptoms of, 417 Movements, of intestine, 497 of stomach, 485 Municipal food statistics, 628 Muscarine, action on heart, 232 Muscle, cardiac, properties of, 176 refractory period, 178 respiration in, 408, 409 staircase phenomenon (treppe), 177 skeletal, 177 respiration in, 394 Muscular exercise, 248, 574 circulatory changes during, 427 effect on metabolism, 586 effect on respiration, 427 H-ion during, 431, 432 purines during, 480 redistribution of blood during, 433 respiratory changes during, 427 temperature of blood during, 433 Mutual precipitation of colloids, 57 Myenteric reflex, 830 Myogenic hypothesis of heartbeat, 171 Myoneural junction, 845 effect of curare on, 845 effect of epinephrine on, 845 Myxedema, 796 energy output in, 578 N Narcotics and blood fat, 727 Necrosis of liver, 654 Negative heart pulse, 154 Negative pressure in ventricle, 152 Nephelometer, 726 Nephrectomy, 655 Nephritis, 683, 684 acidosis in, 715 urea retention in, 562 Nerves : degeneration of, 846 regeneration of, 846 specific properties of, 859 vasodilator, 239 Nerve cell body, function of, 846 Nerve fiber: conduction in, 837 degeneration of, 846 direction of conduction in, 837 fatigue of, 841 isolation of conduction in, 837 metabolism of, 850 regeneration of, 846 Nerve net, 830 Nervi erigentes, 239, 895 Nervous control : of gastric secretion, 469 of ileocolic sphincter, 503 of intestinal glands, 477 of intestinal movements, 501 of pancreas, 462 of respiration, 344 of salivary glands, 458 of stomach movements, 492 Nervous conduction, polarity in, 830, 841 INDEX 985 Nervous impulse: conduction of, 836 rhythm of, 841 Nervous diabetes, 704 in man, 706 Nervous system : autonomic, 893 bulbar outflow, 894 enteral, 895 internuncial fibres, 894 oculo-molor, 895 sacral outflow, 894 thoracico-lumbar outflow, 895 evolution of, 827 influence on excretion of urine, 563 integration of, 945, 951 metabolism of, 851 nutrition of, 846, 849 Network, nerve, 830 Neurogenic hypothesis, of heart, 172 Neurons, 830 association, 834 effector, 894 internuncial, 894 Neuroid transmission, 828 Neurolemma, 848 Neutrality, regulation of, 36 Nicotine : action on vagus, 231 Nitrogen : action on synapse, 238, 844, 895 excretion of, premortal rise, 600 in starvation, 600 undetermined, urine, 647, 662 Nitrogen balance, 605 Nitrogenous constituents of urine, 560 Nitrogenous equilibrium, 605 Nitrogenous metabolites, in starvation, 602 Nociceptives : reflex, 966 Noeud vital, 344 Nonelectrolytes, 16 Nonthreshold substances, 546 Normal acid, 22 Normoblasts, 94 Noxious stimuli, 862 Nuclease, 671 Nucleic acid, 669, 720 Nuclein ferments, 91 Nucleins, 669 Nucleoside, 670 Nucleotide, 670 Nystagmus, 920 Nutrition, 608 of nervous tissue, 846, 849 Obesity, Banting cure for, 605 Oleic acid, 718 Olein, 719 Olfactory area, 879 Oncometer, 235 Opsonins, 70 Optic thalamus, sensory center of, 876 Organs, loss of weight during starva- tion, 602 perfusion of, 652 Ornithine, 650, 664 Ornithuric acid, 664 Orthopnea, 329, 335 Oscillatory method of blood pressure, 132 Osmometer, 5 Osmosis, 4 Osmotic pressure, 4, 10 and formation of lymph, 13 and hemolysis, 7 and plasmolysis, 8 measurement by depression of freez- ing point, 11 in physiologic mechanisms, 13 in production of urine by kidneys, 14 of transfusates, 142 Ovary, 822 Ovalbumin, as food, 611 Ovovitellin, as food, 611 Oxidases, 82 Oxidation of blood, 400 Oxybutyric acid, 650, 715, 740 Oxygen : coefficient of oxidation, 408 coefficient of utilization, 410 determination of, 596 estimation in blood, 403 requirements of tissues, 408 tension in alveolar air, 361 tension in arterial blood, 354, 356 therapeutic value of, 445 transportation by blood, 392 volume percentage in blood, 403 Oxygen insufficiency, (see anoxemia) Oxygen supply of heart, 163, 166 Oxyproteic acid, 662 Pacchionian body, 256 Pain: referred, 858 sensation of, 862 transmission in cord, 868 sense, 862 Palatability, 630 Palmitic acid, 718, 736 Pancreas : hormone control of, 460 histologic changes of, 464 oxygen requirements, 396 nervous control of, 462 sugar metabolism and, 710 Pancreatic diabetes, 712 Pancreatic digestion, 523 986 INDEX Pancreatic juice, 476 and fat digestion, 721 secretion of, 460 Pancreatin, 524 Parasympatlietic system, 895 Parathyroids, 800 disease of, 800 injury of, 800 removal of, 800 Paralysis, flaccid, 924 Paroxysmal tachycardia, 281, 293 Partial dissociation, 283 Partial pressure of gases, 353 Past pointing, 920 Pelvic nerve, 895 P'elargonic acid, 740 Pentose, 670, 696 Pepsin, action of, 519 products of, 520 Pepsinogen, 519 Peptides, 636 Peptone, 106, 520 Perfusion, of kidney, 664 of liver, 652 Perfusion fluid, of heart, 166 Perfusion of heart, 161 Periodic breathing, causes of, 385, 386 types of, 385 Peripheral resistance, 135, 234 as cause of shock, 304 Peristalsis : in esophagus, 481 in large intestine, 503 in small intestine, 497 in stomach, 486, 489 Peristaltic rush, 500, 505 Peristaltic wave, 499 Pernicious anemia, energy output in, 578 P'eroxidases, 82 PH, 27 Phagocytes, 98 Phenaceturic acid, 738 Phenol, 534 Phenolacetic acid, 536 Phenolphthalein, 516, 558 Phenylacetic acid, 664, 738 Phenylalanine, 639 PTienyl group, 639 Phlorhizin, 695, 696 Phono-receptors, 855 Phosphates, excretion of, 47 Phosphate solutions for H-ion, 34 Phosphates of urine, 566 Phospholipins, 720 in bile, 532 Photo-receptors, 855 Phrenic center, 345 isolation of, 345 PTiysiochemical basis, 1 Physiological processes depending on ad- sorption, 70 Pigments, absorption of, 117 Pilocarpine, action on heart, 232 Pilomotor fibers, 897 Pineal gland, 820 Pituitary gland, 806 anterior lobe of, 808 disease of, 816 functions of, 807 pars intermedia of, 815 posterior lobe, 809 Pitot's tubes, 201 Pituitrin, effect on vessels, 811 effect on carbohydrate metabolism, 814 effect on kidney, 812 effect on milk secretion, 813 Plasma, 100 Plasmolysis, 8 Plastic tonus, 905 Platelets, of blood, 98, 107 Plethora, 87 Plethysmograph, 209, 235, 320 Pleurisy, 341 Plexus of Auerbach and Meissner, 500 Pneumothorax, 322 P'oikilocytes, 95 Polarity, in conduction, 841 in reflex arc, 841 Polygraph, 286 Polynuclear cells, 97 Polypeptides, 520, 636 Poly phosphoric acid, 670 Polysaccharides, 522 Polysphygmograms, 285 Portal vein, bloodflow in, 265 Postdicrotic wave, pulse, 203 Postprandial hyperglycemia, 691 Postsphygmic period, 150 Postural co-ordination, 914 central control of, 924 Posture of body, 917 Potassium, microchemical test for, 4.~>n Potassium ions, on heart, 167 Potential acidity of urine, 559 Precipitins, 632 Predicrotic wave, pulse, 203 Premature beats, 278, 292 Premortal rise, 600 Presphygmic period, 150 Pressor impulses, 243, 244, 245 Pressure : intragrastric, 488 intrapleural, 321 effect of, in blood pressure, 323 intrapulmonic, 316 negative, 322 osmotic, 10 Pressure pulse, 129 Principle of Willard Gibbs, 66 Proline, 640 P'roprioceptors, 914 clinical tests for, 920 Prosecretin, 461 Proteases, 90 Protein sparers, 636 INDEX 987 Proteinases, 81 Proteins : as colloids, 64 bacterial digestion of, 535 chemistry of, 633 metabolism of, 631, 647 end products, 647 minimum requirement, 606, 629 of blood, 88 relative value of, for growth, 646 salting out of, 61 Proteose, 520 Prothrombin, 104, 107 , 112 Psychopathology, 960 Ptomaines, 536, 662 P'tyalin, 525, 689 Pulmonary circulation, 264 Pulmonary ventilation, 367 Pulses, 198 abnormal, 291 alternans, 181 bigeminus, 181 contour of wave, 200 length of wave, 199 palpable, 202 pressure, 129 pulse curves, 202 pulse waves, 198, 199, 200, 202 rate of transmission, 199 velocity, 200 venous, central, 205, 285 venous, peripheral, 205 Purkinje fibers, 184 Purine bodies (see Purines) Purines: chemistry of, 563, 647, 667, 674 endogenous, 676, 677 exogenous, 674 metabolism of, 667 in starvation, 603 synthesis of, 677 in urine, 563 Putrefaction, intestinal, 535, 565 Putrescine, 662 Pyloric canal, 485 Pyloric sphincter, control of, 490 Pyloric vestibule, 485 Pyrimidine bases, 669, 670 P'yruvic acid, 635 E Eami communicantes, 238 Raynaud's disease, bloodflow in, 300 Reaction of urine, 558 Reactions depending on adsorption, 67 Reactions of body fluids, 35 Receptor-effector system, 829 Receptors, 829, 854, 933 chemo, 855 distance, 952 extero, 917 evolution of, 854 of skin, 859 Receptors — -Cont 'd phono, 855 photo, 855 proprio, 914 tango, 855 temperature, 861 touch, 860 Reciprocal inhibition, 915, 937 action of strychnine on, 941 action of tetanus toxin on, 941 Reciprocal innervation of blood vessels, 247 Red blood corpuscles, origin of, 93 Reduction of blood, 400 Referred pain, 858 Reflex, 832 conditioned, 466, 954 unconditioned, 466 Reflex arc, 832 integration within, 933 polarity of, 841 Reflex conduction: canalization, 844 facilitation, 843 induction, 843 inhibition, 843 summation, 843 Reflexes : abdominal, 892 Achilles tendon, 892 allied, 945 simultaneous combination of, 946 successive combination of, 946 antagonistic, 945 axon, 829, 898 bulbocavernosus, 967 conditioned, 854 cremasteric, 967 crossed extension, 966 extensor thrust, 967 flexion, 966 genital, 892 mark-time, 967 mass-reflex, 968 myenteric, 830 nociceptive, 966 palmar, 892 plantar, 892 proprioceptive, 914 pupillary, 892 scapular, 892 scratch, 966 triceps, 892 unconditioned, 466 Reflex fatigue, 948 Reflex figure, 941 spread of, 943 Refractive index, blood, 89 Refractory period, 839, 934 Refractrometric methods, 89 Regeneration of erythrocytes, 94 of nerve fibres, 846 Regulation of neutrality, 36 988 INDEX Regurgitation of gastric contents, 483 Reichart-Meissl value of fats, 719 Eenal diabetes, 693 Renal function, theories of, 545 Renal threshold for sugar, 692 Rennin, 521 Reserve alkalinity, measurements of, in- direct methods, 41, 46 measurement of, titration methods, 41 Residual air, 317, 328 Respiration : abdominal, 324 beyond the lungs, 391 during muscular exercise, 427 external, 391 in compressed air, 420 in rarefied air, 415 internal, 391 mechanics of, 316 movements of diaphragm in, 337 movements of ribs in, 332 Respiration calorimeter, 572 Respiratory center, 344 afferent impulses to, 348, 350 automaticity of, 346 hormone control of, 352, 366 reflex control of, 348 sensitivity to alveolar CO,, 371 stimulation by CO2, 366, 3~67 subsidiary, 345 Respiratory changes in muscular exer- cise, 427 Respiratory exchange: according to body weight, 585 and body temperature, 586 and muscular exercise, 586 and temperature of environment, 586 clinical method for determining, 589 in diabetes, 709 in tissues, 408, 412 Respiratory hormone, nature of, 366 Respiratory movements, 322, 325 Respiratory passages, pressure of air in, 316 Respiratory quotient, 582 in diabetes, 709 influence of diet on, 582 influence of metabolism on, 584 influence of muscular activity on, 435 Respiratory tracings, 320 Respiratory valves, Pearce 's, 589 Reticulated erythroblasts, 94 Reversible action of enzymes, 25 Ribs, movements of, 332 musculature of, 336 undulatory movements of, 334 Right lateral connection, heart, 185 Romberg's sign, 921 Rotation test of labyrinth, 920 Rhythmic segmentation, 497 Sacral outflow, 894 Salicylates, 681 Saline injection, effect on blood pres sure, 139 Saliva, control of secretion, nervous, 458 psychic, 466 normal secretion, 466 Salt, dietetic value, 618 Salted blood, 101 Salting of proteins, 61 Saponification, 719 Sarcosine, 656 Saturation limits, 685, 687 Scratch reflex, 966 Scurvy, 622 Sea anemone, nervous system of, 828 Second wind, 438 Secretory fibers, varieties of, 459 Secretion, 460 chemical nature of, 461 mechanism of action of, 455 Secretion (see under various glands) general considerations, 453 Segmentation movements, 497 Semicircular canals, 918 destruction of, 918 eye movements and, 918 Semilunar valves, 150, 155 Semipermeable membrane, 4 Sensation : afferent paths of, 866 distribution of, 863 local sign of, 856 quality of, 855 Sense, temperature, 861 touch, 860 • pain, 862 Sensibility : cutaneous, 859 deep, 859 Sensory adaptation, 862 Sensory area of cutaneous and deep sensibility, 878 Sensory centers, 876 of brain, 876 of cerebral cortex, 876 of optic thalamus, 878 Serine, 639 Serum albumin, 88 Serum globulin, 88 Sex, effect on creatinine excretion, 658 effect on energy output, 577 Sham feeding, 469 Shell shock, 302 Shock, 301 action of heart in, 305 anesthetic, 302 blood pressure in, 303 experimental investigations,, 304 gravity, 301 INDEX 989 Shock — Cont 'd hemorrhagic, 302 histamine as a factor in, 307 nervous, 302 prognosis of, 311 oligemia in, 306 recovery from, 312 secondary symptoms of, 310 shell, 302 spinal, 302, 924, 965 surgical, 303 toxemia as a cause of, 309 trauma as a cause of, 309 treatment of, 311 vasomotor control in, 304, 305 Sinoauricular node, 185, 278, 293 Sinus arrhythmia, 292 Sinus bradycardia, 292 Skatole, 535, 665 in urine, 565 Skeletal muscle, respiration in, 408, 409 Skin, receptors of, 859 Smooth muscle: contraction of, 912 fatigue of, 912 metabolism of, 912 rhythmicity of, 913 Soap, 718 Sodium ions, 166 Solution of gases, 353 Solutions : gas laws and, 3 gram molecular, 5, 22 hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic, 6 nature of, 3 Sb'rensen method for estimating amino groups, 635 Sounds, cardiac, 156 recording of, 158 Specific conductivity, 17 Specific dynamic action, 574 Specific gravity of urine, 557 Sphingomyelin, 720 Sphygmic period-, 290 Sphygmograph, Dudgeon's, 201 Spinal cord: section of, 849 in laboratory animals, 965 in man, 967 hemisection of, 870 sensory pathways in, 868 successive degeneration in, 849 Spinal reflexes, 965 Spinal shock, 924, 965 cause of, 969 in animals, 965 in man, 967 Spirometer, 556 Splanchnic circulation in shock, 305, 306 Splanchnic nerve, 238, 704 Sponges, nervous system of, 828 Spot finding, 861 Stalagmometer, 66 Standard of neutrality, 26 Standard solutions, preparation of, 34 Stannius' ligature, 176 Starvation, 600 acidosis during, 602, 603 cause of death, 604 effect of creatinine excretion, 658 energy output during, 602 excretion of nitrogen, 600 loss of weight, 602 nitrogenous metabolism, 602 purines during, 603 secretion of gastric juice during, 511 sensations during, 510 sulphur during, 603 treatment of diabetes, 716 Statistical method, in diet control, 626 Stearic acid, 718 Stilling, "Summer cells" of, 769 Stomach : arrangement of food in, 489 digestion in, 515 emptying of, 491 effect of pathological conditions on, 494 rate of, 492 gas in, 496 miniature, 468 movements of, 485 effect on food, 488 tonus rhythm of, 506 Stroma of red cell, 92 Stromuhr, 207 Strychnine, action on reciprocal inhibi- tion, 941 action of, on synapse, 844 Subarachnoid space, 116, 255 Subcostal angle, 338 Subcostal borders, 338 Subdural space, 116 Submicrons, 55 Successive degeneration, 949 Sugar, storage of, 694 Sugar level in blood, 690 Sugar metabolism (see Carbohydrates), 685 relation of pancreas to, 710 Sulphates, ethereal, 535, 665 Sulphates, of urine, 566 Sulphur, excretion of, 648 in starvation, 603 Summation, 934 in conduction, 843 in reflexes, 842 Superior laryngeal nerve, influence on respiration, 351 Supplemental air, 317 Surface area, and energy output, 575 Surface tension, measurement of, 65 Surgical shock, 303 Survival period, 615 Suspensions, 52 Suspensoids, colloids, 61 990 INDEX Swallowing, 479 center, 481 of liquid food, 482 nervous control of, 481 sounds produced by, 483 x-ray during, 483 Sympathetic control of heart, 232 afferent, 228 Sympathetic nerve, 458 Sympathetic system, 895 Synapse, 830, 841 Synaptic fatigue in shock, 311 Synaptic resistance, 842 Syntonin, 520 Systolic index, 134 Systolic pressure, 129 measurement of, in man, 129 Tabes dorsalis, 300 Tachycardia, paroxysmal, 293 Tango-receptors, 855 Taurine, 528 Taurocholic acid, 528 Temperature : effect on dissociation curve, 399 effect on metabolism, 586 sensation of, 861 transmission in cord, 868 Tendon jerks, 921 Tension of CO2 in venous blood, 359 of gases in alveolar air, 46, 356, 373 Testicles, 821 Tetanus, 905, 906 in stomach, 507 Tetanus toxin, action on reciprocal inhi- bition, 941 Tetany, 802 calcium deficiency in, 804 cause of, 804 electrical excitability in, 803 experimental, 800 guanidine metabolism in, 804 symptoms of, 802 Theinc, 668 Theobromine, 668 Thirst, 514 Thoracic operculum, 333 Thoracicolumbar outflow, 895 Threshold : of receptors, 855 of touch, 861 Thrombin, 103 Thrombogen, 107 Thrombokinases, 107 Thromboplastin, 107, 112 Thrombosis, 108 Thrombus formation, 113 Thymic acid, 682 Thymine, 669 Thymus, 824 Thyroid gland, 791 disease of, 795 removal of, 794 Thyroidectomy, 794 Thyroxin, 798 Thymus, 824 Tidal air, 317 Tissot method, 580, 591 Tissue fluid, 116 Tissue juice, 117 Tissues: amino acids in, 641 influence of, on clotting, 105 oxygen requirements of, 408, 412 utilization of glucose by, 708 Titrable. Uricase, 673 Uricemia, 683 Uricolytic index, 674 Urine : acids of, 563, 564 amino acid, 564 amount of, 556 aromatic oxyacids of, 564 chlorides of, 565 composition, 560 crcatinine of, 563 depression of freezing point of, 557 excretion of, 544 H-ioii concentration of, 558 in disease, 567 hippuric acid, 564 homogentisic acid, 565 inorganic constituents of, 565 nitrogenous constituents ofj 560 normal organic salts of, 560 phosphates, 566 physical processes involved in produc- tion of, 14 purine bodies of, 563 rate of excretion, 675 reaction of, 558 skatole, 565 solid constituents of, 560 specific gravity of, 556 sulphates of, 566 total potential acidity of, 550 urea of, 561 Uriniferous tubule, 541 Urobilin, 529 Urobilinogen, 530 Utilization limit, 688 V Vagus : control of heart, 222 impulses, afferent, 227 Vagus center, effect of nicotine on, 231 location of, 227 tonicity of 226 Vagus nerve, influence on respiration, 348 Valine, 640, 641 Valves, cardiac, mechanism of, 154 auriculoventricular, 154 semilunar, 155 Valvular disease, 220 Van Slyke method for acidosis, 42, 43 Van Slyke method for amino groups, 636 Vascular reflex, 297 Varicose veins, 215 Vasoconstriction, 236 Vasoconstrictor fibers, 237 methods of detecting, 236 of extremities, 238 of head, 238 of viscera, 238 origin of, 237 Vasodilator fibers, 239 methods for detecting, 236 origin of, 239 Vasomotor center: afferent impulses, 243, 244 chief center, 240 effect of H-ion of blood on, 242 hormone control of, 242 subsidiary centers, 240 Vasomotor fibers, 236 origin of, 237 Vasotonic impulses, 241 Veins, disappearance of pulse in, 205 Velocity constant, enzymes, 75 Velocity, mean lineal, 206 pulse, 200 Venous blood, tension of CO2 in, 359 Venous inflow, 216 Venous outflow, 235 Venous pulse tracing, 285 Venous sinuses, intracranial, 255 Ventilation : chemical conditions of air and, 754 physical conditions of air and, 757 physiological principles of, 754 susceptibility to infection and, 759 Ventilation of lungs, 367 Ventricle, curves of pressure in, 146, 148, 151 Ventricles : conductivity tissue of, 182 fibrillation, 195 spread of beat in, 192, 194 Ventricular hypertrophies, 284 Vignin, 612 Viscera, blood supply of, 254 Visceral bloodflow, 212 Viscosity of blood, 141 Visual area, 880 Visuo-motor areas, 886 Vital activity, 14 992 INDEX Vital capacity, 317, 329 in disease, 329 Vital theory of urine excretion, 545 Vitamines, 618 Vividiffusion, 641 Vomiting, 483 W Water content of blood, 87 Water hammer, in blood pressure meas- urement, 134 Wheatstone bridge, 18 White crescentic line, 231 Wiggers manometer, 147 Willard Gibbs, principle of, 66 Word blindness, 861 Word centers, 860 Word deafness, 861 Xanthine, 667, 671 Xanthine oxidase, 671 Xanthosine, 671 X-rays, in study of stomach, 469 movements of stomach seen by aid of 485, 489 Zein, inadequacy for growth, 612 Zymogen granules, 454, 455, 464 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MEDICAL SCHOOL LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW Books not returned on time are subject to a fine of 50c per volume after the third day overdue, increasing to $1.00 per volume after the sixth day. fl D D :" - 194H OC I 2 0 2m-4,'36. 