None
APPENDIX 441 Table XXX. Florida State School Fund — Growth of Principal and Income and Relation of Income to Total Pubuc School Expenditure Year Principal Income State School Fund Total Public i» School Expenditure Per Cent Con- tributed by State School Fund 1870 1 223,595 tt 138,14s" $ 129,431'* 29 * 1875 219,400 ^ 17,500" 12.5+ *^ 1876 139,340 i88s 490,784 *» z886 34,318" 309,890 11+ « 1894 35,305 *> 653,175 5.4+* 189s 647,100 M 1902 30,813 » 792,919 ^ 3-9* 1905 1,085.367 ♦, " 33,632** 1,473,191-80" 2.28 « * • Computed. , * Not including the value of unsold school lands. M Statement returned Feb. 24, 1907, by W. M. Holloway, Fla. State Supt. Public Instruction. u Report Fla. State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1892-94, p. 63. !• Ibid., 1894-96, p. 53- 1* Report Fla. State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1892-94, p. 63, gives data for 1870-94. " Ibid., p. 66. "Ibid., 1870, p. 16. "Ibid., Z885-86, p. 27. " U. S. Commissioner of Education, Report, 1875, p. 65. " Ibid., 1902, LXXXV. "Ibid., LXXIV. » Ibid., LXXXin. 442 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Table XXXI. Indiana Common School Fund Origin and Composition TiOe of Fund Dale of Origin Amount Added to Com- mon a School Fund County Seminary Fund 1816 % 103,238" Saline Fund * 1816 85,000 a Delinquent Tax Fund • 1832 Nothing Bank Tax Fund 1834 80,000 a Sinking Fund 1834 4,767.805 " Surplus Revenue Fund f 1837 567,126* "The amounts given in the different state reports do not always agree with themselves nor with those given by Boone. ^ Added to Common School Fund, 1853. * Purpose not stated, 1816, not devoted to schools until 1819. t Bourne, E. G., History of the Surplus Revenue of r8j7, pp. 60-64, 122. Ac- cording to Bourne, the $567,126 of United States Surplus Revenue distril»ited originally among the counties was lost, so it can scarcely be said to have actually added anything, though it serves as a resource as counties must pay interest on the amount credited to them. 1^ Boone, R. G., History of Education in Indiana^ p. 186, and Report Indiana State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1878, p. 80. a Report Indiana State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1871-73, pp. 15-16. a Boone, R. G., History of Education in Indiana, p. 196. Table XXXII. Sources of Increase of Indiana Common School Fund A. Unproductive: 1. Delinquent Tax Fund 2. Michigan Road Sales 3. Escheated Estates 4. Taxes on Corporations 5. Swamp Land Fund B. Productive: 1. Fines 2. Forfeits 3. Estrays APPENDIX 443 Table XXXIII. Showing Increase of Principal of Indiana Common School Fund from Sources Named ^ Fines and Forfeitures 1868M $32,904 187s ■• 46,339 1885 « 49,860 189s" 59.969 1902" 43»444 1903 ^ 41,433 190s*' 49»353 1906W 95.752 Amounts Added from Other Sources P 2,143 3,675 6,664 14,867 9,706 12,080 96,845 6,474 (B Boone, R. G., History of Education in Indiana, p. 189. H Report State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1878, p. 80. ^ Ibid., 1906, p. 811. Table XXXIV. Growth of Principal of Indiana Common School Fund, 1854-1906 Principal Year Congressional Township Common School Total* Fund Fund 1853 % 2,278,588 « 1854 $1,676,717 " $ 882,591 « 2,559,308 « 1864 2,098,715 « 5,679,640 « 7,778,355" 1874 2,330,823 " 6,468,368 « 8,799,191 M i88s 2,404,936* 6,923,854 » 9,328,791 M 1895 2,501,590 ■• 7,645,369 » 10,146,959 w 190S 2,473,143 * 8,168,082 » 10,641,22688 1906 2,473,143" 8,270,255 » 10,743,399 " c Computed. * Total theoretically should alwa3rs equal sums of other two; practically it does not, as in some cases unsold lands are included by the state reports in the principal, u Boone, R. G., History of Education in Indiana, p. 180. ^ Report Indiana State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1906, p. 810. » Ibid., pp. 804, 805. w Ibid., 1863-64, p. 19. Q Cotton, F. A., Education in Indiana, p. 177. 444 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Table XXXV. Growth of Incomb of Indiana Coumon School Fund Year Rgvemue Common Revenue Congressional Toial A Vl*» School Fund Township Fund X WiW No data prior to 1864 1865 « $ 97,672 $154,632 $252,304 * 1875 « 424,337 167,231 591,568 * 1885 M 476,841 202,389 679,230 « 1895 « 452,933 153,169 609,101 * 1905 » 485,096 153,271 638,367 ' 1906 « 479,147 147,775 626,922 ' * Computed. ^ Report Indiana State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1906, pp. 806, 807. «» Ibid., 1876, p. 67. •* Ibid., 1885-86, p. 166. Table XXXVI. Average Annual Increase of Principal * of Indiana School Funds Years Congressional Township Fund Common School Fund 1854-1864 1864-1875 1875-1885 1885-1895 1895-1902 •42,199 21,100 7,411 9,665 5,183 (decrease) • t479,7<H 71,748 45,548 72,151 47,601 « Computed. 0 Data given in reports includes estimated value of unsold lands. Deaease is probably due to overestimate of value of unsold lands. APPENDIX 445 Tabu XXXVII. Comparison of Indiana School Revsndxs* Common Congressional Year Totals School Fund Township Fund State Tax Local Tax x866 « i»998»537 $m,425 $150,044 t 910,585 $ 666,673 z868 2,668,946 299,654 154,037 864,548 1,102,441 1873 3»83S»99i 423,520 98,988 1,190,627 2,048,066 1885 4,917 »o3S 476,841 202,390 1,416,884 2,455,756 1895 6,977,892 452,932 * 153,169 1,980,452 3,977,755 1900 7,229,017 460,516 » 147,456 1.595,344 4,437,284 Z902 8,055,861 475,534 * 139,059 1,623,170 5,242,619 i90S» 10,564,799 485.096 153,271 1,8x2,617 3,752,702 190^ » 9,335,237 479,147 147,775 1,851,960 3,559,"3 A Total revenue does not agree with total expenditures, since latter includes items not coming through regular channels. Cotton, F. A., Education in Indiana, p. 185, note 4. ^ Including amount paid by borrowers and by counties. * Data through 1885 computed from (Table) Boone, R. G., History of Education in Indiana, p. 335, compared as far as possible with reports. Data after 1885 taken from state reports as given by Cotton, F. A., Education in Indiana, pp. 184, 185. *> Data for years 1905 and 1906 are from Report Ind. State Supt. of Public Instniction, 1906, pp. 806-807. Tabix XXXVIII. Growth of Indiana's Endowed School System f 1855 1865 1875 1885 J. Population .... 2. School Census .. 3. Enrolment . .. 4. School Term in days 5. Tazables .... 6. Expenditures . .. 7. Teachers, Number Em- ployed 8. Salary, Average Per Month': Male Female 1,350,428 452,124 206,994 61 $300,000,000 500,000 4,000 $23.76 16.84 1,680,637 552.244 413,374 66 $567,000,000 1,338,540 9,313 $31.00 20.50 1,978,362 667,736 502,362 130 $898,000,000 4,921,085 13,133 $42.40 38.20 2,192,404 740,949 504,520 Z29 $794,000,000 5,218,999 13,254 $4460 36.80 t Table XXXVIII is taken from Boone, R. G., History of Education in Indiana, P- 315- 446 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Tablx XXXDL Gkowth of Principal and Incoioe ov Maine Pkrmansnt School Fund — ^Relation to Othek Soitsces of School Revenue Permamemi School Fund Toial Expendi- iyres/or PubUc Schools Portion of Toial Ex- pondiiures Derived from Income of Per- Year Primcifal Income manent School Fund « 1838 % 2,813 >• 1843 30,782 *« See foot-note ' J846 57,639 >* Table XXXVII J848 104,648'* 1851 % 6,355 » $ 350,000 « .052 1855 135,381 >* 7,516 » 467,317 «« .052 1865 181,331 • I0,I30» 810,560* .036 187s 400,558* 32,193 <1 ^,3^3f303 *• .036 188s 442,757 * 26,565 « 1,002,566 « .051 189s 442,757 * 26,565 « 1,364,870* .057 1905 442,757 * 26,565 « 2,607,783 « .oioa Z906 445f625 « » Ibid., p. 16. 'Computed. MMe. School Report, 1855, p. 15. * Ibid., 1866, p. 46. * Ibid., this is for 1864, not given for 1865. * Me. School Report, 1875, p. 8. * Ibid., p. 9, * Statements received from State Treasurer Oct. 28, 1904, and from Ed. Secretary of State Department of Education, Nov. 8, 1906. * Estimate from data given Me. School Report, 1851, p. 18. *Me. School Report, 1855, p. 7, computed by subtracting expenditure for private schools from total expenditure. * Me. School Report, 1865, p. 37, computed same as 44. * Report U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1875, p. xxzii; Me. School RqxMt, 1875, p. 9. gives $1,339,704. ^ Me. School Report, 1885, App., p. 61. * Me. School Report, 1895, App., p. 188. Table XL. Maine Local School Tax Rate, 1821-187 2 1821 1853 1854 1865 1868 1873 $0.40" $0.50" $0.60 » $0.75" $1.00" $a8on u Act, Jan., 1821, Sec. 1; Study of the History of Education in Mainef by SupL of Public Schools, p. 18. 12 Me. School Report, 1872, p. 28. APPENDIX 447 Table XLI. Maine School Bank Tax (Only form of state aid antedating distribution of income of Permanent School Fund) AnU, Bank Tax Year Contributed to Schools 1833 Ii8,389tt 1837 49.415" 1863 79,830" 1864 39.385" 1867 4,475" 1868 4,473» 1869 Ceased>i ^ Maine School Report, 1855, p. 14. i« Ibid., i8s5, p. 14. "Ibid., 1866, p. 43. » Ibid., 1864, p. 56. "Ibid., 1867, p. 44. » Ibid., 1868, p. 72. s^Ibid., 1869, p. 156. Ifllll Hi |?1 Is mil Iflipifii l?l i* 5^1^? CIS ^t=%f 13^ Esias ^ 3 lliii ifsl. mm all '^ '^ llliili a rti s & s e APPENDIX 449 Table XUn. Maine Teacheks' Wages Per Month, Exclusive of Board Unless Stated Otherwise* Year Male 1851 $16.66 • 1855 20.57 • 1865 27.76 w 1872 ZZ'^1^ 1875 36.96 M 1885 32.07 « 1895 35" • 1902 36.05 "• Female^ «S-92 • 7.60 » 9.96 "^ 14.00 •• 17.36 •* 15.84 • 24.04 « 27.24'* * For foot-notes see those accompanyixig Table XLU. 4SO PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Table XLIV. Massachusbxis «* Total Poblic StJkkiIEz- pmoitiiR of •etts* LimitPlaoed OB Piimiual of Mm. School Fond hj Lav Principal of MiimartntBrttB School Fund Total locoaie From Haas. School Fund ABooant of la- O0OB6 Ok AAttBSu School Fund pd. to Toams aECitirafor Schoob< Tear Age 1835 $1,000,000 tt $ 5x4,906 T $16,176* $ 16.176 1837 561,676 T ao,o4o7 ao/>4o 4-t6 1845 $ 8oi/>37>,6 i,Soo,ooo(x85x) *' 780^80' a8,o66» a8,066 4-f6 1856 aj46j09».» 9,ooo/)Oo(i854) • 1,637,467' 90,566 » 46.808 » S-X5 186s 1.940,5066 2,000^000* iai,786* 60,724" 5-tS 187s 6»sox,6z4*,4f s,o6s.a38" 167.65s " 833a7» s-n 1885 7,oao^o4 4,7x0,241 " X34,X36W 67,97a w s-is 1805 10,661^56* 5/>oo/>oo(x8o4) " 3370.548 " X7a.7ao" 70.4x0x7 5-1 S zgoa XS.Z33,I53* 4,570,548" aao.731 » x8a,aroX« S-15 zoos I3,i86,6sa»» 4,880,111 « ai9.379* s-ts Ezplamahom or Foot-motss:— ^Rept. sa Report of the Board of Education of ICaas.; Sec Rept == Report of the Secretary in the Anntial Report <A the Mass. Board of Ed. In the earlier reports^ the Sec. Report and the Report of the Board, though bound together, aze paged aepaxat^. Sec agth RepC p. S3 ssPage 53 of the Secretarjr's Report in tlw aoth Report of the Maas. Bd. of Ed.; aoth RcpC ^sagnk Annual Report of the Bd. of Ed. of Blaas. Unleaa yvar is given Repts. axe rcf eixcd to faj The following table will Oth Report is for year 1845 aoth " (X857) " " X8S5-S6 asth " is for " x86o-6x agth " " " " X864-6S Ib detexxniiung the year of the  ^ven in Annual Reports of Maas. Board of Ed. b Expenditures for achocrf buildings not called for prior to 1867. Some catimatrs have as follows: For 1845 see Sec. oth Rept., p. 33; for X855-56 see Sec. aoth Rept., p. 38. The total gxrea in this table includes these estimates for these two yeaxs. The total given for 1856 includes, alao, ei- pendituxts for Normal Schools, Teachers' Institutes, etc. The total given for 1865 does not indiide expenditures for school buildings. c Computed. <f Exclusive of expcndituxes for school books. « First pasrment direct to towns and cities was made in X836. Owing to a change in the lime lor making school retuxns, no payment was made from November, X838, to April, 1830, when Ii35j8a6. the Income for i|^ years, was paid. After X854, only one-half the income was paid <UrBctly to the towns and cities, the other half was devoted to general eduaatiooal fzpmsft and to the pcindpnl of the School Fund. (See pangraph 00 "Objects.") /Including board. 9 Not Indndhig boazd. APPENDIX 451 School Fund— Suiocasy Total Number ChUdiea of School Age Rate of Re- quired Local Tax Total Local Tax Re- quixed for Whole SUtetf Total Local Tax Actu- ally Raised Raised over Amount Required e Total Ex- pendi- ture Amount per Child Received f ran of School Fundc Local Tax Teachers Aversfe Moothbr Wage Male Female z8a.ioxi*(U0B) Z94.984 " 2aa353 ** 247.a7S " aO4,708" 343.810 >« 417,33s * 483.X03 * 513,156** $1.00 1 i89,igi 1.45 S43t73o i.So 334*379 SMO 741. 8as 3.00 884404 3.00 1,031,430 3.00 i.aa6.694 3-00 ir440,3O9 $ 467.x 34'^ 796.5663S 1,803,167* i,784,6a4*<^ S,89i,666»» 6.849,40O>' io,469.367" 14,633,654'^ i».S«4,4a5" $ 384,933 I0.ZI $ 3.63U $3S.48» 482,836 I4.10C .148 3.6o» 33.H«/ 1,467,888 io.53>«fl .31 S.48M 43.05'/ 1,040,799 7^0 * .30 7.30 e 54.77** 5,007,373 3I.0O* .38 19.09* 88.37* 5,818,060 ao^s'* •19 19.17 « 1x1.33** 9,343,673 36.07 w •19 3S.6i*' n8.5S*» 13,173.345 31^3* •39 30.38" 143.33** 35^4" 3454" 149-05** $11.38* 7.50*> i8.53*»y 3lil3*> 3535* 43.97** 48.38*» 53.37** 57.33** > Sec 9th Rept.. pw 313. 1 Sec. 30th Rept, pp. 38, 76. * 39th Rept, pp. 131, 133. * 49th Rept, p. 50^ * 66th RqH., p. 107. * 35th Rept., pp. 48, 49. T Sec. 9th Rept, p. 33. ' Sec. 30th Rept., p. 70. * Sec. agth Rept., pp. 66, 67 »»39th Rept., pp. 135. 136. " 49th Rept., p. 67. IS 66th Rept., p. 333. ^ Sec 30th Rept, p. 75. 1* Sec 39th Rept., p. 45. 1* 39th Rept, p. 137. 1* 49th Rept., p. 50. >^ 59th Rept., p. 30I. 1* 66th Rqyt, p. xdi. * Abstract Mass. Sch. Returns, p. 341. s^Sec 9th Rept., p. 35. n Sec 3oth Rept., p. 73. » Sec 39th Rept., p. 44. * Sec. 39th Rept., pp. 130, Z3i. >* 49th Rept., p. 49. > Sec 60th Rept. p. 63. * Computed from data 66th Rept., p. 89. ^ Computed from data Sec. 30th Report, p. 75, as folloirs: Local Taxes for wages, fuel, etc, $387,134, local taxes for Sch. Buildings, $80,000; Total, $467,134. * Computed; Building rstimatwl at $150^000, $576,566 for wages, fuel, etc. Sec. 9th Rept, pw 33. * Computed Uke notes, 37 and 38; Sec 30th Rept., p. 75. ** Too low; expenditure for building and repain not reported; Sec 39th Rept, p. 45. *i Computed like note 39, 39th Rept, p. isi. ** 49th Rept, p. Ixxvi. ** 66th Rept., p. 106. >* Computed; $13+ is given. Sec 30th Rept, p. 76. ** 39th Rept., p. 133. ** 49th Rept., p. 50. ^ 66th Rept, p. X08. ** Sec. 30th Rept., p. 38. * Sec 3oth Rept., p. 41. *^ Sec 9th Rept, p. 30. «i Ibid., p. 36. *> Sec 3oth Rept., p. 74* ** Sec 39th Rept., p. 45. ** 53rd. Rept., p. 63. ** 66th Rept., p. 93. ** Rept., Mass. Sch. Fund CommJsrioaegi, 1905. ** 39th Rept, p. 7. ** Laws 1834, Chap. 169, Sec z. ** Laws 1854, Chap. 300, Sec. 3. j *o Resolves 1894, Chap. 90. *> 69th Rept., p. 76. *> Ibid., p. 77. *■ Ibid., p. 79- ** Ibid., p. IxxxviiL ** Ilnd., p. xc **Ibid.,p.cviii. 452 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Table XLV. Soukces of Growth op Massachxtsetis School Fdheh Years Amount Source !• a. 1835-53 3. 1835 4. 1854 5. 1854 6. 1859-^4 456,930 7. 1882 624,000 8. 189I ia,043 9. 189I 696,107 zo. 1894-I905 100,000 II. 1890 13. 1901-37 25,000 |i,244i384 255,800 (Est'd) (Added to annual income) Claims on United States for military services and proceeds of sales of state lands Forfeitures of School Fund income by towns failing to fulfil conditions necessary for par- ticipation Railroad shares in Western Railroad corpo- ration Balances of that half of income of Scbooi Fund, used for general educational cxpcnaei Back Bay lands Exchange of stock at a premium Collected war claims U. S. direct tax Annual appropriation " Moneys received into state treasury dtsposi' tion of which is not otherwise provided for" Excess income of the Fitchburg Railroad securities loan sinking fund At present (1905) three sources from which the principal of the Mass»- chusetts School Fund may be increased are provided by law, as follows: (i) Portions of the School Fimd income forfeited by towns for failure to fulfi conditions of participation;)* (2) moneys received into the state treasnir disposition of which is not otherwise provided for; * (3) annual appiopnation of $100,000 to be continued until the principal of the School Fimd amounts to $5,000,000; ^ (4) $25,000 to be added annually to the income of the School Fund until 1937.* > For full account see 64th Report, 1899-1900, pp. 19, 264. 3B Public Statutes of Mass. relating to Public Instruction, Including Force, 1892. » Acts, 1890, Chap. 335, Sec. i. w> Resolves, 1894, Chap. 90. in APPENDIX 4S3 Table XLVI. Growth of Principal and Income of New York Common School Fund, 1806-1905 Year Principal « Annual In- crease (-\') or Decrease (— ) of CapUal Annual In- come or In- terest Annual Appro- priation from State Treasury Amount Received by Dis- tricts 1796 (See foot-note *) $49,250.00 No distribution made until (1815) the reve- nue amt'd to 150,000 1797 50,000.00 1800 49,622.50 1801 377.50 1806 • 58,757.24 +1124,405.72 Not sUted 1807 183,162.96 + 124,001.60 41 If 1808 307,164.56 + 83,472.59 it tt 1809 390,637.15 + 37,540.76 24,115.46 1810 428,177.91 + 55,148.38 26,480.77 1811 483,326.29 + 75,138.40 36,427.64 181 2 558,464.69 + 78,293.38 45,216.95 1813 636,758.07 + 185,306.07 47,6i2.x6 X814 822,064.94 + 39,392.95 57,248.39 1 48,376 155,720.98 1815 861,457.89 + 72,557.24 57,539.88 46,398 64,834.88 x8i6 934,015.13 + 48,227.13 64,053.01 54,799 73,235.42 1817 982,242.26 — 10,880.95 69,555.29 59,933 93,010.54 1818 971,361.31 + 132,587.78 68,770.00 59,968 117,151.07 1819 1,103,940.09 + 125,126.91 70,556.04 59,930 146,418.08 1820 1,229,076.00 — 15,550.00 78,944.56 79,957 157,195.04 i8ai 1,215,526.00 — 62,895.43 77,144-56 80,104 173,420.56 1822 1,153,630.57 + 3,196.83 77,417.86 80,000 182,820.25 1823 1,155,827.40 + 17,085.88 72,515.09 80,000 182,741.61 1824 1,172,913.23 + 115,396.19 75,315.05 80,000 182,790.09 1825 1,288,309.47 + 31,576.99 82,815.41 80,000 185,720.46 1826 1,319,886.46 + 33,591.18 86,429.93 80,000 222,995.77 1827 1,353,477.64 + 257,619.16 81,381.90 100,000 232,343.21 A Data for years 1801-50 taken from Report N. Y. State Supt. of Public In- struction, 1851, p. 38; ibid., 1895, p. 28, gives principal for years 1805-95; data for 1905 taken from Controller's Reports, X905-.06. * The superintendents in reporting data contained in this column did not follow a uniform principle: in the earlier reports, 1806-37, the increase or decrease is the increase or decrease during the year, opposite which it stands. In the later (1840- 45) reports it is the increase or decrease over the previous year. Increase stated for 1838 and 1839 appears to be incorrect 454 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Table XLVl— continued Year Principal « Annual In- crease (+) w Decrease ( — ) of Capital Annual In- come or In- terest Annual Appro- priation from StaU Treasury by Dis- tricts X828 $1,611,096.80 + 173,532.00 1 89,034.96 fioo,ooo $214,840^14 1829 1,684,628.80 + 35,662.42 94,626.25 100,000 238,6x1.36 1830 1,661,081.24 — 23,547.56 100,678.60 100,000 244,998.8s 1831 i»696,743-66 + 7,415.74 80,013.86 100,000 305.582.74 1832 1,704,159.40 + 31,015.88 93,755.31 100,080 307.733-08 1833 i»735,i7S.28 + 18,871.56 109,117.77 100,080 316,153.98 1834 1,475,046.84 + 36,498.46 104,390.78 100,080 312,181.20 183s 1,791,321.77 + 83,869.94 131,006.40 100,000 313^76.90 1836 1,875,191.71 + 42,302.46 118,486.67 100,000 335,^5-10 1837 I,9i7.49ii7 + 2,153-51 94,349.93 110,000 335,882^ 1838 1,919,644.68 + 10,059.83 102,991.09 113,793 374^ri.6i 1839 1,932,421.99 + 2,714.48 117,472.27 275,000 9 633,685.94 1840 2»o33»8o7.9S + 101,385.96 103,400.65 * 275,000 0 658,951-70 1841 2,036,625.68 + 2,817.73 96,073.85 ♦285,080 676,086.07 1842 1,968,290.72 — 68,334.96 90,092.46 * 275,080 660,727^1 1843 i»975,o93-iS + 6,802.43 107^370.62 * 265,080 639,606.60 1844 1,992,916.35 + 17,823.20 133,826.51 * 275,080 725,066.19 1845 2,090,632.41 + 97,716.41 113,458.87 * 275,080 772,578.02 1850 2,290,673.23 + 47,109.87 137,524.07 * 285,000 1855 2,457,520.86 » + 32,308.89 « 143,127.73 ' * 310,000 * x86o 2,607,036.68 ^ + 20,785.52 310,000 * 1865 a,765,7<^-77 * 186,462.20 ^ 310,000 * 187s 3,080,107.68 179,264.66 « 335,000 « 1885 3,880,157.39 / 189,621.22 245,000 « 189s 4,423,140.77 181,579.27 245,000 « 190S 4,673,140.77 169,889.06 ^ Data for years 1801-50 taken from Report N. Y. State Supt of Public In- struction 1 85 1, p. 38; ibid., 1895, p. 28, gives principal for years 1805-95; ^^ for 1905 taken from Controller's Reports, 1905-06. ft Report N. Y. State Supt. of Public Instruction, 1869, p. xoi. « Ibid., 1856, p. 109. ^ Ibid., 1866, p. 14. « Ibid., 1876, p. 26. / Ibid., 1886, p. loi. d $110,000 from revenue of Common School Fund; $165,000 from revmue of U. S. Deposit Fund. ^ $145,000 from revenue of Common School Fund; $165,000 from revenue of U. S. Deposit Fund. * $170,000 from revenue of Common School Fund; $75,000 from revenue of U. S. Deposit Fund. ♦ Including, after 1838, $165,000 from Revenue of U. S. Deposit Fund. Ill I " Ifl 1 J i = , ;■? 1 1p 1 f « a s ^ •lili 1 S J 5 ? llli 1 1 ? ? =- 1 I! 1 1 =^^ III 1 - 1 ' ? Ill = 1 .» Ill '■' s i 111 Mil- 4lli ih^' 3iS |l|fa||illll|ls I i ill s * m ifl iv li^ -8 > -.Hi '1 11 11 = Si! BIBLIOGRAPHY SOURCES Constitutions of the various states of the Union. Enabling Acts of various states as cited. General Public Acts of Congress Respecting the Sale and Dispo»tion of Public X^nds with Instructions Issued from Time to Time by the Secretary of the Treasury and Commissioner of the General Land Office, and Official Opinions of the Attorney-General on Questions Arising under the Land Laws a vols. (Washing- ton, 1838, prepared and printed by order of the Senate). Journals of Congress. Organic Acts as dted. * Reports of the United States Commissioner of Education. Reports of the Commissioner of the General Land Office. Reports of the State Auditors. Reports of the State Controllers. Reports of the State Land Conmiissioners, or of the Land Office. Reports of State Land Registers. Reports of State Surveyors. Reports of the State Superintendents of Public Instruction or Reports of State Boards of Education. Reports of State Treasurers. Revised Statutes and Acts. School Laws. Session Laws. United States Statutes at Large. SECONDARY AUTHORITIES— GENERAL Adams, Francis, The Free School System of the United States (Chapman-Hall, London, 1875). Adams, Herbert B., Maryland's Influence upon Land Cessions to the United States (Johns Hopkins University Studies, 3d Series, No. i, Baltimore, 1885). Andrews, Israel W., History of the Ordinance of 1787 (Proceedings of the Na- tional Educational Association, 1887, pp. 120-128). Blackmar, Frank W., History of State and Federal Aid to Higher Education in the United States (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1890). Blair, Hon. W. H., National Aid to Education. (Proceedings of the Department of Superintendence, 1889, pp. 297-300; Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1889). 4S7 4S8 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS • Boone, Richard Cause, Ediuation in ike Umied Stales; lis History from the Earliest Seiilements (D. Appleton Co., New York, 1903). BouBNE, Edward C, The History of the Surplus Revenue 0/ 1837 (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1885). • Brown, Eluer Ellsworth, The Making of Our Middle Schools (New Yoii; Longman's, Creen & Co., 1903). Bush, Geo. Gary, The First Common Schools of New England (Washington; Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1896-97, VoL II, Chap. XXIV, pp. 1165-86.) Clews, E. W., Educational Legislation and Administration of the Colonial Govern- ments (New York, 1899). CUBBERLEY, Elwood P., School Funds and Their Apportionment (New York, 1905)- Dexter, Edwin Grant, History of Education in the United States (New York; The Macmillan Co., 1904). Draper, Andrew S., The General Government and Popular Education (Frooeed- ings National Educational Association, 1896, pp. 201-208). Eaton, Hon. John, National Aid to Education (Washington; United States Buietu of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1879). Elliott, Edward C, State School Systems: Legislation and Judicial Decisions Rdating to Public Education, October i, 1904, to October i, 1906 (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Bulletin No. 3, 1906). Fellow, Henry C, A Study in School Supervision and Maintenance (Crane & Co., Topeka, Kansas, 1896). Gasquet, Henry VIII and English Monasteries, 2 vols. (London, x888). Germann, George B., National Legislation Concerning Education (New York, 1899). / Hinsdale, B. A., (i) Educational Influence and Results of the Ordinance of 17S7 (Proceedings of the National Educational Association, 1887, pp. 135-140). (2) History of Popular Education on the Western Reserve (Ohio Archslogicai and Historical Society Publications, Vol. VI, 1898, pp. 35-58). (3) Documents Illustrative of American Educational History (Report United States Commissioner of Education, 1892-93, Part III, Chap. I, pp. 1 225-1414). Knight, Geo. W., History and Management of Land Grants for Education in the Northwest Territory (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1885). , Lahoreux, S. W., StaU Grants of Public Lands— Tables (Department of the Interior, General Land Office, Washington, D. C, 1896). Leach, Arthur F., English Schools at the Reformation (Archibald Constable & Co., .Westminster, 1896). Mansfield, E. D., Educational Land Policy of the United States (Barnard Am. Jo. Ed., Vol. 28, pp. 929-938). Mayo, A. D., (i) Public Schools in the United States During the Colonial and Rev- olutionary Periods (Report United States O>mmissioner of Education, 1893-^. Vol. I, Chap. XVI, pp. 639-738). (2) The American Common School in the Southern States During the First Ha^ Century of the Republic, 1790-1840 (Report of United States (Commissions of Education, 1895-96, Vol. I, Chap. VH, pp. 267-338). / BIBLIOGRAPHY 459 3) The American Common School in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania During the First Half Century of the Republic (Ibid., Vol. I, Chap. VI, pp. 219-266). 4) The American Common School in New England from 1790 to 1840 (Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1894-95, Vol. II, Chap. XXXIX, pp. 1551-1615). 5) Education in the Northwest During the First Half Century of the Republic, 1790-1840 (Ibid., Chap. XXXVIII, pp. 1513-50). 6) Original Establishment of State School Funds (Ibid., Chap. XXXVII, pp. 1505-")- 7) Organization and Reconstruction of State Systems of Common School Education in the North Atlantic States from 1830-1865 (Report of United States Com- missioner of Education, 1897-98, Vol. I, Chap. XI, pp. 355-486). 8) The Development of the Common Schools in the Western States from 1830-1865 (Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 189&-99, Vol. I, Chap. vm, pp. 357-450). 9) The Organization and Development of the American Common School in the Atlantic and Central States of the South, 1830-1860 (Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1899-1900, Vol. I, Chap. VIII, pp. 427- 562). 10) The Common School in the Southern States beyond the Mississippi River from 1830-1860 (Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1900-01, Vol. I, Chap. X, pp. 357-402). 11) Common School Education in the South from Beginning of Civil War to 1870- 1876 (Ibid., Chap. XI, pp. 403-490). 12) The Final Establishment of American Common School System in West Virginia, Maryland, Virginia and Delaware, 1863-1900 (Report of United States Com- missioner of Education, 1903, Vol. I, Chap. IX, pp. 391-462). 13) The Final Establishment of American Common School System in North Caro- lina, South Carolina and Georgia, 1863-1900 (Report of United States Com- missioner of Education, 1904, Vol. I, Chap. XVI, pp. 999-1090). Report of a Special Commission on the Permanent Common School Fund of Vermont to Vermont Legislature (Montpelier, Vermont, 1906). ScHA£FER, Joseph, The Origin of a System of Land Grants for Education (Bulletin No. 63, University of Wisconsin, History Series, Vol. I, No. i, Madison, Wis., 1902). Sheldon, W. F., The Educational It^uence and Results of the Ordinance of 1787 (Proceedings National Educational Association, 1887, pp. 118-119). Wakren, Charles, Illiteracy in the United States, with Appendix on. National Aid to Education (Washington, United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1884). Weeks, Stephen B., The Beginnings of the Common School System in the South, or Calvin Henderson and the Organization of the Common Schools of North Carolina (Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1896-97, Vol. II, Chap. XXIX, pp. 1379-1474). WiNTERBOTHAM, W., American Schools and Education (Barnard's American Journal of Education, Vol. XXIV, pp. 137-157). 46o PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS SECONDARY AUTHORITIES—LOCAL (Amngcxl by States) Alabama* Cla&k, W. G., History of EducaHon in Alabama, 1702-1889 (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1889). Pemy, W, p., The Genesis 0/ Public EducaHon in Alabama (Alabama Historkal Society Translations, Vol. II, pp. 14-27). Alaska Jackson, Sheldon, (i) Neglect of Education in Alaska (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1882, pp. 61-75). (a) Education in Alaska (Washington; United States Bureau of Educationy Circular of Information No. 3, 1887, pp. 191-200). Arkansas* Shinn, J. H., History of Education in Arkansas (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1900). California Kellog, Martin, Educational Progress in California (In California UniTeisity Addresses delivered before the California Teachers Association at Riveiside, 1892). Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1864-65, pp. 231-239, 300-339. Sweet, John, History of the Public School System of California (San Francisco, 1876). Colorado Hale, H. M., 1833, Grove, Aaron, 1839, and Shattuck, J. C, 1835, Anon., Education in Colorado, 1861-85 (Denver, 1885). Historical Sketch of Colorado Public Schools (Report Supt. of Public Instructioo, 1901-02, pp. 13-20 and 585-586). The School Lands of Colorado (Ibid., pp. 614-624). Connecticut * Hinsdale, B. A., (i) Connecticut Legislation 1642-1799 (Washington; Report of United States Commissioner of Education, 1892-93, Part HI, Chap. I, pp* 1240-56). (2) Plymouth Legislation 1658-1677 (Ibid., pp. 1238-39). (3) Common School Fund of Connecticut (Ibid., pp. 1256-61). Steiner, B. C, History of Education in Connecticut (Washington; United Slates Bureau of Education, Circular of Information No. 2, 1893). * Consult also Mayo, above. BIBLIOGRAPHY 461 The foHowtng Reports off the Connecticut Board of Education are especially valuable for historical and statistical material: 1853, 1864-65, 1868, 1876, x888, 1890. Delaware* Gkoves, History of Free Schools of Ddaware (Report of Delaware Superintendent of Free Schools, 1880, pp. 43-54). Powell, Lyman P., History 0/ Education in Ddaware (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, Vol. I, 1893). DisTKiCT OF Columbia * Wilson, J. Osmond, 1805, Eighty Years of Public Schools of Washington, 2805- 1885 (Report United States Commissioner of Education, 2894-95, Vol. II, Chap XLI, pp. 2673-98). Florida* Bush, George Gary, History of Education in Florida (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 7, 1888). Sheats, W. N., History of the Origin and Growth of Public Schools in Florida (Biennial Report State Supt. Public Instruction, 2893-94, pp. 5-60). Georgia * Johnston, Richard Malcolm, Early Educational Life in Middle Georgia (Wash- ington; Report United States Conunissioner of Education, 2894-95, Vol. II, Chap. XLII, pp. 2699-2734; 2895-96, Vol. I, Chap. XVI, pp. 839-886). Jones, Charles Edgeworth, Education in Georgia (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 4, 1888). Idaho History of Common Schools (Report of State Supt of Public Instruction, 1899- 2900, p. 74, gives statistics for years 1869-2900). Illinois * Ellsworth, H. L., Illinois in 2837 (Gregg and Elliott, Philadelphia, 2837). PiLLSBURY, W. L., Permanent School Funds of Illinois (Illinois School Report 2882-82, pp. cxz-cxUii.) WiLLARD, Samuel, Brirf History of Early Education in Illinois (Illinob School Report 2883-84, pp. zcviih-czx). Indiana* Boone, Richard Gaxtse, History of Education in Indiana (New York, 189^). * Consult also Mayo, above. 462 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Cotton, F. A., Education in Indiana (An official monogiaph prepared for tbe Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, 1904; Indianapolis, 1904)- Rawles, William A., Centralising Tendencies in the Admintstratian ef ImHam (Studies in History, Economics, and Public Law edited b/ the faculty of Political Science of Columbia University, VoL XVII, No. i, Marmillan Ca Agents). Skinnek, Herbert M., Hobbs, Barnabas C, and Humphreys, Mary C, Histori- cal Review of Education in Indiana (Report Indiana Supt. of Public Instruc- tion, 1885-86, Part II, pp. 1-47). Smart, James Henry, Indiana Schools and the Men Who Have Worked in Them (Cincinnati, 1876). WoODBTTRN, J. A., Higher Education in Indiana (Washington; United Stata Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, X891). A History of the School System of Indiana (School Law of Indiana, 190X, pp. 27-38). Iowa Bowman, Harold M., The Administration of Iowa, A Study in Ceniralisatif (New York, 1903). Parker, Leonard F., Higher Education in Iowa (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 6, 1893). Reports of Superintendent of Public Instruction as follows: x868, pp. 16-19; '872-73, pp. 44-48; 1902-03* PP- «»» »ii, xxvi. Kansas Columbian History of Education in Kansas (Compiled by Kansas Educatos, Topeka, Kansas, 1903). Blackmar, Frank W., Higher Education in Kansas (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1900). History of the State School System of Kansas, 1861-76 (Report Siq>t. of Pubfic Instruction, 1878, pp. 37-42). Kentucky* Lewis, A. F., History of Higher Education in Kentucky (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1899). History of Permanent School Fund (Report of Supt of Public Instructioii, i88o-Si> pp. 218-222; 1891-93, pp. 671-678). Louisiana * Fay, Edwin W., History of Education in Louisiana (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1898). * Consult also Mayo, above. BIBLIOGRAPHY 463 Maine Champlin, J. T., Educationai Institutions in Maine While a District of Massa- chusetts (Maine Historical Society Collections, 1881, Series I, Vol. VIII, pp. 155-180). Hall, Edwabd W., History of Education in Maine (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1903). Hyde, Rev. W. D., Education in Maine (in W. T. Davis, New England States, Vol. in, pp. 1154-67). Stetson, W. W., Study of the Rural Schools of Maine by the State Superintendent of Common Schools (Augusta, Me., 1896). State Superintendent of Public Schools, A Study of the History of Education in Maine and the Evolution of Our Present School System (Augusta). Education in Maine, 1642, Including a Copy of Maine's First Educational Law (Maine School Report, 1870, pp. 181-192). Early Schools in Maine (Maine School Report, 1876, pp. 1-56). Maryland* Steiner, B. C, History of Higher Education in Maryland (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. a, 1894). Massachusetts BoUTWELL, George S., Origin and History of Massachusetts School Fund (Annual Report of Board of Education of Massachusetts, 1859, PP< 3^5^) • Bush, George Gary, History of Higher Education in Massachusetts (Washing- ton; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 6, 1891). Carter, J. G., Schools of Massachusetts in 1824 (Boston). Emerson, G. B., Education in Massachusetts, Early Legislation and History (Boston, 1869). Dickinson, J. W., Massachusetts Public School System (Boston, 1893). Martin, G. H., The Evolution of the Massachusetts Public School System (New York, 1894). WiGHTMAN, Jos. M., Annols of Boston Primary School Committee from Its Estab- lishment, z8i8, to Its Dissolution, 1855 (George C. Rand & Avery, Boston, x86o). The following reports of Massachusetts Board of Education contain valuable historical material: Twentieth Report, 1856, pp. 35 flF., A Retrospect for Twenty Years, 1837-1857. Fiftieth Report, 1885-86, pp. 88 ff., A History of School Legislation, 1837-1886. Michigan Gregory, J. M., School Funds and School Laws of Michigan (Lansing, 2859). HoYT, C. O., and Ford, R. C, John D, Pearce, Founder of Michigan School System, and Study of Education in the Northwest (Ypsilanti, 1905). * Consult also Mayo, above. 464 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS McLaughlin, Andsxw C, History of Higher EducaHan in MickigoM (Washing- ton; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Infonnation, No. 4, 1891). Putnam, Daniel, (i) Development of Frimary and Secondary Public ImsiihUioms in Michigan (Ann Arbor, 1904). (a) History of the Origin 0/ Educational Funds of Michigan (Report of Supt. ol Public Instruction, 1899, pp. 19-24). Shearman, F. W., System if PMic Instruction and Primary School Law of Michi- gan (Lansing, 1852). Smith, W. L., Historical SkeUhes of Education in Michigan (Lansing, i88x). Primary School Fund of Michigan fits Origin and History (Mu^iiS»^^f^^ Repoft, 1870, pp. 153, 159). Minnesota GiEEK, John N., History of Education in Minnesota (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1902). KiEHLE, David L., Education in Minnesota (H. W. Wilson Co., Minneapotis, ^903). Report of Supt. of Public Instruction, 1878, pp. 6-45, contains valuable brief historical account. Mississippi * Mayes, Edwasd, History of Education in Mississippi (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1899). Report State Supt. of Public Education, 1871, pp. 22 ff., gi\'es an account of the Origin and History of School Funds. The same Report for the years 1895-96, pp. 31 ff., gives a statement concerning school lands. Missouu Snow, Marshall S., Higher Education in Missouri (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1898). Origin of Township Funds (Report State Superintendent of Public Sdiools, 1869, p. 7). State and Seminary Funds, Origin and Growth (Ibid., 1901, pp. 33-37). Nebraska Caldwell, Howard W., Education in Nebraska (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1902). New Hampshire* Bush, George Gary, History of Education in New Hampshire (Washington; Um'ted States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1898). Common Schools of New Hampshire (N. H. School Report, 1876, pp. 177-301). * Consult also Mayo, above. BIBLIOGRAPHY 465 New Jersey* MuuLAY, David, History of Education in New Jersey (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1889). New Yoke I>RAPEE, A. S., Origin and Devdopment of the New York Common School System (Albany, 1890). Fitch, C. E., The Public School (Albany, 1904). Hough, F. B., Historical and Statistical Record of the University of the StaU of New York (printed by the authority of the legislature, Albany, 1885). Millar, John, School System of the State of New York (Toronto, 1898). Pratt, D. J., Annals of Public Education in the State of New York, 1626-1^46 (Albany, 1872). Randall, S. S., History of the Common School System of the State of New York (New York, 1871). ScEDEPMOES, A. E., Rise and Progress of the School System of the State of New York (Syracuse, 1891). Sherwood, Sidney, The University of the StaU of New York (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1900). North Carolina* Raper, Charles Lee, The Church and Private Schools of North Carolina (Joseph J. Stone, Greensboro, N. C, 1898). Smith, Charles Lee, History of Education in North Carolina (Washington; Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 3, 1888). Wiley, C. H., History of Education in North Carolina (Report Supt. Common Schools, 1896-98, pp. 428-573). North Dakota History of Common Schools from Earliest Times (North Dakota Territorial School Report, 1884, pp. 33-40). Ohio* Burns, J. J., Educational History of Ohio (Columbus, 2905). Hinsdale, B. A., History of Popular Education on the Western Reserve (Ohio Archalogical and Historical Society Publications, Vol. VI, 2898, pp. 35-58.) Hinsdale, Mary L., A Legislative History of the Public School System of the State of Ohio (Report of the United States Commissioner of Education, 1900-01, Vol. I, Chap. II, pp. 129-160). Knight, Geo W., and Commons, John R., History of Higher Education in Ohio (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 5, X891). * Consult also Mayo, above. 466 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Orth, S. p., CentraliMoHon cf Admimsiraiion in Ohio (New York, 1903). Growth of Ohio School System (Report State Commissioner of Common ?y*nt% 1900, pp. 9-1 1). School Legislation in Ohio (Report State Commissioner of Commoo Sdioob, 1892, pp. 1-16). Tables Showing Progress of Schools, 1837-1856 (State CoDmiissi(»er of Crmanrm Schools, Report, 1856, pp. 50-51). PENNSYLVAmA * Basnasd, Henky, Thomas H. Burrows^ with a Sketch of a History of Comtmom Schools in Pennsylvania (American Journal of Education, Vol. VI, pp. jc;- 124). Haskins, C. H., and Hull, W. J., History of Higher Education in Pennsylvamta (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 4, 1902). WiCEERSHAM, jAifES Pyle, History of Education in Pennsylvania (Inquirer Publishing Company, Lancaster, Pa., 1886). Rhode Island* Stockwell, Thos. B., History of Public Education in Rhode Island, 1636-1876 (Providence, R. I., 1876). TOLMAN, Wu. H., History of Education in Rhode Island (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1894). South Cakolina* McCrady, Edward, Education in SotUh Carolina Prior to and During the Rmtiu" tion (in South Carolina Historical Society Collections, Vol. IV, 1887, Charles- town). Merriwether, Colyer, History of Higher Education in South Carolina^ with a Sketch of Free School System (Washington; United States Bureau of Educatioa, Circular of Information, No. 3, z888). Rammage, B. J., Social Government and Free Schools in South Carolina (Jc^ns Hopkins University Studies, Vol. I, No. 12, Baltimore, 1883). Historical Documents Bearing upon Common School Education in Virginia ami South Carolina Previous to the Civil War (Report of United States Commis- sioner of Education, 1899-1900, Vol. I, pp. 403-426). Tennessee* Merriam, Lucius S., Higher Education in Tennessee (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 5, 1893). History of Education in Tennessee (Report Supt. of Public Instruction, 1890-91, pp. 22-60). * Consult also Mayo, above. BIBLIOGRAPHY 467 Texas X^ANE, J. J., History of Education in Texcts (Washmgton; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 2, 1903). Utah ROYLANCE, Wm. G., History of EducaHon in Utah (Report Supt. of Public In- struction, 1898^1900, pp. 46-56). Vermont * The School Reports for the following years contain valuable material regarding the school funds: 1869, pp. 133 ff.; 1874, pp. 439-440; 1890, p. 296. Bush, George Gary, History of Education in Vermont (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. 4, 1900). Virginia f Adams, Herbert B., Jefferson and the University of Virginia (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1888). Mayo, A. D., Education in Southwestern Virginia (Report United States Commis- sioner of Education, 1890-91, Chap. 24, pp. 881-921). Neill, Edward D., Virginia Carolorum, The Colony under the Rule of Charles I and II, A. D. 1625 to A. D. 1685, ^^^ upon Manuscripts and Documents of the Period (Joel Munsell's Sons, Albany, N. Y., 1886). The Past Primary School Systems of Virginia (Virginia School Report, 1871,' pp. 89-92). History of County and City Schools of Virginia (Report Supt. of Public Instruction, 1885, Part III, pp. 48-296). West Virginia Miller, Thos. C, History of Education in West Virginia (printed separately, and in Report of State Supt. of Free Schools, 1904, Charlestown, West Virginia, 1904). Morgan, Benjamin S., and Cork, J. F., West Virginia Free Schools (printed in Report of the Supt. of Free Schoob, 1891-92, pp. 1-20; also published sepa- rately, 1893, Charlestown, West Va.). Whitehill, a. R., History of Education in West Virginia (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Information, No. i, 1902). * Consult also Mayo, above. t Cf. Bibliography on South Carolina. 468 PERMANENT COMMON SCHOOL FUNDS Wisconsin Allen, William F., and Spencer, David E., Higher Educaium in Wiseomsh (Washington; United States Bureau of Education, Circular of Infonnatioa, No. I, 2889). Salisbury, Albert, Historical Sketch of Airmal Instruction in Wisconsin (White- water, Wis., 2893). WmrroKD, W. C, Historical SkeUh of Education in Wisconsin (Report SupL cf Public Instruction, 1876, pp. 322-393). I INDEX Academies, early prevalence, Mass., 5; land grants for, Ga., 248; Texas, 401; supported by permanent fmids, N. Y., 351, 354; Penn., 384; Wb., 433! see also Private schools Accounts, permanent, 7; see also Credit funds; Debts Act of 1 841, see Internal improvement under Lands Acts quoted Connecticut School Fund Acts, lygj, i79Sf 231-234 Georgia County Land Grant Act, 36 Kentucky: "Act ... for the burn- ing .. state bonds," 152*153 Massachusetts School Fund Acts, creation, 302; management, 309; apportionment, 309-310 New Mexico Luid Grant Act, 347 New York Common School Fund Act, 3S3 Ohio Conunon School Fund Act, 1S38, 375 Pennsylvania Common School Fund Act of 1786, 384; Act of 1831, 38s Tennessee Permanent School Fund Act, 396 Vermont Permanent Public School Fund Act, JQ06, 416-419; see also Constitutions; Ordinances Administration, centralization of, 1x8 Admission of States, Table XVI, 98-99 Age, school, see Apportionment Agricultural College lands, Nev., 336 Agricultural fund, balance increases permanent funds, N. C, 362 Aims of school funds, 165, 168, 171, 180, 189-190 Alabama 'unds for schools: Educational Fund, 207, 210 Permanent School Funds, 100, 109-110, 112, 153, 158, 207-212 Public School Fund, 207 School Fund, 207 Surplus Revenue Loan, 72, 74, 158, 207, 208, 209, 210, 21 X interest, unpaid, on notes, 143 lands for schools, swamp lands, 63- 64; titles in dispute, 132; section sixteen, 207, 208, 209, 211 notes unpaid, 143 Alaska, no school fund, 10; appropri- ations, federal, 24, 25, 2x3 Animal tax, devoted to public schoob, Ga., 247 Apparatus, a lawful expenditure. Ore., 382; Va., 422; Ws., 433 Apportionment of permanent school funds, 180-185; Table, 186-188; aims, 190; better methods needed, 202- 203; in Ala., 212; Ark., 220; Cal., 224, 225; Col., 227; Conn., 228, 233, 236; Del., 241; Fla., 245; Idaho, 252; 111., 257; Ind., 266; Iowa, 270; Ran., 274; Ky., 277; La., 282; Me., 292, 29s; Md., 297; Mass.2 302, 304, 309-310; Mich., 315; Mum., 126- 127, 320; Mo., 324; Miss., 326, 327; Mont., 330; Neb., 333; Nev., 337; N. H., 338; N. J., 342, 344-345; N. Y., 356, 358-359; N. Dak., 366; Ohio, 368, 375, 377; Ore., 382; Penn., 386; R. I., 388; S. Dak., 392; Tenn., 399; Tex., 405; Vt., 412, 418, 419; Va., 421; Wash., 425; W. Va., 428; Wis., 433; Wyo., 436 Appropriations, federal, Alaska, 24, 213; D. Ark., 219; Iowa, 269-270; Ky., 275, 277; Minn., 319; W. Va., 428 Back Bay lands, Mass., 304-305, 307, 308, Table XLV, 452 Balances, added to principal, Me., 291, 295; Mass., 91-92, 304, 309, 452; N. H., 338; N. Dak., 366; R. L, 91-92; W. Va., 427 Balances, reapportioned, Cal., 225; ^ N. J., 345 Baltunore & Wash. R. R., income de- voted to schools, 297 Bank fafluies involving school fimds: Ala., i44f ao8, 209; Miss., 144, 327; N. C, 144, 363; Tenn., 144. 39^- 399; Wyo., 144, 435 Bank moneys devoted to school funds: revenue, Ohio, 375; stock, Ind., Ky., N. C, N. J., Tenn., Vt-, 88; Ga., 247-248; Ky., 275, 276; Miss., 326; N. J., 343; N. C, 362; Tenn., 397; Vt., 409 Bank taxes, a source of school revenis: Ind., 31, 70, 89, loi, 262, 263; Mt, 31, 287-288, 293, 294, 447, 44S; Md., 89, 296; N. H., 340; Vt., 89, 409; see also United States Bank Tax Banks capitalized with school funds. Ark., 217; Ind., 263; Tenn., 144 Bartlett, Robert, bequest, 34 Beers, Seth P., Commissioner of Con- necticut School Fund, 235 Bequests for endowing schools: Simms» 33; Peasley, 34; Mason, 34; Hopkins, 34; Bartlett, 34 Bequests, increase permanent school funds: La., 282; Mont., 330; Nev^ 336; Ore., 381; Vt, 416; Wash., 424; W. Va., 427; see also Devises; Gifts Bequests to board of educatioa, Ga., 247 Blind school aided by swamp lands, Minn., 318 Board of Conmussbners, Sdiool and University Lands: Ark., 2x9; Kan., 273; Ore., 382; Wis., 433 Board of County Supervisors, Miss., 327 Board of Education, State: manages school funds, 1 20-1 21; Fla., 113, 245; Mo., 324; Texas, 405; Va., 421; sup- ported by permanent school fund, Va., 422 Board of Educational Lands and Funds, Neb., 333 Board of Investment, Minn., 319 Board of Land Commissioners, State, 120; Mont., 330; Utah, 407; Wash., 424 Board of School Land CommissioDers, Wyo., i20j 435 Board of Umversity and School Lands, N. Dak., 366 Board, teachers', see Teadbers' board Boards managing school funds, com- position, 1 20-1 21 Bonds, as securities: county. Ark., 216; Cal., 222; Mont., 329; Neb., 332; S. Dak., 391 ; Tex., 400; W. Va., 426; Vfyo,, 434; foreign, Minn., 316; INDEX 471 district, Id., 251; N. Dak., 365; Ore., 380; Utah, 406; W. Va., 426; Wis., 429; Wyo., 434; state, Ark., 216; Cal., 222; Del., 238; Fla., 243; Idaho, 251; Ky., 276; Md., 296; Minn., 316; Mont., 329; Neb., 332; Nev., 33s; S. Dak., 391; Tex., 400; Vt., 415; Va., 420; town, Mass., 299; S. Dak., 391; Vt., 415; United States, Fla., 243; Neb., 332; Nev., 33S; Vt., 415; irredeemable, Nev., 335; municipal, Cal., 222; Mass., 299; Minn., 316; Mont., 329; S. Dak., 391; Utah, 406; Vt., 415; Va., 426; railroad, Mass., 299, 305; school district, Mont., 329; S. Dak., 391; Tex., 400; Utah, 406; Vt, 415; W. 