None
The putrefaction caused by the activity of lower organisms — ^bacilli, badteria, etc. — in albuminous bodies gives rise not only to fatty acids as far as caproic acid, but also to 6'amidwaleru acid (p. 359) (B. 24, \7fiii\/phenyl-acetic acid, CfH^CH, . C(X)H, ^oxypKenylpro^onU acid, HO[4]C,H4[i]CH,.CH,.CO,H, phenol, C,HjOH, w»M <^H4 { [JjNh')^"' '^'^^ ^ ^-mithyUndol, C^H^ | [JJn^!!!^^^' zkatoUarhoxylU acid, C^H^ | [2 jN^!!!^ ' COfi, and skatol-acetic acid, Basic compounds also result in this decomposition. These are the diamines and imines of the paraffin series, and have been called /^^mam^j or toxincs (p. 310). Indol and skatol have also been obtained from albumin by the action of caustic potash. Certain pathogenic micro-organisms, as diphtheria and anthrax bacilli, produce a decomposition that is far more extended, and results in the formation of poisonous substances somewhat similar to albumin and peptone, which have been termed t0xaUmmins : these lose their toxic properties when their aqueous solutions are heated (B. 23, R. 251). The nitrogenous derivatives of albumin, voided with urine, can not in general be obtained artificially from the albuminous bodies. The organism, by oxidation and decomposition, changes albumin into an ammonium salt, which is then further syn- thetically worked up, chiefly in the liver, to urea, uric acid, and other amido-bodies. 582 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. The albuminates are usually insoluble in water. Their presence in the juices or fluids of the living organism is entirely due to the pres- ence of salts and other substances, which are but partly understood. They are insoluble in alcohol and ether; most of them are precipitated on boiling in weak acetic acid solution, also by acetic acid and potas- sium ferrocyanide, or acetic acid and sodium sulphate, and by certain mineral acids, as well as by salts of the heavy metals. Many albuminous substances are separated from solution by boiling, by alcohol, by mineral acids, etc. They are coagulated. Their solubility is entirely changed. This is not the case with the so-called precipitates. Propeptone precipitated by alcohol dissolves after the removal of the latter as readily in water as before the precipitation. Reactions. — All albuminous bodies are colored a violet-red on warming with a curie nitrate solution containing a little nitrous acid (this is like tyrosine) (Millon's reagent). A yellow color is produced when they are digested with nitric acid. This becomes a gold yellow on neutralization with ammonia. OCantkofiroteic reaction). The albuminous substances yield beautiful violet-colored solutions on digesting them with fuming sulphuric acid. Caustic potash and copper sulphate also impart a red to violet coloration to albuminous solutions (Biuret reaction). On the addition of sugar and concentrated sulphuric acid they acquire a red coloration, which on exposure to the air becomes dark violet. If concentrated sulphuric acid be added to the acetic acid solution of albuminous bodies, they receive a viciet coloration and show a characteristic absorption band in the spectrum. The manner of distinguishing and classifying the various albuminous substances is yet very uncertain. The original albumins, occurring in nature, are albumin, globulin, casein, gluten proteins, etc., while the secondary modifications obtained from them through the agency of chemicals or ferments are: acidalbumins, albuminates, coagulated albumins, fibrins, propeptones, peptones, etc. Many of these modifications result from the breaking-down of the molecule of the original albumin. It is well worth noting in such instances that the decomposition product still maintains the essential character of the albuminous substances just as the starch molecules yield molecules of grape sugar, which, like the starch, continue as carbohydrates. The breaking-down of the original albumin, in the reactions referred to, is proved by the astonishing fall in molecular weight. This has been partly determined by the method of Raoul (p. 32, and in part by testing the electric conductivity (Skand. Arch. Physiolog. 5, 337). The decomposition is also evidenced by the fact that the proportion of the carbon to the nitrogen in the decomposition product frequently varies from that in the other decomposition product, just as much as it varies between these substances in the parent body (Schiniedeberg, Arch. exp. Path. 39). This decomposition of the albumin molecule is a hydrolytic decomposition. See albumin substances, p. 583. In a certain Number of secondary albumin modifications ammonia, sulphur, and amidoacids, like leucine and tyrosine, etc., have been split off, without the lots of the essential character of the albumin. Of pre-eminent importance is the fact that the organs of the living animal body have the power of synthesizing the original albumin from the products with lower molecular weights. This is certainly similar to the formation of glycogen — the animal starch, from grape sugar, in the liver. Many substances, not all of which have heretofore been classed as substances, split off sugar when treated with acids; they are therefore glucoseides (Z. physiolog. Gi. la, 389. I. Albumina, soluble in water, dilute acids and alkalies, dilute and saturated solutions of sodium chloride or magnesium sulfate. Coagulated by heat. Serum, egg, milk, and vegetable albumin belong in this class. Nitrous acid converts egg albumin into yellow desamido-alhumin. This is still digestible. It does not show the biuret reaction (B. 19, 1354). 3. Globulin, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate. These solutions are coagulated on boiling. Magnesium sulfate at 30° precipitates them without any alteration in properties. This class contains: Myosin (muscles), fibrinogen (in the living blood), changing under the influence of fibrin ferment to fibrin; fibrin globulin, obtained from filvin by means of trypsin; serum globulin; etystall-lens globulin and vollin (in the yellow of the egg). 3. Caseins. — Milk casein behaves in general like an albuminate (see under 6), but is distinguished by the fact That when encyme precipitates it in neutral or feebly add solutions in the presence of soluble calcium compounds. This is not the case with the albuminate (B. ag, R. 913). The casein of milk appears also to be combined with a phosphorus-containing body, e, g, with nudein, r. or this reason some writers classify casein with the nucleo-albumins. Caseins also occur in plants. The Gluten Proteins are characterized by their physical properties. In the hydrolysis they are pasty, elastic masses. They only occur in wheat flour. Here they constitute the chief essential for bread-making. Glutin is insoluble in water, and sparingly soluble in water containing a very little dilute acid or alkali. Its solubility in alcohol (60-70 volume per cent.) is very characteristic. Some gluten proteins when decomposed yield large quantities of glutaminic acid. Thus, Rhthausen, obtained not less than 25 percent of glutaminic acid from mucedin. 5. Acid Albumins or Syntonins are insoluble in water and salts, soluble in hydrochloric acid or a soda solution, do not expei carbonic acid from calcium carbonate, and are precipitated in arum solution by neutral metallic salts of the alkalies and alkaline earths. Custic alkali converts them into albuminate. The acid albumins are produced by treating the albumins, globulins, etc., with hydrochloric acid, or with other acids (B. a8, R. 858). 6. Albuminates, insoluble in water and salts, readily soluble in dilute acids and a soda solution, expel carbonic acid from calcium carbonate. They can be predicated without alteration from add, as well as alkalisie, solutions by saturation with solutions of neutral salts of the alkalies. and alkaline earths. The albuminates are produced when albumin, globulin, etc., are treated with caustic alkali. Coagulated Albuminous Substances. — They are insoluble in water and salt solutions, and scarcely soluble in dilute acids. They are obtained by heating other albumins, or by the addition of alcohol, certain mineral acids and metallic salts. Fibrins, insoluble in water, scarcely soluble in a salt solution, and in other salts, or in dilute acids, formed from globulin by a ferment in discharged blood. The process of blood coagulation is expressed according to the investigations of Schmieder (Arch. ezp. Path. 31, 8) by the following equation: (CinH«N,^.), + H,0 = C«H,Np,^SO« + C,H,N_Sp. FibnocKen Fibrin Fibrin Fibrin. Filtration or Albumoses (B. 39, R. 518). Certain modifications are produced by the action of the enzymes of the gastric juice or pepsin upon the albuminous bodies. This is largely due to the hydrolytic decomposition induced in the process of digestion. They can be predpitated by a saturated ammonium sulphate solution at 30°, and also at higher temperatures. The albumoses cannot be precipitated either by boiling their neutral or acidulated solution, nor by the no-longed action of alcohol upon them, although they are insoluble in strong alcohol, and are precipitated by the latter. They are partly soluble in water, and partly insoluble. They resemble the albumins and globulins very much, and by prolonged digestion they finally pass into— Peptones, which are perfectly soluble in water, acids, alkalies and salts of the light metals. They cannot Be separated from their solutions either by heat, nitric acid, by acetic acid and ferrocyanide of potassium, or by ammonium sulfate. Phosphotungstic acid frequently precipitates the peptones in the presence of hydrochloric acid, mercuric chloride, basic lead acetate, alcohol, etc., incompletely. The albuminous substances, when acted upon by pepsin and dilute hydrochloric acid at 30°-40°, are dissolved, completely digested, and at first are converted into syntonins or add albumins, then into albumins or propeptones, and finally into so-called peptones, which dissolve readily in water, are not coagulated by heat, and are not precipitated by most reagents (B. z6, 1 152; zy, R. 79). For the molecular weight and constitution of the peptones, consult B. 25, R. 643; 26, R. 22. The enzyme of pancreas and the ferments of decay produce real peptone from albumin. It is noteworthy that albumin is changed by water above 100°, best in the presence of a small quantity of a mineral acid, into albumoses and peptone. It is very certain that the peptones result from the hydrolytic decomposition of albumin, and in the organism again revert to coagulable albumin. There is also a series of bodies more or less closely related to albumin. Some are of a more complex structure than albumin itself, because they are albumin compounds. Others show the character of a more or less advanced stage of decomposition of the albumin molecule. In the first class, we find: (a) The albumin glucosides. These have received mention. Then follows the large family of mucus bodies — e.g.y the group of mucin of mucus, and of the hyalogens. These represent compounds of the albuminous substances with the carbohydrates. Nuclein. — This occurs in cell-nuclei. It yields albumin and nuclei acid by hyarol, sesquioxide, and albumin. These are found in the nuclei doses, such as xanthine, guanine, adenine, hyarol, and even sometimes carbohydrates, linked in an ether-like form very probably with phosphoric acid. The very rarying composition of the nucleins would indicate a large family, which would attach itself to the so-called nuclein. See B. 27, 2215, for the decomposition of nucleic acid by acid. Hemoglobin possesses great importance from a physiological standpoint. It has been pretty thoroughly studied chemically. HEMOOLOBINES. The oxyhamoglobins are found in the arterial blood of animals and may be obtained in crystalline form from the blood corpuscles by treatment with a solution of sodium chloride and ether, and the addition of alcohol. The different oxyhamoglobins, isolated from the blood of various animals, exhibit some variations, especially In crystalline form, their elementary composition approximates that of albumin readily. It differs, however, by an iron content of 0.4 percent. If the molecular weight of haemoglobin be calculated on the supposition that it contains an atom of iron, the value obtained exceeds 13,000. The haemoglobin are bright red, crystalline powders, very soluble in cold water, and are precipitated in crystalline form by alcohol. When the aqueous solution of oxyhaemoglobm is placed under the air-pump or when it is exposed to the agency of reducing agents (ammonium sulfide) it parts with oxygen and becomes hamoglobin. The latter is also present in venous GELATINOUS TISSUB8. $S$ blood, and may be separated out in a crystalline form (B. 19, 128). Its aqueous solution absorbs oxygen very rapidly from the air, and returns again to oxyhsemo-globin. Both bodies in aqueous solution exhibit characteristic absorption spectra, whereby they may be easily distinguished. If carbon monoxide be conducted into the oxyhsemo-globin solution, oxygen is also displaced and haemoglobin-carbon monoxide formed. This can be obtained in large crystals with a bluish color. This explains the poisonous action of carbon monoxide. The bluish-red solution of haemoglobin-carbon monoxide shows two characteristic absorption spectra. These do not disappear upon the addition of ammonium sulfide (distinction from oxyhsemo-globin). On heating to 70°, or through the action of acids or alkalies, oxyhsemo-globin is split up into albuminous bodies, tatty acids and the dye-stuff A^ma/otAromtgrn, which in contact with free oxygen changes to JkamaHttf which in a dry condition is a dark brown. powder. It contains 9 percent of iron, and, as it appears, corresponds to the formula, CMH^FeN^O^. The addition of a drop of glacial acetic acid and very little salt to oxyhomboglobin (or dried blood) aided by heat, produces microscopic reddish-brown crystals of haematin hydrochloride, C^HsiN^O^O^ (B. 99, 2877); alkalies separate haematin, C^HsiN^OsFeOH, again from it. The production of these salts seems as a delicate reaction for the detection of blood. The great physiological importance of haemoglobin is evident from the fact that in the lungs it removes the oxygen from inhaled air, holds it loosely combined, and passes it over to the various organs in the course of circulation—that is, it renders the oxidation processes possible by transferring oxygen to them. Hydrogen bromide contains haematin into Hamaioporphyrtn, QyJA^^^^ (Nencki and Sieber, B. 21, R. 433). This is closely allied to Phylophyrin, C.U.gN.O. This is obtained by fusing phyllocyanin with caustic soda. Chrobhyu treated with concentrated acids yields phyllocyanin. The absorption spectra of the neutral and acid solutions of both bodies are identical, and only differ in that the lines of haemato-porphyrin are moved a shade toward the red. The two bodies probably bear the same relation to each other that are observed existing between purpurine and oxyanthraquinone. That is, they are different stages of oxidation of one and the same nucleus substance (E. Schunck and L. Marchlewski, A. 290, 306; B. 29, 2877). This kinship corresponds to an analogous physiological action. Consequently, haemoglobin attracts free oxygen and surrenders it in the organs when it is required, whereas chlorophyll liberates oxygen from carbonic acid and water in order to present it to the living animal. As the lower fungi, without chlorophyll, are capable of building up carbohydrates. Fats, and albumins from many molecules which contain the groups CH, and CHOH, there seems to be no doubt that synthetic work can be executed by the living cell substance to which (in the green portion of plants) the requisite atomic groups are presented by processes of reduction (privately communicated by EX Pflflger). The following substances are produced by the decomposition of albuminous bodies. They still retain the albumin character, but in a somewhat modified form: QBLATIN0U8 TI8UB8 AND OBLATINB8. These are mostly nitrogenotis, organized substances, which on boiling with water are converted into gelatines (glue). Olutin, gelatine, swells up in cold water, and on boiling dissolves to a thin leucoratatory solution, which gelatinizes on cooling. By the addition of concentrated acetic acid or protracted boiling with a little nitric acid, the solution loses the property of gelatinizing (liquid gelatine). Tannic acid precipitates from the aqueous solution gelatine, a yellowish, glutinous precipitate. The substances yielding gelatine combine also with tannic acid, withdrawing the latter completely from its solubility and forming lard, Glycocoll, leucine, and other anti-ty acids are the principal substances produced on boiling gelatine with dilute sulfuric acid or alkalies. When glutin is heated with hydrochloric acid on a water-bath there results a glutin-peptone chlorhydrate, soluble in anhydrous methyl and ethyl alcohol. The glatin peptones can be obtained from it. Dry distillation produces pyrrol and pyridine bases (bone-oil). Glutin peptone contains, as shown by its behavior with nitrous acid, at least three different kinds of N-atoms. One of these exists as NH, the second as NH, and the third as a tertiary N-atom (B. ag, 1084). Alcoholic hydrochloric acid changes gelatin into a compound that nitrous acid contains into a substance, C(OH), very similar to the diaxo fatty-acids. It may be that it represents diaxo-Qzyacrylic ester, CN, C(OH). CO, C(OH) (B. 19, 850). Although gelatin in its composition is very similar to albumin, it cannot replace the specific functions of albumin in the animal metabolism. Bone, fat, and cartilaginous tissues are produced according as certain substances are arranged in their gelatinous parts by lime and magnesium salts, or by fats, etc. Chondrin results on boiling ordinary cartilage. It is a mixture of gland and certain compounds of chondrolt-sulphuric acid with gelatine and albuminous bodies on the one side and alkalies on the other (Schmiedberg: Arch. exp. Pathol, and Fharmakol. a8). Slightly defined, the constitution of chondrin is as follows: CO.  is interesting to observe that its nitrogen exists as glucosamine (p. 550), because Ledderhose (p. 550) has demonstrated that when chitin is decomposed with hydrochloric acid gluco-samine and acetic acid result. Hence, Schmiedebeig believes that the following equation has value: q.H2N2O2  of hair, nails, etc. It contains a variable but at times a very high sulphur content (0.7 to 5.0 percent). (B. aS, R. 561). Notwithstanding it approximates the percentage composition of albumin very closely, ceratin gives almost the same decomposition products as albumin, leucine and tyrosine. BILIARY SUBSTANCES. UNORGANIZED PERIODS OR BZYIB8. Unorganized ferments playing an important part in fermentation, in many processes of decay, and in digestion, appear to be closely related to the albuminous substances. They are soluble in water. Boiling water destroys their activity. Enzymes are the cause of the hydrolysis of glucosides, and in fermentation their role appears to be the decomposition of the polysaccharides, which are to be regarded as glucosides. The configuration of the glucosides (B. a8, 984, 1429) exercises a very definite influence upon the action of the enzyme. The following are of Vegetable origin: Inverting diastase (p. 100), emulsin or synaptase, present in bitter almonds, myrrh, found in mustard seeds, papain, etc. In the digestive juices of animals, we have pytane (irroo, etc.), in the saliva, pepsin (irroo, etc.), in the gastric juice, and other enzymes. BILIARY SUBSTANCES. In the bile, the liquid secretion of the liver, which effects the emulsion and reabsorption of the fats, occur the sodium salts of two peculiar acids, glycocholic and taurocholic; also lecithin (p. 475), cholerine and bile pigments — bilirubin, biliverdin. Various views prevail in regard to the origin of the latter. The relationship to the albuminous bodies has never been determined. Cholalic Acid, C2H2O. (B. 27, 1339; A. S. R. 332; Ag. R. 142), melting at 195°, when anhydrous, is a monobasic acid. It is obtained together with glyco-colic acid as a decomposition product of glyco-colic acid, and with taurine as a product of the decomposition of taurine. Glyco- and taurine acids exist as sodium salts in the bile. In preparing cholalic acid, chloro- and taurine, una-fusic acid, have been discovered. It forms a blue compound with iodine, quite similar to that given by staroh and iodine (B. 28, 783; R. 720). When oxidized with potassium permanganate it yields not only acetic acid, but also ophthalmic acid (B. 29, R. 346). Taurine acid, CH2O2, NH2O2, CH2O2 (rdvpois, ox; X0X1I9 gall), is very soluble in water and alcohol, and when boiled with water. Bromide, CuHjOi. NH. CH, CO,H, melts at 133, or boiled with alkalies it decomposes into glycocoll and cholalic acid (P- 354). Cholesterine, CuHjOi. OH, is a monohydric alcohol, occurring not only in the bile, but in the blood, in the brain, and in the yolk of eggs, also in wool-fat. It is soluble in alcohol, crystallizes in mother-of-pearl leaflets, containing 1H,0, and possessing a fatty feel. It parts with its water of crystallization at 100°, melts at 145°, and distils at 360° with scarcely any decomposition. It crystallizes from ether in prisms. Cholestene, CuHjOi, melting at 90° (B. 27, R. 301), is formed by the reduction of its chloride. See B. 29, R. 906, for the oxidation products of cholesterine. Lanoline, obtained from raw sheep's wool, contains esters of cholesterine and isocholesterine (melting at 138°) with the higher fatty acids. It is applied as a salve, as it will take up water and is absorbed by the skin. The soaps resulting from the saponification of laooline were found to contain Lanopodium Am, CgHgO, melting at 104°, Lanopodium Acid, CgHgO, melting at 87°, myristic acid (p. 250), and Camaubau Acid, CgHgO, (B. 39, 2890). Substances similar to cholesterine have also been detected in plants. Fhytosterine, isomeric with cholesterine, is present in plant seeds and sprouts (B. 114, 187), and p. Amyrtnes (B. 24, 3836) obtained from elemiresin, as well as lupeol (B. 24, 2709), present in seed shells of Ziprinus Lufus, are similar to cholesterine. INDEX. AcicoNiTic acid, 519 Acedkmine, 270 AceUldehyde, 75, 195, 244, 295, 383, 407 hydrmione, 207 Aoetaldoxime, 206 amide, 246, 265 amidine, 270 benzalhydraiine, 265 bromamide, 265 cUonunide, 265 dibiomamide, 169 gnanamide, 412 guanamine, 412 njdrazide, 26$ hydrozamic acid, 270 imidoethyl ether, 269 •ucdnic ester, 501, 530 imide, 502 tricaiballylic ester, 50a Acetals, 124, 200 Acetates, 245 Acetic acid (glacial), 245 amide, 265 anhydride, 261 erter, 255 salU, 245 fermentation, 244 fimgns, 244 Acetines, 475 Aceto-acetic acid, 210, 372, 402 Acetoacetic aldehyde, 319 ««»««•» 55. 321, 373. 377. 439 semicarbaione, 405 nitrile, 378 Aceto-acrylic acid, 382 bntyl alcohol, 217, 388 hatyric acid, 346, 38a chlorhydroie, 550 fflntaric ester, 502 isobut3rric acid, 380 nitrile, 268, 440 propionic acid, 379 propyl alcohol, 318 Acetol, 317 Acetone, 214, 246, 372, 472, 484 alcohol, 317 chloride, 102, 218 chloroform, 214, 337 diacetic acid, 503 dialkyl snlphene, 218 dicarboxylic add, 501 dioxalic ester, 538 ethyl mercaptol, 218 glycerol, 476 monocarboxylic add, 372 oxalic acid, 484 phenyl hydraxone, 221 semicarbasone, 405 Acetonic acid, 337 Acetonyl acetoacetic ester, 484 acetone, 324 dioxime, 327 acetonosazone, 328 area, 402 nric acid, 402 Acetoxime, 220 Acetoximic acid, 327 Acetoxyl oxamide, 436 ▼alerolactone, 380 AcetoxymaleTc anhydride, 495 Acetnric add, 356 Acetyl -acetoacetic ester, 484 acetonamine, 319 acetone, 323, 400 bromide, 259 bntyiyl, 322 methane, 324 carbinol, 317, 476 chloride, 119, 165, 259, 484 cyanacetic ester, 499 cyanide, 370 dibromacrylic acid, 383 duulphide, 262 ethyl carbinol, 317 formic acid, 369 formy], 32 1 glntaric adds, 502 glyoxylic add, 484 iodide, 259 589 590 INDEX. Acetyl-isobutyryl, 322 isocaproyi, 322 isocyanate, 418 isovaleryl, 322 lactic acid, 340 Isevulinic acid, 380 malonic acid, 499 methyl carbolic acid, 379 methyl carbolic acid, 317 ethyl ketone, 322, 324 nitrolic acid, 371 propyl ketone, 322 macobromic acid, 365 propyl ketone, 322 macobromic acid, 365 propionyl, 322 hydrazone, 328 methane, 322 osazone, 328 pseudo-sulphocarbamide, 410 pyroracemic acid, 484 sulphide, 262 urethane, 394, 418 Acetylene, 82, 95 alcohols, 132 dicarboxylic acids, 96, 468 dichloride, 105 dinitro-diurelne, 400 diorea, 400 glycols, 297 tetrabromide, 104 tetrachloride, 103 Acetylideoe dichloride, 105 tetrachloride, 103 Achroodextrine, 578 Acid albumins, 583 amides, 262 anhydrides, 259 chlorides, 257 decomposition of acetoacetic ester, 375 of oxal-acetic ester, 499 esters, 253 haloids, 257 hydrazides, 265 nitriles, 266 peroxides, Acidyls, 544 Acidyl thiocarbium, 425 Aconic acid, 495 Aconitoxalic ester, 518 Aconitoxalic ester, 539 Acridine, 74 Acrite, 541, 588 Acrolein, 208 ammonia, 208 bromide, 208 Acrose, 587, 208 Acrylic acid, 280, 334 Activity, optical, 46, 67 Adenine, 516 Adenine acid, 584 Adenine acid, 584 Adenine acid, 454, 538, 569 Adonite, 534 Agave americana, 576 Alacreatin, 412 Alanine, 356 Albumin, crystallized, 581 Albumin, crystallized, 583 Albumins, 583 Alcohol acids, 329, 479, 485, 521, 527, 529, 564, 567, 569, 571 Alcoholates, 124 Alcoholic fermentation, 120, 547 Alcoholometer, 123 Alcohols, 109, 289, 469, 519, 533, 540 conversion of primary into secondary and tertiary, 115, 116 Aldazines, 535, 546 Aldehyde acids, 363, 568 alcohols, 315, 477, 520, 534, 542 alkylunides, 161 ammonia, 124, 205, 402, 407, 408 chloride, 201 cyanhydrins, 350 dihaloids, 201 form, 319 halohydrins, 202 hydrazones, 201 form, 319 halohydrins, 202 hydrazones, 207 imides, 192 resin, 196 Aldehydes, 39, 53, 187, 224 Aldehydes, 39, 53, 187, 224 Aldehydes, 39, 53, 547 Aldine, 319 Aldehydes, 553 hexoses, 548, 557 monoses, 553 octoses, 553 octoses, 534 Aldol, 213, 316 condensation, 193 of diacetyl, 520 Aldoximes, 206 Aliphatic substances, 77 Alkali metal alkyls, 184 Alkanes, 79 INDEX. 59 1 Alkarstne, 177 Alkelnes, 30S Alkenes, S9 Alkines, 95 Alkjl-acetoacetic esteiSt 377 Alkylamines, 159 Alkyl ammonium compoirnds, 159 cyanides, 266 disulphides, 150 dithiocarbamic adds, 407 succinic acids, 444 Alkylen diamines, 311 imides, 313 nttiosates, 319 nitrosites, 319 oxides, 298 Alkyl haloids, 138 hydrazines, Z71, 399 bydroxylamines, 172 phosphorus componiids, 173 Alkylens, 89 Alkyls, 79 Alhmtoln, 504 Allanturic acid, 504 AUene, 89, 98 tetracarboxylic acid, 533 tricaiiwzylic add, 519 Allium sadTum, 150 ursinum, 149 Allocinnamic add, 50 Ailo-crotonic acid, 282 isomerism, 50 Allomucic add, 571 AUophanic add, 403 Alloxan, 508 Alloxanic acid, 509 Alloxantin, 509 AUyl acetic acid, 284, 346, 481 alcohol, 130, 131, 208, 277 amine, 169 cyanamide, 426 cyanide, 54 ether, 136 ethyl ether, 143 haloids, 106, 142 iodide, 53, 99. 143, 277, 473 isosnlphocyanic ester, 423 malonic acid, 284, 457 mercaptan, 149 mustard oil, 54, 4^5, 130 rhodonate, 54, I43> 4^3 sncdnic add, 467 sulphide, 143, 150 sulphocarbamic ethyl ester, 406 sulphourea, 409 tridiloride, 472 w«*.399 AUylene, 97, 99i a^Si 4^5 Allylin, 476 Aluminium alkyls, 186 carbide, 81 ethylate, 124 Amalic acid, 510 Amber, 443 Amid-chlorides, 223, 268 Amides, add, 262 cyclic, 357. 359 Amido-acetal, 316 acetaldehyde, 316 acetic add, 354 acetoacetic ester, 483 acetone, 319 alanine, 361 barbituric add, 507 butyric adds, 358, 359 ethyl alcohol, 124, 309 sulphonic add, 306 fatty acids, 351 formic acid, 393 fumaric acid, 495 glutaconic acid, 495 ghitaramic add, 493, 501 glutaric acid, 494 guanidine, 4x5, 550, 576 hydracrylic acid, 481 isethionic acid, 306, 31 x isobutyric add, 219, 357 sucdnic add, 486 ▼aleric add, 358, 357 lactic add, 481 malonic add, 486, 497 malonyl urea, 507, 513 methylene acetoacetic etter, 483 malonic ester, 494 methyl triasole, 415 paraldimine, 206 propionic acid, 206, 356, 448 propyl methyl ketone, 319 pyrotartaric add, 491 succinic add, 489 tetrasotic acid, 415 thiasoles, 408 thiolactic add, 347, 37X nntdl, 513 Taleraldehyde, 317 ▼aleric add, 359, 581 ▼alerolactone, 380 Amidoximes, 223, 271 Amidoxyl nitriles, 206 Amines, 160 Amtno-dioxypnria, 516 [Amino-ethan-add], 354 Amino-ethanal], 3x6 592 INDEX. Amtao-elhideiLe succinic ester, 495, 501 SQCcinimide, 495, 501 Fatty acids (see Amido-fattj acids). [Q-Amino-Donanic add], 385 Ammelide, 427 Ammeline, 427 Ammonium carbonate, 394 cyanate, 417 Amniotic liquid, 575 Amygdalin, 228, 543 Amyl alcohol, 68, 227 glycide ether, 477 hdoids, 140 Amylene glycols, 296 hydrate, 94. 129 ketone anilide, 320 nitrolaniline, 320 Amylenes, 94, 127 Amylo-dextrine, 578 Amyloid, 579 Amylum, 577 Amyrines, 588 Analysis, elementary, 18 Angelica archangelica, 248, 383 lactone, 362 Angelic acid, 50, 283 Anhydrides of carboxylic acids, 259, 338, 428 Anhydro-enneaheptite, 542 Anilido-butyro-lactam, 449 crotonic ester, 363 perchlorcrotonic ester, 449 pyrotartaric acid, 492 succinimide, 449 Aniline, z6i , 492 Anil-pyruYic acid, 371 UTitonic acid, 37 1 Animal substances, 580 Anthemis nobilis, 283 Anthracene, 74, 75 Antiform, 445 Antimony alkyl compounds, 1 79 Antipyrine, 256, 363 Anti-tartaric acid, 526 Apocaffelne, 515 Aqua amygdalarum amararum, 228 Arabic acid, 578 Arabin, 578 Arabinose, 534, 536 carboxylic acid, 566 diacetamide, 536 Arabite, 107, 534 Arabonic acid, 537 Arachidic acid, 249, 250 Arachis hypogtea, 285 Arginine, 581 Argol, 525 Aromatic substances, 78 Arrack, 122, 227 Arsenic alkyl compounds, 1 75 esters, 147 Arsines, 175 Arsinic acids, 178 Arsonic acids, 177 Asparacemic acid, 489 Asparagine, 49t 459f 49© aldehyde, 581 Asparaginimide, 490 As]Mutic acid, 490, 501, 581 Asphaltum, 87 Asymmetric carbon atom, 46 Asymmetry, absolute, 49 relative, 49 Atioonic acids, 465 Atomic rearrangement, intramolecalai^ ▼olume, 60 Axial symmetric configuratioD, 50 Azelaic acid, 285, 455 Azide carbonic ester, 389 Aximethylene, 206 Axin-sucdnic ester, 527 Azo-dicarbonamidine, 415 dicarbonic acid, 405 fatty adds, 361 formamide, 405 formic add, 405 oxazoles, 327 tetrazole, 415 Axulmic acid, 437 BxaLLUS addi Isevolactid, 336 boocopricus, 247 butylicus, 473 ethaceticns, 4iSo subtilis, 247 Bacterium aceti, 244 termo, 2«6 Baldrianic acid, 248 Barbituric acid, 506 Bassorin, 579 Beckmann*s transformation, 320, 285 Beech wood gum, 577 Beer, 122 ▼inegar, 244 Behenic add, 249, 251 Behenolic add, 288, 455 Behenoxylic acid, 288, 484 Benzaldehyde, 75, 228, 2^8 Benzal-glycerol, 476 INDEX. S93 Benzal-bemlinic acid, 380 semicarbazide, 405 Benzene, 74, 96, 528 azocyanacedc ester, 499 sulphonic acid, 135 Benzoic acid, 1x7, 123, 354 Benzoin, 408 Benzoquinone, 75 Benzosazones, 546 Benzoyl chloride, 258 glycocoU, 354 oxycrotonic ester, 36a piperidine, 359 Benzyl isonitroso acetone, 326 Berberis Tulffaris, 487 Beryllium alkyls, 184 Betalne, 3x0, 348 aldehyde, 316 Beta maritima, 573 Tulgaris, 310 Biguanide, 414 Bi-iodo-acetacrylic add, 380 Bilineurine, 309 nibin, 587 Terdin, 587 Bioses, 573 Bis-dialkylazimethylene, 220 dimethylazimethylene, 220, 405 hydrazine carbonyl, 405 Bismuth alkyls, 179 Biuret, 403 reaction, 582 ' Blood color, 585 Boiling point, determination of, 63 relation to constitution, 64 Boletus edulis, 550, 576 Bombyx processionea, 225 Bone oil, 586 tissue, 586 Boric esters, 147 Bomeol, 568 • Boron alkyls, x8o Brain, 476 Brandy, 122 Brassidic acid, 50, a86 Brassylic acid, 286, 455 Brom-acetal, 200, 316 acetaldehyde, 1 99, 3x6 acetic acids, 275 acetoacetic acid, 378 acetol, 215 acetone, 3x7 acetoxime, 3x9 acetylbromide« X05 acetylene, 106, 288 acetyl urea, 400 acrylic acid, 281 Brom alcoholate, x 24, 198 allyl alcohol, X3X anilic acid, 217 butylamine, 31 1 butyl methyl ketone, 2x7, 3x8 butyric acids, 28X cinnamic acids, 50 crotonic acids, 28X ethane, lox, X24, 14X ethines, X04 ethyl amine, 3x1, 404, 4x0 malonic acid, 486 phthalimide, 3x1, 359 ethylene, 95, xoi, 302 fumaric acid, 464 imidocarbonic acid ester, 404 lactic acid, 340 Isevulinic acid, 38 x, 528 maleic acid, 451, 464 malonic acid, 440 mesaconic acid. 464 methacrylic acid, 452 methyl ether acid, 202 nitroethane, X57, 204 form, 159, 383, 387 propane, 157, 204 urethane, 157, 204 oenanlhic acid, 346 oleic acid, 285 pimelic ester, 492 I»opiolic ester, 287 propionic ester, 275, 50X propyl amine, 3x1, 404 methyl ketone, 318 phthalimide, 359 succinic acids, 381, 451, 526 succinyl bromide, 458 trinitromethane, 387 valeric acid, 346 Bromal, X24, 198, 340 Bromalides, 340 Bromhydrin, 474 Bromine determination, 23 Bromoform, X02, X59, X98, 224, 235, 370, 386 picrin, X59, 387 Bunte'ssalt, X53 Butalanine, 357 Butanal], X96 'Butan-di£n], 99 Butandiol], 296 Butandion], 322 [Butane diacid chloride], 446 Butane heptacarboxylic ester, 539 pentacarboxylic acid, 539 tetracarboxylic acid, 532 tricarboxylic acid, 5x0 50 S94 INDEX. Butanes, 84, 85 [Butanol diacid], 487 [ButaDolf], 126 Butanolid, 345 !Butanon], 216 Butanon-acid], 372 Butanon diacidl, 499 EutdiJn carboxyiic acid, 288 Butenyloxjrtricarboxylic add Uctone, 530 [Butine], 98 Butyl acetic acid, 249 acetylene carboxyiic acid, 288 alcohols, 126, ao8 aldehyde, 126, ig6, 208 amine, 167 bromide, 140 chloral, 126, 199, 477, 568 aldol, 477 chlorides, 140 glyceric acid, 480 glycerol, 473 iodides, 140 lactinic acids, 337 mercaptan, X49 nitramines, 171 nitrile, 144 pseudonitrol, 158 sulphide, X49 Butylene glycol, 296 hydrate, X26 Butylenes, 89, 92, 126 Butylidene acetic acid, 284 Butyric acid, 247, 256, 261, 265, 268 fermentation, 548 Butyroln, 297, 318 Butyro lactam, 360 lactone, 276, 345, 360 carboxyiic acid, 346, 486 nitrile, 268 Butyrone, 216 Butyronoxime, 220 Btttyryl butyric acid, 382 chloride, 259 cyanide, 371 formic acid, 370 Cacao, 514, 515 Cacodyl, 178 compounds, 177 hydroxide, 177 Cada^erine, 313 Cadet's Fluid, 176 Caffeldine, 515 caiboxylic acid, 515 CaflFelne, 355, 504, $1$ Cafiinic acid, 5x5 Caffolin, 515 Calcium carbide, 97, 204 Camphor, 445, 518, 568 glucuronic add, 569 phorone, 221, 453 Camphoric add, 445 Camphoronic add, 445, 518 Canarine, 422 Caoutchouc, 99 Capric acid, 950, 256, 265 aldehyde, 196 Caprinone, 215 Caproic acid, 250, 259, 265 Caprolactone, 346, 493 carboxyiic add, 494 Caprcme, 215 Caprylic add, 250, 265, 268 Caprylone, 215 oxime, 220 Caramel, 574 Carbamic acid adde, 396 chloride, 396 e«». 394. 403 hydrazide, 405 thiol acid, 406 Carbamidet, 396, 398, 505 Carbamido-malonyl guanidine, 506 urea, 507 Carbazide, 389 Carbethoxyl-oxycrotooic ester, 362 Carbinol, 57, X17 Carbmetfaoxyamido-propionic ester, 448 Carbocyclic compounds, 78 Carbodiimide, 55, 426 Carbohydrates, 572 Caibohydrazide, 405 Carbohydrasidine, 438 Carbon atoms, asymmetric, 45, 68 compounds, acyclic, 77 carbocydic, 78 optically aotiTe, 46^ 67 satai«ted,38 unaatuimled, 38 determinatioo of, 19 dioxide, 122, 226, 244, 383, 384 disulphide, 390 dithiol acid, 389, 391 linkage, multiple, 51 •ingle, 37 Carbonic acid (see Carbon dioiude). cyanides, 416 esters, 386 Carbon monosnlphide, 236 mooothiol add, 389, 39I INDEX. 595 Ctfbon monoxide, 75, 76, 81, 227, 235, 384, 433 decomposition of di- oxosuccinic ester, 528 decomposition of ox- alacetic ester, 499 haemoglobin, 585 nickel, 236 potassium, 236 oxybromide, 389 oxychloride, 75, 388 bromide, 389 oxysulphide, 390, 424 tetrachloride, 386 Carbonyl chloride, 388 diurea, 404- Carbo-pyrotritartaric ester, 529. thiacetonine, 409 thialdine, 407 ▼alerolactone carboxylic acid, 487 lactonic acid, 494 Carboxethyl-pseudo-Jutidostyril, 496 thiocarbimide, 425 Gu-boxyl groap, 222 Carboxy-galactonic acid, 571 tartronic acid, 528 Carboxylic acids, saturated, 222, 428, 516, 53i» 539 unsaturated, 276, 456 518, 533 Carbylamines, 166, 225, 236, 263 Carbyl sulphate, 307 CamaniM wax, 257 Camaubic acid, 588 Gamine, 516 Casein, 582, 583 Celluloid, 580 Cellulose, 211, 214, 579, 580 Ceratin, 586 Ceratoma siliqua, 247 Ceresine, 88 Cerin, 257 Cerotic acid, 130, 249, 252 ceryl ester, 257 Cerotin, 12^, 130 Ceryl alcohol, 130, 251 Cetaceum, 257 Cetene, 92 Cetraria islandioc, 578 Cetyl alcohol, 92, 129, 257 bromide, 142 cyanide, 268 ether, 136 iodide, 142 sulphide, 149 Chain isomerism, 41 Chelidonic acid, 496, 503, 538 Cherry gum, 579 Chitin, 586 Chitonic acid, 567 Chitosan, 586 - Chlor-acetal, 197, 200, 316 acetaldehyde, 199, 316 acetic acids, 274, 501 aceto-acetic ester, 378, 438 acetol, 217, 300 acetone, 216, 317, 376, 484 acetoxime, 319 acetylene, xo6, 288 acetyl urea, 400 acrylic acid, 281 alide, 198, 281, 340 alimide, 206 allyl alcohols, 131 alosc, 550 amylamine, 3 II anilic acid, 217 brom-maleic acid, 464 butane-hepta carboxylic ester, 539 butyl aldehydes, 199, 208 amine, 311 butyric acids, 199, 276, 346 carbonic acid, 227 amide, 396 ester, 388, 394, 414 carbon thiol ethyl ester, 393 citramalic acid, 527 citric acid, 539 croton aldehyde, 199 crotonic acids, 50, 281, 375 ' cyanogen, 377, 420 ethanes, 103, 141, 302 ethenyl tricarboxylic ester, 5x7, 539 ethylamine, 311 ethylenes, 105^ 277 ethyl -imidoformyl cyanide, 438 sulphonic acid, 306 formic ester (see Chlor-carbonic acid) fumaric acid, 463, 525 glutaoonic acid, 467, 494 hydracrylic acid, 340, 480 hydrin, 474 imido-carbonic ester, 404 isobutyl methyl ketone, 217 crotonic acid, 281, 282, 496 nitroso-acetone, 371 lactic acid, 340, 477 maleic acid, 464 malic acid, 525 malonic ester, 440 methane, or methyl chloride, 141 59^ INDIX. Chlor-methyl ether, 203 nitromethane, 157 Oilonl, 125, 197, 227, 340, 387, 477 acetamide, 265 acetone, 3x8, 382 alcoholate, 124, Z98 aldol, 477 ammonia, 206 cyanhydrin, 350 ethyl acetate, 198 fonnamide» 227 hydrate, 197, 198 hydroxylamine, 206 oxime, 206 urethane, 395 Chlorine detennination, 23 Chlorofonn, 82 Chlorophyll, 585 Chloropicrin, 157, 166, 235, 383, 387 Chloroxalethylin, 436 oxethose, 136 oximidoacetic ester, 438 pentanpenta-carfoonic acid, 539 perthiocarbonic acid ester, 393 propiolic acid, 287 propionic acid, 199, 275, 34I propylene, 106, 277 propyl aldehyde, I99, 208 saccinic acid, 451, 531, 539 sulphonic acid ester, 146 theophylline, 515 thioncarbonic acid ester, 393 trinitrobenzene, 165 Talerolactone, 380 Cholalic acid (cholic acid), 306, 587 Cholestene, 587 Cholesterene, 587 Cholestrophane, 505 Choline, 309 Chondrin, 586 ChondroUic sulphuric acid, 586 Chromogen, 65 Chromophorous group, 65 Cinchomeconic acid, 530 Cinchonic acid, 466, 530 Cinchonicine, 68 Cinchonine, 68, 524 Cineolic acid, 527 Cis, 51 Citracetic acid, 519 brompyrotartaric acids, 451, 452 chlorpyrotartaric acid, 45 1 conic acid, 76, 97, 464 Citral, 209 Citramalic acid, 527 Citramide, 530 Citrazinic acid, 519, 530 Citric acid, 211, 214, sag Citronellal, 209 Coagulate, 582 Cochlearia armonacia, 425 Cocoa-nut oil, 250, 252 Coffelne, 515 Cognac, 122 Cola-nuts, 515 Collidine, 208, 316 Collodion, 580 Comanic add, 496 Combustion, heat of, 72 Condensation reactions, 193 Conductivity, electric, 70 Configuration, 49 Conglutin, 357 Coniferin, 543 Coniine, 47, 68, 99 Constitution, 34 Convicin, 509 Conylene, 99 Com whiskey, 122 Coumalic add, 362,^367, 467, 496 Coumalin, 362 Coumaric add, 50 Coumarins, 488 Cow butter, 249 Creatine, 413 Creatinine, 413 Crotonal ammonia, 208 Croton alcohol, 208 aldehyde, 199, 208, 295, 496 oil, 283 Crotonic add, 50, 53, 208, 276^ 277, a8x, 342, 369 Crotonyl alcohol, X3X, 208 Crotonylene, 97, 98 Crystal alcohol, 123 chloroform, 234 Crystalline lens globulin, 583 Cyamelide, 417 Cyanacetamide, 440 hydraxide, 440 acetic add, 274, 440 acetone, 327, 378 amide, 55,4II>4I2,4^ • amido carbooic add, 403 dicarbonic addL, 403 Cyanates, 417 Cyancarbamic acid, 403 carbonic add esten, 437 Cyanethine, 268 ' Cyanetbolines, 417 Cyanformic acid, 354, 437 gltttaric ester, 517 guanidine, 4x4 Cyanhydrins, 230, 35a INDEX. Cyanic acid, 54, 4x6 esters, 417 Cymides and double cyanides, 230 Cyanimido-caibonic acid ester, 438 isonitrosoacetamide, 239, 499 acetbydroxamic acid, 499 butyric acid, 484 malonic acid ester, 517 Cyanoform, 517 Cyanogen, 76, aaS, 230, 354, 437 bromide, 421 cbloride, 420, 421 compounds, 228, 266, 349, 370, 416, 436, 440, 449 hydride, 76, 166, 225, aaS, 416,421 iodide, 421 sulphide, 422 Cyanorthofovmic ester, 437 ozimido acetic acid, 498 butyric add, 484, 501 propionic add, 44a, 44^. 453 sucdnic ester, 517 uramide, 427 urea, 404 Cyanuric add, 419, 5x1 bromide, 421 chloride, 421 iodide, 421 Qrdic compounds, 77 Cyanogen, 77 Cyanogen superoxide, 25 butane, 89 heptane, 89 hexane, 89 paraflSn carboxylic  529 glutaric ester, 529 sucdnic add, 376, 528 Diacetonamine, 219, 319 Diacetone alcohol, 318 Diacetone-alkamine, 320 Diacetyl, 322, 484, 527 acetone, 479 creatine, 413 cyanide, 370 dioxime, 327 ethane, 323 -ethylene diamine, 312 hydrazone, 328 osazone, 328 osotriazone, 328 pentane, 328 osotriazone, 328 pentane, 325 tartaric acid, 526 urea, 401 Diacetylene dicarboxylic add, 468 glycol, 297 Diacetylene dicarboxylic add, 468 glycol, 297 Dialysis, 99 Diacetylene dicarboxylic add, 467 hydrazines, 171 nitramine, X7X Diallyl, 99, 520 acetic acid, 284 acetone, 217, aax  171 Diamido-acetone, 478 caproic acids, 581 malonamide, 499 mesoxalamide, 499 oxal-ethers, 436 propionic acid, 48 1 pyrazole, 440 succinic acids, 526 [Diamino-butane], 313 ethyl disulphidechlorhydrate, 3" sul phone, 311 < 'Diamino-hexane], 313 'Diaaiino-2-methyl pentane], 313 |Diamino-octane], 313 Diamino-pentane], 313 !)ianilido-succinic acid, 526 Diastase, 121,573.576,587 Diazo-acetamide, 366 acetic acid, 171, 366, 458 benzene chloride, 438, 499 imide, 468 ethane sulphonic acid, 171 ethoxane, 144 fatty acid esters, 273, 366, 371 guanidine nitrate, 415 methane, 207 oxyacrylic acid ester, 586 paraffins, 207 propionic esters, 371 succinic acid, 50Z, 526 Diazoles, 321 Dibenzal carbohydrazide, 405 Dibenzoyl-ethane, 446 Dibromacetaldehyde, 198 acetic acid, 275, 458 aceto acetic ester, 378 acetyl, 322 acrylic acid, 282, 452 allylamine, 169 barbituric acid, 509 butane, 303 butyl ketone, 217 butyric acid, 276 caproic acid, 381 crotonic acid, 282, 288 diketo-R-pentene, 381 dinitromethane, 381 ethyl ketol, 478 fumaric acid, 464 glyoxime peroxide, 238 hexane, 303 Dibromhydrin, 474 ketone, 217 DibromlseTuUnic add, 381 maleic add, 464 aldehyde, 321 malonic ester, 440 malonyf urea, 499, 509 methyl acetoacetic add, 378, 465 ether, 202 nitroacetonitrile, 238 nitromethane, 157, 235 nitroparaffins, 157 pentane, 303 propionic acid, 208, 175 pyroracemic acid, 370, 483, 486 stearic acid, 286 Sttcdnic add, 451, 457, 500 succinyl chloride, 458 Dibiityryl,a97, 317 Dicarbamidic acid, 403 Dicarbon-tetracarfcKoxylic ester, 533 Dicarboxyl-glutaconic ester, 533 glutaric ester, 532 DichloraceUl, 197, 198, 200 acetaldehyde, 198, 340 acetic acid, 197, 274, 458 aceto-ajcetic ester, 378 acetone, 2x7, 529 acetonic acid, 529 acrylic acids,. 282 butyric acid, 276 butyro- lactone, 447 crotonic add, 282, 288 ethane, 102, 201, 302 -ether, 136, 200, 316 ethyl alcohols, 125, 3x6 ethylene, loc glycollic acidf ester, 434 hydrin, 130, 217, 474 isobutyl ketone, 217 isopropyl alcohol, 474 lactic acid, 340 maleic acid, 321 derivatiTes, 321 malelnimide, 448 malonic acid ester, 440 methane (see Methylene chlor- ide), monosulphonic add, methyl alcohol, 235 ether, 1 18, 134, 20a sulphonic acid, 393 muconic acid, 467 oxalic ester, 434 propionic acid, 275, 369, 466, 410 propylene, 199, 208 sucdaic add, 451 INDEX. 599 •,437 diamide, 410, 4x4, 427 diamidine» 4x4 hydride, 231 Diethoxyacetone, 478 butyric add, 378 malonic ester, 498 sucdnic add, 500 Diethyl acetic acid, 249 acetonitrile, 268 acetylchloride, 259 acetylene glycol diproptonate, 297 allyl carbinol, 131 amido acetic acid, 356 acetone, 319 amine, 167 chiorboride, 165 ehlorphosphide, 165 chlorsilidde, 165 butyrolactone, 346 carbinol, 1 27 cyanamide, 426 dithiopbospinic add, 175 ethane tetracarboxylic ester, 531 ethylene lactic add, 342 glycollo-nitrile, 350 hydantoln, 402 hydraxine, 171 hydroxylamine, 172 ketone, 216 nitramine, 171 nitrosamine, 170 oxalic add, 249 oxalo nitrile, 349 oxamic acid, 435 oxamide, 436 oxetone, 478 oxybntyric acid, 342 sulphone di-brommethane, 393 methyl ethyl methane, 218 sulpho urea, 409 thiourea, 409 urea, 399 chloride, 396 Diethylene diamine, 314, 358 disulphide, 305 sulphine ethyl iodide, 305 disulpbone, 305 glycol, 295, 298 imide oxide, 310 oxide, 298 sulphone, 305 tetrasttlphide, 305 IMethylin, 476 Diffusion process, 574 Diformin, 475 Diformyl, 320 hydrazine, 228 Diglycerol, 476 Diglyci^e, 476 DiglycoUamic add, 349 amidic add, 356, 403 dimide, 355 DiglycoUic add, 339, 349 Diglycollide, 339 Diglycolliniide, 349 Diglycolyldiamide, 358 Dihaloid paraffins, X02 propanes, 303 Dihydrazones, 328 Dihydropyridine deriTatives, 377 Dihydroxylene, 221 Di-iodo acetic acid, 275, 366 acetone, 217 acetylene, 106 acrylic add, 282 fumaric add, 464 Di-iodohydrin, 474 methane dtsulphonic add, 393 methyl ether, 202 Di-isethionic add, 306 Di-iso amylene, 94 butyl glycollic acid, 317, 338 nitroso acetone, 479 butyric ester, 484 propionic acid, 483 Taleric acid, 484 Di-iao-propyl, 85 glycol, 297 ketone, 215 oxalic add, 338 Taleral glutaric add, 468 ▼alery], 297 Diketo-butane, 322 butyric acid, 484 hexamethylene, 443 piperazines, 358 tetracarboxylic adds, 572 Taleric acid, 484 Diketone carboxylic acids, 572 dichlorides, 322 Dilactyl diamide, 358 Dilactylic acid, 339 Dilserulinic add, 529 Dilituric acid, 507 Dimalonic acid, 531 Dimethyl (see Ethane) acetal, 200 acetic acid, 247 acetylene, 99 acrylic add, 284 6oo INDEX. Dimethyl albacic acid, 97 alloxan, 506, 509 allyl carbinol, 131 amido-acetone, 319 amine, 167 iodide, 169 angelicalactone, 363 arsine, 177 aticonic acid, 466 azethane, 328 butyrolactone, 346, 537 carbinol, 125 coamalic acid, 496 coumalin, 362 cyanuric acid, 420 diacetylene, 99 dichlorine butyric acid, 466 dithydroxyl ammonium iodide, 168 dihydroxyl ammonium iodide, 168 dihydroxyl ammonium iodide, 328 diketone (see Diacetyl). dinitro butyric acid, 378 ethane tetracarboxylic ester, 531 [Dimethyl glycogen), 126 ethyl acetic acid, 249 acetonitrile, 268 carbinol, 127,  466 ketol. 317 ketone, 214 Isevulinic acid, 381 malonic acid, 381 malonic acid, 381 nitrogen, 171 nitrogen, 171 nitrogen, 171 [Dimethyl-octanon-acid]. 382 oxalic acid, 338 oxamic acid, 164 oxamide, 163, 435, 436 Dimethyl-octanon-acid. 382 oxalic acid, 338 oxyadipic acid, 527 parabanic acid, 506 piperidine, 169 [Dimethyl-propan-acid], 249 propyl methane, 85 pyrazine, 319, 473 pyrene, 479, 521 pyridine, 363 pyridine, 315 racemic acid, 369, 537 succinic acid, 445 succinic acid, 445 succinic acid, 445 succinic chloride, 446 thetine, 348 thiocyanide, 409 urea chloride, 396 Talerolactone, 346 xanthine, 514 Dimyrricyl, 86, 130 Dinitro Brombenzene, 1 65 caproic acid, 378 dimethyl aniline, 1 67 ethylene urea, 400 ethylic acid, 185 glycoluril, 400 parafans, 154, 204, 312, 219 propane, 155, 248, 308, 313 stilbenes, 50 Diolelic acid, 249 Diolelic acid, 249 Dioxine alcohols, 132 ketones, 221 Dioxine succinic acid, 572 Dioxine butyric acid, 572 Dioxine butyric acid, 484 Dioxine butyric acid, 288 butyric acid, 484 piperazines, 358 stearic acid, 288 succinic acid, $8 valeric acid, 484 piperazines, $8 valeric acid, 4&1. Dioxyacetic acid, 363 acetone, 478 behenic acid, 481 benzophenone, 75 butyric acid, 480 dimethyl glutaric acids, 527 fumaric acid, 52, 528 glutaric acid, 527 isobutric acid, 480 INDBX. 