None
vSafety valves should be allowed to blow straight out into the room and should not be hitched on to a leading pipe which may allow water to stand on the valve, increasing its weight, or be liable to freeze if the boiler is laid up. When the valve blows into the room it will be known when steam is escaping, whether from leakage or over pressure. The economy of an engine should always be rated by the amount of steam or water which it consumes per horse power per hour. The amount of coal burnt per horse power per hour involves the economy of the whole plant, and is 594 POWER not a measure of the performance of the engine taken in- dependently. Horizontal engines, when practicable, should be run over rather than under, as the thrust will then come down- ward upon the foundation rather than upon the caps of the boxes and the upper guides. In calculating horse powers of steam boilers, consider for: Tubular boilers, 15 square feet of heating surface, equivalent to 1 horse power. Portable boilers, 12 square feet of heating surface, equivalent to 1 horse power. Cylinder boilers, 10 square feet of heating surface, equivalent to 1 horse power. Fig. 23£— BOILER IXSTALLATIO.W 595 PART EIGHTEEN Miscellaneous CAPACITIES OF OIL LINES— CAPACITIES OF TANKS —SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF LIQUIDS— WEIGHT AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF WOOD, IRON- WEIGHT OF ROUND IRON AND STEEL RODS- MELTING POINT OF METALS— WOOD FUEL EQUIVALENTS — CONVERSION TABLES, METRIC TO U. S.— NATURAL GAS ASSOCIA- TION. Tank for Separating Gas from Oil Flowing from Well — Tanks are often used on oil leases showing large quantities of gas where the oil flows or is pumped. The gas taken from the oil is of first-class quality to run a gas engine at the power house, or could be "squeezed" to extract the gasoline, Fig. 233 A UTOMA TIC OIL AND GAS SEPARA TOR 596 MISCELLANEOUS provided there is a sufficient quantity of gas to make it pay. The separating tank should be set high enough to allow the oil, after separation, to flow freely to the regular oil tanks. Fig. 234— A I^L'R-MXU OIL WELL l\ THE CADDO OIL FIELD ^LA.) 597 MISCELLANEOUS Number of Barrels (3V •? Gallons) Contained in Tanks cr. rrS* CO. 00 C<1 CO __ --^^.^^^ c:cooccoot-iococccocoiot>03^c:-<dj rfi CV} Cvj .-H (M CO lO Oi>— icoiOtr-cir-tro <-i CO. CVi CVi M CVi 00 CO ooqcooqcqoicco CD r-( (M -^ c~ I— I in ^ 00 lO (M CO rt< O CO I— I Oi ^ t~ J> Ttl X Ci Ci O C^J '^ CO t- c: O --I CO .-I Ttl .-I Ttl Ir- Tj^ i-H 00 O <M ■-H CQ Cv> iC CO c: 00 CO iC 00 o c. t> X 00 t~ C: r-l CM CV} CO X (M do o t- (>j Tj< 00 o CO '^ cv! t> c^ X -^ X c: CO .— I -^ CO ci CO CO CVi lO CO 00 o CO -^ CO f> X CO X ic c: O b- lO lO lO t- X CO i> X Oi o O Tt< X C\J rf CO lO 00 X t- 00 Ci t- Oi o ,-1 ,-1 (M co -^ Oi ^ CQ Cvj rH CO >— < CO (M C^J CO X o M Cvj CO OOi— iT^CtXOCOCOX-^Tj^COCOCvJCOOiC^jLOOJCVJCOCOCOt--^, kO 03 CO o L': ^ .-I C\J CvJ j> CO ,-' X 00 00 CO lO ic CO i-H CO rH CO C~ CVJ .-I rH ^ CVi CO i> X O: O X Tj< a CO b- CO .-I t- Cvi X CO X Oi 00 rH lO X 00 Tti .-( X CO lO .—. CO -"^ CO X Cv} (M (M CM W t> '^ Cvi O i> -^^ --; t-; 00 Oi Tt« CI 'sfi Ci Cvi CO as CO lO X O CM_ ■^_ lO CO CO J> lO Ci Oi lO X .-I Oi CO CQ CO CVJ o •^ i-H 00 cvj CO 00 j> t~ CO CO lo CO t- X Oi 00 T^ X X LO t- ^ CD lO l> X o t- ^8 O CO X LO X X Ci X X 00 OJ CO 03 CVJ o t- 00 Tj* CV| LO '^^ 00 CJ CO X CO Tj^ Cvi ^ LO CO 00 rti 00 lO Cvj 00 CiTti'*'— iTt<0Oi>;X d .-i 00 ,-t a CO cy: CO Oi X O >-H •-tOiOi Cvj t> LO .-I CO LO C\3 CM oiOooXLOcvicoocoTj<iot-cMCic:i>-i-rr>— loioi CD .-I CO ■<*i f— I t> X -^ CD < .-I X CD LO rti lO lO CO t- X .-I 00 lO CO ,-( CM .— I CO 1—1 X O 00 00 lO CD LO 00 t~ CO O rt^ t- c: o .-( .-I CM lO CO r-H 00 CM CM 00 rH t-OOXCMTj<vj<-^--(i>;CMiOi>-f>LqCMXCMLOCOLOCOOLOXOO O t>^ 00 id CD CM CO CI O: lO id c5 CD lO lO ci C: CO C^i CD lO c: i>^ d ci CM COX.-HiOC:-fC:-^Ot-^CMOXt>CDCDi>XC:.-HOOCOOCOX .-Hr-i.-HoiCMCCTf'^iOCOt-t-XCiO'-iC^JCOiOCOt-ClO.-i Ol q CO i> CM 00 X X 00 CM CD lO c: x r-. Their temperature from 32 to 212 deg. Kent Aluminum 1247 (1157) Bronze 1652 (1692) Copper 2102 (1929) One part in 581 Gold 2192 (1913) 682 Cast Iron 1922 to 2382 Wrought Iron 2732 to 2912 Wrought Iron 2732 to 2912 Lead (618) 351 Platinum 3227 1100 Silver 1832 (1733) 524 Steel 2372 to 2552 Tin 540 (442) 403 Zinc 786 (779) 322 Beaume Scale and Specific Gravity Equivalent — The instruments used are a hydrometer and a standard thermometer. The hydrometer, which is a glass column marked with graduations from 10 to 100, was invented by Antoine Beaume, a French chemist, and the scale on the instrument has always borne his name. The hydrometer, when placed in A jar or a bottle of oil, sinks to the point on the scale which indicates the gravity in degrees Beaume. The basis of temperature for testing oil is 60 deg. Fahr., and for oil at a greater or less temperature variations, must be calculated. Hydrometers are usually provided with a special scale for figuring temperature variations. The specific gravity is found by dividing 140 by 130 plus the Beaume degrees. For example: if the hydrometer registers 30 deg., this added to 130 equals 160, which divided into 140, shows specific gravity.875 deg. MISCELLANEOUS Following is a table showing Beaumont degrees, specific gravity and weight per gallon of oil of 60 deg. Fahr: Beaumont Specific Lb. in Beaumont Specific Lb. in Degrees Gravity Gallon Degrees Gravity Gallon 10 1.0000 8.33 37 0.8383 6.99 64 0.7216 6.03 11 0.9929 8.27 38 0.8333 6.95 65 0.7179 6.00 12 0.9859 8.21 39 0.8284 6.91 66 0.7142 5.97 13 0.9790 8.16 40 0.8235 6.87 67 0.7106 5.94 14 0.9722  5.85 17 0.9523 7.94 44 0.8045 6.72 71 0.6965 5.82 18 0.9459 7.88 45 0.8000 6.68 72 0.6930 5.79 19 0.9395 7.83 46 0.7954 6.64 73 0.6896 5.77 20 0.9333 7.78 47 0.7909 6.60 74 0.6863 5.74 21 0.9271 7.73 48 0.7865 6.57 75 0.6829 5.71 22 0.9210 7.68 49 0.7821 6.53 76 0.6796 5.68 23 0.9150 7.63 50 0.7777 6.49 77 0.6763 5.65 24 0.9090 7.58 51 0.7734 6.46 78 0.6730 5.63 25 0.9032 7.54 52 0.7 692 6.42 79 0.6698 5.60 26 0.8974 7.49 53 0.7650 6.39 80 0.6666 5.57 27 0.8917 7.44 54 0.7608 6.36 81 0.6635 5.55 28 0.8860 7.39 55 0.7567 6.32 82 0.6604 5.51 29 0.8805 7.34 56 0.7526 6.29 83 0.6573 5.48 30 0.8750 7.29 57 0.7486 6.26 84 0.6542 5.45 31 0.8695 7.25 58 0.7446 6.22 85 0.6481 5.40 33 0.8588 7.16 60 0.7368 6.16  89 0.6392 5 33 36 0.8433 7 03 63 0.7253 6.07 90 0.6363 5 30 MISCELLANEOUS Specific Gravities of Liquids at 60 Deg. Fahr. Liquid Specific j Gravity Liquid Specific Gravity Rigolene Naptha Naptha No. 2 Sulphuric Ether . .. Alcohol (pure) Refined Petroleum. Alcohol (957c) Turpentine .625 .690 .707 .720 .794 .805 .816 .870 Olive Oil Rape Oil Linseed Oil .92 .92 94 Water 1 00 Muriatic Acid Nitric Acid Sulphuric Acid IMercurv. ... 1.20 1.22 1.85 13 58 Weight and Tensile Strength of Wood, Iron and Other Materials Material White Ash Hickory Chestnut Hemlock White Oak Red Oak Yellow Pine.... Oregon Pine. .. Norway Pine... White Pine Redwood Spruce Whitewood Walnut Cast Iron Malleable Iron. Copper Aluminum Wrought Iron.. Wrought Steel. Iron Pipe Steel Pipe Cement Sand Limestone Weight per Tensile Strength Cubic Foot Pounds per Pounds Square Inch 38 11000 53 12800 41 10500 25 8700 48 10500 40 10000 45 12600 40 12000 341/2 11000 25 10000 7000 125 10000 8500 38 9286 450 15000 to 24000 450 25000 to 35000 550 20000 to 30000 167 15000 to 24000 485 40000 to 50000 490 60000 to 80000 35000 to 45000 50000 to 65000 75 to 90 350 115 168 602 MISCELLANEOUS Weights of Round Iron and Steel per Lineal Foot in Pounds Size in Inches Iron Steel yi .164 .167 A .256 .261 % .368 .375 .501 .511 Yi .654 .667 XE .828 .845 5^ 1.023 1.043 16 1.237 1.262 /€ 1.473 1.502 % 2.004 2.044 1 2.618 2.67 IVs 3.313 3.379 IM 4.091 4.173 1^ 4.95 5.049 13^ 5.09 6.008 1^ 6.913 7.051 IM 8.018 8.078 VA 9.204 9.388 2 10.470 10.679 23^ 11.820 12.056 2M 13.250 13.515 2^ 14.770 15.065 234 16.36 16.69 2^ 18.04 18.40 2M 19.8 20.2 2J^ 21.64 22.07 3 23.56 24.03 Conversion Tables COMPOUND UNITS Metric to U. S. 1 kilogram per meter=0.6720 lb. per foot. 1 kilogram per sq. centimeter=14.223 lb. per sq. inch. 1 kilogram per sq. meter=0.2048 lb. per sq. foot. 1 kilogram per cubic meter=0.0624 lb. per cu. ft. 1 kilogram-meter=7.233 foot pounds. 1 chevel vapeur (metric h. p.) =0.986 horsepower. 1 kilowatt =1.340 horsepower. 1 kilowatt =1.340 horsepower. 1 kilowatt =1.4882 kilograms per meter. 1 lb. per sq. inch=0.0703 kilograms per sq. centimeter. 603 MISCELLANEOUS U.S. to Metric — Continued 1 lb. per sq. ft. =1.4882 kilograms per meter. 1 lb. per sq. inch=0.0703 kilograms per sq. meter. 1 foot pound=0.01383 kilograms per cu. meter. 1 horsepower=1.14 chevel-vapeur (metric h. p.) 1 horsepower=0.746 kilowatt. 1 lb. per horse power =0.447 kilos per chevel. MEASURES OF HEAT. Heat Intensity Temp. Centigrade (temp. fahr. — 32 deg.) 5/9. Temp, fahrenheit (temp. C. x 95=32 deg.) Heat Quantity A kilogram calorie=3.968 British thermal units. A pound calorie=1.8 British thermal units. A British thermal unit=0.252 kilogram calorie. A British thermal unit=0.555 pound calorie. A British thermal unit=0.555 pound calorie. MEASURES OF VOLUME AND CAPACITY Metric to U. S. 1 cu. centimeter=0.061 cu. inch. 1 cu. meter=35.316 cu. feet. 1 cu. meter=1.308 cu. yards. 1 liter 1 cu. decimeter=61.023 cu. inch. Liquid Measure 1 liter=1.0567 quart. 1 liter=0.2642 gallon. 1 cu. meter=264.17 gallon. Dry Measure 1 liter=0.908 quart. 1 hectoliter=2.8375 bushels. U. S. to Metric 1 cu. inch=16.39 cu. centimeters. 1 cu. ft. =0.0283 cu. meter. 1 cu. ft. =28.32 liters. Liquid Measure 1 quart= 0.9463 liters. 1 gallon=3.7854 gallons. 1 gallon=0.0038 cu. meter. Dry Measure 1 quart=1.1013 liters. 1 bushel=0.3524 hectoliters. 604 MISCELLANEOUS WEIGHTS Metric to U. S. 1 milligram=0.0154 grain. 1 gram=5.432 grain. 1 gram=2.2046 lb. (avoir.) 1 metric ton=0.9842 gross tons. U. S. to Metric 1 grain=64.80 milligrams. 1 grain=0.0647 gram. 1 lb. (avoir.) =0.4536 kilogram. 1 net ton=0.9076 metric ton. 1 gross ton=1.0161 metric ton. MEASURES OF LENGTH Metric to U. S. 1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch. 1 centimeter^ 0.3937 inch. 1 meter =39.37 inch. 1 meter = 3.2808 feet. ] kilometer = 0.6214 mile. r. 5. to Metric 1 inch =2bA millimeters. 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters. 1 inch = 0.0254 meter. 1 foot = 0.3048 meter. 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers. Measures of Surface Metric to U. S. 1 sq. millimeter= C. 00155 sq. inch. 1 " centimeter= 0.155 " " 1 " meter =10.764 " ft. 1 " " = 1.196 " yds. 1 hectare ^ 2.471 acres. 1 " = 0.00386 sq. mile. 1 sq. kilometer = 0.3861 " U. S. to Metric 1 sq. inch =645.14 sq. millimeters. 1 " " = 6.452 " centimeters. 1 " foot = 0.0929 " meter. 1 " yard = 0.8361 " 1 acre = 0.4047 hectares. 1 sq. mile =259.00 1 " " = 2.59 sq. kilometers. 1 40 if 122 '5 3 50 30 - m m 90 80 70 = = iio: :^0 = ia- = 9o: E- 20 = rz -30 = 60: = 60: =20 10 — — 60 50 1 =10 0 — — 40 3f. The Natural Gas Association — The first promoters of the Natural Gas Association of America were C. W. Sears, K. M. Mitchel and M. M. Sweetman. The first organization meeting was held at the Midland Hotel in Kansas City, Mo., February 20, 1906, and the following officers were duly elected: President, K. M. Mitchel, St. Joseph, Mo. Vice-President, M. M. Sweetman, Kansas City, Mo. Treasurer, C. H. Pattison, Kansas City, Mo. Secretary, J. H. Dunkel, Lawrence, Kas. The Association started with 30 charter members. The first annual meeting was held at the Midland Hotel, Kansas City, Mo., June 12-13, 1906. Successive meetings have been held in Jop. In, Mo., Kansas City, Oklahoma City, Pittsburgh, Kansas City, Cleveland, O., St. Louis, Mo., the last at Cincinnati, O., in 1915. There were about seven hundred members at the date of the last meeting. The dues are: Active membership, $5.00 per year; junior membership, $3.00 per year. INDEX A and B tables 223 Abandoned gas wells 172 Accuracy of large capacity meter, range  36 Blasting 188 Blow-off's and drips 215 Boiler burners 486 —draft 496 —draft 498 —fallures 500 —gas pressure 506 Boiler burners (cont.) —installation 489, 493, 496 —operation of 498 —results 506 — sampling stack gas 505 —stack gas analysis 505 —temperature of combustion 486 —testing 500 —testing burners 505 —tests 507 —use of steam 492 Booster 337 Boyle's law 386 Boyle, Robert 385 Break in high pressure line 213 British heat units 82 — thermal units 82 Bull rope 129 Bull wheel 129 Burner tests 475 Burnt gases, condensation in 481 By-pass 373 By-pass, regulator 401 California combination rig 119 —heavy rig 124 —rig 117 — rotary rig 127 Calorimeter, Hinman-Junker 83 Candle power 82 Capacities of domestic meters 453 —orifice meters 353 —pipe lines 236-324 —under minus pressure conditions 5 — 49 — tanks 598 — thin offices 435 Capping gas well 164 Carbon black 485 — dioxide 77 Carbonic oxide 77 Care of gas wells 166 — regulators 400 Casing, table of sizes 134 Charles, Jacques C. C 386 Charles law 386 Cherokee shales 34 Circles, areas of 592 Circulating water 511 Cleaning a large capacity meter 373 Cleaning gas wells 154 Coal gas. Laying pipe in 206 Cubic foot bottle 464 Daily peak load 404 Deepest drilled wells 59-62 609 PAGE Demonstration of mud laden fluid at Greis well 137 Density changes in gas volumes 387 Derrick and drilling outfit with list of parts 112 —or rig 109 Description of compression. 325 —low pressure system 403 Diaphragm oil 460 —regulator 399 Differential gauges 426 —pressure 454 Dimensions of drive pipe.. 131 —pipe 190 Ditching 187 Domestic meter 449 —bills, comparison of 480 —capacity of 453 —complaint meter 469 —conveyance meter 469 —conveyance meter 469 —conveyance meter 469 —discontinued reading 453 —cubic foot bottle 464 —deposit card form 440 —diaphragm oil 460 — differential pressure 454 —disconnecting 455 —extrascent meters 466 —installation record 440 —installation record  gauge 498 Drain cocks 376 Drilling 131 — outfit with list of parts 112 — tools 130 — wells in Lake Erie 145 Drips 215 INDEX PAGE Drive pipe, table of sizes 131 Dry holes 159 Early geological history of western New York and Ontario 30 Earth's formation briefly told Effects of weather conditions on manufacturing gasoline 582 Efficiency of current heaters 518 Electrolytic heating 496 — ordinance 417 — remedial measures 417 Electrolytic mitigating system 414 Elevators 159 Equivalents of ounces in inches or water pressure 427 Erratic meters 466 Ethane 77 Evaporation losses in gasoline 578 Every day use in engine room 594 Exhaust pipe 510 Expansion of metals 600 — or contraction of gas 386 Experiments in liquefying crude natural gas 532 Explosive mixture of gas from Petrolia Field 81 — paraffin gases 577 Facts and figures about industrial consumption of gas 484 Failures with boiler burners. 500 Field testing of meters 378 Fire alarm in gas office 419 Fires on high pressure gas line 213 First oil well 56 — use of artificial gas 58 Fittings and gates 218 Flat rate system 448 Flow of gas in pipe lines. 235-324 Foreman's report blank. 445-447 PAGE Formula for determining the quantity of gas when measured above normal pressure 389 Formulas for pipe line capacities 222 Fort Scott limestone 35 Freak gas well 62 Fredonia, N.Y., natural gas in 58 Friction 222 Fuel values, comparison of..482 Funnel meter 378 Gas analyses from California 102 — clefts in lava of Vesuvius 106 — European gas 103 — German springs 105 — rivers, lakes, etc 104 — various fields 96-101 — volcanoes and geysers 106 Gas application form 439 — bearing strata 48 — bills 472 — combustion, temperature of 486 — condensates, solution of..577 Gas engine — — amount of gas required..509 — circulating water 511 — current heaters 517 — exhaust 510 — horse power 509 — operating cost 511 — size of service 510 — size of supply pipe 510 — table of efficiency of current heaters 518 Gaskets 327 Gasoline gas — — air in casing head gas.... 544 — ammonia refrigerating machine 570 — analysis 531, 534 — analyses From different stages of plant operation 574 — capacities of orifice well test 546 — chart of hydrocarbons 533 — compression and liquefication 543 Casoline gas (cont.) — condensation in meters 567 — construction of plant 568 — effects of weather conditions 582 — evaporation losses 578 — experiments in liquefying crude natural gas 532 — explosive limits 577 — gasoline gas industry 520 — gas relief regulators 573 — hauling 579 — heat values of lighter hydrocarbons 575 — laboratory tests of samples of gas 575 — lighting plant 573 — measuring 563 — operating costs 582 — orifice well test 545 — orifice well test 545 — properties of seven para-fon hydrocarbons 539 — regulations for shipping. Ranges 573 —safety valves 582 —shipping 582 —solution of gas condensates 577 —specific gravity and absorption numbers 576 —multipliers 563 —outfit 539 —testing meters 568 —tests for grade and quantity of gasoline 543 —three commercial processes 543 —use of alcohol as a solvent 538 —valve and vapor condensed by compression 573 —volume and pressure recording gauge 566 Gas pressure in boiler burners. 506 —proving pump and gauge. 430 —range tests 475 —relief regulator 573 —service application form. 438 Gas well, care of 166 —drip 164 — freak 62 —lead lines 166 —testing 183 —working capacity of 176 Gates and fittings 218 Gauge alarm 419 Gauges 219,424, 426 Geological chart 5 —formation of the U.S. 2 —history of western New York and Ontario 30 Geology of Mid-continental gas field 31-55 Go-devil 154 Grinding regulator valves. 401 Hauling 189,200 — gasoline 579 Healdton area 46 Heaters, sheet iron 400 Heat facts 94 Heating regulators 401 — value and specific gravity 86 — with gas when pressure is low 479 Heat radiation 95 — units, British 82 — units, values of lighter hydrocarbons 581 High gas bills 472 — pressure line leakage 210 — pressure regulators 397 — pressure taps 217 Hinman-Junker calorimeter 83 History 57-62 Horizons of natural gas 50 Horse power 589-591 — areas of circles 592 — comparative costs of 511 — electrical 593 — every day use in engine room 594 — gas engines 509 — setting engine valves 593 INDEX PAGE Horsepower (cont.) — steam 590 — to find horse power 593 House heating tests 476 — piping 428 — regulators 220. 400 Hydraulic rotary rig 123 Hydrocarbons 78 — in light and heavy gases 533 Hydrogen 76 niuminants 78 niuminating properties of gas 87 Incandescent mantles 481 Income 436 Index of regulator parts 398 Indicated horse power of Compressors 333 Inspection and leaks 207 — of gas line 209 Installation of boiler burners 489,493,496 — form, domestic meter, 440 Installing domestic meter. System 414 — electrolysis 414 — electrolysis ordinance 417 — electrolysis remedial measures 417 — equivalents of pressure in inches  — -melting point of 600 Meter deposit record 440 — prover 463 — reader's record sheet 441 Methane 77 Minute pressure tables 178 Mississippian floor 32 Monthly peak load 405 Mud laden fluid demonstration 137 Multipliers for different specific gravities 234 — erratic meters 468 Multiplier tables 391 Natural gas 78 — analyses 80 — Association 606 — bases of measurement. 173 — consumption of 68-72 — history 57-62 — horizons 50 — in Fredonia, N.Y 58 — Origin of 3, 6-30 — production of 68-72 — properties of 87 Natural gas locomotive.) — reservoirs in North America. 48 — statistics 68-75 — weight of 67 Nitrogen 78 Nitroglycerin 151 Notice requesting payment 444 Office gas bill card form 444 Oil gas 78 — origin of 3, 6-30 — safety tanks 412 — well, first 56 Olifiant gas 77 Open flow capacity of gas wells 182 Operating cost of gasoline plant 582 Operation of boiler burn ers. Oread limestone 38 Orifice 357 —meter 348 — meter capacities 353 — well tester 545 Origin of names of New York state formations 31 — natural gas 3, 6-30 Orsat apparatus 538 Over capacity of large capacity meters 367 Oxygen 78 Packer 156 Painting pipe 194 Pawhuska limestone 39 Peak load, daily 404 — monthly 405 Percentage of gas sold by the month 436 Permian 40 Physiological tests of natural gas 92 Pipe screw — —bending 196 — capacity of 234 — dimensions of 190 —hauling 189 — laying in level country. 194 — laying in rough country. 194 — laying in rough country. 194 — line 191 INDEX PAGE Pipe (cont.) — painting 194 — railroad crossings 198 — rivers and creeks 196 — stringing 190 — swabbing 191 — tallying 189 — unloading 189 Pipe line formulas 222 — leakage 210 — washouts 215 Plain end pipe 200 — angle couplings 206 — bending 201 — covering 207 — covering 207 — c reeks and water soaked ground 206 —hauling 200 — inspection and leaks 207 —laying 202 — regulators and plain end pipe 400 — rough country, laying in 206 — stringing 201 Pleasanton shales 35 Poisonous gases in natural gas, tests for 88 Pole tool rig 128 Pop valves 423 Portable Pitot Tube 346 Postal card gas bill form 443 Powers 163 Pressure, atmospheric 66 — generated by heating gasoline 580 — testing large capacity meters 367 — water 135 Production of gas 68-72 — in Appalachian field 75 — of gasoline in '12 and '13,529 Productive natural gas horizons 50 Properties of gases, illuminating 87 — seven paraffin hydrocarbons 539 Prover 463 Proving domestic meters 458 — large capacity meters 367 Pumping heads 163 — powers 163 Purifiers for domestic service 423 Radiation of heat 95 Railroad crossings, laying pipe under 198 Rating of tin meters 462 Reading large capacity meter 377 — domestic meter 451 Recording gauge 352, 356, 382, 383 — differential gauge 352 — static pressure gauge. .356 Reduction of pressure due to fittings 233 Regulators — — building 410 — by-pass 401 — care of 400 — diaphragms 399 — gas relief 573 — grinding valves 401 — heating 401 — high pressure 397 —house 220, 400 — index of parts 398 —installing 399 — intermediate 397 — low pressure 398 — plain end pipe and regu- lators 400 — sheet iron heater 400 — station 410 Relative location of large gas areas to Old Gulf 3 Remarkable gas reservoirs in North America 48 Repairing domestic meters. .459 Reservoirs of natural gas 48 Rig or derrick 109 Rivers and creeks, laying pipe in 196 Rock pressure 183 Rough country, laving pipe in '....' 206 Round iron, weight of 603 Rules and regulations for house piping 430 614 N D E X i'A(.i-; Rules and Regulations ( cont. ) — of Interstate Commerce Commission for shipping gasoline 583 Safety valves 423 — for tank cars 582 Salt water propositions 168 vSampling apparatus 505 —gas 80 Sands in Cherokee shales 34 Separating tank, gas from oil. 596 Setting engine valves 593 Service application 438 Services and house piping. 428 —table of sizes of drills. .428 — tapping 428 Setting tin meter valves 460 Sheet iron heater 400 Shipping gasoline 582 Shooting 150, 188 Shot anchor 154 — preparing 188 Size of casing 134 — ^mains 406 — services for gas engines. .510 Small gas lines, laying 198 Solidified nitroglycerin 152 Solution of gas condensates. .577 Specifications — California combination standard and rotary rig 119 — California heavy rig 124 — California rig 117 — California rotary rig 127 — double tug rig 114 Specific gravity 85, 540 — and absorption numbers. 576 — Beaume scale 600 — and heating values 86 — apparatus 85 — multipliers 563 —of liquids 602 Stack gas analysis 505 Standard meter prover 463 Static pressure recording gauge 356 Statistics of natural gas. .68, 75 Stealing gas 419 vSteam 590 — horse power 591 Steel pipe 429 Stove burner tests 474 PA(,E vStrata, gas bearing 48 vStrength of wood and iron. 602 String of drilling tools 130 Stringing pipe 190, 201 Structure of Mid-continental field 44 vSuggestions to domestic meter consumers 477 — gas companies 420 Surveying 185 Swabbing pipe 191 Tables A and B 223 Table of capacities of thin orifices 435 — casing dimensions 134 — combustible gas mixtures. This book is of special value where Natural Gas is measured at pressures other than "low pressure". CONTAINING Full explanation of the use of the multipliers as applied to meter readings. Twelve sets of Multiplier Tables from Atmospheric Pressure to Three-Pound Basis. Each table includes multipliers from 2o inches of mercurv minus pressure or "vacuum" up to 500 pound pressure. All Multipliers expressed in five decimals. Pocket size. 60 pages (4:^ inches x 73^^ inches) clearly printed from new type, on special paper. Bound in silk cloth. Title in Gold. PRICE FIFTY CENTS CASH WITH ORDER PUBLISHED BY METRIC METAL WORKS ERIE, PENN'A This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. MAY 2 5 '9^^ ^UU X ? 195£ JUM 2 2 1955 DEC 8 ym m am 10M-11-50 '2555) 470 remington rand inc. 20 Engineering Library r/v no *' 000 334 887 7 Auxtimm STAPK SEP 73 ■<'mm9^^'^ i ^\ ' ti- . ar ^. 