None
Construction work: Employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333, 626; earnings, i, 396, 397, 399-402, 646; Japanese in, i, 664. Consular inspection abroad: Recommended in 1891, ii, 571; in 1907, ii, 576; medical inspection at foreign ports, i, 193, 195, 197, 198, 200, 203, 204. Consular promotion of emigration proposed by Fortieth Congress, ii, 566. 379; methods of securing, ii, 381-386; East Indians, i, 677; Greek bootblacks, ii, 399; ' Japanese, to Mexico, i, 661; few actual contracts, i, 188, 189; conclusions regarding, i, 29; in Hawaii, i, 699-701; Australian law, ii, 633, 634; Canadian policy, ii, 613. Contract labor and induced and assisted immigration, report on, ii, 371-386. Contract-labor law: Early legislation, i, 110; ii, 375, 376, 569-572; present law, ii, 376, 377, 732-734, 739; violated by immigrant homes and aid societies, ii, 317; Kap- lanis Brothers convicted of violating, ii, 406; convictions under Maine laws, ii, 448, 449; effect on peonage, ii, 446, 448, 449. Control stations on German frontiers: Maintained by steamship companies by order of German Government, i, 195, 196; intending emigrants rejected at, for want of means, i, 200. Convicts, excluded by law of 1882, ii, 569. Coolie trade, prohibited by law, ii, 578, 579. Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, Cal., ii, 8. Cooperation: Among Italian market gardeners, i, 652; little among Hawaiian farmers, i, 720; Hawaiian Government marketing department, i, 720. Copenhagen, Denmark: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Copper mining and smelting: Households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333; earnings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394; Mexicans and Italians in the South- west, i, 686. Corean. See Korean.. Corinthian. See Slovenian. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., ii, 8. Coromilos, L. A., Minister of Greece, ii, 408. Correspondence: Letters home responsible for most of southern and eastern European immigration, i, 187. Corsica, number of Italians in, i, 252. (See_ also France, number of immigrants from.) Cost of Canada's immigration propaganda, ii, 610. Cost of importing immigrants to Hawaii, i, 703. Cost of living in Europe, investigation of, i, 186, 187. Costas, John B., Greek labor agent, ii, 382. 852 The Immigration Commission. Cotton-goods manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 304, 305; households and oLloVeo* studied, i, 294, 323-333, 627-634; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; male breadwinners in, i, 821-829; female breadwinners in, i, 830-838; labor unions, i, 537 538* unskilled labor in, i, 495; discrimination against, by second-generation imnWaiite, i, 812, 813; race prejudice, i, 501, 502; early industry in New England , described, i, 507-510. Cotton growing: Bohemians in, i, 588; Italians in, i, 570. Country of birth: Of foreign-born population, 1850-1900, i, 134, 135; versus race 01 people explained, i, 97; list of countries furnishing immigrants, and races native thereto, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; Provinces thereof, ii, 694-699. Country of origin of immigration, 1820-1910, i, 60-96; races indigenous to, i, 209-283. Country districts: Distribution of foreign-born in cities and, ii, 139-145; illiteracy in, i, 157-159; effect of life in, on fecundity of women, ii, 460, 462, 463, 472-477, 480- 489, 492-500; differences in urban and rural populations in Europe, ii, 550. Crampton, C. Ward, study of development of children, referred to, ii, 536, 541. Cranberry picking: In Massachusetts and Wisconsin, i, 594-596; seasonal labor, i, 595; hours of labor, i, 598; housing conditions, i, 598; living expenses, i, 599; racial displacements, i, 594, 595. Crane, Morton E., secretary and disbursing officer of Immigration Commission, i, 12. Creole, definition of term, i, 258. Crime: Immigration and, abstract of report on, ii, 159-221; conclusions regarding, i, 33, 34; ii, 163, 164; recommendations, i, 45; distribution of classes of, ii, 176, 179, 181, 183-220; races in certain classes of , ii, 173, 174, 185-211; natives of United States, ii, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; native and foreign born compared, ii, 172-182; Italians in agriculture, i, 565; Mexicans, i, 690; little among Japanese, i, 675; alien prisoners in IJnited States, ii, 211-220; juvenile crime, ii, 163, 169, 170. Criminals, immigration of: Prohibited by law, i, 110; ii, 620; law regarding, ii, 732, 793; violation of law, i, 27, 33, 185, 192, 193; ii, 221; no adequate means to prevent, i, 27; Congressional protest against, 1866, ii, 565, 566; foreign Governments willing to assist in preventing, i, 28, 193; publicly assisted, in early days, i, 29; conclusions, i, 27, 28; prohibited by Canadian laws, ii, 620, 625; by Australian, ii, 633, 634; by Brazilian, ii, 647; by New Zealand, ii, 637. Croatia and Slayonia, number of Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230. Croatian: Definition, i, 226-231; number studied in agriculture, i, 557; number in United States, i, 230; age classification of charity patients, ii, 286-290; length of residence of students, ii, 84; residence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263-266, 280-285; immigrant banks, ii, 413; charity seekers, ii, 95-152; in charity hospitals, ii, 258^261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children of charity seekers, ii, 143-147; in schools, 11, 10-16, 64-66, 76-80; English-speaking, ii, 151, 152; conjugal condition, 11," 137-142; immigrants to Canada, ii, 611. Croatian and Slovenian: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 230, 625; proportion of males, i, no • •3~~^'---L- — :•**»••**• w ., < ' . f 9t L* v^AAAU^VJ. K_JUC*U^O. \^J.At/\_, U \JJL±. J_JAJ.tl AAOXJ. speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; residence in agricultural i; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366-411, ; family income, i 412-417; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; status 474-484; 447-460; 419-422; 430-438; ,, , . _ — ^ivyivio, i, i^u— iUV, UtJiHUUS UtJI rOOUl, 1, 'iOU— <±OO. jand lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad i, 4f -463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528 allures in Europe, a cause of emigration,' i, 186 :-i£!ifi*fiSS1 ?f 0Im0mfeation Commission and author of report on Index. 853 Cuban: Definition, i, 231; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 113, 215, 625; desti- nation, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356; ii, 84; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 263-266; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 405-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; citizen- ship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419^22; size of apart- ments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112, 118; visits abroad, i, 461-463. Cumberland, Wis., Italian agricultural colony, i, 561. Cunard Line, first carried steerage passengers in 1862, ii, 594. Cutlery and tool manufacturing, employees in, i,* 336-338, 343-348. Czech: Definition, i, 219-221; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 221; immigrants to United States, i, 221. (See also Bohemian and Moravian.) Czornig, classification of races by, i, 221, 277. Daily wages no criterion of actual earnings, i, 39, 370, 379. (See also Wages and earnings, Family income, etc.} Dairy farming, tendency of Danes to engage in, i, 651. Dalmatia, number of Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230. Dalmatian: Definition, i, 231; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; population in Europe, i, 214; employees studied, i, 320- 333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification of charity patients, ii, 286-290; occupation abroad, i, 100-102; length of residence, i, 349T356, 636, 637; apple growers in Cali- fornia, i, 653; wages and earnings, i, 366-403; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270- 272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 64-66; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489; deserting seamen, ii, 361. Dalmatian, Bosnian, and Herzegovinian: Number of immigrants, i, 171; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; occupation abroad, i, 172, 173; length of residence, i, 116; occupation, i, 117, 118; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237; literacy, i, 175; return movement, i, 112- 118, 180, 182. Danish: Definition, i, 270; number of immigrants admitted, i, 214; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214, 270; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 639-641 ; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English- speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 823, 832; occupation, i, 365, 366, 823, 832; in agricultural pursuits, i, 549, 800, 823, 832; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 823; in building trades, i, 789, 823; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 814, 823, 832; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 832; in cotton mills, i, 823, 832; in domestic and personal service, i, 805, 823, 832; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 823; laborers, i, 780, 823; in laundries, i, 832; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 823, 832; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 823; in needle trades, i, 808, 832; in paper and i •n • s-inm i Ti • r\nck nnr*. * _ . £ *^ 1 : * Trv^r t-rf\& ortO oor*. tobacco and cigar making, i, 823, 832; in trade and transportation, i, 823, 832; in woolen mills, i, 832; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 407-411; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; crime, ii, 198-204; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 49-61, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 438^47; English-speaking, i, 474- 484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 482-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Canada,- ii, 611, 625. >;, 4 The Immigration Commission. Dasios, G. I., notary public at Corinth, Greece, 11, 407 ,408. Days worked, number curtailed by oversupply of unskilled labor, i, 39. Dayton, Ohio, immigrants as chanty seekers in, ii, 93-115. Debarments. See Aliens debarred. Delaware: Foreign-born in, i, 126-128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity ii 232; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434. Delinquency, juvenile, ii, 163, 169, 170. (See also Crime.) Deniker, classification of races by, i, 224, 229, 259, 275, 278. Denmark- Divisions of, ii, 694; population, i, 214, 270, 271; illiteracy among recruits, i, 177; insane in, ii, 248, 249, immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i. 167, 214, 271; emigration movement never very large, i, 168; steerage laws, referred to, ii 600; Canada induces emigration from, ii, 607, 608; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627r-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; deserting seamen from, ii, 360. Dentistry, students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. Denver, Colo., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Dependents, few immigrants of dependent age, i, 172. Deportation: Law regarding, ii, 733, 737-739, 741, 762, 763, 769-774, 787, 788, 790-792, 794, 800, 811-813; of aliens entered in violation of law, act of 1891, ii, 571; of Chinese in United States without certificates, law of 1892, ii, 582, 583; of criminals, i, 34; ii, 221; accomplished through information furnished by Immigration Commission, i, 23; classes liable to, Australia, ii, 634; classes liable to, Canada, ii, 621, 625. (See also Aliens deported.) Deposits in immigrant banks, ii, 423, 424. Deserting seamen: Belong largely to excluded classes, ii, 355; number of, at certain ports, ii, 359, 360, 363; specific cases, ii, 361; applicants at employment agencies, ii, 363; letters from steamship companies regarding, ii, 368, 369; form of report by ship's master, ii. 368; connivance of ships' officers, ii, 357, 361; legislation regarding, ii, 759, 761; not subject to head tax, ii, 355, 357, 358; proposed new act regarding, ii, 367. (See also Seamen, alien.) Des Moines, Iowa, immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Desmond, L. J., author, reference from, ii, 564. Destination of immigrants: Arriving in United States 1899-1910, i, 105-109; nearly all Europeans come to join relatives or friends, i, 188. Detroit. Mich.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; public school pupils, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Detroit College of Medicine, Detroit, Mich., ii, 8. Diamesis, L., Greek physician in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Dickens, Charles, quoted, i, 509, 510. Dillingham, William P.: Chairman of Immigration Commission, i, 11, 12; investi- gation in Europe, i, 165; introduced immigration bill, 1906, ii, 575; introduced bill in Senate providing for Government supervision of ships carrvins steerage passengers, ii, 602. Disease: Among steerage passengers, ii, 589, 592, 593, 596; hospitals on shipboard, 'ii, 597; among deserting alien seamen, ii, 361; among stowaways, ii, 363, 364; Greek bootblacks, ii, 397, 398; seasonal agricultural laborers, i, 600; among children, 11, 546, 547, 556; immigrants in charity hospitals, ii, 258, 259, 267-285; in a foreign country, President may prohibit immigration during existence of, ii, 572; conclu- sions, i, 34, 35. New Zealand, ii, 637. Displacements, racial: Of Americans and older immigrant races, by recent immi- K)-530; in bituminous-coal mining, i, 503-507, 532-537; in boot boot and labor, i, 594, 595; in silk mills, i, 529; in woolen rated mills, i, 512-516; of American farmers, by Portuguese, in New England, •f negroes, by Italians, m the South, i, 568, 570, 571; of Chinese, i, 658, 659'; 5se, by recent European emigrants and Japanese, Pacific coast i 658, 668, Index. 855 669; of Indians and Japanese, by Mexicans,^, 683; of Japanese, by southern and eastern Europeans, i, 667; leasing of land to immigrants, one cause of, in the West, i, 672; laborers in Hawaii, i, 712, 716, 721. Distribution of immigrants: Arriving 1850-1900, abstract of report on, i, 119-160; by country of birth, i, 134, 135; by period of immigration, i, 124, 125; by geographic division, i, 130, 131; by class of place of residence, i, 139; in western division, i, 623; Hebrews in agriculture, i, 576; Japanese, i, 662-664; Mexicans, i, 682. conclusions, i, 40; recommendations, i, 46; division of information for, Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, i, 40, 46; ii, 575, 743; in Argentina, ii, 642, 643; juveniles in Canada, ii, 615, 627. District of Columbia: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immi- grants destined to, i, 105-109; insane in, ii, 232. (See also Washington, D. C.) Diversified industries, households and employees studied, i, 294. Division of Information, Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, i, 9, 40, 46; ii, 575, 743. « Dodson, Martha E., author of report on immigrant homes and aid societies, i, 3; ab- stract of report, ii, 305-322. Domestic and personal service: Male breadwinners engaged in, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 804-806, 830-838; immigrants in, Massachusetts, i, 810; Chinese in, San Francisco, i, 655, 659; Japanese in, the W'est, i, 672, 673; immigrants in cities, i, 761, 762; contract-labor law not applicable to, ii, 621; immigrants engaged in, abroad, i, 360, 362, 363; domestic servants assisted to immigrate to Australia, ii, 631; Canada pays bonus on immigrants engaging in, ii, 608, 613; number immi- grating to Canada, ii, 613; exempt from Canadian money requirement, ii, 623. Draymen, hackmen, teamsters, etc., male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Dressmakers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Dukhobors: Religious sect of Russia , i, 264; immigration to Canada, ii, 612. Duluth, Minn.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153; public school pupils, ii, 10, 11, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 49-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75. Durand, E. Dana, Director of Census, quoted, i, 18. Dutch: Definition, i, 231-233; number of emigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; population in Europe, i, 214; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 641; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i. 153; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; visits abroad, i, 461^63; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. Dutch and Flemish: Number of immigrants admited, i, 171, 214, 215, 232; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing,(i, 103; population in Europe, i, 232, 233; occupation abroad, i, 172, 173; length of residence, i, 116; occupation, i, 117, 118; prostitution, ii, 332; literacy, i, 175; return move- ment, i, 112-118, 180, 182. E. Eagan, Mary Helen, author of reports on the immigration situation in Australia and in New Zealand, i, 4; abstracts of reports, ii, 631-635, 637, 638. Earnings. See Wages and earnings. East Indian, definition of term, i, 233, 234. (See also Hindu.) East Indies: Population, i, 233; Dutch in, i, 232. Economic conditions in Europe, i, 185, 187. Economic status: Of immigrants in cities, i, 760-767; in Hawaii, i, 714-717. Eden College, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. Education. See Literacy, Schools, and Higher educational institutions. Educational test. See Literacy test. Edwards, Glen, author of report on steerage legislation, i, 4; report, ii, 585-602, 856 The Immigration Commission. Electric railway transportation: Employees in, i, 336-338, 343-348, 626-629; Mexicans in, in Southwest, i, 685, 686. Electric supplies manufacturing, emulo-ees in, i, 66b-64X. Elenis, G. D,, party to Greek loan contract, ii, 407, 408. Elizabeth, N. J.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Ellington, Conn., Hebrew tobacco farms, i, 579. Ellis Island: Detention of immigrants, ii, 309; number of immigrants discharged to homes and aid societies, ii, 310; action of Commissioner regarding homes and aid societies, ii, 314, 315, 322. Elmira, 111., immigrants as charity seekers in, n, 93-115. Embarkation of inadmissibles should be prevented, i, 26, 27. (See also Inspection abroad.) Emigrants: From United States to Canada, ii, 607, 612, 613, 617-619; steamship com- panies required to furnish lists of outgoing passengers, i, 9; ii, 575, 735, 736, 762. (See also Aliens departing, Return movement, etc.) Emigration conditions abroad: Abstract of report on conditions in Europe, i, 161-204; attitude of European countries, i, 168, 169; emigration discouraged, i, 189, 191, 277; ii, 584; German-Russians, i, 653; Hebrews, i, 577, 584; oppression of East Indians, i, 677; Madeira and Azores Islands, i, 704; emigration from Europe no longer abso- lute economic necessity, i, 25. Emigration laws: Europe, as a rule, requires steamship companies to return rejected aliens, i, 197; Austria prohibits solicitation of emigration, i, 1C1; Austrian attempts at legislation, i, 191; Hungary taking steps to regulate or restrict emigration, i, 277; Hungary prohibits promotion of emigration, i, 191; Italy prohibits solicitation by steamship agents, i, 191; under Italian law rejected immigrants may claim damages from steamship company, i, 197; evasion of Russian law, i, 190, 101. Employees studied: Number, various industries^ i, 294, 297-313, 320-331, 336-342; in Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, i, 627-634; schedule forms used, ii, 674-679. Employers 'opinions: Chinese and Mexicans preferred to Japanese, i, 665, 666; Chinese preferred to other Asiatics, by California ranchers, i, 672; Japanese preferred to cer- tain recent immigrants, i, 665, 666; Mexican railroad laborers, i, 684; Mexicans and Japanese compared, sugar-beet laborers, i, 688; East Indians, i, 678; Asiatic labor in agricultural industries of California, i, 672; schedule form used, ii, 675-677. Employment: Most southern and eastern European immigrants practically assured of, before coming, i, 188, 189; immigrants to Canada must be assured of, ii, 621. (See also Occupations, Contract labor, etc.) Employment agencies: Number investigated, ii, 313, 321; f ees charged, ii, 321; recom- (See also Labor agents.) Encouraged immigration: To Argentina, ii, 639, 641; Australia, ii, 631; Brazil, ii, 646; Canada, ii, 607; New Zealand, ii, 637; United States law of 1864, ii, 375, 565. Engineering and technology, students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. England: Counties and boroughs of, ii, 694, 695; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 235; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; 188, 194-197, 205-211; children of immigrants from, employed, i, ", 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463^467; earnings, i, 366-403J literacy, i, 438-447: conjugal condition, i, 447-460. '-.l^g^^lo31 " ^ immi&rants to» *» 25°; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 1 -'J' 10\172> 173' 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, u, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on literacy, etc., i, 445, Index. 857 446, 461-463, ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 762 (see also English and Welsh); wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-276; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; crime, ii, 179, 181, 182, 189-193, 198-204, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474, ii; 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49^61, 64-72, 76-82; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; citizenship, i, 484-489, ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417^19; conjugal condition, i, 447-460, ii, 137-142 ; fecundity, ii, 457-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460, home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 513; in Whiting, Ind.,i, 528; in Canada, ii, 612, 625; immigrants to Argentina, ii, 640, 641; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. English and Welsh: Number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 823, 832; occupation, i, 823, 832; in agricultural pursuits, i, 799, 800, 823, 832; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 823; in building trades, i, 789, 790, 823; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 823, 832; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 832; in cotton mills, i, 823, 832; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806, 823, 832; iron and steel workers, i, 784, 785, 823; laborers, i, 780, 781, 823; in laundries, i, 832; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 823, 832; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 783, 823; in needle trades, i, 808, 809, 832; in paper and pulp mills, i, 832; peddlers, i, 823, 832; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 823, 832; salesmen, agents, etc., 793, 794, 816, 817, 823, 832; in silk mills, i, 832; steam-railroad employees, i, 823; teachers, i, 819, 820, 832; in textile mills, i, 786, 7875> 811, 812, 823, 832; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 823, 832; in trade and transportation, i, 823, 832; in woolen mills, i, 832; insanity and mental defects, ii, 244, 248, 249; in Canada, ii, 612, 614, 626. English-speaking ability: Immigrants in various investigations, i, 160, 298-313, 474-484, 609-611, 675, 730, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; native and foreign born com- pared, i, 476; old and new immigration compared, i, 475, 476, 648; retardation of school children from homes where English is not spoken, i, 43; ii, 40, 41; lack of, largely responsible for immigrant banks, ii, 417; lack of, requires more supervision in industries, i, 538; Italian agricultural colonies, i, 564; East Indians, i, 681; Mexi- cans, i, 690. Eppler, Samuel A., conducted investigation of alien seamen and stowaways, i, 3; ii, 358. Eskimo: Age classification of charity patients, ii, 288; residence in United States of charity patients, ii, 263; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261. Ethiopian. See Negro. Ethnical factors discussed, i, 209-283. Ethnological classification of races, i, 212. Eurafrican. See Caucasian. Europe ^Immigration of races from, 1820-1910, i, 60-96; 1850-1900, i, 124; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; investigations in, i, 14, 165-167; attitude of, toward emigration, i, 168, 169; illiteracy in, i, 175-*177; effects of returned emigrants, i, 184, 185; num- ber of Germans in, i, 242; number and distribution of Italians in, i, 252; Canada's propaganda in, ii, 607; value of international money orders, 1906-9, ii, 426, 428; natives of, in United States, i. 124, 134, 135, 137; immigrants from, needed in West, i, 41, 691; on Pacific coast, i, 644-654; in Hawaii, i, 708, 715; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347. Evansville, Ind., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Examination abroad of aliens' police records, desirable, i, 34, 45. (See also Inspection abroad.) Exchange, rate of, in immigrant banking, ii, 430. Excluded classes: Law regarding, ii, 619-621, 732; legislation, 1875, ii, 579; 1882, ii, 569; 1891, i, 110; ii, 571; 1897, ii, 573; 1907, ii, 575-577; 1910, ii, 577; recom- mendations, various, i, 9, 47, 48; ii, 562, 573; children unaccompanied by parent, i, 30; Chinese, ii, 578-584; Japanese and Korean laborers, ii, 584; prostitutes, ii, 327-329, 579; aliens entering as seamen, ii, 355-363; as stowaways, ii, 363-367; Australia, ii, 633, 634; Brazil, ii, 647; Canada, ii, 607, 610, 611, 619-621; New Zea- land, ii, 637, 638. (See also Aliens excluded.) Exclusion: On account of mental unsoundness, ii, 227-229; of East Indians, recom- mended, i, 691. Executive order: President empowered to prohibit immigration in case of disease in foreign country, ii, 572; empowered to call international conference or to send com- missioners abroad, on subject of immigration, i, 10, 28; ii, 576, 577, 743; empowered to stop immigration on passports issued for entrance to other countries, ii, 577. (See also Vetoes, Presidents'.) 72289°— VOL 1—11 55 The Immigration Commission. Expansion of industry, through recent immigration, i, 491, 646. EnSSteti™- Of Greek bootblacks, ii, 391-108; Greek railroad laborers, n, 405 406; "Mexican railroad laborers,!, 684; laborers in Maine forests 11, 447; prostitutes, ii :M9-341; of aliens by other aliens, recommendation regarding, i, 46; Canadian immigration department protects new arrivals from, ii, 627. F. Face, width of, native and foreign born compared, ii, 510-517, 523, 525, 526, 530, Failures and defalcations, immigrant bankers, ii, 433, 434, 437, 438. Falkner, Roland P., author of report on. the children of immigrants in schools, i, 2. Fall River, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; public schedule forms used in study of, ii, 653^673; receiving charitable aid, ii, 130-135; relationship in Greece, ii, 405; effect of size of, on bodily form, ii, 555; parents and children compared, as regards bodily form, ii, 549, 553. (See also Conjugal condi- FanSly income: Various investigations, i, 297-312, 412-417, 597, 598, 600, 766, 767; native and foreign born compared, i, 413, 416; old and new immigration compared, i, 413, 416, 417; of Mexicans, smallest of all immigrant races in West, i, 689; working people, Honolulu, i, 712. (See also Wages and earnings and separate races.) Family life, absence of: Influence which most retards assimilation, i, 42. Farm labor: Male breadwinners engaged in, i, 802, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838; Italians in South, i, 568, 569; emigrating from United States to Canada, ii, 613, 614, 617; desired by Canada, ii, 608, 613, 623. (See also Agricultural pursuits.) Farmers, planters, and overseers: Male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829; female breadwinners, i, 830-838. Farming abroad: Occupation of great proportion of recent immigrants, i, 494, 495, 498, 663; persons in agricultural investigation who did, i, 607, 608; in industrial study, i, 358, 360, 361-363; in study of cities, i, 728, 760; majority of Chinese and Japanese did, i, 663; East Indians, i, 677; Italians, i, 561, 562, 567, 573. (See also Occupation abroad.) Fecundity of immigrant women, abstract of report on, ii, 451-500. Federal control of immigration. See Government control of immigration. Federal immigration legislation, abstract of report on, ii, 557-584. Feeble-minded in institutions, 1904, ii, 231, 233, 237, 241. (See also Insane.) Field work of Immigration Commission: Character of, i, 15; agriculture, i, 556; indus- tries, i. 295. .Filipino: Number of employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; length of residence, i, 349-356; ii, 84, 85; increase in number employed, i, 658; on sugar planta- tions, i, 715; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 76-80; literacy, i, 438-447; in Hawaii, i, 710, 711. Fillinnre, Millard, nominated for President by Know-Nothing and Whig Parties, 11, 563. Financial condition of immigrants. See Money on landing. Financial depression of 1907-8: Hostility toward recent immigrants during, i, 540; effect on number of aliens departing, i, 113; on immigrant banks, ii, 424, 425, 433; on transmissions abroad, ii, 426, 427; migration of recent immigrants, i, 500. For offenses against immigration laws, ii, 733-738, 742, 745, 746, 766-769, 788, 90, 792, 793; steamship companies, for inducing emigration, ii, 386; seduction of female passengers by seamen, law of 1860, ii, 594 ; importing coolie labor for peonage, .75, n, 579; paid by prostitutes, ii, 347, 348; under white-slave traffic law, ii, 344, • rni-iuR in physically and mentally diseased aliens, should be increased, i. 27; New Zealand law, ii, 638. Finland: rHviaoM of, ii, 698; population, i, 236, 237, 266, 267; number of Swedes in, teracy in i, 177; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425; Canada induces immi- jrraii.,n from n, 607, 608; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 623; crime, ii, (1/ifT Oil U*1J £ • • ••••wv* P^/VWIVV^JJ j.j .HJT:. \jt*ij j \ 1; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347 age clarification i, 463-467; earnings,' i, 366403;' literacy, i, 438-447.' Russian Empire.) Finnish- ^-*-'" - 627-636; (See also Index. 859 i, 187; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 640-642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461^63, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 407-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; crime, ii, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; fecundity, ii, 469-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430^38; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528; in Canada, ii, 612, 625. Finno-Tataric: Definition of term, i, 238, 239; population of stock, i, 238, 239. Firearm manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-338, 343-348. First generation, definition of term as here used, i, 777. Fish, Hamilton, chairman of Senate select committee on steerage conditions, 1853, ii, 593. Fishberg, Maurice: On treatment of infants, ii, 547; variability of Hebrew type, ii,550. Fishing, Japanese engaged in, California, i, 664. Fitchburg, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Fiume, Austria-Hungary: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Flemish: Definition, i, 231-233; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 214, 215, 625; population in Europe, i, 214, 233; number in France, i, 240; number of households and persons studied, i, 3167320, 557, 601; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 603; residence in agricultural locality, i, 603; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366^03, 407-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanitv and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426. (See also Dutch and Flemish.) Flint Medical School, New Orleans, La., ii, 8. Floating immigrant labor: Migration of recent immigrants, i, 500; immigrant banks patronized almost wholly by, ii, 417. Florida: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; Japanese raising pineapples and vegetables, i, 592; insanity, ii, 232; peonage, ii, 444; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Florida East Coast Railway, case of alleged peonage, ii, 445, 446. Folkmar, Daniel, author of dictionary of races or peoples, i, 1, 209; abstract of diction- ary, i, 205-283. Folkmar, Elnora C., assisted in preparation of dictionary of races or peoples, i, 1, 209. Food: Required for steerage passengers, various laws, ii, 590-592, 597; consumed by seasonal farm laborers, i, 599; supplied to newly arrived immigrants, Argentina, character of, ii, 642. Ford committee on immigration, findings of, ii, 569, 570. Fordham University, Fordham, N. Y., ii, 8. Foreign-born: Proportion of, in white male population 21 years of age or over, i, 155, 156; among prisoners, 1904, and in population, 1900, ii, 165, 168; among juvenile delinquents, 1904, and in juvenile population, 1900, ii, 169, 170; of voting age, i, 148-156; naturalization, i, 152, 153. (See also separate races, Aliens, Immigrants, Immigration, etc.) Foreign exchange, in immigrant banking, ii, 425, 426. Foundry and machine-shop products manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. The Immigration Commission. France- Departments of. ii, 695; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721726; population, i, aoSniX of Flemish in, i/233; number of Italians m , .,252; literacy •among ench from, i, Z4U; natives 01, ui uuneu. »»«^»o*j ?«" L"- » "w"'"Ji n»«, ut United States, i, 145; crime, .ii, 164 183-188; insanity and feeble- idodness i 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336- 34^ 627^'; 4/ctoification, i, 463-467; larnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Franco-Prussian War, effect on emigration of Poles, i, 584. tion,' i, 239, 240; number of persons speaking, i, 235 239; number of , , , immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 240, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destma- i i 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103;' immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe i 214, 239 240; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 601, 640-642; employees 349-356' 636 637; ii 84. 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy' etc'., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 824, 833; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 824, 833; in acricultural pursuits, i, 550, 799, 800, 824, 833; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i 824; in building trades, i, 789, 790, 824; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 824, 833; in collar, cuff, and shirt manufacturing, i, 833; in cotton mills, i, 824, 833; i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 244, 249, 270; crime, ii, 173, 198-204, 211-220; prostitution, ii, 332; status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 49-61, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417, 418; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii,. 137-142; fecundity, ii, 469-482, 494-500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467^470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; per- sons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528; in Canada, i, 240; ii, 611, 625; immigrants to Argentina, ii, 640, 641; to Australia, ii, 633; to Brazil, ii, 645, 646. French Canadian. See Canadian, French. Fruitgrowing, deciduous, Japanese displacing Chinese, Pacific coast, i, 659. Furniture manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 307, 308; households arid employees studied, i, 294, 323-326, 332, 333; earnings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394. G. < ia« lie, number of persons speaking, i, 272. (See also Scotch.) < ia infill occupation within the home, i, 751, 752. i lalician: Immigrants to Hawaii, i, 702; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. (See also Kuthenian.) < .alician provinces of Spain, population of, i, 279. General tables for various reports, described, ii, 31, 32, 43-48, 63, 73, 86, 154. General Theological Seminary, New York, N. Y., ii, 8. Geneva, N. Y., -Italian agricultural colony at, i, 574. Genoa, Italy: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197 ^ejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Genoa, Wis., Italian agricultural colony at, i, 561, 563, 564. GeOTga- I',., (in-.-k physician in Chicago, letter .signed by, ii, 398 Tn?^P\re^~born in' *» 126' 1285 inanity, ii, 232; immigrants destined to, i, Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; peonage, ii, 445; no regulation of pnvate or immigrant banks, ii, 435, Index. German-Russians, in certain western States, i, 653, 654. German-Swiss, in agriculture, i, 550. Germany: States of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; formerly leading • emigrant-furnishing country, i, 168; number of French in, i, 240; Germans in Empire, i, 242; Gypsies in, i, 245; Poles in, i, 259; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599-601; control stations on frontier, for emigrant inspec- tion, i, 195, 196; insanity in, ii, 248, 249; illiteracy among recruits, i, 177; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607; immigrants from Empire, 1820-1910, i, 65-96, 243; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime, ii, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immi- grants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463- 467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. Glasgow, Scotland: Inspection of emigrants, i, 197; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Glass manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 301, 302; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333, 627-634; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395; unskilled labor in, i, 495; racial displacements, i, 519-527; some representative immigrant communities, i, 496; racial composition of-a bottle plant in Pennsylvania, i, 524; a plate-glass plant and community in Pennsylvania, i, 520-522; a window-glass community in western Pennsylvania, i, 522-524. Gloucester, Mass.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Glove manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 310, 311; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; earnings, i, 384-386, 388-395. Gold and silver workers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Gold mining, Chinese displaced in, California, i, 659. The Immigration Commission. Goldenweiser, E. A., author of report on immigrants in cities, i, 2; abstract of report, • 'yO'J. — •> Goucher College, Baltimore, Md., ii, 8. Government control of immigration: Urged by President Grant, 1871, n, 566; recom- mended by Supreme Court, 1876, ii, 567, 568; assumed, 1882, n, 564; definitely established by law, 1891, ii, 571; frustrated California's attempts to repress Chinese immigration, ii, 578. (See alo Immigration law.) Government supervision over ships at sea, ii, 602. Grand Rapids, Mich., immigrants as charity seekers in, 11, 93-115. Grant Ulysses S., quotation from message to Congress, ii, 566, 567. Great Britain: First steerage passenger legislation, 1809, ii, 591; steerage laws, referred to, ii, 599-601; deserting seamen from, ii, 360; Canada induces immigration from, ii,' 608. (See aho teparate countries and United Kingdom. ) Great Britain and Ireland, immigrant remittances to, ii, 427. Great Russian: Definition of term, i, 263-265; number of, i, 250. (See al o Russian.) Greece: Provinces and islands of, ii, 696; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; popula- tion, i, 245; number of Albanians in, i, 244; Greeks in, i, 245; Roumanians in, i, 263; furnishes more immigrants in proportion to population than any other country, i, 191; activities of steamship ticket agents, i, 191; wages and working conditions of boys, ii, 402^04; illiteracy among recruits, i, 177; immigrant remittances to, ii, 427; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 623; padrone system, ii, 391-408; crime, ii, 164, 188, children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; earnings, i, 403; literacy, i, 438-447. Grc«-k: Definition, i, 243, 244; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, •2\'>. 025; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in I'nitcd States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 245; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 733-737; employees studied, i. ii-JO-asa, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 737-739; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 769-771; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357-363, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 751, 769; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762; in seasonal farm labor, i, 594; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 685, 686, 764-766; immigrant banks, ii, 413; padrone system, i, 29, 30; ii, 387-408; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95, 109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261; 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; crime, h, 164, 173, 174, 198-204, 211-220; status of children, i, 763; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-55, 64-66, 76-80; proportion of children, i, 739; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 770, 771; English-speaking, i, 474-484, 768-770; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489, 771, 772; in labor unions, i, 418, 419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470, 756; rent paid, i, 419-422, 757-759; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430, 741-743; persons per room, i, 430-438, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426> 748-751; boarding groups, i, 739; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apartment, i, 755; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad i, 461-463; in Canada, ii, 611, 625. 