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IH- i ^^^,j;^j^r^_>3':?='2>^^ THE NATIONAL MEDICAL DICTIONARY: INCLUDING ENGLISH, FRExNCH, GERMAN, ITALIAN, AND LATIN TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN MEDICINE AND THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES, AND A SERIES OF TABLES OF USEFUL DATA. BY JOHN S. BILLINGS, A.M., M.D., LL.D.. Edin. and Han ., D.C.L. Oxon., MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, SURGEON U.S.A., ETC., ETC. WITH THE COLLABORATION OF W. O. ATWATBR, M.D., FRANK BAKER, M. D., S. M. BURNETT, M. D., W. T. COUNCILMAN, M. D., JAMES M. FLINT, M. D., J, A. KIDDER, M. D., WILLIAM LEE, M. D., R. LORINI, M. D., WASHINGTON MATTHEWS, M. D., C. S. MINOT, M. D., H. C. YARROW, M. D. "Vol. 1. — A. TO J. PHILADELPHIA: LEA BROTHERS & CO. 1890. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1889, by LEA BROTHERS & CO., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. All rights reserved. v.l Westcott & Thomson, William J. Dornan, Slereotypers and Eleclrotypers, Philada. Printer, Philada. PREFACE. The object of this Dictionary is to furnish to students and practitioners of med- icine a clear, concise definition of every medical term in current use in English, French, German, and Italian medical literature, including the Latin medical termin- ology of all of these languages. For the more important words in English and Latin the synonyms in French, German, and Italian are given when these differ from the prime word. For English and Latin terms the pronunciation is indicated by an accented syllable, and for those English words thought to require it by a simple system of phonetic spelling. For most English and Anglicised Latin words, with the exception of names of drugs and plants, the derivation is given. Of the collaborators named in the title page. Dr. Frank Baker, Professor of Anatomy in the University of Georgetown, D. C, has furnished terms relating to anatomy ; Dr. S. M. Burnett, terms relating to ophthalmology and otology ; Dr. W. T. Councilman, adjunct Professor of Anatomy in the Johns Hopkins University of Baltimore, terms relating to pathology and nomenclature of disease ; Dr. J. M. Flint, Surgeon L^. S. Navy, terms relating to materia medica ; Professor Joseph Jastrow, of the University of Wisconsin, terms relating to psychophysics ; Dr. J. H. Kidder, of the Smithsonian Institution, terms relating to medical chemistry, physics, and jurisprudence; Dr. William Lee, Professor of Physiology in Colum- bian University, Washington, terms relating to physiology ; Dr. W. Matthews, Assistant Surgeon U. S. Army, terms relating to surgery ; Dr. C. S. Minot, of Boston, terms relating to embryology ; and Dr. H. C. Yarrow, of Washington, terms relating to dermatology, gynaecology, and obstetrics. I am also indebted to Mr. E. C. Sanford, of the Johns Hopkins University, for some terms in physiological optics. Dr. R. Lorini, of Washington, has given much assistance in preparing the work for the press, and I am indebted to Dr. Baker, Dr. Flint, and Mr. C. J. Myers for most valuable aid in proof-reading. After the principal terms in recent text- books, monographs, and periodicals had been sent in, they Avere checked in the dictionaries of Kraus, Mayne, Power and Sedgwick, Robin, Gruenberg, and Buon- santi and Pini, with a few modern dictionaries of pharmacy and veterinary medicine, and additional terms were selected from these sources ; to all of which I desire to acknowledge obligations. The first volume of Dr. Foster's Dictionary, unfortunately, did not come to hand until it was too late to make much use of it ; but I am, never- theless, indebted to it for a few words which had not previously been obtained. For characteristics of American mineral springs I am specially indebted to Dr. Albert C. vi PREFACE. Peale's " Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States," published by the U. S. Geological Survey in 1886. A certain number of Latin terms have been admitted which are now so rarely used that they may be called obsolete, but which are liable from time to time to be employed. A few have also been taken as examples of what attempts at useless word-building may lead to. The total number of words and phrases defined is 84,844, of which 25,496 are Latin, 9158 French, 16,708 German, and 6514 Italian. This does not include French, German, and Italian synonyms given only in connection with English or Latin primes. Prefixed to the first volume will be found a series of tables which it is believed will be found to be convenient for reference and useful to the practising physician. Much of the information contained in these tables can only be found in large libra- ries, and the whole embody the result of extensive research among the best authori- ties. They include a table of doses ; of antidotes in the most common forms of poisoning ; of the inch and metre system of numbering spectacle-glasses ; of ther- mometric scales ; of the average dimensions of the foetus at diflFerent ages, which v.ill be found valuable in many doubtful cases, and especially in cases of abortion involving questions of medical jurisprudence ; tables showing the average dimensions of the parts and organs of the adult human body and of the weights of organs of the human body, which will be found extremely useful for reference in making post- mortem examinations, especially where these involve questions of medical juris- prudence. There are also given a series of tables, prepared by Professor W. 0. Atwater, showing the percentages of nutritive ingredients in a large number of different food- materials : the proportions that are actually digestible, the potential energy (fuel- values), standards for dietaries for different classes and occupations, dietaries for cor- pulence, actual dietaries in different circumstances of life, and comparison of these with standards. These tables are not simply compilations, but contain the results of a considerable amount of new experimental study. They will be found espe- cially interesting and valuable by American physicians, since they are based upon studies of American as well as European foods and dietaries. Attention is also invited to the table showing the expectation of life as derived from the records of American life-insurance companies and as obtained from the records of the last Census for the States of Massachusetts and New Jersey and some of the principal cities in the country. Lastly, it should be noted that errors of commission and of omission in this work are to be charged to the Editor-in-chief, seeing that he has added, changed, and struck out freely in the manuscript and in the proofs ; and he will be greatly obliged to those who will point out to him the various mistakes they discover. JOHX S. BILLINGS. Washington, D. C. TABLES. I.— TABLE OF DOSES. Ix the compnrison of apothecaries' weights and measures with the metric system for the j)iirposes of prescription and administration of medicines, it has been agreed that the minim and grain, and tlie apothecaries' weights and measures generally, shall be regarded as equiv- alent, so that — One minim or grain (IT\j — gr. j) = 0.06 grammes. One fluiddraclim or drachm (ioj — 5j) = 4 grammes. One aiiidounce or ounce (fSj— 3j) = ?''2 grammes. The cubic centimetre and gramme are also regarded as equivalent in prescribing. When an exceptionally light or heavy liquid is or- dered (e. f). ether or glycerin), the proper allow- ance should be made. In general, when prescribing, the drop may be regarded as a minim = 0.06 grammes ; the tea- spoonful as 5 grammes ; the tablespoonful as 20 grammes ; 20 teaspoonfuls or 5 tablespoonfuls as 100 grammes; 50 teaspoonfuls or 12j ta"blespoon- fuls as 250 grammes. It is safe to regard a troy-ounce as 30 grammes, and 8 liuidounces as 250 grammes. The doses stated in the table which follows are those which may be prescribed for an adult. When the range of dose is very wide (e. g. bro- mide of potassium gr. v— 3J) a reasonable mean is given. Instances of particular danger are noted by an ! ; drugs so marked should on no account be ordered in larger quantities than those stated by the table. In prescribing for persons enfeebled by disease or loss of blood the physician should consider the possibility of danger from doses ordinarily harmless, ^'o authority of a printed table can protect from the consequences of ordering, for instance, twenty drops of laudanum for a patient in the later stages of typhoid fever, or compound cathartic pills for a patient far gone with dysen- tery. in prescribing for children it is customary to follow Dr. Young's rule, which is safe for most cases ; that is, for children under twelve years old the dose should be diminished in the pro- portion of the age, divided by the age plus 12. Thus, for a child of five the dose of most medicines would be expressed by the fraction -—-, or about one-third of the adult dose. 5 + 12 17' It is scarcely safe, however, to give the full dose indicated by this rule when o|)iates or depres- sants are to be ordered for children, who, on the other hand, usually bear purgatives in much larger proportion than tlie rule would direct. DOSES OF MEDICINES. d;-. = drachm ; /?. = fluid; 9)-. = grain; gm. = grannme ; »/in(. = minim ; 02. = ounce; .sc. =scruple. Remedy. Acetal Acetone Acetophenone. See Hypnone . .. Acetphenetidin Acetum oi)ii scillfp Acid, acetic, diluted " arsenious "_ solution of (U.S. P.) " benzoic " boric " carbolic (crystallized) . . .. " citric '■ gallic " hydriodic, dilute " hydrobromic, diluted . . .. " hvdrochloric DOSK. Apothecaries' i Weights and Measures 2- 5 3 5 10 1 JL 3 n' 2- 5- 5- 1 ■?" 5 2- -3 dr. -10 min. -15 gr. -10 inin. -30 min. -2 fl. dr. -tV .ffr- -8 min. -15 gr. -10 gr. -1 gr. -20 gr. -15 sr. ifl.dr. -2 «. dr. 5 min. Metric System. 8-1 2 gm. 0.3-0.6 gm. 0.2 0.3- 0.6- 4- 0.002- 0.12- 0.30- 0.3- 0.01- 0.3- 0.2- 2. 2 0.12- 1.0 gm. -0.6 gm. -1.8 gm. -8 gm. -0.004 gm. 0.5 gm. -1 gm. -06 am. -0.06 gm. -1.25 gm. -1.0 gm. 0 gm. -8 gm. -0.3 gm. Vlll TABLE OF DOSES. Remedy. Acid Iiydrochloric, diluted '■ hydrocyanic, diluted lactic nitric " diluted ■' nitrohydroc-hloric " nitromuriatic " phosphoric, diluted " " glacial " polygalic " salicylic " sulphuric (properly diluted) " " aromatic. diluted " sulphurous " tannic " tartaric Aconite, abstract ot' " leaves, tincture of (not official) . . .. " root, extract of " " fluid extract of " " tincture of .. Aconitine (always unsafe internally)! Adonidin! Adonis vernalis (infusion =4 parts to 100 ,i .. ^sculin ^ther, etc. See Ether, etc. JEthoxy-caffein. See Ethuiycaffein. Agaricin. (In pill with Dover's powder)! . .. Ailanthus glandulosa, bark of " " fluid extract (not official) " oleo-resin Aletris, fluid extract of Aloes " extract of " tincture of Aloes and myrrh, tincture of Aloin Dose. .\pothecaries' Weights and Measures. 6-25 min. 2-5 min. 1-3 dr. 2-5 min. 6-25 min. 2-5 min. 2-5 min. 6-25 min. 1-2 min. i-1 ''r 5-15 gr. "2-5 min. 5-80 min. 5-25 min. i-1 fl. dr. 2-10 gr. 10-30 gr. *-l gr. 10-20 min. 1-1 o-r ^I min. 1-3 min. 1 _ 1 TOTJ 300 s tV gr- 5-7 gr. gi". 15 gr. 1 T5- 30 sr. Alumen " (as emetic) Amber, oil of Ammonia, aromatic spirit of. " liquor of acetate of " spirit of " water of . ... Ammoniacum Ammonium, benzoate .... " bromide . .. " carbonate . .. '' chloride . .. iodide .... " phosphate . .. " valerianate .. Amyl nitrite " by inhalation Anethum, oil of Angnstura-bark. See Cuspariu Aniline campiiorate Anthemis Anthrarobin (external use only) 10 jiarts to 30 olive oil and 60 lanolin to make an oint- ment, or 10 parts to 90 of alcohol to make a wash. Antifebrin (Acetanelid) Antimonial powder Antimony and potassa, tartrate of, as diaphoretic '■ as emetic o 10-30 gr. 2-10 gr. 15-30 min. 2-6 gr. 2-6 gr. 1-2 fl. dr. 1-2 fl. dr. 1-3 gr. 5-10 gr. 30 gr.-l dr. 5-15 min. 30 min.-l fl. dr. 10-20 min. 5—15 min. 2-6 fl. dr. 10-30 gr. 10-20 gr. i-2 dr. 3-10 gr. 5-10 gr. 3-5 gr. 10-40 gr. 2-S gr. 2-3 min. 3-5 min. 3-10 min. sr. 3-4 i-1 dr. 3-15 gr. 1-3 gr. Metric Svsteiu. 0.35-1.5 gm. 0.1-0.3 gm. 4-12 gm. 0.12-0.3 gm. 0.35-1.5 gm. 0.12-0.3 gm. 0.12-0.3 gm. 0.35-1.5 gm. 0.05-0.10 gm. 0.015-0.06 gm. 0.3-1 gm. 0.12-0.3 -„,. 0.30-2.0 gm. 0.3-1.5 gm. 2-4 gm. 0.12-0.(3 gm. 0.6-2 gill. 0.03-0.06 gm. 0.6-1.2 sm. 0.01-0.016 gm. 0.03-0.06 gm. 0.06-0.18 gm. 0.00015-0.0002 gm. 0.005 gm. " 0.30-0.50 gm. 1.0 gm. 0.005 0.3 0.6 0.12 1.0 0.1 0.1 4 4 0.06 0.3 o. 0.3 -0.01 gm. 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6- o. 0.18- 0.3- 0.18- 0.6- 0.12- 0.12- 0.18- 0.18- i-2.0 gm. i-l.S gm. ;-0.6 gm. -2.0 gm. -0.35 gm. -0.35 gm. -8gm. -8gm. -0.18 gm. -0.6 gm. -4 gm. -1.0 gm. -4 gm. -25 gm. -1.2 gm. -1.0 gm. -2gm. -1.2 gm. -8gm. -0.6 gm. -0.6 gm. -0.3 gm. -2.4 gm. -0.48 gm. -0.18 gm. -0.3 gm. -0.6 gm. 1 gr. 0.2-0.25 gm. 2-4 gm. 0.20-1.0 gm. 0.06-0.18 gm. 0.004 gm. 0.03 gm. TABLE OF DOSES. IX Remedy. Antimony, sulphurated " wine of .. Antipyrin Apiol Apocynuni Aponiorpliine, liydrochlorate (hypoderniatically only)! .. Arbutin Argentum and compounds. See Silver. Arseniate of sodium, liquor of Arsenic. See Acid,arsenious. Arsenic iodide! " and iodide of mercury, liquor of (Donovan's solution ) Ai"senite of potassa, liquor of (Fowler's solution) Asafetida " mixture of " tincture Aspidium. See Male fern. " oleo-resin of. See Male Jem. Atropine, sulphate of (hypodermatically)l Baptisine Bebeerine sulphate Belladonna, alcoholic extract of " leaves, tincture of " root, fluid extract of Benzoin, compound tincture of Benzol in capsules Bismuth and ammonia, citrate of '' citrate " salicylate " ' subcarbonate " subnitrate .... " valerianate Bistort, powdered root of " tincture of (not official) Black alder. See Prinos. Black draught. See Senna, compound infusion of. Black drop. .See Acetum opii. Black hellebore, extract of ' fluid extract of Boldo, oil of " tincture of Brayera, fluid extract of " infusion of Bromal Br'^*"*^^ ' Dose. Apothecaries' Weights and Measures. Jrucia; Buchu, fluid extract of .... Buckthorn, elixir of " fluid extract of .. Cactus grandiflora, fluid extract of Caffein " citrate of Cahinca or Cainca, bark of . .. " extract of .. Cajeput, oil of Calcium, benzoate of " bromide of " hypophosphite of '' iodide of " phosphate of " sulphide of " syrup of the lactophosphate of Calomel. See Mercunj, mild chloride of. Calotropis gigantea, bark (Mudar-bark) Camphor " bromide " monobromated 1-2 gr. 10 min.-l fl. dr. 7-15 gr. 2-5 gr. 15-30 gr. 1-10 gr. 3-5 min. , 5-10 min. 2-0 min. 5-20 gr. i-1 fl. oz. 30 min.-l fl. dr. 1 - 1 err 2-5 gr. 2-5 gr. i-i gr. 10-20 min. 1-2 min. 30 min.-l fl. dr. 5-10 min. 1-3 gr. 3-15 gr. 10-20 gr. 5-20 gr. 5-20 gr. 1-3 gr. 20 gr. 1 fl. dr. i-3gr.. 5-15 min. 5 min. 8 min. i-1 fl. oz. 8oz. 3gr. sVt 5 gr- i-1 fl. dr. Dessertspoon f u 1. 15-30 min. 5-10 min. 3-5 gr. 3-5 gr. 20-40 gr. 10-20 gr. 5-20 min. 10 gr. 10-20 gr. 10-30 gr. 1-3 gr. 15-30 gr. V-sr- 2- ^4gr- 2-4 fl. dr. 5gr. 2-10 gr. 2-5 gr. 3-5 gr. Metric STsteni. 0.06-0.12 gm 0.6-4 gm. 0.50-1.0 gm. 0.12-0.3 gm. 1-2 gm. 0.004-0.006 gr 0.06-0.6 gm. 0.18-0.3 gm. 0.008 gm. 0.3-0.6 gm. 0.12-0.3 em. 0.3-1.2 gm. 15.0-30 gm. 2-4 gm. 0.0005-0.0015 gm. 0.1-0.3 gm." 0.12-0.3 gm. 0.016-0.03 gm. 0.6-1.20 gm. 0.06-0.12 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.30-0.60 gm. 0.06-0.18 gm. 0.6-1.2 gm. 0.3-1.20 gm. 0.3-1.2 gm. 1.2 gm. 4.0 gm. 0.3 gm. 0.5 gm. 15-30 gm. 236.0 gm. 0.2 gm. 0.002-0.004 2-4 gm. 10.0 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 0.3-0.6 gm. 0.2-0.3 gm. 0.2-0.3 gm. 1.2-2.5 gm. 0.6-1.2 gm. 0.3-1.2 gm. 0.6 gm. 0.6-1.2 gm. 0.6-1.8 gm. 0.06-0.18 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 0.012-0.03 gm. 8.0-15.0 gm. gm. 0.30 gm. 0.12-0.6 gm. 0 12-0.3 gm. 0.18-0.3 gm. TABLE OF DOSES. Remedy. Camphor, spirit of Cannabis indica, extract of tincture of Cantharides! " tincture of Capsicum " fluid extract of " oleoresin of! " tincture of Cascara sagrada, extract of " fluid extract of Cascarilla Cassia fistula, pulp of Castanea vesca. fluid extract of Castor (Castoreum) " tincture of . .. Castoreum Catechu Cava-Cava. See Kava-Kava. Cerium, oxalate of Chamomile, oil of Chelidonium majus, root or herb '■ extract of C^heuopodinm. oil of Chiniaphila, fluid extract of Chinoidin Chinoline tartrate Cliirata, fluid extract of Cliloral hydrate Clilorine-water Cliloroform, mixture of " purified, internally " " by inlialation (repeated p. r. n.) " spirit of Chrysarobin Cimicifuga, fluid extract of " tincture of Cinchona-bark " extract of " fluid extract of " compound tincture of " tincture of Cinchonia, sulphate of Cinchonidia, sulphate of. See Cinehonidine, sulphate of. Cinchonidine, sulphate of Cinchonine, sulphate of. See Cinchonia, sulphate of. Cinnabar. See Mercury, red sulphide of. Coca, fluid extract of . .. " leaves of • Dose. Cocaine, 4 per cent, solution generally used, subcutaneously ! Codeine or Codeia Colchicum, acetic extract of .. extract of root " fluid extract of " wine of . .. seed " fluid extract of. seeds, tincture of .. " wine of . .. Colocynth .. '■ compound extract of Colocynthidine Colocynthin (Citralline) . . .. Conine ! " hvdrochlorate ! Apothecaries' Metric Weights and Measures. System. 5 min.-l fl. dr. 0 3-4.0 gm. i-1 gr. 0.015-0.06 gm. 5-20 min. 0.3-1.2 gm. ^-2 gr. 0.03-0.12 gm. 5-20 min. 0.3-1.2 gm. i-2 gr. 0.03-0.12 gm. |-1 min. 0.03-0.06 gm. i-1 min. 0.015-0.06 gm. 5-20 min. 0.3-1.2 gm. 2-8 gr. 0.12-0.5 gm. 20 min.-l fl. dr. 1 1.2-4.0 gm. 20-30 gr. 1.3-2.0 gm. 1-2 dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 1-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 2-4 fl dr. 8.0-16.0 gm. 5-10 gr. 0.3-0.6 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 5-15 min. 0.3-1.0 gm. i-1 dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 5-10 gr. 0.3-0.6 gm. 4-8 min. 0.24-0.5 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4-8 gm. ^Idr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 15 gr. 1 gm. ifl.dr. 2.0 gm. 5-20 gr. 0.3-1.2 em. 1-4 fl. dr. 4.0-1 .5.0 gm. H fl. oz. 15-30 gm. 5-10 min. 0.O-0.6 gm. 1 fl.dr. 4.0 gm. 10 min.-l fl. dr. 0.6-4.0 gm. 10-25 gr. 0.6-1.6 gm. i-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. i-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 10 gr.-l dr. 0.6-4.0 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-1.8 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 gm. 2-4 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 8.0-15.0 gm. 10-40 gr. 0.6-2.5 gm. 10-40 gr. 0.6-2.4 gm. 20 min.-l fl. dr. 1.2-4.0 gm. -J-1 dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 2-8 gr. 0.12-0.5 gm. 2-8 min. 0.12-0.5 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 gm. 2-10 gr. 0.12-0.6 gm. 2-8 min. 0.12-0.5 gm. i-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. *-2 fl. dr. 2.0-8.0 gm. 2-8 gr. 0.12-0.5 gm. 5-15 gr. 0.3-1.0 gm. yVi gr. 0.00.5-0.01 gm. 2-6 gr. 0.12-0.35 gm. J-| min. 0.01.5-0.045 gm. i-i gr. 0.01-0.03 gm. TABLE OF DOSES. XI Remedy. Dose. Coniuni, abstract of " fluid extract of (an uncertain preparation)! . .. " fruit, alcoholic extract of! " " tincture of " leaves, extract of Convallamarin! Convallaria majalis, extract of Copaiba oil of " resin of Copper, ammoniated " sulphate of, as astringent tonic " " as emetic Coral-root Cornus florida. and extract of = dogwood-bark. Corrosive sublimate. See Mercury. CotoTn! Cotton-root bark, fluid extract. See Gossypium-root, fluid extract of bark of. Creasote! " water Creolin Crocus, tincture of Croton-chloral hydrate ; .. Cubebs " fluid extract of '' oleo-resin of " tincture of Cusparia-bark (Angustura-bark) " extract of Cypripedium " fluid extract of Damiana, fluid extract of (not official) " tincture (not official) Digitalin! Digitalis, abstract of " extract of! " fluid extract of " infusion of " powder of leaves of '• tincture of , .. Dill, oil of. See Anethuin. Dogwood, bark of root " fluid extract of Donovan's solution. See .1 rseiiic ami iodide of mercury, liquor of. Dracontium " fluid extract of Drosera, fluid extract of (not official) Drumine, same dose as cocaine. Duboisine, hypodermatically, scarcely used otherwise than locally, as mydriatic! Dulcamara, decoction of " extract of " fluid extract of Elaterin! " trituration of I . .. Elaterium ,. Emetin! Ergot, extract of " fluid extract of '' tincture of Ergotin, Bonjean's (purified extract of ergot) " Tanret's, subcutaneously! Ergotinin (easily decomposed), subcutaneously! Erythroxylon. See Coca. Esculin. See ^^sculin. Vol. I.— B Apothecaries' Weights and Measures. Metric System. 1-2 gr. 5 min. 30 min. 2gr. i-1 gr. 5-15 gr. 20 min.-l fl. dr. 10-20 min. 2-10 gr. 1-1 o-r igr- 5 gr. 10-30 gr. T2-i gr. 1-3 min. 1-4 fl. dr. 1 gr. in pill. 1-3 fl. dr. 5-20 gr. 10 gr.-l dr. 10-40 rain. 5-30 gr. 1-2 fl. dr. 10-30 gr. 5-15 gr. 15 gr. 15-30 min. 30 min.-2 fl. dr. 1-3 fl. dr. A-A gr. 1 gr. . ^* Sr. 1 min.-5 min. 2-4 fl. dr. l_gr. 5-15 min. 1 sc.-l dr. i fl. dr. 10-20 gr. h-l fl. dr. 5-10 min. T^o gr- 2 fl. oz. 2-10 gr. 1-1 fl. dr. ii gr. 2-f gr. To T gr. l-gr. .5-30 gr. 15 min.-l fl. dr. i-2 fl. dr. 5-10 gr. TT gr. iV-i gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 0.3 gm. 0.03-0:06 gm. 2.0 gm. 0.12 gm. 0.01-0.06 gm. 0.3-1.0 gm. 1.2-4.0 gm. 0.6-1.2 gm. 0.12-0.6 gm. 0.01-0.06 gm. 0.015 gm. 0.3 gm. 0.6-2.0 gm. 0.00.5-0.008 gm. 0.06-0.18 gm. 4.0-15 gm. 0.03 gm. 4.0-12.0 gm. 0.3-1.2 gm. 0 6-4.0 gm. 0.6-2.4 gm. 0.3-2.0 gm. 4.0-8.0 gm. 0.6-2.0 gm. 0.3-1.0 gm. 1.0 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 2.0-8.0 gm. 4.0-12.0 gm. 0.001-0.005 gm. 0.06 gm. 0.01-0.03 gm. 0.06-0.35 gm. 8.00-16.00 gin. 0.06 gm. 0.3-1.0 gm. 1.2-4.0 gm. 2.0 gm. -1.2 gm. 0.6 2.0 0.3-0.6 gm 4.0 gm. 0.0006 gm. 60.00 gm. 0.3-0.6 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.003 gm. 0.03-0.04 gm. 0.006-0.015 gni. 0.008 gm. 0.3-2.0 gm. 1.0-4.0 gm. 2.0-8.0 gm. 0.30-0.60 gm. 0.005 gm. 0.00.5-0.01 gm. Xll TABLE OF DOSES. Remedy. Ether, acetic " compound spirit of (Hoflman's anodyne) . . .. " nitrons, spirit of (sweet spirit of nitre) " sulphuric Ethoxy-cafiein Eucalyptol Eucalyptus globulus, fluid extract of Enonyinine Euonymus, extract of " fluid extract of (not official) Eupatorium, fluid extract of Fleming's tincture. See Aconite-root, tincture of. Galls, aromatic syrup of " tincture of Gamboge Gaultheria, oil of, in capsules Gelsemine (dangerous)! Gelsemium, fluid extract of (to be repeated) " tincture of Gentian, extract of. Used only as a vehicle. " compound tincture of '' fluid extract of Geranium, fluid extract of Glycyrrhiza, compound mixture of (brown mixture) . - Goa powder. See Chrysarobin. Gossypinm-root, fluid extract of bark of Grindelia, fluid extract of Guaiac, animoniated tincture of " resin of " tincture of Guaiacol! Guarana " fluid extract of Hsematoxylon " extract of " fluid extract of Hamamelis, fluid extract of Hemidesmus, syrup of Homatropine, hydrobromate of (externally as mydriatic) Hops, extract of " fluid extract of " tincture of Hydrastine (impure hydrochlorate of berberine) . . .. " of varying strength, begin with Hydrastis, extract of " fluid extract of " for hemorrhage (repeated 2 or 3 times) . .. Hyoscine (extremely poisonous), subcutaneously ! . . .. Hyoscyamiue, probably identical with Duboisine. " sulphate (iiypodermatically ) Hyoscyamus, abstract of " alcoholic extract of " extract of " fluid extract of " tincture of Hypnone Hypopbosphites, syrup of with iron, syrup of Ichthyol, in pill Ignatia, extract of " fluid extract of " tincture of Iodine, compound solution of " tincture of Iodoform lodol (often used externally) Dose. Apothecaries' Weights and Measures. Metric System. 10-20 min. 0.6-1.2 gra. 30 min.-l fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 15-40 min. 1.0-2.5 gm. 3-8 gr. 0.20-0.50 gm. 10-15 niiu. 0.6-1.0 gm. 5-10 min. 0.3-0.6 gm. 2-5 gr. 0.12-0.3 gm. 1-3 or. 0.06-0.18 gm. 4-2 fl. dr. 2.0-8.0 gm. i-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1 fl. dr. 4.00 gm. 4-2 fl. dr. 2.0-8.0 gm. 4-4 gr. 0.03-0.25 gm. 10-20 min. 1 0.6-1.2 gm. _i i_ or 300 iOd !?'• 2 min. 0.12 gm. 10 min. 0.6 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 4-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. ■ 20-30 min. 1.2-2.0 gm. 1-4 fl. dr. 4.0-15.0 gm. 4-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 4-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 30-60 min. 4-2 gr. 0.03-0.12 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 am. 10-20 gr. 0.6-1.2 gm. 10-20 gr. 0.6-1.2 gm. 30-60 min. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-S.O gm. 4gr. in 1 fl. oz. water. 1.0 in 120.0 3-] 5 gr. 30-60 min. 1-3 fl. dr. 4.0-12.0 gm. 3-5 gr. 0.18-0.3 gm. igr. 3-10 gr. 0.02 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-S.O gm. 20 min. 1.2 gm. "6 5 0 1 3 0 g^"- 0.0001-0.0005 gm. aV gr- 2-3 gr. 0.001 gm. 0.12-0.2''gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 2-3 gr. 0.12-0.2 gm. o mm. 0.30 gm. 1 fl. dr. 4.00 gm. 1-3 gr. 0.06-0.18 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 2-5 gr. 0.10-0.30 gm. i-li gr. 1-6 min. 5-15 min. 0.3-1.0 gm. 5 min. 0.3 oiu. 5-15 min. 0.3-1.0 gm. 1-3 gr. 1-5 gr. 0.06-0.2 gm. 0.06-0.3 gm. TABLE OF DOSES. Xlll Remedy. Dose. Iridin (Irisin) Iris, extract of " fluid extract of Iron and ammonia, citrate of " arseniate of " bitter wine of " chloride of " " tincture of ■ " compound mixture of " dialyzed " " solution of " dried, sulphate of " hydrated oxide of (antidote to arsenic). Tablespoon- ful doses freely. " hypophosphite of " lactate of " phosphate of *' and potassium, tartrate of " pyrophosphate of " and quinia, citrate of " reduced " saccharated carbonate " and strychnine, citrate of . .. " subsulphate, solution of " sulphate of " syrup of the iodide of " valerianate of " wine of the citrate of Isapiol Jaborandi, extract of Jalap " abstract of " compound powder of " resin of. James' powder. See Antimonial powder. Juglans, extract of " fluid extract of Kairine Kairoline, sulphate of (but little used) Kamala Kava-Kava (Kawa). See Piper methysticum, fluid extract of, and Matico. Kino " tincture of Koosso. See Brayeru. Krameria " extract of " fluid extract of " tincture of Lactucarium " fluid extract of Lead, acetate of " iodide of Leptandra Leptandrin (impure resin) Leucaline. See Chinoline. Lewinin, 50 per cent, solution as local anaesthetic; substitute for cocaine. Licorice, compound powder of Lithium, benzoate of • " bromide of " carbonate of " citrate of " salicylate of Lobelia, tincture of Lugol's solution, compound solution of iodine Apothecaries' Metric Weights and Measures. System. 1-5 gr. 0.06-0.3 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.00-0.12 gm. 5-10 min. 0.3-0.6 gm. 5 gr. 0.3 gm. 2V-T0 gr- 0.003-0.006 gm. 2-4 fl. dr. 8.0-15.0 gm. 1-3 gr. 0.06-0.18 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 gm. 1-2 fl. oz. 30.0-00.0 gm. 1-15 min. 0.06-1.0 gm. 20 min.-l fl. dr. 1.2-4.0 gm. A-2 gr. 0.03-0.12 gm. 5-10 gr. 0.3-0.6 gm. 5-10 gr. 0.3-0.6 gm. 5-10 gr. 0.3-0.6 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 2-0 gr. 0.12-0.3 gm. 5-10 gr. 0.3-0.6 gm. 3-6 gr. 0.2-0.4 gm. 5-30 gr. 0.3-2.0 gm. 3-5 gr. 0.18-0.3 gm. 3-6 min. 0.2 0.4 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 gm. 1-3 gr. 0.06-0.2 gm. 1 fl. dr. 4.0 gm. 3gr. 0.2 gm. 2-5 gr. 0.12-0.3 gm. 15-30 gr. 1.0-2.0 gm. 10-15 gr. 0.6-1.0 gm. 1 dr. 2.00 gm. 4-8 gr. 0.25-0.5 gm. 5-20 gr. 0.3-1.2 gm. f-2 fl. dr. 5-15 gr. 0.3-1.0 gm. 5 gr. 0.3 gm. 1-2 dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 10-20 gr. 0.6-1.2 gm. 10-20 gr. 0.6-1.2 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 gm. 2-3 fl. dr. 8.0-12.0 gm. 10-20 gr. 0.6-1 .2 gm. 10-30 min. 0.6-2.0 gm. ^3 gr. 0.03-0.18 gm. *-3 gr. 0.03-0.18 gm. 20-40 gr. 1.2-2.5  gm 5 min. 0.3 gm. XIV TABLE OF DOSES. Remedy. Lupulin " fluid extract of ^fagnesiura " carbonate of " sulphate of .. " sulphite of Male fern, oleoresin or oil of ■ Manganese, binoxide of " sulphate of Matico '■ fluid extract of Menthol (also externally for neuralgia) Mercury with chalk " corrosive chloride of! " cyanide of! " green iodide of I " mass of (blue pill) " mild chloride of " red iodide of! " red oxide of, used externally only. " red sulphide of, used only for fumigation. " yellow oxide of, used externally only. " yellow subsulphate of Methylal, subcutaneously Morphine (and salts)! Mudar-bark. See Calatropis gigantea. Myrrh " tincture of Myrtol Naphthaline. (An excellent germicide and antiseptic dress- ing for wounds, j Narceine Xarcotine Nitroglycerin Nux vomica, abstract of! " extract of! " fluid extract of " tincture of Opium, camphorated tincture of (paregoric) " confection of " extract of " powder or gum " tincture of i laudanum) '■ wine of Paracotoi'n Paraldehyd Pareira " extract of " fluid extract of " tincture of Pelletierine, sulphate '■ tannate Peppermint, oil of Pepsin " liquor of Phenacetin. See Acetphenetidin. Phosph(jrated oil Phos[)horus ! Physostigma, extract of! ■' fluid extract of! " tincture of! Physostigmine, salicylate of I , " sulphate of! Phytolaccin! Picrotoxin, in pill! , solution (] to 2000) Dose. Apothecaries' Weights and Measures. 5-10 gr. 10-15 min. 10-30 gr. 10 gr.-l dr. 2 dr.-l oz. 15-30 gr. 30 min.-l fl. dr. 2-4 gr. 5-20 gr. 1-2 dr. 1-1 fl. dr. 2"gr. 2-10 gr. TS-l gr- 1-^ gr. 3-fd'gr. i-2 gr. T6 gr- Hgr.. 7-15 min. xVi gr. 10-30 gr. 15-30 min. 2-3 gr. 2-10 gr. M gr. 3gr. Ti5-To mm. 1-2 gr. *-l gr- 3-5 min. 20 min. 1-4 fl. dr. 10-40 gr. i-Agr. i-1 gr-. 5-15 min. 5-15 min. 1-3 gr. 20-50 min. ^1 dr. 10-30 ST. i-1 fl': dr. 1 fl.dr. 5-7 gr. 1-5 gr. 2-6 min. lO-io gr. 2-4 fl. dr. Metric System. gr. 6-0 nun. 1 ■ i_ 100 75 iWgr. 1-3 min. 2-5 min. TTo~8 (J gr. T2TJ Jo gr- ^2-3 gr. T2o~6o gr- 20 min. 0.3-0.6 gm. 0.6-1.0 gm. 0.6-2.0 gm. 0.6-4.0 gm. 8.0-31.0 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.12-0.25 gm. 0.3-1.2 gm. 2.0-8.0 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.1 gm. 0.12-0.6 gm. 0.005-0.007 gm. 0.004-0.008 gm. 0.01-0.03 gm. 0.2-0.6 gm. 0.01-5-0.12 gm. 0.004 gm. 0.015-0.06 gm. 0.4-1.0 gm. 0.004-0.03 gm. 0.6-2.0 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 0.12-0.2 gm. 0.12 0.02 U. 0.001 0.06 0.03 0.18 1. 4.0 0.6 0.01 0.015 0.3 0.3 0.06 1.2 o. 0.6 2.0 4 0.3- 0.06- 0.12- 0.6- 8.0- 0.18- 0.0006- 0.004- 0.06- 0.12- 0.000.> 0.000.5- 0.12- 0.0005- 0.6 gm. 0.05 gm. 1 8 gm. -0.006 gm. -0.12 gm. -0.06 gm. -0.3 gm. 20 gm. -15.0 gm. -2.5 gm. -0.03 gm. -0.r6 gm. -1.0 gm. -1.0 gm. -0.2 gm. -3.0 gm. ■4.0 gm. 2.0 gm. •4.0 gm. .0 gm. -0.4 gm. -0.3 gm. -0.36 gm. -1.0 gm. -1-5.0 gm. in. 0.3 gm 0.0008 0.01 gm. 0.18 gm. 0.3 gm. 0.0008 gm 0.0008 gm ■0.20 gm. 0.001 gm. 1.2 gm. TABLE OF DOSES. XV Remedy. Dose. Apothecaries' Weights and Measures. Metric System. « Pilocarpine (and salts)! Piper methysticum, fluid extract of the resin Piperine Piscidia erythrina, fluid extract of " jjowder Podophyllum, resin of Pomegranate, bark of " decoction of Potassium, acetate of • " bicarbonate of " bitartrate of " bromide of carbonate of chlorate of cyanide of I ferrocyanide of i in sol.) hypophosphite of " iodide of " mixture of the citrate of " nitrate of " permanganate of '■ and sodium tartrate of " sulphate of " sulphite of " Prinos Pum])kin-seeds Punicin. See Pelletierine (Tanretl. Pyridine, by inhalation only. May be allo'ved to evaporate in the room. Quillaia, decoction of bark. 1 dr. in 12 fl. oz. water (50- 200.0 gm.). Quinine (and salts) " arseniate of Quinoidin. See ChuioiJin. Kesorcin in solution Khubarb " aromatic syrup of " aromatic tincture of '■ compound powder of " extract of " fluid extract of " and soda, mixture of ...'... " sweet tincture of .... • " tincture of Sabina, fluid extract of Saliciu . .. Salol • ■ • ■ _ Sandal-wood, oil of Sanguinaria " fluid extract of " tincture of Santonin (child 2 years old) !. " (adult) Sarsaparilla, compound fluid extract of " fluid extract of Savine, oil of Scammony " resin of Scutellaria, fluid extract of Scutellarine Senega, abstract of " fluid extract of " syrup of Senna, compound infusion of " confection of " fluid extract of i ?^1 fl. dr. 0.001-0.03 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1-8 gr. 0.06-0.5 gm. 7-15 min. 0.5-1.(1 gm. 7-1 5 gr. 0.5-1.0 gm. i-i gr. 20-30 gr. 0.008-0.03 gm. 1.2-2.0 gm. 2-4 fl. oz. (50.0-125.0 gm 15 gr.-l dr. 1.0-4,0 gm. 10-40 gr. 0.6-2.4 gm. 1-5 gr. 0.06-0.3 gm. 5 gr.-l dr. 0.3-4.0 gm. 5-30 gr. 0.3-2.0 sm. 5-20 gr. 0.3-1.2 gm. T6-i gr. 10-15 gr. 0.004-0.008 gm 0.6-1.0 gm. 5-15 gr. 0.3-1.0 -m. 2-1 5 gr. 0.12-1.0 gm. h fl. oz. 15.0 gm. o-lo gr. 0.3-1.0 gm. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. i-1 oz. 15.0-30.00 gm 20-30 gr. 1.2-2.0 gni. 15-30 gr. 1.0-2.0 gm. 30 gr.-l dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1-3 oz. 30.0-90.0 gm. 4.0-5.0 gm. 1 tablespoonful. 1-30 gr. 0.06-2.0 gm. i-1 gr- 0.01-0.06 gm. 5-15 gr. 0.3-1.0 gm. 2-30 ^r. 0.12-2.0 gm. 1-4 fl. dr. 4.0-15.0 gm. i-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. i-1 dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 5-15 gr. 0.3-1.0 gm. 15-40 min. 1.0-2.5 gm. i-1 fl. dr. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1-3 fl. dr. 4.0-12.0 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. 4.0-8.0 gm. 5-15 min. 10-30 gr. 30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 2.0 gm. 15-20 min. 1.0-1.2 gm. 1-5 gr. 0.06-0.3 gm. 3-5 min. 0.2-0.3 gm. 10-40 min. 0.6-2.5 gm. i-*gr. 2-4 gr. 0.016-0.03 gm. 0.12-0.25 gm. i-2 fl. dr. 2.0-8.0 gm. ^-2 fl. dr. 2.0-8.0 gm. 2-5 min. 0.12-0.3 gm. 5-15 gr. 2-10 gr. 0.3-1.0 gm. 0.12-0.6 gm. 1-2 fl. dr. -4.0-8.0 gm. 1-3 gr. 0.06-0.2 o-m. 4-10 gr. 0 25-0.6 gm. 8-15 min. 0.5-1.0 gm. i-2 fl. dr. 2.0-8.0 gm. 4 fl. oz. 125.00 gm. 2 dr. 8.0 2-m. 1-4 fl. dr. 4.0-15.0 gm. XVI TABLE OF DOSES. Remedy. Dose. Senna, infusion of •' tincture of Serpentaria. fluid extract of " tincture of Silver, nitrate of (crystallized)! " oxide Sodium, acetate of " arseniate of! " benzoate of ■. . .. " bicarbonate of " bisulpliite of " borate of " bromide of " carbonate of " citrate ' " hvpophosplnte of " hyposulphite of " iodide of " nitrite " phosphate of " salicylate of " sulphate of " sulphite of Sparteine, sulphide (not official) ; in solution Squill, syrup of Stillingia, fluid extract of Stramonium, extract of! " fluid extract of! " -leaves, tincture of " -seed, tincture of Stropliantin, solution or pill (not to be used hypoder- maticallyl! .. .*^troplianthus hispidus. tincture of seeds Strvchnine land salts of) ! Sul'phonal (6?.8ulfonal) Sulphur Sumbul, tincture of Taraxacum, extract of " fluid extract of Terebene Terpin hydrate Terpinol, in capsules with olive oil, every 2 hours until ten have been taken Thallin, suljihate of " tartrate of Theine (subcutaneouslv) Thymol (pill) . . . ". Triticum, fluid extract of (repeated) Turpentine, oil of Urethaue Uva ursi, fluid extract of Valerian, abstract of " ammoniated tincture of " fluid extract of oil of " tincture of Veratrine! Veratrum viride, fluid extract of! " tincture of! Viburnum, fluid extract of Vinegar of opium. See Acetiim opii. Wahoo. See Enonymns. Wild cherry-bark " fluid extract of " infusion of " syrup of Apothecaries' ■Weights and Measures. | Metric i^vstem. 4fl. 2 fl. dr.- 30 min.- 1 2 4 i 2 15 gr. 6 0 10 gr. 10 5- 10- 10 gr.- 10- 1- 5 10 5 1 o. 15 1 15 gr. J. 2o 1 15 1 oz. 1 fl. oz. 1 fl. dr. 2 fl. dr. i gi"- -1 gr. -1 dr. -TO gr- -1 dr. -20 sr. -20 'er. -30 gr. -1 dr. ■30 gr. ■10 dr. -15 gr. -20 gr. -20 ir. -4 gr. -idsr. -30 gr. -4 dr. 4 dr. gr- -1 fl. dr. -30 min. gr. 1-1 8-1 ■") min. 6-15 min. eV gr. 3-8 min. 1 - I or f,Ti To gr. 1.5-30 gr. 1-3 dr. 10-30 min. 5-1 5 gr. \-\ fl. dr. 6-10 min. 2 - 6^- io gr. 3-8 gr. 2-3 gr. ^gr. 2-3 gr. 1 fl. dr. 5-30 min. 15 gr.-l dr. 1-1 fl. dr. 10-15 gr. i-2fl:dr. \-l fl. dr. 4-5 min. 1-2 fl. dr. in-in gr. 1-3 min, 3-6 min. 1-2 fl. dr. 1-1 dr. 1 fl. dr. 1-2 fl. oz. 1 fl. oz. 125.0 um, 8.0-30.0 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 2.0-8.0 gm. 0.01-5-0.03 gm. 0 03-0.06 gm. 1.0-4.0 gm. 0.001-O.od'o gm 0 6-4.0 gm. 0.6-1.2 gm. 0..3-1.2 gm. • 0.6-2.0 em. 0.6-4.0 gm. 0.6-2.0 gm. 4.0-40.0 gm. 0..3-1.0 gm. 0.6-1.2 gm. 0.3-1.2 gm. O.Oti-0.25 gm. 0.12-0.6 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 4.0-15.0 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 0.002 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 1.0-2.0 sm. 0.03 am. 0.06-0.12 gm. 0.001 gm. 0.2-0.5 gm. 0.001-0.006 gm. 1.0-2.0 gm. 4.0-12.0 gm. 0.6-2.0 gm. 0.3-1.0 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.3-0.6 gm. 0.3-1.2 gm. 0.003 gm. 0.2-0.5 gm. 0.12-0.2 gm. 0.03 gm. 0.12-0.18 gm. 4.0 gm. 0.3-2.0 gm. 1.0-4.0 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.6-1.0 gm. 2.0-8.0 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 0.24-0.3 gm. 2.0-8.0 gm. 0.001-0.003 gm 0 06-0.18 gm. 0.1-5-0.30 gm. 4.0-8.00 gm. 2.0-4.0 gm. 4.0 gm. 30.0-60.0 gm. 15.0 gm. POISONING. XVII Remedy. "Wintergreen, oil of. See Gaultheria. "Wormseed, oil of. See Chenopodiun,. Zinc, bronaide of '• oxide of " phosphite of " sulphate of, as alterative . . ■ " " as emetic . • - " syrup of iodide of " valerianate of Dose. Apothecaries' Metric Weights and Measures. System. *-2 gr. 0.03-0.12 ^m. 2-8 g.-. 0.12-0.5 gin. 2V gr- 0.003 gm. i-1 gr. 0.015-1.06 gm. 10-30 gr. 0.6-2.0 gm. 20-40 niin. 1.2-2.5 em. 1-2 gr. 0.06-0.12 gm. TI.—POISONING. Every case of poisoning is either attempted murder or suicide, or is the result of accident. In either case the medical attendant is liable to be called as a witness by the coroner, and per- haps by a criminal court. He should, therefore, note the circumstances with this probability in mind, and make notes in writing while the facts are still fresh in his memory. He should, for e.xample, observe the number and appearance of the persons in the sick-room ; the bottles, glasses, spoons, etc. upon the side- tables (these should be taken charge of as soon as possible) ; the evidences of violence, if any; vomited matters; bottles, vessels, or wrappers in the tireplace or slop-jars; and, especially, the physical signs presented by the patient. It will be well to clear the sick-room of all useless per- sons— by sending tiiem upon errands, for exam- ple ; or, if they be personally interested, by direct request. Every practitioner should have an anti- dote-bag, and keep it always fully supplied and in readiness for immediate use. The antidote-bag should contain a hypodermic syringe, stomach-pump, flexible catheter (me- dium size!, sulj^hate of zinc (30-grain powders), whisky or brandy, smelling salts, general anti- dote (see below), solution of syrup of chloral (1:3), magnesia, tannic acid, bromide of potas- sium (40-grain powders), nitrite-of-amyl cap- sules (5 minims eachi, chloroform (4oz.), pellets for hypodermatic injection, as apomorphine (yV grain), sulphate of morphine (\ grain), sulphate of atropine {-^q grain), hydrochlorate of pilocar- pine [\ grain), sodio-salicylate of caffein (J grain), sulphate of strychnine {^q grain), digi- taline (y^o grain), aconitine {^l-^ grain), small vial of distilled water, measuring-glass, teaspoon, and tablespoon. If the poison taken has produced whitish spots or other signs of corrosiNt action on the lips or tongue, no attempt should be made to empty the stomach. If the nature of the poison be un- known, tiie following, known as the " general," "multiple," or "shot-gun" antidote, may be used — I. e., 1. Saturated solution sulphate of iron 100 parts, water 800 parts, calcined magnesia 88 parts, animal charcoal (puritied) 40 parts. Keep the iron solution in one bottle, the other in- gredients mixed in another ; when re(]uired pour the iron solution into the mixture, sliake well and give, ad libitum, wineglassful doses. Said to render preparations of arsenic, zinc, and digitalis absolutely inert, and partly to neutralize action of mercury, morphine, and strychnine. Has no efiect upon alkalies, phosphorus, anti- mony, or hydrocyanic acid. 2. Iodide of starch has been recommended as a general antidote against sulphuretted hydro- gen, the alkalies, the alkaline sulphides, and especially the alkaloids with which iodine forms insoluble compounds. ^Nlay be given in large doses, as it is insoluble and not easily decom- posed. If the nature of the poison is unknown, note the following in acute cases as indications of its character: Tetanic spasms indicate strych- nine; paralysis, phy.sostigmine, conium, gel- semiura, aconite, curare; skin dry, belladomia and atropine, hyoscyamus, stramonium ; skin moist before collapse, opium, aconite, anti- mony, alcohol, tobacco, lobelia ; odor of breath may indicate alcohol, ammonia, camphor, car- bolic acid, chloroform, creasote, hydrocyanic acid, phosphorus, nitrobenzol ; pupils contracted, opium ; pupils dilated, belhidonna, atropine, alcohol, aconite, stramonium, hyoscyannis, con- iiun ; mucous membrane of mouth : white and hard patches indicate strong carbolic acid, creasote, or corrosive sublimate ; white softened or flaky patches, mineral acids or caustic alka- lies; dryness, belladonna, hyoscyamus, stramon- ium, opium; numbness, aconite; coma, opium, alcohol, chloral, chloroform, camphor; delir- ium, alcohol, belladonna, camphor, hyoscya- mus, stramonium, cannabis indica. XVlll POISONING. TABLE OF ANTIDOTES. The following list of antidotes to the poisons likely to be most freijuently met with, being- intended for ready relerence, is classified alpha- betically according to the common names of the poisons : Acetate of lead : see Lead, acetate, below. Acids. Do not use stomach-pump when strong acids have been swallowed ; deep plaster from walls is one of the most generally available and effective antidotes. Acetic. Magnesia or its carbonate, chalk, dilute ammonia, soap- water, milk, demulcent drinks. Arsenious. Hydrated oxide of iron (may be made by mix- ing ammonia-water or aromatic spirits of am- monia with tincture of the chloride of iron, pouring off excess of fluid and washing the precipitate with water), hydrated oxide of iron with magnesia, dialyzed iron, animal charcoal, chalk and water; follow with milk and demulcents. Carbazotic : see Acid, picronitric, below. Carbolic. Precipitated or powdered chalk, sulphate of soda or mag- nesia (Epsom salts), white of egg, demulcents, milk. Chromic. "White of egg in water, magnesia in great excess, ether subcutaneously, or stinudants, for collapse. Citric : see Acid, acetic, above. Hydrochloric. Magnesia, lime-water, chalk, carbonates of the alkalies, plaster from walls, soap-water ; follow with milk, starch, sweet oil, or other demulcent; remedies should be largely diluted and much water taken. Hydrocyanic. Ee prompt! Cold affusion to neck and head, dilute ammonia by mouth or intravenous injection, chlorine- water, hydrated oxide of iron (may be made by mixing ammonia-water or aromatic spirits of ammonia with tincture of the chloride of iron, pouring ofi" excess of fluid and washing the precipitate with water), stimulants, arti- ficial respiration. Nitric. Magnesia, lime- water, chalk, carljonates of the alkalies, plaster from walls, soap- water; follow with milk, starch, sweet oil, or other demulcent ; reme- dies should be largely diluted and much water taken. Carbonates of the alkalies are less safe than those of lime and magnesia. Oxalic. Lime, as chalk, whiting, or plaster (from wall), or magnesia diffused in much water, but no water without the remedy ; excite vomiting by tickling lauces or faradi- zation; alkalies and their carbonates worse than useless; stimulants by rectum, demul- cents. Picronitric (syn. carbazotic). "White of egg, plenty of water, stomach-pump. Sul- phuric. Chalk, nu\gnesia, carbonates of the alkalies, in as concentrated solution or suspen- sion as possible; lime-water; follow with de- mulcents and milk. Tartaric : see Acetic, above. Aconitine. Stomach-pump, emetics, taimin. iodide of potassium, aninuil charcoal, artilicial respiration Digitalin has been recommended. Alcohol. Emetics (especially nuistard and water), carbonate of ammonia, cold afiiisions tn he;id, friction of surface, st<inKU'h-pump, and diluents. Alkalies. Do 910^ use stomach-jmmp when caustic alkalies have been swallowed ; vege- table acids, as vinegar, lemon-juice, tartaric oi- citric acid ; any fixed oil, as castor, olive, lard, or linseed oil ; emetics. Alum. "White of egg, milk, lime-water, mag- nesia, carbonate of ammonia in weak solu- tion. Amanita ; see Muscarine, below. Ammonia : see Alkalies, above. If inhaled, steam or spray by atomizer; intubation of larynx, or tracheotomy in case of spasm of glottis. Amyl nitrite. Stomach-pump, emetics, arti- ficial respiration ; ergotine has been suggested. Aniline and Aniline dyes. Stomach-pump, emetics, white of egg, hydrated oxide of iron (for arsenic present as impui'ity). Antimony (and its salts). "White of egg, mag- nesia, carbonates of the alkalies, mucihiginous drinks, stimulants. Arsenic: see Acid, arsenious, above. Atropine (and salts). Stomach-pump, emetics, tannin, animal charcoal, Lugol's solution (com- pound solution of iodine), opiates; physostig- mine (eserine) has been suggested. Barium (and salts 1. Sulphate of soda or mag- nesia (Epsom salts); dilute sulphuric acid; surface plaster froui walls ; ether subcutan- eously, or stinudants for collapse. Belladonna (and preparations): see Atropine, above. Bichloride of methylene : see Chloroform, below. Bichromate of potash, (or soda) : see Po- tassium, bichromate, Ijelow. Bromine. If inhaled, steam or atomized spray, intubation of larynx or tracheotomy for spasm of glottis ; if swallowed, thin starch enemata, gruel, white of egg, magnesia ; do not use stomach-pump. Calabar bean : see Pht/sostigmine, below. Cannabis Indica. Emetics, coflee, artificial respiration, stomach-pump. Cantharides. Emetics, demulcent drinks, and milk, hot baths. Carbonic acid (well-gas, mephitic air, choke- damp) : see Carbonic oxide, below. Artificial respiration, continued for a long time, has suc- ceeded in apparently hopeless cases. Carbonic oxide (poisonous ingredient of illuminating gas). Eresh air, stimulation of surface, artificial respiration. Ergotine has been recommended by subcutaneous injection, but with doubtful propriety. Caustic potash : see Alkalies, above. Caustic soda: see Alkalies, above. Charcoal fumes : see Carbonic oxide, above. Cherry-laurel -water : see Acid, hydrocyanic, above. Chloral : see Chloroform, below. POISONING. XiX Chlorate of potash : see Potassium, chlorate, below. Chlorine. If inhaled, steam, spray of water containing carbonate of ammonia, spray ot alcohol, cautious inhalation of ammonia, in- tubation of larvnx or tracheotomy for spasm of glottis; if swallowed (as chlonne-water), white of egg, magnesia, hyposulphite of so- dium or magnesium, demulcent drinks. Chloroform. If inhaled, pull the tongue for- ward, fresh air, cold affusion, inversion ot the body, artificial respiration, faradization (one pole at side of neck, the other at pit of stoni- ach), ammonia or amyl nitrite to nostrils; it swallowed, stomach-pump, friction and stimu- lation of skin, artificial respiration. Choke-damp : see Carbonic acid, above. Cocaine. Amyl nitrite, alcoholic stimulants. Cocculus Indicus (fish-berries). Emetics, stomach-pump, chloral hydrate. Colchicum, Stomach-pump, emetics, tannin, opium, stimulants if collapse ensues. Colica pictonum. "Painters' colic:" see Lead-poi-ioiiiiuj. Colocynth. Emetics, stomach-pump, demul- cent drinks, opium. Conine : see Conimn, below. Conium (and derivatives). Emetics, stomach- pump, tannin, animal charcoal, stimulants. Copper (and salts). :Milk, white of egg, ferro- cvanide of potassium, soap, alkalies, stomach- pump if vomitin<,r does not occur spontaneously, laxatives. Arsenical salts of copper ( Scheele's green, Schweinfurth green, etc.) should be n-eated as for Arsenic, q. v. Corrosive sublimate. White of egg, milk, gum, animal charcoal, sulphide of iron, iron- filings or reduced iron, soap-water, sweet oil, mucilaginous drinks; follow with emetics. Creasote : see Acids, carbolic, above. Curare. If swallowed, it is absorbed slowly; use emetics and stomach-pump, coflPee ; if in- jected subcutaneously, there is probablv no antidote. Strychnia and caflein have been recommended. Cyanide of potassium. Be prompt ! Cold aftiision to neck and head, dilute ammonia by mouth or intravenous injection, chlorine- water, hvdrated oxide of iron (may be made by mixing ammonia-water or aromatic spirits of ammonia with tincture of tiie chhfride of iron, pouring off excess of fluid and washing the precipitate with water), stimulants, arti- ficial respiration. Cytisus (laburnum). Emetics, stomach-pump, vegetable acids, stimulants cautiously adminis- tered. Daturine : see Atropine, above. Digitalis land derivatives). Emetics, stomach- pump, tannin, amyl nitrite. Aconitine has been recommended (very dangerous!). Drunkenness: see Alcohol, above. Duboisine : see Atropine, above. Elaterium : see Colocynth, above. Ergot and Ergotine. Emetics, stomach- pump, nitrite of amvl ; for convulsions in spasm, chloral hydrate, ether (cautiously), opiates. Eserine : see Physostigmine, below. Ether : see Chloroform, above. Fish, poisonous: see Ptomaines. General indication is to excite vomiting, wash out stomach with pumj), follow with stimulants. Bear in mind that mos-t of the poisonous alka- loids are simulated by ptomaines. Fish-berries : see Cocculus Indicus. 