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the first half wave the charging current flowing to the condenser C passes through V,, and for the second half wave through V2. The unidirectional current through V; is measured by the pivoted moving coil galvanometer, M, which is arranged for switchboard use. Theoretically, the electrical valves may introduce a small error, for if the voltage wave is greatly distorted the current flowing to the condenser may have negative values during a half- cycle. In order that the net value of the current flowing through the condenser may be measured, these negative values should be included in the current which flows through the galvanometer. Another method of measuring peak voltages is by the use of an instrument based on the oscillograph principle, such as the Simplex Vibrating Voltmeter, a section of which is shown in Fig. | a 4 CABLE TESTING 703 a, * a test-room. instrument intended for use on the 4 When the instrument is operating, the peak voltage is pro- a portional to the length of the band of light on the screen. : The necessary vertical and horizontal adjustments of the beam _ of light can be made from the front of the switchboard by means _ of two milled heads which actuate the two adjusting rods. To a compensate for changes in the amplitude of vibration due to _ variations of temperature and other causes, an adjustable _ theostat is connected in series with the vibrator. By connecting _ the vibrator circuit to a source of direct current by means of a _ ,double-throw switch the calibration may be quickly and ac- _ ¢urately made. The magnets are operated at high saturation go that fluctuations in exciting currents affect the instrument but _ slightly. The instrument as used is connected to the secondary __ of a potential transformer, whose primary is connected directly to the high-tension circuit or to a voltage winding on the transformer. ¥ In any case where a potential transformer is used for very high voltages, one should be on guard against the effect of dis- tributed capacity in the transformer and satisfy himself by independent tests that no error is thus introduced. References 1. “Location of Broken Insulators and Other Transmission-line Troubles,” _ ©. L. Nicuotson, Trans. American Institute Electrical Engineers, vol. 26, part II, 1907, p. 1319. —s«-& ~ “Location of Faults in Underground High-tension Power Cables,” ~ Wiruram A. Durer, National Electric Light Association, Thirty-third Convention, 1910, Proc., p. 498, vol. 1. See also “Location of Faults in _ Underground Cables,” Witu1am A. Dorey, Electrical World, vol. 54, 1909, p. 1286. ‘3. “The Voltage Testing of Cables,” W. I. Mippierton and C. L. Dawes, Trans. American Institute Electrical Engineers, vol. 33, part II, 1914, p. 1185. _ 4, “The Crest Voltmeter,” L. W. Cuuss, Trans. American Institute Elec- trical Engineers, vol. 35, 1916, p. “121. 5. “Peak Voltmeter,” C. H. Suarp and E. D. Doyis, Trans. American ” Institute Electrical Engineers, vol. 35, 1916, p. 129. 6. “The Voltmeter Coil in Testing Transformer,’ ‘ Jn., Trans. American Institute Electrical Engineers, vol 7. “Notes on the Measurement of High Voltage,” Trans. American Institute Electrical Engineers, vol. 35, 1 Es 2 \_@. ? A, B. HENDRICKS, . 35, 1916, p. 138. Wiiitr1amM R. Work, 916, p. 203. o> Se) ar seo ik eee ‘ oe om ht Lager pel Poa g S Ree j he oS. a PE r eye Re ae: ; rs aad vate ag APS a ae ee) jth % ik if 8 Pent 20: ley yghaie Shas ae PETS Ck tf asad bas ae ee Me a, E ate Sry eerie sia Mio rise Beouiedhit) spit. * arts ei toe oa r ee “ alts?. suai? Y bs ers § 3 "9 : ce P 740 et ers pany tery biel pey et Aafia erie a ee 4 Se ee eee 3 é ee de a Chet ee .. eta, eee he hos aust ok ote i : e tiles ee ‘ ai. eee ‘3 : ie Pie ¢ oe ae ae epi a zn eo » Mey Ps Wy ine hee ij adh ‘ pg, sts! 4 h hes ii Tei : ; : 7 " my te ond oquanembae ale = Pa ‘. LEGAL DEFINITION OF THE ELECTRICAL UNITS IN THE UNITED STATES [Act Approved July 12, 1894] Be it enacted, etc., That from and after the passage of this act the legal units of electrical measure in the United States shall be as follows: First.—The unit of resistance shall be what is known as the inter- national ohm, which is substantially equal to one thousand million units of resistance of the centimeter-gram-second system of electro- Ohm magnetic units, and is represented by the resistance offered to an unvarying electric current by a column of mercury at the temperature of melting ice fourteen and four thousand five hundred and twenty-one ten-thousandths grams in mass, of a constant cross- sectional area, and of the length of one hundred and six and three-tenths centimeters. Second.—The unit of current shall be what is known as the inter- national ampere, which is one-tenth of the unit of current of the centi- meter-gram-second system of electro-magnetic units, and Ampere is the practical equivalent of the unvarying current, which, when passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water in accordance with standard specifications, deposits silver at the rate of one thousand one hundred and eighteen millionths of a gram per second. Third.—The unit of electro-motive force shall be what is known as the international volt, which is the electro-motive force that, steadily applied to a conductor whose resistance is one international ohm, Volt will produce a current of an international ampere, and is practi- cally equivalent to one thousand fourteen hundred and thirty- fourths of the electro-motive force between the poles or electrodes of the voltaic cell known as Clark’s cell, at a temperature of fifteen degrees centigrade, and prepared in the manner described in the standard specifications. Fourth—The unit of quantity shall be what is known as the inter- national coulomb, which is the quantity of electricity trans- Coulomb ferred b t of international ampere in one second. y a current of one internatio p Fifth—The unit of capacity shall be what is known as the inter- national farad, which is the capacity of a condenser charged has to a potential of one international volt by one international coulomb of electricity. Sizth.—The unit of work shall be the Joule, which is equal to ten million units of work in the centimeter-gram-second system, and sa which is practically equivalent to the energy expended in one second by an international ampere in an international ohm. 45 705 706 DEFINITION OF ELECTRICAL UNITS Seventh—The unit of power shall be the Watt, which is equal to Watt ten million units of power in the centimeter-gram-second system, and which is practically equivalent to the work done at the rate of one Joule per second. ‘ Eighth—The unit of induction shall be the Henry, which is the teary induction in a circuit when the electro-motive force induced in this circuit is one international volt while the inducing current varies at the rate of one ampere per second. Section 2.—That it shall be the duty of the National Academy of Sciences to prescribe and publish, as soon as possible after the passage of this act, such specifications of detail as shall be necessary for the practical application of the definitions of the ampere and volt herein- before given, and such specifications shall be the standard specifications herein mentioned. The Act of July 12, 1894, is still in force, but advantage has been taken — of the manner of stating how the international volt shall be practically realized and the correct value of the e.m.f. of the Weston normal cell has been substituted by the Bureau of Standards for the erroneous value of the e.m.f. of the Clark cell stated in the act. i a ie ea i ial eT [ PROPERT) OF ELECTRICAL LABORATORY, FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE. OCT/2Z 792. a Date Sn os hee ay } . A m) ne ze) Set cu! y and precision, 593 ceurae y, percentage of for watt- ar meters, defined, 493 r me ‘Pe G. electrodynamometer for ___ large currents 87 method of testing ent transformers, 588 nti % current, meesurnglerge, alan of, 232 Sica, General Electric, 71 ion srenanencaes 449 _ the ‘mo, hot wire, 58 igh frequency, 61 is 7 yrenihed 63 rson bridge, 403 ic area ncritted 83 needle system for Thomson w , 8 n and Mather int, 52 1 and Perry inductor, 344 LOTTE U universal] B ance , current, 89 Kelvin or Thomson balance, 92 _ Rayleigh absolute balance, 90 advantages of for absolute measurements, 91 707 INDEX Bauuistic GALVANOMETER Chapter II, 99 calibration of, 103 checking device for, 102 damped, 109 critically damped, 120 description of, 99 movable systems for, 101 reading, precautions in, 102 shunts used with, 122 universal shunt, advantage _ for open circuit work, 124 theory of, damped instrument, when e.m.f. applied to circuit is a function of time, 109 i when discharge is in- stantaneous (Equa- tion 20), 115 when discharge is pro- longed according to exponen- tial law, 117 according to graph connecting e.m.f. and time, 119 by impulses, 118 critically damped instru- ment, instantaneous discharge, 121 undamped moving coil in- strument, 107 undamped Kelvin instru- ment, 109 | Best resistance for Thomson gal- vanometer, 17 Blavier test, 673 708 Blondel, A theorem concerning measure- ment of power in polyphase circuits, 328 Braun tube, 644 Breakdown tests of high voltage cables, 692 Bristol curve drawing ammeter, 553 Broca galvanometer, 23 Brooks, H. B. deflection potentiometer, 277 variable inductor, 345 Cc CaBLeE TESTING Chapter XV, 672 breakdown test of high vol- tage cables, 692 fault location, 672 in underground high ten- sion cables, 684 Cadmium cell, Weston, 298 CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTS Chapter XIII, 593 calibration by standard cell, ammeters, direct current, 606 voltmeters, direct current, 604 calibration by potentiometer, 608 calibration of ammeters and voltmeters, alternating current, 608 calibration of wattmeters, 610 calibration of watt-hour meters, see Meter testing, ' 490 Calibration of resistance boxes and _ bridges, 170 slide wire, 178 Campbell, A. compensation for inductance of shunts, 139 INDEX Campbell, A., mutual inductance measurement, 417 standard of mutual inductance, 342 Capacity AND INpUCTANCE, Mza- SUREMENT OF Chapter VII, 341 capacity measurement absolute method, Maxwell, 364 alternating current method, elementary, 380 Anderson bridge, 403 bridge method, using vari- able current, 381 deflection method, 369 using commutator, 373 DeSauty method, 383 Gott method, 377 impedance bridge, 390 secohmmeter method, 389 Thomson method, 375 Wien bridge, 393 Capacity, standards of air condensers, absolute, 347 air condensers, secondary, 350 using compressed gas dielec- tric, 353 mica condensers, 360 paraffined paper condensers, 364 working standards, 354 Chubb, L. W. analyzer, harmonic, 666 crest voltmeter, 700 Clark cell, 294 Closed circuits, measurement of resistance of part of, 96 Compensation or lagging of induc- tion wattmeters and watt- hour meters See Induction instruments, 453 Induction watt-hour meter, 475 Condensers on alternating current circuits, 358 on direct current circuits, 357 air, 347 INDEX "709 Condensers, capacity, determination of, 364 compressed gas, 353 mica, 360 paraffined paper, 364 phase angle, determination of, 394 -sub-divided, 354 Conductivity, see resistivity, 227 Conductivity of aluminum, 232 of copper, international stand- ard, 230 per cent., 232 Conductivity bridges, 232 Hoopes conductivity bridge, 233 Contact method, for wave form, 613 Copper, conductivity of, interna- tional standard, 230 temperature coefficients for, 223 temperature correction for, 222 Crest voltmeter, Chubb, 700 Critical damping ballistic galvanometer, 120 condition for, 26 moving coil galvanometer, 38 Cross-section, best form of for Thomson galvanometer coil, 14 CurrRENT MEASUREMENT Chapter I, 1 ammeters, 54 current balance, 89 electrodynamometer, 72 galvanometers, 1 Current, sources of, for inductance and capacity measurements, 420 Curve Drawine or Grapuic ReE- CORDING INSTRUMENTS Chapter XI, see Graphic record- ing instruments, 552 Curve tracer, Rosa, 617 Cyclograph, for measuring power losses in insulation, 326 D Damping of ballistic galvanometers, 109 Damping of ballistic galvanometers, critical, 120 of galvanometers, 25 critical, 31 D’Arsonval galvanometer, moving coil galvanometer, 32 critically damped moving coil galvanometer, 38 current and voltage sensi- tivity of, 41 auxiliary damping for, 43 D’ Arsonval-galvanometer described, 32 magnetic damping for, 38 magnetic impurities in coil, effect of, 35 magnets for, 34 suspensions for, 36 temperature, effect of, 37 Decade and dial arrangements of resistance coils, 143 Demand indicators, 511 General Electric Co. printometer, 525 type Mz, 523 type W, 518 Ingalls, 520 Westinghouse Co. type R.O., 526 Wright, 513 DeSauty method for comparing capacities, 383 Dial and decade arrangements of resistance coils, 143 Differential galvanometer method for measuring resistances, 157 Kohlrausch method, overlap- ping shunts, 159 Direct deflection method for comparing capacities, 369 for high and insulation resist- ance measurement, 201 for resistance measurement, 156 Disconnections, total, locating, 690 Drysdale, C. V. phase shifting transformer, 502 phase shifting transformer, 290 710 Drysdale, C. V., potentiometer, alternating curent, 291 wattmeter readings, correction of, 311 Duddell, W. ammeter, thermo, 60 galvanometer, thermo, 46 inductor, 104 Durgin, W. A., exploring coil for locating grounds, 687 E Earth inductor, 104 Earth overlap test, 674 Einthoven or string galvanometer, 44 Evecrricity Mrrers Chapter IX, 457 demand indicators, 511 meter testing, 490 watt-hour meters direct current, 457 induction, 473 mercury, 484 Electrodynamometer, 72 Agnew tubular, for heavy cur- rents, 87 astatic, 83 Irwin, 84 law of electrodynamometer, 77 rewinding of electrodynamome- ter, 85 Siemens electrodynamometer, 76 Electrometers attracted disc, 244 quadrant, 248 ELECTROMOTIVE Force AND Po- TENTIAL DIFFERENCE MEAs- UREMENT Chapter V, 236 see Potential difference. Electrostatic instruments, 243 Electrostatic tube for 0 agai wave form, 647 Electrostatic wattmeter, 320 INDEX Errors in indicating electrical instru- ments, 595 due to balancing, lack of, 598 to corrosion of springs, 598 to eddy currents, 602 to electrostatic action, 602 to external temperatures, 599 to frequency and wave form, 603 to friction, 596 to internal heating, 600 to millivoltmeter leads, 599 to reading, 595 to scale errors, 598 to shunts, 598 to springs, 597 to stray fields, 601 to thermo _ electromotive forces, 599 Evershed, Megger, 213 Extension coils for slide wire bridge, 174 F Fault location, 672 Blavier test, 673 disconnections, locating total, 690 earth overlap test, 674 high tension cables, locating faults in underground, 684 Durgin exploring coil for verification tests, 687 loop tests, 676 two ammeter loop test, 676 Fisher loop test, 682 resistance of defective con- ductor, determination of, 680 Murray loop test, 678 _ Varley loop test, 679 volt-ammeter test, 675 Ferranti ampere hour meter, 485 Fisher loop test, 682 | Fleming and Dyke resonator, 424 Fluxmeter, 124 , G. Carey i * calibration of slide wire, 178 comparison of nearly equal re- ——- sistances, 175 determination of mutual induc- Frequency Meters, Puase MeE- . ag vers, Power Factor Inpica- a _-- PORS AND SYNCHROSCOPES Chapter X, 530 frequency meters, 546 induction, Westinghouse, eek magnetic vane, Weston, et 551 resonating frequency meters, 546 General Electric Com- pany, 546 Hartmann and Braun, 549 ' a G | 7 - Galvanometer constant - defined, 3 of _-coil of rectangular cross- a ss geetion, 13 3 relation of galvanometer con- stant to galvanometer sg resistance, Thomson galva- oe nometer, 16 _ Galvanometers . ballistic, 99 D’Arsonval, or moving coil, 32 Einthoven, or string, 44 Julius suspension for galvanom- eters, 49 motion of suspended system of galvanometer, 24 selection of, points to be con- sidered, 48 \ tangent galvanometer, 1 thermo, 46 iy Thomson or Kelvin, 5 ~ General Electric Co. ammeter, curve drawing, 555. __ loss of charge method, 209 ae ij _ Megger, Evershed, 213 ___-voltmeter method, 208 Irwin astatic electrodynamometer, in or Thomson balance, 92 n or Thomson double bridge, 191 best resistance for Thomson _ galvanometer, used with, 195 galvanometer current in, 194 ___ precision measurements with, ai: 198 3 na ht eves method for adjusting ab “aa ratio arms, 199 o Spenaitivity attainable with, 196 a bas Wenner method for eliminat- a ‘ ing lead resistances, 199 S tethod of overlapping shunts a _. for resistance measurements using differential galvanom- | eter, 159 ¥ ra ‘2 ; L a Se ailicetment for induction watt- hour meters, 475 ESoil for commutating watt-hour _ meters, 471 is and N orthrup potentiometer, a 274 * INDEX or Thomson galvanometer, 5 713 Leeds and Northrup s lator, 430 aa Lincoln synchroscope, 540 Load boxes for meter testing, 494 Logarithmic decrement, 30 Loop tests, 676 Low resistances, measurement. of, 190 M Magnetic damping for moving coil instruments, 38 Magnetic shielding, 8, 22 Magnetic vane ammeter and volt- meter, 70 Magnetic vane frequency meter, 551 Magnets ageing of, 34 cast iron, 34 temperature coefficient of, 34 Manganin resistance wire, 129 Maximum demand indicators, 511 Maxwell, J. C. absolute measurement of capac- ity, 364 comparison of 386 of mutual inductances, 416 Megger, Evershed, 213 Mercury motor meters, 484 ampere-hour meter, 485 Ferranti, 485 Sangamo, 487 watt-hour meter, Sangamo, 488 Meter testing, 490 ficticious loads and arrange- ments for phase shifting, 500 load boxes, 494 methods of testing, 493 inductances, phase shifting transformer, Drysdale, 502 portable standard watt-hour meters, 495 sources of error in meters, 493 714 Meter testing, testing large direct- current watt-hour meters, 506 polyphase induction watt- hour meters, 504 timing device for calibrating watt-hour meters, 499 Mica condensers, 360 Microphone hummer, 422 Campbell form, 423 Motion of suspended system of gal- vanometer, 24 Moving coil, or D’Arsonval galva- nometer, 32 Murray loop test, 678 Mutual inductance, measurement of, 415 Carey Foster and Heydweiller method, 418 Maxwell method, 416 Mutual inductance bridge, 408 effect of eddy currents in, 412 Mutual inductance standards, 341 N Needle system for Thomson gal- vanometer, 11 Northrup, E. F. alternating and direct-current comparator, 610 measurement of insulation re- sistance with power on, 214 O Ondograph, Hospitalier, 622 Oscillograph, 629 electrostatic, 641 theory of, 638 P Paraffined paper condensers, 364 Parallel wire ammeter for high fre- quency current, 63 , Peak or crest voltage, measurement of, 698 INDEX Peak Chubb, crest voltmeter, 700 Simplex peak voltmeter, 702 Phase angle of condensers, defined, 358 determined by Wein bridge, 394 Phase angle of instrument trans- formers, 566 current transformers, 582 potential transformers, 587 Phase angle and ratio corrections due to instrument trans- formers, 577 effect of phase angle in three- phase power measurements, 578 _Puase Meters, Power Factor In- DICATORS, SYNCHROSCOPES AND FREQUENCY MBTERS Chapter X, 530 frequency meters, 546 idle current meters, 530 phase meter, 532 polyphase power factor in- dicators, 536 power factor charts, 539 single-phase power factor in- dicators, 535 synchroscopes, 540 synchronizing lamps, 543 Phase meter, Tuma, 532 Poggendorf method of comparing a potential difference and an elec- tromotive force, 269 Polarity tests for instrument trans- formers, 570 Polyphase, circuit, measurement of power in, 328 wattmeter, 333 watt-hour meter, 482 PoTeNTIAL DIFFERENCE AND ELEC- TROMOTIVE Force MEASURE- MENT Chapter V, 236 electrostatic instruments, 243° potentiometer arrangements, 269 DIFFERENCE AND ELEC- TROMOTIVE Force Mrasure- ‘MENT ‘| =~ potentiometer arrangements, potentiometer, 271 a alternating current, 289 _ __ defiectional, 277 aa Leeds and Northrup po- tentiometer, 274 thermo kraft frei, 284 Wolff potentiometer, 276 voltmeters, for direct current, 236. for alternating current, 239 ei bitidometer method for measur- is resistance, 157 _ Potier, method for measuring power, 3 320 - Power factor charts, 539 a - Power Factor Inpicators, PHase METERs, AND FREQUENCY METERS Chapter X, 530 dicators, 535 polyphase power factor indi- polyphase circuits, measure- ment of power of, 328 Potier method for power measurement, 320 power diagram indicator, Ryan, 326 split dynamometer method for power measurement, 319 three dynamometer method, 317 voltmeter method, 318 wattmeter, electrodynamo- meter, 304 ia INDEX SyNCHROSCOPES : single-phase power-factor in- | 715 Powrer MEASUREMENT electrostatic, 320 polyphase, -333 Punga power factor meter, 539 Pyrometer, resistance, 224 Q Quadrant electrometer, 248 Quartz fibers, 11 R Rate of watt-hour meters, defined, 493 Rayleigh Clark cell, 296 current balance, 89 Reeves method for adjustment of Thomson bridge, 199 Resistance coil, construction of, 128 for alternating current work, 133 REsIsTANCE DEVICES Chapter III, 128 resistance boxes, 142 dial and decade arrange- ments, 143 multiple decade arrange- ments, 144 Northrup decade arrange- ments, 145 resistance coil, construction of, 128 © for alternating work, 133 - rheostats, 145 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT Chapter IV, 155 closed circuit, resistance of 4 part of, 95 Sitaiaesied power on, - Northrup method, 216 voltmeter method, 214 deflection method, 156 differential galvanometer, 157 Kohlrausch method, 159 current circuit with 716 RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT high and insulation resist- ances, 200 direct deflection method, 201 loss of charge method, 209 Megger, Evershed, 213 voltmeter method, 208 low resistance measurement, 190 Kelvin bridge, Thomson or, 191 Wheatstone bridge method, 190 potentiometer method for resistance measurements, 157 substitution method, 156 volt ammeter method, 155 Wheatstone bridge, 162 slide wire form, 172 Resistance pyrometer, 224 Resistance standards, 131 low resistance for alternating current work, 137 compensation for inductance of, 139 national physical laboratory form, 140 Reichsanstalt form, 137 Resistance wire, manganin, 129 Resistance of part of permanently closed circuits, measurement of, 95 Resistivity, conductivity, methods of stating, 227 aluminum, resistivity of, 232 copper, resistivity of, inter- national standard, 230 per cent. conductivity, 232 Resistivity temperature constant, 230 and temperature coefficient of resistance, 231 Resonator, Fleming and Dyke, 424 Rheostats, 145 carbon compression, 153 immersed wire, 150 INDEX Rheostats, water, 145 wire, 150 Rosa, E. B., curve tracer, 617 Rotary standard watt-hour meter, portable standard watt-hour me- ters, 495 Ryan, H. Substitution method for measuring tance, 156 Thomson galvanometer, - strip, for D’Arsonval galva- oe — 36 z lamps, 543 H oe Puase METERS, tw owas Factor InpIcAToRS _ Hartmann and Braun syn- = chroscope, 543 ___ Lineoln synchroscope, 540 _ synchronizing lamps, 543 _ Siemens and Halske, syn- -ehronizing lamps, 544 Weston synchroscope, 542 INDEX 717 7 “ Temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, 218 mean temperature coefficient, 221 temperature coefficient of re- sistance, 221 coefficients for copper, 223 correction for copper, 222 Thermo, ammeters, 58 e.m.f., compensation for in Wheatstone bridge, 172 galvanometer, Duddell, 46 Thomson or Kelvin balance, 92 double bridge, 191 galvanometer, 5 watt-hour meter for direct cur- rent, 457 Three dynamometer method for measuring power, 317 voltmeter method for measuring power, 318 TRANSFORMERS, INSTRUMENT Chapter XII, 562 current transformer, 563 theory of, 572 ratio and phase angle ex- perimentally deter- mined, 580 by comparison test, 588 polarity tests for, 570 potential transformer, 562 theory of, 575 ratio and phase angle ex- perimentally — deter- mined, 584 by comparison test, 588 Tubular electrodynamometers, Ag- new’s for heavy currents, 87 Tuma phase meter, 532 adjustment of, 534 application to polyeneee eir- cuits, 536 Two wattmeter eetbadd for measur- ing polyphase power, 331 Y box for use with balanced loads, 338 718 U Units, legal electrical in U. 8., 705 Universal shunt, Aryton and Mather,. 52, 202 ¥ Varley loop test, 679 Vibration galvanometer, 434 current, sensitivity of, 436 voltage, sensitivity of, 438 Voltmeter alternating-current, 239, 241 direct-current, 236 effect of temperature on, 237 electrodynamometer voltmeter, 239 hot wire voltmeter, 241 Hartmann and Braun, 242 roller, 242 induction, 449 electrostatic, 253 condenser multiplier for, 256 high range, 258 use of false zero, 256 Volt-ammeter method for resistance measurement, 155 Vreeland oscillator, 420 Ww Wagner earth connection, 397 Walker, Miles, connections for elec- trostatic wattmeter, 321 Water rheostats, 145 Wattmeter electrodynamometer, 304 designation of terminals of, 329 heating losses in, 306 compensation for heating in potential circuit, 307 local field effects, 308 mutual inductance between current and potential cir- cuits, effect of, 315 reactance in potential circuit, effect of, 309 i ee. INDEX Wattmeter , electrodynamometer, reactance in potential circuit, compensation for, 313. correction for, 311 voltage between fixed and movable coils, 309. electrostatic wattmeter, 320 induction wattmeter, 452 lagging device for, 453 polyphase wattmeter, 333 interference of elements of, 333 4 + Wattmeter method for measuring large alternating corre 86 Watt-hour meter accuracy, relative, of ‘siete and commutating types under ‘ service conditions, 468 | commutating meters for direct current, 457 on alternating current cir- cuit, 471 essential characteristics of watt- hour meters, 461 induction watt-hour meter, 473 ‘lagging device for, 475 polyphase, 482 mercury watt-hour meter, 488 meter testing, 490 : three wire meter for direct cur- rent, 469 Wave analysis, 650 Fischer-Hinnen method, 661 harmonic analyzers, 666 Chubb analyzer, 666 Laws method of experimental analysis, 669 Runge method of grouping terms, 652 example of 12 point schedule, 656 Wave Form, DETERMINATION OF © Chapter XIV, 612 Braun tube, 644 contact method, 613 DETERMINATION OF tube, 647 , polyphase correc= , “tion for i interference of ele- ay rs Sa 162 a a at meter, 185 INDEX agen position for galvano- 719 Wheatstone bridge, best resistance — for Thomson galvanometer used with, 184 bridge tops, examples of, 167 calibration of bridge or resist- ance box, 170 compensation for thermo e.mf., 172 galvanometer, current in, 183 sensitivity attainable with, 187 Wheatstone bridge, slide wire form, 172 extension coils for, 174 Whitehead and Gorton, arrange- ment for measuring peak voltage, 700 Wien bridge, for determining capac- ity and phase angle condenser, 393 Wilson, method for measuring in- ductance, 414 large as Y box, star box, for use in measure- ment of balanced three-phase power, 338 Z Zeleny, discharge key, 372 — ie ee eee nena ‘ cama OF ELECTRICAL LABORATORY, FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE. of tz. 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