None
R., 96 Floods diminished by forests, 7, 9 Forest air, 16 Forest influence— on air temperature, 3 on climate, 1 on erosion of the soil, 1, 7 on floods, 7, 8, 9 on flow of streams, 10 on rainfall, 3 on silting of reservoirs, 76 on snow melting, 5 on soil temperature, 3 on springs, 7 on water supply, 6 Forestry societies and schools, 66 Forestry work at MHairmyres for tuberculous patients, 28 Forests— absence of, on west coast, 114 aesthetic value of, 18 and climate, 1 and hygiene, 13 and underground water, 16 as sites for sanatoria, 20 bacteria in air and soil of, 17 drainage by, improving health, 16 of conifers and tuberculosis, 22, 26 on mountain watersheds, 9 sanitary influence of, 13 villages in, free from cholera, 17 Fraxinus excelsior, 50, 119, 149 Frosts, spring, and peat-bogs, 15 Furze, 108 Games, organised, in parks, 37 Gathering grounds. See Water catch- ment areas Giandotti, M., 2 Ginkgo biloba, 55 Glasgow Municipal Forest, 41 Gordon, G. P., 31, 32 Gordon, Dr. W., 14 Grants for afforestation, 80 Grass moors, 111 Grazing, zone of hill, 106 Grazing in larch plantations, 117 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES Hairmyres Colony Sanatorium, 27 Hairmyres forest nursery, 28 Hall and Maxwell, 8 Hamburger, Prof., 25 Hardie, Dr. M., 114 Hawes, Austin F., 11 Hay fever, 20 Hazel, 150 Health and forests, 18 Heather, 109 Heaths, 106, 109 Hemlock spruce, 144 Henzell, C. G., 100 Hill pasture, 106, 117 Hill, Prof. Leonard, 22 Hinsdale, Dr. Guy, 32 Hollies for towns, 54 Holmes, Basil, 38 Hornbeam, 157 Horse chestnut, 51 Huftel Ga 12a, Hybrid trees, 121 Hydrogen peroxide, 16 Ilex, hybrids of, 54 India, forest influence on climate of, 2 Interplanting, 134 Ionisation of forest air, 17 Juglans nigra, 47, 168 Juneus, 111 Kellogg, Frank B., 18 Knockboy plantation, 127 Laburnum, 53 Lanark, afforestation scheme at Camps, 29 Landes, forests of, improving health, 18 Larch— European, 15, 93, 98, 139 Japanese, 142 western, 143 woods and grazing, 117 Laurel, 19 Lawson cypress, 19, 146 Lawson, Dr. David, 22 Lees, E. A., 103 Leighton, M. O., 8 Lime trees, species of, 51 Liquidambar, 53 | Loomis, Dr. A. L., 21 INDEX Maidenhair tree, 55 Malaria diminished by forests, 16, 18 Maple, Norway, 51, 156 Margerison, S., 76 Mathieu, A., 11 Metropolitan Public Gardens Associa- tion, 39 Midland Reafforesting Association, 59 Mill, Dr. Hugh R., 2 Mitchell, L., 187 Molinia caerulea, 108, 111 Moorland zone, 109 Moors, planting of, 112 Mulberry, 53 Municipal forests, 41 Nancy, observations on forests and rainfall at, 4, 16 Nardus stricta, 108, 111 National Trust, 40 New Forest, rainfall of, 2 Nordrach Colonie Sanatorium, 21 Nordrach-on-Dee Sanatorium, 22 Oak— common, 53, 152 evergreen, 54, 154, 156 Turkey, 154 Oaks for towns, 53 Oil shale, 69, 70 Open spaces, 33 Oppokov, E. V., 9 Oxygen in air of forests, 15 Ozone in air of forests, 16 Pan, 110 Parks— in towns, 33 purity of air in, 18 of Birmingham, 35 of London, 33 Parry, J., 72, 80, 84 Paulownia imperialis, 47 Peat— bogs, afforestation of, 15, 19 bogs, chilling effect of, 15 formation of, 19, 111 moors, 111, 112 on mountains, 14 planting on, 15, 112, 138, 194 Pennines, 108, 109 Phagocytosis, 25 Phthisis, 20, 23 309 Pine— Austrian, 54, 98, 125 Corsican, 54, 98, 98, 124 forests and sanatoria, 21 leaves, chemical constituents of, 25 maritime, 15, 19, 125 needle oil, 25 plantations at Bournemouth, 24 Scots, 15, 98, 120, 123 Weymouth, 93 Pines, emanations of leaves of, 25 Pines, odours of, 25 Pinus insignis, 127 Pinus montana, 126 Pit banks and bings, 60, 68, 70 Pit mounds— afforestation of, 59, 67, 155 sowing of, 62, 67 trees for, 63, 155 Plane, various species, 48 Plantations— Ardgoil, 41 Elan, 102 Exmoor, 116 Rivington, 95 Thirlmere, 96 Vyrnwy, 92 Washburn Valley, 100 Planting— at high elevations, 115 mattock used in, 98 on peat, 15, 112, 138, 194 on pit banks, 60, 155 on water catchment areas, 85 trees in towns, 55 wet spots, 137, 154 Platanus, several species, 48 Playground movement in America, 42 Playgrounds in towns, 39, 40 Pliny, treatment of tuberculosis, 20 Poplars, 49, 63, 121, 164 Populus, various species, 49, 121, 164 Proceeds-sharing, 80 Pruning of trees, 56 Prunus, species of, 53 Pyrus, species of, 53 Quercus, species of, 53, 154 Rainfall, influence of forests on, 3 Reconstruction Report on Forestry, 79, 86 310 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES Reservoirs— | Springs, forest influence on, 7 dead leaves in, 76, 217 protection of, by tree belts, 76 silting of, 76 Return as to Water Undertakings in England and Wales, 104, 170 Rigg, G. B., 19 Rights of grazing, 103 Roberts, C. H., 10 Robinia Pseudacacia, 50, 65, 69, 169 Rowley Regis School Plantation, 65 Run-off water, 6 Ruskin, 73 Salix, various species, 167 Sallow, 167 Salt spray carried inland, 19 Salt spray, injury to trees, 13, 19 Sanatoria in forests, 20 Sanatorium— Brompton Hospital, Frimley, 21, 22 at Hairmyres, 27 at Nordrach, 21 Nordrach-on-Dee, 22 Pinewood, Wokingham, 22 Sand dunes, afforestation of, 19, 124, 126 Sanitary influence of forests, 13 School forestry societies, 66 School plantations, 62, 64 Scirpus moor, 111 Scots pine, 15, 98, 120, 123 Seed, selection of, 122, 141 Shale banks, planting of, 69 Sheep and shelter belts, 15 Sheep in larch woods, 117 Sheep on water catchment areas, 74 Shelter belts, 14, 24, 129, 139, 147, 148, 156 Shelter for dairy farms, 18 Shelter of grazing iand, 18, 19, 117, 118 Shelter of sanatoria, 24 Silver fir, 93, 128 Slag heaps, 60, 69 Smoke, effect on trees, 45, 57, 95 Smoke of towns, 45, 178 Snow, influence of forests on, 5 Soil erosion, forest influence on, 1, 7 Soil in towns, 45 Soot and trees, 45, 54 Sowing on pit mounds, 62 Special adaptability, 82 Sphagnum moor, 111 Spruce— at high elevation, 31 common, 15, 76, 93, 134 Sitka, 94, 98, 136 white, 115, 138 Staking trees, 55 Stevenson, R. L., 11 Stomata of leaves and soot, 54 Story, Prof. Fraser, 234, 239 Stream-flow, forest influence on, 10 Streets, planting of, 55 trees for, 47 Sulphur dioxide and trees, 45, 58 Sycamore, 51, 63, 156 Tarred roads and trees, 46, 58 Temperature, influence of forests on, 3 Thomson, Prof. James, 34 Thuya gigantea, 19, 42, 93, 183, 145 Tilia, species of, 51 Timber line, 115 Town Planning Act, 38 Towns, parks in, 33 Towns, trees for, 48 | Transpiration of oak forest, 3 Tree limit, 113 Trees— and altitude, 113 and chemical works, 58 choice of, 120 damaged by shale industry, 69, 70 damaged by soot and smoke, 45, 57, 95 for water catchment areas, 119 in towns, 44, 47 injury by salt spray, 13 leaves of, injured by wind, 19 preservation of, 56 wind effect on, 13 Tsuga albertiana, 144 Tuberculosis, sanatoria for, 21 Tulip tree, 47 Turpentine, effect on phagocytosis, 26 Typhoid cases and water supply, 77 Ulex, 108 Ulmus, species of, 52, 160 Underplanting, 144, 146, 157 Unemployed, planting by the, 87, 100, 195 INDEX 311 Vegetation zones, 106, 117 Walker, Dr. Gilbert, 2 Walnut, black, 47, 168 Walther, Dr., 21, 22 Waste land, 106 Water Catchment Areas— Aberdeenshire, 282 abolition of habitations and farms on, 73, 188 afforestation of, 71, 75, 86, 105, 282 arguments for planting, 75, 81 Argyllshire, 249 at low altitudes, 172, 204, 212 Belmont, 188 Bute, 249 bye-laws for, 214, 238 Camps, Mid-Lanark, 27, 261 Cheshire, 206 Clackmannan, 272 compulsory purchase by Corpora- tions, 73, 82, 247 Cornwall, 218 Cumberland, 172 Derbyshire, 206 Development Commissioners’ scheme for afforestation, 89 Devon, 218 Dumbartonshire, 249 Dumfriesshire, 254 Durham, 176 Elan and Claerwen, 101, 238 England, 171 exorbitant prices paid for, 82 extent of total, 78, 88 extent owned by Corporations, 85, 86, 88 Fifeshire, 272 Forfarshire, 277 Glencorse, 264, 266 Glendevon, 279 Glenfinlas, 249 Glensherrup, 279 Gorbals, 86, 250 Inverness, 282 Ireland, 286 Kinross, 272 Kirkcudbrightshire, 254 Lake District, 172 Lanarkshire, 259 Lancashire, 178 Leicestershire, 212 Lincolnshire, 212 Water Catchment Areas (contd. )— Lintrathen, 82, 282 Loch Arklet, 249 Loch Bradan, 257 Loch Katrine, 86, 249 Longdendale, 98, 206 municipal ownership of, 207, 219, 226, 229, 261, 277 Northamptonshire, 212 Northumberland, 176 Perthshire, 249, 277 planting, 75, 76, 105 prevention of floods, 76 prevention of pollution, 71, 77, 187, 238 purchase of, 73, 77 Reconstruction Committee’s re- commendations, 79 Renfrew, 249 restrictions on, 227, 238, 277 River Farg, 277, 278 Rivington, 94, 180 sanitary condition of, 214, 238 Scotland, 247 Severn Basin, 218 sheep grazing on, 74 Slateford Burn, 277, 278 Stirlingshire, 259 Talla, 265, 268 Thirlmere, 73, 95, 172 trees for, 119 utilisation of, 73 Vyrnwy, 88, 237 Wales, 230 Washburn Valley, 99 Westmorland, 172 Wigtownshire, 254 Yorkshire, 190 Water Catchment Areas supplying— Aberdare U.D.C., 245 Abertillery and District, 221 Aberystwyth, 237 Accrington District Gas and Water Board, 184 Airdrie, Coatbridge, and District, 264 Alexandria, Bonhill, and James- town District, 250 Alloa, 272 Annan, 258 Arbroath, 280 Ardrossan, 254 Armagh, 293 Ashton in Makerfield U.D.C., 189 312 Water Catchment Areas supplying (contd. )— Ashton under Lyme, Stalybridge, and Dunkinfield (District), 207 Aspatria, Silloth, and District, 172 Ayr, 256 Bacup, 186 Baildon U.D.C., 198 Ballina, 305 Ballymena, 289 Ballymoney, 289 Banbridge, 292 Bangor (Down), 291 Bangor (Wales), 232 Barnsley, 203 Barrow in Furness, 180 Bathgate District, 262 Batley, 202 Beith, 255 Belfast, 287 Birkenhead, 234 Birmingham, 101 Birr, 300 Blackburn, 195 Blairgowrie, Rattray,and Dist., 280 Bolton, 187 Bo'ness, 269 Boston Waterworks Co., 217 Bradford, 193 Brechin, 281 Bridge of Allan Water Co., 260 Bristol Waterworks Co., 221 Briton Ferry U.D.C., 244 Brymbo Water Co., 235 Brynmawr U.D.C., 241 Buncrana, 291 Bundoran, 305 Burley-in- Wharfedale U.D.C., 197 Burnley, 183 Burntisland, 274 Bury and District, 184 Buttevant, 303 Buxton U.D.C., 210 Cahirciveen, 304 Cardiff, 239 Carlisle, 172 Carlow, 300 Carnarvon, 232 Carnforth District Waterworks Co., 182 Carrick-on-Suir, 301 Castlebar, 305 Castleblayney, 295 Cavan, 295 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES Water Catchment Areas supplying (contd. )\— Cheltenham, 219 Chesterfield Gas and Water Board, 211 Chesterfield R.D.C., 211 Church Stretton U.D.C., 218 Cleator Moor U.D.C., 174 Cleveland Water Co., 205 Clones, 294 Clydebank and District, 251 Colne, 182 j Conway and Colwyn Bay, 233 Crieff, 280 Cupar (Fife), 275 Dalry, 255 Darwen, 189 Denny and Dunipace, 259 Derwent Valley Water Board, 210 Devonport, 226 Dewsbury and Heckmondwike, 203 Doncaster, 204 Drogheda, 299 Dublin, 296 Dumbarton, 251 Dumfries and Maxwelltown, 258 Dundalk, 299 Dundee, 281 Dunfermline, 279 Dunfermline District, 279 Dungannon, 293 Dungarvan, 302 Dunoon, 252 Duns, 271 Ebbw Vale U.D.C., 241 Edinburgh, 264 Ennis, 305 Enniskillen, 295 Exmouth U.D.C., 224 Falkirk and Larbert Trust, 260 Falmouth Waterworks Co., 229 Fermoy, 303 Forfar, 281 Fraserburgh, 283 Fulwood U.D.C., 182 Fylde Water Board, 181 Galashiels, 271 Girvan, 257 Glasgow, 249 Glossop, 209 Gloucester, 220 Glyncorwg U.D.C., 244 Grange U.D.C., 181 Grangemouth, 260 INDEX Water Catchment Areas supplying (contd. )— Greenock, 252 Guisborough Water Co., 205 Halifax, 199 Hamilton, 262 Harrogate, 192 Hawarden and District Water- works Co., 236 Hawick, 271 Helensburgh, 250 Heywood and Middleton, 188 Higham Ferrars and Rushden, 214 Holyhead Waterworks Co., 230 Holywood, 291 Horwich U.D.C., 189 Huddersfield, 201 Inverness, 282 Inverurie, 285 Irvine and District, 255 Ivybridge U.D.C., 227 Keady, 293 Keighley, 198 Keith, 284 Kelso, 272 Kendal, 175 Kettering U.D.C., 214 Kilbirnie, 255 Kilkenny, 300 Killarney, 304 Killorglin, 304 Kilmarnock, 256 Kilsyth, 259 Kingussie, 283 Kirkcaldy and Dysart, 274 Kirkcaldy District, 277 Kirkcudbright, 258 Kirriemuir, 280 Lanark, 263 Lanarkshire Middle Ward, 29, 261 Lancaster, 181 Lauder, 271 Leeds, 99, 190 Leicester, 216 Letterkenny, 291 Leven, 275 Linlithgow County, Bathgate Dis- trict, 262 Linlithgow County, Central Dis- trict, 270 Linlithgow District, 269 Lisburn, 289 Liverpool, 88 Llandudno U.D.C., 233 313 Water Catchment Areas supplying (contd, )— Llanelly, 238 Llanfairfechan U.D.C., 232 Llanidloes, 237 Llantrisant and Llantwitfardre R.D.C., 246 Loanhead, 269 Lochgelly, 272 Londonderry, 290 Longford, 299 Loughborough, 215 Macclesfield, 208 Machynlleth U.D.C., 237 Mallow, 303 Malvern U.D.C., 219 Manchester, 95 Margam U.D.C., 243 Melton Mowbray U.D.C., 216 Merthyr Tydfil, 240 Middleton, 302 Milford Haven U.D.C., 238 Millom U.D.C., 175 Monaghan, 294 Morley, 200 Morpeth, 176 Motherwell, 262 Mountain Ash U.D.C., 244 Nantwich U.D.C., 211 Neath, 243 Neath R.D.C., 241 Nelson, 183 Nenagh, 301 Newburgh, 276 Newcastle (Down), 292 Newcastle and Gateshead Water Co., 176 Newport (Mon.), 220 New Ross, 300 Newry, 293 Newtown and _ Lilanllwchaiarn U.D.C., 237 Northampton, 212 North Berwick, 270 Okehampton, 228 Oldham, 202 Omagh, 294 Oswestry, 236 Otley U.D.C., 196 Padiham U.D.C., 183 Paignton U.D.C., 228 Paisley, 253 Penmaenmawr U.D.C., 232 Penrith U.D.C., 175 314 Water Catchment Areas supplying (contd, )— Penzance, 229 Peterhead, 284 Pittenweem and Anstruthers, 276 Plymouth, 224 Pontypridd and Rhondda, 244 Portadown and Banbridge, 292 Port Glasgow, 252 Portrush, 290 Portstewart, 290 Preston, 182 Prestonpans Water Trust, 270 Queenstown, 302 Rathmines and Rathgar U.D.C., 298 Renfrew First District, 253 Rhondda U.D.C., 245 Rhyl U.D.C., 233 Ripon, 192 Rochdale, 186 Rosyth, 279 Rothesay, 252 Ruabon Water Co., 235 St. Andrews, 276 St. FROM CONSTABLES LIST ANIMAL LIFE AND HUMAN PROGRESS Edited by ArtHuR Denby, DSc, F.RS., Fellow of King’s College and Professor of Zoology in the University of London. Demy 8vo. 227 + ia pages. 10s. 6d. net. INFLUENCES OF GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT By E. C. Sempete, Author of “American History and its Geographic Conditions.” Medium 8vo. 700 pages. 18s. net. OUTLINES OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY By ArtHur Denpy, D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology in the University of London (King’s College) ; Zoological Secretary of the Linnean Society of London; Honorary Member of the New Zealand Institute ; formerly Professor of Biology in the Canterbury College (University of New Zealand), and Professor of Zoology in the South African College, Cape Town. Second Edition, enlarged. Fourth Impression, with a Glossary. Illustrated. 15s. net. INDIAN TREES An Account of Trees, Shrubs, Woody Climbers, Bamboos and Palms, Indigenous or Commonly Cultivated in the British Indian Empire. By Sir Drerrich Branpis, K.C.IE., Ph.D., (Bonn) LL.D., (Edin.) F.R.S., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., and Hon. Member of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society, of the Society of American Foresters, and of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Assisted by Indian Foresters. 10s. 6d. net. SOILS AND MANURES By J. AtAN Murray, B.Sc. Illustrated. Extra crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. EUROPEAN ANIMALS: Their Geological History and their Geographical Distribution. By R. F. Scuarrr, B.Sc., Ph.D., F.L.S. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d. net. THE LIVING PLANT: A Description and Interpreta- tion of its Functions and Structure. By Wit11aM F. Ganone, Ph.D. Illustrated. 465 + vit pages. 15s. net. ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY By Vernon L. Keiioae and C. W. Doane. 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