None
QUARANTINE. 785 Article XI. — There exists no merchandise which is of itself capable of transmitting plague, cholera, or yellow fever. It only becomes dangerous in case it is soiled by pestous or choleraic pro- ducts, or, in the case of yellow fever, when such merchandise may harbor mosquitoes. Article XII. — No merchandise or objects shall be subjected to disinfection on account of yellow fever, but in cases covered by the previous article the vehicle of transportation may be subject to fumi- gation to destroy the mosquitoes. In the case of cholera and plague, disinfection should only be applied to merchandise and objects which the local sanitary authority considers as infected. Nevertheless, merchandise or objects may be subjected to disin- fection, or prohibited entry, independently of all proof that they may or may not be infected. ♦ ♦ 4( 4c 4c Article XIII. — In the case of cholera and plague there is no reason to forbid the transit through an infected district of merchan- dise and objects which are so packed that they are not exposed to infection in transit. In like manner, when merchandise or objects are so transported that, in transit, they cannot come in contact with soiled objects, their transit across an infected territorial area should not be an obstacle to their entry into the country of destination. ***** Article XVI. — Letters and correspondence, printed matter, books, newspapers, business papers, etc. (postal parcels not in- cluded), are not to be submitted to any restriction or disinfection. In case of yellow fever, postal parcels are not to be subjected to any restriction or disinfection. ***** Article XIX. — Baggage. In the case of soiled linen, bed cloth- ing, clothing and objects forming a part of baggage or furniture coming from a territorial area declared infected, disinfection is only to be practised in cases where the sanitary authority considers them as contaminated. There shall be no disinfection of baggage on account of yellow fever. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE MORE RECENT AND USEFUL WORKS OF HYGIENE. MILITARY HYGIENE. Aitken, Sir Wm.: Growth of the recruit and young soldier. 12% London 1887. Ashbum, P. M.: The elements of military hygiene, especially arranged for officers and men of the line. 12% New York, 1909. Biirot, F. St Legrandy M. A.: Les troupes coloniales; hygiene du soldat sous les tropiques. 8**, Paris, 1898. Caldwell, R.: Military hygiene. 2 ed. 8°, London & New York, 1910. Davies, A. M.: Handbook of hygiene. 16**, London, 1895. Duncan, A.: The prevention of disease in tropical and subtropical campaigns. 8**, London, 1888. Firth, ISL H.: Military hygiene; a manual of sanitation for soldiers. 8**, London, 1908. Freeman, E. C: The sanitation of British troops in India. 12% London, 1899. Friedheim & Richter: Taschenbuch fiir den Felddienst des Sanitats offiziers. V, Berlin, 1899. Havard, V.: Manual of military hygiene. 3 ed., 8**, New York, 1917. Hoffmann, W. & Schwiening, H.: Hygiene der militarischen Unterkiinfte; Hygiene des Dienstes. 8**, Berlin, 191 1. Keefer, F. R.: Kirchner, M.: Laveran, A.: Melville, C. H.: Morache, 0.: A text book of military hygiene and sanitation. Phila- delphia, 1914. Lehrbuch der Militar^esundheitspflege. 2 Aufl. der " Grundriss der Militargesundheitspflege." 4% Leipzig, 1 9 10. Traits d'hygi^ne militaire. 8", Paris, 1896. Military hygiene and sanitation. 8®, London, 1912. Traits d'hygiine militaire. 2 ed., 8**, Paris, 1886. 787 788 MILITAKY HYGIENE. Morrison & Munson: A study in troop leading and management of the sani- tary service. Fort Leavenworth, Kans., 1910. Munson^ £. L.: The theory and practice of military hygiene. 8°, New York, 1 90 1. NiehauSy W.: Parkes, £. A.: The soldier's foot and the military shoe. Fort Leaven- worth, 1912. Die Sanitats ausriistung des Heeres im Kriege. 8°, Berlin, 1913. A manual of practical hygiene, prepared especially for use in the medical service of the army. 8 ed. edited by J. Lane Notter. 8°, London, 1891. Rouget & Dopter: Hygiene militaire. 8°, Paris, 1906. Toumade, A.: La pratique de I'hygiene en campagne. 1916. Troussaint & Schneider, G. E.: Pages d'hygicne militaire pour les officiers. 8®, Paris. Viry, C. M. J.: Principes de I'hygiene militaire. 8°, Paris, 1896. WoodhuU, A. A.: Military hygiene for oflficers of the line. 8®, New York, 1909. NAVAL AND MARINE HYGIENE. Duchateau, Jan et Plante: Hygiene navalc. 8°, Paris, 1908. Fonssagrives, J. B.; Traite d'hygicne navale. 2 cd., 8°, Paris, 1877. Gatewood, J. D.: Naval Hygiene. Phila., 1909. Germany: Kaiscrliches Gesundhcitsamt. Anleitung zur Gesund- heitspflege an Rord von Kauffahrteischiffen. 2 Aufl., 12°, Berlin, 1899. ^•^^•^^•""^^•••^ Marinesanitatsordnung. 3 vols., 8°, Berlin, 1893. Holt, J. : An epitomized review of the principles and practice of maritime sanitation. 8°. New Orleans. 1892. Plumert, A.: Gesundheitspflege auf Kriegsschiffen. 2 Aufl., 8°, Wien & Berlin, 1900. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 789 GENERAL HYGIENE. Abbott, A. C: The hygiene of transmissible diseases; their causation, modes of dissemination and methods of preven- tion. 8°, Phila., 1899. Abel, P.: Grundriss der Hygiene. 8°, Berlin, 1912. Albrecht (& aL) : Handbuch der Hygiene. 10 vol., Jena, 1893-1901. Arnould, J.: Nouveaux elements d'hygiene. Enticrement refondus par E. Arnould. 5 ed., 8**, Paris, 1907. Bergey, D. H.: The principles of hygiene. 4 ed., 8**, Phila., 1912. BUUngs, J. S.: Principles of ventilation and heating. New York, 1886. Brouardel, P., Chantemesse, A. & Mosny, E.: Traite d'hygiene. Public en 20 fascicules. 8°, Paris, 1906-1913. Carpenter, R. C: Heating and ventilation of buildings. 5 ed., New York, 1902. Chapin, C. V.: The sources and modes of infection. New York. Chittenden, R. H.: Physiological economy in nutrition. 8°, 1904. Nutrition of man. 8°, 1907. Cimmino, R.: Appunti di igiene. 8°, Napcli, 1905. Combastel, G.: Elements d'hygiene pratique a I'usage des ccoles nor- males, des instituteurs et des families. 12*, Paris, 1902. Currier, C. G.: Outlines of practical hygiene. 5 ed., 8°, New York, 1905. Daniels, C. W. & Wilkinson, E.: Tropical medicine and hygiene. 3 vol., 8", London & New York, 1910-1912. De Giaxa, V.: Compendio d'igiene. 4 ed., 8**, Milano. Dieudonn6, A.: Bacterial food poisoning. New York, 1909. Doane, R. W.: Insects and disease. New York, 1912. 790 MIUTARY HYGIENE. Druche, A.: Bibliothek der gesammten medicinischen Wissenschaften fur praktische Aerzte and Spedalaerzte. Hygiene. 8% Wien & Leipzig, 1899. Duchesne, 1^: Hygiene g6n^rale et hygiene industrielle. 8**, Paris, iSgd. Egbert, S.: A manual of hygiene and sanitation. 8", 5 ed., Phila., 1913. Ferguson, R. B.: Aids to the mathematics of hygiene. 4 ed., 16*, London, 1909. Fisher, B.: Kurzgefasste Anleitung zu den wichtigeren hygienischen Untersuchungen. 2 Auf., 8®, Berlin, 1912. FUigg^ C: Grundriss der Hygiene fiir Studirende und praktische Aerzte. 4 Auf., 8®, Leipzig, 1897. Folwell, A. P.: The designing, construction and maintenance of sewer- age systems. 6 ed., 8^, New York. PttUer, G. W.: Sewage disposal. New York, 1912. Girtner, A.: Leitfaden der Hygiene fur Studirende, Aerzte, Archi- tekten, Ingenieure und Verwaltungsbcamte. 5 Auf., 8**, Berlin, 1909. Gerhard, W. P.: The water supply, sewerage and plumbing of modern city buildings. New York, 1910. Guide to sanitary inspections. 4 ed., 12**, New York, 1909. Glaister, J.: Manual of hygiene, for students and nurses. 2 ed., 12^, Edinburgh, 1905. Greene, A. M.: Elements of heating and ventilation. 8**, New York. Guiraud, L.: Manuel pratique d'hygi^ne a Tusage des mddecins et des dtudiants. 8**, Paris, 1904. Harrington, C. & Richardson, N. W.: A manual of practical hygiene. 4 ed., 8®, Phila., 191 1. Hazen, A.: Filtration of public water supplies. 3 ed., 8®, New York, 1900. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 79I Clean water. New York, 1907. Heim, L.: Lehrbuch der Hygiene. 8**, Stuttgart, 1903. Hooker, A. H.: Chloride of lime in sanitation. 8**, New York. Hough, T. & Sedgwick, W. T.: Elements of hygiene and sanitation, being part II of "The human mechanism; its physiology and hygiene and the sanitation of its surroundings." 8**, Boston, 1907. Howard, L. O.: The house-fly, disease carrier. New York, 1911. Kinnicut, Winslow & Pratt: Sewage disposal. 8**, New York, 1910. Kober, G. M.: Industrial and personal hygiene. Washington, 1908. La Bonnardiire: Precis d'hygiene pratique g6n6rale et speciale; premiere partie, hygiene gen6rale. 12**, Lyon, 1901. Langlois, J. P.: Precis d'hygiene publique et privee. 4 ed., 8**, Paris, 1909. Leach, A. E.: Food inspection and analysis. 2 ed., large 8®, New York, 1909. Lehmann, K. B.: Die methoden der praktischen Hygiene. Lehrbuch zur hygienischen Untersuchung und Beurtheilung fur Aerzte, Chemiker und Juristen. 2 Auf., 8**, Wies- baden, 1901. Le Play, A. & Mesureur, A.: Precis d'hygiene. 8**, Paris, 1909. Macaigne, M.: Precis d'hygiene. 8°, Paris, 191 1. Macfie, R. C: Air and health. New York. Mason, W. P.: Water supply. 3 ed., 8®, New York. Examination of water. 4 ed., 12**, New York. Hotter, J. L. & Firth, R. H.: Hygiene. 6 ed., 8®, London, 1905. Pagliani, L.: Trattato di igiene e de sanita publica colle applicazioni airingegneria e alia vigilanza sanitaria. 8^, Milano, 1905. 792 MILITARY HYGIENE. Parkes» L. C: Hygiene and public health. 5 ed., 12^, London, 1897. Pfetffer, R. & Proskauer, B.: Encyklopadie der Hygiene. Lfrg. 1-8, 8°, Leipzig, 1902-1903. Plicque, A. P.: W.2 Proutt» A.: Reid, Out Rideal, &: Rohe, G. H.: Rosenau, M. J.: Rubner, M.: Precis populaire d'hygiene pratique. 12**, Paris, 1902. Grundziige der Hygiene unter Berucksichtigung der Gesetzgebung des deutschen Reichs und Oester- reichs. 8 Auf., 8^, Munchen, 1908. Trait6 d'hygiene. 3 ^d., avec la collaboration de A. Netter et H. Bourges. 8", Paris, 1904. Practical sanitation; a handbook for sanitary inspectors and others interested in sanitation. 8 ed., 8**, London, 1901. Disinfection and the preservation of food. 8**, London & New York. Sewage and bacterial purification of sewage. London. Text-book of hygiene.' 3 ed., 8**, Phila., 1899. Preventive medicine and hygiene. New York, 1913. Lehrbuch der Hygiene; systematische Darstellung der Hygiene und ihrer wichtigsten Untersuchungs * methoden. 8 Auf., 8°, Wcin, 1907. Rubner, M., von Gruber, M. & Picker, M.: Handbuch der Hygiene. 4 ed., Leipzig, 191 1. Schoofs, P.: Traite d'hygiene pratique; methodes dc recherches. 8*, Paris, 1908. Sedgwick, W. T.: Principles of sanitary science and public health. Boston, 1902. Shaw, W. N.: Air currents and the laws of ventilation. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1907. Simpson, W. J.: The principles of hygiene as applied to tropical and sub-tropical climates. 8**, London & New York, 1908. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 793 Smolensky, P.: Traite d'hygiene. Precedes rapides de recherche des falsifications et alterations. Traduction du russe, avec annotations. 8°, Paris, 1904. Smyth, A. W.: A text-book of the principles of hygiene, based on physiology. For the use of school teachers. 8% London, 1905. Sternberg^ G. M.: Report on building of model houses. Washington, 1908. Stevenson & Muzphy: Treatise on hygiene. 3 vols., London. Thoinot, L. H. & Nordon: Hygiene. 8®, Paris, 1911. Von Esmarch, E.: Hygienisches Taschenbuch fiir medizinal und verwal- tungsbeamte Aerzte, Techniker und Schulmanner. 3 Auf., 12°, Berlin, 1902. WanhiU. C. F. & Beveridge, W. W. O.: The sanitary officer's handbook of practical hygiene. 8°, London, 1909. Waring, G. E.: I low to drain a house. Weill-Mantow, J.: Hygiene individuelle et Economic domestique. 12°, Paris, 1909. Whipple, G. C: Microscopy of drinking water. Boston, 1905. WUUams, M.*. Chemistry of cookery. WUson, G.: A handbook of hygiene and sanitary science. 8 ed., 12**, London, 1898. INDEX Abdominal band, 440, 704 Acetone bodies, 317 Acetylene, as illuminant, 560 field outfit for, 561 Acids, mineral, as disinfectants, 737 vegetable, as food, 313 Actinic rays and their action, 695 effect of color on, 697 opacity on, 697 in relation to clothing. 425 in water purification. 282 Actinomycosis in cattle and man. 326 Administration in the field. 683 Aeroplane in war, 745 Age, as influencing sickness and mor- tality, 20 in relation to physical develop- ment, 183 of applicants for enlistment in U. S. Army, 183 in U. S. Navy, 755 Air, amount of, necessar>', 531 aqueous vapor in, 511 composition of, 509 contamination of, 519, 524 cooling of, in habitations, 706 as disinfectant, 719 passage of, through walls, 477, 536 purification of, in nature, 529 sewer, 565 s>Tnptom& produced by pollution of. 524 principal causes of, 524 Air space necessar>% in barracks, 531 in hospitals, 532 on board ships, 756 Airing of barracks, 492. 534 Albuminoids of meat, 307 Alcohol, food value of, 414 methylic or wood, 417 Alcoholic drinks, 414 in the tropics, 694 in cold climates, 714 Alcoholism, rates for, in Army and Navy, 131 symptoms and effects of, 416 Altitude, effects of, 515 in the tropics, 709 Ammonia, in air, 511 in water, 267 permissible amount of, 268 Amoebae, in relation to dysentery, 47 Ankylostomiasis, 108 cause and symptoms of, 108 prophylaixs of, 11 1 Ankylostomum duodenale, 108 Anopheles mosquitoes, 168 Anthrax in man and cattle, 100, 327 Antiseptic, definition of, 719 Anti-siphon trap, 572 Antitoxins, 27 Applicants for enlistment, 183 age limits of, in Army, 183. in Navy, 755 causes of rejection of, 192 chest measurement of, 189 height and weight requirements of, 187 method of examination of, 193 relation between height and weight of, iQi special disqualifications of, 197 vision and hearing requirements of, 195, 197 in the Navy, 755 Arnold sterilizer, 721 Ascaris lumbricoides, 106, 107 Asphyxiating gases. 121 Athlete's heart, 220 Athletic games and races, 229 Autogenesis, 26 Aviation, requirements for, 197 Bacillus, definition of, 23 aerogenes capsulatus, 14, 272 anthracis, 100 botulinus, 327 bulgaricus, 315, 342 coli communis, 271 comma, 51 diphtheriae, 91 of Ducrey, 122 dysenteriae, 46 enteritidis (Gartner), 328 enteritidis sporogenes, 272 lactis aerogenes, 272 leprae, 102 mallei, loi paratyphosus, 42 per fringes, 14 pestis, 86 prodigiosus, 263 proteus vulgaris, 328, 369 pyocyaneus, 14 795 796 INDEX. siibtilis, 369 tetani, 97 tuberculosis. 56 Bacon, qualities of, 322, 387, 402 ration of, 383 Bacteria, action of, on proteins, 315 on carbohydrates, 317 classification of, 23 denitrify in j^, 601 effect of diet on intestinal, 369 in air, 521 in water, 270 in sewer, 565 in soil, 601 introduction of, in body, 27 nitrifying, 580, 601 of putrefaction, 602 Bake-ovens, 375 Balantidium col^, 48 Ball trap, 568 Barber shop, hygiene of, 248 on board ships, 764 Barrack bag, 490 Barracks, arrangement of, 474 basement of, 483, 485 bedding in, 490 building materials of, 477, 483 care of, 492 ceilings of, 485. 532 construction of, 477, 483 distribution of rooms in, 485 floors of, 484. 493 foundations of. 480 furniture of, 489 improvised, 624 in the tropics, 705 lavator>' in, 486 orientation of, 474. 475 pavilion system, 474 plaster finish in. 480 portable, Ducker system of, 627 Docckcr system of, 627 specifications for. 483 shape and size of, 474 Toilet system of, 474 walls of, 485 windows of, 482 Rarthclemy's pack, 460 Basements, requirements of, 479, 483 Bathing and washing, 246 Baths, cold and warm, 252 cfiFects of, 252 shower and tub, 253 Turkish and Russian, 253 Battles, sanitarv' features of. 745 sanitar\' precautions before, 744 Battlefield, hycricne of, 744 disposal of the dead on, 748 Beans and peas, 357 Bedbug as disease transmitter, 143 destruction of, 495 Mexican, 144 Bedding, regulation, 490 Bedsack for the field, 490 Bedstead, regulation, 490 Beef, characteristics of good, 322 corned, 335 jerked, 335 measly, 325 Bell trap, 568 Belt, cartridge, 468 Benzin as insecticide, 181 Benzoic acid as preservative, 336 Beriberi, etiolog>' of, 115 part played by rice in, 116 Berkefeld filter, 291 Beverages, alcoholic, 414 proportion of alcohol in, 416 in hot coimtries, 694 in cold countries, 714 non-alcoholic, 409 Bibliography, 787 Bilge water, 757 Bilharziasis, 106 Bivouacs, 603 Blackvvater fever, 72 Blanket, regulation, 468. 490 Blanket-roll, 461 Blood changes in tropics, 689 Boiling, as means of disinfection 720 Borax, as food preservative. 336 Boston vent in water-closet^^, 575 Botulism. 327 Bowels, care of, 255 in the tropics, 70Q Bread, characteristics of good. 354 composition of, 355 fermented and non-fermented, SS3 field, 356 hard, 355 making of, 354 ration of. 383 soft, 355 Break-bone fever, 78 Breathing, in exercise, 213 through the nose. 797 Burial of bodies on battlefield, 749 Butter as food, 345 Buttermilk as food, 346 Cabbage as food, 361 Calories, definition of, 3163 Camps, care of water-supply in, 632, 678 concentration of troops in. 583 disposal of excreta in, 636 of garbage and refuse in, 666 establishment of, 632 food and eating in, 677 form of, 629 improvements in installation of, 635 laundry and lavatory in, 666 personal hygiene in, 680 plan of infantry, 629 poisonous plants in, 606 animals in, 609 police of, 681 regimental hospital in. 631 sanitation of, regulations for, 684 site of, 603 duration of occupancy', 682 influence of vegetation upon, 606 reasons for changing, 682 soil of, 605 Campaign or service hat, 436 Campho-phenol as insecticide, 179 Candles as illuminants, 559 Canned meat, 333 Canteen and cup, 470 Caps, regulation, 435 for cold regions, 439 knitted, night, 439 Carbohydrates, amount necessary, 365 composition of, 311 in tropics, 403 kinds of, 311 nutritive functions of, 317 Carbolic acid as disinfectant, 738 Carbon bisulphide as insecticide, 181 Carbon dioxid, how produced, 510 as air constituent, 410 as index of air pollution, 526 effects of, 525 in alveolar air, 525 reduction of, in nature, 511 tests for, in air, 526 Carbon monoxid, danger from, 528 in coal gas, 528, 560 in tobacco smoke, 528 tests for, 529 Carriers of infections, 25 Cartridge belt, 468 Cassava as food, 360 Cellars, requirements of, 479 Cellia mosquitoes, 173 Cellulose as food, 312 Cerebro-spinal meningitis, 90 Charcoal in filters, 304 Cheese as food. Cocoa, composition of» 412 effects of, 413 Coffee, composition of, 409 effects of, 409 value of, in field, 411 Coindreau strap for shoe, 445 Cold, effects of on body, 713 Cold climates, 712 campaigning in, 712, 716, 746 clothing in, 715 diet in, 713 diseases of, 717 stimulants in, 714 Cold storage, for fish, 337 for meat, 332 for oysters, 338 for poultry, 333 Colors and actinic rays, 697 Combustion, effects on air of, 523 Conduction of heat, 544 Congelation, prevention and treat- ment of, 717 Contact filter for sewage, 584 Contagious diseases, 26 Convection of heat, 544 Cooking, effects of, 328 of meat, modes of, 328 loss in, 330 in the field, 371 in foreign armies, 377 range, for the field, 372 outfit, individual, 372 Copper sulphate as water purifier, 288 Cork paint, on ships, 761 Corn or maize as food, 356 Cot, regulation, folding, 634 Cotton as material for clothing, 424 Cotton khaki, why discarded, 429 Cow pea as food, 357 Cremation of bodies on battlefield, 749, 751 Crematories for garbage and refuse: the rock-pile, for camps, 672 the grate, for garrison, 594 (see Incinerators) Creolin, 738 Crcsols as disinfectants, 738 Crowding, effects of, 524, 680 Crustaceans as food, 338 composition of, 339 Culcx mosquitoes. 165 Cuspidors in barracks, 494 Cyanid gas, 180 see hydrocyanic acid, 180 Cyclolcppteron mosquitoes, 171 Cysticercus bovis, 324 cellulosae, 324 Dakin's solution, 739 Dampness, influence on health, 473, 598 in new buildings, 478 in cellars, 479 on ships, 761 Damall, filter, 300 water purification by chlorin, 284 Datura or Jim son weed, as insecticide. 178 Deaths in U. S. Army, 4 in U. S. Navy, 4 in United States, 5 Dengue, 78 Deodorant, definition of, 719 Desiccation as means of preserva- tion, 335 as means of disinfection, 720 Dew point, 512 Diarrhea, causes of, 45 prevalence of, in camps, 44 Diet, the ideal, 366, 370 (see Food) Diphtheria, 91 Disconnecting trap, 568 Diseases, as influenced by age, 20 infectious, nature of, 23 in time of peace, 3 in war, 11 miscellaneous, 120 most prevalent and fatal, 3 nutritional, 114 of tropical countries, 15, 710 of cold countries, 717 parasitic, 105 Diseases of cattle and hogs, 324 Diseases and wounds, losses from. compared. 8 Disease-transmitting animals, 141 Disinfectant, air and light as, 719 definition of, 719 heat as, 720 steam as, 721 Disinfectants, chemical, gaseous, 727 in solution, 736 Disinfecting apparatus, steam, 724 steam and formaldehyde, 735 Disinfection, nature of, 719 in the field, 742 of feces, 743 of hands, 742 of latrines, 648 of rooms, 740 of sewage eflfluent, 585 of ships, 766 of sputum, 74Z of urine, 743 INDEX. 799 Draft, nature and effects of, 543 Drain in house plumbing, 565 trapping of, 567 Drawers, regulation, 433 Dress coat, uniform. 4^ Dress trousers, uniform, 428 Drinking cup, 251 Drinks, see Beverages Dry heat as disinfectant, 720 Dugout as winter quarters, 625 Dust, atmospheric, 517 microbial, 521 in air contamination, 520 in relation to heating, 554 Dysentery, etiology of, 45 types of, 46 prophylaxis of, 49 Ear, hygiene of, 248 protection of, 755 Earth, absorbent power of, 602 Earth-closet, 656 earth to be used in, 656 Eating and drinking, rules in, 406 Eggs as food, 347 Electricity as illuminant, 562 Emergency ration, 389 of the British army, 394 of foreign armies, 395 Entamoeba coli, 47 histolytica, 47 tetragena, 47 Entamebic dysentery, 47 Equipment, requirements of, 453 distribution of, on body, 455 weight of, 453 U. S. Army, 461 composition and weight of, 462 for cavalry, 471 for hospital corps, 471 Equitation as exercise, 226 Examination of applicants, 193 Excavating wagon for excreta, 655 Excreta, amount discharged, 564 as cause of infection, 636 composition of, 564 danger from, 636 disposal of, in camp, 636 by earth-closet, 656 by incineration, 658 by post holes, 653 by sink, 640 by sub-surface irrigation, 591 by trenches, 637 nature of, 564 Exercise, object of, 201 effect of, on heart, 210 on height, 216 on lungs, 212 on muscles, 209 on skin, 215 on temperature, 202 on weight, 216 fatigue from, 207 forms of, 206 in the tropics, 688, 708 in cold countries, 713 lactic acid in, 203 overtraining in, 219 physiology of. 201 regulation of, 218 Exercises, special military, 225 the setting-up, 225 Extractives in meat, 310 Falk's winter quarters, 624 Fatigue, nature of, 207 Fatigue suit, canvas, 430 Fats, amount necessary, 365 composition of, 311 digestibility of, 322 nutritive functions of, 316 reduction of, in tropics, 402 Feet, care of, 242, 249 deformity of, from shoes, 442 Fencing as exercise, 226 Ferrous sulphate as disinfectant, 740 Field baking, 375 cooking, 371 kitchen, 677 lavatory, 666 mess-shelter, 678 ovens, 375 range, 372 Field hospital, 632 Filariasis, 105 Filters, water, Berkefeld, 291 Cincinnatus, 292 Darnall, 300 double-barrel, 305 granular, 304 improvised, 305 Japanese, 303 Jewell, gravity, 297 mechanical, 297 Pasteur-Chamberland, 291 pressure, 298 rain water, 258 sand-bed, 294 Filtration of water, sand-bed, 293 mechanical, 297 air-wash system, 298 rake system, 298 nature of, 290 of sewage, 581 8oo INDEX. by contact filter, 584 by sand bed, 583 by sprinkling filter, 584 Fireless cooker, 374 Fireplace, heating by, 546 First-aid packet and pouch, 471 Fish as food, 337 as larva destroyers, 176 Flannel, properties of, 423 Flask trap, 567 Fleas, as disease transmitters, 145 species of, 145 destruction of, 146 Flies, as disease transmitters, 148 in cholera, 52 in dysentery, 49 in typhoid fever, 34 in tuberculosis, 57 breeding of, 150 modes of conveying infections, prevention and destruction of, 154 species of, house-fly, 148 biting stable-fly, 156 common flies, 156 flesh or blow flies, 157 horse-flies, 157 phlebotomus flies, 158 simulium flies, 157 Floors, construction and materials of, 481, 484 dressing for, 482, 494 hygiene of, 493 Floor space, in barracks, 532 Floor trap, 568 Flour, wheat, 352 characteristics of good, ^$3 grades of, 352 proteins of, 353 Flukes, in meat, 326 F^luorcscin in testing wells, 262 as test for death, 749 Food, amount required, 365, 370 decrease of, southward, 401 digestibility, 321 dynamic action of, 401 in the tropics. 400, 693 in cold countries, 713 on board ships, 765 Foods, classification of. 307 animal, classification of, 318 composition of, 319, 339 cooking of, 328 excess of, 367 proximate principles of, 307 nutritive functions of, 314 nutritive value of, 363 nitrogenous constituents of, 307 vegetable, classification of, 349 composition of, 350 Foot, anatomical lines of, 441 how measured for shoes, 444 military type of, 444 Football as exercise, 231 Foot-wear, importance of, 441 effects of bad, 442 in cold countries, 715 (see Shoes) Foot-and-mouth disease, 327 Forbes water-sterilizer, 274 transportable sterilizer, 279 Forests, influence of, on climate. 515 Formaldehyde as disinfectant, 728 generation of, by autoclave, 730 by formalin and permangan* ate, 730 by lamp, 730 by Munson's method, 732 by para form, 731 by para form and perman- ganate, 732 by retort, 729 by sheet spraying, 731 by simple spraying, 735 by steam chamber, 735 as insecticide, 181 Formalin as disinfectant, 736, 737 Fort Benjamin Harrison, sewacc plant of, 587 F'ort Ethan Allen, plan of, 476 Foundations of buildings, 480 Framboesia (yaws), 103 Freezing, effect of, on organisms in water, 280 Frost-bite, nature and treatment of. Fruits as food, 361 used as vegetables, 361 Fuchsins as disinfectants, 740 Gangosa, 126 Garbage, disposal of, 593 in camps, 667 Gas, coal, composition of. 559 products of combustion of, 560 Gas gangrene, 15 Gasolin as insecticide, 181 Gauntlets, uniform, 439 Gelatinoids, 310 nutritive functions of, 315 Glanders, in man and horses, loi Gloves, uniform, 439 Gonorrhea (see Venereal diseases), 122 Grease, clogging of pipes by. 569 INDEX. 8oi trap. 569 Green vegetables, 361 Griffith water-sterilizer, 279 Grippe or influenza, 96 Ground air, 598 moisture, 598 temperature, 599 water, 605 Ground, danger of sleeping on, 635 Guarana as beverage, 413 Guard-house, care of, 493 Gymnasium, hygiene of, 227 Gymnastic exercises, 221 Hallux valgus, 443 Hair, care of, 247, 248 Hands, washing of, 256, 742 Hard bread, 355 Hat, campaign or service, 436 Havelock, of helmet, 435 Haversack; 465 Head covering, 433 in cold countries, 717 Hearing, examination of, 197, 755 Heart, diseases of, 120 effect of exercise on, 210 effect of overstrain on, 220 examination of, 198 irritability of, 244 Heat, as disinfectant, 720 loss of, from body, 364 effects of dry, 545 moist, 688 effects of, on air dust, 554 of flame, 559 transmission of, 544 Heat-exhaustion, 704 Heat-stroke, 703 Heating, by hot-air furnace, 549 by hot water, 550 by open fire or grate, 546 by steam, 551 by stoves, 547 coils, location of, 552 systems of, 553 direct system of, 553 direct-indirect system of, 553 drying of air from, 545 indirect system of, 553 of ships, 760, 761 use of, in ventilation, 546 Height, regulation, for soldiers, 187 Helmet, as head covering, 435 Hematuric fever, 72 Hemoglobinuric fever, ^2 Henncberg, trinkwasser wagon, 278 Heroin, 139 Hila monster, 612 Hookworm, 108 old world, 108 new world, 109 Horse meat, 322 Hospital, air space required in, 532 construction and disposition of, 498 floors and walls of, 500, 502 field, 632 general, 503 temporary, 505 pavilions of, 506 regimental, 631 standard post, 498 brigade, 502, 503 in tropics, 503 Hospital ship, 770 Hospital tropical tent, 620 ward tent, 622 Hot air, heating by, 549 Hot water, heating by, 550 Humidifiers, 546 Humidity of air, 513 effect of, on body, 513 effect of, in cold weather, 514 effect of, in hot weather, 514 indoor, 545 of ships, 760 Humus, nature of, 597 Huts, log, 624 excavated or dugouts, 625 Hydric trap, 572 Hydrocarbons or fats, 311, 322, 402 functions of, 316 Hydrocyanic acid as insecticide, 180 in disinfection of ships, 766 Hydrophobia, 99 Hygiene, nature and scope of, XV military, scope and aims of, XVHI of battlefield, 744 of toilet rooms, 576 Hygroscopicity of fabrics, 421 Hymenolepis nana, 106 Tee, ration of, 386 Ice-cream, 344 Identification record, 200 tag, 462, 749 Illuminants, 559 relative cost of, 563 vitiation of air by, 559 Immunity, nature and kinds of. the Harris, 66i the Jones, 660 the Lewis and Kitchen, 665 the McCall, 658 the Q. M. Corps, 663 Incinerators for garbage and refuse, 668 the Caldwell, 672 company or kitchen, 668 the Guthrie, 671 rock-pile, 672 railroad-iron, 675 Infection, production of, 26 Infectious diseases, 23, 680 marked decrease of, 12 Infirmary, 631 Influenza, 96 Inlets, fresh air, 541 Insects as disease-transmitters, 143 in barracks, 494 Insecticides, 178 Insolation, 702 Inspection, physical, 127 in the Navy, 764 Interaction of food and work, 407 Intercepting trap, 568 Intestinal flora, how affected by diet, 369 Intestinal parasites, 106 Iodine as water purifier, 283 Irrigation in sewage disposal, 581 Irritable heart, 244 Itch or scabies, 112 camp, 112 dhobie, 112 Japanese field cooking stove, 378 pocket stove, 717 filter, 303 Jerusalem artichoke as food, 339 Jigger or sand flea, 146 Kala-azar, 103 Kephir as food. 346 Kidneys, overstrain of, 206, 221, 368 Kit, surplus. 465 field, 465 Kitchen, care of, 495 ambulant, 378 field, 677 improvised, in camp, 371 Kitchen pit, for liquid wastes, 667 Knapsack, 457 Kola nut. as stimulant, 413 Koumiss, 346 Lactic acid in muscle and blood, 203 action of, 204 Latrines, in camp, 631, 636 danger from, 636 disinfection of, 648 earth-closet, 656 firing of, 649 pit (see Sinks), 640 police of, 648 post-hole, 653 sanitary trough, 653 spraying of, 650 trench, 637 Latrine box, 643 the Havard, 643 the Lyster, 645 the standard, 645 the Straub, 645 Laundry in garrison, 254 in field, 666 Lavatory in garrison, 250 in field, 666 Leggins, uniform, 450 Leishmaniasis, 103 Lentils as food, 357 Leprosy, 102 quarantine regulations in, 780 Lice as disease transmitters, 144 destruction of, 145 species of, 144 Light and lighting, 557 effects of, 557 location of, 558 Lime as disinfectant, 739 bisulphide as insecticide, 181 chloride (chlorinated), 2S3 as disinfectant. 738 as water purifier, 283 as sewage sterilizer, 586 in treatment of wounds. 730 hypochlorite, 2S3 milk of, 739 Liquid wastes, disposal of, 668, 670. 671 Liver, abscess of, 49 effect of food excess on, 401, 6)3 effect of alcohol on, 416 Lizards, as poisonous animals, 612 Lockers for squad-rooms, 490 Lockjaw or tetanus, 97 Log huts, 624 Luminosity in flame, 559 Lysol, 738 Maize as food, 356 Malarial fevers, etiology of. 64 human cycle of parasites in, 65 mosquito cycle of parasites in. 67 parasites of, 64 INDEX. 80.^ prevalence of, 63 prophylaxis of, 67, 71 Malta fever, 80 Manchineel as poisonous plant, 608 Mansonia mosquitoes, 167 Manual of arms as exercise, 22s Manure, treatment of, 154, 674 March, forced, 234 general remarks, 233 rate and length of, 237 regulation of, 237 water drinking on the, 239 Marching, flexion step in, 235 in the tropics, 708 steps used in, 234 work done in, 244 Marine hygiene, 752 Marshes near camps, 604 Mate as beverage, 413 Mattress, regulation, 490 Measles, 94 German, 95 Meat, roasting or baking of, 329 boiling of, 329 broiling of, 329 canning of, 333 characteristics of good, 322 composition of, 319 constituents of, 318 cooking of, 328 desiccation of, 335 digestibility of, 321 extracts, 331 extractives, 318 frying of, 330 loss by cooking, 330 parasites of, 324 poisoning by, 327 preservation of, 331 refrigeration of, 332 salting of, 335 stewing of, 330 Meat-can, 465 Medical officer, status of, XIX duties and responsibilities of, XX Meningitis, cerebro-spinal, 90 Mercury, bichloride of, as disinfect- ant, 736 as insecticide, 181 Merriam pack, 459 Mess, company and general, 486 Mess kit, individual, 462 Mess-room, care of, 495 Mess shelter, for camps, 67S Methylic alcohol, 417 Meyer line in foot, 442 Micro-organisms in air, 521, 522 Milk; as medium for bacteria, 340 composition of, 340 diseases transmitted by, 341 dried or powdered, 344 examination of, 343 lactic bacilli in, 342 pasteurization of, 344 sterilization of, 343 toxic substances in, 341 Milk of lime as disinfectant, 739 Mites as disease transmitters, 141 Mittens, regulation, 439 Modern warfare, 745 prominent features in, 745 Moisture in heated air, 545 in walls of new building, 478, 479 in soil, 598 Mollusks as food, 337 composition of, 339 Morbidity and mortality in military service, i in the Navy, 4 in time of peace, 3 in tropical countries, 15 in war. 6 Morphine habit, 138 Mortality, decrease of, XVI from disease and wounds com- pared, 8 in U. S. Army, 4 in U. S. Na\y, 4 influence of age on, 20 of length of service on, 20 of climates and stations on, 20 of race on. Naval hygiene, 752 characteristics of, 752 statistics of, 753 Necator Americanus, 109 Night marches, 239, 708 Night urinals, 652 Nitrates in water, signihcance of, 269 Nitrites in water, significance of, 268 Nitrogen in nature, 510 Nitrogenous diet, excess of, 368 Non-effective rates, 5 Nucleo-protein, 308 Nuts as food, 362 Nyssorhyncus mosquitoes, 172 Oatmeal as food, 356 Ocean, influence of, on climate, 515 Oil, linseed, for floors, 482 Oil, mineral, for lighting, 559 for destruction of mosquitoes, 175 for latrine disinfection, 649 Oleomargarin as food, 346 Olive-drab cotton cloth, 429 Olive-drab flannel shirt, 430 Onions as food, 361 Outlets, ventilating, 541 Ovens, field, for baking, 375 improvised, 376 Overcoat, regulation, 431 for cold climates, 432 Overshirts, regulation, 433 Overshoes, regulation, 450 Overstrain in exercise, 220 Overtraining in exercise, 219 Oxygen, for animals and plants, 509 Oxygenation of blood, effect of hot climates on, 690 effect of high altitudes on, 515 Oxyuris vermicularis, 106 Oysters as food, ^^7 Ozone, as air constituent, 511 as disinfectant, 736 as water purifier, 281 effect of heat on, 554 Pack-carrier, 465 Pack, composition of, 462 Pack, Merriam, 459 Pain de guerre, French army, 355 Pain biscuitc, French army, 356 Panama Canal Zone, 16 rates of diesase and death, 16 results obtained in, 692 Papataci fever, 8t Papering, walls and ceilings, 481 Paragonomiasis, 106 Parasites, of circulatory system, 105 intestinal, 106 skin, 112 Paratyphoid fever, 42 Pasteurization of milk, 343 Pavilion wards, 506 Peanuts as food, 362 Peas as food, 357 Pectin as food, 312 Pediculus, species of, 144 destruction of, 145 Pellagra, 114 Pemmican as food, 335, 714 Pemphigus contagiosus, 113 Permanganate as water purifier, 288 Permeability of fabrics, 420 of soils, 597, 598 Personal hygiene, 246 in the field, 680 on board ships, 762 Perspiration, in hot climates, 687 Petroleum, as illuminant, 559 to destroy bedbugs, 495 to destroy mosquitoes, 175 to disinfect latrines, 649 Phagoc3rtosis, 27 Physical training, 221 for officers, 224 Picket line, care of, 674 Pied force, 242 Pignet's index, 191 Pinole as food, 356 Plague, types of, 85 cause of, 86 diagnosis of, 88 mode of transmission, 86 prophylaxis, 88 quarantine regulations. 777 Plasmodium parasites, 64 Plaster and plastering, 478, 479, 480 Plumbing fixtures, 565 Plumbing system, 565 Pneumonia, 62 Poisonous plants. 80s Preservatives, food, 336 Prismatic glass in windows, 559 Privy (see Latrines) the L. R. S. sanitary, 591 Proteins, amount necessary, 365, 370 bacterial decomposition of, 315 composition and nature of, 308 danger of excess of, 368 digestibility of, 321 experiments regarding, 367 kinds of, 307 nutritive functions of, 314 reduction of, reasons for, 368 in the tropics, 402, 693 Protozoa, 24 Proximate principles of food, 306 Psilosis or sprue, 50 Ptomains, 327 Pulses as food, 357 Purin bodies, 309 Puttees, 450 Pyrethrum as insecticide, 178 Pyrofume as insecticide, 179 Quarantine, definition and object, 774 interstate, 780 maritime, 775 municipal, 782 camp of detention in, 781 sanitary cordon in, 781 Quarantinable diseases, 774 special regulations for, 776-780 (see Sanitary convention) Rabies or hydrophobia, 99 Race, influence of, 18 Radiation of heat, 544 from body and clothing, 364, 422 Radiation, solar, 517, 695 Radiators, location of, 552 Range, cooking, for field, 2^2 Ratio of killed to wounded, 14 Ration, Army, 383 conclusions regarding the, 396 emergency, 389 field, 388 Filipino, 388 garrison. 383 composition of components, 310 value in calories, 384 in foreign armies, 39i British army, 393 Chinese army, 398 French army, 391 German army, 393 Japanese army, 394 Russian army, 394 in the tropics, 400 conditions affecting, 400 reserve (haversack), 387 savings of, how expended, 398 trail, 390 travel, 386 U. S. Navy, 390 Recruiting, 182 (see Applicants for enlistment) in the Navy, 755 Recurrent fever, 83 ' Red bug, 141 Refrigeration, 332 (see Cold storage) Refuse in camps, disposal of, 666 Relapsing fever, 83 Respiration, vitiation of air by, 519 in the tropics, 690 Rhus or sumach, 606 Rice as food, 357, 405 in etiology of beriberi, 116 structure and composition of, 116 Ridge ventilation, 539 Ringworm, 112 tropical, 112 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 84 Roofing of buildings, 483, 485 Room disinfection, 740 Roots as food, 360 Rubeola or measles, 94 Rules in eating and drinking, 406 Running drill as exercise, 226 Russian ambulant kitchen, 378 Russian stove, 548 Saccharin, 312 Salts, mineral, as food, 314 Sanatorium for tuberculosis. 60 Sanitary cart, 668 Sanitary convention of American re- publics, 783 Sanitary inspector, 683 Sanitary rules in the field, 677 Sanitary service, regulation of, 683 Sanitary squads, 684 Sanitas trap, 571 Scabies or itch. 141 cause of, 141 Scarlet fever. Service uniform, 429 Service at the front, 747 Service in cold climates, 712 (see Cold climates) Service in warm climates, 686 (see Tropics) Sewage, biological treatment of, 580 by irrigation, 581 by filtration, 581, 583 chemical treatment of, 579 composition of, 578 definition of, 564 discharge of, into the sea, 578 into lakes and rivers, 579 disinfection of effluent, 585 disposal of, 578 in garrison and camps, 586 domestic treatment of, 5i89 purification plant, 587 stability of effluent, 585 Sewer air, nature of, 565 Sewerage, definition of, 564 effects of, upon health, 565 requirements of, 564 Sewers, combined system of, 577 separate system of, 577 Ships, care of decks on, 761 causes of air pollution on, 757 conditions affecting hygiene of, 752 disinfection of, ^(i^ humidity of, 760 personal hygiene on, 762 sick bay of, 768 temperature of, 760 ventilation of, 758 water-supply of, 765 Shirts. 433 olive-drab ovcrshirt, 430 Shoes, breaking a new pair of. 445 care of, 448 effects of ill-fitting, 442 fitting of, 444 military. 444 requisites of, 447 shape of rational. 446 uniform. 449 Shower bath, in garrison, 253 in the field, 666 Sick bay of ships, 768 Six-day fever, 81 Sinks or pit latrines, box for, 643 construction of, 640 dimensions of, 640 location of, 640 objections to, 651 police and disinfection of. 648 use of paper in, 648 Siphonage in traps, cause of, 569 prevention of, 570 Skin, effects of washing the, 246 functions of, 246 parasites of, 112 pigment of, 700 vitiation of air by, 520 Sleeping bag, 468, 716 Sleeping sickness, 104 Slicker for mounted troops, 468 Smallpox or variola, 92 quarantine regulations in, 779 Smell, in air pollution, 524. 526 Smoking habit, 133 Snakes as poisonous animals, 610 Snake bite, treatment of. 611 Snow blindness, 558, 716 Soap, use of, 247, 250, 742 Socks, regulation, 452 Sodium bisulphate as water purifier, 288 Sodium hypochlorite as water puri- fier. 283 Soft drinks, 413 Soil, absorbent power of, 602 air in, 597 bacteria of, 601 constituents of, 597 danger of sleeping on, 635 effect of vegetation on, 600 moisture of, 598 permeability of, to water, 598 pollution of, 601 porosity of, 597 temperature of, 599 Soil pipe, in house plumbing, 565 Solanin in potatoes, 359 Solar rays, nature and effects of. 695 Solaro fabrics, 425 Soup, 7i^^ Soy bean as food, 358 Spiders as poisonous animals. 122 Spittoons, use and care of, 404 Spring water. 260 Sprinkling filter for sewage, 584 Sprue or psilosis, 50 Sputum, clanger of. 494 disinfection of, 743 Star ventilator. 539 Starches as food, 312 Stations, influence of, on health. 10 Steam as disinfectant, 721 saturated or flowing, 721 superheated, '/22, INDEX. 807 Steam disinfecting apparatus, 724 Steam, heating by, 551 Stegomyia mosquitoes, 166 Step, the flexion, 235 Steps, cadence and length of, 234 Sterilization, definition of, 719 Stomoxys calcitrans, 156 Stove, heating by, 547 ventilation by, 547 Russian, 548 Japanese, 717 Straddle trench, 637 cover for, 639 Streptococcus fecalis, 14 Strongyloides stercoralis, 106 Sub-surface irrigation, 591 Sugar, cane, or saccharose, 312 grape, or glucose, 311 maltose, 311 milk, or lactose, 312 on the march, 240 value as food, 317 Sulphur dioxid, as disinfectant, 728 as insecticide. 179 as preservative, 335 method of generating, 728 Sunlight, as disinfectant, 719 in the tropics, 695 Sunning of bedding, 720 Sunstroke, cause and effects of, 702 Surplus kit, 465 Suspenders, for soldiers, 426 Sweater, regulation. 431 Sweet potatoes as food, 360 Swimming as exercise, 227, 763 Swimming pool, hygiene of, 228 Symptomatic anthrax, loi Syphilis, cause of, 122 diagnosis of, 125 prophylaxis of, 126 statistics of. 123 from tattooing, 764 Tag, identification, 462, 749 Taenia saginata, 324 solium, 324 Tannier as food. 360 Taro as food, 360 Tattooing, danger from, 764 Tea, composition of, 410 preparation of, 410 value of, in the field, 411 Teeth, care of, 247 Tempelhof hospital, Berlin, 507 Temperature, of body, in tropics, 690 of air, indoor, 545 variations of, 686 of ships, 760 Tents, common, 616 conical, 617 cooling of, 707 ditching of, 633 flooring of, 615 general considerations, 614 Herbet, 623 hospital, tropical, 620 hospital ward, 622 pyramidal, 620 shelter, 615 shifting of, in camp, 682 spacing of, 629 storage, 623 Toilet, 623 tortoise, 623 ventilation of, 614 wall, large, 616 small, 617 Terrazo floors, 481 Tetanus or lockjaw, 97 Textile fibers, 419 Three-day fever, 81 Ticks as disease transmitters, 141 species of, 142 Tinea circinata or ringworm, 112 imbricata or tropical ringworm, 112 Tirotoxicon, 341 Tobacco, use and effects of, 133 composition of, 133 Toilet of the soldier, 247 Toilet paper, in camps, 648 Toilet room, hygiene of, 576 Toilet pavilion, 474 Tomatoes as food, 361 Tonsillitis, 4, 555 Tooth-powders, 248 Toxins, 27 Training, physical, 221 for officers, 224 Training stations in Navy, 755 Transports, bunks on, 757 space on, 756 ventilation of, 757 Traps, back-pressure in, 570 anti-siphon, 572 common forms of, 567 depth of seal in, 567 grease, 569 loss of seal in, 569 non-siphoning, 571 object of, 567 sanitas, 571 siphonage of, 569 venting of, 570 Travel ration, 3&S Trench foot, 121, 747 So8 INDEX. Trench hygiene, 746 Trenches as straddle sinks, 657 Treponema (or spirochxte), 24 pallidum of syphilis, 122 pertenue of yaws, 103 Trichina spiralis, 325 Trichuris trichiura or whipworm, 106 Tricresol as disinfectant, 738 Tropical diseases, 15, 710 Tropical sore, 103 Tropics, barracks in, 705 cooling of, 706 beverages in, 694 blonds and brunettes in, 701 care of bowels in, 709 chilling of body in, 708 climatic features of, 687 clothing in, 704 diet for the, 402 effects of proteid diet in, 402 exercise in, 688, 708 fats in, 402 food in, 693 danger of excess of, 693 glare in, 557, 702 head-gear in, 704 heat dissipation in, 687 mfluence of, on blood, 689 on nervous system, 691 on pulse, 6qo on respiration, 689 on body temperature, 690 on weight, 691 length of service in, 692 marching in, 708 rarefaction of air in, 6(X) skin pigmentation in, 700 tents in, 707 ventilation of barracks in, 705 water cooling in, 706 Trough latrine, 653 advantages and objections, 655 Trousers, uniform, 428, 451 Trypanosomiasis, 104 Tse-tse fly, 104, 156 Tuberculosis, cause of, 56 in cattle, 326 mode of infection in, 57 prevalence of, 54 prophylaxis of, 58 sanatorium treatment of, 59 Tubers as food, 358 Typhoid bacillus, 30 in feces and urine, 31 transmission of, 32 by flies, 34 by contact, 33 by clothing and tentage, 33 by water, 34 T3rphoid fever, in the Army, 29 prophylaxis of, 38 statistics of, 36 susceptibility to, 37 vaccination against, 39 Typho-malarial fever, 30 T)i)hus fever, 81 etiology of, 82 former prevalence of, 11 quarantine regulations in, 779 Ultra-violet or actinic rays, 695 in water purification, 282 in illumination, 558 Underclothing, requirements of, 423 materials used for, 423 orange-red, 697 regulation, 433 Undershirts, regulation, 433 Uniform, requirements of, 426 color of the, 426 Uniforms in U. S. 540 INDEX. 809 downward system, 540 upward system, 540 eflfect of chimneys on, 539 effect of heat on, 534 eflfect of stoves on, 539 inlets for, 541 position and size of, 541 natural, 534 devices to promote, 537 forces governing, 534 on board ships, 756 outlets for, 541 position and size, 541 ridge. 539 Ventilators, kinds of, 538 Ventinp of traps, 570 Vermin in barracks 494 Vision requirements, in Army, 195 in Navy, 775 \' itality, effect of service on, 747 Vclunteers, losses by disease in, 182 Wainscoting in barracks, 490 Walls, dampness of, 478, 479 permeability of, 477, 536 plastering and finishing of, 480, 4«5 thickness of, 477 Waring system of disposal, 591 Warm climates, 686 (see Tropics) Wastes, disposal of, 593, 667 Waste-pipes in house plumbing, 565 Water, ammonia in, 267 bacterial indicators in, 272 bacterial examination of, 270 chemical examination of, 264 chlorine in, 267 distilled. 280 drinking of, on the march, 239 at meal, 406 in the tropics, 694 evaporation of, to cool air, 706 external qualities of. 263 hardness in, 265 lake. 2f.o metals in. 266 microscopic examination, 270 nitrates in, 269 nitrites in, 268 organic matter in, 266 pathogenic organisms in, 271 purification of, 273 by chemical means, 281 by cold, 280 by filtration. 290 by heat, 273 by sunligbt, 260, 720 quantity of, required, 257 rain, 258 river, 259 self-purification of, 259 spring, ^ sterilizers, objections to, 279 the Forbes, 274 the Griffith, 279 wagon, on the march, 241 wheeled-sterilizers, 277 Water bag, sterilizer, 286 Water-closets, fixtures, 572 hopper, 574 requirements of, 572 short-hopper, 574 siphon -jet, 574 wash-down, 574 wash-out, 574 Water-gas, as illuminant, 559 Waterproofing of clothing, 432 of shoes, 448 Water-supply, in camps, 632, 678 on board ships, 765 Water-wagons ,241, 277 Weight, as affected by exercise, 216 for applicants, 188 in relation to height, 189 loss of, in the tropics, 691 Wells, construction of, 261 location of, 262 pollution of, 261 tubular, 263 Welsbach gas-burner, 560 Wheat. 351 flour of, 352 Wheeled kitchen, 378 Wheeled water-sterilizers, 277 White duck suit, 430 Windows, construction of, 482 double. 483 French, 482 ventilating panels in, 537 Wood alcohol. 417 Woodvork, disinfection of, 74 1 Wool fiber, 419 Woolen fabrics, advantages of, 423 objections to. 424 Wounds by modem projectiles, 13 infection of, 14 character of, 14 Yam as food, 360 Yaws, 103 Yellow fever. 