None
Proteoses, 117, 345 Proto-albumose, 345 Protoplasm, i chemical characters, 4 movement, ib. physical characters, 3 et acq. physiological characters, t^. reproduction, 9 structure of cells, 10 Protoplasma, ib, Proto-vertebrsB. 799 Pseudoscope, 704 P«eudo-stomata, 33 Ptyalin, 321 action of, ib. Puberty, changes at period of, 782 indicated by menstruation, ib. Pulmonary artery, valves of heart, 165 Pulse, arterial, 207 et seq. Purkinje*B figures, 743 Pyramidal tracts, ^84 et eeq. Pyramids of medulla oblongata, 605 Q. Quantity of air breathed, 276 blood, 128 et aeq, saliva, 320 Rbspibato&t acts. E. Rami viscerales, 670 eff^rentes, ib. oommnnicantes, ib. Recurrent sensibiUtx , 588 Reflex actions, 574 ' augmentation, 576 conditions necessary to, 575 cutaneous, 592 inhibition of, 576 irregular in disease, 595 laws of, 575 morbid, 595 muscle, C92 of medulla oblongata, 611 et teq. of spinal coxd, 591 purposive in health, 574 Refracting media of eye, 728 Refraction, laws of, t^. Regions of body. See Frontispiece. Reutions of different parts of brain, Rcmak. 2 Remak s ganglia, 239 Rennin, 346. 366, 857 Requisites or diet, 547 Reserve air, 276 Residual air, ib. Mespiration, 258 abdominal type, 272 I changes of air, 279 of blood, 285 of the tissues, 286 I costal type, 272 , foroe, 278 frequency, 277 influence of nervous system, 290 I mechanism, 269 et seq. movements, 269 methods of recording, 273 nitrogen in relation thereto, 281 organic matter excreted, 283 quantity of air changed, 276 relation to the pulse, 277 suspension and arrest, 230 et eeq. ty^ of, 266 Respiratory acts, special, 287 apparatus, 2^9 capacity of chest, 277 cells, 266 movements, 26^ axes of rotation, 270 et teq. of glottis, 276 influence on amount of carbonic acid, 280 on arterial tension, 298 et aeq. rate, 2^7 relation to pulse rate, ih. size of animal, ib. relation to will, 291 et seq. various mechanism, 287 INDEX. 879 Bbspulatokt aots. Beipiratory acts — continued* musoles, 269 et »eq, daily work, 278 power of, io. nenre-oentre, 291 rhythm, 275 sounds, f^. Bestifonn bodies, 607 et aeq, Betifonn or adenoid, or lymphoid tiMue, 48 Beticulum, 10 Betina. 721 blind spot, 743 blood-yessels, 727 duration of impression on, 744 of after-sensations, ib. excitation of, 7^3 focal distance 01, 732 fovea centralis, 721 functions of, 743 image on, how formed distinctly, 730 inversion of, how corrected^ 749 insensible at entrance of optic nerve, , 743 layers, 721 in ^uaidrupeds, 761 reciprocal action of parts of^ 757 in relation to direction of vision, 743 to motion of bodies, 752 to single vision, 758 to size of field of vision, 749 structure of^ 721 visual purple, 747 Rheoscopic frog, 483 Rhinencephalon, 034 Rigor mortis, 476 affects all classes of muscles. 477 phenomena and causes of, to. Bitter's tetanus, 457 Bods and cords, 724 Rolandic area, 649 Botatory movements, 666 Bunning, mechanism of, 482 But or heat, 779 S. Saccharine principles of food, digestion of, 311 Saccharoses, 121 Sacculus, 699 Saliva, 31^ composition, ib. process of secretion, 626 quantity, 320 rate of secretion, ib. uses, ib. Salivary glands, 311; development oi, 841 influence of nervous system, 323 mixed, 318 nerves, t^. Sensation. Salivary glands — continued, secretion, 319 structure, 315 true, 317 varieties, ib. Sanson's images, 734 Saponification. 367 Sarcode, 2. See Protoplasm. Sarcosin, 511, 8^ Scheiner's experiment, 735 Schematic eye, 730 SchLff*s test, 431 Schneiderian membrane, 689 Sclerotic, 714 Sebaceous glands, 449 their secretion, 453 Secreting glands, 490, 495 aggrcj^ated, ib. convoluted tubular, t^. tubular or simple, ib. Secreting membranes. See Mucous and Serous membranes. Secretion, 400 apparatus necessary for, 4^5 et aeq. changes in gland-cells during. 497 circumstances infiuencing, 490 discharge of, ib. influence of nervous system, 499 of urine, 440 process of phvsical and chemical, 497 Segmentation oi^ cells, 790 in chick, 792 ovum, ib. Semen, 78,^ composition of, 788 filaments or spermatozoa, 785 tubes, 773 Semicircular canals of ear, 698 development of, 839 et seg. use of, 657 Semilunar valves. See Heart valves. Semilunes of Heidenhain, 317 Sensation, 674 colour, 754. common, 075 conditions necessary to, ib. excited by mind, io. by internal causes, ib, of motion, 683 nerves of, 587 et seg. of pain, 683 of pressure, 678 special, 675 nerves of, 615 stimuli of, 572 of special, ib. subjective, 679. See also Special Senses. tactile, 678 temperature, 681 tickling, 675 touch, 678 of weight, 683 88o INDEX. Senses. Senses, special, 674 organs of, deTeiopment of, 836 Sensorium, 676 Sensory centres in cerebral cortex, 658 Sensory impressions, conduction of, 589 by spinal cord, t^. in brain, 651 nerves, 587 Serine, 150 Serous membranes, Agi arrangement of, to. communication of l^nnphatics with, 492 fluid secreted by, tb, functions, ib. living joints, etc., 491 ei Beq. visceral cavities, ib. structure of, 491 Serum, of blood, 149 albumin, 115 separation of, 149 Seventh cerebral nerve. See Cerebral nerves. Sexual organs and functions in the femue, 765 in the male, 772 Sighing, mechanism of, 287 Sight, 713. See Vision. Silica, parts in which found, 1 25 Silicon, ib. Sinuses of dura mater, 577 et seq, of Valsalva, 103 Sixth cerebral nerve, 622 Size of field of vision, 750 Skatol, 366 Skeleton. See Frontispiece. Skin, 444 absorption by, 412 of metallic substances, ib. of water, ib. cutis vera of, 446 epidermis of, 444 evaporation from, 532 excretion by, 452 exhalation of carbonic acid from, 454 of watery vapour from, ib. functions of, 452 papilla! of, 447 perspiration of, 452 rete mucosum of, 445 sebaceous glands of, 449 structure of, ib. sudoriferous glands of, 447 Sleep, 656 Small intestine, 354 Smell, sense of, 688 conditions of, ib, different kinds of odours, 692 impaired by lesion of facial nerve, 624 impaired by lesion of fifth nerve, 621 internal excitants of, 6^3 limited to olfactory region, 689 structure of organ of, ib. Spinal cobd. Smell — continued. subjective sensationa, 692 vanes in different animals, ib. Sneezing, centre, 613 mechanism of, 289 Snifflnff, mechanism of, 290 smell, aided by, .689 Soaps, 852 Soboing, 290 Sodium, 124 Solitary glands. See Peyer's. Soluble ferments, 385 Somatopleure, 798 Somnambulism, 657 Sonorous vibrations, how communicated in ear, 703 et wq, in air and in water, ib. See Sound. Sound, binaural sensations, 712 conduction of by ear, 703 heart, 194 movements and sensations produced by, 712 perception, of airection of, 71 1 of distance of, io. permanence of sensation of, ib. production of, 710 subjective, 712 Source of water, 123 Spaces of Fontana, 720 Spasms, reflex acts, 575 centre, 614 Speaking, 289 mechanism of, 567 Special senses, 678 Speech, 567 Spermatozoa, development of, 785 form and structure of, ib, function of, 789 motion of, 785 Spherical aberration, 740 correction of, ib. Sphincter ani. See Defsecation. vesicce, 423 Sphygmograph, 217 tracings, 21S et seq. Sphygmometer, 221 Spinal accessory nerve, 630 Spinal cord, 579 automatism, 576 canal of, 578 centres in, 59c a collection of nervous centres, ib. columns .of, 578 commissures of, ib. conduction of impressions by, 588 et seq. course of fibres in, 584 development of, 832 fissures and furrows of, 578 functions of, 588 of columns, 584 INDEX. 88 1 Spinal cohd. Spinal cord — continued. influence on lymph-hearto, 597 on sphincter ani, 595 on tone, 597 morbid irritability of^ 595 nerves of, 585 reflex action of, 591 inhibition of, 593 special centres in, 595 structure of, 578 et seq. tracts, 584 weight, 643 relative, ih. white matter, 578 grey matter, 581 Spinal nerves, 585 origin of, 585 et seq, phvsiobgy of, 587 Spindle, 16 Spirem, 15 Spirometer, 277 Splanchnopleure, 7C)8 Spleen, 514 functions, 517 hilus of, 515 influence of nervous system, ^19 Malpighian corpuscles of, 510 pulp, 5 1 J. et aeq. stroma 01, i^. structure of, ib. trabeculii' of, 514 et seq. Spongioplasm, 10 Spontaneous movement, 4 Spot, ^rminal, 769 Stannius* experiments, 242 Stapes, 696 Starch, 19 diction of in mouth, 310 Starvation, 541 <?^ seq, Steapsin, 367 Stearic acid, 120 Stearin, ib. Stercorin, 381 allied to cholesterin, ib. Stereoscope, 753 Stethograph, 274 Stethometer, io. Stimuli, protoplasmic, 6 St. Martin, ^Uexis, case of, 348 Stomach, 336 blood-vessels, 340 development, 839 et seq. digestion in, 343 circumstances favouring, 346 products of, 345 digestion after death, 350 elands, 339 lymphatics, 340 movements, 147 influence of nervous system, 349 muoous membrane, 338 muscular coat, 336 K.P. Tastb. Stom&cii— continued, nei-ves, 341 secretion of. See Gastric fluid. structure, 336 temperature, 346 Stomata, 33 Stratum intermedium (Hanover), 83 Striated muscle. See Muscle. Stroma-fibrin, 131 Stromuhr, 231 Structure of cells, 10 Submaxillary gland, 322 et aeq. Substantia nigra, 633 Suecus entericus, 302 functions of. 383 Sucking, mechanism of, 290 centre, 613 Sudoriferous glands. See Skin. Sugar. Sec Glucose. estimation of, 859 et seq. Sulphates, 125 in tissues, id. in urine, ^34 Sulphuretteu hydrogen, 173 Superior laryngeal nei-ve, 293 Suprarenal capsules, 523 development of, 847 disease of, relation to discoloration of skin, 525 structure, 523 Swallowing, 335 centre, 336 nerves engaged, t^. Sweat, J.53 Sympatnetic nervous system, 668 distribution, ib. divisions of, ib. fibres, differences of from cerebro- spinal fibres, 670 functions, 671 et aeq. ganglia of, 67 1 action of, 07 r et aeq. structure, 670 in substance of organs, 668 heart, 24J structure of, 673 Synovial fluid, secretion of, 492 membranes, 401 Systemic circulation. See Circula- tion. vessels, ib. Systole of heart, 189 Table of diet, 547 Taste, 685 after-tastes, 687 centre^ 660 conditions for perception of, 685 connection with smell, 686 3 L 882 INDEX. Taste. T&sic—coHtutued. impaired by injury of facial nerre, 624 of fifth nerve, 627 nerves of, ib. seat of, 686 subjective sensations, 688 varieties, 687 Taste-goblets, 331 Taurin, 375 Taurocholic acid, ib. Teeth, 73 development, 80 eruption, times of, 73 structure of, 76 et seq, temporary and permanent, 73 et »eq. Tegmentum, 633 Temperature, 527 average of l>oay, ib. changes of, effects of, 528 et seq. circumstances modifying, 532 of cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals. 529 in disease, to. loss of, 532 maintenance of, ^29 of Mammalia, Burds, etc., 528 regulation of, 532 sensation of variation of, 681. See Heat. Tcmporo-maxillar}' fibro-cartilage, 315 Tendon-reflex, 593 Tension, arterial, 206 of gases in lungs, 283 Tensor choroideiv, 73d Tensor tympani muscle, 696 office of, ib. Testicle. 772 development, 847 descent of, ib. structure of, 772 et seq. Tetanus, 470 Thalamencephalon, 834 Thalami optici, function of, 661 Thei'mogenesis, 534 et seq. Thermogenic nerves and nerve-centres. Thirst, 675 Thoracic duct, 398 Thymus gland, 519 function of, 520 structure, 519 Thyro-arytenoid muscles, 558 Thvroid-gland,^**- ^*. runctiou of, ib. structure, ib. Timbre of voice, 561; Tone of blood-vessels, 252 of muscles, 597 of voice, S64 Tongue, 328 action of in deglutition, 335 Ukate. Tongue — continued. epithelium of, 331 papillie of, 329 parts most sensitive to taste, 687 strjicture of, 327 Tonic centres, 614 Tonometer, 248 Tonsils, 226 Tooth-ache, radiation of, sensation in, 559 Touch, 678 after sensation, 682 conditions for perfection of. 678 connection of with muscular sense, 683 CO -operation of mind with, 684 hana an organ of, 679 illusions, 680 modifications of, 678 special organs, 6^9 subjective sensations, 682 the tongue an organ of, 686 various degrees of in different parts, 679 Touch -corpuscles, 679 Trachea, 261 Tracts in the spinal cord, 584 I'raube-IIering's cun-es, 302 Tricuspid valve, 177 Trigeminal or fifth nerve, 617 Trommer's test, 322 Trophic nerves, 621 Trypsin, 365 Tubes, Fallopian. See Fallopian tubes. Tubuli seminiferi, 773 uniferi, 415 <?< seq. Tunica albuginea of testicle, 772 Tympanum or middle ear, 704 development of, 839 functions of, 704 membrane of, 696 structure of, ib use of air in, 704 T)rpe8 of respiration, 272 Tyrosin, 366 U. Ulceration of parts attending injuries of nerves, 621 Umbilical arteries, 830 cord, ib. vesicle, 802 Unicellular organisms, i Unorganised ferments, 386 Unstriped muscular fibre, 85 development, 94 distribution, 85 structure, io. Urate of ammonium, 431 of sodium, ib. INDEX. 883 Ubba. Urea, 409 apparatus for estimating quantity, chemical compoeition of, 427 identical with cyanate of ammonium, ib.f 428 properties, 427 quantity, 425 in relation to muscular exertion, 511 sources, 509 Ureter, ii22 Uric acid, 429 condition in which it exists in urine, 430 forms in which it is deposited, 429 proportionate quantity of, 430 source of, 413 tests, 431 variations in quantity, 430 Urina sanguinis, potds, et cibi, 426 Urinary bladder, 422 dcTelopment, 849 nerves, 423 structure, 422 Urinary ferments, 424 Urine, 423 abnormal, 426 analysis of, 423 chemical composition, itf. colouring matter of, 432 cystin in, 436 decomposition by mucus, 424 etfect of blood-pressure on, 436 expulsion, 443 extractives, 4^6 flow of into bladder, 443 gases, 436 hippuric acid in, 431 mucus in, 433 oxalic acid in, 436 physical characters, 423 pigments, 432 quantity of chief constituents, 425 reaction of, 424 in different animal:>, ib. made alkaline by diet, 425 saline matter. 434 secretion, 436 rate of, to. solids, 425 variations of, ib. specific gravity of, 426 variations of, ib. urates, 431 urea, 427 uric acid in, 429 variatitms of specific gravity, 426 of water, 425 Urobilin, 432 Urochrome, ib. Uroerythrin, ib, Uromelanin, t^. Yesicvla sbmixalbs. Uterus, 770 change of mucous membrane of, 809 et seq. development of in pregnancy, ib. follicular glands of, 808 structure, 771 V. Vagina, structure of» 771 Vagus nerve. See Pneumogastric. VflJves of heart, 177. See Heart valves. Valvula; conniventes, 355 Vas deferens, 772 Vasa efferentia of testicle, 773, 814 recta of testicle, ib. Vascular area, 819 Vascular glands, U4 in relation to blood, 526 several ofiices of, ib. Vascular system, development of, 819 Vaso-constrictor nerves, 255 Vaso-dilator nerves, ib. Vaso-motor nerves, 252 effect of section, 252 et seq. influence upon blood-pressure, 255 Vaso-motor nerve-centres, ib., 252 reflection, 254 Vegetables ana animals, distinctions between, i" Veins, 186 circulation in, 229 et seq. rate of, 232 cardinal, 827 collateral circulation in, 188 development, 827 distribution, 185 influence of gravitation in, 229 parietal system of, 828 et seq. pressure m, 213 rhythmical action in, 230 structure of, 186 umbilical, 830 valves of, 187 velocity of blood in, 232 visceral system of, 828 et seq. Velocity of blood in ai-teries, 230 in capillaries, 232 in veins, ib. of circulation, 232 of nervous force, 572 conditions modifying, t^. Vemc hepaticiu advehentes, 828 revehentes, ib. Ventricles of heart. See Heart. Vertebne, development of, 814 Vertebral plate, 799 Vesicle, germinal, 768 Vesicula germinativa, ib. Vesiculw) seminales, 775 structure, ib. 884 INDEX. ViBRATtONS. Vibrations, conveyance of to auditory nerve, 704 et aeq. Villi in chorion, 807 in placenta, 811 of intestines, 358 ViBceral arches, development of, 816 connection with cranial nerves, 817 lamina} or plates, 800 Visceral plates, ib. Viscero-inhibitory ner\'es, 672 motor, ib. Vision, 713 angle of, 730 at different distances, adaptation of eye to, 723 et teq. centre, 658 corpora quadrigemina, the principal nerve-centres of, 667 correction of aberration, 740 et ^rq. of inversion of image, 749 defects of, 738 et neq. distinctness of, how secured, 753 et neq. duration of sensation in, 7/14 estimation of the form of oDJects, 752 of their direction, ib. of their motion, 753 of their size, 751 field of^ sixe of, 750 focal distance of, 732 impaired by lesion of fifth nerve, 621 influence of attention on. 754 purple, 746 single^ with two eyes, 758 et »eq. Visual direction, 752 Vitellin, 117 Vitelline duct, 840 membrane, 768 spheres, ib. Vitreous humour, 727 Vocal cords, 555 et seq, action of in respiratory actions, 562 approximation of, effect on height of note, 563 vibrations of, cause voice, 555 Voice, 554 et eeq. Vomiting, 352 action 01 stomach in, 353 centre, xb. nerve-actions in, 35^, 613 voluntary and acquired, \b. Zymoosn. Vowels and consonants, 568 Vulvo-vaginal or Duvemey's glands, 772 W. Walking, 480 Wallerian method, 583 Water, 123 forms large part of human body, 123 Wave of blood causing the pulse, 218 velocjtv of, ib. Wharton s jelly, 47 White corpuscles. See Blood-coipusclea, white; amf Lymph-corpuscies. White fibro-oartilfige. See Fibro-ear- tilage, white. fibrous tissue, 44 Willis, circle of, 234 Wolflfian bodies, 845 et eeq. Wooldridge, 136 Work of heart, 205 X. Xanthin, 513 Xantho-proteic reaction, 113 Y. Yawning, 2^ Yelk, or vltellus, 768 chants of, in Fallopian tube, 790 cleavmg of, ib. constriction of, by ventral lamina?, 801 Yelk-sac, 802 et aeq. Yellow elastic fibre, 44 fibro •cartilage, 56 spot of Sommenng, 721 Young-Helmholtz theory, 755 Z. Zimmermann, corpuades of, 521 Zona pellucida, 708 Zonule of Zinn, 727 Zymogen, 364 THE END. BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. LD., PRINTER8, WHITEPBLARS. w w 1 /: This book should be returned to the Library on or before the last date stamped below. A fine of five cents a day is inourrg by retaining it beyond the speoiffl time. Please return promptly. i. 