None
280-286; number of breadwinners, i, 569, 778, 803, 826, 835; in agricultural pur- suits, i, 39, 559, 562-565, 567-575, 661, 652, 800, 826, 836; in boot and shpe manu- Index. 869 facturing, i. 826; in building trades, i, 789, 826; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 8X1, 826, 835: in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 835; in cotton mills, i^ 826, 835; in domestic and personal service, i, 805, 826, 835; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 826; laborers, i, 781, 826; in laundries, i, 835; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 826, 835; miners and quarrymen, i, 783, 826; in needle trades, i, 809, 835; m paper and pulp mills, i, 835; peddlers, i, 826, 835; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 826, 835; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 794, 817, 826, 835; in silk mills, i, 835; steam railroad employees, i, 826; teachers, i, 819, 835; in textile mills, i, 787, 811, 826, 835; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 826, 835; in trade and transportation, i, 826, 835; in woolen mills, i, 835; wages and earning, i, 670, 686, 687; immigrant banks, ii; 413; padrone system, i, 29; ii, 391, 392; exploitation, ii, 406; in charity hospitals, ii, 258- 262, 270-275, 278; insanity and mental defects, ii, 238, 244, 249, 270; crime, ii, 164, 173, 174, 179, 181, 189-193, 198-204, 211-221; in schools, ii, 76-82; fecundity, ii, 457- 482, 494-500; changes in bodily form of Sicilians and Neapolitans, ii, 505-545; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 514; immigrants to Hawaii, i, 702; in Canada, ii, 611, 625, 626; immigrants to Argentina, ii, 640-641; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. Italian, North: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 639-642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 33&-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463^67, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762, 826, 835; in agricultural pur- suits, i, 799, 800; wages and earnings, i, 36^-403, 405-411, 685, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, 1,470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-71; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; Efnglish-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship^ i, 484-489, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417-419; con- jugal condition, i, 447-460, 605; ii, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i^ 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. Italian, South: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; monev on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214; number m Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 639-642, 733-737; employees studied, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 76^-771; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172,173. 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762, 826, 835; in agriciiltural pur- suits, i, 594, 595^ 799, 800; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 685, 764-767: family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; crime, ii, 174, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-72; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 163; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447^60, 605; ii, 137-142; changes in bodily form, ii, 505; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467^70, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; per- sons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754: care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463. Italian emigration law, prohibits issuing of passports to criminals subject to exclusion from United States, i, 28. 870 The Immigration Commission. Italic or Romance population, i, 226. Italy: Provinces of, if, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 251, 2S2; number of French in, i, 240, 251; GypsieB^ i, 245; Italians, i, 252; Albanians, Gre^s, Slavs, and Spaniards, i, 151; illiteracy, i, 177, 251; crime and secret organizations, i, 251; insanity, ii, 248, 249; immierant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; investigations in, by Royal Italian Agricultural Commission, i, 165; solicitation of emigration by steamship ticket agents prohibited , i, 19 1 ; endeavors to prevent emigration to United States of excludable persons, i, 193; penal certificates, li, 221; memoal examination of emigrants^ i, 195; steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599, 600, 601; Government super- vision of ships at sea, ii, 602; emigration from, i, 184, 252; rejected immigrants may claim damages from steanoship company, i, 197; deserting seamen from, ii, 360: immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188. 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 239-242: children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-^7, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; Uteracy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. J. Jacksonville, Fla., deserting seamen at port of, ii, 360. Jamaica. See West Indies, number of immigrants from. Jamaican, immigrants to Canada, ii, 612. Janitresses, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Janopouloe and Manetas Bros., promoters of Greek e^oe-shining parlors, ii, 398. Japan: Population and distribution, i^ 253; religions, i, 253; agreement with United States regarding immigration, i, 41; li, 584; discourages emigration to United States^ ii, 584; agreement with Canada, ii, 623; immigrant remittances to, ii, 427; immi- grants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 623; m city employments in the West, i, 672; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; literacv, i, 438-447. Japanese: Definition, i; 253; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 253, 660: Proportion of males, i, 98, 662; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in Unitea tates, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; number and distribution, i, 253; number in United States, i, 624, 655, 660; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 553, 557, 601, 639-642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-«36; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 662, 663, 676; ii, 286-290; age at time of coining, effect on Englisn-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447. 481-484, 609, 612; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101. 357-363, 607, 608; length of residence, i, 116. 349-356, 603, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; resiaence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 477-i81, 610, 613; ii, 263-266; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 364, 658, 663, 664; in a^cultural pursuits, i, 591, 592, 667, 672; m business for self, i, 673, 674; in canneries, i, 658j in city employments, i, 672; in domestic and personal service, i, 673; laborers, i, 659, 661, 666; in sugar- beet fields, i, 594, 687, 688; displacements, i, 594, 659, 667-669; strike breakers, i, 664; wages and earnings, i. 407, 646, 658, 665, 670, 678, 683; cost of laborers' sub- sistence, i, 675; charity seekers, ii, 93-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; prostitution, ii, 332, 337, 338, 346; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447, 612, 613; English- speaking, i, 474-484, 609HB11: in labor unions, i, 418, 668, 688; conjugal condition, i, 447-460, 605; home ownership, i, 467-470; persons per room, i. 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 662; exclusion, i, 253, 660, 661, 691; ii, 577; eligible classes, i, 661; legislation, i, 661; ii. 757, 758; in Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 660-676; ii, 415; in Hawaii, i, 699-703, 70^717; conclusions and recommendations, i, 41, 47; schedule forms used in investigation, ii, 653-662, 668-670, 674-677, 680, 681; in Canada, i, 661; ii, 611, 623, 626, 628, 629; immic^ants to Australia, ii, 635. Japanese and other immigrant races in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, abstract of report on, i, 617-694. Japhetic. See Aryan. Java, population of, i, 233. Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., ii, 8. Jenks, Jeremiah W., member of Immigration Commission, i, 12. Jersey City, N. J.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Jew. See Hebrew. Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society of New York, i, 575, 576, 578. Jmouds. See Lithuanians. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., ii, 8, Index. 871, Johnstown, Pa., public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-35, 75. Joliet, 111.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Juvenile immigration to Canada, ii, 615. K. Kalamazoo, Mich., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Kalliontzis, Const. ^ Greek physician in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Kansas: Act organizing Territory of, referred to, ii, 564; foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155^ citizenship, i, 150; insane in, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of bankmg, ii, 435; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Southwest); immigrants destined to, i, 105-109. Kansas Citv, Mo.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrant banks, ii, 413. Kaplanis, S. I., party to Greek loan contract, ii, 407, 408. Kaplanis Bros.: Convicted of violating contract-labor law, ii, 406; parties to Greek loan contract, ii, 407. Keane, classification of races by, i, 211, 223-225, 257, 281. Keltic. See Celtic. Kenrick Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. Kentucky: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; few immigpints in bituminous coal mining, i, 505, 506; peonage, ii, 445; no r^ulation of private or immigrant banks^ ii, 435. Key West, Fla., deserting seamen at port of, ii, 360. Kindemrtens, children of various races in, ii, 24-26. King, W. L. Mackenzie, Canadian Minister of Labor, ii, 627, 629. Know-Nothing movement, ii, 562-564. Korea, number of Japanese in, i, 253. Korean: Definition, i, 253; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 253; exclusion of, i, 691; ii, 577; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous resi- dence, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; number of households and persons studied, i, 642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; occupation abroad, i^ 100- 102; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84; on sugar plantation, i, 715; insanity and mental delects, ii, 237; in schools, i, 714; ii, 10-16, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; retum movement, i, 112-118; in Hawaii, i, 701, 702, 709-711; law regarding immiratition, i, 661; ii, 757, 758; recommendation, i, 47. Koutsoufanis, L. M., Greek steamship agent, ii, 382. Krainer. See Slovenian. Kruszka, Waclaw, writer, (quoted, i, 581-583. Kurds, number in Persia, i, 259. ' Labor, demand for, during Civil War, ii, 565. Labor, skilled: Definition of term, ii, 758; recommendations, i, 47; imported to establish industries, i, 541; in plate glass manufacture, i, 519-523, 525, 526; in Pat- erson silk mills, i, 529; may be imported if not available in United States, i, 29, 47; ii, 377. 381, 621; law regarding, ii, 733; immigrants reporting occupation as, 1899- 1910, 1, 100-102, 172-174; Chmeee, excluded for ten years by law of 1882, ii, 580; bonuspaidbyCanadafor, ii, 608; imported to Hawaii, i, 706; Japanese in Hawaii, i, 716. Labor, unskilled: Definition of term, ii, 758; conclusions and recommendations, i, 37- 39, 47; induced immigration of, i, 189; ii, 381-386; immigrants reporting occupation as, 1899-1910, i, 100-102, 172-174, 358, 361; male breadwinners engaged in, i, 779-782; immigrants in cities, i, 761, 762; recent immigration, i, 37; an oversupply, i, 39; efTectsonindustry, i, 493, 494; lackof training and experience, i, 498; employ- ment made possible by use of machinery, i, 494, 495; in ^lass industry, i, 519, 520; recent immigrants in the West, i, 645; Chinese in Cahfomia, i, 655, 656; East Indians on Pacific Coast^ i, 678, 679; Greeks on railroads, ii, 405, 406; Japanese in West, i, 666; Mexicans, i. 682-689; Poles, i, 581; scarcity of, in Europe, as result of emigration, i, 169; cost oi importing to Hawaii, i, 703; on sugar plantations, Hawaii, i, 715; bonus paid by Canada for, ii, 608; immigration to Canaaa, ii, 613. {See also Laborers.) Labor agents: Immigration induced by, i, 29; ii, 381, 382, 384; in New York, supply labor for South, ii, 445; in Boston, supplv labor for Maine forests, ii, 447; Japanese, in W^est, i, 664, 665; fees charged Greek railroad laborers, ii, 405, 406. {See aho Employment agencies.) 872 The Immigration Commission. Labor organizations: Vigilant in preventing imi>ortation of skilled labor, ii, 381 ; effectb upon, of employment of recent immigrants, i, 501, 530-538; effects of, i, 534, 647; in bituminous coal mining, i, 532-537; in cotton-goods manufacturing, i, 537, 538; not any among seasonal farm laborers, i, 600, 601; in packing houses and fruit associations, i, 693; immigrants in, various industries, i, 298-313, 417^19; native and foreign born compared, i, 418; old and new imjni^tion compared, i, 419; opposition to employment of Asiatics, i, 663; among Chmese, i, 656, 668; among Japanese, i, 664, 665, 668, 669, 675, 688. Laborers: Definition of term, ii, 788,794; male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838; exclusion of Chinese, ii, 581^ 582, 783-785, 788, 789, 792, 793; Japanese excluded, ii, 584. (See aZso Labor, unskilled.) Lancaster, Pa., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Land area: Of Aigentina, ii, 639; of Brazil, ii, 645; of United States and Australia compared, ii, 631. Lands, government: Homestead act of 1862, ii, 564; in Hawaii, i, 718-721; in Canada, ii, 614, 617. Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, ii, 8. Languages: Various families of, defined, i, 217-219; classification of Slavic tongues, i, 274, 275; of Teutonic group, i, 281; number of persons speaking various, i, 235. Lapouge, ae, classification of races by, i, 218. Lapps: Northern Finns, i, 236; number of, i, 269; children in public schools in United States, ii, 10-16. Latimer, Asbury C, member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 12, 165. Lauck, W. Jett, au^or of report on immigrants in manufacturing and mining, i, 2, 3; abstract of report, i, 285-541. Laundries: Female breadwinners employed in, i, 830--838; number of employees studied, the West, i, 627-634; Chinese in San Francisco, i, 655, 659. Law: Males engaged in practice of, i, 818; students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83; no provision for enforcement of Thirteenth Amendment, ii, 446, 447; rM;arding banking, various States, ii, 434-436; steerage law, ii, 561, 564, 602. (See aUo L^islation, Immigration law. Steerage legislation, etc.) Lawrence, Mass.: Population, i, 512-516; history of immigration to, i, 512-516; foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152.. Leather manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 309, 310; households and employees studied, i, 294,323-333; racial displacements, i, 529, 530; earning, i, 384-386, 388-395. {See also Boot and shoe manufacturing andGlovQ manufacturing.) Lech. See Polish. Le^slation: Recommendations regarding, i, 45-48; immigration, 1907, i, 9-11, 194; ii, 575-577; concerning Chinese, i, 657; ii, 578-584; steerage, ii, 585-602; white- slave traffic, ii, 327-329; to control immigrant banking, ii, 436-438; Canadian, ii, 628, 629. {See also Federal immigration legislation. Steerage legislation, Law, Im- migration law, etc.) Letts. See Lithuanians. Libau, Russia: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Limitation of number of Japanese passports to Canada, by agreement between Gov- ernments, ii, 629. Lincoln, Abraham, favored encouragement of immigration, ii, 564, 665. Lincoln, Nebr., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-116. Lindsay, William Schaw, writer, referred to, ii, 594. Linnseus, classification of races, i, 210, 257. Literacy: Of population 10 years of age or over, i, 156-159; of European immigrants 14 years of age or over, i, 175, 176; of immiffrants in cities, i, 730, 770, 771; in various inaustries, i, 298-313, 438-447, 612, 613- old and new immigration compared, i, 443; European races in West, i, 649; Bohemians in agriculture, i, 589; Russian Hebrew farmers, i, 580; Russians in Hawaii, i, 707; inadequate school facilities among Italians in South, i, 572. {See also Illiteracy.) Literacy test: Proposed by Commission as means of restriction, i, 47, 48; minority report, i, 49; proposed at various other times, i, 10; ii, 572-575; may be applied under Australian law, ii, 633-635; under New Zealand law, ii^ 637,638. Litliuanian: Definition, i, 253,255; religions, i, 254; number of immierants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 255, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous resiaence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population m Europe, i, 214, 254; num- ber of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 733^737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-spealdng and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-^84, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i. 10(>-102, Index. 873 172, 173, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., 1, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263^266, 280-285; resi- dence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; wages and earnings, i, 366-411, 764^767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; crime, ii, 173, 198-204, 211-220; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-66, 72, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 43^-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i. 474-484, 609-^11, 768-770; ii, 151, 152", citizenship, i, 484-489, 606, 771^ 772; u, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417, 419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; li, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home owne^ip, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households^ i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 515; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. Littauer amendment. House of Representatives, 1906, i, 10; ii, 576. Little Russian: Definition of term, i, 267; nimiber, i, 250. {See aUo Russian and Ruthenian.) Liverpool, England: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants m>m, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202; nearly all British embarked from, prior to 1847, ii, 592. Livi, investi^tions of, referred to, ii, 550. Living conditions. See Housing conditions. Living expenses: East Indians on Pacific coast, i, 680; Japanese, i, 675; Mexicans, i, 689; ranch hands, California, i, 670: seasonal farm laborers, i, 599; Greek peasants abroad, ii^ 403. {See also Rent paid.) Llovd, Jessie C, author of report on immigrants as charity seekers, i, 2; abstract of report, ii, 87-157. Loans of immigrant bankers, ii, 424, 425. Location of wives of immigrants: In various industries, i, 459, 460; old and new immi- gration compared, i, 460; recent immigrants in the West, i, 649; Japanese, i, 662, 663; East Indians, i, 677, 678, 680; Mexicans, i, 689; in Hawaii, i, 700. Locomotive building and repairing, employees studied, i, 336-338, 343-348. Lodge, Henry Cabot, member of Immigration Commission, i, 11. Londonderry, Ireland: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Longstaff , estimate of, as to number of Irish in Canada, i, 249. Los Angeles, Cal.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, it, r>4-72, 75; study of immigrant families in West limited to, i, 638. Ix)st time, curtailed number of working days due to oversupply of labor, i, 39, 367. Louisiana: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Italian communities studied, i, 560, 566; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; insanity in, ii, 232; regulation of banking, ii, 435; cases of peonage, ii, 445; American Republican party established, ii, 561. Louisville, Ky., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Lowell, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i,152; history of immigration, i, 508-512; early cotton mills described, i, 507-510; public scnool pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Lowland Scotch: Definition, i, 272, 273; number, i, 273. Lumber industry: Employees in West, i, 626-629; East Indians in mills of Northwest, i, 678; Japanese in, i, 664; peonage in camps in Minnesota and North Dakota, ii, 447; in camps in Maine, ii, 447-449. Luxemburg: Number of Germans in, i, 243; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137. Lynn, Mass.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. M. Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn., ii, 8. Macdonald, A. I^raser, writer, referred to, ii, 594. Macedonia, population of, i, 282. 72289«»— VOL 1—11 66 874 The Iininigrati<xi Commission. Macedonian: Number of houfleholds and persons studied, i, 316-320; employees stud- ied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age claasification, i, 463-467; age at time of com- ing, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-464; occupation abroad, i, 357-^63; length of residence, i, 349-356; residence in* United States, effect on literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; occupation, i, 364; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 408, 409; padrone system, ii, 392, 393; in schools, ii, 10-16; Engli^- speakin^, i, 474r^84; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 418; conjugal con- aition, 1, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; rent paid, i, 419-422; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; visits abroad, i, 461-463. (See also Bulgarian.) Machinery: Has made possible the employment of unskilled labor, i, 495; in leather factories, i, 529; in glass works, i, 519-522, 524-526; plate-glass plant not using, described, i, 523, 524. Machinists, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-^29. Mack, Julian W., hearing before Immigration Commission, i, 19. McKeesport, Pa.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. McKellip Veterinary College, Chicago, ill., ii, 8. McLaurm, Anselm J., member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 12. McLean, Francis H., assisted in study of immigrants as charity seekers, i, 2; ii, 91, 92. McMaster, J. B., article in Forum referred to, ii, 563. Madeira, immi^tion from, to Hawaii, i, 704, 708; ii, 629. Magyar: Definition, i, 255, 256; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 2^5, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 238, 255; nimiber in Austria- Hungary, i, 219; number in Roumania, i, 263; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-520, 557, 601, 642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 33^-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English- speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^63, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in aCTicuitural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in agricultural pursuits, i, 591; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in cnarity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; proportion of children, 1, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771, 772; in laoor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households studied, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apart- ment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. {See also Hungarian.) Maine: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of banking, ii, 435; contract-labor law, ii, 448; peonage, ii, 447-449. Malay: Public school pupils, ii, 10-16; immigrants to Australia, ii, 635; to Canada, ii, 611. Malaysia, number of East Indians in, i, 258. Maiden, Mass., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Males, races with particularly high or low percentages of, i, 98. (See also Citizenship, Sex, etc.) Maltese, immigration to Canada, ii, 611. Manchester, N. H.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Manchuna: Induced immigration from, to Hawaii, i, 70f-708; yearly earnings of field laborers, i, 705. Manifests of steamship passengers, law r^ardinff, ii, 735, 736, 762, 769, 787. Mann, A. Dudley, quoted as to number of British immigrants to United States, 184647, ii, 592. Manufacturers, officials, etc., male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Manufactures, capital and value of products, 1880-1905, i, 491. k Index. 875 Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits: Male breadwinners engaged in, i, 821-^29; female bres^winners, i, 830-838; immigrants in cities, i, 761, 762; Chinese, in San Francisco, i, 659. Manufacturing and mining: Abstract of report on immigrants in, i, 285-541; branches studied, i, 293, 294; scope and method of investigation, i, 293-296; schedule forms used, ii, 653-662, 668-670, 674-681; wage-earners employed east of Rocky Moun- tains, i, 492, 493; immigrants largely employed in West, i, 626; effect of new immi- gration on establishment of new industries, i, 541; conclusions r^arding, i, 37-39. Manx, a dialect spoken on Isle of Man, i, 225. Mark, Mary Louise, author of report on inmiigrants in cities, i, 2, 12; abstract of report, i, 723-772. Marseille, F^nce: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Maryland: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; number of employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; no r^ulation of private or immi- grant banking, ii, 435 Masons, brick and stone, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Massachusetts: Foreign-oom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; number of Hebrews, i, 247; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Polish farmers, i, 583; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; emigration from, to Canada, ii, 617; number of employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; female immigrants in domestic service and in textile mills, i, 810; insanity, ii, 232; commitment to penal institutions, ii, 204-211; immij^nt banks, ii, 414; regulation of immigrant banking, ii, 435-437; bank commissioner referred to, ii, 438; imm^ration law of 1837 referred to, ii, 567. Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, Boston, Mfass., ii, 8. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass., ii, 8. Masso, opinion of, as to length of time Italians stay in United States, i, 252. May laws of Russia, effect on emigration, i, 577, 584. Meat x>acking. See Slaughtering and meat packing. Mechanics, number emigrating to Canada, ii, 6x3. (See also Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits.) Medical inspection. See Inspection. Medicine: Males eng;aged in practice of, i^ 818; students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. Membership of Immigration Commission, i, 11. Mennonites, immigration to Canada, ii, 612. Mentally defective, conclusions regarding immigration of, i, 28. (See also Insane, Feeble-minded in institutions, and separate races.) Merchants and dealers: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female bread- winners, i, 830-838. Meriden, Conn.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Messengers, etc.: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838. Messina, Sicily: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grants from, and number debarr^ for medical causes, i, 202. Mestizo, definition of term, i, 258. Metalliierous mining and smelting: Employees in, i, 626-629; Mexicans employed in, i, 686, 687; wages, i, 686, 687. Methods of investigation described, i, 20, 165, 731, 732. Mexican: Definition, i, 255, 256; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 625, 682; great increase improbable, i, 689; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; number in United States, i, 682, 683; effect on economic conditions, i, 41 ; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 640-642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation in Mexico, i. 100, 101, 357-363; length of residence, i, 41, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 682-688; in seasonal farm labor, i, 688; displacing other races, i, 683; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 670, 683, 685-688; family income, i, 412-417; padrone system, ii, 392; exploitation, ii, 406; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; public charges, i, 690; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, il, 332; in schools, ii, 10-16, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447, 689, 690; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 675, 690; li, 151, 152; citizenship, 876 The Immigration Commission. i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447--460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; standard of living, i, 689; size of apartments ana of households, i, 426-430; persons pner room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118; in Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 624, 682-691; regulation regarding immigration, ii, 764-766; conclusions, i, 41, 691. Mexico: Population, i, 256; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1908-10, i, 256: Japanese from, i, 660, 661; border ports of entry, ii, 764; natives of, in Unitea States, i, 134, 136, 137, 155, 156, 623; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; Uteracy^i, 438-447. Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, ii, 8. Michigan: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; number of Hebrew farm^s, i, 576; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; emizration to Canada, ii, 617; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414, 435; reeiilation of bankinj^, ii, 435. Midale West: Expansion in bituminous coal mining industry, i, 504; output of coal, and number of employees, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, i, 504; racial classification of mine employees, i, 504, 506; history of labor organizations in coal industry, i, 534-536; immigration to boot and shoe manufacturing industry, i, 519. Migration westward: Of immigrants from Eastern States, i, 621, 624, 645, 651, 721; encoiuaged by employers, i, 621; retarded by presence of Asiatics in West, i, 694; coal miners from Pennsylvania, i, 532-536; Poles, i, 584. Migratory habits: Of recent immigrants, i, 499, 500; Japanese laborers in West, i, 663; length of residence in locality, farm households studied, i^ 604. Mihalopoulos Brothers, promoters of Greek shoe-shining parlors, li, 398. Military service in Europe, desire to escape, a cause of emigration, i, 185. Miller, Justice, quotation rrom opinion oi Supreme Court on State immigration laws, ii. 568. Milliners, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Millis, H. A., author of report on Japanese and other immi^nt races in the Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 2; abstract of report, i, 617-694. Milwaukee, Wis. : Study of immigrants in, i, 723-772; households and persons studied, i, 732-734, 736; size of apartments, i, 741, 742; persons per room, i, 729, 743, 745, 746; boarders and lodgers, i, 728, 748, 749; home ownership, i, 728, 756; rent paid, i, 757, 758; gainful occupation in the home, i, 751: public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immi- grants as cluurity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigration to tanneries, i, 530; foreign-bom m male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. Miners: Tax on all foreign, California, 1853, ii, 578; emigrants to Canada, ii, 613; Canada pays bonus on, ii, 608. Miners ana quarrymen, male breadwinners reported as, i, 782, 783, 821-829. Mining: Japanese in certain Western States, i, 664; immigirants in cities, i, 761. (See also Anthracite coal mining. Bituminous coal mining, Copper mining and smelting, Iron-ore mining, Manuiactiuing and mining, arid Metalliferous mimng and smelting.) Mining accidents. See Accidents. Ministry, males engaged in, i, 818 j theological students, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. Minneapolis, Minn.: Population, li, 482; foreign-bom in, i, 151; ii, 482; citizenship, i, 153; public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75 1 immi^nts as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; number of married women reporting, ii, 483; fecundity, ii, 484-500. Minnesota: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immi- grants destined to, i, 105-109; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity, ii, 232; foreign-bora among feeble-minded, ii, 237; fecunditj^ ot immigrant women, ii, 482-500; proportion of Scandinavians among women, ii, 482; peonage, ii, 447; contract-labor law, ii, 448; immigrant banks, ii, 414, 435; reflation of banking, ii, 435; emigration to Canada, ii, 617. Minority report of Immigration Commission, i, 49. Minto, Earl, governor general of Canada, disallowed British Columbia immifiration acts, ii, 628. Mississippi: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Italian communities, i, 560, 566; insanity, ii, 232; cases of peonage, ii, 445; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Missouri: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; citizenship, i, 150; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Italian communities, i, 560, 566; Polish settlements, i, 583; insanity, ii, 232; cases of peonage, ii, 445; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Index. 877 «*■ ■" ' ' > Mobile, Ala., alien seamen deserting at, ii, 360. Mohanunedans: Number in Servia, i, 231; venders of peanuts, California, i, 678; proportion of, among East Indians, i, 676. Moldavian, immigration to Canada, ii, 612. (See cUeo Roumanian.) Money on landing: Financial condition of immigrants, i, 102, 103; amount shown. 1899-1910, i, 103; 1905-1909, i, 178, 179; lack of, sends inmiigrant into unskilled labor, i, 498, 499, 562; "show money" supplied by padrones^ ii, 404, 405; recom- menaations of House of Representatives, 1906, ii, 576; legislation regarding, ii, 766; value of propertv of Unitea States immigrants to Canada, ii, 617. Money sent abroad: By immigrants, 1907, i, 103, 179; ii, 426, 427; through immigrant baiucs, ii, 1907-1909, ii, 425. 426; laijge amount of, is to assist others to emigrate, i, 189; mainly due to low standards of living, i, 38; average amount of transmissions, ii, 427, 428; methods, ii, 428-430; value to European countries in improved economic conditions, i, 169; Japanese laborers, on Pacinc coast, i, 675; East Indians, i, 681. Money exchange, in immigrant banking, ii, 425. Money orders: Value and average amount of international, ii, 426, 428; of banking houses, ii, 428-430. Money requirement: Material increase in, proposed, i, 48; provision in United States law, i, 102; ii, 735; proposed by House committee, 1906, i, 10; intending emigrants rejected in Germany, for "want of means," i, 200; Canadian, i, 102, 676; ii, 622, 623, 629. (See also Head tax.) Mongolian: Definition, i, 256, 257: population, i, 257; exclusion of, ii, 578; head tax, ii, 578; insanity and mental defects, ii, 230, 231. Mongols, number in Persia, i, 259. Montana: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129, 149, 151, 155, 623; population, i, 623; citizen- ship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 233; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Montenegrin: Definition, i, 257; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625: proportion of males, i, 98; population in Europe, i, 214; number of households ana persons studied, i, 316-320; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; aro classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English- speaking, i, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; residence in United States, effect on literacy, etc., i, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 263^266; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 408; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16; literacy, 1,99,438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; visits abroad, i, 461-463. Montenegro: Races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; number of Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230: distribution of immigrant remittances, ii, 429. (See also Bulgaria, Servia, ana Montenegro.) Montevideo, immigration to Argentina by way of, ii, 640. Moors, number in Spain, i, 279. Moravian. See Bohemian and Moravian. Mortgages: In immigrant banking, ii, 424; Greek padrone system, ii, 404-408; trans- lation of Greek loan contract, ii, 407, 408. Mother-tongue, census enumeration of foreign-bom according to, provided for, i, 18. Mulattoes, number in West Indies, i, 258. Mtlller, Friedrich, classification of races, i, 257. Muscovite. See Russian. Musicians and teachers of mudc, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. N. Naples, Italy: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grantfi from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. (See also Bank of Naples.) Nationality, census enumeration of foreign-bom according to, provided for, i, 18. (See also Country of birth, Races or peoples, and Nativity and race.) Native- American movement, ii, 561, 562. Native-bom: Not entering industries, i, 502, 503; insanity, ii, 230, 232, 233; crime, ii, 173, 183-187, 189-211; prostitution, ii, 332; number of Americans in Cuba, i, 231; emigration to Canada, ii, 607, 612-614, 617-619. Native-bom Negjro. See Negro. Native-bom White: Number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 601, 641, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-^33, 336^347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classifica- tion, i, 46a^67, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; occupation, i, 363-366, 761, 762; on sugar 878 The Immigration Commission. plantations, i, 715; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-111, 764-767; family income, 1, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 93-146, 154; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275; insanity, ii, 238, 270; crime, ii, 179-181, 189-193, 198-204; g^ul occupa- tion in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147: in schools, ij 714; ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49^1, 64-71, 76-82; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 438-447, 770, 771; in labor unions, i, 417; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 457-500; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet acconmiodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528; immigrants to Hawaii, i, 703; deportations from Canada, ii, 625. Nativist societies, formation of, ii, 561. Nativity and race: List of immigrant-fumiahing countries and their races, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; of male breadwinners, i, 547, 778; female breadwinners, i, 803; persons studied in i^culture, i, 557, 602; bituminous coal mining, i, 300, 506, 507; boots and shoes, i, 306; cigar and tobacco making, i, 313; clothing, i, 305; collars, cuffs, and shirts, i, 308; cotton goods, i, 304; furniture, i, 307; glass, i, 301 j gloves, i, 310; iron and steel, i, 297; leather, i, 309; manufacturing and mining, i, 316, 319-348, 493; oil, i, 311; silk, i, 303; slaughtering and meat packing, i, 298, 299; sugar, i, 312; woolen and worsted, i, 302; heads of city households studied, i, 733; men engaged in white-slave traffic, ii, 342, 343; persons in gainful occupa- tions, California, 1870, i, 656; principal races of old and of new immigra- tion, various industries, i, 297-313, 316, 322, 348, 353, 354, 356. Native and foreign bom compared as regards — Age classification of employees, i, 466, 467; boarders and lodgers, i, 423, 424, 426, 728, 730, 749, 750, 759; breadwinners in various occupations, i, 821- 838; care of apartment, 1, 729, 755; charity hospitals, ii. 258, 267-269; charity seekers, ii, 100, 101, 103, 104, 109, 118, 119, 124; conjugal condition, i, 458, 459, 606; crime, ii, 163, 164, 166, 167, 172-182; earnings, i, 387, 389, 392, 394-396, 401-403. 406, 408, 411, 764, 765, 767; Engli^-speaking, i, 476, 611, 768; family mcome, i, 413, 416, 766, 767; fecundity, u, 455-500; feeble-mindedness, li, 231; head form, ii, 506-549; home ownership, i, 469, 756: housing conditions, i, 431, 432, 434, 436-438, 728-730, 741-759; in- sanity, ii, 230, 232-235, 251; literacy, i, 442-445, 613, 770; number of school children, ii, 17, 22, 34; retardation of school children, ii, 30; students in higher educational institutions, ii, 80, 83; persons per room, i, 729, 744, 746, 747; rent paid, i, 420, 421, 730, 758, 759; size of apartments, i, 428, 742; size of households, i, 430, 743; status of children, i, 472, 473, 615, 763; ii, 145, 146; toilet accommodations, i, 755; water supply, i, 753. {See also Country of birth. Native-bom, Foreign-bom, New immigration. Old immigration. Nationality, Races or peoples, and separate races,) Naturalization: Conclusions regg^arding, i, 42; laws and regulations, ii, 817-835; form of declaration of intention, ii, 825: form of petition, ii, 825, 826; form of certificate, ii, 826, 827; early attempts at revision or repeal, ii, 561-564; investigation by Senate committee. 1892, ii, 572; uniform rule, law of 1906, ii, 575; of East Indians, opposed, i, 681; of Chinese, prohibited, ii, 788. (See also Citizenship.) Neapolitans: Measurements of native ana foreign bom compared, ii, 516-524, 526, 532, 533, 542-545; treatment of infants, ii, 547. (See also Naples, Italy, Italian, etc.) Nebraska: Foreign-bora in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434; right of su&age in former Territory, li, 564; emigra- tion to Canada, ii, 617. Needle trades, female breadwinners engaged in, i, 806-810, 830-838. Negro: Number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320. 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 737-739; li, 136, 286-290; occupation, i, 36a-366, 761, 762; wages and earnings, i, 366-411, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 93-145; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275; insanity and mental defects, ii, 238, 270; crime, ii, 189-193, 198-204; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 28-31, 83-42, 49-61, 64-71, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 157-159, 438-447, 770, 771; in labor unions, i, 417; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 457-500; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of housenolds, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755. 