None
Needles, platinum-iridium, for making trans- fers 43 Negatives, development of 14° records on 142 Nessler*s test, how used 61 Neisser's spore-stain 104 Neumann, variability of pigment- formation . . . 238 Neutral red 230 Nicolle, modification of Gram's method 222 Night-blue, capsule-stain 221 stain for flagella 220 Nitrate bacteria, fluid culture-medium for isolation of 199 nutrient agar for isolation of 109 Nitrate bouillon 63 diphenylamin test 267 Nitrates, reduction of, test for 63 Nitrifying organisms, magnesia-gypsum blocks for 200 Nitrite bacteria, fluid medium for isolation of. 199 Nitrites, test for 63 Nitro-bacteria 175 Nitrogen-assimilating soil-bacteria, medium for 199 Nitrogen-bacteria 175 Nitrogen-free media 51, 198 Nitrogen, fixation of, by bacteria 64 growth in, apparatus for testing 58 removal of oxygen from 57 Nitrogen-nutrition, a basis for classification.. 175 Nitrogen salts, in special media 51, 197 Nitromonas 240 Nitrous and nitrate bacteria 175 Nomenclature 154 Non-halation plates, uses of 136 Novy, a new thermoregulator 228 jar for anaerobic cultures 56, 57, 58, 231 Nucleus, existence of, in bacteria. 159,216,217,219 Nutrient material, amount needed by bac- teria 225 Objectives, achromatic, disadvantages of 140 of excellent definition 265 Objectives, apochromatic, Spencer 16 mm 140 Zeiss 130 Occlusion of vascular system due to bacteria . . 8, 12 Oculars 130 for photomicrography 139 Ohlmuller, germicidal action of ozone ^51 Oleomargarine, bacteria in 259 Olive-knot organism, artificial inoculations 10 crystals produced by 66 optimum temperature for 85 Omelianski, blocks for nitrifying organisms 200 isolation of hydrogen-cellulose ferment. 106, 209 sodium-formate medium 50 spore readily stained by anilin dyes 22 Page. Optimum reaction of medium for bacterial growth 69 Optimum temperatures 75, 85 Origin of bacteria 177 Ortol developer 140 Ostwald-Pfeffer water-bath 78 Oven, paraffin no Oversteaming, effect of 98 Oxidases 67 Oxidation, pigments due to 66 Oxygen, compressed, where obtained 81 little, in deep layers of agar 230 pigment- formation, dependent on 238. 230 removal from hydrogen, nitrogen, and car- bon dioxide 57 Oxygen, relation of bacteria to, in, fermentation-tubes 52 surface and deep growths 51 Ozone, action on bacteria 251, 252, 253 Pacinia 172 Pake, ruled counting-plate 36 Paper, blue-print, for pen-and-ink work 150 drawing-board 266 salted silver, for pen-and-ink work 150 Paraffin, infiltration with 118, 226 melting point of that used for embedding. . . 119 recommended for cotton plugs 99, 263 trueing edge of blocks 123 Paraffin-oven 1 19 Parasite, relation of, to tissues of host 8, 10 reaction of host to 8 means of gaining access to tissues of host. 8,92 Parasites, animal, harbored by plants 89 Paratrophic bacteria I7S Parenchyma, intercellular spaces of, occupied by bacteria 8 Park, effect of freezing on B. typhostis 247 Pasteur, culture-fluid 197 definition of ae'robe and anaerobe 230 influence on bacteriology IS2 Pathogenesis, rules of proof 9 Pathogenicity, developed by association 72, 215 of plant parasites to animals 88 regeneration of 237 Pane, Pneumococcus, origin of capsule 221 Payen, agar-agar, composition of 223 Pear-blight organism, action of light on 7l blackening of foliage attacked by 65 differentiated from B. coli by KNO3 51, 113 hosts of 87 natural infection 92 result of inoculations with 202 Pedesis i° Peirce, root-tubercles of bur clover 64 Pelargonium, natural infection in 92 Pencils for writing on glass m Pepsin 66 INDEX. 28l Page. Peptone, commercial 45 reaction of cholera organism with 229 tests for purity of 229 Peptone-bacteria 175 Peroxides, organic, germicidal action of 253 Petri, nitrates in commercial gelatin 224 Petri-dishes 226 for excluding light 228 for quantitative work and photographing. . . 36 of good quality, where obtained 82 sterilization of 100 Petri und Maassen, hydrogen sulphide from bacteria 243 Phenol 74 tests for 63 Phenolphthalein, for use in titration 99 neutral point of 69 Photographic enlargements 147 Photographic plates, for special work 136 Photographic prints, drawings on 151 making of 150 Photographing, of bacteria in tissues 136 of poured-plate colonies 134 of test-tube cultures 135 Photography, focusing planars 132 lenses for 130, 133 Photomicrography 263, 264 Photomicrographic apparatus 23, 129, 136 care of 139 Photomicrographs, making of 138 time of exposure for. 143 Phragmidiothrix 162 Physical conditions, influence of, on mor- phology 177, 222 Physiological changes due to changed environ- ment 222 Physiological peculiarities, for identification of species 25 Picric acid, as a fixing agent 8 germicidal properties of 250 Pierce, work on walnut disease 176 Pigment- formation, conditions of 239 discussion of 65, 223 effect of symbiosis on 223 how regenerated 237 literature on 236 variability of 222, 238 Pipettes, discarded, care of 107 sterilization of 100 Pitfield's flagella stain 191 Planococcus 160 Plant acids, sensitiveness of bacteria to 69 Plant juices used as culture-media 41 Page. Plasmolysis, concentration necessary for 254 Plastids of Hallier 176 Plate-cultures, advantages of, for isolating bacteria n arrangement of rods in colonies on 27 characters to be noted 29 discarded, care of 107 how to avoid contaminations in 103 Koch's, for obtaining pure cultures 226 labeling of in poured, how made 105 Plates, isochromatic, for photographing stained sections 140 isochromatic, time of exposure with 143 isochromatic, uses of 136 non-halation, uses of 136 non-isochromatic, when preferable 136 Platinum black, enzyme-like action of 234 Platinum-iridium, inoculating needles and loops 43 Pleomorphism 176 Pleuro-pneumonia, organism causing, at limit of vision 18 cultivation of, outside animal body 213 Plugs, paraffined 99 Plum, natural infection in 86, 88, 92, 148 organism from 18 subject to pear-blight 88 Pneumococcus, origin of capsule 221 Polyangium 165 Popoff, germicidal action of mercuric chloride. 252 Potassium, chloride, effect on luminous bacteria 60 iodide, effect on luminous bacteria 60 nitrate, effect on luminous bacteria 60 nitrate, for differential purposes 51 sulfate, effect on luminous bacteria 60 Potato, steaming of 98 Potato-broth, preparation of 42 Potato-starch, aseptic, preparation of 50 Prazmowski, arthrospores 218 culture-fluid 197 Precipitate, in culture-fluids, nature of 42 Pregl, method of staining 222 Preparation of nutrient agar 195 Pressure, effect on bacteria 245 Prevention of disease, methods of 93 Proskauer & Beck's culture-fluid 198 Prudden, bacteria in ice 258 Pseudomonas 160, 173 Ps. indigofera, small size of 18 Ps. syringae, reaction to nitrates 64 Pseudo-zoogloeae 22 Pure cultures, how obtained n Pyocyanin, test for 65 Pyoktanin 74 Pyrogallol, with caustic potash as absorbent of oxygen 57 Pyrogallol developer 200, 201 .'82 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Quantitative determination, of bacteria in diseased tissues 14 of effect of freezing 79 Quince blight, due to B. amylovorus 202 Rabies-virus, removed by filtration 214 Rabinowitsch, thermophilic bacteria 248 Radium rays 245 Raulin's culture-fluid 197 Ravenel, bacteria exposed to liquid air 246 Razors, sharpening of I21 Torrey, Rogers, Lentz 123 Reaction, for maximum growth in liquid media. .. 69,203 of host to parasite 8 Record-books, for culture-media IO9 for field-notes "O Records, methods of keeping 109 Reducing negatives '42 Reducing powers of bacteria 62 Reichenbach, branching in Spirillum 217 Reichert, thermo-regulator, improved 78 Reimers, bacteria in soil 255 Rein, Florideae, source of agar 224 Reinitzer, on gum-ferment 233 Re-isolations, necessity for 1 6 Relationships of bacteria 177 Rennet 67 Rhabdochromatium 164 Ribbert, method of staining capsules 194 Rice for culture-media 48 Ridgway, color scheme of 263 Roentgen rays 245 Rogers, pathogenicity developed by association. 215 Rohrbeck thermostat 75 Roll-cultures, Esmarch's 226 Root-tubercle bacteria 64, 240, 241 Roth, contact-irritation 253 Rothberger, differential diagnosis with anilin dyes 230 toluidin red for differentiation 230 Rothert, effect of ether and chloroform 254 Roux filter, for culture-fluids, etc 44 Roux thermo-regulator 78 Rubber, caps for tubes of media 99 note on best solvents for 207 Rulers for measuring colonies, glass, steel. ... 115 Rules of proof 9, 10 Russell & Babcock, fermentation of silage. . . . 257 Ruzicka, inner structure of bacteria 217 Saccardo, color scheme of 263 Sachs, reduction of cane-sugar in plants 66 Safranin-picro-nigrosin 189 Salicylic acid 74 Salt-bouillon 51 Salt-water bacteria, minimum temperature for 87, 255 Sander, growth of tubercle bacteria on vege- table media 222 Sand-fleas, bacterium of luminous 60, 242 Page. Saponification of casein in milk-cultures 46 Saprophytes, behavior of, when injected into plants 89 presence in diseased parts long affected .... 13 Sarcina 160 Sauerkraut, fermentation of 257, 258 Scales for photographic exposures 143 Schaffner's safranin-picro-nigrosin 189 Schaudinn, bacillus of large size 19 two endospores in a cell 22 Scheffler, neutral red for differentiating 230 Schild, formalin for detection of B. typhosus. . 229 Schill, preparation of cultures for museums. . 262 Schilow, germicidal value of hydrogen pe- roxide 251 Schneider, studies on pigment- formation 237 Schottelius, B. prodigiosus, non-pigmented races of 222 preparation of nutrient agar 223 Schliiter, effect of acids on bacteria 249 Schultz, structural changes due to antiseptics. 252 Schumburg, bromine, water treated with 252 Schu'tz, method of making nutrient agar 34 Schwartz, on antiseptics 250 Sclavo's flagella-stain 192 Sclerothrix 172 Sea-weeds furnishing agar 33 Sections, microtome, balsam for mounting 117 boxes for preservation of 117 cutting and care of 119 for photographing 140 keeping of material for 117 mounting of 119 preparation of 1 18 staining of 119 Sedgwick & Winslow, influence of cold on B. typhosus 247 Setchell, thermophilic bacteria 248 Signs of disease 7 Silage-fermentation, bacteria active in 256 bacteria not active in 257 Silicate-jelly, for differential purposes 39 method of preparing 37, 206 value, as a culture-medium 36 Winogradsky^Sleskin 198 Sjoebring, nucleus in bacteria 216 Skschivan, branched forms 217 Slater, branched forms 237 Slide-boxes 117 Slides, care of discarded 107 numbering of T2I Smith & Swingle, effect of freezing on bac- teria 83 Smith, Theobald, discovers cause of Texas fever 153 method of filtering 226 tubercle bacteria difficult to destroy by heat. 247 Soaps, germicidal action of certain 253 INDEX. 283 Pago. Sodium chloride, effect on luminous bacteria 60 restraining influence of 70, 252 Sodium fluoride, germicidal action of 253 Sodium hydrate, method of increasing tolera- tion of 70 Sodium nitrite, used for indol test 62 Softening hard tissues, fluid for 200 Soft-rot bacteria, many plants attacked by. ... 87 Soil, bacteria in upper layers of 255 parasites carried in 91 sterilization of 85 Solid vegetable media, behavior of organisms on 40 preparation of 40 substances recommended 40 Solio paper, toning bath for 201 Solubility of glassware 129, 223 Solution of tissues occupied by bacteria 10 Solution persulphate of iron, preparation of. . 188 Sorghum, natural infection in 92 Soy-bean, natural infection in 92 Sphaerotilus 162 Species, morphology not sufficient for differentiation . 25 Specimens, method of substituting alcohol for water in 226 Spectrum, part possessing germicidal action. . 244 Spencer microscopes 129 Spina, studies of reduction processes 239 Spirillum 161 branching in 217 double staining of 217 Ehrenberg's genus 173 Spirillum undula, action of ether on 254 flagella of 20 Spirillum volutans, flagella of 20 reaction to stimuli 27 Spirochaeta lot Spirodiscus 162 Spiromonas 162 Spirosoma 161 Spores, action of heat on 84 Aujeszky's stain 219 bacilli bearing green 218 cause of resistance to dry heat 218 classification based on 157 common in stringy bread 261 effect of steam on 246 Fiocca's stain 218 Foth's stain 218 germination of 21 influence of environment on formation Of 219, 222 Klein's stain 219 means for identification of 21 Moeller's stain 218 reaction to stains 27 Page. Spores — continued, resistance to high temperatures and steam heat 21, 84, 246 resistant, present in meat-extracts 260 resistant, present in milk 46 stains for. 194 Spraying, inoculation by 108 Stadler, effect of sodium chloride on bacteria. 252 Stage-micrometer 115 Staining, bacteria in tissues 29, 222 double 217,218 microtome-sections 119 Staining-media, groups of 28 Staining methods 221 bacteria, vegetative forms 27,187 capsules 19, 194 flagella 20, 21, 27, 189 spores 27, 194 tissues 187 Staining produced by bacteria, in host-plant 65 in nutrient substrata 65, 211, 214, 237 Stains, anilin, alcoholic solutions of 187 general and miscellaneous 187 Starch from potato, preparation of 50 Starch-jelly, nutrient 50, 196 Starch, test for slime derived from 221 Starrett cross-level ^9 Starvation, resistance to 223 Statistics, need of, on plant diseases 90 Steam, spores resistant to 84 sterilization by, possible source of error in. 47 vegetative bacteria sensitive to 83 Steaming, media in tubes 48 milk for culture-media 46, 47 Steam-sterilizer, Arnold 47 Stephens, flagella-stain 220 Sterilization, cold, of culture-fluids 43, 52 cotton IOI culture-media 85 dry, of pipettes, scalpels, etc 41 glassware, instruments 100, 107 infectious material ' IO6 milk 46 oven for loo silicate-jelly JQ soils \] 8s solid vegetable media 40 starch-jelly gO surface of plants before making cultures from j-j surface of plants to be inoculated 41, 108 syringes IO2 with metallic copper 97 2r? Still, for water, in small quantities 128 for water, on a large scale 124 284 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Stock-cultures, how best kept 72, 123 Stoddart, media for differentiation of motile bacteria 2(> Stolz, peculiar growths in Pneumococcus, etc. 217 Stomata, artificial infections by way of 108, 126 natural infection through 9°, 92 Stored media, effect of loss of water on 99 Streak-cultures, characters to be noted 3° Streblothrichia l62 Streptococcus • • Io° Streptococcus mesenterioides, isolation of by heat Io6 Streptothrix Io2 Succession of organisms in diseased tissues.. 73 Sugar-cane, red stain in bundles of 66 Sugars, effect on liquefaction of gelatin 29 growth retarded by 223, 248 proper sterilization of media containing 99 reagents for 208, 234 Sulphur-bacteria 162, 261 Sunlight, effect of 71 in photomicrography 24 Surface organisms, partial removal by washing . 14 Surface sterilization !3 Synthetic culture-media, kinds of 49, 197 value of Si Syringes, hypodermic I02 Systematic position of bacteria 177 Szyszylowicz, corallin as a microchemical re- agent 221 Tannin, method for detecting in cells 207 Temperature, of liquid air • 83, 247 optimum 75 maximum 75 minimum 76 range of, suited to growth 86 Temperature, influence on, geographical distribution 7 involution-forms 22 Teratological growths 23 Test-tube cultures, inoculation of 105 labeling of m photographing of 135 Test-tubes, device for filling rapidly 98, 227 holder for 104 Jena glass 81 resistant glass 82 tests of solubility 129 Tetanus poison, lethal dose of 213 Thaxter, Myxobacteria 164 Thermal death-point, apparatus for 78 method of determining 77 range of 87 Page. Thermal death-point experiments, methods of checking 185 Thermal limits, effect of, on pigment produc- tion, pathogenicity, sporulation 87 Thermal relations, of bacteria 75 of enzymes 67 Thermometers, Anschiitz normal 78 Thermophilic bacteria, common in digestive-tract 248 literature on 247 maximum temperature for 87 minimum temperature for 87 often spore-bearing 248 Thermo-regulator, Novy 228 Reichert 78 Roux 78 Tollens 37 Thermostat-room 75 Thermostats 75 Thermotaxis 254 Thiocapsa 163 Thiocystis 163 Thiodictyon 164 Thiopedia 163 Thiopolycoccus 164 Thiosarcina 163 Thiospirillum 164 Thiothece 164 Thiothrix 162 Thomann, bacterium of stringy bread 261 Thumm, green-fluorescent bacteria 238 Thymol 74 Tischutkin, preparation of nutrient agar 224 Tissues, solution of, by bacteria 10 Titration of culture-media 69, 99 Tobacco, fermentation of 257 Tollens, thermo-regulator 37 Toluidin red, for differentiation 230 Toning bath for solio paper 201 Transfers, how to avoid contaminations in making 103 Trenkmann, flagella-stain 219 Trevisan, genus Pacinia 172 Trikresol 74 Trypsin 66 Tsiklinsky, thermophilic bacteria 248 Tubes, care of discarded 107 rapid filling, with fluid media 99 Tumors produced by bacteria 8 Typhoid bacillus, effect of copper on. . 74,250,253 Tyrosin, qualitative test for 63 Ultramicroscopical organisms 18, 211, 213 Unguentum resinae 228 Urocephalum 159, 264 Uschinsky's solution, cultures in dilute, for flagella staining 20 formula 197 in silicate-jelly 39 modified 197 INDEX. 285 Page. U-tubes, for testing growth in nitrogen 58 Vacuo, concentration of fluids in 68 growth in 54 Vallin, cleaning filters 227 Van Ermengem, flagella-stain rgi germicidal effect of ozone 251 van't Hoff, modification of plate-method 228 van Tieghem, thermophilic bacteria 247 Varietal resistance to disease 93, 186 Vascular system occupied by bacteria 8 Velox-prints 151 Ventilation, of dark-room 149 Vernhout, bacterial fermentation of tobacco. . 257 Vibrio, use of, as a genus name 173 Vibrio cholerae, action of copper on 74, 250 classification 172 Vibrio, Muller's genus 172 Viscidity 42 of bacterial growths 19 of milk 46 of Uschinsky's solution 20 Vitality on various media 72 Voges, blue water-bacteria 237 cultivates Cholera vibrio on potato 249 Voigtlaender, physical properties of agar 224 von Esmarch, roll-cultures of 226 von Freudenreich, filtration of agar 224 von Rozsahegyi, pigmented-media for differ- entiation 229 V-shaped forms 23, 217 Wager exposure scale 143 Waldo & Walsh, bread not fully sterilized by baking 261 Wall-charts 206 Wall of cell, outer, reaction to stains 28 Walliczek, effect of dry air on bacteria 249 effect of tannin on bacteria 251 Ward, A. R., ropy milk 259, 260 Ward, H. M., bacteria from Thames water.. . 258 Warming 20 Water, apparatus for distilling 124 bacteria in, literature on 258 Water-bacteria, blue and violet 237 Hesse & Niedner's nutrient agar for 196 Page. Water-bacteria — continued. how best kept 263 media for 258 Water, examination of. English methods for. 220 Water-bath, Ostwald-Pfeffer 78 Water-pores, infection through 92, 102, 124 Wax-mixture, Darwin's 200 Wehmer, fermentation of sauerkraut 2=;8 Weigert, early use of anilin stains 29 Weiss, bacteria from soured foods 235 ruled counting-plate 36 Welch, capsule-stain 20, 194 influence of 152 Welcke, flagella-stain 220 Wescner, eggs as a culture-medium 225 Weyl, ozone as a germicide 252 Wilhelmy, bacteria in meat-extracts 260 Williams, flagella-stain 193 Winogradsky, agar for isolation of nitrate bacteria 199 elective cultures 106 medium for nitrogen-assimilating bacteria. 199 nitrifying bacteria 240 retting of flax 257 silicate-jelly 36.-24O red sulphur-bacteria 263 Winogradsky & Omelianski, fluid-media for isolating nitrate and nitrite bacteria. . . 199 Winogradsky-Sleskin silicate-jelly 108 Winslow & Rogers, Coccaceae revised by 265 Wood-vinegar, an energetic disinfectant 252 Wounds, disinfection of 107 natural infection through 92 Wright, anaerobes, simple methods of culti- vating 228 Wynne exposure meter 143 Yendo, source of commercial agar 225 Yersen, pest carried by rats 215 Yokote, filtration of agar 225 Y-shaped forms 23 Zeiss lenses for photographic work, Double-Protar 130 Planar 132 Unar 130 Zeiss microscopes 129, 130 Zettnow, cleaning cover-glasses 227 flagella-stain 192 light-filter 137, 201 M. 