None
-X I Chloride, double, of aUiminiutn and sodium, reduction of, by ziuc, 429 Chlorides, alkaline, solutions of, ac- tion of aluminium on, 1(12 anhydrous metallic, preparation of, iHo, 16G bent developed by metals in forming, *Si'2. U33 metallic, solutions of, action of aluminium on, 102 sodium or potassium, apparatus for decomposing, 219 Chlorine, action of, on aluminium, l()(i determination of, in aluminium, GIO gas. action of, on alumina, 112 quHlitative lest for, WJG Chrome-steel, aluminium in, 423,575 Chrouiiuni nnd aluminium, alloys of, 409. 500 determination of, in alnminium, (il7, lilH Chrjsoberyl, 115 Church en alumina in plants, 89 Cider, action of, on aluminium, 94 Clark, J., patents of, AM Clarke, F. W., on tlie percentage of ahiminiuni in the earth's crust, J-9 Cl«ssen, Dr., method of, for deter- mining aluminium in iron and steel, r>22 Clay, manufacture of aluminium sul- phate from, 127 use of, for producing aluminium chloride, 1(»7 Cleaning and pickling aluminium, 45« Cleaver, E., patent of, 424, 425 Cobalt and aluminium, alloys of, 5(10 determination of, in aluminium bronze, (>25 Coehn, reconnnendation of, in melt- ing aluminium 452 CofTtfe, action of, on aluminium, 95, m Coinage, aluminium, 488. 484 requirements of a metal for, 488. 4^4 Color of aluminium, 59, HO alloys. 498 vapor of aluminium, HH Colorado, cryolite in, 4(> native alum in, 50 Columbian Exposition. Chicago, 1893, aluminium exhibit at the, 84 Comenge, M., on the reduction of aluminium sulphide by copper, 417 on the reduction of aluminium sulphide by iron, 418 preparation of aluniin- ium sulphide pro- posed bj', 177 process of, 4 11 Compass boxes, aluminium, 482 Compounds of aluminium, structuir, properties and pre- paration of, h»7- 132 voltage required to decompose, 2:»7 Conductivity, electric, of aluminium. 81,82 thermal, of aluminium, 82 Constructions, use of aluminium for, 487 Cooking utensils, aluminium. 47G use of aluminium for. 4S> Cooper, W. S., castings of aluminium. made by, 447 Copper alloyed with aluminium, pro- duction of, 413, 414 aluminate, 115 and aluminium, alloys of. 5.'>4-57] depositing aluminium on, :-U^. :-.09 determination of, in aluminium. «14 bronze, t524 effect of a small percentage of. on aluminium. 5rH. 5s" on the color of alumin- ium, 59 mal leabi 1 ity of alu minium, 537 elimination of, from aluminium. 449 heat of combination of, with alu- minium, 54<8. 544 nickel and aluminium, allovs of'. 511-516 oxide, action of aluminium od. 105 plating aluminium on, 323. :^24. 4«9, 470 with, 473 qualitative test for, 604i reduction in the presence of. *^r by, 413-418 of aluminium sulphide bv. 23H, 417 INDEX. 643 Copper, salts, voltage required to de- compose, 287 sheet on which aluminium has been rolled, 473 solutions, action of aluminium on, lUl zinc and aluminium, alloys of, 630-533 Corbelli, patent of, 410 process of, for depositing aluminium. 308 Corbtn on aluminium in chrome steel, 575 Corrosion, resistance to, of alumin- ium bronzes, 564 Corundum, 47, 4S value of, 48 Cowles, A. H., aluminium-manganese alloy of, 505, 500 on aluminium bronze for heavy guns, 607, 508 Bros., aluminium-nickel-copper alloys made by, 510 furnace of, aluminium in the soot from, 343 process of. 329-347 furnaces used in the, 332-:i30 products of the furuace of, 341-343 reactions in the process of, 343-347 silicon-aluminium bronze of, 570, 571 test of aluminium brasses made by, 531 , 532 useful effect of the current in the process of, 344, 345 Co., bronzes, tests of, 554, 535, 5-30, 557, 558 (erro-aluminium of the, 574 occurrence in the history of the, 340, 347 on the resistance to corrosion of aluminium bronzes, solders for aluminium bronze recommended by, 570 E. H. and A. H., 28 Electric Smelting and Alumin- ium Co., 28 Electric Smelting and Alumin- ium Co., infringement of the Hall patents by the, 34 invention, 28, 29 process, principle made use of in the, 28, 29 Cowles Syndicate Co., of England, plant of, 340 Creil. France, works at, 20 installation of Minet*s process at, 302 Cross and Hillebrand, description of Colorado cryolite by. Mi Crucible steel, tests of the effect of aluminium on, 580, 681 used in Heroult's process, 388, 300 Crucibles for manufacture of sodium, 2(W melting aluminium, 103, 104. 443, 444 iron, used by Rose, 270, 277 lining for, 307, 444, 445 used at the Froges works, 395 Cryolite, 45-17. 120 action of, on aluminium, 103 quartz, 370 spiegeleisen, 436 advantages of, for reduction, 287, 288 amount of aluminium extracted from, 307 artificial, preparation of, 169, 170 boiling of. in solution of soda, 1((8 commercial, impurities in, 295, 290 cost of, 40 decomposition of, in the wet way, 149-152 experiments on the use of, for producing aluminium, 15 Gratzel on the electrolysis of, 309, 370 Hampe on the electrolysis of, 308-372 importation of, bv the Pennsylva- nia Salt Co., 40 manufacture of aluminium sul- phate from, 127 methods based on the reduction of. Cryolite, pure, composition of, 46 purity of commercial, 867 quartz in, 870 recovering alumina from, 262 reduction of, 285 advantages of the, 281 Wohler's modifica- tions in the, 289 Schmidt on the electrolysis of, 368, 869 typical analysis of, 46, 47 use of, as a flux, 288 in Kleiner's process, 848, 849 Wohler's modifications of reduc- ing, 289 Crystalline form of aluminium, 69 Culinarv utensils, use of aluminium for, 485, 486 Cunningham, Capt, patents of, 81 sodium processes of, 291 , 2«2 Cupellation of aluminium with lead, 459 Curaudau, production of potassium or sodium by, 179, 180 Curie, P., process of making alumin- ium chloride proposed by, 165 Current-density, influence of, 805 effect of the tension of the, 306 Cyanide of aluminium, reduction of, by zinc, 488, 484 Cyanite, 49 Cyanogen, reduction by, 41(^ 41 1 DAGGER, H. T., on the Cowles process in England, 345 Darling, J. D., on the electro-deposi- tion of aluminium, 817. 818 Davenport, R. W., experiments of, 592 experiments of, with ferro-alu- niiuium, 579, 580 explanation by, of the effect of aluminium on wrought iron, 588, 589 Davy, Sir Humphry, experiment of, to decompose alumina, 819 experiments of, 4,5 isolation of so- dium by, 179 Debray on aluminium bronze, 539 Decorations, use of aluminium for, 479 D'Eichthal, M., 15 ** Defender," the. 478 Delaware, kaolin in, 49 Dental plates, alloy for, 520 aluminium for, 480, 481 cast aluminium, 446 of aluminium, 98 Dentistry, use of aluminium in, 481 Desilverizing process, addition of alu- minium to the zinc used in the. 629, 580 Deville-Castner process, the, 24, 27(>- 273 cost of aluminium by the, 273 H. St. Claire and Bunsen's meth- ods of decompos- i n ff alumininm- sodium chloride by the batten-. 820-:i24 composition of mix- tures used bv. 2^>^. 261 controversy between, and the Tissier Brothers, 18, 14 experiments of, in reducing alumin- ium compounds. 250-252 first production of aluminium fluor- ide by, 119 improvements in the man u facture of so- dium by, lfc(MH4, 197-201 method for deter- mining silicon rec- o m m e n d e d bv, 608, 1509 method of, for de- termining fluorine. 616, 617 method of, for de- termining iron (and aluminimn). 611,612 metliod of, for de- termining sodium. 615, 616 method of, for prt- , paring alumma, 184, 135 INDEX. 645 Devtlle,H.St.Claire,methodsof, based on the reduction of cryolite, 285-287 methods of, for re- dacing^ aluminium chloride by s o - dium. 2o2-2o7 on action of air on aluminium, KS, 84 on action of caustic alkalies on alu- minium, 90 on action of nitre on aluminium, 104 on action of nitric acid on alumin ium, 90 on action of organic acids on alumin- ium, 92, 93 on action of solu- tions of metallic salts on alumin- ium, 100, 101 on action of sul- phuretted hydro- ;i(en on aluminium, 80, 87 on action of sul- phuric acid on aluminium, 88 on action of water ■ on aluminium, 85, j m ! on aluminium-boron ; alloys, 497, 498 on aluminium-lead allovs, 503 on aluminium-mer- cury alloys, 500 on aluminium-sili- con alloys, 517, 618 on aluminium-sodi- um allovs, 521 on aluminium-zinc alloys, 528, 529 on casting alumin- ium, 445 on color of alumin- ium, 59 on crystalline form of aluminium, 09 on effect of iron on aluminium, 572 on freeing alumin- ium from impuri- ties, 449, 450 Devil le, H. St. Claire, on freeing alu- minium from slag, 447,448 on fusibility of alu- minium, 65 on gilding and sil- vering of alumin- ium, 472 on melting alumin- ium, 442, 443 on soldering alumin- ium, 458, 459 on soldering alumin- ium bronze, 509 on sonorousness of aluminium, 67, 08 on veneering with aluminium, 469, 470 on volatilization of aluminium, 66 process for preparing aluminium fluor- ide recommended by. 170 process for utilizing aluminous fluoride slags used by, 148, 149 process of, amount of aluminium made by the, 36 process of, for de- composition of cryolite in the wet way, 149, 150 process of, for pre- paring aluminmm chloride on a small and a large scale, 153-157 process of, for pre- paring artificial cryolite, 169,170 process of, for reduc- tion of aluminium compounds, 257- 208 production of alu- minium by, 8 researches of, on alu- minium, 9-16 test by, of aluminium bronze, 55(5 work by, on alumin- ium, 16 Dewar, Prof , on the relative electrical resistances of metals, 82 646 INDEX. Diaspore, 113 Dick and Percy, experiments of, 28S- Discoloration, removal of, from alu- minium, (K) Disthene, 49 laminated, Duvivier's experiment with, 319. 320 Ditte, A., on action of nitric acid on aluminium, sulphuric acid on alumin- ium, 88 water on alu- minium, hO Drawing aluminium, 454 Ductility of aluminium, 70, 77 Dufour, on the velocity of sound in aluminium, 00 Dullo, M., on reduction of the double chloride of aluminium and sodium by zinc, use of common clay for producing aluminium chloride. Ui7, 1(58 Dumas, M., on gases in aluminium, 57 Dust, aluminium. 76 Duvivier's experiment with laminated disthene. 319, 3:iU Dyuamo-electric machinery, advances in the. 24 machines, use of, first proposed, 320 ELASTICITY of aluminium. 09, 70 Electric arc, reduction of disthene in the. 319 conductivity of aluminium, 81, 82 current, mechanical and ther- mal equivalent of the, 301 furnace. Mierzinski on the use of the. 27, 28 Siemens', \l1 lights, shades of aluminium for, 479 processes, classification of non- aqueous, 318 non-aqueous, of depositing aluminium, 3l^-4i'l welding of aluminium, 457 Electricity, decomposing power of,2.^6 reducliou of aluminium com- pounds bv. 230, 301-401 Electricity, reduction of aluminium compounds bv other means than, 402-441 sodium com- pounds by, 219-225 Electro-chemical equivalent of alu- minium, ^!0l deposition of a metal, 304, 315 thermal methofis, 318 Electrolysis of molten caustic soda, 22?:-225 sodium chloride, 222, 2.3 Elements, different, heat developed by sulphur combining with, :35 generated bv the combi- nation of al- u m i n i u m with, 228 heat given out by, combining en- ergetically with oxj-gen, "iid positioH of aluminium in the periodic classification of the, 107, 108 Elevators, use of aluminium on, 479 Ellery-Howard Co.. New York, use of aluminium plates for printing by the, 489 Emanuel, P. A., processor, 406 Embroidery, aluminium in, 475 Engineering instruments of alumin- ium. 482 England, amount of aluminium pro- duced in, 36 first aluminium works in, 18 kaolin in, 4^ Engraving aluminium, 456 Equivalent, chemical, of aluminium, 301 electro-chemical, of aluminium, 301 Esrher, Wyss & Co., aluminium ves- sels built by, 470 Ettmiiller, discovery by, 2 Eureka Tempered Copper Co., claim of the, 4o;< Evrard, M., production of aluminium bronze by, 414 FALLS OF THE RHINE, alumin- ium works at. 3^8 Farmer, M. G., alloy of, 531 INDEX. 647 Farmer, M. G., apparatus patented by, for obtaining aluminium elec- trically, 811 patent of, 347 Faraday and Stodart, aluminium-iron alloy obtained by, 575 investigations of, on iron -aluminium al- loys, 422, 423 on sonorousness of alu- minium, 6S thermal conductivity of aluminium, 82 Faure, C. A., process for producing aluminium chloride patented by, 160,167 proposition of, 398, 399 Fanrie, G. A., claim of, 413 process of, for prepar- i n g aluminium bronze, 415, 416 Paustman & Ostberg Mitis Foundry, experiments at the, 577 Feldman. A., method of, 362, 363 Felsobanyte, 127 Ferric oxide, action of aluminium on, 1(»5 Perro-alu minium, 574 analyses of, 342 -aluminium, analysis of slags formed in producing, 342 claims for, m foundry use, 593, S96 effect of, on the g^ain of iron, 6<H,602 increase in elasticity of iron by the addition of, 6(MI, 601 in fluidity of iron by, 6()2 in hardness of iron by, 603 in tr a ns ve rse strength of iron by the addition ol, 5im, 600 manufacture of, 425 mode of adding to iron, 596 practical benefit to poor iron from, (»o:^-604 resuiis of adding, to iron, ()05,(506 reduction in the shrinkage of iron by, 602, 603 -aluminiums, annlysis of, 618-623 Field glasses, aluminium, 481 Films of aluminium, color of, by transmitted light 60 Findlay, Ohio, plant at, 432, 433 Fischer, Dr. F., on Braun's process for depositing alu- minium, 311 Gratzel's patent claims. 328 Fizeau on the expansion of aluminium by heat, 77 Flash-light powder, use of aluminium for, 48J), 490 Fleury. A. L., process of, 40S Fluoride of aluminium, reduction of, theoretically considered, 2^{4, 235 Fluorides of aluaiinium. 119-120 role of, as a flux, 2*17. 258 table of the heat of formation of, 234 Fluorine, action of, on aluminium, 106 determination of, in aluminium, 616, 617 gas, action of, on alumina, 112 isolation of, 234 Fluorspar, action of, on aluminium, 102, 103 Flux and slag, influence of, on the aluminium, 253 Foods, action of on aluminium, 94,96 Forks, aluminium, 486 Fowler, Dr., patent of, for using alu- minium in dentistry, 481 Fracture of aluniiniuni, 60, 61 France, aluminium industry, in 19,20 amount of aluminium produced in, 36 bauxite in, 41 kaolin in, 49 operation of the Hall process in, 362 Fremy, M., on the preparation of al- uminium sulphide, 174-176 French Guiana, deposits of bauxite in. 41 Frishmuth, Col. Wm., aluminium man- ufactured by, 32. Fruits, juices of, action of, on alumin- i ium, m ' Funiace, Cowles Bros'., 334-336 aluminium in I the soot from, 34:^ | products of the. 34 J -343 ' electric, Mierzinski on the use of ; Uie, 27, 28 i peculiar product formed in the, 499 1 for continuous manufacture of sodium in cylinders, 191, j 192 mitis castings, 58<5. 580 prociuction of sodium, 2(IK Gerhard's, 289 Grabau's, 2im Gratzel's, 326, 327 Niewerth's, 411,412 Omholt's, 354 reduction, 2(k) reverberator}', melting alumin- ' ium in the, 414 Siemens' electric. 27 Thomson's, for preparing alu- mina from cr>'olite, 144, 145 used in H^roult's process, 388, 390 ' Fusibility of aluminium, 65, 66 Fusion of aluminium, latent heat of, 79, 80 GADSDEN, H. A. , method of ob- taining alu- minium pat- ented by, 164 ' patent of, 269 Gahnite, 115 Galanaugh, aluminiiim rowing shells of, 478 Gallium and aluminium, allovs of, 600, 501 Galvanizing bath, aluminium-zinc alloy as an addition to the, 5l9 Gas, absorption of, by aluminium, 452 -fixtures, aluminium, 479 Gaudin, process of, for reducing alu- minium, 325 Gehring, Dr. G., method of, for coat- ing metals, stoneware, etc., with aluminium, 471 GeofFroy on the base of alum, 2 Georgia, bauxite in, 41 Bauxite and Mining Co., 41 kaolin in, 49 Gerhard, F. W., furnace of, 289 process of, 40(J, 407 Gerhart, C. H., aluminium works of, 18 German armv, use of alumininm in the. 96 -silver, alloy of, with aluminium. 538 depositing aluminium on, 308, 309 Germany, aluminium industry of, 18 Gibbsite, 113 Gilchrist, P. A., investigations of, on aluminium in steel, 579 Gilding aluminium, 472 Glaci^re, works at, 15 Gmelin on the amalgamation of alu- minium, 507 Gold and aluminium, alloys of, 501- 603 heat of combination of. 502, 503 Niimberg, 501 plating aluminium with, 473 Gore, G., experiments of, 307 on electro-deposition of al- uminium, 315 process of. for depositing aluminium, 308, 309 Grabau, L., advantages of the process of, 2S)9 apparatus of, 364, 365 electrolytic process of, 400 on electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, 222, 223 patent of, for reducing aluminium compounds by phosphorus, 440, 441 patented improvements of, 32 process of, 294-300 for producing aluminium fluoride, 171- 173 Graphic formula.' of aluminium cont- pounds, 1C8, 109 Gratzel, R., furnace used by, 326, 327 on the electrolysis of cryolite, 369 patent of, 437 process of, 24, 326-329 Greene and Wahl, patent of, for pro- ducing pure me- tallic manga nese. 105, 106 production of pure manganese by. 436 INDEX. 649 Greene, Dr., experiment of, 486 Hampe, Dr. W., ezperitnents of, 200 Green, R. E., process of, 44)9, 410 on electro-deposition Greenland, difficulties in obtaining of aluminium, cryolite from, 280 316 occurrence of cryolite in, 45 electrolysis of cry- Grill-work, aluminium, 479 I olite, 368-372 Grinding, polishing and burnishing I reactions in aluminium, 455, 456 Cowles' process. Grove battery, use of aluminium in j 344 the, 91 reduction of alum- Grousillier, H. v.. improvement of, ina by carbon, 270 416, 417 Griiner and Lau, on the reduction of Handy, J. O., on the determination aluminium in the blast furnace, of silicon, 610, 611 423 Hardening aluminium, 452, 453 on aluminium in pig iron, 575 and annealing aluminium Guns, heavy, aluminium bronze for, bronzes, 561 567, 568 Hardness of aluminium, 61, 62 Hare, Dr., experiments of, 4 HALL. C HAS. M., electrolytic j Harvey Filley Plating Co., electro- method of, I deposition of aluminmm by the, 310 25, 26 Haurd, J as. S , electro-deposition of process of, ' aluminium by, 310 372-386 Hautefeuille, process of, for making heat developed crystallized aluminium fluoride, and distrib- • 170. 171 uted in the , Head-lights, aluminium reflectors for, process of, 384 479 patents of, 373, Heat, calories of, absorbed by acety- 374. 375 lene, 241 process, opera- , developed and distributed in tion of, in; Hall's process, 384 France, 362 by the combination of some not antedated of the elements with chlo- b y Deville, rine, bromine or iodine, 232 324 expansion of aluminium by, 77 reactions and formula for calculating the, of efficiency combustion of hydrogen of the gas, 240 process for expressing the, in carbon, of, 383- 240 386 for, of formation of carbonic in the pro- oxide, 240 cess of, for, required to decompose 384 alumma, 239 summary of pro- ' generated by the combination of cess of, aluminium with the different 374 elements, 228 -voltage required given out by elements combining todecom- energetically with oxygen, 229 pose the of the formation of fluorides, bath of, table of the, 234 238 specific, of aluminium, 77-81 Halotrichite, 126 Helbig on aluminium amalgam, 509 Hampden Emery Co., 47, 48 Hellot on the base of alum, 2 Hampe, Dr. W., analysis of Cowles Helmet, aluminium, 475 Bros', bronze by, Hemelingen, Aluminium and Mag- 341 nesium Fabrik at, 24 6so INDEX Hemelingen, works at, 328 Hercules metal, 51() Hercynite, 116 prol)able occurrence of, in iron ore, 4i9 H^rouli-alloy process in the United Slates, :.0, 81 and Kiitani, apparatus of, for producing pure aluminium, 39 i electrolytic process of. on aluminium, 80. 87 reaction with, of neutral so- lutions of aluminium salts, 111 union of, with o:c3*gen to form water, 220, 227 ILLINOIS Pure Alnminium Co., manufacture of culinary utensils by the. 485 India, corundum in. 47 Instruments, astronomical and philo- sophical, use of aluminium bronze for, 567 surgicnl, 480 Iodide of aluminium, 118 Iodine, action of, on aluminium, 100 Ireland, deposits of bauxite in, 41 Iron aluminate. 115 -aluminium alloys, Brin Bros*. process of pre- paring, 425 Cleaver's patent for producing, 424, 425 Faraday and Stod- art's investiga- tions on, 422, 423 preparation of, by an alumin- ium com- p a n y in Kentucky, 425, 426 of, by the Alu- minium Pro- cess Co., 42t>, 427 and aluminium, alloys of, 572- 005 (and aluminium), determination of, in aluminium, 011-014 blast furnace, reduction of alo- minium in the, 429 INDEX. 651 Iron, Castner's process of removing, from alumiuiuxii-sodiiiin chlo- ride, 1(>3 commercial, aluminium taken up by, 574, 575 composition of, used in testing the effects of ferro- aluminium, 5J)7 determination of aluminium in, «2I, 622,023 of, in aluminium bronze, 624 of, modification of Deville's method. 61 2-014 does the aluminium remain in castings of? 61»8, 599 effect on grain of, b^the addition of ferroalummium.Hidl ,602 of, on the malleability of alu- minium, 75 melting point of alu- minium, 66 elimination of, from aluminium, 44» increase in elasticity of, by the addition of ferro- aluminium, GOO.COl fluidity of, by ferro- aluniinium, 602 hardness of, by alu- minium, COH transvefse strength of, by the addition of ferro-alumiuium, 699, 600 influence of, on aluminium, 572 the melting point of alumin ium. 572. 578 poor, practical benefit to, from ferroaluminium, 61 »H, 604 practical results of adding ferro- aluminium to, (105. 606 puddling, influence of aluminium in, 504, 59-3 qualitative.test for, 606 reduction by and in presence of, 41>-t2i) in the shrinkage of, by ferro- aluminium, 602. cm of aluminium sulphide by, 286 rdle of, in aluminium, oii salts, voltage required to decom- pose, 237 wrought, effect of aluminium on, 581-595 explanation of the increased fluidity of. by the addition of aluminium, 589, 590 Ivins. E., process of, for making me- tallic tubes, 454 JABLOCHOFF. P., apparatus of, for deconif.osing sodium or po- tassium chlorides, 219 Jacquemont, M., 15 Jarvis, G. A., improvement in the manufacture of sodium patented by, 203 Javel, methods used by Deville at, 252-257 Jeangon, J. A., process of, for depos- iting aluminium, H09, 810 Jewelry, use of aluminium for, 501, 502 Johannes, I. H., alloy of, 504 Joule on the amalgamation of aln- minium, 507 Julien. Capt., tests by, of aluminium- copper alloys, 537 Juniata Valley, manufacture of alu- minous pig-iron from the iron ores of the, 428 T/AGENBUSCH'S process, 825,326 1\ Kalait, 131 Kamarsch, test of aluminium wire by, 70 Kaolin, 48, 49 composition of, 48 deposits of, 49 formation of, 48 properties of, 48, 49 value of, 49 Karsten, experiments of, 4 on wooiz steel, 576 Keep, J. Kerl and Stohmau on engraving alu- ' minium, 456 Kettles, steam, of aluminium, 486 Kiliani, Dr.. modifications in H^r- oult's process by, t^O Klaproth, experiments of, 4 Kleiner, Dr. E., process of, 25, 347- 353 electri cal power con- sumed in, 352 purity of the aluminium ^ prod u c e d by,;«2,358i trial of process of, at Neuhausen, 88S Knife, use of, in testing the quality of aluminium, 62 Knives, aluminium, 480 | Knowles, patent of, 410 Kopp on the specific heat of alumin- ; ium, 78 Kosman,Dr., on reactions in Castner's process, 215-217 Cowles* process, 344 Krauchkoll on aluminium amalgam, ' 609 Krupp*s works, apparatus erected at, 293, 294 LACE, aluminium in, 475 La Glaci^re, improvements in the manufacture of sodium at, 197-199 Lamps, safety, of aluminium, 479 Land, C. H., process of, for soldering aluminium, 405 Langley, Prof. J. W., on aluminium- chromium alloys, 499 expaii sion , of alumin- 1 ium by heat, 77 spec i fi c ' gravity of a 1 umiu - ium, 64 Latent heat of fusion of aluminium, < 79, 80 Laur, F., on French bauxites, 44 | process of, for calcining bauxite, 143 ' Lauterbom, F., decomposition of alu- minium sulphide bj antimony and car- bon proposed by, 438 on reduction of alu- minium sulphide by iron, 418 patent of, 433, 434 for preparing aluminium sulphide. 178 Lavoisier on alumina, 3, 4 Lead and aluminium, alloys of, 503, 504 cup>ellation of aluminium with. 450 determination of, in aluminium, 614 bronze, 624 oxide, action of aluminium on, UV5 qualitative test for, 606 reduction by, 4^^5, 436 separation of, from aluminium, 449 solutions, action of aluminium on, 101, 102 Leaf, aluminium, 7H beating and tempering of 451 Lebedeff, process of, 409 Le Chatellier, method of, for reduc- ing aluminium com- pounds, 324, 325 on tensile strength of annealed aluminium wire, 73 test by, of resistance of annealed alumin- ium bronze, 500 tests by, of tensile strength of alumin- ium bronzes, 555 Lechesne, 515 Lerlebuhr on aluminium-iron allovs. 674 Lejeal, on aluminium-chromium al- loys, 5<10 -cobalt alloys, 500 -lead alloys. 504 -nickel alloys, 511 -titanium alloys, 526 Le Roy. G. A., tests by, of the'actioo of sulphuric acid on aluminium, 89 Lessiveur m^thodique, 146 INDEX. 653 Ive Vcrrier, determinations by, of the melting points of alu- minium bronzes, 548 on carbon in commercial aluminium, 57, 68 on diminishing the amount of silicon in aluminium, 45J on evolution of gas by molten iron, 593 on nitrogen in commercial aluminium, 58, 59 on specific heat of alu- minium, 78 process of preparing alu- minium carbide by, 124 study by, of the melting points of aluminium- copper alloys, 534, oHo tests by, of aluminium-ti ; tanium al- loys, 5::6, ' 5:27 -tun g s t e n alloys, 527 I^vy, L., on aluminium- titauium al- loys, ;'2(5 Lieber, R., process of, for preparing alumina. 141, 142 Light, obtaining of, by burning alu- minium. 49(1 I^ixne-kiln for furnishing carbon di- oxide, 147 phosphate of, action of, on alu- minium, 106 water, action of.on aluminium, 100 Ivisle, Dr., analysis of native alum by. 50, 51 experiments of, 4<H), 410 in reducing alumin- ium sul- phide by zinc, 4Ho on reduc- tion o f alumin- ium com- po u n d s by tin, 439, 440 on removal o f zinc from alu- minium, 4.30 on electro-deposition of aluminium, 316 I^ithographic plates, use of aluminium for, 488, 489 Lock port, description of CowlesBros*. process as carried on at, SSS- 339 Hairs experiments at. 376 Locomotive bead lights, aluminium reflectors for, 479 Lorenz, L., on the thermal conduc- tivity of aluminium, 82 Lossier, method of, 353, 354 Low carbon steel, aluminium for, 578 Lowig, experiments of, in precipitat- ing solution of sodium alumiuate, 143 Lubbert and Roscher, investigations of, on the action of organic acids on aluminium, 93, 94 Lunge, Prof. G., tests by, of the action of organic acids upon aluminium, 94-96 MABERY, Prof. C. F., 28 on a peculiar product formed in the electric furnace, 499 on produc- tion of alu- minium by C o w 1 e s Bros*, pro- cess, 329- 331 process o f making al- umi n i u m ch 1 o r i d e patented )y, 16.3 MacKellar, T., type-metal of. 504 Macquer on the earth of alum, 3 MacTear, F., on Castner's sodium process, 207-212 Magnesia, heat developed in the re- action of, on aluminium chloride, 233 Magnesite, calcined, for lining cruci- bles, 444, 445 Magi]estum, action of, on aluminium fluoride, 2:^5 aluminate, 115 and aluminium, alloys of, 504,505 reduction by, 4i^7, 4^S8 of alumina, 229, 230 of aluminium sulphide bv, 236 e: 654 INDEX. Magnesium salts, voltage required to decompose. 2H8 und Aluminium Pabrik, direc- tions b)', for preparing alumin- ium bronzes, />4<>, 547 Magnetism of aluminium, 67 Malleability of aluminium, 75, 76 influence of sili- con ou the, 518 Mallet on action of caustic alkalies on aluminium, 99 color of aluminium, 59 elasticity of aluminium, 69 fusibility of aluminium, <>5 malleability of aluminium, 75 specific gravity of alumin- ium, 62 heat of aluminium, 77. 78 production' of aluminium nitride by, 125 Manganese and alumiuium, alloysof, 505, 506 analysis of allovs of; (>26 determination of, in aluminium bronze 625 dioxide, action of aluminium on, lt»5 heat developed in the reaction of, on aluminium chloride, 2.S8 oxide, action of aluminium on, 4.S6 pure metallic, method of produc- ing, 105, 106 production of, 436 reduction by, 436 of aluminium sulphide by, 236 salts, voltage required to decom- pose, 287 Mann, A., patent of, 417 Mannesmann, addition of tungsten to aluminium recom- mended by, 5J7 process of cold rolling, 454 Marggraff on alum and its earth, 2 Margottet, M.. description by, of ap- paratus for the prep- aration ofaluminium chloride, 157-159 on action of alumin- ium ou solutions of metallic chlorides, 102 Margottet, M., on action of hydrogen sulphide on aluminium, 87 Marsliall Furnace. Penua., aluminium in pig iron produced at the, 428 Mat on aluminium, 456 Medicine, use of aluminium in, 480. 481 Melting aluminium, 442-445 ponit of aluminium. OtS points of aluminium-copper al- loys. 5^5 -tin alloys, o25 Menge, patent of, 347 Mercurous chloride, action of alu- minium on, 106 Mercury and aluminium, alloys of, 506-509 bottles, manufacture of sodium in, 185-190 solutions, action of aluminium on, lOl Metal, electro-deposition of a, 304, 305 mitis, analyses of, 584, oH5 method of treatment of,585,5.Sti quality of the, produced by Minet's process, 361 requirements of a, for coinage, 483, 484 Metallic chlorides, anh^^drous, prepa- ration of, 165, 16G solutions of, action of aluminium on, 102 oxides, action of aluminium on, 105, 106 salts, action of solutions of, on aluminium, 10(;-102 Metals, alkaline, reduction of, theo- retically considered, 237 coating of, with aluminium, 307. 308, 41>9-472 effect of a small quantity of alu- minium on, 494, 4li5 heat developed by, in forming chlorides, 232, 233 influence of aluminium on the color of, 4tU other, comparison of production of, with aluminium, 38 order of the aflinity of the, for sulphur, 236 various, prices of, 6L 65 relative electrical resistances of, 82 weights of, to give a cer- tain strength, 74, 75 specific gravity of, (i4 heat of aluminium cpm- pared with, 81 INDEX. Metals, veneering of, with aluminium, Mit 473 Mendon, tests of aluminium-copper alloys at, 5;H7 Michel on aluminium-iron alloys, 578 -manganese allo3's, oU5 -nickel alloys, 510 -titanium alloys, 52(5 -tungsten alloys, 527 Mierzinski,Dr. S., on the electro-depo- sition of alumin- ium, 316 I on the use of the electric furnace, ' 27 28 Mo '• Mignon," the, 470, 477 o Military uses of aluminium, 475, 47G Mo Milk, action of, on aluminium, 94 n Miller, C. B., anti-friction alloy of, 504 Mo Milling screens, 5()7 o Milton, England, aluminium works Mo at, 340 Milwaukee, the American Aluminium ' Company of, 3<>5 Minargent, 51J, 512 Mine work, use of aluminium for, ' 479, 4M) Mineral soda, 27tt Minet, A., electrolytic process of, 354- , 3()2 j of, composi- tion and Mo; properties p of the Mo baths used in the,, 357. 358 of, disposi- tion of the apparatus in the, Mo 355-357 , Mo experiments of, 26 Mo installations of the process of, 361 . 362 on aluminium-tin alloys, 514, 5-25 on silicon in aluminium,51!'' Mu on strength of aluminium a strongly worked and an- nealed, 74 \J results of the experiments [\ of, 359-361 Nai test by. of an aluminium- tin alloy, 523 views of, 35S, 35J) voltage required to decom- pose the bath of, 239 6s6 INDEX Nanterre, prpcess for utilizing alu- minous fluoride slags used at, 148, 149 rationale of the process used atf 257 works at, 15 Napoleon III., assistance of, 11, 12 interest of, in alumin- ium, 475 Nelson, recommendation by, 478 Neojjen, 512 Netto, Dr. C, patents of, 31 process of, 290-294 for the pro- duction of sodium, 217-219 andSaloman, processes of, 81 Neuhausen aluminium bronzes, test of, 5^")8. 559 tests at, of the suitability of aluminium bronze for boats, 5W> works at, 29, 888 manufacturing cost of aluminium at the, 397, 898. selling price of alu- minium at the, 897 New Kensington, Pa., aluminium works at, 382 New Mexico, deposit of native alum in, 50 NewportjKy., aluminium works in, 408 Niagara Palls, aluminium works at,882 Nickelandaluminium, alloys, 510.511 analysis of, 626 use of alloy of, on the *' Defender," 478 bronzes containing, 512-515 copper and aluminium, alloys of, 511-516 determination of, in ^uminium bronze, 625 plating aluminium with, 478 salts, voltage required to decom- pose, 287 Nicolai and Langenbach, process of, for soldering aluminium, 466 Niewerth, H., patent of, 418, 419 process of, 411-418 for the re- duction of alum in- ium com- pounds,268 Nitrate of aluminium, 180 Nitre, action of, on aluminium, Ivi puriBcation of aluminium by, 44^* Nitnc acid, action of, on aluznininm. iX), 91 cold, amount of the action of, on aluminium, 9U, 91 resistance of aluminium to. 488 Nitrogen and aluminium, compounds of, 125 effect of, on aluminium, 58. .3!* presence of, in commercial alu- minium, 58, 59 Nobel's furnace for mitis castings, 585, 586 Novel, J., alloys for soldering recom- mended by, 464, 4(W> Niimberg gold, 501 ODOR of aluminium, 66, 67 Oersted, experiments of, ti in reduc- inj;^ alu- minium c o m - pounds. 246-247 Ohio, native alum in, 50 Oil, action of, on aluminium, 94 Oldbury, England, aluminium works at, 28,212-215,270, 1:71 mode of conduct in^^ the reduction at, 271. 272 Omholt, I., furnace of, 354 Opera glasses, aluminium, 48] Organic acids, action of, on alumin- ium, 92-97 secretions, action of, on alumin- ium, 98, 99 Osmond, Mr., on the melting point of aluminium-iron alloys, 5^s Ostberg, Mr., explanation by, of the rationale of the pro- cess of making miti^ castings, 587 on manufacture of ferro-aluminium, AS* on strength of mitis castings, 587 Overbeck and Niewerth, process of. for depositing aluminium, 311, .'U2 Overheating of aluminium, 452 Oxides, metallic, action of aluminiuoi on, 105, 106 Oxygen, heat given out by elements combining energetically with. 229 Oxygen, union of hydrogen with, to fonn water, 22G, 2:^7 PACHNOUTE. 121 Painting, protection of aluminium boats by, 478 Pans, evaporating, use of aluminium for, 4a5 Paracelsus, separation of alum and vitriols by, 2 Paraluminite, 127 Paris Exposition, 1889, aluminium industry at the, 83 Parke's process, addition of alumin- ium to the zinc used in, 529, 530 Passaic Art Casting Co. » Passaic, N. J. , castings in aluminium made by the, 446, 447 Passementerie of aluminium, 76, 475 Patricof t, England, works at, 382 Pearson and Pratt, patent of, for the reduction of aluminium in the iron blast furnace, 429 Liddon and Pratt, patent of, 404 Turner and Andrews, claim of, 413 Peligot, cupel] ation of aluminium by, 4-30 Pennsylvania Salt Company, purity of cryolite from the, 367 use of cryolite by the, 45, 4() Percy, Dr., experiments of, 17 on aluminium bronze, 538 in pig iron, 575 and Dick, experiments of, 2HS- 28.5 Periodic classification of the ele- ments, position of aluminium in the, 107, 108 Perspiration, action of, on alumin- ium, 98 Peters, Mr., on the analysis of ferro- alnminiums, 619 Petitjean on preparation of a double sulphide of aluminium ana sodium, 177 process of, 408, 409 Petroleum furnace for mitis castings, 585 Philadelphia Public Buildings, coat- ing the iron work of the tower of the, with aluminium, 316, 317 Phosphate of lime, action of, on alu- minium, 106 Phosphates of aluminium, 130 Phosphor-aluminium bronze, 571 42 Phosphorus and aluminium, alloys of, 516,517 chloride of, 117, 118 reduction by, 440, 441 Pickling and cleaning aluminium, 456 Pieper; process for preparing artificial cryolite patented by, 170 Pig iron, presence of aluminium in, 574, 575 irons, aluminium in, 423, 427-429 Pionchon on the specific heat of alu- minium, 79 Pittsburgh Reduction Co., 26 aluminium- nickel alloys of the, 511 -titanium alloys ma de by the, 526 cost of pro- ducing al- uminium bythe,381 enlargement and re- moval of the plant of the, 381,382 mechanical tests of al- uminium by the, 70-72 modeof pol- i s h i n g sheet alu- minium used by the, 45<> organization and plant of, 376 rem el ting plant of, 379 suit of the, against the Cowles Co., 346. 347 Testing Laboratory, analyses of commercial aluminium by the,5^> 658 INDEX. Plants, alumina in, 39, 40 Plates, aluminium, 486 Plating on aluminium, 472, 478 Platinum, plating of, on aluminium, 473 Polishing, burnishing and grinding aluminium, 40*5, 45H Pontoons, aluminiimi, 47B Potash alum, 128 Potassium aluminate, 114 and sodium, Netto*s patents for the reduction of, 31 reduction of aluminium compounds by means of, :i4*f-3()0 chloride, apparatus for decom- posing, 219 dangers of handling, 181 heat developed in the reaction of, on aluminium chloride, 233 reduction of aluminium sulphide by, 23() salts, voltage required to decom- pose, 2i{7 Pott on the base of alum, 2 Pressing of almcinium ware, 4o5 Pressure, influence of, on aluminium powder, H<3 Proctor, B. S., on the resistance to corrosion of aluminium bronzes, oB4, 5t>o Propeller blades, aluminium bronze for, 5UH, 5()0 Puddling, influence of aluminium in, 594 Pumps, use of aluminium bronze for, 5(>7 Purification of aluminium, 447-452 Purple alloy of aluminium and gold, 592 ore, use of, in Castner's sodium process, 208 QUARTZ, occurrence of, in cryolite, 37.. RAILWAY carriage, aluminium, 478 Rammelsberg, Prof. , investigations by, of the dif- ferent states of silicon in aluminium, 5h on the forms in which silicon occurs in alu- minium, 609 Reactions, chemical, of aluxninium salts. 111 in the Hall process, 384 Reagents, ordinary, impossibility of the reduction of alumina bv. 230 reaction with« of neutral solutions of aluminium salts. 111 Reduction by double reaction. 411- 413 furnace, 266 of alumina by acetylene g^as, 241 aluminium chloride or alumin> ium-sodium chloride, methods based on the. 246-300 compounds by electric- ity, 236 by other means than sodium or electric- ity, 402-441 theoretically consid- ered, 226-245 cryolite, methods based on the, 274-300 Reflectors, use of aluminium for, 47V» Re^elsber^er, F., on the determina- tion of silicon, 610 Regnault on the specific heat of alu- minium, 77, 78 Reichel on preparation of altunin- ium sulphide, 17B reduction of aluminium sulphide by cop- per, 417 by iron. 418 Reillon, Montague and Bourgerel, pat- ent of, 4(if* process for producing alumin- ium s u 1 - phide pat- ented br. 1 4 f Reimar, G. W., statement by, 4it« Reinbold, H., recipe of, for deposit- ing aluminium, 312 Republic Mining and Manufacturing Co., 41 Rheinfelden, projected aluminium works at, 395 Rhine Falls, plant at the, 388, 3JM, 3^15 Ricciardi on the assimilation of alu- mina by plants, 39, 40 INDEX. 659 Richards, J., alloy of, as an addition Saint-Micbel, Savoy, installation of to the galvanizing Minet*s pro- bath, 529 cess at, 362 bronze invented by, 583 works at, 26 on an aluminium-tin al- Salindres, apparatus for preparing al- loy, 523, 524 uminium chloride at,, on buffing and burnish- 157-159 ing aluminium, 455,456 expense of the process in solder of, for aluminium, use at, 267, 26S 467-469 preparation of alumina at. Rifle, aluminium bronze, test of an, 137-141 566, 567 principal chemical reac- Riley, B., analyses by, of mitis metal, tions in the process used 584, 585 at, 265 Roberts- Austen, Prof. W. C, on alu- process in use at, 264-268 minium-gold alloys, 501, 502 works at, 15 Rocca, manufacture of alum in, 1 Saliva, action of, on aluminium, 94 Roche on aluminium-antimony al- Saloman and Netto, processes of, 31 loys, 496 Salt, common, reaction of, on baux- Rock alum, 1 ite, 142 Rogers, Prof., analysis of pure cryo- 1 Salts, basic, of aluminium, 110 lite by, 46 metallic, action of solutions of, experiments of, in re- on aluminium, 100-102 ducing sodium com- neutral, of aluminium, 110 pounds, 219-222 Sauer, C, process of, for soldering on wootz steel, 576 aluminium, 464 process of, 3()5-368 Sauerwein, process of, for the decom- Rolling aluminium, 453, 454 position of cryolite, 150, 151 Roman, B. I., solder of, for alumin- Sauvage, F. H., alloy of, 512 ium, 466, 467 Savaresi, experiments of, 4 Roscoe, Sir H., on the sodium works i Savoy, installation of Minet*s pro- at Oldbury , 21 2-21 5 cess in, 362 Rose, H., experiments of, 17 Scales, aluminium, 482 in the reduc- Schaffhausen, aluminium works near, tion of alu- j 388 m i n i u m I Schering, use of Gratzel's process compounds, by, 328 274-283 Schlosser, directions by, for soldering Rossiter & Co., aluminium boats con- for alummium bronze, structed by, 478 569, 570 Rossler, patent of, 530 solder for aluminium re- Rouen, history of the works at, 14 commended by, 462, 463 Roussin on the precipitation of alu- Schmidt, Dr. O. , on the electrolysis minium by magnesmm, 437 of cryolite, 368, 3()9 Rowing shells, aluminiam, 478 Schuch, decomposition of cryolite ac- Royal Gun Foundry, Woolwich, tests ; cording to, 151, 152 of aluminium bronzes in the, 554, Schulze, Fr., test of, 608 555, 556 Scientific instruments, use of alumin- Rupp, tests by, of food kept in alu- ium for, 481-48;^ minium vessels, 94 Sea-water, action of, on aluminium, Ruprecht and Tondi, experiments 97, 98 of, 4 Secretions, organic, action of, on alu- minium, 98, 9?) SAARBURGER, letter of, on the Sel alumineux, 2 Gratzel process, Selenide of aluminium, 1 22 328 Selenites of aluminium, 129 process, 24, 25 Selenium and aluminium, alloys of, 51 9 Safety-lamps, aluminium, 479 chloride of, 117 66o INDEX. Self, E. T>., test by, of aluminium Silicon, reduction by, 441 bronzes, ooT, o58 r61e of, in aluminium, 53 Sellers, Mr., experiments of, on the : Silliman, Prof. Benj., experiments use of aluminium with iron in of, 6 casting, 595 Silver and aluminium, alloys of, o]^>- Sellon, J. S., process of, for soldering 521 aluminium, 404 analysis of alloys of, Scnet, M. L., process of, for deposit- 626 in^ aluminium, 81 1 chloride, decomposition of, by Sestmi, on the solution of alumina in carbonated waters, 1«31 aluminium, 106 sub-chloride, bromide and Sevrard, M., process of, for plating iodide of , as a flux in sol- aluminium on copper and brass, dering aluminium, 466 409, 470 determination of, in aluminium, Sextant, aluminium, 481, 482 615 Seymour, F. J., patent of, 432, 433 plating aluminium with, 473 Shaw, Thos., phosphor-aluminium qualitative test for, ()0G bronze of, 571 salts, voltage required to decom- Sheet-iron, coating of, with alumin- pose, 237 ium, 471,472 solutions, action of aluminimn Shimer, P. W., on the occurrence of on, 101 spinel in blast-furnace slags, 115 sulphide, decomposition of, br Ships, use of aluminium for, 97, 98 aluminium, 87 Siderite, occurrence of, in cryolite, 149 veneering aluminium with, 478 Siemens, Sir W. , electric furnace of, 27 Silvering aluminium, 472 -Martin steel, basic, effect of alu- Slag, freeing aluminium from, 447, minium on, 578 448 Silicates and borates, action of, on or flux, influence of, on the al- aluminium, 103, 104 uminium, 253 of alumina, extraction of alumina Slags, blast-furnace, occurrence of from, 142 spinel in, 115 of aluminium, constitution and composition of, 262, 263 properties of, 132 formed in producing bronze, anal- Silicon- aluminium bronze, 570, 571 ysis of, 342, 34i? and aluminium, alloys of, 517-519 ferro-alum inium, bronze, Evrard's process for pro- analysis of, 342 ducing, 414 utilization of aluminous, 148 condition of the, in aluminium, 56 Smith, Dr., patents of, 432 determination of, in aluminium. Smith, Prof. E. F., method of, for de- 008-611 termining aluminium in iron and bronze, steel, 62:^, 623 024 Soci^t^ Anon3mie La Ferro-Nickel. different states of, in aluminium, aluminium-nickel-copper alloy 56 made by the, 515 diminishing the amount of, in al- Electro-Metallurgique Fran^aise, uminium, 452 3(^ double role of, in aluminium, works of 518, 519 I tbe.m. effect of, on aluminium, 518 396 malleability of alu- Metallurgique Suisse, 29 minium, 75 i plant of the. melting point of al- 388-390 uminium, 66 Soda alum, 129 elimination of, from aluminium, mineral, 45 449 Sodium, advantages of, over potas- experiments on aluminium con- slum, 181 tainin^, 450, 4*51 aluminate, 114 graphitoidal, 56 precipitation of, 143 INDEX. 66l Sodium-aluminium chloride, 117 analyses of the residues from the , production of, 210 and aluminium, alloys of, 521 i chloride, reduction of, by zinc, 429 manufacture of chloride of, 152-168 sulphide of, 177 potassium, Netto's patents for the reduction of, 31 reduction of aluminium compounds by means of, 24()-:^00 apparatus for condensing, 180 reducing, condens- , ing and heating ! in the manufac- ture of, 185 carbonate, separation of, from alumina, 148 cast-iron vessels for producing, 199 Castner*s process of manufactur- ing, 203-217 chloride, action of, on alumin- ium, 97, 98 apparatus for decomposing, 219 calories required for the de- composition of, 369 molten, electrolysis of, 222, 223 composition of mixtures used in the manufacture of, 182-184,194 compounds, reduction of, by elec- tricity, 219-225 continuous manufacture of, in cylinders, 190-194 cost of, 22, 201 by Castner*s process, 210 crucibles used in the production of, 208 determination of, in aluminium, 615. 616 Deville's improvements in the manufacture of, 180-194, 197-201 methods of reducing alumin- ium chloride by, 252-257 early manufacture of, in the United States, 17 first patent granted in the United States on the manufacture of, 204 fluoride, injury to crucibles by, 263 furnace for the production of, 208 Sodium furnaces, experiments of Tip- sier Brothers on, 13 heat developed in the reaction of, on aluminium chloride, 233 evolved in action of, on alu- minium fluoride, 235 history of, from Davy to Deville, 179, 180 manufacture of, 179-225 in mercury bottles, 185-190 method employed in the manu- facture of, 182 minor improvements in the man- ufacture of , 201-203 patents, Castner's, 23 perfection in the process of pro- ducing, 10, 11 phosphate, reactions with, of neutral solutions of aluminium salts. 