None
Compressed-air drills, 269-349 Compressed-air engines, 235-252; actual work done, 242; clearance, 243; con- sumprion of air, 245; cutoff, 243, 244; cylinder volume for given horse-power, INDEX 471 244; reheating for, 245, 248, 251; working at full pressure, 239; working with complete expansion, 240, 241; working with partial expansion, 240, 248 Compressed-air haulage, 432-466; charging stations, 449; locomotives, 433-447; pipe-lines, 447-449; plants, examples of, 458-466 Compressed-air hoists, 247-252; air storage for, 250, 251; at x\naconda mine, 249- 251; at Copper Queen mine, 252; at Franklin Junior mine, 252; at Miami mine, 248, 252; at Simmer Deep mine,Witwatersrand, 247; reheating for, 248, 251; volume of air for, 248, 250, 251, 252 Compressed-air hoists (small) for underground use, 248-249; Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.'s hoist, 249; Holman hoist, 249; Ingersoll-Rand "Little Tugger," 249; Leadville "column" hoist, 249 Compressed Air Machinery Co., compressors, 31, 46 Compressed Air Magazine, 116, 174, 218, 224, 244, 246, 258, 398, 399, 411, 426, 459 Compressed-air pumps, 394-431; adjustment of air pressure, 397; efficiencies of, 462; interheaters for, 406, 407; preheating for, 405; prevention of freezing in, 40s, 407 Compressed air, reheating of, 258-268; power cost of, 150 Compressed-air transmission, 221-234; loss of power, 221; loss ot pressure, 222; piping, 223, 225, 230, 231, 233; resistance due to bends in piping, 233, 234 Compressed air versus electric transmission, 5; versus steam transmission, 3 Compressed air versus steam for direct-acting pumps, 397, 398 Compression curve, construction of, 144 Compression of air, 47 et seq.; adiabatic, 53, 56, 64, 138, 139, 141; at altitudes above sea-level, 191-197; by direct action of falling water, 209-220; dry versus wet, 82; heat of, 53, 54, 59, 76; isothermal, 53, 55, 63, 138, 139, 141; laws, 48, 49; rate of increase of temperature, 50, 51 ; stage compression, 60-64, 66-71; temperatures of (see Temperatures); with clearance, 63-71; without clearance, 54-63. Compressor, air valves, 99-136; explosions, 198-208; half-duplex, 20; indicator cards, 97, 105, 146, 151-153; piston speed, 32, 73, 77, 86, 95, loi, 123; tests, 21, 45, 149-168 Compressor builders, list of, 46 Compressors: chain-driven, 20, 37, 40; classifications, 8, 46; comparision of types, 20-22; Corliss steam end, 14, 17, 21, 23; direct-driven and belt-driv^en, 25 26 31, ^2> ^^ s^Q.-> flry, 76, 82; duplex, 8, 15 et seq.; electric-driven, 20, 38, 40, 41- half-duplex, 20; high-speed, 41; horse-power of, 138-143; for locomotive haulage, 453-457; performance of, 137-168; proportions of cylinders, 25, 90 92, 95; rating of, 137, 138; stage, 8, 10, 13-19, 86; straight-line, 8, 9 et seq.; turbo-compressors, 42-45; vertical, 8; water-driven, 26-33; wet, 72, 82; with compound air end, 8, 10, 13-19, 86; with compound steam end, 8, 13 et seq. Compressors, makers and names of: Alley & MacClellan, 8, 38; AUis-Chahners, ID, 19, 46, 78, 79; Bellis & Morcom, 8; Burleigh, 2; Bury, 46; Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 27, 46; Christensen, 40; Clayton, 2, 46; Compressed Air Machinery Co., 31, 46; Dubois-Frangois, 2, 72, 99; Franklin, 180; Hanarte, 73; Humboldt, 72, 73; Ingersoll-Rand, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 24, 26, 28, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 80, 81, 99, loi, 152, 453, 455-457; King-Riedler, 8; Laidlaw-Dunn- Gordon, 9, 10, 17, 18, 36, 46, 79, 81, 99, loi, no, 202; Leyner, no, in; 472 INDEX Nordberg, 21, 30, 46, 76, 77, 99, 149; Nonvalk, 2, 10, 13 45, 46, 89, 99, 106, 125, 452; Rand, 2; Rateau (turbo), 42; Riedler, 8, 20, 132; RLx Com- pressor and Drill Co., 46; Robey & Co., 8, 20, 41; Schneider & Co., Creusot, France, 99; Sullivan Machinery Co., 10, 12, 14, 34, 35, 37, 46, 99; Vulcan Iron Works Co., 66; Walker Bros., 20; Worthington Pump and Machine Co., 46 Conduit for inlet air, 11 7-1 18 Consumption of air: by air engines, 244, 245; by direct-acting pumps, 399-402; by machine drills, 285, 286, 287, 296, 301, 347; by pneumatic displacement pumps, 41 1 » 415 Controller, clearance, for compressors, 190 Conveyance of compressed air in pipes, 221-234 Coolgardie, Western Aust., air-lift at, 430, 431 Cooling: aftercoolers, 32, 96, 170, 173; ante-coolers, 96; modes of, 59, 60, 64, 72- 75> 76-79, 82-85, 87; intercoolers, 32, 60, 62, 67, 87, 90, 93-96; in receivers, 60, 95, 97, 174; water-jackets, 59, 76-79 Copper Queen mine, compressed-air-hoist, 252 Corbett, R. H., on compressed-air hoist, 252 Corliss air valves, 10, 14, 17, 19, 21, 32, 99, 107, 121, 124, 129, 130, 131 Corliss steam- valve motion for compressors, 14, 17, 21, 23, 99 Costs of air compression, 155, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 217, 218, 219 Couch, J. J., rock-drill, i Cox, Wm., compressed-air calculations and tables, 399-401 dispell, C. W., nomograms for compressed-air calculations, 142, 143, 225 Cummings, Chas., "two-pipe" system of compressed-air transmission, 245, 247, 408 Cushioning in machine drills, 276, 293, 303, 304, 316 Cutoff in air engines, 243, 244, 248; nominal and actual, 242, 243 Cylinder dimensions of simple pumps, 398 Cylinder oils, flash and ignition points, 200, 202, 204 Cylinder proportions for compressors, 25, 90-92, 95 Cylinder volumes: in stage compression, 90-92; of air engine, 244, 245 "Dancing" or "chattering" of inlet valves, loi, 103 D'Arcy's formula for loss of pressure in pipes, 223, 230; graphic solution of formula, 225, 228, 229 De Kalb; lU., tests on air-lift pump, 418 Delivery valves, 1 19-123, 124-136; cataract-controlled poppets, 121; effect of leakage, 119, 201; mechanical control for, 125; poppet type, 119, 127, 129 Denver Rock Drill and Machinery Co., hammer drills, 335-337, 340-342 Deposition of moisture from compressed air, 170, 1 71-173 Depth of hole: hammer drills, 347, 348; reciprocating drills, 309 Dickson Manufacturing Co., compressed-air locomotives, 461 Direct-acting pumps, operation by compressed air, 394-408 Direct compression by falling water, 209-220 Direct-connected compressors, 38, 41 INDEX 473 Disk or circular saw coal cutters: Jeffrey, 362, 364; Mavor & Coulson (electric only), 7, 365 Discharge valves (see Delivery valves) Discharge- valve area, 122 Displacement pumps, pneumatic, 409-415; Halsey, 412; Latta-Martin, 411; Merrill, 410 Double-ported inlet valves, 129 Drill repairs, 304; costs of, 305-307 Drilling records, 309, 348 Drills, rock: air pressure for, 295 et seq.; hammer drills, 311 et seq.; mountings, 270-273; reciprocating drills, 273 et seq.; repairs, 304-308; records of work, 300, 301, 309, 348; "stoper" drills, 339; tables of drilling speeds, 309, 348; valveless drills, 293, 320, 327, 328 Drummond Colliery, compressed-air pumps at, 256 Dry compressors, 76-85 "Dry" reheaters, 268 Dry versus wet compression, 82 Dubois-Franfois wet compressor, 2, 72, 99 Duplex compressors, 8, 15-20, 21, 29, 30, 36-39, 41 Dust, cause of Silicosis, 316; effects on spool-valve drills, 303 Dust allayers for machine drills, 282, 319, 346 Duty of compressors (see Output of compressors) Duty of machine drills, 300, 301, 309, 348 £ East Rand Proprietary Mines, Ltd., tests on air-lift pumps, 424-426 Ebervale, Luzerne Co., Pa., tunnel at, 231 Efficiencies of air-lift pumps, 419, 420, 421, 426, 431; of direct-acting compressed air pumps, 402, 403, 404, 408 Efficiency of compressors, 137-168 (see also. Output of compressors) Efficiency of reheating, 259, 260, 261, 262, 267, 268 Efficiency of rock drills, 301, 304 Electric-driven compressors, 20, 38, 40, 41, 250 Electric-driven rock drills, not satisfactory, 6 "Electric-air" drill (see "Air-electric" drill) "Electric-air" track channeler, 389, 392 Electric versus compressed-air haulage for mines, 432 Empire mine. Grass Valley, Cal., compressed-air haulage at, 458, 459 Endless-chain coal cutters, 350-359 Engineer, The (London), 424 Engineering and Mining Journal, 210, 213, 216, 218, 219, 249, 252, 273, 295 Engineering Nrcvs, 81, 200, 418, 419 "Engineering Thermodynamics," Lucke, 60, 67 Expansion curves, air and steam, 236, 237 Explosions in air compressors and receivers, 198, 208; examples, 201-205; precau- tions for preventing, 206 Externally heated or "dry" reheaters, 261-264 474 INDEX Fairmont Mining Machinery Co., auger drills, 377 "Feather" valve, Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Co., 9, 18, 21, 36, no, 113 Federated Instn. of Min. Engs., 199, 201 Ferjyie, Chas., mode of pre-.-enting freezing of moisture, 256 Field of work, hammer drills, 348. 349 Final temperature of air compression (see Temperatures of compression) "Fitchering" of drill holes, 269, 299, 304 Flash and ignition points of C5-Iinder oils, 200, 202, 204 Flottmann hammer drill, 349 Flyball governors, 176, 177, 179, 181 Foot-pieces for air-lifts, 422-425 Four-stage compressor, 453, 456, 457 Fowle rock drill, i Franklin compressor. 180; pressure regulator and unloader, i8o- Franklin Junior copper mine, compressed-air hoist, 252 Fraser & Chalmers, Riedler compressor, 20, 132 "Free" air, 47 Freezing of moisture in compressed air, 84, 172, 253-257, 404, 407; deposition of moisture by reducing pressure, 256; influence of high pressures in transmis- sion, 255; protection of surface piping, 256 Frick, H. C, Coal and Coke Co., compressor explosion, 202; use of Stanley header,. ^'^ Frictional losses in compressors, 21, 85, 137, 140, 150, 152, 156, 165 Frictional resistance in air pipes, 222 et seq.; due to bends, 234 Friedrich, G. C. H., tests on air-lift pumps, 421 Frizell. J. P., on hydraulic air compression, 209 Fuel cost of reheating, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 272 Full pressure in air engines, working with, 239 Functions of air receiver, 160-171 Gasolene-driven compressors, 25, 26, 27 "Gathering" locomotive, electric, 432 "Catling" drill. Chic. Pneum. Tool Co., 286 Gay-Lussac's law, 49 Geared compressors, 31, 38. 40 Gibson-IngersoU "Electric-air" channeler, 389, 392 Glen Lyon, Pa., Colliery, compressed-air haulage at, 462, 463 Goleta Mining Co., water-driven compressor, 29 Goodman Mfg. Co.. Heat curves, 50-53 Heat, losses in compressors, 53, 59, 64, 83, 137; transference (abstraction) of, 53, 59 Heat of compression, 50-53, 76; absorption of, 59 Heating of air-cylinder walls, 73, 79 Henderson and Wilson, tests on air-lift pumps, 424-426 High altitudes: mechanically-controlled inlet values for, 195; stage compression at, 196; work of compressors at, 191-195 High-pressure transmission of air, as influencing freezing, 246 " High-ran ^e " compressec-air transmission (see " Tv,o-pipe " system) High-speed compressors, 41 Hirschberg, C. A., compressor data, 95 Hiscox, G. D., tables of compressed-air engine data, 242, 243 Hitchcock, C. K., Jr., on rock-drill repairs, 305-307 Hoisting engines, compressed-air, 247-252 Holman drills : spool-valve, 282, 283; tappet, 290 Holman underground compressed-air hoist, 249 Homestake gold mine, compressed-air locomotives at, 433, 462 Hoosac tunnel, Burleigh compressors at, 2 Horse-power: of air engines, 242-244; of air-lift pump, 420, 421, 422; of compres- sors, 95, 138-143, 150, 151, 155-168; graphic determination of, 143 Horse-power per cubic foot of free air, 139-141 ; allowance for losses in compression, 139, 140, 141; at high altitudes, 194; for any number of drills at any altitude, 298; modif}ang factors, 298, 299; theoretical, 138, 141, 147-148 Howells Mining Drill Co., auger drill, 377 Humboldt wet compressor, 72, 73; rubber-ring valve, 72 Humidity of atmospheric air, 84 "Hummer" drills, Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., 286, 331, 332, 334 "Hurricane-inlet" valve, 107-109, 118 Hydraulic air compressors, 209-220; Blakney, 219; at Clausthal, 219: at Cobalt, Ont., 217; at Kootenay, B. C, 213-215; MacFarlane, 219; Magog plant, 209-213; at Nor^nch, Conn., 218; at Petersborough, Ont., 218; at Victoria mine, 215; Washington, 218 "Hy-speed" drill. Snllivan Machinery Co., 280 476 INDEX Ignition points of lubricating oils, 200, 202, 204 Her Rock Drill Manufacturing Co., hammer drill, 349 "Imperial" compressors, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 15, 16, 17, 40 Indicator cards, air, 58, 97, 105, 146, 151, 189; air and steam cards compared, 23 IngersoU-Rand Co.: after-cooler, 170, 173; air controller, 190; "air-electric" drill, 290-292; air-lift pump, 422, 424; auger drill, 376; "Butterfly" valve drill, 283-285, 313-316, 322, 325, 343, 344; channelers, 382, 384, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392; coal pick, 369; compressors, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 24, 26, 28, 39,40,42, 45, 46, 80, 99, loi, 152, 453, 455-457; foot pieces for air-lift pumps, 422-425; hammer drills, 313-317, 322-327, 343-345; "Hurricane-inlet" valve, 107-109, 118; intercoolers, 94, 96; pick machine, 369; piston-inlet valve, 107; plate valves, 10, 114; pressure regulators, 180, 182-185; "Radialaxe" coal cutter, 371; ram track channeler, 382, 384; receivers, 96, 190; receiver aftercooler, 96, 173; reciprocating drills, 274-277, 283-286, 301; reheater, 263; "return- air" displacement pump, 413-415; Sergeant drill, 274-277, 292; speed and pressure regulators, 177, 180, 190; stoper (air-feed) drills, 343-346; Temple- Ingersoll "electric-air" drill, 290-292; underground compressed-air hoist, 249; air unloaders, 182-185, 190 Injection water for compressors: effects of, on air cyUnder, 83, 85; quantity of, 42, 75; temperature of, 33, 74, 75, 97 Inlet air, arrangements for admitting, 116-118; temperature of, 117 Inlet area of air cylinders, 100 Inlet conduit for air cyUnders, 117 Inlet valves, 99-118; area of, 100; "chattering" of, 103; requisites of, 99 Inspiration Consol. Copper Co., Ariz., compressed-air haulage, 465-466 Institution of Mining Engineers (England), Trans, of, 199, 201 Institution of Civil Engineers (London), Proceedings of, 209 Intercoolers, 32, 60, 62, 67, 87, 90, 93-96, 97; Ingersoll-Rand, 94, 96; Norwalk, 89; SuUivan, 96 Interheater: for compound compressed-air locomotives, 444, 447; for compound pumps, 405-407 Internally fired reheaters, 264 Isothermal compression, 53, 54, 63; equation of, 53, 55, 64 Ivens, E. M., book on "Pumping by Compressed Air," 409 Izod, E. G., drill tests, 300 "Jackhamer" drills, Ingersoll-Rand Co.: "Bulhnoose," 325; hand drills, dry and wet, 32^-324, 325, 326; mountings for, 324; "Sinker," 326 Jeddo (Pa.) mining tunnel, compressed-air transmission in, 231 Jeffrey Mfg. Co., coal cutters, 350, 351, 352-357 Jeffrey coal cutters: "longwall" machine, 351-355; "shortwall," 356-357 Jeffrey loading machine, 378, 379 Johnson, E. E., on performance of air-lift pump, 419, 420 Joule's heat unit, 51, 239 INDEX 477 "K," values of, 54 Kennedy, Alex. B. Leadville "column" hoist, 249 Leakage of air valves, 105, 119 Leakage of compressed-air pipe lines, 231, 233, 449, 463 Leaky air piston, effect of, 98 Leaky discharge valves, 119 Lees, T. G., on compressor explosions, etc., 78, 199, 201 Leyner compressor, no; plate-valve, 110-112, 115 Leyner-Ingersoll water drills, 286, 313-316 "Liteweight" drill, Sullivan Machinery Co., 277, 278 "Little Champion" drill, 289 "Little Tugger" compressed-air hoist, 249 Loading machines for working places underground, 379 Locomotives, compressed air, 432-466; construction and operation, 433 et seq.; cylinder pressures, 434, 435, 436, 440, 441, 442, 445, 448, 453, 458 et seq. Locomotive charging compressors, 453-457 Longwall coal cutters, 351, 352, 357, 359, 363, 364 Loss of head in pipe transmission, 222, 226, 227, 230; of power, 221 Loss of volumetric capacity due to piston clearance, 79-82 Losses in air compression, 137-140, 194 Losses in transmission of compressed air, 221-223, 226, 227, 230-233 Lubricating oils, flash and ignition points, 200, 202, 204 Lubrication of air cyhnders, 198, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206; of rock drills, 316, 327, 328, 344 Lubrication, "flood and splash" system, 40; quantity of, 206; use of soap and water, 206 Lubricators, sight-feed, for compressors, 206 Lucke, C. E., Engineering Thermodynamics, 60, 67 478 INDEX M Machine drills, 269 et seq.; air pressures for, 295; classifications, 273; column and bar mountings, 272, 273; consumption of air by, 295-301; cushioning of stroke, 288, 303, 304; dust allayer for, 281, 282, 319; efficiency, 301-304; "electric-air" drill, 290-292; foul air from, 205; general description, 269; hammer drills, 311; length of stroke, 269, 303; modes of mounting, 270-273, 324, 332, 2,32,', records of work, 287, 296, 300, 301, 309, 310, 348; repair costs, 305-308; repairs of, 304-308; sizes (see different makes of drills); speeds of drilling, 296, 300, 309, 348; speed of stroke, 269, 285, 292, 301, 304; spool and other air- thrown valve drills, 274-288; tappet-valve drills, 288-290 Machine drills (hammer type), classification, 311; makes: Cleveland, 349; "Climax Imperial" (Stephens'), 318; Cochise, 346; Flottmann, 349; "Chicago Hum- mer," 331, 335; Hardsocg, 320; Her, 349; IngersoU-Rand, "Imperial," 327; "Jackhamer," 322-327; Leyner-Ingersoll, 312-316; Murphy, 322; Shaw, 349; Sullivan, 316-318, 328; Waugh, 335, 337, 340^342; Whitcomb, 349; "Wonder" (Hardsocg), 320, 321; Wood, 339 Machine drills (reciprocating), classifications, 273; makes: Chersen, 287; "Chi- cago Catling," 286; "Chicago Hummer," 286, 331, 334; "Chicago Slogger," 287; "Climax Imperial" (Stephens'), 280; Cochise, 287; Holman, 282; IngersoU-Rand "Butterfly," 283; McKiernan-Terry, 287; Murphy, 289; "Sergeant," 274; Siskol, 287; Sulhvan, 278; Temple- Ingersoll, 290; Tri- umph, 293; Wood, 279 Magog (Prov. Quebec), hydraulic air compressor, 209; reheating at, 267 Mallard, M., working of compressed-air engines, 238 Mavor & Coulson coal-cutters, 361-363 McFarlane hydraulic air compressor, 219 McKiernan-Terry Drill Co., 287; hammer drills, 337, 338, 339; reciprocatmg drill, 287 McLeod, C. H., tests on ]\Iagog hydraulic compressor, 213 ' Mean pressures in air compression, 144, 145, 194 Mechanical Engineer's Assoc, of the Witwatersrand, Trans of., 247, 295 Mechanical Engineer's Pockelbook, Kent, 145 Mechanically controlled air valves, 99, 107, 124-136; AUis-Chalmers, 129; Amer- ican, 132; Clayton, 13-2; disadvantages for delivery valves, 125; for high altitudes, 195; Frankhn, 132; Koster, 136; Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon, 128; Nordberg, 128; Norwalk, 125; Riedler, 132-136; Rix, 132; Sullivan, 131 Merrill pneumatic displacement pump, 410-41 1 Meyer steam- valve gear, 10, 23, 156 Miami copper mine, compressed-air hoist, 252 Midland Inst, of Min., Civ. and Mech. Engs., Trans., 38 Miner's consumption (Silicosis), 316 Mines and Minerals, 204, 216, 218, 295 Mining and Scientific Press, 249, 305 Modern Machinery, 247 Moist air, effect of, in compression, 83, 85 Moisture in air, 83, 84, 172, 253; freezing of, 84, 172, 253, 257 Mont Cenis tunnel, i, 2; speed of advance in, 2 INDEX 479 Morgan-Gardner Electric Co., coal-cutters, 350 Morison, J., flashing points of lubricating oils, 200 Morning mine, Mullan, Idaho, compressor plant, 32-33 Mule haulage, cost of, 458, 461, 464 Murphy hammer drill (C. T. Carnahan Co.), 322 Murphy "Little Champion" reciprocating drill (Wickes Bros.), 289-290 Mushroom inlet valves, loi, 107 Mylan; W. F., compressor tests, 45 N "»," values of, 54, 60, 77, 138 Naperian logarithm, value of, 55, 138 New Hucknall colliery, turbo-compressor, 44, 45 New York Air Compressor Co., 46 New York Aqueduct, explosion in compressor, 204 Nicholson, J. T., reheating experiments by, 267 Nominal and actual cutoffs in air engines, 242-244 Non-conducting covering for air pipe, 4 ' Nordberg, B. V., Anaconda compressed-air hoists, 249 Nordberg compressed-air hoist, Miami mine, 252 Nordberg compressor, 21, 30, 46, 76, 77, 99, 185; air-pressure regulator, 180, 185- 189; constant speed, variable delivery compressor, 188, 189 Norris, R. Poppet discharge valves, 1 19-123 Poppet inlet valves, 99, loi; inertia of, loi; lift, loi; spring resistance, loi, 103, 104-105; sticking of, 106 Port area for air cylinders, 100, loi, 103, 107, i J3, 123 Porter, H. K., Co., compressed-air locomotives, 434, 435, 437-442, 443-445, 446, 448, 451, 458, 459-461, 462-466 Power cost of compressed air, 150 Preheating for compressed-air pumps, 405, 406, 407 Prescott steam pump, 396 Pressure of air as influencing freezing, 255-257 Pressure regulators, 175 et seq. Proportions of compressor cylinders, 25, 90-92, 95 Protection from freezing of surface air piping, 257 Pulsator for "Electric-air" drill, 290,291 Pumping by compressed air, 256, 394-408; classification of metliods, 394 Pumps, direct-acting, 394-398; compound pumps operated by air, 405-408; cylin- der dimensions of simple pumps, 398; duty of, 402; efi&ciencies, 402, 403, 404, 408; freezing of moisture in, 403, 404, 405, 407; horse-power of, 400-402; terminal and mean air pressure, 401 ; volume of air consumed, 399 Pumps operated by direct action of compressed air, 409-431; air-lift pumps, 415-431; classification, 409; efficiencies, 419, 420, 421, 426, 431; pneumatic displacement pumps, 409-415 "Punchers" (see Coal punchers) INDEX 481 R "Revalue of, 50 Radialaxe coal cutter, 371 Railway and Enginering Review, 210 Ram-track channeler, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 382, 384 Rand compressor, 2, 97; drill, 2; mechanical valve gear, 99; reheater, 264, 265 Rand Mines Power Supply Co., air supplied by meter, 300, 301 Randall, B. M., experiments by, on air-lift pump, 418 Randolph, B. S., on compressed-air haulage plant, 465 Rateau turbo-compressor, 42 Rating of compressors, 137, 138 Rawhide pinions for geared compressors, 38 Read, T. T., on Anaconda compressed-air hoists, 240 Receiver aftercoolers, 95, 170, 173; temperature of cooling water, 97, 174 Receivers, air, 96, 169-174; baffle-plates for, 173; explosions in, 198-208; func- tions of, 169, 170; sizes of, 169; underground receivers, 171, 172, 256, 403 Reciprocating coal cutters, 365 Reciprocating drills, 273 et seq. Recording thermometer for compressors, 202, 207 Records of work: hammer drills, 348; reciprocating drills, 309 Reducing valves for compressed-air pumps, 256, 403 Reduction of pressure as influencing deposition of moisture, 256-259 Regulators, air-pressure, 175-190; Reheaters for compressed air engines, 245, 248, 251, 262-265, 407, 408; for chan- nelers, 388, 390; Ingersoll-Rand reheater, 263; internally fired, 264; Sullivan reheater, 265; for underground work, 266; wet versus dr>' reheating, 268 Reheating compressed air, 245, 258-268; results of, 259; temperatures, 259-262; thermal cost of, 258, 259, 261 Reheating temperatures, 259-262; reheating with steam, 267, 268 Repairs of machine driUs, 304; costs of, 305-307 Resistance due to bends in air piping. 234 "Return air" system of transmission, 246, 247;. applied to pumping, 247, 413-415 Richards, Frank, 90, 116, 145, 174, 246, 258, 267, 398 Richard's formula for compressed-air pipe lines, 230 Riedler compressors, 8, 20, 132; "express" discharge valve, 122; mechanically-con- trolled valves, 132-136 Riedler, reheating experiments by, 262 Risdon water-driven compressor, 29 Risdon water wheel, 26 Rix Compressor and Drill Co., 46 Rix compressed-air locomotive, 458, 459 Rix, E. A., on compressed-air pumps, 402, 404, 406, 411, 419 Robey & Co., compressors, 8, 20, 41; plate valve, no Rock drills (see Machine drills) Rock dust, cause of Silicosis, 316 Rockford, 111., tests on air-lift pump. 418 Rose, A. H., on Victoria mine hydraulic compressor, 216 482 INDEX Rose Deep mine, South Africa, rock-drill tests, 300 Rotary-bar coal-cutter, 359; Mavor & Coulson, 361, 362, 363 Rotation de\4ces for machine drills, 276-277, 278, 2S0, 318, 319, 321, 326 "Rotator" hammer drills, Sullivan Machinery Co.: "air-tube," 329; "auger," 329, 331; mountings for, 330; "water-tube," 230 Rutland marble quarries, channeling at, 389 S Saunders, W. L., compressed-air data, 52 Schneider & Co., Creusot, France, air-inlet valves, 99 School of Mines Quarterly, 305 Seeber, R. R., on Anaconda hoists, 249 Sergeant drill, 274-277, 292 Seymour, L. I., experiments on rock-drills, 300 Shaw Pneumatic Tool Co., hammer drill, 349 " Silent-chain " drive for compressors, 37, 40 Silicosis (" miner's consumption "), 316 Single-stage compression, work of, 54-60, 63-66 Simple air-driven pumps, 396-398 Siskol drill, 287 " Skip-valve " for Norwalk high-pressure air cylinder, 106 Slimes and sands pumped by air-lift, 424-426 " Slugger " drill. Chic. Pneum. Tool Co., 287 Soap and water for cleaning air cylinders, 206 Somraeillar, i; compressor, 2 South African Association of Engineers, Trans, of, 300 Spalding, C. Tappet drills, 288-290 Tappet versus spool valves for machine drills, 303 Taylor, Chas. H., 210, hydraulic air compressor, 209 et seq., 267 Technical Society of the Pacific Coast, Proceedings of, 402, 411, 418 Temperatures employed in reheating, 245, 248, 251, 252, 257, 259-262, 266, 268 Temperatures of compression, :^^, 44, 49, 51, 52, 73, 74, 86, 144, 145, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204; of inlet air, ;^^, 117, 144 Temperatures of expansion, 238 Temperatures, rate of increase of, in compression, 50, 51 Temple-IngersoU "electric-air" drill, 5, 290-292 Tennessee Copper Co., compressor of, 21, 149 Tests on compressors, 21, 45, 149-168 Tests on machine drills, 299-301 Theoretical horse-power required to compress air, 54 et seq.; 138 et seq. Thermal cost of reheating, 258-259 Thermal units, English and French, 51 Thermodynamic laws, 47 et seq. "Thin-plate" valves: for discharge, 122; for inlet, 99 Thomson-Houston turbo-compressor, 44 484 INDEX Three-stage compression, work of, 141 Three-stage compressors, 86, 453-455 Track channeler, Sullivan Machinery Co., 381 Track resistance of mine cars, 452 Transmission losses, comparison of air and steam, 3; in pipes, 221-234; loss of power, 221; loss of pressure, 222 et seq. Transmission of power by compressed air, 221-234; at high pressures, 255 Tripod mounting for drills, 270, 271 "Triumph" drill, 293-294 "Two-pipe" system of compressed-air transmission, 245-247 Two-stage compression, work of, 60-64, 66-71, 141 Turbo-compressors, 42-45 ; field of use, 44 U Undercutting machines for coal, 350 et seq. Underground air receivers, 171, 172, 256 Underground compressed-air hoists, 248 Underground reheaters, 266 Unloaders for air cylinders, 182-190; AUis-Chalmers, 185; Ingersoll-Rand, 182-185, 190; Nordberg, 185-189; Rand "Imperial," 184; Sullivan, 179 Unwin, W. C, on loss of pressure in pipe-Hnes, 231; on reheating, 262 V Valve, adjustable cutoff, for steam, 24 Valveless drills, 293, 294, 320, 321, 327, 328, 336, S37 Valves, air-inlet, 99-118, 124-136; Allis-Chalmers, 99, 129; area of, 100; Bailey & Co., 136; balanced piston valve, 24; chattering of, loi, 103; clack, 99; Corliss, 99, 107, 125, 127, 130, 131; Guttermuth, no; Humboldt, 72, inertia of, loi; Ingersoll-Rand "Hurricane inlet," loi, 107; Koster piston valve, 136; Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon, 99, loi, 102, 113, 127; Leyner flat annular valve, no; mechanically controlled, 99; mushroom, loi, 107; Nordberg, 99, 127, 185-187; Norwalk, 99, 102, 106, 125; requisites of, 99; resistance of, loi, 103-105; Riedler double-seat poppet, 132-136; "skip" v^alv^e, 106; springs for, 101-106; sticking of, 106; Sulhvan, 99, 131 Valves, air-delivery, 119-123, 124-136; air-cataract, 121; Allis-Chalmers, 129; area of , 122, 123; Corliss, 121, 124, 125; Ingersoll-Rand, 120; Laidlaw-Dunn- Gordon "Cincinnati" valve gear, 129; poppet, 119, 127, 129; Nordberg, 127; Norwalk, 121, 125; oil cataract, 121; plate valves, 122; Riedler double-seat poppet, 132-136; Riedler "Express," 121; Sullivan, 129, 131 Valves for steam and of compressors, 21, 23-25 Valves of machine drills, 274 et seq.; 313 et seq. (see under individual drills) Velocity of flow of air in pipes, 231, 232 Vertical compressors, 8, 38, 41 Victoria copper mine, Mich., hydraulic air compressor at, 215, 220 Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Co., 42; turbo-compressors of, 42-43 Village Main Reef mine. So. Africa, drill tests, 301 Volumes and pressures of air, at altitudes above sea-level, 194; influence of reheg-t- ing on, 258-262 INDEX 485 Volumetric output of compressors, 63, 79, 80, 100, 104-105 Vulcan Iron Works, compressor, 46 W Wainwright water heater employed as reheater, 407 Walker, G. Weber, F. C, on work of air-engines, 244 Weight and volume of dry air, 48 Westinghouse Electric Co., turbo-compressor, 42, 43, 45 Weston, E. M., book on "Rock Drills," 305 Wet compressors, 72 e/ seq.; objections to, 84 "Wet" reheating, 267, 268; versus dry reheating, 268 Wet versus dry compressors, 82 Weymouth, C. R., on reheating, 268 ^ WTiitcomb, G. D. Co., Harrison coal-pick, 366, 367; hammer drill, 349 Wickes Machinery Co., Murphy drill, 289 Wilson colliery. Pa., compressed-air haulage at, 461 Wilson, tests on air-lift pumps, 424 "Wonder" hammer drill, 320, 321 Wood drills: hammer type, 339; reciprocating, 279, 280 Woodbridge, D. E., on Victoria mine hydraulic compressor, 216 Work of compressors, with clearance, 63-71; without clearance, 54-63; of stage compressors, 60-63, 66-71, 97, 141 Work done by air engines, 239-242 Work done by air-lift pumps, 420, 421, 422, 426 Work gained by reheating, 258, 259, 261, 262, 268 Work required to compress air, 54-71, 83, 138-143; in stage compression, 97-141 Worthington compound pump at Gwin mine, 407 Worthington, Henry R., direct-acting pump, 394 Worthington Pump and Machine Co., compressors, 46 Z ?[^hner, "Transmission of Power by Compressed Air," 74, 75 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0 021 213 218 4 ^ mm: »* .^^K^. 