None
Aliens admitted to United States: Number, by country of origin, 1820-1910, i, 60-96; by race or people, 1899-1910, i, 97; various years, i, 56-60, 113, 182-184, 215, 625; ii, 378, 589, 590; basis of enumeration, i, 55, 56; character of immigration, i, 169, 170; origin of, 1819-1910, i, 13, 23; destination of, 1899-1910, i, 105-109; for Southern States, i, 567, 568; for Western States, i, 625; from British ports, 1846-7, ii, 591, 592; from Canada, 1908-9, ii, 619; from Germany, 1820-1910, i, 243; East Indians, 1906-1910, i, 676, 677; Italians, 1909, i, 568; Japanese, 1899-1907, 1909-10, i, 660, 661; Mexicans, 1901-1909, i, 682; at Castle Garden, 1856-1873, ii, 595; at Canadian and United States ports, 1908, ii, 623, 624; mental condition, i, 28; ii, 245; pro- posals to limit number, i, 47, 48; ii, 575, 579; to Hawaii, i, 702, 703, 709-711. (See also separate races.) Aliens debarred at United States ports: Number, 1892-1910, i, 110, 111, 194; ii, 378; 1907, i, 26; 1907-1909, i, 196; 1908, ii, 623, 624; East Indians, i, 677; contract labor, ii, 378; prostitutes, ii, 330; mentally unsound, ii, 227-229; for medical causes, i, 196, 202; must be returned by steamship companies, i, 197; ii, 750, 762, 800; appeals, ii, 317, 735, 740, 750, 751, 758, 800. Aliens debarred from Canada, 1908, ii, 623, 624, 626. Aliens departing: Number, 1908-1910, i, 112-118, 180-184; Italians from Southern States, i, 567, 568; Japanese, number exceeds that of immigrants, i, 41; from Hawaii, i, 709-713; from Argentina, ii, 641; Australia, ii, 632; Canada, ii, 618; New Zealand, Aliens tion.) Aliens excluded. See Aliens debarred. Aliens rejected at ports of embarkation, i, 193-201. Alsatian: Definition, i, 241; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347; length of resi- dence, i, 349-356; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; immigrants to Canada, 11, 611. America: Number of Poles in, i, 259; number of Negroes in the Americas, i, 257 American. See Native-born. American Emigrant Co., importers of labor, ii, 565. Ame£o'?n Federation of Labor, arguments against Chinese immigration, referred to, 11, 583. American Medical Missionary College. Battle Creek, Mich ii 7 American Republican Party, establishment of, ii, 561. Americanization. See Assimilation, Citizenship, etc Ammon, investigations of, referred to, ii, 550 eluded by law, ii, 574, 620, 621; law regarding, ii, 732, 742; liable to deportation from < umda, ii, 621. Anglo-Saxon, definition, i, 234. (See also English i Annexation of Hawaii, oi'tWts of, i, 701, 702 Annual earnings. See. \\a-<-s and earnings," Family income, etc I '-..:il milling: Households and employees studied, i, 294; silk industry ished in Pennsylvania coal region, i 54] iropological investigation. See Changes in bodily form. Anna ?te Stt «aE8tf 197; number °f immigrants from' and A^?2(H$8 87se°fok^Ho^hVn Ci'tie8' *' ^41' 742' ln mamifacturing and mining, Appeals from inspectors' decisions, 'law regarding, ii, 571,r%?/ 740, 750, 751 758, 800. Index. 841 Arabia, Arab population of, i, 217. Arabian: Definition, i, 217; number in Arabia, i, 217; in Persia, i, 259; in Syria, i, 280; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627^636; age classification of charity patients, ii, 288; length of residence, i, 349-356; residence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263; charity seekers, ii, 95-108; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261; literacy, i, 438-447; in schools, ii, 10-16, 64-66; immigrants to Canada, ii, 611. Arcadia, Greek bootblacks from, ii, 399. Argentina: Immigration situation in, ii, 639-643; number of immigrants to, 1863-1908, ii, 640; immigration and emigration, 1871-1908, ii, 641; solicits immigration in Europe, i, 192; number of Italians in, i, 252; immigration law, ii, 641-643. Arizona: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; population and number of foreign- born, i, 623; male population, i, 149, 155; citizenship, i. 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Arkansas: Immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Italian communities studied, i, 560, 566; Polish farm settlements studied, i, 583; insanity, ii, 232; peonage, ii, 444, 445; no regulation of private or immigrant banks, ii, 435. Armenian: Definition, i, 217; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 217, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 217; number in Persia, i, 259; number in Roumania, i, 263; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 639-641; employees studied, i, 3207333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English- speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 28(^285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366^03, 405-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; status of children, i? 470-474; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438- 447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417; conjugal condition, i, 447--160; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422^26; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Fresno County, Cal., i, 654; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 515; immigrants to Canada, ii, 611. Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111., ii, 7. Arthur, Chester A. : Recommended legislation regarding care of immigrants at ports of debarkation, ii, 569; vetoed bill suspending Chinese immigration for 20 years, ii, 580. Aryan: European population of Aryan stock, i, 218; family of inflected languages, defined, i, 217-219. Asia: Number of immigrants from, i, 65-96; Germans in, i, 242; Gypsies in, i, 245; Hebrews in, i, 246. (See also separate countries.} Asiatics: Number in United States, i, 134, 136, 137; opposition to, on Pacific coast, •i, 41; number of immigrants to Australia, ii, 635; liable to exclusion from Australia by literacy test, ii, 633-635; money requirement for entering Canada, ii, 623. Assimilation of immigrants: Bohemians, i, 589; East Indians, i, 681, 682; Italians, i, 564, 565, 570, 574, 575; Japanese, i, 675; Mexicans, i, 689; Russian Hebrews, i, 580; Scandinavian «, i, 651; in cities, i, 768-772; in the West, i, 644, 645, 650; seasonal agricultural laborers, i, 600, 601; single or unaccompanied men, i, 38, 39; changes in bodily form, i, 43, 44; ii, 501-556; retardation, i, 38, 39, 46, 497, 570, 580, 648, 681, 682, 689; conclusions and recommendations, i, 42, 46, 47. Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Labor, appointment of additional, recommended, i, 33, 46. Assisted ii, 404, 405; Italians, i, 568; Russian Hebrews, i, 577; to Hawaii, i, 699, 701-708, 720, 721; cost of, Hawaii, i, 703, 704; from England to British colonies, i, 168, 192; homeless children, to Canada, ii, 615; prohibited by Canadian law unless approved by agent abroad, ii, 616, 620, 621; to Australia, ii, 631, 633; to Brazil, ii, 647; to New Zealand, ii, 637. Assyrian children in schools, ii, 10-16. Atkinson, C. S., secretary of Immigration Commission, furloughed, i, 12. Atlanta, Ga., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Atlantic Medical College, Baltimore, Md., ii, 7. 72289°— VOL 1—11 54 The Immigration Commission assisted immigration to, ii, 631. 633; number of Germans in Australia and Oceania, , i, 242; emigration to New Zealand, ii, 637; immigration law, 11, 633, 634; area, n, Auftk^andNew Zealand, number of immigrants from, 1820-1910 i, 65-96 Australian- Immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; wages and earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, !•_ • id A AO(\. 1-r* rVt->o/-lr> -II All A9K United States, i, 177. Austria-Hungary: Population, i, 219; Czechs in, i, 221; Hebrews in, i, 246; Ruthe- nians in, C 214; number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; Germans from, i, 243; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 194-197, 205-211; children of immigrants from, em- ployed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Austrian: Definition, i, 219, 241; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 821, 830; occupation, i, 821, 830; in agricultural pursuits, i, 550, 799, 821, 830; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 821; in building trades, i, 789, 821; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 814, 821, 830; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 830; in cotton mills, i, 821, 830; in domestic and personal service, i, 804, 821, 830; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 821; laborers, i, 780, 821; in laundries, i, 830; in manufacturing and mechani- cal pursuits, i, 821, 830; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 821; in needle trades, i, 808, 830; in paper and pulp mills, i, 830; peddlers, i, 821, 830; in professional service, i, 787, 798, 821, 830; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 816, 821, 830; in silk mills, i, 830; steam railroad employees, i, 821; teachers, i, 819, 830; in textile mills, i, 786, 811, 821, 830; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 821, 830; in trade and trans- portation, i, 821, 830; in woolen mills, i, 830; padrone system, ii, 392; exploitation, ii, 406; wages and earnings, i, 366-403-; charity seekers, ii, 95-101; crime, ii, 198-204; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; fecundity, ii, 469-500; loca- tion of wife, i, 459, 460; in Canada, ii, 611, 625; immigrants to Argentina, i, 640, 641; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. Austro-Hung^rian races inclined to distrust American banks, ii, 417. Austro-Prussian War, effect on emigration of Poles, i, 584. Azores Islands: Immigration from, i, 260, 592, 652; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; induced immigration to Hawaii, i, 704; ii, 629. (See also Portuguese and Portugal, number of immigrants from.) B. Baldwin University, Berea, Ohio, ii, 7. Balearic Islands, Catalans in, i, 279. (See also Spain ) Balkan States: Geography of, i, 227; Greeks in, i, 245; Gypsies in, i, 245; some emigr ion due to political conditions, i, 187; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, Baltimore, Md.: Alien seamen at port of, ii, 359, 362; stowaways, ii, 364; immigrants chanty seekers, ii, 93-115; immigration to clothing industry, i, 516; public puffs ?i1P64?7211'7510' U> 17~23j 71> ?2' 74; teachers> *^ 49-63; parochial school Baltimore Medical College, Baltimore, Md., ii, 7. ik of Naples, remittances abroad through, ii, 426, 427. ks immigrant: Abstract of report on, ii, 409-438; conclusions, i, 31, 32; recom- ir?8' lf » '^iml?er ?nvestigate<l, ii, 413, 415; number and distribution of, origin, 11, 416; classification, ii, 419; relation with banking houses, ii, 431; ible for heavy losses on part of immigrants, i, 31; illegal use of terms bank H 43^436 "' 5 unreSulated> ». 31; various state laws regarding private banking, Baron de Hirech fund, used for Hebrew colonizing, i, 576-578. Index. 843 Baseland, Switzerland, criminal emigration from, ii, 565, 566. Basques: In Cuba, i, 231; in France, i, 239; in Spain, i, 279, 280; Celtic admixture, i, 260. Bavarian immigration to Canada, ii, 611. Bay City, Mich.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship,!, 152; public- school pupils, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 33-35, 75. Bayles, writer, quoted, i, 508. Bayonne, N. J.: Population and immigration, i, 528; foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; immigrant banks, ii, 413. Beddoe, opinion of, on English race or people, i, 235. Beet-sugar industry: Employees studied, i, 627-629; Chinese in, i, 658; German- Belgian: Definition, i, 219, 233; number of households and persons studied, i, 557, 601; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; in agricultural pursuits, i, 594, 596; wages and earnings, i, 366—103; charity seekers, ii, 96-101; in schools, ii, 64-66; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; location of wife, i, 459, 460; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 515; in Canada, ii, 611, 626; immigrants to Argentina, ii, 640, 641; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. (See also Dutch and Flemish.) Belgian law of 1843, referred to, i, 193. Belgium: Provinces of, ii, 694; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 233; Flemish in, i, 233; French in, i, 240; languages of, i, 233; illiteracy in, i, 177; no emigration problem, i, 168; inspection of emigrants, i, 195; steerage laws, referred to, ii, 600; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167, 233; French immigrants from, i, 240; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-167; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607, 608. Bellevue and Allied Hospitals, New York City: Report on immigrants in, ii, 257-290; insane in, ii, 238, 247. (See also Charity seekers.) Benefits in addition to wages: On Hawaiian sugar plantations, i, 715, 716, 720; welfare work inaugurated by religious and civic organizations, commended, i, 42. Bennet, William S., member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 165; minority report of, i, 49; minority report of Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, 1906, ii, 576; introduced bill in House of Representatives providing for Government super- vision over ships carrying steerage passengers, ii, 602. Benton College of Law, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 7. Berea, Ohio, Polish colony at, i, 585. Bermudian immigration to Canada, ii, 612. Berry-picking: Seasonal labor, i, 595;'piece wages the rule, i, 597; living expenses, i, 599; hours of labor, i, 598; housing conditions, i, 598; displacement of labor, New Jersey, i, 594; Japanese in the West, i, 667. Bibles, sale of, at immigrant stations, ii, 315. Bituminous coal mining: Summary of data secured, i, 300, 301; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333, 506, 507; races employed in Pennsyl- vania, i, 503; in Middle West and Southwest, i, 504; unskilled labor, i, 495; distri- bution of occupations, i, 502; racial displacements, i, 38, 503-507; labor unions, i, 532-537; daily earnings, i, 396, 397, 399-402; wages less in Pennsylvania than else- where, i, 38, 534; expansion of industry, i, 503-505; output of Pennsylvania, i, 503; of Middle West and Southwest, i, 504. Black Russian, definition, i, 265. (See also Russian.) Blacksmiths, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Bloomington, 111., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Blumenbach: Named white race Caucasian, i, 223; classification of races, i, 210, 211, 257. Boards of immigration, State, efforts to promote immigration, ii, 383. Boards of special inquiry: Proposed by joint committee, 1892, ii, 572; provided for, 1893, ii, 573; law regarding, ii, 740, 756, 763; representatives of aid societies before, ii, 317; conclusions regarding, i, 32, 33; recommendations, i, 46. Board and lodging: Furnished gratis to newly arrived immigrants in Argentina, ii, 642, 643; cost of board of ranch hands in California, i, 670. Boarders and lodgers : Among immigrants in industries, i, 422-426 ; specified industries, i, 297-312; native and foreign bprn compared, i, 423, 424, 426; old and new immigra- tion compared, i, 424, 426; among immigrants in cities, i, 728, 729, 748-751, 766, 767; contributions to family income, i, 414, 415, 766, 767; on Hebrew farms in Eastern States, i, 578. The Immigration Commission. Boarding or lodging house and hotel keepers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838 Boarding-boss system among immigrants, i, 422 426, 499, 648. Boas, Franz, author of report on changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants, i, 4, 44; abstract of report, ii, 501-556. Bodily form of immigrants. See Changes in bodily form. Boers, number of, in South Africa, i, 232. Bohemia: Regarded as geographic entity, i, 209; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; males of voting age, i, 155, 156; treatment of infante in, ii, 546. Bohemian- Definition, i, 219-221; in agricultural investigation, i, 552; number of breadwinners, i, 587, 778, 803, 821, 830; occupation, i, 821, 830; in agricultural pursuits, i, 587-591, 799, 821, 830; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 821; in building trades i 789, 821; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 814, 821, 830; in collar, cuff, and shirt • • r»rt/\. J_ j.i «*-!11» -I OO1 QQA* -ir-» A r\ T>-* rid i"i r* o n f\ T*\£ki*an-r» ol a^-*»irir»£i manufacturing, i, 830; in cotton mills, i, 821, 830; in domestic and personal service, i, 805, 821, 830; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 821; laborers, i, 780, 821; in laundries, teachers, i, 819, 830; in textile mills, i, 786, 811, 821, 830; in tobacco and, cigar making, i, 821, 830; in trade and transportation, i, 821, 830; in woolen mills, i, 830; immigrant banks, ii, 413; crime, ii, 198-204; fecundity, ii, 469-500; changes in bodily form, ii, 510, 511, 518-524, 526, 544, 545, 548, 549; in Canada, ii, 611, 626. Bohemian and Moravian: Definition, i, 219-221; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 221, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; pre- vious residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 733-737; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336- 347, 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 461^63, 477-480, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in agricultural pursuits, i, 799, 800; in building trades, i, 789, 790; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785; laborers, i, 780, 781; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 783; in needle trades, i, 808, 809; in professional service, i, 797, 798; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817; teachers, i, 819, 820; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405^11, 764-767; family income, i, 412-417, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hos- pitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; gainful occupation in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 470-474, 614, 763; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-61, 64-71, 76-82; proportion of children, i, home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgere, i, 422-426, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. Bond: Release of immigrants on — United States law regarding, ii, 738, 740, 751, 756, 757, 771, 815; in Australia, 11, 634; in New Zealand, ii, 637. Chinese in United States, ii, 358, 367, 800, 808, 815. Required of bankers in certain States, ii, 435, 436. Required of ship masters by early legislation, ii, 567. Jonus paid to agents sending immigrants to Canada, ii, 607, 608. binders, female breadwinners reported as i 830-838 eo^los^11^' Canadian: In United States> Ii8t of> di> 608, 609; bonus paid to, ii, B<bread^nn re^ |CCOUntante: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female Boot and shoe makers and repairers, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Index. 845 Boot and shoe manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 306, 307; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; racial displace- ments, i, 517-519; Chinese in San Francisco, i, 655, 659; male breadwinners en- gaged in, i, 821-829. Bootblacks, Greek padrone system among, ii, 393-405. Bosco, Italian statistician, on crime in Italy, i, 251. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Mohammedans in, i, 282; Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230. Bosnian: Definition, i, 221; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; population in Europe, i, 214; employees studied, i, 320- 333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification of charity patients, ii, 287; residence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263, 281; occupation abroad, i, 100-102; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; wages and earnings, i, 366-403; in charity hos- pitals, ii, 258-261; in schools, ii, 10-16; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484- 489; in labor unions, i, 417. 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; alien seamen in port of, ii, 359, 362; stowaways, ii, 364; immigrant banks, ii, 413; chief labor market for Maine forests, ii, 447; foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Boston College, Boston, Mass., ii, 7. Boston University, Boston, Mass., ii, 7. Bottles. See Glass manufacturing. Bouzos Brothers, promoters of Greek shoe-shining parlors, ii, 398. Box makers, paper, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Brachelli, opinion of, as to number of Celts in Europe, i, 249. Brava: Definition, i, 260; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 357-363; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 445, 446, 477-481; occupation, i, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 405- 411; family income, i, 412-417; literacy, i, 444-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422', size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; not permanent, i, 600. Brazil: Immigration situation in, ii, 645-647; area, ii, 645; population, ii, 645; Ger- mans in, i, 243; Italians in, i, 252; negroes and mulattoes in, i, 257; immigration from, to Canada, ii, 611; immigration to, 1820-1907, ii, 645, 646; solicited in Europe, i, 192; Portuguese immigrants to, i, 260; immigration law, ii, 646, 647. Breadwinners: Occupations of males, i, 778-803, 821-829; of females, i, 803-820, 830- 838; of foreign parentage, i, 778, 803. (See also Wage-earners.) Breitenfeld, S., on treatment of infants, ii, 546, 547. Bremen, Germany: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections at, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Breton: Celtic tongue spoken in France, i, 225, 240, 283; number of Bretons in France, i, 240. Bridgeport, Conn.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Brinton, classification of races, i, 211, 212, 223, 224, 239, 256, 258. British: Definition, i, 235; emigration, 1883-1903, i, 236; steerage law of 1848, re- ferred to, i, 193; children in schools in Hawaii, i, 714; immigrants to Australia, ii, 632, 633; to New Zealand, ii, 637. (See also separate races.) British Board of Trade, regulations regarding carriage of steerage passengers, ii, 598, 600. British Columbia: Attempts to exclude orientals, ii, 628, 629; immigration of East Indians to, i, 676; East Indians from, entering United States, i, 676; Japanese from, i, 660. British Isles, number of Gypsies in, i, 245. (See also separate countries.) British North America: Number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; French immigrants from, i, 240; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137; immigrants destined to, from British ports, 1846 and 1847, ii, 591, 592. (See also separate countries.) Briton, definition of term, i, 235. Brooklyn, N. Y., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Brooklyn College of Pharmacy, Brooklyn, N. Y., ii, 7. Brooklyn Law College, Brooklyn, N. Y., ii, 7. Brown University, Providence, R.J., ii, 7. Browne, Geo. Waldo, author, referred to, ii, 592. Bryan, Tex., Italian agricultural colony, i, 567, 568, 572. .s4t» The Immigration Commission. P. 1L, chief medical officer Canadian immigration department, quoted, ii, 33-35, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigrant banks ii, 413, 415; foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Building trades, male breadwinners, engaged in, i, 788-790, 821-829. Bukowinian: Immigrants to Canada, ii, 611; deportations from Canada, 11, 626. Bulgaria: Races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; number of Turks in, i, 282; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347; earnings, i, 366-403; Kteracy, i, 438_447; immigrant remittances to, ii, 429. Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro: Number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96: 1882 and 1907, i, 167. Bulgarian: Definition, i, 221-223; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; population in Europe, i, 214, 223; number in Rou- mania, i, 263; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-^63, 477-481; ii, 263-266; occupation, i, 363-366; wages and earn- ings, i, 366-403; padrone system, ii, 392, 393; exploitation, ii, 406; immigrant banks, ii, 413; charity seekers, ii, 95-109, in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262; 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; English -speaking, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484—489; in labor unions, i, 417; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422^26; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. Bulgarian, Servian, and Montenegrin: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 171; i, 175; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182. Burlingame treaty with China, ii, 578-580. Burnett, John L., member of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 165. Business, independent, entered by immigrants: In the West, i, 650, 664; Chinese, i, 659, 660, 718; East Indians, i, 678; Japanese, i, 664, 673-675,^717, 718; in Hawaii, i, 717, 718. Business in connection with immigrant banking, ii, 415, 416. Butte, Mont.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. C. California: Population and number of foreign-born, i, 127, 129, 149, 151, 155, 623; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Chinese, i, 655, 656, 11, 578, 579; Chinese question studied by Congressional committee, 1876-7 ii 79; East Indians, i, 678; Japanese, i, 662; ii, 415; Portuguese, i, 652; regulation of banking 11, 435; households studied in agricultural investigation, i, 639; gainful occupations, 1870, i, 656. Cambridge, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship i 152 7™ .71 * ^I^J^V1^*1011 in' abstract of report on, ii, 607-629; races of, ii, 685, iW, 716, 721 726; border ports of entry, ii, 761; immigration policy of, ii 607-610; immigration law ii, 619; agreement with United States, ii, 762-764; immigration toO ',.271, .661; 11, 591, 611-617, 623, 624; oriental immigration, i, 661; ii, f 9^ T1 SH"?S Uo'.?P; 624; deP°rtations, ii, 625, 626; English in, i, 235; Germans ah i, 249, 250; Japanese, i, 661; immigration from United States, ii, 612- 8; return movement to United States, ii, 618; Scandinavians from United .; assisted immigration to, i, 168; ii, 615, 616; juvenile immigrants ii, y requirement i 102; insane in, ii, 248, 249; native-born in population ^ tn TTn°-tr!faQrf 6 Ca.na/?1ians m United States, ii, 617; arriving immigrants ^ to United States, 11, 619, 762-764; excluded classes coming by way of, i 114 117 ? 8 °m' u'775; Japanese from, i, 661; aliens departing by way ^n tv and fl^rme-a^ng Canadians in United States ii, 194-197, 205-211; in- ^ aWii, 239-242. Index. 847 Canada, English: Natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137; in cities of United States, i, 145; males of voting age, i, 155, 156; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438^447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Canada, French: Natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137; in cities of United States, i, 145; males of voting age, i, 155, 156; children o,f immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Canadian: Number of immigrants admitted, ii, 619; population in Canada, ii, 618; number in United States, ii, 618; insane in hospitals, ii, 244, 249; crime, ii, 181, 182, 198-204, 211-220. Canadian, English: Number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 822, 831; occupation, i, 822, 831; in agricultural pursuits, i, 799, 800, 822, 831; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 822; in building trades, i/789, 790, 822; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 822, 831; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 831; in cotton mills, i, 822, 831; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806, 822, 831; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785, 822; laborers, i, 780, 781, 822; in laundries, i, 831; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 822, 831; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 783, 822; in needle trades, i, 808, 809, 831; in paper and pulp mills, i, 831; peddlers, i, 822, 831: in professional service, i, 797, 798, 822, 831; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817, 822, 831; in silk mills, i, 831; steam railroad employees, i, 822; teachers, i, 819, 820, 831; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811. 812, 822, 831; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 822, 831; in trade and transportation, i, 822, 831; in woolen mills, i, 831. Canadian, French: Definition, i, 239, 240; number of immigrants admitted, i, 240; to New England cotton mills, i, 511, 512; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; popula- tion in Canada, i, 240; number in United States, i, 239, 240; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467 ; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English- speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation in Canada, i, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^163, 477^(81; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 822, 831; occupation, i, 363-366, 822, 831; in agricultural pursuits, i, 799, 800, 822, 831; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 822; in building trades, i, 789, 790, 822; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 822, 831; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 831; in cotton, mills, i, 822, 831; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806, 822, 831; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785, 822 ; laborers, i, 780, 781, 822; in laundries, i, 831; in manufacturing and mechani- cal pursuits, i, 822, 831; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 783, 822; in needle trades, i, 808, 809, 831; in paper and pulp mills, i, 831; peddlers, i, 822, 831; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 822, 831; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817, 822, 831; in silk mills, i, 831; steam railroad employees, i, 822; teachers, i, 819, 820, 831; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812, 822, 831; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 822, 831; in trade and transportation, i, 822, 831; in woolen mills, i, 831; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-L53; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 322; status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467^70; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; visits to Canada, i, 461-463; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 513. Canadian, other than French: Immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; number of house- holds and persons studied, i, 316-320, 601, 641; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636: age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on literacy, i, 446, 447; occupation in Canada, i, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356 636 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^63; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 365, 366; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 407-411, 764-766; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; crime, ii, 211^220; status of children, ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 1(KL6, 18-31, 33^2, 49-61, 64-71, 76-82; literacy, i, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417, 419; conjugal condition, i, 447 -i60; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 457-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467^70; rent paid, i, 419-422; persons per room, i, 430^38, 'boarders and lodgers, i, 422^26; visits to Canada, i, 461-463. Canal Zone, law regarding inspection of aliens from, ii, 741. Canary Islands. See Spain, number of immigrants from. g48 The Immigration Commission. Canastota, N. Y., Italian agricultural colony, i, 574. Cance, Alexander E., author of report on recent immigrants m agriculture, i, 2; abstract of report, i, 543-615. Canning industry: "italian seasonaUaborers, New York, i, 574; wages, i, 597; hours of labor, i, 598; housing conditions, i, 598; Chinese and Japanese in the West, i, 627-634, 658,666. * Number of employees studied, i, 627-629; Japanese in, i, 664; European races seldom employed in, i, 666. Cape Verde Islands: Immigration of Bravas or Black Portuguese from, i, 260, 592; " children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347; literacy, i, 438-447. (See also Portugal, number of immigrants from.) Capital: In manufactures, east of Rocky Mountains, i, 491; Japanese on farms, i, 592, 672; Polish on farms in Wisconsin, i, 586; little or none required for immigrant banking, ii, 420. Car building and repairing, employees in, i, 336-338, 343-348. Care of apartment: Among immigrants in cities, i, 755; better than anticipated, i, 37. Carinthian. See Slovenian. < 'arpenters and joiners, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Carpet manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio, ii, 7. Caste among East Indians on Pacific coast, i, 680-682. Catalans, number in Spain and Balearic Islands, i, 279. Caucasian: Definition, i, 223-225; number of, i, 224, 225; number in Hawaii, i, 700, 713; average annual income of 14 families, Honolulu, i, 712. (See also separate races.) Causes of emigration: Conclusions, i, 25; in Europe, i, 185-192; letters from friends in United States, i, 187, 188; steamship ticket agents, i, 190. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, public school pupils, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 33-35, 75. Celtic: Definition, i, 225, 226; population, i, 225, 226; number of persons speaking a Celtic tongue, i, 225, 283. Celto-Germanic. See Aryan. Cement industry, employees in, i, 627-629. Census, United States, unpublished data used by Immigration Commission, i, 15. Central America: Immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96 ; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137. Cephalic index. See Head form of immigrants. Certificates: Penal- Recommended that immigrants to United States be required to produce, i, 45; may be required of immigrants to Canada, ii, 622, 623. Exemption from immigration law — Australia, ii, 633, 634; Brazil, ii, 647; New Zealand, ii, 637. Chinese — In United States, ii, 580-583, 786, 789, 790, 792-795, 801-807, 809-811; in insular possessions, ii, 584. Forms of — Canadian, ii, 762; cattlemen, ii, 776; Chinese, ii, 809; insular territory, ii, 780. (See also Passports.) Changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants, abstract of report on, ii, 501-556; probable causes of, ii, 541-552; conclusions, i, 43, 44. Character of immigration, change in, i, 23, 24, 60-65. Charity hospitals, immigrants in, report on, ii, 253-290. Chanty seekers, immigrants as: Abstract of report on, ii, 87-157; conclusions, i, 35, 36; schedule form used, ii, 687; various causes of need, ii, 115-124, 134; number in ities small, i, 35, 36; East Indians, i, 681; Mexicans, i, 690; few Japanese, i, 675. arleroi, Pa., representative immigrant community, i, 496. Charleston, S. C., deserting seamen at port of, ii, 360 Cheese industry in Green County, Wis., i, 549. elsea, Mass., public school pupils in, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 33-35, 75. rbourg France: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Chevalier, French writer, quoted, i, 507, 508. Index. 849 Chicago, 111.: Study of immigrants in, i, 723-772; households and persons studied, i, 732-734, 736; size of apartments, i, 741, 742; persons per room, i, 729, 743, 745, 746; ii, 413, 415; foreign departments in banks, ii, 418; market for Greek bootblacks, ii, 400,401; immigration to clothing industry, i, 516; police arrests, ii, 198-204; foreign- born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Child labor: On the farm, i, 594, 595, 597, 802, 803; in iron and steel, i, 785; cheaper than Japanese, in San Francisco, i, 663; in textile industry, displaced by males of recent immigration, i, 540; Russians in Hawaii, i, 707. (See also Children, status of and contributions of.) Childlessness among negro women, ii, 486. Children: Number borne by immigrant women, ii, 455-500; rate of development, ii, 536-541; treatment of infants, various races, ii, 545-547; proportion of, among immigrants in cities, i, 739; among departing aliens, i, 115; immigrants under 16 years of age unaccompanied by parent may be excluded, i, 30; ii, 400, 406, 620, 621, 732, 749; naturalization, ii, 828; crime, ii, 163, 169, 170; in charity hospitals, ii, 269, 286-289; in school, children of immigrants, abstract of report on, ii, 1-86; status of,, i, 470-474, 614, 615, 707, 763; ii, 143-147; contributions of, various inves- tigations, i, 297-312, 414, 415, 763, 766, 767; of American and older immigrants not entering same industries as fathers', i, 502; immigration of British, to Canada, ii, 615. China: Population and .emigration, i, 226; treaties with United States, ii, 578-583; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 155, 156, 623; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; literacy, i, 438^-447; immigrant remittances to, ii, 427. Chinese: Definition, i, 226; history of immigration, i, 655-660; ii, 578; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 625, 654; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109, 624; previous residence in the United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in China, i, 226; number in United States, i, 624, 654, 657, 658; distribution by States, i, 658; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101; length of residence, i, 116; ii, 84, 85, 263-266, 280-285; occupation in United States, i, 117, 118, 655, 662, 668, 669; in agricultural pursuits, i, 670, 672; in canneries, i, 658; in domestic and personal service, i, 655, 673; wages and earnings, i, 670; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272, 286-290; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237, 270; crime, ii, 198- 204, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 337, 338, 346; in schools, ii, lOyle, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99; English-speaking, i, 675; naturalization prohibited, ii, 788, 829; labor organiza- tion, i, 668; return movement, i, 112-118; exclusion, i, 23, 41, 657, 658; ii, 578, 584; evasion of law, ii, 358; legislation, ii, 578-584, 781-815; law of 1875 enacted to control immigration, i, 110; seamen, ii, 357, 358, 367; in Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 654-660, 676; ii, 581; in Hawaii, i, 699-717; ii, 583; number in Cuba, i, 231; migration among insular possessions prohibited, ii, 584; conclusions and recommendations, i, 41, 47; in Canada, ii, 611, 623, 626, 628; in Australia, ii, 633-635; practically excluded from New Zealand, ii, 638. Chisholm, estimate of, as to population of Holland, i, 232. Cholera: Among steerage passengers, 1847, ii, 592; in Europe, provision of quarantine act, ii, 572. Christiania, Norway: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Cigar and tobacco manufacturing. See Tobacco and cigar making. Cincinnati, Ohio: Public school pupils, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; immi- grants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Cincinnati College of Dental Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio, ii, 7. Cities: Immigrants in, abstract of report on, i, 723-772; conclusions, i, 36, 37; schedule forms used, ii, 653-662, 668-673; concentration of foreign-born in, i, 139-145; less illiteracy than in country districts, i, 157-159; number of married women in, Rhode Island, 11, 457; effect of life in, on fecundity of women, ii, 460, 462, 463, 472-479, 481-487, 490-500; on Hebrew and Italian children, ii, 533; differences of urban and rural population, Europe, ii, 550. Citizenship: Of immigrants, various investigations, i, 148, 150, 152-154, 156, 298-313, 484-489, ^06, 649, 730, 771, 772; ii, 152, 153; old and new immigration compared, i, 485-487; East Indians, i, 681; Hebrews in agriculture, i, 580, 581; Italians in agriculture, i, 565, 571, 574; few Mexicans become citizens, i, 690; denied to Chinese, ii, 579, 788; of fathers of school children, effect on retardation, ii, 40, 41; illiteracy among males of voting age, i, 159; in Hawaii, United States act regarding, ii, 795; naturalization laws and regulations, ii, 817-835; of immigrants, Argentina, ii, 639. 850 The Immigration Commission. Citrus-fruit industry. California, Japanese in, i, 669 .^ Cl-irk E-irle author of report on immigration and insanity, i, 3; report, n, 223-251. Clark! Inez M . , assisted in preparation of report on immigrants in charity hospitals, i, 3. Clark' John H United States Commissioner of Immigration in Canada, quoted, n, 618. Clark' Victor S., author of report on the immigration situation in Hawaii, i, 2; report, i, 695-722. Clark University, Worcester, Mass., 11, 7. Classification of races or peoples: Explanation of, i, 209-211; as used in dictionary, i 212 Clerical pursuits: Male breadwinners engaged in, i, 790-792, 821-829; females in, • CIQ_QI^ 830—838 Clerks and copyists: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, Cleveland, Ohio: Study of immigrants in, i, 723-772; households and persons studied, i, 732-734, 736; size of apartments, i, 741, 742; persons per room, i, 729, 743, 745, 746; boarders and lodgers, i, 748, 749; home ownership, i, 756; rent paid, i, 729, 757, 758; sanitary equipment of homes, i, 729; gainful occupation in the home, i, 751; public school pupils, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 33-35, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigrant banks, ii, 413, 415; foreign departments in banks, ii, 418; population and number of foreign- born, i, 151; ii, 469; citizenship, i, 152; married women tabulated, ii, 470, 471; fecundity of women, ii, 472-482, 494-500. Cleveland School of Pharmacy, Cleveland, Ohio, ii, 7. Cleveland, Grover: Signed Chinese exclusion bill, 1888, ii, 582; vetoed bill provid- ing for educational test, 1897, ii, 573, 574. Clifton? John W., compiled digest of immigration decisions and report on State immigration and alien laws, i, 4. Clothing, cost of, East Indians on Pacific coast, i, 680. Clothing industry: Summary of data secured i, 305, 306; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333, 627-634; Chinese in, San Francisco, i, 655, 659; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; racial displacements, i, 516, 517; established where cheap woman and child labor is available, i, 541. (See also Collar, cuff, and shirt manu- facturing, Boot and shoe manufacturing, Glove manufacturing, etc.) Clyatt peonage case, referred to, ii, 444-446. Coal mining: Employees studied, i, 626-629; average daily earnings, i, 686; Chinese displaced in Wyoming, i, 659; Mexicans employed in Southwest, i, 686. (See also Anthracite and Bituminous.) Coastwise traffic. See Steerage conditions. Coliviras Brothers, promoters of Greek shoe-shining parlors, ii, 398. Collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 308, 309; house- holds and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; Chinese in shirt-making, San Fran- cisco, i, 659; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; female breadwinners engaged in, i, 830- College of City of New York, New York, N. Y., ii, 7. Colleges and universities: List of those studied, ii, 7, 8; students in, ii, 76-86; schedule form used, ii, 686. Colonies: Italian farmers in the West, i, 651; colonization schemes of Scandinavians in the West, i, 651. Colorado: Population and number of foreign-born, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; citizen- ship, i? 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; farm households studied, Pacific coast, i, 639; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Colored. See Negro. Columbia University, New York, N. Y., ii, 7. Columbus, Ohio, immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Commerce and Labor, Department of, established 1903, ii, 575. Commission of Immigration of the State of New York, investigation of immigrant banks, 11, 414. (See also Immigration Commission.) Commissioner of Immigration, appointment provided for by law, 1864 ii 565 sioner-General of Immigration: Law regarding duties of, ii, 739 741; extracts reports on alien seamen, ii, 355-358; on contract labor, ii, 377; on padrone „ 8> *; on steamship ticket agents, ii, 385; on stowaways, ii, 366, 367. mmiasioners abroad: To arrange for exclusion of aliens with criminal records ommended, i, 45; President authorized to send, i, 10, 28; ii 576 743 mmittee on Immigration, Senate, established 1889 ii 570 ' 1889? if e5°70 Immigration and Naturalization, House of Representatives, established Communities, immigrant, schedule form used, ii, 680. 681. reo Index. 851 Company bouse system: Effect on home ownership, i, 467, 469; in seasonal agricul- tural labor, i, 598; tolerated by recent immigrants, i, 540. Company store system, tolerated by recent immigrants, i, 540. Concentration of the foreign-born in cities, i, 139-145. Conclusions: Of Immigration Commission, i, 23-44, 192, 691-694; ii, 367; of various other Congressional committees, ii, 570-572. (See also Investigations.) Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. Conditions in Europe: Results of economic investigation of, i, 185-187; Greece, as regards bootblacks, ii, 402-404. (See also Emigration conditions abroad.) Congestion: Definition of term as here used, i, 741; among immigrants in cities, i, 741-747; persons per room, in cities, i, 729; conclusions, i, 36, 37. (See also Hous- ing conditions, Persons per room, etc.) Conjugal condition: Of immigrants, various investigations,.!, 298-313, 447-460, 605, 649; ii, 137-142; native and foreign born compared, i, 458, 459; old and new immigra- tion compared, i, 459, 460; fecundity of women, ii, 451-500; single men, or men unaccompanied by families, conclusions and recommendations regarding, i, 38, 42, 47, 48. Connecticut: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quar- ries, i, 492; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Italian communities, i, 560; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414, 438; regulation of banking, ii, 435, 438; bank commissioner, referred to, ii, 438. Connellsville coke region, labor unions in, i, 533. Constantinople, population of, i, 282. 