None
| Colony erect. Branches of two or one series of zooecia, divided at intervals by chitinous joints. Ovicells pear-shaped. ; _ Crisia (Fig. 237) ae erect, unjointed ; : ? : . 69 Colony in the main adherent ; or circular; or lobed. . 64 [ Colony more or less circular, discoidal or cup-shaped, sometimes forming secondary colonies by marginal budding . . 65 Colonies not circular . : ‘ % ' . 68 Zooecia separated by calcified interspaces, which may contain large pores, often difficult to distinguish from the orifices . 66 ‘No large pores as above. Orifices not spiny. Zooecia nearly always contiguous, except where an ovicell is developed res ene (Colony composed of one or more convex dises, bearing radial ridges, each composed of many zooecia ; . Domopora Colony encircled by a thin calcareous lamina, which gives rise to new zooecia, its centre usually devoid of zooecia when adult, and often bearing the orifice(s) of the ovicell. Zooecial orifices often spiny. 4 Lichenopora { Zooecia with a long, tubular, free portion, in some cases curved in a horizontal plane. Colony fan-shaped until a late stage. Tubulipora flabellaris Tubular portion absent, or for the most part curved in a vertical plane. Some of the orifices may be closed by a calcareous plate. Colony circular or bluntly lobed. : . Diastopora \ 1 Hincks, ‘‘ Marine Polyzoa” (reprints from Ann. Nat. Hist. 1880-91), Index, p. v. note. (Replacing Rhynchopora, preoccupied for a Brachiopod. ) 2 A form of Lepralia pallasiana, in which a mucro is developed, may be mistaken for Umbonula (see characters given for Lepralia under No. 59). 532 «~ POLYZOA CHAP. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 7 AS 75. 76. . Zooecia in one or few series, forming a linear or branched cl 4 which is closely adherent, but may give rise to short erec portions. Branches narrow, but often broadening at their ends, Zooecia usually with a free upper end ; . Stomatope a < Colony broadly lobed, some of the zooecia in transverse or oblique — ridges composed of contiguous zooecia, arranged like a row ge organ-pipes : Idmonea wrpens Colony broadly lobed, . or fan-shaped ; zooecia in many series, which - are not arranged like organ-pipes . : . Tubulipora ‘Well branched. Orifices confined to one surface of the colony . _ _Not much branched. ‘ ; ‘ : : ae Zooecia in transverse rows, their upper ends united in the manner of a | a row of organ-pipes. Ovicell Se present). an inflation of the — front of the branch . Idmonea atlantica — Zooecia not in regular franaveres rows. Ovicell peers present) large, mostly on the back of the branch . . Hornera Branches cylindrical, their ends massive and raised into radial a ridges, which carry the orifices j . Domopora stellata Ends of zooecia tubular, arranged all round the branch. Entalophora Ctenostomata. ( Colony entirely adherent, or forming thick, soft, erect lobes , 78 Colony erect, well-branched, dark and opaque, resembling seaweed. | Zooecia with a long tubular free portion . Anguinella palmata — Orifice large, with two distinct lips. A variable number of stout, — brown spines. Encrusting . . Flustrelia hispida Orifice small, rounded, borne by a more or less distinct papilla. < Enerusting or erect. Zooecia crowded, rarely in single lines. ey ” Aleyonidium 4 Orifice small, rounded. Zooecia bef separated, connected by ‘ narrow tubes : ; : . Arachnidium ( Axis of colony erect, usually branched ; . . Tia ' | Axis creeping . ; . toe Zooecia in elongated clusters, which occur at intervals . 8 Zovecia not grouped ; or in irregular groups ; or in whorls Ree? | Zooecia regularly biserial ; 77 Zooecia long, less regularly arranged. ‘Polypide with a gizzard. Bowerbankva (Fig. 238) Clusters of zooecia very regular, occurring immediately below a | bifurcation of the axis. Zooecium with a broad base, not movable. Amathia lendigera Zooecia arranged like the pinnules of a leaf, with a constricted base, and movable on the branch ’ . Mimosella gracilis XIX BRITISH MARINE GENERA 533 {Main stem zigzag. Branchlets delicate, many ending in sharp points. Zooecia small, ovoid ; . Vesicularia spinosa 78. . Axis jointed. * Zooecia small, in small a Polypide without a { gizzard : ; “alkeria wea, var. cuscuta Zooecia in whorls, attached to the axis by Pia stalks, much | longer than themselves , . Hippuraria egertonr Zooecia pear-shaped, produced at the lower end into a distinct stalk. 79 Gizzard absent. . 80 * ) Zooecia not distinctly stalked, although sonipiigaes consérioted at the base ; < : ; : ‘ asyran (Stalk long. Zooecium movable on its stalk, compressed, with a membranous area on one side. Twelve or more tentacles. Usually found on Crustacea : : Triticella 80. - Stalk variable. Zooecium very transparent ; or rifice bilabiate. Ten ; to sixteen tentacles ‘ ‘ Farrella repens Zooecium very small, much elongated and narrow. Hight tentacles. Valkeria tremula ‘(See also Arachnidium, No. 73). Zooecia short, minute, with a few short spines on each side of its 81 broadened base. Upper end tubular ; Buskia ivitens | Zooecia elongated ; 482 89 Zooecia transparent. : é : . 84 * | Zooecia brown, often wit opaque 5 ; . 883 Zooecia large (about ;4, inch long), distant, jesabnovel at the base, 83 bearing scattered bristles. Usually found on Crabs or Hydroids. Avenella fusca Zooecia tall, cylindrical, not constricted at the base . Cylindroectum Zooecia minute. Axis dilating at intervals into swellings, from which new zooecia originate. These may give rise to new stolons, or directly to new zooecia. No gizzard. Found in brackish or fresh water ‘ : ; Victorella pavida Axis not dilated, as above ; k ‘ : . 85 ( Zooecia small, in small groups. No gizzard . . Valkerva wa Zooecia long, scattered or in groups. Gizzard present. Bowerbankia (creeping forms) 85. It is highly probable that the Ctenostome genus Hypophorella * will before long be added to the British Fauna. The animal consists of delicate stolons, which give off small zooecia at intervals; and it is known to excavate passages in the substance of the tubes of certain Polychaet worms (Chaetopterus and Lanice). 1 See Arch. Zool. Hap. 2 ser. vi. 1888, p. 135 (as Delagia), and ibid. x. 1892, p. 594. [See also J. Mar. Biol. Ass. v., 1897-99, p. 51.] ADDENDUM TO CHAETOGNATHA SincE the Chapter on the Chaetognatha was printed the following list* of “The Known Chaetognaths of Anctaas Waters ” has appeared :— 1. Sagitta elegans Verr. This species resembles S. bipunctata (vide pp. 191 and 193), but differs in size, in the relative proportions of - caudal and body segments, and in the presence of diverticula from the intestine. 2. Sagitta flaccida Con. This species resembles S. hexaptera (vide p. 193) ; it is, however, smaller (length, 1°3-1°8 cm.) and has more spines (anterior, 7-8, posterior, 10-12), and its tail segment is relalnveaa smaller. 3. Sagitta tenuis Con. Length, 5°25 mm.; hooks, 7-8; anterior spines, 4-5; posterior spines, 7-10.. 4. Sagitta hispida? Con. Length, 7-11 mm.; hooks, 8-9; anterior spines, ; 4-5; posterior spines, 8-15; tail segment one-third body length ; intestine with two diverticula; sensory hairs very numerous. 5. Sagitta heaaptera (vide p. 193). 6. Krohnia hamata (vide p. 194).. 7. Spadella maxima Con. Length, 5:2 cm.; hooks, 6; anterior spines, 3-53 posterior spines, 5-7; epidermal thickenings round the neck. 8. Spadella draco (vide p. 194). 9. Spadella schizoptera? Con. An opaque, yellowish-brown species living among algae. Length, 4 mm.; hooks, 8; anterior spines, 4-6; posterior spines wanting. Caudal segment occupies one-half the. body length. Professor Verrill states that the name S. gracilis (vide p. 191) was due to a clerical error, the species really referred to being S. elegans. - A. E. 8. 1 F. S. Conant, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire. vol. xv. 1896, p. 82. 2 Tbid. vol. xiv. 1896, p. 77. 3 4 : 5 ) { 234 a eee Sein ES | INDEX Every reference is to the page: words in italics are names of genera or species ; figures in italics indicate that the reference relates to systematic position ; figures in thick type refer to an illustration ; f. ACANELLA, as host, 298 Acanthobdella, 395 Acanthocephala, 123, 124, 174 f.; embry- ology, 179 ; classification, 181 Acanthocotyle, 73 Acanthodrilidae, 357, 362, 381, 383, 384 Acanthodrilus, 356, 363, 366, 372, 382, 384; chaetae, 350 Acgnthozoon, 20 Accessory gut, of Polychaeta, 305 Aceros, 19 Achaeta, 445 Acholoe, 297 Aciculum, 247 ; fossil, 302 Acmostoma, 50 Acoela, 42; occurrence and habits, 43 ; reproduction, 47 ; classification, 49 Acotylea, 16 f., 17, 18 Acrorhynchus, 49 ; occurrence, 44 Actinotrocha larva, 458 Actinurus, 201, 222 Acyclus, 221 Adaptation, of Trematodes, 52, 62; Cestodes, 74 ; of Nematodes, 161 Adherent, 523 Adineta, 204, 222, 227 Adventitious avicularia, 482 Aeolosoma, 349, 353, 354, 360, 370, 374, 375 Aetea, 518, 525 Agassiz, on Syllidae, 280 Alaurina claparedii, 49 Albertia, 204, 210, 213, 224, 227 Alciope, 315 Alciopids (Alciopina), 374; head, parapodium, 265; habit, 291; organs, 294 Alciopina parasitica, 298 Alcyonella, 494, 505, 518 Alcyonellea, 518 Aleyonidium, 477, 480, 492, 518, 532 of 263 ; light- | and in following page or pages ; n. = note. structure of zooecium, 469; reproduc- tion, 507, 508 ; larva, 510, 511 Alimentary canal—see Digestive System Alitta, 317 Allantonema, 131, 150, 151, 161 Allman, on Polyzoa, 474, 475 Alloeocoela, 43 ; habits, 46 ; reproduction, 47 ; classification, 50 Alloiogenesis, 66 n. Allolobophora, 351, 367, 369, 371, 386, 389, 390 f. ; cocoons, 365 Allostoma pallidum, 50 Alluroides, 379 Allurus, 351, 366, 370, 389 ; cocoons, 365 Alma, 352 f., 387 Alternation of generations, 66, 81, 281 Amathia, 481, 518, 532 Ammocharidae, 258, 325 Ammotrypane, 273, 331 ; Ampharete, 330 Ampharetidae, 258, 330 Amphibia, Trematodes of, 55, 62, 71, 72; Nematodes of, 163 Amphichaeta, 377 Amphicoerus, 49 Amphicora, 339 Amphicorine, gill, 261 Amphicorinidae, 258, 339 Amphicteis, 330 — Amphictenidae, 258, 530 Amphiglena, 273, 339 Amphileptus, 235 Amphilina, 91 Amphinome, eye of, 255; A. smaragdina, colour, 293 intestine, 271 Amphinomidae, 258, S18;5 shape, 259 ; caruncle, 260, 273 n. : head, 262, 263 ; parapodium, 264 ; cirri, 265 ; chaetae, 267, 267; in Lepas, 297 Amphiporus, 102, 114 ; British species, 770 Amphiptyches, 77 5 36 INDEX Amphistomatidae, 73 Amphistomum, 71, 73; A. hominis, 63 Amphitrite, 327, 328 ; gill, 329 Ampullaria, Temnocephala with, 53 Anachaeta, 350, 376, 395 Anal,.cirri, 259; funnel, 259, 332, 333 ; vesicles, 358, 436 Anangian worms, 253 Anarthropora, 529 Ancylostomum, 148, 163 Andrews, on Sipunculus, 417, 426 Angiostomum, 134 Angler-fish, Trematodes of, 62, 72 Anguillula aceti, 125, 154; A. 125 ; A. diplogaster, 155 Anguillulidae, 1387, 154 Anguinella, 532 Annadrilus, 386 Annelida, 241 Anocelis, 42 Anonymidae, 19 Anonymus, 16, 18, 19, 20 ; Anopla, 109 Anoplocephala, 91; characters, 90: A. mamillana, 90; A. perfoliata, life-history, 83 ; specific characters, 90: A. plicata, specific characters, 90 Anoplodiscus, 73 Anoplodium, 50; A. parasiticum, rence, 45 Antaeus, 388 Antedon, as host, 342 Antenna, of Rotifers, 215 Anthobothrium, 76 n., 91 Anthocotyle, 73 Antinoé, 298 Antipathes, as host, 298 Anuraea, 225, 226 Anuraeidae, 201, 205, 225, 226 A’oon, an edible worm, 297 Apel, on Priapuloidea, 433 Aperture, of zooecium, 468, 517, 523, 524 Aphaneura, 353, 374 Aphanostoma, 49 ® Aphanostomatidae, 49 Aphelenchus, 131, 155, 157 Aphrodite, 312; ‘shape, 258 ; head, 260 ; peristomium, 263 ; chaetae, 268 ; felt- ing, 312; intestine, 271; genital cells, 273; colour, 291: <A. aculeata, 312; distribution, 299 ; A. echidna, 299 Aphroditidae, 258, 309; frontal ridge, 260 ; parapodium, 264; elytra, 266, 309; chaetae, 266 Apical plate, of Trochosphere, 245 Apodina, 235 A podoides, 225 Apogon, Scolex polymorphus in, TT Apsilidae, 201, 203, 214, 220, 221 Apsilus, 201, 212, 213, 214, 227 Arabellites, 302 Aruchnidium, 532 tritici, penes, 27 occur- anatomy, 243 f.;_— nerve cords, 255 ; development, 243,245 — Archigetes, 5, 74, 76, 91; significance of, 4 Area, of zooecium, 523, 524 Arenicola, 333; perienteric sinus, 252 ; nephridium, 253, 254, 269; pro- stomium, 259 ; body, 259; head, 264 ; gill, 265; chaetae, 266 f.; genital organs, 273; otocyst, 273; burrows, 285 ; ; pigment, 291; colour, 293; A. marina, 333 ; habits, 301; in brackish water, 284 ; as bait, 297 ; ‘eggs, 314 Arenicolidae, 258, 333° Argilophilus, 372 Arhynchidae, 185 Arhynchus hemignathi, 181, 185 Aricia, otocyst, 273 ; eggs, 275 Ariciidae, 258, 321; gill, 265 Aristotle, on Earthworms, 347 Armata, 445, 446 Arthropoda, absence of cilia in, 124 Articulata, 517, 518 Ascaridae, 131, 138, 163 Ascaris, 139, 163; A. acus, 130; A. alata, 140; A. depressa, 141; A. ferow, 141 ; A. incurva, 141; A. leptoptera, 141; A. lumbricoides, 125, 134, 135, 139, 163 ; A. megalocephala, 125, 127, 128, 131, 136, 140, 163; A. mucronata, 141 ; A. mystax, 125, 180, 140; A. nigrovenosa, 155; A. rubicunda, 141; A. swillae, 139; om sulcata, 141; A. transfuga, 125, 126, 141 Ascodictyon, 521 n. Ascomorpha, 223 Ascopodaria, 488 n. Asellus, Rotifers attached to, 227 Asexual reproduction, in Triclads, 40; in Rhabdocoels, 44; in Cestodes, 80; in Trichoplax and Salinella, 96 ; in Poly- chaeta, 278 f., 279, 280, 282, 340; in Oligochaeta, 374, 375, 377 ; in Polyzoa, 496, 514 Aspidobothridae, 73 Aspidocotyle, 73 Aspidocotylea, 73 Aspidogaster, 63, 73 Aspidosiphon, 421, 423, 424, 425, 428 ; commensalism of, 429 Asplanchna, 200, ‘205, 210, 213, 215 n., 223, 226 Asplanchnaceae, 203, 212, 220, 222 Asplanchnidae, 200, 201, 203, 205, 211, 212, 216, 223, 226, 230 Asplanchnopus, 201, 211, 222, 223, 296, 230 Ass, parasites of, 140 Association, of Rhabdocoels with Lamelli- branchs and Sea-urchins, 45 ; of Mono- tus fuscus with littoral animals, 46 ; significance, in Turbellaria, 51—see also Commensal and Parasitic Archiannelida, 241; en ‘ INDEX hey Asteroids, as hosts, 341 —— Asterope, 315 Astropecten, as host, 297, 309 Atokous phase, 277 n. Atractonema, 131, 750, 152, 153 _ Atrium (genital), in Planaria, 38, 39 ; in Oligochaeta, 361, 378 Atrochus, 201, 213, 214, 221 | Builharzia, 4, 73; B. crassa, 70; B. haema- Auditory organs, of Turbellaria, 26; of | Hoplonemertea, 106, 110 ; of Nematoda, 128; of Polychaeta, 273 Aulastomum, 393, 399, 403 . Auricles, of Rotifers, 205 Autolytus, 308 ; eye, 255 ; denticles, 270 ; | brood-sac, 275, 276 ; reproduction, 278, 279; sexual dimorphism, 281; A. ebiensis, eggs, 276 Automolos, British species, 50 Avenella, 533 Avicularian zooecium, 482, 524 - Avicularium, 466, 467, 468, 482 f., 482, 516, 517, 522 f., 524; adventitious, | 482; vicarious, 482; vibraculoid, 484, 485 ; structure, 483 ; movements, 485 ; function, 486 Axine, 56, 73 Axiothea, 33.2, 333 BAELY, on human parasites, 139 _ Baird, on Oligochaeta, 382 Bait, Polychaeta as, 297 Baker, on Rotifers, 197, 207 ; on Polyzoa, 496 n. Balanoglossus, with, 120 Balatro, 204, 212, 224, 227 Balfour, on Trochosphere, 229 Barentsia, 488 n. Barrois, on Polyzoa, 509 Basement-membrane, of Leptoplana, 11, 12; of Nemertines, 102, 103, 110 f. Bathymetrical distribution, of Polychaeta, 300 Bdellodrilus, 376 Bdelloida, 201, 203 f., 211, 213, 215, 216, 222, 227 Bdellouridae, 32, 42 Beania, 518, 525 Beddard, on Tetrastemma aquarium dul- cium, 118; on Oligochaeta, 347 f.; on Leeches, 392 f. Bedwell, on Rotifers, 198 affinities of Nemertinea Beneden, van, on Cestodes, 76; on Nema- | todes, 162 ; on Phovonis, 450 Benham, on a fresh-water Tetrastemana, 118 ; on Archiannelida, 241 f. ; on Poly- chaeta, 245 f. ; on Myzostomaria, 341 f. ; on Oligochaeta, 357, 373, 382; on Phoronis, 452 f. Benhamia, 383 f. Bicellaria, 481, 518, 526, 527 Bilfinger, on Rotifers, 212 tobia, 63, 68 f., 69 Bimastos, 889 Bipaliidae, 35, 42 Bipalium, 33, 34, 42, 408 Birds, Trematodes of, 62, 63, 64, 72; Cestodes of, 77 f., 84, 85; Nematodes of, 144, 149, 163; Gordius of, 173; Acanthocephala of, 184, 185 Bisexual, Turbellaria, 44; Trematodes, 70 f. Bladder, of Rotifers, 214 Bladder-worms, 5, 79 f., 89 _ Blanchard, on Céstoda, 91; on Hirudinea, 392 f.,-405, 408 Blastomeres, of egg of Distomum, 65 Blood, of Nemertinea, 108 ; of Polygordius, 244 ; of Chaetopoda, 252; of Chlor- haemidae, 252, 334; of JAagelona, 252, 325; of Sabelliformia, 252, 337 Blood-corpuscles, in Chaetopoda, 252 Body-cavity (including Coelom), of Nema- toda, 130; of Gordius, 166; of Acan- thocephala, 175, 178 ; of Chaetognatha, 187 ; of Archiannelids, 243, 244; of Polychaeta, 249; of Myzostoma, 343 ; of Oligochaeta, 355 ; of Leeches, 397 ; of Gephyrea, 416; of Phoronis, 454, 462; of Polyzoa, 468, 488, 495 Body-wall, of Nemertinea, 102, 103; of Nematodes, 125 ; of Gordiidae, 165; of Acanthocephala, 175 ; of Chaetognatha, 187 ; of Rotifers, 205; of Wereis, 249 ; of Oligochaeta, 349 ; of Gephyrea, 414, 436; of Phoronis, 454; of Polyzoa, 470, 495, 500 Bohadsch, on Gephyrea, 411 Bohemilla, 377 ; chaeta, 350 Bonellein, 435, 292 Bonellia, 411, 434, 442; anatomy, 434 f., 435; male, 438; development, 439; habits of, 442 ; as host, 297 Bonnet, on Oligochaeta, 348, 379 Boring Worms, 286, 287 Borlase, on Lineus marinus, 99 Borlasia elizabethae, 111, 114 Bothriocephalidae, 9 Bothriocephalinae, 97 Bothriocephalus, 91; B. cordatus, 81, 91 ; B. cristatus, 81, 91; B. latus, in man, 81, 91; life-history, 84 ; reproductive organs, 87 f.; larva, 87; B. mansoni (=B. liguloides), 81, 91 Bothriocerca, 226 Bothrioneuron, 379 Bothrioplana, 46, 50 Bothrioplanidae, 42, 46, 50 Bothromesostoma personatum, 49 Bourne, on Oligochaeta, 352, 373, 377 n., 380 ; on Leeches, 400 Bouvier, on commensal Gephyrea, 429 538 INDEX Bowerbankiu, 470, 480, 481, 492, 500, 528, 532, 533; 514 Brachionidae, 225 Brachionus, 200, 201, 204, 218, 225, 226, 227 Brachydrilus, 357 Brackish water, Rotifers, 226 ; 284 ; Polyzoa, 492 Bradynema, 150, 151, 160 Braem, on statoblasts, 503 f. Brain—see Nervous System Branchellion, 393, 395, 397, 401, 406 Branchial crown, 336; regeneration of, 283 Branchiobdella, 376 Branchiomma, 337 ; gills, 261 ; eyes, 272; B. vigilans on Aphrodite, 299 Branchiura, 352, 361, 367,378 f.; verse section, 353 Braun, on Platyhelminthes, etc., 6 n., 55 n., 62, 94 Brettia, 525, 527 Bristles = Chaetae, qv. Bristle-worms, 241 British, Polycladida, 19; Tricladida, 42 ; Rhabdocoelida, 49; Nemertinea, 100, 110 f.; Polychaeta, 306 f.; Earth- worms, 390; Leeches, 393 ; Gephyrea, 449; Polyzoa, 488 n., 505, 523 f. Brood-pouch, of Spirorbis, 261, 276, 341 ; of Salmacina, 276 ; of Entoprocta, 487, 507 Brood-sac, of Autolytus, 275; of Myria- nida, 280 Brown body, in Polyzoa, 468, 471 f., 472, 489, 496, 510, 514 Brown tubes (nephridia), of Sipunculoidea, 415, 417, 423, 425; of Echiuroidea, 435, 487, 439, 441; of Epithetosomat- oidea, 445; used as generative ducts, 418, 438 ; absent in Priapuloidea, 430 Bryozoa, 475 Buceal region, 269 ; of Nereis diversicolor, 248 ; cultrifera, 316 Buchanan, on marine muds, 423 Buchholzia, 359 Budding, in Syllidae, 279, 283 (see also Gemmation) ; in Polyzoa, 467, 514 (see also. Polypide-bud) Bugula, 467, 468, 477, 481, 515, 517, 578, 519, 526; avicularia, 483, 485; larva, 511 Bunge, on respiration in Nematoda, 130 Biirger, on Nemertinea, 109, 112; on Nectonema, 168 ; on Hirudinea, 397, 403 Burrows, of Polychaeta, 285, 304; of Cirratulus, 286; of Nereis, 286, 316, 317 ; of Arenicola, 333 ; fossil, 302 ; of Earthworms, 368 ; of Sipwnculus, 426 Bursa seminalis, in Rhabdocoels, 48 larva, 511, 5135; budding, Polychaeta, trans- in Polychaeta, 249, 250, of, WV. Busk, on Polyzoa, 465 n., 475, 487, 519 Buskia, 533 ; Biitschli, on Nematoda, 137 Byrsophlebs, occurvence, species, 49 44; British — Sir ime 487, 518, 526 ; vibracula, 486, 1 de Caecum, in Polyzoa, 499 Calathus, host of Gordius, 172 Calceostominae, 72 Calceostomum, 73 Caldwell, on Phoronis, Calicotyle, 72 he Callidina, 201, 202, 204, 218, 219, 222, 225, 227, 230 ac Calliobothrium, 76 1.097% Calotte, of Dicyemids, 93 Calyx, 488 ’ Camerano, on development of ‘Gordius, 170° ' Capitella, 331 ; peristomium, 263 ; special “it chaetae, 267, 268 ; habitat, 286; colour, 291; O. cipitata, distribution, 299 Capitellidae, 258, 331, 373 Capitelliformia, 258, 305; guanin in, 253; body, 259; buccal region, 269; siphon, 272; ciliated organs, 272, 273 ; genital organs, 273 Carabus, host of Gordius, 172 Carinella, 112 ; British species, 112 Carinellidae, side organs of, 107 Caruncle, of Amphinomidae, 260, 273 n., 318 Caryophyllaeus, 91; C. mutabilis, tt Castalia, 308 ; distribation of, 300 Castings, of Polychaeta, 285 ; fossil, 302 ; of Arenicola, 333 Castrada, 44, 49 Cat, parasites of, 80, 125, 130, 140, 143, 144, 145 Catenicella, 518, 519 Catenula, 49 Cathypna, 225 Cathypnidae, 225 Cellaria, 479, 515, 518, 519, 526 ; zooecia and aviculariurh, 482 Cellepora, 518, 527, 528, 5295 avicularia, — 483, 517 ' Celleporella, 529 Cellularia, 518, 527 . 2 Cellularina, 5/78 Cement- -glands, of Rotifers, 205 Cephalic slits, of Nemertinea, 101, 104, 107, 111, 112 Cephalisation, in Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, 377 Cephalodiscus, 461 f. Cephalopods, parasites of, 78, 92 ; containing Dicyemids, 94 Cephalosiphon, 205, 221 Cephalothrix, 112 454, 456, 461 — —-* larva, 77 263; in list of, INDEX 539 Cercaria, 13, 65, 67, 71 f.; C. macrocerca, 723; OC. cystophora, 72 Cercyra, 42 Cerebral organ, of Nemertinea, 107; of Gephyrea, 417 Cerebratulus, 101, 111, 114; British species, 171 Cerfontaine, on Earthworms, 349, 350 Cestoda, characters of the group, 5, 74; nature of, 76 f.; occurrence, 77 - 82 ; life-histories, 83 ; structure and develop- ment, 84-89 ; synoptic table of, 89 f. ; classification, 91 Cestodariidae (= Monozoa), 91 Cestoplana, 17, 18, 19 Cestoplanidae, 19 Chaetae, 241; of Polychaeta, 266, 267; provisional, 274; of Nereis, 246, 247 ; of Heteronereid, 276, 277 ; jointed, 246; natatory, in sexual Syllid, 278, 307 ; iridescent, 268, 291, 312; palmate, of Coabangia, 339 n.; colour, 291 ; genital, of Cupitella, 331; of Sternaspis, 336 ; special, of Polydora, 261, 267, of Chae- topterus, 267, 324 ; of Myzostoma, 342 ; of Oligochaeta, 347, 350, 351, 352; penial, 362; of Microdrili, 375 f.; of Megadrili, 381 f.; of Lumbricidae, 389, 390 ; of Leeches, 395, 396 ; (=hooks), of Echiuroid Gephyrea, 434, 435, 438, 440 f., 446 Chaetifera, 445, 446 Chaetobranchus, 352 Chaetogaster, 356, 377, 401 Chaetognatha, 186 f., 534 ; anatomy, 186 ; development, 189 ; habits, 189 ; classi- fication, 191; key to, 193 ; American species, 534 Chaetonotus, 232, 235 Chaetopoda, 241 f.; as food for Nemertinea, 115 Chaetopteridae, 258, 323 Chaetopterus, 304 n., 323; anatomy, 323 f. ; special chaetae, 267 ; larva, 274, 325; pigment, 292; phosphorescence, 295, 296; commensals of, 298, 478, 533 ; Ch. variopedatus, 324 Chaetosoma, 158 Chaetosomatidae, 158 Chaetosyllis, form of head, 278 Chaetozone, 326 ; uncini, 268 Chaetura, 235 Chalk, Serpulids of, 301 Charles, on male guinea-worm, 148 Cheilostomata, 477, 506, 518, 519, 525, 526 f.; occurrence, 478; external characters (see also Avicularium and Vibraculum), 481; ovicells, 507; re- production, 507 f. Cirratulus, 326 ; burrows, 286; pigment, 292 ; colour, 293 ; viviparous, 276; C. tentaculatus, 326 Cirri, of Nereis, 246 ; of Polychaeta, 265 ; of Myzostoma, 342; anal, 259; nuchal, of Eunicidae, 318; peristomial, of Nereis, 248; nerves to, 254 ; of Polychaeta, 263 Cladocora, with Myzxicola, 294 Claparéde, on Heteronereis, 276, 277 ; on Earthworms, 347, 355, 356 Claus, on Nematoda, 138 ; on Seisonaceae, 225 n. Clepsine—see Glossiphonia Clitellio, 366, 378 Oloeosiphon, 424, 425, 429 Clover sickness, 155 Clymene, 833; C. ebiensis, tube of, 287 Clymenidae—see Maldanidae Ooabangia, 284, 339 n. Cobb, on Nematoda, 131 n., 138 Cobbold, on Nematoda, 140 Cobitis, host of Gordius, 173 Cochleare, 22 Cocoons, of Triclads, 40 ; of Oligochaeta, 364, 365; of Leeches, 404 Coelom—see Body-cavity Coelomic fluid, of Polychaeta, 2523 as cause of colour, 291 Coelopus, 225 Cohn, on Rotifers, 198 Collar, peristomial, of Sabellidae, 336 ; of Gephyrea, 421; of Ctenostomata, 470, 477, 480, 481 Colonial nervous system, 471 82 . AJ ? 2OKIN eet 540 INDEX Colony, of Myrianida, 281 ; . ramosa, 282; of Polyzoa, 466 Colour of Polyclads, 20; of Land Planarians, 33 ; of Nemertinea, 102 ; of Polychaeta, 291, 314, 340 Coluridae, 207, 2 22 Colurus, 228, bs Comatula, as host, 342 Commensal, Polychaeta, 297 f., 323, 325 ; Gephyrea, 428, 429; Polyzoa, 489 Conn, on development of Gephyrea, 449 n., 441, 444, 447 Conoceros, 19 Conochilus, 202, 203, 205, 215, 221, 226 Conocyema, hosts of, 94 Convoluta, 45 ; British species, 43, 49; C. hensent, pelagic habit, 43 ; C. roscoffensis, assimilating tissue, 45 Copepoda, on Polychaeta, 299 Copeus, 215, 224 Coral reefs, Polychaeta in, 293 Corallina (=Coralline Alga), 14, 488, 516 Coralline, 465 Coralline Crag, 465, 521 Corallobothriun, 91 Corethra, host of Gordius, 172 Cori, on Phoronis, 451 f. Cornulites, 302 Cotylea, 16 f., 17, 18 Cotylogaster, 73 Cotyloplana, 35 Crateromorpha, as host, 282 of Syilis Crayfish, Temnocephala associated with, | 53 Creeper, 317 Crepina, 450 Cretaveous, Polyzoa, 520, 521 Cribrilina, 518, 524, 528 Crinoids, as hosts, 341 Criodrilus, 358, 366, 386 Crisia, 471, 478, 479, 480, 507, 518, 531 Crisiidae, 517 Crisp, on Parasites, 164 Oristatella, 494 f., 495, 499, 501, 503-505, 512, 518; attacked by Planarians, 486 ; movements, 494, 496, 498 ; fission, 496, 506 ; statoblast, 502, 503 ; larva, 512 Crossopodia, 302 Crotchets, 266, 267, 305, 322 Crustacea, parasites of, 174, 179, 182 Cryptocelis, 19, 24 Cryptocephala, 258, 303, 305; vascular system, 252; prostomium, 259; tenta- cles, 263 ; eyes, 272 ; food, 296 Cryptodrilidae, 357, 362, 373, 382 Oryptodrilus, 372, 382 f. Ctenodrilus, 373 Ctenophores, as hosts, 298 Ctenostomata, 470, 477, 479, 480, 618, 532; occurrence, 478; in fresh water, 492 ; external characters, 480; repro- duction, 507; larva, 511; relation to Phylactolaemata, 493, 502 f. ; fossi 521 n. il Cucullanus, 136, 142, 163; C. clog 143, 1 Cucumaria, as host, 298 Cuénot, on Gephyrea, 416 n. Cuticle, of Nemathelminthes, 125, 165, 175 ; of Rotifera, etc., 205, 233, 236 ; of Polyzoa, 470—see also Epidermis Cuvier, on Oligochaeta, 352 ; on Gephyrea, Cyclatella, 489 {411 Cyclicobdella, 392 Cycloporus, 19, 22, 24 Cyclops, parasites of, 148, 148, 161 Cyclorhagae, 238 Cyclostomata, 477, 479, 506, 517, 518, 525, 581; occurrence, 478; external characters, 480; ovicells, 507; repro- duction, 507, 511; larva, 511; fossil, 520, 521 Cydippe, as host, 298 Cylindroecium, 533 Cylindrostoma, 46 ; British species, 50 Cyphonautes, 509, 510, 512, 520 Cyprina, Malacobdella found on, 119 Cyrtonia, 224 Cyst, of Land-Planarians, 33; of Myzo- stoma, 342, 343, 344; (capsules), of Aeolosoma, 370, 375 Cystibranchus, 395, 406 Cysticercoid-larva, 83, 85, 88 Cysticercus-larva, 79, 80 ; list of, 85 ; C. cel- lulosae, 79, 80; C. pisiformis, develop- ment, 81, 85, 89 Cysticolous, Myzostomaria, 344 Cystoidotaeninae, 97 Cystotaeninae, 97 \ DACTYLOGYRUS, 73 Dalyell, on habits of Turbellaria, 6, 10, 20 ; on regeneration in Polychaeta, 283 ; — on tubes of Polychaeta, 287 ; on Hiru- dinea, 405 n. ; on larvae of Flustra, 466 ; on Cristatella, 496 Danielssen and Koren, on Gephyrea, 442, 444 Daphnia, Rotifers attached to, 227 Dapidia, 225 Darwin, on Earthworms, 354, 359, 368 Dasybranchus, 331; gill, 268 Dasychone, 338; gills, 261; eyes, 2725 regeneration, 283 Dasydetes, 232, 235 Davaine, on Nematoda, 140, 145 Davainea, 91; D. friedbergerit, 84; D. madagascariensis, 80, 84; D. proglottina, life-history, 84 Davenport, on Urnatella, 491 Davis, on Rotifers, 227 Deep-sea, Polychaeta, 300; Polyzoa, 478 Deinodrilus, 351, 384 Delagia, 478 un. ely INDEX 541 Dendrobuena, 382 Dendrocoelum, 30, 35, 39 Dendrostoma, 422, 425, 428 Dendy, on Land Planarians, 33, 34, 38 Denticles, 248, 250, 316, 52 Dero, 352, 377 Derostoma, 44, 50 Desmogaster, 380 Desmoscolecidae, 159 | Desmoscolex, 159, 258 Desor, on Nemertine development, 99 ; Type of, larva, 113 Development, of Polyclads, 28 ; of Nemer- tinea, 99, 113; of Nematoda, 135; of Gordius, 171; of Acanthocephala, 179 ; of Chaetognatha, 189 ; of Rotifers, 218 ; of Archiannelida, 243, 245 ; of Polychaeta, 274 f.; of Oligochaeta, 365; of Leeches, 399 ; of Gephyrea, 419, 432, 439, 447 ; of Phoronis, 458 ; of Polyzoa, 506, 509 —see also Life-history and Larva Diachaeta, 366 Diaphragm, of Wereis introvert, 250, 251 ; of Terebellidae, 304, 327; of Polyzoa, 469, 470, 500, 508 Diaschiza, 225, 226 Diastopora, 518, 531° Dichogaster, 362, 383 Diclidophora, 73 Dicotylus, 32, 35, 36, 42 Dicranotaenia, 91; D. history, 84 Dicyema, 93; vermiform larva of, 92; hosts of, 94 Dieyemennea, .93, 93 ; hosts of, 94 Dicyemidae, 92 f. Didymogaster, 383 Didymozon, 73; D.thynni (= Monostomum bipartitum), 71 Didymozoontidae, 72 Digaster, 358, 359, 382 f. Digenea (Digenetic Trematodes), 5, 52, 62, 73 5 occurrence and habits, 62; life- histories, 63 f., 71 f. Digestive system, of Leptoplana, 11, 12; of Polyclads, 24; of Triclads, 37, 39 ; of Rhabdocoelida, 42 f.; of Temnocephala, 53, 54; of Polystomwm, 57; of Disto- mum, 62; absence of, in Cestodes, 74; of Nemertinea, 103, 103, 104 ; of Nema- toda, 130; of Gordiidae, 166, 169; of Chaetognatha, 187 ; of Rotifers, etc., 209, 233, 237; of Archiannelida, 243; of Polychaeta, 249, 269; of Oligochaeta, 358 ; of Hirudinea, 396 ; of Gephyrea, 414; of Phoronis, 454; of Polyzoa, 468, 469, 487 Digitibranchus, 353 Diglena, 212, 217, 224, 226 Digonopora, 16 Dimorphism, in Polystomum, 59 ; sexual, of Trematodes, 70 ; of Orthonectida, 95 ; coronula, life- of Dinophilus, 243 ; of Polychaeta, 276, 279 f.; of Gephyrea, 438 Dinocharididae, 225 Dinocharis, 225 Dinophilus, 242; D. taeniatus, 242: D., gyrociliatus, sexual dimorphism, 243 Dinops, 223 Diopatra, gill, 318 Diphyllinae, 97 Diplax, 225 Diplectanum, 73 Diplobothrium, 75 Diplocardia, 3885 Diplodiscus, 73; D. (Amphistomum) sub- clavatum, life-history, 71 Diplogaster, 154 Diplois, 225 Diplostomum, 73 Diplozoon, 55, 60, 73 ; life-history, 60, 61; reproductive organs, 60 Diporochaeta, 381 Diporpa, 60, 61 Diporula,. 528 Dipylidium, 81, 91; life-history, 83, 88, 89 ; specific characters, 90 Disc, in Rotifers, 200, 202 f., 202 Discharge, of genital cells ; Nemertinea, 116; Archiannelida, 244 ; Polychaeta, 256, 274, 275 Discobdella, 226 Discocelis, 19, 23 Discodrilidae, 350, 376, 392, 395 Discopus, 201, 222, 226, 227 Dispharagus, 147, 149, 163 Dispinthera, 225 Distemma, 212, 224, 226 Distomatidae, 73 Distomum advena (=D. migrans), life- history, 71; D. appendiculatwm, litfe- history, 71 ; D. ascidia, life-history, 71 ; D. atriventre, life-history, 71; D. brachy- somum, life-history, 71; D. buskii, 63 ; D. caudatum, life-history, 71; D. clavi- gerum, life-history, 72; D. conjunctum, 63; D. crassum, 63; D. cygnoides, life- history, 72; D. cylindraceum, 72; D. dimorphum, 72 ; D. echinatwm, 63 ; life- history, 72; D. echiwri, 444; D. endo- lobum, life-history, 72; D. excavatum, 63; D. ferox, 63; D. globiporum, life- history, 72; D. hians, 63 ; D. hepatiewm (liver-fluke), 3, 63, 67 f.,72; D. hetero- phyes, 63; D. hystrix, life-history, 72 ; D. japonicum (=D. spathulatum), 63 ; D. lanceolatum, 63; D. luteum, excre- tory system of, 62; D. macrostomum, life-history, 64, 65, 72 ; D. magnum, 68 ; D. militare, life-history, 72; D. nodu- losum, life-history, 72 ; D. oculi-humani (=D. ophthalmobium), 63 ; D.ovocauda- tum, life-history, 72 ; D. pulmonale, 63, 70; D. rathouisi, 63, 70; D. retusum, 542 INDEX life-history, 72; D. ringert (=D. pul- monale), 63; D. signatum, life-history, 72; D. sinense, 70; D. spathulatum, 63; D. squamula, life-history, 72; D. trigonocephalum, life-history, 72; D. westermanni (=D. pulmonale), 63 Distyla, 225 Dithyridium, 91 Ditrupa, 301 Diurella, 225, 226 Dochmius, 133, 135, 142, 160, 163; D. cernua, 143; D. duodenalis, 148, 163 ; D. stenocephala, 143 ; D. trigonocephala, 143 Dodecaceria, 287, 326, 327 Dog, parasites of, 80 f., 90, 125, 140, 142, 143, 145 Dolichoplana, 37, 42 Domestic animals, Trematodes of, 67, 68, 70, 72; Cestodes of, 81, 89; Nema- todes of, 139 f., 163; Acanthocephala of, 184 Domopora, 531, 532 Dorsal ciliated organ, 247, 254, 256 Dorsal pores, 348 Dorylaimus, 131, 157, 160 Dracunculus, 131, 135, 147 Drepanidotaenia, 91; D. anatina, life- history, 84, 85; D. gracilis, D. infun- dibuliformis, D. setigera, life-history, 84 Drepanophorus, excretory system, 108 ; British species, 710 Drilophagidae, 224 Drilophagus, 204, 210, 212, 224, 227 Dugés, on Planarians, 6, 10; on Oligo- chaeta, 368 Dujardin, on Rotifers, 198; on Gastro- tricha, 231 ; on Kinorhyncha, 236 Duplicature, 499, 500 Duthiersia, 91 Dwarf males, of Myzostoma, 344; of Gephyrea, 438 EAR-COCKLE, 155 Earthworms, 347, 365 ; senses, 354; food, 359 ; effect on the soil, 368 ; distribu- tion, 369 f.; classification, 380 f.; British, 390—see also Oligochaeta Ebrard, on Hirudinea, 393 Kcheneibothrium, 91 Echinella, 73 Echinobothrium, 74, 75, 85, 91 Echinococcus, 80, 83 Kchinocotyle, 91 Kchinoderes, 236 f., 236 Echinorhynchidae, 182 Echinorhynchus acus, 175, 179 ; #. angus- tatus, 174, 183; H. clavula, 183; #. haeruca, 176; EH. linstowi, 1833; #. lutzii, 183; EH. monilifoymis, 183; £. proteus, 174, 180, 181, 182, 182 Echinosiphon, 424, 429 Kchiuroidea, 241 n., 412, 434, 446; an- atomy, 434 f.; classification, 440; de- velopment, 439 ; parasites, 444 5 habits, 442 : Echiurus, 336, 411, 435, 440, 447; de- velopment, 439 Eckstein, on Rotifers, 198 Eclipidrilus, 380 Economic uses, of Polychaeta, 296, 297 Ectocyst, 469, 470, 523; of Phylacto- laemata, 496 f., 503 Ectoderm, of Mesozoa, 93, 95 Ectoparasitic Trematodes, 4, 52, 53 Ecetoprocta, 475, 518; structure, 469; lophophore, 476 ; reproduction, 506 f.; larva, 509, 510, 511; compared with Entoprocta, 488 Effects, of parasites on their hosts, 56, 68, 69, 80, 94, 162 Eggs, of Leptoplana, 10, 16; of Polyclads, 28; of Triclads, 33, 40; of Rhabdo- coels, 47, 48; of Termatodes, 52; of ectoparasitic Trematodes, 54, 58, 60, 61; of endoparasitic Trematodes, 63, 69 ; of Cestodes, 87 ; of Orthonectidae, 95 ; of Nemertinea, 116; of Nematoda, 135, 162; of Gordius, 171; of Acantho- cephala, 179; of Chaetognatha, 189 ; of Rotifera, 200, 216 f.; of Gastro- tricha, 234; of Nereis, 2563; of Poly- chaeta, 274, 275 ; of Phyllodocids, 314 ; of Scoloplos, 321; of Myzostoma, 343 ; of Polyzoa, 506, 507 Ehrenberg, on Turbellaria, 3, 6; on Roti- — fers, 198, 220 n., 228 ; on Gastrotricha, 231; on Polyzoa (Bryozoa), 475 Eichhorn, on Rotifers, 197 Kisen, on Oligochaeta, 380, 390 Eisig, on Capitellidae, 373; on Bonellia, 443 : Electra, 481, 518, 523, 530; larva, 509, 510; variation, 516 Elytra, of Polynoids, 265, 292, 294, 298, 299, 309, 310, 311; phosphorescent, 295, 296; as brood-pouch, 275; of Aphroditidae, 266 ; arrangement of, B09; of Sigalionina, 313 Enantia, 16 n., 19 Enantiidae, 79 Enchelidium, 157 Enchytraeidae, 359, 360, 361, 366, 367, 370, 375 Enchytraeus, host of Gordius, 173 Encotylabe, 73 ; eggs of E. pagelli, 58 Endocyst, 471 Endoderm, of Mesozoa, 93, 95 Endoparasitic Trematodes, 4, 52, 62 Enopla, 109 Enoplidae, 157 Enoplus, 157, 160 Entalophora, BE, 532 Enteroploea, 22. Enterostoma, 46; British ap 50 Entoprocta, 475, 479, 487 f., 518 ; lopho- phore, 476; reproduction, 506; larva, 509, 510 Eosphora, 216, 218, 224 Ephemera, host of Gordius, 172, 173 Ephesia, 321 Epibdelia, 55, 73 Epidermis, of Leptoplana, 11, 12 ; of Poly- clads, 20, 25, 29; of Trematodes, 56 ; of Cestodes, 85 ; of Nemertinea, 102 ; of Nematoda, 125; of Acanthocephala, 175; of Nereis, 249; of Oligochaeta, 349 ; of Leeches, 396; of Gephyrea, 414 ; of Phoronis, 454—see also Hypo- dermis - Epigamons, phase, of Nereis, 277 n. ; worms, 281 Epistome, in Phoronis, 453, 455 ; in Phy- lactolaemata, 476, 476, 499 ; in larva of Loxosoma, 509 Epistomia, 518, 526 Epithetosoma, 444, 445, 449 Epithetosomatoidea, 472, 444 Epitokous, phase, of Nereis, 277 n. Eretmia, 225, 226 _ Eriographidae, 258, 338 Erpocotyle, 73 Errantia, 258, 285 Eschara, 516 Escharina, 518 Escharoides, 527 Euchlanididae, 225 _Kuchlanis, 225, 226 Eucratea, 518, 525, 527, 528 Eudrilidae, 359, 360, 380, 385, 403 f. Eudrilus, 354, 385, 403 f. Euichthydina, 235 Eulalia viridis, 314; pigment, 292 ; colour, 293 ; eggs, 314 n. Eumenia, 334 Eunice, 318, 319 ; SS eadivic, 254 ; eye, 255 ; head, 262; parapodium, 264; gill, 265: chaetae, 266, 267 ; jaws, 270; sub- stance of tube, 290; commensal, 298 ; E. tibiana, 290 Eunicidae, 258, 318 ; palps, 260 ; tentacles, 262; jaws, 270; tube, 285, 290 ; colour, 291, 292; parasitic, 297; tubes con- taining Polynoids, 298 ; Palaeozoic, 302 Eunicites, 301, 302. Euphrosyne, 318 ; chaetae, 267 Eupolia, 113 Eupolyzoa, 461 Eurycercus, shell of, inhabited by Rotifers, Ewrylepta, 19 [227 n. Euryleptidae, 19 Eurythoe, 318 Eustrongylus gigas, 142; E. tubifex, 142 Eusyllis, reproduction of, 278 Excretion, as cause of colour, 291 parapodium, 265; "5a | Excretory system, of Leptoplana, 13; of Polyclads, 25; of Triclads, 41; absent in Acoela, 42 ; of Temnocephala, 54; of Digenea, 62; of Cestodes, 86; of Ne- mertinea, 108, 108, 120 ; of Nematodes, 133 ; of Acanthocephala, 177 ; of Roti- fers, 199, 213 ; of Gastrotricha, 234; of Kinorhyncha, 237 ; of Polychaeta, 253 ; of Polyzoa, 472 f.—see also Nephridium Exogone, 308 ; attachment of eggs, 275; reproduction, 278 Kyes, of Leptoplana, 8, 15; of Polyclads, 26, 27; development of, 30; of larval Polystomatidae, 59, 60 ; of Nemertinea, 102, 106 ; of Nematodes, 128 ; of Gordius, 166 ; of Chaetognatha, 188 ; of Rotifera, 215; of Gastrotricha, 234; of Kino- rhyncha, 238 ; of Polychaeta, 255, 272, 314, 337, 339; of Oligochaeta, 354 ; of Leeches, 393, 394, 395; of Gephyrea, 417 ; of Polyzoon larva, 509 FABRICIA, 339 ; eyes, 272 ; otocyst, 273 Faecal groove, of Sabellids, 337 Fans, of Chaetopterus, 295, 324 Faraday, on asexual reproduction of Plan- ariae, 6, 40 n. Farre, on Polyzoa, 500, 508 Farrella, 500, 518, 533 Fasciola, 67 Fecampia, life-history, 45 Felt, of Aphrodite, 268, 312 Fertilisation, of Nemertinea, 117 ; of Ne- matodes, 135; of Gordiidae, 171; of Acanthocephala, 179; of Chaetognatha, 188 ; of Rotifers, 217 Filaria, 147, 163; F. attenuata, 134 ; F. cystica, 142; F. denticulata, 125; F. immitis, 148; F. labiata, 163; F. lati- caudata, 125; F. loa, 149; F. medi- nensis, 147, 157, 163; F. sanguinis homini 8, 149, 163 ; F. papillosa, 163 Filariidae, 147 Filigrana, 340 ; fission in, 281 ; Fimbria tenuis, 157 Fischer, on branchiae in Gephyrea, 416 n. Fishes, Trematodes of, 4, 53, 55, 62, 64, 71, 72; Cestodes of, 77, 84, 85 ; Nema- thelminthes of, 142, 143, 149, 163, 173, 182 Fission, in Bipaliwm, 34; in Planariae, 40; in Trichoplax, 96; in Salinella, 96; in Polychaeta, 278 f., 279, 280, 282, 340; in Oligochaeta, 374, 375, 377 ; in Phylactolaemata, 496; in embryos, 365, 511 Fissurella, as host, 298 Flabelligera, 334 Flame-cells, in Leptoplana, 13; in Thy- sanozoon, 25 ; in Triclads, 41; in Tem- nocephala, 54; in Polystomatidae and Tristomatidae, 56 ; in Distomum luteum, tubes, 290 544 INDEX ? 62; in Cestodes, 86; in Nemertinea, 108, 109; in Rotifers, 213; in Urna- tella, 491 Fletcherodrilus, 382 Floscularia, 200, 203, 205, 220, 221, 226 Flosculariaceae, 202, O11, als, im Flosculariidae, 201, 203, 205, 220 n., 221, 230 Flukes, 51 Flustra, 465, 466, 467, 472, 473, 477, 515, 518, 526; avicularia, 482 Flustrella, 467, 477, 518, 532 ; Flustrina, 518 Food, of Turbellaria, 43 of Zeptoplana, 10; of Polyclads, 24 ; of Triclads, 37 ; of Acoela, 48 f. ; of Rhabdocoela, 45 ; of Trematodes, 4, 52, 62; of Temnoce- phala, 53; of Cestoda, 5; of Nemer- tinea, 115; of Nematodes, 131; of Acanthocephala, 177 ; of Chaetognatha, 190; of Rotifera, 207, 212; of Gastro- tricha, 234; of Polychaeta, 296; of Earthworms, 359; of Leeches, 393, 406 f.; of Gephyrea, 422, 443; of Polyzoa, 467 ' Foot, in Rotifers, 200, 201 Foraminifera, as food of Polychaeta, 296 Forceps, of Hunice, 270 Forcipate, 210, 211 Formula, for Nematoda, 138 Fornix, 481, 517, 525 Fossil, Polychaeta, 301; Polyzoa, Nemertinea, absence of, 119 Fredericella, 476, 494, 502-505, 518, 519 ; lophophore, 495 ; statoblast, 502, 503 Frenzel, on Trematoda, 62; on Salinel/a, 96 Fresh- water, Turbellaria, compared with marine, 46; Nemertinea, 101, 118; Polychaeta, 284 ; Polyzoa, 492 Friend, on Oligochaeta, 388 n. Frogs, Trematodes of, 55, 58, 62, 71 f. ; Nematodes of, 140, 142, 160, 173 Frontal organ, of Nemertinea, 107 Frontal palps, of Eunicidae, 318 f. Frontal ridge, 260 F; rullania, inhabited by Rotifers, 227 Fulcrum, in Rotifers, 210 Funicular tissue, 471 Funiculus, 469, 471, 472, 499, 501 Furcularia, 216, 224, 226 larva, 513 520 ; GAMBLE, on Platyhelminthes, 3 f.; on Mesozoa, 92 f. Gammarus, Rotifers attached to, 227 Gapes, cause of, 144 . Gardiner, on development of Acoela, 44 n. Gasterostomatidae, 73 Gasterostomum, 73; G. fimbriatum, life- history, 72; G. gracilescens, 72 Gastrocotyle, 73 Gastrodiscus, 73 Gastrothylax, 73 Gastrotricha, 231 f. Gegenbaur, 99 Gemellaria, 518, 526 Gemmation, 281 ; in Syllidae, 280 Geobia, 37 Geodesmus, 34, 42 Geographical distribution, of Turbellaria, 32 f.; of Nemertinea, 117 ; of Chaeto- gnatha, 191, 534 ; of Gastrotricha, 285 ; 278 f., 279, of Polychaeta, 299 f.; of Oligochaeta, — 369 f.; of Leeches, 405 ; of Gephyrea, 426 f., 482, 441 f.; of Phoronis, 460 ; of Polyzoa, 492 f., 504, 519 Geonemertes, 101 ; description of G. chali- cophora, 117 Geoplana, 33, 38, 42 Geoplanidae, 35, 42 Geoscolicidae, 351, 362, 386 Gephyrea, 411 f.; history, 411; external characters, 412, 420 f., 430 f., 434 f., 444 ; cular system, 415, 421, 436; respira- tory system, 416; body-cavity, 416, etl 445; nervous system, 416, 431, 457, 445; ” excretory system, 417, 423, 431, 437, 445; reproductive system, 418, 431, 437, 445; development, 419, 439; food, 422, 443; commensalism, 429 ; 512; British, 449 Germarium, of Rotifers, 216 Germ-yolk-gland, 47 Giard, on Oligochaeta, 368 Gid, induced by Coenurus, 82 Gigantorhynchidae, 783 Gigantorhynchus gigas, 174, 177, 184; G. echinodiscus, G. spira, G. taenioides, 184 Gills, of Polychaeta, 252, 265, 268 f. ; of Arenicola, 333 ; of Chlorhaemidae, 334 ; of Cirratulus, 326 ; of Huphrosyne, 265, 318 ; of Eunicidae, 318 ; of Nereis, 246 ; of Sabelliformia, 260, 261 ; development -of, 275; of Sabella, 286 ; colour of, 294 ; of Sabellaria, 263; of Serpulidae, 261 ; of Sternaspis, 336 ; of Sigalionina, 313 ; of Terebellidae, 329; of Oligochaeta, 352, 353 ; of Leeches, 395 ; of Gephyrea, 416 Gizzard, in Rotifers, 199, 210; in Poly- chaeta, 271, 307 ; in Oligochaeta, 358 ; in Polyzoa, 477, 480, 532 f. Glands, on parapodia, 249 ; of Phyllodocids, 314 ; oesophageal, 271, 272, 358 ; tube- forming, 287, 304, 327 Gland shields, 287, 304, 306 ; of Sabellids, 337 ; of Terebellids, 327 : Glandular papillae, of Polygordius, 244 body-wall, 414, 436; digestive system, 414, 422, 430, 436, 4455 vas- affinities, 247 ni, 336, 445 fe) on Nemertine development, Pe eo ee © atu eo - a i aT a thin oe de 4 a * we 7 | a eS es oe Oe Le ee ee. ae INDEX 545 Glossiphonia (= Clepsine), 393, 396, 399, 404, 407; anatomy, 397, 398, 401; spermatophore, 402 -Glossiphoniidae, 406 Glycera, cirrus, 265 ; habitat, 286 ; jaws, 270; nephridium, 254; parapodium, 264 ; prostomium, 259 ; tentacles, 262 ; G. capitata, distribution, 299 ; G. meckelii, 320 : Glyceridae, 258, 320 ; gills, 268 ;. coelomic corpuscles, 253 ‘ Glyphidrilus, 386 Gnathobdellae, 396 f., 407 Gnathobdellidae, 407 Gnathosyllis, colour of, 293 Gobio, parasites of, 182, 183 Golfingia, 426, 428, 430 Goniada, 320 Goodrich, on Oligochaeta, 378 Gordiidae, 123, 164 f. Gordiodrilus, 383 f. Gordius, 164 f., 164; G. tolosanus, 165 f., 170 Gosse, on Rotifers, 198, 209 n., 220 Gossea, 232, 235 Goujon, on Trichina, 146 Gourret, on Chaetognatha, 187 Graff, von, on Rhabdocoelida, 44; on Geonemertes, 101, 117 Graffilla, 50; occurrence, 45 Grassi, on Cestoda, 80 n., 89; on Chaeto- gnatha, 190, 193 Grater, of Eunicidae, 270 Greef, on Echiuroidea, 441, 444 Gregarines, in Polychaeta, Gephyrea, 444 Gregory, on Polyzoa, 519, 520 Grinder, of Eunicidae, 270 Grube, on Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, 395 Grubea, 308 ; attachment of eggs, 275 Guanin, in coelomic corpuscles, 253 Guinea-worm, 147 Gunda, 31, 41, 42 Gundidae, 42 Gymnolaemata, 476, 512, 518; lopho- phore, 476 ; in fresh water, 492 Gyrator hermaphroditus, 49 Gyrocotyle (=Amphiptyches), rugosa, 77; G. urna, 77 Gyrodactylidae, 53, 61, 73 Gyrodactylinae, 73 Gyrodactylus, 55, 61, 73 299; in 347, 352; on OL) -G. HABERLANDT, on Convoiuta, 43 Habits, of Platyhelminthes, 3, 7, 21, 35, 43; of Nemertinea, 114; of Gordiidae, 170 f. ; of Chaetognatha, 189 ; of Roti- fers, 206, 226; of Gastrotricha, 232, 234, 235 ; of Polychaeta, 285 ; of Oligo- chaeta, 366; of Gephyrea, 426, 433, 442 ; of Phoronis, 451 VOL. II Haemadipsa, 408 ; eye, 394 Haemal fluid, 252 Haematocleptes, parasitic, 297 Haementeria, 407 Haemerythrin, 416 ; in Magelona, 252 Haemoglobin, in Nemertinea, 107, 108 ; in Chaetopoda, 252, 253, 291, 356; in Gephyrea, 437 ; in Phoronis, 456 Haemopis, 393, 407 Halicryptus, 432, 433; anatomy, 430 Hallez, on Turbellaria, 7, 21, 40 Halosydna, 298 Hamann, on Nematoda, 131, 133, 136 n. ; on Acanthocephala, 176, 180 Hamingia, 435 f., 442; males of, 438 Haplobranchus, 339 ; gills, 261 Haplodiscus, 43, 49 Haplodrili, 241 Hares, parasites of, 141, 145 Harker, on Oligochaeta, 369 Harmer, on Polyzoa, 465 f. 