None
blast-furnace, fuel consumption 421 Reverberatory combustion, study of 344 Reverberatory furnaces 311 arch of 327 boiling of matte in 353 at Cananea, use of pulverized coal at 356 Cananea method of fettling 337 at Cananea, smelting costs 368 consumption of coal in 315 consumption of oil in 367 construction of 324 development of, tabulated 326 ^disadvantage of silicious charge in 414 draft required 346 emplo3rment of oil in 360 evolution of 314 fire-box and grate of 328 fire-bridge of 328 firing of 338 fiue-opening of 328 foundations 326 hearth of 330 heat-balance of 346 home-made; analysis of materials used 398 how present capacity is attained in 313 at Humboldt, Arizona, oil-fired 369 688 INDEX PAGE Reveiberatoiy furnaces, ironing of 330 labor for 349 Ices of heat in 316 management of 333 mixing of charge 352 older practice 318 of Peyton Chemical Co., use of oil in 372 pulverized coal for 354 reactions in the 375 sand for hearth of 330, 333 size of particles in charge 351 use of gas in the 378 use of wood in 379 for wood, at Butte, Montana 395 wood-burning of Boston and Colorado smelter. 387 for wood, home-made 396 for wood, recapitulation concerning 403 Reverberatory-emelting with wood 379 Riffle sampler 15 Roasted Anaconda fines, analysis of ^ Roasted ores, smelting of 1^ Roasting 57 by hand, weak points of ^ ores in heaps and stalls 102 discussion of ores suited for ^ experiments on removal of sulphiu* during ^ practical details of ^ size of particles for ^ sources of heat in 59 stirring of ore during ^ temperatures during ^ thickness of ore-bed in "** at the Washoe smelter ^ Roasting-process, practical management of ^ Roast-yard, selection and preparation of ^^ Roesing wire-system at Boston and Montana smelter 590 Ropp roaster ' Rotary-piston blowers *"^ Sampling af anode plates, the ^ by coneing and quartering *• • • • of copper bath during refining ^ of copper ores, the of ores, degree of crushing required for INDEX 689 PAGE Sampling ores for moisture 19 ores with graduated crushing 10 ores, hand methods of 13 ores, machine methods of , 16 ores at Washoe smelter 20 by split-shovel 14 with use of riffles 15 Sampling-mill, illustration of 19 Santa Fe, Chiapas, use of wood in blast-furnace n 202 Sasco smelter, agglomeration of flue-dust and slag at 454 Secondary copper ores 7 Sectional blast-furnaces 151 Settler for blast-furnace 132 Silica, basic ores as flux for 33 behavior of at high temperatures 41 effect of upon slags 617 free, necessity of in converting operation 497 functions of in pyrite smelting 219 Silica-brick 639 Silicate of copper 3 Silicate-degree of slags 603 Silicates, behavior of at high temperatures 51 Silicious ore, addition of during converting 495 Silicious refractories 638 Silver, concentration of in copper bottoms 473 losses of in converter process 507 and gold in copper ores 23 Sintering machine of Dwight and Lloyd 447 Siphon-tap settlers 136 Size of particles for roasting 60 Skinmiing, period of during refining process 546 Slag, analysis of at Deadwood and Delaware smelter 628 analysis of at Mansfeld 625 from Cananea reverberatory, analysis of 367 at Cananea smelter, analysis of 286 at Cerro de Pasco, Peru, analysis of 343 at Deadwood and Delaware Co.'s smelter, analysis of 303, 304 magnesia replacing lime in 304 from Mt. Lyell pyrite smelting, analysis of 236 at National smelter, S. D., analysis of 628 principles of formation of 598 production of 26 proportion of from refining cathodes 576 proportion of from refining converter slabs 576 at Tyee smelter, analysis of 294 utilization of waste heat from 650 of Washoe blast-furnaces, analysis of 265, 631 690 INDEX PAGE Slag, waste heat of used for generating steam 652 Slag-formation during pyrite smdting 209 illustration of \ 29 principles of 27 Slag-forming substances 602 Slags, amount of copper required to cleanse 308 behavior of alumina in 615 classification of 602 effect of alumina upon 618, 635 effect of baryta upon 633 effect of ferrous oxide upon 622 effect of lime upon 625 effect of manganous oxide upon 622 effect of magnesia upon 632 effect of silica upon 617 effect of zinc oxide upon 634 formation of aluminates in 615 formation of spinel in 615 formation-temperature of vs. flowing-temperature 610 of former Mt. Lyell process, analysis of 620 mincralogical composition of 613 at National smelter, analysis of 306, 309 possible constituents of •. 600 qualities demanded in 599 replacement value of bases in 621 silicate degree of 603 solubility of sulphides in 617 viscosity of 616 Smelter fumes 578 separation of arsenic from 586 Smelting, fundamental principles of 25 object of 25 of roasted ores 194 Smith and Pierce basic-lined converter *. 516 Snyder sampler 17 Sources of heat in roasting 59 Spinel, formation of in slags 615 Split-shovel in sampling 14 Stall-roasting lU management of 112 Stalls for roasting, construction of Ill Static electricity, precipitation of smelter fume by 595 Stirring of ore during roasting 64 Sulitjelma, Norway, Knudsen process at 523 Sulphates, behavior of at high temperatures 54 Sulphides, behavior of at high temperatures 42 oxidation of 58 i INDEX 691 PAGE Sulphides, solubility of in slags 617 Sulphur, experiments on removal of during roasting 63 protection of copper from by lime during refining 566 Sulphiu* trioxide, neutralization of in smelter gases 593 Sulphiuic acid, manufacture of from smelter gases 596 Taylor and Brunton sampling-mill 19 Temperatures during refining process at Wysk smelter 539 in McDougall roaster 92 Tennessee Copper Co., costs of production at 657 Tenorite 2 Tetrahedrite 5 Teziutlan furnaces, method of charging 162 Thermal value of wood 385 Thermometric conversion table, Waldo's 668 Tilt Cove, Newfoundland, pyrite smelting at 214 pyrite, analysis of 214 pyrite smelting, costs of 215 Tooele smelter, Utah, treatment of converter slag at 504 Trap-spout of blast-furnace 129 True pyrite smelting 204 Turbo-blowers 166 Tyee ore, analysis of 290 roasted ore, analysis of 290 siphon-tap settler 138 smelter, analysis of coke at 296 smelter, analysis of matte at 296 smelter, analysis of slag at 294 smelter, deposition of flue-dust at 583 smelter, hot blast at 292 • U U-pipe stove, the 653 Valences of the commoner elements 667 Values, weights, measures, table of 666 Vaporization of water for cooling furnace-jackets 155 Vautin system of generating steam by waste heat of slag 652 Vezin sampler 17 692 INDEX PAGE Viscoeity of slags 616 Voict^ researches of on mineralogical composition of slags. *. 613 W Waldo's thermometric conversion table 668 Walker casting machine for copper 553 Wallaroo smelter, So. 