None
It has been found that milk, for example, may be kept for a very considerable period without putrefying, if it be boiled in a flask, the neck of which is after- wards loosely stopped with cotton wool, whilst, if the plug of cotton wool be omitted, the other conditions being precisely the same, putrefaction will set in very speedily. Perfectly fresh animal matters have also been preserved for a length of time in that state, in vessels containing air which has been passed through red-hot tubes with the view of destroying any living germs which might be present, and such substances have been found to putrefy as soon as the unpurified air was allowed access to them. The extremes of the scale of animated existence would appear to meet here. The highest forms of organised matter, immediately after death, serve to nourish some of the lowest orders of living germs, these helping to resolve the complex matter into the simpler forms of carbonic acid, ammonia, &c., which are returned to the atmosphere, the great receptacle for the four chief elements of living matter — carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. INDEX. The names of minerals are printed in italics. ABSINTHE, 745 Absolute boiling-point, 27 Absorption bauds, 331, 789 spectra, 331, 789 Acacia catechu, 712 Acenapb.tb.ene, 553 Acetacetic acid, 627 ether, 643 Acetal, 582 Acetaldehyde hydrazone, 583 Acetamide, 667 Acetamido-chloride, 668 Acetanilide, 663, 667, 668 Acetates, 592 Acetic acid, 590 anhydrous, 593 glacial, 59 1 synthesis of, 592 aldehyde, 581 anhydride, 593 chloride, 639 esters, 643 ether, 643 peroxide, 593 series of acids, 588 Acetification, 590 Acetimido-ether, 668 Acetimethylarnide, 660 Aceto-acetic acid, 626 Acetol, 626 Acetone, 625 peroxide, 626 propione, 624 Acetones, 624 Aceto-nitrile, 667, 699 Acetophenoue, 626 Aceturic acid, 675 Acetyl, 592 bromide, 639 carbamides, 671 chloride, 639 creosol, 713 dioxide, 593 hydrate, 600 hydride, 581 iodide, 639 sulphide, 593 urea, 671 vanillic acid, 713 Acetylene, 137, 537 Acetylene detected in coal-gas, 162 dichloride, 538 formed from ethylene, 144 heat of formation, 141 preparation of, 139 prepared from ether, 139 properties of, 141 series, 537 synthesis of, 137 tetrachloride, 538 Acetylglycocine, 675 Acetylides, 537 Achro-dextriu, 736 Acid, 19, 35 albumin, 750 calcium meconate, 622 chlorides, 191 egg-, 227 potassium malate, 618 racemate, 620 saccharate, 622 radicles, 94, 592 salts, defined, 104 Acids, acetic series, 593 acrylic series, 596 anhydro, 261 aromatic series, 599 basicity of, 104 benzoic series, 585, 599 classification of, 104 dibasic, 104 lactic series, 603 monobasic, 104 diatomic, 602 organic, 586 oxalic series, 612 polybasic, 104, 623 sorbic series, 599 structure of, 260 tetrabasic, 104 tribasic, 104 volatile, separation of, 598 Acidic decomposition, 644 Acidulous waters, 61 Aconine, 783 Aconitic acid, 623 Aconitine, 783 Acridine, 768 yellow, 768 Acridinium derivatives, 768 828 INDEX. Acrolein, 577, 583 Acrose, 728 Acrylic acid, 597 aldehyde, 583 series of acids, 583 Actinic rays, 172 Acyclic compounds, 526 Adapter, 139 Adipic acid, 622 Adipocere, 595 Adjacent substitution-products, 546 Adjective dyes, 683 Aerated bread, 809 JEsculetin, 744 jEsculin, 744 Affinity, coefficients of, 311 measurement of, 304 predisposing-, 312 residual, 136 After-damp, 125, 145 Agate, 276 Aich-metal, 482 Air, analysis of, by eudiometer, 44 nitric oxide, 97 phosphorus, 68 aqueous vapour in, 68, 71 atmospheric, 67 burnt in coal-gas, 152 composition of, 68 effect of combustion on, 123 exact analysis of, 69 liquid, 71 optically pure, 71 pump, 330 tested for impurity, 124 Alabaster, 367 oriental, 58 Alanine, 677 Albite, 389 Albumin of blood, 750 eggs, 749 vegetables, 750 Albuminoid ammonia, 502, 750 compounds, 748 ratio, 823 Albuminoids, 748 Albuminose, 750 Alcarsin, 655 Alcohol, 561 absolute, 563 acids, 596 amines, 666 chemical constitution of, 561 methylated, 566 properties of, 563 radicles, 565, 592 synthesis of, 561 test for, 564 Alcoholates, 564 Alcoholic fermentation, 562, 806 Alcohols, 561 aromatic, 571 boiling-points of, 565 classification of, 561 dihydric, 573 distinguished, 568 general preparation of, 569 iso, 567 monohydric, 565 normal, 567 Alcohols, polyhydric, 578 primary, 568 secondary, 568 tertiary, 568 tetrahydric, 577 trihydric, 575 unsaturated, 570 Aldehyde, 581 acids, 579 ammonia, 582 chemical constitution of, 580 condensation, 584 resin, i;82 Aldehydes, 579 aromatic, 584 constitution of, 579 general reaction for obtaining, 580 test for, 582 Aldol, 582 condensation, 583 Aid oses, 724 Aldoximes, 583 Ale, composition of, 806 Algaroth, powder of, 444 Alizarates, 720 Alizarin, 719 artificial, 720 blue, 767 bordeaux, 721 cyauine, 721 Alkali defined, 19 manufacture, 345 metals, group of, 359 waste, 347 •works, 171 Alkaline cupric solution, 619 earth metals, 372 Alkaloids, 774 Alkides, 651, 656, 657 Alkylanilines, 664 acetates, 643 benzenes, 548 Alkyl cyanurates, 704 cyanides, 699 radicles, 528 sulphates, 641 Alkylpiperidiuium iodides, 766 Alkylpyridines, 766 Alkylpyridinium iodides, 766 Alkylquiuolinium iodides, 767 Allantoin, 773 Allan turic acid, 773 Allophanamide, 671 Allophanic acid, 671 Allotropy, 118 Alloxan, 771 Alloxanic acid, 771 Alloxautin, 771 Alloys, 451 Allyl-alcohol, 570 bromide, 636 chloride, 636 cyanamide, 705 ether, 631 iodide, 636 isothiocyanate, 705 pyridine, 776 sulphide, 573 thiocyanate, 705 INDEX. 829 Allyl-thio-urea, 705 tricyanide, 623 Allylene, 538 Almond cake, 584 oil, 798 Almonds, 584 Aloes, 746 Aloin, 746 Aludels, 196, 496 Alum, 386 basic, 388 burnt, 387 concentrated, 386 shale, 387 Alumina, 388 Aluminium, 383, 385 acetate, 591 bronze, 386, 481 carbide, 145 chloride, 389 ethide, 657 ethoxide, 564 extraction, 384 fluoride, 389 group, review of, 393 hydroxide, 388 methide, 657 phosphates, 390 properties, 385 silicates, 389 silicide, 281 sulphates, 386 Alums, 234, 387 Alunogen, 386 Amalgam, ammonium, 85 electrical, 498 sodium, 85 Amalgamating battery plates, 14, 497 Amalgamation of gold-ores, 514 silver-ores, 489 Amalgams, 498 Amalic acid, 775 Amber, 560 Ambergris, 799 Ambrein, 799 Amethyst, 276 Amic acids, 667, 672 Amides, 105, 265, 658, 667 Amidines, 668 Amido-acetic acid, 674 acids, 658 amid-acids, 673 azobenzenes, 683 barbituric acid, 772 benzene, 662 sul phonic acid, 664, 679 benzoic acids, 678 caproic acid, 677 chlorides, 668 cinnamic acid, 767 dinitrophenol, 711 ethyl-sulphonic acid, 679 glyceric acid, 754 isovaleric acid, 677 malonyl urea, 772 naphthalenes, 665 nitroplieuols, 711 paraxyliue, 665 phenols, 711 phenylacetic acid, 679 Amido-phenylamidoacridine, 768 propiouic acid, 677 succinamic acid, 678 succinic acid, 678 sulphonic acids, 679 thiazole, 765 toluene, 665 Amidoformic acid, 674 Amidogen, 105 Amidoximes, 669 Amines, 658 converted into guanidines, 672 distinction between, 660 mixed, 660 Ammelide, 704 Ammeline hydrochloride, 704 Ammonia, 77 absorbed by charcoal, 115 action of chlorine on, 175 iodine on, 201 albuminoid, 502 alum, 387 bicarbonate, 356 carbonate, 356 combustion of, 83 decomposed by spark, 83 chlorine, 84 derivatives, 658 dissolution of, in water, 79 formed from nitric acid, 93 gas, dried, 79 heat of dissolution, 79 formation, 78 vaporisation, 82 identified, 79 liquefied, 82 Nessler's test for, 502 nitrification of, 87 oxidation of, 87 preparation of, 79 salts, 354 soda process, 346 solution, 8 1 sources of, 77, 78 sulphate, 355 volcanic, 352 Ammoniacal liquor, 78, 791 Ammoniacum, 714 Ammonia-meter, 81 Ammonia compounds, 66r Ammonide, sulphuric, 354 Ammonium, 354 alum, 387 amalgam, 85 arsenite, 270 bases, 658 bromide, 357 carbamate, 356, 672, 706 carbonates, 355, 356 chloride, 356 cyanate, 702 cyanide, 692 disulphide, 357 hydrate, 81 iodide, 357 isethiouate, 679 isocyanate, 703 molybdate, 435 nitrate, 354 nitrite, 355 830 INDEX. Ammonium oxalate, 613 parabanate, 772 picrate, 711 purpunte, 772 suits, 354 sulphate, 355 sulphides, 357 yellow, 357 theory, 85 thiocarbamate, 706 thiocyanate, 703 urate, 770 Amorces fulminantes, 255 Amorphous condition, 109, 268 phosphorus, 253 Amygdalic acid, 744 Amygdalin, 584, 744 Amyl, 592 acetate, 644 alcohol, 569 carbiuol, 569 nitrite, 642 valerate, 644 Amylene, 536 Amylethylic ether, 629 Amyloid, 738 Amylose, 734 Analysis, 6 gravimetric, 6 of gaseous hydrocarbons, 157 organic, 520, 521 calculation of, 522, 523 qualitative, 6 quantitative, 6 volumetric, 6 Ananas oil, 644 Anatase, 456 Ancaster stone, 366 Anethol, 632 Angelic acid, 597 Anglesite, 460, 471 Angostura bark, 781 Anhydride denned, 32 Anhydrides, ethereal, 669 Anhydrite, 368 Anhydrous, 50 Anilides, 663 Anilido-acetic acid, 675 Anilido-acids, 664 Aniline, 662 blue, 723, 794 colours, 721 dyes, 721, 794 oil, 665 for blue, 665 red, 665 safraniue, 665 salts, 664 sulphonic acid, 664 test for, 664 yellow, 683, 794 Animal charcoal, in, 116 chemistry, 811 substances, 811 Animals and plants, reciprocity of, 820 changes in, after death, 824 nutrition of, 821 Animi resin, 560 Anions, 324 Aniseed, essential oil of, 586 Anisic acid, 608 Anisic aldehyde, 586 Anisoil, 631 Annatto, 747 Anode, 14 Anthracene, 553 constitution of, 554 dichloride, 554, 637 dihydride, 554 Anthrachrysone, 721 Anthracite, 159, 168 Anthranil, 678 Anthranilic acid, 678 Anthranol, 719 Anthrapurpurin, 720 Anthraquinoline, 767 Anthraquiuone, 554, 719 disulphonic acid, 720 Antiarin, 745 Antichlore, 221, 235 Anti-corrosive caps, 186 Antifebrine, 668 Autimonates, 443 Antimonic acid, 443 oxide, 443 sulphide, 445 Antimonietted hydrogen, 444 Antimonious acid, 442 Antimony, 441 alkides, 656 amorphous, 442 ash, 443 butter of, 444 chlorides, 444 chlorosulphide, 445 crocus of, 441 crude, 441 detected, 441 flowers of, 442 glass of, 445 grey ore of, 441 liver of, 446 metallurgy of, 441 ores, 441 oxides, 442 oxychloride, 444 oxysulphide, 445 oxytrichloride, 445 pentachloride, 445 pentasulphide, 445 potassio-tartrate, 442 red ore, 445 regains of, 441 sulphate, 446 sulphides, 445 tested for impurity, 444 trichloride, 444 uses of, 442 vermilion, 237, 445 white ore, 442 Antimonyl, 620 Antipyrine, 764 Antiseptics, 220, 246 Antiseptic preservation, 825 Antitoxines, 750 Anti-zymotics, 220, 824 Ants, acid of, 589 Apatite, 249, 369 Apocrenic acid, 817 Apomorphine, 779 INDEX. 831 Apple oil, 644 Aq., water of crystallisation, 53 Aqua fortis, 90 regia, 191, 456 Aquamarine, 383 Aquate, 171 Arabic acid, 737 Arabin, 737 Arabinose, 725, 731 Arabitol, 578 Arachidic (butic) acid, 588 Aragonite, 363 Arbor Dianae, 498 Arbutin, 744 Arc, electric, 137 Archil, 714 Argand lamp, 153 Argillaceous iron ores, 396 Argol, 333 Argon, 76 in air, 68 Argyrodite, 458 Aromatic acids, 599 alcohols, 599 aldehydes, 585 esters, 645 ethers, 631 hydrocarbons, 549 series, 549 Arrack, 808 Arrowroot, 735, 803 Arsenates, 271, 352 Arsendimethyl, 655 Arsenetted hydrogen, 272 Arsenic, 265 acid, 271 anhydride, 271 detected, 270, 272 di-iodide, 274 extracted from organic matters, 274 in copper, 479 native, 265 oxides, 267 pentasulphide, 275 sulphides, 274 tests for, 270, 272 tribromide, 274 trichloride, 273 trifluoride, 274 tri-iodide, 274 white, 267 Arsenical iron, 266 nickel, 424 Arsenical paper hangings, 270 soap, 270 Arsenides, 265 Arsenio di-ethyl, 655 Arsenic siderite, 272 Arsenio sulphides, 275 triethyl, 655 trimethyl, 655 Arsenious acid, 267 chloride, 273 iodide, 274 oxide, 267 crystalline, 268 opaque, 268 vitreous, 268 Arseuites, 270 Arsen-methyl dichloride, 656 Arsen-methyl oxide, 656 Arsiue, 272 Artificial indigo, 762 musk, 650 Asbestos, 373 platinised, 98 Ashes of coal, 113 Asparagine, 678 Asparagus, 678 Aspartic acid, 678 Assafoetida, 714 Assay of gold by cupellation, ci6 Astatki, 161 Asymmetric-carbon atoms, 605 substitution-products, 1:46 Atacamite, 485 Atmolysis, 23 Atmosphere, composition of, 68 Atmospheric air, 67 germs, 71 Atom defined, 8 -fixing power, 573 Atomic heat, 296 Atomicity, 299 Atomic theory, 287 volumes, 304, 786 weight, 10, 295 determined, 46, 296 Atoms, 286 Atropic acid, 601, 755 Atropine, 601, 777 Attraction, chemical, defined, 5 Augite, 389 Aurantia, 665 Auric-chloride, 518 cyanide, 697 oxide, 518 Auricyanides, 697 Aurin, 723 Aurothiosulphuric acid, 519 Aurous chloride, 518 cyanide, 697 oxide, 518 Autogenous soldering, 226 Auxochromes, 683 Available chlorine, 184 Avidity of acids, 311 Avogadro's la\v, 289 Azines, 768 Azobenzene, 682 Azo-compounds, 679-682 dye-stuffs, 683 Azoimide, 107 Azoimides, 683 Azoles, 764 Azote, 75 Azoniurns, 769 Azoxybenzene, 682 Azulmamide, 688 Azulmic acid, 688 Azurite, 485 Azyliues, 684 BAKING powders, 128 Balloons, 24 Balmain's luminous paint, 368 Balsam of Peru, 561, 645 Tolu, 561 Balsams, 560 Banca tin, 448 INDEX. Barbituric acid, 772 Barilla, 345 Bar-iron, best, 408 crystalline, 408 fibrous, 410 manufacture, 404 Barium, 359 bromide, 361 carbide, 361 carbonate, 361 chlorate, 361 chloride, 361 chromate, 432 chromic oxalate, 613 di-oxide, 360 ethoxides, 564 hydroxide, 360 hypophosphite, 260 manganate, 428 nitrate, 361 oleate, 598 oxide, 360 peroxide, 360 sulphate, 360, 361 sulphide, 361 sulpho-methylate, 641 tannate, 610 tungstate, 436 Barley sugar, 732 Baryta, 360 in glass, 371 sulphate, 361 water, 361 Baryto-calcite, 364 Basalt, 365 Base, defined, 37 Basic bricks, 411 Basicity of acids, 104 Basic oxides, 38 process (steel), 410 salts, 104 slag, 818 Bassorin, 737 Bathgate coal, 529 Bath stone, 365 Battery, galvanic, 14, 323 Baume's flux, 339 Bauxite, 385 Bay salt, 344 Beans, inosite in, 716 Bear, 436 Bebeeriue, 783 Beckmann's apparatus, 320 Beef-tea, 815 Beehive shelf, 20 Beer, composition, 806 ropy, 806 sparkling, 127 Bees' wax, 644, 799 Behenic acid, 588 Belladonna, 777 Bellite, 355 Bell -metal, 452 Bengal saltpetre, 337 Benzal chloride, 584, 637 Benzaldehyde, 584 Benzaldoxime, 585 Beuzamide, 668, 675 Benzamido-acetic acid, 675 Benzene, 539 Benzene chlorides, 540 constitution of, 541 dichloride, 540 disulphonic acid, 540, 713 hexachloride, 540 hexahydride, 541 homologues of, 548 hydrocarbons, general preparation of> 549 nucleus, 542 orientation of, 545, 547 reactions of, 540 ring, 542 series, 539 substitution-products of, 546 sulphonic acid, 540, 649 tetrachloride, 540 trisulphonic acid, 540 Benzcneazomethane, 682 Benzidine, 666 dye-stuffs, 684 migration, 685 Benzine, 528 Benzindulenes, 769 Benzoacetic anhydride, 601 Benzoates, 599 Benzoated lard, 799 Benzoflavine, 768 Benzofurfurane, 7^9 Benzoic acid, 600" alcohol, 599 aldehyde, 584 anhydride, 60 1 chloride, 639 ether, 645 peroxide, 601 series of acids, 599 Benzoine, 585 Benzoin gum, 600 Benzole, 539, 790 Benzoline, 528 Benzomercuramide, 668 Benzometudiazines, 769 Benzonitrile, 67;, 700 Benzoparadiazine, 769 Benzophenone, 626 Benzopyrazoles, 765 Benzopyrrol, 759 Benzothiophen, 759 Benzoquinone, 717 Benzotrichloride, 637 Benzoyl, 600 azoiinide, 686 chloride, 600, 639 compounds, 600 glycocine, 675 hydrate, 600 hydrazine, 686 hydride, 600 salicm, 743 Benzyl, 600 alcohol, 571, 709 amine, 665, 700 benzoate, 645 bromide, 637 chloride, 637 cinnamate, 645 cyanide, 700 ether, 631 hydrate, 600 INDEX. Benzyl hydride, 600 Benzylidene — see Beiizal Benzylideneaniliue, 768 Berberiue, 783 Bergamotte, essential oil of ccc Beryl, 383 Beryllium, 382 Bessemer's process, 409 Betaine, 661 Betol, 712 Bezoar-stones, 610 Biborate of soda, 352 Bicarbonate of soda, 348 Bicarbonates, 130 Bichromate, 430 Biebrich scarlet, 684 Bile, 756, 822 colouring-matters of, 756 constituents of, 756 Bilifuscin, 756 Biliprasin, 756 Bilirubin, 756 Biliyerdin, 756 Bioses, 731 Biotite, 389 Birch, essential oil of, 551 Bischofite, 375 Biscuit porcelain, 391 Bismarck brown, 684 Bismuth, 438 extraction of, 439 Bismuth glance,. 440 Bismuth iodide, 440 nitrate, 440 Bismuth ochre, 439 Bismuth gal late, 610 oxides, 439 oxychloride, 440 sulphide, 440 telluride, 244 trichloride, 440 triethyl, 656 trisnitrate, 440 Bismuthic acid, 440 Bismuthite, 440 Bisulphate of potash, 336 Bisulphide of carbon, 238 Bisulphites, 221 Bisulphuret of carbon, 238 Bitter almond oil, 584 * Bitter principles, 745 Bittern, 192, 344 Bituminous coal, 159, 168 Biuret, 670 Bixin, 747 Black ash, 345 Black band, 396, 397 Black dyes, 796 Black-jack, 381 lead, 109 crucibles, in Black vitriol, 485 wash, 502 Blacking-, 231 Blast-furnace, 397 chemical changes in, 398 gases, 399 Blasting-gelatine, 647 with gunpowder, 341 Bleaching by chloride of lime, 184 833 Bleaching by chlorine, 184 ozone, 66 sulphurous acid, 210 powder, 184 Bleach electrolytic, icn killed, 220 Blende, 377 Blistered steel, 412 Block tin, 449 Blood, 755, 813 absorption spectrum of, 756 action of oxygen on, 755 aeration of, 755, 813 s coagulation of, 813 crystals, 756 deflbrinated, 814 formation of, 813 globules, 814 production of, 822 venous and arterial, 822 Bloom (iron), 407 Blowers in coal mines, 145 Blowpipe, cupellation with, 466 flame, 156 hot blast, 157 oxyhydrogen, 48 reduction of metals by, 1 57 table, 279 Blue, bricks, 392 copperas, 484 dyes, 723, 795 fire composition, 186 flowers, 747 John, 202 malachite, 485 metal (copper), 478 opal, 723 oxide of molybdenum, 435 tungsten, 436 pill, 497 pots, in Prussian, 693 stone, 484 Thdnard's, 423 Turnbull's, 695 verditer, 484 vitriol, 484 water of copper-mines, 478 writing-paper, 390 Boghead cannel, 529 Boiler fluids, 57, 270 incrustations, 57 scale, 57 Boiling meat, 815 -point, absolute, 29] denned, 63 -points, 785 of alcohols, 565 of solutions, 320 process (iron), 408 Bolivite, 440 Bolsover stone, 366 Bone-ash, 249 as manure, 818 black, 116 oil, 766 Bones as manure, 818 composition, 249 destructive distillation, 116, 753 dissolved, 818 3G 834 INDEX. Boracic (boric) acid, 246 vitreous, 246 ether, 642 lagunes, 246 Boracite, 352 Borates, 247 Borax, 245, 352 lake, 246 vitrefied, 353 Boric acids, 245, 246 anhydride, 245 ether, 642 Borneo camphor, 560 Borneol, 560 Borofluoric acid, 248 Borofluorides, 248 Boroglyceride, 647 Boron, 245, 247 alkides, 653 amorphous, 247 carbide, 248 crystallised, 248 diamond of, 248 ethide, 653 graphitoid, 248 methide, 653 nitride, 248 sulphide, 249 trichloride, 248 trifluoride, 248 Botany Bay gum, 711 Boucherie's process, 820 Bouquet of wines, 808 Boyle's fuming liquor, 57 law, 27 Brain, 755 Brandy, 808 Brass, 482 Brassidic acid, 598 Braunite, 426 Brazilin, 748 Brazil wood, 713 Bread, 808 aerated, 809 new and stale, 809 Brewing, 805 Bricks, 390 Bright-iron, 402 Brimstone, 208 Brin's oxygen process, 39 Britannia metai, 451 Brochantite, 485 Brodie's graphite, in Bromacetylurea, 671 Bromal, 638 Bromamines, 662 Bromanil, 718 Bromanilines, 664 Bromargyrite, 494 Bromates, 194 Bromhydrins, 636 Bromic acid, 194 Bromine, 192 aquate, 193 chloride of, 195 Bromobenzene, 637 Bromoform, 636 Bromosuccinic acid, 618 Bronze, 441, 452, 481 annealing of, 452 Bronze coin, 441, 452, 481 powder, 455 Bronzing, 482 Brookite, 456 Brown acid (sulphuric), 228 blaze, 382 coal, 159 dyes, 796 hematite, 396 Brucine, 782 Brucite, 374 Brunswick green, 485 Bubbles, explosive, 42 Buckskin, 797 Bug-poison, 500 Building materials, 365 stones, 365 -— ; Bullets, rifle, 466 shrapnel, 466 Burner, air-gas, 54 Argand, 153 Bunsen's, 154 gauze, 156 regenerative, 154 ring, 6 1 smokeless, 154 Burnett's disinfecting fluid, 381 Butalanine, 677 Butane, 532 normal, 532 Butanes, isomeric, 532 Butene, 536 Butic acid, 799 Butiu, 799 Butine, 538 Butter, 648, 799 -milk, 812 preparation of, 812 Butyl, 565 alcohols, 568 aldehyde, 583 carbinol, 568 isothiocyanate, 706 Butylene, 536 Butylic alcohol, 569 fermentation, 569 normal, 569 secondary, 568 tertiary, 568 Butyric acid, 593 aldehyde, 583 ether, 644 Butyrone, 625 CACAO-BUTTER, 811 Cacodyl, 655 chloride, 655 Cadaveric alkaloids, 666, 750 Cadaverine, 666 Cadet's fuming liquor, 655 Cadmia, 382 Cadmium, 382 salts, 382 Caen-stone, 366 Caesium, 359 carbonate, 359 Caffeic acid, 611, 810 Caffeidine, 775 Cafleiue, 775, 810 Caffeone, 810 INDEX. 835 Caffeo-tannic acid, 611 Cairngorm-stones, 276 Caking-coal, 117 Calamine, 377 electric, 377 Calamus, oil of, 555 Calcareous waters, 57 spar, 363 Calcite, 363 Calcium, 363 acetate, 592 action on water, 19 arsenates, 369 carbide, 370 carbonate, 363 chloride, 368^ citrate, 623""^ dioxide, 367 disulphide, 217 fluoride, 368 hydrosulphides, 369 hydroxide, 365 hypochlorite, 183 hyposulphite, 235 iodate, 195 malate, 618 meconate, 622 mesotartrate, 620 nitrate, 367 oxalate, 613 oxide, 364 oxychloride, 368 pentasulphide, 217 phosphates, 369 phosphide, 263 platinate, 507 pyrophosphate, 369 racemate, 620 saccharate, 622 silicates, 370 succinate, 614 sulphate, 367 sulphide, 368 superphosphate, 369 tartrate, 619 Calc-spar, 363 Calculation, chemical, 24 of formulae, 522 Caliche, 197 Calico-printing-, 796 Calomel, 501 Calorific intensity, 165 value, 163 Calorimeter, 164 Calorimetric bomb, 164. Calumba root, 745 Calumbin, 745 Calvert's disinfecting' powder, 710 Calx chlorata, 185 Cameoe, 276 Camphanic acid, 560 Camphene, 557 Camphor, 559 artificial, 557 oil of, 559 Camphoric acid, 560 peroxide, 557 Camphoronic acid, 560 Camphors, 558 Canarin, 703 Candle, chemistry of, 150 power, I53, 162 Candles, 801 Cane-sugar, 731 Cannel, 168 Cannel-gas, 168 Cantharidiu, 746 Canton's phosphorus, 368 Caoutchene, 558 Caoutchouc, 557 artificial, 798 vulcanised, 558; Cap composition, 707 Capric ether, 644 Caproic acid, 594 aldehyde, 583 Caproin, 812 Caprylic acid, 594 Capryl alcohol, 570 aldehyde, 583 Caramel, 732 Caramelan, 732 Caraway, essential oil of, 555 Carbamates, 355 Carbamic acid, 356, 672 Carbamide, 669 Carbamides, 672 Carbamines, 700 Carbanilide, 671 Carbazole, 667, 764 Carbazotic acid, 711 Carbinols, 568 Carbodiamine, 669 Carbohydrates, 724 Carbolic acid, 709 Carbon, 108 atomicity, 522 bisulphide, 238 calorific intensity, 166 value, 163 chlorides, 189 combustion of, 132 determination of, 521 diamide-imide, 673 dichloride, 190 dioxide, 1 18 (see also Carbonic acid gas) composition of, 136 liquid, 128 properties of, 121, 128 solid, 129 synthesis of, 109 disulphide, 238 electrodes, 118 heat of vaporisation of, 130 iodide, 201 monoxide, 131 (see also Carbonic oxide) combuBtion of, 133, 135 composition of, 136 oxides, 118 oxychloride, 190 oxysulphide, 241 pure, preparation of, 118 sulphides, 241 tetrabrouiide, 195 tetrachloride, 189 trichloride, 189 Carbonado, no Carbonate of lime in waters, 57 836 INDEX. Carbonates, 130 alkaline, 360 -Carbonic acid, 127, 130 gas, 118 (see also Carbon dioxide) absorption by water, 127 decomposed by carbon, 132 electric sparks,i3i potassium, 131 determined, 130 evolved by plants, 119 experiments with, 122 in breathed air, 125 injurious effects of, 124 liquefaction, 128 sources, 119 synthesis of, 109 anhydride, 35 ether, 643 oxide, 131 (see also Carbon mon- oxide) absorbed, 486 calorific value, 166 formed in fires, 132 metallurgic uses, 132 poisonous properties, 133 preparation, 134 properties of, 134 reduction by, 135 Carbonisation, 108 Carbonising fermentation, 158 Car bony 1 chloride, 190 Carborundum, 282 Carbostyril, 767 Carbotriamine, 673 Carboxyl, 586 diamine, 669 Carburetted hydrogen, 144 Carbylamine reaction, 660 Carbylamines, 700 Carbyloxime, 706 Carbyl sulphate, 535 Carmine, 748 lake, 748 red, 748 Carminic acid, 748 Carnallite, 335, 373 Carnelian, 276 Carnine, 774 Carotin, 747 Carry's freezing apparatus, 81 Carthamin, 747 Cartilage, 754 Carvacrol, 712 Cascarilla. oil of, 555 Case-hardening, 413 Casein, 751 vegetable, 752 Cassel green, 428 yellow, 472 Cassia, oil of, 585 Cassiterite, 453 Cast-iron, 397, 401 grey, 402 malleable, 403 mottled, 402 varieties of, 402 white, 402 Castner's process, 350 Castor-oil, 798 Cast steel, 413 Catalysis, 64 Catechu, 609, 712, 715 Cathode, 14, 324 Cations, 324 Cat's eye, 276 Caustic alkali, 20 lunar, 492 potash, 333 soda, 348 Cavendish eudiometer, 43 Cedar-wood, essential oil of, 555 Cedriret, 716 Celestine, 362 Celluloid, 742 Cellulo-nitrins, 739 Cellulose, 734, 737, 738 action of nitric acid on, 739 animal, 743 converted into sugar, 738 cotton, 739 hexanitrate, 739 jute, 739 solvent for, 483, 738 straw, 739 Cement, Portland, 366 Roman, 366 rust- joint, 212 Scott's, 367 Cementation process, 411 Cerasin, 737 Cerebric acid, 755 Cerebrin, 755 Ceresin, 529 Cerite, 394, 459 Cerium, 459 Cerolein, 799 Cerotic acid, 799 Cerotin, 570, 799 Ceruse, 470 Cerussite, 460, 470 Ceryl alcohol, 570, 799 Ceryl cerotate, 570, 644 Cetin, 570, 799 Cetyl alcohol, 570 Cetyl palmitate, 570, 644 Cevadilla seeds, 783 Cevadine, 783 Ceylon moss, 737 Chalcedony, 276 Chalk, 363 in waters, 56 Chalkstones, 770 Chalybeate waters, 61, 416 Chamber acid, 227 Chamomile, essential oil of, 555 Champagne, 808 Chance's sulphur recovery process, 347 Charbon roux, 113 Charcoal, in absorption of gases by, 114 action of steam on, 133 animal, in, 116 as fuel, 117, 160 ash, 114 burning, 112 decolorising by, 116 deodorising by, 115 INDEX. 837 Charcoal for gunpowder, 113 oxidised by nitric acid, 91 prepared at diffei-ent tempera- tures, 113 retort, 114 suffocation, 131 wood, in Charles' law, 28 Charring- by steam, 113 Cheese, 812 Chelidouic acid, 623 Chelidouine, 783 Cheltenham water, 61 Chemical affinity, 304 measurement of, 304 calculations, 24 change, velocity of, 310 combination, laws of, 287 influence of moisture on, 327 energy, static method of measur- ing, 309 equivalent defined, 20, 289 manures, 818 properties defined, 12 Chessylite, 485 Chevreul's investigations, 800 Chill-casting, 403 Chimney, hot air, for lamps, 153 ventilation by, 126 China moss, 737 Chinese wax, 570, 648. 799 white, 380 Chinoline, 767 Chitin, 754 Chloracetamides, 668 Chloracetic acid, 638 Chloral, 638 alcoholate, 638 hydrate, 638 Chloralum, 389 Chloramines, 662 Chloranhydrides, 191 Chloranil, 718 Chlorauillic acid, 718 Chloranilines, 664 Chloranthraceues, 638 Chlorate of potash, 184 Chlorates, 186 Chlorhydrins, 646 of glycol, 646 Chloric acid, 184, 756 Chloride of calcium tube, 521 lime, 183 nitrogen, 190 soda, 184 Chlorine, 169 bleaching by, 175 dioxide, 187 disinfecting by, 176 experiments with, 172 group of elements, 205 heptoxidf, 188 hydrate or aquate, 171 monoxide, 181 he.it of formation, 181 oxides, 181 peroxide, 187 water, 171 Chloriodoform, 636 Chlorisatins, 760 Chlorite, 389 Chlorites, 188 Chlorobenzenes, 637 benzole chloride, 639 chromic acid, 434 malaeic acid, 640 chloride, 640 methylfonnate, 643 naphthalenes, 552, 637 phenols, 710 phenol sulphonic acid, 715 propionic chloride, 639 Chloroform, 530, 635 Chlorofoi-moxime, 707 Chlorophosphamide, 265 Chlorophyll, 746 Chloropicrin, 650, 711 Chlorosulphuric acid, 221 Chlorous acid, 188 Chloroxalethyline, 6(39 Chocolate, 8n Choke-damp, 125 Cholesteramiue, 757 Cholesterin, 757 Cholesterol, 757 Cholesteryl chloride, 757 Cholestrophane, 772, 775 Cholic acid, 756 Choline, 666 Chologlycholic acid, 756 Chondrin, 754 Chromates, 432 of lead, 432 potash, 431 Chrome-alum, 433 iron-ore, 417, 430 yellow, 432 Chromic acid, 431 anhydride, 431 oxide, 431 Chromites, 433 Chromium, 430 clilorides, 433 dioxode, 433 hydroxide, 433 metallic, 431 nitride, 434 oxides, 431 oxychloride, 434 sulphate, 432 sulphide, 434 Chromogens, 683 Chromyl chloride, 434 fluoride, 434 Chrysaniline, 794 Chrysean, 704 Chrysene, 554 Chrysoberyl, 383 Chrysocolla, 485 Chrysoidine, 684 Chrystalliu, 751 Churning, 812 Chyme, 822 Cigars, 777 Cinchona bark, 780 Cinchonicine, 781 Cinchonidine, 781 Clnchouiue, 781 Cinder, 159 838 INDEX. Cinnabar, 503 Cinnamene, 550 Cinnamic acid, 60 1 aldehyde, 585 Cinnamon, essential oil of, 585 alcohol, 572 cinnamate, 645 Circulation of blood, 813 Cisterns, incrustations in, 60 Citraconic acid, 616, 623 Citrates, 623 Citrenes, 555 Citric acid, 623 Clarite, 275 Clark's process, 59 Classes of organic compounds, 525 Classification of the elements, 301 Claus kiln, 347 Clay, 384, 390 ironstones, 396, 397 Cleveite, 77 Clinker, 391 Closed-chain hydrocarbons, 538, 539 Cloves, essential oil of, 555 Coal, 158 ash of, 1 60 bituminous, 159 brown, 159 combustion of, 159 composition of, 168 distillation of, 161, 790 -dust explosions, 148 formation of, 158 -gas, 161 enriching, 16? explosions of, 145 manufacture, 791 purification, 238, 792 sulphur in, 161 mines, explosions in, 148 firedamp of, 145 -naphtha, 793 stone, 1 60 spontaneous comoustion of, 160 -tars, 793 bases, 793 distillation of, 539, 792 dyes, 793 varieties of, 159 Welsh, 160 Coarse copper, 479 -metal (copper), 476 Cobalt, 421 amine compounds, 423 arsenate, 266, 422 arsenides, 422 bloom, 266, 422 chloride, 422 cyanide, 692 glance, 421 hydroxide, 422 nitrate, 422 nitrite, 422 chides, 421 phosphate, 423 py rites, 422 salts, 422 separated from nickel, 424 silicate, 422 sulphate, 422 Cobalt sulphides, 422 ultramarine, 423 vitriol, 422 yellow, 422 Cobalticyanides, 692 Cocaine, 777 Cocculus indicus, 745 Cochineal, 795 Cocoa, 8n (gun) powder, 340 Cocoa-nut oil, 648, 798 Codeia, 779 Codeine, 779 Cod-liver oil, 799 Co-efficient of solubility, 54 affinity, 311 velocity, 312 Coerulignone, 716 Coffee, composition, 810 roasting, 810 Coin-bronze, 452, 481 Coke, 1 60 action of steam on, 133 composition of, 168 Colchicine, 783 Colcothar, 224, 417 Cold-shortness, 408 Collidine, 766 Collodion, 742 balloons, 742 cotton, 742 Colloids, 278 Colophony, 560 Colour- base, 722 Coloured fires, 186 Colouring-matters, animal, 756 vegetable, 746, 747 Columbite, 447 Colza oil, 798 Combination, chemical, 5 laws of, 287 Combined carbon in iron, 402 Combining proportions, 10 Combustion defined, 33 furnace, 521 in oxygen, 32 reciprocal, 48, 153 temperature of, 520 tube, 521 Comanic acid, 769 Comenic acid, 622 Common salt, 343, 818 Composition tube, 466 Compound and mixture, 6, 71 defined, 3 Concrete, 366 Condensation, 531 Condensation products of acetone, 625 Condenser, Liebig's, 62 Condurrite, 266 Condy's disinfecting fluid, 428 Congonha, 775 Congo red, 684 Conhydrine, 776 Coniferin, 745 Coniferyl alcohol, 745 Couiine, 776 -methylium hydroxide, 776 iodide, 776 Conquiniue, 781 INDEX. Conservation of energy, 305 matter, 2 Constitution of compounds, 102 salts, 104, 105 Contact process for sulphuric acid manufac- ture, 230 Converting- furnace, 411 vessel, Bessemer's, 409 Convolvulin, 745 Convolrulinol, 745 Cooking- of meat, 815 Copal, 560 Copper, 474 acetate, 592 aceto-arsenite, 271, 592 acetylide, 139, 537 action of ammonia and air on, 483 nitric acid on, 92 alloys of, 481 amalgam, 498 ammonio-sulphate, 485 Ang-lesea, 478 arsenite, 261, 484 best selected, 476 blister, 476 carbonates, 434, 484 chlorides, 485 cleaned, 481 dry, 477 effect of sea-water on, 480 electric conductivity of, 480 emerald, 485 extracted in laboratory, 479 fusing- point, 480 glance, 474 hydrate, 483 hydride, 483 impurities in, 479 Lake Superior, 480 lead in, 477 metallurgy of, 474 moss, 476 natire, 474 nitride, 484 ores, 474 roasting, 474 treatment of, for silver, 489 overpoled, 477 oxides, 482 oxychloride, 480, 485 peacock, 474 phosphates, 485 phosphide, 487 poling-, 477 precipitate, 478 properties of, 480 pyrites, 474, 487 reduced by hydrogen, 46 refining-, 477 rose, 478 sand, 474 •"•silicates, 485 smeltiug, 475, 476 smoke, 475 Spanish, 480 subchloride, 486 suboxide, 482 sulphate, 484 in bread, 809 sulphides, 486 839 Copper, tinned, 453, 481 tough-cake, 477 uses of, 481 underpoled, 477 verdigris, 481 vessels for cooking, 481 wet extraction of, 478 Copperas, 418 blue, 484 Copper-zinc couple, 21 Coprolite, 369 Coquimbite, 419 Coral, 363 Cordite, 647 Coridine, 766 Corn-flour, 803 Corrosive sublimate, 499, coo Corundum, 388 Cotarnine, 779 Cotton, 737 separated from wool, 738 solvent for, 483 Coulomb, 325 Coumarilic acid, 759 Coumarin, 759 Coumarone, 759 Crackers, detonating, 708 Cream, 812 of tartar, 333, 619 Creasote, 712, 713 Creatine, 676 Creatiniue, 676 Crenic acid, 817 Creoline, 712 Cresol, 709, 712 Critical temperature, 29 Croceo-cobalt salts, 423 Crocin, 747 Crocus of antimony, 441 Crookes' discovery of thallium .-73 Croton aldehyde, 537 Croton-chloral, 638 Crotonic acid, 584, 597 aldehyde, 584 Crotononitrile, 705 Crotonylene, 538 Crow-fig, 782 Crucibles, black lead, TTI Cryohydrates, 53 Cryolite, 389 Cryoscopic metl od 310 Cryptidine, 767 Crystal carbonate, 348 Crystallisation, 50 Crystals, forms of, 51 Crystalloids, 278 Crystals from vitriol chambers, 225 Cubebs, essential oil of, 555 Cudbear, 714 Cumic aldehyde, 585 Cuminic acid, 601 aldehyde, 585 Cuminol, 585 Cummin, essential oil of, 585 Cupel-furnace, 465 Cupellation on the large scale, 464 small scale, 465 Cupric acetate, 592 aceto-arsenite, 592 acid, 484 840 INDEX. Cupric arsenite, 485 carbonates, 485 chloride, 485 hydroxide, 484 nitrate, 484 oxide, 482 phosphates, 485 phosphide, 487 silicates, 485 sulphate, 484 sulphide, 487 tartrate, 619 xanthate, 643 Cuprocyanides, 696 Cuprous acetylide, 140, 537 chloride, 140, 486 hydrate, 483 hydride, 483 iodide, 486 nitride, 484 oxide, 483 sulphide, 487 xanthate, 240, 643 Curcumin, 747 Curd of milk, 751 Curing- fish and meat, 824 ^ Current, electric, 14, 323 Cutch, 609 Cutting1 isinglass, 753 Cyamelide, 702 Cyanacetate of potassium, 614 Cyanamide, 704 Cyanethine, 700 Cyanetholin, 705 Cyanates, 702 Cyanic acid, 702 Cyanides, 692 of hydrocarbon radicles, 699 Cyanin, 747 Cyanines, 767 Cyanite, 389 Cyan-methine, 699, 769 Cyano-benzene, 700 Cyanogen, 687 bromide, 698 chloride, 698 compounds, 686 iodide, 698 reactions of, 688 sulphide, 704 Cyanmuramide, 704 Cyanurates, 702 Cyanuric acid, 701 chloride, 698 Cyclic compounds, 526, 538 Cyclohexanes, 539 Cylinder-charcoal, 113 Cymene, 544 Cymogene, 528 Cytisine, 783 Cytoblast, 755 DAPHNETIN, 744 Daphnin, 744 Daturine, 777 Davy lamp, 146 Deacon's chlorine process, 170 Dead oil of coal-tar, 793 Decane, 528 Decay, 119 Decay after death, 824 Decolorising' by charcoal, 116 Decomposition defined, 3 Deflagrating spoou, 34 Deflagration, 338 Dehydracetic acid, 644 Deliquescence, 53 Delphinine, 783 Densimeter, 341 Density, absolute, 341 apparent, 341 Deodorising- by charcoal, 115 chlorine, 176 Dephlogisticated muriatic acid, 176 Derbyshire spar, 202 Dermatol, 610 Desiccator, 232 Desilverising lead, 463 Destructive distillation defined, 112 Detonating tubes, 186, 647 Devitrification, 372 Dextrin, 736 Dextro-ethylidine lactic acid, 604 Dextro-rotatory, 542, 619 pinene, 557 Dextrose, 726 Dextrotartaric acid, 619 Dhil mastic, 468 Diabetes, 726 Diacetyl, 627 oxide, 593 Diad elements, n Diallyl sulphide, 705 Dialuramide, 772 Dialuric acid, 771 Dialyser, 278 Dialysis, 277 of air, 70 Diamides, 669 Diamido-azobenzene, 684 Diamidobenzene, 650, 666 Diamidothiodipheuylamiue, 645 diphenyl, 666 Diamidogen, 106 Diamidomiphthalines, 666 Diamidotriphenylmethane, 722 Diamines, 658, 665 Diamond, 108 black, in combustion of, 109 specific heat of, 118 Diamonds, artificial, no Diaspore, 388 Diastase, 733, 804 Diathermic, 239 Diatomic elements, 10 Diazines, 768 Diazo-acetamide, 680 acetic acid, 680 amidobcnzene, 682 compounds, 682 amidonaphthaleue, 666 benzene, 680 butyrate, 68 r chloride, 682 compounds, 68 1 hydroxide, 68 1 nitrate, 680 potasso oxide, 68 1 sulphonic acid, 683 INDEX. 841 Diazo-compounds, 106, 637, 680 diazoimides, 686 dyestuffs, 684 ethane, 680 methane, 680 reactions, 106, 68 1 Diazonium srilts, 68 1 Diazotising-, 681 Dibenzofurfurane, 759 Dibenzoparadiazine, 769 Dibeuzoparathiaziues, 768 Dibenzoparoxazine, 768 Dibenzopyrrol, 759 Dibenzothiophen, 759 Dibenzoyl oxide, 601 Dibenzyl, 551 Dibromonitro-aceto-nitrile, 707 Dibromo-nitro-phenyl-propionic acid, 764 Dibromopropanes, 544 Dibutyraldine, 776 Dichloracetone, 623 cyanhydrate, 623 Dichloracetonic acid, 623 Dichlorethene, 634 Dichlorether, 631 Dichlorhydrin, 646 Dichlorobenzene, 540 Dichloromethane, 530 Dicinnainene, 550 Dicyauimide, 704 Dicyauacetonic acid, 623 Didymium, 394 Diethyl, 653 amine, 662 glycol ether, 631 Diethylene-diamine, 666 Diethylnitrosamine, 662 Diethyloxamide, 669 Diffusibility of g-ases, 25 law of, 25, 291 measurement of, 25 Diffusion, 25 tube, 25 Diformin, 647 Digallic acid, 610 Digestion, 821 Digitalin, 745 Dihydric alcohols, 555 Dihydropyrazoles, 764 Dihydroxy anthraquinoline, 768* benzaldehydes, 586 benzenes, 712 benzoic acid, 609 succinic acid, 618 toluene, 714 Dihydroxyl, 106 Diiodopurine, 771 Dikakodyl, 656 Diketones, 626 Dimethyl, 530 allo . Joxantin, 752 amido-azobenzene, 683 benzine sulphouic acid, 683 pyrimidiue, 769 toluphenazine, 769 amine, 659 analine, 664 -arsenic acid, 655 arsine, 656 benzene, 549 Dimethyl furfurane, 758 ketone, 625 oxamide, 669 oxide, 628 parabanic acid, 772 Dimethoxyphthalide, 779' Dimorphous, 109, 268 Dinaphthyl, 553 Dinasfire brickx, 392 Dinitraniline, 664 Dinitric acid, 96 Dinitrobeuzene, 540 benzenes, 650 phenol, 711 Diolefines, 537 Dioptase, 485 Dioxindol, 760 Diphenic acid, 554 Diphenyl, 550 amiiie, 664 guanidine, 673 ketone (beuzophenone), 626 methane, 551 methylpyrazole, 764 oxide, 631 sulphides, 710 sulphone, 710 -sulphurea, 672 urea, 671 Diphenyleue methane, 551 oxide, 764 sulphide, 764 Diplatinamiue, 508 Diplatosamiue, 508 Dippel's oil, 753 Dipropargyl, 539 Dipyrotartracetoue, 619 Disaccharides, 731 Disacryl, 584 Disazo-dyestuffs, 684 Discharge in calico printing, 183,694 Disinfectant, Cal vert's, 710 MacDougall's, 710 Disinfecting by chloride of lime, 184 chlorine, 170 ferric chloride, 419 permanganates, 429 fluid, Burnett's, 381 Condy's, 428 Disintegration of rocks, 128 Displacement, collection of gas by, 29 Dissociation, 301, 312 effect of pressure on, 301 of dissolved molecules, 317 sal-ammoniac, 86 steam, 48 vermilion vapour, 504 Disthene, 389 Distillation, 62 destructive or dry, 112 fractional, 74, 529 under diminished pressure, 595 Distilled sulphur, 208 water, 61 Diterpene, 555 Dithionic acid, 237 Dithionous acid, 237 Diureides, 771 Divalent elements, n Divi-divi, 609 842 INDEX. Dobereiner's lamp, 506 Dodecane, 528 Dodecatoic acid, 594 Dolomite, 373 Double salts, 104 Dough, 734, 808 Dowucast shaft, 88 Dowson gas, 163 Dragon's blood, 715 Drummond light, 48 Dryers, 798 Drying gases, 46 in vacuo, 232 -oils, 798 over oil of vitriol, 232 Dry rot, 738 Ductility of copper, 480 Dulcite, 579 Dung as manure, 817 Dust, 71 explosions, 148 Dutch liquid, 148, 535, 634 metal, 172 Dyeing, 795 Dyes, 683 adjective, 683 substantive, 683 Dyestuffs, acid, 683 basic, 683 Dynamite, 646 Dyslysin, 756 EARTHENWARE, 392 'Earths, alkaline, 372 Earth's crust, composition of, 5 Eau de Javelte, 184 Ebonite, 558 Effervescence, 127 Efflorescence, 52 Egg-shells, 1 20 Eikonogeu, 712 Elaidic acid, 598, 802 Elastine, 677 Elaterin, 746 Elaterium, 746 Elba iron ore, 356 Electric arc, 137 furnace, 138 Electrical amalgam, 498 pressure, 17 quantity, 17 tension, 17 Electrising, 66 Electro-chemical list, 324 equivalents, 325 Electrodes, 14, 118 Electro-gilding, 517 Electrolysis defined, 15, 323 of hydrochloric acid, 16 of salts, 325 of sulphuric acid, 15, 324 of water, 13.. Electrolytes, 323 Electrolytic bleach, 350 dissociation, 327 production of alkali and chlo- rine, 349 Electro -negative elements, 15 plating, 490 positive elements, 15 Electrons, 324 Element denned, 3 Elements, groups of, 303 Elemi-resin, 560 Ellagic acid, 610 Embolite, 494 Emerald, 382 Emerald green, 271, 485, 592 Emery, 388 Emetics, 620 Emetine, 781 Empirical formulae, 522 Ernpyreumatic, 555 Emulsin, 584 Enantiomorphous, 621 Enantiotropes, 315 Eudosmose, 814 Endothermic, 96, 305 Energy, chemical, 304 Eosins, 723 Epsom salts, 375 Equivalent defined, 20 •— ^ " Equivalents of acids and bases, 105 N Ergot of rye, 734 S Erucic acid, 598 Erythric acid, 714 Erythrite, 578 Erythro-dextrin, 736 Eserine, 783 Essence of turpentine, 555 Essential oils, 555 extraction of, 555 Esters, 640 sulphuric, 641 Ethal, 570 Ethane, 524, 530 constitution of, 527 Ethene, 535 -alcohol, 574 -diamines, 666 -dibromide, 574, 635 -dichloi'ide, 634 -di-iodide, 635 -naphthalene, 553 Ether, 627 chemical constitution, 628 decomposition by heat, 141 properties of, 629 reactions yielding, 630 Ethereal salts, 640, 645 Etherification, continuous, 629 theory of, 629 Ethers, 631 derivation from alcohols, 627 mixed, 627 perfuming and flavouring, 644, 645 table of, 628 Ethine, 537 Ethionic acid, 535, 649 anhydride, 535 Ethoxides, 564 Ethoxyl, 654 Ethyl, 600 acetamide, 667 acetate, 643 aceto-acetate, 644 alcohol, 561 aldehyde, 583 allophanate, 671 amine, 662 INDEX. 843 Ethylamine hydrochloride, 662 ethyl thiocarbonate, 706 arsenite, 642 benzoate, 645 borate, 642 boric acid, 653 bromide, 634 butyrate, 644 caprate, 644 carbamate, 672 carbamine, 701 carbimide, 705 carbinol, 569 carbonate, 643 chloride, 633 cyanide, 699 diazo-acetate, 680 diethylacetoacetate, 644 ether, 628 ethylacetoacetate, 644 fluoride, 634 formamide, 701 formate, 643 hydride, 524, 530 iodide, 634 isocyanate, 705 isocyanide, 701 isothiocyanate, 706 malonate, 645 metaphosphate, 642 mustard oil, 706 nitrate, 642 nitrite, 642 nitrosamine, 662 orthocarbonate, 643 oxalacetate, 645 oxalate, 645 oxamate, 669 oxamide, 669 oxysulphide, 573 palmitate, 644 pelargonate, 644 phosphates, 642 phosphines, 654 phosphinic acids, 654 quinol dicarboxylate, 718 salicylate, 645 silicates, 642 sodaceto-acetate, 643 sodethylacetoacetate, 644 succiuyl succinate, 718 sulphates, 641 sulphides, 573 sulphinic acid, 649 sulphite, 648 sulphone, 573 sulphonic acid, 648 sulphuric acid, 628 thiocarbimide, 706 ureas, 705 Ethylates, 564 Ethylene, 142, 535 -diamine, 665, bromide, 535, 635 chloride, 535, 634 glycol, 574 hydrate chloride, 631 iodide, 635 lactic acid, 607 oxide, 631 Ethylene succinic acid, 614 Ethylidene chloride, 635 lactic acid, 603 succinic acid, 614 Ethylsulphuric acid, 641 Euchlorine, 188 -water, 779 Eudiometer, Cavendish, 43 siphon, 44 Eudiometric analysis of air, 44 marsh-gas, 157 Eupyrion matches, 188 Eurhodines, 769 Euxanthic acid, 747 Euxanthine, 747 Euxanthone, 747 Evaporation, influence of pressure on, 313 Even numbers, law of, 523 Evernic acid, 714 Everninic acid, 714 Exalgin, 668 Excretions, 823 Exitele, 442 Exothermic, 96 Explosions, 30, 42 in coal-mines, 145, 148 sympathetic, 741 Extinguishing fires, 122 FAGOTING, 407 Fallowing, 818 Faraday's law, 325 Farinose, 735 Farm-yard manure, 817 Fast colours, 795 green, 714 yellow, 712 Fats, 648, 797 f using-points of, 850 Fatty acid series, 587, 588, 644 Fehling's test, 619 Felspar, 332, 384 Fenchene, 557 Fenchone, 560 Fermentation, 119, 562 acetous, 590 alcoholic, 562 arrested, 220, 563 viscous, 578 Ferrates, 418 Ferric acetate, 591 acid, 418 ammonio-citrate, 624 benzoate, 600 carbonate, 418 chloride, 419 citrate, 623 cyanide, 693 ferrocyanide, 693 oxalate, 613 oxide, 417 oxychloride, 420 phosphate, 419 succiuate, 614 sulphate, 419 Ferricuui, 421 Ferricyanides, 695 Ferrite, 414 Ferrocyanic acid, 687 Ferrocyanides, 687 844 INDEX. Ferrocyanogen, 687, 693 Ferro-manganese, 403 Ferrosoferric oxide, 417 Ferrosum, 421 Ferrous arsenate, 419 chloride, 419 carbonate, 418 cyanides, 693 ferricyanide, 695 ferrocyauide, 693 hydroxide, 416 iodide, 419 oxalate, 613 oxide, 416 phosphate, 419 silicate, 419 sulphate, 418 sulphide, 420 Ferrum redactum, 416 Ferruretted chyazic acid, 687 Fibrin, blood, 751 muscle, 751 vegetable, 752 Fibrinogen, 751 Fibroin, 754 Filtration, 116 Finery cinder, 405 Fire-bricks, 392 -clay, 384 -damp, 144 indicator, 148 Fires, blue flame in, 132 coloured, 186 gas, 161 Fish oils, 799 shells, 82 Fittig's reaction, 531, 549 Fixing photographic prints, 236 Flags, Yorkshire, 365 Flake-white, 440 Flame, analysis of, siphon, 152 blowpipe, 156 cause of luminosity in, 152 effect of pressure on, 153 wire gauze on, 151 experiments on, 151 extinction by gases, 122 oxidising and reducing, 156 structure of, 148 temperature of, 151 Flames, simple and compound, 149 smoky, 154 Flashing-point of oils, 528 Flavin, 745 Flavopurpurin, 721 Flesh, 814 juice of, 676, 814 sugar of, 716 flint, 276 and steel, 276 Flints dissolved, 353 Florence flask, 41 Floss-hole,- 405 Flowers bleached, 220 Fluoranthreue, 555 Fluorene, 551 Fluorescei'n, 714, 724 Fluorescence, 724, 781 Fluoric acid, 202 Fluoride of calcium, 202, 330 Fluoride of silicon, 203 Fluorides', 205 Fluorine, 202 Fluor spar, 202, 368 Flux, 398 Baume's, 339 Fog, 71 Food, plastic constituents of, 823 preservation of, 823 respiratory constituents of, 823 Forge-iron, 403 Formaldehyde, 580 Formaline, 580 Formamides, 667 Formates, 590 Formic acid, 589 aldehyde, 580 esters, 643 ether, 643 thio-aldehyd, 7015 Formins, 647 Formouitrile. 699 Formose, 728 Formula?, axial symmetrical, 616 calculation of, 46, 300 empirical, 523 graphic, 524 molecular, 523 plane symmetrical, 616 rational, 524 structural, 524 Formyldiphenylamiue, 768 Fouling of guns, 342 Foundry iron, 403 Fractional distillation, 74, 529 precipitation, 588 Franklinite, 417 Fraxin, 744 Free-stone, 365 Freezing apparatus, 81, 82 in red-hot crucibles, 219 mixtures, 83, 356 of water, 63 points of solution, 319 French chalk, 373 Friction-tubes, 445 Friedel and Craft's reaction, 549 Fructose, 727 Fruit essences, 644 sugar, 727 Fruits, ripening of, 820 Fuchsiue, 722 Fucose, 7215 Fucusol, 586 Fuel, 158 calorific intensity calculated, 166 value calculated, 163 composition of, 168 gaseous, 161 Fuller's earth, 384 Fulminate of mercury, 706 silver, 708 Fulminates, 706, 708 Fulminating gold, 518, 697 platinum, 507 silver, 492 ^ Fulminic acid, 707 Fulminurates, 718 Fulmiuuric acid, 708 Fumanyl dichloride, 640 INDEX. 845 Furnaric acid, 615 Fumarotd structure, 616 Fumaryl dichloride, 640 Fumigation with sulphurous acid, 220 Fuming- sulphuric acid, 224 Fumitory, 615 Funnel tube, 22 Fur in kettles, 57 Furfural, 586 Furfuramide, 586 Furfurane, 622, 758 Furfuryl alcohol, 586 Furnace, electric, 138 gas, 22 regenerative, 167 reverberatory, 132 Furnaces, theory of, 167 waste of heat in, 167 Furo-azoles, 764 Fusco-cobalt salts, 423 Fusel oil, 808 Fusible alloy, 439 Fusing-points, 784 of fats, 800 Fusion, 277 Fustic, 715, 747 Fuze, electric, 487 percussion, 255 GADININE, 666 Gadolinite, 394 Gahnite, 417 Galactonic acid, 734 Galactose, 727 Galbanum, 714 Galena, 459 Gallein, 715 Gallic acid, 609 synthesis of, 610 anhydride, 610 Gallium, 392 Gall-nuts, 610 Gallocyanine, 768 Galloflavin, 609 tannic acid, 610 Gallstones, 757 Galvanic battery, 14 cell, 323 Galvanised iron, 376 Gambodic acid, 745 Gamboge, 714, 747 Gangue, 398 Ganister, 407 Garlic, essential oil of, 705 Garnet, 389 Garnierite, 424 Gas-burners, 154 carbon, 792 composition of, 161, 168 cylinder, 29 Dowson, 163 explosions, 145 fires, 161 holder, 135 jar, 34 manufacture, 791 Mond, 163, 168 producer, 162, 168 semi-water, 163 valuation of, 143 Gas-water, 163, 168 Gases, analysis of, 45, 157 constitution of, 27 diffusion of, 25 effect of pressure on, 27 expansion by heat, 28 good and bad, 28, 72 in waters, 54 solubility of, 315, 316 effect of heat on, 80 pressure on, 80 Gasolene, 528 Gastric juice, 822 Gaultheria, oil of, 645 Gaylmsite, 364 Gedge's metal, 481 Geissler tube, 330 Gelatin, 753 Gelatine dynamite, 647 Gelose, 737 Gentianin, 745 Germanium, 458 German silver, 423, 481 Germination, 804 Germs of disease, 71 Geysers, 277 Gibbsite, 388 Gilding, 517 porcelain, 392 Gin, 808 Glass, 370 Bohemian, 371 bottle, 371 coloured, 372 composition of, 370 crown, 371 etched, 204 flint, 371 -gall, 370 of antimony, 445 plate, 371 potash, 371 silvered, 490 soda, 370 soluble, 353 toughened, 372 window, 370 Glauberite, 351 Glauber's salt, 351 Glaze for earthenware, 391 Glazier's diamond, no Gliadin, 753 Globulin, 750 Glucinum, 382 Glucoheptouic acid, 728 Glucoheptose, 728 Glucol, 715 Gluconic acid, 729 Glucosan, 726 Glucosazone, 728 Glucose, 725 artificial, 726 Glucoses, 725 constitution of, 729 synthesis of, 728 Glucosides, 743 Glucosone, 728 Glue, 753 liquid, 753 Glutamic acid, 752 846 INDEX. Glutaric acid, 615 Gluten, 734, 752 Glyceric acid, 607 aldehyde, 584 Glycerides, 647 Glycerine, 576 artificial preparation of, 76 ether, 631 soap, 801 Glycerol, 576 ethereal salts of, 645 Glycerose, 584 Glyceryl, 636 arsenite, 647 borate, 647 phosphate, 647 salts, 647 tribromide, 636 trichloride, 636 tricyanide, 623 trinitrate, 646 Glycocholic acid, 756, 822 Glycociamine, 676 Glycocine (glycocoll) (glycine), 674 synthesis of, 654 Glycocyamidine, 676 Glycogen, 736 Glycol, 573, 574 amide, 668 chlorhydrin, 575 dialdehyde, 575 disodium, 575 ethereal salts of, 646 ethers, 645 monosodium, 575 Glycolide, 604 Glycollic acid, 602 Glycols, secondary, 573 tertiary, 573 Glycosine, 584 Glycuronic acid, 607 Glycyphillin, 744 Glycyrrhizic acid, 746 Glyoxal, 584 Glyoxalic acid, 607 Glyoxalines, 765 GlyoxyJic acid, 607 Glyoxyl urea, 773 Gneiss, 389 Gold, 513 arsenide, 519 assay by cupellation, 516 bronze, 436 chloride, 518 coin, 515 crucible, 518 cyanides, 697 dissolved, 191 extracted from silver, 514 extraction, 513 fulminating', 518 identified, 93 leaf, 517 oxides, 518 physical properties of, 517 refining, 514 removal of mercury from, 497 ruby, 254, 517 salts of, 518 separated from silver and copper, 233 Gold, sodium-hyposulphite, 519 standard, 515 sulphides, 519 testing, 516 thread, 517 Gongs, 452 Goose-fat, 648 Goulard's extract, 592 Grains, brewers', 805 Granite, 365 disintegration of, 365 Granitic rocks, 332, 365 Granulated zinc, 22 Granulose, 735 Grape-sugar, 726 Grapes, colouring- matter of, 746 Graphic formula, 524 Graphite, no in cast-iron, no, 402 Graphitic acid, in Graphitised carbon, 118 Green, arsenical, 270 borate of chromium, 433 Brunswick, 485 chrome, 433 colour of plants, 746 fire, 186 flame of barium, 362 boracic acid, 247 copper, 485 thallium, 473 hydroquinone, 719 malachite, 485 manuring, 817 mineral, 485 Kinmann's, 423 salt of Magnus, 508 vitriol, 418 Grey antimony ore, 441 copper ore, 474 iron, 402 powder, 497 Grinder's waste, 411 Gristle, 753 Grotto del Cane, 121 Groug-h saltpetre, 337 Grove's battery, 14 Growth of plants, 819 Guaiacol, 713 Guaiacum, resin, 560, 713 Guanidines, 672, 673 Guanine, 673, 773 Guano, 817 Guignet's green, 433 Gulose, 727 Gum Arabic, 737 Bassora, 737 British, 736 Senegal, 737 tragacanth, 737 Gums, 737 Gum-sugar, 725, 737 Gun-cotton, 647, 740 compared with gunpowder, 742 composition, 740 explosion, 741 manufacture, 740 products of explosion of, 742 properties, 742 pulp, 741 INDEX. Gun-cotton, reconversion of, 740 Gun-metal, 452, 481 Gunpowder, 339 brown, 340 composition, 339 explosion of, 341 explosion under pressure, 343 influence of size of grain, 340 manufacture, 340 products of explosion, 341 properties of, 340 smokeless, 339 temperature of combustion, 341 white, 186 Gutta-percha, 585 Gypsum, 367, 818 H.^MATEIN, 748 Haematin, 756 Hcematite, 396 Hsematoxylin, 748 Haemin, 756 Haemocyanin, 474 Haemoglobin, 755 Hair-dye, 237, 493 Halogen defined, 205 derivatives, 632 from acids, 639 from aldehydes, 638 of closed-chain hydro- carbons, 637 of open-chain hydrocar- bons, 632 propylenes, 636 Halogens, review of, 205 Haloid salts, 205 Hammer-slag-, 406 Hard metal, 452 Hardness, degrees of, 58 permanent and temporary, 58 Hard water, 55 Hargreave's soda process, 346 Hartshorn, spirit of, 81 Hatchett's brown, 694 Hauerite, 430 Hausmannite, 427 Heat and temperature, 163, 164 atomic, 296 of combustion, 163 relation to chemical attraction, 38, 306, 307 specific, 296 units, 44 Heating- of hay-ricks, 158 Heats of formation calculated, 307 Heavy metal alkydes, 656, 657 Heavy lead ore, 469 spar, 360 Helianthin, 683 Helicin, 743 Heliotropine, 586 Helium, 77 Hellebore, 745 Helleborein, 745 Hemimorphite, 377 Hemiterpene, 556 Hemlock, 776 Henbane, 778 Hepatic waters, 61 Heptamethylene, 539 847 Heptane, 528 Heptoses, 728 Heptylic acid, 594 Herapathite, 781 Hesperidene, 556 Hesperidin, 744 Hesperitin, 744 Heterocyclic compounds, 757 761: Hexacetyl cellulose, 739 ' condensed nuclei from, 759 Hexa-chlorobenzene, 540 dieue, 537 ethane, 189 hydric alcohol, 578 hydropyrazine, 769 hydropyridine, 766 hydroxyanthraquinone, 610, 721 hydro xybenzene, 716 nitro-diphenylamine, 665 Hexagonal crystals, 52 Hexoses, 725 stereo- isomerism of, 730 Hexyl alcohol, 570 fermentation, 570 butyrate, 570 carbinol, 570 Hexylic acid, 594 Hippurates, 675 Hippuric acid, 675 Holmia, 394 Homologous series, 527 Honey, 731 Hopeite, 382 Hop substitute, 711, 745 Hops, 805 essential oil of, 555 Hornblende, 389 Horn-lead, 471 quicksilver, 502 silver, 493 Horse-chestnut bark, 744 Hot blast, theory of, 399 Humic acid, 817 Humus, 816 Hyacinth, 458 Hydantoin, 671 Hydramines, 665 Hydrargyllite, 388 Hydrargyrum cum creti, 497 Hydrates, 53 Hydraulic cements, 366 main, 790 Hydrazine, 106 hydrate, 107 sulphate, 1 06 Hydrazines, 684 identified, 685 Hydrazobenzene, 682 Hydrazoic acid, 107 Hydrazones, 625 Hydrazotoluene, 685 Hydrazulmin, 688 Hydrides of alcohol radicles, 527 Hydrindigotin, 762 Hydriodic acid, 200 Hydroaromatic hydrocarbons, 550 Hydrobenzamide, 585 Hydrobenzoin, 575 Hydroboracite, 375 848 INDEX. Hydromic acid, 194 Hydrocarbons, 137, 526, 791 cracking1, 151 open- and closed-chain, 538 Hydrocellulose, 738 Hydrochloric acid, 177 action of, on metals, 179 analysis of oxides, 180 electrolysis of, 16, 180 from alkali works, 178 yellow, 178 Hydrocobalticyanic acid, 692 Hydrocoerulignone, 717 Hydrocotarnine, 779 Hydrocyanic acid, 690 synthesis of, 690 tests for, 691 Hydrocyanocarbodiphenylimide, 763 Hydroferricyanic acid, 695 Hydroferrocyanic acid, 693 Hydrofluoboric acid, 248 Hydrofluoric acid, 202 Hydrofluosilicic acid, 284 Hydrogel form, 278 Hydrogen, 21 antimonide, 444 arsenide, 271 calorific intensity calculated, 166 value, 163 chloride, 177 synthesis of, 177 combustion of, 29, 30 dioxide, 63 experiments with, 29 heat of formation, 172 identified, 15 liquefaction of, 74 nitride, 107 peroxide, 63 tests for, 64 persulphide, 217 phosphides, 262 preparation, 21, 22 properties of, 23 purification, 46 selenietted, 243 sulphide, 213 Hydrogenium, 49 Hydro-isatin, 761 Hydrolysis, 265,743 Hydronaphthalene, 553 Hydronitroprussic acid, 696 Hydronitrous acid, 107 Hydroplatinocyanic acid, 698 Hydro-potassium tartrate, 619 Hydropyrrol, 759 Hydroquinone, 714, 717, 718 Hydroselenic acid, 243 Hydrosol form, 278 Hydrosulphuric acid, 213 tests for, 216 use in analysis, 215 Hydrosulphurous acid, 237 Hydrotelluric acid, 244 Hydroterpenes, 551 Hydroxides. 54 Hydroxy-acetic acid, 602 Hydroxy-acids, 570, 601 authranol, 719 Hydroxy-acids, azo-eompounds, 684 benzaldehydes, 585, 586 benzenes, 526, 708 benzoic acids, 608 butyric acids, 607, 644 caproicxacid, 607, 677 cyanogen compounds, 701 ethylajrfine, 666 formifc acid, 589 indol, 760 naalouic acid, 617 oleic acid, 607 phenyl fatty acids, 611 propionic acid, 603 pyridines, 766 quinoline, 767 ' succinic acid, 618 toluenes, 712 toluic acids, 609 tricarballylic acid, 623 Hydroxyl, 54, 94 amine, 103 Hyoscyamine, 777 Hypobromous acid, 194 Hypochlorites, 182 Hypochlorous acid, 182 anhydride, 181 Hyponitrites, 103 Hyponitrous acid, 103 Hypophosphites, 260 Hypophosphorous acid, 260 Hyposulphite of soda, 236, 352 Hyposulphuric (dithionic) acid, 237 Hyposulphurous acid, 235 Hypoxanthine, 774 ICE, 63 Iceland spar, 363 Illuminating value, 162 Imides, 649, 658 Imidogen, 669 Incandescent burners, 458 Incorporating mill, 340 Incrustation on charcoal, 157 Incrustations in boilers, 57 Indazoles, 765 Indian fire, 274 ink, 748 India-rubber, 557 Indican, 761 Indifferent oxides, 38 Indigo, 761 artificial, 762 blue, 761 brown, 761 copper, 487 gluten, 761 manufacture of, 763 red, 761 reduced, 762 salt, 764 vat, preparation, 762 white, 762 Indiglucin, 761 Indigo tin, 761 sulphonic acids, 762 Indium, 393 Indoaniliue, 718 Indole, 759 Indolinones, 760 INDEX. 849 Indophenin, 758 Imlophenol, 718 Indophor, 760 Indoxyl, 760 Iiidoxylic acid, 760 Induction coil, 17 Induliues, 769 Ingot iron, 404 Ink, 605 blue, 693 stains removed, 182 Inorganic substances, 6 Inosite, 716 Instantaneous light, 506 Intramolecular condensation, 531 Intumescence, 353 Inulin, 736 Invert sugar, 727 lodamines, 662 lodammonium iodide, 201 lodates, 199 lodic acid, 199 Iodide of nitrogen, 201 Iodides, 199 Iodine, 195 bromides, 202 chlorides, 202 green, 723 oxides, 198 scarlet, 502 test for, 197 tincture of, 197 Iodised starch-paper, 65 lodobenzene, 637 lodoform, 636 lodopyrrol, 759 lodosobenzene, 637 lodoxybenzene, 637 lonisation, degree of, 326 Ions, 323 IridkKplatinum alloy, 512 Iridium, 511 Iron, 394 acetate, 591 action of acids on, 93, 179, 416 air on, 376 on water, 21 allotropic, 414 amalgam, 498 and carbon, 403 and oxygen, 34 atomic weight of, 420 bar, 407 carbide, 415 carbonate, 396 carbon in, 403, 405 carbonyls, 420 cast, 401 chemical properties of, 416 chlorides, 419 cold-short, 408 critical temperature of, 414 extraction in the laboratory, 415 fibre in, 408 galvanised, 376 glance, 396 grey, 402 group of metals reviewed, 434 iodide, 419 magnetic oxide, 417 Iron, metallurgy of, 396 mottled, 402 mould, 416, 738 nitride, 420 ores, 395 calcining or roasting, 397 oxides, 416 passive state of, 416 perchloride of, 419 phosphates, 419 phosphorus in, 409 plates cleansed, 450 puddled, 404 pure, preparation of, 416. Iron pyrites, 396, 420 Iron, pyrophoric, 136 red-short, 408 refining, 404 rusting, 416 salts of, 419 sand, 396, 456 scurf, 392 smelting, 398 specular, 396 sulphates, 418 sulphides, 214, 420 sulphur in, 401 tincture of, 419 tinned, 450 white, 402 wire, 407 wrought, 404 direct extraction, 415 manufacture, 404 Isatic acid, 679 Isatide, 761 Isatin, 679, 760 anilide, 763 Isatoic anhydride, 679 Iserine, 456 Isethionic acid, 535, 649 chloride, 679 Isinglass, 753 Isobarbituric acid, 773 Iso- butane, 532 butylene, 536 butyl alcohol, 565, 569 cholesterin, 757 cumene, 791 cyanates, 704 cyanides, 760 cyanuric acid, 708 dialuric acid, 773 di-morphism, 442 Isomeric alcohols, 567 Isomerides, 533 Isomerism, 533, 603, 605 explanation of, 533 position, 544 Isomorphism, 297 Isoparaffins, 533 pentane, 533 phthalic acid, 617 prene, 556 propyl alcohol, 568 benzoic acid, 601 carbinol, 568. quinolene, 767 Iso-succinic acid, 614 uric acid, 773 85° INDEX. Isotonic solutions, 318 Isoxazole, 765 Is ore t, 669 Ctaconic acid, 623 Ivory, artificial, 742 black, 116 •JABORANDINE, 784 -Jalapin, 745 Jalapinol, 745 Jasper, 276 •Jatrophiue, 803 •Jellies, fruit, 820 •Jervine, 783 •Jtt, 160 Jet for burning' gases, 30 Jewellers' rouge, 417 Juniper, essential oil of, 555 Kainit, 375 Kairine, 767 Kairolin, 769 Kakodyl, 655 chloride, 655 compounds, 655 cyanide, 655 oxide, 655 ' sulphide, 651} trichloride, 656 Kakodylic acid, 655 Kaolin, 384 Kassner's process, 469 Kekul6's chain, 546 Kelp, 195 Keratin, 754 Kermes mineral, 446 Kernel roasting, 486 Kerosene, 528 Ketodihydropyrazoles, 764 Ketols, 626 Ketone-acids, 574, 626 alcohols, 574, 626 aldehydes, 574, 626 Ketones, 624 double, 624 table of, 624 Ketonic decomposition, 644 Ketoses, 724 Ketoximes, 625 Kid, 797 Kieselguhr, 646 Kieserite, 375 Kinetic theory of gases, 291 method of measuring affinity, 312 King's yellow, 275 Kino, 712, 715 Kipp's apparatus, 120 Kirschwasser, 8oS Kish, in Kjeldahl's method, 521 Kola nut, 775, 810 Kosine, 746 Koumiss, 733 Kousso, 746 Kreasote, 712 Kreatine — see, Creatine Kresol, 712 Kryolite, 389 Kupfernickel, 424 Krypton, 77 Kyanising wood, 820 Kyanite, 389 LAB, 752 Lac, 748 Lacquer, 748 Lacquering-, 482 Lactamide, 668 Lactams, 678 Lactarine, 752 Lactates, 604 Lactic acid, 603 anhydride, 603 fermentation, 603 Lactide, 603 Lactims, 679 Lactometer, 813 Lactones, 627 Lactose, 733 Lactyl chloride, 639 Laevo-rotatory, 542, 621 Laevotartaric acid, 621 Laevulosan, 728 Laevulose, 727 Lakes, alumina, 388 Lamp-black, in without flame, 506 Lanarkite, 471 Landsberger's apparatus, 321 Lanolin, 757 Lanthanum, 391 Lapis lazuli, 389 Lard, 648, 799 Laudanum, 778 Laughing gas, 96 Laurel water, 691 Laurie acid, 594 aldehyde, 583 Laurite, 511 Lauth's violet, 768 Lava, 389 Law of even numbers, 523 constant proportions, 7, 286 multiple proportions, 286 reciprocal proportions, 287 periodic, 301 thermochemistry, 305 Lead, 459 acetates, 591, 592 action of acids on, 467 on water, 60 alkides, 656 applications of, 466 argentiferous, 463 arsenate, 471 calcining, 462 carbonates, 470, 472 chlorides, 471 chlorobromide, 472 chlorosulphide, 472 chromates, 432 coiTosion of, 467 desilverising process, 463 dioxide, 469 extraction in laboratory, 460 fume, 461 -glazed earthenware, 468 hard, 462 hydroxide, 470 improving process, 462 INDEX. Lead in cider, &c., 467 in water, 60 iodide, 199, 472 nialate, 618 metallurgy of, 461 molybdate, 435 nitrate, 470 oleate, 598 ores, 459 oxides, 467 in glass, 371 oxy chlorides, 471 peroxide, 467 persulphide of, 472 phosphate, 471 plaster, 598 poisoning, 47I propionate, 593 propylate, 593 pyrophorus, 467 selenide, 472 smelting, 461 Spanish, 462 sugar of, 591 sulphate, 471 sulphides, 472 tartrate, 467 test for, 6 1 tetracetate, 469 tetramethyl, 656 tetrethyl, 656 thiosulphate, 237 tribasic acetate, 592 triethyl, 656 uses, 466 vanadate, 446 Lead vitriol, 471 Leaden cistern, 60 coffins, 467 Leadhillite, 471 Leather, 797 Leaven, 809 Leblanc alkali process, 345 Lecanoric acid, 714 Lecithin, 647, 755 Legumin, 752 Lemery's volcano, 212 Lemons, essential oil of, 555 Lepidine, 767 Lepidolite, 358 Leucaniline, 722 Leucic acid, 677 Leucine, 677 Leuco-base, 722 Leucoue, 282 Leuco-parurosanilme, 722 Levulinic acid, 627 Libethenite, 485 Lichens, colouring-matters from, 714 Liebermann's reaction, 710 Liebig's condenser, 61 extract, 815 Light, action on silver chloride, 236 carburetted hydrogen, 144 oil of coal-tar, 539, 793 Lignite, 159, 168 Ligroin, 528 Lime, 363 action on soils, 818 air-slaked, 365 851 Lime-burning, 364 carbonate in waters, 56 chloride of, 183 -kilns, 364 -light, 48 phosphates, 369 purifier, 792 •stone, 363 sulphate, 367 superphosphate, 369 water, 365 Limonene, 556 Linde's machine, 72 Linen, 737 Linoleic acid, 599, 798 Linolenic acid, 599 Linseed, 737 oil, 798 Liquation, 488 Liquefaction of air, 73 gases, 72 Liquor ammonia?, 76, bi chlori, 171 iodi, 197 sanguinis, 814 sodse chloratae, 184 Liquorice root, 746 Litharge, 468 Lithia, 358 Lithia-mica, 358 Lithic acid, 769 Lithium, 358 blowpipe test for, 358 urate, 770 Litmus, 714 Loadstone, 396 Loam, 384 Logwood, 388, 748 Looking-glasses silvered, 497 Lophin, 765 Lucifer matches, 254, 255 Lugol's solution, 197 Luminosity of flames, 149 Lunar caustic, 492 Lupulin, 805 Luteo-cobalt salts, 423 Luteolin, 747 Lutidine, 766 Luting for crucibles, 378 iron joints, 212 Lycopodium, 148 Lysidine, 765 Lysol, 712 MACDOUG ALL'S disinfectant, 710 Maclurin, 747 Madder, 720, 795 -lakes, 720 Magenta, 722, 793 bronze, 436 Magic lantern, oil for, 559 Magistral, 489 Magnesia, 374 calcined, 375 citrate, 623 Magnesia limestone, 365, 374 for Duilding. 365 Magnesite, 373 Magnesium, 373 action on water, 21 INDEX. Magnesium, ammonio- chloride, 376 phosphate, 375 ammonium arsenate, 375 borate, 375 carbonate, 374 chloride, 375 citrate, 623 fluoride, 205 group, review of, 383 hydroxide, 374 methide, 657 nitride, 374 phosphates, 375 silicates, 373 silicide, 282 sulphate, 375 Magnet-fuse composition, 487 Magnetic iron ore, 396, 417 pyrites, 420 Magnetic rotatory power, 788 Magnetite, 417 Magnus' green salt, 508 Malachite, 474 green, 722 Maleic acid, 615 Malemoid and fumaroid structure, 616 Malic acid, 618 Malonic acid, 614 ether, 645 Malonyl urea, 772 Malt, 804 -dust, 804 high-dried, 806 Malting, 803 Maltose, 733 Mandelic acid, 609, 744 Manganates, 428 Manganese, 426 binoxide, 427 Manganese black, 427 blende, 430 Manganese bronze, 452 carbonate, 426 chlorides, 429 dioxide, 426 oxalate, 613 oxides, 426 peroxide, 426 recovery, 429 separated from iron, 430 Manganese spar, 426 Manganese sulphate, 430 sulphide, 430 Manganic acid, 427 Manganite, 427 Manna, 578 Australian, 734 trehala. 734 Mannitane, 579 Mannite (mannitol), 578 glycertdes, 579 Mannose, 579, 727 Mannonic acid, 578, 729 Mannyl hexanitrate, 578 Mantle of flame, 152 Mantles for Welsbach burners, 155, 458 Manures, 817 Manuring, 817 Maraschino, 808 Marble, 363 Marcasite (iron pyrites), 420 Margaric acid, 596, 798 Margarin, 798 Margarine, 799 Marine glue, 557 Marking-ink, 492 Marl, 384 Marsh -gas, 144, 526 series, 526 Marsh's test for arsenic, 272 Martensite, 414 Martius' yellow, 712 Mascagnine, 355 Mashing, 805 Mass, action of, 310 active, 310 Massicot, 468 Matches, 184, 254 safety, 255 without phosphorus, 254 Mate, 775 MatlocTcite, 471 Matte, 476 Mauve dye, 793 Mauveine, 793 Meadow-sweet, oil of, 586 Meal-powder, 340 Meconates, 622 Meconic acid, 622 Meconine, 779 hydrocotaruine, 779 Meerschaum, 373 Melam, 704 Melamine, 704 Melaniline, 673 Mel em, 704 Melezitose, 734 Melissene, 799 Melissyl alcohol, 570 palmitate, 570, 644 Melitose, 734 Mellite, 624 Mellitic acid, 624 Mellone, 704 Mellonides, 704 Menaccanite, 456 Mendeleeffs law, 301 Mendipite, 472 Menthene, 557 Menthol, 557 Mercaptan, 572 Mercaptides, 572 Mercaptol, 626 Mercerisation, 738 Merchant bar iron, 407 acetamide, 668 Mercuric chloride, 499 cyanide, 697 ethide, 657 fulminate, 706 iodide, 502 methide, 656 nitrate, 499 oxycyanide, 697 sulphate, 499 sulphide, 502 colloidal, 504 Mercuroso-mercuric iodide, 502 Mercurous acetate, 591 chloride, 501 INDEX. 