None
284-292, 297 Atmospheric dust, fog, smoke, snow- water, corrosive elements in, 415, 416 Atmospheric gases, acid, influences, 8, 14. 92, 93. 183. 228, 265, 266. 291-295, 324, 325,397, 406, 411-413 Boiled linseed coatings, 14-16, 28-25, 281-283, 296, 389 Brick water-proofing, efflorescence, 113, 164, 165 Brick-dust paints, 48, 52, 53, 187, 188 Bridge anchorage and cable corrosion, 389-392, 307 Bridge anchorage and cable electroly- sis, 387 Bridge anchorage and cable painting, 816 Bridge paints and coatings, 889-392 " tests. 279-303 Brooklyn gas-, water-pipe corrosion, 892, 893 Burning off mill -scale and paint, 277, 278 Bung-hole oil, 209, 210, 238. 234, 238, 246 C. Calcining iron ore, 80, 31, 83 Candle-lar pitch, 129-136 Carbonic acid in air. 825, 415 '* in pigments, 62, 74, 411, 418, 415, 417 Carbonized coating. 287, 291-294. 297 Carbon bisulphide, tetrachloride of carbon, 203-207, 228 Carbonates of lead, lime, zinc, 7, 45. 61, 64, 75 Carbon and bone-black paint, 281 group of pigments, 98, 104^ 110 litharge, red-lead mixture**, 281 paints and varnishes, 110, 111, 284-290 423 «« << 424 INDEX. (C it Carter's, Cliuchy's quick process white leads, 66-69 Cast iron not exempt from electrolysis, 308 Catalysis, catalytic action in paint, 225, 267 Caustic action of lime, cement, con- crete, 18, 150, 268-270 Caustic action of roasting ore, 82-34, 40 Caustic compound, removing paint, 277, 278 Cements, Portland, etc., 149-166 coatings, 152-168 porosity, 165, 156 neat, strength, 154 iron sulphide in, 151 Cellular formation of wood, 12 Cerussite, cerussa, 60 Coal-tar, analysis, tension in boiling, 124 Coal-tar coatings, 107-109, 124^186, 338 Coal-tar paints, 286 to 291 ** dipping- tank, 184 distillation, 125-127 Coal- and water-gas tars, 101-109, 128-135, 400 Colophony, 193 Concrete qualities, 154-168 " voids in, produce corrosion, 158, 159 Cortisine, 288 Chemical action in corrosion, 858- 859, 862 Chemical action in paint, 8-55, 92, 98 Chemical composition of glycerides, oils, and fats, 10, 78, 218, 237, 240, 250, 417, 418 Chemical changes, tests, linseed and other oils. Sec Linseed Oil. Chemical action of soils, 161, 378, 879, 398 Chinese wood-oil, 251-260 ; lacquers, 279 Chinese-Japanese natural varnishes, 256-260 Chrome blue, green, red, yellow, 8 Chalk, carbonate of lime, 184, 282 Chalking of white lead, 74-76, 80, 816, 391 Chinese, celestial, ultramarine blues, 281, 282 Cooper's lines in corrosion, 857 Copal fossil resins, 111-118, 199, 224, 242, 803, 400, 401, 405, 407 Copperas and oxides, 7, 36, 40, 266 Co])])er. metallic salts corrosion, 89, 177, 264, 836, 344, 362, 379, 881, 395 Cleaning paints, metal, 8, 12, 18, 20» 270 277 278 Clarifying linseed-oil, 228, 284, 235. 243-245 Coloring, covering power, 2-5, 246 Combustion gases, effects on paint, 8, 9, 54, 175, 294, 801, 802 Commercial white lead, 67, 68, 66, 77^0 Compound paints, 8, 6, 7, 12, 80, 86. 186, 281-288. 291, 296, 299, 811, 812- 815, 819; marine use, 898, 899 Compounds, use of zinc in boilers, method to prevent corrosion, 182, 840, 848. 845-848 Compounds, Wurtz's method to pre- vent corrosion, 188. 828, 829. 889 Changes in cast iron from fresh- and sea- water exposure, 828, 824, 829, 880, 338, 860 Changes in paints, pigments, 56, 76, 92, 95, 265-267, 411-413 Coal, cinder, and soil corrosion, 120, 161. 162, 878, 879, 882 Concrete corrosion, 154-168, 889, 895 Corroding effect of water in boilers, 875 Cost of water-pipe coatings, 124, 126 " galvanizing, 177, 180 " painting, 19, 20; by spray, 804- 806 " " sand-blasting. 273, 274 Crocus. 26 Crystalline white lead, 72, 77, 83 Cubic feet and weight of gases, 41 1 Corrosion: Admiralty, Board of Trade, Lloyd's, Thwaifs rules, 824, 325, 381 alloys, aluminum, arsenic, etc., 162, 401, 402, 405-407 anchors and chains, 884 anti-corrosive and anti-fouling paints, 400-407 boiler sheets and rivets. 838, 884, 849 '* metal dissolved, 848 brids^e cables and anchorages, 816, 889-892, 397, 898 cannon, 385 car- wheels, cold -rolled iron, 827, 828 cast iron, wrought iron, steel, rate, 322, 823. 330-882 cast-iron cubes, 824, 825, 881 central- station heating-pipes, 847, 348, 874, 876 chill-irons, 328, 829 cold short, hot short, and laminated irons, 827, 332 docks, piles, water-gates, 324-826 Faraday's law, 868, 388, 889. 892 INDEX. 425 Corrosion : by stress. 848-853 floor and sidewalk beams, 161, 268- d70, 274, 884 French torpedo-boats, 848, 846, 406 from electrolysis, 879-881 *< sewage, 264, 828, 880 ffas- and water-pipes, 161, 261, 847 Hambuchen's rapid method, 869-869 hardened and burnt steel, 861, 868- 868 how induced, 26-28, 156, '167, 261, 840, 848, 860-864 how prevented, 27, 184, 167, 170, 180, 269. 270, 824. 828, 829, 889, 846, 846, 879, 889, 891, 896 of metals in contact, 262, 264, 840- 842 of metals in oils, 414 Corrosion: mine pipes, 889 New York Elevated Railway, 261, 295-297 Peoria water stand-pipe, 152, 168, 874-878 steel grillage, anchorage metal, 154, 158-160 stray electric currents, 886-889 St. Lawrence River Bridge. 298, 842 868 Tay Bridge, 848 rag bolts, 892 tee-rails, cross-ties, 886-888, 886 tin roofs, 88, 89, 48, 44, 55, 188 tunnel-shields, metal, 157, 158, 824, 827. 885, 889 United States Navy Yard practice, 268, 264 D. Dangerous paints, 8, 110, 120, 154, 208, 204, 306 Dangers from electrolysis in suspen- sion bridges, 896, 897 Darkening of paint, 10. 40; white lead, 77, 78 Davis's silicate coating. 328. 889, 396 Dead oil in pipe coatings, 127, 128 Dead-wood turpentine, 191 Decay of paint, 8, 9, 13, 83, 35, 92, 93, 120, 121, 162, 261-270. 818 Decomposition of iron in corrosion, 156, 157 Delhi column, 170, 171. (Bower- Barff.) Designing paint. 6, 16, 817, 818 Dish test for paint, 288-285 Distillation of coal-taroils, 124, 126. 127 Distillation of turpentine, 127-134 Drying of linseed-oil, 181, 139, 218, 220, 228, 235, 236, 288; under glass, 237 Drying of sulphuric-acid oils, 7, 230, 231 Driers, drying of paints, 7, 10, 48, 51, 139, 140 Dr. Angus Smith's anti-corrosive coat- ing, 124-127, 287, 394 Dr. Dudley's boiled -oil coating, 14 " " paint formula, 42 ** Wurtz's anti- corrosive process, 180, 839 Durable metal coatings, 287, 297, 800, 898 E. Effect of driers, dead oil, 95, 114, 229, 23o, 303 Effect of heat on boiling, drj-ing oil and paints. 8, 116, 227, 236. 237. 239. 246, 247, 802, 803, 308 Effect of heat and hydric-sulphide on paint. 54. 77, 80. 94, 116, 140, 1H6, 287-291, 298, 302, 303 Effect of sea-air, sea-water, 264, 287- 294. 324. 334, 335, 340-344, 400-407 Effect of sewage, condensation water, 204, 330 Effect of strain in corrosion, 349-352 " " spray painting, frost, 11, 246, 308 Efflorescence on brick walla, 163, 164 Eiffel, M.. rag-bolt. 392 Electrolytic action in paint, 31, 35, 36, 120, 149, 155, 318, 362 Electrolytic paints, 146, 873 white lead, 10, 71-73 Electrolysis. 371-399; action, 363; de- fined, 370 Electrolysis in buildings, 871; bridges, cables, 373, 387-393 Electrolysis, coatings, 373, 389-391, 396, 399 Electrolysis in concrete conduits, 395 Faraday's law, 363, 392; rate of, 393 Electrolysis in gas-pipes, 384; water- pipes, '379, 383, 396 Electrolysis, Hambuchen's rapid ac- tion, 3r^-369 Electrolysis in street tee-rails, 385-888 ** in telephone cables, 381, 385, 388 Electrolysis, resistance of pipe joints.396 426 INDEX. Electrolysis, Washington Naval Ob- servatory. 873 £lectro-chemical action for preventing corrosion, 180-182, 328, 889, 840. 843 Eleetro-chemical action of metals in contact, 260, 264, 840-342 Electro-cliemical alloys, 401-407 " elements, 131 Berzelius', 420 Electric currents, divided, stray, 880, 386, 399 Electric currents, jump and shunt of, 372.388 Electric voltages in corrosion, 872, 877, 379, 380, 386-388, 394, 396 Electric-fumaoe graphite, 142-144 Electro - zincing processes, solutions, 174. 176, 179. 180 Electro-motive force in zinc batteries, 855 Electro-motive force in corrosion, 354 ** " *' metal under strain, 852, 853 Enamel paints, 116, 121, 180. 318-321 Engineers' indifference to cleaning metal 20-26, 275. 276 Euphorbium, anti-corrosive coatings^ 254-256, 891 Essential elements in a good paint, 1» 20-2i. 117 F. Fading of paint, 10, 40 Failure of cement coatings, 152, 154 157, 389, 390, 392, 396 Failure of paint coatings, 12, 20, 54r-5 ;, 297, 310-312. 316 Failure of water-pipe coatings, 132 Fatty turpentine, 199 " acids, oils, solvents, 10, 78, 218, 220. 237. 238, 240, 250, 417, 418 Feldspar, 188; refractive power, 8 Ferredor paint (English), 290, 314; see also Crosley's, Armor- scale, Landers and Torbay's, 314, 315 Ferric-paint test, 279-303 Fibrin, animal and vegetable, 418 Flake graphite, 19, 136-138; see Graphite Floor-beam corrosion, 277, 278 Flax plant, linseed, analysis, etc., 211— 221 FormulsB for caustic compounds, 277, 278 Formulae for enamels, 319, 320 ** non-corrosive cement, 268 ** paints, 42, 295, 396 •* Japan driers, 208-210 Fossil -resins, 111-118, 199, 224, 242, 303 synthetical, 118 varnishes, marine paint, 318^20, 821, 400-407 French white lead, zinc oxide, 66, 91 ochre, 42, 312 Fugitive colors, 6, 265, 266 Fulton's flake whites, 66-69 Furnace slags, slag cement, mineral- wood slag, 146, 147, 151 G. Galvanizing, hot and cold processes, 172-174, 180. 369 Galvanized iron paints peel, 11. 174, 204 " " cost, 177; corrosion, 174, 175, 178 Galvanized iron, durability, 175, 181- 183 Galvanized iron, porosity, 173 ; protec- tion, 175, 176 Galvanized iron, hardness, thickness, 176, 178, 179 Galvanized iron wires, loss of strength, 178-180 Galvanized iron, painting with bisul- phide of carbon, 207 Galvanic action in cements, 154 " ** " different metals in contact, 330, 840, 341, 344 Galvanic action in metal, oxide, pig- ments, 186, 245, 363 Gasolene torch, burning off paint with, 277, 278 Gas-tank, coal-tar coating, 133, 165 Gas coal-tar water-pipe coatings, 287- 291, 396 Gas and water-pipe corrosion, elec- trolysis. 175, 876-386, 892, 393 Gas-holder, spray- painting, 804 Gilsonite, 105 Glass, refractive power, 8 " drying oil under, 239 Glycerine, glvcerine ether, 86, 218, 220. 237, 238, 250. 417, 418 Graphite, analysis. 137 ; importation, 17 Gypsum, 6, 40. 188. 192, 269, 408, 413 Graphite, Acheson's electric, 142-144 f INDEX, 427 Graphite paint, 19, 52. 136-144, 281, 285, 291-294, 297, 406. 408 Graphite paint teste, 140-142 Graphite, electro-negative character, 146 Graphitic iron in corrosion, 820, 888 Graphite,slow driers, 297; yarieties,186 Hambuechen'M rapid corrosion, 359-369 Heat influence on paint. 116, 227, 286, 237. 289. 246, 247. 302, 308. 308 Hematite ores and pigments, 30-35 Hydrate of lead, hydrat^d carbonates, 4.5.46.61,66,71.74,75 Hydraulic cement, analysis of, 149, 150 •• coating, water-pipes, 153, 896 Hydraulic cracking, settmg, strength, 150—154 Hydraulic Portland and slag cements, 150. 151. 157, 290 Hydraulic-cement protection of metal, 153, 154, 157-160, 164. 165, 395 Hydraulic cement porosity, 155-157,396 Hydraulic cement, effect of sulphur, iron sulphide in. 156, 157, 164. 171 Hydraulic cement, Norton's experi- ments, 158, 159 Hydraulic cement, marine coatings. 152 rendering, 153, 162- 165 Hydraulic cement, waterproofing, 162 «* •♦ use for steel grill- age, 158. 154, 158-160 Hydraulic cement, use in tunnels, 159, 160 Hydric-sulphide effect on paint, 54, 80, 140, 186. 287-291 Hydrogen evolved in corrosion, 28, 89. 261, 354 Immersion test for paints, 279-284 Inert pigments. 35, 184-192, 286, 408, 409 ^ ^, Indian red, Venetian red, 35, 37, 40, 41 Influences that affect paints, 20-26, 275, 276, 300-308. 411, 417, 418 Insulating paints, 146, 373 Inspectors and engineers, cleaning of metal, 20-26. 275. 276 Iodine and saponification numbers for oils, 243 Iron column at Delhi, 170, 171 Iron, changes by corrosion, 28, 324, 326, 329. 330. 334, 3;i7. 338. 342. 392 Iron, ores, oxides, analyses, qualities, 26-40 Iron-oxide pigments, condensed moist- ure gases, 35 Iron-oxide pigments, durability, 6, 88 ♦* ♦' mixing defects. 37 Iron porosity in bars, ingots, tyres, 334 *' oxide pigments. 30-38, 138, 281, 282, 284. 291-293, 818-315, 406, 409, 410, 412, 419 Japan driers, formulae, 201-208 •• •♦ bunir-hole driers, 209,210, 234. 238, 246 Japan driers, baked coatings, 119-122 Japanese and Chinese natural var- nishes, 256-260 Japanese and Chinese lacquers, 279 K. Kaolin (terra alba), 190 Kauri, fossil-resin coatings, 112, 113, 401-404 Kerosene, mineral oils, 105 Knudson, A. A., electrolysis of street tee- rails, 386. 387 Kirkwood, James E., coating cast-iron water-pipes, 128 L. Labor cost in paint, 19, 21, 22 Lacquers, 113, 256-260, 279 Lampblacks. 5, 16, 18, 49, 50, 98-102 acids in, 98. 100 Lampblacks, bleaching, 102; combus- tion by, 101; durability, 102. 155, 161 Lampblack mixtures, 49, 50, 281, 408, 419 428 INDEX. I4impb1ack8, slow driers, 50, 100, 102 Lead ores, analysis, 45, 46 ; amount corroded, 69 Lead carbonate, chlorate, 45, 47, 60, 61 66. 67, 74, 75, 282 Lead, hydrate and protoxide, 40, 60, 66, 71, 74. 75 Lead pigments, 48, 74, 75, 408, 412 adulterants, 57, 58, 65, 77-80 Lead, electrolytic white, 70, 72, 78 •• "Old Dutch Process" white, 61-75 Lead, pulp white, 68 " sublimed white, 88-88 " soap, 10, 49, 74, 75, 78, 86, 285, 287, 288, 264, 266 Lead sulphide and sulphate, 86, 46, 66, 94. 95 Light refracting of pigments, 8, 4, 5 Linoleic, linolenic, and isolinoleic adds, 219, 220, 226, 237, 418 Linoleate of lead. 284, 289 Linoleum, 94, 280, 288 Linseed, analysis of, 216, 217 ; seed and sources of supply, 211, 218, 215 Linseed extraction processes, 220 ; in- spection, 219 ; yield of oil, 218 Linseed fatty acids, 220 '* in paint pastes, 418, 419 " tests, 240-247 ; transparency, 54 Linseed, unripe seed, 222, 228, 285. 289, 242. 814 Linseed, sulphur effects on, 223 Linseed-oil, 18; analysis, 220 adulterations, 219, 240, 242, 248,814 Linseedoil, boiling data, 127-129, 220- 246 Linseed-oil, bung-hole boiled, 209, 210, 288, 234, 246 Linseed -oil, coloring power, 8 driers. 225-285 drying, 181, 189, 218-228, 285-289 Litharge analysis, 59 ; driers and qualities. 17, 47-49, 226. 282, 408 Lithogen silicate paint test. 291-298 Lithopone, 94, 95 186. 288, 409 Lucol, 249-251, 297, 417 M. Maize, grain oils, 79. 228 Manganese driers, 41, 48, 206, 226, 227, 232, 234, 238 Manganese dioxide, analysis, 227; pamt, 281 Maltha paints, failure, 110. 207 Marine alloys and paints. 96, 400-407 Marl analysis, 190 Mastic resin varnishes, 117, 391 Masonry waterproofing. 164. 165 Menhaden, fish, and marine animal oils. 224. 242, 243. 251 Metallic salt corrosion, 89. 152, 177, 236 263, 264, 386, 343, 344, 862. 879, 381, 395 Metallic salt base of pigments, 410, 420 Merrimac River pollution, 828 •' Chain Bridge paint,102 Mineral wool, 147 wax, 109 ** rubber paint. 289, 297 pipe dips, 129, 130 Mineral -oil clTects tests for, 47, 57, 241. 245, 308, 814 Mineral-pitch oils, 104 Mill-scale corrosion, 24, 154, 264, 271- 278, 296, 361 Mixed paints, 98, 310-821 Muriatic-acid pickling, 224 Mulder's brick-dust paints, 52. 53, 188 N. Natural varnishes, 256-260 New York elevated railway paint and corrosion, 262, 295-298 Niagara Falls suspension bridge cor- rosion, 160, 889 Nickel-coating, 177; alloy corrosion, 406 Non-corrosive mortar, 269, 270 water-pipe enamel, 289 (( O. Objection to water-tests of paints, 279 Oil and corrosion of metals, 414 ** fatty acids, and solvents, 220-224, 417. 4i8 Oil in ]mint pastes. 418, 419 Oil coathigs, 14, 15. 24, 281-288 at the mill, 23-25 skin experiments, 289, 244, 300-308 sulphur in, 245 if << INDEX, 429 Oleic acid and ether, 220, 418 Olein paint oil, 250, 251, 417 Oxides of lead and zinc, 6, 17, 46, 74, 89—97 175 Oxides of iron. 6. 7, 10, 17, 26, 28, 30- 37, 138, 157, 160, 281-284, 291-294, 318-315, 334, 406, 409 Oxidizing of paint, 7, 10 Oxychloride of lead, 67 Oxygen in pigments, 411, 412 Orange mineral, 17, 69; Paris red, 60 Organic matter in paints, 10 P. Paints, adulterations, analyses, 7, 40, 421 Paints, atmospheric gases, acids, light, action on, 3-10. See A, B, Index Paints, characteristics, 410 changes in, 8, 10, 55, 92, 98, 265-268. 412, 418 Paints, coal-tar, 287-291 coloring and covering power, 2-5. 186. 187 Paints, dangerous, 8, 110, 120, 154, 208, 204, 306 Paints, destruction of, 8, 9, 13, 264 decay of, 116. See D, Index effect of heat, frost, sea-air, sea- water, strain, spray-painting, etc. See E. Index Paints, failures, fading, fugitive colors, fossil resins, rain, wind, 9, 14, 40 Paints, formulae, 42, 295, 896 '* graphite, galvanizing. See G, Index Paints, hydraulic cement. See H, In- dex Paints, inert pigments. See I, Index '• labor cost, 19, 21, 22, 124, 185, 313, 314 Paints, mixed, 93, 310-321 Mulder's brick-dust, 52, 53, 183 Maltha failures, 110, 297 mineral-oil effects, tests for, 47, 59, 77. 241, 245, 303, 814 Paints, mixtures, 8, 7, 18, 49, 52, .54, 55, 80, 98, 95, 96, 187, 188, 206, 319 Paints, peeling, crazing, livering, 11- 14, 25, 44. 88, 92, 152, 174, 175, 216, 227, 246, 308, 319 Paints, removal, burning, caustic com- pounds, 277, 278 Paints, statistics, 7, 17, 314 (i Paints, thickness of coating, 19, 35, 373 Paint-tests, 16, 60, 65, 57, 68, 77, 81- 83, 96. 279-303 Paint tests. United States Navy Yard, 55, 96. See T, Index Paint-tests, marine, 400-407 " by water, 279-281, 284 Painting by contractors, 311, 318 at the mill, 23-26 with boiled oU, 14, 16, 24, 281-283 Painting cement coatings, brick walls, 164, 165 Painting galvanized iron, 11. 174, 175 ** old sign boards, 102 by spray, 37, 804-309, 316 Paraffin, 109, 418 Pickling, cleaning metal. 25, 275. 276 Pigments, inert, 85, 184-192. 408, 409 Pipe-dips, 129-135; dipping-tank, 134, 135 Pitch, candle-tar, 129-136 Pitting in boilers and water stand- pipes, 263, 333, 346, 860 Polarization of turpentine, 194 Poppy-seed and porgy oils, 80, 222-224, 240, 417 Porosity of iron and steel, 173, 332, 834 Porosity of cement, concrete, paint, 155. 156, 178. 176. 396 Portland cement, 150-158 Printers' varnish. 227 Proportion of oil in paint pastes, 8, 7, 15, 87. 52, 54. 58. 418, 419 Putty, 185, 186, 288 Pyrolusite analysis, 227; paint, 281 Pyroligneous acid, 195-197 Q. <Juick-proc6S8 white lead or whites, 65-79 R. Railway-car cleaning, painting, 277, 278, 806 liape-seod, Russian seed oils, 215, 216, 225, 245 Red lead. 19, 22. 46, 66, 60; adultera- tions. 48. 57, 58 Red-lead changes, 54, 58, 183, 803, 412 430 INDEX, Ked-lead driera, drying. 51. 52, 282 failures of, coating, 54-50, Red-lead mixtures, 54, 58, 281; lamp- black, zinc oxide, 49-56. 286, 299, 812, 816 Red lead, Mulder's brick-dust, 58 '• " proportion in paint, 58, 419 * * " ready-mixed , standard ,55, 57 Red-lead setting, 48, 49, 56, 57, 102, 312 Red-lead tests, 57, 281. 288, 291, 299, 800. See T, Index Red lead, Paris red, orange mineral, 60 Refraction of light in pigments, 3-6, 10 Uufractometer, Abbe's, 240 Resin, resin-oUs, 199, 224, 242, 303» 819, 820 Roasting ores, pigments, 32-84, 40 Roofing pitch and paint, 107, 129, 289» 290 Ruberine paints, pipe-dips, 180, 297 Rust produces rust, 28, 157, 261, 392 *• . mill-scale corrosion, removal, 24„ 154, 264, 271-278, 296, 861 Rust, removal by burning, pickling, steaming, 275-278 Rust, pipe- joints burst, 261 S. Sand-blast apparatus, 271, 272 cleaning, 8, 13. 22, 270-278, 296, 808, 816; costs, 273-276 Sea- air, sea- water corrosion, 58. See E, Index Sea-air, galvanizing, 324-826; marine paints, 400-407 Sewage, condensation water in boiler corrosion, 264, 328, 330. 348 Setting of red lead. 48, 49, 50, 102 Shellac, 114. 115, 209 Silica floated, blanc fixe. See Barytes, Index Silica graphite paints, 188-140 " sand, 8, 191, 192 Silicate coatings prevent corrosion, 828, 339 Slags, slag sand, slag cements, 150 Slag paint, 290; blast-furnace slag, 147 Snow-water, smoke, corrosive elements in, 415 Soaps, lead and zinc, 10, 49, 74, 76, 78, 86, 235, 287, 238, 264. 266 Soapstone, 139, 191, 192 Solvents, oils, and fatty acids, 117, 417, 418 Spanish-brown, 48. 44 Specific gravities, 8, 37. 49. 59, 83, 113, 139, 143, 188, 190. 191, 193, 203. 206, 218. 220, 221, 224. 237, 250. 253. 324. 328, 408-411, 416-418 Spennrath's experiments, 300-308 Spirits of turpentine, 116. 122, 198-202 Spray-painting, cost, danger, durabil- itv. effect of cold, porosity, 87, 304- 809, 316 Stand-pipe corrosion, 152, 168, 874-378 Storage of linseed-oil, 255 Stray electrical currents, 886-388, 397 Steam, removing and testing paint, 277 Steel, effects of pickling, 275-277 Strain in metal corrosion, 9, 348-358 Sublimed lead, 83-87, 817, 412 Suspension-bridge cable corrosion, 160 electrolysis, 387, 396, 897 Suspension-bridge failures, 390, 391 '' paint coatings, 389» 380, 391 Substitutes for linseed-oil, 248-260 Sulphur compounds, 36, 37, 202 *• •' in cement, con- crete, 157 Sulphur compounds in cinders, 161» 162, 269, 834 Sulphur compounds in oils, 245 Sulphuric-acid oils, 2, 28, 280, 231, 244, 245 Sulphuric acid in cement, concrete, 151, 156. 157. 164. 171 Sulphuric acid in cinders, 161, 162, 269, 334 Sulphuric acid in locomotive exhaust » gases, tunnels. 336, 387 Sulphuric-acid effects on oils and paints, 7, 31. 33. 50, 58, 77, 113, 206, 244, 264. 265, 266 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 9, 62, 140 148. 186, 329 Sulphate and sulphide of lead, iron, zinc, 46, 62, 86. 94, 95, 276, 409.412.413 Sulphate of lime, 3, 36, 52, 154. 186, 189 T. Talc, soapstone refraction 8 Tables and data, 408-421 Tay Bridge disaster, 842 Terra alba, 190 INDEX. 431 Tee-rail, crofls-tie corrosion, 88^-888, 386 Temperature and hydric sulphide ef- fects on paint, 54, 77, 80, 94, 140, 186, 287-391, 298, 802, 803 Temc , tin-plate, and tin-roof corrosion, 23, 88, 39, 42, 44, 55, 175, 176, 188 Tetrachloride of carbon, drier, solv- ent. 206, 207, 417 Tests for linseed- and resin-oils, 142, 144. 199. 224, 240-247, 819. 320 Test for paints, 10. 16, 280-286, 291, 294, 801, 802 Tests for white lead, 77, 81-83 red lead. 55-58. 299, 800 zinc oxide. 96 turpentine, 196-198 <« «< < ( t» n Thermo-electro and chemical actions in paints, 81, 35, 86, 120, 149, 155, 818, 362 Thickness and porosity of paint, 19, 35, 373 Tile and brick-dust paint, 48, 52, 53, 187, 188 Toch's water-proof paint, 163, 165 Torpedo-boat corrosion, 343, 846, 406 Tunnel metal-shield corrosion, 157, 158, 824, 327, 335, 389 Turpentine, analysis, adulteration, qualities, 51, 193-201 Turpentine, dead-wood. 195 Douglas fir, 199, 202 fatty, 199 it U. United States Astronomical Observa- tory, effect of strayelectrical currents, 873 United States Navy Yard paint tests, 96, 286, 400-407 United States steamship, electrolysis in. 398, 899 Umber, 43 Ure, Dr., analysis of linseed-oil, 216, 217 V. Vapors, atmospheric, weight, 411, 416 " " acids and gases, influence of. See A, Index Varnishes, qualities. 111-113, 402, 407 '* commercial brands, 116 *' natural, non-corrosive, 256- 260 Vegetoble oils, number of, 221-223 Ventilation in ships, 162 ; tunnels, 337 Vermilion, vermilionette, 3, 60 Viaduct corrosion, painting, 262, 263, 296-800 Voltages in corrosion, 372, 377, 879, 880, 386-388. 394, 396 Volume, weight, specific gravities, 408- 420. See S, Index W. it (< Wandering electricity. 886-389 Water and air mixtures 416 corrosibility in boilers, 375 corrosive elements in snow and smoke, 415 Water, effects on paint, 5, 8, 14. See £, Index Water-gas and coal-gas tars, 105-109, 123-135. 400. See C, Index Water- and gas-pipe coatings, 128-136, 161. 261, 266, 347, 379, 880. 881 Water- and gas-pipe corrosion, 132, 161, 261, 347 Water- and gas-pipe electrolysis, 379, 888-885, 392, 393, 396 Water- and gas-pipe testing, 123, 124, 132. 133 Water in linseed-oil, 58, 128, 218, 222, 245-247. 285, 818 Water tests for paint. 279-281, 284 Water-proofing and paint, 15, 168-165 Weight, list and volume of gases, fats, fatty acids, and solvents, 220-224, 417, 418 Whiting, covering power, refraction, 8, 185 White-lead ores. 45, 46; analysis, 74, 75 adulterants, 57, 58, 65, 77- 80 White-lead carbonate, hydrate, 64, 66, 70, 71 White lead, "Old Dutch Process," 61- 66. 69, 76, 88 White lead, electrolytic, 70-73; sub- limed, 83-88. 817 White-lead tests, 77, 81-88 qualities of a good, 74-78 in marine paint, 96. 289 432 INDEX, White lead, zinc oxide, and barytes mixtures, 7, 77, 80, 98, 96, 812, 316 Wooden-stnicture paints^ 6-8, 84, 86, 80, 81, 96, 246 Y. Yellow pine, area available for turpen- tine, 198 Yellow pine distillation, 195 Yellow pine, painting, 80, 81, 96, 346 *' paint size, 80, 81 Yellowing of oil and white lead, 7, 10, 40 Z. tt ^nzibar, fossil resins, 111-118 Zinc, metallic, 89; consumption, 91 ores, calamite, 89; zincite, 91 alloy in galvanizing]^, 177 carbonate, 89; sulphide and sul- phate, 77, 92, 9H, 95, 96, 409, 412 Zinc, electro-chemical and galvanic action in, 98, 174-183; E. M. F. in batteries. 353, 355 Zinc, galvanizing, 172-183 '* oxide, history, 91 ; French brands, 91, 93 Zincoxlde adulterants, 92-96 changes in, 77, 79, 80, 93, 413 Zinc-oxide pigments, 77, 78, 80-97 Zinc- oxide marine paints, 96, 286, 405^ 407 Zinc oxide and white lead, 53, 80, 81, 92-96, 312, 316 Zinc-oxide tests, 96. 97, 405, 407 Zinc, use in steam-boilers, 128, 339-346 ** " to prevent corrosion, 178-181, 344-348 Zinc-salt paint driers. 232 " sheets and roofing durability, 23, 181-183 Zinc soaps. Sec L and S, Index " whites and lithopone, 94, 95, 186» 232, 409 Zincing solutions, 176 Zinc coatings, Cowper-Cowles pro- CCS80K, 174, 177, 178, 369 NOV 2 2 1915 ADVERTISEMENTS. ' INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGK Berry Brothers, Limitkd 2 Detroit Graphite Mfg. Co i Eagle White Lead Company ^ International Acheson Graphite Company 7 I^we Brothers Company, The 9 Michigan Paint Company 4 PiCHER Lead Company 6 RiNALD Brothers 3 TocH Brothers 5, Superior Graphite Paint THIS is the well-known L. S. G. brand. Its basis is a natural ore. the peculiar ingredients of which best adapt it to the making of a durable paint. It does not crack or peel, is unaffected by heat, moisture, sulphur fumes, acids, alkalies, drippings, etc. It should always be specified as shop and field coats for the structural steel of buildings and bridges. It is unequalled on corrugated iron, steel cars, tanks, pipes, roofs, refrigerator plants, elevators, storage bins, etc. Among the many structures upon which SUPERIOR GRAPHITE PAINT has been recently used are the Flat- iron and Macy buildings of New York, the Government Printing Office and Stoneleigh Court, Washington, D. C., and the plant of the Niagara Falls Power Co. We have an interesting booklet which should be on the desk of every engineer, architect and master painter. c^d!^ DETROIT GRAPHITE MFG. CO. buZV" *"'"" DETROIT. MICH. ^ ^" We would like to hear from consumers of Japan Driers who want the best goods procurable. An experience of nearly 50 years in Varnish and Japan making has taught us many things that only time can impart. *' Practice makes perfect" is one of the truest of the old saws. We offer reliable Japan Driers of all grades and of uniform quality. BERRY BROTHERS, Limited NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE CHICAQO CINCINNATI SAN FRANCISCO ST. LOUIS Factory and Main Office, DETROIT. Manufacturers of every grade of Varnish and Japan for every use known* 2 Bessemer iPaini (REQISTERBD TRADE-MARK) Has been in actual use on bridges and iron and sted buflch ings for over ten years and still retains its elasticfty and I»t3tecting qualities, where Graphite, Red Lead, etc*, have failed^ Our pamphlet, ^^Data on Bessemer Paint,'^ is yours for the asking* ff^orcelain €namel ff^aini "THE ONLY ASEPTIC ENAMEL MADE." A Liquid Porcelain made in white and colors, which dries of its own accord into a smooth porcelain surface* Endorsed and used by the leading hospitals and numerous house owners, hotel proprietors, etc*, in kitchen, bathrooms, etc* Send for our pamphlet, ^^AII About Porcelain Enamel Paint '^ Concentrated Salvanic iPr/mer Prevents peeling and blistering of paint applied to galvanized iron« JJechnicai iPa/nts Are our specialty. We do not make **A Line of Paints,^^ like other manufacturers, but only ^* Special Paints for Special Purposes*^^ t^" If you have any difficult problems to solve in the paint line we shall be glad to place our experience at your commands RINALD BROTHERS JJ42-U46 N. HANCOCK ST., PHILADELPHIA 3 99 "MADE IN FLINT 0\ir Petint protects metOLl We protect the user with guarantee MICHffiAN GRAPHITE PAINT MIXED and Pulverized at L'Anse, Baras:a County* Michis:an, on the shores of Lake Superior. GROUND throus:h stone paint-mills at Flint, Oenesee County, Mlchis:an. THINNED with absolutely pure linseed oil. SOLD either as paste or ready for application. PRICE lowest consistent with care of manufacture and the use of absolutely pure oil (oil quality is as important as the pigment used). Liquid, per gallon, $1.05 Paste, " pound, .08 SPECIFICATIONS.— To Insure use of this paint specifica- tions should read, in addition to firm name, "Made la Flint" Barrels found on Jobs not so stenciled do not contain our goods. MIGHieAN PAINT COMPANY (INGORPOIIATED) FLINT. MICHIGAN We make a specialty of s^rinding and preparing paints on special formulas furnished by engineers or other customers. WE WANT BUSINESS. 4 R.I.W. Damp Resisting Paint FOR. INSIDE AND KoNKERiT Coating (trade mark req.) FOR.- outside: ON WALLS (Damp Proof) IRON WORK (Rust Proof) LIMESTONE (Stain Proof) INSULATION (Elec. and Cold Storage) OF YOUR BUILDING The Modern Paint for Modern Buildings TOCH BR.OTHERS PAINT MAKERS SINCE 1848 468* 470 & 472 West BroaLdwe^y NEW YORK Perpet\ial Protection for Iron f^Tvd Steel PICKER'S NATURAL BLUE LEAD (steei coior) is a chemically stable product. It protects the oil— imparts to it permanent life. PICKER'S NATURAL BLUE LEAD can be g^round in paste form and kept indefinitely without hardening. Pound for pound it will cover 20% more surface than any other lead pig:ment, and with boiled linseed oil it makes an indestructible paint for iron and steel surfaces. It can be obtained from the manufacturers direct or from any reputable paint grinder — in dry, paste or liquid form. A BOOKLET OF DETAILED INFORMATION FOR THE ASKING RICHER LEAD COMRANY EASTERN SALES OFFICE i WESTERN SALES OFFICE i 100 WILLIAM STREET TACOMA BUILDING NEW YORK CHICAGO Works: JOPLIN, MO. 6 ftCRESON GRAPHITE Fellow Reaucis. We have but one suggestion to add to the pages of this book — Determine a Standard for Graphite Paints. There Is to-day absolutely no standard. The so-called graphite pigments contain anywhere from 20*'l to 80% of impurities and adulter- ants of a heterogeneous character. Sometimes they contain no graphite. In consequence many engineers are imposed upon, and there are many failures of such protective coatings. We are naturally Interested In this matter, as Acheson Graphite Paint Pigment fully meets all the conditions which have ever been found of value in graphite pigments. It is manufactured in the Electric Furnace and contains all the merit, with none of the disadvantages, of the natural graphites. We guarantee the Purity, Uniformity, and Inert Quality of Acheson Graphite. Write us for samples for test, prices, or any further In- formation desired. INTERNATIONAL ACHESON GRAPHITE COMPANY NIAGARA FALLS, N. V., U. S. A. I NDEPENDENT OF ALL COMBINATIONS BAGLE WHITE LEAD .^.^m COMPANY ^^iTY 15.000 1008 to 1030 BroQLdway CincinnoLti. O. Corroders by the ^^Old Dutch Process" PURE WHITE LEAD, DRY AND IN OIL R.ED LEAD. LITHARGE. AND ORANGE MINERAL OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES: NEW YORK CITY, 54 MAIDEN LANE AUSTIN REMSEN, Manager. PHILADELPHIA, 14a N. FOURTH STREET T. E. BANNAN, Manager. BALTIMORE, 447 NORTH STREET QEO. O. SHIVERS, Manager. ' BUFFALO, 16 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE A. S. aOLTZ, Manager. PITTSBURG, PITTSBURG PAINT SUPPLY CO., Agents. CLEVELAND, A. T. OSBORN CO., Agents. CHICAGO, .... 135-137 NORTH PEORIA STREET E. B. BENNETT, Manager. ST. LOUIS 706 N. ELEVENTH STREET F. L. POWERS. Manager. KANSAS CITY, .... 1013-14 WALNUT STREET w. R. Mcdonald, Agent. NEW ORLEANS, .... 308-310 GRAVIER STREET JNO. R. TODD & BRO., Agents. 8 LOWE BROTHERS PREPARED LINSEED OIL PAINTS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF STEEL IN BUILDINGS. BRIDGES. RAILWAY EQXJZPHENT AND GENERAL SUNUFACTURING fHE ACKNOWLEDGED "HIGH STANDARD" Among these producb are indudcdi RED LEAD METAL PltESERVA- TIVE (two colors). BLACK METAL COATING No. 1407- GKAPHITE PAINTS. CARBON PAINTS (fburcolon). OXIDE OF IRON PAINTS (thm colors). All arc Linseed Oil Paints with selected pig' ments only. Th«y are made ft'om legitimate ma- terials and based upon the theory that the solids are coefllclent with the liquids in producing the best results, and that their quality is as depend- ent upon their physical as upon their chemical Structure. The principles upon which they are made and used are fully discussed in "Hints on Painting Structural Steel", "Suggestions for Speelficattons'* etc. Sent on application. THE LOWE BROTHERS COM P A N Y DAYTON, O, N EW YORK CHICAGO KANHA8 CITY SHORT-TITLE CATALOGUE OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF JOHN WILEY & SONS NEW YORK London: CHAPMAN A HALU Limited Montreal, Can.: RENOUF PUB. CO. ARRANGED UNDER SUBJECTS Descriptive circulars sent on application. Books marked with an asterisk (*) are sold at net prices only. All books are bound in cloth unless otherwise stated. AGRICULTURE—HORTICULTURE— FORESTRY. ArKisby — Principles of Animal Nutrition 8vo, $4 00 Bowman — Forest Physiography ; 8vo, *5 00 BuDD and Hansen — American Horticultural Manual; Part I. 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