None
[Chicago, Louisville, and Milwaukee.] Wooden Building. A wooden or framef building. [Boston, Kansas City, and Minneapolis.] Any building of which an external or pvty wall is constructed in whole or in part of wood. [Denver and District of Columbia.] Having more wood on the outside than that required for the door and window frames, doors, shutters, sash porticos, and wooden steps, and all frame buildings or sheds, although the sides and ends are proposed to be covered with corrugated ^n or.other metal, shall be deemed a wooden building imder this law. [Charlet' ton and Nashville.] * As applied to solid walb. [Minneapolis and Providenc$.] t Or veneered. [Min$uapolis.l INDEX By CLINTON L. BOGERT AuocUte Member of American Society of Civil Engineers Numbers refer to Pages. Consult also the Glossary, pages 1796-1850. bacnt (Glossary), 1796 blirevifttioiis of ttnns, laa, xsj btttments, arch, 305 pier, 306 eetylenc pm, 1431 coustica, architectural, X486~X500 AvmttkKcag, ethics, 1729 .etiui radiator, xs66 «nto, X30, 150X <Br«iato, concrete, S41, 987, 908, 909, 945 cre«ffl«it, form, 1765 kCrMiBMli, I7SI Lir-comproMor, water«i|>ply, 1396 kir, conditioning, 135a density, 1J47, I339 flow, reustance, 1331 hot-water systems, removal, 1307 properties, x 254-1256 quantity, symbol, X347 specific heat, xaso, 1355 ventilation, requirements, xs6o, X354t X3S6 vitiated, effects, X35S kir-dttcta, X333-X34X Ur-lift, 1396 Ur-lock,. pneumatic caisson, six lir-pretaure, pneumatic caisson, sxx yabaster, X3X, xsox lUca lime, 1553 lUcotaol, specific gravity and weight, X50X Umonry (Glossary), 1797 (Uteratioaa, defined, 185 x lUuminnm, specific gravity and weight, X50X Axnericaa Blower Co., heater, X329- X33a iUntclcaa XasUtuto of Architects, canons of ethics, X730 chapters, 17 88 competitions, X733 documents, 1767 professional practice, X7a7 schedule of charges, X738, 1731 stsndard documents, 1748 American Steel ft Wire Co'a gavffe. 401, 40a Amperes, defined, X457 Anchor, box, 753. 79o. 79 «• 793 reinforced'concrete, 9x9 steel beams, 6x9 trusses, X150, xi5a, xx68 wooden beams, 6x6. 76a, 783-800 Anchox^bolta, adhesion, 340 placing, XX 94 steel beams, 6x9 steel stacks, X377 Ancient meaeurea and weighta, 34 Aneroid, barometer, xa49 Angle in geemetry, 36 bisected, 69 critical, domes, xaxs friction, retaining walls, 353 measure, two-foot rules, 68 repose, matenals, 353, 354, 356 Angle of atmctural ateel, 361-367 beams, safe loads, 566, 586-590 connections, beams, 6x6 double, properties, 370-373 moment of inertia, 339, 363-367 obliqne loading, 593 price, 1 304, X3XX properties of, steel, 363-367 shelf, 787-790 struts, 48S, 50T-503 tension-members, loads, 385, 399 deduction, 399, 400, 703 Angle-encfaor, 6x9 Angle-«nd*]date oolonma, 475, 476 Angla-bar (Glossary), X797 Angle-bracket, 433 Angular measure, 30, 68 Anhydrite, X3x Axmealing, rivets, 383, 4x4 Antlixmcite coal, combustibles, X37x for hot-air heating, X317 Apartment-housee, fioor-joists, 737 live loads, X49, XX98 I beams in floor, sise, 864 steel, weight, X307 Apntita, X3X 1857 1858 Index Apostlet and Saints* symbols, 1737 ApoUiecaries* weight* 29 Apple-tree, wood, hardness, 1558 Apron, retaining-walls. 263 Aragonite, 131 Arbitration, contract, 1763 Arbitration-bar, cast-iron test, 380 Arc, arcs, circuUr, 38, 69, 70 lengths, 54 Arc-lampa, 1462 Arch, arches, masonry, 305-3 sx (Glos- sary), 1799 angle of friction, 31 x briclc, 306 center of pressure, 3XX,.3X3 centers, 308 concrete, reinforced, sax out-stone, 3x0 depth of keystone, 308-3x0 elliptical, 306 failure of, 3xx-'3X3 Ooor, 827-844 forms of, 306 groined, 1235*1240 inverted, in footings, 237, 3a8 keystone, 305. 308-3x0 line of fracture, 3x6 line of pressure, 31 1-3^1 line of resistance, 3x1-321 load, actual, masonry, 3x8 loaded, 3x7 middle third, principle of, 3XX-3X5, X2a5, X227, X240 New York City requirements, 307 plate-girder arches, 1x31 pointed, failure of, 3x2 rings, 308, 317 rise, 307 segmental, 305, 306, 307i 3ax semicircular, 306 semielliptical, 321 solid ribs, X132 stability, determiiuition, 3xx-3ax strength, 306 surcharged, 3x7 three-centered, 306 thrust, 305, 307, 3i>~3ax tie-rods, for I biukms, 6x9, 865 roof -trusses, xx20 segmental arches, 307 trussed, XX2X unloaded, 3xx voussoirs, 305, 3xx Arched trusses, X035-X043 stresses, xxx8-xi20 wooden, 1020-1024 Architects, canons of ethics, X730 certificates, X77x charges, schedule, 1728, X73X competitions, T733-X747 drawings, X7x8, X728, X73i» X754 Architects, estimates, X7s8 examinations, 177a inspection of wock, X7S5 organisations, Z7S8-X795 professional practice, X7>7 registration laws. X76A-X779 status and decisions, I754 superintendence, X728 AicfaHectiml aoonsticni X4'86-x5<oo Architectnral engiaeeriac. tetss. izt- X28 Architectiual feUewataipS, X779-ir^^ medals, X779-X7&8 Arehitectainl ■oriiiti—» irM-'TfS Architectural tanas (doaaniy). i7¥^ X850 building laws, x 851-1 85 s Architecture, schools of. X779 Areaa. circles, tables, 4*^S4 elementary, 332 geometrical figures, jA-S^. Sf-^'-- 334-338, 348-35* net sectional, ai tenaioD-sBeBhcn 386 ArithxnetiCt practical, 3-S4 Annoriea, steel, weight, isoS ArtiflciBl cwinwtn, S36-a#o Aabeatie plaster, 818, 819 Aabeatoa, building4tuikbcr, 8x9 corrugated sheathing, 819 metal, 8x9 products, 8x9 roofing-shingles, 8x9 sheathing,: 8i9> iSm. x$67 specific gxaTlty and weight, xsotx Aah (wood) deflection in hfaw^, 664 hardness, X558 specific gravity, 1501 ultimate unit stresses, 651 weight, 65X. xsoi, xss8 Adiea, angle of repose. 156 specific gravity, rsox weight, 65 X, X501, X558 Ashlar (Glossary), Z799 masonry, 233, 269, 44i, 1538, iss? Asphalt, x6o8 floors, x6o8, X609 mastic, x6o8 pavements, x6o8 rock, x6o8 roofing, x6o8 specific gravity and weight, 1501 Aaphalt-gravel rooflng, 871. x59^ Asphaltnm, x6o8, X799 specific gravity and weight, rsox Aaaembly-halls, joists, 739. 744 live-loads, 7x9. 720. XX98 Asylums, non-fire-proof, height, Sij ventilating and heating. 1355 Asymptote (Glossary), 1799 Index 1859 Ctontt bniMioi Md«» load* on founda- tion-beds, 143 office- building load*, 151 aditorinflUi heating and Yentflating requirements, 1354 lighting. 145X live loads, 719* 7^0, 2x98 licit** 131 atomobile factory* design and cost, 803 otonaobilot, dimensions, 1641 Toirdttpois woight, 98 ziAl foreo, definition, 375 xiSv conjugate, 38 neutral, 295, 332-338, 555. 8ax transverse, 38 ack, arch, 305 Aitiinore, fire, reinforced concrete in, 957 building code, steel columns, 481 4uid of coltunn (Glossary), zSot 4tfOflMter, 1349 pressure, measurement, 1249, 1253 iAnis* cost, x6i3 larreC dimensions, 1644 >axTel Taolt, xa3t-xa3S larrott spociAcatlons, roofing, Z595 lars (steel), 385-398 areas, x 5x4-1511 base price, 1205 circumferences, z5X4'-X5az lacing, 385 reinforcing, 9t5-9« safe loads, 388-39> standard, classification and cost, lazx weights, 15x4-1521 lartixan (Glossary), x8oz laaalt, X3X specific gravity and weight, 1501 laao, columns (Glossary), i8ox cast-iron column, 457, 459 material, 1195 miU-construction, 782-788 pipe columns, 470, 471, 47> pressures. 265, 44X, X200 steel columns, 473-477 Saso-platos, 440-445. 1S24 lasemeiit, defined, X85X walls, 228, 229 )aaia*slabs, marble, 1641 lath, foot. X64X plunge. X422 seat. 164X lath-tubs, dimensions, 1640 symbols for, X426 Batter, 1801 cellar walls, 229 retaining- walls, 259 Battlemetit (Glossary), 1802 Bay window (Glossary), x8o2 Beam, beams (see also GIrdtrt) Beam, bearing on wall, 634* 887 bearing-plate areas, 440-444 bending moment, 3>4-33Xi 555* 939 continuous beams, 673 influence-lines, XX34 reinforced-concrete, 935 Bethlehem, 357, 358, 592-60S buckling, 183, 565, 567. 633t 634 stiflneM, 665, 666 reinforced-concrete, 9 34-941 , 971-975 resisting moment, 333, 555, 635, 683, 939 shear, 183, 4", 4X3. S6s» 567-57© simple, 323-«o. 555 •P»n, 555 span-limit, 566 steel, anchors for, 6x9 base price, 1304 bending moments, table of roMgd' mum, 574-576 Bethlehem, 357, 358, 592-603 buckling, 183, 565, 567, 569, 612, 637 Carnegie, 353-356, 574, 59^, 605, 606 channels (see Channels) connections (see Framing, steel beams) crippling (same as buckling) deflection, vertical (see above) dimensions, 352, 565 economy and strength, 565 end-reactions, 569, 574-576 fiber-stress, 556, 557* 569 fireproofing, 780-783, 827-842, 844. 849. 854-860 flange-thickness, 593 forms of, 565 framing and connecting (see Framing) H beams, 474. 585. 1304 H beams, properties, 356 heavy, 565 I beams (see I beans) lateral deflection, 566, 670 light, 565 loads, safe, 565, 577-591. 594-6o3 separators, 612-6x4, X203 shearing-stresses, i8x-x85, 567, 568, 569, 574, 575 standard, 353 strength affected by dimensions, 556, 565 strut, 57X, 573 T beams, 337. 36S, 369, 591. '^x'. X2I2 tie, 573 tie-rods, 6x9, 865 unit stresses, Z200 web-buckling, x8x-i85, 565, 567, 569, 612 web-thickness, 593 Btiflness, 565, 63s, 663-670 stone, 637 coeflicicnts of strength, 556, 638 stresses, 555-557. 567, 569. 603, 604. 628, 635 itnit, ited sf X. St* wooden. 633 supplementaiy, s^** S^x T beam, 3i7, 36«. 3*9. S»«. "J- X3I3 tension in, 555 tie-beams, steel, 57a wooden, 430-433, 434, 435. 633 wall-support, 61 a wooden, 62 7 -668, 7 17-7 57, j&a,:*— 795 anchors, 616, 76s, 783-800 bolted. 429, 653, 655 buckling, 627 built-up, 653. 656 cantilever. 629 cedar, 628, 640, 664 chestnut, deflectioa, 664 distributed loads, 6^x coefficients, 628 compound, 653-654* 763 connections. 749-757. 7 89. 79 J -*- also Framingt floors, wuk^u conversion factors, 637. €68 cross-sections, 6*7, 637 cut from log. strongest, 634 cylindrical. 634, 667 cypress, distributed loads, 641 deflection, 636, 653. 654, 664. 'i- Douglas fir, distributed loaci*. v. 643, 664 dressed, 667 Eastern fir. loads, 639 end-bearing. 634 fUtch-plate, 655 framing. 749-757 framing to steel i«**w^ 75^., -.. hangers (see Hanc^ers) hemlock, loads, 638. 638, 6€j. keyed, 653-655 loads, safe, 638-646, 667 mill-construction, 758-769 nominal dimcnstona, 636. ^i- 736, X559 Norway pine, loads, 641. 664 redwood, loads, 640 shear, horizontal, 4x2, 635 sixes, nominal and actual, t *> 667. 736, 1559 spans, maximum, 737-746 spruce, loads, 628, 639, 664 stiffness, 664 strongest cut from lof, 654 strut, 633 tension, 635 tie. 430-43*, 434, 43$. 6$j truMed, 656-663 unit stresses, 557, 637. 635. 647-*^ J white oak, loads, 643. 664 white pine, loads, 659, 664 yellow pine, 638 Index 1861 BAm, wooden, yellow pine, deflection, 664 loads, 64a, 645, 666 wrought iron, 6a8 deflection, 664 eam-box. 753, 762. 790, 79>, 793 enm girdefs (see I banmi) oam-hnncen (see Hnngen) Mtfinf-binckttn, cast-iron columns, 445-447 Mrinc-liUtot, 440-44S. X5»4 pressures, 441, zsoo earing Talues (see materials in ques- tion) ad, masonry (Glossary), 1802 edstMids, dimensions, 1638, 1640 eechwood, hnrdnats, 1558. •U-eot or gable (Glossary)/ 1803 ells, X7as •It, for shafting, 1721 miO-constniction, 764, 765 •ndiag moBsaat^ beams, 324-331, 555. 939 bolts in wooden constntction, 429. 43 X channels, table, 576 columns, 485 continuous girders, 673 diagrams for beams and girders, 328, 330, 564, 678, 690, 695. 698 footings, 174. 17 5, X 78 I beams, table of maximum, 574, 575 influence lines, 1x34 moving loads, 1134-1x35 pins, 423-429 reinforced concrete, 934. 935 slabs, concrete, 932, 936, 984-991, 994 T beams, concrete, 99a •rger'a itnddlag, 881 metal lumber, 852, 858, 88x (•Momer tteol, 380 lethlehem beams, 357* 3S8f 592, 594- 604 '«thlehem colttmiiB, 475. 479> 482-488, loads, 4831 506-5x5 terels, 90 lillard-tablet, dimensions, 1638 tirchwood, hardness, 1558 litomen, 1608, 1609 lituminoos coal, combustibles, 1271 ilackboards, dimensions, 1644, 1645 ilack-line printsy 17x9 llock-tin, pipe, 14x9 (locks, hollow building, filling, 287 concrete (see Concrete, blocks) llower tyitom, beating, 1324 Uue-prints, 17x8 llaestone, beams, coefficient for, 62S flagging. 282, X539 Board-metmM, table, 1560-1561 Boiler, X273-X283 connection^, X279 covering, X36X horsepower, X274 incrustation, X429 location, X357 in mills, 76s in warehouses, 780 rating, X30X residence, specification, 1361 shops, steel, weight, x2o8 symbols, X35X water, for ranges, X642 BoIler-plAnts, mill-construction, 765 Bolston, mill-construction, 454, 795 Bolt, bolts, anchoring, 240 bearing strength, 429, 439, XX38 bending, XX38 bending moment, 429, 431 beveled washers, X202 built-up beams, 652, 654 expansion, XS34 fiber-stress, XX38 foot of rafter, 437 girders, 43a, 433 heads, xsa5-x528 safe bearing in timber, 430 screw-ends, upset, 387 shearing value, 4x2, 4S9~439> XZ3S shock loads, X202 steel, table, 431 stresses, 6x8, XZ38, xsoo strap-joints in trusses, 436 •wedge, 6x9 tension, 43 x, 1x38 truss-joints (see IUKif<^%tMMa) weight, X537 wrought iron, table, 43X, 1x38 Bolt-heada, X525-X528, standard dimensions, X5a5-X5a6 weight, X526-X528 Bonanza reiaforcod-coment tilM, 868 Bond, brickwork, 268, 306 masonry (Glossary), X803 timber (Glossary), 1803 Bond-stottes in plora, 269 Bonds, form, X763 guaranty, X757 Book-atacks, library, X696. Book-tile, roofing, 868 Borings, for foundations, Z44 Boas (Glossary), 1804 Boston building eode, cohimn-formula, 460, 481, 493-496 loads on foundation-beds, 143 loads on masonry, 267 office-buildings, assumed loads, 151 rivets, bearing and shear, 4x9 steel column formula. 48X, 493-496 thickness of walls, 330. 851, 33a 1862 Boitoa* Chamber of CoaaMroc Build- ing, 192 BoBtwick Uitli, 884 Boolden, 134, 156, 141 safe loads on, fouDdations, 141 Bowline-Alleys, dimensions, 1643 Bowatrinc truBB, 1035 stresses, 1094, 1096 Box andion, beam-sapports, 753, 762, 79o» 79a» 793 Box colmana, 467 » 479i 4&4 moment of inertia, 343 plate-and-angle, 479 Box cirdera, 68x>7x6 bending moment, 683, 695, 697* ^» 699 buckling, 6S6, 705 construction, details of, 6Ba cover-i^tes, 696 end-reactions, maximum, 703, 706- 7x6 examples, 694-703 flange-area, 683, 69a, 696, 699, framing and connections, 6x5 moment of inertia, section, 341, 34a rivet-holes, loss of area, 703 shear, 684-687, 690, 69X, 696, 698 specification, zaox, zaoa, iao3 steel-Lsam, 607-6x1 stiff eners, 68 x, 686, 691, 696, xaox, X203 web-plate, buckling value, 686, 705 shearing value, 684, 703 weight, 687, 70X Box-hAngen (see Boam-boxoa) Bracing, steel structures, xaoa wind, buUdings, ZX7X-XX93 Btacketa, cast-iron columns, 445-447 terra-cotta, 378 Brada, X5a9 Brass* castings, shrinkage, zsax specific gravity, 1502, X5X0, 15x1 weight, 1302, xsxo, i$xx Breaat-walls, a6a-a63 Breeching, dimensions, 1366 Breuchaud motibod, underpinning, aaz Brick, bricks, angle of friction, 253 arches, laying, 306-307 burning, 1540 clay, 275, 1S40 coefficient of friction, 153 color, XS40, 1543, 1544» IS47 cost, X544 crushing'hcight, 269 crushing strength, 270, a7x dry-pressed, X540 enameled, X543 fiber-stresses, 557 fire, 1540 fire-resistance, 8x4 flexure, 178 Bikk, footings, s^ aay glased, X543 Ume-mortar, 1S4Z machine-made, 1540 manufactore, Z54S molded, 1540 paving. XS40 piers, 168-276^ S7S piling, space required* zs4I repressed, 1540 retaining-walls, 359, s6o sand-Kme, 154X pcoperties of, 1543 sixe. XS40, XS43 soft-mud, X540 specific gravity, 1502 strength, ultimate, a 70 stiff -miid, X340 tests, 270, ?7S, aSx, Z54a vaults, X238 weight, xsoa, x$4Z Brickworic* XS40-ZS48 Csec, also, M» soBzy, Walla, cu.) arches, 306 bond, effect on sUneagtk. 26S cement mortar seqoard, ajf compared with concrete, 968 cost, X 544-1 547 miU-buildings, 808-^x0 crushing strength, s 7^^x76 data, z 540-1548 cffloMscence, XS47 estimating quantities axmI cost, i54> X546 fire-resistance, 8x4 floor-arches, 827-828 footings, 226, 227 lintels s«m)ortiag, 6x3 loads, safe, 265-268. 287* 44X moisture, Z547 mortar, 239, 276, 8xS mortar<«^on lor, S547 piers, 267-276, 278 bond-stones, a69 crushing strength, 27x^376 safe loads, 967-966 tests, 272-278 pressures, 265. X25S, Z684 BraBsa, door-frames, 895 specific gravity and weight, xsca Index 186S BrooM* window^fiaina, 8gs Brown & Sharpe wir»-gAiice» 401, 403, 1469. I473r IS09. 1 5 10 Brown-UiiA priatfl» xyao Brtfwmtonc, cnuhing strength, 379, sSz BfirkHm, pUte girden, 686, 70s steel beams, 565, 5(7-569* 61 3, 637 web, box girders, 705 pUte girders, 705 wooden beams, 637 Buffalo boildaac code, loads on founda- tion, X43 masonry loads, 367, 387 ofltoe^bvildings, assumed loads, 151 Buildingi alterations, 1851 steel, drafting, 1307 cost, 16x1-1634 of slow'buming, 758, 803, x6x9 per cvbic foot, i6xi'x634 per square foot, X687-X634 reinforced-conczete, z6x8 cubage, x6x» depreciation, 1634 drainage, 1407-14x4, 14X9-X43Z factory, 968 fire-proof, cost, 80a, 8x3, 16x9-1635 fureproofing, 8x1-905 government, cost, 1638- x 634 heating, x 347-1363 temperatures, 1356 iron and steel, X637 legal definition, 1853 loads, XX96 iDxll-consinictiott, z6x8 non4ire-proof, 8x3, 8xj office, specifications, xx94-*xax< papers, X564 protection from outside kaaard, 90X- 903 reinforced-concrete, 968'-997 shrinkage in, X437-X438 signing by architects, 17 39 steel, cost, x3o6 weight, X307 structural-steel specifications, X194- X3X3 veneered, 369, 1855 ventilating. 1348- 13 54, i3S6 wind bracing, 1X7X-Z19S, xsoa wooden, defined, 1855 BtiUding laws, bearing on masonry, 44X bcaring'waUs, 369 brickwork, 367 column*prot«ctioin, 8sa-896 concrete columns, length of, 941 concrete fire-protection, 953*^60 floor-slabs, 937 electric work, x 480*1481 elevator-installation, 1663 fire-proof construction, 8iX'-905, 16x8^x630 Building laws, fire-proof ^aint, 831 fire-proof wood, 820 floor fire tests, 837 flooring, fire-proof, 893-893 floor-loads, 7t9> 73o, Z198 footings, assumed loads on, 151 formulas, steel columns, 481 foundation-beds, loads on, 141 hooped columns, 943 loads, on brickwork, 369 on floors, 7x9, 730 on foundation-beds. X43 on masonry, 367, 387 non-fire-proof buildings, areas, 8za heights, 8x3, 8x3 reinforced-concrete columns, 940, 941 sand in concrete, 908 terms defined, tSsx-iSss unit stresses for woods, 647 walls, thickness. 330, 331, 333 wind-bracing, xz7X-zx73 Bnilding materlalB, Z634-X637 depreciation, 1634 estimating, 1635 quantity system, X635-X637 wear and tear, X634 Bafidinc papers* 1564-X568 Bureaua, dimensions, 1638, 1640 Buttemnt wood, hardness, 15 58 unit stresses, 65 x Buttressaa, X804 center of gravity, 300, 303 stability, 397-304 Cablea, carrying capacity, 1473 measure, 35 Caisaons, 3x0-3x4 Cakareoua mfaianls, 130, X3X Calcite, 131 specific gimvity and weight, xsoa Calendar, old and new, 30 California, registration law, 1778 Cambered tniaa (see Roof-tnxaS| cambered) Calocimetzy, X350 Candle-power, X439> X440. X463 Canopy (Glossar^, X805 CantUever, beams, '55s. X043 momenU. 335. 336, 558, 559 wooden, 639 buildings as cantilevers, 1x73 compound footings, X78 flat slabs, concrete, 950 foundations. 165- X69. 978 trust, X043-X045, ZXOS-XX07 Canvaa roofs, 80 x Cap, cast-iron columns, 459 mill-construction, 763 steel-pipe columns, 470, 471 stone (see Coping) wooden eolumns, 454 1864 Index Ct^-pUtM, 795 Capital (Glossary), x8o6 C«r-bans, steel, weight, XS09 Carbon, in steel, 381 Carnegie iluipes (see Beama, etc.) Carpenter'a role, heat4oss, xa6x Carpentof'a work* data on lumber and work, 1558^x564 cost of labor, 1564 Carriagea, dimensions, 1641 Care, railroad, capacities, 1643 dimensions, 1642 Caae-woA, dimensions, 1640 Caat iron, 379 appearance, 379 castings, 379* 380 shrinkage, xsaz columns (s^ ColmBaa) crushing^oads, 449 defects, 379 fiber-stresses, 5 $7 fire-resistance, 8x9-890 lintels, 620-628 manufacture, 379 modulus of elasticity, 664 plates, weight, x$94 shearing-stresses, 1505 specific gravity, X50S specifications, 379 strength, 376, 379i 4" tension, 376 weight, 150S, X52X, 1524 estimating, 1505, X5sx weight of castings, X53X Caati]if% shrinkage, istt specifications, fur cast iron, 379^ 1x96 steel, stresses, 1x38, xsoo structural, painting, 1403 weights, X521 Cathediala, seating capacity, x6s4 Cedar, beams, deflection, 664 fiber-stress, flexure, 557 safe loads, 640 columns, safe loads, 450, 45s crushing strength, 449, 454 hardness, 1558 specific gravity, xsy unit stresses, 557,' 047 • 650 weight, 650, xsoa CeUing (Glossary), 1807 corrugated metal, 1604 loads, X197 matched, XS63 suspended, 87X-872 CeHing-joiata, wooden, framing to roof* trusses, X004 maximum spans, 736, 73 7i 743 Cellar, defined, 185 J walls, 139. 238. 239 CeUar-dfaJner, X42Z Celaina dtenaoxBeter, 1250 Cament, 235-240, 907, 90S artificial, 236 chemical composition, ts7* 906 constancy of voluna, 907 corrosion of steel. 960 cost, 338, 348, 9x0 fineness, 237. 907 grappier, 236 La Farge, 236, 238 manufacture, 336 mixing, 338 mortars, f reeling. 339 proportions, 235, 247 specific gravity and ■weight, 1506 water required, 338 natural, 235, 284 (1 n«»t, 237, 907 painting of. X573 Portland (see Puxxolan, 236, 237 quantities in concrete, 347, 348, 34? reinforced-concrete, 907 setting. 237, 907 slag. 236. 237, 238 specific gravity, 237, 9o7, isoa specifications, 236, 907 stainless, 238 strength. 235, 237. ^40, s8j. S84.90; tests, 237, 240, 907 water required, 338 waterproofing, 17 xx. 1717 weight, 33s. 723. iS" Cement blocks, 369 Cement-ffon, column-protection, 8s6 Cement-flaats, steel, wcfgkt, 1SC9 Center, striking for axch« 308 Center of gravity, X37, 39S-296 circle, sector and segmeot of, s9j compound figures, 294. 295 found by moments, 394 irregular figures, 393, 395 lines, 293 particles, heavy. 293, 394 quadrant of circle, 393 quadrilaterals, 293 regular figures, 39 s surface, 292 table of, 293 triangles. 498 compression, steel members, 495 concrete flat slabs, 997 xnaseary-foads, 367, 387,441 awthod of CKavatiBga 309 ChicafO bvfldiBff eodef eflice-bnildiags assumed loads, X5x piers, strength, 368 skeleton construction, 334 thickness of walls, 330, 33 x, 33 a ChlffoaierB, dimensions, X638, X640 Chimneyi> X38i, X364-X380 for boilers, X28x, xa82, X383, 1367 for fire places, X383 for kitchen ranges, 1383 formula, X366, 1368 for tall buildings, X383, X368 gas-velocity, X364 height, draft-relation, X28x, X364 radial-britk, x 368-13 73, X377 reinforced-concrete, X373-X375 steel, X376 wind load, XX99, X368 Ull, list of, X379 Chlorite, 131 Choids, of arcs, 38 of truss, definitions, 998 table, 81-89 Charches (Glossary), x8o8 air-changes, X260, X353 cost, x6x3 floor4oads, 7x9, 720, XX98 seating-space, x653( 1654 Cfaicinasti ImJIdhac code, office-build- ings, assumed loads, xsx loads on foundation-beds, 143 Cinder, cinders, angle of repose, 256 Concrete, 343, 350, 909, 930 corrosive action, 8x8, 960 reinforced work, 343 weight, 350 weight of loose, 356 Circles and parts, 37, 38, 41 areas, tables, 43-54 arcs, mensuration, 54-59 chords, tables, 8X-89 circumferences, 43-54 geometrical problems, 66-74 moment of inertia, 337 radius of gyration, 337 section-modulus, 337 Circuit-breakers, X46X Circular measurei 30 Circolar mil, 1469, Z473 Cirenlar xIbc 6z CircttxnfereBce, 37 circles, 43-54 Cisterns, capacity of, 1404-1405 Chipboards, X563 Classtcal moMhtgi, 1697 Classical ordexs, X698-X704 Claj* angle of repose, 356 bricks, 375 foundation-beds, X35, Z38» 139 moisture in, 138 safe kiads, Z41, 143 1866 Indei day, spedfie gnvfty, 1503 weight, loose, 256, 1503 Clanstofy or Cl6antocy,(GloiMry),zSo9 Cledc of ttk% works, 1738, 1733 CleTflflAttd building code, loads on fouadation-beds, 143 office-buildings, assumed loads, 151 CterlMtv standard, 387, 398 Climax, cellar-drainer, 1421 floor system, 855 Clinched lath. 886 Clinton stiffened latli, 887 Clips, for steel beams, 6x6 Clocks, tower, 1695 Closet, water, 14IX, X438, 1641 Closet-ranges, dimensions, 1641 Coach-screws, 1535 Coal, calorific value, xs7Z classification, 1271 composition, 1271 specific gravity and weight, 1503 Coal-bonkers, steel weight, z 209 loads, 1x98 Coal-fl^ds, 137Z Coal-gas, 12 73, 143Z Codes, building terms, x8sx-i8s5 Coefficient of elasticity (see Modulus) Coefficients, beams, 556, 6a8 deflection, steel beams, 668 expansion, steel, 383 flow of water, 1383 friction, 253 sound absorption, x 488-1 493 Coins, weights, 39 Coke, combustion, 1273 specific gravity and weight, 1503 Cold-air ducts, furnaces, X319 Cold-bending tests, iron and steel, 378, 3&4. 385, 9x4 Cold-storage, temperature, 1693 Collar-beam, 18x0 Colleges, architectural, 1779 Color, light>sources, X438 mortar, 1547 Colorado, registration law, X778 Column, columns. bases (see Bases, columns) base-plates, 440-445, 1524 bearing-brackets, 445-447 bearing-plates, 440-445, 1524 bending moments, 485 Bethlehem, 475. 479f 482-488 loads, tables, 483, 506-5 '5 box, 342, 467, 479, 484 caps (see Column-caps) cast-iron. 455, 466 advantages and disadvantages, 455 bearing-brackets, 445-447 breaking-loads, 462 connections, 445. 447. 437. 458. 945-946 CoteflUit CBSt-iraD, c]f9indEicaI« 4^ t' - 459. 461, X5a3 design, 45^4S9 failure by fire, 780 fireproofiag for, 781, 8as-Sa6 H-shape, 456, 458 inspection, 456 reinforced-conczete, coaaedBoas, 945 safe loads, 46x^466 square, hollow, 456, 458, 46Z. Z522 strength, 459-466, 480-48J weight, Z532. Z523 channel (see Chaniwl, coimnuis) dassificatioa, 448 concrete, not reinforced, 3S4 cross-sections, moments of iaeriBL. 342. 343 radii of gyration, 344, 345 definitions, 448, 4^7. 47 7< i8ro eccentric loading, pipe oolaa&as. 4T* eccentric loading, sted colnasns, 4^^- 488 eccentric loading, wooden coIukcl* 453. 454 fireproofing for, 468, 780-781, 82^- 826, 959. 960 footings (see CotamB-fDOtSags) general principles, 448 H columns, 456, 458, 459 economy. 458. 474, 483 safe loads, cast-iron, 46c safe loads, sted, 506-5x5 I-beam columns, 474, 488, $04. 505 Lally, 467, 474, 477 loads, 488, 5x6 lattice. 477-479 lengths, schedule for, 491 loads, live, propoxtfon, Z48-Z5a, 489. 490, Z196, ZZ98 tables, 488-490, 493-554 mlU-constroction, 78s-7tt, 969, 9?^ 978, 980, 98Z xost, 8x0 pipe, 469-474. 488 loads, 488, 497. 498 plate-and-angle (see Celoana. steel' rei^forced-concrete, 941 -946^ 96s 980 calculations for, 976, 977 fire-proofed, 958-959 metal-core, 944*943 safe loads, tables, 48a. 4901, 405* 554 slenderness-ratm, 44B steel, 467-554 bases for, 473-477 beam columns, safe leads, 904-90$ box, 34». 345. 467, 479 channel (see Chsniiel, cotamaa) choice of type, 467->4i68 Indek 1867 471, 475-478, 945-946 ooanections in wmd-bncing, 1174. X175, XX79, "B9, 1190 cost, 467, 468, zao7 design, 483-485 eccentric loading, 485-488 exampleft* 488-488 failure, 469, 8x9 fireproofing for, 468, 780, 78a, 819, 823-826 formulas, 480-48S, 485, 493-496 diagram, 496 Gordon's formula, 481, 4841 485* 486, 487, 493-485, 496 Rankine's formula, 481, 484, 493, 496 straight-line, 481, 48a, 493, 496, XX39 H-column, table of loads, 483, 504-5x5 lattice, 477-479 loads, 1x96, 1x98, xaoz londs, fMToportlon, 148-153, 489- 490, 1x96, 1198 loads, tables, 488-490, 493-554 platsHind-angle, 467. 488, 5x7-53* (see PUtte-and-aiigle oolnmn) reinforced concrete, 946 section, 467, 468 splices, xaoz strength, general principles, 480- 48a stresses, 6x8, 1x38, isoo struts, angle, safe loads, 488, 501- 503 types, 467, 477 steel-pipe. 469-474 loads, 488. 497, 498 struts in trusses, 480, 499-503 wind-bncing, 1x74, x 183, 1x89, XZ90 wooden, bases for, 783-788 bolsters. 454. 795 eccentric loading, 453, 454 factor of safety. 448 formulas, 450, XX39 meUl caps, 454, 76a, 783-788, 795- 800 mill-construction, 783-788 safe loads, 448, 449* 45o tables, 45 X, 45 » strength, genersi principles, 448- 450 wrought-iron, fireproofing, 780,8x9 ColitfliA-buM (see Bases) Colomnrcaps, metal for wood, 454, 763, 783-788. 795-*oo for steel-pipe columns, 470,471, 473 Colnma-footiBfs, bearing-pistes for, 440-445 design, i78-x8a Cotaom^ootiiigib loads for dedgn, i$t, 153, x6o moments, 176-178 plan, XX9S proportioning, 133-164 raiitforced concrete, x86,'974, 978-982 Colvma-slieets, 490 Combined stresses, xa8, 480^ 57a, 11x4 Commercial weights aad meeanres, 38 Commodes, dimensions, X638, X640 Competltiotts, architectural, X733-X747 ethics, 1739 Composite Order, 1703 Composite piles, timber and concrete; 198 Compositioix, forces, a 88 Compound seetieiis, moment of inertia, ,339 radius of gyration, 344 Cemprasaioa, 137 members, steel, spedficstion, xaoz- Z303 sig*i, X065, Z068 Concrete (see, also. Reinforced con- crete), 340 adhesion to steel, 9x3, 9x9, 9ao, 938, 940 aggregates, 34X, 387, 908, 909, 945 effect of heat, 8x7 strength, a87 beam-protection, 860 beams, not reinforced, 6a8, 6^7 coefficients for, 6a8 fiber-stresses, 557 bearing surface, 385 blocks, 8x6, 956 fire test, 956, 957 machinery for, 8x6 walls, 333 bonding old and new, 965 capping of piles, x^ cinder, 343, a 50, 9^, 930 corrosion of steel, 8x8, 960, 961 fire-resistance, 8x8 weight, 350 column-protection, 780-783, 8a a- 8a6 columns, 384 compression-tests, 383 compressive strength, 383, 387, 441 tests, 384-386 working stresses,' 365-367, S87, 44X, 9XX consistency, 343, s86 corrosion of steel, 8x8, 960, 96s cost, 349-350. X7I3 modulus of elasticity, 934, 935 blocks, heated, 956 design, assumption, 934 ratio to steel, 9x3 modulus of rupture, 3Q4 molds for, 963-966 natural cement, 235, 367, 384 painting, 1573 partitiont, 876, 881 penetrative washes, 17x3 permeability, causes, 17x0 pile-capping, 191 pUes (see PUes) pipe-column filling, 469 placing, 244 plant-cost, 250 Portland-cement, 340-351 pouring, 964 preparing, 342 properties, 240 proportions, 240, 343. 247-a49. 907. 910.945. X7ia protective coatings, 17x3 ramming, 964 reinforced (see Rdnfocoed ooocwte) xetempering, 344 rubble, 244 saline waters, 17x3 sand in, 341, 347, 908 grading, 34x shearing strength. 384 shrinkage, 345 sUg, fire-resistance, 8x7 spedfic gravity, X5Q5 C«Bcrtlt, stone (see gaU) strength (see tensile, 384 surface-finish, 346, 965, XSSS temperature-chances, 245 tensile strength, 384 test for hardeninc* 345 teste, 283-287. 817 tile, strength of, Siy tiles. 8x6 tools, 963-964 cost, 250 transporting, 964 trap-rock, 250. 8x7 tremie, use of, 344 under-water. 344 uses, 240, 906 walls, 228-239, 946-947» 9*5. 9« cost, 350 water used in, 343. 909 waterproofing, 346, J 709-17x7 weight, 350, X503 Coodnctain, electiicity, 1458 lightning, X704-X707 water, roofs, 1658 Condaits, electiic-wiring, X479 Cone»38 center of gravity, S95 frustum. 38, fix, 6^ surface. 6x Tolume, 63 Conic sections, 38 Conif exooa woodi^ ultioiatc wit alTr<«r« 649 (see under Celeans, etc.) Consoles (Glossary). x8xx terra-cotta, 378 Constmction, insurance during, i-^^ Contfatnoiis beaaui sad gitdsia, 55:. 67X-680, 979» 93o Contract drawings. 17 53 Contracts, arbitration, x 763 architect and owner. X740, x;46 contractor and owner, X75X forms, X750. X752 owner and competitor. X740, 1:46 subcontractor and contractor, x:^s uniform, X749 Contractor vs. Aichitect, relation. 17.-9 Contrsictor's Insanaos, 2756 Conrecaion taUos, metxic, 3J-35 Copinc (Glossaxy), x8xx stone, X539 Copper, roofs, x6o4 sheets, X049, xsxo-x5xx spedfic gravity and wcicht, ijci, \ 15x0 wire. 40X. X469. X474. SSIJ Cttxitnt capacity, X470 Index 1869 orb«l (Gtoutry), 1811 ords, sash (see 8«ab-eovda) or»-borings, foundation-bed testing, 4»r«s, steel, in concrete columns, 441 reduction for, in castings, 1521 lorintfiUui Order, 170a, 1703 iocnf-b—iiia, dimmisions, 164Z tomer-elabt, dimensions, 1641 U>niic6t (Glossary), i8zi mills, 764, 769 916. 933 8S3 UsRoaiofiv cinder concrete on steel, 818, 960, 961 ycmwatmd befa»9i6 ^Ofxucated iron and steel rooAac, 1046, 1049 » X 599-1804 ZomgiLtmd sheeta, x 599- 1804 anti-condens: tion lining, 1603 ceilings, 1604 covering capacity, 1603 floors and roofs, 851 l^alvanizing, x6oo, 1604 gauges, 402, 15x0, x6oo laying, x6oz •idea, building, 1603 weight, z8oo, X603 tables of naturaU 1x7 tables of natural, 95 Cost, costs, brickwork, X544''X547 mill-buildings, 808-8x0 buildings, cubic foot, x6xx-x634 building-papers, 1568 carpenters' work, 1564 cement, 238, 248, 9x0 columns, miU-constmction, 810 concrete, 249-250, 9x0, x6x3, x6i8 cubic foot, buildings, x6xz'x634 cut stonework, 1539 drafting, structural steel, x2o6 driving wooden piies, X95 dwellings, 16x3 elevators, 1659, 1670 enameled bricks, 1544 erecting structural steel, 1206 estimating, buildings, x6xx-x635 excavating, X5j6 exposition-buildings, x6a7 Federal buildings, x6x3, X626-X633 felts, X565, X568 fire-proof partitions, 889 flagstones, ZS39 floors in mills, 8x0 glass, 1574-X577 polished plate, 1576 sheet, X575 skylight, Z580 window, Z577 incandescent Ugbttng, 1489 labor, X564 Coft, lathing and plastering, 1557 library-stacks, 1697 mill-construction, reinforced-concfcte, 777, x6x3, z6x8 slow-burning, 758, 777, 809-8x0 mineral wool, z6xo office-buildings, 16x3 partitions, sound-deadening, 889 piles, driving, 195 pitch-slag, roofs, X598 plumbing-fixtures, 8x0 public building, 16x3, Z628-Z634 xcfrigeiation, 1695 reinforced concrete, 250, 9x0, 16x3, x6x8 roofs, mill-buOdlngs, 777, 8x0 xoo&ng, asphalt-gravel, X599 gravel, Z598 slag, X598 slate, X046, Z585 tile, X046, X587, X607 tin, X046, XS89. XS95> Z594 saw-tooth roofs, 777 school-buildings, x6x3, 16x4, x6z6 slates, X046, X585 slow-bunung construction, 758, 80a- 8x0, x6x9 square foot, buildings, x6a7'x634 steel, structural, X204-X2ia stonework, X538 tiles, X046, X587, X607 tin, gutter-strips, 1594 rolls, XS94 roofing, X046, X589, X593. 454 specific gravity, X503 unit stresses, 376, 4x2* 647. 650 weight, 650, X503 Dovetailinc (Gloasaiy), x8xs Dowel (Glossaxy), 18x5 Documwwtig A] Architects, list, X767 standard, American Architects, X748 Dxaft, definition. X364 natural, air-vdodty, 1302 Dxaftinc, stractsral, cast, t2o6 Drain, drains, X407-X414 area, X408 cellar, 14 2 x house, X407>X4X4« X4X9~X4tx DraixHpipes (see Pipes) Draixuice ol buildings* X407~Z4X4. X4x.- X421 Drainer, cellar, X43X Drawtttga, architect's, X7s«^ 1714 competitive, X737t X744, 174$. x?^ contract, X753 property ci architect, X7S3 shop, X754 working, steelwork, 1x95 Drift-pixis, 4x4, 683 Drin-rooms, floor-loads, 7x9 Dxep-taammer, pile^drivfas, 190 Dfum-tnpk 14x3 Diy measore, 37 Dxy-«ot, 759 Du Loxtg*s fonnuln, html at coal, i.-: Duchemin's fonnxda, wind, 1x99 Ducts, air, design, 135^^x342 cold-air, furnaces, 13x9 Index 1871 lets* fresh-air, siset, t$aa hot-air, area, 1301 metal gauge, 1336 system, design, 1346 ireUings (see also Rasidaiieat) cellar walls, a 29 cost of constructing, 1613* z6x4 floor-joists, 737, 743 floor-loads, 149, 719. IX9S heating, 1256, xs53i i36l~X363 will-thickness, 230, 332 restuffa, weight oi, 7 S3 urthy materialf 132 weight, I S3 7 tstern flr» ssf e load, 639 safe stress, 647 cceatric loads (see Loads, eccentric) choas, acoustics, Z4S7 ducation, registration laws, 1769 ducational iastitationSy 1779 fllorascenca* briclLwork, 1547 'gyptisa long measures, 34 Isyptisn style, architecture, 1704 lastic limit, definition, 126, 3BX. 9x3 l&sticity, coefiicient or modulus of, 126, 626, 662 reinforced concrete, 9x2, 934 steel. 38X, 9x2, 934 timber. 647, 73X-734 Elbows, heating, pressure-loss, 1338 Electric work for boildingSf X4S7-X465 cabinet-wiring, X477, 1481 center of distributftlA, 147 X circuit-breakers, 1461 code-requirements, 1480-1482 conductors, 1458 conduit system, 1479 cost, of lighting-equipment, X482 of wiring, 1482 design of lighting systems, Z446-1448 drop of potential, X470 feed'wires, X478 fuse, enclosed, X46X fuse-block, 1481 insulators, 1438 interior wiring, 148a knife-switch, X477> X479 lamp-arrangement, X465, X466 lamps, number of, 1446, Z449i X475 national electrical code, 1480 power-computations, X459 specifications, 1482 switches, X478, X479 systems of lighting, X464-X469 wire-calculations, 146^1472 wire, dimensions, weights, Z474t 1475, 1477 carrying capacity, 1470, X473. X47S wirins-diagram, 1476 symbols, X476-X478. X484 Blectricity, 1457-1464 Electrolysis, reinforced<ooiicrete foot- ings, x86 Elevator, x 659-167 7 car-platform, x66x, x666, X675, X676 comparison of types, 1660, X664, X670 cost, X659, Z670 counterweights, protection of, X662 development of systems, X667-1669 economic considerations, 1671 efficiency, X659 electric, 1659, x666, 1669, X676, 1677 versus hydraulic, x66o, 1664, 1670 passenger systems, x 667 -1670 express, x66x, X673, 1675 geared, 1659, 1669 gearless, 1659, X665 hatchway, size, x66o, 1667, x675, X676 hoist way, x66o, z66s hydraulic plunger, X670 versus electric, z66o, X664, X670 installation-data, 1663, 1674, 167^ laws governing, 1663 loads, X662, 1674 local, x66x, X673, 1675 machinery-room, z66o motors, current-consumption, 1677 feeders, 1677 sizes, X676, X677 number required, z66x, X673 operating-costs, 1670 power-diagrams, X67Z push-button control, x666 safety-appliance, 1664, 1669, X672 service, formulas for, 1673 signal-systems, 1672 sizes, i66z, 1667, 1675 specificatioxis, 1663 speeds, 1662, 1674 standard designs, 1663 time-schedule, 1671 towers for, in mills, 764, 765, 768 traction, 1665, 1669, 1670 traffic-capacity, X672 types, x66o, 1668 use of, X667 Bletrator-tower, mill-construction, 764, 76s storehouse, 768 Ellipse, 38 center of gravity, 293 problems on, 74~79 Ellipsoids, 60, 65 Elm, hardneis, X558 specific gravity, 1503 ultimate unit stresses, 651 weight, 65 X, 1503 working stress, flexure. 557 Eloogstion, eye-bars. 386 steel. 381, 384.913 1872 Index BnameU painting, 1570 Bnaineled til«, 1605 -1607 Energy, work, 1248 and power, relation, xaso Ea^nMring. 90 X -902 stairways, 779 tin-covered, 90X, 1855 Fire-engines, dimensions, 1642 Fire-escapes, warebooses, 764, 7^'. 778. 779 Fire-extinguishers, 903-90$ Fire-protection, alarm system, ckctric, 903-90S doors (see Fir»-doon) fire-extinguishers, 903-905 fire-retardants, 759 hose. 768 hose-reels. 905 outside hasard, 901-903 Ikidex 1873 yire-protoction, partltloiu, 8oi pumps for fire-»tre*ms, 759, 1401 roof noszlea, 801 scuppers, 767 shutters, 759. 778, 801, 90X, 901 signaling systems, 90s sprinklers, 801, 903-905 mill-buildings, 759, 768 timber-spacing, 777 tanks, 779 stairwajrs, 764. 7«5. 778, 779 standpipes, 768, Sox, 905 steam-pumps, 1401 steelwork. 468, 760, 780-782, 819, 822-826 tanks, 779, Z402 water-supplies, 802 wire-glass, 759> 778, 821 Fire-pomps, steam, 759, 1401 Fire-reaistance of materials (see Firs- proofinc) Fire-stops, mill-construction, 759 Fire-streams, 1397 pumps for, 140X Fir»-tests (sec Tests) Fire-towers, 764. 765, 778, 779 Fire-wans, storehouses, 765 Fireplaces, flues, 1282 Rreprooflnct asbestic plaster, 8x8 asbestos, 8x9 beams and girders, 780-782, 827*842, 844, 849. 854-860 brickwork, 8x4 buildings, 8x1-905 cost of. 802, 8x2, X6X9-X625 percentages of cost, x6x9 ceilings, 87 x -87 2 columns, cast-iron, 781, 842-826 steel, 468, 780-782. 822-826 wrought-iron, 780, 8x9 concrete, column-protection, 824-826 concrete blocks, 816-8x8, 956 floors, 860-866 roofs, 866 tests, 245. 955-960 warehouse-construction, 780-782 flooring, 892-893 floors, 826-866 interior finish and fittings, 893-901 materials, 8x1-905 fire-resistance, 245, 8x4-822, 955- 960 mortars, 8x8 municipal definitions, 8xx, X853 paint, 82X-822, 894 partitions, 873-892 plaster, 8x8. 878-882, 889-891 plaster of Paris, 8x8 prism glass, 821 retnforced-concretc, 781, 811, 95S' 960 firepfeofiiif, roofs, 801,866-879. X597 stairs, 899-900. 947, 983 steel, 468, 760, 780, 822-826 •tone, 8x4 terra-cotta, 234, 814-815, 828, 874 trusses, 860 wall-coverings, 88X-893 wire-glass, 821 wood, fire-proof, 820, 894-895 Fires, cast-iron in, 8x9 steel and wrought-iron in, 8x9 concrete affected, 245, 955-^60 Flab-|tete, roof -trusses, 1x55 Flagpoles, dimensions, X644 FIsgstDxies, 282, X539 Flashings (Glossary), x8x8 Flati, steel, safe loads, 389 Flezore, X26, 3a4-J3X, 33a-S34. S5S reinforced-concrete beams, 924-941 steel beams, 564-573 wooden beams, 627-637, 647-656 FUiit, X30 specific gravity and weight, 1504 tile, X605 Flitch-plates, beams and girders, 655, 656 Floor, floors, asphalt, x6o8 Akme system, 949 beam-and-slab. 968 Berger's metal lumber and concrete, 852, 858 brick arches, 827 cantilever flat slab, 950 Oimax system, 855 Corr-plate system, 950 Excelsior, tile, 838 expanded-metal and concrete, 847 Ferroinclave, 850-851 fire-proof, brick and tile, 826-842 concrete, 842-866 fire tests, 827 flat reinforced, 845-846, 949^95' Floredome system, 953 Floretyle system, 952-955 framing, steel (see Framing) girderiess, 968, 993-997 girders, steel, specifications, X2ox, X202 Guastavino, 84X-842, 843, 1243 heat-transmission, X259 heating pipes through, 1360 Herculean, 838-839 I-beam system, concrete, 854-855 Johnson construction, 837-841 jobu (see Floor-jotets) keys, tile, 835 loads (see Loads) lock-woven fabric, 849-850 M sjrstem, 948-949 metal lumber, 858 1874 noor, Biill,78e» 76e. 766. 769* 7«>-794 (see Mill-coBstraction) New York, tile, 840 mnforced<oiicrete, 842-856, 994- 940. 948-955. 968, 971 cost, 250 design, 985-997 four-way idBfoieeaeBt, 949 girderless, 968, 993*997 mushrooia system, 950, 993-997 S. M. I. system, 930 top coat, 239 triangular-mesh fabric, 850 reinforced tile, 838-842 sectional systems, 853-854 segmental, concrete, 844-845 tile, 831, 832 separately-molded, 953 side<onstniction, 830-^33 Stegwart sjrstem. 855 skewbacks, tile, 834. 835 square-panel sjrstem, 96S steel framing, computations, 861-866 System M, 948 terra-cotta, 828-840, x 604-1607 tie-roda, 307, 832 tile, 828-840, 953, 1604- 1607 tile-and-concrete, 951-952 end-construction, 829, 833, 837 Vaugban system, 856 Waite'a concrete I-beam system, 854 warehouses, 764, 777 Watson system, 856 weight (see Loada) of wooden construction, 7x8 welded-metal fabric, 848 wire fabrics, 848-850 wooden, coet, 8x0 estimating, 1563 framing, 7ai-73x, 746-757 mill-construction, 730, 760, 766 old, strength, 749 phuik, 730-735 strength and stifinees, 717-757 warehouses, 764. 777i 893 workshop, 769 Floor-joists, woodsxit assembly-halls, manmum span, 739* 744 bridging, 748, 749. 1804 churches, 738, 743 continuous, 7x7 corridors, 739. 744 dwellings, span, 737. 74« framing-details, 749-757. 782-795 hangers, 7SO-757, 782-794 nominal and actual siaes, 637 office-buildings, 738, 743 plans. 7»7, 727. 747 school-buildings, 7x7. 737. 742 M«. 637 spans, maximum, 736-746 63s. 638-646 stirrups, 750, 751. 7S4-7S7. 7*7" Tr* stores, span, 739> 744 strength, Uhlcs, 635* 63A-646 tenements, 737, 74s theaters, maixmiuB ^MUi, 738, 74s weight, wooden, 7 18 (1 sUbs) Floor-tiliqf (seeVlootinc) Flooringv banks, 893 cement, 831, 893 composition, 893 concrete finish, 965 fire-proof, 893 hotds, 893 matched, 1563 mortar over concrete, 96s Mosaic, 1607 slate, x6o6 terrazso, 1607 tiling, 1604-1607 toilet-rooms, 893 wareliouses, 764. 777, 89s, 893 wooden, cost, 8ie estimating, 1563 miIl*constructum, 760, 766 old, strength, 749 plank. 730-735 stxength and stiffacfls, 7X7-757 953 Floretyte, 95>-953 FlocfflnaM, 1579 Vinos, 1S8X-X383, 1365 gas-velocity, 1364 vent, X356. X3S7 Fhdd BssMivs, 38 FliifllioiiMlar« Kcnney, 1420 Font (Glossary), 18x9 Fbot-bftllm* dfrnrnsinns, X64S Foot-esBdl«» 1439, 1440 Footiacs, X29, 223 (see also, tlons) areas, minimum, 151 beadiag-stiesses, 172-178 brick, 226, 227 cantilever, x 65-169, 978 columns, design, 178-188 loads for design, xsx, ist, 160 pn^HMtioning, x 55-264 moments, X76r-X78 reinfofced-coocretc, 974* 978-9&J compound, 178 concentric loads, x6o concrete, 225. 226 cost, 250 design, X79 reinforced, x86, 946, 9 78 conditioBs sAccting, x88 continuous beams, 979 Index 1875 Footiiiti, eoancft. if9» i69*i79» MS crmckt in, a 24 crushing, lailun by, 171 defined, iSsa depth of, minimiun, z88 design of, 178, 978 eccentric loads, x6a factor of safety, 17S failure 9i, 170-173 flexural strength, 178-179 SiiUage, steel, i66-i69f 181-185 homogeneous slabs, 178 inverted arches, aa7-as8 light buildings, sas loads, X48-X65, X70, »t3, 365-267, 978 offsets, 163-165, Z79, aa3-aa7 piers (see Footingat columns, and Piers, footings) projection and depth, mtio, x8o-x8x reinforced-concrete, z86, 946, 978 electrolysis 186 retaining- walls, a6x, 36a settlement, i5a-x6o shear, failure by, x 70-171 tixc and form, X69 slabs, homogeneous, X78 spreading, failure by, X7X steel beams in, X8X-185 stone, 333-334 stresses. 169-178 timber, x86-x88 unit and separate-layer compared, x8o Voot-pound, 390 Toot-pound-Mcond iyilem« 1347, X350 to B.t.u., Z35Z Povee, forces, X34 axial, 375 center of gravity, 137, 39x-*9^ composition, 388, X065 €ompression, 137, Z065, X068-1073 equilibrium, X34, 389* 999* 3IS-SJ15* 3x9 external, 135, 335, xo66 graphic statics, X065 internal, X35, 335, xo66 lever, principle of, 165, 390-394 line 0^ action, 389 magnitude, 388 moments of, X37, 389, 333 parallel, 390-39 x parallelogram of, 389 point of application, 389 polygon of, 389, 1070 reactions, beams, 32>-SS4 trusses, xo66 KSOlutioB, 388, 1065 resultant, 288 sense of, 289 signs for. 1065, X06S, I07i •hear, 138 Pon«i stress (see Stratt) tension, X37, X065, xo68, X072 torsion, xsS triangle of, 389 Forge-abop, steel, weight, X209 Foikad loop, tension-member, 387 Forms for concrete, 245, 962-965 Fonilifaroat limMtonea, X33 Foundation (lee, also, Footinga aad Foondation-beda), X29-333 adjoining excavations, X30, 147 adjoining structures, protecting, 3x4 brick, 326-237 caisson, 3x0-2x4 cantilevers in, 165-169, 978 Cathedral of St. John the Divine, 35X columns, 16X-Z63, 176-178, 184, 974, 978-982 concrete, a 2 5, 226, 249-351 early examples, 35 x pile, x88, X96-200 reinforced, x86, X96, 978 conditions affecting, z88 definition, 129, 1852 depth, x88 engine, water-proof cement, X7x6 excavating for, 200-3x4 (Me, also, BxcavntioB) footings (see Footiafa) general requirements, X29, X30 girdering-method, z66-x69 grillage, steel, 166-169, x8x-x85, 678 light buildings, 223-239 Manhattan Life Insurance Building, 25X mining districts, X47 needling, 3x8-333 piers, X29, x88 300 pile, reinforced-concrete, X96-300 sheet, 30X-209 wooden, X88-X96 reinforced-concrete, x86, 946-947,978 screw-jacks, 2x5, 3x6, 32 x settlement, equal, X52-X60 sewers, 147 shafts, Z47 shoring, 314-323 spread, Z66-169, x8x-x88, 978, 980 subways, X48 temporary buildings, X87 timber, spread, x86-x88 trenches, 147 tunnels, 148 undtfpinning, 3x4, 3x8-333 walls, Z29, 200, 228, 229, 979 Washington Monument, 251 waterproofing, X709-X717 wedges, 3x5 welb. Z47 Foondation-beda (^ee. also. Fonnda- tions), X39-Z48. 833 1876 IndeK FoondatiOA-bedi, boulders, 154, 136, 14X day, i35> 138* X39> U^* X43 dirt, 135 drill tests, 145 earthy material, 132-133, 135, 138' Z40 filled ground, 140 geological considerations, X30 glacial deposits, 133 hard-pan, 135. 141, X43 gravel, 134, 136. 141. i43 loads on, 140-143, 148-160, 333 tests, X43-Z46 loam, I3S. X43 materials composing, 130-140 mould, 13 5 mud, 135. X39 peat, 13s. X39 pipe-borings, 144. X45 quicksand, 136, 137, X4X, 143 river-deposits, 133 rock, I30-I32, X34. X35, X4X sand, 134. X36-X38, X4X, X43 shale, Z35 sUt, X3S, X39 soil, 132, 135. X43 testing, X4X-X46 topographical conditions, X46 trenches for footings, 226 varying pressure on, 163-164 Fouxidxy-caitinga, 379 Pouzidry, heating-temperature, 1256 lighting. 145 X steel, weight, 1209 Pnunea, door, 898, 899 window (see Window-framet) Framing, floors, wooden, 721-731, 746- 7S7 mill-construction, 760-764, 766, 769, 782-794 saw>tooth roof, 772-777 steel beams, 6x2-6x8 cast-iron columns, 445, 447, 457, 458, 946 fire-proof floors, 86 x -866 Lally columns, 474, 477 steel columns, 468, 470, 471, 473- 478, 945, 946 wooden floors, 616, 752, 753, 755, 786-792 truss-joints, XX49-XX70 arched, X024, X039 heel, 434-439» X003, XX50-1170 iron ties, xox9 lattice truss, xoo8, X009 pin -connected, 433-429 wind-bracing, XX74-X176, XX83-IX93 Freight rates, structural steel, X2os Freiflit-cara, capacity, 1643 French tmsa, 1026 FriedOB, theoKm, «ss'9S4 water in pipes, 1388 FrMtprooliac pipes, 1400 Frnstun. of cone, 38, fix, 63-64 of pyramid, 38, fix, 64 FnelBt Z27x-xa73 air required, X279 boiler-rating affected, 1177 calorific value, tajt, 1272, 1273 combustion, 127 2, 1273 consumption, hrating-boilcrs, 1278 heating, example. 13x7 Folcnun, grillage, 166 Foniace, combination. 1358 pipes. X3XX, 13x8, ijsa, 1358-1360 ratings, 13x4 registers. 13 x 7-1390, 1355, 1338, Z360 air-velocity, 1367 pressure loss, X338 symbol, X350 stack. X3X2, X317, 1322. I J 58 work, specifications, 1357-1359 Fnmnce-hentlac* 13x0-1324 fueb, X3X7 specifications, 1357-1359 where used, 1355 Fnmnce-lraiia 379 Ftunnce-lenden. X3XI, 13x7. 1324, 135! Fnmltnre, dimensions, X637-X640 metallic, 898-899 weight. X49 FoRinc metal, 881. 89s mill-construction, 759 outside waUs, 891 Fnaes, electric work, 1461 Fusion, latent heat, 1251 Gable (Glossary), 1820 Gallon, capacity, x 247 Gshrsnlsed ixon sad stael. tfioo. xfio4 Gnrace, floor4oad, 1x98 Gargoyle (Glossary), x8si Gas, acetylene, 1431 coal, X43X • as fuel, X273 gasoline, X432 illuminating, X431-X436 illumination by, X448, X450, 1451 lamps, 145X natural, X43t perfect, 1256 piping for, X43>-X43fi« X44S velocities, flue and chimney, 1,564 water, X43Z weight, X273 Gas-pipe, separators, steel beam, 6x4 Gas-piping. X432-X436 symbols, Z445 Gaskets, pipe, X389 Gssolias, X432 Index 1877 Q^tftncesy American Steel and Wire, 40X, '402,. xsrs Brown & Shari>e, 40X, 40a, Z469, X473, 1509, xsio circular-mil, wire, X469, Z473 corrugated sheets, 15x0, z6oo for air -duct metal, 1356 piano wire, 40X pressure, 1248 railroad-tracks, 1642, 1643 Roebling's wire, 403, 1509 sheet-thickness, X509 standard, compared, 400, 402 U. S. standard, metal sheets, 403, x6oo Washburn & Moen, wire, 40a, X509 0«ar8, size and speed, xyao G^«nerAtor, electric, 1463 heat. X309, X316 Geological data, foundations, X30-X40 Oeoaitftrical probleixis, 66-^0 Oeonxetry and Measuratioa, 36-63 Girder, girders (ftce, also, Beaxns) bearing, 634, 687 Bethlehem girder beams, 358, 594- 597 box (see Box girders) built-up, wooden, 652-656 continuous, 555, 67X-680, 979-980 deflection, 663-670 continuous girders, 674-676 double-beam, 564, 603, 604 tables, 607-61 X fireproofing for, 780-782, 827-842, 849. 854-860 framing (see under Fraxniog) grillage-foundations, 678 I beam, 603 -6xx latticed, xoo8-xozo, X089-X09X, xx8x wind-bracing, X176, zi8i, X183 loads, tables of safe, 574-59 1> 594i 692, 605-61 X plate (^ee Plate girders) reioforced-concrete, 973-974 riveted (see Box ^nd Plate girders) steel (sM Beams, steel) wall-support, 613, 793 wind-bracing, xifx wooden (ie^ Beams, wooden) Girdering, cantilever foundations, x66, X69, 978 Glacial deposits, 133 Glass, cast, x6o6 cost, XS74-I577 crystal-sheet, X575 defects, X575 diffusion of light, X453-X456, 1577- X580 figured rolled, X577 grades, X574 leaded, X573 Glais, mills and warehouses, 759, 763 764, 769, 772 saw-tooth roof, 775 mirrors, X580 Novus sanitary, x6o6 plate, X576 prism, 83X, X454-X456, x578-k58o prism-plate, XS77 polished-plate, X576 saw-tooth roof, 775 sheet, X574 sizes, X574-1577 skylights, xs8o speci&c gravity, X504 tile, x6o6 types of, for lighting, 1454 weight, 723, X504. x6sx window, X577 wire, fire-protection, 759, 8a x Glossary, 1796-1850 Gneiss, X33, 282 specific gravity and weight, 1504 Gold, specific gravity and weight, 1504 Gordon's formola, cast-iron and st^el columns, 460, 461, 48X, 484, 485, 487. 493-495. 496 Government buikliiigs, cost, X628-X634 Grain, weight, 723 Graxiite, 13 x angle of friction, 253 beams, coeflicieats for, 628 fiber-stress, 557 compressive strength, 266, 280, 28X, 282 allowed, 267, 287 curbing for sidewalks, 1539 fire-resistance, 814 modulus, of elasticity, 282 of rupture, 282 shearing strength, 282 specific gravity, 282, X504 tension, 282 weight. 282. X504 Graphical analysis, arches, 3XX-32X bending moments in beams, 328- 336. 564, 678, 690, 695. 698 bending moments, in pins, 426-429 column formulas, 496 deflection of beams, 670 domes, X224 forces, 352, 288-29X friction, 252 moment of inertia, 345 piers and buttresses, 297-304 retaining-walls, 257-259 roof-trusses, X065-XX37 vaults, X234-X243 Graphite, specific gravity and weight, XS04 Giappler cemtnt, S36 A 187S Index Grate, furnace, 1331 surface, heating-lomace, 13x5 Ofmvel, angle of repose, 256 beds of, 133, r34 concrete aggregate, 386. 908 graded, 241 cost, 349, 350 definition of, 134, 136 roofing, 871, 1037, X59S-X599 safe loads for foundations, 141, 143 specific gravity, 1504 weight, 356, 1504, 1537 OraTity, center of (see Center of gnv- Gravity, tpecUlc, substances, 1500- 1508 Gray-iron caattagB, 379 specific gravity and weight, 1503 Grease-traps, 14x4 Grecian long measures, 34 Greek letters, symbols, 133 GriUages, beams, spacing, 183 cantilever foundations, 166 column-footings, 184 foundations. 794 Goetz, 75*. 79». 793 I-beam. 752, 753. 755, T^Sr^no Ideal, 754. 786 Lane, 756 mill-construction, 782, 785, 789 National. 755, 756 atirrap, 750, 75^757 strength, 756 Van Dom, 755, 7«6, 79«. 79» wall. 750-757. 783-7M, 792-794 Hsrd-9an, X35, X4x, X4S Hardwoods^ unit stresses. 649 Hatchway, elevators, x66o, 1667. 167^ X676 Haunch, arch, 305, 3x3 arches, filling <rf, 83 a HaTormeyer bar, 9x7 Hawser-cope, 404 Hazlewood, hardness. 155S Headers (Glossary), X824 brick footings, 226 floor-framing, 728, 747, 749 Heat, X 249-1 >5x absolute, X250 British thermal unit, 33. taso, TJI4 concrete fireproofing. effect oa, 245. 827. 937. 955-959 furnace-rating. X3X4 horse-power equivalent, tist insulation, 1360, X363, X430. ^6x0 intensity, 1249-1 251 latent, X2SX-X252 loss, X356-X264 furnace heatinif, 13x2 walls, X256 measurement, x 247-1230 mechanical equivalent. 12 st of evaporation, X35x of liquefaction, 16S4 of the liquid. X25X of vaporization, 1684 sensible, X251 specific. X3SO. X684 steam, x 249-0 54 thermometers, iiso Index 1870 aat, total, vapor, xfl$4 t.ransCer of» ias6*is64, 1684 t.raasim9sioa by walb» 1256*1264, 1684 Bater-foom* location, 1357 »atara» hot-blast, 1339 BAtinc* 1^47-1363 air-changes per hour, ia6o, 1961, I3S3, 1354 bloarer system, X334 cold-air supply, xsi9» X333 direct'iadircct radiation, 1364 direct radiation, 1164, 1983, 1296 fan systam, 13 24-1 341 furnace heating, i3iO'Z334, X355 (see Fniaaca haatiag ) gravity systems, 1283, 1298 hot-air, 1310-1324 hot-aad-coid system, 1327 hot-blast system, 1324-1341, 1346 example, 1342-1347 bot-water, 1 302-1320 radiators, 1264, 1270 specification, 1339 Treasury Department, 1303, 1308 U. S. Gov't Buildings, 1303-1306, X308 where used, 13SS mains and branches, 1284, 1289, X29x, 13SO radiating-surface, vails and win- dows, 1236, 1258, 1259 radiators (aoe Radiatort) rei^isters (see Registan) residences, air -changes, 1353 hot-air, 1310-1324, i357 hot-water, 1302-13x0, 1359 temperatures, 1256 rules, 1354 steam, 1361-1363 fequtremeats, buildings, 1256-1264, 1354 saw-tooth roofs* 776 specifications (sm under each system) steam, 1264, 1 283-1302 Bishop - Babcock - Becker system, 1287 direct, 1283-1291 gravity system, 1283, 1298 hot-blast, 1324 low-pressure system, 1291-1298 one-pipe gravity system, 1283-1285 Paul system, 1286 pipes (see npea> special gravity ssrstem, 1286 specification, X36X-X363 two-pipe gravity system, xa86 where used. 1355 structures, large, 1324 symbol! used, t$i^ tsniis. 1400 vacuiua system, 1287-1291 Haatiiif, water, by steaoKotb, 1430 workshops, 769* 776 Hemlock* beams, coefficients lor, 628 deiection, 664 fleiural strength, 557, 648 columns, safe loads, 452 compression, 449 • 454* 647. 648, 650 crushing stcength, across grain, 454, 648 crushing strength, with grain, 449, 648 modulus of elasticity, 647 safe loads, 638 shearing-stresses, 412, 647* 648, 650 specific gravity, 1505 tensile strength, 376, 647, 648, 650 weight, 650, 1505, 1558 Hemp rope, 406-408 Heanabiqut ayst«ii» 930, 940 Heptagon, 37 Heiculaan floor-arch, 838-839 Herriagbone malal lath, 884, 885 Hexagon, 37 Hickory t hardness, 1558 specific gravity, 1505 unit stress, 651 weight, 651, X 50s Hides, weight, 723. Hip-iafters, lengths and bevels, 90 Hoists, 1723 rope for, 404, 407 Hollow ttta (see Tarxa-cotta) Homes, heating and ventilating re- quirements, Z3S4 Honeywell heat-gaaaxatoca, 1309, 13x0 Hook-spttea, toof-trussea, XX55 Hooks, for chains, 1723-1725 Hoops, water-tanks, 1398 Hornblende, 131 specific gravity and weight, x5os Hofsa-power, 1248, 1250, 1460, 1720- X722 boilers, 1274 chimney, 1368 electrical, 1460 beat-equivalent, xxsx machinery, 1720 pumps, X397 raising water, 1397 transmitted, by belting, 172X by shafting, 1722 windmills, X594 A^rsa-stalls, dimensions, 1643 Hose, 768 Hosa-csxriagaa, dimensions, 1642 Hose-reels. 905 Hospitals, heating-temperature, 1256 and ventilating requirements, 1354-135? non-fire-proof, height, 813 ventilation, X349. X352, I3S3> X354- 13$7 1880 Index Hot-air eoffiiiM, ts93 Hot-^air heatiac, z3xo'i3a4 fuels, 131 7 Ho^«nd-cokl system, heating, 1397 Hot-blast lieating, 1324-X34X example, X343-K347 radiation, 1334 Hot-watar heating, direct, X3oa-x3zo radiators, 1264 specification, X359 U. S. Gov't Buildings, 1303* 1306, 1308 where used, 1355 Hotels, fire-hose in, 90s floor-loads, live, 7x9* 1X9^ flooring, fire-proof, 892-893 furniture, weicbt of, 149 non-fire-proof, height, 8x3 steel, weight, 1208 ventilation, 1353 Houae-tanka, size, X41S Howe tmas, 999-1008 design of, z 1 4 2-1 X43 joint -details, XXSZ-ZZ56 stresses by computation, X063, 1065 by graphics, xo75>xo77, xtoa-zios types, 1000- Z008 weight, X057 Hninidifyiag-appaxatus, hot -blast heat- ing, X324 Humidity, temperature-relation, 1359 ^diants, mills, 759 Hydrated lime, X55X Hydraulic jacks, shoring, 2x5, 9x6. »ax Hydraulic lime, 235 (see Cements) Hydraulic limestone, 132 Hydraulic ram, X390 Hydraulics, Z38Z-Z406 Hyperbola, 38 problems on, 79-80 Hyperboloid of revolution, volume, 65 Hy-rib, concrete-reinforcement, 853, 886 I beams, anchors for, 6x9 bending moments, maztmam, 574- S75 Bethlehem, 592 loads, safe, $9^, 593. 598-602 proi>erties, 357 buckling of web, x8x-x85, 565, 567- 569,6x2 table, 574, 575 Carnegie, dimensions, 352*353 properties, 354, 355 safe loads, 577--581 concrete, 854 connections, anchors, 6x9 floor-framing, 6x2-6x9 limiting values. 6x8 separators, 612-614. X202 tions, standard. 6 1€ f- with Bethldfeeos H calamas, 473 with built-up colummi, 475, 4t« with cast-iron colnmaa. 4^. 447. 457. 4S» with plate and box girdcn, 615 continuous, 677—680 cost, base price, 1204 crippling of web (same ms boc^ISii;' deflection, lateral, 566. 670 vertical, 566. 577-s8». 668, fc^ dimensions, 35a, 353, 565 double-beam girderv loads, 5^. 603. 604, 607-611 economy, relative, $65 end-bearing, minim um. S74~57S end-reactions, 569, 574, S75 fireproofing * (see Baaaaa* atccL irt- proofing) framing, between oolumns. 6x4 to wooden beams aad ioists, €z\ 75 *t 753. 755» 786-79^ girders, 603-611 double, safe loads, 607-611 single, safe loads, 605-606 grillage foundatjons, 167-169, irz- X85, 678-680 light versus heavy, 565 loads, Bethlehem, table, 594-602 Carnegie, table. 577-5*« examples solved, 57^-573 moment of inertia, 336 needling, 2x8-aaz oblique loading, 573 properties, 35a-3S5. 357. 35* radius of gyration, 336 separators for, 6x2-6x4, xaoa shearing, X81-X85, 567, 56*. 5*9 Uble, 574-575 single-beam girders loads, 605, 6e6 span-lengths, limiting, 6x8 standard, dimenskms, 3Sa~353 properties, Bethlehem, 357-358 properties, Carnegie, 352-355 supplementary. 359 tie-rods for, 619, 865 web-resistance. z8x-x85, 567-569 table, 574-575 Ice, melting-temperatnre, xssx specific gravity and weight, 1505 Ice-malring, X693-X695 Idaho, registration law, 1778 Igneous rocks, X31 Illinois, registration law, 1778 niinninanta, hygiene el, X45S selection, 145a nhuninatinf gas, Ugfatiat, X43t-i43<. X451 muminatioa (see Tighthig aad IBBBr> nation) I Incandescent laaqm, 146s, X47t. 149: India 1881 ■iPtlBf (909 LiKonns) ach« equivalents, 9s, 26 Dch-povndp 290 nclinsd plwM* friction, 252 acmntntiooa boilen, 1439 iMrtiA, moment of (gee Momeat of inoftiA) Eifliioaco UiiM, 1x34-1x37 nstitiitlonst educationai, architectural, 1779 asulatiac qnUtat X565 Dmilatioii, X683, 1690 heat, Z430, 1566 mineral wool, z6io pipe, X430 aanlaton, electik, 1458 Dsunuic* during constructioii, X756 atorphoaos, 1707 i&trados, arch, 305 nyeno squares, law. light, 1440 avolutum» arithmetic, 3 onic Order, 1699-1702 onic Vobtte, 1702 ron, cast (see Cast iron) galvanized, 1604 properties, 37s wire, 400 ron, wrought (see Wrought iron) soscelss triangle, 393 Tack, jacks, hydraulic, 2x6, 221 rack-rafters, lengths and bevels, 90 fack-acrews, shoring, 215, 2x6, 23x racket, furnace, 13 10, 13x1 fewish long measures, 34 fohuaon floor-con8tructioii» 837-840, 84 X Foint, rupture, dome, 12x3 [oiots (see under each subject) foist (Glossary), x8a6 Foists, floor (see Floor-joists) ceiling (see CeiUuf-joists) roist-hangsrs (see Hangers) fottle, 1250 fury, competitions, 1737* I743 Cahn bar, 921 system, 940 BLaUunetn iron, 894-895 Ceene's cement plasters, 1556 Celaey warm-air genentor, 1316 Cenney flushometer, X430 Kent's chimney-formula, 1366 Key ezpanded-metal lath, 884 Keyed beams, 653-85$ Keys, compound beams, 654 Keystone arches, 305, 308, 3x0 (Glos- sary), 1827 Rankine's formila, 308 Trautwine's formtda, 309 KeyitoiM hair iaaiilglor, 1566 Uowatts, defined, 1460 King-post truss (see Roof-trass) King-rod trass (see Koof-trass) Kitchsn ranges, flues, X282 KitchsD»siaks, dimensions, 1641 Knee-braoes, trusses, X025-X027 xzx6- ixx8, XX64, 1x68 wind-bracing, XX79, xx8x, XX85-XX90 Kxiife-switch, X477i X479 Kno-burn lath, 884 Kw>-fur lath, 88s Labor, cost, 1564 Laboratofies, lighting for, 1451 Ladng-bsrs, 385 Ladder-wsgons, dimensions, x64a La Farge cement, 236, 238 Lag-screws, X535 roof -trusses, XX57 Laitance, 244 Lally columns, 467, 474, 477 loads, 488, 516 Lamps, arc, X462, 1463 arrangement, 1465, Z466 bowl-sixe, X443 brilliancy, X439 gas, X451 height, X444 incandescent, X462, X47X, X483 kinetic burner, X4$i location, 1442, X443, X446 number, X446, T449, X47S sizes, 1443, X444 tungsten, X444, X447 Welsboch, Z444, X4SX Land, measure, 27 Lard-oil, weight, 723 Lath, meul (see Metal lath) wire (see Metal lath) wooden, 1554 LatUng, X554 cost, XS57 Lattioe-bars, columns, 477-479 specifications, X202 Lattice colunxns, 477-479 Lattice girders, xoo8-xoxo, X089-X09Z wind-bracing, XX76, xx8x, xxSs Lattice trusses, xoo8-xoxo, X089-X09X Laundry-tubs, dimensions, X64X Lava, X3X crushing strength, 280 Lavatories, dimensions, X64Z Laws, building (see Buihlfaig laws) registration, architects, X768-X779 ventilation, X354 I<ead, anchor-bolts, 240 castings, shrinkage, 152 x pipe. roofs, 77». 77S school-rooma, X45X semiindirect, X44S» x^ single-phase system, X464 swiUhes, X478, X479* i4&x systems, 1464-1469 three-phase system, x^ft^^xeis three-wire 93Pstem« i46e-iei9 two-wire sjrstem, X464 windows. 775. X4SJ-X4$6 wiring, cost, X489 workshops, 769, X45X Liglrttting-condDclDCS, x 704-2707 Lignite, combustible, X27X. X272 Ltgnnm-Tits, ultimate 651 weight, 65 X Lime, 1548-1553 Alca, X5S3 chemical {Mnpettiea, 1550 classification, X549 daU, XS53 hydrated, 1531 hydraulic, 235 inspection, X550, 2552 nature, 1548 propertim, XS48, xsso, 1554 sampling, 1549 specific gravity, 1506 specifications, X549-XS5X tests, X549 weight, 723, X506 Uaeetone, X32 beams, coeffideats for, 6aS cakite, X3X calcium, X549 compressive strength, 266, jSo^ ii: 282, 287 constituents, X548 dolomitic, X3K, X549 fiber-stresses, 537 fire-resistance, 8x4 modulus of elasticity, 28a of rvpture, i^2 shearing strength, 282 specific gravity and weight, a^a, 1 ccs X506 tensile strength, 282 Line of fmctvre, aichca, 316 Linear meaearea» 25 metric, 31 Gunter's chaia, 9$ ropes and cables, 25 Unea, center of gravity o(« 292 geometrical problems, 66 Linea of preeaore, arches, 31 1-321 buttresses, 297-3014 Linka, strength of, chaina, 4x0 Uneeed-^ 1568, X369 specific gravity aAd weight, 150J 1883 s tJhMktS09 cast-iroD, 630-697 cross'MCtioB, ideal, 690 deflection, 628, 664 formulaa, 620-621 lafe load, tables, 624-697 reinforced-coDcrete, 975 •tone, IS39 Lrignid maasnr** 27 metric, 32 UquaCactioii, heat .of, 1684 LiTO loadt (see member loaded) definition, 126, 149 ( Load, loadii (see, also, each member loaded: also Weight) cast-iron columns, 461 footings, 162-165 eccentric, columns, 489, 946 footings, 1 62- X 65 steel column, 485-489 steel-pipe column, 472 wooden column, 453 oblique, steel beams. 573, 593 on columns, method of computing, 148-159, 489, 490 on floors, fire-proof, 833, 837-844, 850-852, 856, 863-865 mill-buildings, 802-808 reinforced concrete, 936, 948, 967, 971, 984-987 steel, X197 various buildings, 149 wooden, 7t7-749 on foundation-beds, I4t-i43, 14^x60 on masonry, 965-267, 987, 441, 449, 1200 on roofs, 740-74«, 745, 746, 1048- X057, ix9fi on reinforced-concrete slabs, 984- 987 safe-load, definition, X25 snow-loads, 1049, 1052-1057 tests, fire-proof floors, 897, 866, 956- 9S8, 9fi7 foundation-beds, X4X-X46 wind-loads, 148-160, 1049, 1052- 1057, iX7i-"73, X198 Lock-woren fabric, 849 Locomothrea, dimensions, 1649 Loctut, safe fiber-stress, flexure, 557, 648 specific gravity, 1506 unit stresses, 651 weight, 651, 1506 l4>dfiiiff-houae, defined. 1853 l^ft-lmildiiiga, chimneys, 1368 Lofti, cost, x6x3 live loa^ on floors, 149, XX97 Locwood, extract of, 793 Loop-eyes, 386 I'Oop-rodi, 386, 396 Loaiiiuui» fetUtzatlon law, 1778 Louiavilla code, loads on foundation- beds, X43 masonry loads, 287 Lumber (see, also. 