None
— When an ammonia solution of tlieobrumiue is treated with silver nitrate solution, a gelatinous precijjitate is ulitained, and on boiling this granular crystals of argentic thet>broiuine are ob- tained, C\H7AgN402. And when this compound is treated with anhydrous methyl iodide, at 100° C, for twenty-four hours, ca'ifeine (methyl theobromine) is formed, with silver iodide (Steeckee, 1861). Again, when theobromine, alcoholic solution of potassium hydrate, and methyl iodide, in equiva- lent quantities, are heated together at 100° C. in sealed tuljes, caffeine is formed, with potassium iodide (Schmidt and Peesslee, 1883), aH„Ag]N'40., + Cll3l = CVIi7(CIi3)N402 + Agl C^HgN/)^ + 0H3l"+ KOk = C7H7(CH3)N403 + Kl + Wff. Potassium mercuric iodide produces no precipitate in the acidu- lous solutions of theobromine, and iodine in potassium iodide solution causes little precipitation (distinctions of caffeine and theobromine from most other alkaloids). e. — Theobromine may be separated from non-volatile mat- ters, in general, by sublimation at a gradually increasing heat beginning at 170° C. From most alkaloids by its slight solubi- lities, and from caffeine l>y its smaller solubilities in benzene (Schmidt), or water, or ether. f. —The quantitdtive estimation of theobromine in cacao is made by Schmidt and Peesslee (1883) as follows : The crushed caca(.) is freed from oil by pressure, half its remaining weight of slaked lime is added, and the mixture is boiled repeatedly with alcohol of 80 per cent, strength. The residue on evapora- tion of the alcohol is reciystallized from the same solvent, and is obtained as a white, crystalline powder. It may be dried at 100° C. and weighed. TROPEINES. See Mideiatic Alkaloids, p. 339. TURKEY-RED OIL. See Fats and Oils, p. 287. TYROTOXICON.—" Cheese Poison:' The putrefactive product obtained in 1885 by Professor Vaughan, and recently TYROTOXICON. 515 xniiouneoil by lilm to be diazubeiizuuc, ( ■qII-.N:N, in cumbiiia- tion with uruls.' a. — Tvrcitiixicoii, obtained from milk pi'dilucts as (Iii'(.'ct- ed mider t\ was found to ai;re(_' \\\i\\ diazoliLMizene Inityi-ate, Cyllj. X.,. C'^I1~( )., , in (•I'ystailiziiin- in ncudles, wliicli n'l'aduall)' decompose in moist air. Potassium diazobeiizi'iR', ( '|;IJ.. N._,. ( )K, obtained fi'om tyrotoxicon,'' aii[n'ared in tine six sidcMl ])lates. Tyrotoxieou compounds, at IdnM'., ex])io(k' with violence. Zi. Tlie crystals have a penetrating, old-clieesy odor. A minute portion placed upon the t<.ini;iic produces " drynes.s of the thmat, nausea, \omltim;', and diari'ho'a." In children the ellects agree with the symptoms of cholera infantum. Ten dixips of a coiKa'ntrated a(|ueous solution of t)rotoxicon fi'om milk thi'ee months old, })laccd iu the mouth of a small dog three weeks old, in a few tiiinutes caused "frothing at the mouth, jetching. vomiting of frothy liquid, I'ajiid breathing, niu.^cular spai-m n\t'i- the abdomen, and after some time wateiy stools." similar ef- fects were obtained with cats, and subseiiuent dissection showeti the mucous mendjrane of the stoiiuu'li and intestines to be blanched and soft. Of diazobenzene butyrate, artificially pre- j)are(i,^ 0.010 t<i O.DL'.J gram given to cats caused se\'ere s\ mptonis, the same as abo\e detailed, and 0.1n(.lgi';im caused death, the mu- cous membrane of the stiJinaeh not being reddened, but leit pale and soft. c. — " TvrotoXK-oii is soluble in water, alcijliol, chloicitorm, and ether." " Purified tyrutoxicon is insoluble in ether, and it pi-dliabh' owes its solubility in ether at tliis stage to the ])resence of impurities." Tlie ordinary salts of diazobenzene are more or less freelv soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohci], and are for the most part precipitated from akailiolic solutions l)y I'ther. (1 . — The diazobeiizenoid comjiounds are ick'ntitied by the j-eactioii of LiionKKMA.xN,'' namely, by the bright colors tlie\ gi\e 'Vii'ioii V. 'S'augiiax, 1SIS4-S.'): "A Plniiuiine from I'ms us C'licuse," Zeilxch. pltij.^iiiloij. (.'hi'tii,., 10, 14(i; Jour. C/inii. ,Soc.. 50, 37:1. Jlicliiuan State JioanI ot IJcallli Iti|i<iii.s, 1885 and after. "Tyrutnxiudii ; Its prrscine ill pri- sonous clii-cse, ife-iirain, and milk," Am, Asson. Adv. Sci , Buffalo Meeting, An,i,'nsl, IHSi;, ,/i/(if. AiKdi/l C/nm., I, 24. " Tlic Cliemistry of Tyi-oluxii'on an.l il- ac'lion n|>on I In' lower animals," with report of di'termination of diazo- benzi'nr, ibid , l, 2H1. ' Ky mi'tiind of <iiiii:ss, isiii;: Ann. C/iciii. P/mr., 137, r)4, ■' Hv I lift nx'lliod of (imi'SS, lor. cit. ' Lliaii.iiMA.N.N, 1874: /''■/■. d. rlujni. (lix., 7,217; dour Cln-iii. Sor.. 27. 693: that suljjhuric acid holding nitrous acid m solution j^ives eolor-rcaclions 5i6 TYROTOXICON. when treated with concentrated sulphuric acid and plienol. " With equal parts of sulphuric acid and carbolic acid tlie pre- pared [artificial] diazobenzene nitrate gave a green coloration ; while with the same reagents tyrotuxicon gave a color which varied from a yellow to an orange-red. But the diazobenzene nitrate dissolved in the whey of normal milk and extracted M'itli ether, or in the presence of other proteids, gave the same shades of color as the tyrotoxicon did, and the potassium compound of tyrotoxicon prepared by the method to be given later produced the same shade of green as did the artificial diazobenzene. Tliis color test may be used as a jjreliminary test in examining milk for tyrotoxicon. It is best carried out as follows : Place on a clean porcelain surface two or three drops each of pure sulphuric acid and pure carbolic acid. This mixture should remain color- less, or nearly so. Then add a few drops of the residue left after the s])ontaneous evaporation of the ether. If tyrotoxicon be present a yellow to an orange red color will be produced. This test is to be regarded as a preliminary one ; for it may be due to the presence of a nitrate or nitrite.' The tyrotoxicon must be purified according to a method to be given further on before the absence df nitrate or nitrite can be positively demonstrated." The explosion of tyrotoxicon may be ol)tained, in evidence of its identity, by exposure of the platinochloride to a tempera- ture approaching 100° C, as in the discovery of this property by Prof. Vaughau. A sohition of the tyrotoxicon in absolute alco- hol is treated with a little platinum chloride, and heated in an open dish upon the water-bath, when, as the alcohol is nearly or quite all vaporized, the explosion results. The known diazo pla- tinum compound is (CgH5.Xo.Cl)oPtCl4, and in explosion is resolved into aCgllsCl + No -V'i^X^ ^^■ The aurochloride of tyrotoxicon is obtained, in precipitate or in golden plates, as follows : "In the liltrate from milk which is rich in tyrotoxicon, after neutralization with sodium carbonate, with phenols generally, the produced eolors containing; nitrogen liut not in the form of the nitro, and probably not in that of the nitroso group. All diazo compounds, also the diazo-amido compounds, share with the nj- troso compounds (Hofmann) and the nitrites (Ijiebermann) the power to give with sulphuric acid and phenol red to blue colors of ll;e utmost intensity (E. FisoHEK, 1875).— The color-products so obtained are azo-beiizeiioid bodies, well known as azo dyes, represented by the tropoeolines (this work, p. 186; 0. N. Witt, Jour. Ghein. Soc, 35, 179,. The azo compounds, it will be remembered, contain the group NN interposed between two benzenoid (or other carbona- ceous) groups. Thus, CCH4.N2 . SO3 (diazobenzene sulphonic acid)-|-C»H50H = CBH4.SO3H.N2.CeH4. OH (oxY-azo-benzene sulphonic acid). ' " The coloration with nitrates and nitrites is darker than with diazoben- zene." TYRO TOX ICON. 517 filtration and acidifying witli hydrochloric acid, gold chloride produces a precipitate which is insoluble in water, but 8olul)lo in not alcohol, from which it separates, on cooling, in golden plates." " The gold compound is decomposed by frequent treatment with hot alcdhol.'' The potassium compound of tyrotoxicon — believed to be po- tassium diazobenzenc, (jgll.- .N„. OK — was prepared as follows: " The aqueous residue [see e] was acidified with nitric acid, then treated with an equal volume of potassium hydrate and the whole concentrated on the water-bath. . . . On cooling the mass crystallized . . in six-sided plates, along with the prisms of po- tassium nitrate. The crystalline mass obtained from the tyro- to.xicon was treated with absolute alcohol, filtered, the filtrate evaporated on the water-bath, the residue dissolved in absolute alcohol, from which it was precipitated in a white, crystalline form with ether." The decompositions of tyrotoxicon are so far found by its discoverer to agi-eu with the well-known decompositions of diazo- benzenc salts. Warmed with water the latter break up into car- bolic acid and nitrogen, thus : CeH5.No.N03+ 11,0 =0,115.011 + N2 + HKO3. Warmed with alcohol, aldehyde and hydrocarbons result as fol- lows : Cellg . No . NO3 + C JleO = G,ll^ + N^ + CoPI^O + HNO3. With the acids of the haloi^ens changes occur as follows : O.jH, . i\.3 , NO3 + [ICl = CeHsCl + N. -f nN03. The reducing ag('nts in general cause immediate decomposition. Hydrogen sul])liide reacts promptly. e. — The following directions for the separation of tyrotoxicon from milk or cheese are taken from the last article of Dr. Vaughan : " Milk or other fluid to be tested for this poison should Ije kept in wcll-stcjjipered bottles ; for if the fluid be ex- 1)oscm1 to the air the tyrotoxic()n may decoinpose in a few hours. The filtrate from the milk, or the filtered aqueous ex- tract <jf cheese, should be neutralized with sodium carbonate, then shaken with half its volume of pure ether. Time shouk: be gi\'cn for the couqilete separation of the ether. . . . Aftei complete separation the ether should be removed with a pipetti and allowed to evaporate sjumtaiieously in an open dish. The residue from the ether may be dissolved in distilled water anc again extracted with ether ; but re|)cated extractions with ethei are to be avoided, for as the tyrotoxicon i)ecomes purified it be Si8 VALERIC ACIDS. comes less soluble in ether. To a droj) of an afjiieons solution of the ether residue apply the pi-elimiuarj'- test with sulphuric and carldilic acids. To the remainder of tlie aqueous solution of the ether residue add an equal vohime of a saturated solution of caustic potasli, aud evaporate the mixture on the water-bath. Tiie double liydrate of potassium and diazobenzene[C(jHg.No.OK] will he formed if tyrotoxicon be present.'' Tlie recognition of f)otassium diazobenzene is stated on page 517. f. — An e.^titnation of tyrotoxicon is indicated by the experi- ments of A^aughan, Ju converting the potassium conipound {(I), prepared as directed (c), into potassium sulphate for weiglit. The white, cryst;dlinc preci]jitate, by tlie ether, " was C(.)llected, washed with ether, thletl, and the per cent, of ])otasbiiim esti- mated as potassium sulphate." ' KoSO^ : SCyll^X.OK : :^( 'glI,X,-,]Sr03:: 174 : 320 : 33i. ULTIMATE ANALYSIS of Caebon ('oviroLXi.s See p. 201. VALERIC ACIDS. CJ-JigOg = 1()2 (monobasic). Pri- mary Pentoic Acids. — Four pentoic acids are theoretically p)os- sible, as oxidation proihicts of the four prinuiry pentoic alcohols, and are all known, as follows : (1) Normal valeric acid, CHg. CIL,, CHo. Clla.C'OJI. Made from normal butyl cyanide, etc. (2) Isovaleric acid. Inactive valeric acid. (f'll.;).,* TI.CTIg. COoH. Isobutyl-carboxyl. CUiiet valeric acid of vale- rian oil. Obtained by oxidation of the chief alcohol of fusel oil. (3) Methyl-ethyl acetic acid. Active (dextn.i-rotatory) valeric acid. 'CH3.CoH,-,.CH.C<).3H. In small proi>ortion in vail') ian oil, according to s(jme obser\ers. Obtained h\ oxidation of the lessei' pieutyl alcohol (!•!,<) of fusel oil. (4) Methybpropyl acetic acid, CIL/Jgllg. CO.,!!. Made from methyl-propybcarbinol. Oedinaey Yalekic Acid. Isovaleeic Acid Inactive Valeric Acid. Tlie second of tlie pentoic acids above named. Baldriansiiure. — A constituent of " valerian i-oot,'' the rhizome and rootlets of Yaleriaiia officinalis, and a part of the volatile oil of valerian. Peported as found in digitalis, Artimisia Absin- ' Per cent, of polassiuni calciiUUcil, 2J.42; found, 23.92. ORDIN. IRY I 'A LEIUC A CID. 5 1 9 thiniii, Antheiiiis iiohilis, Saiiilmcu.s iiii;i-;i, \'ilmrinuii opuliis, and other plants. JMaiiiil'acturcd by oxiiialion (distillation fnini dichi'oniate and sulplmric acid) of isoaniyl alcoliol (isohiityl car- binol), tlie principal alcoliol of fused oil. \ aleric aci<i is recngiilEcd hy its oddi' and the odor of aniyl valei'ate (/<), its soluliilities (r\ il), and pliysical jjropcrtics (/«). It is .^rpi(riit((I \iy distillation (ir by shakini;' (Hit with ether {e). It may be estimated voliunetrically {/). I'ests of purity {(j). <(. — Isovaleric acid, absolute, is a colorless nil, of specific ji'ravity O.'.C'.T at 15° C; O.'J.'Jl to O.IK!:] at :^()'M'. (water at same) (L.VMioLT, ly(i;i). It boils at ] 7."i° C. (Fkaskland and Ulpi-a, ISCm). It forms a hydrate, C'-JI-^qO^,. Il._,(), of hp. ,i;-r. O.'JOO, boih ing at 1(1.")° C., and gradually deliyilrateii by distillation. The metallic valerates are easily fusible salts, congealini;' with an opa([iie white surface, and crystallizing by careful concentra- tion (if solutions. h. — Isovaleric acid has an acidulous, burning taste, and a bit- ing effect on the tongue. The odor is eliara(/teristic, unpleasant, reminding of rancid cheese. The metallic valerates are nearly odorless, and of a sweetish, sharp taste. Ethyl and ainyl vale- rates lia\e fragrant, liea\'y fruity odors. Amyl valerate is used to present an odor of apples. c. — Isovaleric acid is solulile in about 30 parts of water at ordinary temperatures, tlie hj'drate S(jnicwliat more soluble. i!y saturati(_iii of the soluti(.iii with calcium (U- sodium chloride the valeric acid is almost wholly thrown out of solution. It is solu- ble in all proportions of alcohol, ether, cldorofoi'ni, or glacial acetic acid. The viiJerates of the alkali metals are deliquescent and freely soluble in water and in alcohol; of the alkaline-earth metals, moderately soluble in water and inaciiieous alcohol. Aluminium valerate is not s(.)liib]e in water; basic ferric valerate, insolu- ble; zinc valerate, in '.to parts of water (U' (>() parts of S()r; alco- hol; bismuth valerate (1»asic), insoluble in water; leai.l valerate, (normal) soluble in M'atei', (basic) sparingly soluble; mercuric valerate, soluble; mercurous valerate, slightly soluble; cupric valerate, moderately soluble; silver valerate, slightly solulile, in water. — To test-i)apers free valeric acid has the acid reaction; the alkali valerates, neutral reaction. (I, — Is(n'aleric acid is chai'acterized liy its odor as a free acid, and by the odor of its amyl ester. This is formed by distilling -with a little ordinary amyl alcohol and twice its (piantitj of 520 VALERIC ACIDS. sulphuric acid. Precipitates are obtained, with alkah valerates. on adding aluminium sulphate or silver nitrate, not by addition of lead normal acetate. Cupric acetate, with concentrated free valeric acid, yields oily droplets of anhydrous valerate of cop- per, which, on standing, ci-ystallize as hydrate (distinction frorti butyrate, which in solution not very dilute i:ives an immediate precipitate of butyrate of copper). e. — Separation. — Isovaleric acid is separated from non-vola- tile matters, and obtained from. its salts, by distillation, adding diluted sulphmic acid if necessary to liberate it. From other volatile acids fractional saturation and distillation may be em- ployed, having regard to boiling points. — Separation from aqueous solutions is effected by ether more readily than by distillation. The aqueous solution, in which the valeric acid is liberated, if need be, by adding potassium bisulphate, is saturated with sodium sulphate and shaken out with portions of ether. f. — Quantituti've. — The valeric acids may be estimated volu- metricall}' with standard solutions of alkali, using eithe*' litmus- papers or phenol-phthalein as the indicator of saturation. Each c.c. of normal solution of alkali indicates O.lOii gram of real valeric acid ; each c.c. decinormal solution, 0.0102 gram. And if 5.1 grams of material be taken, c.c. of .N alkali X 2 ^ per cent, of acid ; if 1.02 grams be taken, c.c. of -^^ = per cent. g. — Tests of Purity. — '' Purified by distillation, valeric acid is a colorless liquid, oleaginous, of a peculiar disagreeable odor. It dissolves in 30 jjarts of water at 20° C, and in all proportions of alcohol or ether. Its specific gravity at 0° C. is about 0.955. It boils at 175° C."(Ph. Fran.) — "A specific gravity above 0.950, and solubility in less than 25 parts of water, indicates pre- sence of water, acetic or butyric acid, amyl alcohol or aldehyde. The last two are known by their insolubility in ammonia-water. If half of a mixture of equal parts of butyric and valeric acids be neutralized with alkali, and the whole distilled together, the butyric acid goes over, and will be found soluble in not above 10 parts of water " (Fltickiger's " Phar. Chera.") VAPOR TENSION, Deteeminatiom oe. See p 237. VINEGAR. See Acetic Acid, p. 14-. INDEX. Abies Canadensis, tannin of 481 Absinthin 7 Absinthin, in plant analysis 435 Acetate of lime 11 xVcetate of sodium 11 Acetic acid 7 Acid Azo-rubin 184 Acid Jlageuta 184 Acid Naphthol Yellow 185 Acids, organic, in plant analy- sis 415,419, 424 Acid tartrate of potassium 496 Aconelline 387 Aconine 18 Aconite assay ' 27 Aconite roots 19 J con itic acid 30 Aconitic acid from citric 80 Aconite alkaloids 17 Aconitine 17 Aconitine poisoning, analysis for. 28 Aconitine, saponification of. .. . 171 Aconitines of commerce 30 Aconitum, aconitic acid in 30 Aconitum, species of 19 ^sculin 31 Air-pump for combustions 222 Albumens, in plant analysis .. 416, 420, 425 Alcoholic beverages, analysis of, for strychnine 460 Alcohols in fusel oil ZV) Alder tannin , . . 481 Ale, analysis of, for strychnine. . 460 Alizarin 189, 197 Alkali blue 187 Alktihdd«, color-tests of 50 Alkaloids, in general :)3 Alkaloids, in plant analysis. .418, 424 Alkaloids, reagents for 42 Alkaloids, separation of 83 Alkanet 194 Alkanna- violet 194 AUoxantin 80 Alnus glutinosa, tannin of 481 Aloes dye 188 Aloes, tests for. 56 Aloes, varieties 54 Atoins 54 Amalic acid 80 Amethyst 188 Amido-azo-benzol 185 Amido-succinaniic acid 58 Amido-succinic acid 58 Amphicreatinine 428 Amygdalic acid 57 ,1 mygdalin 56 Amygdalin in color-tests with sul- phuric acid 50 Amyl alcohols 315 Analysis, inorganic and organic. 393 Analytical chemistry of carbon compounds 391 Andromeda Leschenaultii, oil of. 433 Aniline blue 187, 197 Aniline brown 197 Aniline dyes with immiscible sol- vents 195 Aniline dyes in inks 482 Aniline green 194 Andine orange 197 Aniline reds 189, 191, 197 Aniline violet 197 Aniline yellow 197 Anisol-red 184 Annatto 193 Anthemis nobilis 519 Anthracene oil, a fraction from coal-tar 895 Aniipi/rine 168 52" 522 INDEX. Apo-alkaloids of the Aconites. . . 19 Apo-dioinchonine 91 Apo-diquinidine, 91 Apomorphine 390 Apomorphine in color-tests with sulphuric acid 50 Apomorphine in color-tests with Froehde's reagent 51 Arhutin 57 Archil 193 Argols 496 Ariciue 93 Arsenic, qualitative analysis for. . 300 Artemisia absinthium 7, 518 Ash, estimation of 410 Asphalt, a fraction from coal-tar. SO.") As2}arogin 58 Aspartio acid 58 Atropine :j44 Atropine, saponification of 171 Atropine, tests of purity of 357 Auramin 185 Auric chloride with alkaloids. ... 49 Azo color compounds 186 Azo compounds from Lieber- mann's test 510 Azotometer, SchifE's 321 Baking-powders 500 Baldriansiiure 518 Balsams containing cinnamic acid 69, 71 Barbaloin 54 Bebirine 58 Beer, amdysis of, for salicylic acid 440 Beer, analysis of, for strychnine. 460 Beeswax, melting and congealing points 371 Belladonna, alkaloids of 340 Belladonna assay 351 Belladonna extract, assay of 353 Belladonna plasters, assay of . . . . 3."i3 Belladonna root or leaves, assay of 351 Bengal-red 183 Benzene, certain derivatives of. . 434 Benzoates 63 BenzoSsiiure 59 Benzoir acid 59 Benzoic acid, tests of purity of. . . 66 Benzoin 59 Benzoyl-ecgonine 170, 173 Benzyl fluorescein 183 Berberine 71 Betaine 438 Biberine 58 Bichromate, for combustions. . . . 310 Biebrich scarlet 184 Bisn}arek brown ]S(i Bitaiiratc of potassium 490 Bitter-almond oil, relation to ben- zoic acid 60, 63 Blue coloring matters 187 Blue inks 483 Bohea 5! 4 Bone fat, sp. gr. and melting of . . 374 Bordeaux blue 184 Borosalicylic acid 438 Boheatannic acid 481 Boheic acid 481 Brazil-wood color 193 Brazil-wood in inks 483 Bromine, estimation of 330 Bromine, qualitative analysis for. 300 Bromine reactions with alkaloids 47 Brucine 463 Brueine in color-tests with sul- phuric acid 50 Brucine in color-tests with l"'roehde's reagent 51 Brucine in color-tests with ni- tric acid 53 Brucine separation from strych- nine 458 Butter 393 Butter-analysis, competence of. . . 310 Butter-analysis, interpretation of 300 Butter, artificial colors of 295 Butter, estimation of rancidity of 395 Butter-fat 298 Butter-fat, metliods of analysis of 300 Butter, microscopic analysis of. . . 397 Butter, odor- test of 298 INDEX. 523 Bultfi-, salicylic acid in 441 Butter-suinis, viscosity of 21)7 Butter substitutes 300 B^itijrk iicid 75 Buxine "18 ("aeau butler, melting of 2()9, 273 Cadaveric alkaloids 42t) Cadaverinc 427 CnJJ, ine 77 CaSi'ine from theobromine 514 Caffetannic acid 4sO Caffelannin 480 Calcium tartrate 498 Camphors, iu plant analysis 418 Canned fruits, analysis of, for salicylic acid 440 Cantharides, assay of 84 Caiitliarkhii 83 Caprio acid 21.") Ca[iiuic acid 245 Caprylie acid 245 Capsicum, m plant analysis 425 Carbolates 398, 401 Gai!ii>lic acid 39(i Carbolic acid, as._ay of 404 Carijolic oil, as a fraction from coal-tar 395 Carbolsiiure 390 Carbon and Hydrogen esliina- lion 208, 219 Carbon, qualitative analysis for. . 19.S Carius's method for halogens or sulphur 230 Caryophyllin, in plant analysis.. 425 (J.iscarilline, i-n plant analy.sis. . . . 425 (M:4nr oil 289 Ca^ior oil, melting of fat acids of 2U9 ('astoroil, tests of purity of 290 (.'atecliin 479 Catechutannic acid 479 Catechidannin 479 Clelandine, cotistiluent of 84 Cell formation not a direct result of chemism 391 Cellulose, in plant analysis, 417, 431, 430 Cev.adino, saponification of 171 ( 'liairamidine 93 Cliairainiiie 93 Chi'ese pofson 514 Clieese poison, as a ptomaine. . . . 429 ( 'lididoniiii' 84 t'jjestnut-red i^'i ( 'hcslniit tannin 483 Chinidine 154 Chiniii 135 Clnnoidine 94 (Jli inoline 105 Chinoplitalon 185 Chitenine 138 CIdoride of calcium, for analysis. 305 Chloride of calcium lubes 300 V/doriitr, es/iinalio7b of 330 Chlorine, qualitative analysis, for 300 Chlompliyll, in plant analy^is, 418, 424 t.'hiiciilate nut 513 Choline 427 Chromate in inlis 483 Chromate of lead, for conibus- tion.s 203, 210 Chrysammic acid 50, 18^^, 97 Chrysoidin 180 Cider, analysi.^ of, for salicylic acid 440 Cinchaniidine 93 ( 'iiirlionit Allcaloids 90 Cinchona alkaloids, constitution of 97 (.'inclicina alkaloids, yield of 90 Cinchona as.say 102 Cinchona barks, alkaloidal strengths of 90 Cinchona l)arks, assay of 103 Cinchonamine 92 Ciiiclionicine 91 < '•lu'/ioaif/ihc 157 Cinchonidine salts 158 Cinchonidine, tests of purity of. 159 / 'iiK'/KHiiiit' 1(1) < Mnclionine salts 102 524 INDEX. Cinchonine, tests for purity of. . . 164 Cinchotannic acid 479 Cinchotannin 479 Ciuchotine 93 C'innamates 69, 70 CinRamein 71 Cinnamene 71 Cinnamic acid 69 Cinnamic aldehyde 69 Cinnamon oil, relation of 69 Citracohic anhydride 31 Citrates 86 Cl/nc acid 85 Citric acid, tests of purity o£. . . . 89 Citronenssiure 85 Citronin 186 Coal-tar dislillation, fractions from 395 Coca A Ikaloids 170 Cocaicine 173 Cocaine 170, 174 Cocaine hydrochloride. .174, 175, 180 Cocaine salts 174, 175 Cocaine, tests for purity of 180 Cocainoidine 170, 172 Coca leaves, assay of 178 Cocliineal 193 Cochineal violet 194 Cocoa nibs 513 Cocoanut oil, melting of 269, 274 Cocoa i^hells 513 Codamine 359 Codeine 388 CofEee, assay of 81 Coffee, tannin of 480 Collcin 77 Cola nut, assay of 81 Cola nut, theobromine in 513 Colchicine in color-test vrith sul- phuric acid 50 Colchicine in color-test with Proehde's reagent 51 Colchicine, in plant analysis 425 Colocynthin in color-tests with Froehde's reagent 51 Colocynthin, in plant analysis. . . 425 Colombin in color-tests with sul- phuric acid 50' Coloring Materials 181 Coloring matters of butter 295 Color-reactions of the alkaloids. . 50 Colors, in plant analysis 419 Combustion-furnaces 208, 216 Combustions, analytical 201 Combustion tubing 206 Conchairamidine 93 Conchairamine 92 Conchinine 154 Coucusconidine 93 Concuseonine 93 Congo-red 184 Conine in color-test with sulphu- ric acid 50 Conquinamine 93 Convallaraerin, in plant analysis. . 425 Copper, for combustions 204 Copper oxide, for organic combus- tions 203 Coptis, per cent, of berberine in . . 73 Copying inks 483 Corallin 196, 197 Corallin red 191 Corulein 186, 196 Cotarnine 360, 888 Cottonseed oil 287 Co/tun-seed stearin 289 Cranberries, constituent of 85 Cream of Tartar 496 Creosote, compared with carbolic acid 394, 401 Creosote oil, of coal-tar distilla- tions 395 Cresols 394 Cresol-sulphonic acids 406 Cresotic acids 434, 443 Cresylic acid 394 Crocein scarlet 184 Cruscocreatinine 428 Cryptopine 360, 362 Gryptopine in color- test with sul- phuric acid 50 Crysolin 185 INDEX. 525 Cubebin in color-tests with sulphu- ric acid 50 Cubebin, in plant analysis 425 Cuprea barlis, constituents of 93 Ciipreine 92 Cupreiue, test for 153 Cunirine in color-test with sulphu- ric acid 50, C2 Cui'arine interference with strych- nine test 454 Curcumin dye 185 Cuscouine 93 Dalican's method for fats , 353 Daphniii, in plant analysis 435 Daturine 340, 341, ;i44 Dead oils of coal-tar distillations. . 395 Deduction of chemical formulcB. .. 337 Delphinine, in plant analysis 435 Dextnnes, in plant analysis . . 420, 435 DexU'otartaric acid 485 Diazobenzeiie compounds 515 Diazo color compounds 184 Dichonehonine 91 Dicinohonicine 91, 95 Dioonchiiiine 91 Digallic acid 474 Digitalein, in plant analysis 425 Dihydroxyl-qiiiniiie 138 Dimethyl-amido-azo benzol 185 Dimethyloxyquinizine lOi! Dmiethylprotooateohuic acid 18 Dimethyl xanthine 213 Diphenyl amine yellow 180 Diquinicine 91, 95 Dragendorff's plan for plant analysis 423 Dragendorff's process for alka- loids 33 Drying oils 281 Duboisia, alkaloids of 840 Duboisine 340 Ecgonine..... 170, 173 Eisessig 8 Elaidic acid 247 Elaidin test 281 Elateiln in color-tests with Froehde's reagent 51 Elaterin in color tests with sul- phuric acid 50 Elaterin, in plant analysis 435 ElemeiUary analysis 198 Elementary analysis, inorganic and organic o93 Elementary organic analysis, quantitative 201 Eosins 183 Eusin scarlet 183 Ericdlin, in plant analysis 425 Brlenmeyer's furnace 308 Erythroxylon Coca 170 Essigsiiure 7 Essigsiluren Kalk 11 Ethyl-orange 186 Extraction apparatus 409 Extraction-apparatuses for liquids (illustrated) 38 Extract of belladonna, assay of. . . 353 Extract of nux-vomica, assay of.. 457 Fat acids, percentages of, insol- uble 256 Fat acids, quantitative determina- tions of 350 Far oils, specific gravity of 262 Fats and Oils 238 Fatty acid series 239, 245, 346 Filter of Gooch 409 Flavanilin 185 Plei.scher's estimation of tartaric acid 495 Formic acid 313 Formulas, deduction of 337 Froehde's reagent for alkaloids. .. 51 Fruits, percentage ciT citric acid in 85 Fusel oil 314 Fustic color 193 Pu.stio tannin 47!) Gadinine 43? 526 INDEX. Gallein 183 QalUc acid 330 Gallic anhydride 474 Gallo-L-yanin 188 Lrallotaniiin 474 Ga.^uous bodies, organic combus- tions ol 216 GauUhnria, oil of 43o Geisler's report on teas 505 Gelseminine in color-test with sul- phuric acid 50 Gelseminine iu color-test with ni- tric acid 52, 454 Gelsemine, in plant analysis 425 Gerbsauren 4G5 Gerland's method for estimating tannins 471 Garrard's test for atropine 348 Glacial acetic acid 8, 14 Glaser's combustion furnace 310 Gluco:3e, in plant analysis. . .415, 419, 435 Glucosides, in plant analysis.. 413, 4iy, 424 Glucoside-tannins 406 Glycerides, as a chemical class. . . 333 Crlyceriii 333 Glycerin, tests of purity of 338 Gnoscopine 360 Gnoscopine in color-test with sul- phuric acid 50 Gold chloride with alkaloids 49 Gooch's filter 409 Gratiolin, in plant analysis 435 Green. Coloring 3Iatters 180, 103 Green oil or anthracine oil 3ii5 Guarana, assay of 81 Guaranine 77 Gums, in plant analysis 416, 430 Hager's method for estimating tannins 473 Halogens, estimation of 336 Hammer's method for estimating tannins 473 Hard pitch 895 Hectograpbio ink 483 Hehuer's method for fats 230 Ilehner's number, interpretation of 301 Helleborin, in plant analysis 435 Heiiicpio acid 363 Hemlock bark, tannin of 481 Hempseed oil, drying test of 283 IlelvcUa green 187 Heraf )athite 131 Hesse's lest for quinine sulphate.. 151 Hippuric acid in urine 63 Hippuric acid, source of benzoic. 60 llotmann's violet 188 Ilnlzessigsauren Kalk 11 IIoDiatrupine 343 lioinocinchonidine 93 Iloiuoqiiinine 93 Jloi) bitter, in plant analysis. .. 435 Hop-tannin 481 Hiibl's method with fats ... . 358 Humus, in plant analysis 417, 430 l-Iydrasiine 339 " Hydrastine," yellow alkaloid. . . 73 Hydrastis, assay of 74 Hydrastis, constituent of 73 Hydrocinchonidine 91 Hydrocinchonine 93 Hydroconquinine 93 Ilydrocotarnine 360, 363 Hydrocyanic acid, from amygda- lin 57 Hydrogen, estimation of 308 Hydrogen, qualitative analysis foi 198 Hydroquinidine 91 Hydroquinine 91 Hydroxy-benzoic acids 433, 443 Hy droxy-xylenic acids 443 Eygrine 170, 173 Ilgoscine 343 Hyoscyamine 343 Hyoscyamus, alkaloids of 340 Hyoscyamus assay 853 Hyoscyamus leaves and seeds, assay of 353 INDEX. 527 Ilypogaic iicid 246, •ii\) li^asuriiie 440 :j:3 Immiscible solvents liuK'live valeric acid 518 Indelible inks 4H:f 483 193 Indii;o-blue 188 188 483 484 liik!<. Ink-stains, discharge of Inorganic analysis, relations to organic 393 Inorganic substances, in organic anal vsis 300 Inulin, in plant analysis 425 Iodine and methy! green 187 Jodiiu\ esiimalion of 230 Iodine numbers of fats 258 Iodine, qualitative analysis for.. 200 Iodine reacliojis with alkaloids.. 42 187 Iron-bUiing tannins 400 400 Isobutyl-carboxyl 518 Isobutvric acid (foot-note) 75 Isovnl crates (isovalerianates). . .. 519 I«)i-alrric (isovalerianic) acid. .. 518 Itaconic acid 31 Japaconine 18 Japaconitine 18 JauneN 186 Jervine in color-test with sulphu- ric acid 50 Johnson and Jenkins's method . . . 320 Katrines 167 Kerner's test for quinine, 139, 144, 140 KJeldahl's method for nitrogen . . . 334 KofEein '^7 Kottstorfer's method for fats 254 Kottstorfer's number, interpreta- tionof 304 Laulliopine 360, 362 Lard 390 Lard oil 393 Lard, tests of purity of 291 Laudanino 300, 302 Laudaiiosino 300, 303 Laudanum assay 385 Laurie acid 245 Laut's violet 188 Lead chromate, for organic analy- sis 303 Lees 111' tartar 490 Lemon-juice, assay of 89 Leucoline 105 Leuconidiiiea 428 Leukindophenol 18'":^ Lichen-red 192 Liebig's test for quinine 151 Light oil, of coal-tar distillations.. 395 Lignose, in plant analysis. . .418, 420. 420 Lime-juice 85, 89 Linuhic acid 249 Lii.o.xyn 249 Lin-seed oil 284 Linseed oil, tests of purity of 284 Liquids, organic combustions of.. 313 Liver, excretion of aconite alka- loids in 29 Liver, excretion of morphine in. . 373 Liver, excretion of strychnine in. . 450 Lobeline, in plant analysis 435 Loganin 447 Logwood blue 192 Logwood in inks 483 Lowenthal's method of estimating tannins 468 Luteolin 186 Mace oil, melting of 269, 373, 274 Jladder colors 189 Madder-red Iil3 Madder-violet 194 Mag(la,la-rcd 182 Magenta 1^3 IMalnchite green 1^i7 Ilalir acid 333 528 INDEX. Manchester brown Margario acid Martin's yellow Mate, assay of Mau vein ....'. Mayer's solution Mean molecular weight of fat acids J-leconic acid Meconic acid, as analytical proof of opium Meconiditie Meconidine in color-test with sul- phuric acid Meconin Me!->rs m^etliod for fats Melting and congealing points of fats Menyanthin, in plant analysis. .. Metacresol .MetaLungstic acid with alkaloids Metaxylenols 31l'L1i ylene blue Melhyl-orange ILjlhjl-theobromine Microscopical characteristics of alkaloids Microscopical distinctions of cin- chona alkaloids Microsublimation of alkaloids. . .. Middle oil, in coal-tar distillation Midriatic alkaloids Milk, examination of, for salicylic acid Mineral oils, separaf ion from gly- cerides ,. Molecules as final products of chemism Morintannic acid Morintannin MorjiJiine Morphine in color-test with sul- phuric acid Morphine in color-test with Proehde's reagent Morphine, salts of 364, 186 244 185 81 188 43 261 337 370 360 50 362 253 265 ■125 394 48 394 187 ISO 101 53 395 3;;9 440 391 479 479 362 50 51 365 Morpliine, tests of purity of 386 Morus tinctoria 479 Murexid 80 Murexoin 80 Murexoin test for theobromine... 513 Jliiscarine 427 Mygdaleiu 437 Myristic acid 245 Mytilotoxine 428 Nareeine 359, 362 Xarceine in color-test with sul- pliuric acid 50 Nareeine in color-test with nitric acid 52 Xarcotine 387 Narcotine in color-test with sul- phuric acid 50 Narcotine in color-test with nitric acid 52 Neuridine 427 Neurine 4i7, 428 Nitrogen and carbon, relative de- termination 233 Xitrogen estitnaiion 220, 221), 230, 233, 234 Xitrogen, total, in plant analysis . 411 Nitriisalieylic acids 438 Xutguils in inks 482 Niitgalls, treated for preparation of tannic acid 477 Xutgall-tannni 474 Nutmeg oil, melting ol 269, 372 Nux-vomica, alkaloids 447 Niix- vomica, assay of 456 Oak-bark tannin 478 Oils and fats 23^ Oil of birch 433 Oils, fixed 238 Oils, fixed, in plant analysis. ..418 424 Oils, volatile, in plant analysis. . .412, 423 Olive oil, tests of purity of 385 Opianio acid 362, 388 Opium alkaloids 358 Opium assay 374 IXDEX. 529 Orcein 193 Organic analysis, divisions of . . . . 391 Organic matter 391 Orseille 193 Oxalate oi calcium, in plant analy- sis 436 Oxygen, direct estimation of . ... 334 Oxymorphine 3.")'J Naphthalene-Carmine 1S3 Naphthalene, source of benzoic acid 60 Naphthalene- Yellow 185 Nataloiii 54 Nitric acid reactions with alka- loids 51 Nitrogen, qualitative analysis lor.. 199 Oleic acid 246 Olein 24(i Oleomargarin 2!»3 Olire-lcenie! oil 287 Oliveoil 285 Opium alkaloids 35b Opium, assay of 374 Orange II 186 Orange G 180 Oranges, constituent of 85 Otto's process for alkaloids 33 Oxaiic acid, separation from fruit juici-'S 336 Oxygen gas, for organic combus- tions 203 Oxylinoleic acid 249 Palmitic acid 244 Palm oil, melting and congealing of 369, 274 Papaverine 359, 363 Papaverine in color-test with sul- phuric acid 50 Papaver soraniferum 358 Paraoresol 'j94 Paraffin, melting and congealing.. 373 Paraffins, separation from glyce- rides 274 Paratartaric acid 133 Paraxylenol 394 Paricine 93 Ptirso ns' 6 plan for plant analysis.. 408 Pathological tannins 467 Paulinia, constituent ot 77 Paytainine 93 Paytine 93 Peanut oil, melting of 269, 374 Pectous substances, in plant analy- sis 410, 420, 431, 425 Pe'coe .:04 Pelosin 58 Pentoic acids 518 Ferkiu's method for fats 355 PerUin's violet 188 Persian berries 193 Phenol 393 Phenols 394 Pheiiolsulpliurio acid and its salts 405 Phenyl-acrylic acid 69 Phenylene brown 186 Phenylsulphuric acid (foot-note). . 406 Phenylsulphuric acid in the urine 402 Phlobaphene, in plant analysis. . . 424 Phloridzin in color-tests with sul- phuric acid 50 Phloxin 183 Phosphine 185 Phosphomolybdates 46 Phosphorus, qualitative analysis for 199 Physalin, in plant analysis 425 Physetoleic acid 346, 350 Physiological tannins 467 Physostigmine in color-test with sulphuric acid 50 Physostigmine in color-test with nil riu acid 53 Physostigmine, in plant analysis. . 435 Phytochemioal analysis 107 Pieraconitine 18 Picric arid 398 Picric acid icifli. alkaloids 48 Picric acid, in scheme of color an- alysis 1 85 Piorotoxin, in plant analysis 135 S30 INDEX. Pilocarpine, in plant analysis. ... 4-5 Pineapple essence 75, 76 Pipeline, in plant analysis . . .... 425 Piperine, saponification of 171 Pitch, a residue of coal-tar distil- lation 395 Piltiri.ne 341 Plant analysis 407 Plasters of belladonna, analysis of 353 J'lulinic chloride with alkaloids. . 49 Poisoning by alkaloids, analyses for 33 Poisoning by atropine, analysis for 354 Poisoning by carbolic acid, analy- sis for 402 Poisoning by morphine, analysis for ". .. 370 Poisoning by strychnine, analysis for 458, 449 Poisons, ptomaines in analysis for, 427, 429 Ponceau R 184 Poppy oil, drying of 282 Populin in color-tests with sulphu- ric acid 50 Populin, in plant analysis 425 Potash-bulbs 207 Potash solution, for elementniy analysis 205 Potassium bismuth iodide 47 Potassium cadmium iodide 47 Potassium diazobenzene 517 Pota.isium mercuric iodide 43 Printer's ink 483 Protocatechuic acid formed from tannins 466 Protopine 360, 362 Proximate analysis, inorganic and organic 392 Prussian blue 192 Pseudaconine 18 Pseudaconitine 18 Pseudomorphine 359, 362 Pseudoxanthine 428 Ptomaines 426 Puree 186 Purpurin 190 Purpurogallin 481 Putrescine 437 Pyridine type of alkaloids. .340, 97, 171 Pyrogallic acid 430 Pyrogallol 430 Pyrogallol formed from tannins. . 406 Pyrogallol-phthalein 183 Pyrolignate of lime 11 Quassin, in plant analysis 425 Quercitannio acid 478 Quercitrin 193 Quinamicine 92 Quinamidine 92 Quinamine 93 Quinicine 9 L Quinidamine 93 Qninidine 1 54 Quiiiidine salts 155 Quinidine, tests of purity of 156 Quinine 135, 148 Quinine, assay of 139 Quinine bisulphate 127, 139, 149 Quinine hydrates 136, 128, 148 Quinine hydrobromide... 127, 139, 147 Quinine hydrochloride... 127, 139, 117 Quinine oxalate 137, 139 Quinine Pills, assay of 134 Quinine sulphate 136, 139, 139 Quinine tannate 139 Quinine tartrate 137, 139 Quinine, tests of purity of 134 Quinine valerianate 137, 139, 147 Quinoidine , 94 QiUnoline 165 Quinoline-red 183 Quinoline salts 166 Quinoline type in structure of al- kaloids 97 Quinoline yellow 185 Racemic acid 432 Rancidity of butters 395 Rape oil, melting of fat acids of. . 269 Reagents for alkaloids 43 Red coloring matters. . . .183, 188, 193 Red inks 483 INDEX. 531 Reil oil or anthracene oil liegiiia purple KoR'hort's lustliod I'or fats Reioliort's number, iiiterpretalinu of Keniijiii barks, constituents of. .. Hes/'ii oils Resins, in plant analysis . . . .418, Jictiim, separation fromghjceridis Rhodidine Rhoeadine Rhoeagenine. Ricinoleic acid Roccellin Rochleder's method of plant an- alysis Rosaniline blue Rosaniline salts Rosin oils Rosin, separation from sorips. . .. Rotatory pi)ici;r of cinchona alka- loids Ruffle's method for nitrogen .... Sabadilline in color-test with sul- phuric acid Saliadilline in color-test with nitric acid Sabadilline, in plant analysis. . .. Sali^ilrine, in plant analysis Sufflower Salliower-red .Sallranin class of colors Satf ranisol Saffron-carmine Salicin in color-tests with sulphu- ric acid Salicin in color-tests with Froehde's reagent Salicin, in plant analysis Salirylates Salic ijlic acid Salicylic acid, tests of purity of.. Salicyl-sulphonic acid Salicyluric acid Sandal 189, 395 188 25:i 303 !»-' 380 424 '274 ]8;! 300 ;!iJO 248 184 407 I.ST is;! 2S0 3r4 121 233 50 425 425 189 191 is:_i is:! 193 50 51 425 4:;7 433 412 439 445 191 Santonin, in plant analysis Saiionilicatioii coefficients Saponin, in plant analysis Siiprinc Sarsaparillin in coliii--l,('sls with sulphuric acid Schilf 's azotoineter Senegin in color-test with suljilm- ric acid Senegin, in plant analysis Separators, tor all<aloidal sulu- tions [ill nslrati'd) Sesame oil, mollihg of 2G9, " Sliaking out" of alUaloidal solu- tions Simpson's method fur combustions Sinking point Smiiacin in color-test with sulphu- ric acid Socaloin Soda-lime, for organic analysi.<.. .. Soda-lime process for nitrogen. .. Soft piteli Solanaceoe. alkaloids of Snlauidin, in plant analysis Solanine in color-test with sul- phuric acid Solanine, in plant analysis Souchong Sparteine, in plant analysis Specific gravity of fats Specilic-gravity tests for butters.. Stains of ink, discharge of Stareh, in plant analysis. .417, 420, Starch isomers, in plant analysis.. Slas's process for alkaloids Stearic acid Stearic and palmitic acid, melting points of 207, Stearin 240, Sterculia acuminata Stora.x, constituents of Strammonium, alkaloids of Slrycli nine Strvchnine salts 425 257 425 427 50 221 50 425 35 274 33 227 205 50 54 204 230 395 3:!l» 434 50 425 504 425 261 305 484 436 421 33 240 243 513 71 3-10 447 4H 552 INDEX. Strychnine separation from bru-, cine 458 Strychnos alkaloids 446 Styracin 71 Sublimin": Cell for alkaloids 53 Sucrose, in plant analysis. . .415, 419, 425 Sugar?, in plant analysis.. 415, 419, 425 Sulphocarbolates 405 Sulphophenates 406 Suliihur. estimatioH of 236 Sulphuric fir.id reactions with al- kaloids 50, 52 Sulphuric-acid reactions with glu- cosides 50 Sulphur, qualitative analysis for. . 199 Sumach tannin 477 Sunflower-seed oil, melting of fat acids of 369 Syringin in color-test with sul- phnric acid 50 Syringin, in plant analysis 425 Tallow oil 293 Tannic acid 474 Tannic acid reactions with alka- loids 48 Tannic acids (Tannins) 465 Tannic acids in color-tests with sulphuric acid. .. . 50 Tannins materials 466 Tannin of hemlock bark 481 Tannin of hops 481 Tannin of tea 480, 504, 506, 510 Tannins 465 Tannins, estimation of 468 Tannins, in plant analysis 415, 424 Tar oils, estimation in crude car- bolic acid 403 Tartaric acid 485 Tartaric-acid estimation 489 Tartaric acid, inactive 433 Tartaric acid separation from fruit Juices 336 Tartars 496 Tartrate of calcium 498 Tartrates 486 Taxine, in plant analysis 435 Tea, assay of 81 Tea infusions 509 Teas, black and green 504 Teas of commerce 504 Tea, tannin of 480, 504 6 Thalleioquin 130 Thalline 163 Thea plant 504 Thehaine 358, 363 Thebaine in color-test with sul- phuric acid 50 Thebaicine 359 Thebenine 359 Theiiie 77 Theobroma cacao 513 Theobromine 513 Thiosulphate method for nitrogen 333 Toluene, source of benzoic acid. . 60 Toluylene-red 183 Toxicology of aconite alkaloids.. 38, 34 Toxicology of alkaloids in general 33, 43 Toxicology of atropine 354, 345 Toxicology of belladonna 340, 354 Toxicology of carbolic acid 403 Toxicology of "cheese poison". . . 514 Toxicology of fusel oil 318, 316 Toxicology of morphine 370 Toxicology of ptomaines 437, 429 Toxicology of strychnine 458, 449 Trimethylamine, in plant analysis 425 Trimethylaraine, with ptomaines.. 437 Tropeines 339 Tropic acid 339, 349 Tropines 339, 349 Tropoeolin 0 186 Tropoeoline-yellow 186 Turkey-red oil 287 Tnrmeric 193 Ti/rotoxicon 514 Ultimate analysis, inorganic and organic 393 Ultimate organic analysis 301 INDEX. 533 Uric acid, test of 80 Urine, analysis of, foi- aoonitine 28, 29 Urine, analysis of, for atropine .. . 355 Urine, analysis of, for carbolic acid 403 Urine, analysis of, for strychnine 460 Urine, excretion of aconitine in. . 29 Urine, excretion of atropine in . . * 346 Urine, excretion of benzoic acid. . 62 Urine, excretion of carbolic acid 402 Urine, excretion of cinnamic acid 70 Urine, excretion of morphine in. . 372 Urine, excretion of quinine 128 Urine, excretion of salicylic acid in 436 Urine, excretion of strychnine in 449 Valerates (valerianates) 519 Valeriana officinalis 518 Valerian rout 518 Valeric (valerianic) acids 518 Varentrapp and Will's method. . 230 Veratrine, saponification of 171 Veratrine in color-test with sul- phuric acid 50 Veratrine in color-test with nitric acid 52 Veratroidine in color-test with sulphuric acid 50 Vesuvin 186 Vesuvin-brown 105, 1'.).") Viburnum opulus 519 Victoria-blue 187 Victoria-green 187 Vinegar assay 15 Vinegars 14 Violet coloring matters 188, 194 Viscosity of butter soaps 297 Vitali's test for ati'opine 347 Volatile oils, in analysis of plants 412, 423 Wagner's method for estimating tannins 473 Walnut oil, drying of 283 Wanklyn's method for nitrogen.. 234 Warren's method of combustions 214 Warrington's estimation of tartar- ic acid 491 Water-blue 187 Water-washed solvents 34 Waxes, i» plant analysis 418 Waxes, separation from glycerides 374 Weinsaure 485 Weld 193 Wine, analysis lor salicylic acid. . 440 Wintergreen oil 433 Wittstein's plan for plant analysis 407 Wool fat, melting of fat acids of.. 269 Wormwood 7 Writings, chemical examination of 483 Xanthine 77 Xanthine, dimethyl 513 Xanthocreatinine 428 Xanthoxylum, constituent of . . . . 72 Xylenols 394 Xylol-sulphonic acids 406 Yellow and orange coloring matters 184 Yellow coloring matters 193 Zimmtsaure 69 t Catalogue of the Scientific Publications and Importatiofis of, D. 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