None
364. Cranial Osteology of the Osteoglossidae, Pantodontidae, and Phractolaemidae. Journ. Linnean Soc., vol. xxix. 365. —— Cranial Osteology of the Mormyridae, Notopterydae, and Hyodon- tidae. Journ. Linnean Soe. vol. xxix. 366. Riess, Joh. Uber einige fossile Chimaeriden- Reste. Palaeontographica, vol. xxxiv., 1887. 367. Rohon, J. V. Uber fossile Fische v. oberen Jenissei. Mém. Ac. St-Pét. vol, xxxvi., 1889. 368 Die Dendrodonten des Devonischen Systems in Russland. Meém. Ac. Imp. St-Pétersbourg, 7 sér. vol. xxxvi., 1889. 369. —— Holoptychius-Schuppen in Russland. Meélanges géologiques et paléontol. vol. i., St-Pétersbourg, 1890. Bull. Ac. Sci., St-Pétersbourg, vol. li. 370. -—— Uber Pterichthys. Verh. K. russ. min. Ges. St. Petersb. vol. xxviii., 1891. 371. Die obersilur. Fische v. Oesel: Part I. Mém. Ac. St-Pétersbourg, vol. xxxvili., 1892; Part II. zbid. vol. xli., 1893. 372. Rose, C. Uber die vershiedenen Abinderungen der Hartgewebe bei niederen Wirbeltiere. Anat. Anz. p. 21, vol. xiv., 1898. 373. -—— Beitr. z. vergl. Anat. d. Herzens. Morph. Jahrb. vol. xvi., 1890. 374. —— Uber die Zahnentwicklung von Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Morph. Arb. vol. iv., 1895. LITERATURE 499 374a. Rosenberg, E. Die Occipitalregion des Cranium einiger Selachier, Dorpat, 1884. 375. Rowntree, W. S. The Visceral Anatomy of the Characinidae, etc. Trans. _ Linn. Soe. vol. ix., 1903. 376. Rickert, J. Uber d. Ensteh. d. Exkretionsorgane bei Selachiern. Arch. Anat. u. Entw., 1888. 377. Die Entw. d. Exkretionsorgane. Anat. Hefte, Ergeb., 1892. 377a. Ruge, E. Die Entw. d. Skelettes d. v. Extremitit v. Spinax niger. Morph. Jahrb. vol. xxx., 1902. 378. Ryder, J. A. On the Origin of Heterocercy and the Evol. of the Fins and Fin-Rays of Fishes. U.S. Com. of Fish Report for 1884 (1886). 379. Sagemehl, M. Beitr. z. vergl. Anat. der Fische: I. Das Cranium von Amia calva, Morph. Jahrb. vol. ix., 1884 ; II. Gehirnhaute der Knochen- fische, ibid. ; III]. Das Cranium der Characiniden, ibid. vol. x., 1884; IV. Das Cranium der Cyprinoiden, 7d. vol. xvii., 1891. 380. Salensky, W. Uber die Entw. der unpaarer Flossen der stérartigen Fische. Ann. Mus. Zool. Ac. Imp. St-Pétersbourg, 1899. Sur le développement . tbid. vol. ili. 381. Sappey, Ph. C. L’Appareil mucipare et sur le syst. lymphatique des poissons. Paris, 1880.. 382. Schaffer, J. Der feinere Bau und die Entwickelung des Schwanzflossen- knorpels von Petromyzon und Ammocoetes. Anat. Anz. vol. xix., 1901. 383. Schauinsland, H. Beitr. z. Entw. u. Anat. der Wirbeltiere Sphenodon Chamaeleo Callorhynchus. Zoologica, vol. xvi., 1903. 384. —— Die Entw. d. Wirbelsiiule nebst Rippen u. Brustbein. Hertwig’s Handb. Entw. Wirbeltiere, vol. ii. Jena, 1906. 385. Scheel, C. Beitr. z. Entw. der Teleostierwirbelsiule. Morph. Jahrb. vol. xx., 1893. 386. Schelaputin, Gr. Beitriive z. Kenntniss des Skelets der Welse (Das Cranium von Clarias). Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 1905 (1906). 387. Schleip, W. 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Studien z. Histologie der Ganoidschuppen. Arch. f. Naturg. vol. lxii., 1896. 395. Sedgwick, A. On the Early Devel. of the Wolffian Duct, etc. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. vol. xxi., 1881. 509 LITERATURE 396. Sedgwick, A. On the Existence of a Head-Kidney in the Chick. Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci. vol. xix., 1879. 397. Semon, R. Studien ii. d. Bauplan des Urogenitalsyst. d. Wirbeltiere. Jen. Zeitschr. vol. xix., 1891. 398 N. ii. d. Zusammenhang der Harn- u. Geschlechtsorgane b. d. Ganoiden. Morph. Jahrb. yol. xvii., 1891. 399 Die iiussere Entwicklung des Ceratodus Forsteri.. Denk. Med, Nat. Ges. Jena, vol. iv., 1893. Zool. Forsch. vol. i., and Nermentafeln, Jena, 1903. 400. Das Exkretionsystem der Myxinoiden. Festschr. f. C. Gegenbaur, vol. iii. Leipzig, 1896. 400a. Entw. d. paarigen Flossen der Ceratodus Forsteri. _Denkschr. Med. Nat. Ges. Jena, vol. iv., 1898. 401 Die Zahnentwickelung des Ceratodus Forsteri. Denk. Med. Nat. Ges. Jena, vol. iv., 1901. 402. ——- Zur Entw. d. 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On the Hyomandibular Clefts and Pseudobranchs of Lepidostews and Amia. Journ. Anat. and Phys. vol. xix., 1885. 510. On the Skull and Auditory Organ of the Siluroid Hypophthalmus. Trans. Roy. Soe. Canada, Sect. 4, 1885. 511. Zarnik, B. Uber segmentale Venen bei Amphiovus u. ihr Verhiiltniss z. Ductus Cuvieri. Anat. Anz. vol. xxiv., 1904. 512. Ziegler, H. HE. Die Enst. d. Blutes bei Knockenfischembryonen. Arch. f. mikr. Anat. vol. xxx. 513. Zittel, K. A. von. Handbuch der Paliiontologie, vol. iii. (Pisces, etc.), Munich, 1887. Grundziige d. Paliiontologie, Munich, 1895. ‘Trans. hy C. R. Eastman, London, 1902. 514. Zoyraf, N. Labyrinthine Apparatus of the Lab. Fishes. Quart. Journ, Micr: Sci. vol. xxvili., 1888. INDEX Figures given in thick type refer to the systematic position. J. vefers to an illustration. wAbeona, 446 Abramis, 375 Acanthaphritis, 456 Acanthaspis, 263 ; decipiens, 263 f. Acanthias, 5, 10 7., 71, 122, | WAGi fic, Aah aTGyiIpe ase A. vulgaris, 9 f., 14 f. | Reh asad 0 Hen LO ale ee 360 7. Acanthobutis, 161 Acanthocepola, 431 Acanthocybium, 465 Acanthoderma, 437 Acanthodes, 188 f., 190, LOI 1923 A. gracilis, Well fies URE iG 4l5 edHe catus, 192 7.; A. Wardi, UO. Acanthodij 187 Acanthodidae, 192; skull, 190 f. Acanthodopsis, 192 Acanthozssus, 192 Acanthopleurus, 437 Acanthopsis, 376 Acanthopterygii, 424 Acanthuridae, 4385 Acanthurus, 436; A. lew- costernum, 436 f. Acura, 446 Acentrophorus, 336 Aceratias, 462 cAcerina, 368, cernud, 443 Acestra, 384 Achirus, 474 Acipenser, 94 f., 108. I Us iyja5 PNA es PP Pie Sify Ag BUI G50) | 316, 318, 319, 367 7, 369 ; A, ruthenus, 304 Ff, 306 7, 320 7. ; A. sturio, WO) jan 274.7%, 303 7, 308 7., 3197. 4435; A. 08 Ai. | Acrogaster, 427 | Alepocephalidae, 394 | Acipenseridae, 318 Acipenseroidei, 315 | derodus, 144, 146 | Acrognathus, 399 Acrolepis, 311 Acropoime, 441 Acropomatidae, 441 Acrotus, 421 Actinopterygii, 302 | actinotrichia, 273 adipose fin, 275 Aeobatis, 166 Aethelion, 371 | Aetheolepis, 336 | Agonidae, 450 Agonus, 451 Agriopus, 450 Aipichthys, 432 air-bladder, 223, 359; auditory caeca, 360 ; cal- | eified, 289 ; bony, 377 Albula, 347, 349, 363, 388 ; A. conorhynchus, 110 7., | 348 f,, 349 f,, 350 7. Albulidae, 387 _ Alburnus, 375 Alepidosauridae, 399 Alepidosaurus, 399 ; Serox, 400 f. A. Alepocephalus, 394 Aleposaurus, 394° | Alestes, 375 Aleposomus, 394 alimentary canal, 26 Allolepidodus, 331 Allotriogmathi, 475 Alopecias, 150; A. vulpes, 150 f. Alopias, 150, f. ; A. vulpes, WUT WMO He Alosa, 133 f. ; A. vulgaris, | 362 7. All the numbers refer to pages. Aluteres, 437 Ambassis, 431 Amblyopsidae, 401 Amblyopsis, 2015 Tact spelaeus, 4027. Amblypterus, 212, 311 PANINI te hae OM MOST DO Te No SATS OX oso: QhOS 2i2r- DO iss 218; 296, 302, 305 7, 316 /7., 824, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 333, 334, 342, 346, Bos, sO oy aos eal calide, llOW yes 2220s, ZAM jig DRS) Gay SD) ihe DON Vay ATW ay PME: See 276 f., 806 f., 328, 332 f., 333 f. Amlidae, 333 Amioidei, 327 Amiopsis, 334 | Amiurus, 379, 380 | Ammocoete larva. See Pe- troinyZ0n Aimmniod ytes, 403 ; A.ameri- canus, 403 7. Ammodytidae, 403 _ Ammotretis, 474 Ampheristus, 450 Amphiowus, 1, 2, 2 f., 3, 4, Fg SISO) Wa on 7. Soa AO ole OS | Amphipnoidae, 409 Amphipnous, 410 | Amphiprion, 446 Amphisile, 414: uA. tata, 414 7. Amphisilidae, 413 SCU- | Amphistiidae, 469 | Aimphistium, 469; 1. para- doxum, 470 f. amphistylic jaws, 95, 139, 144 ampullae, 19, 125 | Alticus, 458 505 Anabantidae, 422 506 INDEX Anabas, 422; A. scandens, 422 f. Anableps, 365, 400, 401 ; + A. Dovii, 401 f. Anacanthini, 478 Anapterus, 399 Anarrhichas,458; A.dupus, 459 f. Anarthrodira, 262 Anaspida, 204 Ancestrus, 468 Ancistrus heteracanthus, 385 ff. Ancylodon, 431 Anema, 456 Anguilla, 352, 367, 377, 405 ; 1. vulgaris, 404 Anguillavus, 404 Anguillidae, 405 Anguilliformes, 403 Anogmius, 388 Anomalopidae, 432 Anomalops, 432 Anoplopoma, 453 Anostomus, 420 Antennariidae, 462 Antennarius, 462 Anthius, 431 Antiarchi, 206 Antigonia, 433 aortic arches, 47, 111 Apateodus, 399 Apateolepis, 311 Apeltes, 412 Aphnelepis, 336 Aphredoderidae, 427 Aphredoderus, 427 Aphyonus, 459 Apistus, 450 Apodes, 403 Apodichthys, 458 Apogon, 430n431-Ae narus, 431 f. Apostasis, 436 Apua, 376 Aracana, 439 Arapaina, 390 Archaeobatis, 167 Archaeonemidae, 337 Archaeonemus, 337 Archaeoteuthis, 435 Archencheli, 404 archipterygium, 106 ; of Pleuracanthus, 181; of Ceratodus, 244; of Osteo- lepidoti, 282 Arctoscopus, 445 Argentina, 394 Arges, 384 Arginae, 384 Argyropelecus, 395 Sre- Ariscopus, 456 Arius, 133 7., 380 Arnoglossus, 473, 474 Arrhamphus, 403 Arripis, 431 Arthrodira, 258, 262 Arthrothoraci, 262 Asineops, 427 Aspidorhynchidae, 344 Aspidorhynchus, 344; <A. acutirostris, 344 f. Aspius, 375 Aspredinidae, 384 Aspredo, 384 Aspro, 443 Asprotilapia, 446 Asteracanthus, 144, 146; A, medius, 146 //. Asterodermus, 161 Asterolepidae, 209 Asterolepis, 207, 209, 259, 260 | Asterosteus, 262 Asthenocormus, 333 slstroblepus, 384 | Astromethes, 395 Astrope, 163 asymmetry, 469 Ateleaspidae, 203 Ateleaspis, 203 ; lata, 204 f. Ateleopus, 460 Atherina, 420 Atherinidae, 419 Atherstonia, 311 Athrodon, 340 Atypichthys, 432 Atyposomu, 432 A. tessel- | Auchenaspis, 203, 204 Auchenoglanis, 382; A. biscutatis, 379 f. auditory capsule, ossifications in, 266 auditory organ, 23 lulolepis, 397 Aulorhamphus, 436 Aulorhynchidae, 412 Aulorhynchus, 412 Aulostoma, 413 Aulostomatidae, 413 Awlostomoidei, 412 Ausoniu, 467 autostylic jaws, 95, 237 Auxis, 465 Azurina, 446 ules Lv; Badis, 445 Bagarius, 379, 382 Bagrinae, 380 Balistes, 437; B. stelluris, 438 7f.; B. verrucosus, 440 7.; B. viridescens, 438 f, Balistidae, 437 Barbus, 375; b. 353 ff. basidorsal arch, 100 basiventral arch, 100 Bathyclupea, 428 Bathydraco, 456 Bathygadinae, 481 Bathygadus, 481 Bathymaster, 431 Bathypterois, 399 Bathythrissa, 388 Bathytroctes, 394 Batrachi, 460 Batrachidae, 460 Batrachus, 460; B. 460 Bdellostoma, 35, 42 f., 46, AS Ff, 4972, 50; 51508); 88, 133 f.; B. Dombeyt, 3007, 49a eben sterti, 48 f. Belemnobatis, 161 Belone, 349, 402, 403 Beloninae, 403 Belonorhynchidae, 320 Belonorhynchus, 321 /f. vulgaris, tau, | Belonostomus, 344 Bembras, 454 Bembrops, 456 Bentenia, 464 Benthodesinus, 466 Benthophilus, 448 Benthosaurus, 399 Berycidae, 426 Beryciformes, 426 Beryx, 427 ; B. tylus, 426 f. Betta, 422 Birkenia, 204, 205, 206 ; B. elegans, 204 f. Birkeniidae, 205 Bleekeria, 456 decadac- | Blenniidae, 458 Blenniiformes, 454 Blenniops, 458 Blennius, 133 /., 458; D. gattorugine, 457 f.; B-. vulgaris, 458 f. Blepsias, 454 Boleosoma, 443 bone, 60; primary and secondary, 65, 67; car- tilage-bone, 65; mem- brane-bone, 65 ; dermal bone, 66; modified, of Teleostei, 355 ; section, 6b 75 647. bone-like tissue, of Acan- thodii, 189; of Ptera- spidomorphi, 195 Bothriolepis, 206, 207, 209 ; B. canadensis, 206 f. Botia, 376 Bovichthys, 456 Lox, 429 Brachionichthys, 462: Lrachydirus, 260, 263 brain, 18, 16 7. ; of Acti- nopterygii, 305; of Dipnoi, 245; of Elas- | mobranchii, 126; of Teleostei, 363 ; of Teleo- stomi, 277 Brama, 464 Bramidae, 464 branchia, 41, 98, 272 branchial bar, 93 branchiostegal rays, 304 breathing valves, 272 Bregmaceros, 482 Brosmius, 482 Brotula, 459 Brychaetus, 390 Brycon, 375 Bucklandium, 380 Bunocephalus, 384 Butirinus, 363, 388 Caesio, 429 Calamoichthys, 290, 291, 298 ; O.calabaricus, 301 f. Calamostoma, 415 Callichthyidae, 384 Callichthys, 384 Callionymidae, 456 Callionymus, 456 ; C. lyra, 355 f. Callomystax, 379, 383 Callophysus, 382 Callopterus, 331 Callorhynchidae, 176 Callorhynchus, 133 f., 168, NGO Ze UGre luisa. 5 CO. antarcticus, 81 /, IAL fey UME Callyodon, 447 campanula Halleri, 359 Campodus, 147 camptotrichia, 232 canal of a Selachian, lateral-line, 138 7. Cunobius, 310 Caproidae, 432 Caupros, 433 ; 433 f. Carangidae, 464 C. aper, Carangopsis, 464 Caranz, 464; ©. ferdau, | INDEX 464 f.3; C. trachiurus, 360 Carapus, 377 Carcharias, 1384, 150, 151 Carcharidae, 150 Carcharinae, 151 Carcharodon, 148, 150. Carpioides, 375 cartilage, 31, 60 ; articular, of man, 60 //. cartilage and bone, 58; substitution theory, 63 Catla, 375 Catopra, 445 Catopteridae, 313 Catopterus, 313 Catosteomi, 410 Catostominae, 375 Catostomus, 375; C. occi- dentalis, 376 f. Caturus, 329, Surcatus, 331 (f. Sppke (0b | Caulolatilus princeps, 455 f. Caulolepis, 427 Centrarchidae, 443 Centrarchus, 443 Centrina, 152 Centriscidae, 413 Centriscoidei, 413 Centriscus, 413; C. hwiner- osus, 413 f. Centrobatoidei, 163 Centrogenys, 431 Centrolepis, 312 Centrolophus, 421 Centronotus, 458 Centrophorus, 152; C. cal- ceus, 80 f. Centropomus, 431 Centroscyllium, 152 /centruin, 68, 100; astero- spondylous, cyclospon- dylous, tectospondylous, 135 ; divided, 328 Cephalaspidae, 203 Cephalaspidomorphi, 200 Cephalaspis, 200, 201 /., | 204, 209; ©. 201 f., 202 7. cephalisation, 2 Cephaloptera, 167 ; C. giov- nae, 166 f. Cepola, 431 Cepolidae, 431 Ceratias, 462 Ceratiidae, 462 Ceratodidae, 257 Ceratodus, 81, 89, 94 f., LOG POM OSs ia ei, Lyelli, 133/., 223, 224 f,, 233A, | 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 507 941, 242, 243 f, 244, 245, 247, 250, 251 /f., Lay, Hise Bitlis. Baia 258, 282; C: Forstert, 2a) f:, 234 f., 236 f., Dl ifas LA2i fae eeae hey DA Siefaiy ee 50) fe DOL 5 257 f. ; C. sturti, 240 Ceratoptera, 167 ceratotrichia, 122 cerebellum, 13 Cestracion, 80 f., 96 /f., 148, 144, 146, 147//. Cestraciontidae, 145 Cetengraulis, 392 Cetomimidae, 399 Cetomimus, 399; C. Gilli, 400 f. Cetopsis, 383 Cetorhinus, 135, 148, 150 ; C. maximus, 149 /. Chaca, 383 Chaenichthys, 456 Chaerops, 447 Chaetobranchus, 446 Chaetodon, 434; C. ephip- pium, 434 f. Chaetodontidae, 434 Chaetodontiformes, 433 Chaetostomus, 384, 385 f. Chalceus, 375 Champsodon, 423 Chaninae, 393 Channa, 422 Channolabes, 380 Chanionmuraena, 408 OChanoides, 393 Chanos, 347, 391, 393 Characinidae, 374 Characinoidei, 374 Charitosomus, 395 Chasmodes, 458 Chatoéssus, 361 f., 391, 393 Chauliodontinae, 395 Chauliodus, 394, 395 Chaunax, 462 Cheiracanthus, 192; (. Murchisoni, 189 7. Cheirodopsis, 313 Cheirodus, 313; C. granu- losus, 313 f. Cheirolepidinae, 310 Cheirolepis, 188, 307, 310, Sills Chelmo, 434 Chiasmodon niger, 423 /. Chiasmodontidae, 423 Chiasmodus, 423 Chilinus, 447 Chilobranchus, 408 Chilodactylus, 445 INDEX Ohilodipterus, 430, 431 Chilomysterus vreticulatus, 440 7. Chiloscyllium, 149 Chimaera, 128, 169, 176 ; C. monstrosa, 24 f., 110 Ys MO femal Ze fasion) Ves UG ibs LD yi Chimaeridae, 176 Chimaeropsis, 168, 176 Chimarrhichthys, 456 Chirocentridae, 390 Chirocentrites, 391 Chirocentrus, 362, 391; (. dorab, 116 f. Chirolophis, 462 Chiromystus, 391 Chironemus, 445 Chirostoma, 420 Chirothricidae, 400 Chirothriz, 400 Chlamydoselachidae, 142 Chlamydoselachus, 132, 137, 140, 142; C. anguineus, 28 faye lie Chologaster, 401 Chondrenchelyidae, 183 Chondrenchelys, 183 Chondrichthyes, 118 chondrocranium, 11 Chondrostei, 307 Chondrosteidae, 316 Chondrosteus, 317, 318, 319; C. acipenseroides, 317 f. Chonerhinus, 440 Chorinemus, 464 Chorismodactylus, 450; C. | multibarbis, 451 f. Chorisochismus, 457 Chiomis, 446 Chrysichthys, 380 Chrysophrys, 429 Chylomycterus, 440 Cichla, 446 Cichlidae, 446 Cichlops, 431 Cimolichthys, 398 circulation, branchial, Jee Maki Cirrhites, 431 Citharinus, 325, 375; C. Geoffroy, 374 f. Citharus, 474 Cladocyclus, 390 Cladodontidae, 183 Cladodus, 107, 108 f, 182, 183, 184; 128 f. Cladoselache, VST OL Hylton pies 186 /. 1. ey to | Coccolepis, 308, 509, 3 C. Neilson, | | Cladoselachidae, 187 Cladoselachii, 184 Clariallabes, 380 Claritas, 13/9.00 380); ) C- lazera, 381 f.3 Ci magur, 381 /. Clariinae, 380 clasper, 129; anterior, 174; frontal, 171 Cleithrolepis, 336 Climatius, 192; C. scutiger, 192 ff. Clinus, 458 cloaca, 114 Clupea, 326, 365, 368, 591, 393; C. alosu, 393 7. ; C. finta, 392 f.; C. harengus, 395 /. Clupeidae, 391 Clupeiformes, 386 Clupeinea, 393 Cridoglanis, 380 Cobitidinae, 376 Cobitis, 368, 375, 376 Cobitopsis, 403 Coccoderma, 290 Coccodus, 340 10, 312 Coccosteidae, 263 Coccosteomorphi dira), 258 Coccosteus, 230, 259, 260, (Arthro- | 263; (. decipiens, 260 7, | O61 7, 263 7. | Cochliodontidae, 146 Cochliodus, 146 Coelacanthidae, 290 Coelacanthini, 287 Coelacanthus, 106, 289, 290 Coelodus, 537 J., 340 Coelolepidae, 196 Coelolepis, 196 coelom, 3, 26 Coelophiys, 462 Coilia, 391, 392; C. dussu- mieri, 394 f. Colobodus, 336 | Colocephali, 407 Colocopus, 436 Columbia, 426; (. montana, 425 /. Comephoridae, 453 trais- | Comephorus, 453 Conchodus, 256 Conchopoma, 246, 256 Conger, 405; C. vulgaris, 407 /. 184, 185 /, Congrogadidae, 460 | Congrogadus, 460 | Congromuraenda, 405 Conorhynchus, 382 Copidoylanis, 380 Copodus, 167 Coregonus, 394 Coridodax, 447 Corydoras, 384 Coryphaena, 467 Coryphaenidae, 466 cosmine, 217 cosmoid scale, 217, 230 Cossyphus, 447 Cottidae, 453 Cottocomephorus, 453 Cottus, 453 ; C. gobio, 103 F., 453 f. cranial nerves, 6 Crenuchus, 375 Cricodus, 286 Cromeria, 396 Cromeriidae, 396 Crossognathidae, 393 Crossognathus, 393 Crossopholis, 317, 318 Crossopterygian, 291 Crossopterygii, 280 Crossorhinus, 149 Cryodraco, 456 | Cryphiolepis, 309, 310 Ctenodontidae, 257 | Ctenodus, 239, 240 f., 257 Ctenolabrus, 447 : | Ctenothrissa, 397; CG. vexillifer, 396 f. Ctenothrissidae, 396 Cubiceps, 421 | Cyathaspis, 195, 200 Cybium, 465 Cyclobatis, 161 Cyclopoma, 441 Cyclopteridae, 454 Cyclopterus, 365, 368, 454 Cyclostomata, 30 Cyclostome, 6 /., 7 f Cymatogaster, 446 | Cynoglossus, 473, 474 Cyphosidae, 443 Cyprinidae, 375 Cypriniformes, 371 Cyprininae, 375 Cyprinodon, 401 Cyprinodontidae, 400 Cyprinus, 375; C. carpio, 346 f., 312 f., ofOf- Cyttoides, 469 Cyttopsis, 469 Cyltus, 469 Dactylopogon, 399 Dactylopteridae, 451 Dactylopterus, 452, 453 ; D. volitans, 452 f. Dallia, 398 ; DV. pectoralis, 399 7. Dalliidae, 398 Dapedius, 334, 335 ff, } 336; D. politus, 334 f. Dapedoglossus, 390 Dascyllus, 446 ; D. aruanus, 443 f. Datnioides, 445 Deltodus, 146 Deltoptychius, 147 Dendrodus, 285 Dentex, 429 denticle, 66, 118, 168; of Teleostei, 356, 384 dentine, 119 Dercétidae, 417 Dercetis, 417 Derichthyidae, 406 Derichthys, 406 ; D. serpen- tinus, 405 f. dermal fin-rays, 109, 122, 212, 230 dermal plates of Ostraco- dermis) 195; 206) of Osteichthyes, 212 dermotrichia, 109, 122, 212, 230 Diacranodus, 183 Diagramma, 445 Dibranchus, 462 Dicentrodus, 183 Dicerobatinae, 166 Dicerobatis, 167 Dicotylicithys, 440 ; punctulatus, 441 f. Dicrotus, 466 Dictyopyye, 313; D. mac- rura, 314-f. Didymaspis, 204 diencephalon, 15 Dinichthyidae, 263 Dinichthys, 263 ; D. tnter- medius, 265 f. Dinolestes, 441 Dinopteryx, 427 Diodon, 440; D. macu- latus, 441 f., 442 f.; D. punctulatus, 440 f. Diodontidae, 440 diphycercal tail, 104 Diplacanthidae, 192 Diplacanthus, 192; striatus, 187 f., 191 f. Diplacodus, 147 Diplocrepis, 457 Diplodus, 183 Diplognathus, 263 Diplomystax, 380 Diplomystacinae, 380 D: Io), ' diplospondyly, 137 | Edestidae, 147 Diplomystes, 380 INDEX 509 Diplomystus, 393 Diplopterus, 285 Diplurus, 290 Dipnoi, 230, 366 7. ; ties, 258 Dipteridae, 256 Dipterus, 230, 231, 282 /,, | 233, 238, 239, 241 f, 242 f., 255 f., 256, 257 ; D. Valenciennesi/, 255 /. Discocephali, 448 Distichodus, 375 Ditrema, 446 ; teum, 444 f. Doradinae, 382 Doras, 383 Drepanaspis, 195, 198 ; D. gemiindenensis, 198 f. Drepanaspidae, 197 Drepane, 434 Ductor, 464 Dussumieria, 391, 392% Dysichthys, 384 Dysomma, 406 aftini- Dp: argen- Echeneididae, 449 Echeneidiformes, 448 Echeneis, 449 Echidnocephalus, 417 Echinorhinus, 151, 152 Hdestus, 147 Egertonia, 447 ege-case, horny, 152, 168 ege-shell, 50 Elasmobranchii, 125 Elasmodectes, 178 Elasmodus, 178 ; EH. Hun- | bend, Mil fe electric organ, of Raja, 161; | of Torpedo, 1625; of Gymnotus, 377; of Mala- pterurus, 385; of Mor- myridae, 388 Eleotris, 448 Hlonichthys, 311 Elopidae, 387 Elopopsis, 387 Hlops, 326, 347, 355. 387 ; E. sawrus, 345 f., 387 f. Embiotoca, 446 Embiotocidae, 446 Embolichthys, 456 Enchelicephali, 405 Enchelurus, 417 Enchelycore, 408 Enchodontidae, 398 Enchodus, 398 Engraulinae, 392 Engraulis, 391, 392 Hocottus, 453 Homyrus, 405 | Hothynnus, 465 Ephippion, 440 Ephippus, 434; L. fuber, 434 f,. Kpibulus, 447 epicentral, 353 epidermis, 25 epineural, 353 Epinnula, 466 epiphysis, 16, 24 | Hques, 431 Kquula, 445 krithrinus, 326 Krythrichthys nitidus, 350 Jing CON Fh5 BAO IF Lrythrinus, 225, 226, 360, 375; H. wnitaeniatus, 374 f. EKsocelops, 387 Esocidae, 398 Esociformes, 397 Fisox, A21, 272, 355, = 398; LH. lucius, 1 SPA EG GIA fibn BhOeT 365 f. Etroplus, 446 | Hucalia, 412 EKuchilichthys, 382 Eucrossorhinus, 149 Eugnathidae, 330 Eugnathus, 331; FE. ortho- stomus, 331 f. Huceraspis, 203, 204 Eumecichthyes, 476 | Humeda, 380 Euphaneropidae, 206 EKuphanerops, 205, 206 Euplewrogrammus, 466 Hurycormus, 328 f., 329, 331 Eurylepis, 311 Hurynotus, 313 ; natus, 218 f. Eurypharynz, 407 Eurypholis, 398 Eusthenopteron, 106, 276, 2865 29k 3299\r8 ee: Foordt, 275 f., 280 f., 282 f., 286 f. Euthacunthus 189 Euthynotus, 329, 333 E, cre- gracilis, | Hutropius, 380 excretory system, 27, 83 Exocoetinae, 403 Exocoetoides, 400 Ezxocoetus, 402, 403, 453 ; E. callopterus, 402 f. external gills, 134, 247 510 INDEX eye, 23; of Elasmobranchii, 125 ; of Teleostei, 359 eye-muscle canal, 326 eye-muscles, 5 Furnellia tuberculata, 194 Tierasfev, 364, 419; F. acus, 351 f., 418 f. 3 Ff. dentatus, 355 f. Fierasferidae, 419 tin, dorsal, 214 /. fin-ray. See radial dermal fin-ray fin - skeleton, mesorhachic, monostichous, ortho- stichous, pleurorachic, rachiostichous, rhipido- stichous, 106-8 fin, skeleton, 69, 106; conerescence, 75; con- centration, 71, 75, 105; migration, 79; of Elasmo- branchii, 127 fin-spines, 374, 424 fins, lateral-fold theory, 73 ; gill-arch theory, 73 fins, median, 32, 69, 70 7.; development of, 71 fins, paired, development and origin of, 73, 107 /.; of Elasmobranchii, 127 ; of Pisces, 106; of Acti- nopterygii, 302 ; jugular, 425 ; thoracic, 425 Fistularia, 62, 355, 412 f, 413; I’. serrata, 413 /. Fistulariidae, 413 fulera, 304 Fundulus, 401 and Gadidae, 482 Gadiformes, 478 Gadomus, 478, 479, 481 Gadopsis, 458 Gadus, 62, 71, 272, 276; BDZ COOL Pehl O es 482; G. morrhua, 221 f,, DANS Ta Oe vi ee TD 480 f., 482 /. Galaxias,398; G.truttaceus, 398 f. Galaxiidae, 398 Galeocerdo, 151 Galeoides, 421 Galeus, 151 Gambusia, 401; G. affinis, 401 7. Ganodus, 178 ganoid scale, 217 ganoine, 218 Ganorhynchus, 256 | genital Gasterosteidae, 412 Gasterosteiformes, 410 Gasterosteoidei, 411 Gasterosteus, 349, 412; G. aculeatus, 412 f.; Gs spinachia, 410 f., 411 f. Gastrochisma, 465; G. melampus, 466 f. Gastromyzon, 375, 376 Gastrostomus, 407 Gastrotoceus, 415 Gavialiceps, 406 Gazz, 445 Gempylus, 466 Gemundina Sturtzii, 180 duct, 2275 Somat Elasmobranchii, 132; of Dipnoi, 253; of Teleo- stomi, 366 genital pore, 46, 367 Genypterus, 460 Geophagus, 446 Geotria, 54 Gephyroberyx, 427 gephyrocercal tail, 355 | Gerlachia, 456 Gerres, 445 Gerridae, 445 Gigantactinidae, 462 Gigantactis, 462 Gigantopterus, 336, 337 Gobiesocidae, 456 Gobiesox, 457 Gobiiformes, 447 Gobio, 368, 375 Gobius, 115 f., 356, 448 ; G, guttatus, 447 f. gonad, 28 Gonatodus, 310; G. punc- tatus, 308 f. Gonorhynchidae, 395 Gonorhynchus, 395 ; greyi, 395 f. Gonostoma, 395 Gonostomatinae, 395 Gosfordia, 258 Grammistes, 431 gular plates, 213, 304 Gymunarchidae, 389 Gymnarchus, 363, 388, 389 Gymnelis, 459 Gymnodontes, 439 Gymnodraco, 456 Gymnotidae, 376 Gymnotus, 377, 404; electricus, 376, 377 f. Gyracanthidae, 192 Gyracanthus, 192,193; G. Murrayi, 193 f. Gyrodus, 340 Gyrolepis, 311 Gyroptychius, 285 ¥ 7. ( G. vills, of Cyclostomes, 41 ;| Gyrosteus, 317 of Pisces, 93; of Teleo- stomes, 272 gill-arch, 17; mandibular, 18; hyoid, 18 gill-rakers, 150, 248 gill-rays, 73, 123, 272 gill-slits, 17, 93, 122 Ginglysmostoma, 149; G. ctrratum, 76 f. Girardinus, 401 girdle, pectoral, 73, 75; dermal bones of, 213 ; of Teleostome, 275 girdle, pelvic, 73, 75 ; origin of, in Teleostomi, 276 ; of Actinopterygii, 302 Glanidium, 383 Glaniopsis, 376 Globulodus, 313 Glyptolaemus, 285 Glyptolepis, 280, 285; G. leptopterus, 282 f. Glyptopomidae, 285 Glyptopomus, 280, 281 /., 285; G. Kinnairdi, 284 f. Gnathonemus, 389 Gnathostomata, 58 Gnathostome, 6 f., 7 /. Gobidae, 448 Haemulon, 445 Halec, 398 Halimochirurgus, 437 | Haloporphyrus, 482 Halosauridae, 417 Halosauropsis, 417 ; nigerrimus, 417 | Halosaurus, 417 | Haplistia, 283 Haplochilus, 401 Haplochiton, 398 Haplochitonidae, 398 Haplodactylidae, 445 Haplodactylus, 445 Haplomi, 397 Harpodon, 399 Harriotta, 173, 178; H. elegans’, — Vite jeaseeeee Raleighana, 179 f. heart, of Cyclostome, 43 ; of Dipnoi, . 2495 .of Pisces, 109; of Tele- ostei, 363 Helgia, 376 Heliastes, 446 Helicophagus, 380 Helicoprion, 147 ; H. besso- H., ll novi, 148 7. INDEX 511 Helodus, 146 Helostoma, 422 Hemerocoetes, 457 hemibranch, 94 Hemibranchii, 412 Hemichromis, 446 ~ Hemipristis, 151 Hemirhamphus, 402, 403 ; H. brasiliensis, 402 f. Hemirhynchus, 467 Hemitripterus acadianus, 447 ff. Heptanchus, 76f., 95, 987, 139 7, 140 7, 142, 143 ; H. cinereus, 157,138 /. ; H, indicus, 142 f. Heptanema, 290 Heros, 446 Heterobranchus, 380 heterocercal tail, 101, 104 Heterodonti, 143 Heterodontus, 128, 133 7, 143, 144, 145, 146; WH. Philippi, 80 f., 96 f., 147 /. Heterolepidotus, 331 Heteromi, 416 Heterophthalmus, 432 Heterostraci, 195 Heterotis, 390 Hexagrammidae, 453 Hexagrammus, 453 Hexunchus, 186 f., 142, 143 Hierichthys, 460 Himantolophus, 462 Hippocampidae, 415 Hippocampus, 415 f. Hippoglossus, 474 Histichthyes, 476 Histiocephalus, 450 Histionotus, 336 Histiophoridae, 467 Histiophorus, 468; H. pul- chellus, 468 f. Histiothrissa, 393 Holacanthus, 434 holobranch, 94 Holocentrum, 356, 427 Holocephali, 168 Holophagus, 290 ; H. gulo, 287 f. Holopteryx, 427 Holoptychiidae, 284 Holoptychius, 280, 285; H. Andersoni, 281 f. ; H. Flemingi, 284 f. Holostei, 321 Holurus, 311 Homaloptera, 375, 376 410, 411, 140, Homalopterinae, 376 Homea, 51; H. Stouti, 48 f. homocereal tail, 101, 104 Homosoma, 421 Homosteidae, 263 Homosteus, 263 ; H. milleri, 265 f. Hoplichthyidae, 454 Hoplichthys, 454 Hoplognathidae, 431 Hoplognathus, 431 Hoplopteryz, 427; H. lewesiensis, 427 f. horny teeth, 31 Hybodus, 97, 143, 144, 146; H. subcarinatus, 1467. Hydrocyon, 325, 375 Hyodon, 389, 390 Hyodontidae, 389 hyostylic jaws, 95 Hypnos, 162, 163 hypocentrum, 328 hypochordal fin, 101, 104 hypoglossal muscles, 11 ; nerve, 11 Hypophthalmichthys, 375 hypophysis, 18, 39 Hypoptychus, 403 Hypostomides, 416 Hypsocormus, 333 ; H. in- signis, 331 /. hypural, 353 Hysterocarpus, 446 Icelus, 453 Ichthyoborus 226 f. Ichthyodectes, 391 ichthyopterygium, 73 Ichthyotomi, 180 Ichyodus, 178 Icichthys, 421 Icosteidae, 421 L[costeus, 421 Idiacanthus, 395 ; I. ferow, 395 f. Ilyophys, 405 infundibulum, 12, 16 interdorsal arch, 100 interorbital septum, 169 ; in Holostei, 324, 390, 398, 478 interventral arch, 100 Ipnops, 399 Tschnacanthus, 190 f., 192 isopedine, 217 Isospondili, 386 Tsurichthys, 465 niloticus, | Lamna, Janassa, 167, 168 jaws, 18 ; of Pisces, 95 ; of Dipnoi, 237; of Teleo- stomi, 266 ; of Teleostei, 349 Jordania, 453 Joturus, 420 Jugulares, 454 Julis, 447 Kathetostoma, 456 kidney, 27; of Cyclosto- mata, 45; of Dipnoi, 253 ; of Elasmobranchii, 132; of Pisces, 83 Kneria, 399 Kneriidae, 399 Krohinius, 481 Kurtidae, 468 Kurtiformes, 468 Kurtus, 468 Kyphosus, 443 Labeo, 375 Labichthys, 406 ; L. Cari- natus, 405 f. Labidesthes, 420 Labrax, 443 Labridae, 446 Labrodon, 447 Labrus, 447; latus, 444 f. Labyrinthici, 422 Lactariidae, 445 Lactarius, 445 Lactophrys, 439 Laemargus, 126 f,, 151, 152 12 ty 160th. cornubica, 136 f., 1507. Lamnidae, 149 Lamninae, 150 Lamprididae, 475 Lampridiformes, 475 Lampris, 421, 475; L. guttatus, 406 f. Lamprogrammus, 459 Lamproloqus, 446 Lanarkia, 195, 196 ; spinosa, 197 f. Lasaniidae, 205 Lasanius, 204, 205, 206 lateral line, in scales and plates, 219 lateral-line system, 19 ; of Elasmobranchii, 125 ; of Osteichthyes, 220 lateral-plate mesoblast, 3 Lates, 443 Latilus, 431 Latrididae, 445 L. WACU- 134, L. 512 INDEX Latris, 445 Lebiasina limaculata, 226 f. Leynonotus, 336 Lepadogaster, 364, 457: L. gouanti, 457 (f. Lepidocottus, 453 Lepidoleprus, 82 Lepidopus, 466 ; L. cwuda- tus, 467 f. Lepidosiren, 89, 117, 250, 233, 244, 247, 250, 253, 258 ; L. paradoxa, 243 f., DAG i 2onepageenl Je Lepidosirenidae, 258 Lepidosteidae, 344 lepidosteoid scale, 218 Lepidosteoidei, 340 Lepidosteus, 84 f., 89, 947,, WOT fi WO iiop LUZ Gee 133 f., 213 f., 214, 224, 270, 272, 277, 278, 296, 298 f., 302, 324, 326, 327, 340, 342, 344, 356, 366 f., 367 7., 368, 369 ; LL. osseus, 215 f., 219 Ff, O77 f., 314 f., 342-f,, | 343 f.; L. viridis, 341. lepidotrichia, 212, 273, 322 Lepidotrigla, 450 Lepidotus, 335, 336, 343 ; L. minor, 335 f. Lepomis, 443 Lepophidium, 460 Leptecodon, 398 Leptobarbus, 375 Leptocephalus, 388, 404 Leptoderma, 394 Leptolepidae, 371 Leptolepis, 371 Leptopterygius, 457 — Leptoscopidae, 456 Leptoscopus, 456 ; L.macro- | pygus, 456 f. Leptosomus, 399 Leptotrachelus, 417 Leuciscus, 375 ; L. cephalus, DON Vie 3 Ihe OMI Libys, 290 Lichia, 464 LTinophryne, 462 Liocetus, 462 Liodesmus, 334 Liparis, 464; L. Dennyi, | 454 ff. Liparops, 454 Lipogenyidae, 417 Lipogenys, 417; L. Gillit, 418 f. Lobotes, 445 phoxinus, | 357 f.; L. rutilus, 210/f., | Lobotidae, 444 Lophiidae, 462 Lophiomus, 462 Lophius, 272, 462 Lophobranchii, 410, 414 Lopholatilus, 431 Lophotes, 476 Lophotidae, 476 Lophrostomus, 331 Loricaria, 384; L. lanceo- lata, 384 f. Loricariidae, 384 Loricariinae, 384 Lota, 365, 482; L. garis, 482 f. Lucifuga, 459; L. dentatus, 460 f/. Luciocephalus, 423 Luctoperca, 443 Luciosoma, 375 Luvaridae, 467 Luvarus, 467 Lycocara, 459 Lycodes, 459 ; L. perspicil- lum, 459 f. Lycodontis, 408 Lycoptera, 371 lymphatic system, 26 vul- Macrodon, 225, 375 Macrones, 380; M. murus, 373 f. Macropetalichthyidae, 262 Macropetalichthys, 262 | Macropharynx, 407 ; longicaudatus, 406 f. Macropoma, 289, 290; M. Mantelli, 288 f., 289 f. Macrorhamphosus, 413 Macrosemiidae, 336 Macrosemius, 336 | Macrostomias, 395 | Macruridae, 480 Macrurinae, 481 Macrurus, 479, 481; JM. australis, 481 (f. Malacichthys, 441 | Malacopterygii, 386 Malacosarcus, 424 ne- MV. | Malacosteus, 395; M. in- dicus, 395 f. | Malapterurinae, 383 | Malapterurus, 352, 383 ; M. electricus, 351 /., | 382 7., 383 /. Mallotus, 394 Malthe, 462 Malthidae, 462 Malthopsis, 462 Marcusenius, 389 Mastacembelidae, 478 Mastacembeliformes, 477 Mastacembelus, 478; M. argus, 478 f. | Maurolicus, 395 Medialuna, 443 medulla oblongata, 13 Megalichthys, 280, 285; | Al. Hibberti, 217 f. Megalops, 363, 387 Megalurus, 334 Melanocoetus, 462 Melanostigma, 459 Menaspidae, 180 Menaspis, 180 Mene, 464 Menidia, 420 Merluccius, 482 Merlucius, 121; M. vul- garis, 121 f. Mesacanthus, 192 ; Mitchelli, 192 f. mesencephalon, 14 Mesiteia, 149 Mesodon, 337, 340; macropterus, 339 f. Mesolepis, 313; M. sca- laris, 312 f. mesonephros, 27, 45, 86 Mesoprion, 431 Mesturus, 337, 338, 340 ; M, leedsi, 338 f. metanephros, 27, 87 metencephalon, 13 Micracanthus, 423 Microbrachius, 209 Microdon, 337 f., 340 | Micropterus, 443 | Microstoma, 393 Mioplosus, 443 Misgurnus, 365, 376 Mitsukurina, 150 | mixipterygium, 129 Mola, 441 Molidae, 440 Mollienesia, 401 Molva, 482 Monacanthidae, 437 Monacanthus, 487; chaerocephalus, 439 f. Monocentridae, 428 | Monocentris, 428 ; japonicus, 428 f. Monocirrus, 445 Monopterus, 409 ; M. java- nensis, 409 f. Mordacia, 54 Moringua, 405 | Mormyridae, 388 | Mormyrinae, 389 | Mormyrops, 389 M. M. M. M, INDEX 513 Mormyrus, 389, 390; M. oxyrhynchus, 388 f. Morone, 431 Motella, 482 mouth, 18, 67 Moxostoma, 375 mucous glands, 50 Mugil, 356, 420 ; cephalus, 420 f. Mugilidae, 420 Mugiliformes, 419 Mullidae, 429 Mulloides, 429 Mullus, 429 Muraena, 408 ; M. picta, 408 7. Muraenidae, 408 Muraenolepidae, 483 M. Muraenolepis, 352, 479, 483 muscles, 3; of eye, 5; epibranchial, 6 ; hypo- branchial, 5; trapezius, 6 Mustelus, 94 7., 134, 151 ; M. antarcticus, 111 /., 115 f.; MM, laevis, 20 7., 68 7. myelencephalon, 13 Myliobatidae, 165 Myliobatinae, 165 Myliobatis, 128, 166; M. aquila, 166 f. Mylostoma, 263; M. vari- abilis, 264 f. Mylostomidae, 263 myodome, 326 myotome, 2 Myriacanthidae, 176 Myriacanthus, 172, 176, 177 f., 178 f., 180 Myriolepis, 311 Myripristis, 427 Myroconger, 408 Myrus, 405 Myzine, 35, 42 f., 46, ASM fu Od Moor foal. glutinosa, 33 f., 35 f., 44 7.,477., 50/7. Myxinidae, 51 Myxinoidea, 46 Myxus, 420 Nandidae, 445 Nandus, 445 Nannoglanis, 382 Narcine, 161, 163 Naseus, 436 Naucrates, 464 ; NV. ductor, 353 ff. Nealotus, 466 Necturus, 11 Nedystoma, 382 Neencheli, 405 Nematonotus, 399 Nematoptychius, 310 Nemichthyidae, 406 WNemichthys, 406 Nemopteryx, 482 Neoborus, 375 Neobythites, 459 Neoceratodus, 258 Neochanna, 398 WNeopercis, 456 Neorhombolepis, 331 Neosilurus, 380 nephridia, 27 Nerophis, 415 nerve-components, 19, 22 J. 3 acustico-lateral, 19 ; general cutaneous, 21 ; general splanchnic, 21 ; somatic motor, 21 ; splanchnic motor, 21 ; splanchnic sensory, 21 nerve-roots, 2, 4 nerve supply, 78 f. Nettastoma, 405 nictitating membrane, 151 Nomeus, 421 Nostril, median, 39 ; paired, 82 nostrils of Elasmobranchs, 125; of Dipnoi, 241; of Osteichthyes, 227 Notacanthidae, 418 Notacanthiformes, 416 Notacanthus, 418; analis, 418 f. Notagogus, 336 Notelops, 387 Notidani, 139 Notidanidae, 143 Notidanus, 140,142 7., 143 ; N. cinereus, 76 f. notochord, 1, 68, 97 notochordal sheaths, 97, 273 Notoglanis, 382 Notogoneus, 395 Notopteridae, 389 Notopterus, 390; N. kapi- rat, 389 f. Notothenia, 456 Nototheniidae, 456 Novacula, 447 IN. 31, occipital region, 11 occipito-spinal nerves, 12 Odax, 447 Odaxothrissa, 393 Odontaspis, 150 Odontostomus, 399 Ocenoscopus, 337 Ogcocephalus, 462; O. ves- pertilio, 461 f. olfactory organ, 23 Oligopleuridae, 337 Oligopleurus, 337 Oncobatis, 161 Onirodes, 462; O. glome- rosus, 462 f,. Onychodontidae, 286 Onychodus, 286 operculum, 169, 223 | Ophichthys, 405 Ophidiidae, 460 Ophidium, 460 Ophiocephalidae, 422 Ophiocephalus, 422; O. striatus, 421 f., 422 f. Ophiodon, 453 Ophiopsis, 336 Opisthocentrus, 458 Opisthognathus, 431 Opisthomi, 477 Opisthomyzon, 449 Opisthoproctus, 394 ; soleatus, 406 f. Opsanus, 460 Oracanthus, 192, 193 Orectolobinae, 149 Orectolobus, 149 Orestias, 401 organs, urinogenital, 84 /. Orodus, 146, 147 Orthacanthus, 183 f. Orthacodus, 150 Orthagoriscus, 441 Osmeroides, 387 Osmerus, 365, 367, 369, 394 Osphromenidae, 422 Osphromenus, 422 ; olfax, 423 f. Ostariophysi, 371 Osteichthyes, 210 Osteoglossidae, 390 Osteoglossum, 363, 390 Osteolepida, 280 Osteolepidae, 285 Osteolepidoti, 280 Osteolepis, 280, 299 ; macrolepidotus, 283 f. Osteorhachis, 331; O. leedsi, 329 f. Osteostraci, 200 Ostracion, 117, 439 Ostraciontidae, 429 Ostracodermi, 194, 437 otic process, 97, 189, 144 otoliths, 298, 324 33 0. 0. 0. 514 Otolithus, 431 Oxydoras, 383 Oxygnathus, 312 Oxryrhina, 150 360, 361 f, Pachycormidae, 331 Pachycormus, 333; P. heterurus, 103 /f. Pachylebias, 401 Pachyula, 382 Paecilodus, 147 Pagellus, 429 Pagrus, 429 : Palaeaspis, 199 f., 200 Palaedaphus, 256 Palaeobalistum, 340 Palaeomylus, 180 Palaeoniscidae, 309 Palaeoniscidinae, 310 Palaeoniscoidei, 309 Palaeoniscoid scale, 218 Palaeoniscus, 311 ; P. mac- ropomus, 310 f. Palaeorhynchidae, 467 Palaeorhynchus, 467 Palaeoscyllium, 149 Palaeospinax, 144, 146 Palaeospondylidae, 56 Palaeospondylus, 56, 57 ; P. Gunni, 56, 57 f. palato-basal articulation, 97, 271 Palimphyes, 465 Palmas, 297 Pantodon, 396 Pantodontidae, 396 Pantopholis, 398 Paralepis, 399 Paraliparis, 454 Paraluteres, 437 Paramyxine, 47, 48 f., 51 | Parapercis, 456 ‘ Paraphysis, 16 Parapriacanthus, 428 Parapsettus, 434 Parascopelus, 399 Paremus, 189, 190, 192 ;| P. faleatus, 191 f. Paropsis, 464 Pataecus, 458 pedicle of suspensorium, 97, 271 Pediculati, 454, 461 Pegasidae, 416 Pegasus, 416; P. natans, 416 f. | pharyngeals, Pelargorhynchus, 417 Pellonula, 391, 393 Pelor, 450 Peltopleurus, 337 INDEX Pempheridae, 428 | Pempheris, 428; P. rus- | selli, 427 f. Pentaceros, 431 Pentanemus, 421; P. quin- quarius, 420 f. Pentapus, 445 Perca, 365, 368, 443, 479 f.; P. flwwiatilis, 221 f., 442 f. Percesoces, 419 | Percichthys, 431 | Percidae, 441 Perciformes, 428 Percophiidae, 455 Percophis, 456 ; P. brasili- ensis, 455 /f. Percopsidae, 425 Percopsis, 426 | pericardium, 26 ; of Myxi- | noid, 50; of Pisces, 109 Periophthalmus, 448, 458 Peristedion, 450 ; P. mini- atum, 452 7.3; P. cata- phractum, 447 f. Petalodontidae, 167 Petalodus, 168 Petalopteryx, 336 Petrocephalus, 389 Petromyzon, 8, 9, 10, 11, LONE 25 20e fase OOo, 39 fe, Al 43 eA OO, 54, 85; P. fluviatilis, BO ey SOME, Duns OL es 55 f.; P. marinus, 31//., DAP eOL ese tOufey ODN ss 133 f. Petromyzontia, 51 Petromyzontidae, 54 Petroscirtes, 458 | Phaebodus, 183 Phago, 375 | Phaneropleuridae, 255 Phaneropleuron, 230, 233, 239 f., 255; P: Ander- soni, 256 f.; P. curtium, PENG Phanerosteon, 307, 309, 311 upper and lower toothed, 445 | Pharyngognathi, 445 Phlyctaenaspis, 260, 263 Pholididae, 458 Pholidophoridae, 336 Pholidophorus, 337 Pholidosteus, 260, 262 /,, 263; P. Friedeti, 261 f. Pholidurus, 317, 318 Pholis, 458 phosphorescent organs of Selachii, 127; of Tele- | _ ostei, 357, 394, 399 | Photichthys, 395 Photoblepharon, 432 Photonectes, 395 Phractolaemidae, 391 Phractolaemus, 391 Phractura, 382 Phycis, 482 | Phyllodus, 447 Phyllopteryx, 415 phylogeny of the Chon- drichthyes, 124 f.; of Osteichthyes, 228, 228 7, 229 7.; of Teleostei, 370; of Vertebrata Craniata, 29 | Physoclisti, 359 | Physostomi, 359 Piabucina, 375 Pictet, 336 | Pimelodus, 382 pineal eye, 24 Pisces, 93 placoid scale, | 356 Plagusia, 474 | Platax, 434 | Plating, 391 | Platycephalidae, 454 Platycephalus, 454 | Platycormus, 421 Platyglossus, 447 Platylaemus, 447 | Platypoecilus, 401 Platyrhina, 161 | Platyrhinoidia, 160 | Platysomidae, 312 Platysomus, 313 Platytroctes, 394 Plecodus, 446 Plecostomus, 384 ; P. Com- mersonii, 383. Plectognathi, 435 Plectromus, 427 Pleuracanthidae, 183 Pleuracanthodii, 180 Pleuraconthus, 107, 180, 182, 183; P. decheni, Sl 7, L829% 3 Pause adryi, 1837, W847 eee Oelbergensis, 184 7. Pleuragranma, 456 pleurocentrum, 328 Pleurogrammus, 453 Pleuronectes, 62, 472, 473, 474; P. flesus, 104 f.; P. platessa, 4707., 471 f., | ATF. | Pleuronectidae, 469 | Pleuropholis, 337 18> doe \ tia INDEX Pleuroplax, 146 Pliotrema, 143, 152, 153 Podateles, 460 Podatelidae, 460 Poecilia, 401 | Pogonias, 431; P. chromis, B61 f Polyacanthus, 423 Polycentropsis, 445 Polycentrus, 445 Polyipnus, 395 ; P. spino- sus, 358 f. | Polymixia, 427 Polynemidae, 420 Polynemus, 421 Polyodon, 303, 317, 3183. P. folium, 302 f., 316 f.. 318 f. Polyodontidae, 317 Polypteridae, 300 Polypterus, 94 7., 117, 214, 223, 224, 226, 227, 243, Pe PAED CAT PAU (a waaay | 290, 291, 293, 296 /,, 297, 298 7., 300, 305 7, 324, 350, 356, 366 /, 367 f., 368, 369, 388; By bichirs VOY fF. 201 7, | 209 fa, 200) fan eo 72, 292 fF, 293 f., 294 F., PAS) fog PRUE Hits PED) ie 301 7.; P. lapradet, 299 Ff. 300 f. Polypterini, 290 Polyrhizodus, 167,168 ; P. pusillus, 167 f. Pomacanthus, 434 Pomacentridae, 446 Pomacentrus, 446 Pomatomus, 431 Pomotis, 443 Pomozys, 443 Porichthys, 460 Portheus, 391 Priacanthus, 431 Prionotus, 450 Prionurus, 436 Pristidae, 160 Pristiophoridae, 152 Pristiophorus, 152, 153; P. cirratus, 153. Pristipoma, 445 Pristipomatidae, 445 Pristis, 71, 160 Pristiurus, 5, 75, 149 Procatupus, 400 Prochanos, 393 Prolates, 431, 441 Prolebias, 401 Promyliobatis, 165, 166 pronephros, 27, 43, 83 | Propoma, 441 Propristis, 160 Propterus, 336 | prosencephalon, 16, 245 //. | Protacanthodes pinnatus, 187 f., 192 Protantigonia, 433 Protodus, 147 Protopterus, 17, 223, 225 f., 234 7f., 244, 245, 247, 251 f,, 253, 254 ff, 258, 305, 366 £3; P. annec- tens, “281 7, 235 F:, 245 f., 249 f, 253 7, 257 f. Protosphyraend, 333 Protosyngnathidae, 412 Protosyngnathoidei, 412 | Protosyngnathus, 412° _ Prototroctes, 398 protractile jaws, 349, 375 Psammodontidae, 167 Psamimodus, 167 Psammosteidae, 198 Psammosteus, 195, 196 /., 198, 200 Psephodus, 146 Psephurus, 318 ; P.gladius, 318 f. Psetta, 474 Psettodes, 472, 473, 474; P. erumei, 473 f. Psettus, 432 5 P. argenteus, 432 f. Pseudetroplus, 446 Pseudeutropius, 380 Pseudoberyx, 393 pseudobranch, 111, 258 Pseudochromididae, 431 Pseudochromis, 431 Pseudoscarus, 447 : muricatus, 446 f. PB. | Pseudoscopelus, 423 Pseudosphaerodon, 447 Pseudosyngnathus, 415 Psilocephalus, 437 Psychrolutes, 454 Pteraclis, 464 Pteraspidae, 198 Pteraspidomorphi, 195 Pteraspis, 195, 196 f., 198, 200; P. rostrata, 199 /f. Pterichthyomorphi, 206 Pterichthys, 261 ; Milleri, 208 f. Pterois, 450; P. volituns, 450 f. Pterophryne, 462 Pteroplatea micrura, 154 f. Pteroplatea, 164; P. Valen- clennti, 164 f. 12 | Pterothrissus, 388 Pterichthys, 207, 209 Pterycombus, 464 Pterygocephalus, 458 Ptychodontidae, 165 Ptychodus, 165 ; P. decur- rens, 165 f. Ptycholepis, 331 Ptyctodontidae, 179 Ptyctodus, 180 Pycnodontidae, 337 Pycnodus, 340 Pygopterus, 307, 311 pyloric caeca, 297 tacovitzia, 456 radial, 69 Mia, WO fas (9s 38 fas MSOs IB Yie UB 75 Ways WO Veg WN Gig UES Jae batts: | VAS DSi ss elt. blanda, 120 f., 122 7, 1307.,1557.; R. clavata, 161 7., 1667. Rajidae, 160 Rajiformes, 153 Rana, 98 f., 254 f. Raniceps, 482 Ranzannia, 441 rectal gland, 137 Regalecus, 476, 477; R. glesne, 476 f. temorad, 449; R. brachy- ptera, 448 /. respiratory organs, acces- sory, 379, 409, 422 Rhachicentridae, 464 Rhachicentrus, 464 Rhacolepis, 387 Rhadinichthys, 311 Rhamphichthys, 377 Rhar-phocottidae, 453 Rhamphocottus, 453 Rhamphodus, 179, 180 Rhamphognathus, 420 thamphosus, 413 eons (Al WMSaly SUSE S Tix. squatina, 79 f., 153 f. Rhineaster, 380 Rhinellus, 399 rhinencephalon, 16 Rhinobatidae, 159 Rhinobatus, 160; R.granu- latus, 79 f. Rhinochimaera, 178 Rhinochimaeridae, 178 Rhinodon, 150 Rhinodontinae, 150 Rhinoptera, 167 ; R. polyo- don, 167 f. 516 Rhinoraji, 159 Rhipidistia, 284 Rhizodontidae, 285 Rhizodopsis, 286 ; sauroides, 286 7. Rhizodus, 286 Rhodeus, 368, 375 Rhodichthys, 459 Rhomboidichthys, 474 Rhombosolea, 473 Rhombus, 474; R. mus, 471 f. Rhynchobatus, 160 7.; R. djeddensis, 76 f., 159 f. Rhynchobdella, 478 Rhynchodus, 177 f., 180 Rhynchorhinus, 405 rib, pleural and dorsal, 68, 101 Rita, 380 Rohteichthys, 375 Rondeletia, 399 Maxt- Saccarius, 462 Saccobranchus, 379, 380; S. fossilis, 382 7. Saccopharyngidae, 407 Saccopharynx, 407 Sagenodus, 257 Salamandra, 254 f. 