None
action of extracts of, 706 aqueduct of Sylvius, 639 artery of haemorrhage, 659 blood-supply of, 658 circulation in, 319 claustrum, 653 corpora quadrigemina, 654 corpora striata, 658 external form, 642 extirpation of, 695 fissures of, 642 fourth ventricle, 638 ganglia of, 650 gray matter of, 648 internal capsule, 654 lobes, 645 motor areas, 697 optic thalamus, 695 sensory areas, 697 structure of convolutions of, 649 tracts, cortico-pontal cerebellar, 656 motor, 656 sensory, 658 white matter, 650 Bread, 43 Bread juice, comparative value of, 79 Breathing (see respiration). Bromelin, 104 Bronchi, 342 blood-supply of, 343 unstriped muscle, 363 Bronchial system, 342 Brunner's glands, 93 Buffy coat, 200 Bulb (see medulla). Bulbar nerves, 682 Burdach's column, 621 Butter, 43 Buttermilk, 43 Butyric fermentation, 128 CACHEXIA strumipriva, 404 Caecum, 94 Caffeine, 45 Caissons and effect of compressed air, 394 Caisson paralysis, 394 Calamus scriptorius, 627 Calcium carbonate, 458 oxalate, 458 phosphate, 458 Calorie, 500 Calorimeter, 514 Calyces of kidney, 435 Camera obscura, 793 Canal, alimentary, 47 external auditory, 750 function, 750 Petit's, 788 Schlemm's, 775 semi-circular of ear, 768 Stilling's, 788 Cannon's experiments on stomach, 73 Capacity of chest, vital, 354 Capillaries, 280 anatomy of, 280 bile, 111 blood-pressure in, 309 capacity, 280 circulation in, 281 histology, 280 passage of corpuscles through walls, 294 rate of blood in, 296 size, 280 Capillary circulation, 292 blood-pressure, 309 swiftness, 296 Capsule of Bowman, 436 of Glisson, 109 876 INDEX. Capsule of Tenon, 789 Carbamid, 443 Carbohydrates, 27, 38 absorption of, 145 heat value of, 500 in metabolism, 479 Carboluria, 454 Carbon equilibrium, 493 estimation of, 493 Carbon monoxide, 393 Carbon monoxide haemoglobin, 192 Carbonic acid, 392 in blood, 200 in urine, 455 Cardiac glands, 70 impulse, 236 mucous membrane, 76 pathology, 332 revolution, 234 sphincter in vomiting, 87 sympathetic, 711 Cardinal points of Gauss, 792 Cardiograms, 238 Cardiographs, 236 Sanderson's, 236 Cartilages of larynx, 564 Caseanic acid, 108 Casein (see milk), 42 Caseinogen, 42 Catabolic processes, 468 Cataract, 782 Cathions, 136 Cauda equina, 608 Caudate nucleus, 651 Cell-division, 17 direct, 19 endogenous nuclear multiplication 22 indirect, 20 Cells, 1, 7 achromatin, 12 afferent, 605 animal and vegetable, differences, 5 blood (see blood-corpuscles). ciliated, 15 constituents, 7 definition, 7 Deiters's, 693 efferent, 605 fatigue of, 23 gustatory, 739 Langerhans's, 100 nerve, 596 Nissl granules, 599 nuclear sap, 12 nucleolus, 13 nucleus, 12 Olfactory, 744 oxyntic, 71 parietal, 71 Purkinje's, 689 selective power of, 136 tactile, 728 theory of, 5 vegetable, 6 wall, 8 Cellulifugal fibers, 605 Cellulipetal fibers, 605 Cement, 54 Center of smell, 698 Central nucleus, 636 Centrosome, 13, 21 definition, 13 division of, 14 number, 14 size, 14 staining of, 14 Cereals, 44 Cerebellum, 684 accessory nucleus dentatus, 686 afferent impulses, 692 Cerebellum, arbor vitae, 686 center of coordination, 692 corpus dentatum, 686 cortex, structure of, 687 efferent impulses, 692 experiments on, 691 function of, 692 general description, 685 internal structure, 687 nuclei of, 686 median lobe, 685 peduncles, 693 Purkinje cells, 687 section of, 693 spinal cord connections, 688 surface form, 685 valley of, 685 Cerebral convolutions, structure of, 64$ Cerebral cortex, 649 ablation, 704 action of brain-extracts on, 706 motor centers, 697 sensory centers, 698 Cerebral detrusor center, 466 Cerebral hemispheres, experimental phys- iology of, 704 effect of destruction, 704 irritability of cortex, 706 Cerebral peduncles, 636 crusta, 637 locus niger, 637 tegmentum, 638 texture, 637 Cerebrins, 607 Cerebrospinal fluid, 709 action of drugs on, 710 composition, 709 differences from plasma, 709 origin, 709 Cerebrum (see brain). Cerumen, 750 Chambers of eye, 788 Champagne, 45 Charcot's artery of haemorrhage, 659 Cheirokinesthetic center, 573 Chemical composition of the body, 25 Chemiotaxis, 16 Chest in respiration, 349 voice, 565 Cheyne-Stokes respiration, 378 Chlorides in urine, 454 Chlorophyll, 191 Chlolagogues, 125 Chloroform on electrical responses 594 Cholesterin, 116 Cholin, 413 Chorda tendineae (see heart). Chorda tympani, 64 Chorion, 856 Chorium frondosum, 856 Choroid coat of eye, 776 Chromatic aberration, 794 Chromatic nuclear substance, 12 Chromatolysis, 599 Chromogen, 413 Chromosomes, 21 Chyle, 159 coagulation of, 159 composition, 159 corpuscles, 159 flow, 159 quantity, 163 Chyme, 87 Cilia, 15 Ciliary movement, 15 body, 779 ganglion, 831 muscles, 778 processes, 778 system, 789 INDEX. 877 Cilio-spinal center, 681 Circles of diffusion, 801 Circulation, 229 action of heart, 231 capillary, 292 comparative, 219 course of, 229 duration, 317 early discoveries, 281 in blood-vessels, 278 brain, 319 frog's foot, 294 lower animals, 219 portal system, 110, 229 pulmonary system, 229 renal system, 439 systemic system, 229 venous system, 318 influence of asphyxia, 374 pathological conditions of, 342 of blood, 231 rapidity, 312 Circulatory system, 229 Circumvallate papillae, 738 Clarke's column, 615 Claudius's cells, 757 Claustrum, 653 Clava, 627 Climacteric, 859 Coagulation of blood, 201 conditions affecting, 205 factors of, 203 of milk, 42 process of, tabulated, 203 rapidity, 201 theories of, 202 why it does not in vessels, 207 Coagulases, 62 Cocoa, 45 Cochlea, 754 Cochlear nerve, 757 Coffee, 45 Coffeon, 45 Cohesion of nerves, 607 Cohnheim's areas, 533 Cold-blooded animals, 509 Cold spots, 733 Colloids, 142 Colon, 94 Colon bacillus, 128 Color-vision, 805 blindness, 807 phenomena of perception, 806 sensations, 806 Colcstrum, 41 corpuscles, 43 Comma-tract, 621 Commissures of cord, 622 Complemental air, 355 Complementary colors, 807 Compounds, 25 inorganic, 25, 26 organic, 25, 26 Compressed air of caisson, 394 Cones, 734 Conjugate deviation, 756 Conjugated sulphates, 454 Conjunctiva, 773 Conklin's discoveries, 868 Connective-tissue spaces, 154 Contractility of muscle, 539 Contraction of pupil, 781 Convolutions of brain, 645 Cord, spinal (see spinal cord). Corium, 727 Cornea, 773 Coronary arteries, 246 Corona radiata, 654 Corpora quadragemina, 654 Corpora striata, 650 Corpus callosum, 642 Corpus dentatum, 686 Corpus luteum, 860 of menstruation, 860 of pregnancy, 860 spongiosum, 857 Corpus striatum, 650 Corpuscles (see names of). Corti arches, 756 canal, 756 membrane, 757 organ of, 756 Cortical epilepsy, 700 Cortico-pontal-cerebellar tract, 6.17 Coughing, 378 Cranial ganglia, 650 Cranial nerves, 820 decussations, 820 origin, 822 spinal nerves, comparison with, 821 Creatinin, 450 Cremasteric reflex, 680 Crespl, 124 Cretinism, 404 Crico-arytenoid muscle, 567 Cricoid cartilage, 564 Crista acousticae, 627 Crossed pyramidal tract, 619 Crowbar case, 705 Cruciate centers, 521 Crusta, 637 Crusta petrosa, 54 Cryoscopy, 139 Crystalline lens, 781 Crystalloids, 142 Cuneate nucleus, 628 Cuneus, 699 Cupola, 754 Curdling ferments, 77 Currents, nerve, 593 Cutis vera, 727 Cytotoxins, 216 Cystic duct, 112 Cystine, 458 DALTONISM, 807 Darwin on evolution, 867 Descemet's membrane, 774 Decidua reflexa, 853 Decidua serotina, 853 Defecation, 131 center, 132 mechanism of, 132 Degeneration of nerves, 676 Deglutition, 58 of fluids, 59 of solids, 58 (see swallowing.) Dehydration, 468 Deiter's process, 600 nucleus, 691 Daland's haematocrit, 176 Demarcation current, 591 Demodex folliculorum, 734 Dendrons, 600 Depressor nerve, 266 Dermis, 725 Descending tubule of Henle, 437 Development and growth, 866 Devries's mutation theory, 868 Dextrins, 29 achroodextrin, 29 erythrodextrin, 29 Dextrose in urine, 460 Diabetes, 552, 122 adrenalin, 122 413 experimental, 122 inhalation, 123 irritation of vagus and depressor, 124 pancreatic, 107 I 878 INDEX. Diabetes, phloridzin, 119 section of cord, 123 Diabetic puncture, 123 D'Jelitzin's artificial respiration, 377 Diamino acids, 32, 475 Diapedesis, 182 Diaphragm in respiration, 348 Diaster, 22 Diastase, 29 Diastole of heart, 234 Dibasic acids, 107 Dicrotic wave, 291 Diet, 498 Chittenden's experiments, 502 energy table, Hall, 502 Atwater, 493 Diffusion, 137 digestion, 46 changes in the mouth, 64 divisions of, 48 gastric, 79 intestinal, 125 in large intestines, 128 mechanism of, 128 Dioptrics, 793 Diphtheria toxin (immunity), 213 Diplopia, 805 Direct cell-division, 19 Direct cerebellar tract, 619 Direct pyramidal tract, 617 Discus proligerus, 847 Double vision, 810 Doyere's eminence, 536 Dropsy, 144 Drug pigments in urine. 454 Dubois-Reymond coil, 582 Ductless glands (see names of). Ductus arteriosus, 865 Ductus cochlearis, 755 Ductus communis choledochus, 112 Duodenum, 89 Duplication, 468 Dura mater, 609 Dynamometer, 558 EAR, 749 anatomy, 749 bones, 752 description, 752 external, 750 function, 750 internal, 753 function, 766 middle, 751 transmission by air of, 761 transmission in, 761 Ectoderm, 5, 11 Eck's fistula, 445 Efferent fibers of sympathetic, 714 Eggs, 39 Ehrlich's theory of immunity, 214 Ejaculation, 857 Elastin, 38 Elasticity, 556 Electrodes, non-polarizable, 579 Electrolytes, 135 Electrometer, 589 Electromotivity, 587 Electrophysiology, 575 Dubois-Reymond coil, 583 electrical phenomena of contracting muscle, 589 negative variation of nerve-currents, 593 nerve-muscle preparation, 587 physiological rheoscope, 588 Electrotonic variations, 670 Electrotonus, 666 Loeb's theory of, 668 phenomena, 1 Elements, 5 in body, 25 Embryology, 845 Emetics, 88 Emmentia teres, 639 Emmetropic eye, 796 Emulsification, 30 Enamel, 54 End-bulbs, 729 Endocardiac pressure, 239 Endocardium, 225 Endogenous nuclear multiplication, 22 Endolymph, 765 Endomysium, 529 Endoneurium, 604 Energy, 506 kinetic, 434 potential, 507 Enterokinase, 126 Entoderm, 844 Enuresis, 680 Enzymes, 62 classification of, 62 hydrolytic action of, ez Eosinophiles, 180 Epiblast, 855 Epidermis, 725 Epigastric reflex, 679 Epiglottis, 565 Epineurium, 603 Epimysium, 529 Erection, 857 Ergograph, 559 Erepsin, 125 Erythroblasts, 172 Erythrodextrin, 29 Esophoria, 811 Ether on electrical responses, 594 Eustachian tube, 762 Evolution, 867 Exercise, effect on temperature, 511 Exophoria, 811 Expiration, 350 center, 364 complex, 350 effect on blood-movement, 360 movements of, 344 muscles of, 345 simple, 345 External auditory meatus, 749 capsule, 653 Eye, 772 accommodation for distance, 796 after-images, 809 blood-vessels, 775 coats, 772 coordinated movements, 809 general description, 772 imperfections and corrections, 797 lymphatics, 790 measurements. 791 movements, 812 muscles, 812 nerves, 780 phosphenes, 785 structure, 772 FACIAL, nerve, 834 Bell's palsy, 835 chorda tympani,' 834 distribution, 835 function, 835 origin, 834 pathology, 835 physiology, 835 Faeces, 129 amount, 129 color, 130 composition, 129 variations, 129 INDEX. 879 Falsetto voice, 571 Fasciculi, 529 Fasting, 495 Fatigue of cells, 23 Fats, 29, 43 absorption, 147 composition, 29, 30 heat value, 500 human fat, 30 in metabolism, 481 olein, 30 origin, 30, 481 palmatin, 29, 30 stearin, 30 Fauces, 50 Fechner's law, 725 Fehling's test, 460 Female pronucleus, 849 Fenestra ovale, 752 rotundrum, 752 Ferments (see blood, milk, digestive juices), 61 definition of, 62 Fermentation, 128 acetic, 128 alcoholic, 128 butyric, 128 lactic, 42, 128 oxalic, 128 tests for sugar, 460 Fertilization, 849 Fever, 524 metabolism in, 504. Fibers, muscular, 530 length of, 530 Fibrin, 199 Fibrin ferment, 199, 202 Fibrinogen, 37, 198, 202 Fifth cranial nerve (see trigeminus). Filiform papillae, 737 Fillets, 640 Filtration secretion, 398 theory of lymph, 161 Filum terminale, 608 Fistula, grstric, 81 Flechsig's association areas, 701, 703 frontal, 703 parieto-occipito frontal, 703 insular, 703 Flour, wheat as a food, 44 Foetal circulation, 865 Foods, 43, 44 accessory, 44 caloric value, 500 chemical constituents, 24 daily amount, 39 definition, 24, 488 vegetable, 43 Formatio reticularis, 629 Fourth cranial nerve (see trochlear). Fourth ventricle, 633, 633 boundaries, 633 floor, 633 Fovea centralis, 786 Fovea hemielliptica, 754 Fovea hemispherica, 754 Fovea posterior, 639 • Freezing point, 139 Function, 4 Fungiform papilla?, 737 Funiculus cuneatus, 628 gracilis, 628 teres, 639 GALL-BLADDER, 112 Galvanometer, 588 Ganglia of heart, 251 Gases of intestines, 129 Gastraea theory of Haeckel, 868 Gastric digestion, 82 Gastric juice, 74 action of, 82, 84 action of bacteria, 86 chemical analysis, 75 composition of, 75 excitants of flow, 74, 80 effects of bitters, 82 fat-splitting ferment, 84 fistula for, 75 flow of, 78 function, 84 • methods of securing, 81 mixed, 84 pepsin of, 83 reaction of, 75 secretion of, 75 specific gravity, 75 theory of non-digestion of stomach, 86 varies in composition and rate of se- cretion, 78, 79 Gastrula, 851 Gay-Lussac-Van't Hoff law, 139 Gelatin, 38 Geniculate bodies, 650 Genito-spinal center, 680 urinary apparatus, 465 Germinal cells, 841 epithelium, 843 Germplasm, 841 Genu, 654 Giantism, 420 Glands (see names of). Glands of intestines, 93 Glass-blower's pulse, 392 Glisson's capsule, 110 Globulins, 36, 37 Glomerules of kidney, 437 Glossokinesthetic center, 573 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 68, 835 distribution, 834 function, 834 origin, 834 pathology, 834 physiology, 834 Glottis, 568 Glucose, 28 secretion, 123, 684 Glycocholic acid, 115 Glycogen, 120, 121, 122 Glycosamin, 108 Glycosuria, 122 Gmelin's test for bile, 116 Golgi stain, 601 Goll's column, 631 Gower's column, 619 Graafian follicle, 860 Gram calorie, 513 Gram molecule solution, 140 Grandry corpuscles, 729 Gray matter (see cerebellum, etc.). Great longitudinal fissure, 642 Great transverse fissure, 642 Growth and development, 866 Guaiac test for blood, 211 Gullet (see o?sophagus). Giinsberg's test for hydrochloric acid, 87 Gustometer, Sternberg's, 740 Gyrus, fornicatus, 647 hippocampus, 648 HABENULA, 650 Haemacytometers, 174 Thoma-Zeiss, 175 Haemaglobinuria, 453 Haemianopsia, 819 Haematachometer, 314 Haematoblasts, 183 Haematocrit, 177 Daland's. 177 Haematoidin, 191 I 880 INDEX. Hsematoporphyrin, 191 Haamatin, 190 Hasmin, 191 chemical properties of, 191 crystals, 190 tests for, 191 Haemochromogen, 194 spectrum, 194 Haemoglobin, 188 amount, 194 characteristics, 188 composition, 188 crystallization, 187 estimation of percentage, 195 reduced, 190 variations in amount, 190, 194 Haemolysins, 178 physiological analogy, 178 Haemometer, 195 Dare's, 197 Von Fleischl's, 195 Haemorrhage, 208 effects of, 208 quantity of blood in, 208 Hair, 7S4 chemical composition, 735 function, 735 general description, 735 Hale's blood-pressure experiments, 299 Hay's test for bile, 115 Hearing, 749 anatomy of organ of, 749 auditory nerve, 757 binaural audition, 767 Eustachian tube, 762 general description, 749, 750 organ of Corti, 756 semi-circular canals, 768 sense of, 725 theory of, 766 Heart, 221 accelerator center, 269 action of vagus on, 261 areas of audibility, 245 arteries, 247 auricles, 228 causes of sounds, 244 changes in shape and position, 233 chordae tendineae, 225 course of blood in, 229 diphasic variation of, 593 effects of drugs on, 271 endocardium, 225 foramen ovale, 222 foramina Thebesii, 222 frequency, 248 ganglia of, 251 H's's muscular bundle, 255 histology of, 226 innervation of, 251 lymphatics of, 222 minimal stimuli, 272 moderator center, 261 movements of, 231 to clinicians, 231 persistence of, 241 muscles of, 221 musculi pectinati, 222 myocardium, 224 nerves of, 260 nutrition of, 247 papillary muscle, 224 position of valves, 245 refractory period of, 273 revolution of, 234 rhythm of, 252 sinus of Valsalva, 225 size and shape of, 221 sounds of, 242, 243, 244 stair-case contraction, 273 Heart, Stannius's experiments, 272 stimuli, 272 structure of, 225 sympathetic fibers to 269 valves of, 225 mitral, 225 position, 245 semilunar, 225 tricuspid, 224 ventricles of, 229 work of, 249 Heat (see temperature), animal, 506 estimation of, 513 latent, 507 other sources, 508 radiant, 507 theory of, 507 Heat-spots, 733 Heat value of food, 500 Heat unit, 513 calorie, 513 calorimeter, 514 Height, relation to lung capacity, 354 Helicotrema, 755 Heller's nitric acid test, 459 Hematoporphyrin, 191 Hemianopsia, 818 Heidenhain's lymphagogues, 162 theory of secretion, 162 Hensen's cells, 757 Hensen's disk, 532 Heredity, 867 Hering's theory of color, 807 Hiatus, 755 Hibernation, 510 Hiccough, 378 Hippuric acid, 449 formation of, 449 where secreted, 449 His's muscular bundle of heart, 255 Histology, 3 Histones, 38 Hoarseness, 572 Hormone, 80, 101 Horopter, 803 Hunger, 132 Hyaloplasm, 9, 596 Hydraemia, 211 Hydrochloric acid, 75 ion theory of, 77 stimuli for secretion, 77 test for (Giinsberg), 87 Hydroxamino acids, 108 Hypermetropia, 796 Hyperosmia, 747 Hyperphoria, 811 Hyperpyrexia, cause of death, 527 Hypoblast. 881 Inheritance, 867 Inoculation (see immunity). Inorganic salts of faeces, 130 Inosite, 543 Insalivation, 58, 63 Inspiration, 346 expansion of chest in, 348 extraordinary, 349 movements of, 348 movements of blood in, 358 muscles of, 348 Inspiratory center, 365, 682 Intensity of sound, 563 Intermedio-lateral column, 615 Intermittent afflux apparatus, '<. Internal capsule, 654 Interpedunculear space, 637 Interstitial slits, 154 Intestinal digestion, 126 Intestine, 89, 93 blood-supply, 92, 93 coats, 90, 94 digestion in, 126 gases, 129 glands, 93 large, 93, 94 length, 89 movements of, 94 nerve-supply of, 95 small, 89 structure, 90 Intracellular ferments, 28 Intraocular pressure, 790 Intrapleural pressure, 359 Intrathoracie pressure, 358 Inunction, 164 Inverted images, 803 Invertin, 28 lodothyrin, 406 Ions, 135 necessary for solution, 136 system of naming, 136 Iris, 779 ciliary processes, 777 nerves, 780 pigment, 780 reflex, 684, 780 reflex movement of, 780 uses, 780 Iron, 27 Irradiation, 808 Irritability of muscle, 539 of nerve, 732 Ischuria, 442 Islets of Langerhans, 99, 106 Isotonic solution, 140, 178, 275 JACOBSON'S nerve, 836 Jaundice, 125 Jecorin, 117 Jejunum, 89 Juices (see names of). KARYOKINESIS, 20 stages of, 22. time of, 22 Keratin, 38 Kephir, 42 KJeldahl process, 443 Kidney, 431 blood-vessels of, 439 calyces of, 35 capillaries of, 440 capsule of, 433 cavity of, 434 cortex of, 436 extirpation of, 462 general description of, 433 glomerules, 437, 439 Kidney, hilus, 432 lymphatics, 430 Malpighian corpuscles of, 439 pyramids of Ferrein, 439 medulla of, 436 minute anatomy of, 436 parenchyma of, 436 position of, 431 sinus of, 433 structure of, 433 urinary tubules of, 437 Knee-jerk or patellar reflex, 679 Krause's end-bulbs, 729 membrane, 534 Kumyss, 42 Kymograph, 300 Kyrines, 37 LABYRINTH of ear, 753 Lacrymal gland, 812 Lacrymal secretion, 814 Lactalbumin, 42 Lacteals, 92, 148, 149 Lactic acid, 42, 449 Uffelman's test, 87 Lactic acid bacillus, 42 Lactic fermentation, 42, 128 Lactose, 28, 42 Lamper eel, 2 Lamina denticulatum, 610 spiralis, 734 Langerhans's cells, 99, 106 Lantanin, 12 Lanterman's incisures, 603 Large intestine, 47, 93, 94 Laryngoscope, 568 Larynx, 564 anatomy of, 564 cartilages of, 565 cavity of, 568 condition of, 568 muscles of, 566 nerves of, 568 pathology of, 572 vocal cords of, 568 Lateral chain theory of Ehrlich, 214 Lateral columns, 618 Lateritious deposits, 448 Laughing, 378 Law of Pechner, 725 Laws of sensation, 724 Lecithin, 117 Lemniscus, 640 Lens, crystalline, 781 Lenses, 798 Lenticular nucleus, 651 Leucine, 103, 107 Leucocytes, 179 eosinophiles, 180 mononuclear, 180 polymorphonuclear, 180 transitional, 180 Leukocytosis, 180 Levulose, 28 Lieberkiihn's glands, 93 Life period, 1 Ligamentum dentic^'atum, 610 Light, 771 perception of, 792 theory of, 771 transmission of, 771 Lime salts in metabolism, 487 Linin, 12 Lipase, 62 reversible action of, 62, 105 Liquor sanguinis, 166 Lissauer's tract, 621 Liver, 109 antitoxic function of, 120 blood-supply of, 110 882 INDEX. Liver, daily secretion, 113 diastase of, 122 extirpation of, 120 function of, 112 gall-bladder, 112 internal secretion of, 120 reaction of, 113 specific gravity of, 113 structure of, 111 Locus cceruleus, 639 Locus niger, 637, 694 Ludwig's theory of lymph, 161 strohmur, 313 Lungs, 340 air-pressure in, 359 air sacs, 342 blood-supply, 343 color, 341 coverings, 344 diffusion of gases within, 382 lobes, 340 lymphatics, 344 medico-legal test, 341 nerves, 344 roots, 340 structure, 342 vital capacity, 355 Luxus consumption, 474 Lymph, 157 coagulation, 157 composition, 158 flow of, 159 formation of, 161 quantity of, 163 relation to nervous system, ICO theories of secretion, 161 Lymphagogues, 162 Lymphatic glands, 156 Lymphatic system, 154 Lymphatic trunk, etc., 152 Lymphatic vessels, 151, 156 capillaries, 153 coats of, 153 development of, 154 distribution of, 152 origin of, 154 structure of. 152 valves of, 153 Lymphocytes, 171, 180 large non-nuclear, 180 small non-nuclear, 180 MACULA, 785 Macula lutea, 785 Magnesium salts in metabolism, 487 Malpighian corpuscles, 3 of kidney, 439 of spleen, 410 Malleus, 753 Maltase, 62 Maltose, 28, 29 Maly's theory of gastric secretion, 77 Male pronucleus, 849 Mammary glands, 420 arteries of, 422 during pregnancy, 861 general description, 421 lymphatics, 422 nerves, 422 results of dried, 422, 861 structure of, 421 Manometer, 299 Marey's intermittent afflux apparatus, tympanum, 352 Mastication, 57 Mast cells, 180 Mastoid cells, 752 Matter, 1 living, 1 Maturation of ovum, 847 Matzoou, 42 Meat, 39 Meconium, 130 Medico-legal tests for blood, 211 Medulla oblongata, 623 ala cincerea, 628 anterior pyramids, 625 arcuate fibers, 632 auditory striae, 627 bulbar nerves, 682 calamus scriptorius, 622 centers of, 682 clava, 627 double conduction, 681 external form, 624 fillets, 640 formatio reticularis, 629 fourth ventricle, 638 funiculus cuneatus, 628 gracilis, 628 general description, 624 internal structure, 629 lateral columns, 631 nucleus lateralis, 629 olives, 625 parts added, 632 posterior columns, 631 raphe of Stilling, 629 restiform body, 625, 627 trigonum hypoglossi, 628 weight, 624 white columns, 630 white substance, 630 Meissner's plexus, 95 Melanin, 727, 805 Membrana basilaris, 755, 766 granulosa, 847 tympani, 760 Membranes of cord and brain, 609 Membranes, mucous (see names of). Membranous labyrinth, 755 Memory center, 703 Menopause, 859 Mesoblast, 855 Mesoderm, 855 Mesoporphyrin, 191 Metabolism, 467, 474 anabolic processes, 467 balance of, 489 catabolic, 467 effect of starvation on, 495 effect of work on, 472 equilibrium, 490 general explanation. 467 of carbohydrates, 479 fats, 481 proteids, 477 salts, 485 tabulated exchange, 493 Meta-proteins, 35 Metazoa, 844 Methaemoglobin, 192 Mett proteid method, 77 Metric system, 870, 871 Micro-organisms of faeces, 130 Microscopic test for blood, 211 Microspectroscope, 193 Sorby Browning's, 193 Micturition, 466 Midcerebellar peduncles, 634, 693 Middle ear, 751 Milk, 41 clotting of, 42 colostrum of, 43, 424 cow's, 41 fats of, 43 fermentation of, 42 functional variations of, 43, 424 matzoon, 42 microscopically, 41 INDEX. 883 Milk, proteids of, 42 quantitative, 41 quantity secreted, 43 reaction, 41 salts of, 43 secretion of, 43, 423 specific gravity, 41 theory of Ottolenghi, 424 woman's, 43 Milk-curdling ferments, 42 globules, 41 sugar, 42 teeth, 50 Mitosis, 20 stages of, 22 Modiolus, 754 Mol. solution, 142 Molars, 51 Molecular theory of nerve currents, 594 Molecules, 5 Monamino acids, 32, 107 Mononuclear leucocytes, 180 Monosaccharides, 28 Morphology, 2 Morula, 849 Motion, 1 Motor area, extirpation of, 700 Motor areas, 697 impulses transmitted, 662 speech-center, 573 tract, 655 writing center, 573 Motor oculi nerve, 823 distribution, 823 diplopia, 825 drugs, action upon, 825 function of, 823 origin of, 823 pathology of, 825 Motor spray, 537 Mouth, 47, 48 Movement in a circle, 693 of protoplasm, 15 Mucin, 36 Mucous membranes (see names of). Miiller's law, 722 Murexid test, 449 Muscarine, 271 action on heart, 271 on respiration, 364 Muscle-curve, 547 effect of stimuli upon, 549 summations of stimuli, 552, 553 tetanus, 554 Muscles, 528 appearances under polarized light, 535 as perfect machines, 558 blood-vessels of, 536 carbohydrates of, 542 cardiac, 538 changes in contraction, 550 chemical excitants, 47 chemistry of, 542 Cohnheim's areas, 533 contraction period} 547 constituents of, 542 contractility of, 539 curve, 547 elasticity of, 556 electrical phenomena of, 590 extractives. 543 fatigue, 549 ferments, 543 fibers, 534 general description, 529 Hensen's disc, 532 influence of blood upon, 539 involuntary, 538 latent period, 547 longitudinal striations, 532 Muscles, nerve-supply, 536 nerve-stimuli, 541 chemical, 541 electrical, 541 mechanical, 541 thermal, 541 nuclei of, 538 proteids of, 542 rate of contraction of, 550 reaction of, 542 relation to tendons, 536 relaxation period, 548 resting and acting, 550 rigor mortis, 544 sarcous elements of, 532 serum, 543 sounds of, 555 striated, 528 structure, 530 tension of, 556 tetanus of, 554 theories of currents, 591 tonus, 555 unstriped, 538 urea in, 542 varieties of, 528 voluntary, 528 voluntary contractions of, 555 •wave, 550 wing muscles of insects, 533 work of, 557 Muscular labor and urea excretion, 546 Muscular sense, 723 center of, 702 Mutation theory, 869 Myelin, 602 Myogram, 547 Myograph, pendulum, 545 Myopia, 796 Myobaematin, 542 Myosin, 542 Myosinogen, 542 Myxcedema, 404 NAILS, 735 function, 736 general description, 735 Narcotics, 709 Near point of eye, 796 Neosin, 40 Neovitalists, school of, 161 Nerve, comparison with muscle, 659 effects of anaemia upon, 674 electricity upon, 666 temperature upon, 660 electrotonus, 666 electrical potential of, 593 current theories of, 594 excitability of, 659 excitability and conductivity, 663 excitants, 663 chemical, 663 electrical, 668 mechanical, 663 influence of blood upon, 674 irritability of, 660 Kiihne's experiment, 662 Pflueger's contraction laws, 666 regeneration, 604 roots of, 622 stable equilibrium of, 660 table of degenerations, 622 ascending, 622 descending, 622 Nerve-cell, 596 classification of, 605 dendrons of, 600 dimensions of, 601 fibrils, 600 neurite, 600 884 INDEX. Nerve-cell, Nissl's granules, 599 nucleolus of, 599 nucleus of, 599 prolongations of, 600 Btaining, 601 structure, 596 Nerve-centers, 607 common points of, 608 Nerve-fibers, 603 centrifugal, 677 centripetal, 677 chemical properties of, 606 fatigue of, 560, 661 mechanical properties of, 607 medullated, 603 myelin, 602 neurilemma, 603 nodes of Ranvier, 603 non-medullated, 603 reaction of, 607 terminations of, 604 Nerve metabolism, 607 Nerve-muscle preparation, 587 Nerve-tissue, 606 composition, 606 gray, 605 reaction of, 607 structure of, 607 trunks, 603 white, 606 Nerve-wave, transmission of, 661 swiftness of, 663 Nerves of deglutition, 60 heart, 251, 260 intestines, 95 larynx, 568 Jacobson, 836 respiration, 364 salivary glands, 56 sweat glands, 429 taste, 738 tongue, 738 vasomotor system, 320 Nervous system, 596 anatomy of, 596 chemistry of, 606 extra-cardiac, 251 lecithin, 606, 607 metabolism of, 607 neuroglia, 614 Neurilemma, 603 Neurites, 600 Neuroglia, 614 Neurokeratin, 606 Neutral fats, 29 Neutrophiles, 180 Ninsen's globules, 424 Nissl bodies, 599 Nitrogen eliminated, 493 equilibrium, 490 estimation. 493 in blood, 385 in respiration, 382 Nodal points of eye, 792 Nodes of Ranvier, 603 Nonsexual reproduction, 842 Nose (see smell). Novain, 40 Nuclear membrane, 13 sap, 12 spindle, 21 substance, 12 Nuclei of cerebellum, 686 Nuclei pontis, 635 Nuclein, 13 Nucleolus, 12 Nucleoproteids, 36 Nucleus, 7, 11, 13 composition, 13 form, 12 Nucleus, number, 12 relative importance of, 11 size, 12 structure, 12 Nucleus, Deiters's, 759, 770 emboliformis, 686 fastigii, 686 globosus, 686 lateralis, 629 Nutrition, 1 of heart, 274 Nuttall's guinea-pig foetus, 128 Nystagmus, 825 OBESITY, 505 Banting's method, 505 Oertel's method, 505 Oblitin, 40 Oculomotor, 823 diplopia, 825 effect of drugs on, 825 function of, 823, 824 pathology of, 825 Odors, 746 (Esophagus, 47, 57 anatomy, 57 length, 57 nerves, 57 CEstrus, 860 Olein, 30 Olfactory bulb, 745 cells, 745 mucous membrane, 743 nerve, 744 organ, 744 sensations, 745 Olives, 625, 636 Oncometer, 332, 462 Open pores, 155 Ophthalmoscope, 814 Opsonins, 218 Optic angle (eye), 803 axis, 802 commissure of Gudden, 791 nerve, 786 thalamus, 650, 695 Organ of Corti, 756 taste, 737 voice, 564 Organic compounds in body, 25 Organs, 4 Origin of species, 866 of life, 869 Orthophoria, 765 Osmosis, 135 Osmotic pressure, 137 determination of, 138 of lymph, 140 proteids, 142 physiological application, 142 Osseous labyrinth, 754 Ossicles, 753, 763 Otic ganglia, 713 Otitis media, 751 Ovary, 847 internal secretion, 860 Ovists, 843 Ovum, 847 Oxalic acid, 449 fermentation, 128 Oxidation, 388 seat of, 383 Oxybutyric acid, 124 Oxygen in blood, 385 Oxyhsemoglobin, 189 Oxyntic glands, 71 P ACINI AN corpuscles, 729 Pain, 731 Palate, 49 INDEX. 885 Palmatin, 43 Pancreas, 98 blood-supply of, 99 composition of, 102 daily amount, 102 effects of removal, 105 injection of extract, 108 methods of obtaining the juice, 102 nerve-supply of, 99 reaction of, 102 removal of, 105 secretion of, 99, 100, 101 adaptation of, 101 excitants of, 101 secretory nerves of, 101 specific gravity, 102 structure of, 98 Pancreatic juice, 102 composition of, 102 ferments, 103 quantity, 102 reaction, 102 specific gravity of, 102 Papain, 104 Papillae of tongue, 50, 738 Paracerebellar nuclei, 692 Paraglobulin, 37 Paranuclein, 13 Parasympathetic, 712 Parietal cells, 76 Parieto-occipital fissure, 643 Parathyroid gland, 408 Parotid gland, 55 Parthenogenesis, 842 Pathetic nerve, 825 distribution, 825 function, 826 origin, 826 pathology, 826 Pawlow's stomach, 81 Peduncles of cerebellum, 693 Pelvis of kidney, 434 Pendular movements, 94 Pendulum myograph, 545 Pepsin, 74, 75 Pepsinogen, 76 Peptic digestion, 84 Peptone, 37, 103 Peptonuria, 458 Perception time, 710 Pericardium, 227 Perilymph, 765 Perimeter, 815 Peristalsis, 94 influence of drugs on, 97 of intestines, 94 pendular movement, 95 Perivascular space of His, 154 Permanent teeth (see teeth). Perspiration, 428 acidity of, 428 constituents, 428 effect of drugs upon, 429 function of, 430 insensible, 426 nerve-centers, 430 nerves of, 429 pathological, 430 relation to lung excretion, 430 role of, 430 sensible, 426 suppression by cold, 430 Petit, canal of, 788 Petrosal nerves, 834 great, 834 small, 834 Pettenkofer's test for bile, 115 Peyer's patches, 93 Pfeiffer's phenomenon, 216 Pfltiger's contraction laws, 066 Phagocytes, 16, 182 Pharynx, 56 openings, 56 anatomy, 56, 57 Phenol, 130 Phenomena of life, 1 Phenylhydrazin test for sugar, 461 Phloridzin, 123 diabetes, 123 Phosphenes, 809 Phosphoric acid, 454 sediments, 458 Phrenic nerve, 348 Phylloporphyrin, 191 Phylogenesis, 868 Physical heat, 506 Physiology, 2 Pilomotor nerves, 717 Pia mater, 609 Picrocarmin spectrum, 194 Pitch, 570 Pituitary body, 418 extirpation of, 420 extracts of, 419 lobes of, 418 position, 418 size, 418 structure, 418 Placenta, 864 Plantar reflex, 678 Plasma of blood, 197 chemical properties of, 197, 198 gases of, 200, 385 inorganic constituents of, 198 method of examining, 198 organic constituents of, 197 physical properties of, 197 Plasmodium malariae, 172 Plasmon, 42 Plethysmograph, 331 Plethora, 210 Pleura, 344 Plexus (see names of). Pneumogastric nerve (see vagus), 261, 837 branches of, 837 function of, 838 influence on deglutition, 60 gastric secretion, 81 heart, 261 lungs, 366 pancreatic juice, 101 vomiting, 88 pathology of, 838 physiology of, 838 Pneumograph, 351 Poiseuille's still space, 295 Polar bodies, 847 Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, 180 Polypeptids, 32 groups, 33 Polysaccharides, 28 Pons Varolii, 632 center of epileptiform convolutions, 693 central nucleus, 636 faces, 632 general description, 632 stratum complexium, 634 profundum, 634 zonale, 635 structure, 634 trapezoid body, 634 Portal circulation, 110 Portal vein, 110 Posterior columns, 620 Posterior fovea, 639 Posterior perforated spaces, 637 Posterior root-fibers, 622 Postganglionic fibers, 711 Precipitin test for blood, 212 Precipitins, 216 886 INDEX. Respiratory undulations, 308, 368 Restiform body, 627 Rete Malpighii, 727 Reticulated nucleus, 635 Retina, 782 blind spot, 728 duration of stimulation, 785 epithelium, 785 histological, 783 hyaloid membrane, 788 lymphatics, 790 pigmentary membrane, 785, 787 rods and cones, 782 terminal nerve elements, 784 Retinal epithelium, 785 Rheouome of Von Fleischl, 585 Rheotome, differential, 586 Rheoscope, physiological, 588 Rhodopsin or visual purple, 785, 804 Ribs, action in respiration, 346 Rigor mortis, 544 and tetanus, 554 cause of, 544 influence of fatigue, 546 influence of temperature, 544 Rolando, fissure of, 643 Rosette, 21 SACCHAROSES, 28 Saccule, 770 Saliva, 61 action on starch, 61 composition of, 63, 64 ferment of, 61 mechanical function of, 58 reaction of, 63 reflex centers, 66 specific gravity of, 63 temperature variations in, 63 time of activity, 63 Salivary glands, 55, 56, 64 action of, 63 of drugs on, 64 nerves to, 66 Pawlow's experiments, 68 reflex centers of, 68 structure of, 56 trophic and secretory fibers, 68 Salts, 27, 92 in body, 27 in metabolism, 485 in urine, 454 Santorini's cartilage, 565 Saponification, 30 Sarcolactic acid, 542 Sarcolemma, 530 Sarcomeres, 532 Sarcoplasm, 532 Sarcostyles, 532 Scala tympani, 755 Scala vestibuli, 755 Scapular reflex, 679 Schafer's artificial respiration, . 375 Schuetz's law, 77 Schemer's experiments, 802 Schmidt, segments of, 603 Schwann, white substance of, 602 Science, 2 biological, 2 physical, 2 Scleroproteins, 37 Sclerotic coat, 772 Sebaceous glands, 733 function of, 734 Secretin, 101 Secretion, 398 adrenal, 412 by filtration, 398 by glandular desquamation, 399 external, 420 Secretion, external, mammary 420 sweat, 425 urinary, 431 internal, 400 morphological, 399 pancreas, 99 pituitary body, 418 proper, 3S9 spleen, 410 thymus, 417 thyroid, 400 Sediments in urine, 458 in acid urine, 458 alkaline urine, 457 amorphous, 447 Segmentation, 849 Segmentation nucleus, 849 Semen, 856 spermatozoon, 845 Semicircular canals, 754, 768 Cyon's theory, 769 Ewald's theory, 768 reflex center of, 770 Semilunar valves (see heart-valves). Sensibility, 1 Seminiferous tubules, 845 Sensation of color, 806 Sense spots, 730 Sensory centers, 697 Sensory relay centers, 695 Sensory tract, 658 Serum albumin, 35, 200 of bacteriolytic cholera, 216 of blood, 200 globulin, 35, 200 normal, 200 Sham feeding, 80 Shock, 208 Side-chain theory, 214 Sighing, 377 Sight, 771 Sigmoid flexure, 94 Sinus of Valsalva, 225 Sixth cranial nerve, 827 Skatol, 130, 453 Skin, 725 action of liquids on, 732 action of solids on, 731 cold spots, 733 corium, 727 epidermis, 725 hot spots, 733 Krause's end bulbs, 729 layers of, 726 radiation and conduction, 524 reflexes, 678 rete Malpighii, 727 stratum corneum, 727 granulosum, 725 lucidum, 725 touch corpuscles of, 728 Sleep, 706 theories of, 707 Small intestine, 89 innervation of, 93, 95 Smell, sense of, 742 anosmia, 747 center of, 698 general description of, 743 hyperosmia, 747 mechanism of, 746 nerves of, 744 olfactory organ, 744 olfactory sensation, 745 proper stimulus of, 745 secondary sensations, 746 subjective sensations, 746 uses of, 747 Snoring, 378 Soap, 30 888 INDEX. Sobbing, 378 Sodium chloride, 27 in blood, 198 in urine, 454 substitutes for, 27 Solitary glands, 93 Solutions, gram molecule, 142 Somatose, 86 Sound, 5G9 height of, 569 intensity of, 570 production and modification of, 563 resonance of, 570 timbre, 570 Sound-waves, course of, 765 conduction of, 762 Sounds of heart, 242 variation in, 245 Special cell-constituents, 7 sensation, laws of, 725 senses, 722 Spectra of blood, 194 Spectroscope, 192 Spectroscopic test for blood, 194, 211 Speech, 571 aphonia, 572 center of, 573 defects of, 572 hoarseness, 572 , stammering, 572 stuttering, 572 ventriloquy, 571 Spermatogenic cells, 845 Spermatozoon, 846 structure of, 846 Sphenopalatine ganglion, 831 Spherical aberration, 794 Sphincter ani, 131 Sphygmogram, 290 Sphymograph, 290 Dudgeon's, 290 Marey's, 289 Sphygmometers, 303 Erlanger's, 304 Mosso's, 304 Riva-Rocci's, 303 Sphygmomanometers, 303 Spinal accessory, 839 distribution, 839 function, 840 origin, 839 pathology, 840 physiology, 840 Spinal cord, 608 anterior median groove, 610 anterior roots, 610, 677 antero-posterior lateral grooves, 610 blood-supply, effect of, 674 centers in, 680 central canal, 616 columns of, 617 conduction of, 675 commissures of, 622 coverings of, 609 degenerations of, 622 diameter of, 609 ependyma, 616 experiments on, 678 exterior form, 610 fibers of, 613 general description of, 610 gray commissure of, 610 gray matter of, 611 internal conformation of, 611 length of, 609 minute structure of, 613 neuroglia, 614 path of motion in, 677 path of sensation in, 677 posterior median fissure, 610 Spinal cord, posterior roots of, 622, 677 recurrent sensibility of, 676 reflex action of, 678 forms of, 673 laws of, 673 swiftness of, 673 skin reflexes in, 678 suspension of, 610 systemization of, 616 tendon reflexes in, 679 tonus of, 674 tracts, comma, 621 of lateral column, 619 of Lissauer, 621 of posterior columns, 620 trophic centers of, 608 weight of, 610 white commissure, 610 Spinal ganglion, 676 Spirem, 20 Spirits, 45 Spleen, 410 effect of injection of dried extract, 411 function of, 410 Malpighian corpuscles of, 410 nervous influences of, 411 pulp of, 410 structure of, 410 trabeculse, 410 Spongioplasm, 9, 596 Staircase contraction, 273, 549 Stammering, 572 Stannius's experiments, 253 Stapedius, 761 Stapes, 753 Starch, 27 Starling's theory of lymph, 162 Starvation, effects upon proteid, 495 description, 495 Steapsin, 105 Stearic acid, 30 Stearin, 30 Stercobilin, 131 Stereognosis, 698 Stethograph, 351 Stilling, raphe of, 624 canal of, 788 Stimulants as accessories, 44 Stimulation fatigue, 549 Stimuli, successive, 552 Stokes- Adams disease, 259. Stomach, 69 absorption from, 144 action of agents on, 82 blood-supply of, 71 coats of, 69 glands of, 70 movements of, 72 mucous membrane, 70 nervous control of, 74 Schuetz's law, 77 secretion (see gastric juice), 75 secretory nerves of, 81 structure of, 69 Stomata, free, 154 Strabismus, 810 Stratum complexium, 634 corneum, 727 granulosum, 727 lucidum, 727 profundum, 634 zonale, 635 Stromhur, Ludwig's, 313 Struggle for existence, 866 Stuttering, 572 Subarachnoidean space, 609 Subdural space, 609 Sublingual glands, 56 Submaxillary ganglion, 835 Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando, 612 INDEX. 889 Succi's fast, 497 Succus entericus, 125 daily secretion, 125 ferments of, 125, 126 function of, 125 specific gravity of, 125 Sugar in urine, 460 tests for, 461 Sugar (see dextrose). Trifacial, pathology of, 833 physiology of, 831 reflex actions of, 366, 832 trophic function of, 833 Trigonum acustici, 628 Trigonum hypoglossi, 628 Trigonum vagi, 628 Trochlear nerve, 825 Trophoblast, 853 Trophic centers, 519 Trypsin, 103, 107 Trypsinogen, 99, 103 Tryptophan, 32 Tube casts, 461 Tuber cinereum, 521 Turck's tract, 617 Tympanum, 751 mucous membrane of, 751 Tyrotoxicon, 43 UFFELMANN'S test for lactic acid, 87 Uhlenhuth's test for blood, 212, 216 Units of measurement, 513 Urates, 457 Uraemia, 463 Urea, 443, 475 crystals of, 443 decomposition of, 443 excretion of muscular labor, 444 formation of, 445 properties of, 443 quantity of, 444 Ureters, 464 Uric acid, 446, 478 daily amount of, 448 formation of, 447 increased by food, 447 murexide test for, 449 quantity of, 448 sediments, 457 tests, 449 Urinary apparatus, 463 bladder, 465 blood, nerve, lymph supply of, 433 capacity of, 433 structure of, 465 tubules, 437 Urine, 441 acidity of, 442 albumin in, 459 Heller's nitric acid test, 459 bile pigments of, 452 coloring matters of, 452 composition of, 455 drug, pigments of, 454 fermentation of, 455 inorganic constituents, 454 movements of, 464 nerves, influence of on, 463 pathological pigments, 453 quantity of, 441 reaction of, 441 secretion of, 462 sediments of, 458 oxalic acid, 457 phosphorus, 458 specific gravity of, 442 sugar in, 460 Fehling's test, 460 fermentation test for, 461 phenylhydrazin test for, 461 temperature of, 441 theory of secretion of, 461 tides, 442 toxicity of, 462. tube casts, 461 Urobilin, 452 Urochrome, 452 Uroerythrin, 452 Uterus, 861 secretion, 860 Utricle, 770 VAGINA, 861 Vagus, 261 accelerator fibers, 268 depressor fibers, 266 effect of division of accelerator fibers, 270 effect of irritation of accelerator fibers, 270 effect of section of, 261, 368 effect of sipping upon, 264 effect of stimulation of, 263 effect of swallowing liquids upon, 264 peculiarities of, 263 pneumonia, 368 relation to blood-pressure, 297, 308 Valves of heart, 225 Valvulae connivents, 90 Variation, 866 Vasa vasorum, 279 Vasoconstrictors, 321 effect of irritation of, 321 effect of section of, 321 differences from vasodilators, 326 of abdominal viscera, 324 of extremities, 324 of head, 323 of lungs, 325 Vasodilators, 325 path of, 325 recognition of, 326 theory of action of, 327 Vasomotor nerves, 321 effect of section of, 321 effect of stimulation of, 321 pathologic conditions of, 327 Vasomotor system, 320 centers of, 327 function of, 321 nerves of, 321 reflexes of, 329 Vegetable cell, 6 Vegetable foods, 43 Veins, 279 blood-pressure in, 309 coats of, 279 lymph and nerve supply, 279 portal vein, 110 rate of blood in, 314 tension in, 309 valves of, 279 vasa vasorum of, 280 Venom, 218 Venous blood, 170 Venous circulation, 318 Venous pulse, 238, 258, 310 Ventilation, 396 Ventricles of heart, 229 Ventricles of larynx, 565 Ventriloquy, 571 Vermis, 692 Vesicospinal centers, 466 Vessel innervation, advantages of, 329 Vestibular nerve, 759 Vestibular nucleus, 759 Vestibule, 755 Vestibulo-spinal tract, 620 Vibrations in ear, 766 Villi, 90, 155 epithelial cells of, 91 goblet cells of, 91 of intestines, 90 structure of, 91, 92 Vision, accommodation, 794 acuteness of, 800 after-images, 810 aqueous humor, 788 INDKX. Vision, astigmatism, 798 binocular vision, 811 center of, 799 chromatic aberration, 794 color vision, 807 complementary colors, 807 crystalline lens, 781 Daltonism, 807 dioptrics, 793 hypermetropia, 7M'i irradiation, 808 lacrymal secretion, 814 lenses, 798 lymphatics, 799 movements of eyes, 812 myopia, 800 ophthalmoscope, 814 optic nerve, 785 perception of light, 792 perimeter, 815 phosphenes, 809 presbyopia, 796 retina, 782 retinal epithelium, 785 rhodopsin, 785, 804 sensation of color, 806 Snellen's test-types, 803 spherical aberration, 794 transmission of light, 771 visual angle, 802 apparatus (see eye), structure of, 772 purple, 785 area, 815 field, 818 line, 802 Vital capacity, 355 Vitellin, 40 Vitreous humor, 788 Vocal cords, 565, 568 conditions of, 568 false, 565 true, 565 Voice and speech, 569 height of, 569 organ of, 568 range of, 570 Vomiting, 87 causes, 88, 571 mechanism of, 87, 88 nerve center, 88 Von Bezold's ganglion, 251 Vowels and consonants, 571 WALLERIAN degeneration, 676 Warm-blooded animals, 509 Water, 26 daily amount, 26 drinking, 26 in faeces, 130 in metabolism, 484 Weber's schema of circulation, 283 Wheat, 44 Whey, 42 Widal reaction, 215 White columns, 617 White corpuscles (see blood-corpuscles), 179 Wine, 42 Wing muscles of insect, 533 Wirsung's duct, 98 Word-centers, 573, 699 auditory, 573, 698 visual, 572, 698 Work, effect upon destruction of proteid, 546 Wrisberg's cartilages, 565 XANTHIN in urine, 450 Xanthoproteic test for proteids, 36 YAWN, 377 ZONULE of Zinn, 795 Zymogen, 99 Zymoids, 213. -Pi -Pi oi O: I i -Pi University of Toronto Library DO NOT REMOVE THE CARD FROM THIS POCKET Acme Library Card Pocket Under Pat. 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