None
3x10 12 18 0 18 I 19 3 20 0 21 6 3x10 16 16 3 16 5 17 7 i8 2 19 6 2X12 12 18 10 19 0 20 3 20 10 22 6 2X12 16 17 2 17 3 18 4 19 0 20 6 3x12 12 21 6 21 8 23 2 24 0 25 9 3x12 16 19 7 19 8 21 I 21 9 23 5 2x14 12 22 0 22 2 23 8 24 4 26 3 2x14 16 20 0 20 I 21 6 22 2 23 10 2^x14 12 23 8 23 10 25 6 26 3 28 3 2^x14 16 21 6 21 8 23 2 23 10 25 8 3x14 12 25 4 25 4 27 I 28 0 30 I 3x14 16 23 0 23 0 24 7 25 4 27 4 53* B UILDING CONSTR UCTION. TABLE X. MAXIMUM SPAN FOR FLOOR JOISTS. Office Buildings. Total load, 93 pounds per square foot. Size of Joists. Dist. on Centres. White Pine. Spruce or  13 9 12 6 14 2 12 10 15 4 13 10 2x10 12 14 I 15 I 15 6 16 7 2x10 3x10 3x10 2X12 16 12 16 12 12 16 14 16 9 I 8 10 13 8 17 3 15 8 18 I 14 I 17 9 16 2 18 8 15 2 19 2 17 5 20 I 2X12 16 15 4 16 5 17 0 18 3 Total load. 96 pounc Is per square foot. 3x12 3x12 2x14 2x14 2JXI4 2^x14 12 16 12 16 12 16 19 17 19 17 21 19 2 5 6 9 I 2 20 6 18 7 20 10 19 0 22 6 20 4 21 2 19 3 21 7 19 7 23 2 21 2 22 9 20 8 23 2 21 2 25 0 22 8 3x14 3x14 12 16 22 20 4 4 23 10 21 8 24 8 22 5 27 7 24 I TABLE XL MAXIMUM SPAN FOR FLOOR JOISTS. Churches and Theatres With Fixed Seats. Total load, 102 pounds per square foot. Size of Joists. Dist. on Centres. White Pine. Spruce Norway  14 10 3x8 16 II 4 12 2 12 6 13 6 2x10 12 13 7 14 7 15 I 16 2 2x10 16 12 4 13 3 13 8 14 9 3x10 12 15 8 16 9 17 3 18 7 3x10 16 14 2 15 2 15 8 16 10 2x12 12 16 5 17 7 18 I 19 6 2x12 16 14 10 15 II 16 5 17 8 Total load, 105 pounds per square foot. 3x12 12 18 7 19 II 20 6 22 I 3x12 16 16 10 18 I 18 7 20 I 2x14 12 19 0 20 3 20 10 22 6 2x14 16 17 3 18 5 19 0 20 6 2ixi4 2|xi4 12 20 4 21 9 22 6 24 3 16 18 7 19 10 20 6 22 I 3x14 12 21 8 23 2 23 10 25 9 3x14 16 19 8 21 I 21 9 23 4 MAXIMUM SPAN FOR FLOOR JOISTS. 533 TABLE XII. MAXIMUM SPAN FOR FLOOR JOISTS. Assembly Halls and Corridors. Total load, 123 pounds per square foot. Size of Joists. Dist. on Centres. White Pine. Spruce or  14 0 3x8 16 10 8 II 4 II 9 12 8 2x10 12 12 10 13 9 14 2 15 2 2x10 16 II 7 12 6 12 10 13 10 3x10 12 14 8 15 8 16 2 17 5 3x10 16 13 ' 4 14 3 14 9 15 10 2x12 12 15 4 16 6 17 0 18 3 2X12 16 14 0 15 0 15 5 16 7 Total 1 oad. 126 pou nds per square foot. 3x12 12 17 6 18 3 19 3 20 9 3x12 16 15 10 17 0 17 7 18 II 2x14 12 17 10 19 I 19 8 21 2 2x14 16 16 2 17 4 17 II 19 3 2ixi4 12 19 3 20 6 21 2 22 9 2^x14 16 17 6 18 8 19 3 20 9 3x14 12 20 5 21 9 22 6 24 3 3x14 16 18 7 19 10 20 6 22 I TABLE XIIL MAXIMUM SPAN FOR FLOOR JOISTS. Retail Stores. Total load, 1 74 pounds per square foot. Size •f Joists. Dist. on Centres. White Pine. Spruce or  14 9 3x8 16 9 II 10 2 12 2 12 9 2x10 12 II 8 12 8 14 5 15 I 2x10 16 10 3 10 II 12 5 13 I 3x10 12 14 4 15 6 17 7 18 7 3x10 16 12 5 13 5 15 2 16 0 2x12 12 14 I 15 2 17 2 18 2 2x12 16 12 2 13 I 14 II 15 8 Total load, 177 pounds per square foot. 3x12 12 17 2 18 5 20 II 22 I 3x12 16 14 10 16 0 18 2 19 I 2x14 12 lb 3 17 7 19 II 21 I 2x14 l6 14 2 15 2 17 3 18 2 2JXI4 12 18 2 19 7 22 3 23 6 2^x14 16 15 9 17 0 19 3 20 4 3x14 12 19 II 21 6 24 5 25 8 3x14 16 17 3 18 7 21 2 22 3 534 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. TABLE XIV. MAXIMUM SPAN FOR RAFTERS. A. Shingled Roofs Not Plastered.* Total load, 48 pounds per square foot. Size of Joists. Dist. on Centres. Hemlock. White Pine. Spruce or  6 10 10 2x4 20 6 6 10 7 6 8 6 8 10 2x6 ID II II 7 12 6 14 2 15 0 2x6 20 9 II 10 4 II 2 12 8 13 4 3x6 16 13 14 2 15 3 17 5 18 3 3x6 20 12 2 12 8 13 8 15 7 16 4 2x8 16 14 9 15 6 16 8 18 II 20 0 2x8 20 13 3 13 10 14 II 16 II 17 10 2x8 24 12 I 12 7 13 7 15 6 16 3 2x10 16 18 6 19 3 20 10 23 8 25 0 2x10 20 16 7 17 3 18 8 21 2 22 3 2x10 24 15 I 15 9 17 0 19 .3 20 4 B. Slate Roofs Not Plastered, or Shingle Roofs Plastered.* Total load, 57 pounds per square foot. Size of Joists. Dist. on Centres. Hemlock. White  8 8 9 2 2x4 20 6 0 6 4 6 9 7 9 8 2 2x6 16 10 2 10 7 II 6 13 0 13 8 2x6 20 9 I 9 6 10 2 II 7 12 3 3x6 16 12 6 13 0 14 I 15 II 16 9 3x6 20 II I II 8 12 7 14 3 15 0 2x8 16 13 7 14 2 15 3 17 4 18 3 2x8 20 12 2 12 8 13 8 15 6 16 4 2x8 24 II I II 7 12 6 14 2 14 II 3x8 16 16 7 17 4 18 9 21 3 22 5 3x8 20 14 10 15 6 16 9 19 0 20 I 3x8 24 13 7 14 2 15 3 17 4 18 4 2x10 16 17 0 17 8 19 2 21 7 22 10 2xIO 20 15 2 15 10 17 I 19 4 20 6 2xlO 24 13 10 14 6 15 7 17 8 iS 8 . PLEASE RETURN TO MPT. of APPLIED MECHANJC& MAXIMUM SPAN FOR RAFTERS. 535 TABLE XIV.— (Continued). MAXIMUM SPAN FOR RAFTERS. C. Slate Roofs Plastered, or Gravel Roofs Not Plastered.* Total load, 66 pounds per square foot. Size of Joists. Dist. on Centres. Hemlock. White Pine. Spruce or Norway Pine." Oregon or Texas Pine. Georgia Pine. Ins. Ft. Ins. Ft Ins. Ft Ins. Ft. Ins. Ft. Ins. 2x6 16 9 5 9 10 10 8 12 I 12 9 2x6 20 S 6 8 10 9 6 10 9 II 5 3x6 16 II 7 12 I 13 I 14 10 15 7 3x6 20 10 4 10 10 II 8 13 3 14 0 2x8 16 12 7 13 2 14 2 16 2 17 0 2x8 20 II •3 II 9 12 9 14 5 15 2 2x8 24 10 3 10 9 II 7 13 2 13 10 3x8 16 15 5 16 I 17 5 19 9 20 ID 3x8 20 13 9 14 5 15 3 17 8 18 8 3x8 24 12 7 13 2 14 2 16 2 17 0 2x10 16 15 9 16 6 17 9 20 2 21 3 2xlO 20 14 I 14 .8 15 II 18 0 19 0 2x10 24 12 10 13 5 14 6 16 6 17 5 2X12 16 18 10 19 9 21 4 24 2 25 6 2x12 20 16 10 17 8 19 I 21 8 22 10 2X12 24 15 5 16 I 17 5 19 9 20 10 ♦These tables are intended for climates where a snow fall of 2 feet may be expected. In th» Southern States, where there is no snow to speak of, the spans in the first section will be sato for slate or gravel roofs if the joists are sawn full to dim«nsions. INDEX. Anchors, wall, for floor joists, 64; specifications for 478 Angle beads, 282; specifications for 486 Annual rings in wood 1 1 Area walls, framing for 438 Asbestos sheathing paper 207 B Back plastering, preparation for. . . 211 Balances, sash, 395; specifications for 496 Balconies, 421; see also galleries.. Balloon framing 48 Balusters, stair 303 Balustrades for porches 182 Band mould 240 Base around rooms, 275; specifica- tions for 485 Bastard sawing 25 Bay windows 129 Beams, ceiling, 283; specifications for 486 Beams, floor, framing of, see floor joists; maximum span for 531 Beams, wooden, strength of 528 Bearing plates 431 Bed mould 240 Bedsteads, dimensions of 313 Bent wood 24 Belt courses, wooden 174 Birch 41 Black walnut 43 Blind trimmings, outside, 404; specifications for 474 Blinds, outside, specificatioas for. . 474 Bolles' patent revolving sash 123 Bolts, common, kinds and sizes. . . 328 Bolts, door, 37g; cost of, 414; ex- tension, 382; flush ■ 381 Bommer spring hinges, 339; cost of 412 Bower- Barff finish 330 Bowled floors, construction of 419 Box casing 117 Box cornice 154 Box frames, 115; specifications for. 482 Braced frame, wooden buildings, 47; specifications for ... 466 Bracing of posts and girders 436 Brass 33c Brick mould 116 Brick buildings, floors in, 61 ; speci- fications for 476 Bridging of floor joists, 58; specifi- cations for 466 Bridging of partitions 84 Broad leaved woods 39 Bronze, 330; finishes of 331 Bulkhead over cellar stairs, 147; specifications for 473 Bureaus, dimensions of 313 Butler's pantry, fittings for, 305; specifications for 489 Butternut 41 Butt joints 330 Butts, 334; cost of, 411; double- action, 338; sizes of, 337; specifi- cations for 493 Byr kit's patent sheathing lath 212 C Cabot's Sheathing Quilt 178, 206 Casement windows, 125; hardware for, 400, 497; specifications for, 473 Cast iron columns and posts, de- tails of, 433; strength of 525 Cedar, varieties of 37 Cedar closet, fittings for, 305 ; speci- fications for 489 Ceiling, wood , 279 Ceiling beams, 283; maximum span for, 530; specifications for 486 Ceilings under flat roofs 216 Cellar window frames. . . . 108, 473, 481 Chain bolts, 381, 383; prices of . . 414 Chair rail 28 Chairs and seats, dimensions of . .. . 312 Characteristics and properties of wood 9 Cherry 41 Chestnut 42 Chimneys, flashing of, 199; furring around, 218; in outside walls... 218 China closet, fittmgs for, 305 ; speci- fications for 489 Clapboards, 175; specifications for, 471 Closets, fittings for, 305; specifica- tions for 490 Clothes chu<^e 307 Clothes hooks 411, 415 Coach screws. 328 538 rNDEX. Coal chute, construction of 107 Coat and hat hooks, 411; cost of. 415 Coiling partitions 502 Columns, cast iron, details of, 433; strength of 526 Columns, gas pipe, 434; strength of 527 Columns, ornamental, built up. 285 Columns, wooden, details of con- nections, 428; strength of 524 Composition roof, specifications for 498 Compound wooden girders 444 Conductor heads 166 Conductors, metal, 165; specifica- tions for, 470; waste from, 166; wooden 164 Conductors carried inside of the walls 167 Connection of floor joists and gird- ers.... 435 Construction, mill 454 Construction, heavy 419 Construction of bell-shaped roofs, 99; of brick buildings, 61; of conical roofs,- 98; of curb and mansard roofs, 96; of stairs, 293; of Windows, 112; of wooden buildings, 47; of wooden floors, 54, 61; of wooden roofs, 87, 91, 96 Copper roofs 21 Corner beads, 222; metal, 223; specifications for 475 Corner boards 174 Cornice construction 151, 164 Cornices, interior wooden, 285; specifications for 486 Cost of glass, 138, 141, 142; of hardware trimmings, 411; of in- side blinds and shutters, 274; of mouldings, 241; of various woods 45 Counterflashing, 199; specifications for 470 Cross-furring, 215; specifications for 475 Crushing strength of timber, longi- tudinally, 523, 524; perpendicu- lar to the grain. 525 Crystal sheet glass 139 Cupboard catches and turns. .409, 415 Cupboard doors, 308; trimmings for 409. 415. 497 Curb roofs, 88, 93; construction of, 96 Custom made doors 247 Cutler mailing system 520 Cylinder locks 365 Cypress 39 D Deafening materials 206 Deafening of floors 205 Deck mouldings 195 Decay of timber 30 Details of casement windows, 125; of cellar windows, 108; of column connections, 428,433; of cupboards, drawers and book cases, 307; of door frames, ex- terior, 144; interior, 251; of double-hung window frames, 112 115; of floor construction, brick buildings, 64; wooden buildings, 51; of framing, 51; of inside blinds and shutterc, 262, 266; of mill construction, 455; of mul- lion and transom windows, 118; of outside finish, 151; of roof construction (wooden), 91; of skylights, iS^y; of store fronts. 539 Druggist's drawer pulls 410 Dry rot 31 Dryness of woods, measure of 20 Dumb waiters, fixtures for, 516; shaft for 307 Duplex joist hangers, 68; wall hangers 66 E Eaves and gutters, details of, 151; specifications for 467 Eave trough hangers 157 Eave troughs 157 Effect of shrinkage in timber 22 Effect of tapping pitch pine 36 Elm .• 42 Enclosing the building 226 End connections of columns 434 Escutcheon plates 372 Espagniolette bar 401 Extension bolts, 382; prices of. 414 Exterior finish, 151; specifications for 467 Fascia 152 Felt papers 177, 207 Finish, detailing of 241 Finished hardware, 328; butts, 314; door bolts, 379; door checks, 388; hinges, 332; locks, 352; materials and finish, 328; prices of, 411; sets, 373; sliding door hangers, 342; transom fixtures. 383 Finished hardware, for casement windows, 400; for cupboard doors, 4og; for doors, 332; for outside blinds, 404; for screen doors, 385; for shutters, 403; for water closet doors, 386; for win- dows. ... 390 Finishes of hardware 329 Finishing woods 39, 227 Fire stops 86, 210 Fittings and fixtures 304 Fittings for dumb waiters 516 Fixtures and fittings 304 Flashings, 195, 197; around win- dow frames, 115; specifications for 469, 498, 499 Flexifold partitions 509 Flitch plate girders, 71; safe load for 71 Floor beams, maximum span for (tables) 531 Floor joists, bridging of, 58; fram- ing to girders, 56, 59; framing to sill, 55; spacing of, 55; speci- fications for, 466, 477; wall sup- port for 64 Flooring, upper, parquetry, 318; qualities of, 315; specifications for .• 491 Floors, bowled, construction of. 419 Floors, deafening of 205 Floors, framing of, in brick build- ings, 61 ; in wooden buildings. 54 Floors, porch, framing of 58 Floors supported by rods and trusses 440 Floors with independent ceiling joists 75 Floors, under, 204; specifications for 475 Floors, upper, 313; laying and nailing of, 316; of hard wood, 314, 317; of parquetry, 318; specifications for 491 Flour bins 306 Flush bolts, 381; prices of 414 Folding doors, hanging 350 Frames, cellar window, 108; coal chute, 107; door, 144; window.. 108 Frames, specifications for 473, 475, 481. ro-md corners, 220; of ceilings, 21^; of walls 217 Furring, specifications for. . . .475, 482 Gable finish 167 Galieries, framing of, 421; hung with, 443; with heavy projec- tion 425 Galvanized iron gutters 157 Gambrel roofs 88, 93 Gas pipe columns, 434; strength of, 527 Gauge, American screw 327 Girders, built up, 73; compound wooden, 444; flitch plate, 71; steel beam, 74; trussed 449 Girders, framing of joists to. . . .56, 59, 69, 72, 435 Glass, 136; cost of , 138, 141; crys- tal sheet, 139; plate, 140; sheet, 137; special brands of, 139; specifications for, 474; weight of, 394 Glass knobs, 371 ; prices of 414 Glazing 136 Goetz box anchors 66 Goetz joist hangers 68 Goetz post caps 430 Goose necks 166 Grain of wood 13 Gravel roofs, specifications for. . . . 498 Grounds, 221; specifications for. .. 475. 482 Growth of trees 11 Gum wood 42 Gutters, 151; specifications for, 468, 470; tin and galvanized iron, 157; tin lined, 156; wooden, 152 H Hand of door 336 Hangers for sliding doors 342 Hard and soft woods, distinction between 13 Hard pine, 34; eff^ect of tapping. . . 36 Hard pine beams, strength of (table), 528 Hard pine posts, strength of (table), 525 Hard woods, description of 39 Hardware, finished, 328; in sets, 373; ornamental, 374; prices of, 411; putting on, 415; rough, 323; specifications for, 417 (see also finished hardware). Hatchway, 147; specifications for, 473 Heavy framing, chapter on, 419; specifications for 500 Hemlock 37 Heydebrand safety window 123 Hinges, common, 332; double- action, 338 ; spring, single action, 385 (see also butts). Hinges for outside blinds 404 Hip roof trussing lod Hips, finish of 193 Hotel locks. 365 I Imported woods 44 Inside blinds, folding, 262; rolling, 269; selection of, 274; sliding, 266; specifications for, 486; Vene- tian 271 Inside finish, 227 (see interior finish). Inside shutters 262 Interior finish, cornices, beams and columns, 282; detailing of, 241; of doors, 253; of windows, 257; miscellaneous, 277; preparation of, 229; putting up, 259; specifi- cations for, 483; woods for 227 J Jamb casings 258 Jambs, door, 25 1 ; panel 253 Joiners' work 227 Joining a wooden to a stone wall. . 179 Joining woodwork 230 Joist hangers. Duplex, 64; Goetz, 68; stirrups, 69; Van Dorn 71 Joint bolts, in framing, 69; stair. . 302 Joints in joiners' work — butt joints, 230; coped joints, 233; dovetail joints, 234; doweled and jeyed joints, 237; glued and blocked joints, 235; housed joints, 233; mitre joints, 232; tongue and grooved joints 231 K Keyed beams, rules for and strength of 446 Kiln drying 19 Kitchen dresser, 306; specifications for 489 Kitchen pantry, fittings for, 306; specifications for 489 Knobs and escutcheons, 368; cost of, 414; specifications for 495 Knots, their effect on the strength of timber 29 L Lag screws 328 Linen closet, fittings for 305 INDEX. 541 Lintels over openings, "specifications for 479 Locks, 352; construction and opera- tion of, 352; cylinder, 365; front door, 362; grades of, 358; hotel, 265; master keyed, 362; office, 365; prices of, 412; rim 352, 359; sliding door, 363, store door, 360; tumbler, 352; varieties off 359; wrought metal 357 Locks, specifications for 495 Lookouts, 160; see Figs. 137, 141. Lumber, conversion of, 25 ; cost of, 45; measurement of, 28; mer- chant sizes, 27; quarter sawed, 26; see also timber. Lumber for framing, 46; specifica- tions for 465, 500 M Mahogany 44 Mail chutes, the Cutler 520 Mansard roofs, 88, 93; construc- tion of 96 Maple 42 Market prices of various woods.. . . 45 Master keyed locks, 364; prices of, 412 Maximum span for ceiling joists. . . 530 Maximum span for floor joists 531 Maximum span for rafters 534 Measure of dryness of woods 20 Medulary rays ID Metal corner beads, 223; specifica- tions for 475 Mice stops, 210; specifications for, 476 Mill construction, 454; specifica- tions for 500 Mineral wool 208 Mitre joints 332 Moisture in wood 17 Mouldings, cost of, 241; kinds of, 240; names of 239 Mullion frames Ill, 118 N Nails, 323; holding power of, 326; sizes of, 324; for different kinds of work 325 Night latches, 368; prices of 413 O Oak 40 Office locks, 367; prices of 413 Ogee (O. G.) doors 245 Ogee (O. G.) moulding 238 Operations in joinery 229 Ornamental hardware 374 Outside blinds, hanging and hard- ware for, 404; specifications for, 474 Outside boarding, 106; specifica- tions for 467 Outside finish of wooden buildings, 151; materials for, 151; specifi- tions for 467 Outside frames, 107; specifications for 473, 481, 482 Outside walls of wooden buildings, framing of 47 Overhead pulleys for sash, 391 ; for doors 352 P Panel work 279 Paneled wainscoting, 277; specifi- cations for 485 Panel backs 259 Panel jambs 261 Pantry, butler's, fittings for, 305, 489; kitchen, fittings for. . ..306, 489 Paper, asbestos, 207; felt, 207; fireproof, 207; sheathing 177 Parquetry flooring. 318 Parting strip 115 Partitions, 76; bridging of, 84; chimneys in, 218; flexifold, 509; hot air pipes in, 86; rolling, 505; sliding door, 85; solid corners in, 83; specifications for, 476; stag- gered, 85; superintendence of, 105; supports for, 76; trussed, 81; trussed over openings 84 Partitions in mill construction, de- tails of 460 Patent doors 250 Patent windows 123 Piazzas, 179; specifications for, 47; see also porches. Picture moulding 281 Pine, varieties of 33 Pitch of roofs 87, 95 Pivoted windows, 127; hardware for 402 Planceer 152 Plinth blocks 257 Polishing- interior finish 229 Poplar (white wood) 43 Porch floors, framing of 58 Porches, construction and details of, 179; specifications for. . .471, 48 Post and girder construction 427 Post caps 428 Posts, strength of 524 Preparation for tile floors, 205; specifications for 475 Preservation of timber -^3 Prices of hardware, 411; of various woods, 45, see also, cost. 542 INDEX. Projecting corners, framing of. 59 Properties of wood 9 Pulleys for heavy doors. 351 Pulleys, sash, side pattern, 390; overhead, 391 ; specifications for, 496 Quarter sawed lumber 26 Queen overhead pulleys 392 Quirks 239 R Railing of porches and piazzas, 182; of stairs 301 Raised mouldings 240 Redwood 38 Resonance of wood , 15 Revolving doors 512 Revolving sash 123 Ridges, finish of 193 Rods, strength of 524 Rolling blinds 269 Rolling partitions 505, 509 Roof boarding 106 Roof bracing, simple method of. loi Roof plan, laying out of 89 Roofs, construction of, 87, 91, 96; pitch of 87; types of 88 Roofs in mill construction 459 Rot in timber 31 S Sash, details of, 130; revolving, 123; specifications for, 474; stock, 132, 142; store window, 133; weight of 394 Sash adjusters 402 Sash balances 395 Sash bars 134 Sash centres 384, 401 Sash chains 393 Sash cords 393 Sash fastenings, 396; cost of 414; specifications for 496 Sash lifts, 399; cost of, 414; speci- fications for 496 Sash pulleys 390 Sash pull plates or sockets 400 Sash ribbons 394 Sash weights 394 Screen door trimmings 385 Screws, kinds and sizes of ....... 326 Scribing 238 Scuttles, 189; specifications for... 469 Seasoning of timber 18 Seats, dimensions of 312 Selection of timber for special pur- poses 29 Shakes in wood 25 Sheathing, 106; specifications for. 467 Sheathing lath 212 Sheathing papers, 177; under shing- les on roof 192 Shingled roofs, 190; specifications for 469 Shingles, 190; durability of, 192; laying, 192; lining under 192 Shrinkage of woods, 21 ; amount of, 16; effect of 22 Shutters, inside, 262; hardware for, 403; specifications for 486 Siding 174, 175 Sink, carpenters' work around, 305 ; specifications for 490 Size of nails, 324; for different kinds of work 325 Sizing and crowning of floor joists, 54 Skirting 275 Skylights, wooden, 187; specifica- tions for. 480 Slate roofing, specifications for. 499 Sliding blinds 266 Sliding door partitions 85 Sliding doors, 246; hangers for, 342 ; trimmings for 363 Slow burning construction 454 Smoothing and polishing interior finish 227 Soft pines 33 Soft woods, distinction from hard woods 13 Solid wooden partitions 460 Specifications, general conditions. 464 Specifications, preface to chapter on. 543 for trusses, 501 ; for wainscoting, 485 ; for windows in brick build- ings, 481; in frame buildings. 473 Splined joints 237 Spring butts, double-action, 338; single-action 385 Spruce 36 Spruce beams, strength of (table). 529 Staff bead 116 Staggered partitions 85 Stairs, 286; construction of, 293; definitions, 287; laying out of, 288; public, width of, 293; rail- ing, posts and balusters, 301; specifications for 4^7 Steam pipe columns, 434; strength of '. ... 527 Steel beam girders 74 Stiffening a weak floor 75 Stirrup irons, 69; sizes and strength of 70 Stock doors 243 Stock mouldings 241 Stock windows 142 Stop adjusters 400 Stops for fire and mice 210 Store door locks, 360; prices of. 413 Store fronts and windows, 133; specifications for 5^3 Storm windows or sash, specifica- tions for 474 Storm window fastenings 408 Strength of cast iron columns (table) 526 Strength of hard pine beams (table), 528 Strength of hard pine posts (table), 525 Strength of iron and steel rods. ... 524 Strength of spruce beams (table). 529 Strength of stirrup irons 71 Strength of stones 523 Strength of timber, 523, 528; as affected by its physical charac- teristics 28 Strength of wooden beams, formulae, 528; tables 528, 529 Strength of wooden posts 524 Sub-jambs or jamb casings 117 Superintendence of hardware, 415; of interior finish, stairs and upper floors, 319; of outside finish and shingle roofs, 201; of outside windows and door frames, 149; of wood framing 102 Suspended ceilings under flat roofs, 216 Sycamore 43 Tables, dimensions of 312 Tenon and mortise joint in joiners' work, 236, 247; in wood fram- ing 56 Thickness of rough and finished lumber 243 Tile floors, preparation for, 205; specifications for 475 Timber, conversion of, 25 ; cost of, 45; decay of, 30; measurement of, 28; merchant sizes of, 27; preservation of, 32; seasoning of, 18; selection of for special pur- poses, 29; shakes in, 25; shrink- age of, 21, 24; strength of, 523; as affected by physical charac- teristics, 28 ; varieties of, used in the United States 33 Timber for framing, 30; specifica- tions for 465, 500 Tin roofs, 2(X); specifications for. Wall covering, clapboards and sid- ing, 174; shingles. 176; specifi- cations for 471 Wall plate for brick or stone build- ings 67 Walnut 43 Wards 354 Washers for butts 337 Waste from conductors 166 Water closet doors, hardware for . . 386 Water table, wooden, 173; specifi- cations for 468 Weight of timber, 16, 523; of sash and glass, 394; of structural ma- terials 523 Weight of wood, as affecting its strength 29 Whitewood 43 Width of public stairs 293 Wilson's rolling blinds 271 Wilson's rolling partitions 507 Window glass and glazing, 136; specifications for 474 Window frames, casement, 125; cellar, 108; details of, 108, 112; double-hung, 112; pivoted, 127; specifications for, 473, 481; tran- som Ill, 118 Window hardware, 390; prices of, 414; specifications for. 494 Windows, bay, 129; revolving, 123; stock, 142; store, 133; types of, 109 Wood framing, 47; see framing. Wooden beams, strength of 528 Wooden buildings, covering of, 174; framing of, floors, 54; out- side walls, 47; roof, 89; specifi- cations for 465 Wooden cornices, exterior, 153; specifications for 467 Wooden cornices (interior), ceiling beams, columns, etc., 282; speci- fications for 486 Wooden posts, details of, 427; strength of 524 Wooden skylights, 187; specifica- tions for 480 Woods, characteristics and proper- ties of, 9; cqlor and odor of, 14; distinction between hard and soft, 13; imported, 44; moisture in, 17; prices of, 45; resonance of, 15; shrinkage of, 21, 24; varieties of 33; weight of. . . .16, 523 Woods, finishing, 227; specifica- tions for 483 Y Yoke, see Fig. 96 114 ^smu^ TH U5 K53 pt.2 Kidder, Frank Eugene Building construction and superintendence ENGINEERIRQ PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY. 