None
Epidemics, control of, 206 milk, detection of, 389-390 types of, 208 Epidemiologists, 205-206 Epidemiology, 201-223 conception of cause of, 206-208 definition of, 201 function of, prophecy of, 204-205 knowledge of, necessarv'. 202 methods and resources of, 202-203 objects of, 203-204 proof of, source of infection, 210-211 tabulations and graphs of, 219-221 Ergotism, 394 Eugenics and heredity, 766-767 Evacuation points, 548 Excreta, disposal of, in camp, 541-543 Exercise, 514-516 breathing, 501 for soldiers, 524-525 pro\ision for, on troop transports, 530 Exhaust system of ventilation, 634-635 Exhibits, public health, 578 use of, in public health education, 748-750 Explosives, local irritant effects, 627 Eye diseases, contagious, control of, in schools, 706-708 transmitted through summing l)ools, 4()0 Eyes, care of, 513-514 scarring of cornea from industrial accidents, 641 868 INDEX Factories, temperature of, 285 Factory lighting, 037-044 windows, arrangement and con- struction of, 089-040 Fairfield system of ventilation, 200-208 Fan ventilation, 208-270 Fat content of milk, determination of, 304 foods, 310, 480 Fa\ais, 173 treatment of, in school children, 707 Feces, bacteriologic examination of, in typhoid fever, 135 cUsinfection of, 189 Feeble vitalitj^ as cause of infant mor- tality, 078 Feeble-minded persons, treatment of, 791 Feeble-miudedness, economic aspect, 790 mental characteristics in, 790 in reformatories and prisons, 790 relation to crime, 791 Feet, care of, by soldiers, 520 flat, 510 weak, 509 Ferments, 71 Ferry boats, methods of cleaning and disinfecting, 191 Field hospital company, 547 Filaria and the mosquito, 592 Filters, contact or biological, in sewage treatment, 433 for swimming pools, 401 mechanical, 419-420 jiressure, 420 slow sand, 418-419 sprinkling, 433-434 water, for troops, 539-540 Filtration of sewage, intermittent sand, 434 of water, 418-420 Finger-nails, care of, 500 Fire hazards in industrial plants, 004 method of studying, 231 First aid in industrial plants, 000, 003 ])acket, 530. 540 Fish, adulteration of, 344 efTecit of refrigeration and cold stor- age on, 332 parasitic organisms and, 390 pathogenic bacteria in, 390 Fiat foot, 510 Fleas, 591 Flics and typhoid fever, 133 Fluorides, detection of, in food, 337-338 use of, as food ])reservatives, 337 Fluorine, a food constituent. Garbage, collection of, 436-437 disposal of, 437-439 in camp, 541 sanitary survey and, 234 economic waste in, 438 feeding of, to swine, 438 Gas, acetylene, for illumination, 451 attacks, hygiene of, 543-545 illuminating, dangers of, 450 naphtha, for illumination, 450-451 oil, for illumination, 451 sewer, 458 types of, used in warfare, 544 Gastric ulcer as result of focal infection, 497 General paralysis, 758-759 deaths from, 759 frequency of, 758-759 hereditary' syphilis and, 759 German measles, incubation period of, 127 infectious agent of, 126 methods of control of, 127 mode of transmission of, 126 period of commvmicabilitv of, 127 source of infection of, 126 Germicides in milk, 348 Glanders, baciUus of, in cerebrospinal meningitis, 97 incidence of, 168 inculcation period of, 169 infectious agent of, 168 meat inspection for, 321 methods of control of, 169 mode of transmission of, 169 period of communicability of, 169 source of infection of, 168 Gonococcus in acute infectious conjunc- tivitis, 87 in cerebrospinal meningitis, 97 Gonorrhea as cause of death, 843 incidence of, 147-148 incul)ation jieriod of, 148 infectious agent of, 148 methods of control of, 148, 149-153 mode of transmission of, 148 period of commuiiicabiiitj' of, 148 source; of iiifei'tioii of, 14S Gout as result of unljalan.ced diet, 320 Graphic presentations of vital statistics, 854-858 Graphs in epidemiology, use of, 220-221 Great Britain, Departmental Rei)orts on Ventilation, 248, 262, 263, 265, 272 Grit chambers, 431 Ground water, 404r-406 Hands as vehicles of infection, 219 Hats, relation of, to personal hygiene, 507 Health and lay societies, 571 board, rural, duties of, 5t)4-5()7 organization of, 557 source of powers of, 557 bulletins, 744 distribution of, 745 centers in hygiene of child of pre- school age, 698 department and sanitary survey, 237 inspectors, activities of, in niral districts, 572 ])hysician and, 567-571 relation of, to housing, 300-304 reports and records of, 579-581 hazards in factories, method of studying, 231-232 in industrs', warning workers of, 6584)59 insurance, 604 officer, activities of, in rural com- miuiities, 558-562 education of, for rural health work, 558 importance of vital statistics to, 806 investigations by, 562 newspaper editor and, 746 notification V)y, 5()3 I)rocedures In', 562-564 public health education in schools and, 739 reports and records of, 579-581 of investigations, 580 rural, 557-564 status of, 582 ])ul)lic, nurse, 572-573 relation of atmospheric conditions to, 239-261 work, control of, environmental fac- tors, 555-556 rural, 555-582 education in, 577-579 jmblicity in, 577-579 870 LXDl'JX Heart disease as result of focal infection, 497 Heat as disinfectant in house and sick- room, 1S() l)rescrvation of food bv, 332-333 stroke, 248-249 Heating and ventilation, 263-265 industrial plants, G36-(i37 Height and weight, average, tables of, 486 of recruit, 520 Hellel)ore, use of, in checking tiy nuisance, 439 Heredity and eugenics, 766-767 as a factor influencing physical de- terioration, 472 relation to fecble-niindedness, 788 to mental cUsease, 762 Hodgkins disease as result of focal infec- tion, 497 Hogs and parasitic organisms, 394-396 Hookworm disease, incidence of, 175 iiicul)ation period of, 176 infectious agent of, 176 methods of control of, 176 mode of transmission of, 176 period of communicability of, 176 privy and, 428 source of infection of, 176 in tropics, 595 Hormone deficiency as factor influencing ])hysieal deterioration, 472 Hospital and dispensaiy facihties, effect of, on mortality rate, 828 ventilation, 266, 274 Houses, tropical, site and constniction of ,^ 587 ventilation and drainage of, 588 Housing, 293-307, 443-458 building material, 447-448 conditions and sanitary survey of, 232-233 effects of overcrowding on, 297 essential rec^uirements of healthful private dwelling, 446-458 good, its achievement, 306-307 h(>ating, 449 influence of environment, 304-306 legislation, 30()-307 lighting, 449-452 locution and site, 446 l)lumbing, 452-455 jnivy vaults and, 297-299 l)robleni, 443-445 regulations, 444 relation of health department to, 300-304 to infectious disease, 294 to tuberculosis, 294-295 rooms, arrangement of, 448-449 size of, 449 screening, 44S-449 sewerage or drainage, 455-458 soil, 446-447 tubercidosis and. Hygiene of environment, 627, 665 industrial. See Industrial hygiene, mental. See Mental hygiene, personal, 499-518. See also Per- sonal hygiene, tropical, 583-601 Hyi)er.sensitiveness, 58-70 infection and, 69 in man, 65-69 allergy to foods, pollens, etc., 68 collapse, 66 death, 66 desensitization to serum, 67 drug allergy, 68-69 idiosyncrasy, 68-69 local reactions, 67 senim reaction, 66 prevention of, 67-68 sickness, 66-67 treatment of developed shock, 68 immunity and, 70 toxin, 64-65 Hysteria, 764 IcK, relation of, to transmission of water- borne disease, 408 Ice-l:)orne typhoid fever, 131-132 Ice-box for milk in the home, 361 Idiosjaicrasy, 68-69 Idiots, 783 Illegitimacy, effect of, on infant mor- tality, 831. Illegitimate children, care of, 695-697 Ilhiminants, effects of, on atmosphere, 262-263 Imbeciles, 783, 789 ImhofT tank, 432-433 Immigration, effect of, on mortaUty rate, 829 role of, in mental hygiene, 778 Immunity, antiV)lastic, 72 conveyed by certain diseases, 215 hy]iersensitiveness and, 70 Imi)etigo, treatment of, in school chil- dren, 707 Incineration in disposal of waste, 437-438 Incinerator for human excreta, 543 Palmer, 440-442 IXDEX 871 Incuhatioii ])(rii)il in infectious (lis(>u.ses, j '2'2'2-'2'2',i Industrial ucciilcnts t(i (\vcs, 041 M'2 (lust and funics, 'ioii liy^ticnc, (ML' t KIT educational methods, (>()(') financial loss thioufih illness, 603 importance of, ()02-603 inspection, (iOo laws, mry' medical supervision, OG-^-liG? occupational disease and, ()()4 periodic medical examination, 605-(J06 scoi)e of, 60o-()()S statistical data, ()07 plants, drinking; cups and water sup- ply, (147-049 fii'c hazards, 6(i4-665 heating, 636-637 lockers for clothes, ()46-647 lunch and rest jieriods, 653-654 lunch-rooms, ()53 spitting and cuspidors, 651-653 sweeping and cleaning, 650-651 toilets, 650 towel supply, 649-(i50 washing facilities, necessity for, 645-(i46 Industries and sanitary siirveys, 231-232 Inditstry, effect of alcoholism on, 657-658 of monotonous work on, 654 instruction in safety measures and first aid, 660-t)6l" medical examination of employees, 666 physical strain, 655-657 safety devices, 661-662 speeding up and overtime work, 654 warning w^orkers of hazards, 658- 659 Infancy, mental training in, 768-769 Infant deaths, immediate causes, 831-833 feeding, age and results, 359 mortaUty, 671-694 accidents of labor as cause of, 678 alcoholism as cause of, 678 among illegitimate, 732 atmospheric temperature and, 253 in Calcutta, 728 causes of, 674 definition of, 671-672 distribution, of in V. S. by. causes, 678 economic conditions in relation to, 676-677 effect of baby health stations on, 690 of illegitimacy on, 677 of immigration on, 675 of institutionalism on, 695 of maternal employment on, ()77 on mortality rate, 830 Infant nioitality, efTect of nativity of mother on, 675 of overcrowding on, 674 of unhygienic conditions on, 675 environmental causes of, (374 factors alTecting, S31-833 feeble vitality as a cause, 678 hot weather and, 729-730 influence of, on birth rate, 817 of congenital diseases on, 678 of contagious diseases on, 680 of diarrheal diseases on, 678-()S0 of impro])er milk supjily on, 679 of rcspiratorj' disease on, 680 of type of feeding on, 688 in New Zealand, 728 I)rematurity as a cause, 678 jjroblem of, 672-674 reduction of, 680-694 auxiliary aids, 694 community program in, 680 by conferences of mothers, • 691 effect of public health, education, 693-(594 by home visits of nurses, 690-()91 individual program in, 681 bv Little Mothers' League, 691-693 by prenatal work, 682-683 relation of, to age of mother, 731 to attendance at birth, 731 to birth-rate, 730-731 to inconie, 729, 733-734 to nativity of mother, 731 to prenatal care of mothers, 732-733 to price of milk, 730 to race, 731-732 to type of feeding, 728-729 in Russia, 728 sanitary surveys and, 227-229 social and economic aspects of, 72&-734 in United States, 728 Infantile paralysis. See Poliomyelitis. Infants, boarding of, regulations govern- ing, 696-697 requirements of, for permit, 695 diarrhea in, influence of temperature and bacteria, 349, 355, 362 relation of, to water supply, 407 Ulness caused by milk from im- properly fed cows, 348 proportion of, consuming cows' milk, 360 Infected water, 406 Infection, hypersensitivencss and, 69 872 INDEX Infection, influonco of (luantily of niicro- oi'tjanisnis on, li) niixiHl, 20-21 secondary, 20-2 1 symptoms of, and anaphyhixis, (it two main elements of, 211-213 Infections, bacterial and parasitic, as factors infliK^ncin^ physical dete- rioration, 473 focal, 49t>-498 interrelation of, 214-211) Infectious diseases, classification of, 216 incubation period of, 222-223 portal of entry of, 213-214 prev(>ntion of, 73-176, 859 transmission of, 223 material, common vehicles of, 218 manner of leaving the body, 24 Influenza, 73-85 bacillus in cerebrospinal meningitis, 97 bacteriology of 1918 epidemic, 84 incidence of, 73 ordinary colds and, 74 overcrowding and, 297 prevention of, 74 administrative procedures, 76 education and publicity, 76 organization, 76 relief measures, 79-84 vaccines in, 74, 84-85 Insane, treatment of, 777-778 Insanity, increase of, 765 manic-depressive, 764 Insecticides, 177 Insects, disease in tropics and, 589, 590 stinging in tropics, 591 vehicles of infection, 219 Insomnia, 516 Inspection in epidemic fighting, 222 Inspectors, rural health, activities of, 572 Insurance, health or sickness, 604 Intelligence quotient in mental defi- ciency, 783-784 lirtestinal infections, epidemiology of, 217 Intestines, entrance and growth of micro- organisms in, 22-23 Investigation in epidemic fighting, 222 Investigations, reports of health officer, 580 Iron in water and its removal, 414 Isolation in epidemic fighting, 221 Katathermometer, 248, 288-290 KeHr, 340 Kidney disease as result of focal infec- tion, 497 King system of ventilation, 267 Kitchen cars, 528 Kitchens, inspection of, 536 portable, 535 Korsakoff jjsychosis, 759 Koumis, 340 Labaruaque's solution, disinfectant in house, and sickroom, 188 Labor, accidents of, cause of infant mor- tality, 678 Laboratory, public health, activities of, 575-577 and sanitary surveys, 235 use of, by health officer, 559 Lactic acid, use of, as food preservative, 340 Lakes as sources of water supplies, 404 Latrines, 455 for permanent camps, 542 for trenches, 543 Law, cold storage, 332 governing swimming pools, 468 Mosaic, 736 pure food and di-ugs act, 341-343 relating to industrial hygiene, 605 statute, as a source of power in health work, 557 vaccination, 119 Lay organizations in rural health work, 557 societies and pubhc health, 571-572 Lead poisoning, mode of entrance of, 618 prevention of, 621 symptoms of, 619-621 treatment of, 622 uses of, in industry, 617-618 in water, 414 Lectures in public health education, 750-751 Legal actions by health officer, 562-564 Legality of milk regulations, 372 Legislation, housing, 306-307 Leprosy, incidence of, 95-96 incubation period of, 96 infectious agent of, 96 methods of control of, 96 mode of transmission of, 96 period of communicability of, 96 quarantinaljle disease of, 798 source of infection of, 96 Leukoprotease, 52 Lice, destruction of, 591 soldiers infested with, 524 Light, artificial, in houses, 449-452 effect of, on infectious microorgan- isms, 24 on vision, 513-514 necessity for, in houses, etc., 499 Lighting, artificial, in industrial plants, facts as to, 643-644 of factory, 637-644 in industry, effect of paint and cleanliness on, 642-643 of schools, 717 Lights, bright, effect of, 640-641 Lime, chlorinated, as disinfectant in hou.se and sickroom, 188 milk of, as disinfectant in house and sickroom, 187-188 INDEX 873 Linen, disinfrction of, IS!) Little MotlxTs' League, ()<H-(i93 Lock-jaw. Londonderry, catastrophe on, 240 Lung block. New York City, 444 Lungs, entrance and growtli of niicro- organisnis in, '22 Lyster bag, 42G M Malaria, economic aspect of, 734 incitlence of, Hyi) incul)ation pericjd of, L55 infectious agent of, 155 methods of control of, L55-150 mode of transmission of, 155 mosquito and, 592 period of communicability of, 155 quinine i)rophylaxi8 in, 155 source of infection of, 155 Malignant pustule. See Anthrax. Manic-de])ressive insanity, 764 Mamire, disposal of, 438 in cantonments, 440 Maps, pm, 854 Marasmus as result of luibalaneed diet, 320 March, medical service on, 548 Marcliing of troops at night, 527 rate of, 526 Marital condition, effect of, on mor- tality rate, 827-828 state and mental hygiene, 774-775 Maritime quarantine, 795-804 history of, 795-796 types of vessels met with, 796 Markets, sanitation of, and sanitary surveys, 233-234 Marriage rate, calculation of, 813 factors influencing, 812 statistics, 811-813 legal uses of, 812 Masturbation, relation of, to mental dis- ease, 772 Maternity centers, 682-683 Matzoon, 340 Measles in camps, 531 incidence of, 125 incubation period of, 125 infectious agent of, 125 methods of control of, 125-126 mode of transmission of, 125 period of communicability of, 125 source of infection of, 125 Meat, adulteration of, 344 effect of refrigeration and cold storage on, 332 inspection of, 321-322 parasitic organisms and, 394-396 pathogenic bacteria in, 390 poisoning, 390-393 Botulismus, 391-392 tapeworm and, 396 tuberculosis and, 390 use of sulphurous acid on, 339 Mecliunical fillers, 119 120 milker, 372 Medical examination, causes of rejection in draft, 47(i in navy and marine corps, 477 of eiiii)l(jyees in industrial l)iants, 666 pi'riodic. See Periodic Medical examinations, in industrial hygiene, 605 results of, in certain groups, 474-478 of school children, 739 inspection of school cliiklren. See School, Medical Inspec- tion, and public liealth nurse, 574-575 school insjiection and sanitary sur- veys, 234-235 service in camp, 548 in combat, 549 during retreat, 550 on march, 548 Meningitis, cerel)rospinal. See Cerebro- spinal meningitis. Meningococcus in cerebrospinal menin- gitis, 97 Mental age, determination of, 784-790 apathy, as factor influ(>ncing physi- cal deterioration, 472 characteristics in feeble-minded, 790 defectiveness, solution of the prob- lem, 792 defectives, prevalence of, 780 preventing and controlling measures, 780-794 deficiency, 782-783 disease among soldiers, 551 constitutional, 762-767 due to tissue changes, 758-761 disorders due to alcohol, 759-761 hygiene, 757-779 in adult, 772-774 general measures in, 775-778 marital state and, 774-775 school and, 771 training in infancy, 768-769 of older children, 770 at puberty, 771-772 work, effect of temperature on, 251 Mentality, determination of, 784-790 of soldiers, 521 Mercury poisoning, prevention and treatment of, 623 symptoms of, 622-623 uses of, in industrv, 622 Meteorology, 583 Methyl alcohol in food preservation, 334 Microbal auto-infection, 25 enz^^nes, 71 poisons, 26 Microbes, adaptation of, to soil, 19 tissue characteristics influencing entrance and growth of, 21-23 874 INDEX Microcfphalup, 781-782 Microiirjianisms, growth of, outside in- fected tissues, 24 identification of, by agfilutinatioii reaction, 36-87 comi)lenient-fixaf ion reaction, 48 increase and decrease of toxicity of, 20 of virulence of, 20 influence of quantity of, on infec- tion, 19 manner of i)roducing injury, 19 point of entry of, importance of, 23 relation of, to disease, 17-31 resistance of, 24 variation and degree of virulence of, 19-20 Midges, 593 Midwdves, control and supervision of, 670 ophthalmia neonatorum and, 670 puerperal sejiticemia and, 671 Mikvehs, Jewish ritual baths, 467-468 Miles' acid process, 432 Militan,' hygiene, 519-554 exercises, 524-525 general sanitation, 540-543 movement of troojis, 525-527 the recioiit. See Recruit, scope of, 519 service, results of physical examina- tions for, 475-477 Milk, adulteration of, 344, 348-349 bacteria in, growth of, 349 identification of, 383 pathogenic, 385-390 bacterial and other contaminations of, 347-384 bacteriological examination of, 383 boric acid in, 337 borne disease, relation of bacteria to, 349-363 typhoid fever, 132,134 bottled, bacteria in, 354 best, effect on infants, 358-359 effect on infants, 356 care of nursing bottles, 200 certified, 374-380 chemicals added to, from containers, 348 condensed, cdToct of, on infants, 356 conveyor of diphtheria, 101 of tuberculosis, 91 cows', proportion of infants con- sinning, 1560 deleterious substances in, due to improper feeding of cows, 348 detection of adulteration of, 364 of formaldehyde in, 336 determination of fat content, 364 of total solids, 364 diseases transmitted bv, 385 dn,-, 382-383 duties of rural health officer, 560 effect of improper supply on infant mortality, 679 epidemics, 'detection of, 389-390 Milk, germicides in, 348 grading of, advantages of, 374 regulations covering its sale, 370 infection, relation of tvphoid carrier to, 38S-3S'.) jtasteurizatiun of. .SVe also Pas- teurization of milk, in the home, 199-200 price of, relation of, to infant mor- tality, 730 ))rol)lem of city supplj', 347-349 products and t^q^hoid fever, 133 raw, bactericidal power of, 380 feeding of, to older children, 360 scarlet fever and, 389 septic sore-throat and, 115, 389 sterilization of, in the home, 198-199 store, bacteria in, 353-354 effect on infants, 356 ■ supply and sanitary surveys, 229 means to ensure proper, 363 methods of pul^lic sanitarv con- trol, 368-384 testing of, in bacteriological labora- tory, 365-368 used in infant feeding, bacterio- logical investigation of, 350-360 vehicle of infection, 218 Mind, serenity of, relation of, to health, 516-518 Mineral salts in food, 481 Mites, 594 Molluscum contagiosum, treatment of, in school children, 707 Mongolianism, 782 Morbidity statistics, 845-847 Moron, 780, 783, 786-788, 789 case liistories of, 792-794 Mortality among users of alcohol, 489 rates, increase in deaths from chronic organic diseases, 478 records, uses of, 820-821 relation of, to overweight, 483 statistics, 820-833. See also Death statistics, method of collecting, 835-836 Mosaic law, 735 Mosquito, culex and anopheles, 157 destniction of, 592 breeding ])laces, 448-449 jirevention and control and sanitary surveys, 236 relation of. Nationality, effect of, on mortality rate, 827 Nati\ity of parents, influence of, on birth-rate, 817 Natural ventilation, 265-266 Negri bodies, 161 Neurasthenics in the army, 521 Neuritis as a rcsidt of focal infection, 497 Neuropatliic ancestry, charts illustrat- ing, 781 Newspapers in health education, 740- 746 use of, by rural health officer, 578 New York State Commission on Ventila- tion, 245-246, 249-252, 253-255, 256- 257, 260, 266, 273, 274, 275, 277 Nitrates in water, 412 use of, as food preservatives, 338 Nitrites in water, 411-412 Nitro-aromatic poisoning, chronic, 625 pathology' of, 624-625 sjTnptoms of, 625 treatment of, 625-626 poisons, classification of, 624 Nitrogen in air, 240 as albuminoid ammonia in water, 411 as free ammonia in water, 411 total, in water, 411 Nitrous fumes poisoning, pathology of, 623-624 symptoms and treatment of, 624 Non-residents, effect of, on mortality rate, 829-830 Nose, disinfection of discharges from, 189 Notification in epidemic fighting, 221 Nuisances, duties of health officer, 560 Nurse and prenatal work, 682-683 home visits by. S7() INDEX Pastom- tivatincnt hv mail, Kio effects of, 165 for rabies, 163-166 iniimimty from, 165 intensive method of, 165 original method of, 164 results of, 165 Pasteurization of milk in home, 199-200, necessity for s,uper^^sion, 382 reasons for and against , 380 temperature necessary, 380 preservation of food by, 333 Pediculosis, treatment of, in school chil- dren, 707 Pellagra. :i deficiency cUsease, 325 relation to diet, 735 result of unbalanced diet. 320, 394 Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, report of, 603 Periodic medical examinations. 473, 474, 498 Peroxide, use of. as food preservative, 338-339 Personal cleanliness, necessity for, in industry, 645-646 rules of, 473 of soldiers, 540 hygiene, 471-498 Perspiration, 502 Petterson-Palmquist apparatus, 282 Pfeiffer phenomenon, 44 Phagocj'tic cells, 49-50 activitv of, 51 fixed, 49 motile, 49 Phagocytosis, 49-58 mechanism of, 51-52 Phosphate, acid, use of, in checking fly nuisance, 439 Physical apathy as factor influencing physical deterioration, 472 defects in school children, extent of, 708 deterioration, factors influencing, 472-473 examination of bathers, 462 strain as factor influencing physical deterioration, 472 in industrial occujiations, 655 work, effect of temperature on, 250 Physician and health department, 567 in the army, 545-551 personnel of. 546 ratio of. 545 in industrial plants, 665-667 reports of death by. 835 role of, in mental hygiene, 775-776 in public health education, 752 in rural health work, 557 Pike's Peak, effect of atmosphere, 243 Pin maps, 854 Pi tot tube, 280 Pityriasis versicolor, 173 Plague bacillus in cerebrospinal menin- gitis, 97 Plague, immunity in, 16() incidence of, 166 incubation period of, 167 infectious agent of. 166 methods of control of, 167 mode of transmission of, 166 period of communicability of, 167 quarantinable disease 798 source of infection of, 166 tvpes of, 166 Plant'poisons, 393-394 Plenum ventilation, 269 in industrial plants. 634 Plumbing inspection, 458 traps, 455-457 Pneumococciis in acute lobar pneumonia, 85 in cerebrospinal meningitis, 97 Pneumonia, acute lobar, incidence of, 85 incubation period of, 86 infectious agent of, 85 methods of control of, 86 modes of transmission of, 86 source of infection of, 85 as cause of infant death, 831 failure to control, 724 precipitin reaction in, 42-43 Poisoning, anilin, 609-610 by meat and fish, 391-393 from plant foods, 393-394 mushroom, 394 potato, 394 Poisons, animal, similar to toxins, 26 dnigs and metabolic, influencing physical deterioration, 473 microbal, 26 in munition works, 623-627 other than microbal. Preservatives in milk, detection of, 364 Pressure filters, 420 Privy, objections to, 428 sanitary, 428 vaults, "^297-299 methods of cleanliness and dis- infection, 191 typhoid fever and, 298 Prostitutes, feeblc-mindedness among, 790 Prostitution and venereal diseases, 151 Protein foods, 310, 480-481 Protozoa, adaptation of, to certain tis- sues, 18-19 Psychoneuroses, 764—765 Psychrometers, 285-288 Ptomains, 29, 391 Puberty, mental training at, 771-772 Public health education, 736 (•ooperating and assisting agencies, 756 dispensaries and, 754-755 feature campaigns and, 754 history of, 736 lectures, qualifications of lecturer, 750 newspapers and, 740 physician and, 752-754 in schools, 738 suggested reading, 755 use of exhibits, 748-750 of lectures, 750-751 Piililic lie;ilth education, use of moving l>ielures, 750 751 of periodic i)ul)lica- tions, 746 of jKjsters, 748 Publications, periodic, in ])\il)lic health education, 7 Hi Publicity in public health, 577-579 Puerperal septicemia, 671 Pulse-rate, effect of temperature on, 249 Pure food and drugs act, 341-343 Purification of water, methods of, 418 Pyroligneous acid, use of as food pre- servative, 338 Pyorrhea, 510-513 QuARANTiNABLE diseases, 798 Quarantine, maritime. See Maritime quarantine. R Rabies, 158-166 antirabic serum, 166 diagnosis of, 161 disposal of dogs suspected to be suffermg with, 162 incidence of, 158 incubation period of, 159 local treatment of bite, 163 methods of control of, 162 pasteur treatment of. See Pasteur treatment. symptoms of, 159 in dog, 160 in man, 160 transmission of, 159 Race, effect of, on mortab'ty rate, 827 Rat control, 600 extermination, 601 and sanitary survey, 236-237 Ration, definition of, 534 emergency, 537 field, 537"^ garrison, 534 importance of fresh foods in 327 reserve, 536-537 travel, 537 Rations, 534-537 types of, 534 Rats, breeding of, 599 classification of, 599 food habits of, 600 • general habits of, 600 migration of, 599 Recirculation, 276-277 Recreation, value of, in i)ersonal hygiene, 515^516 Recruit, physical and mental require- ments, 519-520 training of, 520 Red Cross Association, American Na- tional, 550 S7S IXDEX Reduction of }>;arl)aKe, 437 Refrigeration, ;i;n-332 Refuse, disposal of, in camp, 541 RegiincMital aid station, 546 Registration area, S34-So5 of birth. See Birth registration, of deaths, 833-845 history of, 833-835 Regidations of health lioard, special, 566 housing, 444-445 Relative humidity, 241, 242 determination of, 285-288 physiological elTects of, 255-257 in school rooms, 288 Relaxation, value of, in personal hygiene, 515-516 Report of an cjiidemic, 222 Reservoirs, impounding, 404 Resistance to disease, effect of atmos- pheric temperature on, 253 of infectious organisms, 24 Respiratoiy disease, as cause of infant 'death, 831 effect of temperature upon, 253 of ventilation upon, 274 influence of, upon infant mor- taUty, 680 diseases among soldiers, 551 transmitted through swimming pool, 460 infections, epidemiology, 217 Retreat, medical service during, 550 Revaccination, 121 Rheumatism, acute and chronic, result of focal infection, 497 of unbalanced diet, 320 Rickets as result of unbalanced diet, 320, 325 Rinderpest, 321 Ringworm, 172 treatment of, in school children, 707 Rockv mountain si)otted fever, incidence of, 171 incubation period of, 171 infectious agent of, 171 methods of control of, 171 mode of transmission of, 171 period of communicability of, 171 source of infection of, 171 Rodents, role of, in spread of tropical dis- eases, 598 Rooms, disinfection of, 190 Rotheln. .See (5erman measles. Rubella. See Cierman measles. Rubeola. (SV-e Measles. Ruehle tube, 291,292 Rural public health work, 5.55-582 S Salicylic acid, detection of, in food, 337 as food preservative, 337 Salt a food constituent, 328-329 use of, in food i)reservation, 333 Salting, a food preservative, 331 Salti)et(M', use of, as food preservative, 338 ; Sand fly and tropical disease, 593 Sanitary code, prosecution for violation of, 566-567 rural, 565-567 survey of camp, scheme for, 552, 554 fly breeding, 236 health budget, 237-238 department, 237 of rat extermination, 236 of water supplv, 417 surveys, 224-238 charities, 235 commerce and its effect on sanitation, 224 disposal of excreta, 230-231 garbage disposal, 234 general death-rates, 225-226 housing conditions, 232-233 industries and industrial haz- ards, 231-232 infant mortality, 227-229 medical school inspection, 234 milk supply, 229-230 mosquito prevention and con- trol, 236 population changes, 224-225 progress of sanitation, 224 public health laboratory, 235 publicity and education, 236 sanitation of markets, 233-234 school sanitation, 233 sources of information, 224 specific death-rates, 226-227 street sanitation, 234 water stipply, 229 train, 548 Sanitation, effect on mortality rate, 828 in epidemic fighting, 222 of swimming pools, 45^470 Saranac Lake Sanatorium, 240 Scabies, in school children, treatment of, 707 Scalp, care of, 505 Scarlatina. See Scarlet fever. Scarlet fever, 127-129 conveyed by milk, 389 immunity, 128 incidence, 127 incubation period of, 128 infectious agent of, 127 methods of control of, 128-1^29 mode of transmission of, 127 period of communicability of, 128 source of infection of, 127 Schick reaction, 103-109 control tests, 104 details of technic, 104 at different ages, 106-107 interpretation of, 106 negative in cases of suspected tlil)htheria, 108 ISDEX 879 iSchick react ion, iicrmaiu'iicc of iic^iativc reaction in ])crsons{lcvcluiiin^ natural inm. unity, 107-109 positive, 103 l>ractical value of, 106 ])scu(lorcaction, 104 School and mental hy}i;iene, 771 child, examination of, for jjhysical defects, 708-715 follow-up visits by nurse, 711 frequency of physical examina- tion, 709 hygiene of, 713-714 mode of i)hysical examination, 710-711 physical defects, 709 records of physical examina- tion, 712 standards of health, 709 houses, methods of cleaning and dis- infecting woodwork, 191 hygiene, 715-722 blackboards, 717 books, 717 cloakrooms, 720-721 desks and chairs, 717-718 lighting, 717 location of buildings, 715-716 maintenance of buildings, 722 size of classrooms, 716 special classes, 722 toilets, 721 ventilation, 718-720 walls, 717 washing and drinking facilities, 721 medical inspection and hvgiene, 700-722 emergenc}' treatment, 708 historv' of, 700-701 organization, 702-703 part of health program, 701 routine, 704 inspection, 708 types of, 703-704 sanitation and sanitary surveys, 233 Schoolrooms, open air, 266 sanitation of, 705 temperature and respiratory dis- poop 2 54 ventilation of, 266-268, 274-276 Schools, closing of, during epidemic of influenza, 77 epidemics, 706 contagious disea.ses in, 705-706 control of contagious eye and skin diseases, 706-708 health education in, 738 Screens in sewage treatment, 430-431 Scurvy, 324, 326 I relation to diet, 735 ! result of unbalanced diet, 320 Sea-sickness on troop transports, 529 Sedimentation in sewage treatment, 431 Segregation of passengers and crew in maritime quai-antine, 801 Seminal vr'.'-iclcs, infection of, as factor influencing physical deterioration, 473 Septic sore-throat, 115 conveyed by milk, 389 incubation period, 115 infectious agent of, 115 methods of control of, 115 mode of transmission of, 115 period of communicability of, 115 source of infection of, 115 tank, 432 Serum agglutinating, titration of, 33 reaction, 66, 67 prevention of, 67-68 treatment of developed shock, 68 Sewage, chemical precipitation of, 431 definition of, 428 disposal, 428-436 in camp, 541-543 dilution method, 428-429 duties of health officer, 560 sanitary surveys and, 230-231 in tropics, 588, 589 irrigation, 435 methods of artificial treatment, 429 objects of artificial treatment, 429 sterilization of, 435 Sewer gas, 458 Sewerage, house, 455-458 Sex, effect of, on mortaUty rate, 826 Shellfish, pathogenic bacteria in, 390 typhoid fever and, 133 Shoes, fitting of, to soldiers, 525 personal hygiene and, 507 Sinuses, infection of, as a factor influenc- ing physical deterioration, 473 Skin, care of, 502 diseases, contagious, control of, in schools, 706-708 infectious, caused by fungi, 172 incubation period of, 173 infectious agents of, 173 methods of control of, 173 mode of transmission of, 173 period of commimicability of, 173 source of infection of, 173 entrance and growth of micro- organisms, 21-22 parasitic diseases of, 506 reactions, practical value of, 69-70 Sleep, necessity for, 516 outdoor, 500-501 Sleeping balconies, arrangement of, 501 Slow sand filters, 418-419 Sludge, activated, 434-435 disposal, 435 Smallpox, 115-124 disinfection of, 123-124 incidence of, 116 isolation of, 123 prevention and control of, 117-124 registration of cases of, 123 880 INDEX Smallpox, transmission of, 116 vaccination. Smoke, volatile matter in, as food pre- servative. 33G Soapsuds solution for cleaning house and sickroom, 186 Social conditions, effect on infant mor- tality, 831 factors, as causative agents in dis- ease, classification of, 724 Sociologic and economic aspects of dis- ease, 723 Soda solution for cleaning house and sickroom, 186 Sodium hypochlorite disinfection of swimming pools, 464 Soil, 397-402 absori)tion of odors by, 40 1 bacteria in, 398-399, 400, 401-402 biological projierties of, 400 chemical properties of, 398-399 classification of, 397 fertUizing constituents of, 398 formation of, 397 phvsical properties of, 399-400 pollution, 400-401 diseases in tropics, 595 temperature of, 400 tj^jhoid fever and, 133 Soldier, diseases of, 551 inspection of i)erson and equipment, 523 value of hygienic training, 525 Sore-throats among soldiers, 551 Spices, use of, as food jjreservatives, 336 Spitting in industrial plants, 651-653 Springs as sources of water supplies, 404 Sputum as mode of tramsmission in tuberculosis, 90 from consumptives, disinfection of, 189-190 Standard methods for water analysis, 409 Starch test for peroxide in food, 339 Starchy foods, 480 Stations for slightly wounded, 548 Statistical errors due to difference in classification, 850-851 from compounding death-rate, 850 from paucity of data, 849 l)ercentages, 849-850 population, 848-849 to be avoided, 848-851 tables illustrative, 822, 824-825, 832, 853 Statistics, definition of, 805 epif lemiological , 2 1 9-22 1 industrial hygiene, 607-608 man-iage. See Marriage statistics, morbidity. See Morbidity statistics, occupat ional . .SVe Occupational sta- tistics, of stillbirths. See Stillbirths. vital. ^See Vital statistics. Statutes, health, 557 Steam disinfecting chambers, public, 196 Stereopticon, use of, in public health education, 750-751 '■Steri-lab," 424-426 Sterilization bv chemicals, 177 of mil kin home, 198-199 jireservation of food by, 333 Stillbirths, causes of, 820 certificate of N. Y. City Health De- partment, 819 rates, methods of computing, 820 statistics, 818-820 Stomach, entrance and growth of micro- organisms in, 22 Streets and sanitar\' surveys, 234 Streptococci in air, 258 Streptococcic sore-throat. See Septic sore-throat. Streptococcus in cerebrospinal menin- gitis, 97 Subcutaneous tissues, entrance and growth of microorganisms, 22 Sugar-cane, use of, in food preservation, 333 Sugars as food, 480 Sulphites, use of, as food preservatives, 339 Sulphur dioxide in disinfection of house, 195-196 of vessels, 802-803 ?'«. formaldehyde gas for disin- fection, 196 Sulphurous acid in food, 329 detection of, 340 use of, as food preservative, 339 Survey plan for camp, 552-554 for rural district, 581 sanitary. See Sanitary survey, ventilation, points to be covered in, 279 of water supply, 417 Susceptibility to disease, 211, 212, 213 Swimming pools, bacteriologic standards, 467 construction and equipment of, 460-462 control of bathers in, 462 dilution in, 463 diseases transmitted through, 459-460 laws governing, 468 management of water in, 462 refiltration of water in, 463 sanitation of, 459-470 standards for legislation, 468 Sypliilis, 146-147 cause of death, 843 of infant death, 833 of general paralysis, 758 cerebral, 759 effect on ofTsjiring, 760 factor influencing i^hvsical deteriora- tion, 473 incidence of, 146 incubation jjeriod of, 14() infectious agent of, 146 methods of control of, 146, 149-153 INDEX 881 Syphilis, mode of traiisinission of, 1 Ul period of conummicability of, 14(j relation of, to feeble-mindcdness, 788, 791 source of infection of, 146 Table utensils, disinfection of, 190 Tables, statistical, illustrative, 822, 824- 825, 832, 853 Tabulations, niechanical methods of, 845 Tags, identification, 545 Tapeworm, 396 Teeth, care of, 497, 510-513 infection of, as a factor influencing l^hysical deterioration, 473 Temperature of air, 242 atmospheric, 583 automatic control of, 264, 271 determination of, 283-285 effect of, on infants, 349, 355, 362 upon efficiency, 250-253 resistance to disease, 253 of factories, 285 influence of, on growth of bacteria in milk, 349 of offices, 284, 285 physiological effects of, 246-250 of rooms, 499 of schoolrooms, 276, 285 Tenements, model, 445 Tentage, 531-532 Tents, shelter, 532 Terminal disinfection, 184 Tetanus following vaccination, 122 incidence of, 153 incubation period of, 154 infecting agent of, 154 methods of control of, 154 mode of infection of, 154 period of communicability of, 154 source of infection of, 154 Tetrachlorethane ]ioisoning, 627 Texas fever and meat inspection, 321 Thermal standards of ventilation, 263 Thermostats, value of, 264-265, 276 Ticks, 594 Tinea circinata, 172 favosa, 173 versicolor, 173 Titration of agglutinating serum, 33 Tobacco, 491-496 economic aspect of, 495 effects of, 491-495, 496 Toilets, in industrial plants, 650 in schools, 721 Tonsils, infection of, as factor influencing physical deterioration, 473 Towel supply in industrial plants, 649 in schools, 721 Toxicity of microorganisms, increase and decrease of, 20 Toxin, extracellular, 26 hypersensitiveness, 64-65 Toxin, intracellular, 26 'rraclioiiia, incidences of, 87 , incubation period of, 88 infectious agent of, 87 management of, in school children, 707 methods of control of, 88 mode of transmission of, 88 period of communicalulitj- of, 88 source of infection of, 88 Transports, troop, capacity of, 529 Trauma, mental and physical as a factor influencing jihysical deterioration, 473 Trench fever, 859 Trenches, hygiene of, 543 Trichina sjnralis, 394-396 Trichinosis, incidence of, 174 inculcation period of, 174 infectious agent of, 174 methods of control of, 174 mode of transmission of, 174 period of communicability of, 174 source of infection of, 174 Troops, feeding of, wliile on march, 526 movement of, 525-527 moving, equipment of, 530 personal hygiene of, 540 rate of marching of, 526 shelter of, 530-532 transportation of, by rail, 527-529 by water, 529-530 water supply of, 537-540 on march, 526-527 Tropical hygiene, 583-(i01 Tubercle bacillus in dust, 257 human and bovine types, 89 in milk, 383 in w'ater, 417 Tuberculin, use of, 94 Tuberculosis, 88-95 among soldiers, 551 beginning of antituberculosis move- ment, 737 bovine in man, 91-92, 386-388 causes other than tubercle bacillus, 724 deaths from, 88 disinfection of sputum, 189-190 dried and moist sputum, 90 duty of attending ])hysician, 570 earlv detection of, in school children, 706 economic aspect of, 88 etiology of, 89 factor influencing physical deteriora- tion, 473 housing, and, 294-295 444, 726 immunity agaiiLSt, 93 incidence of, 88 incubation period, 95 individual suscei)tibility, 93 in industry-, 607 infected meat, 390 influence of prosperity on death-rate, 89 ingestion infection, 91 S82 INDEX Tuberculosis, institutional care of, 94 invalidism due to, 727 methods of control, 95 mineral dust and, 259 mode of infection, 88-90, 94 of transmission, 94 jicriod of communicability, 95 public health nurse and, 574 pulmonary, mortality rate in New York City, 726 occupation as causative factor of, 726 relation of, to income, 727 social and economic aspects of, 725-728 source of infection of, 94 special classes for tuberculous cliil- dren, 722 Typhoid bacillus in cerebrospinal menin- gitis, 97 in milk, 383 in water, 415, 416 fever, 131-139 'carriers, 133-134 diagnosis of, 134-136 endemic, 131 factor influencing physical de- terioration, 473 from raw vegetables, 393 gastro-intestinal disease pre- ceding outbreak of, 205 ice-borne, 408 immunity, 136 incidence of, 131 mcubation period of, 136 infectious agent of, 131 methods of control of, 137-139 mode of transmission of, 131 oysters and, 390 period of communicability of, 136 privy and, 298, 428 relation of typhoid carrier to milk infection, 388-389 soldier and, 551 transmitted through swimming pool, 459 in tro])ics, 597 vaccination in, 136-137 water-borne, 407-417 residual, 131 Typhus fever, economic aspects of, 735 (luarantinal)le disease, 798 U Ultka-\ioli:t light disinfection of swim- ming pools, 464-465 ray in sterilization of water, 423 I'niform, service and dress, 522 I'. Variola. Sec Smallpox. Vegetables, canned, aduleratiou of, 345, 346 part of dietarv', 318 raw, infection from, 393 typhoid fever and, 133 Venereal diseases, 144-153 alcohol and, 152 among soldiers, 551 control of, 149-153 economic aspects of, 144 education and pubUcity and, 152-153 effects of, 144-145, 502 forbidden occupations and, 151 incidence of, 144, 146, 147-148 individual prophylaxis in, 153 influence of, on birth-rate, 817 necessity for treatment of, 150 pro.stitution and, 151-152 registration of, cases of, 151 relation of, to housing condi- tions, 300 in sea ports, 724 transmitted through swimming pool, 460 Ventilation, 239-292 l)alance system, 635 choice of method, 274-276 cooling, artificial, 277-278 distribution of air, 272-274 drafts and dust, 631 exhaust system, 634 Fairfield system, 266-268 heating an\l, 263-265 in houses, 296, 448 INDI'JX 883 Venfilation in industrial plants, 027-^).% Kin>i: system, 2()7 nicclianical, 2()S-274, G-'iS natural, 2()o, 2(j0 cases in wliich it is unsatisfac- tory, 632 devices to assist, 628 objects and standards, 261-263 operation factor, 27S j/lenum system, 634 l)ractical methods, 261-278 recirculation, 27(5-277 relation to personal hygiene, 499 of schoolrooms, 718-720 surveys of, 279-280 testinfr of e(iuipnient, 279-282 value of outdoor air, 278 Vessels, diagnosis of, in maritime quar- antine, 799-800 disinfection of, 802 inspection of, 798-799 types of, met with in maritime quar- antine, 796-798 Vinegar, use of, in food preservation, 333-334 Violet-ray, use of, in food preservation, 340 Virulence of infecting organisms, 211, 212, 213-214 of microorganisms, increase and decrease of, 20 variation in degree of, 19, 20 ViruHns, 71-72 Vision, defective, relation of, to personal hygiene, 513 ^■ital statistics, 805-858 books of reference, 808 definition of, 805 essential requisites of, 808 history of, 807 purpose of, 805-807 rules of, usage of, 806-807 Vitamines, 320-321, 324-326, 481 diseases due to lack of, 324-325 effect of, on drying food, 331 experimental evidence for, 325 fat soluble, 325 mode of action of, 325 sources of, 325 water soluble, 325 W Wage earners, number of, 602-603 annually sick, COS Waste, collection of, 436-437 disposal, 436-442 in U. S. Woolsorters' disease. See Anthrax. Work, effect of speeding up and over- time on, 654 monotonous, effect of, 654-655 physical effects of, 515 Worry as cause of disease, 517 Wounded, care of, on battlefield, 544 search for, after battle, 550 Xerophthalmia, relation of, to diet, 735 Yellow fever, incidence of, 156 incubation period of, 156 infectious agent of, 1.56 methods of control of, 156-158 mode of transmission of, 156 mosquito and, 592 period of communirabilitv of, 156 quarantinable disease, 798 source of infection of, 156 Zinc poisoning. See Brass. / PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY ^o|lf«. 