None
H., work on rusts, 191 Chromatin in bacteria, 23; in fungi, 53 Chromatium, 39; Okeni, length and breadth of, 22 Chromogenic bacteria, 25, 26 Chromoparous, 26 Chromophorous, 26 Chromosomes in fungi, 53; reduction, 53 Chymosin, 59 Chytridiaceae, characters of, 116, 117, 118 Circasa lutetiana, giant cells, figure of 372 Cladochytricce, 116, 117 Cladomany, 333 Cladonia cristatella on dead wood, 83; pyxidata on stumps, 83; rangiferina on ground, 83 758 INDEX Cladothrix, 38; dichotoma, 38; fungi- formis, 38; intestinalis, 38; intrica, 38; profundus, 38; rufula, 38 Classification, i; of bacteria, 28; of enzymes, 58; of fungi, 2-6 Clathraceae, characters of family, 251; distribution of genera and species of, 87, 88 Clathrus cancellatus, figure of, 247; columnatus, development of, 248 Claussen, P., reinvestigation of Pyro- nema confluens, 123; work cited, 108 Clavaria, species of, 223 Clavariaceae, characters of family, 222 Claviceps purpurea, 546; chitin in sclerotia of, 52; described, 162; fat content, 56; figures of, 160, 161; sclerotia of, 69 Cleanliness to prevent disease, 367 Cleavage blocks in formation of spores in slime moulds, 14 Climatic factors of disease, 281 Clostridium butyricum, 36 Clotting enzymes, 59 Clouds, influence of, 284 Clover rust, 502 Club-root, 487, 488; figure of on cabbage roots, 488; of cabbage, figure of, 10 Coagulation, 59 Cobb's disease of sugar cane, 37 Coccaceae, 34 Coconut water, 599 Cocoon disease of silkworms, 147 Coelonemata, 15 Coenobia, 21 Coffee leaf-spot, 503 Coffee rust, 503 Cohesion, 333 Collection of fungi, 726, 727 Coleosporiaceae, characters of family, 199 Coleosporium solidaginis and sickness of horses, 200 CoUetotrichum gossypii, 508; lagena- rium, 525; Lindemuthianum, 264; figures of, 265; species of, 266 CoUybia dryophila, fall of spores of, 64; platyphylla on decaying logs, 74 Colonies, types of, 626, 627 Colors of bacteria, 26; in fungi, 53; of Plasmodia, 12 Columella in slime moulds, 15 Comandra umbellata, 298 Comatricha nigra, figure of, 14; ob- tusata, 13 Conchs, 342 Conidiophore, 46 Conidiospore, 46, 49 Coniferin, 56, 59 Coniothyrium Fuckelii, 262 Conopholis americana, 299; figure of, 301; mexicana, 299 Connold, Edward T., work of on galls, 384 Cook, Mel. Cytinus hypocistus as a parasite, 301 Cytisus Adami, a graft hybrid, 329, 330 Cytology, emphasized, 271; of fleshy fungi, 218; of rusts, 191 Cytoplasm in bacteria, 23 Cyttaria Berterii in Patagonia, 85; Darwinii in Patagonia, 85; Gunnii in Tasmania, 85; Harioti in Terra del Fuego, 85; in southern Patagonia, 74; on Nothofagus, 171 Cyttariace^e, characters of, 171 D Dacryomycetaceae, characters of, 219 Dffidalea quercina, 558; absorption of phosphorus by, 54; figure of, 558; occurrence of, 230 Damping-oflf, 342; distribution of fun- gus, 84 Danilov, work on lichens mentioned, 78 Dasyscypha Willkommii, 519 Death of hosts, 314 Decapitation experiments, 376 De Bary, Anton, work of, 189; men- tioned, 7 Decay, 33; of maple, 523; of oak, 526; of timber, 553 Decoctions, plant, 600 Dedoublement, 334 Deformation, 334 Degeneration, 334 Delafield's haematoxylin, 590 Deliquescence of Coprinus comatus, 65 Destruction of organs, 348 Description of methods of bacterial study, 631, 639 760 INDEX Desiccation, 566 Determining cause of disease, 274 Detailed account of specific plant diseases, 475 et seq. Deuteromycetes, 258-269 Developmental mechanics of pathologic tissues, bibliography of, 405, 406, 407 Development of carrion fungi, 248; of fruit bodies in mushrooms, 235, 236 De Vries, Hugo, work of, 331 Dextrose, 58 Diachaena strumosa, 74 Diagram of rust spore relations, 190 Dialysis, 334; of enzymes, 57 Diaphysis, 334 Diastase, 58 Dictydin granules, 15 Dictydium, 15 Dictyophora duplicata, figure of. 249; origin of veil, 249, 250; phalloidea, figure of, 250; figure of structure, 251 Dictyostelium mucoroides, 8 Dictyonema, a lichen, 81 Didymium melanospermum, spore for- mation in, 13, 14 Die-back of citrus fruits, 572 Dilution methods, 616 Diplasy, 335 Diplodia zeae, 504 Diploid chromosomes in slime moulds, 16 Diremption, 335 Diruption, 335 Discentration, 335 Discharge of spores, 233, 234; figure of, 63; in mushroom, figure of, 64 Discoloration, 342, 343 Discomycetiineae, characters of, 164, 165 Diseases, list of common plant, 414-473 Diseases, non-parasitic, 564 Diseases of plants, bibliography of speci- fic, 473-474 Diseases of plants in general, 271; two groups of, 413 Diseases of sweet pea, 647 Disease prevention, bibliography of, 318; resistance, 325 Disinfection, 692 Displacement, 335 Dissemination of fungi, 314, 315 Distribution of slime moulds, 18 Distrophy, 335 Dittschlag, work of, on rusts, 191 Divulsion, 335 Dodder, figure of, 305; figure of section of, 306; study of, 651 Dodge, B. O., cited, 13, 15 Dormant fungus in seeds, 308 Dorrance, Frances, translations by, 413, 564 Dothideaceae, characters of, 162 Downy mildew of grape, 513 Downy woodpecker and spores of Endothia parasitica, 67 Drawing apparatus, 657 Drawing suggestions, 664-668 Drop of lettuce, 522 Dropsy, 352 Dry rot, 343; of corn, 504; of larch, 519; of potato, 543 Dry-rot fungus, 225; in timber, 553 Duggar, B. M., book on mushroom growing, 237 Duration of disease, 313 Dust brand, 178 Dwarfing, 342, 346 Earth-star, 239, 244 Ecblastesis, 335, 338 Ecology of fungi, 69 Economic entomology, field of, 296 Ectotrophic mycorhiza, figure of, 49 Edinger's drawing apparatus, figure of details, 660, 661; description of, 657- 664 Egg albumen, 603; yolk, 603 Egg plant wilt, 646 Elaphomycetaceae, character of, 150 Elaphomyces, character of various spe- cies, 150 Elaters in slime moulds, 15 INDEX 761 Eleagnus, 9 Electric arc and fungi, 62 Elenkin work on lichens mentioned, 78 Embryology emphasized, 271 Empusa muscae, description of, 104; figure of, 104; as fly cholera, 85 Emulsin, 58, 59 Enation, 335 Enerthenema papillatum, figure of, 14 Endocellular enzymes, 56 Endomycetaceae, characters of, 131 Endomyces decipiens, parasitic on Armil- laria mellea, 131 Endophyllaceae, characters of, 198 Endophyiium sempervivi, described, 196, 198; on house leek, 348 Endophytic mycelium, 48 Endospores in bacteria, 25 Endothia parasitica, 491; and downy woodpecker, 67; description of, 164; distribution of, 83, 84; figure of peri- thecial pustules, 493, 495 ; mycelium of, 496; spread of, 316 Engelmann experiment with bacteria and oxygen, 27 Engler cited, 2 Enteridium splendens, pink Plasmo- dium of, 12 Entomology emphasized, 271 Entomophthoraceae, characters of, 103 Entomosporium maculatum, 264 Entyloma, description of several species, 185 Enumeration of means of fungous entry into plants, 312 Enzymes, 56; and heat 57; and liquid air, 57; and plant diseases, 326; carbo- hydrate splitting, 58; classification of, 58; clotting, 59; definition of word, 56; detection of, 59; diseases, 650; distribution in fungi, 58; fat splitting, 59; fermenting, 59; glucoside split- ting, 59; oxidizing, 59; protein-split- ting, 59; solubility of, 57; urea-split- ting, 59 Epanody, 335 Epipedochorisis, 335 Epidemics, 315 Epiphytic mycelium, 48 Epiphytotisms, 298, 315 Epistrophy, 335 Ergotin, 56 Ergot of rye, 546 Eriksson's mycoplasm, 190 Erysiphaceae, characters of family, 154; Key to genera of, 721, 722 Erysiple, Key to species of, 723 Escape of swarm spores, 67 Esterases, 59 Ether freezing attachment, figure of, 659 Etiolated, 335; plants, 277; plants hypertrophied, 366 Etiolation, 360; experiments with, 652 Etiology, 272; description of, 641, of galls, 385 Eubacteriales, 34 Eubasidii, 218; bibliography of, 252-257 Eumycetes, i, 42, 45, 46 Euphrasia as a root parasite, 299 Exanthema of citrus fruits, 572 Excrescences, 342, 348; of bark, 366 Excursions suggested, 667 Exoascus and witches' brooms, 72; de- scription of species, 133, 134; figures of, 132 Exoascus cerasi, 491; deformans, 534; pruni, 74, 541 Exoascaceae, characters of, 131 Exobasidiaceas, characters of, 220 Exobasidium, distribution of species and their hosts, 86, 87; vaccinii, figure of, 220; various species described, 220 Expansivity, 335 Explosions of smut, 182 Extracellular enzymes, 56 Exudations, 343, 350 Eyebright as root parasite, 299 Eyepiece micrometer, 582 Fabre, J. Flies and spore distribution, 67 Flowers of tan, 17 Flowering plants as cause of disease, 275 P'luckiger mentioned, 56 Fogs, influence of, 284 Foliose lichens, 79 Fomes applanatus, 313; fomentarius, 523; figure of, 229; fraxinophilus, figures of, 481, 482; on beech, figure of, 524; igniarius, figure of, 554; of rot by, 555, 556 Forms of rust life cycles, 189 Fossil fungi, 82 Fraser, Miss H. C, work on rusts, 191 Free, E. E., work of, 407 Freezing attachment for microtome, figure of, 657 Freezing material, 656, 657; micro- tome, figure of, 658 Fries mentioned, 7 Frondescence, 336 Frost cracks, 294; influence of, 283; necrosis of, 569 Fruit-pit of apples, 570 Fruit-rot of orange, 533 Fruticose lichens, 79 Fuhrmann, F., cited, 22, 24 Fuligo septica, as flowers of tan, 17; yellow Plasmodium, 12 Fuligo, spore formation in, 14 Fungi as cause of disease, 306, 307; as disease producers, 275 Fungicides, definition of terms, 669 Fungi imperfecti, characters of, 258- 269 Fusarium batatatis, figure of, 267; heterosporium, 61; hyperoxysporum, figure of, 267; lycopersici, 646; putrefaciens, infection by, 273; species of, 267, 269; trichothecoides, 543, 643; violae, figure of, 268 Galactose, 58 Gallionella, 37 Galls, 342, 348, 384 et seq.; aeration tissues, 400; animal, 296; and insect producers, 396; assimilation tissues of, 400; bibliography of, 401, 402; cataplasmic, 385; formation, 72; his- tology of, 396, 397; hyperplasia, 384; hypertrophy, 370, 371, 384; mechanic tissue of, 398; nutritive tissue of, 398; of cranberry, 509; protective tissues, 398; secretory reservoirs of, 400; vascular tissues of, 400 Gamomery, 336 Gangrene, 343, 352 Gas injuries, 649 763 Gases, efifect of, 289 Gasteromycetes, character of, 239, 240 Geaster, 239, 244 Geaster fornicatus, figure of, 243; hygrometricus in sandy soil, 83 Gelatin, nutrient, 604 Gelatin, sugar, 604 Gelatinous threads of chestnut blight, figure of, 494 Gemmiparity, 336 Genera of smuts, 182 Genetics emphasized, 271 ; nature of, 271 Gentian violet, Ehrlich's anilin-water, 589 Geoglossaceae, description of, 169 Geoglossum glutinosum, 170; hirsutum, 169; figure of, 170; range of, 85 Geographic distribution of fungi, 82 Gerardia as a root parasite, 299 Germination of smut chlamydospores, 507; of smut spores, 181; of spores, 61; of spores and bacteria, 25; of spores of slime moulds, 16 Germination studies, 615 Gerry, Eloise, work on tyloses, 370 Giant cells, 371 Gilg cited, 2 Gilson, research of, 52 Ginger beer, 140 Girdling of trees, 295 Glanders, 35 Gloeosporium venetum, 544 Glomerella cingulata, 477, 478; gossypii, 508; rufomaculans, 264, 477, 478 Glucose, 53, 59 Glucoside-splitting enzyme, 59 Glycine hispida, figure of nodules on roots, 29 Glycocol, S3, Glycogen in fungi, 53 Gnomonia veneta, 163, 264, 549; on plane, 85 Graft hj^brids, 329 Grape, 512 Graphis scripta on bark, 83 Gram's stain, 590 Gray mould, figure of, 42 Green mould described, 45 Griffiths, David, work cited, 163 Grove, W. B., book of, 189 Guenther mentioned, 54 Guignardia Bidwellii, 512; of grape, 163; vaccinii, 509; figure of, 510 Guillermond, M. A., work cited, 142 Gummosis, 343, 350 Guttulina rosea, 8 Guying, 323 • Gymnaxony, 336 Gymnoascaceae, characters of, 143 Gymnoconia interstitialis, figure of, 202 Gymnosporangium biseptatum, figure of swelling caused by, 347; clavariae- forrrte, mycocecidia of, 393; Ellisii 73, 210; figure of, 205; globosum, 21c; Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae, 74, 2 1 1-2 14; mycocecidia, 393; species of, 208-210 Gynophylly, 336 Gypsum blocks and yeast spores, 622 Gyromitra, 171 Hackberry, witches' broom, 73, 351 Haas, Paul, book of, 57 Haeckel, Ernst, cited, 7 Haematimeter, Thoma's, 617; details of, 619 Hail and plants, 286 Hailstones, bruises by, 294 Hanbury, 487 Hanging-drop preparations, 587 Hansen, E. Chr., work of mentioned, 32, 141 Haploid chromosomes in slime moulds, 16 Happy white elm, figure of, 286 Hard pan, influence of, 281 Harper, R. A., cited, 13, 15, 112, 165 Harshberger, John W., observations on acid spotting of morning-glories, 293; work of, 308; on pine-barrens, 281; on white cedar fungi, 394 764 Haustoria, 48; of Erysiphaceaj, 155 Hay bacillus, 36 Heald, F. D., work of, 342 Heart-rot of ash, 481, 483; of hemlock, 517 Heat as factor in plant disease, 282 Helotiacese, characters of, 168 Helvellaceas, characters of, 170 Helvella crispa, 171; esculenta, fat con- tent, 56 Helvelliineae, a suborder, 169 Hemibasidii, 178 Hemileia vastatrix, 503 Hemlock, 517 Hemisyncotylous races, 329 Hemitery, 336 Hemitrichia vesparum, plasmodium of, 12 Hepatica triloba attacked by Tranzs- chelia punctate, 348; figure of, 349 Hepburn's definition of enzyme, 56 Herbivores and spore distribution, 66 Heterodera radicicola, 391, 651 Heterogamy, 336 Heteromorphy, 336 Heteroplasia, 374, 375 Heteroplasm, correlation, 376 Heterotaxy, 336 Heterothallic moulds, 93 Hill, T. G., book of, 57 Histology emphasized, 271 Histology of callus, 379; of cataplasms, 391; of fungi, 52; of galls, 396, 397 Histozyme, 58 Hollyhock, 517; rust, 203, 206, 517; figure of, 518 Homooplasia, 374, 375 Homothallic moulds, 93 Homotypy, 336 Horses, injury by, 310 Host list of oomycetous fungi, 115 Humphrey, C. Inorganic elements in fungi, 55 Insecticides, 678, 679 Insects as cause of disease, 275; as gall producers, 396; biting, 296; sucking, 296; wood-boring, 310 Intercellular hyphae, 48 Internal causes of disease, 326 Intucellular hyphae, 48 Intumescences, 366 Inulin, 58 Inulase, 58 Invertase, 58 Involution forms of Bacillus radicicola, 30; of bacteria, 364; of Pseudomonas tumefaciens, 365 Iron indispensable to fungi, 54; in- fluence of, 277 Irpex, species of, 223, 224 Isolation of fungi in pure culture, 624 Ithyphallus impudicus, 252; and flies, 67 fleshy fungi, list of, 729-732; to genera of family Exoascaceae, 133; to genera of Peronosporaceae, 114; to Myxogas- trales, 693-695; to Nidulariaceae, 244, 245; to species of Penicillium on agar and gelatin, 712-719; to suborders of Basidiomycetales, 177 Kiln-drying, 693 Kinase, 57 Kinds of lichen thalli, 79 Koernicke, Max, experiments with Roentgen rays, 62 Kohlhernie, 487 Koji fungus, 58 Kolkwitz, experiments of, 62 Knauers, 348 Knife punch, figure of, 597 Knot of citrus trees, experiments with, 647 Kuehneola gossypii, 508 Kiihne, mentioned with enzymes, 56 Kurssanow, work on rusts, 191 J Jahn, E., cited, 13 Jeffer's counting plate, 628; figure of, 629 Jew's ear fungus, 216 Jones, L. R., work on cabbage immunity, 274 Juniperus virginiana, cedar apples 'on, 394 K Kapoustnaja kila, 487 Karyokinesis, in fungi, 53 Kephir, 58, 140 Kerner, Anton, work of, 385 Key to determine species of Mucor, 695-702 Keys to Erysiphaceas, mentioned, 157 Key to families of Oomycetales, 109; to families of Perisporiineae, 154; to families of Zygomycetales, 97; to Laboratory exercises, 581; with slime moulds, 18 Laboulbeniaceae, 172; hosts of, 86; work of Faull on, 173 Laboulbeniineae, 171 Labyrinthula Cienkowskii, 11 Lachnea description of several species, 169; scutellata, figure of, 166 Lactarius, 731; chelidonium, description of, 740; deceptivus, description of, 740; deliciosus, description of, 740; description of genus, 740; fumosus, description of, 741; piperatus, de- scription of, 741; indigo, description of, 741; volemus, description of, 742 Lactic acid fermentation, 32, 59 Lactase, 58 Lactose, 58, 59 Lamium orvala, figure of, callus, 378 Lamprocystis, 39 Lantz, Cyrus W., bibliography by, 564 766 INDEX Larch, 519; canker, 168, 519; dry-rot, 519 Late-blight of potato, 542 Lathraea squamaria as a root parasite, 299 Lathrop, Elbert C, worii of, 33 Laticiferous hyphae, 48 Laudatea, a lichen, 81 Leaf-blotch of maple, 523 Leaf-casting, 575 Leaf-curl of cherry, 491; of peach, 534 Leaf-mildew of chestnut, 502 Leaf-spot of alfalfa, 476, 477; of apple, figure of, 344; of beet, 484, 485; of coffee, 503; of violet, figure of, 559 Leaves, skeleton, 294 Leguminous tubercles, 387 Leocarpus fragilis, figure of, 17 Leotia chlorocephala, 170; lubrica, 170 Lepidophyton, 147 Lepidosaphes ulmi, figure of, 276 Leptothrix, 37; ochracea, 29 Lepyrophylly, 337 Lemon, 520 Lenticels, hypertrophied, 366 Lenzites betulina, 64; occurrence of, 230; sepiaria and rotting of slash, 75 Lettuce, 522; drop, 522; experiments with, 644 Leucin, 33 Leuconostoc mesenterioides, 34 Levulose, 58, 59 Liberation of spores, 62; in Coprinus comatus, 65 Lichen thalli, 79; algae, 78; as fungi, 79; parasitism of fungi, 79; nature of, 78; structure of thallus, 81 Life cycle of Oomycetales, diagram of, 108; of Pyronema contrasted with fern, 126 Life histories, description of, 641 Light and pathologic conditions, ex- periments, 652 Light and red pigment, 360; influence of, 61, 281; action of, 288, 289 Lightning, injury by, 311 Lilac, 522; mildew, 522 Lime-sulphur, 675-677 Linaria vulgaris, peloria of, 329 Lindau, G., mentioned, 171 Lipase, 58, 59 Liquid nutrient solutions, 592-595 List of common plant diseases, 414-473; of keys to fleshy fungi, 729-732 Lister, A., work of mentioned, 18 Literature of plant diseases, exercises in compiling, 642; on tree surgery, 324 Litmus milk, 600; whey, 600 Living organisms as cause of disease, 275 Locomotion of bacteria, 23 Lohden wedge, 379 Long, W. Metaplasia, 354, 362 et seq.; and cell contents, 362; and cell membranes, 363 Metastasis, 337 Metatrophic bacteria, 31; organisms,- 28 Meteorologic factors of disease, 281 Methods of teaching, 407-410 Methylene blue, alkaline, 589 Meyer, mentioned, 54 Micrococcus, 34; aurantiacus, 34; cinna- bareus, 34; gonorrhoeae, 34; luteus, 34; progrediens, diameter of, 21, 22; pyogenes aureus, 34; ureae, diameter of, 22; with urease, 59 Micrometer, eyepiece, 582; filar, 583; figure of, 583; stage, 582; step, 585; figure of, 586; tables of values, 584, 585 Micrometry, 582 Microsphaera alni, 522; figure of, 157; key to species of, 724, 725 Microspira, 37 Microtome, figure of sliding, 654; with freezing attachment, figure of, 658 Microthyriaceae, characters of family, 158 Mildew of grape, figure of, 515 Milk, 600; litmus, 600 Mischomany, 337 Miso sauce, 146 Mistletoe diagram of habit, 304; figure of, 302, 303; references to literature, 304; study of, 651 Mites, 296 Mixing of cement, 321 Miyoshi, M., experiments with chemo- taxis, 60 Mnium hornum and underground truffles, 71 Molisch, Hans, experiments of, 62; mentioned, 54 Mollisiaceae, characters of, 169 Monoblepharidaceae, characters of, 109 Monoblepharis sphaerica, structure of, 109 Monospora, 141 Monosy, 337 Monotrichous, 23 Monstrosities, 329 Moore, Geo. T., work of, 31 768 Morchella, 170, 171; esculenta, analysis of, 55 Morel, 170, 171 Morphology emphasized, 271; of bac- teria, descriptive terms, 633; of chestnut blight fungus, 497 Mortierellaceae, characters of family, 103 Mortification of tissues, 346 Mosaic diseases, 327 Mosaic of bean, 577; of tobacco, 578 Mottle-leaf, 573 Mould fungi, 92; sexual reproduction, 93 Mounting bacteria, 588 Movement of Plasmodium, 12 Mucoraceae, character of, 97 Mucor, figure of, 42; key to species, 695-702; mucedo, chitin in, 52; de- scribed, 45; figure of, 44; occurrence of, 83; sporangia of, 96; structure of, 98; racemosus, chitin in, 52; Rouxii as Chinese yeast, 99; various species of, 98 Multinucleate cells, 372; giant cells, 371; spores of Rhizopus nigricans, 96 Multiplication, 337 Mummification, 342, 347 Miinch, E., experiments on water and air content of tissues, 280 Murrill's arrangement of fleshy fungi, 228 Muscaria, 56, 238 Mushrooms, 231; chemistry of, 237; cultivation of, 236, 237, 693; develop- ment, 235, 236; figures of, 234, 746; toxicology, 237, 238, 239 Mutations, 328 Mutinus caninus, development of, 248, 249; and flies, 67 MyceHum, 42; of Endothia parasitica, figure of, 496 Mycetozoa, 7 Mycocecidia, 393 Mycodendron paradoxum, 226 Mycoderma aceti, 59; nature of, 142 Mycomycetes, 46, 120 Mycoplasm, 49; Eriksson's, 190 Mycorhiza, 49 Mylitta australis, sclerotium of, 71 Myriangiaceas, 153 Myrica carolinensis, tubercles on roots, 39 Myxamoebae, 15 Myxobacter, 40 Myxobacteriaceae, 21, 39 Myxococcus, 40 Myxogastrales characters of, 11; key to, 693-695 Myxogastres, 7 Myxomycetes i, 7 N Nanism, 346 Nature of tree surgery, 320 Necrosis, 342, 346; frost, of potato tubers, 569 Nectria cinnabarina, description of, 160 Nectria, figures of various species, 159 Neisser's counting apparatus, 629 Nematode infection, 651; worms as gall formers, 391 Neocosmospora vasinfecta, 646 Neoepigenesis, 404 Neoevolution, 404 Nidularia, 244 Nidulariaceae, character of family, 244; key to, 244, 245 Nitric organism, isolation of, 611 Nitrifying bacteria, 29 Nitrobacter, 29 Nitrogen cycle, ^y, deficiency, influence of, 278; fixation, 612; influence of, 278; source of in fungi, 55 Nitrococcus, 29 Nitrosomonas, 29; javanensis, 29 Nodule-forming bacteria, 29 Nodules of roots, 387 Non-parasitic diseases, 564; bibliography of, 580 Normal solutions, 613 Nothofagus with Cyttaria, 74 769 Nuclear apparatus of yeasts, 135; divi- sion in yeasts, 136; phenomena in fleshy fungi, 218; in rusts, 192, 193; phenomena of fleshy fungi, students of problems, 218, 219 Nuclease, 58, 59 Nuclei in fungous cells, 53 Nucleus in bacteria, 23 Number of spores produced, 63 Nummularia BuUardi on beech branches, 164 Nutrient solutions, 592-595 Nutrition of bacteria, classification ac- cording to, 28 Nutritive disturbance as cause of disease, 328; tissues in galls, 398 Nyctalis asterophora, parasitic, on Russula nigricans, figure of, 43 Oak, 526; decay, 526; root-rot, 530 Oat, 531; rust, 531; crown rust of, 202 Obligate parasite, 42; saprophyte, 42 Qidema, 352; of manihot, 567; figure of, 568 Oenothera Lamarckiana, 328 Oidiospores, 50 Oidium lactis in Matzoon, 141 Oils in fungi, 53, 56 Olive, Edgar W., work on rusts, 191; cited, 13 Onion, 531; smut, 531 Oochytrieae, 117 Oolysis, 337 Oomycetales, 43, 50; bibliography of, 118, 119; characters of, 107; key to families, 109; motile cells in, 52; occurrence of, 108; sexual reproduc- tion in, 107 Oomycetous fungi, host list, 115 Oospora scabies, occurrence of, 83 Oospores, 50 Orange, 533; black-rot, 533^ fruit-rot, 533; juice, 598 Orobanchaceae, parasites of, 299 Orobanche, as a parasite, 299; minor, figure of, 300 Organized ferments, 56 Orton, W. Patterson, Flora W., bulletin of, 244 Pea, 534; pod-spot, 534 Peach leaf cure, 534; yellows, 315, 573 Pear, 536; blight, experiments with, 644, figure of experiment, 645 Peloria, 329, 337 Peltigera canina on ground, 83 Penicillium atramentosum, figure of, 713; bif orme, figure of , 7 1 6 ; brevicaule, description of, 709; figure of, 709; Camemberti, description of, 706, 707; figure of, 706; chrysogenum, 711; 770 claviforme, figure of, 710; commune, figure of, 717; decumbens, figure of, 715; digitatum, figure of, 720; Du- clauxii, figure of, 711; expansum, figure of, 704; funiculosum, figure of, 714; general characters of, 703; glaucum, 61; chitin in, 52; described, 45; figure of, 46; with lipase, 59; italicum, 533; figure of, 708; key for species on various substrata, 719, 720; key to species grown on agar and gelatin, 712, 719; lilacinum, figure of, 713; purpurogenum, figure of, 719; Roqueforti, description of, 704; figure of, 705 ; roseum, figure of, 712; rubrum, figure of, 718; rugulosum, figure of, 721; spinulosum, figure of, 718; stoloniferum, description of, 708; figure of, 707 Penzig, O., work of, 331 Pepsin, 59 Periclinal chimjeras, 330 Peridermium, 188; species of, 201; strobi, 537 Periphyllogeny, 337 Perisporiaceas, characters of family, 158 Perisporiineae, characters of, 154; key to families, 154 Perithecium, structure of, 121 Peritrichous, 23 Permutation, 337 Peronosporacea?, cellulose in, 52; charac- ters of family, in; generic key, 114 Peroxidase, 59 Pestalozzia Guepini var. Phylloxera mentioned, 295; vastatrix, 391 Phylogeny of Ascomycetales, 173, 174; of fungi, 89, 90, 01; of Uredinales, 197 Physarum sinuosum, figure of, 17; ellipsoideum, plasmodium of, 12; psittacinum, 13 Physcia parietina on rocks, 53 Physical character of soil as determining cause of disease, 279 Physical features of bacteria, 636 Physics emphasized, 271 Physiologic diseases, 564 Physiology emphasized, 271 Physiology of fungi, 54, 61 771 Phytase, 58 Phytocecidia, 385 Phytomyxa, 9; leguminosarum, 11 Phytomyxales, 8 Phytopathological Society, American, 411 Phytopathology, 411; definition of, 272 Phytophthora infestans, 315, 542; es cape of zoospores, 67; infection by, 273 Pichia, 141 Pilacraceae, characters of family, 217 Pilobolus, figures of species, 102; crys- tallinus and horses, 68; occurrence of, 83 Pineapple chlorosis, 650 Pink disease of cacao, 490 Piptocephalidacea;, characters of, 103 Piptocephalis parasitic on Mucor, 83 Pistillody, 338 Pith flecks, 294 Placing of cement, 321 Plague, 35 Planococcus, 35; citreus, 35 Planosarcina, 35 Plant juices, 598 Plant pathology, growth of, 410; special, 411 et seq. Plants as disease producers, 298 Plasmodiocarps, 13 Plasmodiophora, 9; alni, 9; brassicas, 9, 387, 487, 488; on cabbage roots, figure of, 488; figure of, 10; eleagni, 9 Plasmodium, aggregate, 8; colors of, 12; malarias, 18; movement of, 12 Plasmopara viticola, 513; distribution of, 84; figure of, 113 Plasmolysis, experiments with, 653 Plate counter, 628 Plectenchymatous, 258 Plectasciinea?, characters of, 143 Plectridium, 25 Pleiomorphy, 338 Pleiophylly, 329, 338 Pleiotaxy, 338 Plesiasmy, 338 48 Pleurotus, 'description of genus, 737; olearius, 62; ostreatus, description of, 738; figure of, 738; serotinus, de- scription of, 738, 739; sapidus, de- scription of, 738; ulmarius, descrip- tion of, 739 Plowrightia, description of several spe- cies, 162; raorbosa, 74, 540; distribu- tion of, 84; figure of, 73 Plugging test-tubes, 586 Plum, black-knot of, 540; pockets, 74,541 Pod-spot of pea, 534 Podospheera, key to species, 722 Poisoning by fungi, symptoms, 238, 239 Poisonous substances in fungi, 238 Pollaplasy, 338 Polyangium, 40 Polychrome methylene blue, 591 Polyclady, 338 Polyphagus euglenae, occurrence of, 117 Polyphylly, 338 Polyporaceae, characters of family, 224 Polypores, manual of, 227 Polyporoideas, characters of, 226 Polyporus borealis, 517; mylittae, sclero- tium of, 71; ofiicinalis, analysis of, 55 ; ponderosus, 539; sapurema, sclero- tium of, 71; sulphureus, 526; figure of fruit, 527; figure of decaying oak, 528; on trees, 83; with trehalase, 58; tuberaster, sclerotium of, 71 Polysphondylium violaceum, 8 Polystictus abietinus and rotting of slash, 75; socer, sclerotium of, 72; versicolor, 64, 545 Poppy, fasciated, figure of, 336 Poplar cutting, figure of, 378 Populin, 59 Populus pyramidalis, cuttings of, 379 Potassium hunger, 277 Potato, 542; as medium, 596; broth, 597; curly-dwarf of, 576; glycerinated, 596; juice, 596; late-blight, 542; rot, experiments with, 643; scab, 544 Pouring plates, figure of, 622; method of, 622, 623 772 Powdery dry-rot of potato, 543 Powdery mildew of cherry, 491; of lilac, 522 Predisposing causes of disease, 272 Preservation of wood, 692; of fungi, 726, 727 Prevention of disease, bibliography of, 318 Preventive measures, 319 Prints of spores, 728 Prod'uction of spores, 63 Prolification, 338 Projection apparatus, 657 Prophylaxis, 298, 317 Prosoplasms, 376, 395 Prosoplastic hypertrophy, 364 Protease, 58, 59 Protective tissues in galls, 398 Proteins, splitting of, ^$, 59 Protista, 7 Protoasciineae, 131 Protomyces, occurrence of species, 121 Protomycetacese, 121 Protophyta, 7 Protoplasm of fungi, 53' Prototrophic organisms, 28 Protozoa, 7 Pruning careless, 310; unskillful, figure of, 310 Pseudomonas, 31?, 36; brassicse, 485, 486, 487; campestris, 36, 645; europaeus 37; hyacinthi, 36; indigofera, length and breadth of, 22; putida, 37; pyocyanea, 37; Stewarti, 644; syn- cyanea, 37; tumefaciens, 34, 388, 643; involution forms of, 365; vascularum, .36 Pseudopeziza medicaginis, 169; on alfalfa, 476, 477 Ptomaines, 23 Pucciniaceae, characters of family, 201 Puccinia asparagi, 483, 484; character of, 191; coronifera, 531; forms of, 202; coronata, forms of, 202, 203; glumarum, forms of, 203; graminis, 560; distribution of, 84; figure of, 188; forms; of, 191, 201, 202; malva- cearum, 206, 517; figure of, 518; species of, 203, 204, 205, 206 PufT-balls, 239, 240 Puffing of spores, 66 Pumps for spraying, figures of, 691 Punks, 342 Pustules, 342 Putrefaction, ^3 Pycnidial pustules of chestnut blight, 499 Pycnidiospores, 50 Pycnidium, 50 Pycnium, 188 Pycnoconidia, 50 Pycnospores, 50; 188; germination of chestnut blight, figures of, 501 Pyrenomycetiinese, characters of, 159, 1 60 Pyronemaceae, characters of, 165 Pyronema, life cycle contrasted with fern, 126; confluens and sexuality, 165; reinvestigation of , by P. Claussen, 123; work on by R. A. Speiranthy, 339 Spermogonium, 187 Sphaeria carpophila, 61 Sphaeriaceae, characters of, 163 Sphasrobolaceae, characters of family, 246 Sphasrochorisis, 339 Sphajronema fimbriata, 548 Sphaeropsidales, 260 Sphaeropsis malorum, 262; figures of spots due to, 344; on apple, 478, 479; tumefaciens, 647 Sphaerotheca Castagnei, sexual repro- duction in, 155; key to species of, 722 Sphaerotilus, 38 Spirillaceae, 37 Spirillum, 37; berolinense, 37; comma, 37; danubicum, 37; parvum, thickness of, 21; rufum, 37 Spirochaeta, 37; dentium, 37; Ober- meieri, 37; pallida, 37 Spiroism, 339 Spirosoma, 37 Spontaneous chimaeras, 330 Sporabola, 234 Sporangiospores, 50 Spore discharge in mushrooms, 233, 234; figure of, 64 Spore fall in Amanitopsis vaginata, figure of, 65; rate of, 64 Spore formation in moulds, 96; germina- tion, 61; prints, 728; production, 63 Spores of yeasts, 622; of rusts, nuclear phenomena in, 192 Sporodinia grandis, conjugation of, 94; occurrence of, loi Sporulation in yeasts, 137 Spot disease of violet, 558 Spots, colored, 342 Spray calendar, 680-690 Spray pumps, figures of, 691 Spraying for plant protection, 318 Sprays, 669 et seq. Spruce gum, collection of, 352 Squared cover-glasses, 616; figures of, 617 Squashes, 525 Stab cultures, types of, 627; in figure> 627 Stage micrometer, 582 Stag-head, 395, 565 Staining bacteria, 588 Stains, 589-592 Staminody, 339 Standardization of culture media, 613 Stasimorphy, 339 Statement, general, i Steeps, 677-678 Stemonitis ferruginea, spores of, 16; flaccida, spores of, 16; fusca, figure of, 14 Step micrometer, 585; figure of, 586 Stereonemata, 15 Stereum, 221, 222; fasciatum, and rotting of slash, 75; frustulosum, 553; rameale and rotting of slash, 75; ura- brinum and rotting of slash, 75; versiforme and rotting of slash, 75 Sterigmatocystisniger, character of, 147; figure of, 149 Sterilization, 625 Stesomy, 339 Stevens, Neil E., mentioned, 84 Stigmatomyces Baeri, structure of, 172 Stippen, 570 Strains of moulds, 95 Strangulation, 294 Strasburger, Ed., cited, 15 Streak cultures, t3T)es of in fungi, 634 Streak method of Bergey, 623 Streak of sweet pea, 547 Streptococcus, 34; erysipelatos, 34; mesenterioides, 34; pyogenes, 34 776 Streptothrix, 37; fluitans, 37 Strobilomyces strobilaceus, 230 Strophomany, 339 Structure of lichen thallus, 81 Stub, figure of, 311 Students of nuclear phenomena in fleshy fungi, 218, 219 Students, suggestions to, 407 Sturgis, W. C, literature of plant diseases, 411 Stylospores, 50 Succulence, abnormal, 368 Sucrose, 58 Sucking insects, 565 Suffocation, 565 Suffulcra of Erysiphaceae, 155 Sugar beets, curly-top of, 573 Suggestions to teachers and students, 407-410 Sulphur bacteria, 28; influence of, 278 Sunscald, 282 Sunscorch, 282 Suppression, 339 Surgery of trees, 319 et seq.; figures of, 320 Susceptibility to disease, 325; to infec- tion, 273 Sweet pea diseases, experiments with, 647; streak, 547 Sweet potato black-rot, 548 Swingle, Dean B., studies on columella formation, 96 Sycamore, 549; blight, 549 Symbiotic, 49 Symptomatology, 341 Symptoms, description of, 640; of disease, 341; of poisoning, 238, 239 Synandry, 339 Synanthody, 339 Synanthy, 339 Syncarpy, 339 Synchytrieae, 117 Synchytrium, parasitism of various species, 117; vaccinii, 509 Syncotylous races, 329 Synophthy, 339 Synspermy, 339 Syphilis, 37 Systematic account of bacteria, 34 Systematic ■ bacteriology, 630, 631; botany emphasized, 271; position of fungi imperfecti, 260 Taka-diastase, 58, 146 Tannin as a protective substance, 274 Taphrina cserulescens on oaks, 85 Taphrina, description of various species, 134; of figures of, 132 Tas Gu of Java, 146 Taubenhaus, J. J., work of, 274 Taxitery, 339 Teachers, suggestions to, 407 Teaching methods, 407-410 Telegraph wires, injury by, 310 Teliosorus of cedar apple, figures of section, 193, 194, 207 Teliospores, 187; of cedar apple rust, figures of, 208 Telium, 187 Teleutospore, 187 Teratology, 331; book on, 340 Terfas as food of Arabs, 151 Terfeziacese, character of, 151 Terfezia, character and occurrence of various species, 151 Test-tube plugging, 586 Tetramyxa, 9; parasitica, 11 Tetranychus mytilaspidis, 296 Thalloid shoot of Lunularia, figures of, 361 Thallophytes, i Thamnidium chffitocladioides, loi, char- acter of species of, 102; elegans, figure of, loi Thaxter, Roland, work of, 172 Thelephoraceae, characters of family, 221 Thermogens, 25 Thesium alpinum, 298 Thielavia basicola, 550; figures of, 551, 552; pathogenicity, 149, 150 777 Thiobacteriaceae, 38 Thiocapsa, 39 Thiocystis, 39 Thiodictyoiij 39 Thiogens, 25 Thiopedia, 39 Thiophysa volutans, diameter of, 22 Thiopolycoccus, 39 Thiosarcina, 39 Thiospirillum, 39 Thiothece, 39 Thiothrix, 38; nivea, 38 Thoma's haematimeter, 617; details of, 618, 620 Threshing machine active in spread of smuts, 179 Thyridaria tarda, 490 Tillet, Matthieu, mentioned, 182 Tilletiaceae, characters of, 182 Tilletia, descriptions of various species, 184, 185 Tilletia foetans, chlamydospores of, 561; tritici, description of, 184; figure of, 183 Tilmadoche mutabilis, figure of, 17 Timber decay, 553 Timber sap-rot, 558 Tip-burn of potato, 575 Tissue forms of cecidia, 397 Toodstools, 231 et seq.; guide to de- scription of, 728, 729 Tobacco, 550; mosaic disease of, 578; root-rot, 550; section of tumor, 392 Toothwort as a root parasite, 299 Top-dry, 565 Tornadoes, injury by, 311 Torsion, 339 Toxicology of mushrooms, 237, 238, 239 Trama, 232 Trametes pini, 519; radiciperda, injury by, 311; robiniophila, occurrence of, 228; species of, 229; suaveolens, occurrence of, 228 Transfer of fungi, 624 Tranzschelia punctata attack on Hepat- ica triloba, 348 Traumatism, 294 Treatment of cavities, 321 Tree surgery, figures of, 320; literature on, 324; in general, 319 Trehalase, 58 Trehalose, 53, 58 Trembling fungi, 217 TremellacesB, characters of family, 217; mucilage in, 52 Trichia, 15; chrysosperma with yellow elaters, 17; fallax, 15; scabra, Plas- modium of, 12; varia with yellow sporangia, 17 Trichothecium roseum, 61; chitin in, 52 Tricotylous races, 329 Trimethylamin in spores of Tilletia caries, 56 Tripe de roche, 83 Triplasy, 339 Trophic correlation, 404 Trophomorphosis, 404 Tropisms of plasmodia, 12 Trommelschlagel, 25 Truflles and rodents, 68 Truffles, occurrence, 151, 153 Trypsin, 58, 59 Tuberaceae, characters of, 151 Tubercles of velvet bean, figure of, 386 Tuber, characters of various species, 153; figures of, 152; Requenii and black beetles, 71 Tubeuf, Carl von, quoted, 553 Tubifera Casparyi, plasmodium of, 12; ferruginea red plasmodium of, 12 Tuckahoe, 72 Tugging-ant and Rozites gongylophora, 365 Tumescence, 352 Tumor on apple stem, figure of, 390 Tumor, figure of section of tobacco, 392 Tumors in plants, 34, 342 Turnips, brown- rot, figure of, 486 Tyloses, 370; figure of, 369 Tylostomacese, 241 Types of colonies, 626, 627; of stab cultures, 627 778 INDEX Tyrosin, 33 Tyrosinase, 58, 59 Twin cherries, figures of, 334 U Ultramicroscopic organisms, 21 Umbilicaria on Octorara schist, 83 Uncinula, key to species of, 725, 726 Unhappy white elm, figure of, 287 Unorganized ferments, 56 Urease, 59 Urea-splitting enzymes, 59 Uredinales, 187; phylogeny of, 197 Uredineae, 187; characters of, 187 Urediniospores, 188 Uredinium, 188 Uredo gossypii, 508 Uredospores, 49, 188 Urobacillus Duclauxii, length and breadth of, 22 Urocystis cepulas, 531; several species, 185 Uromyces betae on beets, 485; figure cf species, 200; species of, 201; striatus on alfalfa, 477; trifolii, 502 Usnea barbata, mechanic tissues of, 81; the beard lichen, 83 Ustilaginaceas, characters of family, 178 Ustilago avenae, figures of, 532; of several species, 180; levis, figures of,- 532; maydis on maize and teosinte, 86; origin of name, 178; zeae, 504, 505, 5c6; figure of, 505; tritici, figures of, 562 Vaccination, 314 Vaccinium vitis-idasa, gall on, 389 Valsaceae, characters of, 163 Van Wisselingh, C, work of, 52 Variegation, 343 Vaucheria, 44 Vegetable slant, "figure of, 597 Velum partiale, 232 Velum universale, 232 Velvet bean tubercles, figure of, 386 Venturia inequalis, 479, 480, 481; figures of, 480; pomi, 163 Verpa digitaliformis, 171 Verticillium albo-atrum, 646 Vibio cholera, rapidity of cell division, 24 Villia, 141 Violet leaf-spot, figure of, 559 Violet spot diseases, 558 Virescence, 339 Volutin in fungi, 53 Volva, 232 Von Tavel, Dr. Worsdell, W. C, book of, 340 Wound-cork, 376; description of, 383 Wounding of plants, artificial, 648 Wound- wood, 376, 381, 382 Xylaria Cookei, 62; digitata on old wood, 164; hypoxylon, 62; polymorpha on old tree stumps, 164 Xylariaccae, characters of family, 164 Yeasts, 52; 134 et seq.; counting cells of, 617; character of fermentation, i37i 595! filrn formation, 137; on gypsum blocks, 622; spores, 622; sporulation, 137, with zymase, 59 Yellow rust of wheat, 203 Yellows of peach, 573 Yolk of eggs, 603 Youngken, H. \V., 39 Zeiller, work on fossil fungi, 82 Zdocecidia, 385 Zoogloea, 23 Zoology emphasized, 271 Zopf, W., cited, 7, 53, 56; handbook of, 55 Zygo my ce tales, 5c; absence of cellulose, 52; bibliography of, 105; character of order, 92, 93; key to families, 97 Zygosaccharomyces, 141 Zygospores, 50 Zymase, 56, 59 Zymogen, 57 Zj^mogens. 25 ^BOPtRfY UBRARY W. C. State CMtge ( '^. 