None
Test for a Grounded Winding. A test to see whether or not the winding is grounded may be made by connecting one side of a 110-volt line, through a voltmeter, to the shaft of the armature and connecting the other side of the line to any bar of the commutator. If the meter gives an appreciable reading, it indicates a ground in the winding because, if the winding was perfectly insulated no current could flow through the voltmeter to make it indicate. Whether or not the winding is badly grounded is determined by the magnitude of the reading. If the meter gives a high reading, the winding is poorly insulated; a low reading signifies a well-insulated winding. A well-insulated arma- ture should give, with the ordinary c-c. voltmeter, less than one volt when such a test is made. If the magnitude of the reading is the same as though the meter were con- nected directly to the 110-volt line, it indicates that there is a bad ground somewhere in the winding, a ground so 450 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY bad that no insulation at all exists between the armature circuit and the core. To Locate a Grounded Coil. To locate the grounded coil of an armature all brushes are removed but one pair, as for the previous test. The dry cell is connected to the brushes as before, and one terminal of the voltmeter is connected to the shaft of the armature and the other is connected in turn to all of the commutator segments, as indicated in Fig. 288. If there is no ground, the readings will all be alike, while if a ground exists, the voltmeter will give continually varying readings, it being practically zero Fic. 288.—Connections for Locating a Grounded Coil. on one of the segments. This segment is connected directly to the grounded coil. Real Ground and Phantom Ground. Now it will be found that each path indicates a grounded coil; one of them is called a phantom ground. The two paths in the armature being in parallel, if there is a point in one path which has the same potential as the armature shaft (indicated by a zero reading of the voltmeter), there must be in the other path a corresponding point of zero potential which also will give a zero reading on the voltmeter. The two segments giving zero reading are marked with chalk and then the armature is rotated a fraction of OPERATION AND CARE OF ELECTRIC MACHINERY 451 a revolution and the test repeated. Two apparent grounds will again be detected, one in each path, but it will be noticed that one of the segments is the same as was detected before, while the other is now on a different seg- ment than it was. That ground which persists on the same commutator bar is the only real ground; the one which shifts from one segment to another as the armature is revolved is a phantom ground only, as the winding is really not grounded in this place at all. As the armature is turned in several positions and tested each time, it will be noticed that the phantom ground moves on the structure in the opposite direction to that in which the armature has been moved while the real ground turns just as the arma- ture is turned. Use of a Bell-buzzer for Making Tests. Instead of using a voltmeter for these tests a telephone receiver may be employed if the dry cell is connected to the brushes through a bell-buzzer. This is a very convenient way of testing as a suitable low reading voltmeter is not always available. Repairing an Armature. Repairing a faulty armature generally requires considerable skill and should not be attempted by the average operator. A repair man from the factory should be employed or, if the armature is a small one, it may be shipped back to the factory for repairs. as ee t be Cote & bs - aythe. yee aoe | ~ it INDEX PAGE Action of a generator, principle of.............ccccccccescuues 24 MOOR, BETNCITNIG OF 85 hee i ea a oh palbn Cae 25 Active component of current and e.mf........ SPs a PBS ee 205 power in an alternating current circuit.................. 206 PRE INOUE GRASUSOPEROE 2515.95 50 ol kdin'% oases sew A a eal bx Oh 289 NR CARO ALOR OE 8 eo) 5 36 5 2 Ke LRN 6 Reels 48 effect of unequal, in a generator ..............0000000 435 factors determining length ................ 000 cece eees 43 MN Sisal onan s SR ee es Peo ee 67 Alternating current, definition of ........... 060. cc cee ee eee eee 196, Peer iy PETTING OEE oo 2 ios gc a oy die ON ela Sea ae OR wale 196 PTR RMTEMAION 006505 55.5 c% cian Svcs ba ae Rao se BRL 232: frequency of e.m.f. generated by ...............0.4. 231 wericral Gonstraction' Gf lac oh ns ote wee eae 229 Shane Or G4t, WaAVG- OF). sii os oe tee 198-199, 234 ee, SURTTRUMIY OF o. <2. 3k a Bee Be ot Sate Se 9 Ampere-turns, calculation of proper number for specified field frame 65 cross magnetizing, of a C-C. armature ........... 120 demagnetizing, of a C-C. armature .............. 120 faeaning OF term eis oo Se oes i Re ee 64 Amortisseur, used to prevent hunting ...................5. 312, 328 Analogy, mechanical, of a synchronous motor .................. 328 Ma MUMEES MNITG 5055.4 3000 ea? oil Cele oo «fo On cee eK 123 of phase difference of e.m.f. and current ................. 203 TOR CURD 2 515 SA Si aca as 0 ches coins wo: Ve ele Raed 22, 244 effect of, on speed of a motor ...... SERIF Oe re Ee 165 effect of, on voltage of a generator................45. 130 Pei We Ol AIT PAP sib ee Ws Se es keen Se ee 43 Armature resistance, calculation of .............. eee eee 101 effect of, on speed of a motor ............. 163 effect of, on terminal voltage of a generator. 101 453 454 INDEX Armature winding, current capacity of ..............00eee05 ++ oe for continuous-current machine .............. 73 for polyphase alternators............... 234-235 for single phase alternators ............ Sis hae rae Asynchronous generator; : so... 08 sib oe te tvs hee eu wae eee .. 350 Autotransformer, operation Of ..........5.csseccceccevsscccune. on a commutating pole motor ........ on voltage of a generator ............ fitting, on a commutator... (0. 052...... Jus ddan ae material sed 408). 66.36 05.6 (A oyew ds ise Sess s oe proper preastare for: 6.225 05.5 sie as web sie ee a safe Current FOR a: 0 s5e Ss Ki evra 3 Rigs aap eeieiel ba 2. ACNE OF 25s ses core hin 0 Sed sien tk ee Slade aia" s <a 5 ee Building-up of a self-excited generator ...........60052250005 er , failure of, due to dirty commutator ............... high resistance in field rheostat.. .. incorrect field connection ......... no residual magnetism ........... open filed circuit:. ... Js. cisue aa speed too low .............. Peete ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eree Bus-bars . 5c... fides nc cp ates sac woe Oe eee tes oar oe Capacity of a condenser... .. 2... .56 esse ete eee e eect ease neat 3: 3 <bean tai i alas Silt ialetini le lan INDEX 455 PAGE Capacity of a dynamo electric machine, limited by temperature rise. 48 ~ effect of ventilation upon. 49,138 Cascade connection of induction motors ....................... 346 Case, corrugated for self-cooling transformers ..............<... 291 ie TAREE BAG Te, TOT matte ei Be ly les aa Ra Ress 2 Characteristic curves, for c-c. BOB EPALOTE ys sp amtb hove ore ot 126 FORGO. INGLORS ot SS sy 157-162 For induction motor, 5.5. doves ces 285 343 LOE AO SONEPALON Beir ok: pe bbs eed ck 252 FOR BORIC eG THONG elise es ois odo a da ace clo. 360 Chemical effect of an electric current.......................... 2 RS Ser een e iat eic aie ee eae nee SF 7 OMIRORMOR 5G gre Ars we een wise He ose oe i kare 412 Circulating current with alternators in parallel operation ........ 267 Pe De eae ee ene en ee Sema eee ania ie 66 Creel mndncion: 2 fe pie ue Boe sacs eee eis os hee 213 Coils, formed, for use in armature winding.................. 86-238 construction of, as used in transformer .............. 281-284 semi-formed, use of, with semi-closed slots ............... 47 ominutaling poles, yse Of’: 65.60. si occ adn dstescheeuedeen 36-167 Commutation, condition for sparkless ...............00.cceeces 116 current in short circuited coil during........ hy es 114 difficulty of, in series a-c. motor................. 358 effect of, on wave shape of elementary generator... 95 CIE, MINE POR OR So sees tek as See tara nO 111 use of commutating poles to facilitate............ 118 Sommutator, construction Of ti s:. cose oc oie PS TA ewes 52 POA OL oo bias. ba SDs io Rak ean a 51 oO) A i TS nee 442 roughened, effect..of 6.2550 ¢b06 Hs US a ek oe ee 436 Commutator motors for alternating current supply ............. 352 Comparison of capacities of synchronous converter and ¢-c. DENEPALOR s 65. BRS ee ee Pa tacthn asin woe Ae 378 single and polyphase systems and machinery ..... 400 Compensated repulsion motor .. ...... 5. eee e eee cee e eee 366 Compensating winding to neutralize armature reaction .......... 125 for single phase series motors............ 356 Compound winding of field coils... 1.0.0.0... . cc cece eee e cee 105 Compound wound generator, commercial use of ...........-+5+- 134 motor, use of fly wheel with................. 183 Concantenation control of induction motors................+++: 346 Condenser, charge and discharge curves for ..............050065 218 456 INDEX PAGE Condenser, construction Of ...........00cccue ee ceecucues Joan 218 Condenser action of an over-excited synchronous motor ......... 323 Condudtorac i 6 inic is auiees picaee Gaaack en a eee . 4 Constant current transformer, 2. ..000. 6.4. 60 cede. dss cee 301 Continuous current, definition of ...........0..0scccceceeveus . ae Control: of motor speed:.... ....... 504. Faw cis eae 04 ee 176 Controller. for railway motors... 020 60004 Osa ss as oe 183 Converter (see synchronous converter). Copper loss in a transformer ............0.0:cs0 cee chevcevsuue . 294 Core, armature, construction of ©. 266s 39s. oscs.0..00 0s eee << e laminating the, reasons for ...0.604. 6... 0s. 0s Jue eee 38 Demme BIR 5 65s so sian Winn we ale wee eR eanalintte as Cae ee . 89 transformer, construction of ...........0..000ceceeeeees . 282 Coulomb, unit of quantity, definition of ...............-...45. ees.) Counter-electromotive force, effect of, on motor speed........... 163 meaning Of...:. 56 sec dvs sv cs we 151 Cross magnetizing effect of armature reaction ...............0+- 123 Cumulative compound motor-..56... 0.0000. ds veces seuss Owebaee . 151 Current density in armature coils..............00200ee0eeuee .. 100 in Field Oils |. osc5 kis va bain 3% 0 baa ee 69 Current transformer’... 60 5 os lees sienna bees fe ee 305 Curves, characteristic (see characteristic curves). Damping grids. oo 65 G86 Sis 3 et ete wi oon 295 312 Decay of current in condenser discharge ..............-++-0+008 218 Delta connection of three phase alternator ..............-...00+ 237 Demagnetizing effect of armature reaction .................504 123 Difference of potential 6.5.0 56.65 iss eee head cones Ny ee eer 14 Deenet CUO 5. a nee oe Bl sc 8 Re eens eae 0g a Distribution, three phase «0... ie ccc sb cs tend eee ee eevee wee 401 three. WG. 6 se 56 CE ee ees oe Division of load, between a-c. machines in parallel.............. between c-c. machines in parallel ............ Ducts, ventilating 6.00 00. 6.054 Spee og 1a ee ee ee Dynamo electric machine, definition of ..............0.02e ee eee general construction of .............. Eddy currents, in armature COTre .. .ciinsec see's eos So etn pare in trausforme? COP 65°05. dh ies cigh cee eae ae current loss in a dynamo electric machine ..............-+. Edgewise wound field:ooils «0.500.600 4.20 te tae Sees Effective value of a sine Wave .... ... 3 bie cess se vctc ewe desea’ ee a ee -. INDEX Efficiency, all-day, of a transformer... . 0... ee ecesccccceceeeen, CRG OF os Tiss Lis aves oat ea pa Te te TaN S importance of, in dynamo electric machinery obtaining data for calculation of ..............00000e of a motor, determined from name plate data........ Electric current, general effects of ............ccccccuccccccces CRE. 2 SA Tee Aa Daw ote Rate ele PER ore we dlwia BROWS = sleet rae rele rp ehnaad ae RAT ei ataane BURIVNGR SiS 5-5 owing WAR ONT EU) Lee eat ner ate Electromotive force, generated in a conductor cutting flux ....... generated in primary cell...............00. generated in a thermo-couple.............. MAEUTO ODN os ie nh aa kn eee wae of a c-c. generator, calculation of ..... Gre ha Ua GE ORION. 350 les iw ae Pe os OE #lectromotive force wave, form of, in an elementary generator ... saucer hus-bar, funetion Of wie iin os 0a ho abe Siawle oe Os ow Excitation, field, methods of, in c-c. machines.................. OF SOF NBER NES 82. lS es oes ee OW Oo ee Exeiter, use of with a-c. machines .........0.....0. 0 cbse ciceeces External characteristic of a c-c. generator .............005 cece OF AN BC) PANETALON oo isin Clg pS e ee + * © ee woe Fan, use of, for forced ventilation. 7. ............ 0s eee e ee ee eee Farad, unit of capacity ............08% LR laa sa Aaa Ohmi eet Faults occurring in electrical machinery ..............00200000 RN COTS (CONSEENCEION OF 2.54 ss 3.5: cole as cee Gao ees AAW es Cie rorit Gens GWE SOR Sos a) vic ciclo a ce een in bad, eae for turbésaiternatorss. 5 osc 5atal he eek Basak yo we Field compounding curve .... 6... 66 cece eee c ee eter ee senses Field frame, bipolar and multipolar... .........-....e sees eens material for different parts .... 2.1.62 set eee cecces rotating and stationary ..........-0epecerseeceecs MED PHAONEAT << Sx BAG oe acne GRIN Oh RC ee ee bh ese Ale Field windings, calculations of ...........-- 6c eee cece eee eees proper sized wire for ........-.-- see eee eee eeees tive leakage so. ics ua. coe Gtk cies Cues not saps ae eens alae Flywheel, use of, with compound motor .....-.-.-+++++eeeerees Force between current and magnetic field ............++++++++++ Force, synchronizing, of an alternator... .....--.+-++esssereees Form factor of an alternating current wave ........---+-+++ee0 Frequency, critical, for an a-c. circuit .... 0... seer eee se sere ees ee 458 INDEX * Frequency, meaning Of i066) dcdls ec ce scclenes teeta 196-231 used on various commercial circuits ............ osc; A S¥ingo, pole 6336. eee eee aye Pay Gy Pe ae 4 BRIGG, Soc sb nes Svan Sand ced EROS A eet TLL be tee 409 Gauss, unit of magnetic field strength .................0c0cee yee 4 Generated e.m.f. in a moving conductor ..................0005- 21am Generator, alternating current .............. 00 cc ccecucceceees 229° 3 COMPOUNE «56 Fu ceiin gic Hod eee ccd ow bn See ee 138 3 continuous cutrent. 60. 00... ec pee ee a efficiency of;. 3.0.53) SO ee 6 187 4 electric, definition Of 0.0. 6.0. oo Sean s aoe eee 242s exeitatson Of & 3s :2.\ chs 5) Sos tance cnet eee 103, 232 4 MORDOR FE we etait ob hak Oa nie oe 188 > 4 operation of a-c., in parallel... ..............000000ee 50° operation of e-c., in parallel...................- 140-146 rating of an a-c., in kilovolt-amperes................ loss, variation of, in dynamo-electric machines ....... 190 INDEX 459 PAGE senpregnation: OF Windings ...<cic'y basic «> xwsiareidy's d's, bhide woe dacs 89 BUPA TERIOR TOMOLOD hse 65°SS SEN Gincelace gate His. de cae boda ce 213 Peduntion, agiion of Belf ce a ck cP. oa ieveas eg es. 213 Raita gierateer eco Neo ee ks as 349 motor, effect of rotor resistance on speed of ........... 344 peherg! consiructiOn. oo. sciU.eyobis-dcone 331-336 generation of rotating magnetic field in ........ 334 WAUOT SPOS aig chs tw ein cars oA shia ee ene Fig an be 340 running characteristics of ..............e2c0e 343 Ritigle Phage. os Sutin ek oe here ica bag Wee ok 347 epeds 'cbiinghs so sls alae ea ws ei OR aw Oo 345 speed of rotation of magnetic field in........,. 335 starting characteristics. 2. ons..ci des caeewves 341 Inductive circuit, magnitude of current in an .................. 215 Inductor, meaning of the term ..............00 000 eeee eal amas 22 number of active, on an armature ................00. 99 Insulation of armature windings... ..........0.c.ccseccecscees 88 DORLON (iron de. a ite sche doh Mana reheat ak hee a SOE a 4 Seen NN, TN SRM ATUITO GONE 4 ci ae Wa Gab sn i odo oa See eT Ca 20 SUE APM AIOUTUON GONG ss 5 AE 5 sare dipeuins WS tas eaale wenn 293 © measurement of, in a transformer.................0.. 299 ee MEER TI CRO Bon oc tecturg cok Bete hadn'nd hai s, 4,08 baceeparana 13 Joule’s law for heat generated by a current ............8+e0005 yee Ree eeaime for an-armature i 6. 6.6 nk 6 cs ae an tle eal 4 ordain’ ane | BaMnnalion Of AYIMALUTS COPS 675i v5.65 5 oe ce ci eds Oe ae meen 37 Ole RYAN OVINE CONS 2. robs da a alee Oe cnn oe eed. 293 Laminations, how built up around transformer coils............. 284 em ACMMRAE THIBTITELOIN G9, 3's. 5) elas, s RO Re Ae REA A RENTS S 66 lS SN Se Gp NE DOW fap PSNR ee dee ye 33, 296 Maetl wale TOP A BEABION <j. )-4:,.5:scais es es + Sgr a bain ee 141 hoantion Of armature faults 20245). 5 ig Ss o's vine as he ela whe os 447 ’ proper, for electrical machinery ............++++0e. 428 Losses, determination of, in a transformer ............+6+++e0e5 298 occurring in a dynamo electric machine............... field, meaning Of ....... 226k sec e eee ee eee nen es cam, we | i ae /. 460 INDEX ’ PAGE Magnetic flux, distribution of, in the air gap ..............005- ee £ leakage of, in a generator ...............ceeceee 34 { leakage of, in a transformer ...............20-0: 296 DeywberOde os asic, seesaw aes sas ie io. lines of force, continuity of ... . 2.05.00. cies ce uc uslae 15 , peemeability 0:65 564 asses ea cees otek as See 16 Magnetiom, residual 6.560 i SG on oes Fe ee 128 | Magnetization curves for a c-c. generator................2.200. 127 t for iron and steel’... 0.60. S35 ees cee 18 Magnetomotive force, formula for ................0..00 ce eeees 16 DE ORG So. \00 TORS SRR stale aes ee eee Pret 416 Mica used as.an insulator. 26 6. 6s Poni iat ees oom Coenen Ree 54 Micanite, use of, in commutator construction .................. 55 Mil, cirotlar 36 sek, os es oe we ea ek eee eee ‘pee 7 Mirror @yMIOOTG os i555 oo bank bn onde edb ssa es baat 3 ene 197 Motor fails to start due to fuses blown .............00.0eeeeeee 446 ft field or armature circuit open ........ 447 + supply line dead 2... 600es.cecen came -. 446 - 4 too much resistance in field rheostat .. 447 z | too inuch starting torque requinell Sau 447 Motor, the continuous current ............csccccsecscecewsser 150 calculation of horsepower of ..............-c00eceee eee 156 calculation of torque Of <2... 0... i occ esc ewc st aceey ene 154 current-torque curves for various types of .............. 157 speed control-ok 2. i425. cst sncdescc ss apace sees hee speed characteristics of different types of c-c starting rhepatat for... scsi sus tetese th enn eee the indluction. 4... 5 i vstca ges oot eee the repulaion «5 5&3 eid cas sna ht eee ee ees eee F the series, shunt and compound ....................+5- the single phase Series «iif oes ack es tea ee ee ee the synchronous «i543. sive sss stare aks ea Or ean Multiple circuit armature windings ................-.+-.++-00: Ys voltage system of speed control ..................000. Multipolar field frame «0.2 4:05:30. s.iicc cee y cee sss ess semeae sen dy +4) War sar iy = ig - Neutral, current in, in three wire distribution .................. : Neutral wire, use of, in three phase armature .................. 6 No-voltage release <3. soies S64 553 eb ed ane Soe Pane tp ee Te Oil-cooled transformer 00.6 :.6 660500 lenis (eee ene eee 290 > 461 b..__ Date Widinickca ) PAGE Ohm, unit of resistance, efinitiOti Of rrr nine, CN cae ee 10 PNP UNW RS 8 ee POR in ag oe Petes sy. MA Artes : Paste ih ' 10 Operation of generator, PEPE. ons Nola Cure eh os he 24 of generators in BALA! ocne Vireo bs See S I es. 142-146, 260 Chitotor prambipte Ol sn ta 255 eee ea 25 Output, calculation of possible, for a c-c. machine.............. 99 relative values of, for a given armature used as c-c. generator and synchronous converter............... 379 Over-compound generator, operation of. 9 2. 2)o; soe. ns ee, 134 use of shunt for series field on........ 108 RENN TUMORI CCG 8 ee eT a YA Mean ae che Lh aA 174 Pancake coil, use of in transformer ........................... 283 MMOS te CONtODDOARE: Soe ey 424 Parallel operation of a-c. generators.............0.0-0-0-000202. 260 G0; SONCMHLOTR cc ber es ie RO 142-146 Period, meaning of term.............. Rae PUNE sok eee Eo ae Poe 196 RBMITAl; OF Hn ee elFeUIt. ors his cs SE eS 227 of asynchronous motor. : 2 2. 020) SH ke 328 RIMIMOMIRIIEY “SAROHOUO 52s. aoe ie borsd 1 euar beet a ere 19 Phase characteristics of a synchronous motor .................. 316 Phase displacement of voltage and current..................00. 203 Physiological effect of an electrical current.................- LSD MIME HERRERO WINCHES. <5 oo. oF es oaks bee Pe 84 MENS TUNE OF? cr on a toy eRe Tt ures eee Pane 35 0 a err bese seg et a I he ORNS eR i ae 35 Ramee, CUMIEOUER ERA 8 Tar. Sarai oe gs ER Oe 36, 119 material and constriction 662 enero ea ee es 32, 124 Polyphase circuit, metering power Ina ...............s ence eens 404 machinery compared to single phase................. 400 power, advantage over single phase ................. 398 CRHNSIOPMM ALICIA a ee ee 402 Potential, meaning of the term). 2:00.25 08 An ea eae ee 14 (NPEROE OE hi Ra Re Peete ee ae es es 14 Power, active in an a-c. Circuit 00... eee ee tenes 205 Power tactor of an.a-c: cirewit. 20S. hen Fas ce os wees oss 204 Power, formula for, in a c-c. circuit... 2.6.0.6 - eee eee eee eee 13 Tie AEN Ae CIPI Bae Pe noe oe nis 204 , measurement of, in an a.c. circuit... .........- eee eee eee 208 reactive, In aN a-0. circuit... fo. oe i ee ie ae 204 Te, ee ee ay sae eee ees ewe Cee toe aah ee Sete 9 13 462 INDEX PAGE Quadrature current or e.ta.f 6:6 ess Ses ya wore sess bese eee 205 Quantity of electricity, unit of... , 0.0.6.0 5.5-s5 +04 ease 10 Rating of acc. machinery... 600064dsceeskiepece nes sues 251 Radiation, effect of, on capacity of a machine.................. 139 Reaetainee v5 555/504 Ges Fad Sinn’ o9- 455 heen ak taia a oa ea 215 Reaction, armature, compensation for, in c-c. machines.......... 125 _ distortion of field. by .:. 6.0 \.0%.0.< = sieves teen 166 effect of, on commutation ................. 122 on speed of a motor ..........5%0. 165 on voltage of a generator.......... 130 IN O-0; MAGRINES:. oss. s ou oo pels eee 22 in polyphase alternator ............... 249-250 in single-phase alternator .................. 244 limits length of air gap.............0000005 43 Reaction; Capacity. oo ve civic as 36s vecrem See deh nh ete ce os 220 INGUCTANOE 6.5. ves ong voce adec BV eS DES ae bee 213 TESIBTATIOS 5 asco, aaa aia a 0 by ou aR oho hk sp eee 211 Reactive current or 6.00f ox Ha teow s cne's Kae tes + ee 204 POOR 6 ae eS et ee eee be Fee nk Stee 205 Rectifier, mercury are <5 oie Skeese ideo ca a 391 WIDTAUIDE Soko naue dev ibe ae kl ah eee Ee eet ee 389 Regulation-of 8 generahor ss --.:5.5:6 cee ois. cede Baek ode ev 135 of a transformer... 3). 65 6 is oS ccaia gibi so 6 eee voltage, used with alternators...................... 255 Relay, over-load, time-limit ... 0... 2. 6 eek ae oo oe 415 Hidlcage, no-volitiee gg. < ss Ga Fs een eee 175 VRE ORG 5 5 55 au e ooo 5 db maya eines biped aos Ghat e 174 Reluctance of a magnetic circuit ................2.-0-65 “Sno Seale 16 Mapulsion Motor 25 idk We.5 oe ais lb ea Rede shige cea 362 Resistance, dependence upon dimensions of conductor........... 6 dependence upon temperature ................-2085 6 effective, of an a-c. circuit. 200.5 oss. no 5 ha ee eee 209 general conception. Of 5... 009s ta dria a » ape 5 of copper wires, table: of 00. 04.65.65: +i ceen se eke 8 Resistance drop in a c-c. armature, calculation of ............... 101 leads in a single-phase series motor ...............+. 359 Resonance mM an 8-0. GCult: 5 os baa es se eles dee cas Ree -. 226 Reversibility of motor and generator........ Whale tae oak Rheostat, fielil.s\ 222.55 os cece ct iste oa oe tare peace vc tao 105, motor starting sss cya cack o corse wae oe ee 172: INDEX 463 PAGE MIDUGR WORN TOME COR 5 sik Hl G oO aoe ld A baits bn dock cea 73 PPE MONVGRURE OO 0 al tac 5 ce Ske a SORES CE Ses wine yee oe 367 ROGLEE OF A IMGNCHON INOGON os GN Wiaee vce ebb kee nad beac 331 peott connection of: transformers... s:25 cesadweeles son oadde 402 Series generator, characteristics Of & .........ccececcececcscces 131 Series motor, characteristics of and use. ............0.e00- 158, 352 Shunt generator, characteristics of .................cccceeccees 132 UO gore rag ioc a Rd ANA Ov w 0 oe Ole cae Shunt, used with series field winding................ cc cee ceeee 108 pimgle-pliase induction-Motor -.fic Fs dee eee ede cena dwncceceve 347 SE TORI Ss seh hase dts Sok w cal se Ca wes olde wa 101 compensating winding for ............ 356 COMMEUILATIONIGE oii Sie Spe nso ceed ales 358 use of resistance leads...............- 359 Pree, CH OCH IH ROL. CORGMGEONG 6. eASEWN Soe ke. cele BA a eater ets 211 Blot in-armature core; shape Of fi) as SES. Pees weet ae es 46 Solution of problems on a-c. circuits ... 2... .. 6... eee ee ee eee 225 Sparking at commutator due to brushes in wrong position ....... 439 insufficient brush pressure... .... 439 open circuited coil.............. 440 over-loaded armature........... 439 poorly fitted brushes ........... 439 Fough surface’ oi. 0.0.50 eds seces 436 short circuited coil............. 489 Gnpaual dif PAP... 668s n sce 440 unequal brush spacing .......... 440 vibration of machine ........... 439 Speed of a motor, effect of variation in line voltage on .......... 167 Speed, no-load, of a motor, calculation of ......-....-.-+6+ sess 160 Speed control of motor by field variation .......-.--6+++ee+eees 177 by multiple voltage supply line.......... 176 of induction Motor i. Ys a eee ews 345 of railway motors .... 6.2.26. e eee ee eee eens. 179 Speed-load curves for different  eee eee eeerenaeas 53 Split phase method of starting an induction motor ..........+4+: 347 Split pole synchronous converter... +--+ +++2e0 sere rete esses 387 Starting a machine, precautions to be observed... 2... Three phase system, grouping of apparatus ................004- MCtEriNG POWET ss 62 66 e's ss ayn Pew weight of copper required, compared to single- PHA sy vino nnd hoteles ee Three-wire generavor ooo. 6. ak seed ok Coe se eee eee ee ee systema of distribution yo <6 35 tis ee A ae es Time of short circuit for commutation .........6.6. 062 e eee eee Tirrill repulatoe:s 665650 ia Gans vd lee oss Ane ete kee 2 neti Torque acting in ‘a generator ss. .)o66 oe eek ees wt neo acting in a MOT tise 6b. i ee baw om va ee ee calculation of, in a c-C. MOtOT .... 1... ee ete eee development of, in the induction motor ............+++. variation of, with armature current in c-c. motors ....... Transformer, all-day efficiency of a... 1... 66. e eee cece eee eens Pt ee a EME Maa rt S——————————————— UCC ee! ee ' INDEX 465 PAGE Transformer, constant-current .............00.00c0cc00-000..., 301 DONS UR CHOI NOL 5 es oss sce Ro ye 280-288 danger from a “broken-down” ................... 288 WOLOING CV ON Ge Sa Fes ese alg Mico oy 280 effect of magnetic leakage on operation of ......... 187 effect of secondary current on primary current ..... 275 O.i0S., M-Berihg BA0) MOLT ikke. OUR tee 358 PRUNE CATIONS OL 2. oo eee) bon Fen eeoas 273 SUBNET Fe os SE TONGS STEN Lae 304 WOH GCCURM IS IN 5c k Rhee Cones ce eee 292 Tsthouds OF COOMNI OO aS lei Se oe eee 289 pemmcmpie of operation. Atc.ckesy flew cs wee 273 FRLIO OF VOMOMI SE Ba ae ees oa cee ee ea oe 276 TBO PD RSE Ss sa tcae Pk ee ne nes 308 MCAT SS Gr asl eile SR Gay EA OO Ak oa 304 Transmission line, place of the transformer in operation of a ..... 278 superiority of three phase power fora........ 398 weaved OF G'ayHCnrongus Molar. 6 os6o.0 5. oe kn ose eee ee 316 Vector representation of current and voltage in an a-e. circuit.... 201 Ventilation, effect of, upon the capacity of a machine........ 48, 139 Virtual values of voltage and current ............. 2.00.2 e ec eee 199 EEN Gen Siar SRN aya Se ay Crepes hee em oy 9 Voltage, calculation of generated, of a machine................. 101 equality of, between wires of a three-phase circuit ...... 237 PE in sla Wie Se hs eo Ee eG edie Me ote ole ea OD standard, for e-o; machines 2 6. ote eee cee bee 103 terminal, Of a generator ). 24 os eri ec eweees Pa a eos 101 MAE UIE LPANSLONMED 6 0.5.64. ¢. oo. + sce vise 10.8 0 biases wees 290 Watt, unit of power, definition Of ...........0 ee cece cece ne eeeee 13 GIES oo iw) Salk a since yy eS On ne aes ree De See 421 Wattless component of current and e.m.f.... 2.6.6... armature, develaped:,,.. .:...5 s+.s wb. wadvicsuwlesial awa mau 86, 239 field (see field windings). ¥-connected alternator cc sic. pised oats ardin dca e's noel pate 236 Yoke, material of, in c-c. machinery ...........00csecevcececes 32 reluctance Of: ¢i.0.<wisistis ae bales sis Poles Ute aeed Comme ~-— 67 THE WILEY TECHNICAL SERIES EDITED BY J. M. JAMESON: A series of carefully adapted texts for use in technical, vocational and industrial schools. The subjects treated will include Applied Science; Household and Agricultural Chemistry; Electricity; Electrical Power and Machinery; Applied Mechanics; Drafting and Design; Steam; Gas Engines; Shop Practice; Applied Mathematics; Agriculture; Household Science, ete. The following texts are announced; others are being added rapidly: _ ELECTRICITY THE ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICITY; For Technical Students. By W. H. Timsirn, Head of Department of Applied Science, Wentworth Institute. Small Svo, xi+556 pages, 415 figures. Cloth, $2.00 net. THE ESSENTIALS OF ELECTRICITY; A Text-book for Wire- men and the Electrical Trades. By W.H. Timsie, Wentworth Institute. 12mo, flexible covers, pocket size. xili+271 pages, 224 figures. Cloth, $1.25 net. DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT MACHINERY. By Professor J. H. Morecrort, Columbia University. Small 8vo, ix +466 pages, 288 figures. Cloth, $1.75 net. ALTERNATING CURRENTS. By W.H. Tiste, Head of Depart- ment of Applied Science, Wentworth Institute, and H. H. Hiesre, Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan. (In preparation.). ELECTRIC LIGHTING. By H. H. Hiasie, Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Michigan. (In preparation.) INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICITY. By W.H. Timpie, Head of Department of Applied Science, Wentworth Institute. (In preparation.) HEAT AND HEAT ENGINEERING HEAT; A Text-book for Technical and Industrial Students. By J. A. RANDALL, Instructor in Mechanics and Heat, Pratt Institute. Small 8vo, xiv-+331 pages, 80 figures. Cloth, $1.50 net. GAS POWER. By Professors C. F. Hrrsarexp and T. C. ULBricut, Cornell University. Small 8vo, vili+198 pages, 60 figures. Cloth, $1.25 net. STEAM POWER. By Professors C. F. Hirsurerp and T. C, Uxsricat, Cornell University. (Jn preparation.) HEAT AND LIGHTIN THE HOUSEHOLD. By W.G. WuiTman. State Normal School, Salem, Mass. (In preparation.) “MECHANICS ELEMENTARY PRACTICAL MECHANICS. By J. M. JAmMEson, Pratt Institute. Small 8vo, xii+321 pages, 212 figures. Cloth, $1.50 net. MECHANICS FOR MACHINISTS: By R.W. Burnuam, Erasmu, — Hall High School, Brooklyn, Instructor in Evening Machine Works Pratt Institute. (In preparation.) MATHEMATICS PRACTICAL MATHEMATICS. By C. R. Dootzy, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh. (/n prepara- tion.) A SHOP MATHEMATICS FOR MACHINISTS. By R. W. Burnuam, Instructor in Machine Work, Pratt Institute Evening School. (In preparation.) AGRICULTURE POULTRY. By Professor J. C. GRAHAM, Massachusetts Agricultural College. (In preparation.) SOILS. By Professor A. G. McCatt, Ohio State University. (Jn preparation.) AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. By Professor T. E. Keir, | Clemson Agricultural College. (In preparation. ) INJURIOUS INSECTS. By Dean E. D. Sanperson and Professor L. M. Pratrs, West Virginia University. (In preparation.) AGRICULTURAL DRAFTING. By Cuaries B. Howr, ME. 4to, 46 pages, 45 figures, 22 plates. Cloth, $1.25 net. FIELD MANUALS IN AGRICULTURE A carefully selected series of laboratory and field studies, with supplementary theory and information for classroom use. 4to; loose leaf, or bound in paper covers as preferred. Studies of Trees: Their Diseases and Care. By J.J. Levison, M.F., Lecturer on Ornamental and Shade Trees, Yale University Forest School, Forester to the Department of Parks, Brooklyn, N. Y. 16 pamphlets, $1.00 net. Sold separately if desired. Price each 5, 10, or 15 cents according to size. Exercises in Farm Dairying. By Professor C. Larsen, De- partment of Dairy Husbandry, South Dakota State College. 69 Exercises. Single Exercises two cents each. Complete $1.00 net. Exercises in Poultry Raising. By Professor J.C. Granam, Massachusetts Agricultural College. (Jn preparation.) Market Gardening. By Professor F. L. Yeaw, Oasis Farm & Orchard Company, Roswell, New Mexico. Formerly Pro- fessor of Market Gardening, Massachusetts Agricultural College. (In preparation.) Studies of Insects. By Dean E. D. Sanperson and L. M. Peatrs, West Virginia University. (Jn preparation.) Farm Crops and Soils. By Professor A. G. McCauu, Depart- ment of Agronomy, Ohio State University. (/n preparation.) Exercises in Agricultural Chemistry. By Professor T. E. Kerrr, Clemson Agricultural College. (In preparation.) THE LOOSE LEAF LABORATORY MANUAL A series of carefully selected exercises to accompany the texts of the Series, covering every subject in which laboratory or field work may be given. Each exercise is complete in itself, and is - printed separately. These will be sold by the single sheet as selected or where preferred will be bound in paper cover. Exercises in General Chemistry. By Cuarites M. ALLEN, Head of Department of Chemistry, Pratt Institute. An introductory course in Applied Chemistry, covering a year’s laboratory work on the acid-forming and metallic elements and compounds. 4to, 62 pages, 61 exercises. Selected exercises as desired, to fit an ordinary binder, two cents each. Complete in paper cover, $1.00 net. Exercises for the Applied Mechanics Laboratory. By J. P. Korreamp, M.E., Instructor in Steam and Strength of Materials, Pratt Institute. Steam; Strength of Materials; Gas Engines; ~ Hydraulics. 4to, 54 exercises, with numerous cuts an tables. Selected exercises as desired, to fit an ordinary binder, two cents each. Complete in paper cover, $1 net. Wiring Exercises. By H. A. Catperwoop, Carnegie Institute of Technology. (Jn preparation.) Quantitative Chemical Analysis. By Cuarues M. ALLEN, Head of Department of Chemistry, Pratt Institute. 12 pamphlets. Complete in paper cover, $1.00 nel. Exercises in Industrial Chemistry. By Dr. Aten Roars, Instructor in Qualitative Analysis, Pratt Institute. (Jn prep- aration.) Technical Chemical Analysis. By R. H. H. Aunast, Instructor in Technical Chemistry, Pratt Institute. 19 pamphlets. Com- plete, 85 cents nel. Qualitative Chemical Analysis. By C. E. Brvrns, Instructor in Qualitative Analysis, Pratt Institute. (Ready in part.) Elementary Electrical Testing. By Professor V. KARAPETOFF, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 25 exercises, 50 cents net. Exercises in Mechanics. By J. M. Jameson, Girard College; Formerly Pratt Institute. 52 exercises. Single exercises two cents each. Complete in paper cover, 85 cents net. Exercises in Heat. By J. A. Ranpatt, Instructor in Mechanics and Heat, Pratt Institute. 13 exercises, with numerous cuts and diagrams. Single exercises two cents net each. Exercises in Electricity, A. C. and D. C. By W. H. Timsim, Head of Department of Applied Science, Wentworth Institute. 49 Exercises. Single exercises, two cents each. Complete in paper cover, 85 cents nef. il ‘4 By eT . ‘y % ; tes fie - rs . M ’ ‘ ‘ ‘ Rati i iathak Aes Ret lie Sith ial. tosh tind eich Abele 2 Oh ale SHOP TEXTS MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE. By W. J. Kaur, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Small 8vo, ix+227 pages, 186 figures. Cloth, $1.25 net. PATTERN MAKING. By Freperick W. Turner and DANIEL G. Town, Mechanic Arts High School, Boston. (In preparation.) TOOL MAKING. By W. J. Kaup, Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, and J. A. CHAMBERLAIN, Supervisor ’ of Manual Training, Washington, D.C. (In preparation.) A SHOP MATHEMATICS FOR MACHINISTS. By R. W. BurnuaM, Instructor in Machine Work, Pratt Institute Evening School. (In preparation.) DRAFTING AND DESIGN AGRICULTURAL DRAFTING. By Cuartes B. Hows, M.E. Ato, viii+63 pages, 45 figures, 26 plates. Cloth, $1.25 net. ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING. By A. B. GREENBERG and Cuaries B. Howe, Stuyvesant Technical High School, New York. 4to. Cloth, $1.50 net. THE LOOSE LEAF DRAWING MANUAL. Reference and Problem Sheets to accompany the texts of Agricultural Drafting. These will be furnished singly as selected, and are designed to enable the instructor to adapt his instruction closely to the needs of his class. 40 sheets now ready. Price two cents each. , .. iA - an i Te. Bt et pen PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY a pa > ee bot yy ne 0 gn Dieingeeenieehe — ma - —— a ~~ aceamnpicianertecmntnk amen Bott tenn een telat Sa Seige at ate ent ght nek mibeyunbtananaaeitadiies meee ae Oe) . 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