None
Acceleration, definition of, 6 of spin, 16 Accommodation of the eye, 382 Achromatic lens, the, 406, 428 Achromatization of focal length or achromatization of magnification, 408 of focal plane, 407 Action and reaction, 1 1 Active and inactive forces, 60 Addition of forces, 27 Adhesion and cohesion, 82 Air columns, vibration of, 497-511 thermometer, the, in Alternating-current transformer, 266 Alternator, the, 262 the single-phase, 264 the three-phase, 264 the two-phase, 264 Ammeter, the direct-current, 201 multiplying shunt, 249 Ampere, definition of, 210 the international standard, 216 Archimedes' principle, 79 Armature windings, ring and drum, Arrester, the lightning, 284 Anastigmatic lens, the, 398 Anode, definition of, 215 Aperture, numerical, of a lens, 394 Aplanatic lens, 401 Aplanatism, definition of, 401 Apochromatic microscope object glass, the, 417 Astigmatic pencil of rays, 357 Astigmatism of the eye, 400 of a lens, 398 Atomic theory and mechanical theory, 322 and thermodynamics, 119-121 of electricity. 322 of gases, 325 Attraction, electrostatic, 286 Audion, the, 340 Back electromotive force in motor armature, 252 Balanced and unbalanced forces, 7 torques, 17 Ballistic galvanometer, the, 288 Barometer, the, 77 Base ball curves, 98 Battery, electric, or voltaic cell, 216 polarization of, 242 Beats and combination tones, 526 Bells, vibration of, 518 Bernoulli's principle, 95 Bipolar dynamos and multipolar dy- namos, 208 Blow-out, the magnetic, 202 Boiling points and melting points, 132 Bourdon gauge, the, 79 Boyle's law, 109 Bright-line spectra, 425 Brownian motion, the, 124 Bunsen photometer, 468 Buoyant force, 79 Calculus, 593 Calorimeter, the water, 127 Canal rays and cathode rays, 334 Candle-power, definition of, 463 Candle, the British standard, 462 Capacity, electrostatic, definition of, 290 Capillary attraction, 82 Carcel lamp, the, 462 Carrying capacities of wires, 229 Cathode, definition of, 215 rays and canal rays, 334 Caustic surface, definition of, 365 Center of mass, 14 Centrifugal drier, the, 43 c.g.s. system of units, 26 Chemical effect of the electric current, 214 Charge, electric (see electric charge). Charging by influence, 314 Chladni's figures, 517 Choke coil, 279 Choking effect of inductance, 279 Chromatic aberration of a lens, 405 Circular motion, 38 Cohesion and adhesion, 82 Color, 475 598 INDEX 599 Color blindness or di-chroic vision, 481 contrasts, 481 mixing, 477 sensation and brightness sensation, 475 the Young-Helmholtz theory of, 479 Colors, complementary, 479 of thin plates and films, 432 Coma, definition of, 397 description of, 400 Combination tones, 526 Combined resistance of parallel branch- es, 250 Compass, the magnetic, 186 Complementary colors, 479 Components of a force, 29 Compound dynamo, the, 259 microscope, 386 Condenser, capacity of, 289 the electric, 282 Conduction of heat, 131 Conductivity, thermal, definition of, 131 Conductors and insulators, electric, 184 Conjugate points of lenses, 374 Connections in parallel, 248 in series, 247 Constant and variable quantities, 31 Continuous and discontinuous variables, 37 spectra, 425 Coolidge tube, the, 338 Corona discharge, the, 319 Cottrell process for precipitating dust and smoke, 319 Coulomb, definition of the, 287 Counter electromotive force (see back electromotive force). Critical states, 145 Crookes tube, the, 332 Current carrying capacities of wires, 229 division of in parallel branches, 248 strength magnetically defined, 209 Curvature of field of lens, 404 Curve, the easement, 42 Cycle, definition of, 265 Dalton's law, 145 Damping, 518 Dark-line spectra, 426 Daniell cell, the, 222 D'Arsonval galvanometer, the, 201 Density and heaviness, 3 and specific gravity, 81 Dew point, definition of, 146 Dichroic vision or color blindness, 481 Dielectric strength, 297 Differential calculus, 593 Diffraction and interference of light, 431 grating, the, 437~44i of light, 436 definition of, 356 Diopter, definition of the, 383 Direct-current ammeter, the, 201 Direct-vision spectroscope, 427 Discharge rate of a stream, 91 Discontinuous and continuous variables, 37 Dispersion and spectrum analysis, 419 Dissipation of energy, 123 Distortion of image by lens, 402 Double refraction, 446 and polarization, 442 Huygens' theory of, 449 Doubler, the electric, 315 Drier, the centrifugal, 43 Drum and ring armature windings, 209 Dry cell, the, 221 Dynamics, 5 Dynamo, the alternating-current (see alternator). the compound, 259 the direct-current, 203, 207 fundamental equation of the direct- current, 253 the series, 259 the shunt, 257 Dynamos, bipolar and multipolar, 208 Dyne, the, definition of, 9 Dystectic points, 142 Ear, the, 524 Easement curve, the, 42 Eddy currents, 274 Efflux of a liquid from an orifice, 94 Electrical screening, 310 Electric battery or voltaic cell, 216 charge, idea of, 283 current strength magnetically de- nned, 209 chemical effect of, 214 heating effect of, 229 doubler, 315 field, intensity of, 306 the, 304 motor, the direct-current, 203 Electrochemical equivalent, definition of, 224 Electrodes, definition of, 214 Electrolyte, definition of, 214 Electrolytic cell, definition of, 214 Electrolysis, 214 the laws of, 225 Electromagnet, the, 181 Electro-mechanics and electro-atomics, 322 6oo INDEX Electrometer (see electrostatic volt- meter), 286 Electroplating, 182 Electromotive force, induced, 265 definition of, 239 drop in generator or along a line, 245 Electron theory, the, 322 Electrons and ions, 328 Electroscope, the gold-leaf, 316 the pith-ball, 309 Electrostatic attraction, 286 voltmeter, 286 Endothermic reactions, 130 Energy, definition of, 65 the conservation of, 68 the dissipation of, 123 Engine, the steam, 163-169 Entropy, general expression for change of during a reversible process, 172 of an ideal gas, 171 law of, 153-161 of a substance, 169, 171, 172 Erg, definition of the, 62 Eutectic points and euteclectic mix- tures, 142 Exothermic reactions, 130 Expansion, coefficients of, 117 free and constrained, 169 thermal, of gases, 109 of solids and liquids, 116 Eye, the, 381 accommodation of, 382 imperfections of, 383 Eye-pieces, examples of, 412-413 Falling bodies, 23 Faraday's "ice pail experiment" (see Art. 219). Field angle of a lens, 395 curvature of a lens, 404 glass, the, 389 First law of thermodynamics, 124 Flame, the sensitive, 88 Flow, lamellar, 87 permanent and varying, 86 simple, 86 Fluoroscope, the, 337 Flux, magnetic, definition of, 194 Focal points and focal lengths of lenses, 373 Foot-candle, definition of, 465 Foot-" pound, " definition of the, 62 Force addition, 27 and its effects, 5 components of, 29 parallelogram, the, 27 resolution of, 29 units of, 9 Forced vibrations and resonance, 518 Forces, active and inactive, 60 balanced and unbalanced, 7 Foucault currents (see eddy currents). Fourier's theorem, 492 f.p.s. system of units, 26 Fraunhofer's lines, 426 Free vibrations, 494 Frequencies, standard, 265 Frequency, definition of, 265 Friction, coefficient of sliding, 59 of fluids in pipes and channels, 102 Fusion, latent heat of, 144 Galvanometer, the ballistic, 288 the D'Arsonval, 201 the moving coil, 201 the needle, 196 the tangent, 212 Gas engine ignition, 280 Gay Lussac's law, 109 Gee-pound, definition of, n Geissler tube, the, 332 Generator, the direct-current, 203, 208 Glare, 473 elimination of, 474 Gold-leaf electroscope, 316 Gradient, definition of, 35 example of, 36 Grating, the diffraction, 437-441 Gyro-compass, the, 51 Gyroscope, the, 46-50 uses of, 50 Harmonic motion, 53 Heat and light, 460 conductivity, definition of, 131 measurement of, 126 of combustion, 129 of reaction, 129 specific, definition of, 128 Heating effect of the electric current, 229 Heaviness and density, 3 Hefner lamp, the, 462 Henry, definition of the, 278 Hertz oscillator, the, 303 Holmgren test for color blindness, 483 Homocentric pencil of rays, 356 Hooke's law and simple harmonic motion, 53 Horse-power, definition of the, 63 Horse-power-hour, definition of the, 64 Humidity, absolute, definition of, 146 relative, definition of, 147 Huygens eye-piece, the, 412 Huygens' construction, 355 principle, 355 application of, 359 INDEX 6oi Hydraulic ram, the, 87 Hydraulics, 85 Hydrostatic pressure, 71 Hydrostatics, 71 Hygrometry, 146 Ignition, jump spark, 280 wipe spark, 280 Illumination of a room, 471 and photometry, 460 Image distortion, 402 formation by lenses, geometry of, 375 of an object, 363 Index of refraction, 359 Induced electromotive force, 252-257, 265 Inductance, choking effect of, 279 definition of, 278 of a circuit, discussion of, 276 Induction coil, the, 269 Inductivity, definition of, 292 Inertia, discussion of, 20 spin, of a disk, 594 Influence, charging by, 314 machine, the, 317 Infra-red rays, 420 Integral calculus, 594 International standard ampere, 216 Insulators and conductors, electric, 184 Interference and diffraction of light, 431 Interferometer, Michelson's, 434 Invar alloy, 118 lonization by the electric field, 330 Ions and electrons, 328 Jet pump, the, 97 Joule, definition of the, 62 Joule's law, 232 Kelvin temperatures, 113, 115, 160, 166 Kenetron, the, 340 Kilowatt, definition of, 63 Kilowatt-hour, definition of the, 64 Kinetic energy, definition of, 66 theory of gases, 325 Lamination and eddy currents, 274 Lamps,. homogeneous and non-homogene- ous, 419 monochromatic and polychromatic (see light, homogeneous and non- homogeneous). units, 463 velocity of, 351 wave theory of, 350 Lightning arrester, the, 284 Liquid air machine, the, 171 Local action and voltaic action, 218 Locomotive on curve, 41 Loudness of tones, 488 Lumen, definition of, 464 Lux, definition of, 465 Magnetic blow-out, the, 202 field, intensity of, 191 the, 190 flux, definition of, 194 Magnet pole, unit of, 188 poles of, 187 attraction and repulsion of, 189 Magnifying glass, the, 384 power of microscope, definition of, 384 Manometers, 78 Mass and weight, 3 center of, 14 definition of, 4 Maxwell, definition of the, 194 Measures and units of quantity, 24 Mechanical theory and atomic theory, 322 Melting points and boiling points, 132 Mercury-in-glass thermometer, the, 113 Michelson's interferometer, 434 Microscope, magnifying power of. the idea of, 231 Resistivity, definition of, 234 Resolution of forces, 29 Resonance, 518 Resonator, the, 520 Rheostat, the, 233 Ring and drum armature windings, 209 Rods, vibration of, 515 Roentgen rays or X-rays, 337 Rotary converter, the, 269 Rotational and irrotational fluid mo- tion, 90 Rotatory motion, 13 Saccharimeter, the, 458 Scalar and vector quantity, 26 Screening, electrical, 310 Second law of Thermodynamics, 153- 161 Sensation and stimulus, 347 INDEX 603 Sensory nerves, 347 Sensitive flame, the, 88 Series connections, 247 dynamo, the, 259 Ship suction, 98 Shunt, definition of, 248 Shunt dynamo, the, 257 Simple harmonic motion, 53 microscope, the, 384 voltaic cell, the, 217 Slug, definition of, n Snell's law of refraction, 367 Sound and light, transmission of, 349 definitions of, 348 theory of, 485 velocity of, 350 Spark at break and water hammer, 281 gauge, the, 298 Specific gravity and density, 81 definition of, 529 heat, definition of, 128 resistance (see resistivity). Spectra, bright-line, 425 continuous, 425 dark-line, 426 Spectrometer, the, 426 Spectroscope, the, 421-425 the direct- vision, 427 the grating, 439 Spectrum analysis and dispersion, 419 Spherical aberration, oblique (see astig- matism and coma). of a lens, 396 axial, 397 -candle, definition of, 463 hefner, definition of, 463 mirror, 363-364 Spin acceleration, 16 Spin-inertia, definition of, 21 Spin-inertia, explanation of, 20 of a disk, 594 table of values of, 22 Spin-velocity, 15 Spit-ball, the, 89 Spy-glass, the, 388 Standard lamps, 462 Standing wave trains, 501 Starting rheostat, the motor, 260 Steam engine, the, 163-169 Steel, hardening and tempering of, 151 recalescence of, 149 Step-up transformation, 266 Step-down transformation, 266 Stigmatic lens, the, 398 Stigmatic pencil of rays, 356 Storage cell or battery, the, 223 Stream lines, 86 Strings, vibration of, 494-509 Surface tension of liquids, 82 Superheating and undercooling of liquids, 136 Supersaturation of solutions, 136 Systems of units, 26 Tangent galvanometer, the, 212 Telegraphy, wireless, 303 Telephone receiver, the, 273 repeater or amplifier, 340 set, the, 273 the, 271 transmitter, the, 272 Telescope object glasses, examples of, 410-411 the, 387-391 Temperature, absolute (see Keivin temperature). and thermal equilibrium, 107 Temperatures, Kelvin, 113, 115, 160, 166 Thermal equilibrium and temperature, 107 Thermions, electrons from hot metal, 337 Thermodynamic degeneration, discus- sion of, 155 Thermodynamics and the atomic the- ory, 119-121 first law of, 124 second law of, 153-161 Thermometer, the air, in the mercury-in-glass, 113 Timbre or quality of tones, 489 Time constant of a circuit, definition of, 576 Toepler-Holtz machine, the, 317 Tone quality, 489 Tones and noises, 487 Torricelli's theorem, 94 Torque, definition of, 16 Torques, balanced and unbalanced, 17 Total reflection, 368 Tourmaline crystals, action of, on light, 443 Transformation, step-down and step-up, 266 Transformer, the alternating current, 266 Translatory motion, 13 Transmitter, the telephone, 272 Tuning fork, the, 516 Ultra-violet rays, 420 Undercooling and superheating of liquids, 136 Uniformly accelerated motion, 23 Units and measures of quantity, 24 of force, dynamic, 9 systems of, 26 604 INDEX Vacuum-tube rectifier, 340 Vapor pressures and temperatures, 133 Vaporization, latent heat of, 144 Variable and constant quantities, 31 Variables, continuous and discontinu- ous, 37 Vector addition, 27 and scalar quantity, 26 Velocity, constant and variable, 6 of spin, 15 variation of, 37 Vibration of rods, 515 of plates, 516 Vibrations, forced, 518 free, 494 Visual angle, the, 383 Volt, definition of, 243 Voltage drop in generator or along a line, 245 Voltaic action and local action, 218 cell or electric battery, 216 cells, types of, 220—223 Voltmeter, electrostatic, 286 multiplying coil, the, 247 the, 244 Vortex sheet, the, 88 Vowel sounds, 521 Water calorimeter, the, 127 hammer and spark at break, 281 vapor, pressures and temperatures of, 134 Watt, definition of the, 63 Watt-hour, definition of the, 64 Wave-front, definition of. 353 Wave-length, definition of, 353 Wave pulses and wave trains, 353 theory of light and sound, 350 Wave-trains, advancing, 502 standing, 501 Weight and mass, 3 Wide-angle lens, the, 408 Wireless telegraphy, 303 Wires, current carrying capacities of, 229 Work, definition of, 60 units of, 62 X-rays or Roentgen rays, 337 • University of Toronto Library Acme Library Card Pocket LOWE-MARTIN CO. LIMITED. 