None
Page HTDRAUJJCS, Sluice Weirs or Sluices. 535 44 u Impeded or Unim- peded Discharge of. .535-536 44 Submerged or Drowned Ori- fices and Weirs 553 44 Variable Motion of Water in Beds of Rivers or Streams. 543 " Velocity in Profile of a Navigable River, To Com- pute 551 4 4 Velocity of Water or of Fluids, Coefficients oj 'Discharge. 531-532 44 Vena Contracta 529 44 Vertical Height of a Stream Projected from Pipe of a Fire-Engine, To Compute. 549 44 Volume of Water Flowing in a River, To Compute. 543 44 Weirs, Gauging of. 922 44 " or Notches 539 HYDRODYNAMICS AND HYDROSTATICS, Elements of, 610.558-580, 614 44 44 AppoWs Wheel 580 44 " Barker's Mill 577 44 u Boy den Turbine 574 44 44 Breast Wheel, Proportion, Effect, and Power of. 569-570 44 44 Centrifugal Pumps — 579-580 44 " Current Wheel 570 44 " Flutter or Saw-mill Wheel 571 44 4t Fontaine Turbine 574 44 " Horizontal Wheels 572-577 44 44 Hydraulic Ram, Elements of and Operation 561-562 44 44 Hydrostatic Press 561, 901 tt it u Thickness of Metal. .. 561 44 x 4' Motors, Effective Pow- er of Water 563 44 " Impact and Reaction Wheel. 576 44 " Impulse and Resistance of Fluids 577-578 44 4k Inward -Flow Turbines, Description of. 575 44 " Jonval Turbine, Elements and Results 575 44 " Low-Pressure Turbines. 575 44 44 Memoranda on Water- Wheels 571-572 44 44 Overshot Wheel, Elements, Power of, etc. 563-566 44 4< " Power and Effect of, To Compute. 565-566 44 44 Percussion of Fluids 579 44 44 Pipes. Elements and Weight of, etc., To Compute. 560-561 44 " PonceleVs Wheel, Propor- tion and Power of. 567-568 44 '4 " Turbine, Elements of. 574 44 44 Power of a Fall of Water, To Compute 562 44 44 Pressure and Centre of '. 558-560 44 44 " of a Fluid upon Bottom of Vessel, Vertical, In- clined, Curved, or any Surface, and also on a Sluice 559-560 ftp HYDRODYNAMICS AND HYDROSTATICS, u u pressure of a Column of a Fluid per Sq. Inch. 560 44 " Rankine Wheel 580 41 " Ratio of Effect to Power of Several Turbines 577 44 u Reaction Wheel 576 44 u Swain Turbine 575-576 4' 44 Tangential Wheel 576 u u Tremont Turbine 576 44 44 Turbine and Water Wheels, Comparison Between. XX111 Page Injector, Steam 736 " Size of, To Compute 736 " Volume of Water required per IIP per Hour, To Compute 736 " " of Feed Water required per IIP per Hour 736 Ink, Chinese or India 907 " Stains, To Remove 935 Inks, Indelible, etc 875 Insects and Birds 196 Inspirator, Hancock's 901 Integration 24-25 INTEREST, Simple and Compound. 107-109 INVENTIONS, Origin and Period of Great 937 Involute, To Describe 229 INVOLUTION 96 IRON, Elements of, etc 637-640 (See Wr -ought-iron, 130-136, 639-640, 765,768,773,780,785-786.) " and Steel, Corrosion of. 908 " Bolts in Wood, Tenacity of. 198 * ' Bridges, and Iron Pipe Bridge .. 178 " Mold, To Remove 871 OR STEEL, Corrosive Effects of Salt Water on 916 " Pig, Ton of, Requirement of Air. 445 " Preservation of. 955 ' ' Rust, To Remove 935 Iron Steamer, First Built 915 Irregular Body, Volume of, To Compute 870 IRRIGATION, Cost of, per Acre 952 J. Jarrah Wood 913 Jets d'Eau 550 Jewish Measures 53 Jonval Turbine 575 Jordan, Valley of, and Dead Sea. . . . 934 Joules' Equivalent 504 Julian Calendar 70 Jumping, Leaping, etc., by Men 439 K. KEDGES AND ANCHORS, Weight and Number of, Units to Determine. ... 174 Kerosene Lamps, etc 872 Khorassar, or Turkish Mortar 592 KNOT 27 Knots, Hitches, etc 9go LABOR, Man and Horse. 433-434, 436, 468 Lacquers 875 Laitance 592 Lake, Highest Elevation of. 96? Lakes, Areas of, in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and Depths and Heights of Great Northern of U. S. 181-182 Lamps, Candles, Fluids, and Gas. 584 Laud Measure 29 Larrying 598 Laths, Dimensions, etc 60 LATITUDE, Length of, etc 19! " and Longitude of Principal Locations and Observations.j6-&; Page LATITUDE N. reached by Explorers. 939 Launching Vessels, Friction of 478 EAD, Sheet, Cast or Milled 640 " Balls, Weight and Dimensions of. 501 " Encased Tin Pipe, Weight of... 151 " Given Sectional Area, Weight of- 136 " Measure 32 " Pipe, Resistance, Thickness, Weight, and Bursting Press- ure of, To Compute 831 " Pipes and Tin lined, Weight of , per Foot and Thickness. .137, 150 " Plates, Weight of per Sq. Foot. 146 " " Thickness of. 121 " Sheet, Weight of. 151 " Shot, Number of Pellets in an Ounce 501 " AND CAST IRON BALLS, Weight and Volume of 153 " Weight of, To Compute 155 cap or Bissextile Year 70 raping. Jumping, etc 439-440 .eaves, Value of, etc 207, 481 ,ee-way or Drift of a Vessel 910 Legal Tenders 38 lENSESAND MlRRORS, Element* 0/670-67 1 iCvel, Apparent, of Objects at or upon Surface of Land or Sea 56 Bevelling, Geographic 55-57. 1035 " by Boiling - Point of Water, Table of, etc 55~57 ' ' Height of Above or Below Level of Sea, To Compute 55 ..EVER, Elements of, To Compute.. 624-626 lifting by Men 439 LIGHT, Elements of, etc 583-587 " Sun's Rays 195 " Candles, Lamps, Fluids, and Gas 584 " Consumption and Comparative Intensity of, of Candles 583 ' ' Decomposition of. 583 " Electric, Candle Power of. 908 " Gas and Electric 198 " " Consumption, Volume, and Flow of. 585-587 " Intensity of, with Equal Volumes of Gas from Different Burners 585 " Loss of, by Use of Glass Globes. 584 " Penetration of, in Water 915 ' ' Refraction, Mean Indices of. 584 " Relative Intensity, Consumption, Illumination, and Cost of Va- rious Modes of Illumination. 584 " Services for Lamps 587 " Standard of. Page LIMES, CEMENTS, MORTARS, AND CON- CRETES, Elements of 588-597 and Cements 594-595 Asphalt Composition 593 Cements and Mortars, Experi- ments of Gen. Gillmore 596 " Transverse Strength of. . . 596 Conclusions from Experiments. . 590 Concrete or Beton 593 General Deductions and Notes, by Gens.Totten and Gilmore. 596-59 7 Limestones, Indication of, etc. . 588 Mortars 590-592, 595 Mural Efflorescence 593 Pozzuolana 589 Slaking Lime, etc 594 Stucco, Exterior Plaster. . .591-592 Trass or Terras 589 Turkish Plaster or Hydraulic Cement 591 LINES, To Draw, Bisect, etc 221 Linseed Cake, Value of, Compared to 100 Lbs. of Hay 203 LIQUID MEASURE SQ-S1* 46 LIQUIDS, Expansion of. 520 u Volume of, at Boiling- Point. . 518 LIQUORS, Proportion of Alcohol in. . . 204 " Proof of Spirituous 218 Lithro-fracteur 443 Llama, Load of. 438 LOCOMOTIVE, Elements of 902 u Axles, Friction of. 910 ' ' Brakes, Operation of. 923 ' ' Comparative Operations of a Simple and Compound. . . 953 LOCOMOTIVES, Operation of. .681-685, 912 " Adhesion 681-685 " in Foreign Countries 935 " Tractive Power 681 " Freight Train Resistance. .. 682 Log Lines 27 Logarithm of a Number 23-24 LOGARITHMS 3°5-3IO> 1030-1031 " Hyperbolic 33i~334> 712 " of Numbers 311-330 LONGITUDE, To Reduce Time into 54 (See Latitude, 76-80. ) ' ' Lengths of a Degree 60 Lucifer Match, First in Use 915 Luminous Point 195 Lunar Cycle or Golden Number. ... 71 Lunar Month 70 M. MACADAMIZED ROADS 687-690 Machinery, Friction of. 475 MACHINES AND ENGINES, Mills, etc., Elements of. 898-904 Magnesia Covering of Steam -pipes and Boilers 918, 921 " Boilers, Pipes, etc 921 Magnetic Variation 57-59, i°35 " Bearings of N. Y. 184 Magnetism 614 Magnifying Power 669, 968 Malleable Castings 639 Page Malleable Cast Iron 785 Maltha, or Greek Mastic 873 Manganese Bronze 832 Manures, Fertilizing Properties of, and Relative Value of Covered and Uncovered 188 Marble, To Clean, etc 873, 878 Marine Day 37 MARINE STEAMERS AND ENGINES. . 886-893 " Composite Yachts 891 " Electric Launch 900 " Ferry, Passenger, Team, and Tow-Boats 890 " Fire-Boat 891 " Glue 874 " Launches, Wood and Steel 895 ' ' Naval Cruisers, Iron-dads, and Protected 886-887 " Oil- Engine Launch 893 " Passenger and Freight 888-890 " Petroleum, Refrigerator, Fruit, and Fishing 888 " River and Inland 888-889 " Side Wheels, Wood 892 ' ' Stern Wheels, Iron and ^00^.892-893 « Torpedoes and Dynamite. . . 886-887 " SAILING VESSELS, 'Yachts, Wood. 895 " " Cutter, Wood 895 " " Pilot-Boat 895 " " Steel, Iron, and Wood. 894 MASONRY 197, 597-605, 913 " Arch, Depth of. To Compute. . . 605 " Arches and Abutments, Depth, Radius, and Thickness of, To Compute 602, 604-605 " " Walls, and Abutments. 602, 604-605 " Brick, Stone, and Granite. . 595-600 " Brickwork 597-600 u Designation of. 602-603 " Estimate of Materials and La- bor for ioo Sq. Yds. Lath and Plaster 604 " Grouting 594 " Plastering 604 " Pointing 598 " Rubble 600-601 " Stone 600-603 " Technical Terms. .597-599, 602-603 " Volume of Bricks and Number of in a Cube Foot of. 599 " Walls, Thickness of Brick for Warehouses 600 " Working Load 781 Mason and Dixon's Line 188 Mastic 593 MATERIALS, Strength of. 761-841 " Non- Conducting 911, 914 ' ' Relative Non- Conductibility 0/911 MATTER and Minuteness of. 194 Mean Proportion 94 MEASURES, Length, etc 26-54 " and WEIGHTS 27~35 " and Mint Values 38-43 " and Weights, Foreign ofValue.^g-^ " " " Memoranda 43 INDEX. XXV Page MKASURBS, a Barrel. 30 " Ale and Beer. 45 " Apothecaries' 32, 46-47 " Avoirdupois 32, 47 " Board and Timber 61 " British and Metric, and Com- mercial Equivalents of. 906 " Builder's 46 " by Act of Congress and Metric Computation 36 11 Cables and Ropes 26 " Circular. 113-114, 34- " Cloth I..? 27 " Coal 33, 46 " Copying. 29 " Corn 198 " Cube 30,934 " Day, Civil, Solar, and Sidereal. 37 " Diamond 32 " Dry 3o " English and French 44-45 " Electrical, British Ass'n 34 " Equivalents of Old and New U. S. and of Metric Denom- inations, To Compute 36 " Fluid 30 " Foreign 48-53 " French Old System 47 u Geographic, and Distances. 54 ' ' and Nautical. ... 26 Grain 32, 45 Grecian 53 Gunter's Chain 26 Hebrew and Egyptian 53 Land 29 Lead 32 Lineal and U. S. Standard. 26, 934 Liquid 30, 46, 934 Log Lines 27 Metric 27-33, 36, 44, 47 ' ' Equivalent Value, U. S. , and Old and New U.S. 28, 33 ' Power and Work 36 ' Temperatures 37 ' Velocities 37 ' Volumes 36, 46 ' Weights and Pressures 36 Mint, and Weight of Value. .40-43 Miscellaneous 27, 29, 31, 44, 46 Nautical 26, 30, 44 of Earth, Clay, Sand, etc 33 of Length 26,44 of Surface 29, 44, 934 of Timber, Local Standards, and To Compute 61-62 of Value 38-39 of Vessels 45 of Volume 30-31, 45, 934 of Weight 32, 47, 934 Old and New U. S. ; Approx- imate Equivalents. 33 u " Equivalents of. 36 Paper 29 Pendulum 27 Roman. 53 Ropes and Cables 26 Scriptw e and Ancient 53 Page MEASURES, Shoemaker's 27 " Timber, English 62 "Time 37 " Troy 32,47 " Vernier Scale 27 " Wine and Spirit 45 " Wood 33,47 Meat, Analysis of, and of Fish and Vegetables 200-202 Meat, To Preserve ... 196 Meats, Loss of, by Boiling, Roasting, or Baking 206 MECHANICAL CENTRES 605-614 " and Physical Elements, Con- structions and Results. .907-918 " Centres of Gravity 605-608 ' ' Centre of Gravity of any Plane Figure, To Ascertain. Page MENSURATION OP AREAB, etc., Any Figure of Revolution 358, 376 " Arc and Chord, etc. , of a Circle, 343-345 " Area Bounded by a Curve 342 " " of any Plane Figure. 359 " Capillary Tube 358 " Cask Gauging and Ullaging, S77-378 " Chord of an Angle, To Compute 359 " Circle 342 " " Sector and Segment of. 346-347 " Circular Zone 349 " Cones 353-354, 363, 365 " Cubes and Parallelopipedon. 360 " Cycloid 352 " Cylinder 350, 363 " " Sections 357 " Ellipsoid, Paraboloid, or Hy- perboloid of Revolution, 357> 375-376 " Gnomon 335 " Helix (Screw) 354-355 " Irregular Bodies 377 u " Figures 341, 358 " Link 353,370 " Lune 352 " Parallelograms 335 " Plot Angles without a Pro- tractor 359 " Polyaons 338-341 " Polyhedrons 362 " Prismoids 351, 361 " Prisms 350, 360 14 Pyramids 354, 365-366 " Reduction of Ascending or De- scending Line to Horizontal Measurement 359 " Regular Bodies. .340-341, 362-364 " Rings, Circular and Cylin- drical 353, 368 " Side of Greatest Square in a Circle 343 " Sphere 347-348, 367-368 " " Segment of. 347 " Spherical Sector 370 " " Triangle 387 " " Zone 368 " Spheroids or Ellipsoids, 348-349, 368-369 " Spindles 355, 370-374 u Spirals 355 " To Plot Angles without a Pro- traction 359 " Trapezium 337-338 " Trapezoid 338 " Triangles 335~337 (see Trigonometry, 385-389. ) " Ungulas 351-352, 366-367 " Useful Factors 343 " Volume of an Irregular Body. 870 u Wedge 350, 361-362 " Zone, Spherical and Circular, 348-349 Mercurial Gauge. 910 Meta-Centre of Hull of a Vessel. .659, 919 Metal Products of U.S. 910 Pugg METALS, Alloys and Compositions. 634-637 " Adulteration in, To Discover. 216 " and Elements of. 637-644 " Comparative Quality of Various 821 " Lustre, Degrees of. 194 " Values of some Precious 938 " Various Weight of. 155 " Weight of, To Compute 131 u u by Pattern, To Compute 217 " of a Given Sectional Area, Weight of. 149 METER,cmcZ Value of. 27, 934 Meters, Water 942 METRIC Measures 27-33, IOI3 " Factors 923 MILK, Nutritive Values and Constit- uents of. 202 Percentage of Cream 205 and Relative Richness of, of Sev- eral Animals 207 To Detect Starch in 196 Mineral Constituents Absorbed from an Acre of Soil 189 " Waters, Analysis of, etc. XXV11 Page Motors. Experiments on, for Street Railways 915 Mountains, Volcanoes, and Passes, Heights of. 182-183 Mowing 433 u Machine 910 Mule, Load and Work of. 437, 918 Mural Efflorescence 593 N. NAILS, Length and Number of. 153-154 " and Spikes, Retentiveness of 159 " Composition Sheathing 135 " Tacks, Spikes, etc 154 National Road, 178 Natural Formations and Construc- tions, Largest 936 " Powers 198 NAUTICAL MEASURE 30 NAVAL ARCHITECTURE 649-667 u Angles of Course and Sails. 665 " Bottom, Side, and Immersed Surface of Hull 653 *' Centre of Gravity of Bottom Plating of a Vessel 658 *' " " Common of Hull, Ar- mament, Engines, etc., To Compute. 656 u u tl Depth of or Buoyancy below Meta- Centre, and Approximately. 656-657 " " of Effort, and Lateral Re- sistance, Relative Posi- tions of. 659 " Centres of Lateral Resistance and Effort, To Compute. 6 58-6 59 "Dead Flat 22 " Displacement, and its Centre of Gravity, To Compute, 653-655 " Approximately, and Coeffi- cients of, To Compute. 655 " " Coefficients of. 655, 657 " " Curve of, To Delineate, and Coefficients of. 657 " Elements of a Vessel, To Com- pute 653-660 " " of Capacity and Speed of Several Types of Steam- ers of R.N. 660 " " of a Steam Frigate, Weight, Moments of, etc 656 " Experiments upon Forms of Vessels, Results of. 649 " Freeboard 666, 913 " Heel and Steady Heel, An- gles of, To Compute. .664-665 " Lee- way, Angle, Ardency and Slackness 666 " Length of Vessel 909 " Masts and Spars 667 " " Location of. 664 " Memoranda of Weights and Elements 667 " Meta- Centre of Hull of a Ves- sel, To Compute 659, 919 Page NAVAL ARCHITECTURE, Metalling, Loss of Weight per Sq. Foot of on a Vessel's Bottom 667 " Moment of Inertia Approx- imately, To Ascertain. .659-660 " Pitch of Screw Propeller and Slip of Side Wheels 662 " Plating Iron Hulls 667 '- Proportion of Power Utilized in a Steam Vessel and Fric- tion of Engines 663 " Resistance of Bottoms of Hulls. 662 " " of Air to a Vessel 666 " " to Wet Surface of Hull. 653 " Rudder Head 667 " Sailing Power and Careening Power of a Vessel 665 " " Ratio of Effective Area of Sails, etc., and of Vessel1 s Speed to Wind. 663 " Sails, Propulsion and Area of 663 " " Area and Trimming of. Page Non-conductors of Temperature, and Comparative Efficiency of. 933 NOTATION 25 Number of Direction 71 Numbers, Properties and Powers of. 98 " ^th and $th Powers of. 303, 304 u ^th, $th, and 6th Power, and ^th and ^th Root of, To Compute. 304 Nutritive Equivalents, Computedfrom amount of Nitrogen in Human Milk at i 205 0. Oats and Oat Straw, Value of com- pared to ioo Lbs. of Hay , 203 Obelisks, Egypt and New York 179 Objective Glasses, Diameter of the Principal 942 Observatories, Latitude and Longi- tude 80 Ocean, Depth of. 912 Oceans and Seas, Depths and Areas. 182 " Atlantic and Pacific 937 Offal, Weight of, in a Beef and Sheep. 35 Oil, Yield of, from Seeds 189, 939 " Cake and Vegetables, Nutritious Properties of Compared 204 " -Engine Launch 893 " Proportions of, in Air-dry Seeds. 203 " To Remove from Leather 878 " Watchmakers' 878 Oils, Petroleum, Schist, and Pine- wood 484 Old and New Style 37, 70 Omnibus, Weight, etc 844 Onion, Proportion of Gluten, and Ra- tio of Flesh-formers 207 Opera-Glasses, Telescopes, etc 671 " -Houses 180, 936, 954 Operations, Miscellaneous 879-885 OPTICS, Elements, etc 668-671 u Critical and Visual Angles, Mi- rage and Caustic Curves or Lines 669 1 ' Elemen ts of Mirrors and Lenses, To Compute 670 " Focus and Focal Distance, etc.. 668 " Refraction, Index of and Indices of, To Compute 668-669 44 Dimensions or Volume of an Image, To Compute 668 Ordnance, Energy of.. 910 Ore and Stone Breaker .903, 951 ORGANIC SUBSTANCES, Analysis of, by Weight 190 ORTHOGRAPHY OF TECHNICAL WORDS AND TERMS 1042-1052 OSCILLATION AND PERCUSSION, Centres of. 612-614 " " Centre of, in Bodies of Va- rious Figures 613 " " Centres of, To Compute. 612-61 4 44 " " of , Experimentally, To Ascertain 613 OVBRSHOT WHEEL 563 Oxford College 179 Oxidation of Cast-iron Pipe, To Resist 927 P. Pacific and Atlantic Oceans 937 Paint, Flexible for Canvas 915 " for Window-Glass 879 " Hydraulic 872 44 To Clean and Remove 878 Painting, and Proportion of Colors for 66 " Iron Rods 956 Paper, Blasting 912 44 Drawing, Tracing, Profile, Photo-printing, Cloths, etc 29, 964 PARABOLA, To Describe 229 Park, Deer 179 Parsnips, Ratio of Flesh-formers 207 Paste, Durable 878 il Preservation of. 878 Passages of Steamboats 896 ' l Ice-boats 896 44 Steamer and Sailing Vessels . 897 Passes, Mountains, and Volcanoes. . . 182 Pastils for Fumigating 879 PAVEMENT, Asphalt 690, 944-945 " Block Stone 689-690, 944-945 " Comparative Merits of. 945 u Granite 690 44 Macadam and Brick 944 " Miscellaneous Notes 690 44 Neufchatel 945 " Rubble Stone 689 " Telford 688 44 Voids in a Cube Yara of Stone 690 " Wood 689, 690, 944 PAVEMENTS, Roads, and Streets. . . 686-690 Payments, Equation of. 109 PEAT 482 Pendulum Measure 27 PENDULUMS, Elements of, etc 452-454 44 Centre of Gravity of. 453-454 " Conical, Number of Revolu- tions of, To Compute 454 44 Lengths and Number of Vibra- tions of, To Compute 453, 454 " Vibrations, Number and Time of, To Compute 454 Pennants, Ensigns, and Flags, U. S.. 199 PERCUSSION AND OSCILLATION, Centres of (see Oscillation and Per- cussion) 612-614 1 ' Caps, Number of, Correspond- ing to Birmingham Gauge. 502 PERFORMANCES of Men, Horses, 010.438-440 Perimeter of a Figure 912 PERMUTATIONS ioo PERPETUITIES 112 Petroleum, Elastic Force of Vapor. . 707 " Evaporative Effects of. 910 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL ELEMENTS, Construction and Results 907 PILE DRIVING 433, 671-673, 902, 972 44 Coefficient of Resistance of Earth 972 44 Pneumatic 673, 972 " Resistance of Formations 673 INDEX. XXIX Page PILE DRIVING, Ringing Engine 972 " Safe Load, To Compute 672 " Sheet Piling 672 " Sinking. 673 " Weight of Ram 972 PILES, Foundation 198, 781, 909 " Extreme Load a Pile will Bear 912 " Retaining Walls of Iron 196 PILING OF SHOT AND SHKLLS 65 Pillar at Delphi 179 Pillars or Columns 936 Pins, First in Use 915 PIPES, Dimensions, etc 747 and Tubes, Weight of. 147-148 Copper, Dimensions of. 150 Gas,Thickness of 123 " Threads 160 Lead, and Tin-lined, Weight of. 137 " Encased 151 " « Weight of. 150 " Metal, and Weight of. 147 u of Cast-iron to Resist Oxidation. 927 u or Cylinders of Cast-iron 132-133 " Riveted Iron and Copper, Weight of One Foot in Length 148 " Steam, Gas, and Water 138 " Tin, Weight of. 151 " Thickness of, To Compute 560 u Water, Standard of Cast-iron. 147 Pise 593 Pivots, Friction of. 472 Planing, Cast-iron and Molding. .476-477 PLANK ROADS 688 Plants or Hills, in an Acre 193 u Weather Foretelling 185 Plaster, Turkish 591 PLASTERING, Measuring of. 197 " Volumes Required, Materials and Labor for 100 Sq. Yards of. 604 PLATE BENDING, Iron 476 PLATES and Bolts, U.S. Test Q/j etc. 749-753 " of Metals, by Gauge 121 " Thickness of, To Compute 751 " Wrought-iron Shell 750 PLATING IRON HULLS 667 Ploughing 433 PNEUMATICS.— AEROMETRY 673-676 (See also Aerometry.) POINTING in Masonry. ., 598 POISONS, Antidotes and Treatment. 185, 935 POLES AND SPARS 62 PONCELET'S WHEEL 567-568 " Turbine 574 POPULATION, and Area of Divisions and Countries 188 " Comparative Density of, and Number of Persons in a House in Different Cities. .910 ' * of Principal Cities 187 POSITION 98-99 Pozzuolana, Elements of. 589 Potato, Anti - Scorbutic Power and Ratio of Flesh-formers 206-207 POWDER, Smokeless 952 " Forcite 966 " Gun, Proportions of to Shot.. 502 POWER AND WORK, Metric 36 Motive 910 " of the World 935 Movers and Transmitters of... 797 of a Quantity, Value of. 359 Ordinary Distribution of, in a Propeller Steamer 911 Required to Draw a Vessel up an Inclined Plane 910 Thermometric and Mechanical Energy of 10 Grains of Va- rious Substances when Oxi- dized in Human Body 205 To Sustain a Vehicle on an In- clined Road, To Compute.. Quartermasters, Service Train of. . . 198 R. Race-Courses, English, Length of.... 930 Rack and Pinion, Power of. 628 Radius Vector 449 RAIL, Weight of, To Compute 679 RAILROAD Crane 962 " Horse, First in Use 915 " Portable, and Hand Cars 908 " Signals and Significations — 954 " Speed 969 " " in England 930, 951 u Ties, Duration of. 968 XXX INDEX. Page RAILROADS, Street, and Cost of Main- tenance of. 915, 918 " Result of Experiments on Mo- tors for 915 <r" Street or Tramway 848,915 " u " Engine 902 flails, Iron and Steel, Strength of, To Compute 812 *' Tangential Angles for Chords and Curves 677-678 " Elevation of Outer Hail, To De- termine 679 RAILWAY TRAINS, Frictional Resist- ance of. 916 4 ' Power and Resistance of. 911 RAILWAYS, Elements of, etc 677-685 ' * Adhesion on a Given Grade and Curve, To Compute 685 " Curve, To Define, etc 677, 685 " Curves by Offsets 678 " Curving, Versed Sines and Or- dinates of, To Compute 678 " Driving-wheels, Coefficients of A dhesion on, per Ton 68 1 " Gradient 685 44 Load a Locomotive will Draw up an Inclination 680 " Locomotives, Adhesion of. 68 1 44 Maximum Load that can be Drawn up the Maximum Grade it can Attain 680 " Memoranda on English 685 44 Operation of Locomotives, Ele- ments of, 681, 685, 1031 u Points and Crossings 678 " Radii of Curves 679 " Radius of Curve and Wheel Base 679 41 Regulations for Crossing Roads, Parliamentary, English. ... 685 ** Relation of Base of Driving or Rigid Wheels to Curve 678 " Resistance of Gravity upon an Inclination, To Compute — 679 *4 Rise per Mile and Resistance to Gravity per Ton 679 44 Sidings 677-678 44 Tangential Angle for Curves. 678 41 Traction, Retraction, and Ad- hesive Power of a Locomotive or Train, To Compute 680 44 Tractive Power 681 44 Train Resistances 682-684 44 Tangential Angles for Chords of One Chain 677 44 Turnout of Unequal Radii. 677 44 Velocity of Trains. 680,930,951, 1031 Rainfall, Annual and Volume of..... 850 ' 4 Diameter and Grade of Drains, To Discharge , 906 Rand Rock Drilling Co 940 Rankine Wheel. 580 Rations of an Esquimau „ 206 REACTION AND IMPACT WHEEL 576 Reaping 433 REBATE OR DISCOUNT 109 Page Reciprocals 304 Rectilineal Figures, To Describe. .222-223 REFRACTION and Indices of 584, 668 44 and Curvature of the Earth. 55 44 of Light 584 REFRIGERATING 943, 965-967 1 4 and Ice-making 967-968 44 and Machine 943, 1028 44 Elements of a Test of. .943, 966 Refrigerator, Surface of. XXXI ROADS, etc., Ditches 686 44 English 689 44 Getters, Fillers, and Wheelers, Proportion of, in Different Soils 688 44 Grade of. 686 " Granite and Hoggin 690 " Gravel or Earth 688 44 Macadamized 687-690 44 Metalling and Metalled 690 44 Miscellaneous Notes 690 « Plank 688 14 Resistance to Traction of a Stage Coach 848 " Rubble Stone 689 44 Ruts and Stone-breaking. 687 " Sweeping, Sprinkling, Watering, Rolling, Washing, and Fas- cines 690 " Telford 688 " Voids in a Cube Yard of Stone. 690 ROADWAY, Central Width of, in Cut. 917 44 Construction of. 687 ROADWAYS, Relative Resistance to Traction 945 ROCK, Weight and Volume of. 467 44 AND EARTH, Excavation and Em- bankment of 192 " and Bulk of, and Earthwork. ... 468 44 Drilling 940 44 Weight of, per Cube Yard 468 Roman Calendar 71 44 Indiction 71 44 Long Measures 53 Roof Plates, Corrugated, Weight of. 131 ROOFS of Buildings 179, 952 44 Stress on, To Compute 952 44 Weights and Pressure on. .952, 1020 14 Wooden 189 ROOT, of an Even Power Greater than Contained in Table 98 44 To Extract any whatever 97 ROOTS and Grains, Weights of. 34 44 SQUARES, AND CUBES 272-302 44 ^th, $th, and 6th, To Compute. 302-304 ROPES, Working Load 782 44 AND CABLES, Measure of. 26 44 and Chains of Equal Strength. 165 44 at an Inclination, Stress of.... 166 44 CABLES, CHAINS, etc 161-175 44 Circumference of Wire, etc., To Compute 169 44 44 of, and of Hawser or Cable for a Given Strain of... 171 44 Endless 167 44 Hawsers and Cables 170-172 44 4t Circumference of, To Compute 171 44 44 Weight of, To Compute 172 44 Hemp and Wire, General Notes. 167 44 "and Wire,WeightandStrengthofij2 44 " Iron, and Steel 164 •4 Iron, Wire, and U. S. Hemp .... 168 44 Mining, Flat 165, 1029 " of Corresponding Strength to kHemp, and of Hemp to Circum- Jvrencc of Wire Rope .: 169 Page ROPES, Stress, Tension, and Deflection of, To Compute 166 44 Tarred Hemp and Wire,Circum- ference of. 169 44 44 44 and Destructive and Breaking Strength of. 171 44 Transmission of Power 167 44 Units for Computing Safe Strain for New, Hawsers, and Cables, U. S. N. 170-171 " WIRE, Elements of, etc 161-172 44 4t and Equivalent Belt 167 44 44 Experiments on, U. S. N. Saccharose, or Cane Sugar 207 SAFETY VALVE, Adjustable Pop 986 44 VALVES 746, 921, 933 Sago, Value of 207 SAILING, Area of Sails and VesseVs Speed 663 44 Vessels, Iron 894-895 SAILS, Propulsion and Area of 663 44 To Preserve 870 44 Trimming of. 665 Saline Saturation 726 ' 4 Proportional Volumes of Matter in Sea-water. 727 SALT WATER, Corrosive Effects of, on Steel or Iron 916 Sand, Composition, etc 599 Sandstones 193 SAW- MILL, Elements of. 904, 913 Sawing and Hewing Timber, Loss in, 62 4 4 Stone and Wood 196, 904 SAWS, Circular 197, 477, 911-912 44 Vertical and Band 477 Scale or Sediment, Removal of Incrus- tation in Boilers 726 SCALES, To Divide a Line, etc 221 u Weighing without 66 Scarfs Resistance of 841 SCREW, Length, Power, Weight, Pitch, etc. , To Compute 630-631 44 Bolts, Power of. 968 44 Cutting 477 u Compound 631 44 Differential 632 44 Propeller, Pitch and Speed of. . 662 44 44 Friction of Engines .... 663 44 " Elements of To Compute 917 Scripture and Ancient Measures. ... 53 SeaDepths - 184 XXX11 INDEX. Page Seas and Oceans, Depths and Area of. .182 SECANTS AND COSECANTS 403-414 u u Degrees, Minutes, etc., of, To Compute 414 SEEDS, Number of, in a Bushel, and per Sq. Foot per Acre 193, 938 " Proportion of Oil in Air-dry. 203, 939 " Yield of Oil in Several 189 SEGMENTS OF A CIRCLE, Area of. ,267, 269 " " Area of, To Compute. 268-269 Sewage, Volume of, etc 692, 1029 SEWERS, Classification of. 691, 692 " Drains, Diameter and Grade of, to Discharge Rainfall 906 " Drainage of Lands by Pipes. 691 4 ' Material per Lineal Foot of Egg- shaped, Dimensions of. 692 " Minimum Velocity and Grade of. 691 " Sewer Pipes 692 " Surface, which will Discharge a Volume of an Inch and also of Two Inches per Hour, etc. 692 Shaft, Bearings for Propeller 473 SHAFTING for Lathes and Mills. .948, 1010 SHAFTS 778, 793, 794~797> 9J4 (See also Torsion, 790-797.) " and Gudgeons 790 " Deflection of Shafts 778-779 " Diameter and Journal of, Stress Uniformly along its Length, To Compute 571 " Journals or Bearings of, etc 796 " Loaded Transversely and Jour- nals of. 914 SHEARING or Detrusive Strength. 782-783 u Experiments in Cast-iron,Steel, Treenails, and Wood 783 " Power to Punch Iron, Brass, or Copper, To Compute ... 782 " Results of Experiments on, with a Punch 782 " " " with Parallel Cutters, Wro't - iron Bolts, Riveted Joints, and Various Materials 783 Sheathing and Braziers'1 Sheets 155 " Copper.... 131 " Nails, Weight of. 135 Sheet- Iron, Blackand Galvanized. 124, 129 " Weight of. 129 SHEET PILING 672 SHELLS and Shot, Piling of. 65 Shingles 63 Shoemaker's Measure 27 SHOT and Shells, Piling of. 65 " Chilled and Drop 906 " No., Diameter, and Numbers of. 906 " Number of Pellets in an Oz 501 Shrinkage of Castings 218 Shrouds, Hemp and Wire 173 SIDE LIGHTS, Visibility of a Vessel's, 918 *' WHEELS, A rea of Blades and Slip 662 " Friction of Engines 662 Sidereal Day and Year. 37 Page Sides of Squares, Equal in Area to a Circle 258-259 Signals, Night, U.S.N. 199 " Railroad, and Significations.. 954 Silt, in Mississippi River 910 Silver Sheet, Thickness of. 1 19 SIMPLE INTEREST 107 Simpson's Rule, Area, To Compute.. XXX111 P*.] Speed of Vessels 971, 1010 SPIKES, SHIP, BOAT, and Railroad. 152, 154 and Horseshoes 152 and Nails, Retentiveness of.... 159 General Remarks 159-160 Ship and Railway 970 WroH-iron Nails and Tacks. .. 154 Spiral, To Describe 230 Spires, Towers, Columns, etc 180, 932 Spirits, Strength of, To Compute 67 Spirituous Liquors, Dilution per Cent. 191 " Dilution, To Reduce 191 " Proof of. 218 44 Proportion of Alcohol. .... 191 Springs, Deflection of 779 Spur Gear 911 SQUARE AND CUBE ROOT, Square or Cube, and when Number is an Odd Number 300-302 ** of Decimals alone,To A scertain,302 " of a Higher Number than con- tained in Table, To Compute 301 44 of a Number consisting of In- tegers and Decimals, To As- certain 301-302 " ROOT, To Extract. 97 " *' or CUBE ROOTS of Roots, Whole Numbers, and of Integers and Decimals, To Ascertain 97-98 " To Ascertain One that has Same Area as a given Circle 259 SQUARES, CUBES, AND SQUARE AND CUBE ROOTS 272-302 " Sides of, Equal in Area to a Circle 258-259 STABILITY, Elements, etc 693-703 44 Angles of Equilibrium of..... 694 44 Dynamical and Statical 651 44 Earthwork, Centre of Pressure of. 696 44 Equilibrium and Stability, To Compute 701 44 Memoranda 695-696 " Moment of, and To Compute. 693, 701 44 of a Body on a Horizontal Plane or on an Inclination, 694-695 44 of a Fixed or Floating Body. 693 44 of Hull of a Vessel or Floating Body, To Determine 650 " of Varying Models 649 " Statical and Dynamical, To Compute 651 " Weight of a Body, To Sustain a Given Thrust 693-694 Staging, Coach 440 Staining, Wood and Ivory 876 Stains, To Remove 878 Starch, Proportion of, in Vegetables. 205 Stars, Velocity of. 198 STATICS 615-616 " Composition and Resolution of Forces 615 Page STATICS, Equilibrium of Force 616 " Inertia of a Revolving Body. 616 " Spherical Triangles 387 " Specific Heat 505-507 " of Air and Gases.. 505 Statues, Pyramids, etc 178 STAY BOLTS, Diameter, Pitch, etc. ... 754 STEAM, Elements of, etc.. 640-643, 704-727 44 and Air, Mixture of. 737 " Blowing off, Saturated Water, Loss of Heat by, To Compute. 726-727 " " Volume Btoivn off to that Evaporated, To Compute. 727 " Clearance, Effect of..... 715 44 Coal, Utilization of, in a Boiler. Page STKAM Heating Co. of N. T. 904 44 " and Bolters. 913, 957, 1025, 1027 44 Incrustation of Scale or Sedi- ment, To Remove 726 44 Indicator, Mean Pressure by, To Compute 724 44 -Injector 736 44 Mean Pressure by Hyperbolic Logarithms, To Compute. .712-713 " Mechanical Equivalent of. 705 " Notes of. 936, 954 14 Pipes and Casing 515 44 Pipes, Gas, etc., Dimensions and Weights of. 138 44 Plant, Cost of Coal and Labor in Operation of 1000 IP 951 44 Pressure in Ins. of Mercury 706 " " Weight of a Cube Foot, Pressure and Tempera- ture, To Compute 705 44 *' in a Cylinder, at any Point of Expansion, or at End of Stroke, To Compute.. 711 " Pressures, Mean, Final. Effective, Initial, or Total Average, To Compute 711 14 Saline Matter, Proportion of in Sea-water 727 44 " Saturation in Boilers 726 44 Specific Gravity of. 704, 706 " " of, compared with Air, To Compute 706 44 Surface Condensation, Experi- ments on 911 44 Velocity of., 704, 913, 936 44 of, into a Vacuum 704 44 Volume of Cylinder for a Given Effect, etc 715 •« 4< of Water at any Given Temperature Mixed with it, to Raise or Reduce Mixture to any Required Temperature, To Compute 707 " " of Water Evaporated per Lb. of Coal, To Com- pute 725 •• " of Water in a Given Volume of and of a Cube Foot of, To Compute 706 •* " of to Raise a Given Volume of Water to any Given Temperature. 706-707 « Weight and Effect of, for other Pressures than looLbs.j Multi- pliers for 719 " Wire drawing of. 718 " Yachts, Relative Velocities of, from Elements of their Con- struction, To Compute 928 44 COMPOUND EXPANSION, Elements of, etc 712, 720-724 " " Combined Ratio of and Final Pressure in 2d Cylinder, To Attain 723 * *' Comparative Effect in Receiv- er and Woolf Engine 724 Pag STEAM, COMPOUND EXPANSION, Effect for One Stroke and a Given Ratio of in ist Cylinder, To Compute 721-722 44 " Effect for One Stroke and a Given Combined Actual Ratio of, To Compute. .713-724 41 " Expansion in a Compound Engine, To Compute. XXXV Page STEAM - ENGINE, Portable, Standard Operation of, and Elements of 737 " Propeller Slip and Thrust, To Compute 730-731 44 Proportion of Parts, Condens- ing and Non-condensing. 727-729 44 Receiver 721 " Results of Experiments on Operation of. 933 " Screw, Friction of 478 44 Steam- Injector and Volume of Water Discharged per Hour 736 44 " -Pumps, Elements and Ca- pacities of. 738 44 Vertical Beam, Jet Condens- ing, Weight of, To Compute. 759 44 Volume of Water Required to be Evaporated in.. .734-735 " Volume of Circulating Water Required in 735 " Volume of Feed Water and In- jection Water Required per IP per Hour 736 " " of Flow through an Injec- tion Pipe 735 " Water-wheels, Radial and Feathering, and Elements of. 730 w SLIDE VALVES, To Compute and Ascertain Lap and Breadth of Ports 731 " Distance of Piston from End of Stroke given, To Compute Lead, etc 732-733 " Lap and Lead of Locomotive Valves 733 44 Part of Stroke any Given Lap will Cut off, To Compute. ... 731 44 Stroke at which Exhausting Port is Closed, etc 732 44 " of, To Compute 732 STEAM ENGINES, Results of Operation °f- 737. 924» 933. 954 " and Boilers, Weights of with Water 929 44 " Results of Performances of. 924, 927 " Duty of and Relative Cost of for Equal Effects 757 44 Practical Efficiency of. 737 " Side- wheels, Propeller and Ma- rine, Weights of. 758-759 " Weights of 758-759, 9" STEAM VESSEL, Power Utilized in... 662 4 ' Resistance to, in Air and Water 9 1 1 " -PROPELLER, Ordinary Distri- bution of Power in 91 1 " Velocity of. 1010 Steamer "Great Eastern " 173 STEAMERS 478 u Iron, First Built 915 " Relative Velocities of Yachts, from Elements of Construction, and Large 928 Steaming Distances 86 TEEL 640-643, 750, 783, 787-788, 827 44 and Iron, Corrosion of. 908 '4 and Iron, Corrosive Effects of Salt Water 916 44 Guns 913 4 4 Hemp, Iron and Steel Wire Ropes, Relative Dimensions of... 172 44 l4 and Iron Rope, Round and Flat and Safe Load. 164-166 1 4< Iron and Steel Wire Rope. .. 164 " Hexagonal, Octagonal, and Oval 135 '4 Locomotive Tubes 1 38 44 Manufacture of, Remarks on. ... 642 44 of a Given Section, Weight of. Page STRENGTH OP MATERIALS, CRUSHING, ly\ \ments of, etc 764-769 " " Bricks 908 " " Ca* tnd Wro't Iron, Woods a \ Various Metals 765 " " Coll.: ins of Iron and Steel, Sn.'e Load of and Coeffi- cients of, To Compute. 769 " " Cohans, Arches, Chords, etc. , of Cast Iron, Safe Load of. 766-767 M u " Weight of, To Compute. 769 14 " Cylinders and Rectangular ' Tubes of Wro't Iron 767 11 " Elastic Limit compared to 764 " " Granite, Limestone, Marble, and Sandstone 767, 1029 " " Hollow Columns or Tubes, Safe Load of. 768-769 " " Ice 912 •* " Long Solid Columns, Com- parative Value of. 976 " " Notes and Effects, Season- ing, etc 764 " " of Cements and Mortars. .. 596 •• " Relative Value of Woods, Strength and Stiffness Combined 976 ** " Sandstones, Stones, Cements, Masonry, etc 765-766 " " Various Materials 765-769 " DEFLECTION, Elements of, etc. , 770-781 " " and Weight Borne by a Bar or Beam of Wro't Iron. 773 " " Bars, Beams, Girders, etc., 770-771 " " Beams of Rectangular Sec- tion, Formulas for. 771-773 " " "and Comparative Strength of Flanged 778 " " " and Girders 840-841 " " " Elastic Strength of, of Unsymmetrical Section 778 " " " Flanged, and Weight of that may be Borne by One of Cast Iron. 777-778 ii ii (t q^ @ast anft Wro^t-iron, and Woods 772-774 it u « or Girders, Continuous. 772 " «« Bearings, Admissible Dis- tances between 778 " " Cast Iron Flanged Beams and Comparative Strength of. 809 *• *' General Deductions — 779-780 «• •« Girders, Tubular, ofWro't Iron 775, 809 " " Rails, Flanged, Iron and Steel 775-776 " " Rectangular Beam of Iron and Woods, Load that may be Borne by 773 M " " Bars and Beams of Cast Iron and Various Sec- «on*,etc 777 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, Results of Experiments on Subjec- tion of Cast-iron Bars to Continued Strains 780 " " Riveted Beams of Wro't Iron and Weight of. XXXV11 Pag STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, Relative Resistance of Wro't-iron and Copper to, and Com- pression 787 " TORSIONAL, Elements of, etc. 790-797 " " Shafts and Gudgeons.. 790-792 " " Cast Steel and Coefficients of. 795 4< " Gudgeons, Diameter of, To Compute 795 " * c Hollow, Round, and Square Shafts and Cylinders, To Compute 792-794 " " Shafting, Coefficients for Ultimate Resistance of. 797 " " Shafts of Oak or Pine, To Compute 793-794 1 " Couplings or Sleeves, and Supports for. ... 796 " " " Diameter of, to Resist Lateral Stress, To Compute 701-792 *' " " "and Journal of for a Water --wheel. ... 571 u u (( « Oj-a wroit Iron Cen- tre Shaft 794 « n u « Of t0 Resist Torsion and Weight 792 " " " Hollow, Diameter of to Sustain its Load, etc. 792 " " " Journals of, etc 796 " " " Mill and Factory, For- mulas for 797 " " " of Writ Iron for Ma- rine Engines, For- mulas for Diameter. 796 " " " Round and Square, Ul- timate Strength of, To Compute 795 " " " toResistLateralStressofjqj " "of Variant Metals, Woods, and Tobin Bronze, 793-794, 929 " TRANSVERSE, Elements of, etc. , 798-841 " " Coefficient or Factor of Safety of Materials 802 " " Bar or Beam,Fixed or Sup- ported, bears Weights at Unequal Distances. 803 " " Bars of Steel, To Compute, 817, 827 u Hollow Girdersor Tubes, Comparative Value of. 824-825 " Beam or Girder of any Sec- tion or Material, For- mulas for 817-818 1 " "or Shaft, Rectangular, Diagonal, etc., For- mulas for 817 5 u Beams of Various Woods, Safe Statical Load of and Coefficients for 834-835 ' " Bottom Plate Area and De- structive Weight of. 810 ' " Bowstring Girder, Diameter of Tie-rod, To Compute. 8x2 Page STRENGTH OP MATERIALS, Cast Iron Beams or Girders of Va- rious Figures, To Com- pute ................ 814-821 " "of Various Figures of, 798, 800, 813-817 " Centres of Gravity and of Crushing and Tensile Strength of a Girder or Beam, To Compute ...... 819 u " Concretes, Cements, etc ____ 800 " " Cylinders, Flues, and Tubes, Elements of within Elas- ticity, To Compute. .827-828 u " Cylindrical and Elliptical Beams or Tubes of Wro't Iron ................... " Beams, Lintels, etc., Elements of. ..... 822-823 u Qff £eams Of Unsym- metrical Section. .810-811 XXXV111 INDEX. Page STRENGTH OP MATERIALS, Girders of Wro't-iron, Plate 811-812 a " Glass Globes and Cylin- ders, Resistance to Inter- nal Pressure and Collapse 831 " " Headers and Trimmers or Carriage Beams, Elements of, To Compute 836-838 " " Homogeneous Beams of Un- symmetrical Section, Ul- timate Strength of, To Compute 820-821 " " Inertia of Beams, Moment of. 818-819 u "Inclined Beams, etc., of Wrd't Iron 811 " " Lead Pipes, Resistance to, Thickness of, Weight, and Bursting Pressure, To Compute 831 " " Manganese Bronze 832 " Memoranda on Joints, etc. 830 u " on Metals. 832 " Metals 798 " Miscellaneous Illustrations 826 " Neutral Axis of a Beam of Unsymmetrical Section, To Compute 820 " of a Beam in an Inclined or Oblique Position. .799, 804 " of Brick-work 801 " of Woods 798-799* 800 " Plate Joints, Double Rivet- ed and Strapped, Experi- ments on 829 " Pressure on Ends or Sup- ports of a Bar, Beam, etc. 803 " Rails, Iron and Steel, To Compute 812 " Rectangular and Cylindri- cal Beams, Formulas and Coefficients for. 805 " " Girders or Tubes 809 "Resistance, Moment and Work of, To Compute. .. 818 " Riveted Joints, Compara- tive Strength of. 828 " Rivets, Pitch, Lap, and Di- ameter of 829 " Rolled Beams and Channel Bars, Safe Load and Weight of. 807-808 " " and Girders or Riveted Tubes of Wro't Iron, of Various Figures and Sections, Destruc- tive Weight, To Com- pute 80 " " " and Channel Bars of Wro't Iron of Various Sections 806-80? ; " " Steel Beams .147, 80 ; " Scarfs, Relative Resistance of. 84 1 *' Seasoning, Increase in Strength of Woods 8oc k " Solid Cylinder^ To Compute 80 Page STRENGTH OP MATERIALS, Solid Cylin- der and Hollow Cyl- inders of Various Ma- terials 801 u " u Diameter of to Support a Given Weight. 804-805 " " Statical, Dead or Live Load, Factors of Safety 841 " " Steel and Bridge Plates and Rivets 830 " " " Bars, To Compute 827 " " Stiffness of Materials 798 u ' ' Stirrups or Bridles, Dimen- sions of. To Compute. XXXIX Page SUSPENSION BRIDGES, Ratio of Stress on Chains or Cables at Point of Sus- pension Bears to ivhole Weight of Structure and Load, To Compute. . 842 Sustenance, Human and Animal 203 4' Requirements of a Workman 207 Sweet Potato 207 Swimming 439 SYMBOLS, Algebraic, and Formulas. 22-23 41 and Characters 21-22 44 and Equivalents 190 44 for Elements and Formulas. . . 981 Symbolic Hatching and Designa- tions 932 T. Tacks, Nails, Spikes, etc., Wro't Iron 154 Tan, Elements of. 482 Tangential Wheel 576 TANGENTS AND CO-TANGENTS 415-426 44 44 To Compute 426 « 44 44 Degrees, Minutes, etc. , of Given 426 Tannin, Quantity of, in Substances. 190 Tape Line or Chain, to Set out a Right Angle with 69 TECHNICAL TERMS, Orthography of. 1042-51 44 44 in Masonry 597-599 Tee and Angle Iron, Weight of. 130 Teeth of Wheels 859-862 44 Dimensions of a Tooth, etc., To Compute 860-861 " IP and Stress of, To Compute. 86 1 1 ' Involute 859 Telegraph Wire, Span of. 179, 936 44 Telephone, Wires and Cables. 960 Telescopes, Opera- Glasses, etc — 671, 942 Telford Roads 688, 690 TEMPERATURE and Extremes of. .914, 952 44 Absolute 504 44 Artificial and of Earth 195 44 by Agitation 524 44 Decrease of, by Altitude 522 44 Extremes of. 952 44 Non-conductors of. 933 44 of Enclosed Spaces. ........ 526 44 of Mines 918 " of Saturated Steam, Latent and Total Heat of, To Compute 707 " of Steam, To Compute 705 44 of Various Localities 192 *4 To Reduce Degrees of Differ- ent Scales 523 44 Transmission or Conductiv- ity of 914 44 Underground 519 Temperatures, Metric 37 Tempering Boring Instruments 197 Tenacity of Iron Bolts in Woods — 198 TENSILE STRENGTH (See Strengtfi of Materials) 784-790 Terne Plates 124 Terra Cotta 602 Tests, Simple, of Water 928 Theatres and Opera-Houses 180 Thermometers, Reduction of. 523 Throwing Weights by Men 439 Thrust, Weight of a Body, to Sustain a Given. To Compute 693 Tidal Phenomena and Current. .75-1010 Tide Table for Cocat of U. S 84-85 TIDES 84, 198 of Atlantic and Pacific 191, 198 of Pacific Coast 85 Rise and Fall of, Gulf of Mexico. 85 Time of High Water 74-75 Tie-rods, Experiments on 787 TIMBER AND BOAKD MEASURE 61 ;i AND WOODS, Elements, Notes, Treatment, etc 865-870 4 Comparative Weight of Green and Seasoned 217 (See Wood and Timber, 865-870.) 4 Measure, and Volume of, To Com- pute 61-62 1 Strengthof. 870 1 Volume of Squared, To Compute 62 ' Waste in Hewing or Sawing. ... 62 TIME, after Apparent Noon, before Moon next passes Meridian. .. Page TRACTION, Friction of Roads and Coefficients of in Propor- tion to Load 847 44 Maximum Power of a Horse on a Canal 848 44 of Omnibus and Speed 844 " on Canal, Slack-water, River, and on Street Railroads 848 u on Various Roads and of Va- rious Vehicles 845, 847-848 u Power Necessary to Sustain a Vehicle on an Inclined Road, To Compute 845-846 44 Power Necessary to Move and Sustain a Vehicle Ascending or Descending an Elevation, To Compute 846 " Resistance of a Car 849 44 u of Gravity and Grade.. 847 44 " on an Inclined Road 846 44 u on Paved, Rough, and Common Roads 843-844 44 " to on Common Roads. 843-845 44 Results of Experiments of, on Roads and Pavements 843 Tramways or Street Railroads, 435,848,915 Transportation, Canal 193 44 of Horses and Cattle 192 TRANSVERSE STRENGTH (See Strength of Materials) 798-841 Trass or Terras. 589 Treadmill 433 Treenails, Strength of, etc 783 Trees, Large, in California 184 " u in Australia 971 Trigonometrical Equivalents 387 Trigonometry, Plane, Angles, Sides, etc., To Compute 385-389 41 Distances of Inaccessible Ob- jects, To Ascertain 388-389 44 Height of an Elevated Point, To Compute 389 Tripolith, Composition of. 198 Troops, Marine Transportation of... 914 Trotting. 439-44° Troy Measure 32 Truss, Iron and Stress on 178-1041 Tubers, Ratio of Flesh-formers 207 Tubes, and Flues 747, 827 14 and Pipes, Weight of, To Compute, 147-148 * 4 Brass and Seamless Brass, Weight of. 142 44 Copper, Seamless Drawn, Weight of. 140-142, 144 " English Wro'tlron, Weight 0/143, *45 44 Evaporative Capacity :>f Varying Length 742 44 Lap-welded Iron Boiler 139 41 or Girders, Dimensions and Pro- portions of. 809 44 Steel and Semi- Steel Locomotive 138 " Thickness of B W G 748 Tubular Bridge, Britannia 178 Tunnels, Lengths of. 179, 936 Page TURBINES (See Hydrodynamics). .572-577 " and Water -Wheels Compared. 579 Turkish Plaster and Mortar 591-592 Turning, Friction of. 477 44 and Boring Metal 197 Turnips, Ratio of Flesh-formers 207 Turpentine, Elastic Force and Tem- perature of Vapor of. 707 U. Underground Temperature 519 UNDERSHOT - WHEEL (See Hydrody- namics) 566-571 Unguents, Relative Value of. 471 Units for Computing Safe Strain of New Ropes, Hawsers, etc 170 V. Value of Coins, To Compute 39 • and Weight of Foreign Coins . 40-45 of the Metre in terms of the Brit- ish Imp. Yard 934 VAPOR IN ATMOSPHERE, Volume and Weight of, To Compute 68-69 " Elastic Force of, of Alcohol, Ether, Sulphuret of Carbon, Petro- leum, and Turpentine 707 VAPORS, Relative Density of Some. . . 521 Variation of Magnetic Needle. . . 57-i°39 1 ' Decennial, of Needle 58 rt of, in U. S. and Canada 59 Varnishes 876 Vegetable Marrow, Composition of. . 207 Vegetables, Analysis of Meat and Fish and Foods 200-201 4 4 and Oil-cake, Nutritious Prop- erties of Compared 204 44 Elements of Various 207 44 Proportion of Starch in 205 " Tubers, Ratio of Flesh-formers 207 Vegetation, Limits of. 192 Velocities, Metric 37,923 44 Acceleration and Distance of a Body, To Compute 921-922 41 of Different Figures in Air, ' Resistance of. 646-648 Velocity Lost by a Projectile, To Com- pute 648 " and Time, To Compute 648 44 and Volume of Molecules 194 44 of Current of a Bay or River. . 971 VENTILATION, Buildings, Apartments, etc 524 " Length of Iron Pipe required to Heat Air, To Compute. 52 5-526 4' of Mines 449 44 Proper Temperatures of En- closed Spaces 526 44 Volume of Air Discharged through a Ventilator. 524 44 4i of Air per Hour for each Occupant of a House. 525 Vernier Scale 27 VESSEL, Elements of, To Compute. . . 653 44 Hulls of Iron, Thickness of Plates and Rivets 830 INDEX. xli Vcuel'i Side Lights, Visibility of.... Vessels, Mean Speed of. 971 Veterinary, Treatment in 186 Victor Turbine. 576 Volcano, Power of. 910 Volcanoes, and Heights of. 182, 936 Voltmeters and Ammeters 961-962 VOLUME AND WEIGHT of Various Sub- stances in Ordinary Use 216 " of Molecules 194 VOLUMES, Mensuration of. 360-378 W. 