None
Alkali metals, comparative table of. 391 Decomposition of water by. 383, 384 Double halides of 388 Halidesof 388 Halides of, heats of formation of. 388 Hydroxides of 385, 386 Oxides o? 385 Properties of 384, 385 Relations of 383 Sulphhydrates of 386 Sulphides of 386 Alkaline earths, carbonates of. 415, 416 Chlorides of 414* Comparison of properties of ... 412 Metallurgy of 411 Oxides and hydroxides of. 412, 413 Sulphates of 416, 4}7 Table of 411 Allotropism 48 Alloys 249,250 Aluminium, basic sulphates of ... 340 Halides of 336, 337 Halides, double salts of 337 Hydroxides of 30, 338 Occurrence of 333 Phosphates of ........ 340 Preparation of 333,334 'Properties of 334 Trichloride 336 Trichloride, molecular weight of. 336 jTrioxide 338 Trisulphide 341 Alum 339,340 Amalgams 191 Amido group 298 Ammonia, decompos'n of, by chlorine, 63 History of 182 In atmosphere 170 Preparation of 183, 184 Properties of i. 185 Solubility of I ... 187 > Table of compounds of 263 Volumetric composition of. 185, 186 Ammonia liquor 184 Ammonia-soda process 390 Ammonium amalgam 191 Carbamate 298 Carbonate 298 Cyanate 298 Chloride 188,189 Molybdate. 452 Nitrate 188 Phospho-molybdate 454 Sulphate 188, 189 Chloride, vapor density of .... 189 Ammonium salts, Decomposition of 184, 189, 190 Formation of 189, 190 Ammonium salts, nature of .... 189 Occurrence of 182 Table of 263 Anatas 438 Anglesite 320, 417 Anhydrides. 14, 22, 25, 26, 30, 95, 130, 131 Conversion to acids. 115, 116, 117, 178 Valence in 115 Anhydrite 417 Antimonic acids 255 Antimonous acids 254 Antimony, acids of 254, 255 Alloys of ,.. 249-251 Basic salts of. 253 Double salts of 253 Halides of 252 History of 248 Metallurgy of 248 Occurrence of 248 Oxides of 254 Pentachloride 181, 253 Antimony, pentasulphide of .... 256 Pentoxide 254 Properties of 248, 249 Sulphides of 255, 256, 264 Tetroxide .' 254 Tribromide 252 Trichloride. 181, 249, 252, 253, 263 Trifluoride 252 Tri-iodide 252 Trioxide 249,254 Trisulphide 255 Apatite 211,418 Arragonite 416 Arsenates 242, 247 Arsenic acid, oxidizing action of 242, 243 Salts of. 241 Table of 247 Arsenic, halides of 238, 239 History of 234 Metallurgy of 235 Occurrence of 234 Properties of 235 Table of acids of 247 Table of oxides of 247 Table of sulphides of. 539 Arsenates Arsenites 241-217 Arsenopyrite 2<*4 Arsine, preparation of 236 Properties of 236,237 Artificial ice 187 Atmosphere, the, ammonia in 170 Carbon dioxide in 167, 168 Composition of, history of .... 165 Pressure of 170, 171 Pressure of, measurement of . 171, 372 Quantitative composition of ... 166 Relation of, to life 174 Solids in 170 Specific gravity of 173 Water vapor in 169 Atomic heats of compounds, rela- tions of 353,354 Atomic heats of elements, relations of 352-354 Atomic hypothesis, the ... 4, 6, 347 Atomic volumes, relations of . 365-367 Atomic weights, absolute 7 Determination of 349-361 Maximum 73,349 Of oxygen family 106 Standard of 7 Table of 8 Auric chloride 408 Hydroxide 408 Oxide 408 Sulphide 409 Aurous-auric oxide 406 Chloride 408 Aurous chloride 408 Cyanide 409 Sulphide 409 Avidity of acids . . • . . .Ill, 142, 113 Avogadro 70 Avogadro's hypothesis, 71, 72, 73, 348 349, 360 Azoimid 193, 194 Barium, isolation of 412 Properties of 412 Carbonate 292^415,416 Chlorate 420 Hydroxide . . . . • 413 Nitrate 420 Oxide 413 Permanganate 466 Sulphate 416,417, Superoxide ill Barite 417 Barometer, height of 171 History of 170 Variations of 173 Barytocelestine 417 14,25,26,30,31,177 Neutralization of 375-377 Relative strength of 377 Beauxite 333,334 Benzine 279 Beryll 307 Beryllium> isolation of 411 Properties of 412 Carbonate 415 Chloride 414 Hydroxide 413 Oxide 413 Sulphate 416,117 Berzelius M Bismite 257 Bismuth, alloys of 258 Basic halides of 258 Halidesof 259 Metallurgy of 257 Native 257 Occurrence 257 Oxides of 259 Properties of 258 Salts of 260, 261 Hydroxide 259, 260 Monosulphide 261 Monoxide 259 Nitrate 260 Nitrate, basic 260 Pentoxide 259 Subnitrate (see basic nitrate). Sulphate 261 Telluride 257 Tetroxide 259 Tribromide 258 Trichloride 258 Trifluoride 258 Tri-iodide 258 Trioxide 257, 259 Trisulphide 257,261 Bismuthinite 257 Blast furnace, construction of ... 473 Changes in 474 Borax . 328, 331 Berates, ortho-, meta-, and tetra- . . 331 Occurrence of 328 Boric acid, occurrence of 330 Ortho- and meta 331 Properties of 331 Borocalcite 328 Boron, acids of 329 Occurrence of 328 Preparation of 328 Properties of 329 Hydride 329 Nitride 332 Oxy-chloride 332 Phosphate 331 540 INDEX. Boron, trichloride 329 Trifluoride 329 Trioxide 330 Boron family, elements of 326 Oxides of elements of 326 Valence of elements of . . > . . 326 Halidesof ' . . 327 Braunite 460 Bromides, formation of 82 Bromine, hydrate of 80 Occurrence of 79 Oxy-acids of 129, 130 Preparation of 79, 80 Properties of 79 Monochloride 132 Water 80 Brookite 438 Butane (see diethyl). Bunsen burner, the 283 Cadmium, alloys of 428 Metallurgy of 427 Occurrence of 426 Properties of 424 Carbonate 429 Chloride 429 Hydroxide 428 Oxide 428 Sulphate 429 Sulphide 430 Calcite 292,416 Group of minerals 416 Calcium, isolation of 412 Properties of 412 Carbonate 292, 413, 415, 416 Carbonate, primary 418 | Chlorate 125,420 Chloride 414,420 Dimanganite 465 Hydroxide 30, 44, 413 Hypochlorite 122, 123 Oxide 413 Phosphate 212,418 Phosphate, primary .... 229,418 Phosphate, secondary . . . 230, 418 Phosphate, tertiary 229 Silicates 420, 421 Tungsten 445 Calcium and magnesium carbon- ate 292,416 Calomel (see mercurious chloride). Carbamic acid 298, 299 Carbon, allotropic forms of . . 269-273 Amorphous 272,273 Halidesof 285,286 Hydrogen compounds of . . 274-284 Hydrogen compounds of, table of . 279 .Nitrogen compounds of ... 294-299 Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen com- pounds of 297-299 Nitrogen and oxygen compounds of, table of . 299 Occurrence of <;69 Oxides of 286-291 Table of compounds of 319 Carbonates 291 Natural, table of 292 Primary and secondary . . .- 291, 292 Carbon dioxide . 22 Changes in atmosphere . . . 167, 168 History 289 In atmosphere 166-168 Preparation 290 Properties 290,291 Carbon disulphide 95, 292 Carbonic acid, meta- 291, 299 Ortho 285, 286 Carbonic acids 267 Carbon monoxide 286 Preparation 286, 287 Properties 287 Poisonous action 288 Tetrabromide 286 Tetrachloride 75, 285 Carbon family, acids of 267 Elements of, comparison of ... 265 Hydrogen compounds of . . 265, 266 Hydrogen compounds of, table of . 266 Oxides of 267 Oxides and acids of, table of ... 268 Sulphides of, table of 268 Table of compounds of 325 Carbonyl chloride . . . .288, 289, 298 Cassiterite 312,438 Cavendish 27, 36, 165 Celestine 417 Cement 414 Cerium, compounds of 439 Halidesof 440 Occurrence of 439 Oxides of 440 Cerussite 320 Chalcedony 304 Chalcocite 397 Chalcopyrite 91, 397 Charcoal 273 Chemism 10 Chlorates, formation of 124 Properties of 125 Chlo-rauric acid 409 Chloric acid 119 Decomposition of 126 Properties of 126 Chlorides, conversion of, into oxides 112 Formation of 76, 77 Formulae of 63, 64 INDEX. 541 Chlorides, valence of elements in . . 109 Of sulphur 156 Chlorine, action on hydrogen com- pounds 63 Bleaching action 64 Combustion in 63 History of 58 Occurrence 58 Oxides of 119,120 Oxidizing action of 65 Oxy-acidsof 119,128 Preparation of 59, 60, 61, 62 Properties of 61, 62 Chlorine dioxide 119, 127 Hydrate 62 Monoxide ....... 115, 119, -120 Trioxide 119, 127 Water 64 Chloroform (see methiu chloride). Chlorous acid 119 Chlor-platin amines 494 Chlorsulphonic acid 157 Chromates 449, 450, 451 Chrome-alum 447 Chromic acid 448 Chloride 447 Hydroxide 446 Oxide 446 Chromite 444 Chromites 446 Chromium, Acid chlorides of . 448, 449 Compounds of, preparation . 451, 452 Compounds of, uses , 452 Occurrence of 444 Preparation of 445 Properties of 445, 446 Chromium family, elements of . . 443 Elements of, comparison .... 443 Halides of 444 Tables of compounds of . . 443, 458, 488 Chromous chloride 451 Hydroxide 451 Chromous-chromic oxide .... 451 Chromspinell 444 Chromyl chloride 448 Cinnabar 427, 435 Clay 340 Purification of 341 Coal, formation of 168, 271, 272 Cobalt, metallurgy of 477 Occurrence of 472 Properties of 472 Sulphides of 472 Cobalt amines . . . . ^ 486 Cobaltglance 234 Cobaltic nitrate 485 Oxide 485 Cobaltite 472 Cobaltous chloride 484 Nitrate 485 Oxide 484 Sulphate 417 Sulphide 485 Columbates 441 Columbite 441 Columbium, compounds of .... 441 Occurrence of 441 Combustion 22, 23, 24 In chlorine 24 In oxygen 22, 23 Rapid and slow 23 Constancy of matter, law of . . . 2, 15 Copper, alloys of 400 Chlorides of 401,402 Metallurgy of 398 Occurrence of 397 Oxides of 401, 402 Properties of 398 Salts of 401,402 Sulphides of 404 Copper, silver, and gold, alloys of . 400 Properties of 397, 400 Resemblance to alkalies .... 396 Table of compounds of ... 409, 410 Corrosive sublimate (see mercuric chloride). Corundum 333 Crocoite 444 Cryolite 333, 334 Cupric carbonates, basic .... 403, 404 Chloride 402 Hydroxide 260, 402 Nitrate 403 Oxide 38,402 Sulphate 42, 402, 417 Sulphate, formation of ... 137, 402 Sulphide 404 Cuprous chloride 401 Iodide 401 Oxide 401 Sulphide 404 Cyanates 297,298 Cyanic acid 297,298 Cyanamide 299 Cyanides 294 Cyanogen 294, 295 Dalton, John 3, 69 Dalton's hypothesis 3 Davy 37, 58, 104 Deliquescence 43 Dialysis 305 Diamond 269, 270 Diaspor 333 Dichromates 450 Diethyl 278,279 542 INDEX. Dimethyl 278,279 Disilicates : . . 307 Dissociation 61, 351 In solution 351, 380-382 Disulphuric acid 154 Dithionic acid 155 Dolomite 292,416 Double decomposition 57 Laws of 379,380 Double salts, structure of 337 Dulong and Petit, law of ... 351-356 Dumas 38, 165 Efflorescence 43 Ekaboron 373 Elements, division of 12 Electro-negative 13,368 Electro-positive 13, 368 Number of 9 Polyvalent, compounds of . . . . 114 Prediction of 373 Relation between 17 Specific heat of, relation of ... 352 Table of molecular weights of . . 426 Electrolysis 13, 37 Energy, chemical . 10, 11, 23, 24, 46, 74, 76 Kinetic 11, 12 Potential . 10, 11 Transformation of 11 Ethane (see Dimethyl). Ethylene 280 Decomposition of 282, 283 Properties of 281,282 Structure of 280 Equations, chemical .... 16, 19, 20, 74 Equivalent quantities 141 Weights 39, 357, 358 Euxenite . . . . • 437 Faraday's law 359 Ferric acid 483 Chloride 482 Hydroxide 30, 481 Oxide 481 Sulphate 482 Sulphide 482 Ferrites 481,483 Ferrous carbonate 292,480 Chloride 479 Columbate 441 Hydroxide 29, 260, 479 Oxide 479 Selenide 103 Sulphate 42,417,479,480 Sulphide 97,480 Tantalate 441 Tungstate 445 Ferrous-ferric oxide ... 22, 438, 483 Flame, the 22, 282, 283 Flint 304 Fluorine, combustion in 55 History of 53 Occurrence of 55 Preparation of 55 Properties of , 55 Valence of 303 Fluosilicic acid, constitution of . . 303 Preparation of S02 Properties of ....... 303, 304 Formic aldehyde 167 Formulae, chemical 15, IP, 20 Structural 108, 111, 112, 113 Gadolinite . . . 437,439 Earths 437, 442 Galenite 91,320 Gallium 343, 344 Garnet 307, 333 Gases, calculation of, to standard vol- ume 172,173 Kinetic theory of 68, 69 Relation of pressure and volume of, 172 Ratio between specific gravity and combining weight of .... 68 Relation by volume 70, 71 Relation of specific gravities to mo- lecular weights of .... 72, 73 Gay Lussac 37, 68, 69, 165 Law of 68 Germanium 309, 310, 311 Chloroform 310 Dioxide 310 Disulphide 311 Monosulphide 311 Monoxide 310 Tetrachloride 310 Gersdorfite 473 Glass 420,421,422 Glucinum (see beryllium). Gold, alloys of 400 Chlorides of 408 Hydroxides of 408 Metallurgy of 399, 400 Occurrence of 398 Oxides of 408 Graphite, occurrence 270 Uses 271 Greenockite 426 Guanidine 299 Guano 418 Gunpowder 391 Gypsum 417 Halhydric acids, relative stability of 53, 54, 88 Heats of formation of .... 87, 105 INDEX. 543 Halhydric acids, tables of . . 87, 105, 266 Halogens, the 53 Anhydrides and acids of .... 134 Comparison of 53, 54 Compounds with each other . 132, 133 Oxy-acids of, comparison . . 179, 384 Oxy-acids of, heats of formation of, 162 Oxy-acids of, nomenclature of . . 119 Oxy-acids of, tables of ... 119, 133 Hausmannite 460 Hematite . 472 Heptane 279 Hexane 279 Hornblende 307,333 Humboldt 37, 165 Hydrargyllite 333 Hydrated acids 131, 135 Nomenclature of 227 Hydration 131 Hydrazin 192, 193 Hydro bromic acid 80,81 Heat of formation of 87 Hydrocarbons in coal-oil .... 279 Hydrochloric acid ...... fifi, fiz. Action on metals 76 Action on oxides 76 Action on  296 Hydrofluoric acid 56, 57 Structure of 303 Hydrogen 27 Combustion of 35 Diffusion of 34 History of 27 Nascent 137, 207 Occlusion of 34 Occurrence of 27 Preparation of .... 28, 29, 31, 35- Properties of 33, 35 Hydrogen and oxygen, ratio between the atomic weights of ... 8, 39 Hydrogen antimonide .... 251, 263 Arsenide 236, 263 Boride 329 Hydrogen compounds of not-met- als, comparison of . 90, 176, 177, 178 Comparative tables of ... 175, 176 Decompositions of 98 Heats of formation of .... 98, 108 Structure of 108 Unsaturated 109 Valence in 108, 109 Hydrogen hy peroxide 50, 51 Oxidizfng action of 51 Hydrogen persulphide 101 Phosphides 214, 217, 263 Hydrogen, selenide 103 Silicide 301 Hydrogen sulphide 96, 100 Composition of 99 Decomposition of 98, 99 Heat of formation of 98 Preparation of ' 96, 97, 183 Reactions of 100 Hydrogen Telluride 104 Hydroiodic acid 85, 86 Heat of formation of 87 Hydroxides 29,30,43 Decomposition of, by heat .... 260 Formation of 260 Of metals and not-metals, resem- blances between 157 Hydroxyl . . 30, 31, 43, 117, 128, 131, 140 Hydroxylamin 191 Hydrochloride 192 Hyperoxides 25 Nature of 323 Hypobromous acid 129 Hypochlorites, formation of .... 121 Decomposition of 122, 123 Changes of, by heat 124 Hypochlorous acid 115, 121 Decomposition of 123 Oxidizing action of .... 123, 124 Properties of 123 Salts of 121 Hypophosphorous acid 232 Illuminating gas, formation of . 183, 282 Indium, properties of 344 Compounds of 345 lodates 132 lodic acid 130, 132 Iodine, history of 83 Oxy-acids of 130 Preparation, properties of ... 83, 84 Iodine monobromide 133 Monochloride 133 Pentafluoride 133 Pentoxide 131 Trichloride 133 Iodine — starch 50 Iridium 489, 490, 492 Iron 31 Alloys of 478 Cast, gray 474 Cast, white 474 Chemically pure 476 Metallurgy of 473, 474 Occurrence of 472 Passive 477 Properties of 476 Spiegel 475 Sulphides of 31 544 INDEX. Iron, wrought 475 Iron, cobalt, and nickel, comparison of 470 Properties of 470 Relation of, to periodic system 470, 471 Table of 488 Iron pyrites 91,472,484 Isomorphism 42, 356 Application to atomic weights 356, 357 Examples of 357, 358 Law of . 356 Kaolin 318, 333, 340 Lampblack 273 Lanthanum 437 Lavoisier 2, 15, 27, 36, 165 Law of definite proportions . . 3, 347, 348 3Iultiple proportions .... 3, 5, 347 Lazurite 397 Lead, metallurgy of 320 Occurrence of 320 Oxides of 322 Properties of 321 Red oxide of 324 Salts of 322 Table of compounds of 325 Acetate 323 Carbonate 323 Chloride 322 Chromate 322, 444, 450 Dioxide 323 Hydroxide 322 Monoxide 322 Molybdate 444 Nitrate 201 Sulphate 322, 417 Sulphide 91,324 Tungstate 445 Le Blanc soda process .... 389, 390 Leucite 307 Light, chemical action of ... 406, 407 Ligroine 279 Lime (see calcium oxide). Limonite 472 Magnesite 416 Magnesium, isolation of 412 Properties of 412 Magnesium-ammonium arsenate 419, 420 Phosphate 419 Magnesium carbonate .415 Chloride 61, 415 Hydroxide 29, 76, 413 Oxide 413 Phosphate 419 Pyrophosphate 419 Secondary phosphate 419 Magnesium, sulphate .... 416, 417 Magnetite 472,483 Malachite 397 Manganates 465 Manganese, alloys of 460 Compounds of 460, 469 Occurrence of 459, 4GO Oxides of 460 Properties of 460 Relation of compounds of .... 468 Relation of, to periodic system . . 459 Tables of compounds of ... 468, 469 Manganese dioxide 19, 20, 25, 60, 79, 84, 460 Chemistry of 460, 463 Hydroxides of 465 Occurrence of 460, 463 Manganite 460, 462 Manganites 465 Manganic alum 463 Chloride 462 Hydroxides 462 Oxide 460, 462 Sulphate 462 Manganous carbonate 462 Chloride 461 Hydroxide 461 Oxide 460 Sulphate 461 Sulphide 462 Manganous-manganic oxide 460, 461, 4.63 Markasite 91, 472 Marsh gas (see methane). Mass action, laws of 378, 379 Melaconite 397 Mendelejeff 361,373 "Men dele Jeff's table of the periodic system 371 Mercuric chloramide 434 Chloride 432, 433 Cyanide 294,435 Iodide 434 Nitrate 435 Oxide 19, 431 Sulphide 435 Mercurous chloramide .... 432, 434 Chloride 431 Iodide 434 Nitrate . . 434 Oxide 430. Sulphide 435 Mercury, metallurgy of ...... 427 Occurrence of 427 Oxides of 430 Properties of 425 Salts of 431,435 Metals, characteristics of .... 12, 13 Oxides of 14 Metaphosphoric acid .... 228,233 INDEX. 545 Methane, action of chlorine on ... 276 Occurrence of . . * 274 Preparation and properties of . . 275 Table of 279 Volumetric composition of .... 276 Methin 277 Chloride 277 Methyl 277 Methyl chloride 277 Methylen 277 Methylen chloride 277 Meyer, Lothar 361, 367 Mica 307 Millerite 473 Minium 324 Mitscherlich 356 Mixtures 5 Moissan 55 Molybdates 453,454 Molybdenites 444,452 Molybdenum, acids of 453 Halidesof 453 Hydroxides of 453 Occurrence of 444 Oxides of 452 Preparation and properties of . . 446 Sulphides of 454 Molybdenum dioxide 452 Disulphide 444 Monoxide 452 Pentachloride 453 Molybdic acids 453 Molybdite 444 Molecular weights, determination of 349 Molecular weights of gases . . . 72, 73 Molecules 9 Endothermic and exothermic . . 12 Stability of 11 Muscovite 333 Nascent action 51, 137, 207 Neutralization, laws of .... 375-382 Relation to dissociation . . . 381, 382 Neutralization of acids, heat of . 143, 376 375 Laws of 375, 377 Nickel, alloys of 478 Cyanides of 487 Metallurgy of 477 Occurrence of 473 Properties of 478 Sulphate 417 Sulphides of 473 Nickelous chloride 487 Cyanide 487 Hydroxide 486 Niobium (see columbium). Nitrates, decomposition of 208 Formation of 204,208 Nitric acid, anhydride of 202 History of 203 Preparation of 204 Production of 202, 203 Properties of 205,206 Reduction of .... 183, 198, 199, 207 Saltsof 208 Nitric bxide, oxidation of . . 198, 200, 201 Preparation of 198, 199 - Properties of 200 Nitrites 208 Nitro group 147 Nitrogen, acids of 195 History of 163, 164 In atmosphere 166 Occurrence of 164 Oxides of 180, 195 Preparation of 164 Properties of 165 Nitrogen dioxide 198,201 Formation of 202 Properties of 202 Nitrogen oxides, heats of formation of 210 Table of 209 Nitrogen pentoxide 202 Trichloride 180 Trioxide 147, 148, 201 Nitrogen family, comparison of mem- bers 176 Halides of, comparison of . . 180, 181 Halides of, table of 263 Hydrogen compounds of 176, 177, 263, 266 Oxides of, comparison of . . 180, 263 Sulphides and sulpho-salts, table of, 263, 264 Table of atomic weights of . . 175, 262 Table of hydrogen compounds of . 175 218, 263 Table of oxides and acids of, 179, 263, 264 Table of properties of ... 175, 262 Table of specific gravities of vapors of 262 Valence in oxides of 115 Nitrosyl-sulphuric acid, decomposi- tion of 148 Formation of 147 Nitrous oxide 196 Composition of 197 Effects of 197, 198 Preparation of 196 Properties of 196, 197 Not-metals, characteristics of . . 12, 13 Oxides of 14 Occlusion of gases 34 Oligoclase 308 546 INDEX. Olivin 307 Orpiment 234 Orthoclase 308 Ortho-phosphoric acid . . . 229,233 Salts of 229 Osmium 489 Dioxide of 492 Oxides of 490 Osmosis 305 Osmotic pressure 306 Osteolite 211,418 Oxide of manganese, black (see man- ganese dioxide). Oxides 21,24 Oxides, classification of 25, 26 Formulae of, and valence of . 112, 113 Nomenclature of 26 Valence in 110 Oxygen 18 Combustion in 22 Discovery of 18 In atmosphere 166 Occurrence of 18 Preparation of 18, 19, 20 Properties of 21 Oxygen family, atomic weights of . 106 Comparative table of 105 Comparison of 89, 90 Hydrogen compounds of, 89, 90, 105, 266 Melting points of 105 Oxides and oxy-acids of 135 Specific gravities of 105 Specific gravities of gases .... 105 Valence in oxides of 115 Oxy-hydrogen blow-pipe .... 36 Ozone 47 Composition of 48 History of 47 Oxidizing action of .... 50, 51, 52 Preparation of 47, 49, 56 Properties of 49 Palladium 33, 489, 490 Cyanide 489 Dioxide N . . 492 Palladium-hydrogen 33,207 Pentathionic acid 155 Pentane 279 Pentlandite 473 Pentoxide of iodine ..... 130, 131 Nitrogen 203 Phosphorus 22 Perchlorate of potassium, Decomposition of 125 Formation of 125 Properties of 126 Perchloric acid 119 Properties of 120 Per-iodates 132 Per-iodic acids 130 Hydrated 131 Periodic system , the .... 361-374 Arrangement of 362, 363 Relations of atomic volumes to 365, 366 Relations of families in 364 Relations of halides to ..... 370 Relations of hydrides to 370 Relations of oxides to ... 370, 372 Relations of valence to 369 Permanganic acid 466 Anhydride 460, 466 Petroleum 279 Ether 279 Phlogiston 18,27 Phosgen (see carbonyl chloride). Phosphates, ortho, meta, and pyro . 228 229, 231 Phosphine, liquid 217 Preparation of 214 Properties of 215, 216 Volumetric composition of .... 215 Phosphites 227 Phosphonium compounds . . . 216, 215 Iodide 217 Phosphorescence 213 Phosphoric acids, 95, 214, 220, 221, 224, 226 Nomenclature of 222, 226 Oxidation of 225 Reactions of 226 Salts of 225 Phosphorus, acids of, table of ... 233 Allotropic forms of . 212 Halides of, table of 219 Halides of", reactions of 220 History of 211,212 Hydrogen compounds of .... 214 Occurrence of 211 Oxidation of 214 Oxides of, table of .... 223, 231, 233 Oxy-halides of 221 Poisonous action of 213 Red 213 Yellow 213,214 Phosphorus oxybromide 221 Oxychloride 221 Pentabromide 219, 220 Pentachloride . . . 181~ 219, 220, 263 Pentafluoride 219, 220 Pentasulphide 95 Pentoxide 22,214,223 Tribromide 81, 219, 220 Trichloride . . 75, 81, 181, 219, 220, 263 Trifluoride 219 Tri-iodide 85,219 Trioxide 223 Trisulphide 95 INDEX. 547 Photography 406 Pitchblende A. . . 445 Plaster of Paris 418 Platinic chloride 492,493 Platinous chloride 495 Platinum, cyanides of 489 Dioxide of 492 Oxides of 490 Platinum group, comparison of . . 489 Cyanides of 489 Halidesof 491 Occurrence of 491 Properties of 490, 491 Utensils of 495 Plumbago (see graphite).. Polysulphides 155, 386 Structure of 387 Porcelain 341 Potassium 30 Bromate 129 Brom-aurate 409 Chlorate 20, 120 Chlorate, formation of 124 Chlorate, decomposition of ... 125 Chlor-aurate 409 Chlorite 120 Chromate 449,465 Bichromate 450 Ferricyanide 297 Ferrocyanide 296 Fluosilicate 304 Hydroxide 30, 43, 387 Hypobromite 129 Hypochlorite .... 120, 121, 122, 123 Hypochlorite, decomposition of, by heat 124 Hyponitrite 208 Iodide 50 lodo-aurate 409 Manganate 465 Nitrate 391 Pentamanganite 465 Permanganate 467, 468 Permanganate, decomposition of . 467 Permanganate, oxidizing action of, 467 Perchlorate 120, 125, 126 Sulphides 386,387 Uranate. 457 Precipitate, red 18, 19 Priestley 18, 27, 182, 196, 201 Primary salts, change to secondary, 140, 152 Prince Rupert's drops 422 Pyrolusite 460 Pyr ©phosphoric acid . . . . 231, 233 Pyrosulphuric acid (see disulphuric acid). Quartz 304 Raoult .350 Raoult's Law \ 350, 351 Reactions, endothermic and exother- mic 12 Realgar 234 Recrystallization 41 Reinite 445 Rhodium 489 Cyanides of 489 Dioxide of 492 Oxides of 490 Rutile 438 Saltpetre, Chile 204, 390 Salts, formation of ... 25, 30, 32, 77, 78 Acid and neutral 140 Basic 252 Primary and secondary HO Reactions of 141 Scandium, chemistry of 437 Predicted properties of ... 373, 437 Scheele 58 Scheelite 445 Secondary salts, change to primary, 140, 152 Selenious acid 160 Selenites, primary and secondary . . 160 Selenium, allotropic forms .... 102 Dioxide of 160 History of 102 Isolation of 102 Monosulphide of 161 Occurrence of ... t 102 Properties of 103 Trioxideof 161 Siderite . ' 292, 472 Silicates, di 307 Disintegration of 340 Meta 267,307 Ortho 267, 307 Tri 308 Silicic acids, di- 307 Dialyzed 305 Meta- 304 Ortho- 304 Tri- 307 Silico-chloroform 301 Silicon, occurrence of 300 Preparation of 300 Properties of 301 Halides of 301, 302 Hydride 301 Oxides of 304 Dioxide 304 Dioxide, amorphous 304 Tetrachloride :XX),,301 Tetrafluoride 301, 302 Silver, alloys of 400 Halides of 405 Halides of, uses in photography . . 406 Metallurgy of 398, 399 548 INDEX. Silver, occurrence of . .... 398 Oxides of 405 Chloride 405 Hyponitrite 209 Nitrate 407 Sulphide 407 Slag 473 Smaltite 234,472 Sodium 29 Acetate 275 Sodium carbonate 43, 290, 291, 292, 389, 390 Preparation of 389, 390 Chloride . .... 7ft, 142 Dimolybdate 453 Hydroxide 29 Hyposulphite (see sodium thiosulphate). Metaphosphate 229 Metavanadate 441 Nitrate 204,390 Octomolybdate 453 Orthovanadate 441 Phosphate, primary 229 Phosphate, secondary 229 Pyrovanadate 441 Silicate 304 Sulphate 142 Sulphate, action of hydrochloric acid on 142 Sulphate, primary 152 Sulphate, secondary 152 Tetramolybdate 453 Thiosulphate 154,406 Trimolybdate 453 Tungstate ;• 455 ions 41 ;cific gravities of gases ... 72, 73 jpe, the 393 jpic analysis 393-395 im , the 393 Absorption 395 Sphserocobaltite 472 Spinells, the 333, 339, 438, 444, 447, 460, 481 Stannic acid, ortho Meta. 267 267 a 317 0 317 a and ft, table of 319 Stannic chloride 315, 317 Double salts with 316 Oxide 316 Sulphide 318 Stannous acid 315 .Chloride 313, 314, 433 'Hydroxide 315 Oxide 316 Sulphide 318 Status nascendi 51, 137 Steel . . . . 476 Steel, preparation of 475, 476 Stibine 49 251 Stibnite 248 Stibionyl 253 Stoichiometric quantities .... 6 Stoltzite 445 Strass 421 Strontianite 292,416 Properties of 412 Isolation of 412 Strontium carbonate 292, 416 Chlorate 420 Chloride 415 Hydroxide 413 Nitrate 420 Oxide 413 Sulphate 416, 417 Structure of hydrogen compounds, 108 Substitution 29,277 Sulphantimonites 255 Sulphantimonates 256 Sulpharsenates 245, 246, 247 Sulpharsenites 244, 245, 247 Sulphates, primary and secondary, 152, 153 Acid and neutral 152 Sulphides, formulae of 94, <J5 Formation of 100 Solubility of 100 Sulphites, change by heat 139 Sulphocarbonates (see thiocarbonates). Sulphoferrites 483 Sulphostannates 318 Sulphur, allotropic forms of .... 93 Crystalline forms of 93 Halidesof ., 156 History of 91 Isolation of 92 Occurrence of 91 Oxides and oxy-acids of ... 134, 156 Oxy- and sulpho- acids of, table . . 159 Plastic 94 Properties of 93 Rare oxides of ... ./.' ... 158 Resemblances to chlorine .... 95 Sulphur dioxide 22, 117, 134 History of 136 Occurrence of 135 Oxidation of 138 Preparation of 136, 137, 148 Properties of 137, 138 Sulphur trioxide 117, 134, 144 Preparation of 144 Properties of 144 Dissociation of 145 Sulphur family, comparison with • / chromium family 443 Heats of formation of compounds of. 162 INDEX. 549 Sulphur family, oxides and acids of 135, 162 Sulphuric acid 117 Action of, on metals 137 Chambers 149 Commercial preparation of . . 148, 149 Concentration of 150 Constitution of 145 Continuous process of manufacture of 147 Heat of solution of .... 151, 152 History of 146 Hydrated 145, 151 Hydrated, salts of 153 Hydration of 150, 151 Manufacture of 147 Properties of 150 Reduction of 136, 151 Uses of, in laboratory 152 Sulph'hydrates, formulae of .... 94 Sulphuretted hydrogen .... 96-101 Sulphurous acid 139 Change of, on heating 139 Oxidation of ,m 139 Structure of 158 Sulphuryl-chloride 138, 157 Decomposition of 115 Sun, chromosphere of 395 Superphosphates 418 .Jiymbols, chemicul 14tJLfi, 19, 20 Tantalates 441 Tantalum 441 Tellurates 161 Telluric acid 161 Tellurium 104 Occurrence of 104 Properties of 104 Dioxide 160 Disulphide 162 Trisulphide 162 Tetradymite 257 Tetrahedrite 397 Tetrathionic acid 155 Thallium 345 Chlorides of 346 Oxides of 345 Properties of 345 Sulphides of 346 Theory, dualistic 13 Thiocarbonates 293 Thionyl-chloride 157 Thionic acids, constitution of ... 156 Thiosulphates 154, 155 Thorium 439 Tin ] ' 312 Dioxide 316 Halidesof 314,315 Tin, history of 312 Hydroxides of 315 Metallurgy of 312 Occurrence of 312 Oxides of 316 Properties of 313 Sulphides of 318 Table of compounds of 319 Monoxide 316 Tin-stone (see cassiterite). Titanium 438,439 Torricelli 171 Tridymite 304 Trisilicates 308 Trithionic acid 155 Troilite 472 Tungsten 445 Acids of 455 Halides of 454, 455 Occurrence of 445 Preparation of 445 Properties of 446 Dioxide 454 Hexachloride 455 Trioxide 444, 445 Tungstic acids 455 Tungstite 445 Unsaturated hydrogen compounds, 108 Uranates 457 Uranic oxide 456 acid 457 Uranium, occurrence of 445 Oxides of 456 Preparation of Properties of Uranous oxide 4 Uranous-uranic oxide ...... 4 Uranyl 456 Chemical relations of 457 Salts of 456 Hydroxide 456, 457 Urea 298,299 Valence 107 Of elements towards chlorine . . . 109 Of elements towards hydrogen . 107, 108 281 Of elements towards oxygen ... Ill Of elements towards polyvalent ones no, 112 Law of 111,112,113,114 Relation to atomic weights . 114, 369 Varying , 115 Vanadates 441 Vanadinite 440 Vanadium, acids of 441 Chlorides of , .441 550 INDEX. Vanadium, comparison with phospho- rus and arsenic ...... 441 Occurrence of ........ 440 Oxides of .......... 440 Vitriols, the .......... 417 Vivianite ........... 211 Volumes of gases, law of combina- tion of .......... G& "Water, chemical history of ... 30, 37 Composition of, by volume . 37, 72M3 Composition of, by weight .... f 38 Crystallization of ...... 42, 43 Decomposition of, by chlorine . . 63 Decomposition of, by metals . 29, 30, 31 Energy of formation of ..... 45 Formation of ........ 34, 36 Properties of ......... 40 Quantitative composition of ... 39 Solution in .......... 41 Vapor in atmosphere ...... 169 "Waters., natural ......... 45 Pollution of ......... 45 Mineral ............ 45 Wavellite ........... 340 Witherite ......... 292,416 Wollastonite "Work Measure of Wulf enite Wurtzite ....... 307 10 11 444 426 Ytterbium Yttrium. 437 437 Zinc Alloys of .. Hydroxide of. Metallurgy of. Occurrence of. Oxide .... Properties of. Zinc blende. 32 ...... 427 . . ' . .30, 76, 428 427 426 428 428 ... 91, 344, 426 Zinc, Cadmium, Mercury, compari- son of 423, 424 Compounds of 423 Relations of, to periodic system . . 423 Specific gravities of vapors .... 426 Table of compounds of 436 Zincates 428 Zinc carbonate 429 Chloride . 76, 429 Sulphate 417, 429 Sulphide 91, 97, 430 Telluride 104 Zincite 426 Zircon 438 Zirconium, compounds of 439 Occurrence of ... . .^ . . 438 Tetrachloride v*?T . . . 439 Appendix of Laboratory Notes, 497 to 536 UNIVERSITY U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES C05fl32flDfl7. 