None
ed; 7Tepov, pterum, wing), 53, 162 Eurymetopus, 118 Eurymus eurytheme, 446; philodice, 446 Eustigme acraa, 415 Euthrips tritici, 221 Euvanessa antiopa,~455 Evaniide, Evania (evavic, euanius, taking trouble easily), 463 Exoprosopa sp., *334 Exoskeleton, 4; attach- ment of muscles to, *4 Exuvia, 186; of stone- fly nymph, *71 Eye, of horsefly, *31; of moth, *31; of Lasio- campa quercifolia, *32; of Catocala nupta, *32; of May-fly, *32; of blow-fly, *33; spots, Pl. Koya Eyed grayling, 457 678 Eyes, compound and sim- ple, 30; of May-flies, *69; of net-winged midges, *316 Eye - spotted bud - moth, *381 Fabre, J. Iris versicolor, 568 Isabella tiger-moth, 412 Ischnocera (prob. ‘axvoc, ischnus, thin, thread- like; xépac, ceras, horn), key to genera of, 118 Ischnoptera pennsylvanica, *128 Isoptera (iooc, isus, equal; mrépov, pterum, wing), 55, 99 Isopteryx, 73 Isosoma hordei, 487 Ithobalus acauda, 450; polydamas, 450 Janus integer, *465 Japanese locust, *155 Japygide (Japyx, mythical progenitor of Japyges of southern Italy), 60, 61 Japyx sp., *62; subter- raneus, *61 Jasside, Jassus (Jassus, a town in ancient Caria), 166, 169 Jennings, trial and error theory of behavior, 635 Index Jerusalem cricket, *156, 157 Jigger-flea, 355 Jimson-weed, hawk-moth posed before, *572 Jugatee (jugum, yoke), 6 3 Jugum, 368 Jenene plant-lice, 171 une-bugs, 273, #275 Junonia cena, 455 Kallima sp., *601 Katydid and eggs of, #149 Key, 53 Killing-bottle, for collect- ing insects, 635 Kissing-bug, 203 Labels, for collected in- sects, 637 Labellum, *8 Labeo longitarsis, *479 Labia minor, *162 Labidura riparia, 162 Labium (see mouth-parts) Labrum (see mouth-parts) Lace-bug, hawthorn, 208 Lace-bugs, 195, 207 Lace-wing fly, *228 Lachnosterna fusca, *275 Ladybird - beetle, *286 ; Australian, 186, *187 Lemobothrium, 119; loo- mist, 122 Lertias philenor, 450 Lagoa crispata, 383 Lake-flies, 65 Lamellate, *250 Lamellicornia (lamella, thin plate; cornu, horn), 251, 272 Lamp-chimney cage, *642 Lampyride, Lampyris (Aaurovpte, lampuris, a glow worm), 265, 260 Lance-tailed grasshopper, *154 Lantern-flies, 168 Laphria, 331 Lappet-moth, *418 Lappet-moths, 416 Largus succinctus, *210 Larridx, Larra (Fabricius, —derivation unknown), 500 breeding- American, 681 Larva, 44; coarctate, 291; of a phorid fly attached to the larva of the ant, *553 Lasiderma serricorne, 271 Lasiocampa —_quercifolia, ommatidia of, *32 Lasiocampide, Lasio- campa (Adowoc, lasius, hairy; xaurn, campe, a caterpillar), 370, 415 Lasius brunneus, 175, 545 Lateral (to right or left) Leaf-beetles, 277 Leaf-bug, four-lined, *209; predaceous, *206 Leaf-bugs, 195 Leaf-chafers, 273, 275 Leaf-cutter bee, nest of, *51 Leaf-hoppers, 169 Leaf-insects, 132 Leaf-miners, 375 Least skipper, 443 Leather-jackets, 321 Lebia grandis, 255 Lecanium ole@, 187 Lecanium scales attacked by Cordyceps clavulata, *188 Leg, section of, showing muscles, *5 Legs of beetles, *250 Leistotrophus cingulatus, 261 Lema trilineata, 278 Lemonias virgulti, 444 Lens of ocellus of larva of saw-fly, *30 Leopard-moth, 413 Lepidocyrtus americanus, * 4 Lepidoptera (Aezic, lepis, a scale; mrTepév, pterum, wing), 56, 358; life-his- tory of, 360; mouth- parts ‘of, 350, *362; scales of, their structure and arrangement, 589 Lepinotus, 113 Lepisma saccharina, *58, 61, domestica, *62; sp.. Mantis religiosa, *129, 130, 131; egg-cases of, *1 *165 Mantispa styriaca, 234 Mantispide, Mantispa (ir- regular, mavtic, mantis, an insect; Sy, ops, face), 224, 234 Maple-scale, *188 Maple-tree borer, of, *284 Maracanda, 232 March-flies, 304, 325 subspino- mos- stages March-fly, *326 Margarodes formicarum, 190 Maritime locust, *147 Marsh-treader, *197, 198 Marsh-treaders, 194 Marumba modesta, 437 Masaride, Masaris (“acdouat, masaome, to chew), 498 Mason-bees, 514 Mason-wasps, 498 May-beetles, 275 May-flies, 53, 65; about electric lamp, *66; gills of nymph of, 68; life- history of, 67 May-fly, *68; compound eye of, *32; nymph of, showing tracheal gills, *20; section through head of male, *69; young nymph of, *67 Maxille (see parts) Meadow-browns, 457 Meadow — grasshopper, *153, *154 Mealy-winged flies, 166, 190, *193; respiratory system of, *19 Meat-safe live-cage, *643 Mecoptera (“ijxoc, mecus, length; zzepév, pterum, wing), 223, 235; key to genera of, 235 Media (see venation) Mediterranean flour-moth, *377, 379 Megachile, 514; anthra- cina, nest of, *514 Megachilide, | Megachile (uéyac, megas, great; yethoc, chelus, lip), 514 Megalopyge crispata, scales, from wing of, *593; opercularis, 383 Megalopygide (prob. péyag, megas, great; aa pyge, rump), 369, 393 Megathyma yucce, 441 mouth- Megathymide (prob. Héyac, megas, great; Guudc, thymus, spirit), 441 Megilla maculata, *286; vitigera, *: Index Melanactes piceus, 268 Melanoplus atlanis, 133, *137, 141; bivittatus, *138, 141; differentialis, *137,141; femur-rubrum, *135, 140; development of, *42; nervous system of head of, *23; postem- bryonic development of, *125; spretus, 133, 136 Melipona, 520 Melissodes, 515 Melittia ceto, 301 Melitea chalcedon, 457 Meloe angusticollis, 293 Meloide, Meloe (Lin- nzeus,—etym. uncertain), 288, 289 Melophagus ovinus, *352 Membracide, Membracis (uéuGpas, membrax, a kind of cicada), 166, 168 Membrane of wing (outer half of fore-wing, He- teroptera, *196) Memythrus polistiformis, 351, 391 Menopon pallidum, *119 Merisus destructor, *478 Merope, 236 Mesochorus agilis, para- sitizing Nylina sp., *486 Mesothemis simplicicollis, 97 Mesobregma cincta, *147 Meso-thorax, 7 Metal-marks, 444 Metamorphosis, 35; com- plete, 41; complete, of blow-fly, *45; complete, of honey-bee, *46; com- plete, of monarch but- terfly, *44; complete, significance of, 51; in- complete, 41; incom- plete, of a dragon-fly, *83; incomplete, of as- sassin-bug, *43; incom- plete, of Melanoplus fe- mur-rubrum, *125; of Hemiptera, 164 Metapodius femoratus, 214 Meta-thorax, 7 Meteorus hyphantrie, *485; parasitizing Xy- lina lacticinerea, *487 683 Mexican jumping bean- moth, 382, *383 Microcentrum laurifolium, *I51, 152; retinervis, 152 Micropterygide, Microp- teryx (ixpdc, micrus, small; 7répvé pteryx, wing), 368, 370, 371 Micropteryx sp., venation of wing of, *372 Microdon mutabilis, *340 Micromus sp., *229 Micropyle, 15; of various eggs, *37 Midaide, Midas (yidac, midas, a destructive in- sect in leguminous plants), 330 Midas-flies, 330 Midge, larva of, *311; male, *310; pupa of, ¥311 Midges, 304, 310 Migratory locusts, 133 Milkweed-bug, 211 Milkweed-butterfly, ar- rangement of pharynx, cesophagus, etc., in head of, *361; cross-section of sucking proboscis of, *361; part of maxillary proboscis of, showing arrangement of muscles, *361 Milyas cinctus, 204 Mimesidae, Mimesa (uiunotc, mimesis, imi- tation), 502 Mimicry, 609; of monarch butterfly by viceroy, *610; of wasps by moths, *608 Mining-bees, 513 Mochlonyx culiciformis, auditory organ in an- tenna of, *29 Mode of pinning beetle, *637 Modest sphinx, 437 Mole-cricket, long-winged, 161; northern, 161; Por- to Rican, *161 Monarch butterfly, *451; complete metamorphosis of, *44; development of color-pattern in pupal wings of, *596; external parts of, *6; internal 684 anatomy of, *13; larva of, *605; mimicry of, by viceroy butterfly, *610; part of wing ot, show- ing scales, *360; vena- tion of wings of, *371; venation of, *11 Moniliform, 258 Monobia quadridens, 502 Monohammus, 285 Monomorium — minutwm, *536; pharaonis, 541 Monostegia rose, 466 Monterey-pine midge, *324 Morpho sp., base of scale of, *591 Mosquito, auditory organ in antenna of, *29; beak of, *302; female, mouth- parts of, *301; head and mouth-parts of, *7; life- history of, *305; mala- ria-carrying, *308 Mosquitoes, 304; and ele- phantiasis, 633; and fila- riasis, 632; and malaria, 617; and yellow fever, 630; eaten by dragon- flies, 81; methods of fighting, 309 Moth, ommatidia of, *31 Moth-fly, 319, *320; larva anid ip wpa ots *320:: mouth-parts of, *320 Moth-like flies, 304 Moths, 56, 358; and but- terflies, single scale from, *589; and wasps, showing mimicry, *608; key to superfamilies and families of, 367; scales of, their structure and arrangement, 589; wood- nymph, 407 Moulting, 43 Mourning-cloak, 455 Mouth-parts, 6; head of larva of net-winged midge showing forma- tion of adult, *318; head of larva of black-fly showing developing, *314; developing, of tus- sock-moth, *363; devel- opment of, of Corydalis cornuta, *227; of bee- fly, *334; of dance-fly, *335; of Cicada, *9; of Index Dixa sp., *319; of dob- son-fly, *6; of Eristalis sp., *340; of female black-fly, *313; of fe- male net-winged midge, *316; of a female mos- quito, *301; of a female punkie, *311; of Hemip- tera, *164; of honey-bee, *7, *459; of honey-bee, development, *460; of horse-fly, *329; of house- fly, *8, *301; of Hymen- optera, 460; of larva of black-fly, *313; of larva of net-winged midge, *317; of larva of wasp, *461; of Lepidoptera, *362; of a long-tongued bee, *512; of mosquito, *7; of moth-fly, *320; of mud-wasp, *460; of net-winged midge, *9; of robber-fly, *331; of a short-tongued bee, *511; of sphinx-moth, *10; of thrips, *8, *220; variety of. Notonecta, 199 Notonectide, | Notonecta (voroc, notus, the back; vyxTn¢e, mnectes, a swim- mer), 194, 198 Notum (dorsal wall of a body segment) Number of insect species, 56 , Nycteribiide, | Nycteribia (vuxteplc, nycteris, a 685 bat; Bioe, life), 351, 352 Nycteribia sp., 352 Nymph (young of insects with incomplete meta- morphosis), *42, *67 Nymphalid, venation of, *440 Nymphalide, © Nymphalis (vongn, nymphe, a nymph), 450 bius, Oak _ bucculatrix - moths, 37 Oak leaf-roller, 380 Oak-apples, 471, *472 Oak-scale, southern Cali- fornia, *192 Oak-worm moth, orange- striped, *428 Oblique-banded leaf-roller, 380 Oblong leaf-winged katy- did, *151 Obsolete-banded strawber- ry leaf-roller, larva of, *364; pupa and adults of, *365 Ocellar lens of larva of saw-fly, *30 Ocellus, *3, 31; section of, of honey-bee, *30 Odonata (ddove, odus,. tooth, applicability un- certain), 53, 75 Odontomachus hematodes, 340 Odontomyia, venation of wing of, *329 Odynerus, 499 CEcanthus angustipennis, 160; fasciatus, *159,. *160; niveus, *159, 160 (Edemasia concinna, 304% eximia, *393; larva of, 393 CEdipodine, 136, 143 (Eneis, 457 CEstride, Gstrus (ozorpoe,. estrus, a gadfly, a sting), 332, 337 Oiketicus abbotti, 386 Oil-beetles, 289 Olfersia americana, 351 Ommatidium, *31, *32, *33 Omus, 253 Oncomyia, 337 686 Oncopeltus fasciatus, 211° Oncophorus, 118 Onion-fly, 345 Onion-thrips, 221 Onychophora, 3 Ophion purgatum, *482 Opsicatus personatus, 203 Orange-puppy, 450 Orange-scale, 188, *180, *190 Orange-sulphur, 446 Orange-tips, 446 Orchelimum vulgare, *153, *154 Orders, key to, 52 Orl-fly, smoky, immature stages of, *225 Orneodes hexadactyla, 377 Orneodide, Orneodes (6preov, orneum, bird; eldoc, eidos, form), 368 Orphnephilide (prob. “opovn, orphne, darkness ; giroc, philus, loving), 327 Orphnephila testacea, 327 Orphula pelidina, *141 Orthoptera (op§0c, orthus, straight ; trépov, pterum, wing), 5, 123; key to families of, 126; sound- -making by, 123, 134, 150, *I51, 152, 155, *157, 159 ©Orthosoma brunnea, 283; development of color- pattern in, *598 Orchids, specialization of, for insect pollination, 575 Oscinide, Oscinis (La- treille, — etym. uncer- tain), 350 Osmia, 514 Otiorhynchide, Otiorhyn- chus (driov, otium, little ear; piyxyor, rygchus, snout), 204, 205 Otiorhynchus ovatus, 205 Ovarial tubes of Aptera, *50 Ovaries and oviducts of thrips, *36; of queen bee, *521 Ovipositor, *3, 7; of a gall- fly, *468 Owl-butterfly, *612 Owlet-moths, 370 Ox-louse, long-nosed, 217; short-nosed, 217, *218 Index Oxybelus quadri-notatus, nest-burrow of, *401 Oxyptilus periscelidacty- lus, 377; tenuidactylus, *377 Pach ycondyla harpax, 540, Painted beauty, 454 Paleacrita vernata, 307 Pale-green locust, *140 Palmer-worm, larva of, *373; moth, *374 Palpi (jointed processes attached to mouth-parts or terminal segments of abdomen) Palpus, nerve-endings in tip of, *26 Pamphilas, 443 Pamera longula, 211 Panorpa, 236; rufescens, *236 Panorpodes, 236 Paonias excacatus, *435; myops, *435 Papilio, 448 Papilio cresphontes, 449; daunus, 449; Euryme- don, 449; glaucus, 449; polyxenes, 450; venation of, *440, rutulus, *447, 449; sp., chrysalid of, *448; troilus, 450; tur- mus, 449 Papilionid, *440 Papilionide, Papilio (pa- pilio, a butterfly), 447 Papilionina (see Papilion- ide) Papiriide (prob. tatupoc, paryrs, paper, reed), 3 Papirius maculosus, *63 Parandra brunnea, 285 Parasa chloris. 384 Parasita (parasitus, a parasite), 165, 216 Parasite, chalcid, ichneumon, of army- worms, *482; ichneu- mon, of the pigeon-tre- mex, *484 Parasites, importation of, 486; Hymenopterous, of a social wasp, *480; numbers of, 480; of venation of, *470; aphids, *173; of caterpil- lars, *476, *477 Parasitic fungus of Cali- fornia flower-beetle, *346 Parasitic Hymenoptera, 478 Parasitism, characteristics of, 478; of caterpillar, — *476, *477 Paratettix cucullatus, *148 Parnassian butterfly, *439 Parnassians, 447 Parnassius clodius, 447; smintheus, 447, *439 Parnide, Parnus (Fabri- cius, 1792,—etym. doubt- ful), larva of, *264 Parorgyia parallela, 405 Parthenogenesis, 221; among aphids, 173, 175 Passalus cornutus, 273 Pastinmaca sativa, 569, 571 Patagia, 408 Patterns of insects, 584 Peach-tree borer, 389; lar- va of, #391; cocoons of, © *391; moths of, *3903 eggs of, #390 Peacock butterfly, 455 Pear-tree flea-louse, 171; slug, 466 Pea-weevil, 277, *281 Peckham, G. W.and E.G., on instinctive and intel- ligent behavior, 643, 650 Pectinate, *250 Pediculide, Pediculus (pediculus, a louse), 216 Pediculus capitus, *216; inguinalis, *217; vesti- mentt, *216 Peduncle, ror, 534 Pegomyia vicina, 345 Pelecintde, Pelecinus (werexivoc, pelecinus, a pelican), 463, 484 Pelecinus polyturator, *485 Pelidnota punctata, 275 Pellucid locust, 133, *145 Pelocaris femorata, 199 Pelopeeus, 499 Pemphigus tessellata, 180 Pemphredonidz, Pemphre- don (teudpedav, pemphre- don, a kind of wasp), 502 Pentamera (méTe, pente, five; “époc, merus, part), 251, 252 Pentatomide, Pentatoma (wévte, pente, five; Taueiv, tamen, cut), 195, 207, 2 Pentatoma juniperina, 215 Pepper-and-salt — currant- moth, *398 Pepsis formosa, *500, 501 Pericardial membrane of locust, *18 : Pericoma californica, *3203 larva and pupa of, *320 Pericopide (epi, peri, around; kote, copten, cut), 370, 407 Periplaneta americana, 127; australasia, 128; orientalis, 128, *128 Peripsocus, 113 Perithemis domitia, *95, 9 Perla, 73; sp., *72 Pernicious scale, females and young on bark of fruit-tree, *182; male and female (enlarged), *184; on bark of fruit- tree, *181; structure and life-history of, 182 Petrophora diversilineata, *300 Phagocytes, 49 Phagocytosis, 49 Phaneus carnifex, *274 Phasmide, Phasma (gaoua, phasma, an ap- parition), 126, 132; key to genera of, 132; pro- tective resemblance of, 132 Pheidole commutata, sol- dier and worker of, *537; lamia, soldier and work- er of, *535 Phigalia strigataria, *308 Philopteride, Philopterus (oize, philen, love; mrépov, pterum, a feath- er), 118 Philosamia cynthia, 421 Phlegethontius sexta, 434; carolina, larva of, *432; celeus, larva of, *432; quinquemaculata, 434 Index Phobetron pithecium, 384 Pholisora catallus, 442 Pholus achemon, *433, 434; larva of, *431, *434; pandorus, *433, 434 Phorbia brassice, 345; ce- parum, 345 Phorothrips sp., *219 Photinus angulatus, 269; modestus, larva of, *269; pyralis, 269; scintillans, *269 Phryganea cinerea, *239 Phryganeide, Phryganea (gpvyavov, phryganum, a dry stick), 244, 245 Phryganidia californica, *406, 407 Phyllium, 132, *602 Phylloxera vastatrix, 176 Phyllum, 2 Phymata wolfi, 205 Phymatide, Phymata (dina, phyma,atumor), 195 Physocephala, 337; affinis, *336 Physonota unipunctata, 281 Physostomum, 119 Phytophaga (gvTév, phy- tum, plant; gaye, pha- gen, eat), 252, 277 Pierid, venation of, *440 Pieride, Pieris (epic, pieris, sing. of uepidec, the Muses), 444 Pigeon-tremex, *467; ich- neumon-parasite of, *484 Pimpla conquisitor, *483; inquisitor, 483; sp., an ichneumon-fly, *481 Pinacate bug, *288 Pine-leaf miner, white, 445 Pinning beetle, mode of, *637; bug, *637; insects, 637 Pioplila casei, *348 Pipe-vine swallowtail, 450 Pistil and ovary of flower, showing pollen-tube, *564 Plagionotus *283, 284 Planta, 522 Plant - bug, leaf - footed, 214; tarnished, *209 376; Spectosus, 687 Plant-lice, 171 Plants, fertilization of, 564 Plathemis lydia, *97; tri- maculata, issuance of adult, *86 Platycercus quercus, 273 Platygaster herricki, larva of, *481; instricator, lar- va of, *481 Platynota flavedana, *381 Platypsylla castoris, 265 Platypsyllide, Platypsyl- lus (tAaric, p latys broad, flat; pvAda, psyl- la, flea), 265 Plecoptera (aexréc, blec- tus, plaited ; 7repév, pterum, wing), 53, 65, 70; table of genera, 73 Plodia interpunctella, 378 Plum-curculio, 296 Plume-moth, California, *377 Plume-moths, 368, 376 Plum-geometer, *398 Plusia, 402 Podisus spinosus, *215 Podura sp., *41 Poduride, Podura (ove, pus, foot; ova, ura, tail), 63, 64; analysis of behavior of, 639 Pecilocapsus lineatus, *209 Pogonomyrmex barbatus var. molifaciens, 541; occidentalis, mound-nest of, *542 Polistes, 294, 503, 506, 507; sp., nest and stages of, *508; parasitized by Xenos sp., *293 Pollen, basket, 514, *521; gathering, adaptation of insects for, 569 Pollination, 564 Polybia, 503; favitarsis, 507 Polyergus rufescens, 547 Polygonia comma, *453; interrogationis, 454; chrysalid of, *455; larve of, *454 Polymorphism, 526 Polyphemus - moth, *421; larva of, *421 Polyphylla crinita, *274 Polypsocus, 113 Polystachotes *220 420, punctatus, 688 Pomace-flies, 349 4 Pompilide, Pompilus (wourh, pompe, escort), 499, 501 Poneridz, Ponera ( zovnpéc, ponerus, bad, useless), 540 : ! Pontia beckeri, 445; napi, 445; occidentalis, 445; protodice, 445; venation of, *440; rap@, 445; si- symbri, 445 Poplar carpenter-moth, 385 Porthetria dispar, 405 Potter-bees, 514 Potato-beetle, 278 Potter-wasps, 498 Potomanthus brunnetus, section through head of male, *69 Praying-mantes, 126; an- cient beliefs, 130 Praying-mantis, *129, 130, 131; egg-cases of, *162, #163 Predaceous diving-beetle, 252; ground-beetle, 252 Prenolepis imparis, 547; underground nest of, *546 Prionide, Prionus (piv, prion, a saw), 283 Prionidus cristatus, 204 Prionoxystus robinie, 385, 386; scales from wing of, *594; venation of, Prionus californicus, *282; imbricornis, 283; laticol- lis, 283 Pristophora 466 Proboscis, *7, 8, *10 Proctotrypide, Procto- trypes (tpoxtéc, proctus, the anus; Tevar, trypan, to bore), 463, 477 Proctotrypoidea Proctotrypide ) Prolimacodes scapha, 384 Promethea- moth, 422, *424; development of color-pattern in pupal wings of, *597 Prominents, 369, 392 Pronotum, *3 Pronuba moth laying eggs in ovary of Yucca, *577; grossularia, (see Index rubbing pollen down stigmatic tube of Yucca, a Pronuba yuccasella, as a cross-pollinator of yuc- cas, 576 Prop-legs, 360 Propolis, 530 Prosopis pubescens, mouth-parts of, *511 Prosternum, 136 Protective resemblance, 599; of Phasmide, 132; of Trimerotropis, 147 Prothorax, 7 Pselaphide, Pselaphus (yndagav, pselaphan, feel or grope about), 265 Pseudohazis eglanterina, 426; hera, 426; shas- tensis, 426 Pseudoperla, 73 Psilopus ciliatus, venation of wing of, *336 Psinidia fenestralis, *146 Psithyride, Psithyrus (yiupéc, psithyrus, whisperer, warbler), 520 Psithyrus, 519 Psocide, Psocus (payer, psochen, grind in pieces), 112; key to genera of, 112; venation of wing of, 113 Psocus, 113 Psyche, 386 Psyche carbonaria, 386; confederata, 386; glo- vert, 386 Psychide, Psyche (wvxn, psyche, a butterfly), 369, 3 Psychoda sp., mouth-parts of, *320 Psychodide, Psychoda (puxn, psyche, butter- fly; eldoc, edus, form), 304, 319 : Psychology of insects, 32 Psychomorpha epimenis, 409 Psyllide, Psylla (vada, psylla, a flea), 166, 171 Psyllomyia testacea, *553 Pteronarcys, 73 Pterophoride, Pteropho- rus (7repév, pterum, feathers; ¢épew, pheren, bear), 368, 376 Pteroptrix flavimedia, *479 Pterostichus, 255; storiola, *254 Ptinide, Ptinus (iro, phthino, decay, destroy), 265, 271 Ptynx, 233 Pulex avium, 353; irritans, *354, 356 Pulicide, Pulex (pulex, a flea), 355, 356 Pulvilliform, 332 Pulvillus, 102 Pulvinaria innumerabilis, *188 Punkie, female, mouth- parts of, *311 Punkies, 310 Pupa, 45 Pupipara (pupus, a child; parere, bring forth), 303, 351 Puss-moth, larva of, *607 Puss-moths, 392, 304 Pyralid moth, venation of wing of, *376 Pyralidina, Pyralis (zip, pyr, fire), 368, 374, 376 Pyralis farinalis, 378; ve- nation of wing of, *376 Pyromorpha dimidiata, 388; venation of, *389 Pyromorphid, venation of a *3 Pyromorphide (prob. tt, pyr, fire; “0po7, morphe, form), 369, 386 Pyrrharctia isabella, 412 Pyrrhocoride, Pyrrhocoris (wuppéc, — pyrrus, red- dish ; xépec, coris, a bug), 195, 207, 210 Radius (see venation) Ranatra fusca, *201; eggs of, *201 Raphidia sp., stages of, *233 e, Raphidiide, Raphidia (agic, raphis, a needle), 224 Raspberry geometer, 398; plume-moth, *377; root borer, 391 Rat-fleas, 357 Rat-tailed larva of a Syr- phid, *340 Rearing insects, 640 Redbugs, 195, *210 Red-humped caterpillar- moth, see larva of, *393, 3 Red- icgeed locust, *135, 140 Red-spotted purple, 452 Red-tailed tachina-fly, *347 Reduviide, Reduvius (re- an a hangnail), 195, Resets defined, 636; ex- amples of, 637, 638; of ants, 554 Remedies, 189 Reproduction among aphids, 173, 177 Reproductive system, 14 Reproductive organs, 38; of female thrips, *36 Resemblance, protective, 599 } Respiration, 19; of aquatic insects, 20 Respiratory system, 19; of Aptera, *59; of locust, *18; of mealy-winged fly, *19; of thrips, *18 Rhagium lineatum, larva of, *266 Rhagoletts cingulata, larva of, *349; puparia of, *350 Rhamnus lanceolata, vis- ited by insects, 560 Rhamphomyia, 335; longi- cauda, *334; sp., mouth- parts of, *335; Rhinoceros - beetle, *12, *276 Rhodites ros@, 473 Rhopalocera (Aé7a/0v, rho- palum, a club; képac, ceras, a horn), 364 Rhobotota vacciniana, *381 Rhyacophilide, Rhya- cophila (tag, ryaxr,a stream; ge, philen, love), 244, 245 Rhynchophora, 251, 204; key to families of, 294 Rhyphide, Rhyphus ( fupde, rhyrus, curved), 327 Rhyphus, diagram of wing of, *327 Rice-weevil, 297 Index Robber-flies, 330 Robber-fly, *331; bumble- bee-like, *331; mouth- parts of, *331; venation of wing of, *331 Rocky Mountain 133, 136 Rose-beetle, *275 Rose-leaf hopper, 170 Rose-aphids and ants, *174 Rose-scale, *190 Rose-slug, 466 Rostrum, 251 Rosy dryocampa, 427 Rove-beetles, 260, *552 Royal walnut-moth, larva of, *366 Russet-brown tortrix, *381 Saddle - back 384 Salda sp., *202 Saldide, Salda (from a proper name), 195, 202, 224 Salivary gland, *15; sec- tions of, of giant crane- fly, *16; before and after degeneration, of larva of giant crane-fly, *51 Salix cordata, visited by insects, 5690; humilis, visited by insects, 569 Salvia-flower, *572 Salvia officinalis, speciali- zation of, for insect pol- lination, 573 Samia ceanothi, 419; ce- cropia, 418, *419; larva of, *420; moth and co- coon cut open to show pupa of, *367; columbia, 419; gloveri, 419 San José scale, *181, *182, *184 Sand-cricket, *156, 157 Sand-diggers, thread- waisted, 493 Sanninoidea exitiosa, 380; larva of, *391; cocoons and empty pupal skins of, *391; moths of, *390; SS of, *390; pacifica, locust, caterpillar, Sener candida, *285 Sarcophaga _ sarracenia, 343, *344 Sarcophagine, 341, 343 689 Sarcopsylla penetrans, 355 Sarcopsyllide, Sarcopsyl- la (capé, sarx, flesh; widda, psylla, a flea), 355 Sargus, 330 Saturnia, 370 Saturniina, Saturnia (Sat- urn), 417 Satyrs, 457 Saw-fly, *464; develop- ment of egg of, *69; ocellar lens of larva of, *30 Saw-flies, 463, 464 Saw-horned fish-fly laying eggs, *225 Scale of Hepialus megla- shani, *589 Scale of Lycomorpha con- stans, *592 Scale-insects, 180 Scales, arrangement of, on wing of butterfly, *5901; base of, *591; develop- ment of, on wing of Anosia plexippus, *595; development of, on wing of Euvanessa antiopa, *594: single, from moths and butterflies, *589; from wing of Gloveria arizonensis, *593; from wing of goat-moth, *594; from wing of Heliconia sp., *504; from wing of Mega- lopyge crispata, *503; of moths and butterflies, producing color, 504; of moths and_ butterflies, structure and arrange- ment, 589; of springtail, *64; on wing of mon- arch butterfly, *360; on wings of Culex fatigans, *310 Scallop - shell geometer, * Scapteriscus didactylus, *I61 Scarabeid beetle, larva of, *274; leaf-chafers, 275 Scarabzide, Scarabzeus (scarabeus, a_ beetle), 272, 273 Scatophaga sp., *348 Scavenger-beetle, 272, 273 690 Scepsis fulvicollis, 411 Sciara, 325 Schistocerca americana, *130, 141; emarginata, *140 Schizura, 395 Sclerite, *5 Scolytide, Scolytus (oKoAurtety, scolypten, to strip [bark]), 2094, 207 Scorpion-flies, 55, 223, 236 Screw-worm fly, 344 Scudderia furcata, pistillata, *152 Scutelleride, Scutellera (scutum, a small shield), 195, 207 Scutellum (dorsal trian- gular piece at the base of and between elytra or fore wings) Scydmenide, Scydmzenus (oxiduawoc, scydmenus, angry-looking, sad-col- ored), 265 Seed-gall, jumping, 472 Segment, 5 Self-pollination, 564 Senilia camelis, *169 Sense of hearing, 20; of sight, 30; of smell, 27; of taste, 26; organs, 24; tactile, 26 Senses, special, 24 Sepedon fascipennis, *350 Sericostomatide, Sericos- toma (anptxéc, sericus, silken; oréua, stoma, mouth), 244, 245 Sermyle, 133 Serosa, 38 Serphus dilatus, 200; sp., *200 Serrate, *250 Serricornia (serra, a saw; cornu, horn), 251, 265; key to families of, 265 Sesia pictipes, *392; tipuliformis, 390 Sestidz, Sesia (o7¢, ses, a moth), 368, 388 Setting-board with butter- flies properly spread, *638; cross-section of, showing construction, *638; how to make, 638 Seventeen-year Cicada, 166, 167 ese: Index Shad-flies, 65 Sheep-louse, *219 Sheep-ticky” 351, *352 Shield-bytked bugs, 195, 214; gfasshopper, *155 Shore-big, 195, *202 Short - beaked mosquito, $309 5 pupa and larva of, 309 Short-winged cricket, *158 Short-winged locust, *140, *I4I, 142 Sialide, Sialis (ovatic, si- alis a kind of bird), key to genera of, 224; key to larve of, 224 Sialis, 224; infumata, ma- ture stages of, *225 Sibine stimulea, 384 Sight, sense of, 30 Silkworm dissected, *430; mulberry, *428, *429 Silkworm-moths, 369; mating reflexes of, 640 Silpha americana, 261; lapponica, 261; novebo- ‘racensis, *261, 262 Silphide, Silpha (o/Adn, silphe, a beetle) ,258, 261 Silvanus surinamensis, stages of, *262 Silver-spots, 456 Silver-spotted skipper, 442 Silvius pollinosus, 329 Simplecta sp., venation of wings of, *321 Simuliide, Simulium (simulare, imitate), 304, 313 Simulium sp., *312; head of larva, showing mouth- parts, *314; larva and pupe, *312; mouth- parts, *313; mouth- parts of larva, *313; venation of wing, *312 Sinoxylon basilare, 272 Siphonaptera (cigar, si- phon, tube; arrepoc, ap- terus, wingless), 56, 353; key to families of, 355 Siricicoidea (see Siri- cide), 464 Siricide, Sirex (cetpnr, si- ren, a siren, wasp), 463, 4 Sisyra umbrata, stages of, *229 Sitaris humeralis, life-his- tory of, 291 Sitrodrepa panicea, 271 Sium cicutefolium, visited by insects, 571 Skipper-butterflies, 442 Slave ants, 547 Slave-maker ants, 547; shining, 547 Slaves, 547 Slug, pear-tree, 466; rose, 4 Smell, sense of, 27 Smelling-pits on antenna of carrion-beetle, *27 Smerinthus geminatus, *435, 437; larva of, *436 Smoky-moths, 369, 386 Smynthuridez, Sminthurus (cuirdoc, sminthus, mouse; ovpd, ura, tail), 3 Smynthurus aquaticus, *58; hortensis, 63 Snake-doctor, 76 Snake-feeder, 76 Snap-dragon, specialization of, for insect pollination, 572; visited by honey- bees, *563 Snapping apparatus of click-beetle, *267 Snipe-flies, 327, 330, 332 Snout-beetles, 204 Snow-flea, *64 Snow-white Eugonia, 398 Snowy tree-cricket, *159, 160 Social wasp, Hymenoptera parasites of, *480 Soldier-beetle, 260 Soldier-bug, banded, 204 Soldier-flies, 327, 320 Solenopsis molesta, 544 Solidago canadensis, vis- ited by insects, 571 Song of snowy tree- cricket, 160 Sooty-wings, 442 Sound-making by Orthop- tera, 123, 134, 150, *I5I, 152, 155, *157, 159; file of cricket, *157; organ of the Cicadide, *167 Southern grain-plant- louse, *172 Span-worms, 395 Species, 56 Spermatheca, 14 Spermatozoa (see Repro- ductive organs) Speyeria idalia, 456 Spherophthalma aureola, 408 ; californica, 498; pa- cifica, *498; similima, * 97 Spharagemon bolli, *146; collare, *146 Sphecina (c¢7&, sphex, a wasp), 463 Sphecius speciosus, 500 Sphecoidea (sec Sphe- cina), 464 Sphenophorus, 297 Sphex ichneumonea, 499; occitanica, *492 Sphingicampa bicolor, 429 Sphingide, Sphinx (cd/yé, spligx, sphinx), 369, 431 Sphinx, 437; chersis, larva of, showing threatening attitude, *606; gordius, *436 Sphinx-moth, 431; front of head of, showing frontal sclerites and mouth-parts of, *362; mouth-parts of, *10; pen-marked, larva of, showing threatening as- pect, *606; sucking pro- boscis of, *360 Sphyracephala MS, 347 } Spice- bush swallowtail, 450. Spilosoma virginica, 412 Spiracles, 7, 19 Spittle-insects, 170; stages of froth production, *171 Spondylide, Spondylis (oxévdvioc, spondylus, a vertebra, a joint), 277, 285 ; Sporotrichum — globulife- rum, 2123 Sp... *346 Spotted-winged locust, *I4AI Spotted wingless hopper, *154 Spreading-boards, how to make, 638 Spring azure, 443 Spring canker-worm, 397 brevicor- grass- Index Springtail, American, 64; pond-surface, *58; scales of, *64; spotted, *63 Sprinkled locust, *140, 142 | Spur, 232 Squash-bug, *213; family, 195 Squash-vine borer, 391 Stable-fly, *342 Stag-beetle, 272, *273 Staphylinide, Staphylinus (aragvaAwoc, staphylinus, a kind of insect), 258, 260 Staphylinus — cinnamopte- rus, 261; maculosus, 261 ; tomentosus, 261; viola- ceus, 261 Stegomyia, 305, 307; fas- ciata, 308 Stelide, Stelis (orTedic, stelis, a parasitical bee), 515 Stenobothrus curtipennis, *140, 142 Stenopelmatus sp., *156, 157 Stenopogon inquinatus, *331 Stephania picta, *197 Stephanide, Stephanus (crégavoc, stephanus, crown), 463 Sternum (ventral wall of a body segment) Sthenopis argenteo-macu- latus, 373 Stigma (opaque spot, costal area of wing) Stigmata, 19 Stilt-bugs, 105, 214 Sting of the honey-bee, 460, *461 Stink-bugs, 195, 214, *215 Stobera tricarinata, *168 Stomoxys calcitrans, *342 Stone-crickets, 155 Stone-flies, 53, 65, 70; life- history of, 71 Stone-fly, *72; exuvia of nymph of, *71; young (nymph) of, *71 Stratiomyia, 330 Stratiomyide, Stratiomyia (otpatiwtnc, stratiotes, a soldier; “va, myia, a fly), 327, 320 Strawberry root - borer, *374 691 Strepsiptera (orpége, strephen, twist; mrépov, pterum, wing), 293 Striped ground-cricket, *159 Stylopide, Stylops (orvAoc, stylus, a pillar; Gy, ops, eye, face), 293, 204 Stylops, 204 Subcosta (see Venation) Sugar-beet midge, 345 Sugar-maple borer, *283 Sulphur - colored _ tortrix, *380 Suture, *5 Swallow-tailed butterflies, 446, *447; butterfly, chrysalid of, *448 Swarming of honey-bees, 525 Swifts, 368, 372 Sword-bearer, *153 Sympathetic nervous sys- tem, 23; of larva of harlequin-fly, *24 Symphasis signata, *234 Symthurus aquaticus, 64 Synchloé sara, 446; genu- tat, 446 Synchlora glaucaria, 398 Synhalonia, 515 Syntomidz (prob. cvvrouia, syntomia, abridgment, shortness), 410 Syritta pipiens, 340 Syrphid, rat-tailed of, *340 Syrphide, Syrphus (cipdoc, syrphus, a gnat), 332, 339 Syrphus, 340;. contumax, venation of wing of, *330 Syrphus-flies, 3390 Syssphinx heiligbrodti, 429 Tabanide, Tabanus (ta- banus, a horse-fly), 327, 328 Tabanus, 320; lineola, *328 Tachina-fly, 345, *346 Tachinid parasite of Cali- fornia flower-beetle, *346 Tachinine, 341,.345 Tactile hair, innervation of, *26; sense, 26 Tenidia, *19 Tzniopteryx, 73 Tapestry-moth, 374 larva 692 Tarantula-killer, *500, 50I Tarsi, *6; of beetles, *250 Taste, sense of, 26 Tegmina, 134 Tegule (cup-like scale over base of forewing), 490 Telea polyphemus, 420, *421; larva of, *421 Telephorus bilineatus, 270 Tenebrio molitor, 289; ob- scurus, 289 Tenebrionide, (tenebre, Tenebrio darkness), 2 Tent-caterpillar, apple- tree, 415; forest, 415 Tent-caterpillar moths, 370 Tenthredinide, Tenthredo (teripndav, _tenthredon, a kind of wasp), 463, 464 Tenthredinidoidea, (see Tenthredinide), 464 Terias nicippe, 446 Termes, 102; bellicosus, 106; depredation by, 107; flavipes, comple- mentary queen, *103; habits of, 102, 103; winged male, *103; worker, *102; lucifugus, 104; redmant, *106 Termites, 55, 99; artificial distribution of, 108; food of, 101, 109; forms in a community, I01; key to genera of, 102; of Africa, 106; origin of castes of, 108; nests of, *100; sheds in Samoa, *ro1; structure of, Ior Termitogaster texana, a rove-beetle, *552 Termitophiles, 108 Termitophily, 108 Termopsis, 102; angusti- collis, 99, *104; habits of, 104, 105, 106 Texting appearances, Tetanocera pictipes, *348 Tetracha, 253 Tetragoneuria epinosa, *96 Tetramera (Tetpa, tetra, four; pépoc, merus, part), 252, 277 Index che lg tetraophthalmus, | Tolype velleda, 416 284 Tettigidea lateralis, *148, | 149 Tettigine, 136, 147 Tettix granulatus, *148; ornatus, *148 Thalessa lunator, *484 Thecla halesus, 444 Therioplectes, 320; mouth-parts of, *329 Thinopinus pictus, 261 Thistle-butterfly, 454 Thorax, parts of, *6; sec- tion of, showing attach- ment of leg and wing muscles, *5 Thread-legged bugs, 195, 204, *205 Thrips, 55, *219; alimen- tary canal of, *15; head and mouth-parts of, *8; mouth-parts of, *220; respiratory system of, *18; tabaci, 221 Thyreus abbotti, 437; lar- va of, *437 Thyridopteryx ephemere- formis, 386, *387; vena- tion of wing of, *389 Thysanoptera ( 4icavoc, thysanus, a tassel ; *TEpdr, pterum, a wing), 55, 220 Thysanura (@voavoc, thy- sanus, tassel; ovpa, ura, feu). 60; key to families or, Tibia, *3, *6 Tide-rock fly, *311 Tiger-beetles, 252 Tiger-moths, 370, 411 Tiger swallowtail, 449 Tinea biselliella, 374; pel- lionella, *373, 374; tapetzella, 374 Tineide (see 374 Tineina (tinea, a gnawing worm), 133, 368, 374 Tingitida, Tingis (Fabri- cius, 1803,—etym. Tineina), Tomato-worm moth, 434 Tomicus _ plastographus, galleries and stages of, *209 Tomognathus americanus, 547; sublevis, male and ergatoid female, *535 Tortoise-beetle, *280, 281 Tortricina, Tortrix (fem. of tortor, tormentor), 368, 374, 379 Tortricid, venation of a, *380 Toxoptera gramineum, va- rious stages of, *172 Trachez, 7, 10; in head of cockroach, *19; struc- ture of, *20 Tracheal gills, 20; of May-fly nymph, *20 Traces system of beetle, I Tramea lacerata, 95 Tree-bug, bound, 2143 green, 214; spined, *215 Tree-hoppers, 168 Tremex columba, *467 Tremex, pigeon, *467 Trienodes ignita, *243 Trichodectes latus, *120, 121; parumpilosus, *120, 121; pilosus, 121; scala- ris, *120, 121; subro- Stratus, 121 Trichodectide, T richo- dectes (Spit, thrix, hair; Onxrne, dectes, bite), 118 Trichodes, 270; apiarus, 270; ornatus, *269 Trichoptera (4pig, thrix, hair; 7répov, pterum, wing), 55, 223, 239; key to families of, 244 Tridactylus apicalis, *161 Trigonalide, Trigonalys. (tpiyovoe, trigonus, three-cornered; dius, alos, disk), 463 Trimera (rpeic, tris, three; népoc, merus, a part), 252, 286 Trimerotropis — maritima, *147 : Trimerotropis, protective resemblance of, 147. Water-boatmen, 194, 108, *199 Water-bug, giant, 199, *200; western, *200 Water-creepers, 199 Water-net, *639 Water scavenger - beetle, 259; development of egg of, *38; external anat- omy of, *247 Water-scorpion, 104, *201; eggs of, *201 Water-skater, ocean, *197 Water-striders, 195, 1096, *197 ; broad-bodied, *197 Water-tiger, *256 Wax-making of honey- bee, 526 Wax secreted by aphids, 175 Webbing clothes-moth, 374 Web-worm, fall, 412 West-coast lady, 454 694 Western cricket, *156, 157 Wheat-thrips, 221 Wheel-bugs, 203 Whirligig-beetle, 252, *257 Whirligigs, 255 White ants, 99 White-lined sphinx, 435 Wing, of butterfly, ar- rangement of scales on, *591; developing, of cab- bage-butterfly, *11; of monarch butterfly, part of, showing scales, *360; muscles of, *5 Wing-buds, development of, of giant crane-fly, *48 Wings, 9; of butterflies, androconia from, *592; of Heteropters, showing venation, *196; of locust, development of, *42 Winthemia, 4-pustuluta, 347 Wood-boring beetle, giant, development of color- pattern in, *598 Wood-borers, metallic, 265 Wood leopard-moth, 385 Index Wood-nymph, *409, 410, 457; moths, 370, 407 Woolly apple-aphis, 179 Woolly-bear caterpillars, FAIL Workers, 459 Xenos, 294; sp., parasitiz- ing Polistes, *29 Xestopsylla, 355; gallina- cea, 350 Xiphidium, atum, *154 Xylina antennata, *402; grotet, *402; lacticinera, parasitized larve of, *486 Xylocopas, 513 154; attenu- Yellow-fever, and, 630 Yellow-jacket, communal nest of the, *505; nest of, Vespa sp., cut open to show combs within, *506; queen, nest of, *507 Yellow-jackets, *505, 506 Yellow-winged locust, *144 mosquitoes Yolk, 37 Ypsolophus —_ pomatellus, *374; larva of, *373 Yucca-borer, 441 Yucca filamentosa, specifi- cation of, for insect pol- lination, 576 Yucca, pronuba moth rub- bing pollen down a stig- matic tube of, *578; pro- nuba moth laying eggs in ovary-tube of, *577 Zaitha fluminea, *200 Zalysus spinosus, 214 Zebra swallowtail, 448 Zerena cesonia, 446; eury- dice, 446 Zeuzera pyrina, 385 Zodion, 337 ; Zygenid, venation of, *411 Zygenide, Zygena [Fabri- cius, 1775] (Svyawa, sy- g@na, supposed to mean the hammer - headed shark), 370, 410 Zygoptera (prob. Cuydv, sygum, yoke ; 7Tépov, pterum, wing), 89; key to families of, 89 THE AMERICAN NATURE SERIES In the hope of doing something toward furnishing a series where the nature-lover can surely find a readable book of high authority, the pub- lishers of the American Science Series have begun the publication of the American Nature Series. It is the intention that in its own way, the new series shall stand on a par with its famous predecessor. The primary object of the new series is to answer questions—those (outside of the domain of philosophy) which the contemplation of Nature is constantly arousing in the mind of the unscientific intelligent person. But a collateral object will be to give some intelligent notion of the causes of things.’’ The books will be under the guarantee of American experts, and from the American point of view; and where material crowds space, pref- erence will be given to American facts over others of not more than equal interest. 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