None
701 Pedersen — on evolution of carbon dioxide by Barley seedlings, 199 Penhtm curtuni, phototaxis of, 525 Peptic ferments, 190 Peptones, 25 Percival, on relation of amount of carbon dioxide to nutrition, 73 Perennials, 597 Periodicity of growth (Fig. 45), 356, 401 ; of heat-evolution in opening flowers, 311; of movements in motile leaves, 543 ; of root-pressure, 95 ; of tissue-tensions, 405 ; of transpiration, 113 Periplasm, 619 Perisperm, 170 Perithecium, 625 Peronosporeae ; life-history of, 634; re- production of, 602, 619, 665 Persoz, on diastatic ferments, 189 Peters, on analysis of Pumpkin seeds, *75 Petiole, clasping of Solanumjasminoides (Fig. 46), 412 Petzold, on tannic acid, 235 Pfaundler, on definition of protoplasm, 37 Proffer- on asparagin in lupin seeds, 174 on destructive metabolism, 294 on direction of movement of plas- modia, 528 on induction of dorsiventrality in gemmse of Marchantia, 426 on the effect of chemical stimuli on movement of antherozoids, etc., 529 on the effect of germination on aleurone-grains, 173 on evolution of oxygen, 143 on globoid, 184 on motile organs, 296 on movement of Mimosa, 537, 541, 544, 549, 550, 569; of Oxalis, 538, 544; of stamens of Cynarese, 545, 559 on opening and closing of flowers, 378, 400, 404 on osmosis, 44 on rays of spectrum which decom- pose carbon dioxide, 156, 254 on relative turgidity of etiolated and normal shoots, 391 on starch-distribution, 163 on structure of stamens of Cynareae, 533. 545 on sugar and amides in growing point, 177 on transmission of stimulus in Mimosa, 584 Pfeiffer, on formula of starch, 183 Pfitzer— on movements of Diatoms, 520 on silicon in plants, 137 Pfliiger — on intra-molecular heat, 302 on intra-molecular oxygen, 203 on luminosity, 317, 318 on metabolic activity, 269 on reproduction, 662 on self-decomposition of proto- plasm, 1 88 on stimulation, 301 on structure of protoplasmic mole- cule, 1 60 Phaeosporeae, reproduction of, 608 Phanerogams, endosperm, 170; forma- tion of seed, 630; life-history of, 629; reproduction of (Figs. 70, 71, 75, 76), 603, 615, 643 Phillip, on absorption of metallic oxides by plants, 122 Phlobaphenes, 238 Phloridzin, 234, 235 Phloroglucin, 235 Phosphorescence, 316 Phosphorus, in food of plants, 131; effect of, on metabolism, 132 Photochemical induction, 263 Photoepinasty, 383, 443 Photohyponasty, 384 Photomechanical induction, 435 Phototaxis, 525 Phototonus, 380, 523, 573 Phycochromaceae, reproduction of, 604 Phycocyanin, 242 Phycoerythrin, 242 Phycomyces, growth of hypha (Fig. Plasmodia of Myxomycetes, 519, 5-27; chemistry of, 25; influence on move- ment of, heat, 528; light, 528; solu- tions, 529 Plasmolysis (Fig. 9), 39, 44 Plastic products, 138, 216; use of, 177 Plastin, 25 Pleurotsenium, phototaxis of, 525 Poggloli, on heliotropic effect of rays of different wave-length, 433 PoM, on movements of Mimosa, 535 Poisoning of plants, 122 Polar body, 640, 668 Pollen-grain, 603 Pollen-sac, 603 Pollen-tube, 615 Pollination, effect of, 626 Pollinodium, 619 Polyembryony, 627 Polyphagus Euglence, phototaxis of, 524 Polystigma, reproduction of, 623; life- history of, 634 Poppy, pendent position of heads, 455 ; reversal of geotropic properties of, 459 Porlieria hygrometrica, effect of drought on movements of, 549 Position, pendent, of flower-heads, 342, 455. Potassium in food of plants (Fig 21), 132 Potatoes, ash-analysis, by Herapath, 62 Potency, relative of parents, 650; of pollen, 648 Potential energy, 288 Pott, on formation of nitrogenous organic substance in plants, 149 Pouillet, on heat evolved in imbibition, 37 Prantl, on growth of leaves, 381, 383, 395 PrazmowsM, on Clostridium butyricum, 191 Pressure, effect of, on growth, 410 Pressure, atmospheric, relation to plant- life, 74 Priestly— on absorption, of carbon dioxide by green plants, 8 1 ; of nitrogen by plants, 84; of oxygen by plants, 75; on dephlogistication of air, 140 Prillieux, on imperfect elasticity of growing organs, 342 Primary root, 419; shoot, 419 Primordial cells, 2; utricle, 13, 23, 39; osmotic properties of, 44 Primula, glandular hairs of (Fig. 32), 245 ; heterostylism in, 647 Pringsheim — on chlorophyll-corpuscles (Fig. 22), 153 Pringsheim— on circulation of protoplasm, 524 on composition of chlorophyll, 154 on formation of cell- wall, 145 on hypochlorin, 147 on loss of colour by chlorophyll- corpuscles when exposed to intense light, 266 on oil drops in Vcuicheria sessitis, 146 on reproduction of Saprolegnieae, 620, 665 on theory of function of chlorophyll, 157, 261 on xanthophyll, 241 Procarpium, 614 Proembryo of Characeoe, 633 js of Chara, Promycelium, 634 Proembryonic branches 599 Pronucleus, male and female (Figs. 71, 75, 76), 617, 643 Propagula of Floridere, 599 Proper angle, 42 1 Proteids, 24, 221; as reserve-materials, 171; formation of, 148 Proterandrous and proterogynousflowers, 647 Prothallium, 629 Protococeaceoe, reproduction of, 604 Protococcus, i, 602 Protomyces, conjugation of, 618; spores of, 627 Protonema, 629 Protoplasm, 1,23; automatism of, 7, 301 ; composition of, 24 ; conduction of stimuli by, 374, 584 ; continuity of, 23, 374 (Fig. 703 Punctttm vegetationis, 338, 419 Pycnidia, 604 Pyrenomycetes, 623 Pyrocatechin, 228 Pyronema (Peziza) confluent, reproduc- tion of, 621 Pythium, reproduction of (Fig. 72^619 Pythium intermedium, 605 Pythium proliferiun, life-history of, 634 Quassiin, 243 Radial organs, 42 2 Radicles, irritability of, 492 Radlkofer, on crystalloids in Lathrcea squamaria^ 171 Rameaux, on loss of heat in transpira- tion, 313 Ranke, on electrical condition of plants, 320, 322, 325 Raphe of Diatom-frustule, 520 Raphides, 29 Rautenberg, on chemical action of roots on solutions, 56 Rauwenhoff— on absorption of carbon dioxide by plants, 82 on absorption of oxygen by seeds, 76, 77. on direction of growth in darkness and in light, 441 on etiolation, 268 on etiolated shoots, 387, 392 on evolution of ammonia by ger- minating seeds, 210 on growth of leaves in darkness, 38i on influence of light on growth, 396 Receptive spot, 609 von Rechenberg — on fatty acids in seeds, 190, 220 Rectipetality, 418 Rees, on tyloses, 350 (Fig. 40) Reinke— on glycogen in yEthalium, 171 on imbibition, 38 on lecithin, 131 on plastin, 25 on xanthin, 221 Relation of offspring to the two parents, 650 Renard, on formation of sugar from tri- oxymethylene, 144 Reproduction, 6, 597 ; sexual, 600 ; spore-, 597; vegetative, 597; theo- ries of, 653 Reproduction in, Algae (Figs, 65, 66, 67, 69), 605, 612; in Angiosperms, (Figs. 70, 75), 615, 643; in Fungi (Figs. 72, 73, 74), 617; in Gymno- sperms (Figs. 71, 76), 615, 643; in Phanerogams, 603, 615, 640, 643 Reproductive cells, 597 ; organs, 601 ; substance, 660 Reserve materials, 140, 170 Resin-duct, structure of (Fig. 31), 245 Resin-grains, 232 Resins, 236 Respiration, 195; relation of, to growth, 295> 369; to movement, 297 influence on, of absorbed salts, 202 ; of reserve-materials, 204 ; of tem- perature, 198 Reversal of direction of torsion, 516; of twining, 517 Reversion, 652 Revolving nutation, 361 Rheotropism, 473, 528 Rhizomes, diageotropism of, 463 Richter, on refraction of crystoliths, 22 Ricinus, aleurone -grains of (Fig. 29), 184 Ringing experiments, 97, 169 (Fig. 25) de la Rive, on conductivity of wood, 316 Rischawi — on evolution of carbon dioxide by wheat-seedlings, 199, 201 on optimum temperature of growth, 295 Robinia, paraheliotropism of, 552, 593 Rodewald, on xanthin, 221 Root, structure of (Fig. 20), 93 ; aerial (Fig. 12), 50; parasitic, 51 Root-hairs (Figs. Sachs— on absorption : of ammonia by leaves, 86 ; of insoluble substances by roots (Figs. 10, n), 55; of water by aerial roots, 50; of water by roots, 52 on anisotropic organs, 424 on cystoliths, 11 on distribution of roots in soil, 5 1 on etiolation, 385 on geotropism : action of gravity at different angles, 459; curvature, 465; of lateral roots, 462 ; positive of rhizomes, 458 on growth : daily period of (Fig. 45)> 40i; grand period of, 355; of grass-haulms, 333; in length, 338; irregularities in rate of, 358 on growing organs : influence of decapitation on roots, 468 ; of light on)3935 of pressure on, 410; physical properties of, 341 ; tensions in, 343 on heliotropism : influence of di- rection of incident rays, 432 ; of leaves, 444; on negative of March- antia, 443 ; reversal of heliotropic properties, 429 on hydrotropism, 477 on imbibition, 38- on induction of dorsiventrality by light, 425 on metabolism : distribution of or- ganic substances, 163, 164, 166, 188; formation of chlorophyll, 156, 262, 270; formation of colouring matters of flowers in darkness, 267 ; germi- nation of oily seeds, 173 ; of growing point, 177; influence of light on chlorophyll-function, 258; loss of weight in darkness, 253; oxidation of chlorophyll, 264, 266; silicon in food, 137; starch -grains in chlorophyll- corpuscles, 141 ; tannin, 235, 237 on movement: of chlorophyll-cor- puscles, 527; of Mimosa; effect of darkness on, 549; effect of drought on, 538, 549; influence of light on, 539 » persistence of, in darkness, 544 on normally etiolated shoots, 385 on phototonus, 380 on proper angle of lateral roots, 42 1 on soil : hygroscopic water in, 48 ; relation of root hairs to (Figs. 10, u), 47 ; retention of water by, 48 on somatotropism, 475 (Fig. 705 de Saussure — on exhalation of watery vapour by plants, 195 on formation of non-nitrogenous organic substances in plants, 147 on germination of oily seeds, 205 on Opuntia, 207 on potash in plants, 132 on respiration of flowers, 196 on temperature of flowers, 314 on temperature of spadix, 305 de Saussure's law of absorption, 57 Saxifraga crtistata, water-gland of (Fig. i9)> 91 Schacht, on starch in growing cells, 177 Scheele, on absorption of oxygen by plants, 75 Scheibler, on asparagin in beet-root, 171 Schell, on tannin, 237 Schimper— on aggregation, 565 on formation of starch-grains, 145, 180, 181, 182, 217 on formation of chlorophyll-cor- puscles, 240 on geotropism of roots of Epi- phytes, 458 on proteid crystalloids, 35 Schindler, on effect of high tempe- rature on spores, 283 Schizomycetes, metabolism of, 193, 211 ; reproduction of, 602, 604 Schlosing— on absorption of ammonia by plants, 86 on nitrification, 129 on physiological significance of transpiration, 129 Schmidt, on emulsin, 189 Schmiedeberg, on proteid crystals, 172 Schmitz — on formation of cellulose, 2 1 7 on formation of cell- wall, 15, 16, r45 on formation of proteid in plant- cells, 151 on microsomata, 26 on nuclear division, 27 on the oogonium of Peronosporeae, 641 on structure of protoplasm, 24 Schmoeger — on absorption of acids by roots, 231 on carbon supplied to plants by organic acids, 125 Schb'nbein, on oxidation of ammonia, 128 Schroder, on composition of sap, 91 V. Schultze — on movements of Diatoms, 520 on rotation of protoplasm, 297 Schulz, on evolution of ammonia by germinating seeds, 210 Schulze — on allantoin, 221 on distribution of proteids, 164 on glutamin in beetroot, 171 on glutamin in pumpkin seeds, 174 on nitrates in plants, 127 on phenylamido-propionic acid, 221 on sugar and amides in growing- point, 177 on sulphates in germinating seeds, 225 on xanthm-group, 221 Schumacher, on effect of low tempera- tures on Schizomycetes, 272 Schiitzenberger — on decomposition of fats, 173 on ferments, 190 on germination at low temperature, 270 on xanthm, 221 on effect of high temperature on yeast, 279 Schwarz, on influence of gravity on rate of growth, 410 Schwendener, on twining stems, 510 Sclerotinia Fuckeliana, life-history of, 634 Scutellum, 178 Scyphanthus elegans, reversal of twining in, 517 Scytosiphon, reproduction of, 608 Seed, 170; albuminous, 170; exal- buminous, 170; generations in, 630; germination of, 172 ; reserve materials in, 169 Seed-variation, 652 Seeds and seedlings, comparative analy- sis of, 175 Self-fertilisation, 646 Sempervivum, calcium oxalate in cell- walls of, 22 Senebier — on absorption of carbon dioxide by growing plants, 8 1 on absorption of nitrogen by plants, 85 on dephlogistication of air, 141 on destructive metabolism, -292 of evolution of heat during flower- ing, 304 on growth of leaves in darkness, 382 on transpiration, as affected by substances absorbed by roots, no on xanthophyll, 266, 267 45 706 INDEX. Sensitive plant, 302 (see Mimosa pudica) Sensitiveness of motile organs, 544 Seta, 629 Sexual affinity, 648 Sexual process; 601, 643; in Algae, 606; in Archegoniata, 6 to; in Con- jugatae, 612; in Floridese, 613; in Fungi, 617; in Phanerogams, 615 Sexuality of plants, degeneration of, 605, 6 1 8, 620, 623; development of, 605 Shoots; external directive influences on growth of, 497 ; on normally etiolated, 385 ; on structure of etiolated (Fig. 42), 387 Sicyos angulatus, tendrils of, 484 Sieve-tubes (Fig. 23), 22, 167 Silica, in cell- walls, 21 ; in plants, 61 Silicon, in food, 137 Silphium laciniatum, fixed light-posi- tion of, 446 Simple nutation, 361 Siphoneae, reproduction of, 607 Sirogonium sticticum, reproduction of, 642 Sleep-movements, 539; tracing of (Averhoa bilimbi) (Fig, 58), 540; of Hedysarum (Desmodiuni) gyrans, (Fig. 60), 542; of Mimosa pudica (Fig. 59), 542 Sodium, in food, 136 Soil; condensation of aqueous vapour by, 48 ; hygroscopic water of, 48 ; retention of soluble salts by, 49 Solanum dulcamara, twining of, 513 Solanum jasminoides, clasping of pe- tiole of (Fig. 46), 412 Solms-Laubach, on reproduction of Corallinese, 615 Somatic cells, 597 Somatotropism (Fig. 52), 475 Sonchus arvensis, changes in light- position of, 430 Sorauer — on calcium oxalate in plants, 231 on relation between supply of water and growth, 335 Sorby— on the composition of chlorophyll, r54 on erythrophyll, 267 Soredia, of Lichens, 599 Sowinsky, on conductivity of wood, 316 Spallanzani, on somatotropism, 475 Sparmannia, movement of stamens of, 545 Specific absorbent capacity, 59, 64 Specific irritability, 374 Spermatia, 531, 614 (Fig. 73), 623 Spermogonia, 623 Sphacelaria, gemmae of, 599 Spiral growth, 509 Spirogyra, conjugation of (Fig. 69), 612; contraction of protoplasm in, 567; streaming of protoplasm in, 524 Spontaneous heterauxesis, 376 Spontaneous movements; conditions of, 537 ; inhibition of, by light, 544 ; of growing organs, 360; of mature organs, 531 Sporangiferous leaves, 604 Sporangium, 600 Spore : germination of, 626 ; reproduc- tion, 597 ; structure of, 600 Spores, different kinds of, 602 Sporogonium, 629 Sporophore, 628 Stati- on Compass-plants, 446 on direction of growth of Vaucheria, in light, 441 on fixed light- positions of leaves, 445 on geotropism of rhizomes, 501 on movements ; of chlorophyll-cor- puscles (Fig. 36), 299, 525, 527; of Desmids, 520; of plasmodia, 528 on reproduction of Lichens, 622 (Fig. 73) on structure of leaves, 384 Stamens, 604 Starch, conversion of into sugar (Fig. 28), 183, 191; formation of, 145, 147, 180, 217 Starch-cellulose, 183 (Fig. 28) Starch- forming corpuscles (amyloplasts) (Fig. 26), 1 80 Starch-grains, growth of (Fig. 26), 181 ; optical properties of, 35 (Fig. 27), 182; stratification of, 181; striation of, 181; structure of, 35, 179 Stebler, on growth in length of leaves, 34° Stereoplasma, 656 Sterigmata, 623 Stimulating effect of contact, 484; of gravity, 458; of heat, 377; of light, 299, 400, 435, 576; of pressure, 411 Stimulation, 301, 371 Stimuli, transmission of, 374, 438, 468, 474, 487, 582 Stohmann, on retention of salts by soil, 49 Stokes, on chlorophyll, 154 Stomata, 7oj_ effect on transpiration, 107: mechanism of movements, 107 Stomatal transpiration, 107 — »» "Stossweise Aenderungen," 358, 375 INDEX. 707 Strasburger — on adventitious budding in embryo- sac, 599 on branching of Cladophora, 349 on ciliary movement, 298 on direction of movement of zoo- spores, 526 of plasmodia, 527 on division of nucleus, 27 on the extrusion of the paranucle- olus, 639 on the extrusion of the polar body, 640, 659 on formation of cellulose, 145, 217 on formation of cell- wall, 15, 16, 181 on formation of proteids, 151 on formation of starch, 217 on germination of pollen-grains, 615, 640 on growth by apposition, 336 on growth without turgidity, 335 on imbibition, 34 on micellar theory, 33 on microsomata, 26 on movement of zoospores, 523, 524 on optical properties of organised bodies, 35 on osmosis, 43 on physiological equivalence of gametes, 659 on sexual process in Phanerogams, 616, 643, 671 (Figs. 70, 71, 75, 76) on sieve -tubes, 169 on starch-grains, optical properties of, 183 on stratification, 17 on structure of starch-grains, 179 on structure of protoplasm, 24 on theory of reproduction, 658 on thickening of the cell- wall, 291 on vegetative cell in microspore of Vascular Cryptogams, 640 Strehl, on retarding influence of light on growth, 393 Striae on stems, 353 Stmve, on silica in cell- wall, 21 Stutzer, on organic acids as carbonaceous food, 125 Stylidium adnatum, movement of gyno- stemium of, 536 Suberin, 18 Substratum, influence of, on direction of growth, 474 Succinic acid, 228 Sugar and allies, 28; as reserve material, 171; formation from starch, 164, 191 O'Sullivan, on action of diastatic fer- ment, 191 Sulphur in food, 131 Suspensor, function of, 178 Swelling up of organised bodies, 31, 37 Synergidae (Fig. 37)> 3C45 of opening flowers (Fig. 38), 306; of plants, 313; of trees, 315 Tendril of Vitis (Fig. 53), 485 Tendrils, coiling of, 487; growth on contact, 485 Tensions, in organs, 343; cause of annual rings, 351; cause of striae on stems, 353; daily period of, 405; in- fluence of, on growth of cells, 348 Tentacles of Drosera, aggregation in, 564 ; stimulation of, 547 Terebenthene, 237 Tetrachytrium, conjugation in, 618 Tetraphis pellucida, gemmae of, 599 Tetraspores, 603 Theca, 629 Thermotonus, 377 Thermotropism, 434; of plasmodia, 528 van Tieghem — on crystals on Mucorini, 171 on the embryo artificially nourished, 179 on proteid crystalloids, 35 on thermotropism, 434 708 INDEX. Timiilazeff, on theory of chlorophyll- function, 156, 254, 257 Tip of root, irritability of, 467, 474, 479, 492 Tissue, definition of, 10 Tissue-tensions, 342, 405 Todea Africana, apogamy of, 601 Tollens, on acrylcolloid, 31 Tonic influence, 371; of heat (thermo- tonus), 377, 577 ; of light (phototonus), 380, 392, 573 Torsion, 353, 510; homodromous, 515; antidromous, 515 Torus, 625 C. de la Tour, on effect of low tempera- ture on yeast, 272 Traction, effect on growth, 349, 413 Tradescantia, hairs of, streaming of protoplasm in, 297, 524 Tragopogon orientate, light-position of, 43 1 Transpiration, 72, 103, 576; relation of, to absorption by roots of salts and water, no, 115; to growth, 576; to humidity of air, 108; to light, 109, 576; to mechanical disturbances, 112, 576; to negative pressure, 117; to temperature of air, 108 ; to tempera- ture of soil, 109; to tissue-tensions, 406; to age of leaf, 107 Transpiration - current, 96 ; passage through wood, 97; rate of, 100 Traube, on artificial cells, 42 Treub — on embryo of Orchids, 178 on hook climbers, 411 Treviranus, on erythrophyll, 266 Trinchlnetti, on absorption of salts by water-plants, 60 Tropaolum majus, dorsiventrality of, 425, 429 Tubes corpusculiferes (Dutrochet), 586 Tulasne, on reproduction of Pyronema (Peziza), 621 Turgidity, 40; daily period of, 569; factors of, 42, 562; recovery of, 567; relations of, to growth, 335, 342; relation to tissue tensions, 406 of etiolated internodes, 391 Tussilago farfara^ pendent position of buds, 455 ; change in geotropism of, 459 Twining, causes of, 508; direction of, (Fig- 54). 5i6 Twining stems (Fig. 54), 516; irrita- bility of, 511 Tyloses (Fig. 40), 350 Ty rosin, 221 Ulothrix, 522, 524; phototaxis of zoo- spores of, 523 ; reproduction of (Fig. 65), 606 Ulvacese, 9 Uncaria ovalifolia, hooks of (Fig. 47), 412 Undulating nutation, 368 linger- on lenticels, 72 on loss of water by transpiration, 104, 105 on movements of stamens of Cy- narese, 559 on periodicity of transpiration, 114 on branching of roots in soil, 52 on root-pressure, 92 on structure of stamens of Berberis and Mahonia, 533 on structure of stamens of Cy- nareae, 533 on transpiration, as affected by stomata, 107 on the velamen of Orchids, 50 (Fig. 12) Unorganised ferments, 188; action of, 191; classification of, 189; influence of temperature on, 192; preparation of, 193 Uredinese, life-history of, 634; repro- duction of, 624 Uredospores, 603 Urich— on absorption of nitrates by plants, 127 on glutamin in beetroot, 171 Urtica macrophylla, cystolith from (Fig. 34). 249 Ustilagineae, conjugation of, 618; life- history of, 634 Vacuoles, 13, 28; formation of, 28; pulsating, 522, 558 Variability: hereditary, 676; origin of, 676; of cultivated plants, 652, 675, 679; of hybrids, 676; promoted by sexual reproduction, 676 Variation, 652, 675 Varieties, 652 Vascular Cryptogams, isosporous, 603 Vascular plants, heterosporous, 603 Vaucheria, 8; heliotropism of, 428, 441; reproduction of, 610 Vegetative reproduction, 597; relation of to life-history, 635 Velamen, 50 (Fig. 12) Velten— on circulation of protoplasm, 524 on electricity, 323 Ventral canal-cell, 641 Verbascum, want of heliotropic irrita- bility, 431 INDEX. Vesque — on absorption by roots, 52, 78 on filtration of water in wood, 118 on transpiration, as affected by sub- stances absorbed by root, in Victoria regia, growth in length of leaves of, 359 Ville, on absorption of ammonia by leaves, 86 Vines— on aleurone-grains, 184 on growth of leaves in darkness, 381 on retarding influence of light on growth, 395 on sugar in leaves, 164 Viscum, hypocotyl of; negative helio- tropism of, 429 ; not geotropically irritable, 458 ; somatotropism of, 474 Vitis, tendrils of (Fig. 53), 485, 489 Vochting— on diagetropism, 463 on direction of growth in darkness and in light, 441 on nutation, 369 on pendent position of buds, 455 on rectipetality, 418 on reversal of geotropic proper- ties, 459 on reversal of heliotropic properties, 429 on weeping trees, 409 Vogel, on absorption of carbon dioxide by leaves, 82 Volvox, movement of, 520; reproduc- tion of, 610 de Vries— on absence of sugar and amides from growing point, 177 ^ on allassotonic and auxotonic move- ment, 533 v- on destructive metabolism, 293 ;• on diageotropism, 470 on diaheliotropism, 449 \,. on effect of high temperature on plants, 278, 279 .on formation of autumn- wood, 35 2 «•- on heliotropism of dorsiventral shoots, 442 ^ on heliotropism of leaves, 444 " on hyponasty and epinasty, 366 on influence of transpiration on absorption, 115^ on mechanism of curvature, 579, 580 on organic acids in etiolated plants, 268 '• on osmotic substances, 41 on calcium oxalate in plants, 231^ on plasmolysis (Fig. 9), 39, 43, 44, 335 de Vries— on sugar in leaves, 164 V on turgidity, 41 on twining of tendrils, 490 on twining stems, 491, 509 on wrinkles on roots, 354 de Vriese, on temperature of spadix, 3°4, 3!<> Vrolik, on temperature of spadix, 304 Wagner — on acrylcolloid, 31 on decomposition of hippuric acid by plants, 237 Warming, on temperature of spadix, 310 Warrington, on nitrification, 129 Waste products, 216, 222; fate of, 244 Water, absorption of, 46, 93 ; filtration of, through wood, 99; movement of, in plants, 89 Water-culture, 123, 133 (Fig. 21) Water, influence of currents of, on growth (Rheotropism), 473 Water-gland, 246; of Saxifrage incrus- tata (Fig. 19), 91 Water-pores, 92 Water-roots, 51 Wax, 243 Way, on retention of salts by soil, 49 Weber — on effect of light on absorption of ash-constituents, 258 on formation of organic substance by leaves, 158 Weiss — on anthoxanthin, 242 on latex, 168 on refraction of cystoliths, 22 Weissmann — on continuity of the reproductive substance, 660 on the extrusion of the polar body, 661, 666 on parthenogenesis, 667 on theory of reproduction, 660 on variation, 661, 677 Wells, on radiation of heat by plants, 313 Welwitschia, calcium oxalate in cell- walls of, 22 Wertheim, on Coniin, 224 Wiesner — on decoloration of chlorophyll, 266 on erythrophyll, 266 on etiolin, 241 on fixed light-positions, 430, 447 on formation of chlorophyll, 262, 264 on germination at low temperatures, 270 INDEX. Wiesner — on heliotropism of dorsiventral shoots, 443 on heliotropic effect of light, 380, 432 on heliotropic effect of rays of dif- ferent wave length (Fig. 50), 433 on heliotropism of leaves, 444 on negatively heliotropic organs: their growth in darkness, 440 on nutation, 368 on organic acids in etiolated plants, 268 on photochemical induction, 263 on photomechanical induction, 435 on physiological significance of transpiration, 116 on resin, 232 on reversal of heliotropic pro- perties, 429 on substances forming latex, 168 on transpiration as affected by light, 109, no Will, on peptic ferment, 190 Williamson, on excretion of water by Caladium, 92 Wilson, on exhalation of carbon di- oxide, by plants in light, 260; by seedlings in absence of free oxygen, 200 Wittwer, on absorption of carbon di- oxide by leaves, 82 Woad, 239 Wolf- on absorption of asparagin by roots, 124 on excreta of plants, 224 on de Saussure's law of absorption, 58 Wolff— on ash of, Buckwheat, 64, 65; hay, etc., 60 on potash in plants, 132; on sili- con, 137 von Wolkoff, on absorption of oxygen ; by plants, 198; by seedlings, 76, 260 Woodnouse, on absorption of nitrogen by plants, 85 Woodward, on transpiration, 104 Woronin, on reproduction of Botry- dium, 607 Woronin's hypha, 624 Wortmann — on destructive metabolism, 292 on diastatic ferment in Bacteria, 189, 192 on evolution of carbon dioxide by seedlings, 200 on hydrotropism, 478 on nutation, 368 on thermotropism, 434; of plas- modia, 528 Wunschmann, on glands of Nepenthes, 247 Wurtz, on peptic ferment (papai'n), 190 Xanthin, 221 Xanthophyll, 241 Xylaria, 624 Yeast (Fig. 2), 3; fermentative action of, 208; growth of, in Pasteur's solution, 3; in water, 4; potential energy of, 5 ; reproduction of (Fig. 2), 3, 602 Yiicca filamentosa, positive geotropism of rhizome of, 458 Zacharias — on the chemistry of sexual cells, 669 on nucle'in, 27 Zantedescni, on heliotropic effect of rays of different wave-lengths, 433 Zimmermann, on induction of dorsi- ventrality in gemmae of Marchantia, 426 Zoospores, 603; influence on move- ments of, age, 526; amount of water of imbibition, 524; concentration of solution of, 524; free oxygen, 297, 522, 526; light, 522; direction of incidence of rays (phototaxis), 525; of intensity (phototonus), 525 Zoospores, 603; influence on movements, of solutions, 529; of light, 523, 525; of temperature, 297, 522, 526 of Hsematococcus (Fig. i), i, 6, 605; contractility of, 7; irritability of, 7; phototaxis of, 524 Zygnemeoe, reproduction of, 602, 612 Zygomycetes, reproduction of, 617 Zygospores, 607, 613, 617 Zymogen, 193 CAMBRIDGE : PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. AND SON, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. = ( BIOLOGY LIBRARY) MAR 17 1939 *«* 1 1 _~ - - MAY 19 1951 j AN U 1973 APR -3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY K 7/1 Tr. 