None
Na2B4O7 - D 0.0170 " « Spinel (colored by chrome) - - " 0.0209 " » Sylvine KC1 - " 0.0283 " " Ziqueline (suboxide of copper) Cu2O - B 0.5908 " M SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 285 TABLE 304. MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Liquids. Substance. Chemical formula. Density in grammes per c. c. Kind of light. Verdet's constant in minutes. Temp. C. Authority. Acetone ..... C3H6O O.7 Q47 D o.oi 13 20 Jahn. / :XTV 0-7957 0.0115 15 Perkin. "..... u 0.7947 " 0.0114 16 Schonrock. Acids : (see also solutions in- water) Acetic C2H4O2 I.O56l « 0.0105 21 Perkin. Butyric C4H802 0.9663 " O.OI 1 6 15 " Formic CH2O2 .2273 " O.OIO5 15 " Hydrochloric HC1 .2O72 " O.O224 15 " " ... a — " O.O2O6 15 Becquerel. Hydrobromic HBr •7859 " 0-0343 '5 Perkin. Hydroiodic .... Nitric HI HN03 •9473 .5190' « 0.0513 0.0070 J5 !3 u " (fuming) " " O.OOSO 15 Becquerel. Propionic .... CgHgC^ 09975 u O.OIIO 15 Perkin. Sulphuric .... H2SO4 - " O.OI2I 15 Becquerel. Sulphurous .... H2S03 - " 0.0153 15 " Valeric .... C5H10O2 O.Qd'lS u O.0 121 I c Perkin. Alcohols : v :7TO j C6HUOH _ K O.OI3I I C Becquerel. 0.8107 " 0.0128 J 20 Jahn. Butyl .. C4H9OH O.8O2 1 a OOI24 20 u u O.OI24 15 Becquerel. Ethyl .. C2H5OH 0.7929 " T^ O.OIO/ 1 8-20 Quincke. tt * O.79OO ** O.OI 12 2O Jahn. It < O.7Q44 « O.OII4 I c Perkin. « « / ;/T^ 0-7943 0 O.OII3 j 16 Schonrock. Methyl CH3OH 0.7915 " O.OO94 18-20 Quincke. a * O 7Q2O " 0.0007 20 Jahn. it i / y~v U sj o.oi 06 I S Becquerel. a a O.7966 u 0.0096 o I c Perkin. « a 0.7903 " 0.0096 J 21.9 Schonrock. Octyl C8H17OH 0.8296 " 0.0134 15 Perkin. Propyl ..... C3II7OH 0.8050 tf O.OI 2O 20.8 Schonrock. " .. tt 0.8082 " O.OI 2O 15.0 Perkin. " a - " 0.0118 15 Becquerel. i> " O.8O42 tt O.OI 2O 20 Jahn. Benzene . • . . . . • CeHe 0.8786 « 0.0297 20 Jahn. ". « - " 0.0268 15 Becquerel. " . ' .. " 0.8718 It 0.0301 26.9 Schonrock. Bromides : Bromoform .... CHBr3 2.9O2I " 0.0317 15 Perkin. Ethyl C2H5Br 1.4486 " 0.0183 15 " Ethylene .... C2H4Br2 2.I87I " 0.0268 15 " « " 2.1780 K 0.0269 20 Jahn. Methyl CH3Br I-733I " 0.0205 0 Perkin. Methylene .... C H2Br2 2.4971 " 0.0276 15 " Octyl C8H17Br I.II70 " 0.0164 15 " Propyl C3H7Br 1.3600 " 0.0180 15 " Carbon d 'sulphide. CS2 1.2644 " 0.0441 18-20 Quincke. "... " - " 0.0434 O ( Becquerel, i 1885. " " .. a — " 0.0433 0 Gordon. i< a " - H 0.0420 18 Rayleigh. u a " - tt 0.0420 18 Koepsel. u 0.0439 O Arons. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 286 TABLE 3O4. MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATION Liquids. Substance. Chemical formula. Density in grammes per c. c. Kind of light. Verdet's constant in minutes. Temp. C. Authority. Chlorides: Amyl . . .. CHC1 0.8740 D O.OI4O 20 Jahn. Arsenic .... As - " 0.0422 15 Becquerel. Carbon .... C - " O.OI7O 15 " " bichloride ecu - " 0.0321 15 u Chloroform .. CHCU 1.4823 " 0.0164 20 Jahn. « u 1.4990 " 0.0166 15 Perkiri. Ethyl .'.'.'.. C2H6C1 0.9169 " 0.0138 6 " Ethylene .... C2H4C12 1.2589 " 0.0166 15 « " "' 1.2561 " 0.0164 20 Jahn. Methyl .... CH3C1 - " 0.0170 15 Becquerel. Methylene .... CH2d2 I-330I a 0.0162 15 Perkin. Octyl C8H17C1 0.8778 " 0.0141 15 " Phosphorus protochloride. PC13 - " 0.0275 15 Becquerel. Propyl . .. C3H7C1 0.8922 " 0-0135 15 Perkin. Silicon .... SiCl4 — " 0.0275 15 Becquerel. Sulphur bichloride S2CI2 - " 0.0393 15 " Tin bichloride . .. SnCU — " 0.0151 15 " Zinc bichloride. ZnCl2 - " 0.0437 15 H Iodides: Ethyl . . '. C2H5I 1.9417 " 0.0296 15 Perkin. Methyl .... CH3I 2.2832 " 0.0336 15 Octyl C8Hi7l •3395 " 0.0213 15 Propyl ..... C3H7I .7658 u 0.0271 15 Nitrates : Ethyl C2H5O.NO2 •"49 " 0.0091 15 Ethylene (nitroglycol) C2H4(N03)2 .4948 " 0.0088 IS Methyl .... CH3O.N02 •215? " 0.0078 15 Propyl .... C3H7O.N02 .0622 " O.OIOO 15 Trinitrin (nitroglycerine). C3H5(N03)3 •5996 " 00090 15 Nitro ethane C2H5N02 •0552 " 0.0095 15 Nitro methane. CH3NO2 .1432 " 0.0084 15 Nitro propane C3H5N02 .0100 " O.OIO2 15 ' Paraffins : Decane. CioH22 0.7218 " 0.0128 23.1 Schonrock. Heptane . . .. C7H16 0.6880 *' O.OI25 15 Perkin. Hexane .... C6H14 0.6580 " O.OI22 22.1 Schonrock. " .... " 0.6743 " O.OI25 15 Perkin. Octane .... CgHig 0.7011 " 0.0128 23.1 Schonrock. Pentane . , '. CsHi2 0.6196 " c.oirt) 21. 1 " " •. " 0.6332 " 0.0118 15 Perkin. Phosphorus (melted) P " 0.1316 33 Becquerel. Sulphur (melted). S - M 0.0803 114 " Toluene . . -. C7H8 0.8581 " 0.0269 28.4 Schonrock. '' .... " - " 0.0243 IS Becquerel. Water H2O O QQQ2 <4 O.OI 7O I r « i_>.yyy.i 0.9983 " 0.0131 18-20 Quincke. " .... " 0.9983 " 0.0132 20 Jahn. Xylene . .... CsHio " O.O22I 15 Becquerel. 0.8746 0.0263 27 Schonrock. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 287 TABLE 305. MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Solutions of Acids and Salts In Water. Substance. Cliemical formula. Density, grammes per c. c. i Kind of light. Verdet's constant in minutes Temp. C. Authority. Acetone . .. C3H60 0.9715 D O.OI29 20° Jahn. Acids : Hydrobromic HBr '•7859 " 0-0343 y Perkin. " • • " 1.6104 " 0.0304 " • • • • " 1-3775 " 0.0244 " " M " 1.2039 ' 0.0194 " " " "•••«, " 1.1163 4 o.o 1 68 " " Hydrochloric. HC1 1.2072 1 0.0225 * " " . • .. " 1.1856 ' 0.0219 * " .. " i-!573 ' 0.0204 * " " ... " 1.1279 ' 0.0193 1 " M ' 1.0762 ' o.o 1 68 • " >( ' 1-0323 " 0.0150 20 Jahn. U ' 1.0158 " 0.0140 " " Hydriodic .... HI 1-9473 u 0-0513 " Perkin. I-9057 " 0.0499 " " 1.8229 " 0.0468 " " 1.7007 " 0.0421 " 1-4495 " 0.0323 * 1.2966 " 0.0258 * " 1.1760 1 0.0205 • " Nitric . . . v. HNOs 1.5190 ' 0.00 10 1 " "..... " 1.3560 ' 0.0105 ' " Sulphuric + 3H2O. H,S04 ' 0.012 1 " Becquerel. NH3 0.8918 i O OI C"2 I r Perkin. Bromides : (J'U1 JJ 1 3 Ammonium . . ' '. NH4Br 1.2805 ' O.O226 " " " .... " 1.1576 1 o.o 1 86 " " Barium .... BaBr2 1-5399 " 0.0215 2O Jahn. "..... " i-2«55 " 0.0176 " " Cadmium .... CdBr2 1.3291 " 0.0192 " " " .... " 1. 1608 " 0.0162 " " Calcium .... CaBr2 1.2491 " 0.0189 " " " .... " I-I337 " 0.0164 " " Potassium .... KBr 1.1424 " 0.0163 " " " .... " 1.0876 " 0.0151 " " Sodium .... NaBr 1-135' 1.0824 <i 0.0165 0.0152 u M Strontium . .. SrBr2 1.2901 " o.o 1 86 " ' " .... " 1.1416 " 0.0159 " ' Carbonate of potassium. K2C03 1.1906 " 0.0140 20 ' " " sodium Na2C03 1. 1006 ii 0.0140 " ' it a ii _ " 1.0564 " 0.0137 " ' Chlorides : Ammonium (sal ammoniac) NH4C1 1.0718 " 0.0178 t's Verdet. Barium .... BaC'l2 1.2897 ii 0.0168 20 Jahn. " .... " 1-1338 " 0.0149 " " Cadmium .. CdCl2 '•3179 " 0.0185 " " " .... " '•2755 M 0.0179 " " " r .. M 1.1732 " 0.0160 " u. ., i-i53' " 0.0157 " " Calcium .. CaCl2 1.1504 " 0.0165 " " " . . .. " 1.0832 " 0.0152 " u " .... " 1.1049 " 0.0157 16 Schbnrock. Copper . .. CuCl2 1.5158 " O.O22I \S Becquerel. " .... " 1.2789 " o.o 1 86 " U 1-1330 0.0156 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 288 TABLE 305. MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Solutions of Acids and Salts in Water. Substance. Chemical formula. Density, grammes per c. c. Kind of light. Verdefs constant in minutes. Temp. C. Authority. Chlorides: Iron .... FeCl2 1-433' D 0.0025 '5° Becquerel. ' 1.2141 " 0.0099 " " / »• • ' 1.1093 " O.OIlS '' " ' i .0548 " 0.0124 " " (ferric) Fe2Cl6 I-6933 " — 0.2026 " ". * J-53'5 " — 0.1140 " ii . >^r 1 1-323° " —0.0348 " " ' 1.1681 " — 0.0015 " ". ' 1.0864 a O.OoSl " ft .. " 1.0445 " 0.0113 " ii * " 1.0232 " O.OI22 " 11 Lithium LiCl 1.0619 ii O.OI45 20 Jahn. " ... " 1.0316 " 0.0143 " " Manganese. MnCl2 1.1966 " 0.0167 15 Becquerel. • " 1.0876 " O.OI5O " Mercury . .. HgCl2 1.0381 " 0.0137 16 Schonrock. • " 1.0349 ' 0.0137 " " Nickel .... NiCl2 1.4685 ' 0.0270 15 Becquerel. " 1.2432 ' O.OI96 " " • • " 1-1233 ' O.OI62 " ii " " 1.0690 1 0.0146 " " Potassium. KC1 i. 6060 ' 0.0163 " ii. " 1.0732 ' 0.0148 20 Jahn. " ... " 1.0418 ' O.OI44 " " Sodium NaCl 1.2051 ' O.OlSo 15 Becquerel. • ** 1.1058 ' 0.0155 " " ... " 1.0546 ' O.OI44 " " " .... " 1.0817 ' O.OI54 2O Jahn. ii " 1.0418 ' O.OI44 " " Strontium. SrCl2 1.1921 ' 0.0102 " " " ... " 1.0877 ' 0.0146 " " Tin .... SnCl2 1.3280 1 0.0266 15 Verdet. ** " 1.1637 " 0.0198 " " I.III2 " 0.0175 it Zinc .... ZnCl2 1.2851 ' 0.0196 " " . . .. " i-r595 ' 0.0161 " Chromate of potassium. K2CrO4 i-359« 1 0.0098 M Bichromate of " K->Cr2O7 1.0786 ' 0.0126 " Cyanide  15 Perkin. " "... " 1.5688 " 0.0386 " 11 <i 1.5109 < 0.0358 " ii a a 1.2341 ' 0.0235 " " Cadmium Cdl 1-5156 ' 0.0291 20 Jahn. ... * 1.2770 ' 0.0215 " **. * 1.1521 ' 0.0177 " " Potassium. KI 1-6743 ' 0.0338 i(5 Becquerel. i-339« ' 0.0237 " " ... 1.1705 " 0.0182 " " .. 1.0871 " 0.0152 11 " . ' 1.2380 " O.O2II 20 Jahn. ... 1.1245 ii O.OI74 " Sodium . • . . '• Nal I-I939 " 0.0200 " • , • 1.1191 H 0.0175 " SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 289 TABLES 305-3O7. MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. TABLE 305. — Solutions of Acids and Salts in Water. Substance. Chemical formula. Density, grammes perc. c. Kind of light. Verdet's constant in minutes. Temp. Authority. Nitrates : Ammonium. NH4NO3 1.2803 D O.OI2I IS Perkin. Potassium .... KN03 1.0634 " O.OI3O 20 Jahn. Sodium .... NaNO3 I.III2 " O.OI3I " " Uranium .... U2O3.N2O5 2.O267 " 0.0053 " Becquerel. " .... " 1.7640 " 0.0078 « " " .... " L3865 " O.OIO5 " " " .... " I.I963 " O.OII5 11 " Sulphates : Ammonium (NH4)2S04 1.2286 " O.OI4O 15 Perkin. " (acid) NH4.HSO4 I.44I7 ' 0.0085 " Barium .... BaSO4 I.I788 i 0.0134 20 Jahn. " • . .. u 1.0938 ' 0.0133 (1 ' Cadmium .... CdSO4 I.I762 ' 0.0139 ti ' " • » " 1.0890 i 0.0136 M i Lithium .... Li2SO4 I.I702 « 0.0137 " ' " .... " 1.0942 ' 0.0135 It i Manganese .... MnSO4 I.244I ' 0.0138 U ' " .... " I.I4I6 * 0.0136 U i Potassium .... K2S04 1.0475 M 0.0133 u i Sodium .... NaSO4 1.0661 M 0.0135 u TABLE 306. - Solutions of Salts in Alcohol. Substance. Chemical formula. Density, grammes per c. c. Kind of light. Verdet's constant in minutes. Temp. Authority. Cadmium bromide . .. CdBr2 1.0446 D o.oi 59 2O Jahn. " " . « « 0.9420 " 0.0140 Calcium "... CaBr2 0.9966 u 0.0154 1 u 11 " 0.8846 " 0.0130 1 Strontium "... SrBr2 0.9636 " 0.0140 < " "... H 0.8814 " O.OI26 ( Cadmium chloride .. CdCl2 0.8303 (i O.OIlS ' Strontium " SrCl2 0-8313 " O.OI 18 < « « " 0.8274 a OOII7 << Cadmium iodide .. CdI2 1.0988 (1 0.0199 " u <« 0.9484 u 0.0156 « TABLE 307. — Solutions in Hydrochloric Acid. Substance. Chemical formula. Density, grammes per c. c. Kind of light. Verdet's constant in minutes. Temp. C. Authority. Antimony trichloride SbCl3 2-4755 D 0.0603 15 Becquerel. " ". 11 1.8573 " 0.0449 " '•S^S 0.0347 " I< II " 1.3420 ' 0.0277 Bismuth " BiClg 2.0822 1 0.0396 11 it « " 1-655° ' 0.0359 « « « 1.4156 0.0350 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 290 MAGNETO-OPTIC ROTATION. Gases. TABLE 308. Verdet's Substance. Pressure. Temp. constant in Authority. minutes. Atmospheric air Atmospheric Ordinary 6.83 X i o-6 Becquerel. Carbon dioxide .... 13.00 Carbon disulphide .... 74 cms. 70° C. 23-49 Bichat. Ethylene Atmospheric Ordinary 3448 Becquerel. Nitrogen ..... 6.92 " Nitrous oxide . . . . .. it « 16.90 i( Oxygen. " " 6.28 a Sulphur dioxide .... H " 3r-39 ' it it (4 246 cms. 20° C. 38.40 Bichat. Du Bois discusses Kundt's results and gives additional experiments on nickel and cobalt. He shows that in the case of substances like iron, nickel, and cobalt which have a variable mag- netic susceptibility the expression in Verdet's equation, which is constant for substances of con- stant susceptibility, requires to be divided by the susceptibility to obtain a constant. For this expression he proposes the name " Kundt's constant." These experiments of Kundt and Du Bois show that it is not the difference of magnetic potential between the two ends of the medium, but the product of the length of the medium and the induction per unit area, which controls the amount of rotation of the beam. TABLE 309. VERDET'S AND KUNDT'S CONSTANTS. The following short table is quoted from Du Bois' paper. The quantities are stated in c. g. s. measure, circular measure (radians) being used in the expression of "Verdet's constant " and " Kundt^ constant." Verdet's constant. Name of substance. Magnetic susceptibility. Wave-length of light Kundt's constant. Number. Authority. Cobalt .. _ _ _ 6.44 X J0~5 3-99 Nickel - - — , 3-J5 Iron . . .:. - - - 6.56 2.63 Oxygen : I atmo.. -f- 0.0126 X io~5 0.000179 X icr6 Becquerel. 5.89 0.014 Sulphur dioxide — 0.0751 0.302 14 — 4-OO Water — 0.0694 0-377 Arons — 5-4 Nitric acid — 0.0633 0-3S6 Becquerel. -5-6 Alcohol .. — 0.0566 0-330 De la Rive. -5-8 Ether.. — 0.0541 °-3 T 5 " -S-8 Arsenic chloride — 0.0876 1.222 Becquerel. • — '4-9 Carbon disulphide. — 0.0716 1.222 Rayleigh. — 17.1 Faraday's glass — 0.0982 1.738 Becquerel. —17-7 SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 2QI TABLE 310. MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LIQUIDS AND CASES. The following table gives a comparison by Du Bois* of his own and some other determinations of the magnetic sus- ceptibility of a few standard substances. Verdet's and Kundt's constants are in radians for the sodium line D. Substance. Verdet's constant. Faraday's value kX 10" Becquerel's value /tXio6 Wahner's value k X io« Water . . ... 3.77 X i o-6 — 0.69 —0.63 —0.536 Alcohol, C2H6O. 3-3° " —0-57 —0.49 —0.388 Ether, C4H10O. 3-15 " —0-54 - —0.360 Carbon disulphide 12.22 " — 0.72 —0.84 —0.465 Oxygen at i atmosphere . •; 0.00179" 0.13 0.12 - Air at i atmosphere 0.00194 " 0.024 O.O25 - Substance. Quincke at 20° C. Du Bois at is°C. Density. AXio6 Density. k Xio« Kundt's constant. Water ..... 0.9983 0.7929 —0.815 — 0.660 0.9992 0.7963 —0.837 — 0.694 —4-5° —4-75 Alcohol, C2H6O . . ' Ether, C4Hi0O .. 0.7152 — 0.607 0.7250 — 0.642 —4.91 Carbon disulphide 1.2644 —0.724 1.2692 —0.8 1 6 — 14.97 Oxygen at i atmosphere . < - - 0.00135 0.117 0.016 Air at i atmosphere . . j - - O.OOI23 0.024 0.08 1 TABLE 31 1. VALUES OF KERR'S CONSTANTS Du Bois has shown that the rotation of the major axis of vibration of radiations normally reflected from a magnet is algebraically equal to the normal component of magnetization multiplied into a constant K. He calls this con- stant, K, Kerr's constant for the magnetized substance forming the magnet. Color of light. Spectrum line. Wave- length in cms. X 10" Kerr's constant in minutes per c. g. s. unit of magnetization. Cobalt. Nickel. Iron. Magnetite. Red. Li a 67-7 — 0.02o8 —0.0173 — o.oi 54 +0.0096 Red . . ' — 62.0 — O.O [ 98 — O.O 1 60 — 0.0138 +0.0120 Yellow . '. D 58-9 — 0.0193 — O.OI54 — o.oi 30 +0.0133 Green. b 51-7 — 0.0179 — 0.0159 — O.OI 1 1 +0.0072 Blue. F 48.6 —0.0180 — 0.0163 — O.OIOI + O.OO26 Violet. G 43- r — 0.0182 —0.0175 — 0.0089 - * " Wied. Ann." vol. 35, p. 163. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. t H. E. J. G. Du Bois, " Phil. Mag." vol. 29. 292 TABLES 312, 313. EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE ELECTRIC RE- SISTANCE OF BISMUTH.* TABLE 312. — Resistance One Ohm for Zero Field and Various Temperatures. This table gives the resistance to the flow of a steady electric current when conveyed across a magnetic field of the strength in c. g. s. units given in the first column if the wire has a resistance of one ohm at the temperature given at the top of the col- umn when the field is of zero strength. Temp. C.— 0° 10° 18° 30° 50° 80° Field. Resistance. OOO .OOO .000 I. OOO .OOO .000 .OOO IOOO .018 .019 1.018 .017 .014 .007 2OOO •045 .050 1.045 •°4I •034 .015 3000 .088 .094 1.084 -°74 •055 .032 4000 •J35 •153 1.131 .118 .085 .050 5<X>O .185 .214 1.183 -'56 •"3 •0/4 6OOO .240 •273 1.242 | .202 .148 .100 7OOO 8000 •3°4 •365 •340 .406 1.295 r-35» .258 -308 .190 •223 .127 •154 9000 •423 .467 1.417 •355 .266 .182 IOOOO .480 •535 1.480 .409 •303 •203 15000 •743 •875 1.785 .665 •505 •343 2OOOO 2-507 2.087 1.927 •713 .490 25OOO - 2.846 2-393 2.193 •93 i .804 3OOOO - — 2.704 - — — 35°°° — - 3-03I — - - 40000 3-369 TABLE 313. —Resistance One Ohm for Zero Field and Temperature Zero Cen- tigrade. This table gives the resistance in different magnetic fields and at different temperatures of a wire, the resistance of which is one ohm at o° C., when the magnetic field is zero. The current is supposed to be steady and to flow across the field. Temp. C.= 0' 10° 18° 30° 50° 80° Field. Resistance. oooo 1. 000 •037 1.072 •"5 .200 J-332 IOOO I.OI8 •057 .091 .129 .217 I-34I 2000 1.045 .089 .118 •156 .241 '•352 3000 1. 088 •134 .162 .198 .266 1-375 4000 I-I35 .198 .210 .246 .302 i-397 5000 1.185 .260 •265 .290 •335 1.428 6000 1.240 •323 •327 •341 •379 1.464 7OOO 1.304 •392 •385 .404 .428 1.500 8000 ^365 •458 •453 .460 .465 J-536 9000 1.423 •523 •5'5 •5°9 .520 '•573 IOOOO 1.480 •592 •583 •573 .562 1.610 15000 1-743 1.946 .907 .860 .805 1.784 2OOOO — 2-295 2.243 2.148 2-055 1.980 25000 2.645 2.560 2.445 2.320 2-157 • Calculated from the results of J. B. Henderson's experiments, SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 293 Phil. Mag." vol. 38, p. 488. TABLE 314. SPECIFIC HEATS OF VARIOUS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS.4 SOLIDS. Substance. Temperature in Specific heat. Authority. degrees C. Alloys : Bell metal. 15-98 0.0858 R Brass, red O .08991 L " yellow ........ O .08831 " 8oCu-|-2oSn ". 14-98 .0862 R 88.7 Cu + 11.3 Al . . v. 2O-IOO .10432 Ln German silver ....... 0-100 .09464 T Lipowitz alloy : 24.97 Pb -f 10.13 Cd -f- 50.66 Bi -j- 14.24 Sn 5-50 •°345 M ditto IOO-I50 .0426 " Rose's alloy : 27.5 Pb -|- 48.9 Bi -)- 23.6 Sn. —77-20 .0356 S ditto 20-89 •°552 " Wrood's alloy : 25.85 Pb + 6.99 Cd + 52-43 Bi + 14-73 Sn 5-5° •0352 M ditto (fluid) 100-150 .0426 " Miscellaneous alloys : 17.5 Sb + 29.9 Bi + 18.7 Zn + 33.9 Sn 20-99 •05657 R 37.1 Sb + 62.9  Sn • g 10-99 .04507 " 63.8 Bi 4- 36.2 Sn . . . •. 20-99 .04001 " 46.9 Bi +53.1 Sn . : . . .. 20-99 .04504 " CdSn2 .. —77-20 •°5537 " Basalt ......... 2O-IOO .2O-.24 - Calcspar 16-48 .206 K Diamond . . . ... —50-5 •0635 H W ......... 10.7  c A cXo H Gas coal . . . , . .. 20-1040 •3M5 _ Glass, crown .. 10-50 .161 H M " flint 10-50 .117 " " mirror . . . .... 10-50 .186 " Gneiss ......... — 19-20 .1726 R W '' ......... 17-213 •2143 ;' Granite O-IOO .I9-.20 J& B Graphite —50-3 .1138 H W " . ... 10.8 .1604 " • . ; . ... 138-5 •2542 " ' ......... 2OI.6 .2966 u 1 ......... 641.9 •445° " ',......... 977-0 .4670 " 16-1040 .310 D REFERENCES. A M — A. M. Mayer. B = Batelli. D = Dewar. E = Emo. G & T = Gee & Terry. H & D = De Heen & Deruyts. H M = H. Meyer. H W = H. F. Weber. J & B = Joly & Bartoli. K = Kopp. L = Lorenz. Ln = Luginin. M = Mazotto. Ma=Marignac. P= Person. Pa=Pagliani. Pn = Pionchon. R = Regnault. R W == FLWeber. T = H. Tomlinson. Th = Thomsen. W = Wachsmuth. * Condensed from more extensive tables given in Landolt and Bernstein's " Phys. Chem. Tab." SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 294 TABLE 314. SPECIFIC HEATS OF VARIOUS SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS. Substance. Temperature in Specific Authority. degrees C. Gypsum  . . - . . .. 2I-I .5017 " India rubber  •525' " .. 0-20 •6939 " " .........  " " ......... 400-1200 •305 « Sulphur, cryst 17-45 .163 K Vulcanite . . . ... . . .. 2O-IOO •33'2 A M LIQUIDS.  " " methyl ..' 5-io .5901 " « i< 15-10 .6009 u Benzene 10 .3402 H&D « 40 •4233 " Ethyl ether . . * O .5290 R Glycerine ......... '5-5° •576 E Oils, castor . . .. - •434 W " citron . . . .. 5-4 .438 H W  CuSO4+ 5oH2O ". 12-15 .848 " <« 4. OOQ H2O . . . ... 12—14 .QCl u + 400 H2O '. I3-I7 7 J •975 H ZnSO4 + soH2O • .... 20-52 .842 Ma " + 200 HoO. 20-52 •95 2 " KOH + 3oII2O . . . . .^. 18 .876 Th + 200 H2O. 18 • •975 " NaOH + 50 H20 . . . '. 18 .942 " " + 100 H2O ....... 18 •983 " NaCl + ioH2U. 18 .791 " + 2coH2O . . . .... 18 .978 " Sea water : density 1.0043 17-5 .980 " " " " 1-0235 (about normal) T7-5 •938 (< 1-0463 17-5 •903 REFERENCES. A M = A. M. Maver. B — Batelli. D = Dewar. E = Emo. G & T = Gee & Terry. H & D = De lleen & Deruyts. H M = H. Meyer. H W = H. F. Weber. J & B = Joly & Bartoli. K = Kopp. L = Lorenz. Ln = Luginin. M — Mazotto. Ma = Marignac. P= Person. Pa=Pagliani. Pn = Pionchon. R = Regnault. R W = R. Weber. T = H. Tomlinson. Th = Thomsen. W = Wachsmuth. SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 295 TABLE 315. SPECIFIC HEAT OF METALS.' Metal. Temperature in Specific O Metal. Temperature in Specific 0 'degrees C. heat. 3 degrees C. heat. 1 Aluminium .. 2O 0.2135 N Manganese 14-97 O.I2I7 R " .. IOO .2211 " Mercury : solid. — 78 to — 40 .03192 M u 2OO .2306 1 20-50 •033' 2 W " 300 .24OI ' o •03337 N Antimony . .. 15 .04890 1 IOO .03284 ". IOO •05031 ' 2OO .03235 " " ... 2OO .05198 ' 250 ..03212 « " ... 300 .05366 ' Nickel .... 14-97 .10916 R Bismuth . .. O •03013 L ' .... IOO .11283 In ' ... 20-84 •0305 K ' .... 300 .14029 ' ' fluid .. 280-380 •0363 P ' .... 500 .12988 ' Cadmium . .. 21 •0551 N ' .... 800 .1484 ' ' ... IOO. .0570 " ' .... IOOO .16075 1 ' ... 20O .0594 " Palladium . .. O-IOO .0592 V ' ... 300 .0617 " " ... 0-1265 .0714 u Calcium . .. O-IOO .1804 B Platinum . .. — 78-20 •03037 s Chromium (?) 22-51 •09975 K ' ... O-IOO •0323 V Cobalt .... 9-97 .10674 R ' ... 0-784 •°365 " ' .... 500 .14516 Pn ' ... O-IOOO •0377 «< ' .... 1000 .204 ". 0-1177 .0388 " Copper .... o .08988 L ' ... 1300 •03854 Pt 50 .09166 " ' ... 1400 .03896 " 17 .09244 N ' ... itoo .03980 " .... IOO .09422 " Potassium . .. —78.5-23 .1662 s. 2OO .09634 " Silver .... O-ICO •0559 B 300 .09846 " 23 .05498 N Gold . . .. O-IOO .0316 V IOO .05663 14 Indium . .. O-IOO •0323 " 2CO •05877 " " ... 0-1400 .0401 " 300 .06091 " Iron - I ? IOQI N 800 .076 Pn * J IOO 'lICI fluid .. 907-1 ioo / w .O748 ',, 2OO .I24Q <. Sodium .... — 70.15—17 •v/ T^ .2870 s u •3.OO & ^ty .1-776 (| / ™ J / —28-6 »JW .2Q74 R u J***' * 3f .1764? Pn Tin .'..!! — 78-20 :/O * S n 7OO / VT- J / o .05368 L u / *"* 720—1000 .218 a « « IOOO-I2OO .19887 « < 75 0^641 a Lead .... —78-11 .03065 R ' fluid . .. 250-350 .0637 P " .... 15 •02993 N ' " ... 250 •05799 I'll " .... IOO .03108 " ' " ... I IOO .0758 " u 2OO O72J* M Zinc O— IOO QQ'J r B " fluid . .. "UO *o«c6 Sp 18 .0915 N J 360 .04.006 F , IQO .0951 Lithium 27— QQ rw«f**2*W .04.08 R , s 2OO K Magnesium »/ yy o •y£r<*~r .2456 L . , •3.OO .IO4O 7 1 .2 ^OQ < J~~ 300-400 .122 LV / j REFERENCES. B = Bunsen. K = Kopp. L = Lorenz. LV = Le Verrier. N = Naccari. P = Person. Pn = Pionchon. Pt = Pouillet. R = Regnault. S = Schiiz. Sp= 'Spring. V = Violle. W = Winkelmann. * Condensed from Landolt and Bbrnstein's " Phys. Chem. Tab." SMITHSONIAN TABLES. 296 INDEX. Al)sorption of gases by liquids 125 of solar energy by the atmosphere 177 Acceleration, angular and linear, conversion factors for 17, 18 Activity, conversion factors for 19, 21 Aerodynamics ; data for the soaring of planes 109 data for wind pressure 108 Agonic lines 117 Air, specific heat of 223 thermometer 228, 229 Alcohol, density of 96-98 vapor pressure of 126, 225 Alloys, electric conductivity of 251-253 electric resistance of 251-253, 256, 257 density of 85 specific heat of 294 strength of 73 thermal conductivity of 197 thermoelectric power of 248, 249 Alternating currents, resistance of wires for. 258 Alums, indices of refraction for 180 Angles, conversion factors for 14 Aqueous solutions, boiling-points of ....'... 196 vapor, density of 155 pressure of 151-154 Arc spectrum, wave-lengths in 172 Areas, conversion factors for 1 1 Atmosphere, pressure of vapor in 157 Atomic weights 272 Barometer, correction for capillarity 124 determination of heights by 169 reduction to latitude 45° 122, 123 reduction to sea level 121 reduction to standard temperature 120 Battery cells, composition and electromotive force of 246, 247 Bismuth, electric resistance of, in magnetic field 293 Boiling-point, of chemical elements 207 of various inorganic compounds 210 of various organic compounds 212 of water, barometric height correspond- ing to 171 of water, effect of dissolved salts on. ... 196 Brick, strength of 70 British weights and measures, equivalents in metric 7 Capacities, conversion factors for 12 Capacity, specific inductive 263-265 Capillarity, of aqueous solutions 128 correction of barometer for 1 24 of liquids as solidifying-point 129 of soap films 1 29 Capillarity (continued). surface-tension of water and alcohol ... 128 various liquids 1 27 Carat, definition of 18 Cells, battery 246, 247 secondary 247 standard 247 Chemical elements, boiling and melting points of 207 Cobalt, Kerr's constants of 291 magnetic properties of 279 Coefficients, isotonic 150 of diffusion 147, 149 of friction 135 of thermal expansion 214—218 of viscosity 137, 146 Color scale, Newton and Reinold and Rucker 130 Combination, heat of 202 Combustion, heat of 201 Compressibility, of gases 79, 8 1 of liquids 82 of solids 83 Conducting power of alloys 251-253 Conductivities, molecular 260, 261 of electrolytes 259 thermal 197, 198 Contact, difference of potential 268 Conversion factor, definition of xviii Conversion factors for acceleration, angular. . 18 acceleration, linear 17 activity 19, 21 angles 14 areas 1 1 capacities 12 densities 23 electric deposition 24 electric displacement 25 electric potential 27 electric resistance 23 energy 20, 2 1 film tension 20, 22 force 17 heat, quantities of 24 intensity of magnetization 26 length ii masses 13 moment of inertia 13 moment of momentum 16 momentum 16 magnetic moment 27 magnetization, intensity of 26 magnetization, surface density of 26 power 19, 21 resistance, electric 23 stress 19, 22 temperatures 25 tension, film or surface 20 298 INDEX. Conversion (continued). time, intervals of 14 velocities 15 volumes 12 work 20, 21 Critical temperature of gases 200 Crystals, cubic expansion of 216 elastic constants of 78 formulae for elasticity of 77 refractive indices of 187 Cubic expansion, gases 218 liquids 217 solids 216 Cyclic magnetization, dissipation of energy in 280-283 Declination, magnetic 1 13-1 18 Densities, of air, values of /i/?6o 162 alcohol 96-98 alloys and other solids 85 aqueous solutions 90 gases -. 89 liquids 88 mercury 95 metals 86 organic compounds 212 water 92-94. woods 87 Density, conversion factors for 23 Dew-points, table for calculating 158 Diamonds, unit of weight for 13 Dielectric strength 244, 245 Diffusion of gases and vapors 149 liquids and solutions 147 Dilution of solution, contraction due to ... .134 Dimension formulae (see also Units) xvii Dip, magnetic 1 1 1 Dynamic units, dimension formulas of xvii formula? for conversion of 2 Dynamical equivalent of thermal unit 219 Earth, miscellaneous data concerning 106 Elasticity, moduli of 74~?8 Electric conductivity of alloys 251, 252 of metals 255 relation to thermal 271 constants of wires 58-68, 254 displacement .25 potential, conversion factors for 27 resistance, conversion factors for 23 resistance, effect of elongation on 258 units, conversion factors for 3 units, dimension formulae xxv Electrochemical equivalents and atomic weights 272 of solutions 259 Electrolytes, conductivities of 259 Electrolytic deposition, conversion factors for 24 Electromagnetic system of units xxix Electromotive force of battery cells. .246, 247 Electrostatic system of units xxvi Electrostatic unit of electricity, ratio of, to electromagnetic 243 Elliptic integrals 43 Elongation, effect on resistance of wires. .258 Emissivity 234, 235 Energy, conversion factors for 20, 21 Equivalent, electrochemical 272 electrochemical of solutions 259 mechanical, of heat 220 Expansion, thermal 214, 218 Factors, conversion 1 1 -27 formulae for conversion 2, ^j Film-tension, conversion factors for 20, 22 constants for 1 28, 1 29 Fluor spar, refractive index of 183 Formulae for conversion factors, dynamic units 2 electric and magnetic units 3 fundamental units 2 geometric units 2 heat units 3 Formulas, dimension (see also Uttils}. .xvii-xxix Force, conversion factors for 17 Force de cheval, definition of 19 Fraunhofer lines, wave-lengths of 175 Freezing mixtures 199 Freezing-point, lowering of, by salts 192 Friction, coefficients of 135 Functions, hyperbolic 2S~35 gamma 38 Fundamental units .2 Fusion, latent heat of 206 Gamma functions 38 Gases, absorption by liquids 125 compressibility of 79~8i critical temperatures of >. 200 density and specific gravity of 89 expansion of 218 magnetic susceptibility of 292 magneto-optic rotation in 291 refractive indices of 190 specific heat of 224 thermal conductivity of 198 viscosity of 145, 146 volume of perfect (values of i -|- .00367 1) 164-168 Gauges, wire 58-68 Geometric units, conversion formulae for 2 Glass, electric resistance of 270 indices of refraction for 178, 179 Gravity, force of 102-104 Harmonics, zonal 40 Heat, conversion factors for quantities of. 299 Indices of refraction for alums (continued). quartz 186 rock salt 182 solutions of salts 188 sylvine 182 Inductance, mutual 42 Integrals, elliptic .43 Intensity, horizontal, of earth's magnetic field 112 total, of earth's magnetic field no Iron, elasticity and strength of 72 hysteresis in 280-283 magnetic properties of 274-283, 292 Isotonic coefficients 1 50 Jewels, unit of weight for 13 Joule's equivalent 220 Kerr's constant, definition and table of 292 Kilogramme, definition of xvi Kundt's constants 291 definition of 291 Latent heat 204, 206 Least squares, various tables for 35, 37 Legalization of practical electric units. . . .xxxiv Length, conversion factors for 1 1 Light, velocity of 176-243 rotation of plane of polarized 191 Linear expansion of chemical elements 214 of various substances 215 Liquids, absorption of gases by 125 compressibility and bulk moduli of 82 density of 88 magneto-optic rotation in 286, 287 magnetic susceptibility 292 refractive indices of 189 specific heat of 295 thermal conductivity of 197, 198 thermal expansion of 217 Lowering of freezing-point by salts 192 Magnetic field, effect of, in resistance of bis- muth 293 moment, conversion factors for 27 permeability 274-280 properties of cobalt, manganese steel, magnetite and nickel 279 properties of iron and steel 276 saturation values for steel 279 susceptibility of liquids and gases 292 units, conversion formulae for 3 dimension formulae for xxv Magnetism, conversion factors for surface density 26 terrestrial 1 10-1 18 Magnetization, conversion factors for inten- sity of 26 Magnetite, Kerr's constant for 292 magnetic properties of 279 Magneto-optic rotation, general reference to 284 tables of 285-291 Masses, conversion factors for 13 Materials, strength of 7°~73 Measurement, units1 of xv Mechanical equivalent of heat 220 Melting-points of chemical elements 207 Melting-points (continued). of mixtures and alloys 211 of organic compounds 212 Mercury, density of 86 electric resistance of 255, 256 index of refraction 181 specific heat of 225 strength of 70 Metals, density of 86 electric resistance of 254-258 specific heat of 296 thermal conductivity of 197 Metals and metallic oxides, indices of refrac- tion for 181 Metre, definition of xvi Metric weights and measures — equivalents in British .....* 5 equivalents in United States 10 Mixtures, freezing 199 Moduli of elasticity 74-83 Molecular conductivities 261, 262 Moments of inertia, conversion factors for. . . 13 Moment of momentum, conversion factor for 16 Momentum, conversion factors for 13 Mutual inductance, table for calculating 42 Neutral-points, thermoelectric 249 Newton's rings and scale of colors 130 Nickel, Kerr's constants for 292 magnetic properties of 279 Ohm, various determinations of 262 Osmose and osmotic pressure 1 50 Pearls, unit of weight for 13 Peltier effect ... 250 Pendulum, length of seconds 104, 105 Permeability, magnetic 274-280 Photometric standards 176 Planets, miscellaneous data concerning 106 Poisson's ratio 76 Polarized light, rotation of the plane of 191 Potential, contact difference of 268 difference of, between metals in solu- tions 269 electric, conversion factors for 27 Pound, definition of xvi Power, conversion factors for 19, 21 Practical electrical units xxxiii Pressure, barometric, for different boiling- points of water 170, 171 critical, of gases 200 effect on radiation 236 of aqueous vapor 151-154 at low temperatures 156 in the atmosphere 1 57 of mercury column 119 osmotic 1 50 of vapors 126, 225-227 of wind 1 08 Probability, table for calculating 36 Quartz, fibres, strength of 70 refractive index of . . 186 Radiation, effect of pressure on 236 of inorganic compounds 2c8 ! Relative humidity 161 300 INDEX. Resistance (see also Conductivity), electric. of alloys 251-253, 256, 257 of electrolytes 259 of glass and porcelain 270 of metals and metallic wires 254-257 of wires, effect of elongation on 258 Rigidity, modulus defined 74 of metals 74 variation of, with temperature 76 Rotation, magneto-optic 284-291 Saturation values, magnetic, for steel 279 Seconds pendulum, length of 104, 105 Secondary batteries 247 Sections of wires 44~54> 58-68 Sheet metal, weight of 56, 57 Soaring of planes, data for 109 Solar constant 177 Solar spectrum, wave-length in 172 Solids, compressibility and bulk moduli of . . .83 density of 85 magneto-optic rotation in 284 Solution, contraction produced by 131-134 Solutions, aqueous, boiling-points of 196 density of 90 magneto-optic rotation in 288-290 refractive indices for . '. 188 specific heat of 224 Sound, velocity of, in air 99 in gases and liquids 101 in solids 100 Specific electrical resistance, conversion fac- tors for 23, 254-256 Specific gravity (see also Density). of aqueous ethyl alcohol 96 methyl alcohol 97 of gases 89 Specific heat of air 223 of gases and vapors 224 of metals 296 of solids and liquids 294, 295 of water 223 of water, formulae for 222 Specific inductive capacity 263-265 viscosity, aqueous solutions 144 oils 137 water 1 36 Spectra, wave-lengths in arc and solar 172 Standard cells 247 wave-lengths of light 172 Standards, photometric 176 Steel, physical properties of 71 Steam, properties of saturated 237 Steinmetz, constants for hysteresis of 281 Stone, strength of 70 thermal conductivity of 197 dielectric 244 Strength of materials 70-73 Stress, conversion factors for 19, 22 Surface-tension, constants of 128, 129 conversion factors for 20, 22 Sylvine, refractive index of 182 Temperature, conversion factors for 25 critical, of gases 200 Terrestrial magnetism, agonic lines 117 declination, data for maximum east at various stations 1 18 dip and its secular variation for differ- ent latitudes and longitudes 1 1 1 Terrestrial magnetism (continued). horizontal intensity and its secular varia- tion for different latitudes and longi- tudes 112 secular variation of declination . . . . 1 13-116 Thermal conductivities 197, 198 relation to electrical 271 expansion, coefficients of 214-218 units, dynamic equivalent of 219 Thermoelectricity .248-250 Thermometer 228-233 air 228, 231 correction of, for mercury in stem 232 hydrogen 231 mercury in glass 229 zero change due to heating 229 zero, change of, with time 230 Timber, strength of 70 Time, unit of, defined xvii Times, conversion factors for 14 Transformers, permeability of iron in 274, 275, 280, 282 Units of measurement xv dimension formulae for dynamic xviii electric and magnetic xxv electromagnetic xxix electrostatic xxvi fundamental .2 heat xxiii practical, legalization of electric xxxiii ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic 243 United States weights and measures in metric 9 Vapor, density of aqueous 155 diffusion of 149 pressure of 1 26, 225-227 pressure of aqueous 151-154 values of 0.378 e 160 pressure of, for aqueous solutions 194 refractive indices for 190 specific heats of 224 Vaporization, latent heat of 204 Velocity, angular and linear, conversion fac- tors for 15 of light 176, 243 of sound 99, 101 Verdet's constants for alcoholic solution of salts 290 aqueous solutions of salts 287 gases 291 hydrochloric acid solutions of salts 290 liquids and solids 285-287 and Kundt's constants 292 Viscosity, coefficient, definition of 136 coefficient of, for aqueous alcohol 137 for gases 1 46 for liquids 1 38 temperature effect on, for liquids 139 specific, for oils 137 for water 1 36 Volumes, conversion factors for 12 critical, of gases 200 Water, boiling-point for various barometric pressures 170, 171 density of 92~94 specific heat of 222, 223 INDEX. 3OI Water (continued). thermal conductivity of 198 viscosity of 136 Wave-lengths of Fraunhofer lines 175 standard for arc and solar spectrum. . . . 172 Weights and measures — British Imperial to Metric 7, 8 Metric to British Imperial 5, 6 Metric to United States 10 United States to Metric 9 Weights of sheet metal 56, 57 Weights of wires 44- 54 Wind, pressure of 108 Wire, gauges 58-67 Woods, densities of 88 Work, conversion factors for 20, 21 Yard, definition of ... .xvi Young's moduli 75 modulus, definition of 75 Zonal harmonics 40 BSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW 6 1S18 MOV 25 1916 OCt i- )924 V l- 14 1925 NOV 25 27N«v54YlI NOV121354 LU 1 30 30m-l,'15 ; K K *-. 