Flora of Vermont. List of ferns and seed plants growing without cultivation
Ui<.^] r iL^ LIBRARY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAl: GARD^ BRONX. NEW YORK 10468 UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT AND STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE VERMONT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION BURLINGTON. VT. BULLETIN NO. 187 APRIL, 1915 Flora of Vermont _ . .^^^ List of Ferns and Seed Plants growing without Cultivation '0^ Prepared by Vermont Botanical Clubl:^' -^^r."--.- X ^ -.,.--■■:., ^0- '933 0 Xl/^RAT^'i BURLINGTON, VT. : /^-iOy!^ kT i'p m^, Free Press Printing Compan/^'^^v ~ " '^J\\ .<^OE«l/^ 1915. I AUb -LO ^^^^ AUG 16 1933 ^ BOARD OF CONTROL Pees. G. P. BENTON, ex-offlcio, Burlington. Hon. E. J. ORMSBEE, Brandon. Hon. N. K. CHAFFEE, Rutlanri. OFFICERS OF THE STATION J. L. HILLS, Director. F. A. RICH, Veterinarian. C. H. JONES, Chemist. A. F. HA WES, (State Forester), Forester. M. B. CUMMINGS, Horticulturist. B. F. LUTMAN, Plant Pathologist. G. P. BURNS, Botanist. A. A. BORLAND, Animal and Dairy Husbandman. G. C. CUNNINGHAM, Associate Plant Pathologist. H. F. JOHNSON, Assistant Animal Husbandman. A. K. PEITERSEN, Assistant Botanist. JENNIE L. ROWELL, Assistant Chemist. C. G. WILLIAMSON, Assistant Chemist. GEO. ANDERSON, Assistant Chemist. W. C. STONE, Assistant Horticulturist. W. P. HAMMOND, Expert in Horse Breeding.* STANLEY HARGREAVES, Gardener. C. P. SMITH, Treasurer. ts" Copies of the reports and bulletins of the Station are sent free of charge to any address upon application. a®" Address all communications not to individual officers but to the Experiment Station, Burlington, Vt. Director's and State Forester's offices, chemical, horticultural and dairy laboratories are in Morrill Hall at the head of Main street; botanical and bacteriological laboratories are at Williams Science Hall, University Place; veterinary laboratories are at 499 Main street. University farm and buildings are on the Williston road, adjoining the University grounds on the east. *In cooperation with Bu. An. Ind., U. S. Dept. Agr. BULLETIN 187: FLORA OF VERMONT List of Ferns and Seed Plants Growing Without Cultivation Prepared by Vermont Botanical Club INTRODUCTION The Vermont Botanical Club issued their first edition of the State Flora in 1900. During the fifteen years that have since elapsed there has been marked botanical activity, not only among the members of the Vermont Club, but among professional students of the northeastern United States. The two standard manuals for this region — the Gray Manual and the Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora — have during this period appeared in carefully revised editions, that present many addi- tional species and numerous changes in nomenclature. Some four years ago the Vermont Botanical Club appointed a com- mittee to prepare a revised edition of the State Flora, consisting of W. W. Eggleston of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C, George L. Kirk of Rutland, and J. G. Underwood of Hartland. These gentlemen have labored with diligence and enthusiasm, and have had the cooperation of the active members of the Club. The result of their labors is presented in this new edition of the Vermont Flora. A special efifort has been made to report with more thoroughness the distribution of plants in eastern Vermont. When the former edi- tion was prepared there was no working botanist in that part of the State. The editors were dependent for information chiefly upon the herbarium of Mr. C. C. Frost of Brattleboro (who died in 1880) and upon Prof. Henry G. Jesup's Catalogue of Flowering Plants found within thirty miles of Hanover, N. H., covering a tract fully half of which is in Vermont. As an indication of the help that has since come to hand may be mentioned : 1. The herbarium of Dr. F. Blanchard, now in the Fairbanks' Museum. 2. A list of plants found in eastern Vermont l)y Mr. W. IT. Blanchard. 3. A similar list prepared by the Hartland Nature Club. 4. A list prepared by Mrs. Mack and Miss Strong of Woodstock. 5. A list of the West River Valley plants by Lester A. Wheeler of Townshend. 6. The plants of St. Johnsbury and vicinity by Miss Bridget M. Rooney. Also for northern Vermont invaluable aid has been given liy the ad- mirable reports on the Flora of Willoughby by Dr. Geo. G. Kennedy (Rhodora 6: 91-134, June, 1904), and on the Flora of Burlington and 140 Bulletin 187 vicinity in 1911 by Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn. Other botanists from with- out the State have found the Green Mountains attractive hunting ground for rare plants, and have published lists that have been of great assistance in the preparation of the new edition. To these and to all helpers, whether lovers of plant life in Vermont or members of the goodly fraternity of professional botanists, the committee would gratefully acknowledge their indebtedness. In the present catalogue all names of species, varieties, and formae are printed in boldface type ; and for two special reasons this list follows the nomenclature of the revised Gray Manual. First, the great majority of the members of the Vermont Botanical Club use this manual, as more convenient to handle and less expensive than the Illustrated Flora ; and secondly, the committee believe, that, what- ever might be their personal opinion when these two authorities differ regarding the proper name for a species, it would be confusing and obtrusive to follow now the one authority and now the other. They therefore decided to continue the practice adopted in the former edition, and when the two authorities give different names, to print after the Gray Manual name the Britton and Brown name in paren- thesis, and to include all such synonyms in the index. Unfortunately these synonyms, as may be seen by comparing the two editions of the Vermont Flora, are far more numerous in the second edition than in the first ; so that the proposed efforts at uniformity have not as yet met with marked success. The synonymy has also been largely increased along a different line — by the free introduction of English names, in accordance with the growing practice of all our manuals. The greatly diminished study of Greek and Latin even in our universities, and the keen popular interest in the study of Natural History have made the old techncal names of species to many meaningless and embarrassing; and the demand for "English names," in spite of their frequent am- biguity— it would seem — must needs be met. From these two causes the synonyms in the index have been more than doubled. But the technical names printed in darker type have also been increased from t^vo causes : — First, more careful and extended ex- plorations have disclosed forms of plant life in Vermont not before recognized ; and secondly, our expert authorities, especially in New England, have become more keen-sighted and more disposed to dis- tinguish, as species or varieties, forms that before had passed under one name. In these two wavs alone the total number of names of Flora of Vermont 141 species, varieties, forms and hybrids (barring all synonyms) has been increased from 1,563 in the former edition to 2,006 in the present edition. For the Pteridophyta (the Ferns and their Allies), and for the three largest families and seven of the more critical genera of Seed-plants we obtain the following instructive record : — NUMBER OF NAMES IN THE LIST OF 1915, OF 1900 ''"oC^nt. SPECIES* VAR. SUB.VAR. HYBRIDS TOTAL TOTAL INCREASE All Families 1,694 130 133 65 2,022 1,562 291/3 Pterodophyta ... 73 10 29 16 128 81 58 Cyperacese 162 37 17 3 219 192 14 Compositse 181 13 29 1 224 171 31 Graminai 151 7 7 0 165 130 27 Carex Ill 35 8 3 157 135 16 Crat^gus 28 5 11 0 44 7 528'/^ Viola 23 2 0 16 41 16 156 Rubus 17 1 0 15 33 16 106 Panicum 27t 1 0 0 28 19 47 Scirpus 22 1 6 0 29 20 45 Juncus 19 6 0 0 25 15 67 ♦When a species is represented in the State by a variety only, it is counted as a species and not as a variety. flncluding three species transferred to Digitaria and Echinochloa. In the edition of 1900 three "Supplementary Lists" were given of plants reported in earlier Vermont catalogues, but omitted because no corroborative specimens could be found. It was anticipated that many of these species would be rediscovered ; and so it has proved. In such cases the names have been inserted in the present edition ; and as these lists have largely served their purpose, they are not re- published. But an interesting paper might be written on the tasks undertaken to release certain of these species from the purgatory into which they were thrust by the compilers of the list published in 1900. One other supplementary list in our last edition calls for a brief comment — a list, largely conjectural, of plants that have been intro- duced into Vermont from other parts of the United Sates. There is no practical difficulty in distinguishing, for a region as large as that covered by the Gray Manual, plants that are indigenous from those that have come in through man's agency from Eurasia or tropical America — those whose names are printed in the Gray Manual with small capitals. But it is a dififerent problem to separate, for a region as small as Vermont, plants indigenous to the State from those that have been introduced from without. In some instances there can 142 Bulletin 187 be no reasonable doubt that the species has been recently naturalized from another State. The common Locust (Robinia Pseudo-Acacia), the greenhouse and garden pest Oralis repens, the three species of Phlox — P. paniculata, P. stolonifera, and P. suhulata — are examples ; and a score or more might be cited. But one familiar with the locali- ties in which such species occur, as Myosotis arvensis, Chenopodium capitatum, Mhnuliis moschatus, may not say with confidence that they have in all instances been introduced into Vermont. The solution of such a problem must be deferred, at least till our knowledge of the distribution of the species and of its constant environment is well nigh complete. The publication of the revised Flora is made under the auspices of the Vermont Experiment Station, and under the direction of Dr. George P. Burns, Secretary of the Vermont Botanical Club, and Pro- fessor of Botany in the University of Vermont. Much of the edi- torial work has been in charge of Mrs. Nellie F. Flynn of Burlington, and Dr. Brainerd has assisted in the proof-reading and in the prepara- tion of the index. For a clear understanding of the text the following explanations should be kept in mind. 1. All preferred names of species and varieties are printed in boldface type, including foreign plants, or those not indigenous to the territor}^ covered by the Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora or the Gray Manual. These foreign plants, however, are designated in the Vermont Flora by an asterisk placed after the specific or varietal name. 2. After the name in boldface type is given in parenthesis any synonym preferred by Dr. Britton in the Illustrated Flora, and in some instances a synonym that was used in the previous edition of the Vermont Flora. 3. In indicating the degree of frequency of occurrence, tour ad- jectives have been used with a careful attempt at precision, namely, "common," "frequent," "occasional," "rare." In each case this state- ment regarding frequency is to be associated with the accompanying statement regarding habita — thus "sandy soil, common" means com- mon on sandy soils ; and such a plant may be rare in other habitats. Where they are abundant in such stations the word "local" has been oreferred. In cases where but five stations or less were known, there have been enumerated, the name of the collector following in paren- thesis. Flora of Vermont 143 4. The usage of the Gray Manual has been observed in giving a separate paragraph or hne to a marked variety ; while a subordinate variety or a form has been noted in the same paragraph with the type. 5. When a hybrid has received a special name, that name has been first given in the list, preceded by the sign x and followed in parenthesis by the usual formula indicating the accredited parentage of the hybrid. Only 65 spontaneous hybrids have been listed for \'"ermont. EZRA BRAINERD, President of the Vermont Botanical Club. INDEX Abies, 161 Abutilon, 225 Acalypha, 222 ACANTHACE^, 245 Acer, 223 ACERACE^, 223 Achillea, 249 Acnida, 197 Acorus, 182 Actaea, 201 Adam-and-Eve, 186 Adder's Mouth, 189 Tongue, 159 Adiantum, 155 Adlumia, 204 ^sculus, 224 Agalinis, 243 Agastache, 239 Agrimonia, 210 Agrimony, 210 Agropyron, 165 Agrostemma, 198 Agrostis, 165 Aira, 170 AizoACE^, 198 Ajuga, 239 Alder, 191 Alfalfa, 219 Alisma, 164 Alismace.e, 164 Alleghany Vine, 204 Alliaria, 205 Allionia, 198 Allium, 184 Alnus, 191 Alopecurus, 165 Alsine, 200 Amaranth, 197 Amaranthace.e, 197 Amaranthus, 197 Ambrosia, 249 Amelanchier, 210 American Ivy, 224 Ammophila, 165 Amorpha, 217 Amphicarpa, 217 Anacardiace^, 222 Anagallis, 234 Anaphalis, 249 Anchistea, 158 Andromeda, 231 Andropogon, 166, 172 Anemone, 201 Anemonella, 202 Angelica, 230 Anise-root, 230 Antennaria, 249 Anthemis, 250 Anthoxanthum, 166 Anticlea, 186 Antiphylla, 210 Anychia, 198 Apargia, 256 Apios, 217 Aplectrum, 186 Apocynace^, 236 Apocynum, 236 Apple, 215 Apple of Peru, 242 Aquifoliace.e, 223 Aquilegia, 202 Arabidopsis, 206 Arabis, 205 Arace.e, 182 Aralia, 229 Araliace.^, 229 Arbor Vitas, 162 Arceuthobium, 195 Arctium, 250 Arctostaphylos, 231 Arenaria, 198 Arethusa, 187 Argemone, 204 Argentina, 213 Arisaema, 182 Aristida, 166 Aristolochiace.e, 195 Armoracia, 207 Aronia, 214 Arrhenatherum, 166 Arrow Arum, 182 Arrow-head, 164 Arrow-wood, 248 Artemisia, 250 Asarum, 195 ASCUEPIADACE.E, 236 Asclepias, 236 Ash, 235 Asparagus, 184 Aspen, 189 Aspidium, 155 Asplenium, 156 Asprella, 169 Aster, 250 Astragalus, 217 Atragene, 202 Atriplex, 197 Avena, 166, 170 Avens, 213 Awlwort, 208 Azalea, 233 Baby's Breath, 199, 246 Bachelor's Button, 252 Balm of Gilead, 189 Balsam, 224 Balsam Fir, 161 Balsaminace^e, 224 Baneberry, 201 Bank Cress, 208 Baptisia, 218 Barbarea, 205 Barberry, 204 Barley, 169 Barnyard Grass, 168 Barren Strawberry, 217 Bartonia, 235 Basil, 240, 241 Basswood, 225 Bastard Pennyroyal, 241 Toad Flax, 194 Batrachium, 202 Beach Grass, 165 Pea, 218 Beak Rush, 180 Bearberry, 231 Beard Grass, 166 Tongue, 244 Beaver Poison, 230 Bedstraw, 246 Bee Balm, 240 Beech, 193 Beech-drops, 245 Beech Fern, 157 Beggar's Lice, 238 Beggar-ticks, 252 Bellflower, 248 Bellwort, 186 Bent Grass, 165 Benzoin, 204 Berberidace^e, 204 Berberis, 204 Berteroa, 205 Betula, 192 Betulace.e, 191 Bidens, 252 Bikukulla, 205 Bilberry, 233, 234 Bindweed, 236 Birch, 192 Bird's-eye, 244 Birth-root, 186 Bishop's Cap, 209 Bistorta, 196 Bitter Cress, 206 Bitter-nut, 191 Bittersweet, 242 Black Alder, 223 Blackberry, 215 Black Bindweed, 196 Black-eyed Susan, 256 Black Gum, 231 Snakeroot, 230 Swallow-wort, 236 Bladder Fern, 157 Ketmia, 225 Nut, 223 Bladderwort, 245 Blephariglottis, 188 Blephilia, 239 146 Bulletin 187 Blitum, 197 Blood-root, 204 Blue Beech, 192 Bluebell, 249 Bluebells, 238 Blueberry, 233 Bluebottle, 252 Blue Cohosh, 204 Curls, 241 Devil, 238 Blue-eyed Grass, 186 Blue Flag, 186 Bluejoint Grass, 167 Blue Myrtle, 236 Sailors, 253 Bluets, 246 Blue-weed, 238 Boebera, 253 Boehmeria, 193 Bog Bean. 235 Rush, 183 Boneset, 254 Boraginaceoe, 237 Botrychium, 159 Bottle-brush Grass, 169 Bottle Grass, 172 Bouncing Bet, 199 Box Elder, 223 Brachyeletrum, 166 Brake, 158 Bramble, 215 Brasenia, 201 Brassica, 205 Braya, 206 Briza, 166 Brome Grass, 166 Bromus, 166 Brook Cress, 206 Brook-weed, 234 Broom-rape, 245 Brunella, 240 Buckbean, 235 Buckeye, 224 Buckthorn, 224 Buckwheat, 195 Buffalo Bur, 242 Bugle Weed, 239 Bull Thistle, 253 Bulrush, 180 Bunch-berry, 231 Bur Clover, 219 Cucumber, 248 Burdock, 250 Bur Marigold, 252 Burnet, 217 Bur-reed. 162 Bursa, 206 Bush Clover, 219 Honeysuckle, 247 Butter and Eggs, 243 Buttercup, 202 Butterfly-weed, 236 Butternut, 191 Butterwort, 244 Button-bush, 246 Buttonwood, 210 Calamagrostis, 167 Calamint, 241 Calamus, 182 Calico Bush, 232 California Rose, 236 Calla, 182 CAIjLITRICHAt'Ey-E, 222 Callitriche, 222 Calopogon, 187 Caltha, 202 Calypso, 187 Camelina, 206 Campanula, 248 Campanulace^, 248, Campion, 199, 200 Camptosorus, 157 Canary Grass, 171 Cancer-root, 245 Cannabis, 193 Capnoides, 205 Capparidace.^, 208 Capeifoliace^, 247 Capsella, 206 Caraway, 230 Cardamine, 206 Cardinal-flower, 249 Carduus, 252 Carex, 173 Carpet-weed, 198 Carpinus, 192 Carrion-flower, 185 Carrot, 230 Carum, 230 Carya, 191 Caryophyllace^, 198 Cassandra, 231 Cassia, 218 Castalia, 201 Castanea, 192 Castilleja, 242 Catchfly, 200 Cathartolinum, 220 Catmint, 240 Catnip, 240 Cat-tail, 162 Caulophyllum, 204 Ceanothus, 224 Celandine, 204 Celastrace^, 223 Celastrus, 223 Celtis, 193 Cenchrus, 167 Centaurea, 252 Cephalanthus, 246 Cerastium, 199 Ceratophyllace^, 201 Ceratophyllum, 201 Chaenorrhinum, 243 Chastochloa, 172 Chain Fern, 158 Chamsedaphne, 231 Chamsenerion, 228 Chamsepericlymenum, 231 Chamsesyce, 222 Chamomile, 250 Charlock, 206 Checkerberry, 232 Cheeses, 225 Cheirinia, 207 Chelidonium, 204 Chelone, 242 Chengpodiac'e.^':, 197 Chenopodium, 197 Cherry, 214 Chess, 166 Chestnut, 192 Chick-pea. 218 Chickweed, 200 Chicory, 253 Chimaphila, 231 Chiogenes, 232 Chives, 184 Chokeberry, 214, 215 Choke Cherry, 214 Chondrosea, 210 Christmas Fern, 158 Chrysanthemum, 253 Chrysopogon, 172 Chrysosplenium, 208 Cicer, 218 Cichorium, 253 Cicuta, 230 Cinna, 167 Cinquefoil, 213 Circsja, 228 Cirsium, 253 Cistace^, 226 Cladium, 179 Clammy Weed, 208 Claytonia, 200 Clearweed, 194 Cleavers, 246 Clematis, 202 Cliff Brake, 157 Climbing Bittersweet, 223 Fumitory, 204 Clinopodium, 241 Clintonia, 184 Clover, 220 Club Moss, 160 Rush, 180 Cocklebur, 258 Cockspur Thorn, 211 Coelogossum, 188 Cohosh, 201 Collinsonia, 239 Collomia, 237 Coltsfoot, 258 Columbine, 202 Comandra, 194 Comarum, 214 Comfrey, 238 Commelina, 183 commelixacete, 183 Composite, 249 Comptonia. 191 Cone-flower, 256 Conioselinum, 230 Conium, 230 Conopholis, 245 Flora of Vermont 147 Conringia, 206 Convallaria, 184 CONVOLVULACE^, 236 Convolvulus, 236 Coptls, 202 Corallorhlza, 187 Coral Root, 187 Cord Grass, 172 COKNACE^, 231 Corn Cockle, 198 Cornel, 231 Corn-flower, 252 Cornus, 231 Coronilla, 218 Corpse Plant, 232 Corydalis, 205 Corylus, 192 Cotton-grass, 180 Cotton Thistle, 256 Cottonwood, 190 Couch Grass, 165 Cowbane, 230 Cow-herb, 200 Cow Parsnip, 230 Cowslip, 234 Cowslips, 202 Cow Wheat, 243 Crab-grass, 168 Cranberry, 233 Cranberry-tree, 248 Cranesbill, 221 Ckassulace.e, 209 Crataegus, 211 Creeping Snowberry, 232 Crepis, 253 Crinkle-root, 206 Crocanthemum, 226 Crotalaria, 218 Crowberry, 222 Crowfoot, 202 Crown Vetch, 218 Crucifer.^, 205 Cryptogramma, 157 Cryptotasnia, 230 Cuckoo Flower, 206 CUCUBBITACE.^, 248 Cudweed, 254 Cup Plant, 257 Curled Thistle, 252 Currant, 209 Cuscuta, 237 Cut Grass, 169 Cynanchum, 236 Cynoglossum, 237 Cynoxylon, 231 Cynthia, 255 Cyperace^, 173 Cyperus, 179 Cypripedium, 187 Cystopteris, 157 Cytherea, 187 Dactylis, 167 Dalibarda, 213 Dame's Violet, 207 Dandelion, 258 Danthonia, 167 Daphne, 227 Darnel, 170 Dasiphora, 214 Dasystephana, 235 Dasystoma, 243 Datura, 241 Daucus, 230 Day-flower, 183 Day Lily, 185 Dead Nettle, 239 Decodon, 228 Deer-grass, 228 Delphinium, 202 Dennstasdtia, 157 Dentaria, 206 Deringa, 230 Deschampsia, 167 Desmodium, 218 Devil's Paintbrush, 255 Dewberry, 216 Dianthera, 245 Dianthus, 199 Diapensia, 234 DlAPENSIACE^, 234 Dicentra, 205 Dicksonia, 157 Diervila, 247 Digitaria, 167 DipsACACE^, 248 Dipsacus, 248 Dirca, 227 Ditch Stonecrop, 209 Dock, 196 Dockmackie, 248 Dodder, 237 Doellingeria, 252 Dogbane, 236 Dog Fennel, 250 Dogwood, 231 Downy Bergamot, 240 Draba, 206 Dracocephalum, 240 Drop-seed Grass, 170 Drosera, 208 Droserace^, 208 Dryopteris, 155 Duckweed, 182 Dulichium, 179 Dusty Miller, 250 Dutchman's Breeches, 205 Dwarf Alder, 224 Dandelion, 255 Mistletoe, 195 Dyer's Roeket, 208 Dyssodia, 253 Eatonia, 172 Ebony Spleenwort, 156 Echinochloa, 168 Echinocystis, 248 Echium, 138 Eel-grass, 165 El^agnace^, 228 Elder, 247 Elderberry, 247 Elecampane, 255 Eleocharis, 180 Elm, 194 Elodea, 165 Elymus, 168 Empetrace^, 222 Empetrum, 222 Enchanter's Night- shade, 228 Epifagus, 245 Epigaja, 232 Epilobium, 228 Epipactis, 187 Equisetace^, 159 Equisetum, 159 Eragrostis, 168 Erechtites, 253 Ericace^, 231 Erigeron, 253 Eriocaulace^, 182 Eriocaulon, 182 Eriophorum, 180 Erodium, 221 Eruca, 207 Erucastrum, 207 Erysimum, 207 Erythronium, 185 Eupatorium, 254 Euphorbia, 222 EUPHORBIACE^, 222 Euthamia, 257 Evening Primrose, 229 Everlasting, 249, 254 Everlasting Pea, 218 Fagace^, 192 Fagopyrum, 195 ' Fagus, 193 Falcata, 217 Fall Dandelion, 256 False Asphodel, 186 Dragon Head, 240 Flax, 206 Foxglove, 243 Heather, 226 Hellebore, 186 Indigo, 218 Loosestrife, 228 Mermaid, 222 Miterwort, 210 Nettle, 193 Pennyroyal, 239 Pimpernel, 243 Red Top, 172 Solomon's Seal, 185 Spikenard, 185 Fen Orchis, 188 Fescue, Grass, 108 Festuca, 168 Fetid Marigold, 253 Fever Bush, 204 Feverwort, 247 Field Cress, 207 Madder, 247 Figwort, 244 Filipendula, 213 148 Bulletin 187 Pilix, 157 Fimbristylis, 180 Finger Grass, 167 Fireweed, 253 Five-finger, 213 Flax, 220 Fleabane, 253 Fleur-de-lis, 186 Floating Heart, 236 Floerkea, 222 Flowering Fern, 158 Sage, 239 Wintergreen, 221 Forget-me-not, 238 Forked Catchfly, 200 Chickweed, 198 Fowl Meadow Grass, 169, 172 Foxtail, 172 Foxtail Grass, 165 Fragaria, 213 Fragrant Fern, 155 Fraxinus, 235 Fringed Orchis, 187 Frostweed, 226 Fumaria, 205 FUMAEIACE^, 204 Fumitory, 205 Galeopsis, 239 Galeorchis, 189 Galingale, 179 Galinsoga, 254 Galium, 246 Gall-of-the-Earth, 256 Garden Heliotrope, 248 Garden-weed, 239 Garlic Mustard, 205 Gaultheria, 232 Gaylussacia, 232 Gentian, 235 Gentiana, 235 Gentiakace^, 235 Gekaniace.«, 221 Geranium, 221 Gerardia, 243 Germander, 241 Geum, 213 Giant Hyssop, 239 Gilia, 237 Ginseng, 229 Glecoma, 240 Glycine, 217 Glyceria, 169 Gnaphalium, 254 Goat's Beard, 258 Goldenrod, 257 Golden Alexanders, 231 Saxifrage, 209 Golden-seal, 202 Goldthread, 202 Goodyera, 187 Gooseberry, 209 Goosefoot, 197 Goose Grass, 246 Gramin.^j;, 165 Grape, 225 Grape Fern, 159 Graphephorum, 173 Grass-of-Parnassus, 209 Grass Pink, 187 Gratiola, 243 Great Laurel, 233 Greek Valerian, 237 Green Dragon, 182 Gromwell, 238 Ground Cherry, 242 Hemlock, 161 Ivy, 240 Laurel, 232 Ground-nut, 217, 229 Ground Pine, 160 Pink, 237 Groundsel, 256 Gypsophila, 199 Habenaria, 187 Hackberry, 193 Hair Grass, 165, 167, 168 Halenia, 235 Haloragidace^, 229 Hamamelidace^, 210 Hamamelis, 210 Hardback, 217 Harebell, 249 Hare's-ear Mustard, 206 Hawkbit, 256 Hawk's Beard, 253 Hawkweed, 255 Hawthorn, 211 Hazelnut, 192 Heal-all, 240 Heart's-ease, 226 Hedeoma, 239 Hedge Garlic, 205 Hyssop, 243 Mustard, 208 Nettle, 241 Hedysarum, 218 Helianthemum, 226 Helianthus, 254 Heliopsis, 254 Hemerocallis, 185 Hemlock, 162 Hemlock Parsley, 230 Hemp, 193 Hemp Nettle, 239 Henbane, 242 Henbit, 239 Hepatica, 202 Heracleum, 230 Herb Robert, 221 Herd's Grass, 171 Hesperis, 207 Heteranthera, 183 Hibiscus, 225 Hickory, 191 Hicoria, 191 Hieracium, 255 Hierochloe, 169 High-bush Cranberry, 248 Hippuris, 229 Hoary Alyssum, 205 Hobble-bush, 248 Hog Peanut, 217 Hog-weed, 249 Holcus, 169 Holly, 223 Holy Grass, 169 Homalocenchrus, 169 Honewort, 230 Honeysuckle, 247 Hop, 193 Hop Hornbeam, 192 Hordeum, 169 Horehound, 240 Hornbeam, 192 Horned Pondweed, 164 Hornwort, 201 Horse Balm, 239 Horse-chestnut, 224 Horse Gentian, 247 Mint, 240 Nettle, 242 Horseradish, 207 Horsetail, 159 Horse-weed, 253, 255 Hound's Tongue, 237 Houstonia, 246 Huckleberry, 232 Hudsonia, 226 Humulus, 193 Hungarian Grass, 172 Hydrastis, 202 Hydrochaeitace.e, 165 Hydrocotyle, 230 HTDROPHyLLACE.«, 237 Hydrophyllum, 237 Hyosciamus, 242 Hypericace^, 225 Hypericum, 225 Hypopitys, 232 Hyssop, 239 Hyssopus, 239 Hystrix, 169 Ibidium, 189 Ilex, 223 Ilicioides, 223 Illecebrace^, 198 Ilysanthes, 243 Impatiens, 224 Indian Chickweed, 198 Cucumber-root, 185 Hemp, 236 Mallow, 225 Pipe, 232 Poke, 186 Tobacco, 249 Turnip, 182 India-wheat, 195 Innocence, 246 Interrupted Fern, 158 Inula, 255 lonactis, 251 Ipomoea, 237 Iridace^, 186 Iris, 186 Flora of Vermont 149 Ironwood, 192 Isanthus, 239 Isnardia, 228 ISOETACE^, 160 Isoetes, 160 Isotria, 189 Italian Millet, 172 Iva, 255 Jack-in-tlie-Pulpit, 182 Jamestown Weed, 241 Jerusalem Artichoke, 254 Jerusalem Oak, 197 Jewelweed, 224 Jimson Weed, 241 Joe Pye Weed, 254 Johnny-jump-up, 227 Jointweed, 195 JUGLANDACEiE, 191 Juglans, 191 JUNCACE^, 183 JUNCAGINACE-^S, 164 Juncoides, 184 Juncus, 183 Juneberry, 210 June Grass, 172 Juniper, 161 Juniperus, 161 Kalmia, 232 Kentucky Blue Grass, 172 King Devil, 255 Kinnikinnick, 231 Knautia, 248 Kneiffia, 229 Knotweed, 195 Knotgrass, 195 Kochia, 197 Koellia, 240 Koniga, 207 Krigia, 255 Labiate, 239 Labrador Tea, 232 Lactuca, 255 Ladies' Tobacco, 249 Tresses, 189 Lady Fern, 156 Lady's Slipper, 187 Thumb, 196 Lake Cress, 207 Lambkill, 232 Lamb's Quarters, 197 Lamium, 239 Lampsana, 255 Laportea, 194 Lappula, 238 Lapsana, 255 Larch, 161 Larix, 161 Larkspur, 202 Lathyrus, 218 Laurace^, 204 Laurel, 232 Leaf cup, 256 Leather Leaf, 231 Leatherwood, 227 Lechea, 226 Lecticula, 245 Ledum, 232 Leersia, 169 Legouzia, 249 Leguminos^, 217 Lemna, 182 Lemnace^, 182 Lemon Lily, 185 Lentibulaeiace^, 244 Leontodon, 256, 258 Leonurus, 239 Lepargyraea, 228 Lepidium, 207 Leptamnium, 245 Leptasea, 210 Leptilon, 253 Leptoloma, 169 Lespedeza, 219 Lettuce, 255 Leucophysalis, 242 Levisticum, 230 Lilac, 235 Liliace^, 184 Lilium, 185 Lily, 185 Lily of the Valley, 184 LlMNANTHACE^, 222 Limnanthemum, 236 Limnorchis, 188 Limodorum, 187 Linages, 220 Linaria, 243 Linden, 225 LinuEea, 247 Linum, 220 Lion's Heart, 240 Liparis, 188 Liriodendron, 203 Listera, 188 Lithospermum, 238 Littorella, 245 Live-forever, 209 Liverleaf, 202 Lobelia, 249 Lobeliace^, 249 Lobularia, 207 Locust, 219 Lolium, 170 Lonicera, 247 Loosestrife, 228, 234 Lophanthus, 239 Lopseed, 245 Lokanthace^, 195 Lousewort, 244 Lovage, 230 Love Vine, 237 Lucerne, 219 Ludvigia, 228 Lungwort, 238 Lupine, 219 Lupinus, 219 Luzula, 184 Lychnis, 199 lycium, 242 Lycopodiace.e, 160 Lycopodium, 160 Lycopus, 240 Lyonia, 232 Lysias, 188 Lysiella, 188 Lysimachia, 234 Lythrace^, 228 Lythrum, 228 Magnoliace^, 203 Maianthemum, 185 Maidenhair, 155 Malaxis, 189 Male Berry, 232 Male Fern, 155 Mallow, 225 Malus, 215 Malva, 225 Malvace^, 225 Mandrake, 204 Manna Grass, 169 Maple, 223 Mare's-tail, 229 Mariscus, 179 Marsh Cress, 207 Elder, 255 Marigold, 202 Pea, 219 Trefoil, 235 Masterwort, 230 Marrubium, 240 Matricaria, 256 Matrimony Vine, 242 May Apple, 204 Mayflower, 232 Mayweed, 250 Meadow Beauty, 228 Lily, 185 Rue, 203 Meadow-sweet, 217 Medeola, 185 Medicago, 219 Medick, 219 Megalodonta, 252 Meibomia, 218 Melampyrum, 243 Melastomace^, 228 Melica, 170 Melilot, 219 Melilotus, 219 Menispermace^, 203 Menispermura, 203 Mentha, 240 Menyanthes, 235 Meriolix, 229 Mermaid-weed, 229 Mertensia, 238 Mexican Poppy, 204 Tea, 197 Mezereum, 227 Micrampelis, 248 Micranthes, 210 Microstylis, 189 Mignonette, 208 Milfoil, 249 Milium, 170 Milk Purslane, 222 150 Bulletin 187 Milkweed, 236 Milkwort, 221 Millet, 171 Millet Grass, 170 Mimulus, 243 Mint, 240 Mist, 199 Mitchella, 247 Mitella, 209 Mithridate Mustard, 208 Miterwort, 209 Moccasin Flower, 187 Mocker Nut, 191 Mock Pennyroyal, 239 Moeliringia, 198 Molina, 170 Mollugo, 198 Monarda, 240 Moneses, 232 Moneywort, 234 Monkey-flower, 243 Monotropa, 232 Moonseed, 203 Moonwort, 159 Moosewood,"224, 227 Morning Glory, 237 Morus, 194 Moss Pink, 237 Motherwort, 239 Mountain Ash, 215 Fringe, 204 Holly, 223 Mint, 240 Rice, 170 Mouse-ear Chickweed, 199 Moxie Plum, 232 Mud Plantain, 183 Mugwort, 250 Muhlenbergia, 170 Mulberry, 194 Mullein, 244 Mullein Pink, 199 Musk-plant, 243 Musquash Root, 230 Mustard, 205 Myosotis, 238 Myrica, 191 Myeicace.^, 191 Myriophyllum, 229 Nabalus, 256 Naiad, 163 Najadace.e, 163 Najas, 163 Nannyberry, 248 Naumbergia, 234 Neckweed, 244 Nemopanthus, 223 Neobeckia, 207 Nepeta, 240 Nettle, 194 Nettle Tree, 193 New Jersey Tea, 224 Nicandra, 242 Nigger-head, 256 Night-flowering Catch- fly, 200 Nightshade, 242 Nimble Will, 170 Nine-bark, 213 Nipplewort, 255 Nodding Chickweed, 199 Nonesuch, 219 Norta, 208 Nothoholcus, 169 NyctaginacevE, 198 Nymphaea, 201 Nymph^ace^, 201 Nymphoides, 236 Nyssa, 231 Oak, 193 Oakesia, 185 Oat, 166 Oat Grass, 166 CEnothera, 229 Old-witch Grass, 171 OLEACEiE, 235 Onagrace^, 228 Onion, 184 Onobrychis, 219 Onoclea, 157 Onopordon, 256 Ophioglossace^, 159 Ophioglossum, 159 Ophrys, 188 Opulaster, 213 Orach, 197 Orange Grass, 225 Orange Root, 202 Orchard Grass, 167 ORCHIDACEiE, 186 Orchis, 189 Origanum, 240 Ornithogalum, 185 Orobanchace^, 245 Orobanche, 245 Orpine, 209 Oryzopsis, 170 Osier, 190 Osmorrhiza, 230 Osmunda, 158 OSMUNDACE^, 158 Ostrich Fern, 157 Ostrya, 192 Oswego Tea, 240 OXAXIDACEiE, 220 Oxalis, 220 Ox-eye, 254 Ox-eye Daisy, 253 Oxybaphus, 198 Oxycoccus, 233 Padus, 214 Painted Cup, 242 Trillium, 186 Panax, 229 Panic Grass, 170 Panicularia, 169 Panicum, 170 Pansy, 227 Papaver, 204 Papaverace^, 204 Pappoose Root, 204 Parietaria, 194 Parnassia, 209 Parsnip, 230 Parthenocissus, 224 Partridge Berry, 247 Paspalum, 171 Pastinaca, 230 Pasture Thistle, 253 Pear, 215 Pearlwort, 199 Pearly Everlasting, 249 Pedicularis, 244 Pellsea, 157 Pellitory, 194 Peltandra, 182 Penny Cress, 208 Penthorum, 209 Pentstemon, 244 Peppergrass, 207 Pepperidge, 231 Peppermint, 240 Pepper-root, 206 Pepperwort, 207 Peramium, 187 Perennial Pea, 218 Periwinkle, 236 Persicaria, 195 Perularia, 188 Petasites, 256 Phalaris, 171 Phegopteris, 157 Philotria, 165 Phleum, 171 Phlox, 237 Phragmites, 172 Phryma, 245 Phbymac^, 245 Physalis, 242 Physalodes, 242 Physocarpus, 213 Physostegia, 240 Phytolacca, 198 PHYTOLACCACEyE, 198 Picea, 161 Pickerel-weed, 183 Picris, 256 Pigeon Berry, 198 Grass, 172 Pignut, 191 Pigweed, 197 Pilea, 194 Pimbina, 248 Pimpernel, 234 PlNACE^, 161 Pine, 162 Pine Drops, 232 Pinesap, 232 Pineweed, 225 Pinguicula, 244 Pink, 199 Flora of Vermont 151 Pinus, 162 Pinweed, 226 Pipes, 159 Pipewort, 182 Pipsissewa, 231 Pitcher-plant, 208 Plantaginace.'e, 245 Plantago, 246 Plantain, 246 Platanace^, 210 Platanus, 210 Plum, 214 Poa, 172 Podophyllum, 204 PODOSTEMA.CE.'E, 209 Podostemum, 209 Pogonia, 189 Poison Dogwood, 223 Hemlock, 230 Ivy, 223 Pokeweed, 198 Polanisia, 208 POLEMONIACE.i:, 237 Polemonium, 237 Polygala, 221 POLTGALACE.E, 221 POLYGONACE.E, 195 Polygonatum, 185 Polygonella, 195 Polygonum, 195 Polymnia, 256 POLYPODIACE.E, 155 Polypodium, 158 Polypody, 158 Polystichum, 158 Pondweed, 163 Pontederia, 183 PONTEDERIACE.^, 183 Poor Man's Weather Glass, 234 Poplar, 189 Poppy, 204 Populus, 189 Portulaca, 200 PORTULACACE.'E, 200 Potamogeton, 163 Potentilla, 213 Poterium, 217 Poverty Grass, 166 Prenanthes, 256 Prickly Ash. Sarracenia, 208 Sarraceniace.e, 208 Sassafras, 204 Satureia, 241 Savastana, 169 Saxifraga, 210 Saxifragace.^, 209 Saxifrage, 210 Scabiosa, 248 Scabious, 248 Scheuchzeria, 164 Schizachyrium, 166 Schizonotus, 217 Schmaltzia, 222 Scirpus, 180 Scoke, 198 Scorpion Grass. 238 Scotch Mist, 246 Rose, 215 Thistle, 256 Rock Rose, 226 Roman Wormwood. 249Scouring Rush, 159 Rosa, 215 Scrophularia, 244 Rosace.^, 210 Scrophulakiace.e, 242 152 Bulletin 187 Scutellaria, 241 Sedge, 173 Sedum, 209 Selaginella, 160 Selaginellacea-:, 160 Self-heal, 240 Spergula, 200 Spergularia, 200 SPERMATOPHYTA, 161 Sphenopholis, 172 Spice Bush, 204 Seneca Snakeroot, 221 Spider-wort, 183 Senecio, 256 Senna, 218 Sensitive Fern, 157 Sericocarpus, 257 Service Berry, 210 Setaria, 172 Shad Bush, 210 Sheepberry, 248 Sheep Sorrel. 196 Shell-bark Hickory, 191 Shepherdia, 228 Shepherd's Purse, 206 Spruce, 161 Sherardia, 247 Spurge, 222 Shield Fern, 155 Spurred Gentian, 235 Shin Leaf, 232 Spurrey, 200 Sibbaldiopsis, 214 Squashberry, 248 Sickle-pod, 205 Squaw-root, 245 Sicyos, 248 Squaw-weed, 256 Side-saddle Flower, 208Squirrel Corn, 205 Spikenard, 229 Spike Rush, 180 Spiraea, 217 Spiranthes, 189 Spirodela, 182 Spleenwort, 156 Spoon-wood, 232 Sporobolus, 172 Spotted Wintergreen, 231 Spring Beauty, 200 Spring Cress, 206 Silene, 200 Silkweed, 236 Silphium, 257 Silverweed 213 Sinapsis, 205 Sisymbrium, 208 Sisyrinchium, 186 Sium, 231 Skullcap, 241 Skunk Cabbage, 182 Smartweed, 196 Smilacina, 185 Smilax, 185 Snakehead, 242 Sneezeweed, 249 Snowberry, 247 Soapwort, 199 SOLANACE^, 241 Solanum, 242 Solidago, 257 Solomon's Seal, 185 Sonchus, 258 Sophia, 208 Sorbaria, 217 Sorbus, 214 Sorghastrum, 172 Sorrel, 196 Sour Gum, 231 Southernwood, 250 Sow Thistle, 258 Sparcaxiace.i:, 162 Sparganium, 162 Spartina, 172 Spathyema, 182 Spatter Dock. 201 Spear Grass, 172 Spearmint, 240 Specularia, 249 Speedwell, 244 Stachys, 241 Staff Tree, 223 Staphylea, 223 Staphyleace.?:. 223 Star Cucumber, 248 Star Flower, 235 Star of Bethlehem, 185 Star Thistle, 252 Starwort, 200 Starry Campion, 200 Steeple Bush, 217 Steironema, 235 Stellaria, 200 Stenophyllus, 181 Stickseed, 238 Stick-tight. 252 Stickwort, 200 Stomoisia, 245 Stonecrop, 209 Stone-root, 239 Storksbill, 221 Stramonium, 241 Strawberry, 213 Strawberry Blite, 197 Tomato, 242 Streptopus, 186 Subularia, 208 Succory. 253 Sugarberry, 193 Sumach, 222 Summer Savory, 241 Sundew, 208 Sunflower, 254 Sweet Alyssum, 207 Sweetbrier, 215 Sweet Coltsfoot, 256 Sweet Cicely, 230 Clover, 219 Fern, 191 Flag, 182 Gale, 191 Scabious, 253 Vernal Grass, 166 William, 199 Sycamore, 210 Symphoricarpus, 247 Symphytum, 238 Symplocarpus, 182 Syndesmon, 202 Syntherisma, 167 Syringa, 235 Tacamahac, 189 Tsenidia, 231 Tamarack, 161 Tanacetum, 258 Tansy, 258 Taraxacum, 258 Tare, 220 Taxace^, 161 Taxus, 161 Teaberry, 232 Tear-thumb, 195, 196 Teasel, 248 Teucrium, 241 Thalesia, 245 Thalictrum, 203 Thimbleberry, 216 Thin Grass, 165 Thistle, 253 Thlaspi, 208 Thorn Apple, 211, 241 Thoroughwort, 254 Three-seeded Mercury, 222 Throatwort, 249 Thuja, 162 Thyme, 241 Thymel^^ace.e, 227 Thymus, 241 Tiarella, 210 Tick Trefoil, 218 Tiger Lily, 185 Tilia, 225 TiLiACE^, 225 Timothy, 171 Tiniaria, 195. 196 Tissa, 200 Tithymalopsis, 222 Tithymalus, 222 Toad-flax, 243 Tofieldia, 186 Toothwort, 206 Touch-me-not, 224 Tovara, 196 Tower Mustard, 205 Toxicodendron, 223 Tracaulon, 196 Tradescantia, 183 Tragopogon, 258 Trailing Arbutus, 232 Traveler's Joy, 202 Treacle Mustard, 207 Trembling Poplar, 190 Triadenum, 226 Triantha, 186 Flora of Vermont 158 Trichostema, 241 Tridens, 173 Trientalis, 235 Trifolium, 220 Trillium, 186 Triosteum, 247 Triphora, 189 Trisetum, 173 True Water Cress, 207 Trumpet Weed, 254 Tsuga, 162 Tulip-tree, 203 Tumble Mustard, 208 Weed, 197 Tupelo, 231 Turnip, 205 Turtle-head, 242 Tussilago, 258 Tway-blade, 188 Twig Rush, 179 Twin-flower, 247 Twisted-stalk, 186 Typha, 162 Typhacete, 162 Ulmus, 194 Umbelliter.'e, 230 Unifolium, 185 Urtica, 194 Urticace,^, 193 Urticastrum, 194 Utricularia, 245 Uva-ursi, 231 Uvularia, 185, 186 Vaccaria, 200 Vaccinium, 233 Vagnera, 185 Valerian, 248 Veleriana, 248 Valerianace.^, 248 Vallisneria, 165 Velvet-leaf, 225 Venus' Looking Glass, 249 Veratrum, 186 Verbascum, 244 Verbena, 238 Verbenace.^, 238 Veronica, 244 Vervain, 238 Vetch, 220 Viburnum, 248 Vicia, 220 Vinca, 236 Viola, 226 Viola ce^, 226 Violet, 226 Viper's Bugloss, 238 Virginia Cowslip, 238 Creeper, 224 Virgin's Bower, 202 VlTACE^E, 224 Vitis, 225 Vitis-Idea, 234 Wake-robin, 186 Waldsteinia, 217 Walking Leaf, 157 Walnut, 191 Wartweed, 222 Washingtonia, 230 Water Arum, 182 Beech, 192, Cress, 207 Hemlock, 230 Hemp, 197 Horehound, 240 Leaf, 237 Lily, 201 Lobelia, 249 Marigold, 252 Milfoil, 229 Oats, 173 Parsnip, 231 Pennywort, 230 Pepper, 196 Pimpernel, 234 Plantain, 164 Purslane, 228 Shield, 201 Star Grass, 183 Starwort, 222 Water-weed, 165 Water Willow, 228, 245 White Cedar, 162 Lettuce, 256 Snakeroot, 254 White-topped Aster, 257 Whitewood, 203 Wicky, 232 Wicopy, 227 Wild Allspice, 204 Balsam-apple, 248 Bean, 217 Bergamot, 240 Chamomile, 256 Comfrey, 237 Cucumber, 248 Elder, 229 Garlic, 184 Ginger, 195 Indigo, 218 Leek, 184 Liquorice, 246 Madder, 246 Marjoram, 240 Oat Grass, 167 Peppergrass, 207' Rice, 173 Rye, 168 Sarsaparilla, 229 Sensitive Plant, 218 Willow, 190 Willow-herb, 228 Wind-flower, 201 Winterberry, 223 Winter Cress, 205 Wintergreen, 232 Wire Grass, 172 Witch-hazel, 210 Withe-rod, 248 Wood Betony, 244 Woodbine, 224 Wood Lily, 185 Mint, 239 Nettle, 194 Rush, 184 Woodsia, 158 Wood Sorrel, 220 Woodwardia, 158 Wool Grass, 181 Wormseed Mustard, 207 Wormwood, 250 Woundwort, 241 Xanthium. ASPIDIUM. (DRYOPTERIS). Shield Fern X A. Boottii Tuckerm. (A. cristatum x spinulosum, var. Intermedium). Boott's Shield Fern. Wet thickets and about ponds; occasional. A. cristatiiin (L.) Sw. Crested Shield Fern. Moist thickets and swamps; frequent. A. cristatuin (L.) Sw., var. Clintoniainim D. C. Eaton. (D. Clintoniana [D. C. Eaton] Dowell). Clinton's Shield Fern. Swampy woods; frequent. A. Filix-mas (L.) Sw. Male Fern. Hartland, (Nancy Darling) ; Woodstock and Bridgewater, (Mabel A. Strong) ; Barnard, (Miss F. E. Corne) ; Brandon, (Kirk and Button). Forma iucisnm Clute. Brandon, (Kirk and Button). A. fragraus (L.) Sw. Fragrant Fern. Mt. Mansfield, Camel's Hump, and Bolton Notch, (Pringle) ; Mt. Zion, Hubbardton, (Ross and Eggleston). A. Goldianuiii Hook. Goldie's Fern. Rich moist woods; occasional. A. iiiargiiiale (L.) Sw. Marginal Shield Fern. Rocky woods; common. Var. elegaus J. Robinson. Swampy woods; occasional. A. noveboraceuse (L.) Sw. New York Fern. Moist woods and swamps; common. X A. pittsfordeuse (Slosson) Eastman. (A. marginale x spinulosum). Pittsford, (Margaret Slosson); Hartland, (Nancy Darling). A. sinmlatnm Davenp. Massachusetts Fern. Rare. Brattleboro, (Mrs. F. B. Horton) ; Hartland, (Mrs. Hurd). A. spinnlosnm (O. F. Miiller) Sw. Spinulose Shield Fern. Damp woods; occasional. A. spiiinlosnm (O. F. Miiller) Sw., var. dilatatum (Hoffm.) Gray, forma aiiadeiiium Robinson. (D. dilatata [Hoffm.] Gray). Broad Shield Fern. Mountain woods; common above 2,500 feet altitude. A. spinulosum (O. F. Miiller) Sw., var. mtermedium (Muhl.) D. C. Eaton. (D. intermedia [Muhl.] Gray). Woodlands; common. A. Tlielypteris (L.) Sw. Marsh Fern. Swamps and wet places; com- mon. Additional Hybrid Forms A. cristatum x cristatum, var. Cliutonianuui. In tracts where plants of the species and its variety are numerous intermediate forms are usually frequent. 15(; Bulletin 187 A. cristatura x margiuale. Pittsford, (Margaret Slosson). ' A, cristatum x spiimlosnm. Middlebiiry, (Brainerd). A. cristatum, var. Clintoiiiaimni x Goldiamini. Middlebury, (Brainerd 1879). A. cristatum, var. Clintonianum x margiuale. Pittsford, (Margaret Slosson); Middlebury, (Brainerd). A. cristatum, var. Clintouianum x spinulosum. Middlebury, (Brain- erd); Pittsford, (Margaret Slosson). A. cristatum, var. Clintonianum x spinulosum, var. intermedium. Mid- dlebury, (Brainerd); Montgomery, (Mary L. Gates). A. Filix-mas x marginale. North Bridgewater, (Winslow) ; Barnard, (Miss F. E. Corne) ; Brandon, (Underwood). A. Goldiauum x marginale. Leicester, (Brainerd) ; Cavendish, (Rugg). A. Goldianum x spinulosum, var. intermedium. Middlebury, (Brainerd 1879). A. marginale x spinulosum, var. intermedium. Orleans, (Winslow). A. spinulosum x spinulosum, var. intermedium. Where numerous plants of species and variety grow together, intergrading forms are not infrequent. ASPLENIUM. Spleenwort A. acrostichoides Sw. (A. thelypteroides Michx.; Athyrium thelyp- teroides [Michx.] Desv.). Silvery Spleenwort. Rich woods; fre- quent. A. angustifolium Michx. (A. pycnocarpon Spreng). Narrow-leaved Spleenwort. Rich moist woods; occasional. North in the Con- necticut Valley to St. Johnsbury. X A. ebenoides R. R. Scott. (Asplenium platyneuron x Camptosorus rhizophyllus) . Scott's Spleenwort. On limestone; rare. Rutland, (G. H. Ross) ; Pittsford, (Grace A. Woolson) ; Brandon, (Button) ; Salisbury, (Dr. H. H. Swift); Proctor, (Kirk). A. Filix-femina (L.) Bernh. (Athyrium Filix-foemina [L.] Roth"). Lady Fern. Moist woods; common. A variable species with many described forms. A. platyneuron (L.) Oakes. (A. ebeneum Ait). Ebony Spleenwort. Rocky woods; frequent. North in the Connecticut Valley to St. Johnsbury. Var. incisum (E. C. Howe) Robinson. (A. ebeneum, var. Hortonae Davenp.). With type; rare. Brattleboro, (Mrs. F. B. Horton) ; Pittsford, (Katherine A. French). Var. serratum (E. S. Miller) BSP. With type; rare. Pittsford, (Grace A. Woolson). A. Ruta-muraria L. Rue Spleenwort. Limestone cliffs of western Vermont; occasional. Lake Willoughby, (E. Faxon). A. Tricliomanes L. Maidenhair Spleenwort. Shaded cliffs; frequent. Var. incisum Moore. Brattleboro, (Frost, Annie L. Grout) ; Nor- wich, (Jesup) ; Pittsford, (Rugg). Flora of Vermont 157 A. Tiride Hudson. Green Spleenwort. Cliffs, Mt. Mansfield and Camel's Hump, (Priugle) ; Mt. Hor, Westmore, (Mrs. Condit) ; Plymouth Notch, (Mabel A. Strong). A. Trielionianes x Ruta-iuuraria. Proctor, (Grace A. Woolson). CAMPTOSORUS. Walking Leaf C. rhizophyllus (L.) Link. Walking Fern. Shaded rocks, especially limestone; locally common in western Vermont. Plymouth Notch, Hartland, Brattleboro, Williamstown, Norwich and Windsor in the Connecticut Valley. CRYPTOGRAMMA. Rock Brake C. Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl. (Pellaea gracilis Hook.). Slender Rock Brake. Moist limestone rocks; occasional. Hartland, Quechee Gulf, East Barnet and St. Johnsbury in eastern Vermont. CYSTOPTERIS. (FILIX). Bladder Fern C. buDjifera (L.) Bernh. Common Bladder Fern. Moist shaded ravines aiid cliffs; frequent. C. frag'ilis (L.) Bernh. Fragile Bladder Fern. Rocky woods and ravines; common. DICKSONIA. (DENNSTAEDTIA) D. puuctilobula (Michx.) Gray. (D. pilosiuscula Willd.). Hay-scented Fern. Hilly pastures; common. Forma cristata (Maxon) Clute. With the type; occasional. ONOCLEA 0. seiisibilis L. Sensitive Fern. Moist places; common. Var. ob- tiisilobata (Schkuhr) Torr. With type; occasional. 0. Strutbioptei'is (L.) Hoffmann. (Matteuccia Struthiopteris [L.] Todaro). Ostrich Fern. Rich alluvial soil; common. A form similar to the var. obtusilobata of O. sensibilis has been found in Dorset, (Mrs. E. H. Terry). PELLAEA. Cliff Brake P. atropurpurea (L.) Link. Purple Cliff Brake. Limestone cliffs; oc- casional in western Vermont. Mt. Willoughby and Quechee Gulf in eastern Vermont. Var. Bushii Mackenzie. Essex Junction, (C. E. Faxon) ; Burlington, (Blake) ; West Haven, (Kirk). PHEGOPTERIS. (DRYOPTERIS). Beech Fern P. Dryopteris (L.) Fee. Oak Fern. Moist woods and swamps; com- mon. P. hexagoiioptera (Michx.) Fee. Broad Beech Fern. Rich woods; oc- casional. North in the Connecticut Valley to St. Johnsbury. P. polypodioides Fee. (D. Phegopteris [L.] C. Chr.). Long Beech Fern. Damp woods; common. 158 Bulletin 187 POLYPODIUM. Polypody P. vulgare L. Rocks; common. Var. atteuuatum Milde. Brattleboro, (Addie L. Reed). Var. auritum Willd. Mt. Horrid, (Button). Var. cambricum (L.) Willd. Rutland, (Kirk) ; Montgomery, (Mary L. Gates). POLYSTICHUM P. acrosticlioides (Michx.) Schott. (Aspidium acrostichoides Sw.). Christmas Fern. Rocky woods; common. Var. iucisum Gray. (Aspidium acrostichoides, var. incisum Gray; Polystichum acros- tichoides, var. Schweinitzii Small). Rhod. 11: 35. Dry wooded hill- sides; frequent. Crisped and crested forms occur. P. Braunii (Spenner) Fee. (Aspidium aculeatum, var. Braunii Doll.). Braun's Holly Fern. Moist woods above 1500 feet altitude; occa- sional. PTERIS. (PTERIDIUM). Brake or Bracken P. aqullina L. Pastures and open woods; common. Var. pseudo- caudata Clute. Burned over place, Colchester, (F. A. Ross). WOODSIA W. alpina (Bolton) S. F. Gray. (W. hyperborea R. Br.). Alpine Woodsia. Mt. Mansfield and Willoughby, (Pringle) ; Quechee Gulf, (Balch). W. glabella R. Br. Smooth Woodsia. Willoughby Lake, (Torrey) ; Mt. Mansfield and Bakersfield Ledge, (Pringle) ; Quechee Gulf, (Balch); Mt. Horrid, Rochester, (Dutton). W. ilvensis (L.) R. Br. Rusty Woodsia. Rocks; common. W. obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. Blunt-lobed Woodsia. Rocky banks and calcareous ledges; occasional. In Connecticut Valley north to St. Johnsbury, WOODWARDIA. (ANCHISTEA). Chain Fern W. virginica (L.) Sm. Virginia Chain Fern. Fort Ethan Allen pond, (Robbins) ; Franklin bog, (Wild); Rutland, (Kirk). OSMUNDACEAE. FLOWERING FERN FAMILY OSMUNDA. Flowering Fern 0. ciimainomea L. Cinnamon Fern. Wet woods and pastures; com- mon. Forma bipinnatifida Clute. Fern Bull. 15: 17. Williston, (Blake). Forma frondosa, (T. & G.) Britton. With the type; occa- sional. Forma iucisa (Huntington) Gilbert. With the type; occa- sional. Forma latipinnula Blake. Rhod. 15:155. Swanton, (Blake). A crisped form occurs. 0. Claytoniana L. Interrupted Fern. Wet woods and pastures; com- mon. Var. dubia Grout. Newfane, (Grout). 0. regalis L. Royal Fern. Wet woods and swamps; common. Forma iuterrupta Milde. Swanton, (Blake). Forma orbiculata Clute. Hartland, (Ruggles). An incised form occurs. Flora of Vermont 159 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. ADDER'S TONGUE FAMILY BOTRYCHIUM. Moonwort B. laiiceolatiiiii (Gmel.) Angstroem, var. angustisef?iiieiituiii Pease & Moore. Lance-leaved Grape Fern. Moist hollows in cool open woods ; rare. B. Lunaria (L.) Sw. Moonwort. Very rare. Willoughby House, West- more, (G. H. Tilton). B. oMiquTim Muhl. (B. ternatum forma obliquum Milde). Grape Fern. Moist gravelly slopes; frequent. Var. dissectiim (Spreng.) Clute. (B. dissectum Spreng.). Cool loamy soil, open fields; occasional. Var. oneidense (Gilbert) Waters. Vermont, Miss Gilman, Gray's Manual ed. 7. B. raiiiosnm (Roth) Aschers. (B. matricariaefolium A. Br.; B. neglec- tum AVood). Rich moist woods; occasional. B. simplex B. Hitchcock. Little Grace Fern. Hilly pastures and open woods; occasional. Var. coiiipositum (Lasch) Milde. Hartland, (Nancy Darling) ; St. Johnsbury, (Bridget M. Rooney). B. ternatum (Thunb.) Sw., var. intermedium D. C. Eaton. (B. silai- folium Presl.). Ternate Grape Fern. Old pastures and copses; occasional. Var. rutaefolium (A. Br.) D. C. Eaton. (B. matri- cariae Spreng.). Old fields; rare. B. yirginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern. Rich woods; common. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Adder's Tongue 0. Tulgatum L. Moist meadows and pastures; occasional. EQUISETACEAE. HORSETAIL FAMILY EQUISETUM. Horsetail E, arvense L. Common Horsetail. Moist gravelly or sandy banks; common. E. fluviatile L. (E. limosum L.). Pipes. Shallow water with muddy bottom; common. A form with the branches bearing numerous small spikes occurs, Burlington, (Mrs. N. F. Flynn). E. hyemale L., var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. Common Scouring Rush. Moist gravelly banks; common. Forma polystachyuni Prager. Burlington, (Blake). E. hyemale L., var. intermedium A. A. Eaton. Scouring Rush. Moist sandy soil, Burlington, (Howe). E. litorale Kiihlewein. Shore Horsetail. Gravelly shores of Lake Champlain; rare. E. palustre L. Marsh Horsetail. Wet sandy shore of Lake Champlain, Burlington, (Pringle) ; Brandon, (Button) ; Windsor, (W. H. Blanchard, Rugg) ; Colchester, (Blake). E. pratense Ehrh. Newark, (Kennedy); Brattleboro, (Wheeler). E. scirpoides Michx. Moist cool woods; occasional. E. sylTaticum L. Moist shady places; common. E. variegatum Schleicher. Gravelly shores; occasional, '^- " 160 Bulletin 187 E. variegatura Schleicher, var. Jesiipi A. A. Eaton. Wet shores; rare. Forma geiniiiatum Blake. Rhod. 15:156. Essex Junction, (Blake). Forma niultirameuiii Blake. Rhod. 15:156. Essex Junction, (Blake). LYCOPODIACEAE. CLUB MOSS FAMILY LYCOPODIUM. Club Moss L» aniiotinuiii L. Cold woods; common. Var. pnugens Desv. Summit Mt. Mansfield, (Pringle) ; Brighton, (W. H. Blanchard). L. clavatum L. Common Club Moss. Dry woods; common. Var. meg-astachyou Fernald & Bissell. (Var. monostachyon Gray's Manual, ed. 7). Rhod. 12: 53. Dry woods; occasional above 1,000 feet altitude. L. complanatnm L. Willoughby, (Winslow and Rugg) ; Hartland, (Florence H. Sturtevant). L. coiiiplaiiatam L., var. flabelliforine Fernald. Ground Pine. Dry pas- tures and open woods; common. Var. Wibbei Haberer. Westmore, (Kennedy); Brandon, (Dutton) ; Hartland, (Underwood). L. inniidatiim L. Bog Club Moss. Moist soil; occasional. Var. Bigelovii Tuckerm. Sunderland, (Grout). L. lucidnlum Michx. Shining Club Moss. Cold damp woods; common. L. lucidulum Michx., var. porophilnm (Lloyd & Underwood) Clute. Cold ravine. Clarendon, (Kirk). L. ohscurum L. Tree Club Moss. Moist woods; occasional. In the Connecticut Valley north to St. Johnsbury. L* obscurum L., var. deudroideum (Michx.) D. C. Eaton. Tree Club Moss. Moist woods; common. L. saMnaefolinm Willd. Dry woods and pastures; Rochester, (Eggles- ton) ; Willoughby, (Winslow and Rugg) ; Hartland, (Nancy Dar- ling). L. Selago L. Summits of ]\Iansfield and Camel's Hump, (Robbins) ; Johnson, (Eggleston)« Rochester, (Dutton). L. Selago L., var. patens (Beauv.) Desv. Smugglers' Notch, (Pringle). L. sitcliense Rupr. Willoughby Mt, (Winslow and Rugg). L. tristachyum Pursh. (L. complanatnm L., var. Chamaecyparissus Milde). Dry woods and pastures; occasional. SELAGINELLACEAE SELAGINELLA S. apus (L.) Spring. Creeping Selaginella. Moist shady places; Brat- tleboro, (Grout) ; Pownal, (Hazen). S. rupestris (L.) Spring. Rock Selaginella. Dry exposed rocks; fre- quent. In the Connecticut Valley north to Barnet. ISOETACEAE. QUILLWORT FAMILY ISOETES. Quillwort I. Dodgei A. A. Eaton. (I. canadensis A. A. Eaton). Firm soil, borders pf ponds and streams; occasional. Flora of Vermont 161 I. ecliinospora Dur., var. Brannii (Dur.) Engelm. (I. Braunii Dur.). Margins of ponds and streams; common. I. ecliinospora Dur., var. iimrioata (Dur.) Engelm. (I. Braunii Dur.). Moutli of Pompanoosuc River, Norwich, (Jesup). I. niacrospora Dur. Willoughby Lake, (Kennedy). I. Tuckeriiiaiii A. Br., var. borealis A. A. Eaton. Grout Pond, Stratton, (Eggleston and Grout). SPBRMATOPHYTA. SEED PLANTS TAX ACE AE. YEW FAMILY TAXUS. Yew T. canadensis Marsh. Ground Hemlock. Moist banks and hills; fre- quent. PINACEAE. PINE FAMILY ABIES. Balsam Fir A. balsainea (L.) Mill. Cold, wet woods and swamps, in the higher altitudes; common. Not reported in the Connecticut Valley south of Hartland. JUNIPERUS. Juniper J, coinnmuis L., var. depressa Pursh. (J. sil)irica Burgsd.). Common Juniper. Dry, sterile hills; frequent. In the Connecticut Valley, north to Peacham. J. horizoutalis Moeuch. (J. Sabina L., var. procumbens Pursh.). Man- chester, (Mary A. Day). J. virginiaua L. Red Cedar. Dry, rocky hills; frequent in lower alti- tudes of western Vermont and north in the Connecticut Valley to Fairlee. LARIX. Larch L. laricina (Du Roi) Koch. Tamarack. Cold swamps; common, except in the lower Connecticut Valley. PICEA. Spruce P. canadensis (Mill.) BSP. (P. alba Link). White Spruce. Com- mon in northeastern Vermont south to Strafford, West Fairlee and Newbury. Its western limit is a line drawn from Strafford through East Barre, East Montpelier, Craftsbury and Albany to Newport Center, (W. H. Blanchard) ; Hartland, (Nancy Darling) ; Newfane, spreading from cultivation, (Wheeler) ; Providence Island, com- mon, (Jones) ; Thompson's Point, Colchester, (Griffin) ; Essex, (Howe). P. niariana (Mill.) BSP. (P. nigra Link; P. brevifolia Peck). Swamp or Black Spruce. Common in sphagnum swamps of the Champlain 162 Bulletin 187 and upper Connecticut Valleys. Forma semiprostrata (Peck) Blake. Summit of Mt. Mansfield, (Eggleston). P. rubra (Du Roi) Dietr. (P. rubra Link; P. rubens Sarg.). Red Spruce. Common, especially on rocky mountain sides. PINUS. Pine P. Bauksiaua Lambert. (P. divaricata Sudw.). Gray Pine, Jack Pine. Monkton, (R. E. Robinson) ; Starksboro, (Priugle) ; Fairfax, (Bates). But few trees at each station. P. resiuosa Ait. Red or Norway Pine. Dry, rocky soil; frequent. P. rig'ida Mill. Pitch Pine. Barren, sandy soil. Common in the north- ern Champlain Valley and in the Connecticut River towns north to Wells River. P. Strobus L. White Pine. Common up to 1000 feet altitude. THUJA. Arbor Vitae T. occideiitalis L. Commonly but wrongly called White Cedar. Swamps and rocky banks; common in northern and central Ver- mont, occurring in eastern Vermont south to Hartland and Wood- stock. TSUGA. Hemlock T. canadensis (L.) Carr. Rocky woods and swamps; common. TYPHACEAE. CAT-TAIL FAMILY TYPHA. Cat-tail T. aug'ustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Cat-tail. Marshes; occasional. T. latifolia L. Common Cat-tail. Marshes; common. SPARGANIACEAE. BUR-REED FAMILY SPARGANIUM. Bur-reed S. americanum Nutt. (S. simplex, var. Nuttallii Engelm.). Bogs and muddy shores. Burlington, (Mrs. N. F. Flynn) ; Fairfield Pond, (Blake). S. americanum Nutt., var. androcladum (Engelm.) Fernald & Eames. (S. simplex Huds., var. androcladum Engelm.; S. androcladum [Engelm.] Morong.). Bogs and shallow water; common. S. angustifolium Michx. Shallow water in mountain ponds; frequent. S. diversifolium Graebner. (S. simplex Gray's Manual, ed. 6, in part). Marshy borders of ponds and streams; frequent. S. diversifolium Graebner, var. acaule Fernald & Eames. (S. acaule [Beeby] Rydb.). Essex Junction, Hinesburg Pond, Williston, (Blake). S. eurycari>iiiii Engelm. Borders of ponds and rivers; frequent in western Vermont. S. fluctuans (Morong) Robinson. (S. androcladum Morong, var. fiuc- tuans Morong in part). Floating in ponds; occasional. Flora of Vermont 16^ S. liicidnm Fernald & Eames. Shore of Winooski River, near mouth, Burlington, (Blake). S. iniuinnim Fries. Marshy borders of ponds; occasional. S. siinple.x Huds. Marshy borders of ponds and streams; frequent. NAJADACEAE. PONDWEED FAMILY NAJAS. Naiad N. flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt. Slow streams and ponds; com- mon. POTAMOGETON. Pondweed P. alpimis Balbis. (P. rufescens Schrad.). Windsor, (Jesup) ; Willough- by Lake, (E. Faxon) ; Lewis Creek, Ferrisburg, (E. & C. E. Faxon) ; Harvey's Pond, W. Barnet, (Blanchard) ; Little Averill Pond, (Eggleston). P. aiiierioanns C. & S. (P. lonchites Tuckerm.). In sluggish streams; frequent. P. ainplifolius Tuckerm. Common in still water; fruiting more com- monly at high altitudes. P, angnstifolius Berchtold & Presl. (P. Zizii Mertens & Koch). Alburg, (Morong) ; Milton, (Grout). Var. coiinecticutensis (Rob- bins) Benn. (P. lucens L., var. Robbins). Lake Dunmore, (E. Faxon); Lake Bomoseen, (Eggleston). P. bnpleuroides Fernald. (P. perfoliatus Gray's Manual, ed. 6, in part, not L.). Occasional in Lake Champlain. P. ooiifervoides Reichenb. (P. Tuckermani Roltbius). Grout Pond, Stratton, (Grout). P. crispiis* L. In shallow water, Lake Champlain and tributaries. Malletts Bay, (Griffin) ; Ferrisburg and Charlotte, (Button and Kirk). P. dimorplius Raf. (P. Spirillus Tuckerm.). Common. P. epiliydrus Raf. (P. Nuttallii C. & S.; P. pennsylvanicus Willd.). Still or flowing water; common. P. epihydnis Raf., var. cayiigeiisis (Wiegand) Bennett. In Winooski River, Burlington, (Blake). X P. Faxoni Morong. Abundant in the still water of Lake Champlain and tributaries. P. flliformis Pers. (P. marinus auth., not L.?). In Lake Champlain, Charlotte, (Button and Kirk) ; West Haven, (Kirk). P. foliosus Raf. (P. pauciflorus Pursh.). Lewis Creek, Ferrisburg, (C. E. Faxon) ; W. Barnet, (Blanchard) ; Brattleboro, (Grout) ; Woodbury, (Brainerd) ; Burlington and Colchester, (Mrs. N. F. Flynn). P. foliosns Raf., var. iiiagarensis (Tuckerm.) Morong. Tributaries of Lake Champlain ; occasional. P. Friesii Rupr. (P. mucronatus Gray's Manual, ed. 6, not Schrad.?). Frequent. P. heterophjilus Schreb. Still or flowing water; common. Forma graniinifoliiis (Fries) Morong. Knight's Island, Lake Champlain, 164 Bulletin 187 (Brainerd). Forma terrestris Schlecht. Exsiccated places; fre- quent. P. hybridus Michx. (P. diversifolius Raf.)- "South Hero," (Robbins) ; "Brattleboro," (Frost); Vernon, (Grout); Willoughby, (Jesup). P. lucens L. Ponds; locaL P. uatans L. Pools and ditches; common. P. Oakesiaims Robbins. Grout Pond, Stratton; Lily Pond, Vernon, (Grout). P. obtusifolius Mertens & Koch. Fairlee Lalce, (Jesup and Sargent) ; Little Otter Creek, Ferrisburg, (Grout and Eggleston) ; Lewis Creek, (Faxon). P. pectinatus L. Common. P. perfoliatus L. Slow streams and shallow waters; frequent. P. praelongus Wulf. In deep water; frequent. P. pusillus L. Pools and ditches; common. P. piisillns L., var. Stiirrockii Benn. Malletts Bay, Lake Chaniplain, (Griffin). P. pusillns L., var. temiissiimis Mertens & Koch. Occasional. P. Eichardsonii (Benn.) Rydb. (P. perfoliatus, var. lanceolatus Rub- bins). Lake Champlain and its tributaries; frequent. P. RobMnsii Oakes. Common. P. mtilns Wolfgang. Pelot's Bay, N. Hero, (Brainerd). P. strictifoliiis Benn. (P. pusillus, var. pseudo-rutilus Benn.). Lake Champlain, (E. & C. E. Faxon); Orwell, (Cushman). P. Vaseyi Robbins. Oozy Pond, Barnet, (Blanchard). P. zosterifoliiis Schumacher. (P. compressus L.). Still and slowly flowing water; common. ZANNICHELLIA. Horned Pondweed Z. paliistris L. Shallow water. South Hero, (Robbins) ; North Hero, (Pringle) ; Norwich, (Jesup) ; Joe's Pond, W. Danville, (Blanch- ard). JUNCAGINACEAE. ARROW GRASS FAMILY SCHEUCHZERIA S. paliistris L. Peaty bogs; occasional. ALISMACEAE. WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY ALISMA. Water-plantain A. Plaiitago-aquatica L. (A. subcordatum Raf.). Swales in the lower altitudes; common. SAGITTARIA. Arrow-head S. arifolia Nutt. (S. cuneata Sheldon). Swales and wet shores; fre- quent along Lake Champlain; Barnard Pond, (Jesup and Sargent) ; Lake Bomoseen, (Button) ; Hartland, (Whiting) ; Willoughby Lake, (Kennedy). S. gTaininea Michx. Low muddy shores of lakes and ponds; frequent. S. heterophylla Pursh. (S. rigida Pursh.). Low muddy shores and in shallow water; frequent. Variable. Forma flnitaus (Engelm.) Flora of Vermont 165 Blake. Rhod. 15:159. North Hero, (Brainerd) ; Lake Champlain, (C. E. Faxon); Swanton and Burlington, (Blake). Forma rigida (Pursh.) Blake. Rhod. 15:159. Albiirg, (Pringle) ; Ferrisburg, (Brainerd) ; Shelburne and Colchester, (Blake). S. latifolia Willd. (S. variabilis Engelm.). Wet places; common. Forma dirersifolia (Engelm.) Robinson. (S. brevirostra Mack. & Bush.). With type; occasional. Forma gracilis (Pursh.) Robin- son. With type; occasional. Forma ol)tiisa (Muhl.) Robinson. With type; occasional. HYDROCHARITACEAE. FROG'S BIT FAMILY ELODEA. (PHILOTRIA). Water-weed E. canadensis Michx. Slow streams and ponds; frequent. VALLISNERIA. Tape Grass. Eel Grass V. spiralis L. Quiet, shallow water with sandy bottom; common. GRAMINEAE. GRASS FAMILY AGROPYRON A. cauiunm (L.) Beauv. Awned Wheat Grass. Dry, warm, rocky woodlands of the lower altitudes; frequent. A. repens* (L.) Beauv. Couch, Quitch or Quick Grass. Fields and waste places; common. A. tenerum Vasey. (A. novae-angliae Scribn.). Slender Wheat Grass. Willoughby Mt., Smugglers' Notch. AGROSTIS. Bent Grass A. alba L. White Bent Grass. Meadows and fields; common. Var. vulgaris* (With.) Thurb. Red Top. Fields; common; dryer situa- tions than type. A, alba L., var. aristata Gray. Upland pastures; frequent. A. alba L., var. maritima (Lam.) G. F. W. Mey. Damp shores, Burling- ton, (Mrs. N. F. Flynn). A. borealis Hartm. (A. canina var. alpina Oakes). Summits of Mt. Mansfield and Camel's Hump, (Pringle). A. hyemalis (Walt.) BSP. (A. scabra Willd.). Hair Grass. Dry ditches and desiccated places; common. A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Thin Grass. Moist shaded places; frequent. ALOPECURUS. Foxtail Grass A. geiiiculatiis L., var. aristulatus Torr. (A. aristulatus Michx.). Float- ing Foxtail Grass. Wet meadows; frequent. A. prateiisis* L. Meadow Foxtail Grass. Introduced in fields and along roadsides; "Bellows Falls," (Carey); Hartland, (Ruggles) ; Burlington, (Jones) ; Rutland, (Kirk) ; Newfane, (Wheeler). AMMOPHILA A. arenaria (L.) Link. (A. arundinacea Host). Beach Grass. Sandy shore of Lake Champlain, Alburg, (Pringle). 166 Bulletin 187 ANDROPOGON. Beard Grass A. furcatus MuhL Forked Beard Grass. Dry, rocky banks of rivers and lakes; occasional in the lower altitudes. A. scoparius Michx. (Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash.). Broom Beard Grass. Dry, sterile soil; frequent. ANTHOXANTHUM. Sweet Vernal-grass A, odoratum* L. Moist fields and roadsides; common. ARISTIDA. Triple-awned Grass A. dichotoma Michx. Poverty Grass. Barren fields; Pownal, (Rob- bins); New Haven, (Pringle) ; Essex, (Mrs. N. F. Flynn). A, gracilis Ell. Dry pastures; Vernon, (Grout). ARRHENATHERUM. Oat-grass A. elatius* (L.) Beauv. (A. avenaceum Beauv.). Tall Oat-grass. Char- lotte, (Horsford) ; Burlington, (Jones); Rutland, (Kirk). AVENA. Oat A. fatua* L. East Wallingford, (Kent). A. pubesceiis* Huds. Charlotte, (Pringle). A. satiya* L. Cultivated and frequently escapes. BRACHYELYTRUM B. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. Moist shaded places; frequent. BRIZA. Quaking Grass B. media* L. In old meadow, Charlotte, (Pringle) ; woods, near Ever- green Cemetery, Rutland, (Kirk). 