None
absolute force of, 52 application of weights to, 55 carbohydrates of, 40 cardiac, 72 Shae in blood passing through, changes in shape, 49 chemical changes in, 64 chemistry of, 39 death of, 72 duration of contraction, 52 electrical changes in, 638 electrical condition of, 42 extensibility of, 41, 64 fatigue, 53 heat production in, 42, 61 latent period of contraction, 52 minimum stimulus, 54 optimum load, 60 optimum stimulus, 54 physical characters of, 41 proteins of, 39 respiration of excised muscle, 65 skeletal, 37 spindles, 107 stimulation by galvanic current, 47 stimulation by induced _ elec- tricity, 48 storage of food in, 386 structure of, 37 successive stimuli, 56 temperature effects, 54 visceral, 37, 70 visceral, staircase contraction of, 71, 72 voluntary contraction, 57 wave of contraction, 50 work, 59 F Muscles, co-operative antagonism of, 58 Muscular sense (see Sense), 107 work, effect on excreta, 67 Myelocytes, 207 é : Myogenic movements of intestine, 375 Myoglobulin, 39 Myohematin, 41 Myoids, 14, 37 Myopia, 127 Myosin, 39 Myosinogen, 39 Myostromin, 39 Myxcedema, 408 Naunyn’s observations on cholesterin, 368 Near point of vision, 124 Necrobiosis, 6 Nerve cells, 74 458 Nerve cells, function of, 85 centres (see Centres) corpuscles, 75 fibres, 75 fibres, medullary sheaths of, 75 fibres, non-medullated, 75 specific energy of, 118 Nerves, 73 et seq. afferent, 82 auditory, 144; cochlear root of, 144 ; vestibular root of, 144 augmentor, §2 efferent, 82 excito-motor, 83 excito-reflex, 83 excito-secretory, 83 factors modifying conduction in, 81 inhibitory, 82 - mixed, 83 motor, 82 nature of impulse in, 84 physiology of, 77 rate of conduction in, 80 secretory, 82 sensory, 83 spinal (see Spinal nerves) vaso-constrictor, 82, 280 vaso-dilator, 280 Nervi erigentes, 155, 281, 376, 427 Nervous mechanism, intra-cardiac, 252 system, 156 e¢ seq. Neural canal, 435 Neurilemma, 75 Neuroglia, 436 Neuro-keratin, 76 Neuro-muscular mechanism, 87 e¢ seq. fatigue of, 99 Neurons, 436 classification of, 81 excitability of, 78 extent of excitability of, 83 ingoing, 79 manifestation of activity of, 78 outgoing, 79 stimulation of, 78 Neutral sulphur in urine, 420 Nicotine, effect of painting ganglia _ with, 152, 347 Nictitating membrane, 120 Ninth nerve, 155, 172 Nissl’s degeneration, 86 granules, 75, 85, 189 Nitrites, effect on blood pressure, 277 Nitrogen in the blood, 216 } in the urine, 415 ef seq. Nodal swellings, 17 Nodes of Ranvier, 76 Nuclei of the cranial nerves, 171 of the posterior columns, 88 INDEX Nucleins, 11 Nucleo-protein in the urine, 422 Nucleolus, .16 Nucleo-proteins, 369 action of gastric juice on, 352 action of trypsin on, 362 Nu-leus, 16 e¢ seq. cuneatus, 168 gracilis, 168 OccrPITAL lobe, 193 Oculomotor nerve, 136, 172 Esophagus, 338 application of a stethoscope to, 348 peristaltic action of, 348 Cistrous cycle, 433 Oleic acid, 29 Olein, 29, 333 Olfactory bulb, 116 tracts, 116 Olive, the, 167 Omasum, 340 Ophthalmoscope, 122 Opsonins, 413 Optic chiasma, 137 disc, 120 nerve, 120 radiation, 193 thalamus (see Thalamus) Organ of Corti, 143 Organic acids as salts in food, 327 Organs of Golgi, 107 Osazones, 330 Osmosis, 380 Osmotic pressure, 210 Ossification, process of, 32 e¢ seg. centre of, 34 Otic ganglion, 347 Ovary, 408, 432 Ovum, 433 Oxalates, 204 Oxalic acid, 422, 445 Oxy-acids, 445 : Oxygen in blood, 215 ‘ Oxyhemoglobin, 210 Oxyntic cells, 339 Oxyphil leucocytes, 297 Pacers of horse, 100 _ Pain, sensation of, 106 Palmitic acid, 29 Palmitin, 29, 333 Pancreas, 343, 410 removal of, 388, 410 ' Pancreatic secretion, 361 ; secretion, action of, 361 secretion, character of, 361 physiology of, 364 Papillary muscles, 229 _ Paracasein, caleic, 383, 352 INDEX 459 Paradoxical contraction, 81 Paralysis of laryngeal nerves, 325 Paramyosinogen, 39 cate Boag 408 | Parotid gland, 338 nerve supply, 347 reflex stimulation of, 347 Partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood, 315 pressure of gasesin air vesicle, 317 Passage of carbon dioxide from tissues to blood, 320 of oxygen from blood to tissues, 319 Pavlov, effect of diet on gastric juice, pancreatic fistulae, 362 Penis, 434 Pepsin, 72, 353 fate of, 373 source of; 353 Pepsinogen, 353 Peptic glands, 339 Peptone, 11, 205, 351, 361 Perfusion method of studying action of drugs, 278 Pericardium, 227 Perichondrium, 31 Perilymph, 142, 148 Perineurium, 76 Peripheral resistance, 276 Peristalsis of bladder wall, 427 of intestine, 375 nervous mechanism of, 375 of wall of ureter, 427 wave of, 71 Petrosal nerve, small superficial, 347 Peyer’s patches, 341 Pfliiger’s experiments on protein diet, 395 - law of contraction, 81 Phagocyte action, 203 Pharynx, 338 nerve supply of, 343 Phenol, 372, 418 Phenylhydrazin, 330 Phloridzin, injection of, 387 poisoning, 389 Phosphocarnic acid, 333 Phospho-protein, 431 Phosphorus-containing bodies in the urine, 420 e¢ seg. | Phototaxis, 15 Phrenic nerves, 306 Pigment cells, 30 Pigments of the urine, 421 Pillars of the fauces, 338 Pilocarpine, effect on sweat glands, | 430 Pitch of sounds, 146, 325 Pituitary body, 406 injection of extracts of, 406 Placenta, 438 Plasma, 202 et seg. Plasmodia, 1 Plethysmograph, 277 Pleura, complemental, 299 Pleural cavity, 295 Plexus, hypogastric, 154 Auerbach’s, 343 Meissner’s, 343 Pohl’s observations on leucocytosis, 380 Polar excitation, law of, 46 Polycrotic waves, 266 pulse, 268 ss gona of monosaccharids, 33 Polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes (see Leucocytes) Polysaccharids, 331 Pons Varolii, 173 Portal circulation, 343 vein, 343 Positive accommodation, 124 et seg. accommodation, varying power of, 124 Posterior corpora quadrigemina, 179 Poteriodendron, 73 Precipitins, 413 Predicrotic wave, 266 Preformed sulphate in urine, 418 Preganglionic fibres, 152 Presbyopia, 127 Pressure, arterial, 272 arterial, factors controlling, 276 Primitive nerve sheath, 75 Propionic acid, 445 Prostate gland, 433 _ Protagon, 76 Protein metabolism, 392 _ Proteins, 6 et seq. as they leave the alimentary canal, 379 of blood, 204, 206 conjugated, 11 conversion into fat, 386 diet, 395 energy value of, 328 native, 10 requirements, 400 sparers, 397 | Proteolytic period, 351 Proteoses, 11 Prothrombin, 204 Protopathic sensibility, 111 Protoplasm, 1 ef seq. cell, 13 Proto-proteoses, 11, 351 460 Proximate principles, 327 sources of, 332 *Pseudoglobulin, 206 Pseudopodia, 208. Ptomaines, 373 Ptyalin, 345 fate of, 373 Puberty, 432 Pulmonary valve, 234 Pulse, anacrotic, 268 arterial, 262 capillary, 270 cause of, 262. characters of wave, 268 form of wave, 264, 269 height of wave, 264 high tension, 269 length of wave, 264 palpation of, 268 rate of, 268 rate, 268 rhythm, 268 tension, 269 velocity of wave, 263 venous (see Venous pulse) volume of, 268 Pulsus celer, 269 parvus, 268 plenus, 268 tardus, 269 Pupil, 119 contraction of, 125 Purin bodies, 391, 416 bodies, endogenous genous, 417 Purkinje’s cells, 175 images, 129 Pyloric end of the stomach, 339 Pyramidal tracts, 166 Pyramids of the medulla, 170 Pyrocatechin, 420 and e€xo- QUADRIURATES, 417 RapDIATION of heat from skin, 383 Radicals, organic, 443. Ranvier, nodes of, 76 Reaction, 99 of degeneration, 48 Receptaculum chyli, 380 Reception of stimuli, 191 Recti muscles (eye), 135 Rectum, 341 Recurrent laryngeal nerve, 254, 325 Red marrow of bone, 217, 218 Red nuclei, 176, 180 Reduced alkaline hematin, 213 Reflex action, 87, 90 F function of the spinal cord, 158 Refraction of light, 122 | INDEX Reid on absorption, 379 Relation of hemoglobin and derivations, 214 Remak’s ganglion, 252 Rennet, 333 Rennin, 352 source of, 853 Reproduction, 432 Reserve air, 303 Residual air, 303 contraction period of (see Systole) Respiration, 294 ef seq. effect on air breathed of, 313 effect on the blood, 314 at high altitudes, 307, 318 influence of heart’s action on, 310 internal, 319 mechanism of, 294 et seq. movements in (special), 302 nervous mechanism of, 306 physiology of, 296 rhythm of, 305 Respiratory centre, 306 action of, 306 effect of absence of oxygen on, 307 effect of accumulation of waste products in the blood, 307 effect of carbon dioxide on, 307 effect of temperature of animal on, 310 E modifications in activity of, 307 Respiratory interchange, extent of, its 320. interchange, factors modifying, 320, 321 7 quotient, 314 quotient, effect of diet on, 321 Restiform bodies, 167 Rete testis, 433 Reticulum, 340. Retina, 121 ef seq. blood vessels of, 122 nature of changes in, 130 stimulation of, 128 rods and cones of, 121 Retractor oculi, 135 : Rhythmic contraction of the heart, 250 contraction, propagation of, 251 contraction, starting mechanism of, 251 Rigor mortis, 72 Riva Rocci B.P. apparatus, 274 Rolandic area, 199, 200 - Rolando (see Fissure) Roof nucleus of the cerebellum, 175 Roots of the spinal nerves, 150 Roy’s cardiometer, 249 Rumen, 340 SACCHAROMYCES cerevise, 2 Saccule, 142 Saliva, 344 functions of, 344 influence of chorda tympani in secretion of, 346 physiology of, 345 reflex stimulation of secretion, 346 stimulation of sympathetic effect on, 346 Salivary glands, 338 glands, nerve supply, 345 Salts of the bile acids, 367, 371 fate of, 373 Sanson’s images, 125 Sarcolactic acid, 40, 65 Sarcolemma, 37, 38 Sarcous substance, 38 Scala media, 142 Schifer’s investigations of - functions, 196 Schwann, white sheath of, 75 Sciatic nerve, 281 Sclerotic, 119 Sclero-proteins, 12, 329 Sebaceous glands, 430 Secretin, 365 Secretion, internal, 404 et seq. brain | Sectional area of circulatory system, © 226 Semen, 433 Semicircular canals, 142 ef seg. canals, physiology of, 147 Semilunar valves, 232 valves, action of, 243 Seminiferous tubules, 433 Sensation, 105 colour, 131 physiology of colour, 131 production of colour, 132 of hunger, 106 of pain, 106 of smell, 115 of taste, 113 of thirst, 105 visual, 138 Sense (The Senses), 104 ef seg. of acceleration and retardation of motion, 147 joint and muscle, 107 et seq., 147 special, 108 ef seq. of smell, 115 tactile, 108 of taste, 113 temperature, 110 visual, 116 et seq. Sensibility, common, 105 Septo-marginal tract, 167 Serum, 203 et seq. | Serum albumin, 204, 206 globulin, 204, 206 | Seventh cranial nerve, 172 (see Facial) Sexual organs, development of, 432 organs, removal of, 432 Side chain theory (see Ehrlich) Sighing, 302 Sinus of Valsalva, 233 Sixth nerve (see Abducens) Skatol, 371, 372, 875, 418 Skatoxyl-sul phate of potassium, 418 Skin, excretion by, 428 Sleep, 190 respiratory changes during, 321 Small intestine, 340 Smell, 115 centre for, 196 mechanism of, 116 physiology of, 116 Snake toxin, 411 Sneezing, 302 Somatopleur, 150, 436 | Sound perception, 145 | Sounds of the heart (see Heart) | Space, Haversian, 34 Specific nerve energy, 118 | Spectrum analysis, 211 | Spermatoblasts, 433 _ Spermatogen, 433 Spermatozoa, 433 development of, 433 | Sphincter ani, 341, 376 pupille, 120 trigonalis, 427 Sphygmograph, 265 tracings, 265 Sphygmometer, 274 Spinal accessory nerve, 171 cord, 157 et seq. cord, conducting paths in, 161 cord, dorsal columns of, 163 cord, grey matter of, 158 cord, reflex function of, 158 cord, section of one side of, 161 ‘* Spinal dog,” 92 Spinal nerves, 149 nerves, roots of, 150 Splanchnic area, 290 influence on respiration, 309 Splanchnopleur, 150, 436 Spleen, 220 Spot, blind, 128 Staircase contraction, 250 Stannius’ experiment, 252 Stapedius muscle, 140 Stapes, 140 Starches, 330 Stearic acid, 29 Stearin, 29, 333 Stenosis, 248 462 Stercobilin, 374 Stewart’s method of estimating time taken in cirtulation, 293 * Stimulus, 99 Stomach, 339 of horse, 339 of ruminant, 340 during fasting, 350 during feeding, 350 importance in digestion, 357 movements of, 355 nervous mechanism of, 357, rate of passage of food from, 356 vascular changes, 350 Storage of surplus food, 385 Storing mechanism (cerebral), 198 Stromulir, 288. Sublingual gland, 338 gland, verve supply, 346 Submaxillary gland, 338 gland, nerve supply, 346 Succus entericus, 365 - entericus, action of, 365 entericus, nervous mechanism of secretion, 366 Sulcus centralis, 199 Sulphur-containing bodies urine, 418 e¢ seq. Superior oblique muscle, 135 Suprarenal bodies, 404 extract of, 277, 279, 389 medulla, 404 metabolism after injection of, 405 Suspensory ligament of eye, 120 Swallowing, 348 Sweat, chemistry of, 430 evaporation, 383 glands, 428 nervous mechanism of secretion of, 429 sympathetic fibres to the heart, 256 Synapsis, 74 System, Haversian, 35 Systole of heart, 235, 237 latent period, 245 - period of overflow, 245 period of residual contraction, 245 Systolic pressure, 274 in the TACTILE sense, 108 Tapetum nigrum, 121 Tartaric acid, 327 Taste, 113 et seq. bulbs, 113 centre for, 196 mechanism of, 113 physiology of, 114 INDEX Taurocholic acid, 367 Tegmentum, 180 * Temperature, 382, 384 ef seq. : - in cold-blooded animals, 384 in hibernating animals, 384 ~ -in warm-blooded animals, 384 2 regulation, 382 e¢ seq. ; “ variations in, 384 ‘ p Temporo-sphenoidal lobe, 197 h- Tension of gas in a fluid, 315 of the vocal cords, 325 Tensor tympani muscle, 140, 141. Tenth nerve (see Vagus) : Testis, 408, 433 sg Tetanus, complete, 57 incomplete, 56 Thalamus opticus, 180, 193 Thermal sense, 110 : Thermotaxis, 16 ; Third nerve, 154, 172, 136 call Thrombin, 204 ; ; Thrombokinase, 204 Thymus gland, 205, 409 etfect of castration on, 410 removal of, 410 Thyroid cartilage, 323 _ gland, 406 administration of extracts of, — 406. removal of (thyroidectomy), 406 me Tidal air, 303 ; Tissue, adipose, 28 areolar, 27 _ cancellous, 33 ; connective, 25 et seq. fibrous, 25 lymph, 30 mucoid, 25 vegetative, 20 et seq. Tongue, 338 Tonometer, 274 Tonsil, 338 ~N Torricellian vacuum, 214 Touch, centre for, 197 — Toxic action, 411 ef seq. ; Trabecule, 34 Tricrotic pulse, 266 <: Tricuspid valve, 232 a, area, 247 a Trigeminal nerve, 172 Trochlearis nerve, 172 Trophoblast, 437 Trot, 101 Trypsin, 361 fate of, 873 Trypsinogen, 364 Tryptophane, 361 ‘Tubular glands of stomach, 339 Tubules, secretion in kidney, 425 Tunica albuginea, 433. INDEX Twelfth nerve, 171 | Tympanic cavity, 140 Typhoid toxin, 412 Tyrosin, 8, 361, 365 UMBILICAL arteries, 439 veins, 438 Unilateral stimulation, 15, 16 Urates, 417 Urea, 329, 390, 392, 415 - of blood, 216 effect of drugs on formation of, 391 source of, 391 ’ Urethra, 427 Uric acid, 207, 417, 426, 447 Urinary bladder, 427 nerves of, 427 Urine, 414 et seq. excretion of, 427 method of estimating solids in, 414 micro-organisms in, 415 - non-urea nitrogen in, 416 of herbivora, 415 pigments of, 421 secretion of, 423 Urobilin, 421 Urochrome, 421 Uroerythrin, 422 ’ Uterus, 437 centre for contractions of, 441 Utricle, 142 VACUOLES, 13 Vagus, 155, 172 cardiac branches, 254 ef seq. _ frog’s, 253 _ gastric branches, 281 ' effect on respiration of section, 307 et seq. effect on respiration of stimulation, 308 et seq. Valsalva, sinus of, 233 Valve, ileo-cecal, 341 Valves of the heart, 231 et seg. action of, 242 aortic, 233 auriculo-ventricular, 231 Mitral and Tricuspid) mitral, 231 pulmonary, 234 semilunar, 232 (see Aortic and Pulmonary) Vas deferens, 433 deferens, ligature of, 432 Vasa efferentia, 433 Vaso-constrictor centre, 282 centres, secondary, 283 (see 463 Vaso-constrictor nerves, 280 Vaso-dilator centre, 283 nerves, 280 ; Vaso-motor centre (see Centre) mechanism, 278 nerves, 278 nerves, section of, 278 Vegetables, as food, 335 Veins, pressure in, 240, 261, 286 umbilical (see Umbilical) ‘Vena cava, inferior (feetal), 439 superior (foetal), 439 Venous pulse, 270 - pulse, normal, 271 Ventricles of the heart, 227 contraction of, 280 left, 228 muscular structure of, 228 pressure in, 240 right, 230 Veratrin, effect on muscular contrac- tion, 54 Vermiform appendix, 341 : Vernon on erepsin in the tissues, 366 Vesicular sound, 304 Vestibule of the ear, 141 Vestibular root of the eighth nerve, 144, 175 Vibrations, light, 131 Vieussens, annulus of, 256 Villi, chorionic, 437 of intestine, 340 Vision, 116 et seq. binocular, 134 far point of, 124 field of, 129 monocular, 122 e¢ sey. near point of, 124 theories of colour, 133 Visual centre, 137, 193 Vital action of endothelium of capil- laries, 318 Vital capacity of the thorax, 303 Vitreous humour, 120 Vocal cords (false and true), 323 Voice, 323 et seq. Volition, 199 Voluntary actions, 98 centres, 199 Vomiting, 358 in horse, 359 centre, 358 WALK, 100 Wallerian degeneration method, 165 Waste, rate of (during fasting), 393 Water in food-stuffs, 326 Weigert’s method of nerve-staining, 85, 165 Whey-albumin, 333, 351 — 464 Jers INDEX 5 vi . \ XANTHIN, 334, 417 ows nulosa, 433 ; X rays in the examination of the pellucida, 433 — oe stomach, 355 . Bunt on exertion of CO, in the de Be of the intestine, Le eae et BO P . ; ne grand on muscle worl, \ i: Zymin, * “381 + oe Seas » Yawnine, 302 ; _ secreting epithelium, 1.) Yeast, 2, 330 . Zama, 24 a ERRATA | a Page 12, line 5, for ‘‘ (p. 427)” read “ (p. 416).” dy oyso= 9a: 15, for = lp, 28)" send **(p230).” 7 y 1, 18, ,, 28, for ‘(p. 28)” read “ (p, 24).” : — 5, 20, lines 11, 12, for “‘ (fig. 176, p. 447)” read “‘ (fig. 170, p. 495)" — »,° 29, last line, for ‘‘ (p. 393)” read ‘‘(p. 332).” 00; line 10, for ‘‘ p. 344” read “ p. 380,” : 58, ,, 12, delete from the word “‘ opposing” to end of caien aan insert ee group, which fix the joint from which the movement is =e ~ a >, 62, line 22, for ‘‘ (p. 339)” read “* (p. 327).” ey yy 9399-25, for ‘* (p. 841)” read **(p. 328).” _ 5 ‘ | ie : va PRINTED BY NEILL AND 0O., LTD., EDINBURGH. — aoa ey rr. LOS > a f+ a a a ee tee te ee tee ~" 3 *squepnys ATeup S454 IOT £5 sneeees te d TRON PFuSTa *Gogez” az0yyny opotsfyd J° S[TeTuess7 °DEL ee i bic ies ciacele BRC EPE 4, Ay ig xe . ee. » » << ‘ ae : es i + - ee ~~ rw on et, ee ee. ee a Ae ore. Pp oe ee, eee EEE, eee eT ~ ae Gee or ? he Seo eo ee =, z 2 sees oe 2 oy Sie "ott Sesrery pete oi S * Se CLEAR AS oe eS Pe rete i 5 43 we ot 5 ve oe ae, a Re ae, we — Be ne eS pase set ioe earn — ‘ haveite ~s - ee TN, ~, ae ' ns, *, J ee ee 2, -, ae ve. Me ae oa ee. 