None
Filipino: Number of employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; ii, 84, 85; increase in number employed, i, 658; on sugar planta- tions, i, 715; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in schools, u, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 76-80; literacy, i, 438-447; in Hawaii, i, 710, 711. Fillmore, Millard, nominated for President by Enow-Nothing and Whig Parties, ii, 563. Financial condition of immigrants. See Money on landing. Financial depression of 1907-8: Hostility toward recent immigrants during, i, 540; effect on number of aliens departing, i, 113; on immigrant banks, ii, 424, 425, 433; on transmissions abroad, ii, 426, 427; migration of recent immigrants, i, 500. Fines: For offenses against immigration laws, ii, 733-738, 742, 745, 746, 766-769, 788. 790, 792, 793; steamship companies, for inducing emigration, ii, 386; seduction of female passengers by seamen, law of 1860, ii, 594; importing coolie labor for peonage, 1875, ii, 579; paid by prostitutes, ii, 347, 348; under white-slave traffic law, ii, 344, 350; for brineing in physically and mentally diseased aliens, should be increased, i, 27; New Zea&nd law, ii, 638. Finland: Divisions of, ii, 698; population, i, 236, 237, 266, 267; number of Swedes in, i, 271; illiteracy in, i, 177; imimgrant remittances to, ii, 425; Canada induces immi- gration from, ii, 607, 608; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 623; crime, ii, 205-211; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-^33, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447. (See also Russian Empire.) Finnish: Definition, i, 236-238; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 238, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 236, 237, 238; causes of emigration, Index. 859 i, 187; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 640-642; employees studied, i, 320-333^ 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 46^-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-^363; length of reeidence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 26^-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 407-411; family income, i, 412-417: charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 25^261, 270-272; insanity ana mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-spring^ i, 474-184; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions^ i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; fecundity, ii, 469-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528; in Canada, ii, 612, 625. Finno-Tataric: Definition of term, i, 238, 239; population of stock, i, 238, 239. Firearm manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-338, 343-348. First generation, defimtion of term as here used, i, 777. Fiah, Hamilton, chairman of Senate select committee on steerage conditions, 1853, ii, 593. Fishbeig, Maurice: On treatment of in&nts, ii, 547; variability of Hebrew type, ii, 550. Fishing, Japanese enga^^ in, California, i, 664. Fitchburg, Mass.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Fiume, Austria-Hungary: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Flemish: Definition, i, 231-233; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215. 625; population in Europe, i, 214, 233; number in France, i, 240; number of housenolds and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601: employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 603' residence in agricultural locality, i, 603; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 363-366; wages and eamingg, i, 366-403, 407-411; family income, i, 412-417; t;harity seekers, ii, 95-109; in chanty hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanitv and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; En|;li8h-Bpeaking, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426. iJSee also Dutch and Flemish.) Flint Medical School, New Orleans, La., ii, 8. Floating immigrant labor: Migration of recent immigrants, i, 500; immigrant banks patronized almost wholly by, ii, 417. Florida: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128; immi^nts destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Japanese raising pineapples and vegetables, i, 692; insanity, ii, 232; peonage, ii, 444; regulation of [>anking, ii, 435. Florida East Coast Railwav, case of allied peonage, ii, 445, 446. Folkmar, Daniel, author of dictionary of races or peoples, i, 1, 209; abstract of diction- ary, i, 205-283. Folkmar, Elnora C, assisted in preparation of dictionary of races or peoples, i, 1, 209. Food: Required for steerage passengers, various laws, lij 590-592, 597; consumed by seasonal farm laborers, i, 599; suppbed to newly amved immigrants, Argentina, character of, ii, 642. Ford committee on immigration, finding of, ii, 569, 570. Fordham University, Fordham, N. Y., li. 8. Foreign-bom: Proportion of, in white male population 21 years of age or over, i, 155, 156^ among prisoners, 1904^ and in population, 1900, ii, 165, 168; among juvenile delinquents, 1904, and in juvenile population, 1900, ii, 169, 170 j of voting age, i, 148-156; naturalization, i, 152, 153. (See also separate races, Ahens, Immigrants, Immigration, etc.) Foreign exchange, m immigrant banking; ii. 425, 426. Foundry and madiine-shop products manumcturing, employees in, i, 336-348. 860 The Immigratioii Commission. France: Departments of, ii, 695; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726: population, i, 240; numoer of Flemish in, i, 233; number of Italians in, i, 252; illiteracy amoas recruits, i, 177; no emigration problem of im|)ortance, i, 168; steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599, 600; insane in, ii, 248, 249; Canada induces immigration m>m, ii, 607, 608; desertii^ seamen from, ii, 360; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; French from, i, 240; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188; insanity and feeble- mindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 33&- 347, 627-636; a^ classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Franco-JPrussian War, effect on emigration of Poles, i, 584., Freeman, quoted, i, 235. French: Definition, i, 239, 240; number of persons speaking, i, 235, 239; number of immi^;rants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 240, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destina- tion, 1, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214, 239, 240; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 601, 640-642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636: age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speakinfl; and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-spealdng, Uteracy. etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; number. of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 824, 833; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 824, 833; in agricultural pursuits, i, 550, 799, 800, 824, 833; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 824; in building trades, i. 789, 790, 824; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 824. 833; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 833; in cotton mills, i, 824, 833; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806, 824 , 833; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785, 824; laborers, i, 780, 781, 824; in laundries, i, 833; in manufacturing and mechan- ical pursuits, i, 824, 833; miners and quarrymen, i, 782^ 824; in needle trades, i, 808, 809, 833; in paper and pulp mills, i, 833; peddlers, i, 824, 833; in professional service, i, 797^ 798, 824, 833; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793. 794, 816, 817, 824, 833; in silk mills, i, 833; steam railroad employees, i, 824; teacners, i, 819, 820, 833; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812, 824, 833; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 824, 833; in trade and transportation, i, 824, 833; in woolen mills, i, 833; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764^766; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, li, 228, 237, 244, 249, 270: crime, ii, 173, 198-204, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii. 10-16, 18-31, 49-61, 64-^, 76-80; Uteracy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152. French Canadian. See Canadian, French. Fruit growing, deciduous, Japanese displacing Chinese, Pacific coast, i, 659. Furniture manu^turing: Summary of data secured, i, 307, 308; households and employees studied, i, ^, 323-326, 332, 333; earnings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394. G. Gaelic, number of persons speaking, i, 272. (See also Scotch.) Gainful occupation within the home,- i, 751. 752. Galician: Immigrants to Hawaii, i, 702; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. (See also Ruthenian.) Galician provinces of Spain, population of, i, 279. General tables for various reports, described, ii, 31, 32, 4348, 63, 73, 86, 154. General Theological Seminary, New York, N. Y., ii, 8. Geneva, N. Y., Italian agricultural colony at, i, 574. Genoa, Italv: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197 ; rejections, i, 199; number of immignnta from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Genoa, Wis., Italian agricultural colony at, i, 561, 563, 564. Georgas, B., Greek physician in Chicago, letter si^ed by, ii, 398. Georgia: Foreign-bom in, i. 126, 128; insanity, li, 232; immigrants destined to, L 10^109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; peonage, ii, 445; no regulation of private or immigrant banks, ii, 435. hclez. 861 Gennan: Definition, i, 240-243; number of persons speaking, i, 235, 241; Teutonic languages, i, 281; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 243; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; mone^r on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population and dis- tribution, i, 213, 214, 242; causes of emigration, i, 133; number m United States, i, 242; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 657, 601, 63^-642, 73^737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i^ 463-467^ 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on Engbsh-speakmg and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abrc«wl, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; lengUi of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^63, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 824, 833; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762. 824, 833; in agricultural pursuits^ i, 547, 548, 799, 800, 801, 824, 833; in boot ana shoe manufacturing, i, 824; in budding trades, i, 789, 790, 824; in clerical pur- suits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 824, 833; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 833; in cotton mills, i. 824, 833; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806, 824, 833; iron and steel .workers, i, 784, 785, 824; laborers, i, 780, 781, 824; in laimdries, i, 833; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 824; miners and ouarrymen, i, 782, 783, 824; in needle trades, i. 808, 809, 833; in paper and pulp miils, i, 833; peddlers, i, 824, 833; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 824, 833; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817, 824, 833; in silk mills, i, 833; steam raihroad employees, i, 824; teachers, i, 819, 820, 833; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812^ 824, 833; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 824. 833; in trade and transportation, i, 824, 833; in woolen mills, i, 833; waj^ and earnings, i, 366-403^ 405-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412-417, 766; chanty seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-276; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228. 237. 238, 244, 249. German-Russians, in certain western States, i, 653, 654. German-Swiss, in agriculture, i, 550. Germany: States of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; formerly leading emigrant-furnishing country, i, 168; number of French in, i, 240; Germans in Empire, i, 242; Gypsies in, i, 245; Poles in, i, 259; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; steeraj^e laws, referred to, ii, 599-601; control stations on frontier, for emigrant inspec- tion, 1, 195, 196; insanity in, ii, 248, 249; illiteracy among recruits, i, 177; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607; immigrants from Empire, 1820-1910, i, 65-96, 243; 1882 and 1907, i. 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immi- grants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463- 467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition^ i, 447-460. Glasgow, Scotland: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Glass manufacturing: Summary of data secured , i, 301, 302 ; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333, B27-634; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; unskOled labor in, i, 495; racial displacements, i, 519-527; some representative immigrant communities, i, 496; racial composition of a bottle plant in Pennsylvania, i, 524; a plate-glass plant and community in Pennsylvania, i, 520-522; a window-glass community in western Pennsylvania, i, 522-524. Gloucester, Mass.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Glove manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 310, 311; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395. Gold and silver workers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Gold mining, Chinese displaced in, California, i, 659. 862 Tlie Immigration Commission. Goldenweiser, E. A., author of report on immigrants in cities, i, 2; abstract of report, i, 723-772. Goucher C!ollege, Baltimore, Md., ii, 8. Government control of inmiigration: Urged by President Grant, 1871, ii, 566; recom- mended bv Supreme Court, 1876, ii, 567. 568; assumed, 1882, ii, 564; definitdy establifihea b^^ law, 1891, ii, 571; frustrated California's attempts to repress Chinese immigration, ii, 578. (See dL.o Immigration law.) Government supervision over ships at sea, ii, 602. Grand Rapids, Mich., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Grant, Ulysses S., quotation from message to Congress, ii, 566, 567. Great Britain: First steerage passenger legislation, 1809, ii, 591; steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599-601; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 608. (See cdw eeparate countries and United Kingdom.) Great Britam and Ireland, immigrant remittances to, ii, 427. Great Russian: Definition of term, i, 263-265; number of, i, 250. (See al.o Russian.) Greece: Province and islands of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; popula- tion, i, 245; number of Albanians in, i, 244; Greeks in, i, 245; Roumanians in, i, 263; furnishes more immigrants in proportion to population than any other countiy, i, 191; activities of steam&ip ticket agents, i, 191; wap:es and working conditions of boys, ii, 402-404; illiteracy among recruits, i, 177; immigrant remittances to, ii, 427: immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 623; padrone system, ii, 391-408; crime, ii, 164, 188, children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; eanungs, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447. Greek: Definition, i, 243, 244; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 245. 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 245; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-^6; ase classification, i, 463-467, 737-739; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173. 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in seasonal farm labor, i, 594; wages and earning, i, 366-403, 405-411, 685, 686, 764-766; immigrant banks, ii, 413; Sac&one system, i, 29, 30; ii, 387-408; family income, i, 412-417: charity seekers, ii, 5, 109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261; 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270: crime, ii, 164, 173, 174, 198-204, 211-220; status of children, i, 763; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 4^-55, 64-66, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 770, 771; English-speakmg, i, 474-484, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771, 772; in labor unions, i, 418, 419; conjugal condition, i^ 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of housejfiolds, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; ooiuxling groups, i, 739; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. Greek padrone svstem in the United States, report on, ii, 387-408. Green County, Wis., cheese industry of, i, 549. Grosse Island, near Quebec, formerly Canadian quarantine station, ii, 592. Gruenberg, John, contract-labor inspector, data nimished by, i, 3; ii, 379, 385. Gypsy: Definition, i, 245^ 246; language, ij 245; population and distribution, i, 245; number in Roumania, i, 263; in Servia, i, 231; in Spain, i, 279; number oi house- holds and persons studied, i, 319, 320; wages and earnings, i, 407; in labor unions, i, 418. H. Haik. See Armenian. Hair, color of: Determination of, ii, 555; native and foreign bom compared, ii, 510- 517, 524, 549. Hall, Henry, author, referred to, ii, 594. Hamburg, Germany: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Hamburff-American Line: Organized, 1846, ii, 594; first steamships, 1856, ii, 594; third-class accommodations of, ii, 602. Hamline University, St. Paul, Minn., ii, 8. Hammonton, N, J., Italian apicultural colony at, i, 561. Hanna, referred to, on statistics of religions in Ireland, i, 249. Index. 868 Hartford, Conn., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., ii, 8. Hat and cap makers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Haverhill, Mass.: Public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-^, 71, 72, 75; parochial schoolpupils, ii, 64-72, 75.. Havre, franco: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of iiomi- grants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Hawaii: Immigration conditions in, report on, i, 695-722; population, i, 700; act to provide government for, ii, 795; effects of annexation, i, 701, 702; early immigra- tion, i, 699-702; recent, i, 702, 703; assisted, i, 703-708; iminigration and emigra- tion, i, 708-714; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Portuguese labor imported, i, 629; cost of importing labor, i, 703-705; employees on plantations, i, 715; wag^es of Russian immigrants^ i, 707; passports required of Japanese entering, i^ 661; cml- dren in school, i, 714j msane in institutions, ii, 233; immigrants as chanty seekers, ii, 154' Japanese emigration from, to Pacific coast, i, 660, 661, 701; to Canada, ii, 629; Chinese immigration to, regulated by United States laws, ii, 583, 795; reg- istration of Chinese, ii. 795; Chinese emigration from, to United States, ii, 795; Chinese citizens of, admission to United States, ii, 803; immigration by way of, regulation regarding, ii, 779, 780. Hawaiian: Number in Hawaii^ i, 700, 713; employees studied, i, 627-636; age classi- fication of charity patients, li, 286-290; length of residence of students, ii, 84; resi- dence in United States of charity patients^ u, 263-266; on suear plantations, i, 715; family income, i, 712; charity seekers, ii, 154; in charity hospitals, ii, 258r-261, 270-272; in schools, i, 714; ii^ 10-16, 18-27, 76-80. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association: Induced immigration, i, 703, 704; welfare work, i, 716. Hayes, Rutherford B., vetoed bill abrogating Burlingame treaty, 1879, ii, 580. nayford, Leslie, author of report on immigration and crime, i, 3; abstract of report, ii, 159-221. Head form of immigrants, changes in, ii, 505-517, 520-522, 525-529, 531-533, 536, 539, 540, 542-545, 549, 553, 554. Head tax: Proposed at various times, ii, 562, 568, 571; legislation, ii, 566-569, 571, 573-576; levied by New York, 1829, ii, 567, 568; by Massachusetts, 1837, ii, 567; references to, in present law, ii, 731, 732, 747, 760, 762, 764, 766, 774, 775, 780; pro- posed amendments. 1906^ i, 9, 10; material increase proposed, i, 48; discrimination in i&voT of men with families, proposed, i, 48; in case of stowaways, ii, 365, 366; not applicable to alien seamen, ii, 355, 357, 358; persons coining nrom certain places exempt from, i, 231; Chinese and other Mongolians, California, 1855 and 1862, ii, 678; Chinese entering Canada, ii, 628. Health, the public, conclusions regarding immigration and, i, 34. Hebrew: Definition, i, 246, 247; objection to use of term, i, 19; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 246, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109 J previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; emulation in Europe, i, 214, 246; causes of emigration, i, 187, 577; number in olland, i, 232; number in Roumania, i, 263; number in Russian Poland, i, 260; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 640-642, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; in agricultural investigation, i, 552-557; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-spealdng and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 740; ii, 84, 85; permanence of settlement, i, 181; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation^ i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in agricultural pursuits, i, 39, 575-581; wages and earmngs, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii^ 413; family income, i, 412-417, 766; income of farmers, i, 579; cluirity seekers, ii. 95-153; m charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275, 277; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; crime, ii, 17^181, 180-193, 211-220; prostitu- tion, ii, 332, 343; gainful occupation in tne home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; li, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 32-42, 49-61, 64-71, 76-82 ; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 609-611, 76&-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 580, 606, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor umons. i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460, 605; ii, 137-142; changes in bodily form, ii, 505-609, 512, 513, 518-535, 542-545, 549; pubescence of boys, ii, 536-541; variability of type in Europe, ii, 550; treatment of infants, ii, 547; location of wife, i. 459, 460; home ownerahip, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422| 757-759; size of HwrtmentB and 864 The Immigration G>mmission. of households^ i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boardera and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, 1, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abnuMi, i, 461-463; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 514; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. Hellenic. See Greek. Heredity, theories of, ii, 552, 553. Herkner, Anna, author of report on steerage conditions, i, 3; abstract of report, ii, 291-303. Hervat, definition of term, i, 247. (See also Croatian.) Herzegovina and Bosnia, number of Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230. Herzegovinian: Definition, i, 247; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; population in Eiirope, i, 214; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 46S~467; ii, 286-290; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 357-363; length of residence, i, 34^-356, 63^, 637; residence in United States of charity patients, ii^ 263-266; wages and earnings, 366-403; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; Engliah-speak ing, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. {See aUo Croatian and Dalmatian, Bosnian, and Herzegovinian.) Hickemell, Warren F., assisted in preparation of report on distribution of inuzii- g;rant8, i, 1. Hickmann: Estimate of number of Celts, i, 225, 226, 249; of persons speaking various languages, i, 235; division of Aryan stock, i, 218. Higher educational institutions, students in, ii, 76-86. Highland Scotch, definition of term, i, 272. (See also Scotch.) Hill, Joseph A., author of reports on distribution of immigrants, occupations of immi- grants, and fecundity of immigrant women, i, 1, 2, 3; abstracts of reports, i, 119-160, 773-838; ii, 451-500. Hindi, number of persons speaking, i, 234. Hindu: Definition, i, 247, 248; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 625, 676, 677; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; inmii^nts from Honolulu, i, 712; number in Malaysia, i, 258; number and distribution m United States, i, 676, 678; number of households and persons studied, i, 639, 642; employees studied, i, 320- 333, 336-347, 627-636; occupation abroad, i, 100-102; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; occupation, i, 117, 118; laborers, i, 676-^79; wagea and earnings, i, 670, 678, 680; charitv seekers, ii, 95-109; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 64-66, 76-82; literacy, i, 99, 438-447, 681; English-speaking, i, 681; standard of living, i, 680; return movement, i, 112-118; in Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 676-682; in Hawaii, i, 710, 711; conclusions and recommendations, i, 41, 47, 691; in Canada, i, 676; ii, 611, 623, 625, 629. Hoar, George F., could not support legislation discriminating against race, Ii, 584. Hoboken, N. J.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, 152. Holland: Number of Flemish in, i, 233: Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607, 608; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623. (See also Netherlands.) Hollander. Sec Dutch, Flemish, and Dutch and Flemish. Holyoke, Mass.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Home ownership: Various investigations, i, 298-312, 467-470, 728, 756-759; old and new immigration compared, i, 469; sugar-plantation laborers, Hawaii, i, 716, 717. Homes: Care and equipment of, among immigrantfl in cities, i, 753-755; gainful occu- pation in, immigrants in cities, i, 751, 752. Homes and aid societies, immigrant: Abstract of report on, ii, 305-322; information regarding, furnished to authorities, i, 23; conclusions, i, 30, 31; in Argentina, ii, 642; in Canada, ii, 615, 627. Homesteads: Act of 1862, discussion with regard to immimnts, ii, 564; offered to white laborers, Hawaii, i, 716-719; in Australia, ii, 631; Brazil, ii, 647; Canada, ii, 614, 617. Honolulu, Hawaii: Charity seekers in, ii, 154; average family income, working peo- ple, i, 712. (See also Hawaii.) Hop growing: Chinese labor displaced by Japanese, Pacific coast, i, 658, 659; Japanese seasonal labor, i, 667. Hosiery and knit-goods manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Hospitals: On emigrant-carrying ships, ii, 298, 299, 301, 597, 598; report on charity hospitals, ii, 253-290; per capita cost of treatment, ii, 258; law regarding treatment of immigrants, ii, 738, 749, 752-754. Index. ' 865 Houlton, Me., ajustice of, attitude toward contract-labor law, ii, 448. Hours of work: Effects of recent immigrants on, 1, 540, 541; longer in bituminous coal mines of Pennsylvania than elsewhere, i, 38; longer than average in Japanese busi- ness establishments. Pacific coast, i, 675; irregular among immigrant bankers, ii, 422; seasonal agricultural laborers, i, 597, 598; Greek bootblacks and peddlers, ii, 394, 395. Households: Selection of, for study, i, 315; schedule forms used, ii, 653-673; number studied, various industries, i, 294, 297-313, 315-317; in cities, i, 727, 732-736; in agricultural investigation, i, 557; in the West, i, 640: study of immigrants in cities, i, 727-772; size of, i, 42&-430; farm households studied, i, 601-615, 639; Italian, in agriculture, i, 560. (See also Boarders and lodgers, etc.) Housing conditions: Immigrants in cities, i, 729; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 729, 743-747; sanitary con- ditions, i, 729, 753-755; boarding-boss system described, i, 422, 499; among seasonal agricultural laborers, i, 598, 599; Chinese, i, 657; East Indians, i, 080: German- Russians, i, 653, 654; Greeks, ii, 393-395; Hebrews, i, 579; Italians, i, 565, 652; Mexicans, i, 689; Poles, i, 586; Russians in Hawaii, i, 706, 707; conclusions, i, 36, 37. Housekeepers and stewardesses, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Howell, Benjamin F., member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 165. Hucksters and peddlers: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female bread- winners, i, 830-838. Hun, definition of term, i, 248. (See also Magyar.) Hungarian: Immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 825, 834; occupation, i, 825, 834; in agricultural pursuits, i, 800, 825, 834; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 825; in building trades, i, 789, 825; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 814, 825, 834; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 834; in cotton mills, i, 825, 834; in domestic and personal service, i, 805, 825, 834; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 825 J laborers, i, 781, 825; in laundries, i, 834; in manufacturing and mechan- ical pxuBuits, i, 825, 834; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 825; in needle trades, i, 809, 834; in paper and pulp mills, i, 834; peddlers, i, 825, 834; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 825, 834; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 794, 817, 825, 834; in silk mills, i, 834; steam raihoad employees, i, 825; teachers, i, 819, 834; in textile mills, i, 787, 811, 825, 834; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 825, 834; in trade and transportation, i, 825, 834 ; in woolen mills, i, 834 ; insanity and mental defects, ii, 244, 249 ; fecundity, ii, 469-482, 494-500; changes in bodily form, ii, 510, 511, 518-524, 526; desertion of seamen, ii, 361 ; in Canada, ii, 611, 626. (See also Magyar.) Hungary: Provinces of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 720; number of Germans in, i, 242; Gypsies, i, 245; Roumanians, i, 263; Slovaks, i, 277; illiteracy, i, 177; insanity, ii, 248, 249; law forbids promotion of emigration, i, 191; local supervision Prevents many of excludable classes from emigrating, i, i96; natives of, in UAited tates, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347. (See al o Austria-Hungary.) Hungary and Bohemia, insanity and feeble-mindedness among natives of, in United States, ii, 239-242. Hungary Hollow, HI., a "representative immigrant community, i, 496. Hunky. See Magyar. Himyak. See Magyar. Husband, W. W.: Secretary of Immigration Commission, i, 12. Huxley, classification of races by, i, 218, 224, 256, 257. I. Iberians, immigration and emigration of, Hawaii, i, 710, 711. Iceland: Popmation, i, 270; number of Scandinavians in, i, 271; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607. (Se/e also Scandinavia.) Icelander: Number of employees studied, i, 627-636; charity seekers, ii, 95-108; in Canada, ii, 611, 626. I(^o: Population and number of foreign-bom, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; citizen- ship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Identification: See Certificates. niinois: Population and number of foreign-bom, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155* citizen- ship, i, 150, 152; Hebrews in, i, 247, 576; Polish farmers, i, 583; Greek peddlers, ii, 393, 394; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Middle West); immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; emigration to Canada, ii, 617; immigrant banks, ii, 414, 435; no regulation of private or immigrant banking, ii, 435. 866 The Immigration Commissi<m. Illiteracy: Defined, i, 156; in Europe, i, 175-178; in Italy, i, 251; among Greek- peaeantry, ii, 402; among Slovaks, i, 276; in Norway, the least in Europe, i, 269; among United States recruits, i, 177; Europe and United States compu^, i, 177. 178; among inmiigrants, i, 98-l()0, 498; largely responsible for immigrant bfuiks, ii, 417; employees in industries studied, i, 29§-313, 438-447; Greek bootblacks, ii, 396; East Indians, i, 681; Mexicans, i, 689, 690; Australian law, ii, 633-635; NewZejUand, ii, 637, 638. (See also Literacy.) niyrian. See Croatian and Slovenian. Immigrant banks. See Banks, immigrant. Immigrant fund, referred to, i, 9; ii, 731, 748. Immigrant homes and aid societies. See Homes and aid societies, immigrant. Immigrant stations, treatment of incoming aliens at, ii, 309-318. Immigration to United States: Changed character of, i, 13, 60-65; from Canada, ii, 618, 619; Federal Government assumed control of, 1882, i, 26; no efforts by Gov- ernment to induce, i, 25; promotion of, prohibited, f, 189; to he limited, proposed, i, 47, 48. (See also Aliens admitted.) Immigration and emigration compared, i, 113, 114. Inmiigration Commission: Creation of, i, &-11; ii, 576, 742; brief statement of investi- gations, i, 5-21; membership, i, 11, 12; organization, i, 12; conclusions, i, 23-44; recommendations, i, 45-48; views of minority, i, 49. Inmiigration districts, list of, ii, 778, 779, 813, 814. Immigration law: Federal immi^tion legislation, abstract of report on, ii, 557-584; law of 1907, as amended 1910, ii, 731-744; white-slave trafiic act, ii, 744-747; immi- gration regulations, ii, 747-780; to whom applicable, ii, 748, 749; excluded claases, li, 327-329, 619-621, 732, 733; aliens debarred, i, 110; emigration prevented, i, 170; direct Federal control granted, i, 110; foreign Govemmenta willing to cooperate, i, 28; legislation of 1907, i, 194; ii, 575-577; inadequate as re^u^s criminals, i, 27, 34; as regards padrone system, ii, 406; evasions and violations, li, 330, 331, 357, 361, 363, 364, 400, 401, 570-572; references to advertising, ii, 734; anarchists, ii, 732, 742; appeals, ii, 735, 740, 750, 751, 758, 800; assisted immigrants, ii, 732; boards of special inquiry, ii, 740, 756, 763; bond, ii, 738, 740, 751, 756, 757, 771, 800, 808, 815; Canal Zone, inspection of aliens from, ii, 741; children unaccompanied by parent, ii, 732, 749; Chinese, ii, 578-684, 800, 808; Commissioner-General, duties of, ii, 739, 741; contract labor, i, 110; ii, 375-379, 569-572, 732-734, 739; coolies, ii, 578; criminals, i, 27, 34; ii, 732, 793; deportation, 733, 737-739, 741, 762, 763, 769-774, 787, 788, 790-792, 794, 800, 811-813; disease i, 194; ii, 732, 734, 752, 773; emigrants, lists of outgoing, ii, 735, 736, 762; hospital treatment, ii, 738, 749, 752-754; Immigration Commission, ii, 742; insanity and mental defects, ii, 227; 229, 245-247, 251, 732, 738, 752, 773; inspection, ii, 737, 749, 787, 799, 800; insular possessions, ii. 736, 779, 780, 796, 803; ii^emational conference, ii, 743; labor, i, 661; ii, 399, 733. («« cdso contract labor, above); manifests, ii, 735, 736, 762, 769, 787; medical examina- tion, ii, 737, 752, 753; mental disorders (see insanity and mental defects, above); money in possession of immigrants, ii, 735; polygamists, ii, 732; prostitutes, ii, 330, 331, 577, 732, 733, 744, 745, 769; public charges, ii, 732. 769, 770, 774; rejections, ii, 750; seamen, ii, 355, 357, 359, 361, 364, 367, 368; skilled labor, ii, 733; soliciting by transportation 363-366; York law 621; legislation in Hawaii, i, 702; Australia, ii, 633-635; Brazil, ii, 646^ 647; Cwiada, i, 102, 676; ii, 622, 623, 628, 629; New Zealand, ii, 637, 638. (See oUq Steerage legislation.) Immigration situation in other countries, abstract of report on. ii, 603-647. Importation and harboring of women for immoral purposes, aostract of report on, ii, 323-350: lawr^arding, li, 744-747; conclusions, i, 30. (See also Prostitution and White-slave traimc.) Income, reduced by curtailed number of working days, etc., i, 39, 370, 379. (Seeaiso Family income. Wages and earnings, etc.) Indemnity fund for losses sustained by Chinese on Pacific coast, ii, 581, 582. Indentured service: In Hawaii, 1, 699; juveniles in Canada, ii, 615. Independence, La., Italians in strawberry culture, i, 569. India: Population, i, 234, 247, 248, languages, i, 248; religions, i, 248; emigrants from, i, 234; immigrants to United States, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1899-1910, i, 234; natives of, in United States, 134, 135, 137, 623; children of immigrants from, employed, 320-333, 336-347: literacy, i, 438-447. Indian: Number oi households and persons studied, i, 319, 320; employees studied, i, 320-533, 336-347, 627-636; age classification of charity patients, ii, 286-290; cran- berry pickers in Wisconsin, i, 595; charity seekers, ii, 95-111; in cnarity hospitals, n. Index. 867 258-261, 27a>272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 230, 231, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 33-42, 49-61, 64-66; literacy, i, 438-447. (See also East Indian.) Indian, South American, children in public schools, ii, 10-16. Indian, Spanish, children in public schools, ii, 10-16. Indian Territory: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109. Indiana: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Middle West); Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Polish farmers, i, 583; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Indianapolis, Ind.: Immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93r-115; immigrant banks, ii, 413. Indo-Celtic, -European, -Germanic. See Aryan. Induced immigration: Report on, ii, 371-386; prohibited, i, 25 j law regarding, ii. 376, 377 j conclusions, i, 29; law encouraging immigration, 1864, li, 564, 565; favored by President Lincoln, ii, 564, 565; efforts of various States, i, 19^; ii, 564; by letters, labor agents, etc., i, 25, 29; Greeks, by padrones, ii, 404, 405; Italians, by southern planters, i, 568; Mexicans, by sugar companies, i, 687; Bohemians, to Connecticut farms, i, 590; from Japan, i, 662; westward, i, 621; from Philippines to Hawaii, i, 704, 705; board to promote white settlement, Hawaii, i, 702-708; to Argentina, ii, 639; Australia, ii, 631; Canada, i, 192; ii, 607-^10; South America, i, 192 Industrial Commission, investigation b}r. ii. 574. Industrial communities, various, describea, i, 495-497. Industrial condition abroad. See Occupation abroad. Industrial depression, effects of, i, 179-181, 188. {See also Financial depression of 1907-8.) Industrial organization and methods, effects of recent immigration on, i, 538-540. Industrial significance of recent immigration, i, 491-541. Industries, immigrants in. See Manumcturing and mining. Information, Division of. Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, i, 40, 46; ii, 575, 743. Inman Line, inaugurated third-class or steerage accommodations, 1850, ii, 594. Insane: Report on immigration and insanity, li, 223-251; excluded, ii, 569, 619, 620; law r^arding, ii, 732, 738, 752, 773; in United States and foreign countries, ii, 248, 249; immigration, i, 28; ii, 245, 246; in hospitals and institutions, ii, 230, 232- 237, 239, 240; treated in certain New York hospitals, ii, 238, 247, 267, 268, 270-274, 27^279, 282, 285, 290; excluded from Australia, ii, 633, 634; Brazil, ii, 647; Canada, ii, 619, 620, 625; New Zealand, ii, 637. Inspection: Abroad — Recommendations of Native American Association, 1838, ii, 562; of joint committee, 1892, ii, 572; 1907, ii, 576; of Bureau of Immigration, i, 201: President authorized to provide for, i, 11, 28; prevents emigration oi great numbers of diseased aliens^ i, 34, 197; account of, i. 193-204; by whom conducted, i, 197, 198; rejections, i, 110, 195, 199; by steamship companies, i, 26, 195, 196, by United States officials, i, 26, 27, 195, 203, 204; of ahen seamen, ii, 357, 760; control stations on German frontier^ i, 195, 196; East Indians rejected at Asiatic ports, i. 677; methods in Belgium, i, 195; Greece, i, 196: Hungary, i, 196; Italy, i, 195, 196. At Canadian ports, ii, 623, 626. At United States ports — Inauguration of, i, 110, 194; law regarding, ii, 737, 749, 752, 753, 787, 799, 800; under law of 1891, i, 194; ii, 571; effective in excluding diseased aliens, i, 34; alien seamen, ii, 355, 362; proportion debarred after inspection abroad, i, 195, 202-204; history of, i, 194. {See also Aliens debarred, eU.) Inspectors, Government, should be placed on all vessels carrying third-class or steer- age passengers, i, 46. Insular possessions, immi^tion law regarding, ii, 736, 779, 780, 796, 803. Intermarriage: Possible enect on change of type, ii, 550, 551; type of heredity in, ii, 552; Japanese and white races. Pacific coast, i, 676; Mexican and white races, i, 690. International agreements for retaliation of immigration, possible, i, 166. International conference on subject of immigration to United States, President author- ized to call, i, 10; ii, 743. Interstate commerce in prostitutes, prohibited, ii, 577, 744-747. Investigations, immigration: Earliest congressional, 1838, ii, 562; Senate select com- mitt^, steerage conditions, 1853, ii, 593; under Secretary of Treasury, steerage con- ditions, 1873, ii, 596; joint congressional committee, Chinese question, 1876-7, ii, 868 Hie Immigration Commission. 579; Ford committee, 1888, ii, 569, 570; joint congreaBional committee, 1890, ii, 570; joint committee, 1892, ii, 572; Senate committee, 1892, ii, 672; Industrial Commu- aion, 1898, ii, 574; Immi^tion Commission, 1907, brief statement of, i, 5-21. Investigators, in ^ise of immigrants, should be sent across ocean at intervals by Bureau of Immigration, i, 46. Iowa: Foreign-bom in, i^ 127, 129, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; Hebrew fanners, i, 576; insanity, li, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414, 435; regulation of bulking, ii, 435; emi- gration to Canada, ii, 617; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109. Iranians, number in Persia, i, 259. Ireland: Counties of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 260; insanity, ii, 248, 249; emigrants from, i, 250; causes of emigration, i, 187; ii, 591; immigrants to United States, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1847, ii, 592; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, 320-333, 336-347, 606, 627-636: age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 36&-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i^ 447-460. Irish: Definition, i, 248-250; language, i, 248, 249; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 249, 250, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 10&-109; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 46^ 467, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on literacy, i, 446, 447, 771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 751; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 825, 834; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762, 825, 834; in amcul- tural pursuits, i, 799-801, 825. 834; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 825; in Duild- inff trades, i, 789. 790, 825; m clerical pursuits, i, 789, 791, 792, 814, 815, 825; in collar, cuff, and snirt manufacturing, i, 834; in cotton mills, i, 825, 834; in domestic and personal service, i, 655, 804-806, 825, 834; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785. 825; laborers, i, 780, 781, 825; in laundries, i, 834; in manufacturing ana mechanical pursuits, i, 825, 834; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 783, 825; in ne^le trades, i, 808, 809, 834; in paper and pulp mills, i, 834; peddlers, i, 825, 834; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 825, 834; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817, 825, 834; in silk mills, i, 834; steam railroad employees, i, 825; teachers, i, 819, 820, 834; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812, 825, 834; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 826, 834; in trade and transportation, i, 825, 834; in woolen mills, i, 834; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-767: family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekcm/ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, li, 258-262, 270-275, 277; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238-244, 248, 249, 270; crime, ii, 164, 174, 179, 181, 182, 189-193, 19^ 204, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-61, 64^72, 76-82; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175^ 438-447, 770, 771; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 457-500; location of wife, i, 469, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apart- ments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommo- dations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463: number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 513; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 628: in Canada, li, 611, 614, 625. Iron and steel manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 297, 298; households and employees studied, i, 294. 323-326, 332, 333; male breadwinners engaged in, i, 783- 786, 821-829; earnings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394; fewer skilled and specialiBed employees than formerly, i, 495; Japanese in plant at Pueblo, Colo., i, 6^. Iron ore mining: Households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333; earn- ings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394. Israelite. See Hebrew. Italian: Definition, i, 260-263; number of persons speaking, i, 236; number of immi- pfrants admitted, i, 214, 216, 252; population in Europe, i, 213, 250-262; number in United States, i, 262; number in France, i, 240; communities and persons studied in agriculture, i, 651, 669, 560; ages of charity patients, ii, 286-290; length of red- dence of students, ii, 84, 86; length of residence of charity patients, ii, 263-266. 