None
668 Lengthening metal, rolling, 671 Liebig-Eichhorn roasting furnace, 427 Lignite, 159 coke, 227 Lime as a refractory material, 370 neutralization of SOj, 880 Limestone neutralization of SO2, 880 Li me- roast, 411 Liquating, 501 Liquation trough, 380 Liquid fuel, apparatus for burning, 330 fuels in general, 284 Liquid fuel, products, metallurgical, 886 Liquids, moving, 687 Liquidus, 37 Livermore automatic roasting furnace, 426 Lixiviation in general, 504 Ljunberg continuous kiln for charring wood, 219 Lomax, bituminous coal, 165 Lone Elm Works, baghouse, 852 Long-crosshead, blowing-engine, 785 Loomis-Pettibone producer for water-gas, 318 Loss of heat by radiation, 796, 797 in dust flues through building mate- rials, 844 Lotharingian gas-washer, 865 pipe-stove, 810 Lilrman, calorific power, 112 continuous coke-oven, 277 Ludwig, isotectic lines of refractory clays, 347 Lundin gas- washer, 862 Luster of coke, 229 of metal, 4 MacDougall mechanical roasting furnace, 428 Mackey-Seymour coke-oven, 276 Magnesia as a refractory material, 370 Magnesite, 370 Magnetic permeability of alloys, 67 of metals, 30 Mahler bomb, 112 Maletra shelf-burner, 428 Malleability of metals, order of, 17 Management of corporation, 889 Mannesmann rolls, 647 Manufacture of bauxite brick, 369 of chrome brick, 374 of fire brick, 355 of magnesite brick, 371 of silica brick, 366 Marcilly, testing fuels, 161 Marl, 370 Martins, determination dust in gases, 833 Massick and Crooke four-pass stoves, 819, 820 Mathiesen and Hegeler mechanical roast- ing furnace, 427 Matte, 884 converter, 388 Meade montejus, 710 Mechanical draft, 761 metallurgical operations, 534 sprayers of oil, 332 treatment of metal, 646 Mechanically raked reverberator>' roasting furnace, 422 Medium-sized crushing, 540 Meiler for charring wood, 210 Melting, 474 -point curve, 37 of fire-day, 344 -points of metals, 22 Mendenheim kiln, 361 Merrill classifier, 612 filter press, 726-729 INDEX 903 Merton mechanical roasting furnaces, 424 Messiter, on reinforced cement, dust flues, 842 _ ^ Messier, determination dust in gases, 833 Mesur6-Nouel pyrometer, 138 Metal, as a refractory material, 378 handling in rolling, 670 mechanical treatment, 646 reduction in rolling, 671 rolling, 646 scrap, briquetting, 645 Metallic oxygen salts, 95 salts fusion-pyrometers, 1 28 sulphides, decrepitation upon heating, 403 ignition temperatures, 404 oxidizing roast, 403 Metallurgical plants, cost, 888 products, 884 Metallurgy, definition, i general, bibliography, 2 Metals, allotropic change, 6, 7 brittleness, 16 chemical properties, 30 cleavage, 4 color, 4 contraction, 26 corrosion, 31 crystallization, 4 definition, i density, 3 diffusion, 20 electric conductivity, 29 expansion, 26 flow, 17 fusibility, 22 hardness, 9 latent heats of fusion, 24 luster, 4 magnetic permeability, 30 odor, 4 plasticity, 16 properties, 3 specific heat, 27 structure, 7 strength, 14 thermal conductivity, 28 toughness, 16 volatility, 24 welding power, 19 transparency, 4 Methods of coking compared, 281 of firing a furnace, 325 of leaching, 506 Microphotograph of coke, 230 of spruce charcoal, 208 Middleton briquette press, 203 Miller gas-producer, 308 Mineraus, conductance, 514 Mixers, 714 Modes of coking, 236 Modified beehive-ovens, 244 Mohs scale of hardness, 10 Molding of fire-brick, 358 Mond gas, 314 Monier material, dust-flue, 841 Montejus, 709 Moore stove, 822 suction-filter, 736 Morgan gas-producer, 304 Morrison hammer, 677 Morris, submerged vertical centrifugal pump, 701 suction vertical centrifugal pump, 702 Mortar-block gravity-stamp, 548 stamp battery, 553 Motor-driven pumps, 696 Mold press, 641 , Moimd for charring wood, 210 Moving liquids, 687 Muck, bituminous coal, 161 Muffle-furnaces, 385, 500 -roasting furnaces, 426 Mullen gas- washer, 867 M tiller coke-oven, 271 Murray smelter, bag-house, 855 Myjers, gas-washers, 869 Nacozari, water-gas at, 318 Nagle-Kaemp filter for fume, 857 Nahl classifier, 615 National Metallurgic Co., nodulizing plant, 632 Natural draft, 747 gas, 291 solid fuels, 151 Naysmith hammers, 676 Needle-structure of beehive coke, 242 Nehse recuperator, 801 Ndlson, hot-blast, 803 Nelson stove, 822 Neudori lead works, wet condensation, 863 Neutralization of CI and fICl in gases, 883 of S0| in gases, Sprague, 849 of SOi with lime, limestone, 880 of sulphurous gases, 877 New Jersey Zinc Co. bag-filter, 852 dust catcher, 835 Newton-Chambers oven, 245 mortar, 554 Nichols separator tank, 615 Niles-Bement-Pond Co. filter press, 722 Nitrates, 100 Nitrides, 79 Nobel vaporizer, 330 Nodulizing process, 631 Non-ferrous metallurgy, scope, i ores, briquetting, 634 Non-silicate slags, 463 Nordennsori gas producer, 309 Nose-helve, 675 O'Brien dust collector, 857 mechanical roasting furnace, 428 Occlusion of gases in metals, 20 Odor of metal, 4 Ohm*s law, 516 Oil as fuel, 288 coal and coke as heat fuel fuels, 338 city oil-bumer, 337 fields of the U. S., 285 for reverberatory smelting furnace, 492 -gas, 322 Oliver continuous suction filter, 744 904 INDEX Omaha, Brown-DeCamp zigzag filters for fumes, 849 suspended dust flue, 835 Open-mold press for peat, 193 Operating department of metallurgical plant, 889 hammers, 679 Optical pyrometers, 137 Ordinary charcoal, properties, 207 draft-gauge, 753 Ore, briquetting, 629 crushing of, 534 -feeder, stamp battery, 565 in general, 103 valuation of, 103 Organic matter in fire-clays, 347 Osmotic pressure, 525 Otto coke-oven, 265 -Hilgenstock coke-oven, 265 -Hoffmann coke-oven, 261 Oxide slags, 465 Oxides, 71 reducing smelting, 470 Oxidizing of metallic As-, Sb-, Se- and Te- ides, 408 roast of metallic sulphides, 403 smelting, 473 Oxygen required for perfect combustion, 106 Pachuca agitating tank, 717 Palmarejo agitator, 715 Pan vs tube mill, 577 Pans, 570 Poppet-valve, blowing engine, 779 Parker, bituminous coal, 161 on lignite, 160 Parkes mechanical roasting furnace, 424 Parr, bituminous coal, 165 classification of fuel, 1 74 Parral tank, 719 Parts of blowing engine, 778 of rolling mills, 665 Passes, rolls, 666 Patent fuel, 18^ Pearce mechanical roasting furnace, 424 Peat, 156 briquctting, 193 charcoal (coke), 225 Pebbles for ball mills, 597 Perfection dust collector, 857 Permissible sulphur in waste gas, 877 Perrin & Co. filter press, 724 frame press, 725 Pennsylvania R. R. oil-burner, 337 Percy, testing fuels, 161 Periodic system, 31 Pernolet oven, 245 Petroleum, 284 coke, 288 Phillips, on lignite, 159 Philadelphia Engineering Works gas pro- ducer, 302 Pholerite, 342 Phosphate slags, 464 Phosphates, 100 Phosphides, 80 Phosphorus in coal, 167 Phosphorus in coke, 236 m wood-ash, 154 Physical properties of coke, 232 Piat-Baumann crucible furnace, 498 Piat crucible furnace, 495 Pietzka recuperator, 800 Pink>ns, rolls, 669 Pintch gas, 322 Pipe oil-burner, 334 Pipe-stove, 803 calculation, 810 dust flue N. J. Zinc Co., 835 Piston, blowing engine, 778 Pitch as binder for fuel briquette, 191 coal, 161 Pitot tube, measurement of air, 789 Plant of Dell wick-Fleischer water-gas system, 321 the electrolytic, 530 Plants, behavior with sulphurous gases, 877 Plasticity of alloys, 62 of fire-clay, 351 of metal, 16 Plate- mill, three-high (Lauth), 660 two-high, reversing, two-stand, 650 Plates of Freudenberg, 845 Plunger-pumps, 692 Poetter coke-oven, 271 Pohl6 air-lift pump, 710 Point, critical, 46 Polymorphism, 58 Portland continuous suction-filter, 746 Potassium silicates, 439 Pot-roast, 411 Ponsard recuperator, 800 Power fan, volume and pressure of blast, 768 reauired for tube-null, 598 rolling mills, 664 stamp mill, 563 Precipitation in leaching, 509 Preheating air, 794 Press and plant, Chisholm, Boyd & White Co., 638 H. S. Mould Co., 641 Pressure and volume of blast, power of fan, 768 -filters, 731 Primary and secondary electric reactions, 529 Prime costs, 891 Producer for water-gas, 316 gas, 294 Products, metallurgical, 884 of by-product coke-oven, 278 from retort coking-oven, 248 Progress of coking in retort-oven, 246 Projector oil-burners, 337 Prop, gravity- stamp, 560 Propeller-fan, 765 Properties of alloys, 60 of fire-brick, 355, 361 of petroleum, 285 Prost, fusibility coal-ash, 165 Prott-Seelhoff pneumatic accumulator, 682 Pug-mill for making fire-brick mixture, 357, 358 Pulp, rolled and stamped, screen analysis, 567 INDEX 90s Pulverizer, Fuller-Lehigh, 610 Aero, 609 Pulverized fuel, 183 burning of, 328 Pump, reciprocating, 688 Pundiing, 680 Pulsometer, 707 Puppet hot-blast valve, 825 Purification of gases, 831 Pyroligneous acid, 206 Pyrometallurgical processes, 379 Pyrometer, Callender, electric resistance, 144 calorimctric, Siemens, 133 Cornu-LeChatclier, 140 Erhardt-Schertel, 128 expansion, 125 F6ry radiation mirror, 142 fusion, 127, 128 metallic salts, 128 Seger cones, 129 Hobson hot-blast, 135 Hohmann-Maurer, 125 Krupp, hot-blast, 135 LeChatelier, thermoelectric, 145 Mesur^-Nouel, 138 optical, scales of Howe, Pouillet, White- Taylor, 138 Siemens, electric resistance, 144 Uehling-Steinbart, 136 Wanner, 141 Wiborgh, 125 (thermophone), 143 Pyrometry, 124 Quartzite, 366 Quartcrnary alloys, $6 Quantity of electricity, 514 Quenching, 502 Quick revolving atomizing gas- washers, 871 Rabble-arm for mechanical straight line roasting furnace, 423 Radiation, loss of heat, 796, 797 pyrometers, 142 Rainey oven, 245 Randall, on lignite, 159 Rankin and Ludington wire-drawing machine, 686 Rational analysis of bituminous coal, 165 of fire-clay, 348 and ultimate analysis of fire clay, 349 Raw material for leaching, 504 Raymond four-roller mill, 585 impact pulverizer for fuel dust, 185 Reactions, electric, primary and secondary, 529 Rebounding hardness, 11 Recalescence, 57 Recuperator system, heat transmission, 800 Reciprocating pumps, 688 Recording galvanometers, 150 Rectangular stall for charring wood, 215 Red charcoal, 206 -shortness, 17 Reducing roast, 410 smelting, 470 Reduction of magnesia by carbon, 370 Reduction of metal, rolling, 671 of SOs to S in roasting gases, 881 Reed oil-burner, 335 Refractory materials, 341 heat conductivity, 363 thermal conductivity, 796 quotient of fire-clay, 347 Refrigeration, drying air by, 828 Regenerative and non-regenerative retort coke ovens, 283 Regenerator In blast furnace, 814 in reverberatory furnace, 811 -recuperator dust flue, Friedrich, 844 Regenerators as vaporizers of oil, 332 Reinforced cement, dust-flues, 842 Replacement iron-calcium — silicate consti- tuents by MnO, MgO, BaO, ZnO, AI2OS, 459 Repulsion of dust by hot plate, 834 Residual clays, 351 Resistance, electric, 514 of fire-clay to fluxes, 351 Retarding gas current, 844 Retort coke ovens, Appolt, 253 Bauer, 256 Copp6e-Otto, 257 Francois-Rexroth, 257 Koppers, 269 Otto, 265 -Hilgenstock, 265 -Hoffmann, 261 Schniewind or United Otto, 266 Semet-Solvay, 273 Simon-Carvis, 272 Smet-Otto (1906), 269 -BUttgenbach, 271 United Otto, (1906), 269 horizontal chambers, horizontal flues, 271 vertical flues, 257 vertical chambers, 253 Retort furnace, 500 Reverberatory furnace, 384 roasting, 419 smelting, 489 charge and process, 493 direct fired, 489 fired with fuel dust, oil, gas, 492 Reversible transformation, 57 Rhenania roasting furnace, 427 Richards shallow pocket classifier, 613 Richter condensation tower, 861 on lignite, 159 Roast, blast, 411 Ridgway suction-filter, 740 Rigid rolls, 542 Rittinger spitzkasten, 616 Roast, chloridizing, 414 oxidizing, 403 reducing, 410 sulphatizing, 406 Roasting apparatus in general, 415 furnaces with moving hearths, 424 with revolving cylinders, 425 in general, 403 kiln. 386 shaft furnace, 383 9c6 INDEX Roberts dust-catcher, 834 Rod-mill, two-high, non-reversing, two- stand, 648 Roentgen rays, bituminous coal, 165 Roesing wire-system, 846 Roitzheim, speed of gases in dust flues, 833 Roller mills, 578 Rolling, flow of metal, 647 of metal, 646 -mill engines, 670 parts, 665 power, 664 Rolls, 540 angle of nip, 543 belt-driven, 541 capacity, 543 dry-crushing, 540 vs gravity stamps, 568 Mannesmann, 647 passes, 666 rigid, 542 toothed, 542 Roof of reverberatory smelting furnace, 491 Roots blower, 771 Ropp mechanical roasting furnace, 424 Ross- Welter mechanical roasting furnace, 424 Rdssler converter, 882 Rotary blowers, 771 pumps, 699 valve, blowing engine, 700 Rothberg coke-oven, 276 Rothwell continuous system, 719 Rousseau crucible furnace, 496 Ruggles-Cole dryer for crushed coal, 185 Ruppert coke-oven, 271 Russell, repulsion of dust by hot plate, 834 Sabeck method of making rational analysis of fire-clay, 348 Sahlin gas-washer, 871 Sand pump, Frenier, 705 Savelsberg process, 411 Schafer, S in bituminous coal, 167 Schlickeysen briquetting machine, 193 Schiele-Brener centrifugal gas- washer, 872 Schmatolla recuperator, 800 Schmidthammer recuperator, 800 Schniewind coke-oven, 266 Schroder-Hanisch process, liquid sulphurous anhydride, 881 Schuetze montejus, 710 Schumacher process, original and new, 644 Schutte-Koerting montejus, 710 Schiitz series, 74 Schwarzkopf recuperator, 800 Scimatco pyrometer, 141 Scor a process, 645 Swindell water-seal steam-blast gas producer, 303 Scratch hardness, 9 Screen analysis, pulp from dififerent machines, 568 pan-ground pulp, 576 stamped and rolled pulp, 567 tube- mill products, 603, 604 sizes, 535 Screens, battery, 557 Scrubber plants for gas-washing, 861-864 Sedimentary clays, 351 S^er cones, 129 refractory quotient of fire-clay, 100 Selenates, 100 Selenides, 77 metallic, oxidizing roast, 408 Selenites, 100 Selby lead works, bag-house, 853 electric condensation of fume, 859 Selling of products, 890 Semet-Solvay coke-oven, 273 Sepulchre gas-washer, 869 Serpek process, 79 Shaft furnace, 382 furnace, roasting, 413 Shaking of filter bags, 855 Shape of blast furnace, 475 Shelby oil-burner, 337 Shoe, gravity stamp, 558 Shore scleroscope, 1 2 Shouldering, 680 Shrinkage of fire-clay, 352 of metal, 26 Shriver & Co. frame-press, 726 filter press, 724 Siemens, direct arc-heating furnace, 392 electric resistance pyrometer, 144 Siemens-Halske galvanometer, 149 Siemens regenerator system in blast-furnace, 814 in general, 811 in reverberatory furnace, 811 water-pyrometer, 133 Silica and siUca brick, 365 -sponge filter, 736 effect of, on fusibility of fire-clay, 343 Silicates, loi aluminum, 440 calcium, 441 -manganese, 443 -magnesium, 444 -aluminum, 447 iron, 454 -calcium, 455 -calcium, replacement of constituents by MnO, MgO, BaO, AUO,, 459 potassium and sodium, 439 Silicate slags, 433 Silicides, 91 Siloxicon, 377 Silundum, 378 Simmersbach, inorganic S in bituminous coal, 167 Simon-Carv^ coke-oven, 272 Simplex coke-oven, 276 Sinking fund, 887 Single-acting solid-plunger pump, 602 two-compartment solid plunger pump, 694 -frame Naysmith hammer, 676 horizontal blowing engine, 783 -stage high-pressure centrifugal pump, 703 -circuit, electric, 523 grate-bar, 324 Sinter, slag-roasting, 407 Siphons, 711 INDEX 907 Size and ash-content of anthracite, 180 Sjostcdt mechanical roasting furnace, 427 Slag, constitution of, 435 computation of silicate degree from chem- ical analysis, 434 for neutralizing SOs, 881 fusibility, 438 minerals, 436 Slags, color, 468 fluidity, 467 hardness, 468 heat of formation, latent heat of fusion, specific heat, 469 in general, 433 non-silicate, 463 oxide, 465 phosphate, 464 specific gravity, 468 texture, 468 waste, economic use, 469 Slide-valve, blowing engine, 781 Slime, character of, 506 Slip-bands, 16 lines, 16 Slow-moving fresh-contact gas-washers, 869 Small wood draft-gauge, 754 Smelter smoke, 831 Smelting apparatus in general, 474 electric, 519 in general, 432 operations, 486 oxidizing, 473 reducing, 470 Smet-BUttgenbach coke-oven, 271 Smoke, constructive details for handling, 858 smelter, 831 stack, Wislicenus, 878 Smythe continuous and self-cleaning gas producer, 304 SOi, formation and decomposition, 405 Sodium silicates, 439 Soft-mud machines for making brick, 358 Solid products, metallurgical, 884 Solis agitator, 716 Solubility in water, SOa, 880 Solution of metal by SOi in Rdssler converter 882 Somermeier, bituminous coal, 161 Solidus, 37 Solid fuels, apparatus for burning, 323 natural, 151. solution, 35 Solvents in leaching, 505 Solvay Process Co. briquetting plant, 204 Sonorousness of coke, 233 Sdrensen-Westby neutralization of SO2, 881 Sows, 885 Spearman-Kennedy burner, 823 Specific heat of alloys, 65 gravity of coke, 231 of metals, 28 of slags, 468 of metals, 27 of slags, 469 Speed of dry-crushing rolls, 543 in dust flue, gases, 833 Speise, 885 Spilsbury, silica-^x>nge filter, 736 Spitzkasten, Rittinger, 616 Spontaneous combustion of coal, 168 Sprague, neutralization of SOi in gases, 849 Spreading, in hammering, 680 Stability of chimney, 757 Stach draft-gauge, 754 Stall, 380 Stall-roast, 417 Stalls, coking in, 238 Stalls and retorts for charring wood com- pared, 225 Stamp battery, detail of work, 564 gravity, 559 Stamp-hammers, 675 Stamp-mill, horse power, 563 Stamps, 548 Starting siphons from one central place, 712 Stassano indirect arc-heating furnace, 392 Steam, admission with blast, 762 blower, the Eynon-Evans, 301 effect in oxidizing roast, 407 elevator, 706 siphon, 706 stamps, 569 water-lifters, 706 Stedman disintegrator, 198-605 Steel chimney by Laughlin, 761 Steeple blowing engine, 786 Stem, gravity stamp, 559 Steitz siphon, 711 Step-grate, 327 Stetefeldt automatic roasting furnace, 426 Stevenson- Evans stove, 822 Stiff-mud machine for making brick, 359 Stolzenberg, on lignite, 161 Stove, air- valve, 823 burners, 822 checker brick, 822 Cowper-Kennedy, central combustion chamber, 820 gate cold-blast valve, 824 Gordon three-pass, 816 Hugh Kennedy one-pass, 817 Massick and Crooke, 819, 820 puppet hot-blast valve, 825 Whitwell, 81S examples, 822 Strength of alloys, 61 of coke, 233 of current, 513 of metal, 4 Structure of aIlo3rs, 61 of coke, 229 of metal, 7 of retort-oven coke, 247 Struthers, 138 calorific power, 112 Stuffing-box, blast-pipe, 793 Stupakoff-LeChatelier pyrometer; 146 Sturtevant apparatus for burning fuel dust, 187, 188 fan-blowers, 769 impeller blower, 774 Stjrrian magnesite, 370 Sublimating, 502 9o8 INDEX Sublimed lead paint, 853 Submerged centrifugal pump, 701 Suction filters, 735 vertical centrifugal pump, 702 Sulphatizing roast, 406 Sulphur dioxide, solubility in water, 880 Sulphurous gases, neutralization, utilization, 877 Sulphur in coal, 167 Sulphides, 74 oxidizing roast, 403 reducing smelting, 472 Sulphites, 99 Sulphates, 96 Sulzer single-stage high-pressure centrifugal pump, 703 Surfusion, 23 Sulphur in coke, 236 Sulphuric acid from roaster gases, 88 1 Surplus gas in by-product retort coke-oven, 248-252 Suspension of filter-bags, Benedict, 855 Sweating stage in charring, 212 Sweetland filter-press, 728 Swing-hammer Jeffrey, 607 Table, concentrating, Darrow-Hambric, 628 Wilfley, 624 canvas, 626 Tank, Callow, 616 Pachuca, 717 Parral, 719 Tappet, gravity stamp, 559 Tarnowitz, cooling-pipes in dust-floor, 835 Taylor gas-producer, 305 Instrument Co. Ultimate and rational analyses of fire clay , 349 Under-cooling, 23 Union Iron Works, double-issue mortar. 556 single-issue lined mortar, 555 United-Otto coke oven, 266-269 United States, coal-fields, 182 Universal mill, two-high, 663 rolls, 648 Up-draft blast-roasting apparatus, 429 Upsetting, 680 U. S., Smelling and Refining and Mining Co., baghouse at Midvale. 855 Utilization of CI and HCl in gases, ^?i^ of sulphurous gases, 877 Valve, air, in stove, 823 blowing-engine, 779 gate, cold-blast, 824 hot-blast, 823 puppet, hot-blast, 825 Vanner, Frue, 619 Vaporizers for liquid fuel, 330 INDEX 909 Vats, grouping of, 528 Vertical blowing-engines, 785 -horizontal blowing-engines, 787 and horizontal flues in retort coking- ovens, 283 pug-mill for making fire-brick in mixture, 357 vs. 