None
Acrolic acid, acrolein. 229 Air and smoke, 825, 826 Asphalt, asphaltum paint, 108 Barytes, 412, 418 Bessemer paint, 145 slag, 147 Bisulphide, tetrachloride of carbon, 203. 204. 409 Cements, hydraulic, Portland, 149, 150 Clays (terra alba), kaolin, 190. 409 Coal-gas, coke-oven gas-tar, lOG-109 Copperas, 40, 41 Corroded iron, 888 Euphorbium, 255 Glycerine, 408 Graphite, 187 Gvpsum, 408. 412 Inert pigments, 189. 192, 408 Iron ores, oxides, 29, 30, 412 Lead ores, 45, 46 Linseed, linseed -oil, 216, 217, 218 Litharge, 69, 409, 412 Lucol. 417 Manganese dioxide (pyrolusite), 227, 412 Mari. 190 Mixed paints, 811-818 Mulder's brick-dust paint, 62 Ochre, 42 Oil-cake, 217 Oils, siccative, non-siccative, 217, 218, 222, 223 Olein, 250 Orange mineral, 60, 409 Petroleum, 105 Pitch, 107 421 422 GENERAL INDEX. Bed lead, 47, 408, 413 Shellac, 114, 115 Silicate of iron, 888 Blags, blast-furnace, mineral wool, tetrabasic phosphate of lime, 146, 147.409 Snow-water, smoke, 415 Sublimed lead, 84, 406, 412 Tubercles, 824, 829, 878 Turpentine-oil, dead-wood oil, 198, 195, 196 Umber, 48 Vermilion, 409, 412 White lead, 74, 75, 406, 412, 418 Zinc oxide, 89, 90, 98, 94, 409, 412 INDEX. A. Abbe's ref Tactometer tests for oils, 240 Acheson's electric graphite, 141, 144, 421 Acids, adulterants, analyses, 417 Acrolicacid, acrolein, 229, 280, 258, 418 Action of light on paint, 8-10 Air and vapor mixtures, 416 " refraction, coloring power, 8, 6, 187 " in tunnels, 825-888 Albumin and mucilage in oils, 218, 220, 222, 288, 240 Alloy corrosion, aluminum, arsenic, copper. 276, 882, 848, 844, 401-408 Anchorage metal corrosion, 816, 889, 897 Anchorage metal electrolysis, 887 Animal lampblacks, 103 •• oils, 224, 246, 250, 261 Aniline in iron oxide paint, 40 Andrews' corrosion experiments, 881 Angus Smith's anti-corrosive coatinir. 128-127 Anti-corrosive mortar, 269 Antoxide paint, 290, 297, 800 Argentine Republic, linseed, 218, 214 Asphaltum and asphalt, 108-109 paints, 104, 105, 129, 206, 284-292, 297 Atmospheric gases, acid, influences, 8, 14, 92. 93, 183, 228, 265, 266, 291-296, 8:24. 825, 897, 406, 411-418 B. Barytes, blank Use. 6. 68. 77. 80. 96, 96 140, 185, 186, 281, 282, 812, 818, 408- 418 Barytes-Beckton whites. 66, 67, 96, 96 Baked Japan coatings. 119-128. 298 Benzine, 116, 216, 814, 819, 411, 417 Berlin blue, bone lampblacks, 99. 100 Bessemer paint, 145-148. 296. 800 Bisulphide, tetrachloride of carbon, 208-207. 228, 417 Blast-furnace, Bessemer, cement slags, 147, 150 Blistering and crazing of paint, 25, 216, 819. See Peeling Boiling-point of coal tar, 124-127 " turpentine, 193 Boiling Hnseed-oil processes, 225-289 Boiled linseed coatings, 14-16, 28-26, 281-288. 296, 889 Brick water-proofing, efilorescence, 118, 164. 165 Brickdust paints, 48, 62, 53. 187. 188 Bridge anchorage and cable corrosion. 389-392. 897 Bridge anchorage and cable electroly- sis, 387 Bridge anchorage and cable painting. 816 Bridge paints and coatings, 889-892 " tests. 279-308 Brooklyn gas-, water-pipe corrosion, 392, 898 Biirn1ngoflfmill-scaleandpaint,277.27J^ BuDgholeoil, 209,210,238.234,288,246 Calcining iron ore. 80, 81, 88 Candle-tar pitch. 129-136 Carbonic acid in air, 325. 415 *' in pigments, 62, 74, 411, 418, 415, 417 Carbonized coating. 287, 291-294, 297 Carbon bisulphide, tetrachloride of carbon, 203-207, 228 Carbonates of lead, lime, zinc, 7, 46, Carbon and bone-black paint, 281 group of pigments, 98, 104- 110 » . v^ litharge, red-lead mixtures, 281 paints and varnishes, 110. Ill 284-290 ' 423 << 424 INDEX, tt Carter's, Clincby's quick process white leads, 66-69 Cast iron not exempt from electrolysis, 898 Catalysis, catalytic action in paint, 225, 267 Caustic action of lime, cement, con- crete. 18, 150, 268-270 Caustic action of roasting ore, 82-84, 40 Caustic compound, removing paint, 277, 278 Cements, Portland, etc., 149-166 coatings, 152-168 " porosity, 156, 156 neat, strengtli, 154 iron sulphide in, 151 Cellular formation of wood, 12 Ccrussite, cerussa, 60 Coal-tar, analysis, tension in boiling, 124 Coal-tar coatings, 107-109, 124-186, 388 Coal-tar paints, 286 to 291 " dipping- tank, 184 distillation, 125-127 Coal- and water-gas tars, 101-109, 123-186, 400 Colophony, 198 Concrete qualities, 154^168 *' voids in, produce corrosion, 168, 159 Cortisine, 288 Chemical action in corrosion, 858- 859, 862 Chemical action in paint, 8>55, 92, 98 Chemical composition of glycerides, oik, and fats, 10, 78, 218, 237, 240, 250, 417, 418 Chemical changes, tests, linseed and other oils. See Linseed Oil. Chemical action of soils, 161, 878, 879, 898 Chinese wood-oil, 251-260 ; lacquers, 279 Chinese-Japanese natural varnishes, 256-260 Chrome blue, green, red, yellow, 8 Chalk, carbonate of lime, 184, 282 Chalking of white lead, 74-76, 80, 816, 891 Chinese, celestial, ultramarine blues, 281, 282 Cooper's lines in corrosion. 857 Copal fossil resins. 111-118, 199, 224, 242. 808, 400, 401. 405, 407 Copperas and oxides, 7, 86. 40, 266 Co]>per, metallic salts corrosion, 89, 177, 264. 886, 844, 862, 879. 881, 895 Cleaning paints, metal, 8, 12, 18, 20, 270 277 278 Clarifying linseed-oU, 228, 284, 285, 248-245 Coloring, covering jjower, 2-6, 246 Combustion gases, effects on paint, 8, 9, 54, 175, 294, 801, 802 Commercial white lead, 67, 58, 65, 77-80 Compound paints, 8, 6. 7, 12. 80, 86, 186, 281-288, 291. 296, 299, 811, 312- 815, 819; marine use, 898, 899 Compounds, use of zinc in boilers, method to prevent corrosion, 182, 340, 848. 346-848 Compounds, Wurtz's method to pre- vent corrosion, 188, 828. 829. 839 Changes in cast iron from fresh- and sea- water exposure, 828, 824, 829, 830, 838, 860 Changes in paints, pigments, 56, 76, 92, 95, 265-2u7, 411-418 Coal, cinder, and soil corrosion, 120, 161, 162, 378, 379, 382 Concrete corrosion, 154-168, 889. 895 Corroding effect of water in boilers, 875 Cost of water-pipe coatings, 124, 126 " galvanizing, 177, 180 ** painting, 19, 20; by spray, 804- 806 " sand-blasting. 273, 274 Crocus, 26 Crystalline white lead, 72, 77, 88 Cubic feet and weight of gases, 411 Corrosion: Admiralty, Board of Trade, Lloyd's, Th wait's rules, 824, 825, 881 alloys, aluminum, arsenic, etc., 152, 401, 402, 405-407 anchors and chains, 884 anti-corrosive and anti-f ouling paints, 400-407 boiler sheets and rivets, 888, 884, 849 " metal dissolved, 848 bridge cables and anchorages, 816, 389-892. 897, 398 cannon. 885 car-wheels, cold-rolled Iron, 827, 828 cast iron, wrought iron, steel, rate, 822, 828. 880-832 cast-iron cubes, 824, 825. 881 central- station heating-pipes, 847, 348. 874. 876 chill-irons. 828, 829 cold short, hot short, and laminated irons, 827, 882 docks, piles, water-gates, 824-826 Faraday's law, 868, 888. 889, 892 <f tt tt INDEX. 425 Corrosion: by stress, 848-858 floor and sidewalk beams, 161, 268- 270, 274, 884 French torpedo-boats, 848, 846, 406 Irom electrolysis, 879-881 *< sewage, 264, 828, 880 gas- and water-pipes, 161, 261, 847 Hambuchen's rapid method. 859-860 hardened and burnt steel, 861, 868- 868 how Induced, 26-28, 156, 157, 261, 840, 848, 860-864 how prevented, 27, 184, 167, 170, 180. 269, 270, 824. 828, 829, 889, 845, 846. 879. 889. 891, 896 of metals in contact, 262, 264, 840- 842 of metals in oils, 414 Dangerous paints, 8, 110, 120, 154, 208, 204, 806 Dangers from electrolysis in suspen- sion bridges. 396, 397 Darkening of paint, 10, 40; white lead, 77, 78 Davis's silicate coating. 828. 389, 896 Dead oil in pipe coatings. 127, 128 Dead-wood turpentine, 191 Decay of paint. 8, 9, 13, 38, 35, 92, 93, 120. 121, 162, 261-270, 318 Decomposition of iron in corrosion, 156. 157 Delhi column, 170, 171. (Bower- Barff.) Designing paint. 6, 16, 817, 318 Dish test for paint, 288-285 Corrosion: mine pipes, 839 New York Elevated Railway, 261, 295-297 Peoria water stand-pipe, 152, 153, 874-878 steel grillage, anchorage metal, 154. 158-160 stray electric currents, 886-889 St. Lawrence River Bridge, 298, 842 368 Tay Bridge, 848 rag bolts, 392 tee-rails, cross-ties. 836-338. 886 tin roofs, 38, 39. 48. 44, 55. 183 tunnel-shields, metal, 157, 158, 824, 327. 335, 389 United States Navy Yard practice, I 263, 264 D. , Distillation of coal-tar oils, 124, 126. 127 Distillation of turpentine, 127-134 Drying of linseed-oil. 131, 139, 218, 220, 223, 235, 236, 238; under glass, 287 Drying of sulphuric-acid oils, 7. 280, 281 Driers, drying of paints, 7, 10, 43, 51, 139, 140 Dr. Angus Smith's anti-corrosive coat- ing, 124-127. 287. 394 Dr. Dudley's boiled-oil coating. 14 " ** paint formula, 42 ** "Wurtz's anti-corrosive process, 180, 339 Durable metal coatings, 287, 297, 800, 398 E. Effect of driers, dead oil, 95, 114, 229. 235, 303 Effect of heat on boiling, drying oil and paints. 8, 116, 227, 236, 287, 239. 246, 247, 802, 803. 308 Effect of heat and hydric-sulphide on paint, 54, 77, 80, 94, 116, 140, 186, 287-291, 298. 802, 303 Effect of sea-air, sea-water, 264. 287- 294, 824, 384, 335. 340-344. 400-407 Effect of sewage, condensation water, 264, 830 Effect of strain in corrosion, 349-352 ** *' spray painting, frost, 11, 246, 808 Efflorescence on brick walls, 163, 164 Eiffel, M.. rag-bolt, 392 Electrolytic action in paint, 81, 35, 86, 120, 149, 155, 318, 362 Electrolytic paints, 146, 373 white lead, 10, 71-73 Electrolysis, 371-399; action, 863; de- fined, 370 Electrolysis in buildings, 371; bridges, cables. 373, 387-893 Electrolysis, coatings, 378, 389-391, 396. 899 Electrolysis in concrete conduits, 395 Faraday's law, 863, 392; rate of, 893 Elcctrolvsis in gas-pipes. 384; water- pipe8,*87». 383, 396 Electrolysis. Hambuchen's rapid ac- tion, 359-369 Electrolysis in street tee-rails, 386-388 " in telephone cables, 381, 385, 888 Electrolysis, resistance of pipe joints, 396 426 INDEX, Electrolysis, Washington Naval Ob- servatory. 373 £lectro-chemicaI action for preventing corrosion, 180-182, 828, 839, 340, 843 Eleetro-cbemical action of metals in contact, 260, 264, 340--342 Elcctro-cbemical alloys, 401-407 •* •* elements, 181 Berzelius', 420 Electric currents, divided, stray, 880, 886, 899 Electric currents, jump and shunt of, 872,888 Electric voltages in corrosion, 873, 877, 379, 880, 386-888, 894, 896 Electric-furnace graphite, 142-144 Electro - zincing processes, solutions, 174. 176, 179. 180 Electro-motive force in zinc batteries, 855 Electro-motive force in corrosion, 854 ** " ** metal under strain, 852, 858 Enamel paints, 116, 121, 180, 318-321 Engineers' indifference to cleaning metal 20-26, 275, 276 Euphorbium, anti-corrosive coatings, 254-256, 391 Essential elements in a good paint, 1, 20-22, 117 F. Fading of paint, 10, 40 Failure of cement coatings, 152, 154 157, 389, 390, 392, 896 Failure of paint coatings, 12, 20, 54-5. 297, 310-812, 816 Failure of water-pipe coatings, 182 Fatty turpentine, 199 '• acids, oils, solvents, 10, 78. 218, 220. 237, 288, 240, 250, 417, 418 Feldspar, 188; refractive power. 3 Ferredor paint (English), 290, 314; see also Crosley's, Armor-scale, Landers and Torbay's, 814, 815 Ferric-paint test, 279-803 Fibrin, animal and vegetable, 418 Flake graphite, 19. 136-188; see Graphite Floor-beam corrosion, 277, 278 tt Flax plant, linseed, analysis, etc., 211- 221 Formulae for caustic compounds, 277, 278 Formulae for enamels. 819, 820 " non-corrosive cement, 268 << paints, 42, 295, 896 ♦* Japan driers, 208-210 Fossil-resins, 111-118, 199, 224, 242, 808 *• synthetical, 118 *' varnishes, marine paint, 818-320. 321. 400-407 French white lead, zinc oxide, 66, 91 •' ochre, 42. 312 Fugitive colors, 6, 265, 266 Fulton's flake whites, 66-69 Furnace slags, slag cement, mineral- wood slag. 146, 147, 151 G. Galvanizing, hot and cold processes, 172-174. 180 Galvanized iron paints peel, 11, 174, 204 *• *• cost, 177; corrosion, 174. 175. 178 Galvanized iron, durability. 175, 181- 188 Galvanized iron, porosity, 178 ; protec- tion, 175. 176 Galvanized iron, hardness, thickness, 176. 178, 179 Galvanized iron wires, loss of strength. 178-180 Galvanized iron, painting with bisul- phide of carbon, 207 Galvanic action in cements, 154 " " " different metals in contact, 830, 340, 841, 344 Galvanic action in metal, oxide, pig- ments, 186. 245, 863 Gasolene torch, burning off paint with, 277, 278 Gas-tank, coal-tar coating, 188, 165 Gas coal-tar water-pipe coatings, 287- 291, 896 Gas- and water-pipe corrosion, elec* trolysis. 175. 876-886. 892, 398 Gas-holder, spray-painting, 304 Gilsonite, 105 Glass, refractive power, 3 " drying oil under, 289 Glycerine, glycerine ether, 86, 218, 220. 287. 288. 250. 417, 418 Graphite, analysis, 187 ; importation. 17 Gypsum. 6, 40. 188. 192, 269, 408. 413 Graphite, Acheson's electric, 142-144 INDEX, 427 Graphite paint, 19, 62, 136-144. 281, 285. 291-294, 297, 406. 408 Graphite paint tests, 140-142 Graphite, electro-negative character, 146 Graphitic iron in corrosion, 829, 388 Graphite,8low driers, 297; yarietie8,186 H. Hambuchcn's rapid corrosion, 369-369 Heat influence on paint. 116, 227, 286, 237. 289. 246, 247, 302, 303, 308 Hematite ores and pigments, 30-35 Hydrate of lead, hydrated carbonates, 4. 5. 46. 61, 66. 71, 74, 75 Hydraulic cement, analysis of, 149, 150 •* coating, water-pipes, 153, 396 Hydraulic cracking, setting, strength, 150-154 Hydraulic Portland and slag cements, 150, 151, 157. 290 Hydraulic protecting metal, 153, 154, 157-160, 164, 165. 395 Hydraulic cement porosity, 155-157,396 I 261,354 Hydraulic cement, eflfect of sulphur, iron sulphide in. 166. 157, 164, 171 Hydraulic cement, Norton's experi- ments, 158, 159 Hydraulic cement, marine coatings, 152 rendering, 153, 162- 165 Hydraulic cement, waterproofing, 162 *• •* use for steel grill- age, 153. 154, 168-160 Hydraulic cement, use in tunnels, 159, 160 Hydric-sulphide effect on paint. 64, 80, 140, 186, 287-291 Hydrogen evolved in corrosion, 28, 89. Immersion test for paints, 279-284 Inert pigments, 35, 184-192, 286, 408, 409 Indian red, Venetian red. 35, 37, 40, 41 Influences that affect paints, 20-26, 275, 276, 300-308. 411. 417, 418 Insulating paints, 146, 373 Inspectors and engineers, cleaning of metal, 20-26. 275 276 Iodine and sapooiflcation numbers for oils, 243 Iron column at Delhi, 170, 171 Iron, changes by corrosion, 28, 324, 326, 329, 330, 334, 8;>7. 338, 342, 392 Iron, ores, oxides, analyses, qualities. 26-40 Iron-oxide pigments, condensed moist- ure gases, 35 Iron-oxide pigments, durability, 6, 38 " ** mixing defects. 37 Iron porosity in bars, ingots, tyres, 334 " oxide pigments. 30-38, 138, 2»1, 282, 284. 291-293, 313-815, 406, 409, 410, 412, 419 Japan driers, formulae. 201-208 • * bung- hole d riers, 209,210, 234. 238, 246 Japan driers, baked coatings, 119-122 Japanese and Chinese natural var- nishes, 256-260 Japanese and Chinese lacquers, 279 K. Kaolin (terra alba), 190 Kauri, fossil-resin coatings, 112, 113, 401-404 Kerosene, mineral oils, 105 Knudson, A. A., electrolysis of street lee- rails, 386, 387 Kirk wood, James E., coating cast-iron water-pipes, 123 L. Labor cost in paint, 19, 21, 22 Lacquers. 113, 256-260, 279 Lampblacks 5, 16, 18, 49, 50, 98-102 acids in, 98. 100 Lampblacks, bleaching, 102; combus- tion by, 101; durabilitv, 102. 155, 161 Lampblack mixtures, 49, 60, 281, 408. 419 428 INDEX. Lampblacks, slow driers, 50, 100, 102 Lead ores, analysis, 45, 46 ; amount corroded, 69 Lead carbonate, chlorate, 45, 47, 60, 61 66, 67, 74, 75, 232 Lead, hydrate and protoxide, 40, 60, 66, 71, 74, 75 Lead pigments, 48, 74, 75, 408, 412 adulterants, 57, 58, 65, 77-80 Lead, electrolytic white. 70, 72, 73 •• "Old Dutch Process" white, 61-75 Lead, pulp white, 68 " sublimed white, 83-88 " soap, 10, 49, 74, 75, 78, 86, 235, 237, 238. 264, 266 Lead sulphide and sulphate, 36, 46, 66, 94. 95 Light refracting of pigments, 3, 4, 5 Linoleic, linolenic, and isolinoleic acids, 219, 220, 226, 237, 418 Linoleate of lead. 234. 239 Linoleum, 94, 230, 233 Linseed, analysis of, 216, 217 ; seed and sources of supply, 211, 218, 215 Linseed extraction processes. 220 ; in- spection, 219 ; yield of oil, 218 Linseed fatty acids, 220 in paint pastes, 418, 419 " tests, 240-247 ; transparency. 54 Linseed, unripe seed, 222, 223, 235. 289, 242. 314 Linseed, sulphur effects on, 228 Linseed-oil, 18; analysis, 220 adulterations, 219, 240, 242, 248, 814 Linseed-oil, boiling data, 127-129. 220- 246 Linseed-oil, bung-hole boiled, 209, 210, 233, 234, 246 Linseed-oil, coloring power, 8 driers. 225-286 drying, 131, 189, 218-223. 235-239 Litharge analysis, 59 ; driers and qualities. 17, 47-49, 226. 232. 408 Lithogen silicate paint test. 291-2^3 Lithopone, 94, 95 186. 283, 409 Lucol, 249-251, 297, 417 M. Maize, grain oils, 79. 228 Manganese driers, 41, 43, 206, 226, 227, 232, 234, 238 Manganese dioxide, analysis, 227; pamt, 281 Maltha paints, failure. 110. 297 Marine alloys and paints. 96, 400-407 Marl analysis, 190 Mastic resin varnishes, 117, 391 Masonry waterproofing. 164. 165 Meuhaaen, fish, and marine animal oils. 224. 242, 243. 251 Metallic salt corrosion. 89, 152. 177. 286 263. 264, 386. 343, 344, 362. 379, 381, 395 Metallic salt base of pigments. 410, 420 Merrimac River pollution, 328 •• Chain Bridge paint, 102 Mineral wool. 147 wax. 109 ** rubber paint, 289, 297 pipe dips, 129, 180 Mineral -oil effects tests for, 47, 57, 241, 245. 303, 314 Mineral-pitch oils, 104 Mill-scale corrosion. 24, 154, 264, 271- 278. 296. 361 Mixed paints. 93. 810-821 Muriatic -acid pickling, 224 Mulder's brick-dust paints, 52, 68, 188 N. Natural varnishes, 256-260 New York elevated railway paint and corrosion. 262, 295-298 Niagara Falls suspension bridge cor- rosion, 160, 389 Nickel- coating, 177; alloy corrosicn, 406 Non-corrosive mortar, 269, 270 water-pipe enamel, 289 (I O. Objection to water-tests of paints, 279 Oil and corrosion of metals, 414 ** fatty acids, and solvents, 220-224, 417. 4l8 Oil in paint pastes. 418, 419 Oil coatings, 14, 15, 24, 281-288 at the mill, 23-25 skin experiments, 289, 244, 300-803 sulphur in, 245 14 tt H tt tt tt INDEX. 429 Oleic acid and ether, 220, 418 Olein paint oil, 250, 251, 417 Oxides of lead and zinc, 6, 17, 46, 74, 8d— 97 175 Oxides of iron. 6, 7, 10, 17, 26, 28, 80- 87, 188, 157, 160, 281-284, 291-294, 813-815, 884, 406, 409 Oxidizing of paint, 7, 10 Oxyehloride of lead, 67 Oxygen in pigments, 411, 412 Orange mineral, 17, 59; Paris red, 60 Organic matter in paints, 10 P. (t Paints, adulterations, analyses, 7, 40, 421 Paints, atmospheric gases, acids, light, action on, 8-10. Hce A, B, Index Paints, characteristics. 410 changes in. 8, 10, 55, 92, 98, 265-268. 412, 418 Paints, coal-tar, 287-291 coloring and covering power, 2-5. 186, 187 Paints, dangerous, 8, 110. 120, 154, 208, 204, 806 Paints, destruction of, 8, 9, 18, 264 decay of, 116. See D, Index effect of heat, frost, sea-air, sea water, strain, spray- painting, etc. See E. Index Paints, failures, fading, fugitive colors, fossil resins, rain, wind, 9, 14, 40 Paints, formulae, 42, 295, 896 " graphite, galvanizing. See G, Index Paints, hydraulic cement. See H, In- dex Paints, inert pigments. Sec I, Index labor cost, 19, 21, 22, 124, 185, 818, 814 Paints, mixed, 98, 810-321 Mulder's brick-dust, 52, 53, 183 Maltha failures, 110, 297 mineral-oil effects, tests for, 47, 59, 77, 241, 245, 803, 814 Paints, mixtures, 8, 7, 18, 49, 52, 54, 55, 80, 93, 95. 96, 187, 188, 206, 319 Paints, peeling, crazing, livering, 11- 14, 25, 44, 88, 92, 152, 174, 176, 216, 227, 246, 308, 319 Paints, removal, burning, caustic com- pounds, 277, 278 Paints, statistics, 7, 17, 814 *« (I «< Paints, thickness of coating, 19, 85, 878 Paint-tests, 16, 50, 65, 57, 68, 77, 81- 83, 96, 279-303 Paint tests, United States Navy Yard, 55, 96. See T, Index Paint-tests, marine, 400-407 " by water, 279-281, 284 Painting by contractors, 811, 318 at the mill, 23-25 with boiled oil, 14, 15, 24, 281-283 Painting cement coatings, brick walls, 164, 165 Painting galvanized iron, 11, 174, 175 old sign boards, 102 by spray, 87, 304-309, 316 Paraffin, 109, 418 Pickling, cleaning metal, 25, 275, 276 Pigments, inert, 35, 184-192. 408, 409 Pipe-dips, 129-135; dipping-tank, 134, 135 Pitch, candle-tar, 129-186 Pitting in boilers and water stand- pipes, 268. 333, 346, 360 Polarization of turpentine, 194 Poppy-seed and porgy oils, 80, 222-224, 240. 417 Porosity of iron and steel, 173, 382, 334 Porosity of cement, concrete, paint, 155, 156, 173, 176, 396 Portland cement, 150-158 Printers' varnish, 227 Proportion of oil in paint pastes, 8, 7, 15. 37. 52. 54. 58, 418. 419 Putty, 186, 186. 238 Pyrolusite analysis, 227; paint, 281 Pyroligneoua acid, 195-197 Quick-process white lead or whites, 66-79 R. Railway-car cleaning, painting, 277, 278. 806 Rape-seed, Russian seed oils, 215, 216, 225, 245 Red lead. 19. 22, 46, 56, 60; adultera* tions. 48, 57, 58 Red-lead changes, 64, 68, 188, 808, 412 430 INDEX. Red-lead driers, drying. 51, 52, 282 " failures of, coating, 54-5G, 297 Red-lead mixtures, 54, 58, 281; lamp- black, zinc oxide, 49-56. 286, 299. 312, 816 Red lead, Mulder's brick-dust, 53 '* proportion in paint, 58, 419 • * * ' ready-mixed , standard ,55, 57 Red-lead setting, 48, 49, 56, 57, 102, 812 Red-lead tests, 57, 281, 283, 291, 299, 300. See T, Index Red lead, Paris red, orange mineral, 60 Refraction of light in pigments, 8-6» 10 Ui'fractometer, Abbe's, 240 Resin, resin-oils, 199, 224, 242, 808, 819, 320 Roasting ores, pigments, 82-84, 40 Roofing pitch and paint, 107, 129, 289, 290 Ruberine paints, pipe-dips, 130, 297 Rust produces rust, 28, 157, 261, 892 •* . mill-scale corrosion, removal. 24, 154. 264, 271-278, 296, 861 Rust, removal by burning, pickling, steaming, 275-278 Rust, pipe- joints burst, 2t>l S. Sand-blast apparatus, 271, 272 cleaning, 8. 13, 22, 270-278, 296, 808, 816; costs, 278-276 Sea- air, sea- water corrosion, 58. Bee £, Index Sea-air, galvanizing, 824-826; marine paints, 400-407 Sewage, condensation water in boiler corrosion, 264, 328. 880. 848 Setting of red lead, 48, 49, 50, 102 Shellac, 114. 115, 209 Silica floated, blanc fixe. See Barytes, Index Silica graphite paints, 188-140 *' sand. 8, 191, 192 Silicate coatings prevent corrosion, 828, 839 Slags, slag sand, slag cements, 150 Slag paint, 290; blast- furnace slag, 147 Snow-water, smoke, corrosive elements in, 415 Soaps, lead and zinc, 10, 49, 74, 75, 78, 86. 235. 237. 288. 264. 266 Soapstone, 139, 191. 192 Solvents, oils, and fatty acids, 117, 417, 418 Spanish-brown, 48. 44 Specific gravities, 3, 87, 49. 59, 88, 113, 139. 143, 188, 190, 191. 193, 203. 206, 218, 220, 221, 224, 237, 250, 253, 824, 326, 408-411. 416-418 Spennrath's experiments, 300-808 Spirits of turpentine. 116. 122. 193-202 Spray-painting, cost, danger, durabil- ity, effect of cold, porosity, 87. 304- 809, 816 Stand-pipe corrosion, 152. 158» 874-878 Storage of linseed-oil, 255 Stray electrical currents, 886-888, 897 Steam, removing and testing paint, 277 Steel, effects of pickling, 275-277 Strain in metal corrosion, 9, 848-858 Sublimed lead, 88-87, 817, 412 Suspension-bridge cable corrosion, 160 electrolysis, 887,896, 897 Suspension-bridge failures, 390, 891 '' paint coatings, 889, 880, 891 Substitutes for linsecd-oil, 248-260 Sulphur compounds, 86, 87, 202 ** ** in cement, con- crete, 157 Sulphur compounds in cinders, 161, 162, 269, 834 Sulphur compounds in oils. 245 Sulphuric-acid oils, 2, 28, 280, 281, 244, 245 Sulphuric acid in cement, concrete, 151, 156. 157, 164, 171 Sulphuric acid in cinders, 161, 162, 269, 834 Sulphuric acid in locomotive exhaust, ^ases, tunnels. 336, 337 Sulphuric-acid effects on oils and paints, 7. 31. 83, 50, 58. 77. 113, 206, 244, 264. 265, 266 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 9, 62, 140. 148, 186. 829 Sulphate and sulphide of lead. iron. zinc, 46. 62. 66, 94, 95. 276. 409.412,418 Sulphate of lime. 3, 36, 52, 154. 186, 189 T. Talc, soapstone refraction. 8 Tables and data, 408-421 Tay Bridge disaster, 842 Terra alba, 190 INDEX. 431 Tee-rail, cross-tie corrosion, 886-888, 886 Temperature and hydric sulphide ef- fects on paint, 54, 77, 80, 94, 140, 186, 287-291, 298, 802. 308 Ternc , tin-plate, and tin-roof corrosion, 28, 88, 89, 42, 44, 55. 175, 176, 188 Tetrachloride of carbon, drier, solv- ent. 206, 207, 417 Tests for linseed- and resin-oils, 142, 144, 199. 224, 240-247, 319, 320 Test for paints, 10, 16, 280-286, 291. 294, 801, 802 Tests for white lead, 77, 81-88 red lead. 55-58, 299, 800 zinc oxide. 96 turpentine, 196-198 <• «< « t tt (< Thermo-clectro and chemical actions in paints, 31, 35, 36, 120, 149, 155, 318, 362 Thickness and porosity of paint, 19, 85, 873 Tile and brick-dust paint, 48, C2. 53, 187, 188 Toch's water-proof paint. 163, 165 Torpedo-boat corrosion, 343, 846, 406 Tunnel metal-shield corrosion, 157, 158. 324, 327, 335, 389 Turpentine, analysis, adulteration, qualities, 51, 193-201 Turpentine, dead-wood. 195 Douglas fir, 199, 202 fatty, 199 (I U. United States Astronomical Observa- tory, effect of stray electrical currents, 378 United States Navy Yard paint tests, 96, 286, 400-407 United States steamship, electrolysis in, 398. 399 Umber. 43 Ure, Dr., analysis of linseed-oil, 216, 217 V. Vapors, atmospheric, weight. 411, 416 ** " acids and gases, influence of. See A, Index Varnishes, qualities. 111-113, 402, 407 " commercial brands, 116 '* natural, non-corrosive, 256- 260 Vegetable oils, number of, 221-223 Ventilation in ships, 162 ; tunnels, 887 Vermilion, vermilionctte, 8, 60 Viaduct corrosion, painting, 262, 263, 296-300 Voltages in corrosion, 372, 377, 379, 380, 386-388, 394, 396 Volume, weight, specific gravities, 408- 420. See 8, Index W. Wandering electricity, 886-889 Water and air mixtures. 416 ** corrosibility in boilers, 875 ** corrosive elements in snow and smoke, 415 Water, effects on paint, 6, 8, 14. See E, Index Water- gas and coal-gas tars. 105-109, 123-135. 400. See (J, Index Water- and gas-pipe coatings, 128-136, 161. 261, 266, 347, 879, 380. 881 Water and gas-pipe corrosion, 182, 161, 261, 847 Water- and gas-pipe electrolysis, 879, 383-885, 392, 393, 396 Water- and gas-pipe testing, 128, 124, 132. 138 Water in linseed-oil, 58, 128, 218, 222, 24.5-247, 285, 818 Water tests for paint, 279-281, 284 Water-proofing and paint, 15, 168-165 Weight, list and volume of gases, fats, fatty acids, and solvents, 220-^24, 417, 418 Whiting, covering power, refraction, 3, 185 White- lead ores. 45, 46; analysis, 74, 75 adulterants, 57, 58, 65, 77- 80 White- lead carbonate, hydrate, 64, 66, 70, 71 White lead, ** Old Dutch Process," 61- 66, 69, 76, 83 White lead, electrolytic, 70-73; sub- limed, 83-88. 317 White-lead tests, 77, 81-88 qualities of a good, 74-78 in marine paint, 96, 289 << X 432 INDEX, White- lead, zinc oxide, and barytes mixtures, 7, 77, 80, Oa, 06, 812, 816 Wooden-structure paints, 6-8, 84, 86, 80, 81, 96, 246 Y. Yellow pine, area available for turpen- tine, 198 Yellow pine distUlation, 195 Yellow pine, painting, 80, 81, 96, 246 '• paint size, 80, 81 Yellowing of oil and white lead, 7, 10, 40 Z. t< << (( 2^nzibar, fossil resins, 111-118 Zinc, metallic 89; consumption, 91 ores, calamite, 89; zincite, 91 alloy in galvanizing, 177 carbonate, 89; sulphide and sul- phate, 77, 92, 9.S, 95, 96, 409, 412 Zinc, electro-chemical and galvanic action in, 98, 174-183; E. M. F. in batteries, 853, 355 Zinc, galvanizing, 172-188 ' ' oxide, history, 91 ; French brands, 91,92 Zinc-oxide adulterants, 92-96 changes in, 77, 79, 80, 93, 413 Zinc-oxide pigments, 77, 78, 80-07 Zinc-oxide marine paints, 96, 286, 405- 407 Zinc oxide and white lead, 58, 80, 81, 92-96, 312, 816 Zinc-oxide tests, 96, 97, 405, 407 Zinc, use in steam-boilers, 128, 839-846 •' *' to prevent corrosion, 173-181, 844-848 Zinc-salt paint driers 282 " sheets and roofing durability, 28, 181-183 Zinc soaps. See L and 8, Index " whites and lithopone, 94, 95, 186, 2r>2. 409 Zincing solutions, 176 ADVERTISEMENTS. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGE Berry Brothers, Limited 2 Detroit Graphite Mfg. Co i Eagle White Lead Company 8 International Acheson Graphite Company 7 Lowe Brothers Company, The 9 Michigan Paint Company 4 Picher Lead Company 6 RiNALD Brothers 3 TocH Brothers 5 Superior Graphite Paint THIS is the well-known L. S. G. brand. Its basis is a natural ore, the peculiar ingredients of which best adapt it to the making of a durable paint. It does not crack or peel, is unaffected by heat, moisture, sulphur fumes, acids, alkalies, drippings, etc. It should always be specified as shop and field coats for the structural steel of buildings and bridges. It is unequalled on corrugated iron, steel cars, tanks, pipes, roofs, refrigerator plants, elevators, storage bins, etc. Among the many structures upon which SUPERIOR GRAPHITE PAINT has been recently used are the Flat- iron and Macy buildings of New York, the Government Printing Office and Stoneleigh Court, Washington, D. C., and the plant of the Niagara Falls Power Co. We have an Interesting booklet which should be on the desk of every engineer, architect and master painter. S!^'* DETROIT GRAPHITE MFG. CO. eSr" *"*" DETROIT. MICH. ^ ^" We would like to hear from consumers of Japan Driers who want the best goods procurable. An experience of nearly 50 years in Varnish and Japan making has taught us many things that only time can impart. ** Practice makes perfect " is one of the truest of the old saws. We offer reliable Japan Driers of all grades and of uniform quality. BERRY BROTHERS, Limited NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE CHICAGO CINCINNATI SAN FRANCISCO ST. LOUIS Factory and Main Office, DETROIT. Manufacturers of every grade of Varnish and Japan for every use known* 2 SSessemer iPa/ni (REQISTERBD TRADE-MARK) Has been in acttsal use on bridges and iron and steel budd- ings for over ten years and still retains its elasticity and protecting qualities^ where Graphite, Red Lead, etc«, have failed Our pamphlet, ^^Data on Bessemer Paint,^^ is yours for the asking* iPorceiain Snamei iPaint "THE ONLY ASEPTIC ENAMEL MADE." A Liquid Porcelain made in white and colors, which dries of its own accord into a smooth porcelain surface* Endorsed and used by the leading hospitals and numerous house owners, hotel proprietors, etc*, in kitchen, bathrooms, etc* Send for our pamphlet, ^^AH About Porcelain Enamel Paint^^ Concentrated Saivamc ^Primer Prevents peeling and blistering of paint applied to galvanized iron* Uechnecal iPa/nts Are our specialty* We do not make **A Line of Paints,^ like other manufacturers, but only ^^ Special Paints for Special Purposes*** tW If you have any difficult problems to solve in the paint line we shall be glad to place our experience at your command RINALD BROTHERS JJ42-n4^ N. HANGOCK ST., PHILADELPHIA 3 ft "MADE IN FLINT Our PaJnt protects metOLl •••••• We protect the user with guarantee MIGHI6AN 6RAPHITE PAINT MIXED and Pulverized at L'Anse, Baraga County, Michigan, on ttie stiores of Lulce Superior. GROUND ttirougli stone paint-milla at Flint, Genesee County, Michigan. THINNED with absolutely pure linseed oil. SOLD either as paste or ready for application. PRtCE lowest consistent with care of manufacture and the use of absolutely pure oil (oil quality is as important as the pigment used). Liquid, per gallon, $1.05 Paste, '* pound, .08 SPECtPICATiONS.—To insure use of this paint specifica- tions should read, in addition to firm name, "Made in Fiint." Barrels found on Jobs not so stenciled do not contain our goods. MICUieAN PAINT COMPANY aNCORPORATED) FLINT. MICHIGAN We make a specialty of grinding and preparing paints on special formulas furnished by engineers or other customers. WB WANT BUSINESS. 4 R.I.W. Damp Resisting Paint FOR. INSIDE AND KoNKERiT Coating (tradk mark rco.) FOR OUTSIDE ON WALLS (Damp Proof) IRON WORK (Rust Proof) LIMESTONE (Stain Proof) INSULATION (Elec. and Cold Storage) OF YOUR. BUILDING The Modern Paint for Modern Buildings TOCH BROTHERS PAINT MAKERS SINCE 1S48 £^Q • r% , 470 & 472 West Brootdwoty NEW YORK 5 Perpet\ial Protection for Iron e.nd Steel PICKER'S NATURAL BLUE LEAD (steei coior) is a chemically stable product. It protects the oil— imparts to it permanent life. PICKER'S NATURAL BLUE LEAD can be ground in paste form and kept indefinitely without hardening. Pound for pound it will coyer 20% more surface than any other lead pigment, and with boiled linseed oil it makes an indestructible paint for iron arid steel surfaces. It can be obtained from the manufacturers direct or from any reputable paint grinder — in dry, paste or liquid form. A BOOKLET OF DETAILED INFORMATION FOR THE ASKING RICHER LEAD COMPANY EASTERN SALES OFFICEi WESTERN SALES OFFICE: 100 WILLIAM STREET TACOMA BUILDING NEW YORK CHICAGO Works: JOPLIN, MO. 6 flCftESON GRAPHITE Fellow Reauers; We have but one suggestion to add to the pages of this book — Determine a Standard for Graphite Paints. There is to-day absolutely no standard. The so-called graphite pigments contain anywhere from 20% to 80% of impurities and adulter- ants of a heterogeneous character. Sometimes they contain no graphite. In consequence many engineers are imposed upon, and there are many failures of such protective coatings. We are naturally interested in this matter, as Acheson Graphite Paint Pigment fully meets all the conditions which have ever been found of value in graphite pigments. It Is manufactured in the Electric Furnace and contains all the merit, with none of the disadvantages, of the natural graphites. We guarantee the Purity, Uniformity, and Inert Quality of Acheson Graphite. Write us for samples for test, prices, or any further in- formation desired. INTERNATIONAL ACHESON GRAPHITE COMPANY NIAGARA FALLS, N. V., U. S. A. I NDEPENDENT OF ALL COMBINATIONS "^^/TY 15,000 £AGLi: WHITE LEAD COMPANY 1008 to 1030 Broetdway CincinneLti. O. Corroders by the ^^Old Dutch Process" PURE WHITE LEAD, DRY AND IN OIL R.ED LEAD, LITHARGE, AND ORANGE MINERAL OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES: NEW YORK CITY 54 MAIDEN LANE AUSTIN REMSEN, Manager. PHILADELPHIA 14a N, FOURTH STREET T. E. BANNAN, Manager. BALTIMORE 447 NORTH STREET QEO. O. 5HIYER5, Manager. BUFFALO 16 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE A. S. QOLTZ, Manager. PITTSBURG, PITTSBURG PAINT SUPPLY CO., Agents. CLEVELAND, A. T. OSBORN CO., Agents. CHICAGO 135-137 NORTH PEORIA STREET E. B. BENNETT, Manager. ST. LOUIS, 706 N. ELEVENTH STREET F. L. POWERS, Manager. KANSAS CITY ioia-14 WALNUT STREET W. R. MCDONALD, Agent. NEW ORLEANS 308-310 GRAVIER STREET JNO. R. TODD Sl BRO., Agents. 8 LOWE BROTHERS PREPARED LINSEED OIL PAINTS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF STEEL IN BUILDINGS, BRIDGES, RAILWAY EQUIPMENT AND GENERAL MANUFACTURING fHE ACKNOWLEDGED "HIGH STANDARD" Among these produdi are Includedi RED LEAD METAL PRESEKVA- TIVE (two colon). BLACK METAL COATING No. 1407. GRAPHITE PAINTS. CARBON PAINTS (fburcolon). OXIDE OF IRON PAINTS (three colon). All are Linseed Oil PainU with selected pig- ments only. They are made from legitimate ma- terials and based upon the theory that the solids are coefficient with the liquids in producing the best results, and that their quality is as depend- ent upon their physical as upon their chemical structure. The principles upon which they are made and used are fully discussed In "Hints on Painting Structural Steel", "Suf^estlons for Specifications** etc. Sent on application. THE LOWE BROTHERS COM PANT DAYTON. O, NEW YOIIK CHI C-\ G O KAN8A8 CITV. 