None
551 ; on English furnace for cupella- tion of argentiferous lead, i. 591 ; on electrolysis of zinc, ii. 221 Rosing's lead pump, used in refining pro- cess, i. 437, 453, 454 Roessler, on production of a zinc-silver alloy from work-lead, i. 561 ; pro- cess for refining blicksilber, i. 599- 601 ; on solubility of gold in potas- sium cyanide, i. 829, 838; on gold parting bv sulphur, i. 846 ; on gold refining, i. 854 et seq. ; on parting by electrolysis, i. 875; on impuri- ties in commercial zinc, ii. 3 ; on treatment of copper with zinc calci- nation products, ii. 83, 84 ; on re- fining of zinc, ii. 178 ; on platinum in blicksilber, ii. 618 Riistreactionsarbeit, wc Air -reduction process Rostreductionsarbeit, nee Carbon-reduc- tion process Roszner, on Augustin process, i. 709 Roger, on gold-parting by sulphur, i. 845 "Rohglas," production of, ii. 492; re- fining of, ii. 493 Rohstein, i. 123 Root's blower, i. 93 ; used in European lead furnaces, i. 362 ; used with Knox furnaces, ii. 292 Rose, G., on specific gravity of silver, i. 456 ; on specific gravity of gold, i. 752 Rose, H., on action of hydrogen and cuprous sulphide, i. 11 ; on chemical reactions of silver oxide, i. 457 ; on cementation, i. 846 ; on alloys of bismuth, ii. 351 ; on crystallisation of aluminium, ii. 626 ; on oxidation of aluminium, ii. 628 Rose's metal, effect of cadmium on, ii. 241 Rofieocobaltous chloride, ii. 598 VOL. II Ross and Welter furnaoe, for calcining zinc blende, ii. 48, 49 Rossie furnace, i. 311, 313, 314* Rotating cylinders for roasting lead ores, i. 338, 339 RothglaM manufacture, i. 387 Rothgiiltigerz, dunkles, ftee Pyrargyrite ; lichtes, net Proustite ; schwarz, fiet Stephanite Rothschild's works, Havre, Corduri/' process at, i. 550 Rousseau, method of nickel extraction, ii. 577 Rozan process of silver extraction, i. 514- 519 Ruby, formed from corundum, ii. 634 Ruhy glass, gold in, i. 752 Rubv sulphur, set Realgar Rudberg, on the melting point of cad- mium, ii. 241 ; of bismuth, ii. 347 ; of tin, ii. 375 Riihrperiode, nee Rabbling Ruolz, OR nickel-refining, ii. 595 Ruprecht, on the Barrel amalgamation process, i. 689 Russell, on reaction of sodium copper thiosulphate with silver sulphide, i. 459 ; with silver chlonde, i. 462 ; with silver arseniate and antimoniate, i. 463 ; on action of 80<lic hyposulphite on gold, i. 754 ; on lixiviation of silver with sodium thiosulphate, i. 728 ; his process of silver precipitation, i. 733-739 Russian Coppjer Co., the, in the Urals, electrolytical method of copper extraction, i. 260 Ruthenium, ii. 616 Sack, metho<l of cobalt extraction, ii. 607 Saeger, on Stempelmann's adapter modi- fication, ii. 138 n; on Mielchen's nozzle, ii. 141 n Saigerdomer, treatment of, i. 430 Saigerheerd, for liquation process and for desilverifiing silver copper alloys, i. 498,499* FF« J^, Sailor's Union Mine, Califoniia, hydrau- lic mining at, i. 769 St. Clair- Deville, on chemical reactions of silver oxide, i. 457 St. Louis Smelting and Refining Co.'s works, Cheltenham, zinc desilveris- ing process at, i. 533 ; gold-parting by electrolysis by, i. 874 Salamander, see Bear Salt, action on cuprous sulphide, i. 10 ; used in formation of chloride of copi)er, i. 216, 218, 220 et seq. ; gold- parting by, i. 846 Sanci, used at Swan.sea for bed of smelter, composition of, i. 131 3 A 722 GENERAL INDEX Sandarach, see Realgar Sand-ore from Sangerhausen, i. 142 San Francisco Assaying and Refining Works, the, golil refining at, i. 860, 871 et aeq. Sapphire, formed from corundum, ii. 634 Saxon cobalt works, the, speiss from lead smelting sold to, i. ^9 Schaffner, his improved Maletra furnace, i. 59*-61* ; experiments for solution of copper by ferrous chloride, i. 202 ; on production of chloride of copper in dry way, i. 220 Scheelite, in tin ore, ii. 382 Scheerer, see Marchand Scheidel, on the Mac Arthur-Forrest gold extraction process, i. 828, 836 n, 837 Schertel, on fuel for lead smelting, i. 348 ; on composition of Freiberg lead before and after desilverisation, i. 444, 445 ; on melting point of nickel, ii. 497 Scheurer-Kestner, on preparation of sodium stannate, ii. 424 Schlackenrostung, i. 322, 323, 330, 338 Schlapp, on calcining zinc blende, ii. 33 Schlicker, i. 422, 423, 429 Schliiter, on Guss and Fluss metho<i of gold parting, i. 843 Schnielzer, proposal for improvement in zinc extraction, ii. 185 V. Schmidt, M., on treatment of mer- curial soot, ii. 3:^ Fchnal)el, on electrolytic methoils of copper extraction, i. 249 n ; on col- lecting fume and dust in the air re- duction process of lead extraction, i. 288 », 421 ; on lower sulphide of iron and lead, i. 403 ; on leading silver matte, i. 492 n ; on cupellation of argentiferous lead, i. 568 n ; on neutralisation of sulphur acids from calcination of zinc blende, ii. 59 ; on arsenical alloys, ii. 475 n ; on com- position of nickel mattes, ii. 596 »i et seq. ; on roasting coarse matte, ii. 533 n ; on smelting roasted matte, ii. 534 n et seq. ; on production of copper-nickel alloys, ii. 545 n el neq. Schnedermann, on smelting of lead sul- phate, i. 418 Schneider, on composition of slag from American lead smelting works, i. 346 ; his method of purification of bismuth, ii. 372 ; on compositions of commercial bismuths, ii. 373 ; on extraction of platinum, ii. 622 Schnitzer, on aluminium at Feistritz, ii. 634 Schoneis, method of cobalt extraction, ii. mi n Scliriider, on specific gravity of anti- mony, ii. 43<l Schnkler and Hanisch, on manufacture of sulphur dioxide from calcination pn)- ducts of zinc blende, ii. 76, 77*, 82, 83 Schiittofen, see Dust furnace Schulze, on chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 8 Schultze, on treatment of tin-cuttings, ii. 422 Schwarz, on treatment of zinc fume, ii. 184 ». Schwarzbleierz, sec black lead ore, inulf^r Lead Schwarzmann's friction rolls, for crush- ing zinc ores, ii. 21 Schweder, on composition of nickel mattes, ii. 52571, 526 n; of slags, ii. 526, 527 et seq. ; on smelting roasK^l matte, ii. 534 n ; on refining matte, ii. 541 ; on production of copper-nickel alloys, ii. 546 Scorification, in copper refining, i. 188, 189 Scotch hearth, used in air reduction process of lead extraction, i. 31 1, 312^, 313», 316 Scott furnaces, see Hiittner and Scott Scums from lead in cupellation smelting process, treatment of, i. 426, 430 (>>". Skumnas) Sebillot, method of nickel extraction, ii. 577 SefstnVm furnaces, used in extraction of nickel from slags, ii. 587 ; for nickel refining, ii. 593 Seleno-telluride of bismuth, ii. 352 Senarmonite, ii. 437 Sesia works, Varallo, stall-roasting of nickel ores at, ii. 518, 520 ; smelting nickel ores, ii. 525 ; separation of cobalt and nickel at, ii. 602 Shaft furnaces, for calcination of copper ores, i. 27, 44-49 ; advantages, i. 44 ; calcination of lump ores in, i. 45-49 : kilns and pyrites oumers, i. 45, 46 ; pyrites burners, i, 45-49 ; kilns, i. 49-52 ; roasting ore-fines in, i. 52- 59 : smelting calcined ores for matte, i. 86-112; improvements in, i. 90; shapes of, i. 91. 92; various forms of, i. 92, 93 ; disposition of tuyeres in, i. 93 ; for smelting of calcined copper ores (continued), blast appa- ratus in, i. 93 ; types of, i. 93, 94 : forehearths in, i. 93-95; arrangement of fuel used in, i. 95 ; older furnaces, i. 96 98 ; modem furnaces, i. 98 -109 ; process of smelting in, i. 109, llO ; calcination of copper matte in, i. 113,115 for roasting lead ores, i. 324, 328, 32t> ; for smelting calcined lead ores, i. 339- 394 ; draught furnaces, i. 348-351 ; blast furnaces, i. 351-355; construc- tion of the funiace, i. 355-362 ; older GENERAL INDEX 723 forms of furnace, i. 362-367 ; recent furnaces, i. 368-377 ; furnaces in various localities, i. 385-394 ; for roasting lead matte, i. 405 t/ ntq. for burning calamine, ii. 22, 23*-25 ; grate-fired shaft-furnaces, ii. 23, 24*, 25 ; for calcining zinc blende, ii. 39- 41 ; proposals for iuiprovements in, ii. 185-191 extraction of mercury in, ii. 267- 309 ; in extenially tired furnaces, ii. 267 ; in internally fired shaft furnaces, ii. 268-276 ; in exter- nally tired furnaces, ii. 277, 278; in furnaces tired continuously, ii. 278 ; furnaces for lump ores, ii. 279- 293 ; for ore tines, ii. 293-;W9 ; in shaft furnaces proper, ii. 315-321 for smelting tin ore, ii. 400-410 ; for reduction of antimony, ii. 451, 454 ; for roasting nickel orej, ii, 518, 520 ; for smelting nickel ores, ii. 522, it fttq, ; for refining coarse matte, ii. 532 ; for roasting arsenical ores, ii. 559 circular, for smelting calcined copper ores, diameters of, i. 91, 92 ; pressure of, i. 91 ; improvements in, i. 92, 93 ; blast apparatus in, i. 93 ; types of, i. 9a-95 ; modem furnaces, i. 98-103* ; Pilz furnaces, 98*, 99* ; Mansfeld furnaces, i. 100*, 101* oval, for smelting calcined copper ores, i. 92, 93, 107*-109* rectangular, for smelting calcined cop- per ores, i. 92, 104*-107 round, set circular Shear, proposal for improvements in zinc- extraction, ii. 185 ; on extraction of tin by electrolysis, ii. 425 Sheffield's firebridge, used in English calciner, i. 128 ; in Welsh furnace, i. 144, 145* Shelf furnaces, for calcination of copper ores, i. 62-64* ; disposition of the ores, i. 52 Siberian furnaces, for smelting calcined copper ores, i. 98, 195 Siberian reduction hearth, for treatment of lithaige, i. 424 Siderite, reduction of, in calcination of zinc blende, ii. 36 Siemens, on volatility of copper, i. 2 ; on electro-metallurgical methoils of copper extraction, i. 16, 249-256 ; his copper refining gas fumace, i. 185 ; his principles of gas firing, zinc distillation furnaces fired by, ii. 117- 123, 124, 150, 157*, 158, 165; his electric fumace for extraction of platinum, ii. 620 Siemens and Halske process of electro- metallurgical copper extraction, i. 249-256, 258, 260; efficiency of machines at Oker, i. 265 ; arrange- ment of l>aths in, i. 265, 266*, 267* ; electrolytic precipitation machines, i. 839 ; on electrolysis of zinc, ii. 203, 204, 212 et seq. ; electrolytic method of antimony extraction, ii. 470 ; on electrolytic extraction of arsenic, ii. 479 Siemens-Martin furnace, for extraction of nickel from gamierite, ii. 555 Sierra Buttes mine, Sierra Co., stamp mills at the, i. 787 ; chlorination of gold ore at, i. 812, 815 Sieveking, on extraction of mercury in wet way, ii. 343 Silesiaii furnaces for burning calamine, ii. 31, 32 ; for zinc distillation, ii. 94, 96-98, 105 ; gas fired, ii. 120 ; adapters for, ii. 133 el tteq, ; for zinc- distillation in muffles, ii. 143-145* ; old Silesian, ii. 164 Silesiau process of zinc-distillation, ii. 130-173 {set under Zinc); of lead extraction, see Tarnowitz process Silesia works, at Lipine, Husenclever furnaces for calcining zinc blende used at, ii. 70; sulphur dioxide manufactured at, ii. 76, 77*-80*, 81 ; Belgo-Silesian furnaces at, ii. 165, 166; number of muffles broken at, ii. 172 ; treatment of zinc fumes at, ii. 176, 183, 184 ; electroljrsis of zinc ores at, ii. 212 ; composition of flue- dust, containing cadmium from zinc- calcination, ii. 247 Silica, proportions of, in slag from smelting lead ores, i. 346 ; action in iron-reduction process of lead ex- traction, i. 396; action with zinc oxide, ii. 8; reduction of, in zinc distillation, ii. 87 Silicates, reduction of in smelting cal- cined copper ores, i. 88, 89 ; pro- portions of, in slags from Oter, Mansfeld, Roros, Fahlun, and Altenau, i. 90 Silicon, action on copper, i. 45 ; on cuprous oxide, i. 7 ; on cupric oxide, i. 8 ; on cuprous sulphide, i. 10 ; re- duction in smelting of calcined cop- per ores, i. 88-91 ; effect on nickel, li. 498 ; action with platinum, ii. 615 ; effect on aluminium, ii. 627, 631 Silliman, on Patio process, i. 646 Silver, extraction from copper, i. 16, 23, 24 ; at Wallaroo, i. 152, 153 calcined in Stetefeldt's furnace, i. 72 ; furnaces used for calcination of, suitable for copper, i. 81 ; reduce tion of in smelting calcined copper ores, i. 87 ; silver in " diimistein,^' i. 118; in copper "bottoms," i. 148; Ziervogel process of desilverisation of copper ores, in use at Wallaroo, i. 153 ; desilverisation of kupferschie- fer, i. 154, 155 ; precipitation of, by 724 GENERAL INDEX copper, i. 206, 242 ; process for ex- tracting silver from copper, i. 248 ; by electrolysis, i. 257, 262 in lead ores, i. 281-283, 285, 288; reduction in smelting lead ores, i. 343 ; contained in lead slag, i. 348 ; at the Omaha and (irant Smelting works at Denver, i. 380 ; obtained from blast furnace process, i. 381, 382; in various lead ores, i. 386- 394 ; action in iron -reduction process of lead extraction, i. 395 ; concentra- tion of, in work-lead, i. 422 ; elimina- tion of, in refining of lead, i. 432 et atq. {see uiidtr Lead, Work-) physical properties, i. 456 ; chemical properties, i. 457 ; chemical reactions of compounds, i. 457-463 ; alloys, i. 463-465 ; ores, i. 465-468 ; methods of extraction from ores, i. 468-470 EXTRACTION BY DRY METHODS, i. 470- 601 ; production of work -lead from silver ores, i. 471-485 ; from metallur- gical bye-products, i. 485-502 concentration of, in work-lead, i. 502 et «eq. ; the Pattinson process, i. 503-505 ; hand-Pattinson process, i. 505-511 ; mechanical-Pattinson process, i. 511-514 ; the Rozan process, i. 614-519 desilvering by means of zinc, i. 519- 522 ; production of silver-lea<l-zinc alloy, i. 622 et tseq. ; desilverising process, i. 628-533 ; liquation of zinc scums, i. 533-638 ; treatment of de- silverised lead, i. 538-539 ; pro- duction of rich lead from zinc alloy, i. 539 et seq. ; distillation of zinc scums, i. 540-548 ; smelting rich scums, i. 548, 549 ; cupellation of rich scums, i. 549 ; melting zinc scums with alkaline chlorides, i. 549 ; oxidation of zinc by steam, i. 550-552 ; lixiviation of zinc oxides, i. 552, 553 ; extraction of zinc oxide, i. 553-561 ; combined Pattinson and zinc desilverising processes, i. 561 ; production of zinc-silver alloy from work-lead, i. 561-566 ; cupellation of argentiferous lead, i. 566-596 ; refining of blicksilber, i. 596-599; refining in crucibles, i. 599-601 EXTItACTION BY A COMBINATION OK DRY AND WET PROCESSES, i. 601-749 ; conversion of silver into silver-leatl alloy, i. 601-611 processes in which silver is not dis- solved, i. 602, 603 ; extraction of silver from argentiferous black copper by sulphuric acid, i. 603-608 ; from argentiferous copper matte by sulphuric acid, i. 608-610 processes in which the silver is dis- solved, i. 610 ; extraction of silver by amalgamation process, i. 611 et &eq. ; the Cazo process, i. 618-620 ; the Krohnke process, i. 620-625 ; the Patio process, i. 625-647 ; the Washoe process, i. 647-673 ; moditi- cations of the Washoe process, i. 673 el stq. ; the combination process, i. 674 ; the Boss process, i. 674-677 amalgamation with reagents preceded by a chloridising roasting, i. 677- 702; amalgamation with a soluble salt of mercury, i. 702, 703 ; recovery of silver from silver amalgam, i. 703-707 ; production of silver by precipitation, i. 707 ; procesaea in which silver is obtained as chloride, i. 707 - 708 ; Augustin process, i. 708-718 ; patera process, i. 718-723 ; extraction of soluble compounds of l>ase metals by means of water, i. 723-727 ; lixiviation with sodium thiosulphate, i. 727-729 ; precipiu- tion of silver from thiosulpnate liquors, i. 730-732 ; treatment of the precipitatetl silver sulphide, i. 732 ; Kiss process, i. 732, 733 ; Russell process, i. 733-734 ; pro- duction of silver from roasted copper ores, i. 739-740 ; Ziervogel process, i. 740-749 EXTRACTION BY ELECTRO- MET AIXURG I - CAL METHODS, i. 749-751 eifect on gold, i. 765 ; reiluction of in gold refining, i. 864, 858 ; extraction of from silver sulphate solution, i. 866-873; treatment of in gold-parting by electrolysis, i. 875 alloy of zinc and, ii. 12 ; reduction of in zinc distillation, ii. 88; electro- lysis of zinc-silver alloys, ii. 222 extraction of bismuth from skimmings at Frankfort, ii. 364 ; in crude bismuth, ii. 369, 372 ; alloys of anti- mony and, ii. 436, 437 ; effect of alu- minium on, ii. 627, 633 Silver-bismuth glance, ii. 352 ; bromide, i. 462; chloride, chemical reactions of, i. 460-462 ; production of silver from, i. 707, 708 ; glance, localitici^ of, i. 466 ; horn-, i. 461 ; localities of, i. 467 ; iodide, i. 462 ; native, localities of, i. 466, 466 ; oxideii, chemical reactions of, i. 457, 458 ; sulphide, chemical reactions of, 458- 460 ; precipitated, treatment of, i. 732 Silver Reef mine, Utah, Boas process of silver extraction, i. 675 Simonin, on the reduction of antimony in reverberatory furnaces, ii. 451 w, 454 n »Sinding, on precipitation of copper, i. 209 Sinterrostung, i. 323, 337, 338 Skinder furnaces, i. 92, 93, 107*, 108^ Skumnas, formation of, in smelting of GENERAL INDEX 725 calcined copper ores, i. 89 ; treat- ment of, in smelting process, i. 112 Skutterudite, ii. 476 Slag-nose, copper smelting with, i. 93 Slag-pots, used at lead smelting works, U.S.A., i. 378-380* Slag roaster, production of, in smelting white metal, i. 14(j ; star-, in anti- mony refining, ii. 466, 467 ; refinery, ii. 467 Slagging roasting, see Schlackenrustung Sluice gold-washer, used in United States, i. 762 Smalt, production of cobalt from, ii. 599 ; production of, ii. 609 Smaltine, ii. 476, 598 Smith, electrolytical method of copper extraction, i. 269, 271, 272 ; on gold and silver in crude bismuth, ii. S)9 ; on extraction of tin by electrolysis, ii. 426, 427 ; his method of antimony extraction, ii. 467 Societe Melallurgique Italienne, works of, at Leghorn, converters used by, i. 166 Soda-ash, roasted tinstone fused with, for removal of tungsten, ii. 390, 391* Sodium, alloy of aluminium and, ii. '631 ; reduction of aluminium by, ii. 637 -chloride, used in formation of chloride of copper, i. 221 ; for removal of zinc from lead, i. 436 •copper thiosulphate, reaction with silver sulphide, i. 459 •hyposulphite, a solvent for copper, i. 204; manufactured from calcination products of zinc blende, ii. 81 •stannate, preparation of, ii. 424 -thiosulphate, lixiviation of silver with, i. 727-729 ; precipitation from, i. 730-732 Solon, lead slags from Laurium dating from time of, i. 420 Sonoma mine, the, California, native mercury in, ii. 255 Soot, mercurial, ii. 259, 262 ; composition of, from Idria and Almaden, ii. 329-332 ; treatment of, ii. 332-336 Sophien works, Langelsheim, see Frau Sophienhiitte (in (Teographicallndex) Sow, see Bear Speise, see Speiss Speiss, formation of in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 87 r com- position of, at Schmollnitz and Nensohl, i. Ill $ scoritication of Oker " bleistein " speiss, i. 157 ; amalgamation of, i. 694-696 Speiss-cobalt, ii. 598 Spelter, ii. 181 ; compo.sition of, from various zinc works^ ii. 182, 183, 233 Spence furnace, for copper extraction, disposition of the ores, i. 52, i. 62- 64*, 65; for sulphuric acid manu- facture, i. 129 ; for calcination of gold ores, i. 808 Sperrylit, ii. 616 Sphalerite, see Zinc Blende Spirek, on the Hauzeur furnace, ii. 1197t ; his reverberatory mercury calciners, ii. 309, 312, 313* ** Spitting," of silver, i. 456, 601 Spitzer, see Vortmann and Spleiss furnaces, i. 157, 171, 175*-180 Spongy metal, i. 126 Spongy regulus, i. 151 Spriihen, or copper- rain, in refining process, i. 173 Spurofen, the, i. 93, 94, 355 Spurstein, i. 120 ; compositions of, i. 121 [see Blue Metal) S<juire, on electrolysis of alkaline solu- tions for zinc, ii. 218 Stadler, on extraction of cadmium at Engis, ii. 245, 246 Stahl, on efiect of arsenic on copper, i. 4; on tough-poling, i. 191, 192; on extraction of zinc by chloridising roasting, ii. 197, 198 ; on extraction of nickel by electrolysis, ii. 590 ; his method of cobalt extraction, ii. 605 Stahlschmidt, on chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 6 Stall-roastinff of copper ores, i. 27, 38- 44 ; conditions for, i. 39 ; arrange- ment and construction of stalls, i. 39, 40*-42* ; Welhier's, or Freiberg sUlls, i. 43* ; Styrian stall, i. 43, 44* of copper matte, i. 1 12 ; dead-roasting in stalls, i. 1 15 ; of copper pyrites for sulphates, i. 213-215; of lead ores, i. 328; of lead matte, i. 383, 408 ; of calamine, ii. 21, 22; of zinc blende, ii. 39 ; of nickeliferous ores, ii. 517, 520; for refining coarse matte, ii. 532 ; for arsenical ores, ii. 559 Stalmann's converter, i. 162*- 166 ; his electrolytical method of copper ex- traction, i. 269, 270*, 271* Stamp-mill amalgamation, i. 777-789 Stannic acid, chemical properties of, ii. 377 ; anhydride, chemical properties of, ii. 377 ; chloride, chemical pro- perties of, ii. 377 ; pre^mration of, ii. 423 ; nitrate, chemical properties of, ii. 377 ; oxide, see stannic acid ; sulphate, chemical properties of, ii. 377 ; sulphide, chemical properties . of, ii. 378, 428 Stannous chloride, chemical properties of, ii. 377 ; preparation of, ii. 423 ; oxide, effect on tin, ii. 375 ; chemical properties of, ii. 376; sulphides, chemical properties of, ii. 377, 378, 428 Staubrostung, i. 323, 337 726 GENERAL INDEX Steel, nickel-, see Nickel-steel Steger, on clay for vessels for zinc distil- Itttion, ii. 91, 93, 194 ef seq.; his nozzle, ii. 142*, 143* ; on treatment of zinc fume, ii. 184 ii Steinbeck, on Ziervogel process, i. 746 n Steitz, his syphon, i. 454*, 455* ; his sys- tem of water cooling after cupellation process, i. 591* ; his water-jacket furnace, i. 592-594 Stelzner, on chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 8 Stempelmann's modification of Dagner's adapter, ii. 138, 139*, 140* Stephanite, localities of, i. 467 Stephans works, Hungary, stall -calcina- tion of mercurial mhlores at, ii. 264 ; treatment of mercurial fahlores at, ii. 341 Sterling mine, the, ores for production of zinc white found at, ii. 226 Stern works, the, at Linz on the Rhine, i. 200 Stembergitc, i, 467 Stetefeldt furnace, for calcining silver ores, i. 72 ; drying furnace, the, i. 678, 679*, 680*, 685, 686*, 687*, 698 ; for calcination of zinc blende, ii. 43 Stetefeldt, on Patio process, i. 646 ; on patera process, i. 721n; on calcination of gold ores, i. 807 Stevenot, his amalgamator, i. 801 Stevenson pan, for Washoe process, i. 658, 661* Stibnite, reduction of, in calcination of zinc blende, ii. 36 (^ee Antimony Glance) Stirling brand of spelter, ii. 233 Stolberg furnace, the, formerly used at Freiberg, i. 366, 367* Stolzel, on the specific gravity of zinc, ii. 1 n Stolzite, i. 283 Stopp, method of extraction of arsenic from residues of coal tar colours, ii. 495 Storer, on impurities of zinc, ii. 2-4 Stralx), lead slags from Laurium dating from time of, i. 420 Straits furnace, for smelting tinstone, ii. 399,400 Strecker, on zinc distillation furnaces in U.S.A., ii. 128 n, I29n; on produc- tion of zinc white, ii. 232 n Streng, on composition of Harz lead desilverised by Pattinson's process, i. 425, 442 Strohmeyer, on lixiviatiou of copper by soilium hyposulphite, i. 204 Stromeyerite, localities of, i. 466 Stupp, ii. 259 {tite Soot, mercurial) Stynan stall, copper roasting, i. 4:3, 44* Sulman and Teed, cyanide process for dis- solving gold, i. 830 V Sulpho-telluride of bismuth, ii. 352 Sulphur, action on copper, i. 5, 7 ; — ^ compounds of, extraction of from copper ores, i. 17, 25, 32* : ex- traction by Maletra furnace, i. 61 ; I reduction of in smelting of calcined i copper ores, i. 88 ; action on silver, I i. 457 ; action on silver sulphide, i. 458 ; compounds of silver with, i. 462, 463 ; effect on gold, i. 754 ; ' parting by litharge and, i. 844, 845 ; parting by sulphur alone, i. 845, 846 ; present in commercial zinc, ii. 4 ; action with zinc, ii. 5 ; action with zinc oxide, ii. 7 ; percentage of, in zinc blende, ii. 34 ; neutralisation of the acids of, evolve<l by calcination of zinc blende in reverberatory f«r- / noces, ii. 52 59 ; manufocturetl from calcination-products of zinc blende, ii. 81, 82; contained in crude bis- muth, ii. 369 ; extracted from crude bismuth, ii. 372 ; effect on tin, ii. 375 ; separation from tin, ii. 382, 383 ; action with arsenic, ii. 472, 491, 494 ; effect on nickel, ii. 497 ; ^ extraction of nickel from compounds * of, ii. 511-554 (tfte uwkr ^lickel}; action with platinum, ii. 615 Sulphur dioxide, absorbed by molten copper, i. 2, 6 ; action on cupric chloride, i. 13 ; manufactured from products of calcination of zinc blende, at Hambom and Lipine, ii. 75-77* Sulphurets, produced in gold milling, i. 771, 774, 787 et neq. ; treatment in Hungarian mills, i. 791 Sulphuretted hydrogen, action on cupric sulphate, i. 12 ; precipitation of copper by, i. 209 ; usetl in precipita- tion of copper, i. 241 ; action on silver, i. 457 ; manufactured from calcination products of zinc blende, ii. 81 Sulphuric acid, action on copper, i. 7 ; action on cuprous oxide, i. 8 ; result of electrolysis of copper sulphides and, i. 1 1 ; utilisation of gases from copper ores for manufacture of, i. 27 ; a product of calcination of copi>er ores in shaft furnaces, i. 44, 52; pyritesbumersusedin manufac- ture of, i. 45-47 ; muffle furnaces for manufacture of, i. 83, 128, 129 ; manufacture of, at Mansfeld, i. 155 ; manufactured from theRammelsberg copper ores, i. 156 ; used for lixivia- tiou of copper, i. 199-200 ; manufac- tured from gases of calcined ores at Oker, i. 226, 226 ; usetl in electroly- sis of copper slimes, i. 263 ; action on lead, i. 276 ; action on silver, i. 467 ; extraction of zinc oxide with, i. 560 ; extraction of silver from GENERAL INDEX 727 argentiferous copper by means of, i. 603-610; action on gold, i. 753; gold parting by, i. 853 873 ; pre- paration of allov, i. 855-858 ; solution of silver with, i. 858-862 ; treatment for gold with, i. 862-866 ; extrac- tion of silver by, i. 866-873 ; action on zinc, ii. 5 ; works for manufacture of at Chropaczow, ii. 76 ; extraction of zinc by, ii. 196 ; action on cad- mium, ii. 242, 249 ; action on mer- cury, ii. 251 ; action on bismuth, ii. 348 ; used in extraction of bismuth, ii. 365 ; action on tin, ii. 376 ; used in the purification of tinstone, ii. 382, 390 ; action on antimony, ii. 431 ; on arsenic, ii. 472 ; on nickel, ii. 499 ; on cobalt, ii. 597 ; on aluminium, ii. 628 Sulphuric anhydride, manufacture of at Freiberg and Stolberg, ii. 75 Sulu-furnaces for smelting calcined copper ores, i. 96*, 97, 120, 124 Sumpf-ofen, the, i. 93, 95, 98, 355 ; used for smelting nickel ores, ii. 524 Sutton's process of gold chlorination, i. 815 ; of precipitation, i. 819 Svanberg, analysis of Califomian crude platinum, ii. 617 Swindell, proposal for improvement in zinc extraction, ii. 185 Sylvanite, i. 758 Syphon, invented by Steitz, used in castinc; refined lead, i. 454*, 455* Syphon tap, the, in lead smelting fur- naces, i. 356-358 Talbot, on large American copper cal- ciners, i. 71 Tambourin and Lemaire, method of ex- traction of arsenic from residues of coal tar colours, ii. 495 Tamm, on purification of bismuth from arsenic, ii. 370 ; from copper, ii. 371 ; from sulphur, ii. 371 Tapping process, or mechanical Pattin- sonising, i. 511-514 Tarnowitz process of extraction of lead by air reduction, i 289, 2<K), 303-306 ; furnaces for, at Friedrichshiitte, i. 3<J4*-306 Tartar emetic, ii. 435 Taylor, Alfred, on impurities in com- mercial zinc, ii. 4 Taylor mine, the, ores for production of zinc white found at, ii. 226 Teichmann, on hand-Pattinsonising, i. 511 7i Telluride of bismuth, ii. 352 Tellurium, action of, on copper, i. 4 ; effect on gold, i. 753 ; compounds of, with gold, i. 758 ; graphic tellurium, i. 758 ; white tellurium, i. 758 ; treatment of telluride gold ores, i. 827, 828 Tennant, on pro<luction of chloride of copper in dry way, i. 220 Tephroite, zinc white produced from, ii. 226 Teraillon, on converters u.sed at works of Jeres Lanteira in Spain, i. 165 n Terhune, on Briickner's furnace for roast- ing lead ores, i. 339 ; for roasting lead matte, i. 383 Tetradymite, see Telluride of bismuth Tetrahedrite, see Fahl ore Teuber, on composition of mercurial soot at Idria, ii. 330 n Tharsis Sulphur and Copper Co., muffle furnaces used for production of copper chloride, i. 233, 234*, 235 Thenard's blue, ii. 600, 613 Thenot, his amalgamator, i. 801 Theophilus, see Roger Theophrastus, on the Almaden cinnabar deposits, ii. 256 Theresia works, Silesia, the charge for zinc-distillation at, ii. 161 ; com- position of zinc fumes from, ii. 184 Thies process of gold chlorination, i. 816, 817 Thiollier, on composition of gamierite, ii. 509 Thompson, Lewis, on parting of gold with chlorine gas, i. 847 Thomson, J. , on removal of copper from nickel matte, ii. 550 Thiirach, on purification of bismuth from arsenic, ii. 370 Thum, on heap-burning of calamine, ii. 22 ; on burning calamine in shaft- furnaces, ii. 22 n; in reverberatory furnaces, ii. 27 n ; on barytes in zinc blende, ii. 36 ; on calcining zinc blende, ii. 44 n ; his furnaces heated by waste heat from reduction fur- naces, ii. 48 ; gas-fired furnace de- signed by, ii. 122, 123 n Tichenor, his amalgamator, i. 801 Tiegelofen, the, i. 93-95 Tierra Seca machine, for gold washing, i. 762, 763 Tierras furnaces for mercury extraction, ii. 301, 302*, 303 Tile-ore, i. 13 Tin, action on copper, i. 3 ; action on cuprous sulphicle, i. 1 1 ; smelting of copper ores containing, i. 147, 148 ; precipitation of copper by, i. 205, 206 ; action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 261 effect on gold, i. 753 ; reduction of in gold-refining, i. 855 ; present in com- mercial zinc, ii. 3j action with 728 GENERAL INDEX zinc sulphide, ii. 10 ; treatment of alloys of bismuth and, ii. 365 physical properties, ii. 374, 375 ; chemi- cal properties of, and of compounds, ii, 375-378 ; alloys of, ii. 378 ; ores of, ii. 378-380 extraction in the dry way, ii. 380-422 ; from tinstone, ii. 380-413 ; purifi- cation of tinstone from injurious impurities, ii. 381-383 ; roasting tin ore, ii. 383-384 tt seq. ; roasting in furnaces with fixed chambers, ii. 384-386 ; partly movable chambers, ii. 386-388 ; movable chambers, ii. 388-390; treatment of roasted ore, ii. 390 ; removal of tungsten from roasted ore, ii. 390-392; reduction of tin ore, ii. 392-410; in rever- l)eratory furnaces, ii. 394-399; in Straits Settlements, ii. 399-400; reduction in shaft furnaces, ii. 400- 410; tin-iron alloys, ii. 407; ex- traction of tin from metallurgical products, ii. 410-413 renning of tin, ii. 413-418 ; by liquation, ii. 414 ; by English method, ii. 414- 416 ; by tossing, ii. 416 ; by filtration, ii. 416, 417 ; methods of working up refinery dross, ii. 417, 418 extraction of from skimmings and bye- products, ii. 418-422; tin cuttings, ii. 422 extraction in the wet way, ii. 422-424 extraction of tin by electrolysis, ii. 424-429 alloys of antimony and, ii. 436, 437 alloys of aluminium and, ii. 632 Tin powder, see Abstrich ; pyrites, ii. 380; slags, treatment of, ii. 4J0- 413; stream-, ii. 378; treatment of, ii. 382 ; wood-, ii. 379 Tinstone, localities of, ii. 378, 379 ; ex- traction of tin from, ii. 380-413 {me under Tin) Tina, the, in Patio process, i. 642, 643* Tina amalgamation, i. 700^702 Tintin process of silver extraction, i. 614 Tom, used in gold- washing, i. 761 Ton, the, used in America, i. 164 n Topetti, on electrolysis of copper matte, i.258 Torta, in Patio process, i. 631, 632*; chemical reactions in, i. 637-642 Toughening of refined copper, i. 171, 180, 181 {see alw Hamniergaar- machen) Tough-poling, nee Poling Tower-condenser for arsenious acid, ii. 485*, 486 Trapiche, see Chilian Mill Treadwell mill, Douglas Island, stamp mills at, i. 787 ; calcination of gold ore, i. 808 ; chlorination of gold ore, i. 812 Tri-silicates, fomiation of, in smelting calcined copper ores, i. 89 Troost, on chemical reactions of silver oxide, i. 459 ; on volatility of zinc, ii. 2 ; on the boiling point of cad- mium, ii. 241 Troostite, see Willemite Tubal kain works, the, near Remagen, English process of copper smelting at, i. 152, 153 ' Tube furnace, for reduction of antimony, ii. 441 Tulloch ore-feeders, i. 776, 779 Tungsten, eflTect on tin, ii. 375 ; separa- tion from tin, ii. 382, 383, 390-392 Tungstite, in tin ore, ii. 382 Twelve Apostles Co. , the, Ruda, i. 793 Type-metal, a lead-antimony alloy, ii. 436 U Ulke, T., on refining nickel matte, ii. 543 n, 544 n Ullmannite, ii. 508 Unger, experiments for solution of copper by ferrous chloride, i. 202 United Verde Copper Co., the, treatment of oxidised ores in works of, i. 168, 169 Uslar, on Patio process, i. 637 Utica mine, California, Mac Arthur- Forrest gold-extraction process, i. 837, 841 Valenciennes, on extraction of bismuth from bismuth-glance, ii. 358 Vanadlnite, i. 283 Vapart mills, used for grinding zinc ores, ii. 90, 107 Vautin's process of gold chlorination, i, 816 Velasco, Pedro Fernandez de, on the Patio process, i. 625 Verbleiung, i. 763 Verdigris, produced by carbon dioxide on copper, i. 6 Victor- Friedrichs works, Alexisbad, lead smelting at, i. 410 ; refining blick- silber at, i. 596 Victoria works, the, Silesia, -production of copper-nickel alloys at, ii. 547 ; extraction of nickel from roasted matte, ii. 582, 585 Vieille Montagne Co., the reverberatory furnaces for burning calamine used by, ii. 27, 28* ; furnaces for calcining zinc blende, ii. 46, 49*; zinc-distilla- tion furnaces used by, ii. 126, 146 ; loss of zinc in distillation, ii^ 171 GENERAL INDEX 729 yienna Mill, Idaho, pan-amalgamation at, i 697 VioUe, on melting point of copper, i. 2 ; on melting point of gold, i. 752 ; on volatility of zinc, ii. 2 ; on melting point ofplatinum, ii. 614 Vitriol green, used in heap-roasting of copper fines, i. 37, 52, 213 Vivian^s Copper Works, near Swansea, methods of smelting, i. 152; con- verter process in use at, i. 166 ; im- purities in zinc from, ii. 3 ; furnaces tor zinc-distillation used by, ii. 114*, 115*, 116 Mandeeren's tin smelting furnace, ii. 403, 404, 412 ** V" method of copper heap-roasting, i. 34 Vogel furnace, i. 351, 364 Vogel, A>, on reactions of silver chloride, i. 461, 462 ; on Auffustin process, i. 709 ; on the methoa of antimony ex- traction at Lixa, Portugal, ii. 470 Volatilising roasting of antimony glance, ii. 449 Vortmann, method of cobalt extraction, ii. 608 Vortmann and Spitzer, on extraction of tin by electrolysis, ii. 425, 426 W Wad, occurrence of, ii. 599 Wagner, on extraction of gold by bro- mine, i. 827 ; on the melting point of cadmium, ii. 241 ; on Silesian cadmium, ii. 246; on extraction of mercury in the wet way, ii. 343 ; on refining nickel matte, ii. 542 Wallridge, on extraction of tin by elec- trolysis, ii. 425, 426 Wall Street Mine, the, California, native mercury in, ii. 255 Walther-Kroneck Works, the, at Schop- pinitz, Tarnowitz process of lead extraction at, i. 303, 306 Walz-raffinad, i. 194, 197 Washing, extraction of gold by, i. 760- 763 Washoe process of silver extraction, i. 647-673 ; crushing of ores, i. 649- 654 ; treatment of powdered ore in pans, i. 654-662 ; separation of amalgam, i. 663-665 ; treatment of amalgam, i. 665-670; treatment of ores after amalgamation, i. 670-673 ; modifications of Washoe process, i. 673 tt seq. Water-jacket furnaces, i. 90 ; American, i. 92, 101-103 ; improvement in by Herreshof, i. 92; consumption of water by, i. 102 ; in use in Arizona and New Mexico, L 168 ; for letid VOL. II smelting, L 358. 359*, 360*, 361*- 363* Weathering copper ores for transforma- tion of sulphide into sulphate, i. 210 Webster's process of alumina manufac- ture, ii. 640 Webster Mining and Milling Co., Marys- vale, combination process of silver extraction at, i. 674 Wedding, on nickel refining, ii. 596 Wedding and Ulrich, on production of chloride of copper in dry way, i. 221 Weiller, on electric conductivity of zinc, ii. 2 Weissglas manufacture, i. 387 Welders magneto-electric machine, used in extraction of copper from its alloys, i. 260 Weldon process for making chloride of lime, ii. 579; process of chlorine manufacture, ii. 640, 641 Wellner*s stall, for copper roasting, i. 43* ; for lead-ore roasting, i. 328, 388 ; for roasting lead matte, i. 383, 408 Wellner- Vogel furnace, formerly used at Freiberg, i. 365, 366* Welsh furnace, for copper smelting, i. 132*, 133*, 138; calcming coarse metal in, i. 139, 140; smelting coarse metal in, i. 141 ; for smelting white metal, i. 144, 145*, 146-151 Werkblei, see Work -lead UTider Lead Werren, on solubility of pure zinc in acids, li. 5 Werther, on purification of bismuth from arsenic, ii. 370 Westinghouse euKine, St. Louis Works furnished with, i. 874 Westmann, proposal for improvement in zinc extraction, ii. 185 n Wetherill urates, used in retort-distilla- tion ofzinc, ii. 103, 111 e^ ^eg.-, 128 ; his furnaces and method of pro- duction of zinc white, ii. 227*, 228*, 229* et 8tq. Wetdar, his TierraSeca machine for gold- washing, i. 762, 763; on Augustin process, i. 708 Wharton, his process of nickel refining, ii. 592 Wheeler pans, used in Washoe process, i. 656*, 657* ; used in gold amalga- mation in Mysore, i. 796 White furnace, the, for copper ex- traction, i. 81*, 82 ; for roasting lecMi ores, i. 339 ; for chloridising roasting silver ores, i. 684*, 698 White metal, in copper refining, pro- duction of, i. 18 ; treatment of in German process of copper smelting, i. 24; smelting coarse metal for production of, i. 140 ; smelting for 3 B 730 GENERAL INDEX coarse copper, i. 143-146 ; by Welsh process, i. 144, 145^, 146 ; composi- tion of, i. 146 ; composition of special, i. 150 ; an antimony- tin alloy, li. 436, 506 White slag metal, i. 150 White Pine Mine, the, Nevada^ Boss process of silver extraction at, i. 675 Widnes, Liverpool, Claudet's process at, i. 739 Wiedemann, on thermal conductivity of silver, i. 456 ; of gold, i. 753 ; of zinc, ii. 2 Wiedemann and Franz, on thermal con- ductivity of lead, i. 275 ; of tin, ii. 375 Wiggin and Co., nickel refining by, ii. 695 Wilhelmina Zinc Works, Silesia, Dag- ner's adapters at, ii. 136 el 9eq. ; Siemens' gas furnaces at, ii. 160 ; charge for distillation, ii. 161 ; loss of zinc in distillation, ii. 171 ; zinc refining, ii. 182 Willemite, localities of, ii. 15 ; zinc white produced from, ii. 226 Williams, on the Carinthian process of lead extraction in Missouri, i. 295 n ; on the water-cooled American hearth for lead extraction, i. 314 n Winkler, on barrel-amalgamation, i.689 n, 692 n et atq. ; on cementation, i. 846 ; on neutralisation of sulphur acids from calcination of zinc blende, ii. 59; his method of extraction of arsenical products from residues of ' coal tar colours, ii. 495 ; on com- pounds of platinum, ii. 615 Wittichenite, tite Copper-Bismuth glance Wochenite, ii. 634 Wohler, on extraction of aluminium, ii. 637 Wohlfahrt, on chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 8 Wohlwill, method of extraction of copper from its alloys, i. 260 WolfiPs engine, used in electrolysis of zinc, ii. 216 Wolfram, in tin ore, ii. 382, 392 Wolfsbergite, ii. 437 WoUaston, on extraction of platinum, ii. 621 Wood, on the melting point of cadmium, ii. 241 ; on alloys of bismuth, ii. 351 Woodworth Mill, Washoe process at, i. 671, 672 Worcester Gold Mining Co., Transvaal, Mac Arthur-Forrest gold-extraction process at, i. 839 Woulfs bottles, used in extraction of zinc oxides, i. 558, 559* Wtillner and Bettendorff, on specific heat of arsenic, ii. 471 Wurz, on the Deville aluminium prooera, ii. 640 Wulfenite, occurrence of, i. 283 Wyott, on extraction of platinum, ii- 623 Xenophon, lead slags from Laurium dating from time of, i. 420 Youn^ood, on production of refined nickel matte, li. 549 Zeehan and Dundas Smelting Works, the, Tasmania, lead smelting procesB at, i. 412 Ziervogel process of desilverisation, i. 153, 740-749 ; of kupferschiefer, 154, 155, 182, 197 Zinc, action on copper, i. 3 ; on cuprous sulphide, i. 11 ; on cupric sulphate, i. 12 ; on cuprous chloride, i. 12 ; on cupric chloride, i. 12, 13 ; present in copper pyrites, i. 26, 29; muffle fur- naces for calcination of, i. 85; re- duction of in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 87, 88, 91 ; action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 262, 263 in lead ores, effect on the roasting and reduction process, i. 320 ; on smelt- ing process, i. 341-343, 346 ; special furnaces for lead ores rich in, i. 354 ; in various lead ores, i. 386 et «eq. ; elimination of, in refining lead, i. 431 et €eq, ; desilverisation of lead by, i. 434 alloy of silver and, i. 465; deailver- ising by means of, i. 519-522 ; pro- duction of silver-lead-zinc alloy from argentiferous lead, i. 522-601 ; desilverising process, i. 528-533; liquation of zinc scums, i. 533-538 ; treatment of desilverised lead, i. 538-539; production of rich lead from zinc alloy, i. 539 et .veg. ; dis- tillation of zinc scums, i. 540-548 ; smelting rich scums, i. 548, 549; cupellation of rich scums, i. 549; melting zinc scums, i. 549 ; oxidation of zinc by steam, i. 550-552 ; lixivi- ation of oxides, i. 552, 563 ; extrac- tion of zinc oxide by ammonium carbonate, i. 553-560 ; by sulphuric acid, i. 560, 561 ; combined pattinsop and zinc desilverising processes, i. GENERAL INDEX 731 561 ; production of zinc-silver alloy from work-lead, i. 561-566 ; cupella- tion of argentiferous lead, i. 666- 596 ; refining, i. 506-601 ; extraction of silver by silver-lead alloy, i. 601 et Htq. eflfect on gold, i. 753, 755 ; used in ex- traction of gold from auriferous lead, i. 763 ; reduction of in gold-refining, i. 855 physical properties, ii. 1-4 ; impurities m various kinds of commercial zinc, ii. 3, 4 ; chemical properties, ii. 4-6 ; chemical reactions of zinc compound.**, ii. 6-13; alloys of zinc, ii. 11, 12; zinc ores, ii. 13-15; metallurgical products, i. 15 ; methods of extrac- tion, ii. 15-17 ; purification of zinc, ii. 17 EXTRACTION OF ZINC IN THE DRY WAY, ii. 17-196 ; from ores, ii. 17-20 ; pre- paration of ores for i eduction, ii. 20-84 ; crushing ores, ii. 20, 21 ; burning or calcining of calamine, ii. 21-32 ; calcining of zinc blende, ii. 32-84; neutralisation of acids of sulnhur evolved in calcination in re- verberatory furnaces, ii. 52-59 ; re- duction of calcined ores, ii. 84-196 ; process of reduction, ii. 84-88 ; the charge, ii. 88-90 ; vessels used in the process, ii. 90-102; general con- siderations, ii. 102, 103 ; comparison of process of distillation in retorts and in muffles, ii. 103-105 the Belgian method of zinc distillation, ii. 105-130; adapters, ii. 110, 11] ; furnaces,' ii. Ill et seq. ; furnaces fired bjr grates, ii. 112; single fur- naces, li. 112-117; double furnaces, ii. 118, 119 ; furnaces fired by grates and gas, ii. 119, 120; gas-fired fur- naces, ii. 120-124; the charge, ii. 124, 125; process of distillation, ii. 125-126 ; examples of distillation in retort furnaces, ii. 126-130 distillation in muffles, or the Silesian process, ii. 130-173 ; muffles, ii. 130- 133 ; condensers, or adapters, ii 133-143; furnaces for distillation ii. 143-144 ; old Silesian furnaces, ii. 144, 145 ; Belgo-Silesian furnaces, ii. 145-150; gas furnaces, ii. 150-160; the charge, ii. 161 ; process of distil- lation, ii. 161-164 economic results and examples, of muffle distillation, ii. 164-173; old Silesian muffle furnaces, ii. 164 ; Belgo-Silesian furnaces, ii 164-168 ; furnaces with regenerators, ii. 168- 170 ; losses of zinc in retorts and in muffles, ii. 170-173; data for cal- culating cost of distillation, ii. 173 ; extraction of zinc from furnace pro- ducts, ii. 174-184 ; refining zinc, ii. 177-184 experiments and proposals for the im- provement of the dry method of ex- traction, ii. 185-196 ; shaft furnaces, ii. 181-195 ; reverberatory furnaces, ii. 191-192; condensation of zinc vapours from vessels, ii. 192-194; shape and material of vessels, ii. 