None
742 1 744 |> 746 i 748 | 750 752 754 1 756 1 758 760 0° 1.0243:1.021511.0188,1.0160^1.0133 1.0107 1.00801 1.00531 1.0026 1.0000 2° 1.0318 1 . 0290 1 . 0262 1 . 0235 1 . 0207 1.0180 1.0153 1.0127 1.0100 1.0073 4° 1 . 0393 1.0365 1.0337 1.03101.0282 1.0255 1.0227 1.0200 1.0173 1.0147 6° 1 . 0468 1.0439 1.0411 1.0384 1.0356 1.0329 1.0301 1.0274:1.0247 1.0220 8° 1 . 0543 1.0514 1.0486 1.0458 1.0430 1.0403 1.0375 1.0348 1.0320 1.0293 10° 1.0618 1.0589 1.056ljl.0533 1.0505 1.0477 1.0449 1.0421 1.0393 1.0366 12° 1.0693 1.0664 1.0635 1.0607 1.0579 1.0551 1.0523 1.0495 1.0467 1 . 0440 14° 1.0768 1.0739 1.0710 1.0681,1.0653 1.0625 1.0597 1.0568 1.0540 1.0513 16° 1.0843 1.0814 1.0785 1.0756 1.0728 1.0699 1.0670 1.0642 1.0614 1.0586 18° 1.0918 1 . 0889 1.0859 1.0830 1.0801 1.0773 1.0744 1.0716 1.0687 1.0659 20° 1 . 0993 1 . 0964 1.0934 1.0905 1.0876 1.0847 1.0818 1.0790 1.0762 1.0733 22° 1 . 1068 1 . 1038 1 . 1009 1 . 0979 1 . 0950 1.092l'l.0892 1.0863 1.0834 1.0806 24° 1.1143 1.1113 1.1083 1.1054'l.l024 1.0995 1.0966 1.0937 1.0908 1.0879 26° 1.1218 1.1188 1.1158 1.1128 1.1098 1. 1069T. 1040 1. 1010 1.0981 1.0952 28° 1.1293 1.1263 1.1232 1.1202 1.1173 1.1143' 1.1113 1.1084 1.1055 1.1026 30° 1.1368 1.1338 1.1307 1.1277 1.1247 1.1217 1.1187 1.1158 1.1129 1.1099 32° 1.1443 1.1412 1.1382 1.1351 1.1321 1.1291 1.1261 1.1231 1.1201 1.1172 34° 1.1518 1.1487 1.1456 1.1426 1.1395 1.1365 1.1335 1.1305 1.1275 1.1245 36° 1.1593 1.1562 1.1531 1 . 1500 1.1470 1.1440^1.1410 1.1379 1.1349 1.1319 38° 1.1668 1.1637 1.1606 1 . 1575 1.1544 1.15]3'l.l483 1.1452 1.1422 1.1392 40° 1 . 1743, 1 . 171 1 1 . 1680, 1 . 1649)1 . 1618 1 . 1587 1 . 15.56 1.1526 1.1495 1 . 1465 334 METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS TABLE 14.— USE OF THE COMMON INDICATORS Substance titrated Methyl orange Phenolphthalein Other indicators Acetic acid. Useless Good Citric acid. Useless Good. Oxalic acid Useless Good Litmus is good. Phosphoric acid Good. Changes at NaH2P04. End at Na2HP04, but indistinct. Cochineal is good with change at Na2HP04. HCI.HNOs.HiSOi . .. Good Good. Ammonia Good Useless Cochineal and methyl red are good. NajCOcKiCOa Good. Changes at 2NaCl and 2KC1. End at NaHCOs not sharp. but Cochineal is good. Bicarbonates Good Useless Cochineal is good. Sulf urous acid Good. Changes at NaHSOs. NaOH.KOH, Ba(OH)2,Ca(OH)2. Good I Good. Borates. Good. Not affected Useless Lacmoid is good. by H3BO3. I I Alkali metal silicates Good. Not affected by H4Si04. Cyanides. Good. Amines Good Methyl red is good. Pyridine Methyl red is good. MoOj.WOa Good. Changes at Na2Mo04, etc. Is in general a good Is in general a good in- indicator for strong dicator for strong acids acids and strong and strong bases and bases and weak weak acids, but is use- bases, but is useless less for weak bases. for weak acids. COj must be absent at Color is red in acid the end. Color is red and yellow in alka- in alkaline and color- lies. Must be used less in acid solutions. cold. Standard solutions used for titrating are assumed to be UCl and NaOU. TABLES 335 TABLE 15.— MEASURES AND WEIGHTS Measures of Capacity A. Dnj Measure 1 bushel =2150.42 cubic inche-s. 1 bushel = the volume of 77.627 pounds of distilled water at 4° C. Legal: 1 liter =0.908 quart. 1 bushel ==4 pecks =8 gallons =32 quarts =35.24229 liters. 1 peck =2 gallons = 8 quarts = 8.81057 liters. 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 4.40528 liters. 1 quart = 1.10132 liters. B. Liquid Measure 1 U. S. gallon =231 cubic inches. 1 gallon = the volume of 8.3388822 pounds = 58378 troy grains of distilled water at 4° C. (Stillman, Engineering Chemistry.) 1 gallon =58318 grains of water at 62° F. (U. S. Phar.) 1 gallon =58334.9+ grains of pure water at 60° F., weighed in air at 60° F., at barometric pressure of 30 inches of mercury. (Mason, Examination of Water.) Legal: 1 liter =1.0567 quart =0.26417 gallon. 1 gallon =4 quarts =8 pints =32 gills =3.78544 liters. 1 quart =2 pints = 8 gills =0.94636 liter. 1 pint = 4 gills =0.47318 liter. 1 giU =0.118295 liter. 1 cubic foot =7.48 gallons =28.315 liters = 62.42 pounds of water at 60° F. (StiUman.) 1 cubic foot of water at 62° F. =62.355 pounds avoirdupois =28320 grams. 1 cubic inch of water at 62° F. =0.0361 pounds avoirdupois = 16.387 grams. (Watts' Dictionary, V, 1010.) Linear Measure 1 yard =0.91440 meter. 1 foot =0.30480 meter. 1 inch =0.0254 meter. 39.37 inches = 1 meter. Weights 1 grain troy =0.0648004 gram. 1 pound troy = 0.822857 pounds avoirdupois. 1 pound avoirdupois =7000 grains troy = 1.215279 pounds troy. Troy Weight 1 pound =12 oz. =240 pwts. =5760 grains =373.2418 grams. 1 oz. = 20 pwts. = 480 grains = 31.1035 grams. 1 pwt. = 24 grains = 1.5552 grams. 1 grain = 0.0648 grams. 1 gram = 15.432 troy grains. 336 METALLURGICAL ANALYSIS Avoirdupois Weight 1 ton= 20 hundredweight =2240 pounds = 1016.04 kilograms. 1 hundredweight = 112 pounds = 50.80 kilograms. 1 pound =16 ounces =256 drams =7000.00 grains =453.5900 grams. 1 ounce = 16 drams = 437.50 grains = 28.3495 grams. 1 dram = 27.34 grains = 1.7718 grams. 1 net ton =2000 pounds =29166| ozs. troy =907.19 kilograms. Metric Ton 1 metric ton = 1000 kilograms. CONVERSION OF THERMOMETER READINGS To convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade, subtract 32 and multiply by |. To convert Centigrade to Fahrenheit, multiply by I and add 32. INDEX Acetate method for determination Barium, determination of in sili- of manganese, 68, 70, 73, 308 Acetylene in gas, 279, 288, 289 Alkalies; determination of in sili- cates, 299 Alumina, determination of in iron ores, 307 in limestones, 13 in silicates, 297 in slags, 303 determination of as phosphate, 304 precipitation of by phenylhy- drazine, 309 Aluminum, determination of in iron and steel, 176 Ammonium persulfate method for manganese in steel, 89 Annealing-evolution method for sul- fur in iron, 107 Antimony, determination of in bear- ing metal, 233 in copper, 224 in lead, 229 Aqueous tension, table of, 327 Arsenic, determination of in steel, 173 bearing metals, 234 copper, 224 lead, 229 effect of on the determination of phosphorus, 42 Arsenite solution for titration of manganese, 85 Asbestos filter, 123 Ash, determination of in coal, 244, 247 Atomic weight, table of, 317 cates, 299 carbonate method for carbon, 117 hydroxide, standard solution of, 292 Bearing metal, analysis of, 232 Benzene, determination of in gas, 279, 288 Bismuth, determination of in copper, 224 in lead, 230, 231 Bismuthate-arsenite method for manganese, 84 Blast furnace gas, analysis of, 264, 275 slags, analysis of, 302 Blood test for CO, 295 Brass, analysis of, 240 Bronze, analysis, 240 Burette readings, table of correc- tions for, 325 Butylene, determination of, 288 Cadmium, determination of in spel- ter, 237, 238 Cain and Hostetter method for vanadium, 151 Calorific value of gases, 291 CaO, determination of in limestone, 13 in slag, 302 volumetrically, 18 free, determination of in lime- stone, 21 Carbon, determination of in steel by direct combustion, 112 in iron and steel by solution and combustion, 120 337 338 INDEX Carbon, determination of in iron and steel by chromic acid, 124 in steel by color method, 131 in coal, 252 dioxide, determination of in gas, 273, 279, 293 monoxide, determination of in gas, 274, 280, 295 blood test for, 295 Chemical factors, table of, 318, 319 Chimney gas, analysis of, 264, 265 Chromate method for the determina- tion of lead, 215 Chromic acid method for carbon in steel and iron, 124 Chromium, determination of in steel, 147, 149, 158, 161 determination of in steel, colori- metrically, 161 Cinchonine, use of in tungsten determination, 160 Clay, analysis of, 295 mineral analj'sis of, 305 Coal, analysis of, 242 coking properties of, 258 efifect of washing on, 261 proximate analysis of, 242 ultimate analysis of, 252 Cobalt, determination of in copper, 226 determination of in steel, 139 Coke, determination of porosity of, 259 oven gas, 264, 284 Coking properties of coal, 258 Color method for the determination of carbon in steel, 131 bismuth in lead, 224 chromium in steel, 161 manganese in steel, 85, 89 titanium, 166 Copper, determination of in bearing metal, 233 in brass and bronze, 241 in iron and steel, 172 in ores, by cyanide method, 208 Copper, determination of in ores, by electrolytic method, 203 by iodide method, 199 by short iodide method, 202 by sulfocyanate-permanga- nate method, 210 refined, analysis of, 222 Cuprous chloride, solution for deter- mination of CO, 272 Cj^anide method for copper in ores, 208 for nickel in steel, 136 solution, 209 Density of water, table of, 326 Dimethylgh^oxime method for the determination of nickel in steel, 138 Direct combustion method for deter- mination of carbon in steel, 112 Dust in blast furnace gas, deter- mination of, 284 Electroh'tic method for the deter- mination of copper in ores, 203, 206 of lead in ores, 213 of nickel and cobalt in steel, 140 Eschka method for determination of sulfur in coal, 249 Ethane, determination of in gas, 287 Ether separation for vanadium, nickel, cobalt, aluminum, etc., 154 Ethylene, determination of in gas, 279, 288, 289 Evolution method for the determina- tion of sulfur in iron and steel, 97 Ferric oxide, determination of in silicates, 298 Ferrocyanide, standard solution of for zinc titration, 194 Ferrochromium, determination of phosphorus in, 60 INDEX 339 Ferromanganese, determination of phosphorus in, 61 of manganese in, 72, SO Ferrosilicon, determination of sili- con in, 66 Ferrotitanium, determination of phosphorus in, 60 Ferrotungsten, determination of phosphorus in, 61 Ferrovanadium, determination of pliosphorus in, 62 of sulfur in, 110 of vanadium in, 146, 151, 154 Ferrous oxide, determination of in iron ore, 32 Fixed carbon in coal, 244, 249 Flue gas, anah'sis of, 265 Ford-Williams process for manganese determination, 75 Gas analj'sis, 264 sampling of, 266 ■ Gases, determination of in copper, 226 Graphite, determination of in pig- iron, 133 by direct weighing, 134 Heat of combustion of gases, table of, 327 Heating power of coal, calculation of from analysis, 262 Hempel apparatus for gas analysis, 276 Hesse method for mine air analysis, 291 Hydrocarbon vapor in gas, deter- mination of, 290 Hydrochloric acid, N/10, standardi- zation of, 21 Hydrogen, determination of in coal, 252 in steel, 186 in gas, 276, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285 by palladiumized asbestos, 276 by CuO, 284 Illuminants, determination of in gases, 279 Indicators, tables of uses of, 334 Iodine titration method for deter- mination of sulfur, 79 pentoxide method for CO, 295 titration method for determina- tion of copper, 199 of tin, 220 solution for sulfur titration, 100 for arsenic, 225 for tin determination, 220 Iron, determination of in ores, 22 in copper, 226 in lead, 229 in spelter, 237 in silicates, 298 by KsCr.O:, 22 by Zn and KMn04, 27 by SnCl2 and KMn04, 31 Jager- Worrell method for gas analy- sis, 284 Johnson's method for the determina- tion of V and Cr in steel, 149 Kjeldahl method for the determina- tion of nitrogen in coal, 257 Lead, determination of in ores, 213 in copper, 226 in spelter, 227, 228 by electrolj^tic method, 213 by volumetric chromate method, 215 Lead, refined, analysis of, 229 peroxide color method for deter- mination of manganese, 86 peroxide-arsenite method for de- termination of manganese, 89 Lime, determination of in limestone, 13, 18 free, determination of, 21 in iron ores, 308 340 INDEX Lime in slags and silicates, 299, 302 volumetric determination of, 18 Limestone, analysis of, 12 Logarithms, table of, 320 Magnesia, determination of, in lime- stone, 14 determination of, in iron ores, 308 in silicates and slags, 299, 302 Magnesia mixture, 40 Manganese, acetate method for de- termination of, 69 in ores with low percentage, 73 in ores with high percentage, 70 in ferro-manganese, 72 determination of in steel by bismuthate method, 84 by color method, 86 by Ford- Williams method, 75, 79 by ammonium persulfate color method, 89 by PbOo-arsenite method, 89 in ores by Volhard's method, 81 by bismuthate method, 86 Manganese dioxide, volumetric de- termination of, 77 Mercuric chloride solution, 24 Methane, determination of in gas, 280, 283, 285, 287, 290, 294 Methyl orange indicator, 57 Microscope, use of by chemist, vii Mine air, analysis of, 291 Mineral analysis of clays, 305 Moisture, determination of in coal, 243, 245 estimation of, 4 Molybdenum, determination of in steel, 163 qualitative test for, 164 Molybdic acid solution, 40 Natural gas, analysis of, 264, 289 Nessler reagent, 179 Nickel, determination of in copper, 218 in steel, 136, 138, 141 by cyanide titration, 136 by dimethylglyoxime method, 138 and cobalt in steel, 139 Nitrogen, determination of in coal, 257 in steel, 169 Nitric acid, standard solution of, 57 Nitroso-/3-naphthol solution, 141 Normal solutions, calculation of, 315 Orsat's apparatus, 270 Oxygen, determination of in steel, 181 in gas, 274, 279 total in steel, 185 in coal, 258 holder, 114 Palladiumized asbestos, preparation of, 285 Permanent hardness, determination of, 311 Phenolphthalein, indicator, 57 Phosphorus, determination o[, in carbonaceous ores, 43 in coal and coke, 250 in ferrosilicon, 46, 60 in ferromanganese, 61 in ferrovanadium, 62 in ferrotitanium and ferro- chrome, 60 in ferrotungsten, 61 in limestone, 13 in mill cinder, 43 in ores, iron and steel, 34, 44 in tungsten steel, 02 in vanadiimi steel, 59 by alkali titration method, 55 by CrOo method, 48 by Emmerton dry oxidation, 49 by Emmerton wet oxidation, 54 by molybdate magnesia method, 44 INDEX 341 Phosphorus, by measuring volume of the Y. P., 60 by weighing MgoPaO;, 38 by weighing the yellow precipi- tate, 47 Potassium dichromate solution for iron titration, 23 hydroxide solution for gas analysis, 271 oxide, determination of in sili- cates, 299 permanganate, solution for lime determination, 18 for iron titration, 28 for phosphorus determination, 50 pyrogallate solution for gas analysis, 271 Porosity of coke, 259 Producer gas, analysis of, 264, 275 Proximate analysis of coal, 242 Quartering, 1 Rectifier, for A. C. current, 205 Reduction of gas volumes, tables of, 328 Reduction for iron determination, 30 Sampling, 1 coals, 6 equipment, 9 gases, 266 iron ores, 7 limestone, 12 metals, 3 pig-iron, 8 Selenium, determination of in copper, 225 Silica, determination of in clay, 294 in iron ores, 306 in iron and steel, as slag, 67 in limestone, 12 in slags, 303 in silicates, 296 Silicates, analysis of, 296 Silicon, determination of in iron and steel, 63 in ferrosilicon, 66 Size-weight ratio, 2 Sodium hydroxide, standard solu- tion of, 56 oxide, determination of in sili- cates, 299 Solder analysis, 241 Specific gravity of coke, 259, 260 Specific gravity and percentage composition of acetic acid, table of, 324 of ethyl alcohol, 325 of hydrochloric acid, 322 of nitric acid, 322 of potassium hydroxide, 323 of sodium hydroxide, 323 of sulfuric acid, 322 of ammonium hydroxide, 323 Spelter, analysis of, 237 coating, determination, 189 Spiegel-eisen, determination of man- ganese in, 72 Standard samples, vi Stannous chloride solution, 24 Starch indicator, preparation of, 100 preparation of very sensitive, 225 Sulfur, determination of, 91 determination of in coal, 249 in copper, 228 in blast furnace slag, 305 in ferrovanadium, 110 in iron and steel, 95, 97 in iron ores, by fusion, 93 by wet oxidation, 94 by a n n e a 1 i n g-e volution method, 107 by Drown's method, 107 by gravimetric method, in iron, 95 by evolution method, 97 by iodine titration method, 99 Sulfocyanate-permanganate method for determination of cop- per, 210 342 INDEX Tar in gases, 264 Tellurium, determination of in cop- per, 225 Temporary hardness in water, de- termination of, 311 Tension of water vapor, tables of, 327 Thermometer readings, conversion of, 336 Thiosulfate solution, standardiza- tion of, 101, 201 Tin, determination of in bearing metal, 233 in brass and bronze, 240 in ores, 219 plate coating, analysis of, 190 determination of, 191 Titania, determination of in lime- stone, 13 in ores, 168 in silicates, 298 effect of on phosphorus de- termination, 41, 42 standard solution of, 169 Titanium, determination of in steel b}' cyanide method, 166 by gravimetric method, 167 by color method, 167 by bureau of standard method, 171 by precipitating from acid solu- tion, 169 qualitative test for, in steel, 156 Titrating solution, 29 Tungsten, determination of in steel, 158 in steel, volumetrically, 161 steel, determination of phos- phorus in, 62 Ultimate analysis of coal, 252 Unsaturated hydrocarbons in gas, determination of, 275, 279, 288, 289 Vanadium, determination of in steel, 143 in ferrovanadium, 146, 154 by Cain and Hostetter's method, 151 by ether separation method, 154 by Johnson's method, 149 byMnOa-permanganatemethod, 143 effect of on the determination of phosphorus, 34, 59 qualitative test for, 156 Volatile matter in coal, determina- tion of, 243, 248 Volhard's process for the deter- mination of manganese, 81 Waring's method for the determina- tion of zinc, 196 Washing, effect of on coal, 261 Water, determination of in clay, 296 softening, determination of the amount of chemicals for, 311 Weighing out, 4 Weights and measures, tables of, 335 Zinc, determination of in ores by ferrocyanide method, 193 by Waring's method, 196 in copper, 226 in lead, 229 Zirconium, effect of on titanium determination, 171 TN L85 1916 Lord, Nathariel Wright l^tall^^gical analysis ^thed., rev., enl.