None
Dictyota dichotoma, a marine Alga, which grows fixed upon other Algae, or on rocks, near low-water mark, in summer : not uncommon (p. 381). *Digi talis purpurea : flowers (July-September), of various ages, for fertilization, 208. *Dracama, stem, 169. Dudresnaya, a genus of marine Algse, which grow in summer on rocks or other Algce near low-water mark ; D. divaricata is not uncommon (p. 389). Ebony (Diospyros, sp.) : old stem, 100. Elceagnus, sp. : leaf, fresh, for hairs, 146. *Elder (see Sambucus). *Elm (see Ulmus). *Elodea canadensis : the common American weed ; an intro- duced plant, to be found universally in still, fresh-water ; to be used fresh ; stem, 171 ; leaf, 180. *Equisetum arvense : a common corn-field and road-side weed ; whole plant, which may be obtained throughout the summer, and to be used fresh or in alcohol, 325 ; buds, hardened in alcohol, 334 ; fertile stems, with sporangia, to be collected in spring, 338 ; spores, to be sown in spring, 340. Equisetum Telmateia : mature stem, summer, 330. ^Eucalyptus globulus, the Blue Gum of Australia : common in green-houses, leaf, 135. * Euphorbia splendens (a commonly grown exotic), or other species of Euphorbia : fresh stem, 120. *Eurotium Aspergillus, a mould common on old leather, decay- ing fruit, &c., and may be obtained without fail if a slice of dry bread be kept under a bell-glass for ten days or more (p. 484). Fegatella conica, a Liverwort not uncommon on river banks, (p. 367). *Fern prothalli are to be found growing on surfaces of pots, &c. in any fern-house, or they may be cultivated on damp soil, or on cork floating in water, from the fresh spores : they may be used 528 PRACTICAL BOTANY either fresh, 30, 47, 311, or hardened in alcohol, or in picric acid and alcohol, 130, 314, &c. *Ficus elastica, the India-rubber plant : grown commonly in green-houses, and dwelling-houses ; the leaf may be used fresh or in spirit, 139. *Fritillaria imperialis : a common garden plant, flowering in early summer ; nectaries, 199 ; pollen, 203 ; endosperm, 213. Fuchsia : leaf, hardened in alcohol, for water-stomata, 141. *Fucus serratus, the common serrate Wrack of all our coasts : found chiefly about half-tide level : material to be hardened in alcohol before use : the whole thallus is required, including the organ of attachment. The male and female organs are on dif- ferent plants, and may be distinguished by their colour with the naked eye, (p. 391). F. platycarpus and F. vesiculosus are also common all round the coast (p. 393). *Funaria hygrometrica, a common native Moss, frequently to be found on charred or burnt soil : the whole plant is required, and should be hardened in alcohol (p. 342, &c.). Geaster, a genus of rather uncommon Gasteromycetous Fungi, 461. Geranium, Scarlet (see Pelargonium). *Glceocapsa, a genus of gelatinous Algse, belonging to the Cyanophyceee : it grows on wet rocks, and is commonly found forming a iilm on the inner surface of the glass of damp con- servatories (p. 452). Gomphonema, a genus of stalked Diatoms, commonly to be found attached to the surface of submerged fresh-water plants, 449. *Grapes : ripe, fresh, 221. Graphis, a genus of Crustaceous Lichens, commonly found on the smooth bark of trees, and appearing as irregular dark lines breaking through the surface of the bark (p. 479). Hakea suaveolens : exotic shrub ; leaf, 140. Hedera Helix, the common Ivy : stem, fresh, 65. *Helianthus annuus, the Sunflower : ripe fruits, to be obtained from seedsmen, 216 ; whole plants, 54 ; stem, fresh or in spirit, 6 1 ; young stem, fresh or in spirit, 76 ; apical bud, hardened in spirit, and taken in early summer, 79 ; leaf, fresh or in spirit, 122 ; root, 148 ; root apex, from dry fruit, 157 ; mature capitulum, fresh or APPENDIX C 529 in spirit, 191 ; young capitulum, taken in early summer, and hardened in spirit, 194. *Helianthus tuberosus : tuber, after treatment with alcohol, 119 ; apical bud, in spirit, 83. Hieracium Pilosella, a common native Hawkweed : leaf, for hairs, 146. Himanthalia lorea, a marine Alga, usually growing on flat rocks about half-tide level : it may be recognized by the cuplike base of the thallus, and thong-like dichotomous upper branches : the apex is to be hardened in alcohol before use (p. 400). *Hippuris vulgaris, the common Mare's-tail : found growing in water ; stem, fresh, 110 ; apical bud, fresh, 111 ; leaf, 130 ; scale- hairs, 146. Holly (Ilex Aquifolium) : leaf, fresh or in spirit, 130. *Horse-chestnut (^Esculus Hippocastanum) : leaf, to illustrate fall and scar, autumn, spirit, 144 ; colleters, 146 ; root, fresh or in spirit, 153. Hoy a, sp. : leaf, fresh or in spirit, 141. Humulus Lupulus, the common Hop : glandular scales, 146. *Hyaeinthu8 orientalis, the garden Hyacinth : whole plant, 167 young scape, in spirit, 86 ; scape or leaves, 177 ; scape, 168 ; leaf, 175 ; root, spirit, 180. *Hydrocharis Morsus-Rana : a floating plant, native, but not common, from Northumberland southwards ; root, fresh, 33. Hydrodictyon utriculatum, a somewhat uncommon fresh-water Alga, which has the form of a reticulate sac (p. 441). ffydnum, a genus of Hymenomycetous Fungi, found in woods 460. Hymenophyllacece : stems, 292. Iberis amara, the Candy Tuft : common in gardens ; young shoots, 57. *Iris Pseud-Acorus, the native yellow Iris : leaf, 179 ; flower, 193. Ivy (see Hedera). Jerusalem Artichoke (see Helianthus tuberosus). Juglans regia, the Walnut : fruit, 216. Juniperus, sp. : shoot, 230 ; phloem, 237. Jungermannia, a genus of Liverworts, including many common M M 530 PKACTICAL BOTANY species, found growing on moist soil or stones, in wet places (pp. 363, &c.). Kidney Bean (see Phaseolus). Laburnum (Cytisus Laburnum] : old stem, 100. Laminaria digitata, a large brown Seaweed, found attached to rocks near or below low-tide mark : the parts required are to be hardened in alcohol before use (p. 406). Lavatera arborea : an uncommon native plant, cultivated fre- quently in gardens ; hairs, 146. Lemanea, a genus of fresh-water Floridese, found growing attached to stones, in swiftly-flowing mountain streams (pp. 388, 386). Lilium, sp. : ovary, 206 ; leaf, 176. *Linum usitatissimum : seed (Linseed), to be bought in shops, 94 ; apex of root, 159. Lunularia vulgaris, a very common Liverwort, resembling Marchantia, but distinguished by the semilunar cups in which the gemmse are produced (p. 361). *Lupinus luteus: seedlings may be raised from seeds to be obtained from seedsmen ; 228. *LycJinis dioica, the common Kose Campion : flower, 189. Lycoperdon (Puff-ball), a common genus of Gasteromycetous Fungi, which grow for the most part on grass-land (p. 461). *Lycopodium clavatum, the native " Stag's-horn Moss " : to be found on moorland hills : to be used fresh or in spirit, 275, &c. Maize (see Zea). *Marchantia polymorpha, a common Liverwort, to be found growing in moist places, on flower-pots in green-houses, &c. : the whole plant is required, together with male and female branches : the material is to be hardened in alcohol, or may be used fresh (p. 360, &c.). Marsilea, sp. : commonly grown in botanic gardens ; 324. Mesocarpus, a genus of filamentous fresh- water Algae (p. 446). Metzgeria, a native Liverwort ; apex of thatlus, 367. Micrasterias, a genus of Desmids, commonly to be found in peat bogs (p. 448) : should be observed while living. *Mirabilis Jalapa : ripe fruits, may be obtained from seeds- men : 217. APPENDIX C 531 Morchella (the Morel), a native Fungus of variable occurrence, found especially upon soil which has been burnt (p. 471). *J/wcor, various moulds of this genus are found growing on organic substrata, and may be readily obtained on wet bread, or dung kept under a bell-glass (p. 497) : should be used fresh. Navicula, a very common genus of Diatoms, found in fresh- water, and capable of slow movement (p. 449). Nettle (see Urtica). Nitella, sp. : plants of this genus are common in fresh-water : fresh or in spirit, 409, &c. *Nostoc, a dark olive-coloured gelatinous Alga, belonging to the CyanophycesB : commonly to be found on lawns, and among moss : swelling greatly with water, it often comes first into notice after rain (p. 451). : should be hardened in alcohol for use. Nymphcea alba, native white Water-Lily : leaf, 139. Nupliar lutea, native yellow Water-Lily : leaf, 1 39. Oak (see Quercus). *(Edogoniumt a genus of green filamentous Algae, growing at- tached to stones, or submerged plants in fresh- water: to be recognized by the peculiar intercalary growth, and the irregular thickness of the filaments (p. 421). Oranges (see Citrus). *0scillatoria, a genus of blue-green filamentous Algse, commonly to be found growing on moist soil, stones, &c. (p. 452). Pandorina Morum, a green Alga, consisting of a motile spheri- cal colony of sixteen cells : not uncommon in ponds : should be observed while actively living (p. 439). *Parmelia parietina, the common yellow Lichen, found on walls, roofs, rocks, &c. : may be dried for subsequent use (p. 473). Pelargonium, or Scarlet Geranium : petals, fresh, 198 ; leaf, or stem, fresh, 146. *Pellia epiphylla, a common native Liverwort : thallus, 362 ; antheridia, 371 ; sporogonium, 377. Peltigera canina, a common Foliaceous Lichen, which grows on a mossy substratum (p. 479). Penicillium, the common blue mould, 490. Peperomia : various species, which are grown in botanic gardens will do ; leaf, fresh, 139. M M 2 532 PKACTICAL BOTANY *Pezizay a large genus of variously coloured, cup-shaped Fungi, to be found growing in various positions, e.g. on rotting wood, moist soil, &c. : to be hardened in alcohol for use (p. 470). Phallus impudicus, a Gasteromycetous Fungus, found commonly growing in woods (p. 461). *Phaseolus vulgaris, the Kidney Bean : seedlings, 226 ; root 148 ; apex of root, 159. Phaseolus multiftorus, the Scarlet- Runner : pulvinus, fresh or in spirit, 123. Phajus grandifolius, an exotic Orchid : young tubers, 221. Phyllocladus : a southern Conifer ; botanic gardens ; shoot, 230. Pilobolus, a Fungus which appears upon cow-dung, if kept under a bell-glass, 499. *Pilularia globulifera : a native aquatic, not uncommon in heathy marshes ; whole plant, fresh or in spirit, 319. Pinnularia, a genus of not uncommon Diatoms (p. 449). *Pinus sylvestris, the common Scotch Fir : wood, 233 ; 'shoot, 236; stem, in spirit, 232 ; leaf, in spirit, 244 ; roots, of various ages, in spirit, 247 ; male inflorescence, fresh or in spirit, May and June, 252 ; female inflorescence, spirit, to be taken at various periods from beginning of June to the autumn, 254. Pisum sativum : dry seeds, for apex of root, 160. *Pleurococcus constitutes the greater part of the green incrusta- tion on the bark of trees : to be used fresh (p. 439). Poinsettia : a common green-house plant ; inflorescence, 142. Polygonum Fagopyrum, the Buckwheat : apex of root, 159. Polyides, a purple marine Alga, not uncommon in rocky pools, between tide-marks (p. 389). Polyporus, a genus of Hymenomycetous Fungi, which grow on decaying wood (p. 460). *Polysiphoniafastigiata, a red Seaweed, which may constantly be found growing attached to the thallus of Ascophyllum nodosum on all our coasts : may be examined fresh or in spirit (p. 379). *Polytrichum commune, a Moss, common on moors, &c. : may be used fresh, or better, after hardening in alcohol, p. 341, &c. APPENDIX C 533 *Potamogeton, sp. : a common genus of native aquatics ; fruit in various stages of development, to be preserved at various times in summer, in spirit, 213. Potato (see Solanuni). Prunus Lauro-Cerasus, the common Cherry-Laurel of gardens : leaf, fresh or in spirit, 134 ; glands on leaf, 142. *Prunus PaduSj Bird Cherry : flowers, 189. Primula sinensis, the common green-house Primula : leaf, 146 ; flower, 190. * Primula vulgaris, the common Primrose : flower, 190. *Pteris aquilina, the Bracken Fern : apex of rhizome, 303 ; rhizome, in spirit, 298. Ptilota, a genus of red Seaweeds, found growing on vertical rock faces, between tide-marks, or on stems of Laminarias : to be used fresh, if possible (p. 385). *Puccinia graminis (^Ecidium Berberidis\ the rust of Wheat, and other Grasses : is now less common than formerly, but may frequently be found as dark streaks on the leaf and stem of Grasses ; while the secidium forms bright-coloured swollen patches on the leaves of Berberis : to be used fresh, or after hardening in alcohol (p. 462). *Pythium de Baryanum appears constantly on seedlings of Cress, which are grown close together, and kept very damp (p. 491). ^Ranunculus acris, the common Buttercup : flower, 187. Ranunculus, sp. : stem, 79. Raphanus sativus, the garden Radish : root, 153. Rhododendron ferrugineum, Swiss Rhododendron : often grown in botanic gardens ; 146. * Rhododendron persicum, the common Rhododendron of gardens : pollen-tubes, fresh, 208. Riccia fluitans, a not uncommon Liverwort, found in fresh- water pools, &c., together with Lemna, &c. (p. 362). *Ricinus communis, the Castor Oil plant : ripe seeds may be obtained from seedsmen, 216 ; young stem, 79. Robinia Pseud- Acacia : stem, 75. Rosa, sp. : mature stems, 97 ; prickles,147. Rubus, sp. : mature stems, 97 ; prickles, 147. 534 PRACTICAL BOTANY Sambucus niger, the common Elder : young stems, May or June, spirit, 85. Saxifraga, various species : leaves, for chalk glands, 142. *Scilla nutans, the wild Hyacinth : flower, 193. *Sedum acre, the common Stonecrop : leaf, fresh, 136. *Selaginella Martensii: commonly cultivated as " Lycopodium, " in green-houses ; whole plant, 261, &c. *Solanum tuberosum, the Potato : tuber, fresh, 44 ; young, and treated with picric acid and alcohol, 220. Sphagnum, the genus of Bog Mosses, common on every moor ; to be used fresh, or in alcohol (p. 357). *Spirogyra, a genus of floating, filamentous, fresh-water Alg*, common in still ponds or streams, and slimy to the touch : to be used fresh, if possible (p. 442). *Sporodinia, a Fungus which grows parasitically on the larger Agarics, and not uncommonly found on Boletus in autumn (p. 500). Stachys, sp. : shoot, 57. *Stellaria Holostea, the common Stitch wort : flowers, in spring, 188. *Stellaria media, the Chickweed : fresh ovaries, various ages, summer, 206. *Stryclmos Nux-vomica : seeds may be obtained from druggists ; 214. Sunflower (see Helianthus). Sycamore (see Acer}. *Syr'mga vulgaris, the common Lilac : winter ; buds, 83. * Taraxacum ojficinale,ihe common Dandelion : root, preserved in spirit, 118 ; capitulum, 193. *Taxus baccata, the common Yew : shoot, 230 ; leaf, 247 ; root, 250 ; reproductive organs, in spirit, 259. Thuja: shoot, 230. Tilia europcea, the Lime-tree : four-year-old stem, 166. *Tomato : ripe fruit, fresh, 199. Tradescantia, sp. : commonly grown in botanic gardens ; staminal hairs, fresh, 84. Trianea bogotensis : an exotic floating plant, grown in botanic gardens ; roots, with hairs, 33. APPENDIX C4 535 Tropceolum, sp. : fresh petals, 199 ; leaf, 141. Tulip : of gardens and conservatories ; flower, 198. *Ulmus campestris, the Elm : stems of various ages, young twigs taken at end of May, 188 ; older stems, 97 ; winter twigs for leaf-scars, 143. *Ulothrix, a filamentous, fresh-water Alga, commonly found in early summer attached to stones on the margins of ponds : to be used fresh if possible (p. 424). Urtica urem, the Nettle : leaf, or stem, 145 ; root, 153. Usnea barbata, a fruticose Lichen, to be found especially in Fir woods, and growing attached to the stem and branches of trees 475 ; to be used dry. Vallisneria spiralis : an exotic aquatic, often grown in aquaria ; leaves, 48. Vanda, sp : an exotic Orchid ; aerial roots, 185. *Vaucheria, a genus of Siphonaceous Algae : various species are to be found growing on moist soil, on the surface of flower-pots in conservatories, &c., or in still fresh-water : to be used fresh, 429. Verbascum, sp. : native species of Mullein ; hairs, 146. Viburnum Opulus, the Guelder Rose : glands on leaf, 142. *Vicia Faba, the Broad Bean : seed, 215 ; seedlings, 226 ; glands on stipules, 142. Vitis vinifera, the Vine : stem, 101. *Volvox globotor, a green, fresh-water Alga, consisting of spherical, mobile colonies : not uncommon in fresh-water ponds : to be used fresh (p. 437). Yucca, sp. ; an arborescent Monocotyledon, commonly grown in gardens ; stem, 169 ; ovary, 206. Zea mais, the Maize or Indian Corn ; fruits, fresh, to be bought of seedsmen, 218 ; germination, 227 ; stem of well-grown plant, fresh or in spirit, 161 ; leaf, 172 ; root, 180 ; apex of root, hardened in spirit, 183. INDEX ABCISS LAYER, 145 Abies excelsa, 229 Abies, leaves of, 230 Abstriction, 436 Acacia, phyllode of, 134 Acetabularia, 436 Achsenium, 216 Achromatin, 43 Adhesion, 191 ^Ecidiomycetes, 462 jficidium, 465 ^Ecidium- spores, germination of, 467 Aerial roots, 185 AZsculus, leaf-scar of, 144 ; colleters of, 146 ; root of, 153 Agaricus, 452 Aggregated inflorescences, 194 Air-bubbles, 15 Air- cavities, Marchantia, 364 Alburnum, 100 Aleurone-grains, 223 Alkanna root, use of, 66 Almond, seed of, 216 Aloe, 42 Amphigastria, 361, 365 Amorphous coat of aleurone -grains, 224 Anatropous ovule, 205 Andro?.cium, 188, &c. Angiosperms, 54 Annual rings, of Elm, 98 ; of Pine, 239 ; of root, 250 Annulus of Fern, 310 ; of Moss, 353 ; of Mushroom, 455 Anther, 200, 253 Antheridia, of Fern, 313, 316 ; of Equisetum, 340 ; of Moss, 341, 347; of Marchantia, 361, 370 ; of Polysiphonia, 388 ; of Fiicus, 401; of Chara, 415 ; of Coleochcete, 420 ; of (Edogonium, 424 ; of Vaucheria, 431 ; of Volvox, 438; of Pythium, 494 ; of Cystopus, 496 Antheridiophore, 369 Antherozoids, see Spermatozoids Anticlinal walls, 80, 82, 302 Antipodal cells, 206 Apex, of stem, Sunflower, 79 ; of stem, Hippuris, 111 ; of root, Sunflower, &c., 157 ; of stem, Maize, 166 ; of root, Maize, 183 ; of root, Pine, 251 ; of stem, Selaginella, 269 ; of stem, Lyco- podium, 282 ; of stem, Aspidium, 301 ; of stem, Pteris, 303 ; of root, Fern, 305 ; of prothallus, Fern, 313 ; of stem, Equisetum, 334 ; of root, Equisetum, 338 ; of stem, of Moss,}344 ; of Marchan- tia, 366 ; of Polysiphonia, 380 ; of Fucus, 399 ; of Chara, 413 Apophysis, 342 Apothecium, 470, 473, 477 Apparatus, 1 Apple, 25 Aquatic type of Dicotyledon, 110 ; of Monocotyledon, 171 Araucaria, leaves of, 230 538 INDEX Arboreous type of Dicotyledon, 88 ; of Monocotyledon, 169 Archegoniopliore, 372 Archegonium, of Pine, 357 ; of Fern, 313, 315 ; of Moss, 349 ; of Marchantia, 373, 374 Archesporium, 203, 272, 285, 311, 353 Archicarp, 488 Arillus, 217, 260 Artichoke, inulin of, 119 Ascobolus, 472 Ascogone, 479 Ascomycetes, 470 Ascophyllum, 379 Ascospores, 489 ASCIIS, of Peziza, 471 ; of Lichens, 477 ; of Claviceps, 483 ; of Eurotium, 489 Asparagin, 228 Aspidium Filix-mas, 287 Auxospores, 450 Azygospores, 502 Bark, 101 Basidia, 459, 466 Basidiomycetes, 453 Bast-parenchyma, 95, 103, 236, &c. Batrachospermum, 384 Beet-root, plasmolysis, 32 ; sugar of, 222 Begonia, crystals of, 179 ; leaf, multiple epidermis of, 139 Berberis, 465 Bird cherry, flower of, 189 Blasia, 367 Blue-bell, flower of, 193 Boletus, 460 Bordered pits, 237, 240, 297 Botrytis, 470, 472 Bracken, rhizome of, 298 Bract, 191 Bracteole, 191, 195 Broad Bean, 215 Bryophyta, 341 Bryopsis, 436 Bulbocliwte, 424 Bulbous type of Monocotyledon, 167 Bundles, bi-collateral, 114 Bundle-sheath, Sunflower stem, 66; Hippuris, 110 ; of root, 150 ; of Selaginella, 264 ; of Lycopodium, 277 ; of Ferns, 295 ; of Fern root, 304 ; of Equisetum, 331 ; see also endodermis Bundle-system, method of investi- gating, 59 ; of Lycopodium, 280 ; of Ferns, 290 ; of Equisetum, 330 Buttercup, flower of, 187 Buxus, leaf of, 124 Calcium carbonate, 140, 142 Calcium chloride, clearing by, 50 Calcium oxalate crystals, 109, 178 Callithamnion, 387 Callus, 103, 115 Caltha, flower of, 188 ; stamen of, 200 ; carpel and ovules of, 204 ; development of endosperm of, 212 Calyptra, of Mosses, 342, 351, 359 Calyptrogen, 160 Calyx, 187, &c. Cambiform cells, 73, 114, 164 Cambium, of Sunflower stem, 73 ; interfascicular, 176; of Elm, 95, 98, 106 ; of root, 152 : of Pine, 235 ; of Laminaria, 407 Camellia, sclerenchyma of leaf, 141 Camera lucida, 21 Campy] otropous ovules, 209 Canada balsam, 52 Canal cell, 315, 349 Cane-sugar, 222 Capitulum of Sunflower, 191 ; de velopment of, 194 Capsella, embryo of, 209 ; white rust of, 495 Carpels, 204, &c. Carragheen, 385 Caulerpa, 436 Cauline bundles, 112, 169 Cell- division, 84 ; of Spirogyra, 444 Cell-plate, 85 Cell-sap, 32 ; substances in solution in, 198 Cell-walls, 25, 27, 30 Cellulose walls, reactions of, 35 Central nucleus of embryo-sac, 206 INDEX 539 Gerastium, bundle-system, 57 Ceric acid, 40 Cetraria, 479 Chalk-glands, 142 Chantransia, 386 Chara, 409-418 Cherry Laurel, leaf of, 134 ; glands of, 142 Ohlamydomonas, 440 Chlorophyll-corpuscles, 30, 47, 128; division of, 47 Chlorophyll, solution of, 128 ; spec- trum of, 129 Chloroplasts, 30, 47, 128, &c. Chlor-zinc-iodine, 3, 27, 39, &c. Chondrus, 385 Chromatin, 43, 85 Chromatophores, 28 ; of ColeocJuete, 420 ; of (Edogonium, 422 ; fof Ulothrix, 425 ; of Volvox, 437 ; of Plcurococci(.s,<i4:Q; of Spirogyra, 444 ; of Clostcrium, 447 Chromoplasts, 199 Chrysanthemum, capitulum of, 197 Cilia, 314, 348, 375, &c. Circmate vernation, 288 Circulation of protoplasm, 34 Cladophora, 427 Claviceps, 481 Clearing preparations, 49 Cleistocarpous Ascomycetes, 484 Clematis, 40 ; bundle-system of, 57, 60 ; interfascicular cambium, 79 Closterium, 447 Club-Moss, 275 Coagulum of latex, 118 Codium, 435 Coenobium, 437 Cohesion, 189 Coleoclicete, 419 Coleorhiza, 227 Collema, 475, 479 Collenchyma, 64, 71 Colleters, 146 Columella, of Mosses, 352 ; of Sphagnum, 359 ; of Anthoeeros, 378 ; of Mucor, 499 Common salt, 29 Companion cells, 68, 114 Concentric bundles, 294 Conceptacle, 393, 401 Conducting tissue, 207 Confervoidese, 419 Conidia, of Aspergillus, 485 ; of Pythium, 493 ; of Cystopus, 495 Conidiophores, 472, 485 Conjugation, of Ulothrix, 426 ; of Spirogyra, 446 Conjunctive parenchyma, 265, 295 Connective, 200 Contents of embryo-sac, 206 Contents of pollen-grain, 202 Continuity of protoplasm, 213 Coprinus, 456, 460 Corallitia, 385 Cork, 88, 91, &c. Cork-cambium, 91, &c. Corky walls, reactions of, 39 Corolla, 187, &c. Corpusculum, 257 Cortex, 63, 89, 150, &c. Cotton-wool, 35 Cotyledons, 211, 215, 225, 227, 257, 318 Cratcegus, flower of, 190 Cress, 491 Crucibulum, 461 Crystals, 93, 178, &c. Crystalloids, 225 Cucumber, seed of, 215 Cucurbita, chromoplasts ot, 199 ; sieve-tubes of, 113 Culture, of Fungi, 484 ; of spores ofMucor, 499 Cupric hydrate, 37 Cuticle, 63, 126, 131, &c. Cuticularized layers, 131 Cutting sections, 7 Cyanophycea?, 451 Cystidia, 460 Cystocarps, 379, 389 Cystoliths, 140 Cystopiis, 495 Dacryomyccs, 461 Dmdalca, 460 Dammar, 52 Damping off, 491 Dandelion, 118, 193 Date, endosperm of, 38, 221; germi- nation of, 228 540 INDEX Datura, 207 Davallia, stem of, 292 Dehiscence, of anther, 201 ; of sporangia, 310 ; of sporogonium, 353 Dermatogen, 81, 159, &c. Desmidiese, 447 Diaphragms, Hippuris, 111 Diatoniacese, 449 Dichotomy, 360, 393, 381 Dicotyledons, vegetative organs of, 54, &c. Digitalis, 208 Dimorphic flowers, 191 Dioecious plants, 189 Directions of section, 7 Discomycetes, 470 Disk florets, 192 Draccence, stem of, 169 Drawing, 20 Duramen, 100 Eau de javelle, 50 Ectoplasm, 28, 433 Egg-cell, see Ovum Elaters, 339, 376 Elder, pith of, 44 Elm, external characters of shoot, 88; stem of, 88-109 ; leaf-scar of, 143 Elodea, 34; stem of, 171; leaf of, 180 Embedding, 10 Embryo, mature, 215 ; of Maize, 218 ; development of, in Angio- sperms, 209 ; in Pinus, 257 ; in Selaginclla, 273 ; in Ferns, 317 Embryo-sac, 205, 255, &c. Embryonic cell, 210 Emergences, 145 Endodermis, 150, 181, 185, &c. ; see also Bundle-sheath Endoplasm, 28, 434 Endosperm, 212, 217 ; of Maize, 219 ; of Pinus, 257 Epidermis of Sunflower, 62, 127 ; of Holly, 131 ; of Elm, 90 ; of Maize, 162, 173 ; of Hyacinth, 174 ; of Pine, 245 ; of Selaginetta, 363 ; of Lycopodium, 273, 276, 282 ; of Fern, 307 ; of Equisetum, 332 Epipetalous stamens, 190 Epiphragm, 342 Epispore, 496 Epithelium of resin-passages, 72 Epithema, 141 Equisetinese, 325 Equisetum, 325-340 Ergot, 481 Eucalyptus, leaf of, 135 Euphorbia, laticiferous cells, 120 Eurotium, 484 Excipulum, 478 Exospore, 273 Exodermis, 180, 182, 185 Extension of internodes, 83 Extraction of embryo, 209 Extra-floral nectaries, 142 Fcgatella, 367 Female branches (Marchantia}, 372 Female cones, Pine, 254 Fertilization, 206, of Fern, 317 ; of Marchantia, 375 ; of Vaucheria, 432 ; of Fucus, 405 Ficus elastica, epidermis of leaf, 139 ; cystoliths of, 140 Fibrous cells or fibres, 104 Fibrous thickening of wall of anther, 201 Filament, 188 Filicinese, 187, &c. Floral receptacle, 187 Florets, 191 Floridese, 379 Flower, 187 ; origin and develop- ment of, 194 Foliar gap, 290 Foot, 273 ; of Fern, 317 Fritillaria, nectaries of, 199 ; ma- ture pollen of, 202 Fruticose Lichens, 475 Fuchsia, water stomata of, 141 Fucus, 91 Funaria, 346 ; sporogonium of, 351 Fungi, 453 Funiculus. 205 Gametangia, 435 Gametes, 428, 501 Gasteromycetes, 461 INDEX 541 Geaster, 461 Gelatinous Lichen, 475 Gelatinous sheath, Spirogyra, 443 Gemmae, 356, 368 ; of Mucor, 500 Geranium, see Pelargonium Germination, of Hclianthus, 225 ; of Maize, 227 ; of Pine, 258. Gills of Mushroom, 455 Glands, 142 Glandular epithelium, 143 Glandular hairs, 146 ; internal of Fern, 293 Globoid, 224 Globule of Ohara, 415 Glceocapsa, 452 Glycerine, 2, 26 ; permanent mount- ing in, 51 Glycerine jelly, 52 Gomphonema, 449 Gonidia of Lichens, 474 Gonidial layer, 474 Gonidiophore, 483 ; of M-ucor, 497 Gossypium, 35 Grape-sugar, 221 Graphis, 479 Ground-tissue, 293 Guard-cells of stoma, 127, 133, 175, 177, &c. Gymnosperms, 229 Gyncecium, 188 Hairs, various forms of, 145 Hakea, 140 Hardening, 4 Haustoria, 496 Hawthorn, flower of, 190 Hedera, resin-passages of, 72 Helianthus tuber osus, inulin of, 119 Hclianthus annuus (Sunflower), vegetative organs, 54 ; stem, 55 ; leaf, 122 ; root, 148 ; capitulum, 200 Hepatiae, 360 Hesperidin, 120 Heterocysts, 451, 475 Heteroecism, 467 Heteromerous Lichen, 474 Heterosporous type, of Lycopod, 261 ; of Fern, 319 Hilum, 44, 217 Himanthalia, 400 ffippuris, stem of, 110; apex of, 111 ; leaf of, 138; hair of, 146 Holly, leaf of, 130 Homoomerous Lichen, 475 Homosporous type, of Lycopod, 275 ; of Fern, 287 Hormogonia, 451 Horse-tail, 325 Hoy a, 141 Hyacinthus, protoplasm and nu- cleus, 42 ; raphides, 178 ; exter- nal conformation, 167 ; develop- ment of stoma, 177 ; leaf, 175 : root, 181 Hydnum, 460 Hydrocharis, 33 Hydrodictyon, 441 Hymenial layer, 459 Hymenium, of Mushroom, 459 ; of JEcidiumy 466 ; of Peziza, 471 ; of Lichen, 477 HymenophylloMce, stem of, 292 Hyphai, 345, &c. Hypoderma, 132, 245 Hypophysis, 210 Iberis, bundle-system of, 57 Iceland Moss, 479 Idioblasts, 132 Included starch-grains, 129 Indusium, 309 Inferior ovary, 192 Inflorescence", 187, 194 Initial cells, of Lycopodium, 283 ; of Marchantia, 367 ; ofFucus, 392 Integument, 205, 256 Intercalary growth, of Anthoceros, 378 ; of (Edogonium, 422 Intercellular spaces, 65, &c. Interfascicular cambium, 78 Internal glandular hairs of Fern, 293 Internal hairs of Pilularia, 321 Inulin, reactions of, 120 ; sphere- crystals of, 119 Involucre, 191 Iodine solution, 3, 26, 28 Iris, leaf of, 179 ; flowers of, 193 Irrigation, 15 542 INDEX Jerusalem Artichoke, 119 Jungermannia, 363, 367 Junipcrus, 230 Lacunar tissue, 264 Lamellae, of leaf of Moss, 341 ; of Mushroom, 256 Lamina, 124, &c. Laminaria, 406 Lateral buds (Equisctum\ 336 Lateral roots, 149 ; origin of, 151 ; of Maize, 183 ; of Pine, 248 Latex, reactions of, 118 Laticiferous cells 120 ; vessels, 118 Leaf-scar, 143 Leaf-sheath, Maize, 172 ; of Equi~ setum, 325, 336 Leaf-trace, 57-61 ; of Fern, 290 Leaves, origin of, 79 ; of Dicotyle- dons, 122 ; bifacial type of, 122 ; isobilateral type of, 134 ; centric type of, 136 ; aquatic type of, 138 ; of Monocotyledons, bifacial type, 172 ; isobilateral type, 179 ; aquatic type, 180 ; of Selaginclla, 268 ; of Lycopodium, 282 ; of Fern, 307 ; of Pilularia, 321 ; of Moss, 345 ; of Characese, 410 ; fall of leaf, 143 Lemanea, 386, 389 Leuticels, 93 Leontodon, see Dandelion Lepidium, 491 Leukoplasts, 220 Lichens, 473, &c. Lignified walls, reactions of, 38 Ligule, 172, 262 Lilac, apex of, 83 Lilium, 176 Lime, sieve tubes of, 116 Limiting layer of Fucus, 395 Linseed, 94 Linum, 94 Lunularia, 361 Lupinus luteus, 228 Lychnis, flower of, 189 Lycopcrdon, 461 Lycopodinae, 261 Lycopodium, 275, &c. Lysigenetic cavities, 331 Macrosporangia, 205, 255, 271, 326 Macrospores, 205, 271, 323 Macrozoospores, 426 Mahonia, 464 Maize, see Zea Male branches, Marchantia, 361, 369 Male inflorescence, Pine, 252 Male Shield Fern, 287; see Aspi- dium Manubrium, 415 Marchantia, 360, &c. Mares-tail, see Hippuris Marsh Marigold, 188 Marsilea, 320 ; sporocarp of, 324 Measurement of objects, 22 Mechanical strengthening, 140 Medulla, see Pith Medullary rays, Elm, 89, 98, 102, 105 ; of Pine, 236, 241, 242, 244 Medullary sheath, 89 Megalospora, 478 Meristem, 80, &c. Mesocarpus, 468 Mesophyll, 127 ; Maize, 174 ; Pine, 245 ; Lycopodium, 282 ; Fern, 308 Metzgeria, 367 Micrasterias, 448 Micrometer, 22 Micropyle, 205, 215, 255 Microscope, adjustment of, 16 Microsporangia, 200, 253, 271, 323 Microspores, 200, 253, 271, 323 Microtome, 9 Microzoospores, 426 Middle lamella, 38 Midrib, 124 Mirabilis, fruit of, 217 Monocotyledons, vegetative organs of, 161-186 Morchella, 471 Moss-plant, 341, &c. Mother-cells, of antherozoids or spermatozoids, 314, 347, 370 ; of pollen, 203 ; of spores, 311, &c. Mounting objects, 12 Mucilage-cells, Elm, 93 Mucilaginous walls, reactions of, 94 Mucor, 497 Mucorinese, 497 Multiple epidermis, 139 INDEX 543 Musci, 341 Mushroom, 453 Mycelium, of Mushroom, 453 ; of Puccinia, 463 ; of Aspcrgillus, 485 Ovuliferous scale, 254 Ovum of Angiosperms, 206 ; of Pine, 257 ; of Fern, 316 ; of Moss, 349 ; of Marchantia, 374 ; of Fucus, 404 Navicula, 449 Neck of archegonium, Fern, 316 ; of Moss, 349 Nectary, 142, 199 Nerves, 124 Neutral conceptacles, 396 Nitella, 34, 409, 414, 416, 417 Node, of Sunflower, 86 ; of Maize, 165.; of Equisetum, 329 Nostoc, 451, 475 Nucellus, 205, 256 Nuclear spindle, 85, 445 Nucleolus, 29, 449 Nucleus, 26, 28 ; division of, 85 Nucule, 476 Nutritive decoction of French Plums, 404 Octants of embryo, 210 (Edogonium, 421 Oil, 222 Oil of cloves, clearing by, 51 , 52 Oncidium, aerial roots of, 185 Oogonium, of Fucus, 402 ; of Cham, 416 ; of Coleochccte, 420 ; of (Edogo- nium, 423 ; of Vaucheria, 432 ; of Volvox, 438 ; of Pythium, 494 Oophyte, of Fern, 311 ; of Equise- tum, 340 ; of Moss, 341 ; of Mar- chantia, 360 Oosphere, see Ovum Oospore, of Coleochcete, 420 ; of (Edogonium, 423 ; of Vaucheria, 432 ; of Volvox, 438 ; of Pythium, 494 Operculum, 342, 352 Oranges, hesperidin of, 120 Oscillatoria, 452 Ostiole, of Polysiphonia, 390 ; of Fucus, 401 ; of Cetraria, 480 ; of Claviceps, 483 Ovary, 188, &c. Ovule, of Angiosperms, 205, &c., of Pine, 255, &c. Pceonia, 37 Paleaj, 287 Palisade parenchyma, 127 Pandorina, 439 Pcnicillium, 490 Pappus, 193 Paraffin, 11 Paraphyses, of Mosses, 347 ; of Laminaria, 408 ; of Agaricus, 459 ; of Peziza, 471 ; of Lichens 477 Parmelia, 473 Pelargonium, colouring of, 198 Pellia, 362, 365, 371, 377 Peltigera, 479 Peperomia, multiple eperdiinis of, 139 Perianth, 193 Periblem, 112, 159, 184, &c. Pericambium, see Pericycle Pericarp, 216, 217, 225 Pericentral cells, 382 Perichsetia, 340 Periclinal walls, 80, &c. Pericycle, 150, 181, 248, 250, 304 Periderm, 91 Peridium, 466 Perigonium, 340, 347 Perigynium, 376 Peristome, 342, 352, 355 Perithecium, 483, 487 Permanent mounting, 51 Peronospora, 495 Peronosporeae, 491 Pertusaria, 479 Petals, 187, fee. Petiole, 122 Peziza, 470 Phaophycese, 391 Phallus, 461 Phanerogamse, 54 Phaseolus, root of, 148 Phellogen, 91 544 INDEX Phloem, of Sunflower, 72 ; of Elm, 95 ; of Pine, 242 ; of Fern, 297, &c. Phloem-parenchyma, 72, 95, 242 Phloem-sheath, 264, 295, 299, &c. Phyllodadus, 230 Phyllode of Acacia, 134 Phytophthora, 496 Pileus, 455 Piliferous layer, 150, 180 Pillwort, 319 Pilobolua, 499 Pilularia globulifera, 319 Pinnularia, 449 Pinus sylvestris, 229, &c. Pit-membranes, 214, 238, 382 Pith, of Sunflower, 63, 75 ; of Elm, 89 ; of Rosa or Rubus, 97 ; of Pine, 232 ; of Fern, 289 Pits, bordered, 237, 240, &c. Pitted vessels, 74, 103 Plasmolysis, 31 Plerome, 112, 159, 184, 211 Pleurococcus, 440 Plugs in pollen-tubes, 208 Plumule, 211, 215 Poinsettia, glands of, 142 Pollen, 201, 253 Pollen-grains, germination of, 202 Pollen-mother-cells, 203 Pollen-sacs, 200, 253 Pollen-tube, 202, 207, 256 Pollinodium, 488 Polyembryony, 258 Polyporus, 460 Polysiphonia, 379 Polytrichum, 341 Pores of Sphagnum, 258 Potamogeton, endosperm of, 213 Potash solution, 2, 29 ; clearing by, 49 Potato, crystalloids of, 225 ; starch of, 44 Preservation of material, 4 Primary root, 148 Primary tapetal layer, 203 Primordial utricle, 43 Primrose (Primula}, flower of, 190 Procambium, 81 Proembryo, 417 Promycelium, 463 Prothallus of Fern, 30, 311 Protonema of Moss, 356 Protophloem, 295 Protoplasm, 26, 28 ; continuity of, 213 ; movements of, 33 Protoxylem, 103, 182, 233, 297, 299, &c. Prunus, glands of, 142 Prunus Padus, flowers of, 189 Pseudopodium, 359 Pteridophyta, 261, &c. Pteris, stem, 298 Ptilota, 385 Puccinia, 462, &c. Pulvinus, 123 Punctum vegetationis, see Apex. Pyrenoids, of Spirogyra, 444 ; of Closterium, 447 Pyrenomycetes, 481 Pythium, 491 Radicle, 211, 215, &c. Rameuta, 287 Ranunculus, flower of, 187 Raphe, 205 Raphides, 178 Ray-florets, 191 Razor, 8 Reagents, 2, and Appendix A. Reduced vascular bundles, of Hip- puris, 110; of Elodea, 171 Reproductive organs, of Angio- sperms, 187 ; of Gymnospenns, 252 Resin, reactions of, 65 Resin-passages, 65, 233, &c. Resting conidia, 493 Rhizines, 473 Rhizogenic cells, 304 Ehizoids, 341, 361, &c. Rhizome, of Pteris, 298 ; of Pilu- laria, 319 Rhizophores, 262, 267 Rhododendron, style and stigma of, 208 Riccia, 62 Ricinus, aleurone-grains of, 223 ; endosperm of, 216 ; seed of, 73 ; seedlings of, 226 ; interfascicular cambium of, 79 INDEX 545 Ring of sporangium, 310 Ripe seed (Pine), 258 Robinia, thyloses of, 75 Root of Dicotyledons, 148 ; of Monocotyledons, 180 ; of Pine, 247 ; of "Taxus, 250 ; of Selagi- nella, 268 ; of Lycopodium, 283 ; of Fern, 303 ; of Equisetum, 337 Root, apex of, 157, 183, 251, 306, &c. Root-cap, 159, 185, 251, 307, &c. Root-hairs, 33, 150, 182, 250, &c. Root, secondary thickening of, 152, 249 Rosa, pith of, 97 Rose Campion, flower of, 189 Rotation of protoplasm, 33, 414 Rubus, pith of, 97 Rudimentary gynoecium and sta- mens, 189 Ruscus, 37 Russula, 500 Rust of Wheat, 462 Rye, Ergot of, 481 Salt solution, 3, 26, 29, 31 Saxtfraga, chalk -glands of, 142 Scalariform tracheides, 267, 297 Scales of bulb, Hyacinth, 167 Scale-hairs, 146 Scale-leaves, Pine, 229 Scape of Hyacinth, 167 Schulze's solution, see Chlor-zinc- iodine Schulze's macerating fluid, 104 Scilla (Blue- bell), flower of, 193 Sclerenchyma, of Sunflower, 67, 72 ; of Elm, 95 ; of Cucurbita, 113 ; distribution of, 140 ; of Maize, 161 ; in leaf, 173 ; of Lycopodium, 276; of Ferns, 289, 293, 296, 298 ; of Moss, 343 Sclcrotium, 481 Scutellum, 227 Secondary thickening, of stem, 97, 169, 230 ; of root, 153, 248 ; of Monocotyledons, 169 ; of Lamin- aria, 407 Sedum, leaf of, 136 Seed coat, 215 Seed, of Dicotyledons, 215 ; of Pine, 258 Segmental cells, 302, 307 Selaginella, 261, &c. Seta, 342, 350, &c. Sexual organs, of Ferns, 313 ; of Mosses, 347 ; of Liverworts, 369, &c. ; of Charace3e,410; of Floridea?, 387; ofFucus, 301; of Vaucheria, 431 ; of Volwx, 439 ; Lichens, 479 ; of Pythium, 494 Sieve-plates, see sieve-tubes Sieve-tubes, Sunflower, 68, 72 ; of Elm, 102 ; of Cucurbita, 113 ; of Tilia, 116; of Maize, 164; of Pine, 236, 242 ; of Ferns, 295, &c., of Equisetum, 384 Silica-skeletons, 90, 333 Silicified cell-walls, 90 Siphonese, 429 Soft-bast, see Phloem Soredia, 476 Sori, 309 Spawn of Mushroom, 453 Special-mother-cells, 204 Spermatia, 480, 388 Spermatozoids of Fern, 314 ; of Moss, 347 ; of Fucus, 403 ; of Chara, 415 ; of Faucheria, 432, &c. Spermogonia, 467, 479 Sphacelia, 483 Sphagnum, 357 Sphere-crystals of inulin, 120 Spindle-threads, 85 Spiral vessels, of Sunflower, 74 ; of Elm, 103 Spirogyra, 27, 442 Spongy parenchyma, 127, 132, &c. Sporangium of Selaginella, 270 ; of Lycopodium, 284 ; of Fern, 309 ; of Pilularia, 322 ; of Equisetum, 338 ; of Laminaria, 408 ; of Mucor, 498 ; of Sporodinia, 501 Spores, of Selaginella, 271 ; of Lycopodium, 284 ; of Fern, 309 ; of Equisetum, ,339 ; of Moss, 353 ; of Marchantia, 376 ; of Mush- room, 459 ; of Peziza, 471 ; of Lichens, 477 ; of Claviceps, 483 ; of Mucor, 498 N N 546 INDEX Spore-mother-cells, 272, 286, 311, 352, &c. Spore-sac (Moss), 352 Sporidium, 464 Sporocarp, Pilularia, 322 Sporodinia, 500 Sporogonium, of Moss, 350 ; of Sphagnum, 359 ; of Marchantia, 361, 376 ; of Anthoceros, 378 Sporophyte, of Selaginella, 260 ; of Lycopodium, 275 ; of Fern, 287 ; of Equisetum, 325 Spruce Fir, 229 Spurious tissue, 457 Stachys, bundle system of, 57, 59 Staining, 48 Stamen, 188, 200 Starch, structure and reactions of, 44 ; optical properties of, 47 Starch-forming corpuscles, 220 Stellaria, flower of, 188 ; pollen- tubes of, 206 Stem, herbaceous Dicotyledon, 55 ; arboreous Dicotyledon, 88 ; aqua- tie Dicotyledon, 110 ; Monoco- tyledons, 161 ; of Pine, 232 ; of Lycopodium, 275 ; of Selaginella, 261; of Fern, 292; -of Equi- setum, 327 ; of Moss, 342 ; of Sphagnum, 357 Sterigmata, 459, 464, 467, 486 Stigma, 207 Stinging hairs, 145 Stipe, 455, 456 Stichwort, flower of, 188 Stomata, 127, 133, &c. ; of Maize, 172 ; of Hyacinth, development of, 177 : of leaf of Maize, 173 ; of Hyacinth, 175 ; of Lilium, 176 ; closing of, 176 ; of Pine, 246 ; of Selaginella, 268 ; of Lycopodium, 282 ; of Fern, 309 ; of Equisetum, 333 ; of Moss, 352 ; of Mar- chantia, 363 Stratification of cell-walls, 40 Striation of cell-walls, 40 Stroma, 482 Strychnos, 214 Style, 207 Subsidiary cells, 137, 175, 333 Sub-hymeneal layer, 459 Sugar, 221 Sunflower, see Helianthus Suppression, 189 Suspensor, 210, 211, 257 ; of Sporo- dinia, 501 Suture of carpel, 205 Swarm spores, 420, 423 Sympodium, 360, 393 Synergidse, 206 Syngenesious stamens, 192 Syzygites, 500 Tapetum, 203, 206, 272, 285, 311 Taraxacum, 118, 193 Taxus, leaves of, 247 ; root of, 250 ; reproductive organs of, 259 Teleutospores, 463, 469 Tetraspores, 387 Thallophyta, 379 Theca, 342, 352 Thuja, leaves of, 230 Thy loses, 75 Tilia, sieve-tubes of, 116 Tomata, chromoplasts of, 19& Torula, 500 Trabeculse, 264 Trabecular tissue, 397 Tracheides, of Pine, 237, &c. Xylem fibres, 96, &c. Xylem parenchyma, 96, &c. Yucca, stem of, 169 Zea, fruit of, 218 ; germination of, 227 ; stem of, 161 ; apex of, 166 ; leaf of, 172 ; root of, 180 ; apex of root, 183 Zoogonidia, 433 Zoosporan^ia, 494 Zoospores, of Ulothrix, 426 ; of Pythium, 494 ; of Cystopus, 496 Zy gnema, 442 Zygospores, of Ulotlirix, 426 ; of tiporodinia, 500, 501 Zygote, of Closterium, 448 ; of tipirogyra, 446 ; of Sporodinia, 501 THE END RICHARD CLAY AND SOIfS, LIMITED. LONDON AND BUN GAY. THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW CENTS AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. BIOLOGY LIBRARY OCT 23 1932 LD 21-8m-6,'32 U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES 1) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY. 