None
Greek padrone system in the United States, report on, ii, 387-408. Green County, Wis., cheese industry of, i, 549. Groese Island, near Quebec, formerly Canadian quarantine station, ii, 592. -"T,*» , ™i *•' ""*> A> «u*j IIA toptuii, i, £/», jiuiiiuer 01 House- holds and persons studied, i, 319, 320; wages and earnings, i, 407; in labor unions, i, 418. TT Haik. See Armenian. 11&517C524T Mg1^ letermination of' "' 555' native and foreign born compared, ii, 510- Hall, Henry, author, referred to, ii, 594. irg, Germany: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of imrnigrante from, and number debarred for medical causes, i 202 ib.irg-American Line: Organized, 1846, ii, 594; first steamships, 1856, ii, 594; t turd-class accommodations of, ii 602 .Hamline University St. Paul, Minn., ii, 8. Hammonton, N. J., Italian agricultural colony at i 561 lianna, referred to, on statistics of religions in Ireland, i', 249. Index. 863 Hartford, Conn., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., ii, 8. Hat and cap makers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Haverhill, Mass.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-35, 71, 72, 75; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Havre, France: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Hawaii: Immigration conditions in, report on, i, 695-722; population, i, 700; act to provide government for, ii, 795; effects of annexation, i, 701, 702; early immigra- tion, i, 699-702; recent, i, 702, 703; assisted, i, 703-708; immigration and emigra- tion, i, 708-714; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Portuguese labor imported, i, 629; cost of importing labor, i, 703-705; employees on plantations, i, 715; wages of Russian immigrants, i, 707; passports required of Japanese entering, i, 661; chil- dren in school, i, 714; insane in institutions, ii, 233; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 154; Japanese emigration from, to Pacific coast, i, 660, 661, 701; to Canada, ii, 629; Chinese immigration to, regulated by United States laws, ii, 583, 795; reg- istration of Chinese, ii, 795; Chinese emigration from, to United States, ii, 795; Chinese citizens of, admission to United States, ii, 803; immigration by way of regulation regarding, ii, 779, 780. Hawaiian: Number in Hawaii, i, 700, 713; employees studied, i, 627-636; age classi- fication of charity patients, ii, 286-290; length of residence of students, ii, 84; resi- dence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263-266; on sugar plantations, i, 715; family income, i, 712; charity seekers, ii, 154; . in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; in schools, i, 714; ii, 10-16, 18-27, 76-80. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association: Induced immigration, i, 703, 704; welfare work i, 716. Hayes, Rutherford B., vetoed bill abrogating Burlingame treaty, 1879, ii, 580. Ilayford, Leslie, author of report on immigration and crime, i, 3;* abstract of report, ii, 159-221. Head form of immigrants, changes in, ii, 505-517, 520-522, 525-529, 531-533, 536, 539, 540, 542-545, 549, 553, 554. Head tax: Proposed at various times, ii, 562, 568, 571; legislation, ii, 566-569, 571, 573-576; levied by New York, 1829, ii, 567, 568; by Massachusetts, 1837, ii, 567; references to, in present law, ii, 731, 732, 747, 760, 762, 764, 766, 774, 775, 780; pro- posed amendments, 1906, i, 9, 10; material increase proposed, i, 48; discrimination in favor of men with families, proposed, i, 48; in case of stowaways, ii, 365, 366; not applicable to alien seamen, ii, 355, 357, 358; persons coming from certain places exempt from, i, 231 ; Chinese and other Mongolians, California, 1855 and 1862, ii, 578; Chinese entering Canada, ii, 628. Health, the public, conclusions regarding immigration and, i, 34. Hebrew: Definition, i, 246, 247; objection to use of term, i, 19; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 246, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, • 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 246; causes of emigration, i, 187, 577; number in Holland, i, 232; number in Roumania, i, 263; number in Russian Poland, i, 260; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 640-642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; in agricultural investigation, i, 552-557; age classification, i, 463^67, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 740; ii, 84, 85; permanence of settlement, i, 181; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in agricultural pursuits, i, 39, 575-581; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412-417, 766; income of farmers, i, 579; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275, 277; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; crime, ii, 179-181, 189-193, 211-220; prostitu- tion, ii, 332, 343; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 32^2, 49-61, 64-71, 76-82; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 580, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460, 605; ii, 137-142; changes in bodily form, ii, 505-509, 512, 513, 518-535, 542-545, 549; pubescence of boys, ii, 536-541; variability of type in Europe, ii, 550; treatment of infants, ii, 547; location of wife, i, 459", 460;" home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; siz*e of apartments and 864 The Immigration Commission. in Canada, ii, 611, 625. Hellenic. See Greek. Heredity, theories of, ii, 552, 553. Herkner, Anna, author of report on steerage conditions, i, 3; abstract of report, 11, 291—303 Hervat, definition of term, i, 247. (See also Croatian.) Herzegovina and Bosnia, number of Serbo-Croatians in i,230 .._,___.___ Herzegovinian- Definition, i, 247; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; population in Europe, i, 214; employees studied, i, 320-333 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; 11, 286-290; occupation abroad 'i, 100-102, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; residence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263-266; wages and earnings, 366-403; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects ii 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27; literacy, i, 99, 438^47; English-speak ing, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. (See also Croatian and Dalmatian, Bosnian, and Herzegovinian.) Hickernell, Warren F., assisted in preparation of report on distribution of immi- HiSmann: Estimate of number of Celts, i, 225, 226, 249; of persons speaking various languages, i, 235; division of Aryan stock, i, 218. Higher educational institutions, students in, ii, 76-86. Highland Scotch, definition of term, i, 272. (See also Scotch.) Hill, Joseph A., author of reports on distribution of immigrants, occupations of immi- grants, and fecundity of immigrant women, i, 1, 2, 3; abstracts of reports, i, 119-160, 773^38; ii, 451-500. Hindi, number of persons speaking, i, 234. Hindu: Definition, i, 247, 248; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 625, 676, 677; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; number in Malaysia, i, 258; number and distribution in United States, i, 676, 678; number of households and persons studied, i, 639, 642; employees studied, i, 320- 333, 336-347, 627-636; occupation abroad, i, 100-102; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; occupation, i, 117, 118; laborers, i, 676-679; wages and earnings, i, 670, 678, 680; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 64-66, 76-82; literacy, i, 99, 438^47, 681; English-speaking, i, 681; standard of living, i, 680; return movement, i, 112-118; in Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 676-682; in Hawaii, i, 710, 711; conclusions and recommendations, i, 41, 47, 691; in Canada, i, 676; ii, 611, 623, 625, 629. Hoar, George F., could not support legislation discriminating against race, ii, 584. Hoboken, N. J.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, 152. Holland: Number of Flemish in, i, 233: Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607, 608; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623. (See also Netherlands.) Hollander. See Dutch, Flemish, and Dutch and Flemish. Holyoke, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Home ownership: Various investigations, i, 298-312, 467-470, 728, 756-759; old and new immigration compared, i, 469; sugar-plantation laborers, Hawaii, i, 716, 717. Homes: Care and equipment of, among immigrants in cities, i. 753-755; gainful occu- pation in, immigrants in cities, i, 751, 752. Homes and aid societies, immigrant: Abstract of report on, ii, 305-322; information regarding, furnished to authorities, i, 23; conclusions, i, 30, 31; in Argentina, ii, 642; in Canada, ii, 615, 627. Homesteads: Act of 1862, discussion with regard to immigrants, ii, 564; offered to white laborers, Hawaii, i, 716-719; in Australia, ii, 631; Brazil, ii, 647; Canada, ii, 614, 617. Honolulu, Hawaii: Charity seekers in, ii, 154; average family income, working peo- ple, i, 712. (See also Hawaii.) Hop growing: Chinese labor displaced by Japanese, Pacific coast, i, 658, 659; Japanese seasonal labor, i, 667. Hosiery and knit-goods manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Hospitals: On emigrant-carrying ships, ii, 298, 299, 301, 597, 598; report on charity hospitals, n, 253-290; per capita cost of treatment, ii, 258; law regarding treatment of immigrants, ii,*738, 749, 752-754. Index. 865 Houlton, Me., a justice of, attitude toward contract-labor law, ii, 448. Hours of work: Effects of recent immigrants on, i, 540, 541; longer in bituminous coal mines of Pennsylvania than elsewhere, i, 38; longer than average in Japanese busi- ness establishments, Pacific coast, i, 675; irregular among immigrant bankers, ii, 422; seasonal agricultural laborers, i, 597, 598; Greek bootblacks and peddlers, ii, 394, 395. Households: Selection of, for study, i, 315; schedule forms used, ii, 653-673; number studied, various industries, i, 294, 297-313, 315-317; in cities, i, 727, 732-736; in agricultural investigation, i, 557; in the West, i, 640; study of immigrants in cities, i, 727-772; size of, i, 428^30: farm households studied, i, 601-615, 639; Italian, in agriculture, i, 560. (See also Boarders and lodgers, etc.] Housing conditions: Immigrants in cities, i, 729; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426^30, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 729, 743-747; sanitary con- ditions, i, 729, 753-755; boarding-boss system described, i, 422, 499; among seasonal agricultural laborers, i, 598, 599; Chinese, i, 657; East Indians, i, 680: German- Russians, i, 653, 654; Greeks, ii, 393-395; Hebrews, i, 579; Italians, i. 565, 652; Mexicans, i, 689; Poles, i, 586; Russians in Hawaii, i, 706, 707; conclusions, i, 36, 37. Housekeepers and stewardesses, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Howell, Benjamin F., member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 165. Hucksters and peddlers: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female bread- winners, i, 830-838. Hun, definition of term, i, 248. (See also Magyar.) Hungarian: Immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 825, 834; occupation, i, 825, 834; in agricultural pursuits, i, 800, 825, 834; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 825; in building trades, i, 789, 825; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 814, 825, 834; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 834; in cotton mills, i, 825, 834; in domestic and personal service, i, 805, 825, 834; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 825; laborers, i, 781, 825; in laundries, i, 834; in manufacturing and mechan- ical pursuits, i, 825, 834; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 825; in needle trades, i, 809, 834; in paper and pulp mills, i, 834; peddlers, i, 825, 834; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 825, 834; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 794, 817, 825, 834; in silk mills, i, 834; steam railroad employees, i, 825; teachers, i, 819, 834; in textile mills, i, 787, 811, 825, 834; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 825, 834; in trade and transportation, i, 825,834; in woolen mil Is, i, 834; insanity and mental defects, ii,244, 249; fecundity, ii, 469-482, 494-500; changes in bodily form, ii, 510, 511, 518-524, 526; desertion of seamen, ii, 361 ; in Canada, ii, 611, 626. (See also Magyar.) Hungary: Provinces of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; number of Germans in, i, 242; Gypsies, i, 245; Roumanians, i, 263; Slovaks, i, 277; illiteracy, i, 177; insanity, ii, 248, 249; law forbids promotion of emigration, i, 191; local supervision prevents many of excludable classes from emigrating, i, 196; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347. (See al o Austria-Hungary.) Hungary and Bohemia, insanity and feeble-mindedness among natives of. in United States, ii, 239-242. Hungary Hollow, 111., a representative immigrant community, i, 496. Hunky. See Magyar. Hunyak. See Magyar. Husband, W. W.: Secretary of Immigration Commission, i. ]2. Huxley, classification of races by, i, 218, 224, 256, 257. I. Iberians, immigration and emigration of, Hawaii, i, 710, 711. Iceland: Population, i, 270; number of Scandinavians in, i, 271; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607. (See also Scandinavia.) Icelander: Number of employees studied, i, 627-636; charity seekers, ii, 95-108; in Canada, ii, 611, 626. Idaho: Population and number of foreign-born, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; citizen- ship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Identification: See Certificates. Illinois: Population and number of foreign-born, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizen- ship, i, 150, 152; Hebrews in, i, 247, 576; Polish farmers, i, 583; Greek peddlers, ii, 393, 394; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Middle West); immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; emigration to Canada, ii, 617; immigrant banks, ii, 414, 435; no regulation of private or immigrant banking, ii, 435. 866 The Immigration Commission. Illiteracy: Defined, i, 156; in Europe, i, 175-178; in Italy, i, 251; among Greek peasantry, ii. 402; among Slovaks, i, 276; in Norway, the least in Europe, i, 269; among United States recruits, i, 177; Europe and United States compared, i, 177. 178; among immigrants, i, 98-100, 498; largely responsible for immigrant banks, ii, 417; employees in industries studied, i, 298-313, 438-447; Greek bootblacks, ii, 396; East Indians, i, 681; Mexicans, i, 689, 690; Australian law, ii, 633-635; New Zealand, ii, 637, 638. (See also Literacy.) Illyrian. See Croatian and Slovenian. Immigrant banks. See Banks, immigrant. Immigrant fund, referred to, i, 9; ii, 731, 748. Immigrant homes and aid societies. See Homes and aid societies, immigrant. Immigrant stations, treatment of incoming aliens at, ii, 309-318. Immigration to United States: Changed character of, i, 13, 60-65; from Canada, ii, 618, 619; Federal Government assumed control of, 1882, i, 26; no efforts by Gov- ernment to induce, i, 25; promotion of, prohibited, i, 189; to be limited, proposed, i, 47, 48. (See also Aliens admitted.) Immigration and emigration compared, i, 113, 114. Immigration Commission: Creation of, i, 9-11; ii, 576, 742; brief statement of investi- gations, i, 5-21; membership, i, 11, 12; organization, i, 12; conclusions, i, 23-44; recommendations, i, 45-48; views of minority, i, 49. Immigration districts, list of, ii, 778, 779, 813, 814. Immigration law: Federal immigration legislation, abstract of report on, ii, 557-584; law of 1907, as amended 1910, ii, 731-744; white-slave traffic act, ii, 744-747; immi- gration regulations, ii, 747-780; to whom applicable, ii, 748, 749; excluded classes, ii, 327-329, 619-621, 732, 733; aliens debarred, i, 110; emigration prevented, i, 170; direct Federal control granted, i, 110; foreign Governments willing to cooperate, i, 28; legislation of 1907, i, 194; ii, 575-577; inadequate as regards criminals, i, 27, 34; as regards padrone system, ii, 406; evasions and violations, ii, 330, 331, 357, 361, 363, 364, 400, 401, 570-572; references to advertising, ii, 734; anarchists, ii, 732, 742; appeals, ii, 735, 740, 750, 751, 758, 800; assisted immigrants, ii, 732; boards of special inquiry, ii, 740, 756, 763; bond, ii, 738, 740, 751, 756, 757, 771, 800, 808, 815; Canal Zone, inspection of aliens from, ii, 741; children unaccompanied by parent, ii 732 749; Chinese, ii, 578-584, 800, 808; Commissioner-General, duties of, ii, 739, 741- contract labor, i, 110; ii, 375-379, 569-572, 732-734, 739; coolies, ii, 578; criminals, i, 27, 34; ii, 732, 793; deportation, 733, 737-739, 741, 762, 763, 769-774 787 788 790-792, 794, 800, 811-813; disease, i, 194; ii, 732, 734, 752, 773; emigrants, lists of outgoing, 11, 735, 736, 762; hospital treatment, ii, 738, 749, 752-754; Immigration Commission, ii, 742; insanity and mental defects, ii, 227 229 245-247 251 732 £S' ™' II*' JSP6?*0*' "' 737' 749' 787' 799> 80°; insular possessions, ii,' 736^ 779, 780, 796, 803; international conference, ii, 743; labor i 661- ii 399 733 ( •to contract labor -above); manifests, ii, 735, 736, 762, 769, 787; medical examh fiMii ii 7 </ v.^V v*\Q • t-M/-\^-»4-rt1 «]<£*»»_J_ / •_ *, i. •. Indian, Spanish, children in public schools, ii, 10-16. Indian Territory: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109. Indiana: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Middle West); Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Polish farmers, i, 583; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Indianapolis, Ind.: Immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigrant banks ii, 413. Indo-Celtic, -European, -Germanic. See Aryan. Induced immigration: Report on, ii, 371-386; prohibited, i, 25; law regarding, ii, 376, 377; conclusions, i, 29; law encouraging immigration, 1864, ii, 564, 565; favored farms, i, 590; from Japan, i, 662; westward, i, 621; from Philippines to Hawaii, i, 704, 705; board to promote white settlement, Hawaii, i, 702-708; to Argentina, ii, 639; Australia, ii, 631; Canada, i, 192; ii, 607-610; South America, i, 192 Industrial Commission, investigation by, ii, 574. Industrial communities, various, described, i, 495-497. Industrial condition abroad. See Occupation abroad. Industrial depression, effects of, i, 179-181, 188. (See also Financial depression of 1907-8.) Industrial organization and methods, effects of recent immigration on, i, 538-540. Industrial significance of recent immigration, i, 491-541. Industries, immigrants in. See Manufacturing and mining. Information, Division of, Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, i, 40, 46; ii, 575, 743. Inman Line, inaugurated third-class or steerage accommodations, 1850, ii, 594. Insane: Report on immigration and insanity, ii, 223-251; excluded, ii, 569, 619, 620; law regarding, ii, 732, 738, 752, 773; in United States and foreign countries, ii, 248, 249; immigration, i, 28; ii, 245, 246; in hospitals and institutions, ii, 230, 232- 237, 239, 240; treated in certain New York hospitals, ii, 238, 247, 267, 268, 270-274, 276-279, 282, 285, 290; excluded from Australia, ii, 633, 634; Brazil, ii, 647; Canada, ii, 619, 620, 625; New Zealand, ii, 637. Inspection: Abroad — Recommendations of Native American Association, 1838, ii, 562; of joint committee, 1892, ii, 572; 1907, ii, 576; of Bureau of Immigration, i, 201; President authorized to provide for, i, 11, 28; prevents emigration of great numbers of diseased aliens, i, 34, 197; account of, i, 193-204; by whom conducted, i, 197, 198; rejections, i, 110, 195, 199; by steamship companies, i, 26, 195, 196, by United States officials, i, 26, 27, 195, 203, 204; of alien seamen, ii, 357, 760; 'control stations on German frontier, i, 195, 196; East Indians rejected at Asiatic ports, i, 677; methods in Belgium, i, 195; Greece, i, 196; Hungary, i, 196; Italy, i, 195, 196. At Canadian ports, ii, 623, 626. At United States ports — Inauguration of, i, 110, 194; law regarding, ii, 737, 749, 752, 753, 787, 799, 800; under law of 1891, i, 194; ii, 571; effective in excluding diseased aliens, i, 34; alien seamen, ii, 355, 362; proportion debarred after inspection abroad, i, 195, 202-204; history of, i, 194. (See also Aliens debarred, etc.) Inspectors, Government, should be placed on all vessels carrying third-class or steer- age passengers, i, 46. Insular possessions, immigration law regarding, ii, 736, 779, 780, 796, 803. Intermarriage: Possible effect on change of type, ii, 550, 551; type of heredity in, ii, 552; Japanese and white races, Pacific coast, i, 676; Mexican and white races, i, 690. International agreements for regulation of immigration, possible, i, 166. International conference on subject of immigration to United States, President author- ized to call, i, 10; ii, 743. Interstate commerce in prostitutes, prohibited, ii, 577, 744-747. Investigations, immigration: Earliest congressional, 1838, ii, 562; Senate select com- mittee, steerage conditions, 1853, ii, 593; under Secretary of Treasury, steerage con- ditions, 1873, ii, 596; joint congressional committee, Chinese question, 1876-7, ii, 868 The Immigration Commission. Investigators, in guise of immigrants, shouldt be sent across ocean at intervals by Bureau of Immigration, i, 46. Iowa: "- ---'• 10" 10 Iranians, number in Persia, i, 259 Ireland natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-miridedness, ii, 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Iron and steel manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 297, 298; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333; male breadwinners engaged in, i, 783- 329; earnings i, 384-386, 390-392, 394; fewer skilled and specialized employees than formerly, i, 495; Japanese in plant at Pueblo Colo i 664 in I™ mmmg: H°U8enolds and employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333; earn- I wraelite .' See Hebrew. 01? I"*!' \ '•' C ?' of \ ^1°* charitv Patients, ii, 286-290; length of resi- udents, ii 84 85; length of residence of charity patients, ii, 263-266, ?^U^Qer^9 fetad^n?er8' ij 559' 778' 803' 826' 835; in agricultural pur- suite, i, 39, 559, 562-565, 567-575, 651, 652, 800, 826, 835; in boot Ind shoe manu- Index. 869 facturing, i, 826; in building trades, i, 789, 826; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 811, 826, 835; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 835; in cotton mills, i, 826, 835; and pulp mills, i, 835; peddlers, i, 826, 835; in professional service, i, 797,' 798, 826, 835; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 794, 817, 826, 835; in silk mills, i, 835; steam railroad employees, i, 826; teachers, i, 819, 835; in textile mills, i, 787, 811, 826, 835; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 826, 835; in trade and transportation, i, 826, 835; in woolen mills, i, 835; wages and earnings, i, 670, 686, 687; immigrant banks, ii, 413; padrone system, i, 29; ii, 391, 392; exploitation, ii, 406; in charity hospitals, ii, 258- 262, 270-275, 278; insanity and mental defects, ii, 238, 244, 249, 270; crime, ii-, 164, 173, 174, 179, 181, 189-193, 198-204, 211-221; in schools, ii, 76-82; fecundity, ii, 457- 482, 494-500; changes in bodily form of Sicilians and Neapolitans, ii, 505-545; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 514; immigrants to Hawaii, i, 702; in Canada, ii, 611, 625, 626; immigrants to Argentina, ii, 640-641; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. Italian, North: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 639-642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-167, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^63,477^81, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762, 826, 835; in agricultural pur- suits, i, 799, 800; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 685, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii,332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33^2, 49-55, 64-71; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484^89, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417^19; con- jugal condition, i, 447-460, 605; ii, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. [talian, South: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 639-642, 733-737; employees studied, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172,173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762, 826, 835; in agricultural pur- suits, i, 594, 595, 799, 800; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 685, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; crime, ii, 174, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33^2, 49-55, 64-72; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447^60, 605; ii, 137-142; changes in bodily form, ii, 505; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; per- sons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463. Italian emigration law, prohibits issuing of passports to criminals subject to exclusion from United States, i, 28, 870 The Immigration Commission. * a, 6*5, ™, ™ ™, number of French in, 1,240,251; Gypsies,!, 245; Italians, i, 252; Albanians, Greeks, Slavs and Spaniards, i, 151; illiteracy, i, 177, 251; crime and secret organizations, i 251- insanity, ii, 248, 249; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; investigations in by Royal Italian Agricultural Commission, i, 165; solicitation of emigration by steamship ticket agents prohibited,!, 191; endeavors to prevent emigration to United States of excludable persons, i, 193; penal certificates, ii, 221; medical examination of emigrants i 195' steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599, 600, 601; Government super- vision of ships at sea, ii, 602; emigration from, i, 184, 252; rejected immigrants may claim damages from steamship company, i, 197; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; immigrants from 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 1'34, 136, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463--167; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438^47; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. J. Jacksonville, Fla., deserting seamen at port of, ii, 360. Jamaica. See West Indies, number of immigrants from. Jamaican, immigrants to Canada, ii, 612. Janitresses, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Janopoulos and Manetas Bros., promoters of Greek shoe-shining parlors, ii, 398. Japan: Population and distribution, i, 253; religions, i, 253; agreement with United States regarding immigration, i, 41; ii, 584; discourages emigration to United States, ii, 584; agreement with Canada, ii, 623; immigrant remittances to, ii, 427; immi- grants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 623; in city employments in the West, i, 672; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; literacy, i, 438-447. Japanese: Definition, i, 253; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 253, 660; proportion of males, i, 98, 662; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; number and distribution, i, 253; number in United States, i, 624, 655, 660; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 553, 557, 601, 639-642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 662, 663, 676; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 357-363, 607, 608; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 477-481, 610, 613; ii, 263-266; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 364, 658, 663, 664; in agricultural pursuits, i, 591, 592, 667, 672; in business for self, i, 673, 674; in canneries, i, 658; in city employments, i, 672; in domestic and personal service, i, 673; laborers, i, 659, 661, 666; in sugar- beet fields, i, 594, 687, 688; displacements, i, 594, 659, 667-669; strike breakers, i, I; wages and earnings, i, 407, 646, 658, 665, 670, 678, 683; cost of laborers' eub- iistence, i, 675; charity seekers, ii, 93-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; prostitution, ii, 332, 337, 338, 346; in U/'hrt/tle 11 lfk_1ft 1C O7 fiA fia no Of\. lit- ._ • r\r\ snr, A A*, „-, f^ n-. n, -r-i -i • 1 >oi, tm, ii, o//; eligible classes, i, 661; legislation, i, 661; ii, 757, 758; in Pacific and Rocky Mountain States, i, 660-676; ii, 415; in Hawaii, i, 699-703, 709-717; «"S!52? S£SS°^£ti™' jfe?1. .47; schedule forms used in investigation, >80, 681; in Canada, i, 661; n, 611, 623, 626, 628, in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, Japhetic. See Aryan. Java, population of, i, 233. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa , ii 8 iks, Jeremiah W., member of Immigration Commission, i 12 Hebrew m male P°Pulation> *> 1515 citizenship, i, 152. Aid Societv of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., ii, 8, Index. 871 Johnstown, Pa., public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-35, 75. Joliet, 111.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Juvenile immigration to Canada, ii, 615. K. Kalamazoo, Mich., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Kalliontzis, Const., Greek physician in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Kansas: Act organizing Territory of, referred to, ii, 564; foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; insane in, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of banking, ii, 435; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Southwest); immigrants destined to, i, 105-109. Kansas City, Mo.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrant banks, ii, 413. Kaplanis, S. I., party to Greek loan contract, ii, 407, 408. Kaplanis Bros.: Convicted of violating contract-labor law, ii, 406; parties to Greek loan contract, ii, 407. Keane, classification of races by, i, 211, 223-225, 257, 281. Keltic. See Celtic. Kenrick Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. Kentucky: Foreign-born in, i, 127,129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; few immigrants in bituminous coal mining, i, 505, 506; peonage, ii, 445; no regulation of private or immigrant banks, ii, 435. Key West, Fla., deserting seamen at port of, ii, 360. Kindergartens, children of various races in, ii, 24-26. King, W. L. Mackenzie, Canadian Minister of Labor, ii, 627, 629. Know-Nothing movement, ii, 562-564. Korea, number of Japanese in, i, 253. Korean: Definition, i, 253; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 253; exclusion of, i, 691; ii, 577; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous resi- dence, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; number of households and persons studied, i, 642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636^ occupation abroad, i, 100- 102; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84; on sugar plantation, i, 715; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237; in schools, i, 714; ii, 10-16, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; return movement, i, 112-118; in Hawaii, i, 701, 702, 709-711; law regarding immigration, i, 661; ii, 757, 758; recommendation, i, 47. Koutsoufanis, L. M., Greek steamship agent, ii, 382. Krainer. See Slovenian. Kruszka, Waclaw, writer, quoted, i, 581-583. Kurds, number in Persia, i, 259. Labor, demand for, during Civil War, ii, 565. Labor, skilled: Definition of term, ii, 758; recommendations, i, 47; imported to establish industries, i, 541; in plate glass manufacture, i, 519-523, 525, 526; in Pat- erson silk mills, i, 529; may be imported if not available in United States, i, 29, 47; ii, 377, 381, 621; law regarding, ii, 733; immigrants reporting occupation as, 1899- 1910, i, 100-102, 172-174; Chinese, excluded for ten years by law of 1882, ii, 580; bonus paid by Canada for, ii, 608; imported to Hawaii, i, 706; Japanese in Hawaii, i, 716. Labor, unskilled: Definition of term, ii, 758; conclusions and recommendations, i, 37- 39,47; induced immigration of, i, 189; ii, 381-386; immigrants reporting occupation as, 1899-1910, i, 100-102, 172-174, 358, 361; male breadwinners engaged in, i, 779-782; immigrants in cities, i, 761, 762; recent immigration, i, 37; an oversupply, i, 39; effects on industry, i, 493, 494; lack of training and experience, i, 498; employ- ment made possible by use of machinery, i, 494, 495; in glass industry, i, 519, 520; recent immigrants in the West, i, 645; Chinese in California, i, 655, 656; East Indians on Pacific Coast, i, 678, 679; Greeks on railroads, ii, 405, 406; Japanese in West, i, 666; Mexicans, i, 682-689; Poles, i, 581; scarcity of, in Europe, as result of emigration, i, 169; cost of importing to Hawaii, i, 703; on sugar plantations, Hawaii, i, 715; bonus paid by Canada for, ii, 608; immigration to Canada, ii, 613. (See also Laborers.) Labor agents: Immigration induced by, i, 29; ii, 381, 382, 384; in New York, supply labor for South, ii, 445; in Boston, supply labor for Maine forests, ii, 447; Japanese, in West, i, 664, 665; fees charged Greek railroad laborers, ii, 405, 406. (See also Employment agencies.) 872 The Immigration Commission. Labor organizations: Vigilant in. preventing importation of skilled labor, ii, 381 ; effects upon of employment of recent immigrants, i, 501, 530-538; effects of, i, 534, 647; in bituminous coal mining, i, 532-537; in cotton-goods manufacturing, i, 537, 538; not any among seasonal farm laborers, i, 600, 601; in packing houses and fruit associations, i, 693; immigrants in, various industries, i, 298-313, 417-419; native and foreign born compared, i, 418; old and new immigration compared, i, 419; opposition to employment of Asiatics, i, 663; among Chinese, i, 656, 668; among Japanese, i, 664, 665, 668, 669, 675, 688. Laborers- Definition of term, ii, 788,794; male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838; exclusion of Chinese, ii, 581,582, 783-785, 788,789, 792, 793; Japanese excluded, ii, 584. (See also Labor, unskilled.) Lancaster, Pa., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Land area: Of Argentina, ii, 639; of Brazil, ii, 645; of United States and Australia compared, ii, 631. Lands, government: Homestead act of 1862, ii, 564; in Hawaii, i, 718-721; in Canada, ii, 614, 617. Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, ii, 8. Languages: Various families of, defined, i, 217-219; classification of Slavic tongues, i, 274, 275; of Teutonic group, i, 281; number of persons speaking various, i, 235. Lapouge, de, classification of races by, i, 218. Lapps: Northern Finns, i, 236; number of, i, 269; children in public schools in United States, ii, 10-16. Larimer, Asbury C., member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 12, 165. Lauck, W. Jett, author of report on immigrants in manufacturing and mining, i, 2, 3; abstract of report, i, 285-541. Laundries: Female breadwinners employed in, i, 830-838; number of employees studied, the West, i, 627-634; Chinese in San Francisco, i, 655, 659. Law: Males engaged in practice of, i, 818; students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83; no provision for enforcement of Thirteenth Amendment, ii, 446, 447; regarding banking, various States, ii, 434-436; steerage law, ii, 561, 564, 602. (See also Legislation, Immigration law, Steerage legislation, etc.) Lawrence, Mass.: Population, i, 512-516; history of immigration to, i, 512-516; f< irt>ign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Leather manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 309, 310; households and employees studied, i, 294,323-333; racial displacements, i, 529, 530; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395. (See also Boot and shoe manufacturing and Glove manufacturing ) Lech. See Polish. 6'' immigration legislation, Steerage legislation, Law, Im- migration law, etc.) ,. Letts. See Lithuanians. Libau, Russia: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202 ion of .number of Japanese passports to Canada, by agreement between Gov- * in, Abraham, favored encouragement of immigration, ii, 564 565 Lincoln, Nebr., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115 Lindsay, William Schaw, writer, referred to, ii, 594. Linnaeus, classification of races, i, 210 257 Russians m Hawaii, i, 707; inadequate school facilities south, i, 572. (See also Illiteracy ) spAyt Commi88ion » .mea^. of restriction, i, 47, 48; minority Index. 873 172, 173, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^63, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; resi- dence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; wages and earnings, i, 366-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412^417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; crime, ii, 173, 198-204, 211-220; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-66, 72, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417, 419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430,, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430^-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, -112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 515; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. Littauer amendment, House of Representatives, 1906, i, 10; ii, 576. Little Russian: Definition of term, i, 267; number, i, 250. (See also Russian and Ruthenian.) Liverpool, England: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202; nearly all British embarked from, prior to 1847, ii, 592. Livi, investigations of, referred to, ii, 550. Living conditions. See Housing conditions. Living expenses: East Indians on Pacific coast, i, 680; Japanese, i, 675; Mexicans, i, 689; ranch hands, California, i, 670; seasonal farm laborers, i, 599; Greek peasants abroad, ii, 403. (See also Rent paid.) Lloyd, Jessie C., author of report on immigrants as charity seekers, i, 2; abstract of report, ii, 87-157. Loans of immigrant bankers, ii, 424, 425. Location of wives of immigrants: In various industries, i, 459, 460; old and new immi- gration compared, i, 460; recent immigrants in the West, i, 649; Japanese, i, 662, 663; East Indians, i, 677, 678, 680; Mexicans, i, 689; in Hawaii, i, 700. Locomotive building and repairing, employees studied, i, 336-338, 343-348. Lodge, Henry Cabot, member of Immigration Commission, i, 11. Londonderry, Ireland: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Longstaff, estimate of, as to number of Irish in Canada, i, 249. Los Angeles, Cal.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; study of immigrant families in West limited to, i, 638. Lost time, curtailed number of working days due to oversupply of labor, i, 39, 367. Louisiana: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Italian communities studied, i, 560, 566; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; insanity in, ii, 232; regulation of banking, ii, 435; cases of peonage, ii, 445; American Republican party established, ii, 561. Louisville, Ky., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Lowell, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i,152; history of immigration, i, 508-512; early cotton mills described, i, 507-510; public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Lowland Scotch: Definition, i, 272, 273; number, i, 273. Lumber industry: Employees in West, i, 626-629; East Indians in mills of Northwest, i, 678; Japanese in, i, 664; peonage in camps in Minnesota and North Dakota, ii, 447; in camps in Maine, ii, 447-449. Luxemburg: Number of Germans in, i, 243; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137. Lynn, Mass.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. M. Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn., ii, 8. Macdonald, A. Fraser, writer, referred to, ii, 594. Macedonia, population of, i, 282. 72289°— VOL 1—11 56 The Immigration Commission. 