None
Emergence, 52 Emmer, 334 Enamel of teeth, 421 Endocarp, ^2>i Endodermis, 264, 280 Endosperm, 31, 331 English wheat, 334 Eniada, 327 Epicarp, 328 Epidermis, 261 of animal hairs, 123, 125 of leaves, 302, 303, 307, 316, 3i«. 319, 322 Epiphyses, 418 Ergot, 349 Erica arborea, 235 Eriodendron anfractuosum, 68, 368 Erythrina acanthocarpa, 253 Crista galli, 255 Esparto cellulose paper, 1 10 Ether, 23 Eucalyptus, 241 Euclca f>seudcbcnus, 239 Eupliorbiace<p, 45, 273 European birch, white, 236 chestnut, 226 elm, common, 222 fir, 212 walnut, 230 Evergreen oak, 226, 275 Evonymus, 20S, 235 Europiva, 235 Examination of flour, 342 Examples, practical, 159, 293 Excretion cavities, 193 Exine, 315 Exocarp, 328 Extract wool, 141 Eyepieces, see Ciculars Fabrics, figured, 158 fineness of weave, 170 piled. 15S plain, 15S t\ulled, is« wcK)len, examination of, 163, 164, 165, i<'>6, 16S Ftif^ara flatxi, 242 Americana, 2\2 Irrruiiim'a, 207, 232 A/7w//V«i, 197, 232, 397 Fal<;e acacia, 208 "Female" cnrk, 275 F,r»ilia huvifiilia, 207 Ferric chloride. 22 Fesca pnK'css for manufacture of wheat stiiroli. \n FiblT. I'nsiiin*;, S2 Ik'P. >: Mi|siini:it;i, 121 lU'tllf. --^ Fiber, paper mulberry, 92 rhea, 90 roa, 92 sinew, 150 Fibers, animal, 123 bast, 284 crystal, 284 mmeral, 123, 156 of dicotyledonous plants, 73 monocotyledonous plants, 94 stems, 72 substitute, 206 true wood, of broad-leaved woods» 196 vegetable, 51 Fibroin of silk, 144 Fibro- vascular bundles, 72, 258, 259 Field elm, 222 maple, 207. 233 Fig, 328 coffee, containing cork, 296 Figured fabrics, 158 Fir, 186, 207 balsam, 212 Douglas, 215 Euro()ean, 212 Japanese desert, 212 red, 215 riga, 216 Scotch, 216 silver, 212 spruce, 215 Swedish, 216 white, 212 wood, medullary rays of, 186 yellow, 215 Flax, 73 New Zealand, 99 Flecks, pith, 205 Flores Stachadis ciirina, 323 Floss of silk cocoon, 144 Flour, ash of, 345 color of, 343 examination of, 342 mechanical condition of, 343 microscopy of, 346 Flower heads, organs of, 313 Flowers, 310 orange, 310 parts of, 310 Follicle, 326 Formic acid, microchemical tests for, 44S Fossil ivory, 422 Fourcroya, 253 Cubrnsis, 97 loetida, 97 Sif^anica, 97 FratJf^ula, 208 Fraxinus, 220 Americana, 221 creel Kior, 221 nif^ra, 221 Orr^jowa, 221 GENERAL INDEX. 457 Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, 221 var. lanceoiata, 221 pubescenSf 221 quadrangulata, 221 Sambucijolia, 221 viridis, 221 Fruit, 324 accessory, 325 aggregule, 325 anthocarpous, 325 coat, 328 multiple, 325 stone, 326 compound, 327 Fruits and seeds, 324 Beck's classi6cation of, 326 classification of. Beck*!!, 326 cotn|x>und, 326 consolidated, 327 dehiscent, 326 indehiscent, 326 kinds of, 324 morplmlogy of, 324 niuhiple, 3-^7 simple, 326 Fuchsin, 23 Funiculus, 32t> Fuse, ideniitication of, used by incendi- iiry, i5«> Fusion tests, microchemical, 441 Fustic, 2()S distinction of old from young, 249 old, 244, 249 young, ^2i), 24(\ 24*) identification of, 295 Gil i urn, 327, \^q Gainl)o hemp, S^ (Virnpi filHT, 1:2 (n-l.itin silk. 1 >(> (tt'orgi.i pirir, .' i 7 (^ttTiiian hrcM'in, S5 (th«»ro sun, ^| "(oilik'U ", I S'> I'iiu". :i\ (OpsV o.lk, J.'S (fl.iiis. ;.•; (il«»liiili of ii-cih, 421 <'thit<ii. ; }' » » I IK, ; ;<) <»l\iTmu. lodiiif, :2 ( f« » It \\ ill- tw . ' ; > ( ft >.ll > \\ ' '< >1. I v' • Vik:- 'II, I ;o V. : !nn< ft". I \\ »■' 'Vi!'!' iti, I ; .' <!i MiK tK'ti I't sheei/s \V(X)1 . ■ ■A I' HI . .iiul, I .%4 M: ''1 ni , I ;<) Ilii!'* !. I U Gold, microchemical tests for, 446 Gomuti palm, 243 Gonostylus, 243 Gossampinos rubra, 368 Gossypium, arbareum, 58 Barbadense, 58, 361 herbaceum, 58, 361 hirsutum, 58 ^ rcligiosum, 58 Taiiense, 59 Grain of wood, 177 Graminea, 298 Granadilla wood, 242 Granulose, a Grape, 3^7 vine, 227 Gray willow, 204 Greek sumach, 300 Green ash, 221 etx>ny, American, 242 Havana wood, 241 Greenheart, 240 Grenadilla wood, 242 African, 242 Cut>an, 242 Ground olive stones, 37 1 detection of, in pep- per. 374 tissue, 2(10 Guajacum ofjicinale, 240 Guard cells, 29H Guiana arrowroot, 47 Guilloching of ivory, 425 Guimara, 95 Guizotia Ahyssinica, 375 old I era, 375 Gum, black, 234 sour, 234 Guncotton, 57 Gun wad, identificatitm of. 160 Gymnocliidus, 220 Canadensis , 220 dioicus, 220 GvTnnosperms, w<mh1 of, 174 Gvuc-eceum, 313, 324 Gysophila Arrostii, 270 paniculata, 270 Struthium, 269 Hadromal, 102 Hadn»me, 259 Ha*niatein, 251 Ha*nialoxylin, 23, 251 IltrtnafoxyloM campecheanum, 251 Hair, calf, 134 camel's, 137 cow, I v^. J 34 Hairs, vegetable, 51 Halle process for manufacture of wheat starch, 30 Hard maple, 233 pine, 217 woods, 213 453 GENERAL INDEX. Hard woods, examples of, 208 Hardness of wood, 208 Harst beech, 232 Havers' canals, 419 Hayti mahogany, 241 Hazel, 207 ^ Heart ripewood, 208, 222 Heartwood, 207 HcckHng, 73 Hedgehog wheat, 334 Helianthus annutis, 377 tuiwrosus, 50 Helichrysum arenarium, 323 Hemiccllulose, 55 Hemlock, 212, 287 Hemp, 77 bast, 77 Bombay, 84 brown, 84 cake, 395 Calcutta, 84 Conkanee, 84 gambo, 83 Indian, 84 Madras, H4 Mauritius, 97, zoo pai)er, 108 pita, 96 pure, 77 sis;il, 96 sunn, 84 Heotau, 25s Hcrmifiiera Elaphroxylon, 253, 255 Her/ljerg's test for identification of fibers in iKi()ery 104 Hesj)eridiuni, 327 Jftfiscus canmihiiiuSf 83 Hickory, mockernut, 222 ])ignut, 221 shagbark, 222 sheilbark, 222 Hicaria, 220 uli'ti, 222 ejiibra, 221 I'Vei/a, 222 Hihun, 32t> Hippopotamus amphihius, 422, 426 Hi]>iM)]X)t.'inius ivory, 42^ V. HDhnel's test for identification of fil>crs in i)JifK*r, 105 Hon<Iurns mahogany, 241 Hont'v l>crry, 22;^ Hoj) fiU-r, S7 horni'.oam. 236 Hordcum Ji\fjchon, 340 sativum distichnn, 349 vuli:an\ 349 tttra<tichum, 349 vuli^atf, 34 f> Horn, 42«> buffalo. 4 v> a-IK. 4U, 4.U. 437 ox, 430 Horn, refuse, 430 sheep, 430 teeth, 421 Hornbeam, 207, 208, 232 hop, 236 Hornblende ast)estos, 156 Homy prosenchyma, 288 Horse-cuestnut, 204, 208, 237 starch, :i:i Horst beech, 232 Hour-glass weed, 323 Huanaco, 139 Hummel silk, 152 Humulus lupulus, 87 Hungarian bird's-eye maple, 23 oak, 225 yellow wood, 246 Hydrocellulose, 57 Hydrochloric acid, 21 Ilymcncea Courbaril, 242 Hypanthodia, 328 Hypocotyl, 333 Hyoscyamus, 326 Illuminating apparatus of compound mi- croscope, 8, 9 Incense cedar, 214 wood, 209 Indian hemp, 84 Indigofcra, 309 Individual crystal analysis, 443 /wga vera, 242 Insect powder, 310 Caucasian, 323 Dalmatian, 310 Persian, 310 Integuments, 329 Interifascicular cambium, 291 wood, 291 Interglobular spaces of teeth, 421 Intinc, 315 Inula Hi'lcnium, 50 Inuhn, 27, 50, 273 Involucre. 319 Iodine, chlorzinc, 22 glycerine, 22 solution, 22 aciueous, 22 in potassium iodide, 22 tincture, 22 Iridin, 267 Iris diaphragm for compound microwope, II Iris, 324 Florcntina, 266 Girmanica, 266 pallida, 266 Ironw(K)d. 208, 232, 236 I satis tinctoria, 309 Itaka wood, 239 Ivory, African, 432 augmentation zones of, 4^4 contour lines of, 424 GENERAL INDEX, 459 Ivory, crown cement of, 426 dentine canals of, 423 fossil, 422 guilloching of, 425 hippopotamus, 426 Indian, 423 mammoth, 422 narwhal, 428 nut, 412 Schreger lines of, 425 sperm-whale, 428 true, 422 vegetable, 412 walrus, 427 Jacaranda Brasiliana^ 241 Jamaica mahogany, 241 Japanese desert fir, 212 nutmeg wood, 236 paper, 120 Javelle water, 21 Jointed apocarp, 326 latex tubes, 273 pod, 327 Jointless latex tubes, 273 Jtiglans, 202^ 207, 230 cinerea, 230 nigra, 230 regia, 208, 230 Juniper, 208 berry, 328 common, 214 savin, 214 Juniperus, 176, 213 communis, 214 Virginiana, 189, 214 Jute, 81 paper, 109 ''Kaffir marble cork", 253 Kapok cake, 368 East Indian, 368 Java, 368 Kemps, 128 Kentucky cofTee-tree, 220 Keratin, 429 Kermes oak, 226 Key, Burgerstein's analytical, for spruce and larch woods, 192 analytical, for identification of eco- nomic woods, 211 Khaya Scncgaiensis, 241 King wood, 241 Kopra, 403 Labarraque solution, 21 Laguna mahogany, 241 Laine artificielle, 82 Lamella, cellulose, 279 middle, 180, 279 outer, I So suberin, 279 Langhans silk, 152 Laportea Canadensis, 90 Larch, 190, 208, 216 and spruce woods, Burgerstein's analytical key for, 192 medullary rays of, 190 Larix, 216 decidua, 216 Europcsa, 216 occidenialis, 216 Larkspur, 326 Latex, 274 tubes, 273 jointed, 273 lointless, 273 Laurus Sassafras, 268 Lawson's cypress, 213 Lead nitrate and saltpeter, fusion test, 44 1 Leaf, blade of, 324 sheath of, 324 Leaves, 29, 297 balm, 309 bifacial, 29 centric, 29 curled mint, 309 isolateral, 29 patchouli, 309 peppermint, 309 rosemary, 309 Legume, 326 LeguminoscB, 242, 251, 253 Leguminous starches, 48 Lehner silk, 152, 156 Lens holder, 4 Lenticels, 276, 282 Lentil starch, 49 Leopard-wood, 239 Letter-wood, 239 Leucoplasts, 31 Levantine soapwort, 269 Libocedrus, 213 decurrens, 214 Libriform cells, 197 Lign-aloes, 242 Lignin, 58, 101 tests for, 102 Lignum-vitae, 207, 208, 240 Ligustrum, 208 Liiiacece, 269 Lima wood, 252 Lime tree, 234 Linden, 207, 208 American, 234 small-leaved, 234 summer, 234 winter, 234 Linen cloth containing tow yam, 161 rag paper, 107 yam, 77 Linseed cake, 384 meal, 384 Linum usitatissimum, 73 Liriodendron, 230 tulipifera, 231, 293 46o GENERAL INDEX, Live oak, 224 Llama, 139 Loblolly pine, 217 Locust, 208 black, 220 Logwood, 251 LoTium temulentumf 349 Loment, 327 Long-leaved pine, 217 Longwort, 269 Lonicera, 327 Lupis, 95 Lygcum Spartum, 11 1 Lysigenous cavity, 194 Macaroni wheat, 334 Macassar ebony, 239 sandalwood, 240 Machan'um Schomburgkii, 239 Madura tinctoria, 244 Maclurin, 246 Macrochloa tenacissima, 1 1 1 Madia cake, 377 Madia saliva, 377 Madras hemp, 84 Mahaleb cherry, 228 Mahogany, 207, 241 arena, 241 bastard, 241 birch, 236 Cai)e, 241 Colonial, 241 Cuban, 241 Domingo, 241 Hayti, 241 Honduras, 241 Jamaica, 241 Lacuna, 241 Porlo Plata, 241 Tabasco, 241 Yucatan, 241 Maize husk jxiper, 112 starch, 33, 40 Malabar arrowroot, 46 "Male" cork, 275 Malpif^hia puniciefolia, 281 Mall coffee, 354 Maltose, 3^) Mains, 237 communis, 237 Maha, 327 Malviicro', 5S Mammoth ivory, 422 Manihol uiiili^^ima, 45 Manila hemp, 04 pa|x*r, 122 Maple, 207, 20S American bird's-eye, 234 broad -leaved, 2^,^ connnon, 233 field, 207, 233 hard. 233 Hunj^arian bird's-eye, 234 Maple, Norway, 207, 233 plane, 233 red, 233 rock, 233 Russian bird's-eye, 234 sugar, 233 swamp, 233 sycamore, 233 Maranta arundinacea, 33, 43 Jndica, 43 Maranta starch, 43 Marrow canals of horn, 430 of tortoise shell, 434 of whalebone, 437 Alarsdenia, 70 Martin process for manufacture of wheat starch, 37 Mauritius ebony, 239 hemp, 97, 100 Mazard cherry, 228 Mechanical stage for compound micro- scope, 16 wood pulp, 116 Mechanico-microscopical analysis of barley groats containing millet bran, 358 of genuine and false liarley groats, 357 Weinzierl's method of, 354 MedicagOf 142 Medlar, 236 Medulla of animal hairs, 123 Medullary coefficient, Schroder's, 191 rays, 176, 184 cells of, 203 of broad-leaved wocds^ of fir wood, 186 of larch, 190 of pine wood, if^y of red cedar, 189 of spruce wood, 186 primary, 184 secondary, 184 repetitions, 205 Mcgaptcra boops, 435 Milan pyrum arvense, 349 Mercuric chloride, 22 Mericarp, 326 Mcrulis lacrymans, 295 Mesocarp, 328 Mesophyl, 3i7» 320, 322 MespiluSf 236 Germanica, 236 Met arable acid, 57 Methyl green, 23 violet, 23 Methylene blue, 23 Mctroxylon Saf^us, 47 Micro-technique, 19 Microchemical analysis, 439 solution tests, 4^3 tests for aluminium, 443 for barium, 444 GENERAL INDEX, 461 Microchemical tests for calcium, 444 for citric acid, 448 for formic acid, 448 for gold, 446 for lead, 441 for potassium, 442, 447 for silver, 442 for sodium, 447 Micrometer, 14 calibration of, 14 determination of magnifica- tion of, 15 eyepiece, 14 stage, 14 Micropyle, 329 Microscope, 3 compound, 5 illuminating ap- paratus of, 9, objectives of, 6, 1 1 oculars of, 7, 13 stand, 8 theories of, 5 dissecting, 4 simple, 4 Microscopic accessories, 14 examination of paper, 100 Microscopy of flour, 346 Micro technique, 19 Microtome, 17 Middle lamella, 180, 279 Milkweed, 326 Millet, chaff of, 352 flour and chaff, optical separation of, 356 straw paper, 1 14 Millon's reagent, 22 Mimusops ha lata, 241 Mineral fibers, 123, 156 asbestos, 156 Mirror of compound microscope, 9 Mitsumata fiber, 121 Mixed sclerenchyma ring, 284 ring, 284 Mockernut hickory, 222 Mohair, 130 , Molisch's reaction for distinguishing ani- mal from vegetable hairs, 124 Monocarps, 326 Monocotyledonous rhizomes, 262 roots, 262 stems, 255 Monocotyledons, 333 Monodon monoceros, 422, 428 Mofacc<E, 02, 244 Morcllo cherry, 228 Morin, 246 Morphology of fruits, 324 Moms, 220 alba, 220 Mortis nigra, 220 riwra, 220 tinctoria, 244 Moth holes, distinction from holes caused by burning, 171 Mountain pine, 217 Mulberry, 208, 327 black, 220 red, 220 silk, distinction from artificial silk, 155 white, 220 Multiple fruit, 325, 327 Mungo, 141 Musa mindanensis, 94 sapientum, var. Oak, bitter, 225, 281 black, 224, 281 British, 224, 281 bur, 224 central European species, 224 chestnut, 224 common, 224 cork, 226 evergreen, 226, 275 gipsy, 225 Hungarian, 225 kermes, 226 live, 224 Mediterranean species, 225 North American species, 223 over-cup, 224 red, 224 Spanish, 275 swamp white, 224 tan bark, 224, 281 Turkey, 225 white, 224 Oaks, central European, 224 North American, 223 Mediterranean, 225 Oat starch, 43 Objectives, 6, 11 angular aperture of, 1 1 chromatic al)erration of, 6 numerical aperture of, 12 spherical aberration of, 6 Ochrama lagopus, 68, 253 Ocotea caudata, 243 Oculars or eyepieces of compound micro- scope, 7» 13 Ohio buckeye, 238 Oil -cake meals, 359 Oil-cakes, 358 and oil-cake meals: methods of examination of, 359 microscopical examination of, 360 preliminary test of, 360 processes of manufacture of, 359 sampling of, 360 Oil-seed meals, 359 Old field pine, 217 fustic, 244, 240 distinction of, from young fus- tic, 249 Olcii, 23.S Europca, 235. 37 > Olive-stones, jn't>und, 371 tree, 235 One -grained wheat, 334 Onosma cchioidcs, 269 Oosphere, '^31 Open bundles, 250 teeth, 421 Optical separation of millet-flour and mil- let-chalT, 356 Orange flowers, 310 River ebony, 239 Oregon ash, 221 cedar, 213 pine, 215 Organs, subterranean, 262 "Ori". 323 Orris root, 266 Orthotropous ovule, 329 Ossein, 418 Osteodentine, 423 Ostrya, 235 Virginica^ 236 Outer lamella, 180 Over-cup oak, 224 Ovule, 329 anatropous, 329 atropous, 329 campylotropous, 330 orthotropous, 329 Ox-eye daisy, 323 Oxycellulose, 57 Padouk, 242 Palisade parenchyma, 306 Palisander, 241 Palm, cocoanut, 243 date, 243 Gomuti, 243 -nut cake, 400 Palmjrra, 243 wood, 243 black, 243 white, 243 Palm<B, 255 Palmjrra palm, 243 wood, 243 Papaver somniferum, 393 Papaveracece, 273 Paper, adansonia, 122 bamboo sprout, 123 birch, 236 Chinese, 120 cotton rag, 109 Daphne fiber, 122 esparto cenuk)6e, no hemp, 108 Herzberg's test for identification of fibers in, 104 v. Hahnel's test for identifictticm of fibers in, 105 identification of fibers in, 104 Japanese, 120 jute, 109 linen rag, 107 maize husk, 112 Manila hemp, 133 microscopic examination of, 100 millet straw, 114 mulberry fiber, 92 mulberry paper, 131 Nepal, 122 paper mulberry, 131 GENERAL INDEX. 465 Paper, pita hemp, 122 rye-straw cellulose, no sizing of, 103 straw cellulose, no sugar-cane, 119 tree -bast, 122 wheat-straw cellulose, no Papers, miscellaneous, 122 PapiltonacecB, 84, 253 Pappus, 313, 316 Papyrus, 122 Parchment of silk cocoon, 144 Parenchyma, palisade, 306 spongy, 306 true, 283 wood, 176, 193, 206 of broad - leaved woods, 196 Partridge wood, 242 Patchouli leaves, 309 Pauly silk, 156 Pea starch, 49 Peach, 326 Peanut cake, 387 Pear, 207, 208, 237 Peduncle, 322 Pentoses, 55 Peony, 326 Pepo, 327 Pepper, detection of ground-olive stones in, 374 Pepperidge, 234 Peppermint leaves, 309 Periblem, 290 Pericarp, 228, 326 Periderm, 263, 282 Pemambuco Brazil wood, 252 Persian insect powder, 310 Persimmon, 222 Petiole, 324 Pferdefleischholz, 241 Pheasant wood, 242 Phelloderm, 276, 282 Phellogen, 276, 282 Phellonic acid, 279 Phenogams, 333 Phloem, 259 Phloroglucin, 23 Phormium tenax, 99 Photosynthesis, 29 Physalus antiquorum, 435 PhyscUr macrocephalus, 422, 428 Physico-technical properties of woods, 207 Phywralvmna scabcrrimum, 240 Phytalcphas macrocarpa, 412, 415 Picca, 175, 215 alba, 216 Canadensis, 216 Engchnanni, 216 excel sa, 215, 216 Mariana, 216 nigra, 216 rubcns, 216 Picea rubrGt 216 Picric acid, 21 Pig-nut hickory, 221 Piled fabrics, 158 Pine, 187, 216 black, 217 bull, 217 Cembra, 21S Cuban, 217 Georgia, 217 ginger, 213 hard, 217 loblolly, 217 long-leaved, 217 medullary rays of, 187 mountain, 217 North Carolina, 217 Norway, 217 old field, 217 Oregon, 215 riga, 208, 216 Scotch, 187, 188, 216 short-leaved, 217 Siberian stone, 218 slash, 217 Southern, 217 stone, 188 sugar, 218 Swiss, 218 Weymouth, 218 white, 188, 218 wild, 216 yellow, 217 f Pineapple, 327 i "Pinkos" tubers, 213 Pinna nobilis, 149 PinuSf 176, 188, 216 AusiraliSf 217 cedrus, 208 Cembra, 188, 216, 218 Cubcnsis, 217 echinata, 217 halepensts, 288 Lambertiana, 216, 218 Laricio, var. Austriaca, 217 mitis, 217 Montana, 217 mughus, 217 nigra, 187, 217 nigricans, 217 palnstris, 217 pinaster var. Austriaca, 217 ponder osa, 217 Pumilio, 217 resinosa, 217 sihestris, 184, 187, 208, 216, 21S strobus, 188, 216, 218 T(eda, 217 Pipturus argenteus, 92 Piratincra Guayanensis 239 Pirus, 237 communis, 237 Malus, 237 464 GENERAL INDEX. Pistacia lentiscus, 301 Pistil, 313, 324 Pita hemp, 96 paper, 122 Pith, 206 flecks, 205 rays, 176 Pits, 180 bordered, 179, 181 simple, 181 Pitted vessels, 199 PiiiosporutH, 241 Placenta, 329 Plain fabrics, 158 Plane maple, 233 tree, 208 American, 230 Platanus, 208, 230 occiiicntalis, 230 Plates, sieve, 259 Plerom, 290 Plum, 207, 20S, 228 Plumule, 34, 333 Pocket -lens, 4 Pod, bordered, 327 jointed, 327 Polarization apparatus, 15 Polish wheat, 334 Pollen grains, 314 Polycarps, 327 Polygonum Convolvulus, 349 Pomacrcc, 235 Pomejs^nate, 327 Poplar, 20S, 2 38 black, 239, 275 trembling, 238 white, 20S, 239 yellow, 231 Poppy, 326 cake, 393 Populus alba, 239 Canadensis, 238 ihltoidca, 23S Ftcmontii, 2^9 grandidcntata, 238 fnonilijcra, 23.S vigra, 230, 275 iremula, 23S, 293 tnwuioidrs, 23S irichocarpa, 239 Pore capsule, 326 I*orcs, I So, 29S water, 209 Port Orfr)rd cedar, 213 ^'•irtii ^Mata malmp^any, 241 Portiignce sumach, 3<X) Potassium ])iclin)inate, 22 hydrate, 21 iodide and silver iodide, fusion test. 442 microclieniical tests for, ^47 Potato starch, 27. .v^, 3^^ Puwilt-r, insect, 310 Practical examples, 159, 293 action of cuprammo- nia on doth, 162 cork in fig coffee, 296 distinction of dved wool from woof of black sheep, 166, 168 distinction of moth holes from holes caused by burn- ing, 171 examinations of wool- en fabrics, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168 fineness of weave of fabrics, 170 identification of cov- ering of telephone wires, 171 identification of fuse used by incendiary, 159 identification of gun wad, 160 identification of ramie yam, 161 identification of snare cord, 159 identification of wood used for pulp, 293 identification of young fustic, 295 imitation Spanish ce- dar, 295 hnen cloth containing tow yam, 161 materials used for racket strings, 172 red sandalwood as an adulterant of spices, 296 sawdust in foods, 295 starch in wood as a means of deter- mining the time of felling, 29s Primary medullary rays, 184 wood, 178 Prima vera wood, 241 Privet, 208 Procamhium, 259 Prosench^^na, homy, 288 ProtnicufT, 326 Provencal sumach, 300 Prunusi 227 Armeniaca, 228 avium, 228 Ccrasus, 228 domcsiica, 228 insititia, 228 Mahalcb, 228 Pad us, 229 CENER/IL INDEX. 465 Prunus serotina, 228, 233 Pseudocarps, 325 Pseudotsuga^ 215 Douglasii, 215 mucronata^ 215 PUBToxylon, 241 Pterocarpus Indicus, 239 santalinoides, 252 santalinuSf 252 saxatiliSf 239 Pumpkin -seed cake, 369 Purple Heart, 242 wood, 242 Pjrrethrosin, 313 Pyrethrotoxic acid, 313 Pyrethrum carneum^ 310 roseum^ 310 Pyxis, 326 Quaking asp, 238 Quebracho, 208 Queensland arrowroot, 46 rosewood, 240 Qiiercus, 223 alba, 224 bicolor^ 224 Cerris, 222, 225, 281 cocci f era, 226 confer ta, 225 //€%, 226, 275, 304 lanuginosa, 281 lobata, 224 lyrata, 224 nuicrocarpa, 224 occidentalis, 275 pedunculata, 224, 281 platanoides, 224 Pseudosuber, 275 pubescens, 281 robur, 224, 225, 281 rubra, 224 sessiflora, 224, 225, 281 suber, 226, 275 virens, 224 Virginiana, 224 Quillai bark, 288 Quillaja Saponaria, 288 Racket strings, materials used for, 172 Radial bundle, 264 sections, 175 Radicle, 333, 34 » Radish, 327 Radix Anchusce lutecr, 269 Saponarice rubrcs, 269 Ramie, 90 yam, identification of, 161 Rape cake, 392 Raphanus Raphanisirum, 392 Raphe, 330 Rare woods, 242 Rattan, 243, 255 Rays, bark, 285 Rays, medullary, 176, 184 cells of, 203 of broad-leaved woods, 196 pith, 176 Reagents, 19, 21 for specific reactions, 22 Receptacle, 322 Red ash, 221 beech, 197, 207, 232 cedar, 189, 214 medullary rays of, 189 coral wood, 242 cypress, 215 elm, 222 fir, 215 Havana wood, 242 inaple, 233 mulberry, 220 oak, 224 sandalwood, 252 in spices, 296 satmders, 252 spruce, 216 wood, 215, 242, 252 African, 252 woods, 252 Redoul, 304 Reseda luteola, 309 Respiratory cavity, 298 Retting, 73 Rhamnus, 229 cathartica, 229 FrangtUa, 229 Rhea fiber, 90 Rhizomes, dicotyledonous, 268 monocotyledonous, 262 Rhizophora Mangle, 281 Rhus copallina, 300 Coriaria, 300, 301, 303 Cotinus, 229, 246, 300 glabra, 300 typhina, 300 Rice, chaff of, 351 starch, 33, 42 Riga fir, 216 pine, 208, 216 Ring, mixed, 284 sclerenchyma, 284 Rings, annual, 175, 203 Ripewood, 207 Rippling, 73 Roa fiber, 92 Robinia, 208, 220 Pseudacacia, 220 Rock elm, 222 maple, 233 Root, alkanna, 269 orris, 266 sassafras, 268 teeth, 421 Rootless teeth, 421 Roots, 174 466 GENERAL INDEX. Roots, dicotyledonous, 268 monocotyledonous, 262 Rose, 326 Rosemary leaves, 309 Rosewood, 240, 241 African, 240 Brazilian, 240 Queensland, 240 Vv'est Indian, 240 RuMcx hymenosepalum, 269 Russian bird's-eye maple, 234 Rye starch, 33 Rye-straw cellulose paper, no Safflower, 310 Saffron, 310 Sago starch, 33, 47 Sagus fariniferaf 47 UBvis, 47 Rumphii, 33, 47 SalicacetBf 237 Salix alba, 238 Caprea, 208, 238 fragiHs, 204, 238 Sallow, 208, 238 Salmalia Malabarica^ 368 Salomon nut, 414 Salsetti, 84 Saltpeter and lead nitrate, fusion test, 441 Samara, 327 Sambucus, 227 nigra, 228, 276 Sampling oil-cakes and oil-cake meals, 360 Sandalwood, African, 252 Macassar, 240 red, 252 in spices, 296 white, 209, 240 Sanio bars, 183 Sansevieria, 100 Sentalin, 252 Satitalum album, 240 Saponaria offlcinalis, 269 Saponin, 270 Sapotoxin, 270 Sappini wood, 252 Sapwood, 207 Sassafras root, 269 Satinwood, Kast Indian, 242 West Indian, 242 Saiurnia Pernyi, 148 pyri, 149 spini, 149 Savin junii)er, 214 Sawdust in foods, 295 Schimper's foam test for flour, 348 Schizocarpous s>Ticarps, 327 Schizojijenous cavity, 193 Schizolysijijenous canals, 194 Schrejrer lines of ivory, 42 s SchnVder's medullary coefficient, 191 Sclerench>Tna cells, 277, 284, 290 Sclerenchyma ring, mixed, 284 Scorza rossa, 288 Scotch fir, 316 pine, 187, 188, 216 Scutching, 73 Scutellum, 341 Sea silk, 149 Secondary medullary rays, 184 wood, 178 Secretion cavities, 193 cells, 265 Sections, cross, 175 radial, 175 tangential, 175 transverse, 175 Seed, 329 coat, 333 Sequoia, 215 giganUa, 215 sempervirens, 215 Wellingionia, 215 Sericin of silk, 144, 145 Serpentine asbestos, 156 Service tree, 237 Sesame cake, 380 Sesamum Indicum, 380 occideniaU, 380 radiatum, 380 Shagbark hickory, 222 Sheath of leaf, 324 Sheep, breeds of, 124 Sheep's wool, 134 abnormal hairs in, 129 beard hairs of, 129 burs in, 128 coloring of, 129 cortex of, 125 cuticular scales of, 125 distinction of goat's wool, cow hair, and, 134 epidermal cells of, 125 fineness of, 127 kemps of, 128 number of scales of, 1 26 Shell, tortoise, 433 Shellbark hickory, 222 Shoddy, 141 absence of epidermal scales is, 142 appearance of ends of fibers of, 142 diameter of fibers of, 142 fibers of many colors in, 143 foreign fibers of, 140 length of fibets of, 142 Short -leaved pine, 217 Siam ebony, 239 Siberian stone-pine, 218 Sicilian sumach, 301 Sieve plates, 259 tubes, 259 Silica, 58 Silk, action of PehVng solation on, 15S GENERAL INDEX. 467 Silk, ailanthus, 148 and silk substitutes, 144 artificial, 151 baves of, 144 Chardonnet, 155 cocoon, floss of, 144 middle layer of, 144 color with Millon's reagent, 155 common, 1 44 fibroin of, 144, 145 sea, 149 sericin of, 144, 145 treatment with iodine in potassium iodide, 155 tussah, 148 wild, 148 yamamai, 148 Silver fir, 212 iodide and potassium iodide, fu- sion test, 442 Simple berry, 326 bundles, 258 fruits, 326 microscope, 4 pit, 181 stone fruit, 326 Sinew fiber, 150 Sisal hemp, 96 Skewer wood, 235 Slash pine, 217 Small-leaved linden, 234 Smooth sumach, 300 Smut spores, 349 Snake wood, 239 Snare cord, identification of, 159 Soapwort, 269 California, 269 common, 270 Levantine, 269 white, 271 Soda cellulose, 118 Sodium, microchemical tests for, 447 Soft woods, 213 Solution tests, microchemical, 442 Sorbus, 205, 236 Aria, 237 torminaliSf 237 Sour cherry, 228 gum, 234 Southern pine, 217 Spanish broom, 85 cedar, 219 imitation, 295 oak. 275 sumach, 300 Spartium junceum, 85 scoparium^ 85 Sf)ecific reactions, reagents for, 22 Spelt, 3.U Spermoderm, 333 Sperm-whale ivory, 428 Sphcerites, 32 Spherical aberration of objectives, 6 Spices, red sandalwood in, 296 Spindle tree, 208 wood, 235 Spiral vessels, 199 Spongy parenchyma, 306 Spores, smut, 349 Spring wood, 179 Spruce, 186, 207, 209, 215 and larch woods, Burgerstein's analytical key for, 192 black, 216 fir, 215 red, 216 white, 216 wood, medullary rays of, 186 Stage of compound microscope, 8 Staghom sumach, 300 Stamens, 314 Stand of compound microscope, 8 Standard of compound microscope, 8 Starch, 27 acorn, 33 arrowroot, 33 assimilation, 30 banana, 47 barley, 33, 38 bean, 49 buckwheat, 33, 42 canna, 46 cassava, 45 cells, 265 cellulose, 33 chemical properties of, 33 curcuma, 46 fonnation of, 29 gelatination of, 33 horse-chestnut, 33 in wood as means of determining time of felling, 295 iodine reaction of, 34 leguminous, 48 lentil, 49 maize, 33, 40 oat, 42 pea, 49 potato, 27, 33, 36 abnormal, 37 reserve, 31 rice, 33, 42 rye, 33, 38 sago, 33, 47 sweet -potato, 46 tapioca, 33 transition, 31 wheat, 33, 38 abnormal, 40 from sprouted grain, 40 processes of manufacture of, 39 yam, 47 Stegmata, 95 Stems, 174 monocotyledonous, 255 468 GENERAL INDEX. Stigma, 324 Stipa tenacissima, no "Stock im Eisen", 190 Stomata, 298 water, 299 Stone fruit, compound, 327 simple, 326 pine, 188 Siberian, 218 Straw cellulose paper, no Strawberry, 326 Streaked ebony, 239 Streaks, cell, 205 Strobiles, 327 Sirophanthtis, 70 Style, 324 Suberin, 58, 263, 279 lamella, 279 Substage condenser, n, 15 Substitute fillers, 206 Subterranean organs, 262 Sugar-cane paper, 119 Sugar maple, 233 pine, 218 Sulphite cellulose, 116, 118 Sulphuric acid, 21 test for detection of for- eign matter in ground I)epper, 375 Sumach, 300 American, 300 dwarf, 300 Greek, 300 myrtle-leaved, 304 Portuguese, 300 Proven9al, 300 Sicilian, -301 smooth, 300 Spanish, 300 staghom, 300 tanner's, 300 Venetian, 246, 303 Summer linden, 234 wood, 179 Sunflower cake, 377 Sunn hemp, 84 Suture, 326 loculiddal, 326 Swamp maple, 233 white oak, 224 Swarzia tomcniosa, 241 Swedish curled birch, 236 fir, 216 Sweet buckeye, 238 cherry, 228 potato starch, 46 Swictcnia Mahogani^ 241 Sw'iss pine, 218 Sycamore, 207, 230 maple, 233 S\Ticarpous drupe, 327 Syncarps, 326 baccate, 327 Syncarps, closed^ 327 schizocarpous, 327 Synconia, 328 Synergidae, 331 Synergids, 331 Tabasco mahogany, 241 Tamarack, 216 Tamarind, 326 Tamarix Africatia, 301 Tambinziran wood, 242 Tanbark oak, 224, 281 Tangential sections, 17$ Tanner's sumach, 300 Tapioca starch, 33, 45 Taraxacum officinale, 50 Taxodium, 214 distichum, 215 Taxus, 176, 212 baccata, 183, 193, 212 brevifolia, 213 Tchouma, 90 Tea, 309 Teak, 208 Teakwood, 229 Brazilian, 242 Tecoma leucoxylon, 241 Tectona, 220, 229 grandis, 229 Teeth, 421 closed, 421 crown of, 421 dentine, 421 enamel of, 421 horn, 421 neck of, 421 open, 421 pulp of, 421 root of, 421 rootless, 421 Tegmen, 333 Telephone wires, identification of cover- ing, 171 Tellicherry arrowroot, 46 Terminalia Chehula, 406 Test, alcohol -hydrochloric add, for flotir^ 349 alcoholic naphthylene blue, for flour. 348 Bamihl, for gluten, 346 chloroform, K>r wheat and rye flour. 347 Schimper's foam, for flour, 348 Testa, 333 Tests for detection of foreign matter in pepper, 374, 375 for lignin, 102 fusion, microchemical, 441 Textile fabrics, microscopic examination of. 157 Textiles, 123 Thibet, 141 wool, 131 GENERAL INDEX. 4O9 Thorn, white, 207 Three-leaf twill, 158 Thuja, 176, 213 gigantea, 214 occidentalism 214 ThymeksacecB, 121 Tiger-wood, 239 Tik, Tiker or Tikor arrowroot, 46 Tilia Americana, 234 parvifolia, 234 platyphyllos, 234 Tipula, 205 Tissue, ground, 260 Tobacco, 309 Tooth cement, 421 Tortoise shell, 433 Torus, 181 Tow, 73 yam, 78 in linen cloth, 161 Tracheae, 199 of broad-leaved woods, 196 Tracheids, 179, 259 cross-, 186 of broad -leaved woods, 196 Transverse sections, 175 Tree, heartripewood, 208 heartwood, 207 ripewood, 207 sapwood, 207 Tree-bast paper, 122 Trembling poplar, 238 Trichechus Kosmarus, 422, 427 Trichomes, 51 Triticum monococcum, 334 Polonicum, 334 sativum compactum, 334 dicoccum, 334 durum, 334 spelta, 334 turgidum, 334 vulgare, 334 Tropical broad -leaved woods, 206 True parenchyma, 283 wood fibers of broad-leaved woods, 196 Tsuga, 212 Canadensis, 212 Tube cells, 338 of compound microscope, 9 Tubes, latex, 273 sieve, 259 Tulip wood, 231, 24e Tupelo, 234, 253 Tupos, 95 Turkey oak, 225 Turkish boxwood, 241 cherry, 228 Turmeric, 262 Tussah silk, 148 Twill, Batavia four-leaf, 158 three -leaf, i.sS Twilled fabrics, 158 Tyloses, 200 UlmuSf 203, 222 Americana, 222 Campesiris, 222 a-glabra, 222 fi-suberosa, 223 effusa, 223 fulva, 222 racemosa, 222 Thamasi, 222 Umbellifera, 327 .' Urtica cannabina, 90 dioica, 88 Uriicacece, 88, 92, 273 Utricle, 326 Uva, 327 Vacapow wood, 242 Vanillin, loi Vascular bundles, 259, 307 scheme, 29a Vegetable down, 68 fibers, 51 ivory, 412 silk, 70 Venetian sumach, 246, 303 Vessels, 199, 259 of broad-leaved woods, 196 pitted, 199 spiral, 199 Vetch, 326 Vicutia, 139 Vine, grape, 227 Violet wood, 208, 209, 240, 241 Viscoid, 57 Vitis, 227 vinifera, 227 Vivier silk, 152 Wacapow wood, 242 Walnut, 207, 208, 327 black, 230 European, 230 white, 230 Walrus ivory, 427 Warp, 157 Water elm, 222 pores, 299 stomata, 299 Wax, 261 Weed, d)rers', 309 yellow-moth, 323 Weinmannia glabra, 281 Weinzierl's method of qualitative and quantitative mechanico-microscopical analysis, 354 Weld, 309 West Indian boxwood, 241 rosewood, 240 satinwood, 242 Weymouth pine, 218 Whalebone, 435 470 GENERAL INDEX. Wheat, 334 chaflFy, 334 cow, 349 English, 334 hedgehog, 334 macaroni, 334 naked, 334 one-grained, 334 PoUsh, 334 starch, 33 -straw cellulose paper, no White alder, 231' ash, 221 beam tree, 237 birch, 236 European, 236 cedar, 213, 214 cypress, 215 elm, 222, 223 fir, 212 mulberry, 220 oak, 224 swamp, 224 palm wood, 243 pine, 188, 218 poplar, 208, 239 sandalwood, 209, 340 soapwort, 271 spruce, 216 thorn, 207 walnut, 230 willow. 238 wood, 231 Wikstritmia, 122 Wild cherry, 228 pine, 216 silks, 148 Willow, 208 brittle, 238 crack, 238 gray, 204 white, 238 Winter linden, 234 Wold, 300 Wood, brier, 235 bukkum, 252 cailccdra, 241 Calamander, 239 Camncachy, 251 cellulose, 118 cigar-box, 219 cocos, 242 cocus, 242 condori, 242 coral, 242 Coromandel, 239 CuKi grenadilla, 242 eagle, 242 fibers, tnie, of broad-leaved woods, genuine Brazil, 252 gniin of. 177 granadilla, 2.\2 Wood, green Havana, 341 grenadilla, 242 hardness of, 208 interfascicular, 291 Itaka, 239 Japanese nutmeg, 236 king, 241 lima, 353 medullary rays of fir, 186 pine, 187 spruce, 186 Nicaragua, 353 of dicotyledons, 174 of gymnosperms, 174 Mlm, 243 Palmyra, 243 parenchyma, 176, 193, 306 of broad-leaved woods, 196 Partridge 343 emambuco Brazil, 252 pheasant, 343 primary, 178 prima vera, 241 pulp, chemical, 118 mechanical, 116 production of, in United States, 116 soda, 116, 118 sulphite, 116, 118 purple, 242 red, 242 coral, 343 Havana, 242 sappini, 353 secondary, 178 skewer, 335 snake, 339 spindle, 335 spring, 179 structure of, 175 summer, 179 tambinziran, 342 tulip, 331, 340 used for pulp, identification of, 293 vacapow, 342 violet, 240, 241 wacapow, 342 white; 231 zebra, 240, 243 zirikota, 242 Woods, analytical key to economic, 211 blue, 351 broad-leaved, of temperate zone, 196, 318 of tropics, 3o6, 239 trMhec of. 196 tracheids of, 196 veneb of, 196 color of, 207 coniferous, 178, 211 cork. 353 description of species of, 211 GENERAL INDEX. 471 Woods, economic, 311 anahnical key for iden- tincation of, 211 bard, 213 physico^ technical propertiet of 207 rare, 242 red, 252 soft. 213 tropical broad-leaved, 206, 239 true wood fibers of broad -leaved, 196 yellow, 244 Woof, 157 Wool, 123 distinction of natural-colored and dyed, 166 extract, 141 goat's, 130 sheep's, 124 Woolen fabrics, examination of, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168 Wrightia tinctaria, 70 Xylem, 259 Yam starch, 47 Yftmamai ^Ik, 148 Yam, ramie, identification of, 161 tow, in linen doth, 161 Yellow birch, 236 cat's-paw, 323 fir, 215 locust, 320 moth weed, 333 pine, 217 popUr, 231 wood, Hungarian, 246 woods, 244 Yew, 183, 193, 208, 212, 213 Yoke elm, 232 Young fustic, 229, 246, 249 distinction from old fustic, 249 identification of, 295 Yucatan mahogany, 241 Zamia, 47 Zanzibar ebony, 239 Zebra wood, 240, 243 Bingiber officinale, 266 Zinpberacem, 262 Zirikota wood, 34a. 