None
Ill Sump holes in oil drilling, i, 248 INDEX 997 Sunbury shale, relation to Berea sand, i, 32 Sundance formation, i, 12, 20, 119 Sunnybrook oil field, Ky., i, 93 Sunset oU field, Calif., i, 82, 83, 542 Superheated steam, properties, table, ii, 795, 796 specific heat, ii, 811 Super heater, refinery, ii, 292 Surakhany, Russia, oil analysis, i, 581 Surakhany oil field, Russia, i, 27, 50 Surface indications of petroleum, i, 3, 167 Surface mapping, i, 172 Surface structures, petroleum geology, i, 174 Surveys, pipe line, i, 406 Sviatoi oil field, Russia, 1, 127 Swab, oil well, i, 313 Swabbing, oil well, i, 313 Sweating, refinery, ii, 373 wax plant, ii, 199 Sweating building, refinery, ii, 231 Sweating pan, wax plant, ii, 199 Sweden, oil and gas, i, 136 oil shale, i, 848 Swedge, casing, i, 288 Sweet distillate, ii, 369 Sweetening, ii, 323, 324, 334 Sweetwater County, Wyo., oil, i, 573 Swing pipe, bleachers, ii, 38, 72, 73 tanks, u, 32-37, 66-75, 107 Swing-pipe winch, steel tanks, ii, 107 "Swinging nipple," use with gushers, i, 312 Switzerland, bitumen, i, 792 oil and gas, i, 136 Swivel, rotary, i, 261 Swivel joints, oil burners, ii, 480 Sycamore oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Sylvestrine, i, 510 Sjrm-diphenyl ethylene, i, 516 Synclinal structures, oU geology, i, 45, 47 Synclines, United States oil fields, i, 79 Syria, oil, i, 144 Tabasco oil field, Mexico, i, 124 Tachira formation, Venezuela, i, 152 Taft oil field, Calif., standard casing require- ments, i, 221 Tag closed tester, flash point determination, oU, i, 624, 631 Tagiiabue, Baum6 gravity, i, 595 Tagliabue open tester, for oil, i, 623 Tabliabue temperature control apparatus, ii, 374 Talc, grease filler, ii, 674 Tallow, melting point, ii, 806 saponification number, i, 711 Tallow oil, addless, ii, 658 Tamaulipas, Mexico, bitumen, i, 792 Tamasopo limestone, Mexico, i, 12, 20, 63, 124, 126 Tampalachi, Mexico, oil seepage, i, 64 Tampico oil field, Mexico, i, 124 Tamping, in shooting well, i, 297 Taneha-Jenka-Red Fork-Glenn Pool oil field, OkU., i, 104 Tanhuijo oU field, Mexico, i. 124, 125, 674 Tank, acid, refinery, ii, 36, 76 air, Diesel engine, ii, 576 air, high pressure, ii, 78 air, refinery, ii, 78 capacity formula, ii, 99 capacity table, ii, 770, 772 filling, refinery, ii, 75 fire protection of, ii, 316 lye, refinery, ii, 40, 77 oil, locomotive, ii, 487 refinery, ii, 91, 212, 239 run-down, refinery, ii, 74 six-ring steel, ii, 102, 104, 105 steel, refinery, standard dimensions, ii, 92 steel roof, specifications and contract, ii, 101 storage, concrete, ii, 127 storage, refinery, ii, 31, 32, 34, 35, 65 working, refinery, ii, 70, 71, 72 Tank car shipments, natural-gas gasoline, i, 757 Tank cars, asphalt, i, 814 specifications, i, 359, 361 Tank heads, tank cars, i, 362 Tank measurements, ii, 134, 136 Tank spacing, refinery storage, insurance rates, ii, 85 Tank steamer, i, 371 Tank steel specifications, standard, ii, 116 Tank wagons, i, 359 Tankage, concrete, refinery, ii, 86 skimming plant, ii, 19 standard steel, ii, 87 underground, refinery, ii, 86 Tape, steel, i, 181 Tar, in cracking, ii, 432 in lubricants, ii, 661 precipitation test, petroleum products, i, 588 refinery, ii, 341 Tar agitators, ii, 186, 191 Tar plug, crude stills, ii, 43 Tar sand, Kentucky, i, 94 Tar sands, Canada, i, 5, 123 Tar springs, Athabaska, Can., i, 121 Tar stills, u, 329 Tar tests, for petroleum products, i, 714 Tar treating, refinery, ii, 371 998 INDEX Tarentum oil field. Pa., i, 110 Tarry solids, in cylinder oils, ii, 662 Tatmania, bitumen, i, 793 oU shale, i, 166, 834. 847 Taylor County, Tex., Canyon formation, i, 28 Cisco formation, i, 28 Taylor County, W. Va., oil, i, 116 Taylorstown oil field, Pa., i, 110 Tcheleken oil field, Russia, i, 127 Teeter oil field, Kans., i, 91 Tehuantepec oil field, Mexico, i, 124, 125 Tejon formation, i, 12, 17, 83 Telescopic hand level, i, 179, 182 Telfair County, Ga., oil, i, 84 Temperanceville oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Temperature, adsoxption, relation to pressure and boiling point, i, 748 bearing lubrication, ii, 640 conversion tables, ii, 801 cylinders, lubrication, ii, 653 determination by color, tables, ii, 804, 806 lubricants, ii, 632, 646 lubricants, relation to viscosity, ii, 632 observed, i, 598 steam, ii, 794 Temperature control, sweating, ii, 374 "cracking" oil shale, i, 864 Temperature corrections, Baum6 gravity, petroleum, table, ii, 836, 838 specific gravity, table, ii, 835, 837 Temperature curves, viscosity steam cylinder oUs, ii, 654 Tempering, filters, ii, 378 Tenacity, metals, ii, 815 Tenneuee, Chattanooga shale, i, 34 Mississippian series, i, 29 natural gas, consumption and production statistics, i, 352, 354 oU, i, 111 oil production statistics, i, 331, 356 oU shale, i, 834, 839 Tensile strength, iron and steel, ii, 816 pipes, ii, 527 Tension test, boiler steel, ii, 144 pipe, ii, 551 structural steel, ii, 116, 122 Tensleep sandstone, i, 13, 22, 98 Tepetate oil field, Mexico, i, 124, 125 Terpene isomers, i, 514 Terpene (monocyclic), i, 510 Terpenes, i, 514 oxidation, i, 458 Texpinene, i, 510 Texpinolene, i, 510 Terraces, structural, i, 55, 73 United SUtes oil fields, i, 79 Terrebonne gas field. La., i, 95, 96 Terre Haute oil field, Ind., i, 89, 544 Tertiary sediments, contact with igneous rocks, i, 64 volcanic plugs, i, 63 Tertiary system, Alaska, i, 80 Borneo, i, 162 California, i, 82, 83 geographic occurrence, i, 11 Greece, i, 137 Idaho, i, 86 Louisiana, i, 95 Mexico, i, 124 New South Wales, i, 164 oil shale, i, 873, 890 oil strata, i, 12, 14, 16 Persia, i, 142 Porto Bico, i, 161 Queensland, i, 166 Switserland, i, 136. Tennessee, i. Ill Texas, i, 114 Trinidad, i, 159, 160 United States oil fields, i, 79 Venezuela, i, 152 Test, absorption, gasoline in natural gas. i, 761 charcoal, gasoline in natural gas, i, 763 compression, gasoline in natural gas, i, 760 internal combustion engine, ii, 548 pipe, ii, 526 pipe, flattening, ii, 551 pipe, hydrostatic, ii, 551 pipe, tension, ii, 551 tank cars, i, 364 tank steel, ii, 116 Vickers submarine Diesel engine, ii, 604 Testing methods, petroleum, i, 587 petroleum products, i, 589 specific gravity, i, 594 Testing, oil tankers, i, 376 Tetracosane, i, 470 Tetradecanaphthene, i, 500 Tetradecane, i, 468, 470, 533 Tetradecylene, i, 476 Tetraethyl bensol (sym 1, 2, 4, 5), i. 488 Tetrahydro-cardinene, i, 514 Tetrahydroferulene, i, 514 Tetrahydronaphthalene, i, 608 Tetramethyl bensol, i, 484 Tetramethyl-l, 2, 3, 4 bensol, i, 484 Tetramethyl butane, i, 466 Tetramethyl ethylene, i, 474 B-tetramethyl menthene, i, 478 Tetramethyl methane, i, 460 Tetramethyl propane, i, 464 Tetraphenyl ethane, i, 518 Tetraphenyl ethylene, i, 518 Tetratiiacontane, i, 472 INDKX 999 Tezftfl, alluvium, i, 12 • Amarillo gas fields, i, 21 Annona chalk, i, 19 Anticlinal and synclinal structures, i, 47 Austin group, i, 19 Bend limestone, i, 13, 31 bitumen, i, 791 Brockenridge oil field, i, 31 Burkburnett oil field, i, 28, 320 Burkbumett oil field, drilling system, i, 202 Caddo (Stephens County) oil field, i, 31 Cambrian system, i, 40 Canyon formation, i, 28 casing (rotary drilling), requirements, i, 221 Cisco formation, i, 28 coastal, oil production statisUcSj i, 337, 356 Desdemona oil field, i, 31 Duke sand, i^ 31 Edwards limestone, i, 12 Electra oU field, i, 21, 22, 28, 47 Gordon sand, i, 31 Jones sand, i, 31 Marble Falls limestone, i, 31 Mexia oil field, i, 20, 60 monocUnal nos^, i, 55, 60 mud volcanoes, i, 7 Nacatoch sand, i, 12 natural gas consimiption and production statistics, i. 352, 354 natural-gas gasoline, statistics, i, 786 northern and central, oil production sta- tistics, i, 336, 356 oQ, i, 114 oil, nitrogen in, i, 530 oil production, per well per day, i, 349 oil production statistics, i, 341, 356 oil, refining, ii, 79 oil shale, i, 848 oil strata, i, 12 oil, sulphur in, i, 526 oil, sulphur with, i, 8 oil, typical distillation, ii, 355 oil, tjrpical gravities, continuous stills, ii, 328 oil wells, number of, i, 349 Pennsylvanian series, i, 22, 28 Permian series, i, 21 Petrolia oil field. 1, 22, 59 Quaternary system, i, 12, 16 Ranger oil field, i, 31 rotary drilling system, i, 251 saline domes, i, 59 salt with oil, i, 8 Saratoga chalk, i, 19 Spindle top well, i, 252 Strawn formation, i, 29 Texas, terraces, structural, i, 57 Trinity sand, i, 90 Veale sand, i, 31 WichiU County oil fields, i, 21, 22 Wichita formation, i, 22 Woodbine sand, i, 12, 20 Texas canvas packer, i, 293 Thamesville oil field, Ontario, Can., i, 122, 123 Thasrer oil field. Kans., i, 91, 546 Thermal capacity, ii, 810 Thermal efficiency, ii, 530 Diesel engine, ii. 560, 582 Thermal units, ii, 808 Thermo dynamics, ii, 523 Thermometer, scales, comparison, ii, 832 Cleveland open cup tester, i, 627 flash and fire test, oil, i, 626 specifications, Pensky-Martens flash tester, i, 634 specifications, Sa^bolt Universal Viscosi- meter, i, 644 specifications, Tag closed tester, i, 630 testing oil, i, 592 viscosity determination, oil, i, 626, 643 Thief, oU, i. 424 Thiophanes, in petroleum, i, 527 Third Mountain sand, i. 33 "Third" sand, i, 35 Thirty-foot sand, i, 33 Thirty oil, ii, 357 Thomas electric natural-gas meter, i, 435 Thomas Fork oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Thomas Morse Liberty gasoline engine, ii, 618 Thorn Creek oil field, Pa., i, 110 ThraU oU field, Tex., i. 113. 114, 563 Threading, pipe, ii, 550, 552 Threads, dies, ii, 544 standard, for tubular goods, i, 301 Three-four oil field, Okla., i, 104 Three-throw pumps, ii, 207 Throat, threading die, ii. 539 Thurston gas field, Ohio, i, 100 Tidioute oil field. Pa., i, 110 Tiffin oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Tiger Flats oU field, Okla., i, 104 Tiger Mountain gas field, Okla., i, 104 Tilbury oU field, Ontario, Can., i, 122, 123 Timor, bitumen, i, 793 oil, i, 163 Tin, latent heat of fusion, ii, 823 melting point, ii, 807 radiation and reflection of heat, ii, 824 specific heat, ii, 811, 812 Tin plate, weights and gages, table, ii, 779 Tiona sand, i, 36, 108 Titicaca oil field, Peru, i, 148 1000 INDEX TitusviUe oU field, Pa., i. 110 Tolane, i, 516 Toluol (toluene), i, 480 hydrocarbon solvent, i, 536 Tonnage, oil tankers, i, 374 Tool joints, rotary, i, 259, 262 standard, i, 225, 230 Tools, fishing, i, 274 pipe line, i, 400 TopiU oU field, Meadco, i, 124, 125, 574 drilling methods, i, 202 Top-slicing caving method, oil shale mining, 1,856 Topography, oil geology, i, 169 Topping, refinery, ii, 323, 324, 326, 328 Topping plants, ii, 82, 83 Tops, refinery, ii, 324, 338 Torchlight sandstone, i, 98 Toronto gas pool, Ohio, i, 100 Toronto oil field, Kansas, i, 01 Total immersion thermometers, i, 592 Tower bridge, condenser boxes, ii, 52, 54, 56 Tower stiUs, ii, 213, 325, 333 Towers, refinery, ii, 92, 184, 219 steam still, ii, 49 Towl, Forrest M., i, 359 Toyah oil field. Tex., i, 113 Tractor engines, horse-power formula, ii, 622 Trammel Creek oil field, Ky., i, 93 Transformer oils, sludge tests, i, 705 Transmission machinery, oil shale plant, i, 861 Transmission of heat, air to water, ii, 829 steam to water, ii, 828, 829 Transmitted light for petroleum examination, i, 662 Transportation, methods for petroleum, i, 359 natural gas, i, 432 natural-gas gasoline, i, 757, 759 pipe-line regulations, i, 428 wax, ii, 375 Transportation losses, pipe line, i, 425 Transverse framing system, tank vessel con- struction, i, 373 TransylTSnia, bitumen, i, 792 oil, gas, and mud volcanoes, i, 131 Trap rock, oil in, i, 66 Traps, oil well, i, 313 refinery, ii, 242 Traverses, i, 177, 198 Traversing, in mapping, i, 195 Travis CJounty, Tex., oil, i, 662 Treating, fire precautions, ii, 409 refinery, ii, 367 typical time schedule, ii, 370 Trenton Umestons, i, 15, 39, 40, 79, 86, 88, 102, 103, 121 sulphur in, i, 526 Trenton series, i, 13, 15, 94 Triacontane, i, 472 Triangulation, mapping, i, 197 Triassic system, geographic distribution, i, 11 Jugo-Slavia, i, 134 New South Wales, i, 164 North Carolina, i, 102 oil shale, i, 834, 846 oil strata, i, 12, 14 Queensland, i, 166 South Africa, i, 158 Wyoming, i, 119 Trickham oil field, Tex., i, 113 Tricosane, i, 470 a-Tricyclodecane, i, 522 b-Tricydodecane, i, 522 Tridecane, i, 468 Tridecylene, i, 476 Triethyl bensol (sym), 1-, 3-, 5-, i, 488 Triethyl methane, i, 464 Trimethy], 1-, 1-, 5, i, 478 Trimethyl, anthracene, 1, 3, 6, i, 514, 516 Trimethyl, anthracene, 1, 2, 4, i, 516 Trimethyl, anthracene, 1, 4, 6, i, 514 Trimethyl bensol, 1, 482 Trimethyl l-7-7-bicyclo-l-2-2-heptane, i, 522 Trimethyl 2, 7-, 7 bi-cyclo 1-, 1-heptane, i, 520 Trimethyl 1-1-3-butadiene, i, 478 Trimethyl 2, butene, i, 474 Trimethyl-l, 1,3-cyclohexane, 1, 496 Trimethyl- 1, 2-, 4-cyclohexane, i, 498 Trimethyl-l-, 3-, 5-cyclohexane, i, 498 Trimethyl 1-, 3-, 4-cyclohexane, i, 498 Trimethyl-l, 2-, 3-cyclopropane, i, 490 Trimethyl 1-1-2 dimethylene, i, 490 Trimethyl, 1-, 2-, 5-, 4-ethyl bensol, i, 486 Trimethyl, 1-. 3-, 5-, 2-ethyl bensol, i, 486 Trimethyl ethyl methane, i, 462 Trimethyl ethylene, i, 472 Trimethyl- 1, 2-, 5- hexamethylene, i, 498 Trimethylmethane, i, 460 Trimethyl 2-, 2-, 3-, pentane, i, 466 Trimethyl propyl methane, i, 464 Trimethylene, i, 490 Trinidad, asphalt, i. 158, 160, 796 bitumen, i, 792 bituminous lakes, i, 5 burnt clays, i, 7 oil, i. 158, 160 oil analysis, i, 575 oil, average specific gravity, i, 322 oil production statistics, i, 159, 326 oil seepages, i, 4 pitch lake, i, 68 INDEX 1001 Trinidad, refined lake asphalt, i, 794 rotary drilling system, i, 251 stratigraphic occurrence of oil, i, 17 Trinity sand, i, 12, 20 Tri-olefine, i, 478 Triphenyl 1-3-5-, benxol, i, 518 Triphenyl ethane, i, 516 Triphenyl methane, i, 516, 536 Triplex pumps, ii, 207 Tripper, filter plant, ii, 202 Tripping, fishing, i, 285 Trip spear, i, 285 Tritriacontane, i, 472 Trumble cracking process, ii, 439 Trumble dephlegmating towers, ii, 219 Trumble pipe still, ii, 213 Trumble refining process, ii, 385 Trunk pipe lines, i, 428 Trunk pistons, Diesel engine, ii, 566 Tubes, boiler, standard dimensions, ii, 292 iron and steel, thermal expansion, ii, 814 Tube stills, refinery, ii, 146, 238 Tubing, fishing for, i, 288 oil well, i, 301, 501 oil well, weights and dimensions, table, i, 306 seamless steel, weights, table, ii, 785 Tubing catcher, i, 289 Tubular boiler, oil fired, ii, 464 Tubular goods for oil country use, i, 300 Tubular stills, refinery, ii, 140 Tucker sand, i, 30, 106 Tulsa County, Okla., Claremore sand, i, 34 Mississippi lime, i, 29, 30 Mounds sand, i, 30 ofl, i, 103, 558 Oswego lime, i, 27 Red Fork sand, i, 28 Second Booch sand, i, 30 Tungsten, melting point, ii, 807 Tunis, oil, i, 157 Turbine oils, characteristics, ii, 677 lubricants, ii, 645 Turbines, steam, refineiy, ii, 294 Turbulence, sprajdng, Diesel engine, ii, 575 Turbulent flow, pipe lines, i, 381 Turkestan, oil analyses, i, 582 Turkey, oil, i, 134 oil shale, i, 848 Turkeyfoot oil field. Pa., i, 110 Turkeyfoot oil field, W. Va., i, 117 Turnback casing shoe, i, 237 Turntable i, 254 Turpentine, i, 512 boiling point, ii, 806 expansion by heat, ii, 812 Turpentine, melting point, ii, 806 specific heat, ii, 812 Tuxpam oil field, Mexico, i, 124, 574 28 oil, ii, 357 Two-cycle engines, ii, 529, 537, 558, 560 Two-plug method, cementing oil wells, i, 295 Tyler County, W. Va., oU, i, 116, 569 Tjrrol, Austria, bitumen, i, 792 Ubbelohde viscosimeter, i, 648 Uinta County, Wyo., oil, i, 573 Uintah County, Utah, oU, i, 115, 567 Uintaite, i, 71. 794 Ukraine, oil, i, 11, 131, 132 Undecanaphthene, i, 500 Undecane. i, 468 Undecylene, i, 474 Undecylthiophane, i, 528 Undecylthiophane-sulphone, i, 528 Underdeck tonnage register, oil tankers, i, 376 Underground glory hole method, oil shale mining, i. 856 Underground tankage, refinery, ii, 86 Underreaming, standard drilling, i, 218, 246 Unguentum petrolei, ii, 380 Union County, Ark., oil and gas, i, 80, 539 Union Petroleum Company colorimeter, i, 662,665 Unit of heat, ii, 808 Unit of viscosity, ii, 627 United States, asphalt and bituminous rock, i,796 beginning of oil industry in, i, 107 bitumens, i, 790 mud volcanoes, i, 7 natural gas production and consumption statistics, i, 352, 354 natiu'al-gas gasoline, statistics, i, 351, 786 oil, i, 79 oil analyses, i, 538 oil. average specific gravity, i, 322 oil production statistics, i, 324, 356 oil production, per well per day, i, 349 oil, quantity and value produced since 1859, i, 328, 356 oil shale, i, 836 oil shale areas, i, 871 oil wells, number of, i, 349 pipe line rates, i, 379 productive oil wells, i, 349 stocks of petroleum, i, 347, 357 stratigraphic occurrence of petroleum, i, 11 United States Committee on the Standard- ization of Petroleum products, carbon residue test, i, 704 colorimeter, i, 664 1002 INDEX United States Committee on the Standard- ization of Petroleum jiroducta, evapo- ration tests, i, 716 fatty oil, i, 711 floe test, i, 691 United States Navy Dept., specifications for illuminating oil, wax, and asphaltic products, i, 715 United States Office Public Roads, melting point, asphalt, i, 802 solubility test, asphalt, i, 802 volatilization test, asphalt, i, 802 United States standard gage, sheets, ii, 773, 774 Unloading tank cars, rules for, i, 367 Upper Coroni formation, Venesuela, i, 152 Upper Cretaceous series, California, i, 83 Egypt, i. 156 Florida, i, 84 Galicia, i, 132 Louisiana, i, 95 Montana, i, 97 oil strata, i, 12, 14, 17 Syria, 1, 144 Texas, i, 114 Venezuela, i, 152 Wyoming, i, 118, 119 Upper Devonian, i, 34 Upper Devonian sands. New Brunswick, Can., i, 123 Upper Devonian shales, England, i, 135 Upper Freeport, coal, 1, 24 Upper Jurassic system, Germany, i, 134 Wyoming, i, 119 Upper Medina rocks, i, 39 Upper Miocene series, oU sands, i, 68 California, i, 83 Egypt, i. 571 Uintah County, Utah, bitumen, i, 791 Utah, bitumen, i, 791 gilsonite, i. 71 Green River formation, i, 885 natural gas production and consumption statistics, i, 352, 354 oO. i. 115 oil analyses, i, 567 oil shale, i, 834, 839, 873, 875, 885, 888 Utah, uintaite, i, 71 Utica shale, i, 39, 42 Utopia oil field, Kans., i, 91 Uvalde County, Tez., bitiunen, i, 791 oU, i, 113, 114 Vacuum method, natural-gas gasoline, pro- duction by states, i, 786 Valerylene, i, 478 VaUecitos oU field, Calif., i, 81 Valves, Diesel engine, ii, 562 internal combustion engines, ii, 544, 554 pressure relief, ii, 461 safety, Diesel engine, ii, 576 safety, steam, ii, 798 Valylene. i, 478 Van Dyke and Irish tower still, ii, 325 Van Dyke tower, ii, 216, 220 Vapor, coil condenser data, ii, 164-179 volume, natural-gas gasoline, i. 752 Vapor exchangers, condensers, ii, 181 Vapor-phase process, cracking, ii, 429. 436 Vapor pressure, gasoline, method of deter- mination, i, 726 relation to hydrocarbon condensation tem- peratures, i, 736 Vaporization point, oils, ii, 497 Vaporizers, internal combustion engines, ii, 530 Vaqueros formation, i, 17, 83 Vaseline, u. 360, 380 Veale oil field, Tex., i. 113 Veale sand, Tex., i, 31 Velma oil field, Okla., i. 104 Velocity, pipe line, i, 403 piston, lubrication, ii, 653, 665 lubricants, relation to viscosity, ii. 634, 636 Velocity head, pumps, ii, 210 Venango County, Pa., oil, i, 35, 107, 569 Venango First sand, i, 34 Venango oil field. Pa., 1, 110 Venango sand group, i, 34 Venango Second sand, i, 35 Venango Third sand, i, 36 Venedocia oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Venezuela, asphalt, i, 150, 797 bitumen, i, 792 bituminous lakes, i, 5 mud volcanoes, i, 6 oil, i, 150 oil analysis, i, 578 oU, average specific gravity, i, 322 oil production statistics, i, 151, 325 oU, unit of measure, ii, 761 pitch lakes, i, 68 stratigraphic occurrence of oil, i, 11 INDEX 1003 Venice oil field, Pa., i, 110 Vent tanks, gaaoline extraction plant, i, 775 Ventilation, oil tankers, i, 377 Vento condenser, ii, 216 Vents, concrete tanks, ii, 133 Ventura Coimty, Calif., oil, i, 16, 80, 83, 541 oil, nitrogen in, i, 530 oil, sulphur in, i, 526 Ventura oU field, Calif., i, 81 Venturi meter, ii, 360 Vera Cmz, Mexico, bitumen, i, 792 oU, i, 20, 124, 126 Vera oil field, Okla., i, 104 Vernon County, Mo., oil, i, 97 Vernon oil field, Kans., i, 91 Vernon oil field, Tex., i, 113 Vertical Diesel engine, ii, 561 Vertical retort, oil shale, i, 866 Vicker's marine Diesel engine, ii, 599, 602 Vicker's solid injection sprayer, ii, 572 Victoria, bitumen and oil seepages, i, 166, 793 Vigo Coimty, Ind., oil, i, 88, 544 Vinton County, Ohio, oil, i, 553 Vinton oil field. La., i, 96, 549 Virgelle sandstone, i, 12, 98 Virgil oil field, Kans., i, 91 Virginia, petroliferous deposits, i, 115 Viscosimeter, conversion table, i, 642 types, i, 643 Viscosity, i, 640 absolute, i, 640 coefficient, i, 393 comparison of viscosimeters, i, 641 conversion curves, steam cylinder, ii, 656 Engler viscosimeter, i, 588, 655, 656 fuel oil, ii, 340 hydrocarbons, ii, 647 kinAnatic, i, 640 lubricants, ii, 626, 360 oil, i, 641 oil temperatures of measurement, i, 643 oil in pipes, i, 389 Redwood Admiralty viscosimeter, i, 655 Redwood viscosimeter, i, 654 relation to density, i, 391 relation to gravity, i, 391 relation to temperature, i, 390 Saybolt Furol viscosimeter, i, 588, 648 Saybolt Thermo viscosimeter, i, 588, 648 Saybolt Universal \'i8C08imcter, i, 588, 644 temperature curves, ii, 632 temperature curves, steam cylinder oils, ii, 654 Vitreosil basins, acid recovery, ii, 403 Vitriol, refinery use, ii, 368 Vivian gas sand, i, 18 Vogt chilling machine, wax plant, ii, 194 Vogt soft wax press, ii, 199 Volatile matter in shale, relation to coal, i, 835 Volatmty, gasoline, ii, 346, 352 lubricants, ii, 644 Volatilization, in lubrication, ii, 663 Volatilisation test, asphalt, i, 807 Volcanic neck structure, i, 63 Volcanic plugs, i, 63, 64 Volcano oil field, W. Va., i, 117 Volume, air, ii, 786 compressed air, relation to pressure, ii, 298 compressed air, relation to pipe diameter, ii.300 measures, ii, 762, 766 pipe line flow, table, i, 395 weight and energy equivalents, ii, 803 Volume-air burner, ii, 452 Volumetric composition, natural gas, i, 734 Volumetric efficiency, ii, 530 W Wabash County, 111., oil, i, 86, 89 Wager sand, i, 92 Wagoner County, Okla., second Booch sand, i, 30 Wagoner oil field, Okla. i, 103, 104 Wahl ofl field, Ohio, i, 100 Wales, oil and shales, i, 135 Walk out, geologic field work, i, 177 Walker's formula, fuel oil, ii, 341 Walkway, condenser boxes, ii, 53, 55, 57, 58 Wall Creek sand, i, 14, 17, 118. 119 Walnut-Hepler oil field, Kans. i, 91 Walters oO field, Okla., i, 104 Wann oil field. Okla., i, 104 Warm Springs oil field, Wyo., i, 120, 572 Warping, monocUnal, i, 53 Warren County, Ky., bitiunen, i, 791 oil. i. 1,29 oil, i, 103, 558 Peru sand, i, 27 Wheeler sand, 1, 28 Washington County, Pa., oil, i, 558 Washington County, Utah, oil, i, 115, 568 Washington oil field, Pa., standard casing requirements, i, 220 Washington-Taylorstown oil field, Pa., i, 1 10 Waste heat, internal-combustion engine, ii, 554 Water, ii. 790-792 boiling point, ii, 806, 807 expansion by heat, ii, 812 freesing point, ii, 807 in monodinal bulges, i, 59 latent heat of evaporation, ii, 823 radiation and reflection of heat, ii, 824 ^elation to oil occurrence, i, 72 specific heat, ii, 812 Water acid, ii, 369 Water ballast pipes, oil tankers, i, 377 Water cooling, double spray system, ii, 315 volumes of air required, ii, 312 Water evaporation, air required, tables, ii, 313, 314 Water exclusion from oil sands, i, 290 Water in oil, i, 531 centrifuge method of determination, i, 670 determination by distillation, i, 588, 668 test, i, 662 Water level, relation to petroleum occur- rence, i, 74 Water lubrication, pipe line, i, 405 Water pipe, dimensions and capacity, tables, ii, 771 standard dimensions, table, ii, 782-784 Water supply, pump stations, i, 424 refinery, ii, 3, 10, 239 Water-top roof, tanks, ii, 95 Water Tapor, air saturation table, ii, 314 specific gravity, ii, 832 Water white distillate, ii, 339 condenser coil data, ii, 168 Water white oil. i, 663 Waters' oxidation test, i, 705 Watson ville oil field. Calif., i. 82 Waverly group, oil sands, i, 33, 94 Wax, amorphous, ii. 359 paraffin, ii. 375 sweating, ii, 373 Wax chipping machine, ii, 222 Wax cooling machine, ii, 222 Wax distillate, ii, 355, 364 condenser coil data, ii, 170 Wax molding press, ii, 223 Wax oil, ii, 364, 365 condenser coU data, ii, 178 Wax plant, ii, 92. 194, 222 Wax pumps, ii, 194, 196 Wax separation, fire hasards, ii. 413 Wax tailings, ii, 329 Wayne County, Ky., "deep" sand, i. 94 Knox dolomite, i, 40, 94 oil, i, 92, 94, 547 Trenton limestone, i, 40 Upper Sunnybrook sand, i, 39, 94 Waverly group, i, 34, 94 Wayne County, Ohio, "Clinton" sand, i,39 oil, i, 102 Wayne Coxmty, Utah, oil, i, 115 Wayne County, W. Va., oil, i, 116 Waynesburg oil field. Pa., i, 110 Webb County, Tex., oil and gas field, i. 114 Web frame sjrstem, tank vessel construc- tion, i. 373 Web reinforcement, ii, 252 Weighing method, gravity determination, i, 618, 621 Weight of air, u, 786, 788 Weight of gases, at atmospheric pressure, ii, 832 Weight of water, table, ii, 790 Weights and measures, ii, 760 Weights, volume and energy equivalents, ii, 803 Weimer oil field, Okla., i, 104 Weir sand, relation to Squaw sand, i, 32 Weld strength, tubes and pipes, ii. 530 Welded pipe, specifications, ii, 549 Well for filter wash still, ii. 51 WeU logs, i. 238 Well records, subsurface mapping, i, 173 Well shaft, ii, 241 Welland County, Ontario, Can., oil and gas, i, 121, 122, 123 Wellman cracking process, ii. 436 Wells, heat-exchanging stills, ii, 50 Wells County, Ind., oil, i. 88 Wells County, Ohio, oil, nitrogen in, i, 530 Wellsburg oil field, W. Va.. i, 117 Wellsville oil field, Kans., i, 91 Wellsville oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Welsh oil field. La., i, 96. 550 West Africa, bituminous lakes, i. 5 oil, i, 157 West Australia, oil, i, 166 West Hickory oil field, Pa., i. 110 INDEX 1006 West Indies* bitumen, i, 702 oil, 1. 158 West Union gas field, W. Va., i, 117 West VlrginiA, anticlinal and synclinal struc- tures, i, 47 anticlinal bulges, i, 50 application of anticlinal theory to pools, i, 44 Bayard sand, i, 36 Berea sand, i, 32 Big Injun sand, i, 32 Big Lime (Greenbrier limestone), i, 31 bitumen, i, 701 Cairo oil sand, i, 68 Cow Run sand, i, 24 domes in, i, 50 Dunkard sand, i, 24 Eureka-Volcano-Buming Springs anti- cline, i, 47 Fifth sand, i, 36 grahamite, i, 6, 68, 71, Keener sand, i, 31 limestones, i, 20 Maxon sand, i, 31 Maxton sand, i, 25, 38 Mississippian series, i, 15, 20 natural-gas gasoline statistics, i, 786 natural gas production and consumption statistics, i, 352, 354 natural gas springs, i, 3 oU, i, 116 oil analyses, i, 568 oU, nitrogen in, i, 520 oil, oxygen in, i, 524 oil production, per well per day, i, 340 oil production statistics, i, 330, 356 oil, sulphur in, i, 526 oil and gas seepages, i, 3 oil strata, i, 15 oil wells, number of, i, 340 Pennsylvanian series, i, 22 Permian rocks, i, 21 pipe line regulations, i, 428 Pittsburgh coal bed, i, 23 quaquaversal structure, i, 50 Ritchie mines, i, 6, 68 salt brine, occurrence with oil, i, 8 salt sands, i, 25 sandstones, i, 20 Sixth sand, i, 36 Squaw sand, i, 32 synclines, i, 73 Upper Freeport coal, i, 24 West View oil field. Pa., i, 110 Western Argentina, oil district. South Amer- ica, i, 146, 148 Westfork ofl field, Tez., i, 113 Westmoreland Cmiaty, Ps.* Speechley sand, i, 36 Tiona sand, i, 36 Weston County, Wyo., oil, i, 570 Weston gas field, W. Va., i, 117 Wet-back Scotch marine boilers, oil fired, U, 480 Wet natural gas, i, 731 WeUel County, W. Va., oil, i, 116 Wexford oil field. Pa., i, 110 Wheeler oil field, Okla., i, 50. 104 Wheeler sand, i, 28, 106 Whipstock, i, 288 Whipstock grab, fishing tool, i, 282 Whitacie oU field, Ohio, i, 100 White Cottage oil field, Ohio, i, 100 White Medina sand, i, 30, 121 White petrolatum ii, 380 White Pomt gas field, Tex., i, 113 Whiteley Creek oU field, Pa., i, 110 Whitterbrook oil field, Ohio, i, 100 Whittier oU field, Calif., i, 16, 68, 81, 82, 83, 540 Wichita County, Tex., Canyon formation, i, 28 Cisco formation, i, 28 oil field, i, 114, 562 Pennsylvanian series, i, 28 Permian series, i, 21 Wier sand, Ky., i, 04 Wilbarger Connty, Tex., oil field, i, 114 Permian series, i, 21 Wilcox sand, i, 13, 34, 103, 106 Wiley Canyon oil field, Calif., i, 81 Wildwood oU field. Ky., i, 03 Wildwood oU field. Pa., i. 110 WUletts oil field. Pa., i, 110 Williamson County Tex., oil, i, 114, 563 Wilson County, Kans., oil, i, 00, 546 Wilson Run oil field, Ohio. i. 100 Winchester County, Ky., oil, i, 548 Windlass, tank, ii, 101 Winfield oil field. Kans., i, 01 Winfield oil field. Pa., i, 110 Wingett, P. O., oU field, Ohio, i, 100 Wire, refinery use, ii, 271 Wire driUing lines, i, 231, 233 Wirt County, W. Va., oil, i, 116, 117 Wolfe County, Ky., Caney sand, i, 30 oU, i, 02, 548 Wood, fuel oil equivalent, ii, 477 Wood County, Ohio, oil, i, 102 oil, nitrogen in, i, 530 oil, sulphur in, i, 525 Wood County, W. Va., oD, i, 116, 117, 570 Wood pulp, grease filler, ii, 674 Wood spirit, boiling point, ii, 806 1006 INDEX Wood tanks, refincfy, ii. 213. 214 WoodlMB0 aud, i, 12, 20. 94. 05 relation to BloflBom aand, i, 19 Wood-roof, Umka. standazd spccificatioiis, ii, 95 Woods, specifie heat of. ii, 811 Woodflfidd ofl 6eld. Ohio, i, 100 Woodson Coonty, Kans., i, 90 WoodviDe ofl 6eld. Pa., i, 110 Wool, refinery inwilating. ii, 282 Wooster gas pool. Ohio. i. 100 Wooeier ofl fields, Ohio, i. 50, 100 Worldnc streases, reinforoed eonovte. ii, 257 Workins tanks, refinery, ii, 70, 78 Worldnc temperature, lubricants, ii, 644 World's production of petroleum, i, 78, 324 Worm, cast-iron still, specifications, ii, 163 Worm A'*»g". condenser, ii, 180 Worthinston internal eambustkm engine, ii, 541 Worthington marine Diesd ensine, ii, 608 Wrecks, tank can, i, 368 Writing paper, radiation and lefiection of heat, ii, 824 Wrought iron, radiation and reflection of beat, ii, 824 Wroui^i pipe, standard dimensions, table, u, 782 WurtxiUte, i. 791,793, 794 Wyandot County, Ohio, <mI, i, 102 Wynona oil field. OUa., i, 104 Wyomingp anticlinal and synclinal struc- tures, i, 47, 59 asphalt, i, 67 Benton shale, i, 18 brea, i. 67 Cambrian system, i, 40 Colorado group, i, 17 crevice oil, i, 67 Dakota sand, i, 20 Embar sand, i, 22, 67 Frontier group, i, 17 Green River fonnation, i, 887 Chugwater red beds, i, 22 Jurassic system, i, 12, 20. 119 Lower Wall-Creek sandstone, i, 18 Montana group, i, 17 Morrison formation, i, 20 natural-gas gasoline statistics, i, 786 natural gas production and consumption sUtistics, i. 352, 354 I Wyofliag, oil. i. 118 oil in gnuiite, i, 67 ofl produetaon, per vcD per day. i. 349 oil pfodnetaoD statiBtaca, i,338, 356 oil shale, i. 834. 840. 873. 887. 888 oil apriag^ i, 68 od tar. i. 67 ofl wells, number of. i, 349 Peay sands, i. 18 Permian system, i. 22. 67 Piene formation, i. 17 Powder Rrrer field, i, 20, 21 producing sands, i. 119 Salt Creek ofl field, i, 18. 356 Shannon ofl field, i 17 Sundance formation, i. 12. 20 I Xylene (xylol), i, 480 Yale oil field. OUa. i, 104 Yampa ofl field, Colo, i, 84. 85 Yard storage, refinery, ii, 84 Yarhola ofl field. OUa. i. 104 Yates Center ofl field. Kans.. i. 91 Yeager ofl field. OUa.. i. 104 Tenaagyat, Boniia, India, oil ansJiyas, i, 582 oil field, i, 47. 50, 140 Yenangyaung. Burma, India, ofl field, s3^n»- metrical ^*»»M»iit»^ structure of, i, 47 Yield point, tests of commercial pipe, ii, 526 Yields, refinery operation, ii, 421 Young's cracking proeess, ii, 428 TovBg Coonty, T«jl, Bend limeetone, i, 31 oil, i. 563 Youngstown ofl field, Okla. i, 34. 104 Zacamiztle oil field. Mexico, i, 124, 125 Zimar oU field. Pa., i, 110 Zinc, latent heat of fusion, ii, 823 melting point, ii, 806. 807 radiation and reflection of heat, ii, 824 refinery use, ii, 279 q>ecific heat, ii, 81 1 ZoUarsville ofl field. T ■ro'c NAME DATE DUE MlNTID IN «.«.A. VOL. I INDEX OF CHAPTERS Page THB OCCURRENCE OF PETROLEUM 1 By Frederick G. CUpp. FIELD METHODS IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 1C7 By Frederic H. Lahee. OIL-FIELD DEVELOPMENT AND PETROLEUM PRO- DUCTION 201 By Louis C. Sands. STATISTICS OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS PRO- DUCTION 321 By Anne B. Coons. TRANSPORTATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 368 By Forrest M. Towl. CHARACTERISTICS OF PETROLEUM 467 By DsTid T. Day. PETROLEUM-TESTING METHODS 687 By T. G. Delbridge. NATURAL-GAS GASOUNE 729 By H. C. Cooper. ASPHALT •• 787 By R. G. Smith. OIL SHALE 831 By David EUot Day. INDEX. 