None
Kibbon. Small Wares. Cotton, knitting. Cotton, sewing. Mohair (by the stick). Needles. Needles, knitting. Pins. Silk, sewing and embroidering. Thread (cotton and linen). Twist. Worsted. Yarn. Spices and Condiments. Allspice. Cassia. Cinnamon. Cloves. Ginger. Mace. Mustard. Nutmegs. Pepper. Pepper, cayenne. Pimento. Vinegar. Tacks, Brads, and Nails. Nails. Nails, 4d. Nails, 4d. Nails, 6d. Nails, 20d. Tacks and brads. Tallow, Candles, Soap, etc. Candles. Soap. Soap. Soap, castile. Soap, soft-t Spermaceti. Tallow. Tobacco and Snuff. Cigars. Snuff Tobacco. Tools and Implements. Axes. Files. Hammers. Hatchets. Hoes. Pitchforks. Kakes. Screws. Scythes. Shoe knives. Shovels. Spades. Not  "basis" of price, certain other articles are omitted from the tables by periods of years, although included in the "articles" tables by name. In the occupations and articles tables, by name, all amounts originally given, as explained on pages 197 and 198, ante, in pounds, shillings, and pence, have been converted into United States currency in accordance with the basis of value established on pages 199 and 200, ante. In bringing forward these amounts (expressed in pounds, shillings, and pence either as old tenor or as lawful money) from the wages and prices tables, by years, to the occupations and articles tables, by name, where all values are brought to the common basis, or United States currency, it frequently happened that the amounts were very nearly and sometimes exactly the same. This was, also, oftentimes true when brought into comparison with amounts which were originally given in the same year, for the same occupation or article, in United States money. Wherever two values in any one year, when expressed in United States currency, very nearly or exactly agreed, but one amount is given in the tables of occupations and articles. In all other cases, the amounts have been graded and properly marked. It will be noticed, however, in many cases that the currency values given for an occupation or article, for the same year, are very close. This is due to the re-arrangement of values, as brought forward from the wages and prices tables, on a currency basis, it having been deemed expedient to allow them to stand, although very close, as less liable to cause confusion where references are made from the wages and prices tables to the showings by occupations and articles. In the occupations and articles tables, by name, the same general form of presentation used in the wages and prices tables, by years, has been adhered to, stating for each occupa- tion and article the various years, in their order, for which wages or prices are given, the "basis" and corresponding *' amount." Any description other than the name of the occu- pation or article itself immediately follows, in parenthesis, the year, together with such designations as may be needed to explain the given basis or amount. The " occupations " and *' articles" wdll be presented in the order in which they are named in the " index," this classification having been adopted in order to bring together all related occupations and articles, either under one title as in the case of occupations, or under general headings as regards articles. WAGES AND PRICES: 1752-1860. 161 The Occupations and Articles Tables, By Name. Wages : Agricultural Laborers. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1752 day $0,333 1 1800 day S0.424 1753 day .37 1801 day .577 1754 day .333 1802 day .622 1755, day .356 1803, day .517 1756, day .333 1804, (high) .... day 1.00 (plowing greensward). day 2.00 (low) .... day .612 1757 day .317 1805, (high) .... day 1..S3 (with oxen) day 1.00 (medium) day 1.00 1758 day .259 (med. low) day .883 1759 day .25 (low) .... day .617 (with oxen) day 1.00 1806, (high) .... day 1.17 1760, day .25 (medium) day 1.00 1761 day .319 (low) .... day .625 1763, day .333 1807, (high) .... day .83 (with oxen) day 2.00 (medium) day .667 1764, (high) .... day .389 (low) .... day ..58 (low) .... day .333 1808, (high) .... day 1.00 1765, (plowing) day 1.33 (medium) day .844 1766, day .333 (low) .... day .75 1767 day .271 (boys) .... day .167 1770 day .336 1809, (high) .... day .58 1771 day .333 (low) .... day • .50 (boys) .... day .167 1810, (high) .... day 1.17 1772 day .333 (medium) day 1.00 (boys) .... day .167 (low) .... day .639 1773 day .342 1811, (high) .... day .683 1774 diiy .356 (low) .... day .50 1775 day .344 (boys) .... day .25 wIj. 1.75 1812, (high) .... day 1.25 1776, (high) .... day .50 (medium) day 1.00 (medium) day .333 (med. low) day .667 (low) .... day .167 (low) .... day .50 1777, day .556 1813, (high) day 1.25 (with oxen) day 1.50 (low) .... day .667 1781, (hi^h) .... day .444 1814, (high) .... day .792 (low) .... day .40 (low) .... day .607 1782, (high) .... day .483 (with double team) day 3.00 (medium) day .389 1815 day .868 (low) .... day .333 mo. 13 50 1783, (liis<h) .... day .423 (with'board). day .56 (low) .... day .347 (with board and lodging) mo. 8.00 1784 day .394 (with two meals a day). mo. 10.00 1785, (high) .... day .468 1816, (high) .... day .909 (low) .... day .351 (low) .... day .595 1786 day .333 (plowing with oxen) day 1.50 1787, (high) .... day .56 1817 day .827 (low) . . .. day .392 1818 day 1.49 1788, (high) .... day .444 1819 day .533 (medium) day .389 1820, (high) .... day 1.00 (low) .... day .333 (medium) day .75 1789, day .423 (low) .... day .50 1790, (high) .... day .425 1821, (high) .... day 1.00 (medium) day .333 (medium) day .664 (low) .... day .25 1 I (low) .... day .447 1791 day .438 (with oxen) day 2.00 1792, (high) .... day .403 (with oxen ; with board) day 1.50 (low) .... day .107 (with four oxen a n d 1793, day .353 plow; high). day 2.40 1794, (high) .... day .667 (with four oxen and (low) . . .. day .416 plow; low). dny 167 1795, (high) .... day .75 1822 day .771 (medium) day .57 1823, (high) .... day 1.25 (med. low) day .416 (medium) day 1.00 (low) .... day .393 (low) .... day .57 1796 day .487 (with oxen) day 1.50 1797, dny .436 1825, (high) .... day .992 1798, (high) .... day .833 (medium) day .74 (low) . . .. day .41 (low) . . .. day .50 1799, (high) .... day ..V28 (high) . . .. mo. 18.00 (low) . . .. day .43 (low) . . .. mo. 15.00 162 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Wag-es : Agricultural Laborers — Concluded. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1825, (with board, high). day $0.66 1835, (with board, low). day $0.50 (with board, low). day ,50 (with two meals a day. (with two meals a day. high) .... mo. 15.00 high) .... mo. 15.00 (with two meals a day. (with two meals a day. low) .... mo. 12.00 low) .... mo. 12.00 (with board and lodging, (with board and lodging. high) .... mo. 12.00 high) . . .. mo. 12.00 (with board and lodging, (with board and lodging. low) .... mo. 1000 low) .... mo. 10.00 1845, (high) .... day 1.00 (with oxen) day 1.50 (low) .... day .90 1826, (high) .... day .784 (hieh) .... mo. 20.00 (low) .... day .45 (low) .... mo. 15.00 1827, (high) .... day 1.00 (witii board and lodging, (medium) day .80 high) .... mo. 12.00 (low) .... Day .628 (with board and lodging. (shearing sheep) day 1.34 low) .... mo. 10.00 1828, (high) .... day 1.00 (with two meals a day, (medium) day .75 high) .... mo. 15.00 (low) .... day .575 (with two meals a day, 1831, (high) .... day 1.00 low) .... mo. 12.00 (low) ....  mo. 10.00 Wages: Blacksmiths. 1781, day $0,667 1838, (cotton mill; high) day $2.00 1782 day .833 (cotton mill; low). day 1.00 1784,...... day .667 (machine shop) day 1.75 1787, day .636 1839 day 1.51 1790 day .667 1840, (carriage; with board). mo. 20.00 1815, (horseshoers). day .90 (cordage works) day 1.42 (horseshoers; with (stone).... day 1.52 board).... day .45 1845, (high).... day 1.25 (helpers).... day .625 (low) .... day 1.00 (wagon smiths) day 1.00 (with board; high) day .60 (wagon smiths; with (wagon smiths) day 1.00 (with board; high) day .60 (wagon smiths; with (wagon smiths) day 1.00  .625 (carriage; high) day 1.50 1825, (with board). day .50 (carriage; low) day 1.25 (helpers).... day 1.00 (machine shop) wk. 8.00 (carriages and wagons: (shovel works) day 1.50 high).... day 1.33 (stone yard). day 1.60 (carriages and wagons; (helpers).... day 1.00 low).... day 1.25 1850, (carriage; high). day 1.75 (carriages and wagons; (carriage; low) day 1.50 helpers) day 1.00 (carriage; piece work). day 2.00 (horseshoers). day 1.00 (cordage works) day 1.50 1832, (carriage; with board, (locomotive works; high) day 1.94 high).... mo. 18.00 (locomotive works; me- (carriage) riage; with board, dium).... day 1.51 low).... mo. 15.00 (locomotive works; low) day 1.17 1835, (carriages and wagons; (machine shop) wk. 9.00 high).... day 1.50 (shovel works) 1.78 (stone yard; high). day 1.78 (carriages and wagons; day 1.79 (horseshoers; high) day 1.25 1855, (locomotive works; (horseshoers; low) day 1.00 high).... day 3.00 (horseshoers; with (locomotive works; med. board).... day .60 high).... day 2.50 (helpers).... day 1.00 (locomotive works; me- 1836 day 1.75 dium).... day 2.28 1837, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. high).... wk. 9.00 low).... day 2.28 1837, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. high).... wk. 9.00 low).... day 2.28 1837, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. board).... day .60 high).... day 2.28 1837, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. high).... wk. 9.00 low).... day 2.28 1838, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. board).... day .60 high).... day 2.28 1838, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. board).... day .60 high).... day 2.28 1839, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. board).... day .60 high).... day 2.28 1839, (carriages and wagons; (locomotive works; med. board).... day .60 1.77 (carriages and wagons; locomotive works; low) day 1.33 low).... wk. 7.50 (stone yard). day 124 (cotton mill; high) day 2.00 1860, (high).... day 1.50 (cotton mill; low). day 1.00 (low).... day 1:25 (machine shop) day 1.75 (carriage; high) day 2.00 1838, (carriages and wagons; (carriage; medium) day 1.75 high).... wk. 9.00 (carriage; low) day 1.50 (carriages and wagons; (machine shop) wk. 10.50 low).... wk. 7.50 WAGES AND PRICES: 1752-1860. 163 Wages: Bookbinders. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1837, (high).... wk. $10.50 1840, (collators; girls; high). wk. $5.00 (low) .... wk. 6.00 (collators; girls; low). wk. 4.00 (apprentices; high) wk. 3.00 (finishers; high) wk. 10.00 (boys; high). wk. 3.00 (folders; girls) wk. 4.00 (boys; low) wk. 1.50 (forwarders). wk. 10.00 (foremen; high) wk. 12.00 (pasters; girls) wk. 3.00 (foremen; low) wk. 7.00 (sewers; girls) wk. 5.00 (folders; high) wk. 5.50 (folders; high) wk. 3.25 1845, (finishers; high). wk. 10.00 (sewers; high) wk. 6.00 (sewers; low) wk. 8.00 (forwarders; high) wk. 9.00 1838, (high) wk. 10.50 (forwarders; low). wb. 8.00 (forwarders; low). wk. 6.00 1860, (collators; girls). wk. 5.00 (apprentices; high) wk. 3.00 (finishers; high) wk. 12.00 (apprentices; low) wk. 2.00 (finishers; low) wk. 10.00 (boys; high). wk. 3.00 (folders; girls; high) wk. 5.00 (boys; low). wk. 1.50 (folders; girls; low) wk. 4.00 (foremen; high) wk. 12.00 (forwarders; high) wk. 12.00 (forwarders; high) wk. 12.00 (forwarders; high) wk. 7.00 (forwarders; low) wk. 9.67 (folders; high) wk. 5.50 (pasters; girls; high).  (distillery; low). wk. $10.00 (distillery; with board) mo. 20.00 (fermenters, brewery; 1860, (cellar men, brewery; high).... wk. 14.00 (fermenters, brewery; (cellar men, brewery; low).... wk. 12.00 (kettle men, brewery). wk. 14.00 (kettle men, brewery). wk. 14.00 (wash house hands, (distillery; medium) wk. 12.00 brewery) wk. 11.00 Wages: Butchers. 1771, 1775, 1808, 1819, day day day $0.75 1.00 1.00 Wages: Carpenters. 1772, 1773, 1774, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1781, 1782, 1783,  .444 .667 .444 .574 .489 .609 .59 .»38 .535 .389 .50 .564 .59 .549 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, day (high) day (low) day (high)  .649 .833 .75 .583 .958 .578 .84 .583 .833 .75 .785 .5.56 1.00 .836 .99 .75 .833 1.08 164 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Wag'es : Carpenters — Concluded. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1803, (low) .... day $0,788 1835, (and joiners; summer; 180i, (liigh) day 1.16 high) .... day 81.25 (medium) day .954 (and joiners; summer; (low) day .668 low) .... day 1.12 1805, (high) day 1.75 (and joiners; summer; (medium) day 146 with board, high) day .90 (med. low) day 1.17 (and joiners; summer; (low) day 1.12 with board, low) day .60 1806 day .994 (and joiners; winter; 1807, (high) day 1..50 high) .... day 1.12 (medium) day 1.17 (and joiners; winter; (low) day 1.00 low) .... Day 1.00 1808, (high) day 1.75 (and joiners; winter; (medium) day 1.00 with board, high) day .84 (med. low) day .889 (and joiners; winter; (low) day .668 with board, low) day .50 1809, (high) day 1.33 (and joiners) — foremen) day 1.50 (low) day 1.06 1837, (cotton mill; high) day 2.00 1810, (high). day 1.33 (cotton mill; low). day 1.33 (cotton mill) day 1.33 (cotton mill) day 1.33 (cotton mill) day 1.00 (machine shop) day 142 1811, (high) day 1.58 1838, (cotton mill; high) day 2.00 (med. high) day 1.24 (cotton mill) day 1.33 (cotton mill) day 1.42 (cotton mill) day 1.42 (cotton mill) day 1.48 1845, (cordage works) day 1.42 1812, (high) Day 1.40 (ship; high). day 1.50 (ship; high). day 1.00 (ship; low) day 1.25 1813, (high). day 1.43 (and joiners; summer; (medium) day 1.26 high).............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Joiners; summer; (and joiners; winter; with board, low). day .625 low) .... day 1.00 1816, day 1.00 (and joiners; winter; 1817, (high) . .. day 1.42 with board, high) day .84 (low) . .. day 1.00 (and joiners; winter; 1819 day 1.14 with board, low) day .50 1820, day 1.00 (and joiners) — foremen) day 1.50 1822 day 1.00 (cabinet makers; high). day 1.50 1823 day 1.00 (cabinet makers; high). day 1.25 1824 day .833 (stair builders; high). day 1.50 (cordage works) day 1.33 (stair builders; low) day 1.25 1825 day .75 1850, (cordage works) day 1.50 (cordage works; high). day 1.25 (locomotive works ; (cordage works; me- high) . . .. day 1.58 dium • . .. day 1.00 (locomotive works; low) day 1.39 (cordage works; low). day .75 (metal work). day 1.50 (ship; high). day 1.33 1855, (locomotive works; high) day 1.83 (ship; low) day 1.25 (locomotive works; med. (ant joiners; summer; high) .... day 1.54 high) . . .. day 1.33 (locomotive works; me- (and joiners; summer; dium) .... day 1.33 low) . . .. day 1.00 (locomotive works; med. (and joiners; winter; low) .... day 1.17 high) . . .. day 1.25 (locomotive works; low) day .917 (and joiners; winter; (nail works). day 1.75 low) . . .. day 1.00 1857, (woollen mill; high) day 1.50 (and joiners; summer; (woollen mill; low) day 1.00 with board, high) day .84 (foremen, woollen mill) day 2.00 (and joiners; summer; 1860, (high) .... day 1.50 with board, low). day .50 (low) . . .. day 1.25 (and joiners; winter; (foremen; high) day 2.00 with board, high) day .75 (foremen ; low) day 1.75 (and joiners; winter; (linen mill) day 1.75 with board, low). day .50 (cabinetmakers; high). day 2.00 1835, (cordage works) day 1.33 (cabinetmakers; low). day 1..50 (ship; high). day l.fiO (stair builders; liigh) day 2.00 (ship; low) day 1.25 (SI air builders; low) day 1.75 WAGES AND PEICES : 1752-1860. 165 Wages : Carriage Makers. Ba- Ba- Ykars. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1831, (wheelwrighta; high) . day $1.50 1838, (wood-workers; high). wk. $9.00 (whf elwrights ; low) . day 1.37 (wood-workers; low) wk. 7.00 1832, (and wheel mabere; with 1840, (with board). mo. 20.00 board, high) . . i mo. 18.00 (bidy makers; with (and wheel makers; with board) .... mo. 20.00 board, low). mo. 15.00 (trimmers; with board). mo. 20.00 (body makers; with 1845, (high) .... day 1.25 board, high) mo. 18.00 (low) . . .. day 1.00 (body makers; with 1850, (hiuh) .... day 1.75 board, low) mo. 15.00 (low) . . .. day 1.50 (trimmers; with board, i (piece work). day 2.00 high) . . . . mo. 18.00 (trimmers; high). day 1.75 (trimmers; with board, (trimmers; low) day 1.50 low) . . . . mo. 15.00 (trimmers; piece work) day 2.00 1837, (wheelwrights; high) . wk. 9.00 1860, (high) .... day 2.00 (wheelwrights; low) . ! wk. 7.00 (medium) day 1.75 (woodworkers; higli). wk. 9.00 (low) . . .. day 1.50 (wood-workers; low) wk. 7.00 (trimmers; high). day 2.00 1838, (wheelwrights; high). wk. 9.00 (trimmers; low) day 1.75 (wheelwrights; low) wk. 7.00 Waj ?es : Clockniakers. 1815 day $1.13 1845, (low) .... day $1.12 1825, (high) day 1.33 1860, (high) day 2.25 (low) day 1.25 (medium) day 1.75 1835, (high). day 1.50 (med. low) day 1.50 (medium) day 1.25 (low) day 1.25 (low) day 1.12 (foremen; high) day 3.00 1845, (higli) day 1..50 (foremen; low) day 2.00 (medium) day 1.25 Wage s: Clot hiiig Makers. 1803, (pantaloons; piecework) pr. $0,416 1837, (vests; low). wk. $1.25 1814, (coats; piecework) p'ce 2.25 vests; custom work; (pantaloons ; piece work) pr. 1.25 high) . . .. wk. 4.80 (pantaloons cutters ; piece vests ; custom work; work) .... pr. .25 low) .... wk. 3.75 (waistcoats; piece work) p'ce 1.25 1838, (coals; high). wk. 7.50 1815, (tailors) .... wk. 6.00 (coats; low). wk. 6.00 (tailors; with board) wk. 3.00 (coats; custom work; 1825, (tailors; high) wk. 8 00 high) . . .. wk. 9.00 (tailors; low). wk. 7.00 (coats; custom work; (tailors; with board) wk. 3.00 low) .... wk. 7.50 1828, (tailors) .... day 1.50 (cutters; high) day 1.50 1835, (tailors; high) day 1.50 (cutters; low). day 1.00 (tailors; low). day 1.25 (cutlers; high) wk. 11.00 1837, (coats; high). wk. 7.50 (cutters; low). wk. 7.00 (coats; low) . .. wk. 5.00 (frock coats; high). day 1.00 (coats; custom work; (frock coats; low). day .83 high) .... wk. 9.00 (overalls) . '. day .195 (coals; custom work; (pantaloons). ch.y .15 low) .... wk. 7.60 (pantaloons; high). wk. 1.50 (cutters; high) day 1.50 (pantaloons; low). wk. 1.00 (cutters; low). day 1.00 (pantaloons; custom (cutters; high) wk. 11.00 werk; high) wk. 6.00 (cutters; low). wk. 7.00 (pantaloons; custom (frock coats; high). day 1.00 work; low). wk. 4.50 (frock coats; low). day .83 (pressmen ; custom work ; (overalls) day .195 high) .... wk. 8.00 (pantaloons). day .15 (pressmen ; custom work ; (pantaloons; high). wk. 1.60 low) .... wk. 7.00 (pantaloons; low). wk. 1.00 (vests; high). wb. 1.75 (pantaloons; custom (vests; low) wk. 1.2.) work ; high) wk. 6.00 (vests; custom work; (pantaloons; custom high) .... wk. 4.50 work ; low). wk. 4.50 (vests ; custom work; (pressmen ; custom work ; low) .... wk. 3 75 high) .... wk. 8.00 1845, (tailors; high) day l.iiO (pressmen ; custom work ; (tailors; low). day 1.25 low) .... wk. 7.00 1860, (tailors; high) day 1.75 (veots; high) , wk. 1.75 (tailors; low). day 1.50 166 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Wag-es : Cordage Makers. Years. 1825, (hatchellers; high) (hatchelltTB; low). (pattern makers) (reelers) . . .. (spinners; hiyh) (cpinners; mcclium) (spinners; low). (spinners; boys) 1826, .... 1830, (spinners; high) ((•pinners; noed. high). (spinners; medium) (rplnners; med. low) (spinners; low) (cpinners — foremen; high) . . .. (spinners — foremen; low) . . .. 1835, (spinners; high) (spinners; medium) (Kpinners; low) (spinners — foremen; high) . . .. (spinners — foremen; low) . . .. 1840, (hatchellers). (spinners) (spinners — foremen; high) . . .. (spinners — foremen; low) . . .. (spinners, hand; women ; high) . . .. (spinners, hand ; women  .667 133 1.25 1.11 1.00 .88 1.83 .958 117 1.05 .92 1.83 1.33 1.17 1.25 2.00 1.50 .584 .50 Years. Ba- sis. 1845, (boys; high). (boys; low) (foremen) (spinners; high) (spinners; medium) (spinners; low) (spinners — foremen; high) . . .. (spinners — f o r e_m en; low) . . '. 1850, (hemp openers; high). (hemp openers; medium) (hemp openers; low) (lappers; high) (lappers; medium) (lappers; low) (layers; high) (layers; low). (preparers; boys; high) (preparers; boys; low) (preparers; girls). (spinners; high) (spinners; med. high) (spinners; medium) (spinners; med. low) (spinners; low) (spinners, hand hemp) (spinner8,machine; high) (spinners, machine; low) (spinners— foremen) (spinners' helpers, hand hemp; boys; high). (spinners' helpers,  1.06 .856 2.00 1.63 6.00 5.50 5.00 6.00 5.50 5.00 15.00 9.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.36 125 1.13 1.00 7.60 3.50 3 00 2.00 1.50 1.00 75.00 Wages : Glass Makers. 1822, (gaffers) . . . . , d-iy $2.04 1840, (journeymen). wk. $9.81 (journeymen) day 1.05 (boys) day .555 (journeymen). week .54 1845, (gaffers) week .48 1845, (gaffers) week .448 1830, (gaffers). day  .572 (journeymen). day 1.76 (cutters). day 2.05 (women and boys). day .59 1840, (staffers). day 2.87 (hoys).... day .54 (journeymen) day 1.49 (cutlers).... day 2.56 Wages: Gold and Silver Workers. 1839, (women).... day $0.50 1845, (women; high) day .667 (boys; high). day .667 (women; low) day .50 (boys; low). day .663 (boys; high). day .679 (overseers) day 1.46 (boys; medium) day .50 (die sinkers). day 1.50 (boys; low) day .292 (platers — journeymen; (overseers; high). day 2.25 high).... day .292 (platers — journeymen; (platers) — journeymen; medium) day 1.00 high).... day 2.00 (l)laters — journeymen; (platers — journeymen; low).... day .883 medium) day .883 medium) day .883 medium) day .883 (boys; high).  day 2.67 (girls) .... day .374 (platers — journeymen; (boys; high). day .908 high) .... day 2.00 (boys; low) day .75 (platers — journeymen; (overseers) day 1.33 medium) day 1.67 (casters) Medium day, 1.38, (overseers; high). (lay) 3.00, (platers — journeymen; overseers; low) day 2.50, (die sinkers). day 3.00, (platers — journeymen; platers — journeymen; low) day 3.833, (high) day 2.51, (platers — overseers; platers — journeymen; high) day 2.67, (platers — overseers; platers — journeymen; low) day 2.67, (medium) day 2.07, (platers — overBeere; platers — journeymen; low) day 2.00, (medium) day 1.79, (women; high) day 9.88,  (and saddle; low). day $1.25 (with board). day .45 1850, (high).... day 1.75 1825, (high).... day 1.25 (low)................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ day 1.75 (low) .... day 1.00 (piece work, low). day 1.60 (and saddle; high). day 1.50 (and saddle). day 2.00 Wages : Hat Makers. 1845, (high) (low) 1850, (body makers) (curlers). (finishers) 1860, (high) day day wk. wk. wk. day $1.50 1.00 12.00 15.00 12.00 1.75 1860, (low) (bodjf makers; high) (body  Laborers. 1752,  17.59 1760 1761 1762,  168 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Wages : Laborers — Continued. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1764, (hitih) . . ,. day $0,356 1797, (medium) day $0,667 (low) day .328 (low) day .209 1765,. day .333 (carting timber) day 1.83 1766, (high) day .337 1798, (high) day 1.00 (low) day .25 (medium) day .719 mo. 6.00 (low) day .50 1767,. day .333 (on mill). day 1.50 176S,. day .35 1799, (high) day .617 1769,. day .296 (low) day ..50 1770,. day .341 mo. 13.33 1771,. day .339 (with two meals per day) yr- 160.00 1772,. day .333 1800, (high) .... day .82 (boys). day .133 (med. high) day .75 1773,. day .333 (medium) day .692 1774,. day .353 (low) day .333 1775,. day .383 mo. 13.33 1776, (high) day .562 1801, (high) day .899 (medium) day .415 (low) day .64 (med. low) day .85 1777, (high) day .50 (med. low) day .75 (med. high) day .452 (low) day .66 (med. high) day .344 1803, (high) day .803 (low) day .222 (low) day .42 1778,. day .388 1804, (high) day .884 1779,. day .793 (lew) day .667 1780,. day .444 1805, (high)  1806, (high) day 1.27 1783, (high) day .478 (med. high) day .367 (medium) day .93 (low) day .315 1784, (high) day- .40 (low) day .594 (low) day .342 1807, (high) day 1.00 1785, (high) day- .5.56 (medium) day .75 (low) day .40 (med. high) day .652 1786, (high) day .667 (low) day .583 (medium) day .333 mo. 12.50 (low) day .311 1808, (high) day 1.00 1787, (high) day  day 1.43 (boys) day .25 1789,. day .399 1809, (high) day 167 (on schooner) day ..50 (medium) day 123 (with team) day 1.22 (med. low) day .988 1790, (high). day .468 (low) day .333 1810, (high) day 1.33 (boys) day .167 (med. high) day 1.10 1791, (high) day .50 (medium) day 1.00 (low) day .426 (med. low) day .842 1792, (high) day .608 (low) day .505 (low) day .333 1811, (high). day 1.00 1793, (high). Day .979 (low) day .958 (med. high) day .667 (boys) day .25 (medium) day .539 1812, (high). day 1.25 (medium) day .274 (medium) day LOT (low) day .167 (low) day .667 1794, (high). day .833 1813, (high) day 1.33 (medium) day .571 (medium) day 100 (med. low) day .321 (med. low) day .57 1795, (high) day 1.15 1814, (high) day 1.35 (med. high) day .685 (medium) day 1.00 (medium) day .667 (young persons) day 1.50 (low) day .333 (young persons) day .784 1796, (high) day . 1815, (high) day 1.50 (medium) day .629 (medium) day .987 (low) day .60 1797, (high) day 1.00 (cutting wood) day .864 WAGES AND PRICES: 1752-1860. 1901 Wages: Laborers — Concluded. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. Years. Amount. 1815, (in mill) day $1.02 1840, (cordage works; low) day .60 shovel works; high day 1.00 (on sloop) day .75 shovel works; med. high day .76 1816, (high) day 1.74 shovel works; med. low day .76 1845, (high) day 1.25 shovel works; low. day .76 1845, (high) day 1.25 1845, (high) day 1.25 1846, (high) day 1.25 1847, (high) day 1.25 1848, (high) day 1.25 1850, (high) day 1.25 1851, (high) day 1.25 1852, (high) day 1.25 1853, (high) day 1.25 1854, (high) day 1.25 1855,  (high) day. 1.00 (low) day .808 (medium) day .753 (metal work; boys; high) day .50 (med. low) day .583 (metal work; boys; low) day .306 (low) day .382 (paper mill; high). day .795 (shovel works; high) day .795 (shovel works; low) day .735 (stone) day .856 1820, (high) day 1.00 1848, (paper mill). day .898 (medium) day .676 1850, (coniage works; high). day 1.67 (low) day .502 (cord.ige works; low). day 1.04 1821, (high) day 1.00 (locomotive works; high) day 1.02 (medium) day .75 (locomotive works ; me- (low) day .638 dium) .... day .871 mo. 8.0O (locomotive works; low) day .50 1822, (high) day .80 (metal work ; high) day 1.27 (low; day .67 (metal work; med. high) day .903 mo. 13.00 (metal work; medium). day .737 1823, (high). day 1.00 (metal work ; med. low) day :543 (low) . .. day .732 (metal work; low) day .45 1824, (high) .. day 1.00 (metal work ; boys ; high) day .75 (low) day .68 (metal work; boys; me- 1825, (high) .. day .992 dium) .... day .50 (medium) day .709 (metal work; boys; low) day .333 (low) day ..50 (nail works; high) day 1.15 (on highways; high) day .875 (nail works; low). day .989 (on highway^^; low) day .705 (paper mill) day 1.00 (cordage works) day .87 (shovel works; high) day 1.00 1826, (high) day 1.00 (shovel works; medium) day .871 (medium) day .792 (shovel works; low) day .722 (low) day .464 (stone yard). day .976 1827, (high) day 1.25 (woollen mill) day .84 (med. high) day 1.13 18.52, (cordage works) wk. 5.00 (medium) day 1.00 1855, (locomotive works; high) day 1.11 (med. low) day .72 (locomotive works; me- (low) day . .433 dium) .... day 1.00 1828, (liigh) day 1.00 (locomotive works; low) day .841 (medium) day .69 (nail works; high) day 1.34 (low) day ..50 (nail works; low). day 1.11 (woollen mill) day .684 (paper mill; high) day 1.00 1829, .... day .76 (paper mill ; low) day .667 1830 day .735 (stone work). day .875 1833, (high) day 1.00 (woollen mill) day .90 (low) day .875 1857, . . .. day 1.50 1834 day 1.00 (cordage works) day 1.17 1835, (high) day .825 (paper mill) day .971 (low) day .63 1858, (paper mill). day 1.00 (paper mill) day 1.00 (woollen mill) day .96 (on wharf) day 1.25 1859, (paper mill). day 1.00 1837, (cotton mill; high) day .87 (woollen mill) day 1.10 (coltoii mill ; low) day .75 1860 day 1.00 (woollen mill) day .75 (linen mill) mo. 20 00 1838, cotton mill ; high day .87 (on wharf) daj- 1.50 cotton mill; low day .75 (paper mill; high) day 1.25 (woollen mill) day .75 (paper mill; low) day l.Ol 1840, (cordage works; high). day 1.08 (woollen mill) day 1 00 Wages : Machinists. 1837, 1838, (cotton mill; high). (cotton mill; low).  (medium) (low) 1840, (hiah) (medium) (low) day day d;.y day daj- day $1.34 1.17 1.00 1.25 100 .75 170 STATISTICS OF LABOR. "Wages : Machinists — Coxcluded. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1840, (cordage works) day $1.33 1850, (locomotive works; low) day $1.17 1845, (high) .... day 1.92 (metal work; hieh) day 2.fi0 (mefiium) day 1.69 (m.talwork; medium). day 2.00 (low) .... day 1.29 (metal work ; low) day 1.75 (foremen ; high) day 1.75 (shovel works) day 1.50 f foremen; low) day 1.50 (foremen) day 1 84 (paper mill ; high). day 1.50 (helpers) .... day .784 (paper mill: low). day 1.25 1855, (high) .... day 2.50 1846 day 1.33 (med. high) day 2.20 (apprentices). day .608 (medium) day 1.84 (helpers) .... day .817 (med low) day 1.54 1849 day 1.75 (low) .... Day 1.22 1850, (high) .... day 2.00 (apprentices). day .609 (medium) day 1.75 (foremen) day 216 (low) .... day 1.50 (helpers).... day .792 (cordage works) day 1.67 1857, (gold and silver work; (gold and silver work; high) .... day 2.25 (gold and silver work; (gold and silver work; low) .... day 1.68 medium) day 2.00 (woollen mill; high) day 1.50 (gold and silver work; (woollen mill; low) day 125 low) .... day 1.67 (overseers, woollen mill) day 2.50 (locomotive works; 1860, (high) .... day 2.00 high) .... day 2.50 (locomotive works; 1860, (high) .... day 2.00 high) .... day 2.50 (med. high) day 1.50 (med. high) day 1.50  1.25 (locomotive works; me- (linen mill; high). day 1.60 dium).... day 1.57 (linen mill; low) day 1.50 (locomotive works; med. (foremen; high) day 2.50 low).... day 1.34 (foremen; low) day 2.00 Wag-es: Masoiis. 1774 day $0,666 1825, (helpers; low) day $0.90 1788,. day 1.00 1828 day 1.26 1803,. day 1.66 1835, (summer; high) day 1.50 1809, (high) day 1.75 (summer; low) day 1.25 (low) day 1.33 (summer; with board, 1810, (high) day 1.33 high).... day .84 (low) day 1. (summer; with board. 1811,. day 1.50 low) .... day .66 1812,. day 3.25 (winter) .... day 1.00 1813, (high) day 1.74 (winter; with board, (low) day 1.50 high) .... day .75 1815, (summer) (lay 1.21 (winter; with board. (winter). day .88 low) .... day .50 (summer and winter; (foremen; summer; high) day 1.75 with board). day .628 (foremen; summer; low) day 1.50 (foremen; winter). day 1.17 (foremen; summer; with (foremen; summer and board, high) day 1.50 winter; with board). day .88 (foremen; summer; with (helpers) day .88 board, low). day 100 1825, (summer; high) day 1..50 (foremen ; winter). day 1.50 (.-ummer; medium) day 1 25 (foremen; winter; with (summer; low) day 1.00 board) .... day 1.00 (summer; wiih board. (lielpers ; summer ; high) day 1.25 high) .... day .84 (helpers; summer; low) day 1.00 (summer; with board. (het^jers; winter; high) day 1.00 low) .... day .66 (helpers; winter; low). day .90 (winter; with board. 1845, (high) .... day 1.50 high) .... day .75 (low) .... day 1.00 (winter; with board. (summer; with board). daj- .75 low) .... day .50 (foremen ; high) day 1.75 (foremen ; summer and (foremen ; low) day 1..50 winter) .... day 1..50 (foremen; witli board). day 1 00 (fo>-emen : summer and (helpers; high) day 1.25 winter; with board. (helpers; low) day .967 high) .... day 1.25 1860, (and bricklayers ; high). day 1 60 (foremen; summer and (and bricklayers; low). day 1.25 winter; with board. (and bricklayers — fore- low) .... day 1.00 men) .... day 2.00 (helpers; high) day 1.13 (helpers) .... day 100 WAGES AND PRICES : 1752-1860. 171 Wag-es : Metal Workers. Ba- Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis Amount. 1815, (foiiudrymen, skilled). day $1.13 1845, (skilled workmen ; me- (foundrymen, unskilled) day .875 dium) .... dav $1.31 (pattern makers) day 1.13 (skilled workmen; low) day .792 1825, (fonndrymen, skilled; (copper and tinsmiths; high) .... day 1.50 high) .... day 1.50 (foundrymen, skilled; (copper and tinsmiths; (low) . . .. day 1.25 low) .... day 1 25 (fonndrymen, unskilled ; (foundrymen, skilled; high) .... day 1.25 high) .... day 1 50 (foundrymen, unskilled; (foundrymen, skilled; medium) day 1.00 low) .... day 1.25 (foundrymen, unskilled; (foundrymen, unskilled ; low) .... day .84 high) .... day 125 (pattern makers, foun- (foundrymen, unskilled ; dry; high). Day 1.50 low) .... day 100 (pattern makers, foundrymen; high). day 1.25 (pattern makers, ma- (shovel makers, skilled; chine shop). day 1.25 high) .... day 1.73 1835, (foundrymen, skilled; (shovel makers, skilled; high) .... day 1.25 medium) day 1.37 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.25 medium) day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day 1.14 (foundrymen, unskilled; (shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.00 low) .... day LOT) (pattern makers; high). day 1.50 (shovel makers — apprentices (pattern makers Low. Day 1.25 tices; men; high day .6^ 18.37, (jrass founders; high). wk. 10.50 (shovel makers — appren- (brass founders; low). wk. 9.00 tices; men; low) day .en (coppersmiths; high). wk. 10.50 (shovel makers — hand- (tinsmiths; low) wk. 9.00 tices; boys). day .50 (tinsmiths; high). wk. 10..50 (shovel makers — hand- (tinsmiths; low) wk. 900 lers; high). day 2.00 1838, (brass founders; high). wk. 10..50 (shovel makers — hand- (tinsmiths; low). wk. 9.00 tiers; low). day 1.47 (coppersmiths; high). wk. 10..50 shovel makers — hand- (tinsmiths; low). wk. 9.00 hammermen) day 2.12 (tinsmiths; high). wk. 10..50 1850, (foremen; high) Day 2.50 (tinsmiths; low) wk. 9.00 (foremen; med high). day 2.25 1840, (foundrymen, unskilled; foremen; medium) day 1.99 high).... day 1.00 (foremen; low) day 1.75 (foundrymen; unskilled; skilled workmen; high) day 2.00 low).... day .60 (skilled workmen; med. (shovel makers, skilled; dium).... day 1.69 high).... day 1.31 (skilled workmen; med. (shovel makers, skilled; dium).... day 1.50 medium) day 121 (skilled workmen; med. Shovel makers, skilled; low) .... day 1.34 low) .... day 1.09 (skilled workmen; low) day .68 works; high)  hand- (locomotive boiler makers, skilled; low) day 1.00 ers; medium) day 1.52 (shovel makers — rivet- (locomotive boiler makers).... day 1.25 ers; low) day 100 (shovel makers — shear- (locomotive boiler makers).... day 1.25 ers; low) day 100 (shovel makers — trip- (pattern makers, machin- hammermen; high). day 2.25 chine shop). day 1.52 (shovel makers — trip- (shovel makers; high). day 2.09 hammermen; low) day 2.00 (shovel makers; high) day 1.67 high).... day 1.67 high).... day 1.50 172 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Wag-es: Metal Workers — Concluded. Ba- Years. sis. Amount, Years. sis. Amount. 1850, (shovel makers; med. 1855, (apprentices, locomotive low).... day $1.24 works; medium) day $0,648 (shovel makers; low). day 1.00 (apprentices, locomotive (shovel makers; low) day .498 tices; men). day .70 (iron slitters; high) day 1.83 (shovel makers — appren- (iron slitters; med. tices; boys) day .50 high).... day 1.75 (shovel makers — fore- (iron slitters; medium). Day 1.67 Men) .... day 2.50 (iron slitters; low) day 1.50 (shovel makers — hammer- (locomotive boiler makers; high). day 2.00 (shovel makers — hammer- (locomotive boiler makers; low) day 1.50 ers; med. high). day 2.00 (shovel makers — hammer- (locomotive boiler makers, with helpers) mo. 109.80 ers; medium) day 1.66 (shovel makers — hand- (locomotive boiler makers; high). day 1.75 ers; mod. low). day 1.47 (shovel makers — hand- (locomotive boiler makers; medium) day 1.39 ers; mod. low). day 1.00 1860, (copper and tinsmiths; (shovel). Makers — Polish, high, day, 1.75, 1.25, (copper and tinsmiths; shovel makers — Polish, medium, day, 1.50, 1.00, (copper and tinsmiths; shovel makers — Polish, low, day, 1.25, (copper and tinsmiths; shovel makers — Polish, low, day, 1.25,  1.17 1835, (and machinists — fore (low) .... day 1.00 men; high). day $1.68 1815, (and machinists) day 1.13 (and machinists) 1825, (and machinists; high). (and machinists; low). day 1.25 men; low). 1845, (paper mill) 1848, (paper mill). 18.57, (paper mill). day 1.50 1835, (and machinists; high). Day 1.25 1.76 (and machinists; low). day 1.16 1858, (paper mill) day 1.67 Wages: Rail Makers. 1781, day $0.481 1839, (cutters — shoe nails; 1817, (tacks) ... day 1.00 low).... mo. $19.77 (tacks) .... mi). 18.00 1850, (brads).... mo. 35.36 1819, (tacks) .. day 1.00 (shoe nails; high). mo. 53 87 1820, (tacks) ... day 1.00 (shoe nails; medium) mo. 45.01 1822, (tacks; hiah). day 1.52 (shoe nails; low). mo. 34.30 (tacks; low). day 1.25 (tacks; high). mo. 78.89 (tacks; piece work) M. .023 (tacks; med. high). mo. 52.95 1823, (tacks) day 151 (tacks; medium). mo. 38.91 1824, (tacks) day 151 (tacks; medium). mo. 38.91 1824, (tacks) day 1.00 (shoe nails; low). mo. 38.91 1824, (tacks) day 1.00 (shoe nails; low). day 1.25 (tacks; high). mo. 78.89 (tacks; piece work) M. .023 (tacks; med. high). mo. 52.95 1823, (tacks) day 151 (tacks; medium). mo. 38.91 1824, (tacks) day 1.00 (shoe nails; low). day 1.25 (tacks; high). mo. 78.89 (tacks; piece work) M. .023 (tacks; med. high). tacks) .... day 1.35 (tacks; med. low). mo. 34.32 1829, (tacks) day 1.33 (tacks; low). mo. 16 00 18;il, (tacks) day .539 (brads, shoe nails, and 1832, (tack-). day 1.18 tacks; foremen; high) day 2.00 1839, (tacks; high). mo. 76.70 (brads, shoe nails, and (tacks; low). mo. 66.36 tacks; foremen; low). day 1.00 (cutters — brads; high). mo. 44.88 (nailers; hitth) mo. 60 24 (cutters — shoe nails; (nailers; medium). mo. 61.38 (cutters — shoe nails; medium). mo. 44.15 high) mo. 44.81 (nailers; med. low) mo. 32.86 (cutters — shoe Nails; (nailers; low). , mo. 23.96 medium) mo. 33.78 (puddlers; high) mo. 81.68 WAGES AND PRICES: 1752-1860. 173 WAGES: Nail Makers — Concluded. Ba- Yeaks. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1850, (puddlers; low) mo. $74.81 1855, (cutters — tacks; high). mo. $99.34 1855, (cutters — brads) mo. 38.44 (cutters — tacks; med. (cutters — shoe nails; high). 40.32 low) .... mo. 52.18 (cutters — tacks; low). mo. 28.89 Wagons: Painter's. 1801 day $0,625 1838, (carriages and wagons; 1*04,.... clay 1.33 high) .... wk. $9.00 1807 day 1.50 (carriages and wagons; 1812,.... day 1.50 (carriages and wagons; 1812, (house). day 1.13 1840, (carriage; with board). mo. 20.00 (ship and sien) day 1.38 1845, (carriage; high)  glaziers; low) 1.00 high) .... mo. 18.00 1850, (carriage; high) day 1.75 (carriage; with board, (carriage; low) day 1.50 low) .... mo. 15.00 (carriage; piecework). day 2.00 1835, (house; high). day 1.25 1860, (carriage; high) day 2.00 (house; low). day 1.75 (sign; high). day 1.75 (sign; high). day 1.75 (sign; low) day 1.25 (and glaziers; high) day 1.75 1837, (carriages and wagons; (and glaziers; rat-dium). day 1.50 high).... wk. 9.00 (andglaziers; low). day 1.25 (carriages and wagons; low) wk Wages: Paper Mill Operatives. 1815 day $1.13 1848, (rag engine tenders) day $1.01 (women and girls; piece 1850, (bleachers; high). day 1.25 work).... wk. 6.50 (bleachers; medium) day 1.00 1825, (high) .... day 1.33 (bleachers; low). day 1.00 (finishers) day 1.08 (sorters; women and (firemen).... day 1.25 girls; piece work, high) wk. 4.00 (foremen; high) day 2.00 (sorters; women and (foremen; low) day 1.75 girls; piece work, low) wk 3.00 (lay girls) day .40 1835, (machine men) day 1.25 (lay boys; high) day .833 (sorters; women and (lay boys; low) day .343 girls; piece work, high) wk. 4.00 (machine tenders; high) day 1.33 (sorters; women and (machine tenders; low) day 1.17 girls; piece work, low) wk. 3.00 (rag cutters). day 104 1837, (high) day 1.25 (rag engine tenders) day 1.32 (low) day 100 (sorters).... day .50 1838, (high)  (finishers) day 1.16 (finishers) day .452 (lay women) day .333 (lay girls) day .334 (lay girls) day .468 (lay boys) day .468 (machine leaders) day 1.75 (machine leaders) day 1.19 (machine tenders) day 1.17 (rag sorters) day 1.50 (rag sorters; women and (rag cutters) day 1.25 girls; high). wk. 4.50 (rag sorters; women and (scourers and dyers) day 1.82 girls; low). wk. 3.00  .465 (lay boys) day .561 (lay boys) day .85 (machine tenders) day 1.19 (machine tenders). day 1.58 174 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Wages: Paper Mill Operatives— Concluded. Ba- Years. sis. Amount. Years. sis. Amount. 1857, (rag engine tenders) day $1.15 1859, (rag room bands; high) day .833 (rag room bands; low). day .50 (rag room bands; girls) day .50 (bleachers; high). day .50 (rag room bands — fore- (bleachers; low). Day 1.00 Men) .... day 1.38 (stockmen; high). day 1.23 (finishers; low) day 1.25 (stockmen; low) day 1.00 (finishers; girls: high). day .48 1860, (high) .... day 1.83 (finishers; girls; low). day .26 (low) .... day 1.06 (machine tenders; high) day 1.98 (high) . .. wk. 16 00 (machine tenders; me- (low) .... wk. 9.00 dium) .... day 1.42 (women).... day 1.23 (rag cutters; girls) day 1.13 (rag engine tenilers; high) day 1.25 (cutters; women; High) Day .65 (rag engine tenders; low) day 1.00 (cutters; women; low). day .50 (rag room hands; high) day 2.01 (finishers; high) day 1.68 (rag room hands; men) (finishers; low) day 125 dium).... day 1.37 (finishers; women) day .50 (rag room bands; low). day 1.08 (machine tenders; high) day 1.98 (rag room hands; girls; (machine tenders; low) day 1.27 (rag enginetenders; high) day 1.37 (rag enginetenders;  day 1.41 (rag room hands; high) day 1.28 (stockmen; high). day 1.03 (stockmen; low). day 1.00 (rag room hands; women; 1859 day 1.00 (rag room hands; women; 1859 day 1.25 (rag room hands; women; (bleachers; low) day 1.03 (cutters; girls) day 1.67 men).... day 1.45 (cutters; girls) day 1.25 (sorters; women and (finishers; women; high) day 1.50 girls; high). 