None
472 Lake-ore, 36 Lancashire hearth, 233 Langen's blast furnace top, 124 Lattens, 211 Lead and iron, 61 Ledebnr, Prof., on welding, 7 Lenticular iron ore, 34 Letting-down of steel, 389 Lifts, 143, 164, 165 — Perpendicular, 165 Lime, 15 — in blast furnace slags, 106 the basic Bessemer process, 505 — Use of in the Styrian furnaces, 16 Limestone as a flux, 104 ~ Fossiliferous, 105 Limit of elasticity in steel, 400 Limonite, 36, 45 Lining of Bessemer converter, 467 Basic, 494 Danks furnace, 291 — Second, for Danks furnace, 291 Lloyd's fans, 194 — tests for steel plates, 890 Loam, 197 — Castings in, 197 Loss in calcination of iron ores, 84 puddling process, 267, 268 rolling of steel, 861 528 8TEEL AND IRON. Lofi» is Biemens-Kartixi prooess, 451 Low Moor ixt>xi, 206, 268 Lurman'g olofled hearth, 188 lUrAONESIA, 15 ^^ MagDecdte, 15 — bricks, lb, 465 Magnetic iron. Analysis of, 38 ore, 31 ^ oxide, 43 — pyrites, 62 Magnetite, 81, 44 Maintenance of a uniform pressnre of blast, 163 Make of iron in the blast furnace, 108, 186, 174, 179 MaUeability, Definition of, 6 — of iron, 7, 204 Malleable cast-iron, 888 — iron, 202 Analgia <tf , 205 — — ^sastings, 282 Cold-short, 9, 53, 60, 807 Commercial varieties of, 203, 200 Corrosion of, 206 Direct production of, 811 Ductility of, 204 Indirect production of, 228, 248 MalleabiHty of, 7, 204 Melting point of, 204 Phoaphoroa and, 807, 883 Production of, direct from the ore, 8U, 213, 217, 222, 886 from pig-iron, 818, 828, 248 in India, 482 steel by carborisation of, 406 Sed-ahortness in, 51, 60, 207 SiUoon and, 207 Specsflc giarilyof, 806 B&ength of, 806, 809 Sulphur and, 61, 207 Trainsverse strength of, 400 Welding of, 7, NL 204 Mallett on buoyanc^ of cast-iron, 166 Manganese, Action of, in steel, 888, 883,395,433 the open-hearth furnace, 469 the basic process, 504 — Alloys of, 394 — in blast furnace slags, 109 pig-iron, 74, 98 pnddhng process, 254 ^ Iron and, 58, 74 ^ Malleable iron and, 804 Manipulation of the puddling process, 261 Manufacture of crucibles, 86 tyres, 617 Marcasite, 58 Massicks and Crookes' hot-blast stove, 148, 159 Mechanical puddling, 886 — rabbles, 886 Eastwood's, 886 Griffith's, 287 Morsan's, 287 PicUes', 286 Whitham*8, 278, 287 — treatment of the puddled balL 300.801 Meltmg-down refinery, 248 — fomaoe, 417 Siemens, 429, 445 — -heat, or No. 6 temper of blister* steel, 411 — holes, 417 — house or furnace, 416 — of cast-steel, 416 — — steel in reTerberatoiy furnaces. 429 — ^pdnt of cast-iron, 66 malleable iron, 2M pure iron, 41 steel, 387 -— stage of puddling, 861 Merchant iron, 809 Consumption of fuel in produo- tionof,860 PiSng for, 843 Metallic sponge from, the Onenot process, 404 Metallurgical terms, 1 Meteoric iron, 31 Micaceous iron ore, 83 Mild centred steel, 616 — steeL 385, 397 Advantages (rf, 408 Unsoundness of, 606 Mill, 800 — -cinder, 66, 860 ^furnaces, 356 — -roUs, 320 MiUs, Belgian rolling, 836 — Four-high, 337 — Reversing, 326, 832 — Boiling, 824 — Three-high, 326, 327 Millstone-grit, 23 Mine, 10, 56 — and cinder pig, 56 Mixtures of iron tar foundry use. 186 Moppinff of orudbles, 483 Moxgan s mechanical rabble, 287 Mottled pig-iron, 46, 68, 66 INDEX. 529 Moulds, Bessemer, 473 — for the fluid compression of steel, 510, 512 Mimdio, 52 N' TAIL rods, 210 ' Native iron, 81 — steel, 81 Natural steel, 4M New South Wales iron-ores, 38 Nickel, Iron and, 60 Nitrogen, Cast-iron and, 385 '— Iron and, 67, 385 — Steel and, 57, 384 Nobbling, 11, 269 North Lonsdale blowing engines, 163 iron-ores, 35 Northamptonslure iron ores, 36 Nose-helve, 308 QCCLUSION of gases hj iron, 41 ^^ pig-iron, 67 steel, 392 Oil-hardening, 391 Open-hearth and Bessemer steel processes. Combined, 453, 454 steel, 445, 447, 456 — melting furnace, Siemens, 445 Longitudinal section of, 447 Transverse section of, 447 Ores, Dressing of, 84 — Iron, 80 — Production of steel direct from the, 402, 403, 406 — Self-fluxing, 104, 136 Ovens, Blast, 143 Overblown Bessemer metal, 478 Overblow of the basic Bessemer process, 496, 506 Onral iron ores, 32 Output of the blast furnace, 180 Bessemer plant, 487 Oxides of iron, 43 O^gen, Iron and, 48 pABBT'S process for the produo- "■- tion of steel, 281 of double puddling, 281 Passive condition of iron, 42 Peeler, 358 II Persberg brands of bar iron, 431 — iron ore, 32 Pemot revolving furnace, 297, 451 Perpendicular lifts for the blast furnace, 165 Phosphorus, Bar-iron and, 207, 393 — Caloriflc power of, 503 — Cast-iron and, 72 — Conditions for removal in basic process, 500 — Elimination of, in the puddling process, 253, 267, 271, 281 — Iron and, 52. 72, 207, 393 — Seduction of, in the blast furnace. 63, 97, 102 — Steel and, 393 Physics employed in steel melting. 432,439 Pickles' mechanical rabble, 286 Pickling of plates, 388 Pig-bed, 129 — -boiling, 11, 248, 252, 259, 267 — Forge, 51, S7 — -iron, 61 Action of acids upon, 69 All-mine, 78 Analyses of, 64, 65 Bessemer, 73, 461, 482 Blazed, 65, 73, 78 Cinder-, 78 Classification of, 75 Conversion of, into malleable iron in open-hearths, 212, 228 Copper and, 73 Crystalline forms of, 63 Effects of other metals upon, 73 from clay ironstone, 492 Cleveland ores, 51, 492, 508 for the basic process, 492. 502 Foundry, 50, 66, 76 Glazed, 55, 73, 78, 99 Grades of, 77 Grey, 49, 63, 98 Manganese and, 58, 74, 98 Melting-point of, 66 Mine and cinder, 78, 83 Mottled, 48, 63, 66 Occlusion oi gases by, 67 Phosphorus and, 72 Production of, 79 Befining of, 238 Silicon and, 97, 72, 99 Specific gravity of, 63 Strength of, 71 Sulphur and, 50, 71 ► Tin and, 74 Titanium and, 73 White, 49, 63, 96 Pigs, 130 ' — Swedish, 130 530 STEEL AND IRON. Paes for rolling, 324 Piling for b«st-iroD, 210 merchant iron, 843 pUtes. 844 rails, IU4 Pipe in hard steel, 506 — atoTee, 144 Diaadyantages of, 151 WestphaJian, 185 Piping of steel ingots, 892, 424. 506 Pistol-pipe hot-blast stove, 149 Plane, Inclined, 164 Plan of bed of converting fomaoe, 408 — — pnddling fnmaoe, 255 refinery, 240 Plate-metal, 245 — -millB, 820, 333 shears, 849 Plates, Piling for, 844 — Strength of, 209 Platinum and iron, 61 steel, 61, 396 Plug-holes in the gas prodncor, 365 Plumbago crucibles, 29, 486, 430 Pneumatic lifts, 167 — process for the production of steel, 460 Ponsard gas-fumaoe, 278, 361, 380, 452 — producers, 867, 380 — recuperator, 880 Potassic iodide, a i^ysic for steel, 433 Pottery-mine, 260, 261 Pouring gates, 201 Preparation of iron-ores, 80 Press for compressing fluid steeL 611 Pressure of blast for the Bessemer converter, 462, 475 blast furnace, 171, 172 Price's puddling furnace, 276 Process of fluid compression of steel, 510 Producer, The ra> 362 Production of heavy cast-iron cast- ings, 195 homogeneous steel iujafots, 506 malleable iron direct m>m the ore, 211, 213, 217, 222, 225 — from cast or pig-iron, 212, 228,248 pig-iron, 79 Bound steel ingots by pressure, 509 — rotation, 514 stirrinir, 514 steel by the carburisation oi malleable iron, 406, 480 Production of steel by the fosioii of bar-iron with charcoal, 430 pig-iron with mal- leable iron, 445 decarburisation of pig- iron. Methods for the, 403, 433 direct from the ore, 402 Methods for the, 402 Panr's process, 281 Puddled ball. Forge train for the rolling of, 319 Mechanical treatment of, 300, 301 — bar, 209, 824 — — Consumption of fuel in tha production of, 860 — steel, 434 Analyses of, 438 Puddler's mine or ore, 34, 259 Pnddling, 11, 248, 254 — Dry, i^, 249, 252 — Fnmaoe, 255 Bicheronx, 280 Caddick and Maybery's, 273 Carinthian gas, 275 Crampton's, 295 Danks, 288 Detmore's, 275 Double, 270, 277 Elevation of, 254 for steel, 435 Gas, 273 Pemot's, 297 — — Plan of bed of, 255 Price's, 276 Siemens, 273, 288 Spencer's, 294 Yerticttl section ot, 254 — Loss in, 267, 268 — Mechanical, 285 — Methods of, 249 — Parry's double, 281 — process, 248, 250, 435 BaUing stage of, 262, 264 Boiling stage of, 262. 264 Dry, 249. 531 Pyrites, WWte-iron, 52 — Yellow, 62 PyritooB ores, Boaatdog of, 86 Pyrrhotme, 52 'pACHETTE fnrnaoe, 136 •^ Bail ingots, 473 — rolling, 338, 516 — tests, »99, 400, 401 Bails from uie Siemens-Martin pro- cess, 451 — Piling for, 344 Bamsbottom's duplex steam ham> mer, 315 Baw steel, 433 Beactions in the Bessemer con- verter, 475, 478 blast fornaoe, 94, 96 Catalan furnace, 221 open-hearth steel-melting furnace, 458 puddling furnace, 249 refinery, 243 Bectangular hot-blast stove, 144 Becuperator. Ponsard's, 380 Bed heematite, 33 Analyses of, 34 — ochre, 34 — shortness in iron, 9, 51, 59, 60, 71, 207 steel, 51,394,395 Bedncing agent, 10 in the blast furnace, 94, 95 Beduction, Definition of, 10 — of ferric oxide by carbonic oxide, 96 — — phosphorus in the blast fur- nace, 53, 97, 102 — — silicon in the blast furnace, 54, 69,99 — — sulphur in the blastfurnace, 98 Becking of ingot-moulds. 423 Befined iron, Analyses of, 244 — metal, 239, 244 Beflnery, 229, 239 — -cinder or slag, Analyses of, 244 Formulae of, 243 ~ Elevation of, 239 — Melting-down, 242 — Plan of, 240 — Bunning in, 242 — Yield of, 246 >- Yorkshire, 242 Beflning of pig-iron, U, 228, 229, 238 — Beactions in the, 243 Befractory. materials, 14 Begenerative gas-furnace, Siemens, 871 Begenerators, 373 — Surface of, 377 Begulator for the blast fumacSL 163 Beheaiang furnace, 355 Bicheroux, 378 Boetius, 378 Siemens, 371 Belining and retradring of converters, 488 Beverberatory furnace for steel- melting, 429 Beversing mills, 827. 390 Engines for, 340 — valves for Siemens furnaces, 374 Bevolving furnaces, 287 Crampton's, 288, 295 Dank8,288 Maudsley's, 288 Menelaus', 288 Pemofs, 293 Ponsard's, 278, 880, 453 Sellers', 288 Siemens, 213, 288 Si>enoer'8, 294 Tooth's, 288 Walker and Warren's, 287 Bising of steel in the moulds, 424 Bivets, 7 — Tests for, 401 Boasting of ferrous silicates, 83 iron ores, 81 between closed walls, 87 in kilns, 88 open heaps, 84 pyritous ores, 86 Bocks, Use of, in furnace construe tion, 14 Boilers, Feed, 838 Boiling, Eifect of cold-, 4, 5 — mill engines, 340 Size uid speed of, 337 — mills, 319 American, 839 Belgian, 336 for steel, 346, 516 — of plates, 211, 330, 383 rails, 338, 361 steel. Botaa^ iqiieeiar, 304 Botation of steel castingB, 614 Boage, 44 Bough pottery-mine, 261 Boaghing roUs, 819, 890 — hole, 181 Baxming-in refinery, 242 — of pig-iron, 129 — -oat Ire, 229, 230. 239 BiUHdan Bheet-iron, 7 Busting oi iron, 42 QAQGEBS, 284 ^ Suopling in the basic process, Sand-hed, 129 — Burnt, 196 — Foundry, 196 — SilioeooB, 23 Sandstones, 23 Sap in blister steel bars, 411 Saw for cutting hot iron, 346 Scaffolding of the blast f omace, 139, 142 Sohafhatitrs powder, 271, 439 Schiele's fans, 194 Scotch twyers, 127 Scouring slags, 110 Section of Bessemer ingot, 606 Self- fluxing iron-ores, 104, 136 goin^ iron ores, 104 Serpentine, 23 Shear-steel, 411 Double, 411, 414 Single, 414 Shearing machine, 348 Shears, Crocodile, 348 — for paddled bars, 347 -> Guillotine, 346, 361 — Plate, 349 Sheds for tempering day, 418 Sheet-iron, Bussian, 7 Annealing of, 9 — -mill, 334, m Sheets, 211 — Annealing of, 836 Sherman's process, 433 Shingling, 11, 809 — hfunmer or helve, 300 — naachinery, 800 Ship-plates, Strength of, 6, 401 Sidente, 37 Siemens and Bessemer process, Combined, 453 — direct process for the production of steel, 406 — gas producers, 363 — Gases from, 869 Siemens-Kartin pvoeen for fliepn>* duction of steel, 446, 449 — melting furnace for crucible steeiL 428 — open-hearth steel melting for* naoe, 446 process, 466 — process for the direct productaon P of malleable iron, 211. ^3 — Begenerotire gas numaoe, 273, 881,871 reheating furnace, 871 — Berolving puddling furnace, 288 — Botator, 213 Sight-holes in producer, 365 SiUca bricks, 21 Analyses of, 22 Silicates, Colour of, 12 — Ferrous, 66 Silioo-ferromai^ranese, 507 Analyses of, 506 ^melting, 508 Silicon, Bessemer pig-iron and, 481« 482 — Cast-iron and, 54, 67, 72, 99 — Effects of, in the basic process, 503 ~ heat producer in Bessemer pro- cess, 603 — Iron and, 64, 207 — Beduction of, in the blast fui^ nace, 64, 69, 99 ~~ Steel and, 894 — Use of, in production of sound ingots, 507 Silver, Iron and, 61 Singles, 211 Single shear-steel, 414 Size of rolling mills, 337 Skimming gates, 201 — of crucible steel, 423 SkuUs, Bessemer, 466, 477 SlagTll — Basic Bessemer process and, 500 — Bessemer, 483 — Blast furnace, 12, 14, 108, 106 Analyses of, 107 Phosphorus in, 98 Sulphur in. 533 GOagB, Befineiy, H 8^1 244 — Scouring, 110 ~ Sulpliur ia, 98, 109 Slips in the blast fnxnaoe, 142 SUt^rods, 210, 399 Slitting min, 210, 8S9 Slurry, 466 Smelting of pig-iron, 92 Soakhig.pits, 882 Gases from, 883 Soft-centred steel, 516 Softness, Definition of, 8 Solubility of pig-iron in adds, 60 Somonrostro iron-ore, 85, 86 Sound ingots produced by pressure, 510 — rotation, 514 — stirring, 514 South Wales process for the oon- ▼ersion of pig-iron into malleable iron, 229 Sow, 129 Spathic iron-ore, 87 Speoiflo grayity of compressed steel, 512 — malleable iron, 41, 205 — pig-iron, 63 steel, 887, 512 Spectroscope, Application of, to the Bessemer process, 490 Sx>eoular iron, 88 Speed of puddling-Tolls, 324 rolling mills, 837 Spenser's reTolring furnace, 294 Spiegel, Analysis of, 65 — Cupola for melting, 470 Spiegeleisen, 58, 74, 99 — Analysis of, 65 — Chaises of fnmace for, 178 — Ores for production of, 38 — Use of, in steel-making, 393, 895, 480, ftc. Spindles for rolls, 321, 323 Sponge, Metallic, 225, 404 Spring temper of blister-steel, 411, 414 Sprue gates, 201 Squeezers, 801 — Alligator and crooodile, 801 — Brown's, 801, 308 — Double, 302 — Horisontal, 803 — Hydraulic, 307 — Botary, 304 — Winslow's, 306 Staffordshire blast-furnace, HI, 116 — charges for puddling-f umaces, 268 — tap-cinder, 280 — twyer, 127 Stampings, 232, 269 Stamps, 232 Steam-hammer, 810, 518 Foondations for, 814 — -hoists, 168 Steatite, 23 Steel, 884 — Action of manganese in, 888, 894^ 488 — Alloys of, 994 — Aluminum and, 61, 396 — Analysis of, 384 — Annealing of, 391 — Bessemer process for the manu- facture of , 4dO «^ — Blister, 411, 412 — Burnt, 391 — Carbon in, 884, 396 — Castings in, 518 — Cast or crucible, 415 — Catalan process for the prodno- tion of, 408 — Cementation, 411, 412, 415 — Chromium and, 888, 396 — Copper and, 5O2896 — Corrosion of, 887 — Crude, 441 — Decarburisation methods for the TOoduction of, 403 — Definition of, 885 — Double-shear, 411, 414 — Elasticity of, 891, 897, 401 — EUerhausen process for the pro- duction of,. 444 — Flexibility of, 400 — Forge tests for, 389 — Gold and, 396 — Government tests for, 390 — Hardening of, 388 — Heaton crude, 440 — Henderson process for the pro- duction of, 4^ — Hom<^;eneou8, 416 — ingots. Unsoundness of, 506 — in the Catalan forge, 403 — Limit of elasticity of, 401 — Manganese and, 388, 394, 433 — melting crucible, 24, 419 funuioe, Siemens open-hearth, 445 house or furnace, 416 point of, 887 ~ Methods for the production of ,402 — Natural, 404 — Nitrc^ren and, 884 — Occlusion of gases by, 892 — Oil-hardening of, 891 — ' Open-hearth, 445 — Phosphorus in, 898 ~ Physics for, 432 — Platinum and^ 61, 896 — Production of, by the decarburi- sation of pig iron in the fiueEj, 4SS 534 STEEL AND IRON. Bteel, Frodaddon of, by the fasion of bar iron with oharooal, 430. pig- iron with malleable iron, 415 direct from the ore, 402, 4^^ * — Puddled, 434 — nuls. Analyses of, 401, 479 Eollinsr of , 838 — Bed-shortness of, 51, 394, 395 — Bieidityof, 397 — Boiling of, 346 — Shear, 4U. 414 — Siemens-Martin, 445, 449 direct process for the produc- tion of, 406 — Silicon and, 894, 507 ^- Soft or mild centred, 516 — Specific gravity of, 387 -- Structural uses of, 5, 402 — Styrian method for the produc- tion of, 438 ~ Sulphur and, 393 — Tempering of, 888, 389 — Tempers of, 398 — Tenacity of, 897 — Tensile strength of, 397 — Tin and, 60, 396 — Titanium and, 396 — Transverse strergth of, 400 — Tungsten and, 388, 395 — XTclmtius method for the pro- duction of, 443 — Wire-drawing of, 387, 397, 401 Sterro-metal, 59 Stopper-hole, 258 Stoppering of steel ingots, 422, 4^. 450, 473 Stourbridge clay. Analyses of, 17 Stoves, 143 — Hot-blast, 148, 147, 150, 151, 155, 158 Strength of bar-iron, 53» 200 castings, 186 cast-iron, 71 — — iron, 208, 209 steel. 53, 397, 399, 400, 401 — Units of, 1 Stripping of ingots, 382, 472 plate for mm rolls, 326 StUckof en furnace, 2E25 Styrian blast fnroace, 130, 133 — method of producing steel, 433 Sulphide of iron, 50 Sulphur, Cast-iron and, 50, 71 — Elimination of, in the puddling process, 253, 267, 271 — in slags, 28, 109, 253 — Irou and, 60, 71, 207 — Malleable iron and, 51, 207 — Pig-iron and, 50 Sulphur, Bednction of, fai the blast furnace, 98, 102 — Steel and, 393 Suspension Ixuks, 4 Sweden, Walloon process of, 229, 235 Swedish blast furnace, 112, IM, 135 — brands of bar-iron, 431 — calcining kiln, 91 — finery, 233 — iron ores, 32 — Lancashire hearth, 238 — pigs, 130 T^J^CINDEB, 66, 266, 276, 279, Formula of, 14 — hole of the blast furnace, 117 — ; Siemens furnace, and siop- ping of . 448 ^ Tapping of the blast furnace, 129 Teeming-holes, 417 — of steel ingots, 422 Temperature attainable in the re- Sl^erative furnace, ^6 — Effect on the ductility of iron, 3 — • strength of iron, 6 — m the tempering of steel, 890 — of blast for the blast furnace, 143 furnace, 101 the Bessemer flame, 486 Temperatures, 8 Temper of steel, 398 Tempering of steel, 888 Tenacity, Effect of annealing upon, 2 hammering upon, 2. 897 hardening upon, 2, 888 — of malleable iron, 2, 58, 209 metals, 1 steel, 2, 897 Tensile strength, 2, 4 Effect of temperature upon, 5 for axles, &c., 402 ships' plates, 401 of iron, 208 — steel, 397, 398, 400 Terms, Metallurgical, 1 Teme-plates, 60 Terre-noire silicon steel, 509 Test-pieces, Forms of, 2 Length of, 3 Testing machine, 351 — of rails, 401 — plates, rivets, &c., 401 INDEX. £35 Tests of the metal in the hasio pro- cess, 497 Thomas, Gilchrist process, 492 Three-high rail miU, 3^ rolls, 327 Throat of the hlast famace, 114 Tilt-hammer, 807 Tin, Iron and, 59, 60, 206 — Pig-iron and, 74 ~ Steel and, 60, 897 Titanic steel, 896 Titanif erons iron-ore, 36 sands, 79 — Smelting of, 224 Titaninm, Blast fnniace slag^ and, 109 — Iron and, 73, 206 — Nitrocyanide of, 142 Tools, Fuddler's, 280 Topping of steel ingots, 424 Tops and hottoms, Meuiod of, 233 — Furnace, 121, 124, 125 Toughness of metals, 8 Transfer method of the basic pro- cess, 504 Analysis of the pro- ducts from, 504 Transverse strength of malleable iron, 400 steel, 400 Trial or tap-bars of the cementation process, 409 Trbmpe or blowing machine of the Catalan furnace, 219 Tube for taking waste gases from;the blast furnace, 125 Tui^rsten, Iron and, 58 — Steel and, 888, 395 Tunnel head, 116 Turf, Use of. in the blast furnace, 171 Tnryers, Hot-blast, 126 — Scotch, 127 ~ Staffbrdshire, 127 Tymp, 117 — arch, 117 — stone, 117 Tyres, KolUng of, 517 — Stx«ngth ol, 401 TTCHATIIJS process for the pro- ^ duction of steel, 443 Ultramarine, Artificial, 109 Ulverstone iron-ore, 34 Unit employed in Bussia, France, Ac., for tensile stress, 2 Uniyersal rolling mill, 336 Unsoundness of steel ingots, 392, 4^4^425^506 Use of the hot-blast, 173 Utilisation of the waste heat of the blast furnace, 121, 123, 181 VARIETIES in the dimensions of the blast furnace. 111, 113 yein-Btuff, 10 Vertical Section oi blast furnace, 116, 118, 119 cementation furnace, 407 Danks reyolTing puddling furnace, 288 Pemofs reyolTing puddling furnace, 254 puddling furnace, 254 re-heating furnace, 372 Siemens open-hearth steel furnace, 447 Vessel-man, 466 WABBLEBS of roUs, 322 ''" Walker and Warren's revolr- ing furnace, 287 Walloon process of Sweden, 1:29, 235 Washing process. Bell's, 246 Krupp's, 246 Waste gases of the blastfurnace, 181 Methods for the col- lection of, 121, 125, 181 Water-balance lift, 165 Weathering of iron ores, 80 Welding, 7, 55, 204 — Effect of foreign bodies upon, 8 — of steel, 887 Westphalian hot-blast stove, 150 Wet puddling. Wixe-drawing, Elaatio liinit of, 4 — gauge, Bimungham, 211 Wood, Ufle in the blast fumaoe of, 171 WootE,482 Wrought-iion, 208 Y'ELLOW iron pyrites, 52 -L Yield of the Daaio process, 504 Yield of the blast funiaoe, 175, 179 merchant bars, 360 Siemens open-hearth steel farnaoe, 457 Yorkshire refinery, 242 f7lNC, Iron and, 50. 206 ^ Zinced plates, 59 Zones of the blast fumaoe. 100 0A8SILI. Aim CSOHPAirr, LXHITBD, BSLL> 8Atr7AGE WORKS, LONDON, S.C. ao.684 I I V. v:-'. 