None
Calculi-ammonium urate, 833 -calcium carbonate, 834 oxalate, 833 -cystin, 834 -fibrin, 834 Heller's scheme for investigating, 833 hemp seed, 833 intestinal, 531 -mulberry, 833 pancreatic, 509 -phosphate, 833 salivary, 459 -uric acid, 833 urinary, 828-829, 832-836 urinary, scheme for chemical anal- ysis of, 836 urinary, chemical investigation of, 834-836 -urostealith, 834 -xanthine, 834 Caliphora larvae, fat formation, 561 Calomel, effect upon excrement, 529 Calorific coefficients, 888 value of fat, 888 value of proteins, 888 milk protein, 888 starch, 887 urine quotient, 884 Cammidge's reaction for sugar, 815 Camphors, fate of, in organism, 000 Cane-sugar, 49, 224. See Sucrose. Canirine, 578 d-Caprine, 144 Capronica's test for guanine, 191 Capsule of crystalline lens, 170, 617 Caramel, 214, 225 Carbamino reaction, Siegfried's, 1 66 Carbazole, fate of, in organism, 779 Carbohaemoglobin, 287 Carbohydrate (phosphatized), 244? Carbohydrates, absorption of, 532-534 as a source of muscular energy, 598 benzoyl esters of, 202 classification of, 197 Carbohydrates, cyanhydrin synthesis for, 200 effect of gastric juice on, 473 ether-like combinations, 202 fate of, in organism, 885 fermentation of, 203-207 hydrazones, 202-203 in urine, 749-752 in venous blood, 336 osazones, 202-203 phosphoric acid esters of, 204-205 relation to histidine and purines, 202 See Various sugars. Carbolic urines, 728 Carbon dioxide, acids, amino as binders of, 855, 856 effect of alkalinity on content in blood, 856 formation, calculation of, 889 haemoglobin, 287, 853 as a binder of, 853 influencing oxygen ab- sorption, 859 manner of binding in blood, 853-854 mechanism of elimina- tion, 852-853 physical explanation of the giving up of, 866 proteins as binders of, 855 quantity in arterial blood, 851 venous blood 851 tension, 865 tension in tissue, 868 Carbon, elimination in organism, 883-884 monoxide blood, test for, 286 haemochromogen, 288 haemoglobin, 279, 285, 288, 300 methaemoglobin, 286 poisoning, * 285, 402, 582, 679 Carboxylase, 206 Carnaubon, 240, 673 Carniferrine, 578 Carnine, 572, 577, 712 Carnitine, 572, 577 Carnomuscarine, 578 Carnosine, 572, 576-577 Carotin, 631 Cartilage, 546-550 components of, 540 constituents of, 549-550 gelatin, 549 hyalin, action "of trypsin upon, 508 996 GENERAL INDEX Caseid, 649 Casein, 49, 84, 91, 106, 647-652 cleavage products, of, 106 coagulation of, 649 a two-faced proc- ess, 650 theory, of, 650, 651 composition of, 647 properties of, 647, 648 hexone bases in, 165 human, preparation of, 652 of woman's milk, 661 peptic digestion of, 651, 652 preparation of, 652 solutions of, properties of, 649 Casemates, 648, 649 Caseinokyrin, 136 Caseoses, 130 Castoreum, 846 Castor lipase, 234 Castorin, 846 Catabolism of protein, 907, 908, 909, 911 Catalases, 43, 872 definition of, 33 equilibrium constant of, 33 in heterogeneous systems, 36 mass action on, 32 measurement of, 32 of benzaldehyde, 36 of diaceton alcohol, 35 of diazoacetic ether, 34 of esters, 32 of hydrogen peroxide, 35 reaction velocity of, 32 velocity coefficient, 34 function of, 7 Catalysts, 35 Catalytic processes, compared (organic and inorganic), 37 Cataphoresis, 20, 50 Cataract of lens, 619 Cations, 5 Cell-globulin, 274 -membrane, animal effect of gastric juice on, 473 of plant, effect of gastric juice on, 473 Cells, adelomorphic, 461 boundary layer of, 21 cover, 461 delomorphic, 461 lymphoid, 300 mineral constituents of, 22 pepsin, 461 permeability of, 34 rennin, 461 Cellobiose, 231 Cellose, 231 Cellulose, 231 fermentation of, in the intes- tine, 511 Celluloses, 226 Cement, of teeth, 557 Cephalin, 248-249, 605 Cephalopoda, flesh of, 572, 604 Cerebrin, 607, 609-610 in pus-corpuscles, 364, 365 Cerebron, 605, 609, 611-612 cleavage products of, 611 preparation of, 611 properties of, 611 Cerebrosides, 605, 607, 609 Cerebrospinal fluid, 360-361 Cerolein, 239 Cerumen of skin, 845 Cetin, 238, 239 Cetyl alcohol, 239, 627, 845 Chalaza, 634 Charcoal bone, ability to absorb trypsin, 703 Charcot's crystals, 871 Charcpt-Leyden crystals, 621 Chemical processes, plants and animals, 37 " Chemical tonus," 591 Chief cells. Chitin, 122, 839, 839-840 Chitosamine, 219, 626 Chitosan, 168, 840 Chitose, 221 Chloral hydrate, fate of, in organism, 777 secretin, 415, 500 Chloramine, 40 Chlorbenzene, behavior in animal body, 786 Chlorides. See Mineral substances. of urine, 758-761 in urine, quantitative estima- tion of, 759 quantity of, 759 Chlorine, in teeth, 558 in blood, 333 Chlorochrome, 384 Chlorocruorin, 299 Chloroform, behavior in animal body, 760, 775 influence upon elimination of chlorine, 760 influence upon muscles, 591 influence upon protein, 96 Chlorometer, 762 Chlorophan, 617 Chlorophyl, 38, 844 Chlorosis, 340 Chlortoluene, behavior in animal body, 783 Cholagogues, 415 Cholecyanin, 430 Choleprasein, 434 Cholepyrrhin, 427 Cholera bacilli, behavior toward gastric juice, 485 blood, 334 perspiration, 848 Cholestanol, a and 0, 446 Cholestenon, 443 Cholesteriline, 445 Cholesterin, 10, 265, 613 GENERAL INDEX 997 Cholesterin, amounts in blood of different animals, 328 constitution of, 445 derivatives of, 446 ester, 264, 360, 444, 445, 613. 844 importance of, 449 in ascitic fluid, 359 in chyle, 347 in lymphatic glands, 366 in lymph, 348 in pus corpuscles, 364 in pus serum, 363, 365 in spleen, 370 occurrence of, 446 of sebum of skin, 845 preparation of, 450 properties of, 446 tests for, 447-448 Cholesterone, 445 Choline, 240, 246-248, 607 in cerebrospinal fluid, 360 in thyroid, 373 occurrence of, 247 preparation of, 247 properties of, 247 Cholohsematin, 435 Chondrigen, 546 Chondrin, 121 Chondrin-balls, 549 Chondroalbuminoid, elementary composi- tion of, 551 Chondroproteins, 168 ,172-174 Chondromucoid, 172, 546-547 elementary composition of, 551 preparation of, 548 Chondroitin, 547 Chondrosin, 171, 547 Chorda saliva, 448 Choroid coat, 619 Chromaffine tissue, 378 Chromhidrosis, 849 Chromogens. See Urinary pigments. Chromoproteins, 92, 93, 167 Chyle, quantitative composition of, 346- 347 Chyluria, 827 Chylous ascites, 358 Chyme, 478 Chymosin, 474 Ciamician and Magnanini's reaction for indol, 158 Circulating proteins, 908-910 Cleavage, hydrolytic, 16 , processes, 15 Clupeine, 110 Coagulation, intravascular, 324 method for quantitative pro- tein in urine, 793 Coagulins of blood, 320, 321 Coagulose, 59 Coaguloses, 135 Coapeptides, 136 Coaproteoses, 136 Cobra-poison, 310, 320 Cochineal, 844 Cocosite, 581 Codfish, eggs, 630 sperms, 107 Co-enzymes, 60 Coffee, action on metabolism, 912 Coilin, 92 Collagen, 92, 549, 551 analysis of, 118 in lymphatic glands, 366 preparation of, 118, 121 properties of, 119 Colloid, 171, 624, 625 cysts, 624 effect of charge upon, 23 effect of various ions upon, 22 envelope, 45 from uterine fibroma, 627 substances, non-permeability of, 9 suspension, electrolytic precipita- tion, 21 " Colloidal nitrogen," 795 substances, preparation of. 14 Colloids, 49 adsorption, 27-30 boiling-point, elevation of, 17 character of, 14 classification of, 15 diffusion of, 18 disperse phase, 27 dispersion means, 27 effects of the different ions, 25 electrical transportation of sus- pended particles, 20 electrolyte precipitation of, 24 emulsion, 15 examples of, 14 filterability of, 17 freezing-point, depression of, 17 hydrophile, 15 in relation to surface tension and adsorption, 24 irreversible, 21 migration of to poles, 21 molecular movement of, 20 optical properties of, 19 precipitation of, 21 precipitation phenomena, the- ories of, 25 protective. 23 relationship to crystalloids, 14 relative size of, 18 reversible, 21 suspension, 15 suspension, precipitation of, 70 Tyndal's phenomenon, 19 ultra microscope, use of in, 19 Colon, effect of extirpation of, 549 Coloring matter. See Pigments. Colostrum, 658 composition of, 658 998 GENERAL INDEX Colostrum of woman's milk, 665 Combustion, physiological heat of, 879 Complements, 69 Conalbumin, 633 Conchiolin, 122, 123 Concrements, intestinal, 523, 524. See also Calculi, prostatic, 623 Concretions of lungs, 871 Conglutin, 878, 879 Conjugated glucuronic acids, fate of in organism, 777 sulphuric acids, fate of in organism, 777 Connective tissue, analysis of, 545 components of, 544 fibrils of, 545 Copper, occurrence in blood, 268, 333 in bile, 416, 433, 440 in liver, 387 in pigments, 299 Cornea, 550 Corneal mucoid, elementary composition of, 551 tissue, 619 Cornein, 122, 123-124 Cornicrystallin, 123 Corpora lutea, 623 Corpse-wax, 560 Corpus callosum, 613, 614 Corpuscles, blood. See Blood corpuscles, colloid, 624 colostrum, 645 Gluge's, 624 Corpuscula amylacea, 612 Cover cells, 456, 476, 478 Crab extract, 576 Crangitine, 578 Crangonine, 578 Creatine, 267 detection of, 576 formation of, in active muscles, 594 in organism, 787 in ascitic fluids, 350 in urine, 692 mother substance of, 574 origin of, 574 preparation of, 573, 576 production from arginine, 575 properties, 575-576 relation of to creatinine, 692-693 relation to catabolism of pro- tein, 574 Creatinine, 572, 573-576 elimination, effect of disease upon, 694 effect of muscular activity upon. 694 effect of starva- tion upon, 694 Folin's colorimetric method for, 697 Creatinine, formation of, in active mus- cles, 594 mother substances of, 693 preparation of, 697 properties of, 695, 696 quantitative estimation of, 697 quantity of, in urine, 692 relation of, to creatine, 692- 693 -zinc chloride, 695 Crenilabrine, 110 Crenilabrus payo, 844 Croners-Conheim's test for lactic acid in gastric juice, 488 Crude fibre, digestion of, 549 silk, 121, 122 Cruor, 252 Cruorin, purple, 282 Crusocreatinine, 578 Crustaceorubin, 844 Crusta inflammatoria, 306 phlogistica, 306 Cryptopyrrol, 430 Crystalbumin, 618 Crystalfibrin, 618 Crystallin, alpha and beta, properties of, 618 Crystalline lens, 617-619 Crystalloids, 13 Crystals, Charcot-Leyden, 621 Cuorin, 249 Curare, 348, 398, 588, 920 CyanhaBmoglobin, 284 Cyanhydrins, formation of, 200 Cyanmethaemoglobin, 284 Cyanocrystallin, 637, 844 Cyanurin, 741 Cyclopterine, 110 Cymene, fate of, in organism, 779 Cyprinine, 110 hexone bases in, 165 Cysteine, 80, 85, 148. 150, 619 Cystic fluid, protein bodies in, 626 Cystine, 80, 85, 100, 107, 113, 114, 115, 116, 125, 148-150 in urine, 827-828 preparation of, 828 protein-, 148 stone-, 148 Cystinuria, 827, 828 Cysts, characteristic constituents of. 624 colloid, 624 dermoid, 627 intraligamentary, 627 myxoid, 624 papillary, 627 parqvarial, 627 proliferous, 624 serous, 624 tubo-ovarial, 627 Cytidine, 180, 185 Cytin, 368 Cytoglobin, 307, 315, 366 Cytosine, 178, 181, 185, 193-194 GENERAL INDEX 999 Cytosine, detection of, 194 Cytotoxin, 69 Cytozym, 319 Deamidation, 411, 536, 582, 702, 774 Dehydrochloride hsBmin, 293 Dehydrocholon, 418, 423 Deniges's test for tyrosine, 154 Dentin, 553 Dermocerin, 844 Dermolein, 844 Desamidoprotein, 78 Descemet's membrane, 171, 551, 618 Desoxyhsematoporphyrin, 291 Deutercaseoses, 129 Deuteroelastose, 117 Deuteromyosinose, 130 Deuteroproteose, 129 Deuterospongenose, 122 Deuterovitellose, 130 Development, work of, 642 Dextrin, 229 hydrolytic cleavage products of, 229 Dextrins, 226 Dextrose, 212. See Glucose. Diabetes, duodenal, 406 mellitus, 403 acetone bodies in, 818 pancreas, artificial, 405 relation to adrenals and thyroids, 406 phlorhizin, 400 sugar eliminated in, origin of, 409-411 Diabetic sugar, 212 Diaceton alcohol, 35 Diamine, 24, 131, 163, 757, 928 Dialysis, 14 Diarginylalanine, 111 Diarginylproline, 111 Diarginylserine, 111 Diarginylvaline, 111 Diastase. See Enzymes, 48, 64. action of, on starch paste, 226 Diazoacetic ether, 34 Diazobenzenesulphonic-acid test for dex- trose, 216 Diazo-reaction, Ehrlich's, 755 .for histidine, 161 Dibenzoylornithine, 161 Diet, average daily adult, 923 for people in different vocations, 924, 927 Diffusion, 1 of colloids, 18 streams, 5 Digestion, effect of extirpation of pan- creas upon, 531-532 gastric, effect of fats on, 481 in the stomach, 478-489 time of, 481 movement of food in stomach during, 479-480 Digestion, movements of stomach during, 479 peptic, 132 Digestion- work, 930-931 Diglucosamine, 220 Diglycyl-glycine, 85 Dihydrocholesterin, 443, 446 Di-isobutyldiacylpiperazine, 142 Di-iodotyrosin, 123 Di-leucyl-cystine, 85 Di-leucyl-glycyl-glycine, 85 Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, fate of, in organism, 786 Dimethylfulvene, 7 Dimethylguanidine in urine, 76SC_ Dimethylindol, 729 Dimethylketone, 822 Dimethyltoluidine, fate of, in organism, 786 Dimethylxanthine (1, 7), 713 Dioxyacetone, 205 Dioxybenzene, 778 o-Dioxybenzene, 727 p-Dioxybenzene, 728 Dioxymethylene creatinine, 574 Dioxynapththaline, 778 Dioxypurine, 188 Dioxypyrimidine, 220 Dipalmitylolein, 233 Dipentosamine, 220 Dipeptides, 85-89 Diphosphatides, 239 Disaccharides, 223-226 Disperse phase, 47 Dispersion means, 47 Dissociation, degree of, 5 Di-stearyl lecithin, 148, 241, 242 •- Di-stearylolein, 233 Di-stearyl-palmatin, 233 Di-tetraoxybutylpyrazine, 220 Dithiopiperidine, 88 Donne" s pus test, 798 Dotterplattchen, 93, 628, 638 Dulcite, 198 Dye stuffs, behavior of living cells toward, 10 Dyslysins, 427 Dysoxidizable substances, 4 Dyspeptone, 472 Dysproteoses, 129 Ear, fluids of the inner, 619 Earthy phosphates. See Phosphates. earthy. Echinochrom, 299 Echinococcus cysts, fluid of, 362 Eck's fistula operation, 398, 537, 542, 680 Edestan, 108, 468 Edestin, 84 cleavage products of, 107 hexone bases in, 165 Eel-meat, 601 serum, 250, 327 Egg shell, 636-641 1000 GENERAL INDEX Egg, white of the, 632-636 yolk of hen's, 628 Eggs, chemical energy in, 639 development of, 637 fertilization of, 639-640 incubation, 637-638 change in solid con- tent during, 638 exchange of gases, 637- 638 Loeb's experiments on fertilization, 639 Ehrlich's diazo reaction, 753, 847 glucosamine test, 221 side chain theory, 67, 71 test for bilirubin, 429 urine test, $26 Eicosyl alcohol, 844 Elaiidin, 236 Elastic substance, action of trypsin on, 508 tissue, analysis of, 545 Elastin, 92 analysis of, 116 effect of gastric juice on, 473 hexone bases in, 165 in lymphatic glands, 366 peptone, 117 preparation of, 117 properties of, 117 Elastoses, 130 Electrolytes, amphoteric, 90, 93 Elephant, bones of, 553 Emulsin, 48, 58, 59, 62, 64 Emulsoids, properties of, 15 Enamel of teeth, 557, 891 Encephalin, 607, 609, 610 Endocrinic glands, 374, 375 Endoenzymes, 52 Endolymph, 619 Energy content of various food stuffs, 886 development, calculation of, 889 exchange, 891 calculation of, 889 metabolism calculation of, 886, 887 Enterokinase, 496 Enzymes, 37-70 action on glucpsides, 62 action, specificity of, 61 action, retardation of, 62 activators, 52 adenase, 703 alcoholases, 875 aldehydases, 875 amylopsin, 501 anti, 63-64, 266 antipepsin, 467 arginase, 682 butyrinases, 266 catalases, 266, 872 classification of. 47 co-,52 deamidizing, 703 Enzymes, deviation, 64 diastases, 266 effect of bile upon, 511-512 endo-, 52 esterases, 266 extra cellular, 52 fat splitting, 501-503 fermentation, 653 formation of, 52 gastric lipase, 476-478 general properties, 48 glutinase, 505 glycolytic, 332 glyoxylase, 584 guanase, 703 heat production of, 54 histozyn, 723 hydrogenases, 876 in amniotic fluid, 642 in ascitic fluids, 359 in blood, 52 in blood serum, 266 in bile, 435 in brain, 606 in fatty tissue, 558 in gastric juice, 466 in intestinal juice, 491-492 in leucocytes, 307 in liver, 386 in lungs, 870 in lymph, 346 in mammary glands, 643 in milk, 653 in muscle, 572 in pancreatic gland, 495, 500 in pancreatic juice, 496 in placenta. 641 in prostate, 621 in pus cells, 365 in pyloric secretion, 478 in saliva, 455 in spleen, 370, 371 in thymus, 369 in thyroid gland, 373 intracellular, 52 in urine, 757 in yolk, 628 lipases, 260 maltase, 266, 458 modes of action of, 54 myosin ferment, 570 nuclease, 504 nucleases, 703 oxidases, 266 oxidones, 875 oxygenase, 872 pancreas press juice, action of, 62 pancreatic rennin, 509 pepsin, 466-476 peroxidases, 872 phenol-oxidases, 875 phytase, 579 polypeptide-splitting, 266 GENERAL INDEX 1001 Enzymes, proteolytic, 82, 266, 703 pseudopepsin, 466 ptyalin, 456-460 purine-oxidases, 875 quantitative determination of, 58 reactivation, 52, 64 reductases, 876, 877 rennin, 266, 474 retardation by charcoal, 62 retarding substances, 65 reversibility of enzyme action, 58 salivary diastase, 456 Schutz's rule for, 58 secretion of, 52 eteapsin, 501-503 syntheses, 38, 39 synthesis of hippuric acid, 39 trypsin, 503-509 tyrosinases, 875 urease, 829 uricase, 706 uricolase, 706 urocolytic, 706 xanthin oxidase, 703 Enzymotic processes, 40 fermentation processes, 41 hydrolytic cleavages, 40, 58 synthetic processes, 58 reactions, 55 laws of, 55, 56, 57 Epidermis, 112, 834, 835, 845 Epidermoidal structures, 837-838 Epiguanine, 187 Epiguanine in urine, 712, 714 Epinephrin, 378 Episarkine, 187 in urine, 712, 714 Epitpxiod, 71 Equilibrium constant, 33 nitrogenous, 906 Erepsin. See Enzymes, 48, 593-494 action of, 493 Ereptases, 503 Erythrite, relation to glycogen formation, 393 Erythrocytes, 275 Erythrodextrin, 229 Erythropsin. See Visual purple, 615 Esbach's quantitative method for pro- tein in urine, 794 Ethal, 239 Ether, action on blood. 273 Ethyl alcohol, action on metabolism, 912 behavior in animal body, 775, 912 benzene, behavior in animal body, 778 butyrate, enzymotic synthesis of, 60 mercaptan, behavior in animal body, 776 secretin, 823 sulphide, from protein, 79 Ethyl sulphide, behavior in animal body, 776 sulphuric acid, behavior in animal body, 776 Ethylene glycol, glycogen formation, 394 Euglobulin, 259 Euxanthon, fate of, in organism, 785 Excelsin, 108, 160 Exchange of force, 871, 877, 879 Excrements, 521, 549, 873, 874 in biliary fistulas, 519 Excreta, regular and constant, 879 analysis of, 880 nitrogenous constituents of, 880 Excretin, 523 Exostosis, 556 Expectorations of lungs, 870-871 Extirpation of large intestine, effect of, 548 Extra cellular enzymes, 52 Extractive Jbodies of brain, 606 of kidneys, 673 of mammary glands, 643 of milk plasma, 647 non-nitrogenous, 579 of pancreatic gland, 495 substances of liver, 386 of muscles, 572-588 Extractives nitrogenous, of muscle, 572 of bone marrow, 554 of bodies of cystic fluids, 627 of testes, 620 of yolk, 628 Exudates, gases of. 857 Eye, fluids of, 615-619 lens of, insoluble protein of, 618 soluble protein of, 618 pigments of, 615-617 tissues of, 615-619 Fat-cells, membrane of, 558 action of trypsin on, 508 -globule, 646 Fats, 38, 232-249 absorption of, 535-540 effect of bile upon, 536-540 acetone formers, 820, 822 amounts in blood of different animals, 328 catabolism in starvation, 894 chemical methods for investigating, 238 deposition of, 920 destruction of, during work, 596 detection of, 237 effect of extirpation of pancreas on absorption of, 539, 540 effect of gastric juice on, 473 effect on glycogen content of liver, 394 emulsion of, 511 fate of, in organism, 885 1002 GENERAL INDEX Fats, formation from carbohydrates, 563 from glycogen in liver, 397 from protein, 560-562 of, in organism, 559 hydrolysis of, 234 human, 559 in blood, 334 serum, 265 in chyle, 346, 347 in kidney, 673 in liver, 384 in lymph, 348 in lymphatic glands, 366 in muscle, 586 in pus corpuscles, 364 in pus-serum, 363 in spleen, 370 in synovial fluid, 362 in thymus, 368 in urine, 827 in woman's milk, 660 in yolk, 630 manner of absorption of; 535-536 metabolism of, in starvation, 894 with an exclusive pro- tein diet, 907-908 muscular energy, source of, 598 of different animals, 559 pancreatic splitting of, 502 properties of, 233 saponification of, 234 storing up of, 563 syntheses of, 60 Fatty degeneration, 385, 560 series, fate of, in organism, 773-774 tissue, 558-564 analysis of, 558 constituents of., 558 Feathers, mineral substances of, 838 pigments of, 843-844 Feces, appearance of, 521, 522 constituents of, 521, 879 pigments in, 522 reaction of, 522 Feeding experiments to show value of different foodstuffs, 904-906 Fermentation, 8, 9, 203, 207 lactic acid, in stomach, 485 processes, 41 test in urine, 803, 804, 809, - 810, 812 for sugar, 803 Ferments, 41 Ferratin, of liver, 383 Ferrine, 384 Fertilization membrane, bringing about, 640 Fever elimination of ammonia. Fuld and Levison's method for testing pepsin, 470 Furbringer's test for proteid, 790 Furfurol, 208-209 fate of, in organism, 784 Fuscin, 617 Gadushistone, 108 Galactosamine, 220 Galactose,..654, 816 structural formula for, 199 tests for, 217 Galactoside, 202 Gall bladder, secretion of, 416, 437 Gall-stones, 444 Gallois'.inosite test, 578 Ganassini's reaction for uric acid, 707 Gas exchange, a measure of metabolism, 927-928 between blood and pul- monary air, 858-870 between blood and tissues, 858-870 in muscle activity, 592 in starvation, 895 methods for the quantita- tive determination of, 868-870 through skin. 849 rise of, 931 tension in blood, 859-868 methods of determining, 864- 866 Gases, in bile, 857 in birds' eggs, 636 in blood, 857, 850-856 in exudates, 857 in blood serum, 269 in gastric digestion, 485-486 in lymph, 346, 856-858, in milk, 657, 658 in muscles, 588 in saliva, 857 in stomach, 485-486 in transudates, 355 in urine, 770, 857 in woman's milk, 664 produced in putrefaction, 515-516 Gastric contents, indicators for determin- ing acids in. 487 nature of acids in, 487 quantitative determina- tion of lactic acid in, 488 test for lactic acid in, 488 digestion, absorption of cleavage products in stomach, 484 degree of, 483, 484 effect of fats on, 481 gases in, 485, 486 time of passage through the stomach of dif- ferent foods, 482, 483 juice, 461-466 action of foreign substances on secretion of, 462 action of saliva on secre- tion of, 463 composition of, 465 •constituents in, 466 degree of acidity in, 487 obtainment, free of saliva 461-462 origin of hydrochloric acid in, 477 secretion of, 461, 462-463 in man, 464 lipase, 476-478 Geissler's albumin-test papers, 790 Gel, 15 Gels, 30-32 Gelatin, 31, 78, 80, 118, 119-121, 152 analysis of, 118 as a foodstuff, 912 forming substances of bones, pep- tic digestion of, 472 forming substances of cartilage, peptic digestion of, 472 forming substance of connecting tissue, action of trypsin on, 508 forming substances of connective tissue, peptic digestion of, 472 from peptic digestion, 473 hexone bases in, 165 in egg development, 639 1004 GENERAL INDEX Gelatin, in protein catabolism, 911 oxidation of, 83 pancreatic digestion of, 508 peptic digestion of, 473 peptones, 120, 121 preparation of, 118 properties of, 119 protein-sparer, 911, 912 Gelatose, pro to-, 120 deutero-, 120 Gelatoses, 120, 473 Generation, organs of, 620-642 Generative organs, female, 623-642 secretions, male, 620-623 Gerhardt's test for acetoacetic acid, 824 Glands, albuminous, 541 Brunner's, secretion of, 489 fundus, 460, 461 Lieberkuhn's, secretion of, 490 mammary, 643 constituents of, 643 mixed, 451 mucous, 451, 460 membrane, in the intes- tine, 489-493 membrane of stomach, 460 pancreatic, 494-495 pyloric, 460, 461 salivary, 451-460 analysis of, 451 Gliadin, cleavage products of, 107 Globan, 104, 276 Globulins, 78, 91, 92, 93, 106 detection of, in urine, 791 properties of, 104 quantitative estimation of, in urine, 791, 793 Globuloses. Guaiac test for blood, 281, 795 Guanadine, 162 Guanase, 48, 188, 187, 382, 368, 702. See Enzymes. Guanidobutylamine, 162 Guanine, 178, 181, 183, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 712 Capronica's test for, 191 epi-, 187 -hexoside, 180 Weidel's reaction for, 191 Guano, 188, 699 Guanosine, 180. Guanovulit, 637 Gulose, 211 Gums, 229, 230 plant, 226 vegetable, 230 Gunning's modified Lieben's test, 822 Gunzburg's test for HC1 in gastric juice, 487 Gynesin in urine, 758 Hsemaphilia, 329 Haemase, 50 Haemataerometer, 861 Hsematin, 289-291 neutral, 215 reduced, 288 Hsematinogen, 296 Hsematinometer, 297 Haematocrit, 326 Haematocrystallin, 278 Haematogen, 629, 637 Ha3matoidin, 871 Haematoblasts, 308 Hsematoporphyrin, 294-296, 844 relation to bilirubin, 295, 428, 440 relation to chlorophyl, 276, 295 relation to urobilin, 295, 440, 742 in urine, 740, 797-798 Hsematoscope, 303 Heematuria, 795, 796 Hsemerythrin, 299 Hsemin; 292-294, 297, 800 crystals, 292, 293, 800. Hsemochrom, 275, 270 Hsemochromogen, 276, 288, 289 Haemocyanin, 92 Haemoglobin, 92, 108 amounts in blood, 328 carbon dioxide binder, 853 exudation of, 6 in blood during pregnancy, 337 in CO2— O2 exchange in blood, 853 in venous blood; 326 transformation into bile pig- ments, 442 Haemoglobinuria, 796 Haemoglutination, 275 Hsemolysins, 69 Haemolysis, 273 Haemometer, 303 Hasmopyrrol, 276,^291, 295, 428, 843 Haemorrhodin, 287 Haemoverdin, 287 Hair, 837 -balls, 524 human, sulphur content of, 838 lanugo, 642 Hammarsten's test for bile pigments, 430, 800 Haptogen-membrane, 646 Haptophore, 67 Hanriot and Richet's method for deter- mining respiratory exchange, 869 Haser's coefficient, 771 Heat regulation, chemical, 929 physical, 929 Hedenius' bilirubin test, 433 Helicoproteid, 174 Heller's blood test, 797 scheme for investigating calculi, 837 Heller-Teichmann's test, 797 in urine, 788 for proteid, 98 Hemicelluloses, 231 Hemicollin, 120 Hemielastin, 117 in blood, 264 Hemipeptone, 130 Hemolysins, 70 Hemp seed calculi, 835 Henle's fibrin, 620 H£nocque's haematoscope, 299 Henriques and Gammeltoft's method for urea, 690 Heparphosphatide, 386 Hepatopancreas, 494 Heptapeptides, 85, 87 Heptose in urine, 817 Heptoses, 197 Heterocaseoses, 129 1006 GENERAL INDEX Heterocyclic compounds, fate of, in organism, 778-787 Heterolysis, 18 Heterosponginose, 122 Heterosyntonose hexone bases in, 165 Heteroxanthine, 187 in urine, 712, 713 Hexapeptides, 85 Hexobioses, 224 Hexone bases, 161 in various proteins, 165 Hexoses, 197, 211-218 syntheses of, 212 Hippokoprosterin, 449 Hippomelanin, 841 Hirudin, 251 Histidine, 85, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 115, 117, 119, 125, 159-161 diazo reaction for, 161 in various proteins, 165 Weidel's reaction for, 160 Histidyl-histidine, 85 Histone in urine, 795 Histone-peptone, 109 Histones, 78, 91, 92, 93 Gadus-, 108 hexone bases in, 165 Lota-, 108 properties of, 108-109 Histozym, 48 Hoffmann's test for tyrosine, 153 Holozym, 319 Homocerebrin, 607, 609, 610 Homocyclic compounds, fate of, in organ- ism, 778-787 Hopkin's quantitative method for uric acid, 711 Hoppe-Seyler's reaction for xanthine, 190 CO blood test, 286 colorimetric method, 297 test for bile acid, 179 Hordein, 107, 156 Hormone, 375 Hormones, 407 Horn structures, 837 mineral content of, 838 sulphur content of, 838 See also Keratin. Hiifner's bile, 419 Humor, aqueous, 352, 359, 617 Huppert-Messinger method of estimating acetone, 825 Huppert-Schiiltz's method of testing pepsin, 468 Huppert's test for* bile pigments, 429, 430, 799 Hyalin, 840 Hyalines, 171 Hyaline substance, 364 Hyalogens, 171 Hyalomucoid, 617 Hydantoins, 786 Hydraemia, 340, 352 Hydramnion, 642 Hydrazine poisoning, 718 Hydrazones, 202-203 Hydrobilirubin, 743 Hydrocele and spermatoccle fluids, 359, 360 Hydrochinon in urine, 727 Hydrogel, 14 Hydrogen, colorimetric method, 75 determination of, 75 determination of, in fluids con- taining CO2, 76 electromotive method, 75 ion content, 75 peroxide, 35 Hydrogenases, 876 Hydrolytic cleavage processes, 40 Hydroquinone, 727 Hydrosol, 14 Hydroxylamine poisoning, 718 Hyperacidity, 486 Hyperglycaemia, 401, 402 Hyperthyreoidismus, 378 Hypertonic solution, 6 Hypnotics and glycogen formers, 394 Hypophysis, 380 Hypotonic solution, 6 Hypoxanthine, 178, 187, 188, 191, 192, 572, 712 detection of, 191 Ichthidin, 630, 636 Ichthin, 636 Ichthulin, 92, 174, 630, 636 Ichthylepidin, 122 Icterne, 413, 428, 431, 440, 441 urine, 799 Ignotine, 576 Ileum, extirpation of, 549 Imbibition, 30 Imidazol derivatives in urine, 757, 826 structural formula of, 186 Immune bodies, 66, 69 Immunity, 63-70 active, 70 passive, 70 theory of, Arrhenius', 67, 68 theory of Erlich, 67, 68 Immunization, 66 Indican, 517, 728 elimination of, 728 effect of putrefaction on, 729 excretion of, 729, 730 quantitative method for, 731 tests for, 730, 731 Indigo-blue of urine, 741 Indigo-red formation, source of, 731 Indigotin in urine, 728, 731 Indirubin in urine, 731 Indol, 46, 82, 117, 157-159, 267, 515, 522, 843 fate of, in organism, 786 formation of, in organism, 728, 729 GENERAL INDEX 1007 Indol, methyl-, 157 tests for, 158 Indoxyl, 724 Infraproteins, 93 Inosine, 180, 577 Inosite, 579-581 in adrenal bodies, 377 preparation of, 580 properties of, 580 Inositogen, 577 " Integral factor," in uric acid elimina- tion, 705 Internal friction, 18 effect of acids and alka- lies upon, 19 effect of NaCl upon, 19 of hydrophile colloids, 19 of suspension colloids, 18 Intestinal fermentation, 512, 513 juice, constituents of, 491, 492 properties of, 491 putrefaction, 512, 513 Intestine, chemical processes in, 510-524 decomposition by microbes in, 513 large, putrefaction in, 515 small, digestion and absorption of various foods in, 513-514 walls of, chemical processes in, 527-529 Intracellular enzymes, 52 Intraligamentary cysts, 627 Inulin, 228 Inversion of sugars, 224 Invert sugar, 224 Invertase. See Enzymes, 48 Invertin, 225. See Enzymes. Iodine combinations, passage into milk, 667 passage into per- spiration, 849 passage into saliva, 457 in blood, 268, 333, 337 in glands, 378, 379 in perspiration, 848 in proteins, 81, 125 lodoform, fate in organism, 795 lodospongin, 124 lodothyrin, 373, 376 of thymus, 368 lodothyrioglobulin, 373, 376 Ions, 5, 70-76 action of, on enzymes, 70 Iron, absorption, 338-339 and blood, 339, 639 elimination, 433, 440, 770 importance of, in metabolism, 903 in spleen, 371 in urine, 769 results in lack of, 895 Islands of Langerhans, 407 Iso-casein, 649 Isocholesterin, 449 Isodynamic law in metabolism, 890-892 Isoelectric point, 21, 26 Isolactose svnthesis of, 58 Isoleucine, 85, 106, 107, 143-145 Isomaltose, 223, 224, 225-226 in urine, 749 synthesis of, 58 splitting of, 58 Isoserine, 146 Isosmqtic solutions, 3 Isotonic solution, 5 Isotropous muscle substance, 564 Jacoby's quantitative method for pepsin, 470 Jaffe's creatinine reaction, 695 Jaffe-Obermayer's indican test, 729 Janthinin, 844 "Jaune indien," 222 Jecorin, 605 in liver, 385 in spleen, 370 Jejunum, effect of extirpation of. 549 Jerusalem's test for lactic acid in gastric juice, 488 Kaolin, 16 Karyogen, 623 Kephir, 518, 654, 659 effect on putrefaction, 518 -lactase. 57. 58 Kerasin, 607, 609, 610-611, 613 Keratin. A, B, C of horn and hair, prop- erties of, 837 action of gastric juice on, 473 Keratins, 92, 112-116 composition of, 113 Ketone, behavior in animal body, 776, 777 Ketoplastic action, 819 Ketoses, 197 Kidneys, constituents of, 672-674 formation of hippuric acid in, 722 quantitative analysis of, 673 relation to formation of urea, 686 Kinase, in thrombin formation, 323 occurrence in intestine, 492 Kinases, 51 Kjeldahl's method for total nitrogen, 688 Klupeovin, 698 Knapp's method of estimating sugar, 812 reaction for dextrose, 215 Knpp-Hiipner's method for urea, 696 Koilin, 115 Koprosterin, 448 Kossel's reaction for hypoxanthine, 192 Kossler and Penny's method for phenol- sulphuric acids, 726 Kramm's creatinine reaction, 696 Kumyss, 654, 659 1008 GENERAL INDEX Kyrin, 137 caseino- 137 gluto-, 137 proto-, 137 Kyrines, 167 carbarn ino reaction with, 167 Lactacidase, 207 Lactalbumin, 91, 652-654 cleavage products of, 106 composition of, 652 properties of, 653 Lactase, 48, 64 Lactimide, 156 Lactocrit, 657 Lactoglobulin, 652 Lactones, 198 Lactoprotein, 653 Lactose, 223, 224, 647, 654-655 in milk, conversion into lactic acid, 644 in urine, 815 preparation of, 655 properties of, 654 tests for, 655 theory of formation in mammary gland, 643 Lactosuria, 811 Laiose in urine, 815 Langerhans, islands of, 494 Lanocerin, 844 Lanolin, 446 Lanugq hair, 642 Large intestine, effect of extirpation of, 548 Latebra, 624 Lead in blood, 333 in the liver, 389 passage into milk, 670 Lecithin, 105, 586 amounts in blood of different animals, 328 from blood serum, 261 in chyle, 347 in lymph, 348 in pus corpuscles, 364, 365 in pus-serum, 363 quantitative determination of, 246 Lecithins, 10, 242-249 hydrolytic products of, 342 in metabolism, importance of, 902 preparation of, 246 properties of, 244 structure of, 242 Lecithoproteins, 92 Legal's reaction for indol, 158 Legumin, cleavage products of, 107 Lense, of oxen, analysis of, 619 Leo's sugar, 810 Lepidoporphyrin, 844 Lethal, 238, 239 Leucaemia, blood, 187, 341, 698 Leuca3mia, spleen, 375 urine, 710, 764 Leucine, 85, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 123, 124, 125, 141-143, 267 conversion into isoamyl alcohol, 206 in brain, 607 in lymphatic glands, 366 in spleen, 370 in thyroid gland, 373 in urine, 755, 827 Leucinimide, 143 Leucocytes, 305 constituents affecting coagu- lation, 315 in venous blood, 336 osmotic phenomena with, 8 See also white blood cor- puscles Leucomaines, 25 Leuconuclein, 367 in blood, 316 Leucopoliin, 609 Leucyl peptides, 85-88 Levulins, 228 Levulose, 217 in urine, 814-815 Lichenin, 228 Lieberkiihns solid alkali albuminate, 126 Lieben's iodoform test for acetone, 822 Liebermann-Burchart's. Lipochromes, 268 Lipopeptides, 88 Lipoids, 241 as a special limiting layer, 10 in brain, 605 in relation to osmosis in cells, 10 sulphurized, 605 Lipuria, 827 Lithium, 22, 333 Liver, 381-450 acetone formation in, 819, 822 amino acids, synthesis of, 382 autolysis of, 387 assimilation in, 381 bile pigments, formation of, 381 blood pigments, destruction of. 388 -cells, reaction of, 382 conjugation of glucuronic acid in, 382 constituents of, 382 GENERAL INDEX 1009 Liver, creatin-creatine metabolism, 694, 695 deamidation in, 382 destroying of uric acid in, 707 ethereal sulphuric acids, formation of, 382 formation of amino acids in, 530 formation of bile in, 382 glycogen formation, 381, 390 glycogen content in, extirpation of the adrenals, 402 glycolysis in, theories for, 408 iron in, 387, 388 " organ plasma " of, 382 pigments of, 384 processes going on in, 381, 382 protein synthesis in, 529, 530 t storehouse for protein, 389 synthetical formation of uric acid in, 705 urea formation, 382 of, from ammonia, '767 uric acid formation in, 702, 703 Livetin, 629 Lotahistone, 108 Lungs, concretions of, 871 constituents of, 870 expectorations of, 870, 871 gas, exchange in, 867 Lutein, 631 Luteins, in blood serum, 268 Lymph, 345-380 amount secreted, 349 composition of, 345-348 coagulation of, 346 formation of, 350-352 gases of, 856-858 origin of, 345 osmotic pressure in, 348 secretion of, circumstances in- fluencing, 349, 350 Lymphagogues, 350 Lymphatic glands, 366 quantitative composi- tion of, 366 Lymphocytes, 300 Lymphoid cells, 305 Lysatine, 160 Lysatinine, 160 Lysine, 85, 106, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 123, 124, 125, 163, 164, 267 in various proteins, 165 peptone, 138 Lysines, 47 Lysylglycylpeptide, 89 Lysyl lysine, 85 Magnesium in urine, 768, 769 triphosphate in urinary sedi- ment, 831 Maintenance value, 897 Maltase, 48, 458. See also Enzymes. Malt dextrin, 229 Malt diastase, 225 action of, upon starch, 226 Maltose, 223, 224, 225 in urine, 815 ? synthesis of, 58 Malt sugar, 225 Mammary gland, theory of formation of lactose in, 643 Mandelic acid ester, racemic, 62 nitrile glucoside, 59 Manganese, 268, 333, 442 Mannite, 198 Mannose, 198. 216 Manonpse, 206 Marcitine, 47 Margarin, 235 Maschke's reaction for creatinine, 695 Mass action, 32, 74 Mastic, 22 Meconium, 523 Medicinal coloring matters in urine, 801 Medulla, 607 Medullary fibers, composition of, 614 Melanin, 617, 842 in urine, 799 Melanins, of skin, 841 mother substances of, 843 Melanogen in urine, 799 Melanoidin nitrogen, 78 Melanoidins, 841 Melano-protein, 842 Melanotic cancers, 802, 842, 843 Membrane, semi-permeable, 26 Membranin, 171, 550 properties of, 617 Menthol, fate of, in organism, 785 Mercuric salts poisoning, 23 Mesitylene, fate of, in organism, 779 Mesoinosite, 582 Mesoporphyrin, 295 Mesoxalyl urea, 698 Metabolism, 878-939 affected by sleep, 928 as affected by external tem- perature, 929 as affected by high alti- tude, 930 as affected by ingestion of food, 930 as affected by light, 928 as affected by mental activ- ity, 928 basal requirement, 897, 898 calculation of, 889 conditions affecting, 922-931 effect of age upon, 922-925 effect of alcohol on, 921, 922 effect of coffee and tea upon, 922 effect of rest and work upon, 926-928 effect of salts on, 921 effect of sex upon, 925, 926 1010 GENERAL INDEX Metabolism, effect of weight of body upon, 922-925 effect of water on, 920, 921 importance of lecithins in, 902 importance of phosphates in, 902 in active and inactive mus- cles, 591-598 inanition condition, 897-898 in starvation, 892-906 lack of mineral substances in food, 899, 900 water in food, 898 maintenance value, 897-898 measured by gas exchange, 927, 928 with absence of carbohy- drates in food, 903, 904 with absence of fats in food, 903-904 with absence of proteins in food, 903 with a mixed diet, 913-920 of fat with an exclusive protein diet, 907, 908 with foods rich in protein, 906T913 with insufficient supply of chlorides, 900, 901 with lack of bases in foods, 901 with lack of earths in food, 901, 902 with lack of iron in foods, 903 with lack of phosphates in food, 901, 902 with various foods, 906-922 Metacasein, 651 Metalbumin, 624, 625 Metanitrobenzaldehyde, fate of, in the body, 784 Metaproteins, 93 Metazym, 319 Methaemoglobin of thyroid gland, 374. See also Blood pigments. Methal, 239 Methose, 212 Methylation in organism, 787 Methylenitan, 212 Methylethylmaleic acid anhydride, 290 Methylglycocoll. See Sarcosin. Methylglyoxal in relation to lactic acid fermentation, 584 Methylguanidine, 578, 698 in urine, 758 Methyl guanine (7), 714 Methylindol, 157 See Skatol. Methylindolin, 729 Methylimidazol formation of, 201-202 Methyl pentoses, 199, 208 Methylphenylhydrazine, test for levulose, 218 Methyl pyridine, behavior in animal body, 778, 781 chloride in urine. 756, 758 Methylpyridylammonium hydroxide, 787 Methylthiophene, 784 Methyluracil, 194 Methyluramine, 574, 694 Methyl-urea, 691 in urine, 712, 713 Methylxanthine, 187 Mett's quantitative method for pepsin, 469 Micro-organisms in intestines, 511, 514, 517, 520 Microrespirometer, 874 Microtonometer, 861 Milk, 643-671 albumin, quantitative determina- tion of, 656 ash, quantitative composition of, 666 casein, quantitative determination of, 656 coagulation, a two-faced process, 650 coagulation of, 645 cows, 644, 645 cows, quantitative composition of, 657 effect on putrefaction, 518 fat, quantitative determination of, 657 constituents of, 647 theory for origin of, 669 foodstuffs in, 666 gases of, 857 globules. 645-647 goat's, 659 human, 660-671 human, compared to cow's milk, 660, 661, 663 influence of food on composition of, 667, 668 mare's, 659 lactose quantitative determination. of, 657 mineral bodies, quantitative de- termination of, 656, 657, 658 of carnivora, 659 of various animals, composition of, 660 passage of foreign substances into, 670 plasma, 647 preparation, composition of, 659 proteins, quantitative determina- tion of, 656 quantitative analysis of, 656, 657 secretion, chemistry of, 668-671 solids, quantitative determination of, 656 souring of, 645 sugar, 226. See Lactose. GENERAL INDEX 1011 Milk, sugar, theory for origin of, 670 quantitative determination of, 657 theory for origin of casein, 668 permanent emulsion, 646 uterine, 641 various fermentations of, 645 woman's, quantitative composition, 652, 653 quantity of mineral sub- stances in, 654 Millon's reaction for proteins, 99 in hydrocele and spermatocele fluids, 359 Mineral bodies in milk, 656 Mineral substances, absorption of, 540 amounts in blood of different animals, 328 distribution of, 72 effect on metabolism, 921 importance to life of cells, 72 in bile, 436 , in blood, 335 in blood serum, 268, 269 in bone structure, 552 in brain, 615 in cartilage, 550 in cells, 72 in cerebrospinal fluid, 361 in chyle, 347 in connective tissue, 546 in cystic fluid, 627 in egg shell, 636 in feathers, 838 in gastric juice, 466 in hair, 838 in intestinal juice, 491 in kidneys, 673 in liver, 387-389 in lungs, 870 in lymph, 346, 348 in muscles, 586-588, 599 in nails, 838 in pancreatic gland, 495 in pancreatic juice, 500 in pericardial fluid, 356 in pus corpuscles, 365 in pus-serum, 363 in retina, 615 in semen, 621 in smooth muscles, 602 in spermatozoa, 622 Mineral substances, in starvation, 895, 896 in synovial fluid, 362 in urine, 758-770 in white of egg, 635 in woman's milk, 654 in yolk, 632 lack of, in food, 899, 900 of spleen, 361 toxicity of, 73 Mingen in urine, 756, 758 Mohr's quantitative method for chlorides, 759 Molisch's test for sugar, 216 Monaminophosphatides, 241 Monomethylxanthine, 712 Monosaccharides, 197-218 cyanhydrin formation, 200 oxime formation, 200 transformation of, 201 Moore's test for sugar, 214, 224 Morner-Sjoqvist and Folin's method for urea, 689 Morphine, elimination in urine, 749, 787 in milk, 670 Moss-starch, 228 Mucin, 619 action of trypsin on, 508 " dissolved," 794 effect of gastric juice on, 473 in urine, 757, 794 pseudo, 171 substances, 168-172 Mucilages, 226 vegetable, 230 Mucinoids, 171 Mucins, analysis of, 169 amino acids in. 170 cleavage products of, 170 true, 168, 169 Mucoid, osseo-, 172 Mucoids, 169, 171 effect of gastric juice on, 473 Mucous of urine, 674 Mulberry calculi, 833 Murexide test, 707 Muscarine, 246 Muscle-pigments, 571 Muscle-plasma, 566 preparation and proper- ties of 566. 567 proteins of, 569 570 Muscle-serum, 566 smooth, 601-603 constituents of, 602 extractives in, 602 " snow," 566 "-stroma," 569 syntonin, 569 Muscles, 565-603 acid rigor of. Narcotics, relation to glycogen formation. 394 Neosine, 578 Neossin, 171 Neottin, 631 Neozym, 320 Nephrorosein in urine, 734 Nerve fibres, analysis of, 614 Nerves, 604-615 Neubauer's and Rolide's reaction for proteins, 100 Neuberg's test for levulose, 218 Neuberg-Rauchwerger's reaction for cho- lesterin, 444 Neuridine, 606, 612, 628 Neurine, 246 Neurochitin, 614, 615 Neuroglia, 601 Neuroglobulin, a and ft, 604, 605 Neurokeratin, 605, 614, in various nerves, amounts in, 614 Nicotine, effect upon gases of stomach, 485 Ninhydrin reaction, 101 Nitrates in urine, 766 Nitriles, fate in organism, 775 Nitrobenzaldehydes, fate of, in organism, 783, 784 Nitrobenzene, fate of, in organism, 782 Nitrogen colloidal, 795 elimination in starvation, 893, 894 through various channels, 880, 881 gaseous elimination of, 881. See also Gases in various tis- sues and fluids. Nitrogenous equilibrium, 918, 919, 934 Nitrotoluol, behavior in animal body, 786 Novaine, 577 in urine, 758 Nuclease, 504, 508 Nucleuses, 48, 182. See also Enzymes. Nucleinases, 182 Nuclein bases, 186 i in lymphatic glands, 366 plates, 308 in pus-cells, 365 true, 176 Nucleins, 176, 177 action of trypsin on, 508 effect of gastric juice on, 473 pseudo-, 177 Nucleoalbumins, 91, 92, 93, 177 detection of in urine, 795 properties of, 104 in urine, 794 Nucleohistone, 307 in blood, 316 in urine, 795 of thyrnus, 367, 368 Nucleon, 578, 620, 666 Nucleo proteins, 92, 167, 174-177, 252 GENERAL INDEX 1013 Nucleo proteins, action of trypsin on, 508 cleavage products of, 177- 195 of blood, 258 of milk, 653 of the spleen, 369 peptic digestion of, 472 Nucleosidases, 182 Nucleosides, 180, 211 Nucleosin, 195 Nucleotides, 179 mono-, 179 poly-, 179 Nucleotin, 179, 182 Nucleotoprotamines, 174, 623 Nutritive need of man, 916 requirement, 908 Nylander AlmeVs test, 215 sugar test, 802 Obermayer's indican test, 729 Obermuller's cholesterin reaction, 445 Oblitine, 578 Ochronose, 550 Octodecapetide, 85, 87 Oedematous fluid, and its constituents, 363 Oesophageal fistula, 459 Oil-turpentine, behavior in animal body, 749, 784 Olein, 236 mono and tri enzymotic synthesis of, 60 Oligaemia, 340 Oligocythsemia, 340 Oliguria, 771 Olive oil, absorption, 544 effect upon bile secretion, 415 Onuphin, 171 Oocyan, 636 Oorodein, 636 Opalisin, 652 Opium, passage of, into milk, 670 Organic phosphorous compounds in urine, 757 in urine, 762 sulphur compounds in urine, 752, 765 Orcin-hydrochloric acid test, 209, 223 Orcin, test for pentoses in urine, 817 Oriental bezoar-stone, 524 Ornithine, 85, 162, 163 Orthonitrobenzaldehyde, fate of in the body, 784 Orthonitrophenylpropiolic acid, test for dextrose, etc. See Acid nitrophenyl- propiolic. Orthonitrotoluene, fate of, in organism, 785 Osamines, 204 Osazones, 202, 203, 215 Osimines, 201 Osmometer, 16 Osmosis, 5 Osmotic pressure, 1-13 determination of, 16 Osmotic pressure, effective, 12 effect of various sub- stances upon, 17 electrolytes, abnormal, due to ionization, in higher animals, 13 in lower sea animals, 13 in lymph, 13 in milk and bile, 13 non-electrolytes, 4 of animal fluids, 12 of colloids, 16-18 of the blood, in selachii, in saliva, 13 in urine, 13 Osones, 203 Ossein, 551 Osseoalbuminoid, elementary composi- tion of, 551 Osseomucoid, 172, 551 elementary composition of, 551 Osteomalacia, 556, 557 Osteosclefosis, 556 Otoliths, 619 Ovalbumin, 633-635 cleavage products of, 106 preparation of, 634 Ovaries, 623 cysts in, 624 Ovin, 631 Ovoglobulin, 84, 633 Ovokeratin, 114 Ovomucin, 634 Ovomucoid, 171. 633, 635, 636 properties, 635 preparation, 635 Ovovitellin, 84, 91 composition of, 628, 629 preparation of, 630 Ovum, 623, 628 Oxamide, 83 Oxidases, 188 artificial, 873. See also En- zymes Oxidation in animal tissues, theories of, 42 in the organism, 850-877 Oxidones, 874, 875 Oxydase, 47, 48 Oxygen absorption, calculation of, 889 activation, 4-8 tension in blood, 859-861 tension, regulation of in organism, 868 Oxygenases, 872 Oxyha3matin, 289-291 Oxyhsemocyanin, 299 Oxyhsemoglobin, 276, 278-282 absorption bands of 281, 282 action of trypsin on, 508 effect of gastric juice on, 473 1014 GENERAL INDEX Oxyhsemoglobin, law of dissociation of, 859 preparation of, 282 See also Blood pig- ments. Oxyphenylethylamine, 82 Oxyproline, 85,^106, 107, 125, 155 Oxyprotein, 83 Oxypurine, 190 Oxypyrimidine, 195 Oxyquinolines, fate of, in organism, 785 Ozone, occurrence in the organism, 4 Palmitin, 235 Pancreas, 494-510 importance of, to absorption of carbohydrates, 535 Pancreatic diastase, 501 gland, constituents of, 495 juice, 494-501 action on fats, 502 action of, on starch, 226 amount secreted, 500 constituents of, .500 excitants for the secre- tion of, 498 properties of, 500 lipase, 57. See also En- zymes. secretion of, 496 rennin, 509. See also En- zymes. secretion, human, 500, 501 Papa in, 51 Paracasein, 650 Parachymosin, 474, 567 Paracresol, 515 formation in putrefaction, 515, 723, 724 Paraglobulin, 258 Parahaemoglobin, 280 Parahistone, 109 Paralbumin, 624, 625 Paraminophenol, 779 Paramucin. 626 Paramyosinogen, 568, 570, 571 Paranuclein. See Pseudonuclein Paraovarial cysts, 627 Paraoxypropiophenone, 785 Parapeptone, 472 Parathyroids, 377 Paraxanthine in urine, 712, 713, 714 Parenchymatous organs, action of trypsin on, 508 Parenteral canal, introduction of pro- tein by way of, 533-541 Parotid, 448 saliva, 450 Peaglobulin, 84 Pectin bodies, 229, 231 Pemphigus chronicus, 359 Pennacerin, 846 Pennatulin, 123 Pentacrinin, 844 Pentamethylenediamine, 47. See Cada- verin Pentapeptides, 85 Pentosamines, 220 Pentosans, 207 Pentoses, 197, 198, 199, 207-211 in urine, 816 quantitative estimation, 209 test, orcin-hydrochloric, 209 tests for, 209 Pentosides, 180 Pentosuria, 816 Penzoldt's test for acetone, 823 Pepsin, 57, 64, 466-476 action on proteins, 468-473 characteristic property of, 468 digestion of proteins, products of, 472 digestion, effect of foreign sub- stances upon rapidity of, 470 digestion, rapidity of, 471 digestion of various bodies, 472, 473 mother substances of, 477 nature of, 467 occurrence of, 466 preparation of, 468 properties of, 467, 468 quantitative methods for, 469, 470 relation to rennin, 475 test for, 469 testing for, in gastric juice, 487 Pepsinogen, 477 Peptases, 503. See also Enzymes. Peptic-glutin peptone, 135 peptones, 135 zymolysis, effect of bile upon, 511 Peptidases, 48 Peptides, 68, 85-89, 93, 126, 127, 156 behavior toward enzymes, 8, 266, 492, 510, 511. See Poly- peptides. in urine, 755 relation to alcaptonuria, 735 relation to urea formation, 777 Peptinuria, 791 Peptochondrin, 549 Peptoid, 507 Peptone-plasma, 251 Peptones, 92, 127-132 anti-, 132 as foodstuff, 912 carbamino reaction with, 167 from peptic digestion 472 in urine, 791 properties of, 131 quantitative estimation, 138 separation from proteoses, 136, 138 Percaglobulin, 637 Pericardial fluid, 356, 357 analysis of, 356 Perilymph, 619 Peritoneal fluid, 357 GENERAL INDEX 1015 Permeability, causes for, of blood corpuscles, 7 Overtoil's solubility theory, 10 shortcomings of, 10, 11 Traube's solution tenacity theory, 11 Peroxidases, 872. See also Enzymes. Peroxydase, 50 Perspiration, 847-849 circumstances influencing, 847 constituents of, 848 properties of, 847 Pettenkofer's method for determining respiratory change, 869 Pit test for bile-acid, 798 test for bile, 418 Pfaundler's method of precipitating urine, 681 Phaseomannite, 579 Phenol, 515 as precipitant of proteids, 98 in urine, 515, 723, 726, 785, 787 Phenol-oxidases, 875 Phenols, 117, 723 fate of, in organism, 775, 784 Phenylalanine, 85, 109, 114, 151, 152 amounts in proteins, 106, 107, 113; 115, 125 Phenylethylamine, 82 Phenylisocyanate compounds of amino acids. See various Acids, amino. peptone, 138 Phenylmethylketone, 785 Philothion, 876 Phlebiri, 276 Phosphates, importance of, in metabolism, 902 in urine, 761-764 in urine, quantity of, 762 See also Mineral substances. Phosphatides, 239-249, 265, 586 in adrenal bodies, 377 in bile, 435, 439 in kidney, 673 in liver, 385 in yolk, 630 Phosphaturia, 763 Phosphoglycoproteins, 174, 177 Phosphoproteins, 91, 92, 93 properties of, 104 Phosphorus compounds, action on bile, 437, 441 action on blood, 252, 254 action on urea elimination, 679, 685 organic, in urine, 756 metabolism, 875, 876, 894 Phosphorus-containing urinary constitu- ents, 756, 875 elimination in organism, 883 elimination in relation to ni- trogen elimination, 762, 763 elimination in relation to pur- ine metabolism, 763 Phosphatides, properties of, 241 Photomethaemoglobin, 284 Phrenin, 612 Phrenosin, 609, 610, 611 Phyllocyanin, 295 Phylloerythrin, 435 Phylloporphyrin, 276, 295 Phymatorhusin, 841 in urine, 799 Physical chemistry in biology, 1 Physiological oxidation processes, 871-877 salt solution, 7 Phytase, 579 Phytin, 579 Phytosterines, 446 Picolin, behavior of, in animal body, 784 Pigments, fate of, in organism, 787 medicinal in urine, 801 of bile, 427, 433, 435, 436 of birds' eggs, 636 of blood, 275, 298 of blood serum, 268 of butterflies, 844 of corpora lutea, 297, 623 of eye, 614, 616 of feathers, 843, 844 of human skin, 840-843 of liver, 384 of lobster, 638, 844 of lower animals, 299, 844 of lungs, 870 of muscle, 571 of placenta, 641 of pus, 366 of skin, 840-844 of stones, 441 of urine, 733, 734, 740, 748, 798, 799 of yolk, 631 Pilocarpine, effect upon elimination of CO2 in stomach, 485 effect upon elimination of uric acid, 700 effect upon secretion of in- testinal juice, 490 effect upon secretion of sali- va, 457 Piperdine-glycosuria, 403 Piquie, 402 Piria's test for tyrosine, 153 Placenta, 641 Plant cells, 5 osmotic experiments with, 5 gums, 226 Plasmolysing power of differently con- structed salts, 6 Plasmolysis, 5 L016 GENERAL INDEX Plasmolysis, substances bringing about, 5 Plasmolytic experiments with animal cells, 7 Plasmoschisis, 314 Plasmozym, 319 Plastein, 59 Plasteines, 135 Plastin, 178 Plattner's crystallized bile, 396 Pleural fluid, 357 Pnein, 874 Pneumonic infiltrations, solutions of, 18, 368, 869 Poikilocytosis, 342 Polycythaemia, 340 Polynucleotides, 179 Polypeptide-like bodies in urine, 756 Polypeptides, 86-91, 92. See Peptides. action of trypsin on, 509 cleavage of, by enzymes, 62 E. Fischer's synthetical preparation of, 88 methylated, 88 syntheses of, 86 synthetically produced, 87 sulphur containing, 88 synthetic, comparison of properties with natural pro- teins, 90. See also Pep- tides. Polyperythrin, 844 Polysaccharides, colloid, 226-231 Polyuria, 771 Potassium in urine, 766. See also Min- eral substances. Praglobin, 307 Precipitation, Traube's membrane, 1 Precipitins, 66 Preglobulin, 315, 368 Preputial, secretion of skin, 846 Proenzymes, 51 Prolamine, 78 Prolamins, 106 Proline, 85, 109, 111, 154, 155 amounts in proteins, 106, 107, 113, 115, 125 Propepsin, 477 Propeptone, 126 Propylalanine, 85 Propyl benzene, behavior in animal body, 778 Propylene glycol, relation to glycogen formation, 394 Prosecretin, 463, 499 Prostate, secretion of, 621 Prostatic concrements, 172, 611, 623 Prosthetic group, 174 Protagon, 605, 606-608, 609 cleavage products of, 607 elementary composition of, 606 nature of, 606, 607 preparation of, 608 properties of, 608 Protamine nucleate, 623 Protamines, 91, 92, 93, 108 hexone bases in, 165 preparation of, 112 properties of, 109-112 Proteans, 93 Protease, 47, 48 alpha retardation of, 63 Proteases, 48 Protective colloids, 37, 44, 131 Protein, absorption, effect of cellulose on, 531 catabolism, 907, 908, 909, 911 importance of sulphur in, 882, 883 in active muscle, 594 in starvation, 894 destruction of, during work, 595 ochrome, 155 requirement, 933-936 lower limit, 915 sparers, 913-915 substances, diarginylalanine, 111 diarginylproline, 111 diarginylserine, 111 diarginylvaline, 111 Proteins, 38, 77-195 absorption of, 525-531 acid, 125 action of neutral salts on, 98 action of nitrous acid upon, 79 action of pepsin on, 468-473 action of trypsin on, 505, 507 adsorption compounds, 95 adsorption of, 97 albuminates, 104 albuminoids, 112 albuminous, 102-138 albumins, 106 albumose, alkali, 127 alcohol soluble, 92 alkali, 126 amino acids in, linking of, 90 amounts in blood of different animals, 328 analysis, 118 atmidkeratin, 113 atmidkeratose, 113 Bence-Jones, 792 byssus, 122, 123 carbon dioxide binders in blood 855 casein, 106 chitin, 122 chondrin, 121 chondro-, 168, 172-174 chromo-, 167 circulating, 908-910 classification of, 91-93 cleavage products, 93, 106 clupeine, 110 coagulated, 93 coagulation of, 96 collagen, 118, 119 color, reaction for, 99 GENERAL INDEX 1017 Proteins, composition of, 77, 94 compound, 92, 167-177 conchiolin, 122, 123 conjugated, 92, 93 cornein, 122, 123, 124 cornicrystalline, 123 crystalline, 94 cyclopterine, 110 cyprinine, 110 derived, 93 deutero, 120 deuteroelastose, 117 effect on glycogen content of liver, 394, 397 elastin, 116-118 fate of, in organism, 886 fattening, 919 fibrin, 106 fibroin, 122, 124 foodstuff purposes of, 917, 918 forms of nitrogen in, 77, 78 gelatin, 118, 119-121 gelatin-peptones, 120 gelatose, 120 gelatoses, 120 globan, 104 globulins, 103-104 gluco-, 167, 168-174 glucoproteins, phosphorized, 105 gluteins, 119 glyco-, 92, 167, 168-174 gorgonin, 123 helicp-, 174 hemicollin, 120 hemielastin, 117 hordein, cleavage of, 107 hydrolysis of, 81 ichthylepidin, 122 in amniotic fluid, 642 in aqueous humor, 361 in ascitic fluids, 359 in bone, 551 in bone marrow, 554 in brain, 604 in cartilage, 546 in cerebrospinal fluid, 360 in chyle, 347 in connective tissue, 544 in crystalline lens? 617, 618 in cystic fluids, 625-627 in dead muscles, 567 in fat globules, 647 in horn substance, 837 in hydrocele and spermatocele fluids, 359 in kidneys, 672 in liver, 382, 383 in lungs, 870 in lymph, 346, 348 in lymphatic glands, 366 in mammary glands, 643 in milk, 647-654 in milk plasma, 647 in muscles, 566-572 Proteins, in muscle-plasma,