None
The Internal Balloon and its Uses, 173 The Manufacture of a Balloon, 103 Uncontrollable Balloons at Mercy of Wind, 167, 173 Expansion of Air and Gases in Bal'.oons, 551, 553 Martyrs to Aerostation, 168, 169 Affinity in Chemistry, 105 Air, Composition of Atmospheric, 134 Air-resistance on Falling Bodies, 20 Air, See Experiments — Impenetrability Air, Vitiated by Burning Gas, 581 Alchemy, 103, 104, 198, 206 Alcohol and Wool, Demonstrating Impenetrability, 1, 2 Alliance Magneto Machine, 379 Allotropic Condition of Oxygen, see Ozone Allotropy, 129 Alternating Current, see Electric Lighting Alum Crystals, 95, 96, 97 Amalgamation of Electrical Machine Fittings, 277 Amalgamation of Plates for Batteries, 288 Ammonia (see also Experiments), 139-142 Analysis and Syntliesis of Light (see also Light), 109, 469, 497 By the Spectroscope, 474 Of Gunpowder, 105, 106 Of Metals by Colour, 242, 472 Anion, 298 Annular and Total Eclipses of the Sun, Causes of, with Dcmonstra tions, 34 and Total Eclipses of the Sun, Difference Between, 30 Eclipse, Description of, 36 Anode, 298 Anomalies of Heat in Ice and Water, 600, 601 Apparatus, Fitting up, 116, 117 for Freezing, 101 for Photography, 209, 210 Arabians and Chemistry, 104 Archer and Photography, 209 Archimedes and Buffon, 437, 438 and Gibbons, 437 Roman Fleet, 436 Specific Gravity, 69 Aristotle and Light, 416 Astronomical Telescope, 434 Descriptions of Equatorial Mounting, 434 The Gregorian, 435 Astronomy, 25 and Copernicus, 27 Galileo, 27 Halley, 27 Herschel, 27 INDEX G51 Astronomy. Continued. Hipparchus, 2V and Job, 2G Kepler, 27 Menton, 27 Newton, 27 Nonius, 27 Pythagoras, 27 Recorde, 27 Reinhold, 27 Thales, 26 the Chaldaeans, 25 Chinese, 25 Egyptians, 26 Great Pyramid, 26 Greeks, 26 Spectroscope, 475, 477 Tycho Brahe, 27 Antiquity of, 25 Daily's Beads, 35, 36 Comets, 42 Shooting Stars, 46 Atmospheric Air, Composition of, 134 Attraction, Adhesive, with Demonstrations, 86 Capillary, with Demonstrations and Experiments, 88 of Cohesion, with Demonstrations and Experiments, 79 Glass for Water, 88 Salt for Water, 88 Automatic Gas-lighters, 146, 147, 155, 156 Aventurine, 244 Aviation, see Aerostation Bacon, Roger, and Gunpowder, 104, 105, 180, 181 Baily's Beads, 35, 36 Balancing (see also Experiments), 53-62 Balloons and Hydrogen, 148, 150, 151, 551-553 Expansion of Air and Gases in, 551-553 see Aerostation Balls, Billiard-, and Paradox in, 58, 69, 668 Bancalari and Electricity, 394, 396 Barium Sulphate, Discovery of, 398 Battt'ries, see Electricity Beads, Borax, 241 I'ocquerel and Radio-activity, 630 r.r'll and the Telephone, sec Telephone Bollowg, see Experiments — Impenetrability Bending Glass Tubing, 117 Bcntley'8 Coil (see also Experiments under Induction CoiU), 363 Ber/^lius, Discoverer of Selenium, 251 Billiard Balls and Paradox in, 58, 59, 568 652 INDEX Bleaching by Chlorine instead of by Dayliglit, 185, 186 Blindspot in eye, 450-452 Blondlot and the "N" Rays, 527 Blotting-paper, 80 Blowpipe-analysis of Metals, 242, 472 Boating Accidents, Cause of, 50, 57 Bodies, Stability in Living 61 Boiling Points, '603-605 Borax Beads, 241 Boron (see also Experiments), 239 the Manufacture of, 239, 240 Bort (waste diamond), see Experiments Bougies, 118 Boulton and Watt and the Steam Engine, ()19 Brewster and Light, see Kaleidoscope Brine and Water (dilTusi(»n <»f rKpiids), 5, 6 Bromine (see also Experiments), 198 the Manufacture of, 199 Browning's Lamp, 384 Bubbles, 76, 77 Bude Light (see also Experiments), 126 Coloured, 127 Buffon and Archimedes, 437, 438 Bulk, 50 Bunsen and Light, 472 Camera Obscura, 206, 207 Canton's Phosphorus, 39S, 399 Capillary Attraction (see also Experiments), 88 Carbon (see also Experiments), 224 disulphide, 250, 254 Carbonic Acid and Hydrogen, 4 Tests for, 4, 227, 229 used by Plants, 121 Carbon Process (photography), 211-214 Caries, 256 Catalytic Action, 115 Cathion, 298 Cathode, 298 Causes of Annular and Total Eclipses, with Demonstrations, 34 Causing Wood to Sink, 88 Caution with Regard to Purchase of Chemicals, 115 Centigrade Readings Converted to R. Railway, 24 Chaldaeans and Astronomy, 25 Change of State, Experiment to Show, 85 Charcoal, Sulphur and Potash, Experiment with, 106-8 Chemical Aflinity, 105 Combination as Opposed to a Mechanical Mixture, 105-8 Experiments, see Experiments Chemistry, 103 Chinese and Astronomy, 25 Chlorine (see also Experiments), 185 Bleaching by, instead of by Light, 185, 186 Chromatic Effects by Polarised Light, 515, 519-521 Cinematography, 211 Clarke's Magneto Machine, 377-379 "Clouds" in Sun, Natun- of the, 40 Cohesion, witli Demonstrations, 79 Coils, Bentley's, 303 Hearder's, 131, 363 Induction, 131, 303 Ruhmkorff's, 131 363 Colloids, 9 Colour and Light Compared, 400 Coloured Liquids, Demonstrations in Specific rjravity of, 72-74 etc., under Influence of Oxygen, 129 Colour in Blowpipe, Metals Classified by their, 242, 472 Colouring Lantern Slides, 221, 222. 469 Colour-photography, 211, 220, 221, 222 Colour-Top, 485 Comet C Morehouse, 45, 46 Halley's, 44 with Venus, Spectra of, 47 Comets, 42 Comparison of Light with Gravity, 17 Composition of Atmospheric Air, 134 Condenser Hygrometer, 587, 588 Conduction of Heat in Metals, Table of, 560 Contending Forces, Centrifugal and CJravity, 33 Contrasted Forces, Centrifugal and CJravity, .14 Conversions of Thermometer Readings, C. R. F., 548, 649 Copernicus and Astronomy, 27 "Corona" of Sun, 38 Corpuscular Theory of Light, f»ee Light Crookes, Sir William, and Induction Coil, 376 and the Rontgen or "X" Hays, 525 "Crookes' Radiant Matter," 525, 626 Crown of King Iliero, 69-71 Crystallisation and Experiments to Demonstrate, 93 Crystalloids, 9 Crystals of Snow, 93 654 INDEX Curie Mons. and Mme., and Radium, 531 Current, Alternating, see Electric Lighting Daguerre (see also Photography), 207 Davy and Electricity, 263, 296,* 384 and Heat, 537 the Telegraph, 345 Safety Lamp, 156, 563-567 Debierne and Actinium, 532 Decoration of Metals by Hydrogen, 151, 152 Decrepitation, 98 Deliquescence, 97 Demonstration of Adhesive Attraction, 86 of Attraction of Cohesion, 79 Capillary Attraction, 88 Causes of Annular and Total Eclipses, 34 Centre of Gravity, 51-62 Percussion, 62-65 Centrifugal Force and Gravity Contending, 33 Force and Gravity Contrasted, 34 Light— Field of Corn, 407 — Luminous Bodies and Vibrations, 406 — Theories, see Experiments and Light — Waves, 407 Path of Electric Current, 300, 301 of Magnetic Current, 315, 320 Specific Gravity, 65-78 Density of Planets of our Solar System, 78 Description of Annular and Total Eclipses of the Sun, 36 Dialysis (see also Experiments), 9, 10 Dia-magnetic Bodies, see Magnetism and Experiments Dia-magnetism, see Magnetism and Experiments Diamond (see also Experiments), 225 Diazotype (see also Photography), 216 Differential Thermometer, 551 Diffraction Apparatus, 504 Diffusion of Gases (see also Experiments), 4, 5, 231 of Liquids (see also Experiments), 5 Dimorphism, 107, 129, 130 Discoveries by the Spectroscope, 476-479 Disinfecting with Sulphur versus Spray, 248 Distillation, 99 Disulphide of Carbon, 250, 254 Diurnal, Earth's Motion, 21 Dobereiner Self-lighting Lamp, 155 Drummond Light, 155 Drying of Gases, 187 "Earth" connections, see Telegraph, Electric Earth-fog (Evening Mist), 587, 603 INDEX G55 Earth Nearer Sun in Winter, 31 Earth's Diurnal Motion, 21 Motion Round Sun, 32 Shape, Illustrating Centrifugal Force, 22 Eclipses of Moon, 29 of Sun, Dates of, 39 (see also Experiments), 27, 34 Visible in London, 39 Edison and the Filament Lamp, see Electric Lighting and the Phonograph, see Phonograph Telephone, see Telephone Effect of Oxygen on the System, 128, 129 Efflorescence, 98 Eggs, Floating, CO, 67 Egg to Stand on End, How to Make an, 52 EgA'pt and Astronomj', 26 and Chemistry, 103 Electric Alarms, 30G, 307 Clocks, 308, 309 Illumination, 380 Lighting, 383 Browning's Lamp, 384 Browning's Regulators, 385 Davy's Improvements, 384 Four-carbon Regulators, 386 Jablochkoflf's Candle, 380, 386 King's Platinum Lamp, 386, 387 Serrin's Regulator, 384 Siemens' Regulator, 384 The Alternating Current, 385 The Edison Filament Lamp, 387, 388 The Metallic Filament Lamp, 387, 388 Telegraph, see Telegraph Electricity, Faraday on the Storage of Electricity in drop of Water, 541 Frictional (see also Experiments), 262 Electrical Machines, 275 Insulating Stool, 272 ♦ Its History, 262, 263 Sources of, 263 The Electrophorus, 281 How to Make, 281, 282 Varnish for Experiments in, 266 See also Magneto-Electricity Voltaic (see also Experiments), 287 and Davy, 296 Galvani, 288 Volta, 263, 288, 295, 290 Anion, 298 Anode, 298 Apparatus for Electro-plating, 298-302 656 INDEX Electricity, Voltaic. Batteries, 290 Buiisen, 292-201: Daniell, 291, 292, 294 Daniell, Power of the, 295 Description of E. M. F., 291 Grove, 293 I^clanch^, 290, 329 Cathion, 298 Cathode, 298 Electrolyte, 301 Electro-metallic Deposits, 298-301 Faraday's Measure of Quantity Power, 290, 297 Path of Current in Electro-plating, 301 Principles of Batteries, 289 The Anialpaniating of Electrical Machines, 277 The Amalgamating of Plates for Batteries, 288 The Galvanometer, 290 Electro-magnetic Machines, 315 Electro-magnetism and Magnetism (see also Experiments), 309 The Loadstone, 311, 314 Elements, Nature of the, 108, 109 Radio-active, 530 Tahle of, 110 Elixir of Life, 103 Engine, Hero's, 599, (;07 Steam (see also Stonm Engine, Ev«>luti<tii of), 006 Stirling's, 553 Equilihrium, 51 Evaporation, 96 Evening Mist (or Earth Fog), 587, 603 Expansion of Gases and Air in Balloons, 551-553 Experiments Illustrating or Demonstrating — Ammonia, see also Experiments with Nitrogen, Carhon, etc. and Hydrochloric Acid, 142 Oxygen Explosions, 142 Oxygen Inflammable, 141 Conditions under which Inflammable, 141 Fountain, 140 Coloured, 140 to make, 139-140 Balancing, 53-62 Boron — Borax Beads, 241, 242 Colour of Boric Acid Flame, 240 Production of Boric Acid, 240 Bromine — Action on a Flame, 200 Action on Antimony, 200 on Starch Paste, 200 on Phosphorus, 200 under Influence of Cold, 200 t INDEX 657 Experiments. Continued. and Potassium, 200 Bleaching Pio])erties of, 200 Explosive Properties of, 200 with Metallic Sodium, 200 Capillary Attraction, see also Lantern Experiments Attraction with Cane, 89 Cotton, 89, 90, 91 Earthenware, 92 Flannel, 91 Gauze, 92 Glass, 88 Leather, 89 Paper, 89 Prawn, 90 Salt, 88 Soils, 89 Sulphate of Copper, 88 Wood, 88, 89 Carbon, see also Experiments with Oxygen, Hydrogen, etc. as Bort, Blacklead and Charcoal, 2*20-228 as Disinfectant, Deodoriser, etc., 225 Candle-flame, 230, 231 Fire-extinguishing Apparatus, 236-239 from Bones, etc., 225 in Ferment, 232 Manufacture of Carbonate of Ammonia, 229 of Quick Lime, 229 Naturally-generated Carbonic Acid, 233, 234, 235 Production of Carbonic Acid Gas, 220-234 to Demonstrate Fire-extinguishing Properties of Carbonic Acid Gas, 230, 231, 230 to Demonstrate Weight of Carbonic Acid Gas, 230 with Chalk, 228, 229 Centrifugal Force, — Can of Water, 23, 24 Centrifugal Railway, 24 Governors of Engines, 23 Sticks, 22, 23 Umbrella, 22 Change of State, 85 Chlorine, see also Experiments with Oxygen, Hydrogen, etc Action in the Decoration of Linm, 195 of Hydrogen and Carbon Com pounds on, 104 of Olefiant Gas on, 104 on Copper, 191 on Phosphorus, 192, 268 Colour-producing Properties, 192 Curious Action on Sodium, 190, 191 Dangers of, 190 2 u 658 INDEX Experiments. Continued. Chlorine, Decolouring, or Bleaching, Chlorine Water, ISO or Bleaching Properties of Chlorine CJas, 189, 192 Different Actions on Wet and Dry Chlorine, 193 Explodes witli Hydrogen, 190 Ignition of Dutch Metal, or Antimony, 189, 192 Peroxide with Phosphorus, 258 Preparation of, 186, 188, 189 Dialysis, 7, 10 Dia-magnetisni, sec also Lantern Experiments in Light, below Apparatus for Testing the Dia- and Para-magnetism in bodies, 390, 393 Effect of Magnetism on Candle Flame, 395 Faraday's Heavy Glass and Light, 388, 522, 523 Light and Water in Tube (Faraday), 389 Lines of Magnetic Force, 388, 389* Para-Magnetism, 390, 393 Diffusion of Gases — Hydrogen and Carbonic Acid, 4 of Gases — Hydrogen in Porous Cell, 5 Liquids — Brine and Water, 5, 0 Dialysis, 7, 10 Osmosis, 7, 8 Nollet's Experiment, 8 see also Lantern Experiments Eclipses of the Sun, 27 Electric Alarms, 300, 307, 329 Alarms, Clocks, 308, 309 Bells, 329 Indicators, 329 Induction Coils — Batteries for use with Coils, 374 Coils— Effect of Wet Paper on Spark, 373, 374 Electric Fire Wheels, 368 Gassiott's Electric Cascade, 371, 372 Imitation of Aurora Borealis, 307 Internal Illumination of Crystals, 373 Perforating Paper without Firing, 369 Sparks from, 368, 369 to Fire Gunpowder, 370, 371 to Melt Iron, 368 Travelling Fire, 372, 373 Used by Sir William Crookes, 376 Vacuum Tubes, 367, 368, 375 with Leyden Jar, 369, 370 with Metal Filings, 373 with Spangles, 368, 370 with Vacuum from Air, Gases, etc., 367-308, 375 Electric Writing, 356, 357 Electricity Frictional. — Conductors and Non-conductors, 269-272 Frictional, — Electrifying by Induction, 269, 270, 271 from Animal Organisms, 263, 268, 269 INDEX 659 Experiments, Electricity. Frictional. Incandescence of Platinum and Silver, 305 Iodide and Starch, 297 Path of Current in Electro-plating, 300, 301 Salt and Indigo, 208 Saltpetre and Litmus, 298 see also Frictional Electricity above Skinned Frogs, 287, 288 Quantity and Intensity EflFects, 297 Fluorine— Etching Glass, 202-20G Gravity and Air-resistance on Falling Bodies, 20 and Astronomy, 33 and Billiard Balls, 33 Centrifugal Force, 21-34 Eclipses of the Sun and Moon, 27, 29, 34 Equality of Gravity in all Objects — Balls, 18 of Gravity in all Objects — Gold Coin, Gold Leaf and Foather, IS 20 Forces of Gravity and Centrifugal Contending, 33 of Gravity and Centrifugal Contrasted, 34 of Gravity — Light and Squares, 17 Hoop and Toys, 16 Potassium Floating on Water, 15 Wood Floating on Water, 15 Heat — Conduction of Heat, Burning Paper, 561, 562 Burning Phosphorus, fnjO Cold Extinguishing Flame, 562 Falling Marbles, 559-5(51 Heat not Blown Away, 555 Motion of Heat in Water, 572 Ventilation, 578, 579 Water a Bad Conductor, 569-572 Heat and Light from Sodium and Quicksilver, 538 from Ice by Friction, 537 from Metals by Friction. 537 Radiation of Heat from Hot Ball, 592 from Tube, 593 Heat and Cold from Alcohol and Water, 596 Heat in Vacuum, 585 Ice from Liquid Metal, 595 Ice from Radiation, 590 Sensible Heat, Difference of Temperature in the Same Vessel, 549, 550 Expansion of Metals, 539, 542, 543 Home-made Rough Pyrometer, 543, 544 Thermometer, To Make a, 544 548 To Show Expansion of Air, 550 Tyndall's Experiment, 540 Hydrogen, see also Experiments with Oxygen, Carbon, etc. Affected by Platinum and Spongy Platinum, 146, 147, 155, 156 and Carbon Compounds, 194 INDEX 661 Experiments, ITydroj^en. Continued. Chlorine/ 100, 11)4 Oxygen Blow-pipe, 153, 154 Oxygen Bubbles, 151 Oxygen Light, 154-158 Bubbles, 145 Burns with Luminous Flame, 147 Burns with Non-luminous Flame, 147 for Metallic Decorations, 151, 152 from Decomposition of Water, 150, 157 in Balloons (see also Chap. XI on Aerostation, Page 162), 148, 150, 151, 551 553 its Effects on Sound, 148, 149, 150, 151 Preparation from Hydrochloric Acid and Zinc, 143 from Metallic Iron, 144, 145 from Metallic Potassium, 143, 145 from Metallic Zinc, Tin, etc., 145 from Sulphuric Acid and Zinc, 143 Lighting Bottles of, 145, 14G Produces Moisture, 147, 152, 153 The Hydrogen Organ, 140 The Squeaking Toy in, 140 Impenetrability — Marbles, Seed and Sand, 3 Water and Sugar, 2 Wood and Nail, 1 Wool and Alcohol, 1, 2 Imi>enetrability of Air — Bellows, 10 of Air— Bladder, 10 of Air — Water and Orange, 1 1 Induction Coils — see Experiments with Electric Induction Coils Inertia — Cup of Tea, 14 Tray of Water, 13 Iodine — Iodide and Starch, 297 Iodine Tests for, 198 Vapour of, 198 with Phosphorus, 197 Light, see also Light and Demonstrations of Light Absorption of Light, 407, 408 of Light Iridescent Colour Disc, 506 Bar Magnets, 407 Billiard Balls, 407 Fan to Show Light-rays, 410 Faraday's Heavy Glass, 388, 622, 523 Gold Leaf, 409 Lantern Experiments: — Capillary Attraction, 466 Decomposition of Water, 405 Diffusion of Liquids, 407, 408 Illusions by Philosophical Toys, 481, 482, 484 Iron-filings on Magnet, 404, 465 662 INDEX Experiments. Lantern Experiments. Continued. Pictures to Cliange Colour in Lantern, 468 Polarisation of Light in Lantern, 510 Polarisation of Light, The Oxy-hydrogen Polariscope, 516 Taking and Developing Photographs in tlie Lantern, 467 The Dancing Skeleton, 461-462 Light and Heat from Sodium and Quicksilver, 638 Magnetised Needles, 407 Measuring Light, 411-412 Polarisation of Light — Double Refraction, 511 of Light — Experiment in Lantern, 510 of Light — Experiment in Lantern — The Oxy-hydrogen Polari- scope, 516 of Light— Wave Models, 502 Reflection of Light — Concave Mirrors, 427-431 Light — Concave Mirrors, Pictures on Smoke, 431-433 Convex Mirrors, 424 Cylindrical and Conical Mirrors, 424-426 Figures in Cardboard, 418 Magic Mirror, 421-423 Plane Mirrors, 418-423 Rule and Rod, 417 Seeing through Bent Tubes, 419 Refraction of Light — In Various Media, 447 of Light with Coin in Bowl, 448, 449 with Strip of Glass, 448 Shadow Pictures, 413, 414 The Blind Spot in Eye, 450-452 To make a Kaleidoscope, 440, 441 Undulatory Theory — Ball and Bowl, 405, 406 Theory— Waves* of Water, 407, 408 Magnetism and Electro-Magnetism, 309 and Electro-Magnetism, Effects of Lighting, 309, 310 Electro-Magnetism, How to make Telegraph Instruments, see Telegraph Magnetising Steel, 312, 315 Magnets and Electro-Magnets, 313, 314 Magnets and Iron-filings, 314 See also Dia-magnetism, Electricity, etc., and Lantern Ex- periments The Loadstone, 311, 314 The Magnetic Needle, 312 The Magnetic Needle, Action of, 312 To Show Path of Magnetic Current, 315, 320 with Nails, 310 Mechanical Mixture, e. g.. Gunpowder, 105-108 Nitrogen, see also Experiments with Oxygen, etc. and Hydrogen (Ammonia), 139 Its Properties, 137, 138, 139 Nitrous-oxide (Laughing Gas), 139 INDEX 663 Experiments, Nitrogen. Continued. Preparation from Atmospheric Air, 135 from Copper, 136 Lead Amalgam, 136, 137 Tartrate of Lead, 136 with Phosphorus, 135, 136 Oxygen, see also Experiments with Hydrogen, Carbon, etc. and Ammonia, 141, 142 Bougies, 118 Bude Light, 126, 127 Burning Nitre, Charcoal, Sulphur and Nitrate Strontium, 124, 125 Calcium Light, 128, 154-158 Glowing Matches, Tapers or Charcoal, 118, 121 Glow-worm, 126 Hot Lampblack, 126 Metallic Potassium, 122 Nitre, Sulphur and Lampblack, 125 Smouldering Rag, 119 Phosphoretted Hydrogen. 251 Phosphorus, 120,' 124, 258 Steel and Cotton, 122 Sulphur, 120 Zinc and Nitre, 125 As an Acid, Changing Blue Litmus to Red, 120, 121 From Burning Nitre, Meal, Sulphur and Iron, 124 Chlorate of Potash and Dioxide of Manganese, 114, 116 Chlorate of Potash only, 112, 121 Dioxide of Manganese only, 112, 113 Freshly-gathered Leaves, 123 On Colouring Matter, Action of, 190 Peroxide of Chlorine and Phosphorus, 258 Preparation of Ozone, 131-133 with Ether and Turpentine, 128 Oxv-hvdrogen Blowpipe, 153-154 Light, 154-158 see also Lantern Experiments in Light Ozone, Its Preparation, 131. 132, 133 Properties Demonstrated, 132, 133 Phosphorus, see also Experiments in Chlorine, etc. Amorphous, or Red Phosphorua, 255, 256 and Iron, 594 Combustion of, under Water, 267, 258 Dangers of, 253, 256 Difference between Common and Red, 255 In Matches, 255 257 Luminous Steam, 259 When Dissolved, 253 Dissolved in Disulphide of Carbon, 254 in Ether, 253, 254 664 INDEX Experiments, Phosphorus. Continued. in Olive Oil, 254, 255 with Calcium, 260 Chlorate of Potash, 259 Chlorine, 258, 261 Peroxide, 258 Hydrogen, 259, 260 Oxygen and Phosphoretted Hydrogen, 261. Paper, 252 and Sulphur, 252, 253 Potash, 260 Soot, 253 Warm Substances, 253 Silicon — Making and Colouring Glass, 243, 244 To Obtain Pure Silica, 242, 243 Specific Gravity, 77 Steam, Air following Air-jet, 598 Balls, etc., remaining in Air-jet, 508 Boiling Water by the Use of Cold Water, 604 Boiling Water by the Use of Steam, 605 Burning Ether, 601, 602 Smoke following Steam-jet, 597 The Thermometer in Steam, 002, 603 Sulphur (see also Experiments with Oxygen, etc.), 106-108, 244 Allotropic Condition, 246 And Hot Charcoal, 249 Dioxide, 247 Bisulphide of Carbon, 250, 254 Hot, Poured into Water, 245, 246 Inorganic Substances, 248 Properties of, 247, 248 Sulphuric Acid (Vitriol), 248 with Copper, 247 Hot Iron, 250 Iron-filings, 246 Iron Wire and Copper, 247 and Metallic Potassium, 246, 247 Nitre and Charcoal, 105-108 (Saltpetre) and Chlorate of Potash, 121 Phosphorus, 252, 253 Potassium Chlorate, 250 Tinfoil, 247 Water Firing Potassium, 11, 12 Exploding Matches, 255 Eye— Blind Spot in, 450-452 Fabricius and Archimedes, 438 Photography, 206 Fahrenheit Readings Converted to C. and R., 548, 549 Falling Bodies, Gravity of, 17 INDEX 665 Faraday and Electricity, 263, 296, 297, 378, 394, 396, 541 and Heat, 541 Faraday's Heavy Glass, 388, 522, 623 Fij^ures, Balancing, 55 Filter of Geber, 89, 90 Filtration, 96 Fire-damp, 261 Fire-extinf^uishing Apparatus, 236-239 Fitting up Apparatus, 116, 117 "Flames" in Sun, Nature of, 40 Flannel and Seed-testing, 91 Flashing Signals (Heliographs, etc.), 441-445 Fleet Destroyed by Archimedes, 436 Floating Eggs, 66, 67 Ship, 68 Fluorine (see also Experiments), 201 Dangers of, 201, 202 Manufacture of, 201 Fog, Earth (or Evening Mist), 687. Demonstrations of, 15 Law of, 14 of all Objects Equal, 18-20 Falling Bodies, 17 Specific, How to Take, 09. 71, 72, 74, 75 with Demonstrations, 65, 76 versus Osmosis, 8 Gray and the Telephone, 349 Great Pyramid and Astronomy, 26 "Greek Fire," 181 Greeks and Astronomy, 26 Gregorian Telescope, 435 Grey, Stephen, and Electricity, 263 Gun, Perkins' Steam, 572 Gunpowder and Roger Bacon, 104, 105, 180, 181 Gurney Sir G. and the Bude Light, 127 Half-tone Process (Photography), 218-220 Tri-Colour Process (Photography), 220-222. Halley and Astronomy, 27 Halley's Comet, 43 with Venus, Sprctra of, 47 Halogens (see also Experiments), 185 Haloid Salts, 95 Hammer Nasmyth's, 85 Water, 83 INDEX 067 Hearder*8 Coil (see also Experiments — Electrical and Induction Coils), 131, 303 Heat (see also Experiments), 536 and Davy, 537 Rumfo'rd, 537 Conduction of (see also Experiments), 555 Heat not Blown Away, 555 Heat not Matter, but "Force," 557 Heat, Various Theories of, 55(5-0 Non-conductors, 5G7 The Davy Safety Lamp, 503 507 Ventilation, 677-584 Latent (Steam), 594 Radiation of (see also Experiments), 584 Hygrometers, 587-500 Ice from Radiation, 500 Radiation Thermometer, 580 Torricellian Vacuum, 584, 585, 580 Sensible (see also Experiments), 530 Applied to the Restoration of Buildings, 541 Balloons, Expansion of Gases and Air in, 551-553 Curious Properties of Rose's Fusible Metal, 542 Differential Thermometer, 551 Expansion of Gases and Air, 550-551 Expansion of Metals, 530, 541 Faraday on Storage of Energj', 541 Kussn^ on Expansion by Heat, 540, 541 Stirling's Engine, 553 Heat, the Cause of Vapour, 001 Heavy Glass, Faraday's, 388, 522, 523 ' Heliograph, 441-445 Helmholtz and Light, 407 Hero's Fountain (or Steam Engine), 599, 007 Herschel and Astronomy, 27 and Photography, 208 the Analysis of Metals, 472 Hiero, King, and Archimedes, 09, 70 Hipparchus and Astronomy, 27 Holmes' Magneto Machine, 379 Hoop and Toys, 16 Horse and Manikin, 54 How to find Centre of Gravity, 51 Specific Gravity, 70-72 make a Kaleidoscope, 440, 441 make a Microphone, see Microphone an Egg Stand on End, 52 a Simple Microscope, 486-488 a Simple Prism, 488 a Simple Telegraph Instrument, see Telegraph a Simple Thermometer, 544-648 668 INDEX How to find Centre of Gravity. Continued. use the Spectroscope, 47G Hughes .and the Microphone, see Microphone Huyghenian Theory of Light; see Light Hydracids, 122 Hydrogen (see also Aerostation and Experiments), 142 and Carbonic Acid, 4 in Porous Cell, 5 Hydrosalts, 95 Hygrometers, 587, 588, 589, 590 Ice and Water, Anomalies in the Heat of, (500, (501 Iceland Spar (see also Light, Polarisation of), 511, 512 Ignis Fatuus, 2G1 Imitation of Sun's Corona, Prof. Old Tinder and Steel, 401 Phosphorescence, 398 Phosphorus and Chlorate of Potash.. 401 Rays, 416, 417, 419 Reflection, 414, 420 Sources of, 399-403 The Candle- flame, 402 The Optical Bench, 397 The Phosphoroscope, 402, 403 Travelling through Space, 406 Undulatory or Iluyghenian Theory, 403-405 Philosophical Toys, to Demonstrate, 480 Polarisation of (see also Experiments with Lantern), 500, 510 by Double Refraction, 511 Reflection and Single Refraction, 509 Rhomb of Iceland Spar, 511, 512 Tourmaline, 514 Chromatic KlTects, 515, 519-521 Its Scientific Value, 521-524 Polarised, and Faraday's Heavy Glass, 388 Refracting Optical Instruments (see also Analysis and Synthesis of Lifjht and Duration of the Impression of Lifihl ), 452 Gas Cylinders and Retorts, 457, 458 Gas Generators, 458 Gas Jets, 456, 457 The Bi-unial Lantern, 455 Magic Lantern, 452 Opaque Lantern, 462, 403 Oxy-calcium Light, 128, 154-158 Oxy-hydrogen Light, 154-158 Oxy-hydrogen Microscope, 460 Sciopticon, 453-455 Triple Lantern, 456 Refraction (see also Experiments), 446 The Biind Spot, 450-452 Bude Light, 126, 127 Coloured, 127 Drummond Light, 155 Zodiacal Light, Kature of, 40 Lighting by Electricity, see Electric Lighting Limelight, see Oxy-calcium Light and Ex])eriments Lines of Magnetic Force, see Magnetism — Dia-magnetism Liquefaction of Gases, 158 Liquids, Coloured and Otherwise, to Demonstrate Specific Gravity, 72-74, 77 Diffusion of (see also Experiments), 5 Living (Animated) Pictures — Cinematography, 211 Loaded Vehicles, Stability of, 60 INDEX 671 Locomotives, Modern (see also Steam Engine), 626, 627 Lucifer Matches (see also Matches), 253, 255 Luna Cornea, 206 Magic Lantern, see Light Magnesium Lamp, 445, 459 Magnetism and Electro-magnetism (see also Electricity and Experi- ments—Electrical), 309 Electro-magnetism, Electric Alarms, 306, 307 Electric Alarms, Clocks, 308, 309 Dia-magnetism (see also Experiments), 388 Apparatus, 390, 393 Atmospheric Magnetism, 390 Baucalari's Experiments, 394, 395 Faraday's Experiments, 394 Faraday's Heavy Glass, 388, 389 Faraday's Heavy Glass and Polarised Light, 388, 389 Knoblauch's Experiments, 394 Lines of Magnetic Force, 389, 392 List of Axial or Para-magnetic Substances, 301 List of Equatorial or Dia-magnetic Substances, 391, 392 Plucker and Magnetism, 393, 394 Tyndall's Experiments, 394 Magneto-electricity (see also Experiments), 370 Alliance Machine, 379 and Faraday, 378 Pixii, 378 Saxton, 378 Clarke's Magneto-electrical Machine, 377-379 Electric Hlumination, 380 The JabloclikotT Candle, 380 Holmes' Machine, 379 Magnet and Galvanometer, 378 The Gramme Machine, 380-383 Jablochkoff Candle, 380 "Permanent" Magnet, 379 Manganese Dioxide, see Experiments Manikins, 53, 54 Marconi and Wireless Telegraphy, 533 Marsh Gas, 201 Mass, 50 Matches, Safety, 256, 267 Loud-exploding, 256 Lucifer, 253, 265, 256 Mechanical Mixture, as Opposed to Chemical Combination, 105- 108 of Gases, 4 Men ton and Astronomy, 27 Metal, Rose's Fusible, 542 Metals, Table of Conduction o^ Heat in, 660 Microphone (see also Telephone, etc.). Home-made Instruments, 359-302 Hughes' Instrument, 359 Invention, 359 Microphotography, 223 Microscopes and Telescopes, 485 To make a Simple, 486-488 Mist, Evening (or Earth Fog), 587, 603 Modern Locomotives (see also Steam Engine), C26, 027 Momentum, 50 Monoscope, 493, 494 Moon, Experiment to Demonstrate Eclipse of, 29 Moors, Cliemistry and the, 103, 101 Morehouse (Comet C 1908), 45, 40 Morning Fog, 587 Motion of the Earth round the Sun, 32 Muschenbroeck of Leyden, 105 Nasmyth*8 Hammer, 85 Nature, Example of Osmosis in, 8 of an Element, 108, 109 Photographs, 207 "N" Rays (Radio-activity), 527 Necrosis, 256 Newcomen and the Steam Engine, 610 Engine of, 013 Newton and Astronomy, 27 and Gravitation, 14 the Steam Engine, 007 Newton's Rings (st»e also Light), 499 Newtonian Tlieory of Light, see Light Ni^pce and Photography, 208 Nitre, see Potash, Nitrate of Nitrogen (see also Experiments), 133 Nollet's Experiment in Osmosis, 8 Nonius and Astronomy, 27 Opaque Lantern, 462, 463 Optics and Optical Instruments, see Light Osmosis, 7, 8 in Nature, Example of, 8 Nollet's Experiment, 8 versus Gravity, 8 Oxy-calcium Light (see also Experiments), 128, 154-158 Oxygen (see also Experiments), 111-131 and its Effects on the Human System, 128, 129 Discovered by Priestley, 118, 119 Discovery Claimed by Lavoisier, 120 Oxy-hydrogen Blow-pipe, 153, 154 Oxy Salts, 95 INDEX 673 Ozone, Properties of (see also Experiments). 132, 133 The Allotropic Condition of Oxygen, 131-133 Page, and the Telephone, 348, 349 Palladiotype Process (Photography), 214 Para-magnetic Bodies, see Magnetism — Dia-magnetism Passiveness, or Inertia, see Inertia and Experiments Pendulum Demonstrating Inertia, 12 Percussion, Centre of, with Demonstrations, 62-65 Periodic Comets, 43 Perkins' Steam Gun, 572 "Permanent" Magnet, see Magneto-electricity Philosopher's Stone, 103 Wool, 125 Philosophical Toys — Iridescent Colour Disc, 50G Kaleidoscopic Colour Top, 485 Perforated Discs, 483, 484 The Thaumatrope, 482 Zoetrope, 480 Transactions, 105, 142, 203 Phonograph (see also Telephone, etc.), 352-35C Phosphorescence, see Light Phosphorus (see also Experiments), 251 Amorphous, or Red, 255 Appearance of, 257 Canton's, 398, 399 Dangers of, 253, 256 Production of, 251, 252 Properties of (see also Experiments), 251, 252 Photography, 206 Animated Pictures, 211 Apparatus, 209, 210 Archer and the Collodion Emulsion, 209 by "N" Rays, see "N" Rays by "X" Rays, see "X" Rays Carbon Process, 211-214 Cinematography, 211 Daguerrotypes, 208 Diazotype Process, 216 Fox-Talbot Process, 208, 209 Half-tone Process, 218, 220 Half-tone Tricolour Process, 220-222 Living (Animated) Pictures, Cinematography, 211 Microphotograpliy, 223 Ni^pce, Partner of Daguerre, 208 Platinotype, Iridiotype and Palladiotype Prooe«Ri»«, 214 Sir John Herschel, Discoverer of Fixing Salt, 208 Stickv-emulsion ProcoRs, 211-210 The Dry Plate, 210, 211 Zinco Process, 217, 21S 2 X 674 INDEX Pixii and Magneto ^Machines, 378 Planets and Sun, Gravitation on, 15 of our Solar System, Density of, 78 Platinotype Process (Photography), 214 Platinum, Spongy, 146, 147, 155^ 156 Wire, How to Hold, 241 Plucker and Magnetism, 393, 394 Plumb-line Demonstrating Gravitation, 15 Polarisation of Light, see Light Polarised Light and Faraday's Glass, 388 Polonium, 532 Polymorphism, 107 Porous Cell, Hydrogen in (Diffusion of Gases), 5 Pots, 92 Potash, Chlorate of and Nitrate of (see also Experiments), 121 Nitrate of (see also Experiments), 106-108 Potassium Burns on Contact with Water, 11-12 Iodide, 130, 297, 298 on Water, Demonstrating Gravity (see also Experiments), 15 Prawn Syphon, or Filter, 90 Priestley, Discoverer of Oxygen Gas, 118, 119 Prominences (Rose Coloured) in Sun, 38 Nature of, 39 Properties of Matter, 1 Ozone (see also Experiments), 132-133 Pseudo-Effects of Vision, 497 Pseudoscope, 496, 497 Purchase of Chemicals, Caution with Regard to, 115 Pyramid and Astronomy, 26 Stability of the, 59 Pythagoras and Astronomy, 27 Quantity EflFects, 297 Radiation Thermometers, 586 Radiators, Good and Bad, 587, 591-593 Radio-active Elements, etc., 530 Actinium (not an Element), 532 Discovery of Radium (an Element), 531 Polonium (not an Element), 532 Radio-activity, 524 The Discovery of, 531 "N" Ravs, 527 'X" Rays, 524 Radium, 531 Properties of, 532-533 Rags Converted into Sugar, 115-116 Readings of Thermometers and Conversions C. How to Take, CO, 71, 72, 74, 75 Spectra of Halley's Comet with Venus, 47 Spectroscope, The, 473 and Astronomy, 475, 477 How to Use, 470 In Analysis, 474 Discovery, 470-479 Spray, Tlie, as a Disinfecting Appliance, 248 Stability of Living Bodies, 01 Loaded Veliicles, 00 Pyramid, 59 Stars, Shooting, 40 Steam (see also Experiments), 594 P^ngine, Blasco de Garay and the, 007 Boulton and Watt and the, 019 In England, 008 Marquis of Worcester and the, 608, 610 ^lodern Locomotives, 026, 027 Newcomen and tlie, 010 Savery's, 009, 010 Scott's Generator, 024 Stirling's Engine, 553 Stephenson and the, 022 The Evolution of the, 006 Newcomen Engine, 013 Watt, and the, 013 Fountain (or Engine) of Hero, 599, 007 In Colliery Practice, 598, 599 Latent Heat of, at Various Temperatures, 005 Perkins' Steam Gun, 572 Steinheil and the Electric Telegraph, see Telegraph Stephenson and the Steam Engine (see also above), 022 Stereomonoscope (or Stereomoscope ) , 494, 495 Stereoscope (see also ^lonoscope), 489-493 Sticky-emulsion Process (Photography), 214-216 Stirling's Engine, 553 Stool Insulating, 272 Strontium Nitrate, 124, 125 Sublimation, 99 Sugar from Rags, 115, 116 Sulphate of Barium, Discovery of, 398 Sulphur (see also Experiments), 100-108, 121, 244-248 As a Disinfectant (see also Spray), 248 Production of, 244 Properties of (see also Experiments), 245 Salts, 95 Sulphuric Acid (see also Sugar from Rags), 115-110 Sun (see also Experiments), 27 and Planets, Gravitation on the, 15 "Corona," 38 INDEX 677 Sun. Continued. Powell's Imitation of, 38 Description of Annular Eclipse of the, 36 Total Eclipse of the, 37 Difference Between Total and Annular Eclipses of the, 30 Eclipses of the, 39 *"Glory," 38 Nature of the 'Clouds," 40 Nature of the Flames, 40 the Rose-coloured Prominences, 39 Zodiacal Light, 40 Nearer to Earth in Winter, 31 Rosecoloured Prominences, 38 Surface-plates and Cohesion, 80 Switchback, 50 Sword-balancing, 54 -tricks, 62-63 Synthesis of Light (see Light, Analysis and Synthesis of), 469 Syphon or Filter of Geber, 89, 90 Prawn, 90 Table of Conduction of Heat in Metals, 560 Elements, 110 Talbot, Fox, and Photography, 208 Tea, Cup of, Demonstrating Inertia, 14 Telegraph, Electric, 321 Alphabet for Home-made Instrument, 334 Mirror and Needle, 337, 533 Morse, 337, 533 Bain's Chemical Telegraph, 338, 345 Bakewell and Casselli's Copying Telegraph, 345 Bakewell's Copying Telegraph, 345, 346 Davj' and the Telegraph, 345 Dots and Dashes, see Alphabet above Double-needle Telegraph, Cooke and Wheatstone's, 329, 330 Duplex System, 341, 344 Earth-return Connections, 322, 323, 327, 361 Fast Repeater, G. P. O. Pattern, 342 How to make a Simple Instrument, 330-336 Hughes' Printing Telegraph, 344, 345 Lightning Protectors, 327, 328 Military Morse Field Sounder, 347, 348 Morse Inker, G. P. O. Pattern, 330 Key (Double Current), and Switch, G. P. O. Pattern, 336 (Single Current), G. P. O. Pattern, 330 Sounder, O. P. O. Pattern, 338 Multiplex System, 344 Plate Sounder, G. P. O. Pattern, 340 Quadruplex Repeater, O. P. O. Pattern, 343 System, 341, 344 678 INDEX Telegraph. Continued. Relaying Sounder, G. P. O. Pattern, 338 Relays, 340, 341 Short-circuits, 323 Simple Instrument to make, 330-336 Single-Needle Instrument, G. P. O. Pattern, 331 Sounder System, 339 Steinheil's Discovery of Earth Connections, 322 The Battery, 322 Bell, 328, 329 Battery, 329 Conducting Wires, 323 Writing Telegraph, 34G Wheatstone's A. B. C. Instruments, G. P. O. Pattern, 332 Wireless (see also Wireless Telegraphy), 533 Telephone, Phonograph and Microphone, 348 •'Articulating," The, 349 Bell's Discoveries, 350 Earth-Currents (see also Earth-Currents in Telegraph), 351 Edison's Discoveries, 356 Electric Writing, 356, 357 Gower's Discoveries, 352 Gray's Discoveries, 349 Home-made Telephones, 350, 352 Lord Kelvin's Announcement of the, 348 Loud-speaking Telephone, 356-358 Page's Discoveries, 348, 349 Reiss' Discoveries, 349 Tone Telephones, 349 Toy Telephones, 350 Varley's Discoveries, 349 Telephony, Wireless (see also Wireless Telephony), 534 Telescope, Astronomical, 434-435 Telescopes and Microscopes, Simple, 485 To make, 486-489 Temperatures of Boiling Points, 603-605 Steam and Latent Heat, 005 Tenacity, 82 Test for Carbonic Acid Gas (see also Experiments, Carbon), 4, 227, 229 Testing Seeds on Flannel, 91 Thales and Astronomy, 26 Electricity, 262 Thaumatrope (see also Philosophical Toys), 482 Theories of Light, see Light Thermometer, Conversion of Readings of C. —Gas, 144, 145 — Hammer, 83 Retained in Sieve, 91, 92 Spiders, Imitation of, 258 To Demonstrate Centrifugal Force, 24 To Demonstrate Inertia, 13 Turbine, 383, 628 Wheel, 383 Watery Fusion, 98 Watt and the Steam Engine, CI 3 Weight, Balancing of, 02 Wheatstone and Light, see Kaleidoscope Magnetism, see Magneto-electricity Wheatstone's Telegraph, see Telegraph Will-o'-the-Wisp, 201 WireU^ss Telegraphy, 533 Alphabet, 337,' 533 Marconi, 533 Telephony, 534 and Gavey, 534 History of, 534-535 Principle and Uses of, 534-536 Wood and Nail, Demonstrating Impenetrability, 1 Floating on Water, Demonstrating Gravity, 15 Wool and Alcohol, Demonstrating Impenetrability, 1, 2 Philosopher's, 125 Worcester, ^larquis of, and the Steam Engine, 608, 610 Worm-glow, and Oxygen, 126 "X," or Rontgen Rays, 524 "X" Ray Photography, 527 Yoxing and Light (see Light), 404, 405 Zinc, Oxide of, 125 Zinco-Process (see also Photography), 217-218 Zodiacal Light, Nature of, 40 Zoetrope and other Philosophical Toys, 480 ILHAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD. 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