None
Butterfly. — The male on the upper side is dark blackish-brown, with three small subapical spots, and one small spot below these, near the origin of the third median nervule. The female is ex- actly like the male, except that it has two spots, the larger one being placed below the small spot corresponding to the one on the fore wing of the male. The wings on the under side are dark fuscous, somewhat clouded with darker brown, the spots of the upper side reappearing on the under side. Expanse, $> , 1.40 inch; ? , 1.50 inch. Early Stages. — Very little has been written upon the early stages. The butterfly ranges from southern Connecticut to Florida, thence westward to Texas, and along the Gulf coast in Mexico. (2) Lerema hianna, Scudder, Plate XLVI, Fig. 9, S ', Fig, 10, ? (The Dusted Skipper). Butterfly. — The upper side is accurately represented in the plate. The wings on the lower side are as on the upper side, a trifle paler and somewhat grayer on the outer margin. Expanse, 3 , 1.15 inch; ?, 1.25 inch. 366 Genus Megathymus Early Stages. — Unknown. It ranges through southern New England, westward to Wiscon- sin, Iowa, and Nebraska, in a comparatively narrow strip of country. (3) Lerema Carolina, Skinner, Plate XLVI, Fig. 36, 6 (The Carolina Skipper). Butterfly. — On the upper side the butterfly is as represented in the plate. The spots are repeated on the under side of the fore wing, but less distinctly defined. The costa is edged with brownish-yellow. The hind wings on the under side are yellow, spotted with small dark-brown dots. Expanse, 3, i.oo inch. The female is unknown. Early Stages. — Wholly unknown. This species has thus far been found only in North Carolina, and is still extremely rare in collections. The figure in the plate represents the type. I have seen other specimens. I place it provisionally in the genus Lerema, though it undoubtedly does not belong here, and probably may represent a new genus. Lacking material for dissection, I content myself with this reference. Genus MEGATHYMUS, Riley This genus comprises butterflies having very stout bodies, broad wings, strongly clubbed antennae, very minute palpi. The caterpillars are wood-boring in their habits, living in the pith and Fig. 181. — Megathymus yucccv, 9- underground roots of different species of Yucca. The life-his- tory of the species represented in the cuts has been well described 367 Genus Megathymus by the late Professor C. V. Riley, and the student who is curious to know more about this remari<able insect will do well to con- sult the " Eighth Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Fig. 182. — Megathymus yuccce: a, egg, magnified; h, egg from wliich larva has escaped; bb, bbb, unhatched eggs, natural size; c, newly liatched larva, magnified; cc, larva, natural size; d, head, enlarged to show the mouth-parts; e, maxillary palpi;/, antenna; g, labial palpi; h, spinneret. Missouri" (p. 169), or the "Transactions of the St, Louis Acad- emy of Science" (vol. iii, p. 323), in which, with great learning, the author has patiently set forth what is known in reference to the insect. The genus Megathymus is referred by some writers to the Castniidce, a genus of day-flying moths, which seem to connect the moths with the butterflies ; but the consideration of the ana- tomical structure of this insect makes such a reference impos- sible. The genus properly represents a subfamily of the HesperiidiV, which might be named the Mcgathvmina\ The species represented in our cuts is Megathymus yucca:, Boisdu- val and Leconte. There are a number of other species of Megaflymus that are found in our Southern States, principally in Texas and Arizona. They are interesting insects, the life-history of which is, however, in many cases obscure, as yet. Fig. 183. — Chrysalis oi Mcgatbjiinis yucccc. 368 Conclusion We here bring to a conclusion our survey of the butterflies of North America. There are, in addition to the species that have been described and figured in the plates, about one hundred and twenty-five other species, principally Hesperiidce, which have not been mentioned. The field of exploration has not by any means been exhausted, and there is no doubt that in the lapse of time a number of other species will be discovered to inhabit our faunal limits. The writer of these pages would deem it a great privilege to aid those who are interested in the subject in naming and iden- tifying any material which they may not be able to name and identify by the help of this book. In laying down his pen, at the end of what has been to him a pleasurable task, he again re- news the hope that what he has written may tend to stimulate a deeper and more intelligent interest in the wonders of creative wisdom, and takes occasion to remind the reader that it is true, as was said by Fabricius, that nature is most to be admired in those works which are least— "Natura maxime miranda in minimis." 369 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION The first edition of this book having been nearly exhausted in less than a month after publication, the author has not yet had opportunity to avail himself of the criticisms of scientific friends who are presumably looking for sins of omission and commis- sion, of which it is sincerely hoped they will acquaint him when discovered. Thus far all criticisms have been of an approbatory character, and have only expressed pleasure. The writer is indebted to Mr. Harrison G. Dyar, the Honorary Curator of the Department of Entomology in the United States National Museum, for reminding him of the fact, which he had carelessly overlooked, that the larva and chrysalis of Eumxus atala (see p. 237) have been fully described by Scudder, " Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History," vol. ii., p. 413, and by Schwartz, "Insect Life," vol. i., p. 39. The caterpillar is found abundantly upon the "coontie" {Zamia intcgrifolia, Willdenow), and the insect, according to Schwartz, fairly swarms in the pine- woods between the shores of Biscayne Bay and the Everglades. 370 INDEX aaroni, Phycanassa, 363 Abbot, John, 70 abbotti, Papilio, 307 abdomen, 7, 17 aberrations, 24 acadica, Thecla, 242 ; Pieris, 280 acastus, Melitaea, 143 accius, Lerema, 366 Achalarus, genus, 325 ; callus, 326; lycidas, 325 acis, Thecla, 240, 246 acmon, Lycasna, 266 Acrasa, genus, 162 AcraeinEe, subfamily, 162 Actinomeris, 157 Adelpha, genus, 187 ; californica, 187 adenostomatis, Thecla, 245 adiante, Argynnis, 123 Admiral, The Red, 170 Admirals, The White, 182; Hulst's, 185; Lorquin's, 185 agmilia, Thorybes, 325 asnus, Amblyscirtes, 341 aetna, Thymelicus, 351 affinis, Thecla, 249 afranius, Thanaos, 334 agarithe, Catopsilia, 287 Ageronia, genus, 193 ; feronia, 194 ; fornax, 194 Agraulis, genus, 96 Agrion, genus of dragon-flies, 86 ajax, Papilio, 307 alberta, Brenthis, 135 albinism, 24 albinos, 64 alcestis, Argynnis, 107 ; Thecla, 241 alexandra, Colias, 292 aliaska, Papilio, 312 alicia, Chlorippe, 190 alma, Melitsea, 147 * alope, Satyrus, 215 alpheus, Pholisora, 331 Alpines, The, 208; Alaskan, 209; Colo- rado, 209 ; Common, 210; Red-streaked, 209 Althaea, 170 Amarantaceas, 330 Amarantus, 335 Amblyscirtes, genus, 339 ; aenus, 341 ; samo- set, 340 ; simius, 341 ; textor, 341 ; vialis, 340 American Entomological Society, 73 ammon, Lycasna, 270 Amorpha californica, 289 ampelos, Coenonympha, 207 amymone, Cystineura, 177 amyntula, Lycasna, 268 anal angle of wing, 19 Anartia, genus, 174; jatrophas, 174 Anatomy of Butterflies, 14-25 Ancyloxypha, genus, 344 ; numitor, 345 andria, Pyrrhanaea, 9, 192 androconia, 18, 19 Angle-wings, The, 163; Colorado, 165; Graceful, 166 anicia, Melitaea, 140 Animal Kingdom, The Place of Butterflies in the, 58 annetta, Lycaena, 266 Anosia, genus, 81 ; berenice, 82, 84 ; plex- ippus, 4, 6, 7, II, 12, 14, 15, 63, 82, 171 ; strigosa, 84 antennae of caterpillar, 6; of butterfly, 14, 16, 23, 61 Antennaria, 170 Anthocharis, genus, 282 Anthrenus, a museum pest, 53 antiacis, Lycaena, 261 antiopa, Vanessa, 5, 7, 94, i6g Antirrhinum, 173 antonia, Chlorippe, 189 aortal chamber, 23 aphrodite, Argynnis, 107 apparatus, collecting, 26 ; for breeding butterflies, 34 ; for mounting butterflies, 39 ; for inflating caterpillars, 45 ; for pre- serving specimens, 48 ; pins, 56 ; forceps, 56 Aquilegia canadensis, 334 aquilo, Lycaena, 263 Arabis, 284 arachne, Melitasa, 148 Arachnida, 59 arctic butterflies, 171 Arctics, The, 218; Bruce's,223; Greater, 220; Labrador, 223; Macoun's, 221; Mead's, 222 ; Uhler's, 222 Argynnis, genus, 96, 99, loi, 161, 172; adiante, 123 ; alcestis, 107; aphrodite, 18, 107 ; artonis, 123 ; atlantis, 108 ; atossa, 122; behrensi, 115; bischoffi, 124; brem- neri, 113 ; callippe, 118 ; carpenteri, 106; chitone, 116; cipris, 107; clio, 124; Co- lumbia, III; Cornelia, no; coronis, 117; 37' Index cybele, io6 ; diana, 103; edvvardsi, iig ; egleis, 126; electa, iii ; eurynonie, 125; halcyone, 116; hesperis, 112; hippolyta, 112 ; idalia, 103 ; inornata, 122 ; lais, 109 ; laura, 120 ; leto, 105; liliana, 119; niaca- ria, 121; meadi, 119; monticola, 114; montivaga, 126 ; nausicaa, 108 ; neva- densis, 118; nitocris, 105; nokomis, 104; opis, 124; oweni, 109; platina, 117; piir- purescens, 114; rhodope, 115; rupestris, 120 ; semiramis, 121 ; snyderi, 118 ; ze- rene, 113 ariadne, Colias, 29 ariane, Satyrus, 216 Aristolochia, 315, 316 army-worm, 257 Arnold, Sir Edwin, quotations from, 214, 258 arota, Chrysophanus, 252 arrangement, of specimens, 52 ; of species, 62 arsace, Thecla, 248 arthemis, Basilarchia, 184 Arthropoda, definition of, 59; subdivisions of, 59 artonis, Argynnis, 123 Asama-yama, volcano, 150 Asclepias, 81 Asimina triloba, 308 astarte, Brenthis, 135 aster, Lycaena, 266 asterias, Papilio, 314 Astragalus, 240 astyanax, Basilarchia, 184 atala, Eumasus, 237, 370 atalanta, Pyrameis, 170 Atalopedes, genus, 352; huron, 352 atlantis, Argynnis, 108 atossa, Argynnis, 122 Atrytone, genus, 363 ; delawarc, 365 ; nie- lane, 365 ; pocahontas, 364 ; taxiles, 365 ; viteliius, 364; zabulon, 364 attalus, Erynnis, 349 augusta, Melitsea, 141 augustus, Thecla, 247 ausonides, Euchloe, 283 australis, Calephelis, 233 autolycus, Thecla, 241 Azalea occidentalis, 166 bachmanni, Libythea, 227 bairdi, Papilio, 313 baits for butterflies, 32 Banded Reds, The, 175 Baptisia, 333 Barbauld, Mrs., quotation from, 75 barnesi, Phyciodes, 155 baroni, Melitaea, 141 ; Satyrus, 216 base of wing, 19 Basilarchia, genus, 182 ; arthemis, 184 astyanax, 183 ; disippus, 3, 8, 84, 185 eros, 186; floridcnsis, 186; hulsti, 84 185; lorquini, 185; proserpina, 184 pseudodorippus, 185; weidemeyeri, 185 Bates, H. Edwards, 71 Butterflies, Widely Distributed, 171 Butterfly, Bairds, 313 ; Bruces, 313 ; Chryxus, 221; Holland's, 314; Iduna, 220; Varuna, 222; White Mountain, 222 Butts, Mary, quotation from, 251 byssus, Limochores, 358 cabinets, 50 coenius, Calephelis, 232 cassonia, Meganostoma, 289 ccespitalis, Hesperia, 328 Calais, Qtneis, 221 calanus, Thecla, 243 Calephelis, genus, 232 ; australis, 233 ; bo- realis, 232 ; ceenius, 232 ; nemesis, 233 Calicoes, The, 193; Orange-skirted, 194; White-skirted, 194 California, Coenonympha, 205 californica, Adelpha, 187 ; Mechanitis, 87 ; Vanessa, 168 callias, Erebia, 209 Callicore, genus, 178 ; clymena, 178 callippe, Argynnis, 118 Callosune, genus, 162 Calpodes, genus, 355 ; ethlius, 356 calverleyi, Papilio, 314 Camberwell Beauty, The, 169 camillus, Phyciodes, 155 canthus, Satyrodes, 200 Cardamine, 284 cardui, Pyrameis, 170, 171 Carduus, 170 carinenta, Libythea, 227 Carnegie Museum, The, 49, 50, 338 Carolina, Lerema, 367 carpenteri, Argynnis, 106 Carryl, Charles Edward, quotation from, 208 caryas, Pyrameis, 170 Cassia, 286 Castniidae, family, 368 Caterpillar and the Ant, The, 316 caterpillars, structure, form, color, etc., 5- 11; social habits, 8; nests, 8; wood- boring, 8; moulting, 9; manner of de- fense, 9 ; protected by color, 8 ; duration of life of, 10 ; preservation of, 44-48 ; carnivorous, 9. See Feniseca Catopsilia, genus. 285; agarithe, 287; eubule, 286; philea, 286 Catullus, Pholisora, 330 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, 168 cecrops, Thecla, 246 cellus, Achalarus, 326 celtis, Chlorippe, 189 Celtis, genus of plants, 188 centaureag, Hesperia, 327 ' Cerasus (Wild Cherry), 310 Ceratinia, genus, 88 ; lycaste, 88 ; var. negreta, 88 cethura, Euchloe, 284 chalcedon, Melitsea, 139 chalcis, Thecla, 244 chara, Melitaea, 146 chariclea, Brenthis, 132 charitonius, Heliconius,92 charon, Satyrus, 217 Chenopodium album, 330 Chicken-thief, a supposed, 33 Chionobas, genus, 218 chiron, Timetes, 180 chitone, Argynnis, 116 Chlorippe, genus, iS3 ; alicia, 190; antonia, 189 ; celtis, 189; clyton, 190; flora, 191; leilia, igo ; montis, 190 chrysalis, form of, 11; color, 12; duration of life of, 13 ; preservation of, 43 chrysippus, Danais, 182 chrysomelas, Colias, 291 Chrysophanus, genus, 251 ; arota, 252 ; editha, 253; epixanthe, 254; gorgon, 253 ; helloides, 254 ; hypophlasas, 254; mariposa, 254 ; rubidus, 255 ; sirius, 255 ; snowi, 255; thoe, 253; virginiensis, 252 ; xanthoides, 253 cipris, Argynnis, 107 citima, Thecla, 239 Citrus, 311 clara, Lycaena, 259 Clark, Willis G., quotation from, 250 Classification of Butterflies, 58 Claudia, Euptoieta, 99 cleis, Lemonias, 232 Clerck, Charles, 69 ; " Icones," 69 olio, Argynnis, 124 Clitoria, 322 clitus, Thanaos, 336 clodius, Parnassius, 305 club-men, 176 clymena, Callicore, 178 clypeus, 14, 15 clytie, Thecla, 247 clyton, Chlorippe, 190 Cnicus, 170 Codling-moth, 257 crenia, Junonia, 173 Coenonympha, genus, 205; ampelos, 207; California, 205; eiko, 206; eryngii, 250; galactinus, 205 ; haydeni, 207; inornata, 206; kodiak, 207; ochracea, 206; pam- philoides, 207 ; pamphilus, 207 ; typhon, 206 Colaenis, genus, 94 ; delila, 95 ; julia, 95 Cold, In the Face of the, 224; effects of, on butterflies, 225 Coleridge, S. T., quotation from, 306 Colias, genus, 161, 163, 289; alexandra, 292 ; ariadne, 291 ; behri, 294 ; chrysome- las, 291 ; elis, 290 ; eriphyle, 291 ; eury- theme, 290; interior, 292; keewaydin, 291; meadi, 290; nastes, 293; pelidne, 293 ; philodice, 17, 291 ; scudderi, 293 collecting apparatus, 26-34 collecting-jars, 28-30 Collections and Collectors, 337 colon, Melitaea, 140 colon. The, 22 color, of eggs of butterflies, 4 ; of caterpil- lars, 8 Columbia. Argynnis, iii comma, Grapta, 165 Comstock, John Henry, "A Manual for the Study of Insects." 74 comyntas, Lycaena, 268 373 Index Cook, Eliza, quotation from, 198 Copjeodes, genus, 345 ; myrtis, 346 ; pro- cris, 345; wrighti, 346 Coppers, The, 236, 251; American, 254; Bronze, 253 ; (Jreat, 253 ; Least, 254 ; Ne- vada, 252; Purplish, 254; Reakirt's, 254; Ruddy, 255 ; Snow's, 255 coresia, Timetes, 180 Cornelia, Argynnis, no coronis, Argynnis, 117 costal margin of wing, 19 costal vein, 20, 21 couperi, Lycasna, 261 Cowan, Frank, quotations from, 90, 299 Cowper, quotation from, 275 coxa, 17, 18 Cramer, Peter, 69 ; " PapillonsExotiques," 69 cremaster, 11 creola, Debis, 199 Creole, The, 199 Crescent-spots, The, 150; Pearl, 153 cresphontes, Papilio, 311 creusa, Euchloe, 283 Crimson-patch, The, 159 crocale, Synchloe, 160 Crustacea, 59 crysalus, Thecla, 239 cybele, Argynnis, 106 Cystineura, genus, 177; amymone, 177 cythera, Lemonias, 230 dasdalus, Lycasna, 260 Dagger-wings, The, 179; Many-banded, 180; Ruddy, 180 damaris, Terias, 296 damon, Thecla, 246 Danais chrysippus, 182 "darning-needles," 86 daunus, Papilio, 310 Debis, genus, 198 ; creola, 199 ; portlandia, 199 delaware, Atrytone, 365 delia, Terias, 298 delila, Colaenis, 95 Dermestes, a museum pest, 53 diana, Argynnis, 103, 127 Dichora, genus, 195 Diclippa, 157 dimorphism, 23 Dione, genus, 96; vanillas, 97 dionysius, Neominois, 213 Dircenna, genus, 89; klugi, 89 disa, Erebia, 209 discal area of wing, 19 discocellular veins, 21 discoidalis, Erebia, 209; Thecla, 246 disippus, Basilarchia, 3, 8, 84, 185 Disniorphia, genus, 273; melite, 274 Distribution of Butterflies, 25 Dog-face Butterflies, 288 ; Californian, 288 ; Southern, 289 Doherty, William, 338 domicella, Hesperia, 327 dorsal vessel, 22 dorus, Plestia, 322 Drake, Joseph Rodman, quotation from, 320 Druce, Herbert, 338 dryas, Grapta, 165 drying-boxes, 42 drying-ovens, 46, 47 dumetorum, Thecla, 249 duryi, Lemonias, 230 Dusky-wings, The, 324, 332; Afranius', 334; Butler's, 325 ; Dark, 333 ; Dreamy, 333 ; Funereal, 336 ; Horace s, 336 ; Juvenal s, 335; Lucilius", 333; Martial's, 335; Nae- vius', 336 ; Northern, 324; Mrs. Owen's, 325; Pacuvius', 336; Persius", 334; Pe- tronius', 335 ; Sleejjy, 332; Southern, 325 Dyar, Harrison G., 186 dymas, Melitaea, 145 eagle, white-headed, 63 editha, Chrysophanus, 253 ; Melitaea, 142 Edwards, W. H., Author of " Butterflies of North America," vi, 71 ; types of butter- flies named by, vi edwardsi, Argynnis, 119 ; Thecla, 243 eggs of butterflies, 3-5 ; how to secure, 34; preparation and preservation of, 43 egleis, Argynnis, 126 elada, Melitaea, 145 elathea, Terias, 298 electa, Argynnis, in Elfin, Banded, 249; Brown, 247; Hoary, 248 elis, Colias, 290 elko, Coenonympha, 206 Elwes, Henry J., 338 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, quotations from, 197, 319 Emperor, The Mountain, 190; The Tawny, 190 enoptes, Lycasna, 264 " Entomologica Americana," 73 " Entomologist, The Canadian, ' 73 entomology, definition of, 59; in high schools, 257 envelopes for butterflies, 37 Epargyreus, genus, 322 ; tityrus, 323 epigena, Thorybes, 325 epipsodea, Erebia, 210 epithore, Brenthis, 135 epixanthe, Chrysophanus, 254 Erebia, genus, 208, 224 ; callias, 209 ; disa, 209; discoidalis, 209; epipsodea, 210; ethela, 210 ; magdalena, 211 ; mancinus, 209 ; Sofia, 210 ; tyndarus, 210 Eresia, genus, 157 ;'frisia, 157 ; ianthe, 158 ; punctata, 158; texana, 158; tulcis, 158 Ericaceas, 244 eriphyle, Colias, 291 eros, Basilarchia, 186 Erycininae, subfamily, 228 eryngii, Coenonympha, 205 Erynnis, genus, 346; attalus, 349; leonar- dus, 349 ; manitoba, 347 ; nietea, 348 ; morrisoni, 347 ; ottoe, 348 ; sassacus, 348; snowi,35o; sylvanoides, 349; uncas, 349 eryphon, Thecla, 248 ethela, Erebia, 210 Ethiopian Faunal Region, 161 ethlius, Calpodes, 356 cubule, Catopsilia, 286 Euchloe, genus, 282 ; ausonides, 283 ; ce- thura, 284 ; creusa, 283 ; flora, 282 ; genu- tia, 4, 284; Julia, 283; lanceolata, 285; 374 Index morrisoni, 284 ; pima, 284 ; reakirti, 282 ; rosa, 284 ; sara, 282 ; stella, 283 Eudamus, genus, 320; proteus, 321 eufala, Lerodea, 356 Eumagus, genus, 237 ; atala, 237, 370 ; min- yas, 237 Eunica, genus, 175; monima,i76; tatila, 176 Euphorbiaceas, 192 Euphyes, genus, 359; metacomet, 360; verna, 360 Euploeinae, subfamily, 78, 80 ; protected in- sects, 84; Indo-Malayan, 161 Euptoieta, genus, 98; claudia.gg; hegesia, 100 eurydice, Meganostoina, 288 eurymedon, Papilio, 308 eurynome, Argynnis, 125 eurytheme, Colias, 290 eurytus, Neonympha, 203 Exchanges, 344 exilis, Lycagna, 269 external angle of wing, 19 external margin of wing, 19 eyes, of caterpillars, 6 ; of butterflies, 14, 16 fabricii, Grapta, 164 Fabricius, Johann Christian, 69 Fad, The Butterflies', 186 Families of Butterflies, 64 Family names, 63 Faun, The, 165 Faunal Regions, 161 faunus, Grapta, 165 favonius, Thecla, 240 Fawcett, Edgar, quotation from, 228 felicia, Nathalis, 281 femur, 17, 18 Feniseca, genus, 250; tarquinius, 9, 251 feronia, Ageronia, 194 Field, Eugene, quotation from, 74 field-boxes, 30 flava, Terias, 296 Flint, Charles L., edition of Harris* Re- port, 71 flora, Chlorippe, igi ; Euchloe, 282 floridensis, Basilarchia, 186 ; Papilio, 307 food of caterpillars, 10 food-plants, Selection of, by female butter- fly. 5 Food-reservoir, 22 forceps, 56 fornax, Ageronia, 194 Fossil Insects, 195 freija, Brenthis, 132 French, Professor G. H., 72 frigga, Brenthis, 133 frisia, Eresia, 157 Fritillary, The Variegated, 99; Mexican, 100 ; Regal, 103 ; Great Spangled, 106 ; Miss Owen's, no; Behr's, 114; Behrens', 115; Skinner's, 117; Snyder's, 118; Ed- wards', 119; Cliff-dwelling, 120; Plain, 122; Bischoff's, 124; Silver-bordered, 129; Hiibner's, 130; White Mountain, 131 ; Boisduval's, 132 ; Lapland, 132 ; Polar, 133 ; Meadow, 134 front, definition of, 14 fuliginosa, Lyceena, 258 fulla, Lycagna, 259 funeralis, Thanaos, 336 gabbi, Melitaea, 144; Satyrus, 216 Galactia, 333 galactinus, Coenonympha, 205 ganglia, 22, 23 garita, Oarisma, 343 Geirocheilus, genus, 211 ; tritonia, 211 gemma, Neonympha, 202 genoveva, Junonia, 174 genus, definition of, 63 genutia, Euchloe, 284 Gerardia, 173 Geyer, Karl, 70 Gibson, WiUiam Hamilton, quotation from, 93 gigas, OEneis, 220 Glass-wing, The Little, 360 glaucon, Lycaena, 264 glaucus, Papilio, 309 Gnaphalium, 170 Goatweed Butterfly, The, 192; Morrison's, 193 Godman, F. D., 338 gorgon, Chrysophanus, 253 Gossamer-wing, The Sooty, 258 gracilis, Grapta, 166 Grapta, genus, 163 ; comma, 5, 165 ; dryas, 165; fabricii, 164; faunus, 165; gracilis, 166; harrisi, 165; hylas, 165; interroga- tionis, 164; marsyas, 165 ; progne, 166; satyrus, 165 ; silenus, 166 ; umbrosa, 164 ; zephyrus, 166 greasy specimens, 54 Grossulaceag, 167 grunus, Thecla, 238 gundlachia, Terias, 295 Hackberry Butterflies, 188, 189 Hair-streaks, The, 236, 237 ; Acadian, 242 ; Banded, 243; Behr's, 247; Boisduval's, 238; Bronzed, 244; Colorado, 239; Com- mon, 242 ; Coral, 250 ; Drury's, 246 ; Early, 249; Edwards', 243; Gray, 245; Great Purple, 239; Green-winged, 249; Green White-spotted, 249; Hedge-row, 244; Henry's, 248; Hewitson's, 245; Martial, 240; Nelson's, 245; Olive, 246 ; Southern, 240; Striped, 244; Texas, 241 ; Thicket, 245 ; White-M, 240; Wittfeld's, 241 halcyone, Argynnis, 116 halesus, Thecla, 239 Hamadryas, genus, 85 Hannington, Bishop, 172 hanno, Lycasna, 269 Harris, Dr. T. W., 70; " Report on the Insects of Massachusetts which are Inju- rious to Vegetation," 71 harrisi, Grapta, 165 ; Melitaea, 144 Harvester, "The, 251 Haworth, quotation from, 236 haydeni, Coenonympha, 207 hayhursti, Pholisora, 331 head, of butterfly, 14; of caterpillar, 6 heart, 22, 23 hegesia, Euptoieta, 100 Heine, quotation from, 281 helena, Brenthis, 131 Heliconiinae, subfamily, 78, 91, 162 Heliconius, genus, 92, 162; charitonius, 92 helloides, Chrysophanus, 254 375 Index Hemans, Mrs. Felicia, quotation from, 303 henrici, Thecla, 248 henshawi, Neonympha, 202 hermodur, Parnassius, 306 Hesperia, genus, 326 ; casspitalis, 328 ; cen- taurcEB, 327; domicella, 327; niontivaga, 327; nessus, 329; scriplura, 328; xanthus, 328 Hesperiidae, family, 21, 66, 318; fossil, 196 Hesperiinae, subfamily, 320 hesperis, Argynnis, 112 Heterocera, 62 Heterometabola, 59 heteronea, Lycsena, 259 hianna, Lerema, 366 hibernaculiim of Basilarchia, 183 hibernation of caterpillars, 10, 37 hippolyta, Argynnis, 112 Hoary-edge, The, 326 hoffmanni, Melitaea, 143 Holland, Philemon, quotation from trans- lation of Livy, 85 hollandi, PapiliO; 314 Hood, Thomas, quotation from, 237 horatius, Thanaos, 336 Hornaday, W. T., vii Hosackia argophylla, 249 howardi, Phycanassa, 363 Hiibner, Jacob, 69 ; works of, 70 Hugo's " Flower to Butterfly," 74 hulsti, Basilarchia, 84, 185 humuli, Thecla, 242 Humulus, 170 huntera, Pyrameis, 170 Hunter's Butterfly, 170 huron, Atalopedes, 352 hylas, Grapta, 165 Hylephila, genus, 354 ; phylasus, 354 Hypanartia, genus, 175 ; lethe, 175 Hypolimnas, genus, 180 ; misippus, 171, 181 hypophlasas, Chrysophanus, 254 ianthe, Eresia, 158 icarioides, Lycagna, 260 icelus, Thanaos, 333 idalia, Argynnis, 103 iduna, (T'.neis, 220 ilaire, Tachyris, 276 imago, the, 13 Immortality, 57 Indigofera, 335 Indo-Malayan Faunal Region, 161 indra, Papilio, 312 ines, Thecla, 247 inflating larvae, 44 Ingelow, Jean, quotation from, 150, 188 inner margin of wing, 19 inornata, Argynnis, 122, Coenonympha, 206 Insect pests, 53 Insecta, 59 Insects, Fossil, 194 Instinct, 280 interior, Colias, 292 interrogationis, Grapta, 164 intestine, 22, 23 iole, Nathalis, 281 irus, Thecla, 248 ismeria, Phyciodes, 152 isola, Lycaena, 268 isophthalma, Lycaena, 269 isthniia, Mechanitis, 87 Ithoniiinas, subfamily, 78, 85, 162 itys, Thecla, 243 ivallda, (Eneis, 222 Jackson, Helen Hunt (H. H.), quotation from, 318 j-albuni, Vanessa, 168 janais, Synchloe, 159 Japan, Collecting \n, 149 jatrophas, Anartia, 174 jucunda, Terias, 298 Julia, Colaenis, 95 ; Euchloe, 283 Juniperus virginiana, 246 unonia, genus, 172; coenia, 173; geno- veva, 174 ; lavinia, 173 jutta, (Eneis, 222 juvenalis, Thanaos, 335 Kansas grasshopper, 257 Karisbader pins, 56 keewaydin, Colias, 291 Kenia, Mount, 172 Key to Subfamilies of Nymphalidas, 79 Kilima-njaro, 172 Kirby, Beard, & Co.'s pins, 56 klugi, Dircenna, 89 kodiak, Coenonympha, 207 Kricogonia, genus, 287; lyside, 287; te- rissa, 287 labels, 52 labial palpi. lygdamas, Lycaena, 262 lyside, Kricogonia, 287 macaria, Argynnis, 121 MacDonald, George, quotation from, 201 macglashani, Melitsea, 140 machaon, Papilio, 312 macouni, CEneis, 221 maculata, Oligoria, 361 magdalena, Erebia, 211 Malachites, The, 194 ; The Pearly, 195 Malacopoda, 59 m-album, Thecla, 240 Malpighian vessel, 22, 23 manataaqua, Limochores, 357 mancinus, Erebia, 209 mandan, Pamphila, 342 mandibles of caterpillar, 6 manitoba, Erynnis, 347 Many-banded Dagger-wing, The, 180 marcellus, Papilio, 308 marcia, Phyciodes, 153 mardon, Polites, 354 marginata, Lycaena, 267 marina, Lycaena, 270 mariposa, Chryjophanus, 254 maritima, Satyrus, 215 marsyas, Grapta, 165 martialis, Thecla, 240; Thanaos, 335 massasoit, Poanes, 361 Maxillae, of caterpillars, 6 ; of butterflies, 14 Maynard, C. J., 72, 73 McDonald, quotation from, 177 meadi, Argynnis, 119; Satyrus, 216 ; Colias, 290 Mechanitis, genus, 86; californica, 87; isthmia, 87; polymnia, 88 median area of wing, 19 median nervules, 21 median vein, 20, 21 Meganostoma, genus, 28S ; caesonia, 289 ; eurydice, 288 Megathyminae, subfamily, 368 Megathymus, genus, 367 ; yuccae, 368 melane, Atrytone, 365 melanism, 24 melinus, Thecla, 242 melissa, Lycaena, 265 Melitsea, genus, 137, 161, 163 ; acastus, 143; alma, 147 ; anicia, 140 ; arachne, 148 ; augusta, 141; baroni, 141; beani, 140; bolli, 147; chalcedon, 139; chara, 146; colon, 140; dymas, 145; editha, 142; elada, 145; gabbi, 144 ; harrisi, 144 ; hoff- manni, 143; leanira, 146 ; macglashani, 140; minuta, 148; nubigena, 141; nym- pha, 148 ; palla, 143; perse, 146; phaeton, 4, 138; rubicunda, 142; taylori, 142; thekla, 147; wheeleri, 141 ; whitneyi, 143; wrighti, 147 melite, Dismorphia, 274 menapia, Neophasia, 275 mesothorax, 17, 23 Metabola, 60 metacomet, Euphyes, 360 Metal-marks, The, 228 Metal-marks, The, 230 ; Behr's, 230 ; Dury's, 230 ; Dusky, 233 ; Little, 232 ; Northern, 232 ; Palmer's, 231 ; Southern, 233 metathorax, 17, 23 metea, Erynnis, 348 mexicana, Terias, 296 ^ micropyle, a. middle discocellular vein, 21 milberti, Vanessa, 169 mildew, 54 Milkweed Butterfly. See Anosia Mime, The, 274 Mimic The, 181 Mimicry, 24, 235 mintha, Lycasna, 260 minuta, Melitaea, 148 minyas, Eumaeus, 237 misippus, Hypolimnas, 171, 181 " Missouri Reports," The,by C. V. Riley, 73 Monarch, The, 82 monima, Eunica, 176 "• Monkey, story about, 68 ; butterflies dis- tasteful to, 92 monstrosities, 24 montana, Phyciodes, 156 monticola, Argynnis, 114 montinus, Brenthis, 131 montis, Chlorippe, igo montivaga, Argynnis, 126; Hesperia, 327 monuste, Pieris, 277 Moore, Thomas, quotation from, 58 377 Index Moravian Brethren, 127 mormo, Lemonias, 229 Mormon, The, 229 morpheus, Phyciodes, 154 Morris, Rev. John G., " Catalogue of the Described Lepidoptera of North Amer- ica," 71 morrisoni, Erynnis, 347; Euchloe, 284; Pyrrhanaea, 193 moths, how to distinguish, from butterflies, 62 mould on specimens, 54 moulting of caterpillars, 9 mounting butterflies, 38 ; English method, 39; continental method, 39; on setting- boards, 40; on setting-blocks, 42 Mount Washington, N. H., 220 Mourning-cloak, The, 169 Mulberry-wing, The, 361 Munkittrick, quotation from, 128 muscles of head of butterfly, 15, 16 mylitta, Phyciodes, 155 Myriapoda, 59 myrina, Brenthis, 129 myrtis, Copasodes, 346 mystic, Thymelicus, 351 nsevius, Thanaos, 336 nais, Lemonias, 230 names, family, 63 ; generic, 63 ; specific, 63 ; scientific, 66 ; popular, 68 ; use of, 67 Naphthaline as a preventative of infection, 53 Naphthaline cones, 53 napi, Pieris, 279 nastes, Colias, 293 Nathalis, genus, 281 ; iole, 281; felicia, 281 nausicaii, Argynnis, 108 Nearctic Faunal Region, 161, 163 neglecta, Lyceena, 267 negreta, Ceratinia, 88 nelsoni, Thecla, 245 nemesis, Calephelis, 233 Neominois, genus, 212 ; dionysius, 213 ; ridingsi, 213 Neonympha, genus, 201 ; eurytus, 18, 203 ; gemma, 202; henshawi, 202; mitchelli, 203 ; phocion, 202 ; rubricata, 204 ; sosy- bius, 204 Neophasia, genus, 274 Neotropical Faunal Region, 161, 162 nephele, Satyrus, 215 nervous system of lepidoptera, 22, 23 nervules, 21 nessus, Hesperia, 329 nets, 26-28 ; the use of, 31 nevadensis, Argynnis, 118 " News, The Entomological," 73 " New York Entomological Society, Jour- nal of the," 73 Nicholas, Grand Duke, 338 nicippe, Terias, 296 nigra, Lycaena, 267 niphon, Thecla, 249 nitocris, Argynnis, 105 nitra, Papilio, 312 nokomis, Argynnis, 104 Nova Scotian, The, 222 nubigena, Melitsea, 14X number of species of butterflies in the United States, 25 numitor, Ancyloxypha, 345 nycteis, Phyciodes, 151 nynipha, Melitasa, 148 Nymphalidas, 65, 'jj; subfamilies of, 78; fossil, 196 Nymphalinag, subfamily, 78, 93; eggs of, 94; Indo-NIalayan, 161 Nymphs, The (see Nymphalinas) ; Eyed, 198 ; Common Grass, 200 ; Spangled, 201 Oarisma, genus, 343 ; garita, 343 ; powe- sheik, 343 Oberland, Bernese, 172 Oberthiir, M. Charles, 338 occidentalis, Pieris, 278 ochracea, Ccenonympha, 206 ocola, Prenes, 355 Q£neis, genus, 218, 224; brucei, 223; Ca- lais, 221 ; chryxus, 221 ; gigas, 220 ; iduna, 220; ivallda, 222 ; jutta, 222; macouni, 221; semidea, 222 ; taygete, 223; uhleri, 222 ; varuna, 222 oesophagus, of butterfly, 15, 16, 23 ; of caterpillar, 22 cetus, Satyrus, 218 oleracea-hiemalis, Pieris, 279 Oligoria, genus, 361 ; maculata, 361 olympus, Satyrus, 215 opis, Argynnis, 124 Orange-tips, The, 282 ; Falcate, 284 ; Pima, 284 ; Reakirt's, 282 oregonia, Papilio, 314 Ornithoptera, genus, 162, 272 ; paradisea, 162 ; victoria, 162 orseis, Phyciodes, 154 osmateria, 9 ottoe, Erynnis, 348 outer angle of wing, 19 oviduct, 23 oweni, Argynnis, 109 Packard, A. S., " Guide to the Study of Insects," 74; "A Text-book of Ento- mology," 74 packing specimens, 55 pacuvius, Thanaos, 336 Palasarctic Faunal Region, 161 palamedes, Papilio, 315 palatka, Limochores, 358 palla, Melita2a, 143 pallida, Pieris, 297 palmeri, Lemonias, 231 palpi, of caterpillars, 6 ; of butterflies, 16, 23 Pamphila, genus, 342 ; mandan, 342 Pamphilinx', subfamily, 339 pamphiloides, Coinonympha, 207 pamphilus, CcEnonympha, 207 papering specimens, 37 Papilio, genus, 161, 162, 272, 306; abbotti, 307 ; ajax, 307 ; aliaska, 312 ; antimachus, 162; asterias, 6, 13, 314; bairdi, 313; brevicauda, 313; brucei, 313; calverleyi, 314; cresphontes, 311; daunus, 310; eurymedon, 308; floridensis, 307; glau- cus, 309 ; hollandi, 314; indra, 312 ; ma- chaon, 312; marccllus, 308; nitra, 312; oregonia, 314 ; palamedes, 315 ; philenor, 378 Index 6, 12, 315; pilumnus, 310; polydamas, 316 ; rutulus, 309 ; telamonides, 308 ; thoas, 311 ; troilus, 9, 315 ; turnus, 3, 23, 309; walshi, 307,; zolicaon, 312 "Papilio," journal devoted to entomology, 73 Papilionidae, 66, 272 Papilioninag, subfamily, 304 ; fossil, 196 paradisea, Ornithopiera, 162 Parnassians, The, 304 Parnassius, genus, 304 ; behri, 306 ; clo- dius, 305 ; hermodur, 306 ; smintheus, 306 Passiflora, 96 passion-flower, 92, 97, 98, 99 Patched Butterflies, The, 159 paulus, Satyrus, 217 Peacock Butterflies, 172 Peacock, The White, 174 Pearly-eye, The, 199 peckius, Polites, 353 pectus, 17 pegala, Satyrus, 215 pelidne, Colias, 293 Periodical literature of entomology, 73 perse, Melitaea, 146 persius, Thanaos, 334 petronius, Thanaos, 335 phaeton, Melitasa, 138 phaon, Phyciodes, 153 pheres, Lycasna, 261 philea, Catopsilia, 286 philenor, Papilio, 315 philodice, Colias, 291 phocion, Neonympha, 202 Pholisora, genus, 330 ; alpheus, 331 ; Catul- lus, 330 ; hayhursti, 331 ; libya, 331 Phycanassa, genus, 362 ; aaroni,363 ; how- ardi, 363 ; viator, 362 Phyciodes, genus, 150; barnesi, 155; batesi, 154; camillus, 155 ; ismeria, 152 ; marcia, 153 ; montana, 156 ; morpheus, 154 ; my- litta, 155 ; nycteis, 151 ; orseis, 154 ; phaon, 153; picta, 156; pratensis, 154; tharos, 153 ; vesta, 152 phylagus, Hylephila, 354 piasus, LycEena, 268 picta, Phyciodes, 156 Pierinse, subfamily, 272 ; fossil, 196 Pieris, genus, 276 ; acadica, 280 ; beckeri, 277; bryoniag, 279; monuste, 277; napi, 279 ; occidentalis, 278 ; oleracea, 5, 13, 18 ; oleracea-hiemalis, 279 ; pallida, 279 ; protodice, 12, 278 ; rapag, 280 ; sisymbri, 278 ; vernalis, 278 ; virginiensis, 279 pilumnus, Papilio, 310 pima, Euchloe, 284 pins, 56 Piperaceas, 192 Plantago, 173 platina, Argynnis, 117 Plestia, genus, 322 ; dorus, 322 plexippus, Anosia, 82 Pliny, quotation from, 85 Poanes, genus, 361 ; massasoit, 361 pocahontas, Atrytone, 364 podarce, Lycsena, 263 Podostomata, 59 polaris, Brenthis, 133 Polites, genus, 353; mardon, 354; peckius, 353 ; sabuleti, 354 polydamas, Papilio, 316 polymnia, Mechanitis, 88 polymorphism, 23 pontiac, Limochores, 358 Pope, Alexander, quotation from, 304 Populus, 169 portia, Pyrrhanoea, 193 portlandia, Debis, 199 potato-bug, 257 powesheik, Oarisma, 343 pratensis, Phyciodes, 154 precostal veins of Erycininse, 228 Prenes, genus, 355 ; ocola, 355 proboscis of butterflies, 14-16, 23 procris, Copasodes, 345 progne, Grapta, 166 prolegs, of caterpillars, 7 ; anal, 8 proserpina, Basilarchia, 184 protective mimicry, 25 proterpia, Terias, 295 proteus, Eudamus, 321 prothorax, 17, 23 protodice, Pieris, 278 pseudargiolus, Lycaena, 267 pseudodorippus, Basilarchia, 185 " Psyche," journal devoted to entomology, Ptelea, 311 punctata, Eresia, 158 pupa. See Chrysalis Purple, The Banded, 184 ; The Red-spotted, purpurescens, Argynnis, 114 pylades, Thorybes, 324 Pyrameis, genus, 169 ; atalanta, 170 ; car- dui, 170, 171 ; caryae, 170 ; huntera, 170 ; indica, 172 Pyrrhanasa, genus, 191 ; andria, 9, 192 ; morrisoni, 193; portia, 193 Pyrrhopyge, genus, 319 ; araxes, 319 Pyrrhopyginas, subfamily, 319 Queen, The, 84 Queens, The Tropic, 180 Quercus, chrysolepis, 239 Question-sign, The, 164 Race after a Butterfly, 127 Ramsay, Allan, quotation from, 316 rapas, Pieris, 280 Reakirt, 87-90 reakirti, Euchloe, 282 rectum, 22, 23 Red Rain, 299 Reds, The Banded, 175 Regions, Faunal, 161 relaxing specimens, 41 Repairing broken specimens, 55 Rhamnus californicus, 309 rhodope, Argynnis, 115 Rhopalocera, origin of term. 16; suborder of lepidoptera, 60, 62 Ribes, 252 ridingsi, Neominois, 213 Riley, James Whitcomb, quotation from., 276 Riley, Professor C. V., vii, 73, 80, 256 Ringlets, The, 205; Alaskan, 207; Cali- fornian, .cos; Elko, 206; Hayden's, S07; 379 Index Ochre, 206; Plain, 206; Ringless, 207; Utah, 207 Robinia pseudacacia, 323 Rogers, quotation from, 294 rosa, Euchloe, 284 Ross, Commander James, 224 Rossetti, Christina, quotation from, 294 rossi, Laria, 224 Rothschild, Hon. Walter, 338 rubicunda, Melitaea, 142 rubidus, Chrysophanus, 255 rubricata, Neonympha, 204 Ruddy Dagger-wing, The, 180 Rumex, 253 rupestris, Argynnis, 120 Russell, quotation from, 339 rustica, Lycosna, 263 rutulus, Papilio, 309 sabuleti, Polites, 354 Sachem, The, 352 saepiolus, Lycasna, 260 saepium, Thecla, 244 sagittigera, Lycaena, 262 samoset, Amblyscirtes, 340 sara, Euchloe, 282 sassacus, Erynnis, 348 sassafras, 315 Satyr, The, 165 Satvrinas, subfamily, 78, 197 ; fossil, 196 Satyrs, The: Baron's, 216; Boisduval's, 218; Carolinian, 204; Gabb's, 216; Geor- gian, 202; Little Wood-, 203; Mead's, 216; Mitchell's, 203; Red, 204; Ridings', 213 ; Scudder's, 213 Satyrodes, genus, 200 ; canthus, 200 Satyrus, genus, 214 ; alope, 215 ; ariane, 216; baroni, 216; boopis, 216 ; charon, 217; gabbi, 216 ; maritima, 215 ; meadi, 216; nephele, 215 ; cetus, 218 ; olympus, 215 ; paulus, 217 ; pegala, 215 ; sthenele, 218; tcxana, 215 satyrus, Grapta, 165 sauer-kraut, 257 Saxifraga, 306 scales of wings, 18; how to remove, 19; arrangement on wing, 20 scale-insects, injurious to orange-trees, 256 Schaus, William, 160 scriptura, Hesperia, 328 Scudder, Dr. S. H., author of" The But- terflies of New England," vi, vii, 72, 73 Scudderi, Lycaena, 265 ; Colias, 293 Sedum, 306 segments constituting external skeleton of caterpillar, 6 semidca, CEneis, 222 semiramis, Argynnis, I2i setting-blocks, 39 setting-boards, 39 setting-needles, 40 sex, 64 sex-signs, 64 Shakespeare, quotations from, 91, 205, 218, 273 shasta, Lycaena, 265 shellac, 55 Shelley, quotation from, 26 "Shingling" butterflies when packing for shipment, 55 Sigourney, Mrs., quotation from, 57 silenus, Grapta, 166 Silver-spot, Arizona, 108; Bremner's, 113; Columbian, iii ; Meads, 119; Moun- tain, 108; New Mexican, 107; Nevada, 118; Northwestern, 109; Owen's, 119 simaethis, Thecla, 246 simius, Amblyscirtes, 341 sirius, Chrysophanus, 255 Sisters, The, 187 ; Californian, 187 sisymbri, Pieris, 278 Sisymbrium, 284 siva, Thecla, 246 size, 271 Skinner, Dr. Henry, 325, 363 Skippers, The, 318 ; Aaron's, 363 ; Arctic, 342; Brazilian, 356; Broad-winged, 362 ; Bronze, 341; Canadian, 347; Carolina, 367; Checkered, 327; Cobweb, 348; Cross-line, 357 ; Delaware, 365 ; Dun, 360; Dusted, 366; Erichsons, 327; Fiery, 354; Golden-banded, 326; Griz- zled, 327; Hayhurst's, 331; Hobomok, 364; Howard's, 363 ; Indian, 348 ; Iowa, 364 ; Leonard's, 349 ; Long-tailed, 321 ; Morrison's, 347; Ocola, 355; Oregon, 354; Palatka, 358 ; Peck's, 353; Pepper- and-salt, 340 ; Roadside, 340; Sand-hill, 354 ; Short-tailed, 322 ; Silver-spotted, 323; Skinner's, 359; Small-checkered, 328 ; Snow's, 350 ; Tawny-edged, 357 ; Two-banded, 328 ; Umber, 365 ; 'Vol- canic, 351 ; Woodland, 340 ; Woven- winged, 341 ; Wright's, 346 ; Xanthus, 328 Slosson, Mrs. Annie Trumbull, quotation from, 233 Small Sulphurs, 294; Gundlach's, 295 smintheus, Parnassius, 306 Smith, Herbert H., 338 Smith, Sir James Edward, 70 Smith and Abbot, " The Natural History of the Rarer Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia," 70 Snout-buttertlies, 226. 227; Southern, 227 Snow, Chancellor F. H., 255 snowi, Chrysophanus, 255 ; Erynnis, 350 snyderi, Argynnis, 118 Sofia, Erebia, 210 somnus, Thanaos, 333 sonorensis, Lycagna, 263 Sooty-wing, The, 330 ; Mohave, 331 sosybius, Neonympha, 204 species, definition of, 62 speciosa, Lycosna, 262 Spenser, Edmund, Quotation from, 226 spermatheca, 23 spicewood, 315 spinetorum, Thecla, 2^5 spinneret, 6, 22 spinning-vessel, 22 Staudinger, Dr. Otto, 338 Stella, Euchloe, 283 steneles, 'Victorina, 195 sthenele, Satyrus, 218 stomach, 22, 23 Strecker, Herman, 72 strigosa, Anosia, 84 subcostal nervules, 21 subcostal vein, 20, 2X 380 Index subfamily names, 63 submedian vein, 20, 21 subcEsophageal ganglion, 22, 23 " sugaring," 32 Sulphurs, The, 272, 289; Alexandra, 292; Arctic, 293 ; Behr's, 294; Cloudless, 286 ; Common, 291 ; Gold-and-black, 29; ; Great, 285; Labrador, 293; Large Orange, 287; Litde, 297; Mead's, 290; Pink- edged, 292 ; Red-barred, 286 ; Scudder's, 293 ; Strecker's, 290 Superstitions, 90 Suspicious Conduct, 136 Swallowtails, The, 272, 306; Alaskan, 312; Common Eastern, 314; Giant, 311; Newfoundland, 313 ; Pipe-vine, 315 ; Spice-bush, 315 ; Tiger, 309 Swinburne, quotation from, 272 sylvanoides, Erynnis, 349 Synchloe, genus, 159 ; crocale, 160 ; janais, 159 ; lacinia, 159 Systasea, genus, 329 ; zampa, 329 Tachyris, genus, 275; ilaire, 276 tacita, Thecla, Plate XXIX. Fig. 30 tarquinius, Feniseca, 251 tarsi, 17, 18 tatila, Eunica, 176 taumas, Limochores, 357 taxiles, Atrytone, 365 taygete, Oineis, 223 taylori, Mehtsea, 142 tegulae, 17 telamonides, Papilio, 308 Tennyson, quotation from, 213 Terias, genus, 294; damaris, 296; delia, 298 ; elathea, 298 ; flava, 296 ; gundlachia, 295 ; jucunda, 298 ; lisa, 297 ; mexicana, 296 ; nicippe, 296 ; proterpia, 295 ; west- woodi, 297 terissa, Kricogonia, 287 testis, 22 texana, Eresia, 158; Satyrus, 215 textor, Amblyscirtes, 341 Thanaos, genus, 332; afranius, 334; brizo, 332 ; clitus, 336 ; funeralis, 336 ; horatius, 336; icelus, 333 ; juvenalis, 335 ; lucilius, 333; martialis, 335; ntevius, 336; pacu- vius, 336 ; persius, 334 ; petronius, 335 ; somnus, 333 tharos, Phyciodes, 153 Thecla, genus, 237; acadica, 242; acis, 240, 246 ; adenostomatis, 245 ; affinis, 249 ; alcestis, 241 ; arsace, 248 ; augustus, 247; autolycus, 241 ; behri, 247; blenina, 24s ; calanus, 243 ; cecrops, 246 ; chalcis, 244 ; citima, 239 ; clytie, 247 ; crysalus, 239; damon, 246; discoidalis, 246; dume- torum, 249 ; edwardsi. 243 ; eryphon, 248; favonius, 240 ; grunus, 238 ; halesus, 239 ; henrici, 248; humuli, 242; ines, 247; irus, 248; itys, 243; Ireta, 249; liparops, 244; m-album, 240; martialis, 240; meli- nus, 242; nelsoni, 245; niphon, 249; saepium, 244; simjetuis, 246; siva, 246; spinetorum, 245 ; tacita, Plate XXIX, Fig. 30; titus, 250; wittfeldi, 241 thekla, Melitaea, 147 theonus, Lycaena, 270 Thibet, 172 thoas, Papilio, 311 thoe, Chrysophanus, 253 thorax, 7, 14, 17, 22, 23 Thoreau, Quotation from, 93 Thorybes, genus, 324; asmilia, 325; bathyl- lus, 325 ; epigena, 325 ; pylades, 324 Thymelicus, genus, 350 ; astna, 351 ; bret- tus, 351 ; mystic, 351 tibia, 17, 18 tiger, 63 Timetes, genus, 179; chiron, 180; coresia, 180; petreus, 180 tip for inflating tube, 46 titus, Thecla, 250 tityrus, Epargyreus, 323 Tokyo, 149 Tongue. See Proboscis Tortoise, The Compton, 168 Tortoise-shells, The, 167; the California, 168 ; Milbert's, 169 tracheae, 15, 22 "Transactions of the American Entomo- logical Society," 73 transformations, egg to caterpillar, 5 ; caterpillar to chrysalis, ii ; chrysalis to butterfly, 13 triclaris, Brenthis, 130 tritonia, Geirocheilus, 211 trochanter, 17, 18 troilus, Papilio, 315 tulcis, Eresia, 158 turnus, Papilio, 309 Turritis, 285 Twin-spot, The, 361 tyndarus, Erebia, 210 types of butterflies named by W. H. Ed- wards, vi ; used in preparation of this book, vii typhon, Coenonympha, 206 uhleri, CEneis, 222 Umbelliferas, 312, 313, 314 umbrosa, Grapta, 164 uncas, Erynnis, 349 Uncle Jotham's Boarder, 233 United States Department of Agriculture, 49. 