None
Herpes Zoster. — This remarkable eruption is associated with THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 483 disturbances of the peripheral nerves, usually an inflamma- tion of the sensory ganglion itself or of the nerve. (Rosenow,®^ in a recent study, has been able to pro- duce in rabbits and other animals herpes of the skin, tongue or lips, and lesions in the corresponding spinal ganglion by the intra- venous injection of emulsions of extirpated tonsils, of mixed and pure streptococcal cultures from tonsils or pyorrhoeal pockets, and of streptococci in pure culture from the spinal fluid. In the affected ganglion were found, as a rule, hemorrhages and round- cell infiltrations, and Gram positive diplococci and short chains. — Ed.) The mere loss of a sensory nerve or ganglion does not cause nutritional disturbances in the skin or mucous membranes. This has been sufficiently proved by the results of extirpation of the Gasserian ganglion for facial neuralgia.®* After such extirpa- tions, trophic disturbances of the skin over the face or of the mucous membrane of the nose or mouth do not occur. Even the cornea and conjunctiva remain intact if protected from direct injury. The keratitis observed in animals after excision of the trigeminus is due to the dry condition of the eye.®^ Since in man the eye may be kept moist by proper precautions, no keratitis necessarily results after the nerve is severed. LITERATURE ' Munch, med. Wochenschft., 1896, Nos. 8 and 9. ' D. Gerhardt : Grenzgebiete, xiii, 501. 'Weed: Jour. Med. Research, 1914, xxvi (N. S.), no (lit.). 'Weed: Jour. Med. Research, 1914, xxvi( N. S.), 91 (lit.). 'These subjects have recently been reviewed by Gushing: Jour. Med. Re- search, 1914, xxvi (N. S.), I, and by Frazier, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 191S, Ixiv, II 19. * Gushing : Grenzgebiete, ix and xviii ; Amer. Jour. Med. Sc, cxxiv and cxxv (N. S.) ; Kocher, in the Nothnagel System; Leonhardt, Zeitschft. f. Chirurgie, Ixxi, 35. ' Grashey : Allg. Zeitschft. f . Psychiatrie, xliii, 267. ' See Sauerbruch : Mitth. a. d. Grenzgeb., 3rd suppl., 1907. ' Wernicke : Gehirnkrankheiten, iii, 253 ; Striimpell, Spez. Path. u. Therap. ; Oppenheim, Die Geschwiilste d. Gehrins, in the Nothnagel System. "" Gowers : Diseases of the Nervous System, ii ; Elschnig, v. Graf e's Arch, f. Ophthalmologic, xli, II, 179. " Lenhartz : Miinch jned. Wochenschft., 1896, Nos. 8 and 9. "Cf. Falkenheim and Naunyn: Arch. f. exp. Path., xxii, 301. "See Quincke: Deutsche Klinik, vi, 3Si (Mod. Clinical Medicine); AUard, Ergeb. d. inn. Med., iii, 100 ; Stadelmann, Grenzgebiete, ii, 549. " See Schmidt- Rimpler, in the Nothnagel System ; Abelsdorf, in Lewandow- sky's Handbuch, i, 873; Elschnig, 1. c. ; Leber, in Grafe-Saemisch. Handb., V, 759- 484 THE BASIS OF SYMPTOMS "Grashey: 1. c. ; Kocher, in the Nothnagel System; Gushing, Grenzgebiete, ix, ^^Z\ and Amer. Jour. Med. Sc, cxxiv, 37s; Sauerbruch, Grenzge- biete, 3rd suppl., 1907, 939. " Gushing : 1. c. and Amer. Jour. Med. Sc, 1903, cxxv, 1017. " Cf. Kocher : 1. c. ; Trendelenburg and Windscheid, Neurolog. Zentralbl., 1909, xxviii, 1 194. "Bethe: Allg. Anat. u. Phys. d. Nervensystems, 1903; Nissl, Die Neuronen- lehre, 1903. " Mann : Monatsschrift f . Psych, u. Neurol., xii, 280 ; Bruns, Berl. klin. Wochenschft., 1900, Nos. 25 and 26. "Consult Striimpell, Ziehen, Kraepelin and the studies of Breuer and Freud; Binswanger, Die Hysterie, in the Nothnagel System ; Kohnstamm, Thera- pie d. Gegenwart, 191 1. " Liepmann : Das Krankheitsbild d. Apraxie, 1900 ; Die Storungen d. Han- delns bei Gehirnkranken, 1905 ; Heilbronner, in Lewandowsky's Handb., i, 983 (lit) ; Wilson, Brain, igo8. ''Erb: Kongr. f .inn. Med., 1904, 104; Bing, Beihefte z. Med. Klinik, 1907, No. 5; Erb, Miinch. med. Wochenschft., 1910, Nos. 21, 22 and 47 (lit.). ""Erb: Die Thomsenesche Krankheit, 1886; Jensen, Arch. f. klin. Med., Ixxvii, 246. '"See Striimpell: Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk., viii, 16 (lit). " Frenkel : Die Behandl. d. tabischen Ataxie, 1900 (translation into English by Freyberger) ; Forster, Die Physiol, u. Path. d. Koordination, 1902; Lewandowsky, Ataxie, in Lewandowsky's Handb., i, 815. ^ Hering : Arch, f . exp. Path., xxxviii, 266, and Neurolog. Zentralbl, 1897, No. 23. " Beevor and Horsley : Philosoph. Trans., 1900, clxxxi, 129. '^ Goldscheider : Zeitschft. f. klin. Med., xv, 82. =° Friedreich : Virch. Arch., Ixviii, 168. ""Erb: Neurol. Zentralbl., 1895, No. 2; Vierordt, Berl. klin. Wochenschft., 1886, No. 21. " Frenkel : Neurol. Zentralbl., 1897, Nos. 15 and 16. »" Frenkel : Neurol. Zentralbl., 1896, No. 8. " Striimpell : Arch, f . Klin. Med., xxii, 332 ; Heyne, ibid., xlvii, 75 ; v. Ziemssen, ibid., xlvii, 89. "Striimpell: Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk, xxiii, i. "'Liithje: Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk, xxii, 280; Bickel, Miinch. med. Wochen- schft., 1903, No. 5. ™Exner: Pfluger's Arch., xlviii, 592; Striimpell, Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk, xxiii, i. ■" See Ande Tomas : La fonction cerebelleuse, 1911 ; Babinski, Revue de medicine interne, 1909. "Edinger: Neurol. Zentralbl., 1910, 706. '° Handb. d. Neurologie, i, 362. "Sternberg: Die Sehnenreflexe, 1893, 272. "Integrative Action of the Nervous System, 1906; t^ber d. Zusammenwirken d. Riickenmarkreflexe, in Asher-Spiro, Ergeb., 1905, iv, II. "" L. R. Miiller : Zeitschft. f . Nervenheilk, xxi, 86. *■ See Sternberg: Die Sehnenreflexe (lit.); Lewandowsky, Handb. d. Neu- rologie, i, 582 ; G. Hoffmann, Rubner's Arch., 1910, 223. ** Sternberg: 1. c, 178; Jendrassik: Arch. f. klin. Med., lii, 569. *" Cf. Bickel : Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk., xxi, 304. ■"Sternberg: 1. c, 142 (lit) ; D. Gerhardt, Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk., vi, 127; Bruns, Arch. f. Psych., xxv, 759, and xxviii, 133; Nonne, ibid., xxxiii, 393; Kron, Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk., xxii, 24; Kausch, Grenzgeb., vii, S4I. ""Munk: Sitzungsber. d. Preuss. Akademie, xHv. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 485 " Jendrassik : 1. c; Ziehen, Ergebnisse, etc., 6i6; Strumpell, Zeitschft. f. Nervenheilk., xv, 254. " Arch. f. exp. Path., xliv, 369; Meyer, Festschrift f. Jaflfe, 297. °°Loewi and Hans Meyer: Arch. f. exp. Path., Schmedeberg Festschrift (1908), 355. "■ See Monakow : Gehirnpathologie, in the Nothnagel System ; Lewandowsky, Handbuch, i, 685. "Munk: Du Bois' Arch., 1896, 564; Sitzungsber. d. Preuss. Akad., xxxi, 823. "" Monatschefte f. Psych, u. Neurol., i, 409; iv, 45, 123. " Pfliiger's Arch., Ixx. " See Sternberg : Die Sehnenreflexe, etc., Leyden and Goldscheider, Krank- heiten d. Riickenmarks, 117; Munk, 1. c. "Die Kontrakturen bei d. Erkrankungen d. Pyramidenbahn, igo6. " Mobius : Diagnostik, 2nd edit. ; Stephan, Arch, f . Psych.^ xviii, 734, and xix, 18. " Bonhoeffer : Monatshefte f. Psych, u. Neurol., i, 6, and x, 383. "" Bonhoeffer : Monatshefte f. Psych, u. Neurol., iii, 239 °° Foerster : Die Mitbewegungen, 1903. " See especially Binswanger : Die Epilepsie, in the Nothnagel System ; Fuchs, Wiener klin. Wochenschft., 1910, No. 17. "v. Frey: Berichte d. Kgl. S. Gesellschaft d. Wissenschaften, math.-phys. Kl., March 4, 1895 ; Abhand. d. Sachs. Ges. d. Wissenschaften, xxiii, 175. " Uber den Schmerz, 1894. "Head: Kongr. f. inn. Med., 1909, 168; Head, Rivers and Sherren, Brain, 1905, 1908. "^ Goldscheider: Mediz. Klinik, 1911, No. 8; Zeitschft. f. klin. Med., Ixxiv, 270. " See Ziehen : Ergebnisse, etc., 604. " Cf. Hartmann : Die Orientierung, 1902 ; v. Cyon, Das Ohrlabyrinth als Organ, etc., 1908. "^ Bickel : Deutsch. med. Wochenschft., 1901, No. 12. "Kreidl: Pfliiger's Arch., li, 119. "Hitzig: Der Schwindel, in the Nothnagel System (lit.). " See Frankl-Hochwart : Menieres Symptom-Complex, in the Nothnagel Sys- tem (lit.) ; Barany, in Lewandowsky's Handbuch, i, 919; J. R. Ewald, Vortrag auf. d. siidwestdeutschen Neurologenversamm., 1910. " Ziehen : Ergebnisse, etc., 604. "Goldscheider: Uber den Schmerz, 1894, 24 et seq. ; Schaffer, Neurolog. Zentralbl. 1909, 224. " See Nissl : Die Neuronenlehre, 1903 ; Held, Die Entwickelung d. Nervenge- webes, 1909; Bielschowsky, in Lewandowsky's Handbuch., i, 3. "Jour, of Exp. Zoology, iv, 239; ibid., ix, 787. See also Barker, Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1906, xlvi, 929, 1006; Ingebrigsten, Studies from the Rocke- feller Inst., 1914, xviii, 350. "Bethe: AUg. Anat. u. Phys. d. Nervensystems, 1903. "See Marinesco: Neurol. Zentralbl., 1892, 463, 505, 564 (lit.); Bethe, 1. c; Marinesco, La cellule nerveuse, 1909. "Rumpf: Arch. f. klin. Med., Ixxix, is8;Reiss, Die elekt. Entartungs- reaktion, 191 1, 76. " Jamin : Exp. Untersuchungen zur Lehre v. d. Atrophic gelahmter Muskeln, 1904 (lit.). ""Erb: Elektrotherapie, and edit.; Biedermann, Elektrophysiologie, 1895; Reiss, 1. c. '^Cf. Achelis (Schenck) : Pfliiger's Arch., cvi; Reinecke (Verworn), Zeit- schft. f. allg. Phys., viii, 422; Schenck, Marburger Sitzber., 1904, No. 2. " Wiener : Arch, f . klin. Med., Ix, 264. "Krehl: Unpublished experiments. " Cf. Wilke and Meyerhof : Pfliiger's Arch., cxxxvi, i. 486 THE BASIS OF SYMPTOMS " Reiss : I. c. " Rumpf : 1. c. " See Wiener : Arch, f . klin. Med., Ix, 264. "^ Quincke : Arch, f . klin. Med., xlii, 492 ; Steinert, Zeitschft. f . Nervenheilk., xxiv, i. " Goldscheider : Berl. klin. Wochenschft., 1894, 421 ; Steinert, 1. c, and Arch, f. klin. Med., Ixxxiv, 445. " Charcot : Lectures ; Charcot, Progres med., April i, 1893 ; Striimpell, Miinch. med. Wochenschft., 1888, No. 13. " Sulzer : Anat. Untersuchungen iiber Muskelatrophie artik. Ursprungs, Fest- schrift f. Hagenbach-Burckhardt, 1897. " See Bing : Arch, f . klin. Med., Ixxxiii, 199 ; Forster, Charite-Annalen, xxxii. "' Charcot's Lectures ; Weizsacker, in Brun's Beitrage, iii, 22 ; Kredel, Volk- mann's Vortrage, No. 309. " Oppenheim and Siemerling : Arch, f . Psych., xviii, 98, 487. " Rosenow and Oftedal : Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1915, Ixiv, 1968. "' F. Krause : Die Neuralgie d. Trigeminus, 1896. "E, V. Hippel, Jr.: Graefe's Arch., xxxv, 217 (lit,). GENERAL INDEX Abderhalden reaction, i86, 187 Abdominal angina, 259 Abdominal muscles, function of, 290 Absorption, disturbances of gastric, 2S4 of intestinal, from alteration of bowel contents, 282 in absence of bile, 265 in diseases of bowel, 282, 283 in pancreatic disease, 273, 274 Acapnia, as a cause of shock, 88 Accelerator nerves, influence of, upon heart beat, 55 Accidental murmurs, 75 Acetanilid, action of, on red blood- corpuscles, 120 Acetic acid, in urine, in metabolic dis- orders, 329 Acetone bodies, formation of, 328-332 occurrence of, 329 in diabetes, 330, 358 toxic action of, 332 Achylia gastrica, 237 gastric motility in, 250 Acid intoxications, effect of, upon the heart, 332 upon the nervous system, 332 upon respiration, 210, 224, 332 upon the temperature, 332 origin of, 328 treatment of, 333 Acidosis, in chronic hepatic disease, 328 in diabetes mellitus, 330, 332, 333, 358 nature of, 329 origin of, 330 respiratory disturbances due to, 210, 224, 332 Acids, organic, origin of, in intes- tinal contents, 281, 330 in the body, in metabolic dis- orders, 327, 328, 329 in the stomach, in stagnation, 246 significance of, in the causation of diarrhoeas, 287 toxic manifestations of, 332 Acromegaly, relation of hypophysis to, 372 Adams-Stokes symptom-complex, dis- turbances of cardiac rhythm in, 68 Addison's disease, significance of adrenals in, 336 Adenie. See Pseudoleuksemia. Adolescence, albuminuria of, 421 Adrenalin. See Epinephrin. Agglutination and agglutinins, 174 Aggressins, 157, 190, 279 Air, effect of composition of, on respiration, 215, 218 of pressure variations of, on res- piration, 215 on the blood, 143 Air-passages (see also Respiratory), infections of, 153 stenoses of, pulsus paradoxus in, 70 respiratory disturbances in, 201-204 sterility of the lower, 153, 199 Albumin, percentage of, in the blood- serum, 137 Albuminuria, 420-425 alternation of, with haemoglobi- nuria, 118 causes of pathological, 423 of physiological, 420, 421 due to circulatory disturbances, 423 to intoxications, 423 following ingestion of egg-albu- min, 426 psychic disturbances, 421 cold-baths, 421 in amyloid kidney, 419 in diabetes, 359 in haemoglobinsemia, 121 in the infectious diseases, 421, 423 in nephritis, 423, 424 injuries of renal epithelium, rela- tion of, to, 422-424 occurrence of, in families, 421 orthotic, 421 pathogenesis of, 422 physiological (functional), 420 relation of, to renal oedema, 140 results of, 428 total daily excretion of, 423 varieties of albumin in, 422, 424, 426 Albumosuria, in metabolic disturb- ances, 326, 427 in fever, 398 487 488 INDEX Alcoholism, chronic and gout, 367 arterial changes in, 86 as a cause of cardiac weakness, 37 of increased blood-pressure and cardiac hypertrophy, 30 dilatation of heart in, 30, 31 effect of, upon accumulation of fat, 313 upon the body temperature, 410 Aleuksemic leukaemias, 127, 129, 132 Alexins, 165, 188 action of, 118, 166, 167, I73~i74 source of, 165 varieties of, 169 Alkaptonuria, 334-336 Allergy. See Anaphylaxis. Amboceptors, 165, 166, 167, 168, 189 action of, according to Ehrlich's side-chain theory, 166 according to Metchnikoff, 189 effect of cold upon, 118, 160 relation of, to alexins, 165, 166 Aminoacids, in hepatic disease, 326 in the blood, 138, 139 normal metabolism of, 335 of the urine : origin of, from hy- drolytic cleavage of pro- teids, 32s, 326 normal, 326 source of, 33s Ammonia, excretion of, as urea, 327,. 333 in urinary stasis, 433 increased formation of, patho- logical, due to proteid de- struction, 327, 328 physiological, 327 role of, in neutralization of harmful acids, 327, 328, 334 Amyloid degeneration of the kidneys, behavior of heart in, 26, 32 oedema in, 92 urine in, 419 Anaphylactic shock, 87, 179, 205 Anaphylaxis, 178-187 development of, during immu- nization, 178 infection and, 183, 184 local reactions in, 183, 186 mode of origin of, 180, 181 passive, 180 relation of, to hay fever, urti- caria, eclampsia and echino- coccus disease, 184-186 to infection, 183, 184 serum disease as a manifestation of, 180, 185 symptoms of, 179, 181 transmission of, 180 Anaphylatoxin, 181, 183, 184 in relation to fever, 404 Anasarca, cutaneous, factors under- lying, 89-94 Anaemia, 102 acute, due to hemorrhage, 103 aplastic, 115 blood-ilow in, 89 blood, in pernicious, iii-iiS in secondary mild and moder- ately severe,! 10, III body temperature in, 112 bone-marrow in, 106, 115 chronic, 104 cardiac insufficiency in, 41 due to deficient and improper food, no to repeated hemorrhages, 109 types of, 109 differentiation of various forms of, 112, 113, 114 essential (Biermer) type of, 112- 114 gas interchange in lungs, in, 219 general blood changes in, 105, 106 in miners, 104 mild and moderately severe sec- ondary, causes of, 104, 109, no nervous system in, pernicious, 112 nutritional disturbances in, 319 oedema in, 94 pernicious, in primary, 109 pulse frequency in, 55 severe, course of, 114 Aneurism of the aorta, hypertrophy of left ventricle in, 23 stenosis of upper air-passages caused by, 200 Angina, abdominal, 259 Angina pectoris, 79 etiology of, 79 sudden death, due to, 80 symptoms of, 79, 80 vasomotoria, 80 Ankylostoma duodenale, anaemia due to, 104, 113 Anoci-association, 88 Antianaphylaxis, 182, 185 Antibodies, action of, with antigen, 173 content of, in immune sera, 176 immunization with prepared, 162 increase of, in the body, 162 persistence of, in the blood, 161, 162, 171 source of, 167, 170 Antiferments, in the blood-serum, 138 INDEX 489 Antigens, characteristics and action of, 172, 173 Antiperistalsis, gastric, in pyloric stenosis, 255 oesophageal, 234 intestinal, in ileus, 285, 294 normal, in colon, 28s Antitoxins, action of, 170, 176 origin of, 162, 170 union of, with the proteids of the blood, 170 Anuria, in renal circulatory disturb- ances of nervous origin, 416 in uraemia, 431 Aortic insufficiency, blood-pressure in, 14 character of heart-tones in, 74, 75 combined with aortic stenosis, 19 compensation in, 33, 35 effect of, upon lungs and respira- tion, 13, 35 murmurs in, 74, 75 pain in, 78 pulse in, 35 pulse-pressure in, 14, 83 relative, 12 significance of syphilis in etiology of, 10 Aortic stenosis, 15 bradycardia in, 61 heart murmurs in, 75 hypertrophy of left ventricle in, 15. 23 precordial pain in, 78 Aortic tones, character of, in chronic nephritis, 74 accentuation of, 71 Aplastic anaemia, 115 Apoplexy, blood-pressure in, 447 cause of, 448 symptoms of insult in, 448, 449 Appetite, and hunger, 257, 258 causes of loss of, 258 disturbances of, in affections of mouth, 230 influence of, on secretion of gas- tric juice, 238, 240 loss of, in fever, 404 Apraxia, 450 Arneth's classification of the poly- nuclear leucocytes, 121 Arrhythmia, cardiac, 62-70 accompanying lesions of His bundle, 42, 45, 67 as a result of disturbances of conductivity, 42, 45, 67, 69 associated with dyspepsia, 70 due to cardiac muscle disease, 69 due to poisons, 70 Arrhythmia, cardiac, due to vagus stimulation, 45, 67, 69, 70 extrasystolic, 63 in nervous conditions of heart, 69 perpetual, 65 reflex, 63, 70 respiratory, 69, 70 sinus, 70 Arsenic, value of, combined with iron, in chlorosis, 109 Arseniuretted hydrogen poisoning, composition of bile in, 261 haemoglobinaemia in, 117 Arterial paralysis, 85 heart beat in, 55 symptoms of, 86 Arteries, hypertension in, 81 increased resistance in, in neph- ritis, 26, 27, 28 inflammatory lesions of, 27, 87 influence of heart upon, 80, 88 narrowing of, in cases of local dilatation elsewhere, 2, 80 rupture of, 34 sclerosis of, 80 significance of, in the circulation, 80 spasm of, 27, 79, 81 tonus of, 26-28, 80 varying diameter of, 80, 88 Arteriosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy due to, 20, 22 cardiac insufficiency due to, 37, 39, 48 contracted kidney associated with, 27 disturbances of locomotion due to, 452 heart sounds in, 72 increased arterial pressure in, 22, 23, 80, 84 in diabetes, 359 pulse-pressure in, 83 vasomotor disturbances in, 88 Arthritis alkaptonurica, 335 deformans, 481 and focal infections, 153 Artificial pneumothorax, 213 Ascites, chylous and chyliform, 94 with anasarca, 91 Asphyxia, arterial spasm in, 85, 223 blood in, 222 heart-beat in, 59, 223 nervous disturbances in, 223 occurrence and manifestations bf, 103, 222 urine in, 416 Associated movements, 466 Asthenic bulbar paralysis, 452 490 INDEX Asthma, bronchial, 204-206 behavior of lungs in, 205, 206 complications and exciting causes of, 205 nature of paroxysm in, 205, 206 nervous, 205 relation of, to anaphylactic shock, 205, 206 symptoms of, 204 Asthma cardiac, causes of, TJ lungs in, 78 Asthma dyspepticum, 211 Ataxia, 450, 4SS-4S8 and centripetal influences, 455 in cerebellar disease, 458 tabetic, 454 origin of, 455 types of, 458 Atelectasis, pulmonary, 213 " Athlete's heart," 29 Atmospheric pressure, effect of, on blood, 143 on respiration, 215 Atony of the stomach, 253, 254 Atophan, in gout, 370 Atrophy, muscular, through disuse, 477. Baths, cold, albuminuria following, 421 in fever, 401 Beer, effect of excessive use of, on alimentary glycosuria, 344 on the formation of fat, 313, 31S on the heart, 30, 2,^ on the kidneys, 30 Belching, 235 Benzene therapy in leukaemia, 129, 131 Beta-oxybutyric acid in the urine in diabetes, 329, 330, 358 in metabolic disorders, 328-332 Biermer's anaemia, 112. (See also Pernicious anaemia.) blood regeneration in, 114, 115 Bile, action of, on pancreas, 275 changes in, due to action of poisons on blood and liver, 261 effect of exclusion of, from Intes- tines, 265 in hjemoglobinasmia, 116 pigment content of, in conditions of stasis, 260 resorption of, into circulation, 266-^68 Bile, resorption of, effect of, upon the body, 270 upon the heart-beat, 60, 270 Bile secretion, anomalies of, in amount, 260, 261 in composition, 260, 261 in intoxications, 261 disturbances of, by bacterial action, 262 by calculi, 261 by exclusion from intes- tines, 265, 266 INDEX 491 Bile secretion, effects of disturbed : jaundice, 265, 266 upon the intestines, 265 Bile, stasis of, and biliary calculi, 262, 264 anatomical changes in liver in, 270, 271 cerebral symptoms in long- continued, 271 local from obstructions in smaller capillaries, 267 Biliary colic. See Gall-stones. Biliary salts, effect of, on pulse, 60, 270 on red blood-corpuscles, 117 Black-water fever, 117 Bladder, causes of tenesmus of, 437 innervation for emptying of, 459 Blood, conditions essential to arterial- ization of, 208 effect of composition of, upon respiration, exter- nal, 219 internal, 223, 224 upon the secretion of urine, 426 in acid intoxications, 224 in anaemias, los, 106, no, 111-116 in burns, 119 in cardiac dilatation, 141, 142 in changes in atmospheric pres- sure, 143-145 in chlorosis, 107-109 in circulatory disorders, 141, 142 in congenital heart lesions, 50 in gout, 368 in hydraemia, 139-141 in leukaemia, 129^133 in nephritis, 140, 141 in phosphorus and carbon mo- noxide poisoning, 145, 219, 225 in pseudoleukaemia, 128, 130, 132- '34. Casts in urine, in nephritis, 425 Cells, destruction and solution of, 165 effects of, on increase of living substance, 311 effect of nervous system upon, 474 ferments of, and the splitting of proteid, 325, 326 gas metabolism of, 197, 223-225 oxygen need in, 223, 224 metabolism of, 304 proteid destruction in, 327, 397, 398 proteid nepd in, 306-308 _ sugar need in, 343 resistance of, to bacterial poisons, 161, 278 side-chains of, 166 Cerebral concussion, 447 embolism, 449 hemorrhage, 448 Cerebral cortex, circulatory disturb- ances of, 441 motor function of, and its disturbances, 451 Cerebral pressure, 443 blood-pressure in, 446 causes of, 443-445 choked disk in, 445 direct manifestations of, 446 due to hemorrhage, 443, 447 in brain tumors, 444 in chronic hydrocephalus, 444 in meningitis, 444 indirect (latent) symptoms of, 445 pulse in, 59, 446 respiratory movements in, 446 494 INDEX Cerebral symptoms, in ansmia, 112, 441, 442 in Chej'ne-Stokes respiration, 209 in diabetes, 332, 333 in fever, 386 in functional disturbances of nervous system, general and focal, 441 in stasis of bile, 270, 271 Cerebral tumors, pressure symptoms in, 444, 44S, 446 Cerebrospinal fluid, composition of, 443 secretion and resorption of, .443 significance of, in increased intracranial pressure, 443- 447 Cervical cord, injuries of, effect of, on temperature, 385, 387, 388 Charcot-Leyden crystals, in the blood, in leuksemia, 131 in the sputum, in asthma, 205 Chemotaxis, importance of, in leuco- cytosis, 124 Chemotherapy, in infectious diseases, 191 Chewing, disorders of, and digestion, 229, 230 Cheyne-Stokes respiration, manifes- tations of, 209 theories as to cause of, 209, 210 Chloral, effect of, on vasomotor cen- ter, 86 Chlorosis, blood in, 107 causes of, 107, 108 color of skin in, 106 incidence of, 106 intracranial pressure in, 444 parenchymatous changes in, 107 significance of hypolastic aorta in, 107 value of iron in, 108 water retention in, 107, 146 Choked disk, 445 Cholera Asiatica, blood in, 139 stools in, 283 vibrio of, distribution of, 279 increase of, in bowel, iSS toxic action of, 159 Cholesterin stones, 262 Chorea, disturbances of motility in, 466 Chromium nephritis, 424 Chylous and chyliform ascites, 94 Cilia, protective function of, 197, 198 Circulation, I anomalies of, I demands on, in health, 3, 4 in anaemia, 220 in aortic insufficiency, 12, 35 in the arteries, 2, 80 in the capillaries, 2 in compensated cardiac lesions, 33-35. in cardiac weakness, 46-52 in tachycardia, 59 in the kidneys, and secretion of urine, 413, 416 in the veins, 2, 88 pulmonary, i, 2 in aortic insufficiency, 13 influence of, on respiration, 221 relation of blood-pressure and rate of flow in, 3 significance of, in the functioning of the organs, i significance of tlie contractile and elastic attributes of arteries in, S, 6, 80, 81 systemic, 2 Circulatory disturbances, blood in, 141, 142 effect of, on composition and secretion of urine, 413, 416 on respiration, 220, 223 in the arteries, 80, 81 jn asphyxia, 85, 222 in the brain, manifestation of, 441, 442 in infectious diseases, 86, 87 in nephritis, 25 in pneumothorax, 213 in shock, 87, 88 in the veins, 50-52, 88, 90 Coagulation of the blood. See blood Coagulation Cold, action of, in paroxysmal hsemo- globinuria, 118 on the body temperature, 389 Colic, biliary, 264 gastric, 258 intestinal, 297 renal, 437 Colica mucosa, 287 Collapse, in dilatation of stomach, 255 in fever, causes and symptoms of, 408, 409 in infectious diseases, circulatory changes in, 86, 409 temperature in, 4oi8 INDEX 495 Colloids, increased hydration capacity of, as a cause of oedema, 93 relation of, to agglutination, 17S to precipitation, 172 Color-index in pernicious anaemia, III, 113 Coma, acidosis as a cause of, 332 carcinomatous and enterogenous, 332 diabetic, 332, 333, 358 symptoms and treatment of, 332, 333 , ^ Compensation, cardiac, blood-pressure in disturbed, 40 cause of breaks in, in hyper- trophied hearts, 38 in non-hypertrophied, 40 transitory and permanent breaks in, 38, 39 value of digitalis in loss of, 39, 66. Compensatory regulations, in chronic inanition, 309, 310 in heart disease, 2 in respiratory diseases, 221 Complement. See Alexins fixation, mechanism of, 173 Concussion, cerebral (Commotio cerebri), 447 Congenital heart disease, lesions of, 18 polycythemia in, 142 Constipation, 288-291 bradycardia in, 60 in hyperacidity, 243 Constitutional diseases, as sequelae of other diseases, 377 causes of, 377 chronic course of, 376 definition of, 376 etiology of acquired, 377 general bodily changes in, as distinguished from local, 374, 375 metabolism in, 372 predisposition to, 376 relation of, to chronic infec- tions, 375 to chronic intoxications, 378 to diatheses, 376 Contagion, relation of virulence to, 157 ,. Contraction of the heart, mechanism underlying, 53, 54 Contractures, 463-466 Convalescence, heart action in, 55, 61 nitrogen retention in, 310 temperature in, 402, 409 Convulsions, causes of, 467 Convulsions, clonic and tonic, 467 epileptic, 467, 468 fever, after cerebral, 386 in Adams-Stokes disease, 68 in chronic biliary obstruction, 270 in hepatic toxKmias, 271 in Jacksonian epilepsy, 467 in strychnin poisoning and te- tanus, 462 in uraemia, 429 point of origin of epileptic, 468 reflex, 462, 467 spontaneous, 467 Coordination, disturbances of, in cere- bellar disease, 458 in tabes, 454, 4.55, 457 theory of, 452-455 Coronary disease, as a cause of heart weakness, 40, 41 bradycardia due to, 62 pain and anxiety in, 78, 79 relation of, to Adams-Stokes disease, 68 to angina pectoris, 79 sudden death in, 80 Coughing, advantages and disadvan- tages of, 200 centre for, 198, 199 diminished, 199 mechanism of, 198 Creatinin in urine of febrile patients, 399 Cretinism, relation of thyroid to, 322 Crises, gastric, of tabes, 259 Curschmann's spirals, in asthmatic sputum, 20s Cutaneous reflexes, 462 Cutaneous sensations, disturbances of, 455, 456, 457, 468, 469-471 irritative phenomena in, 473 Cyanosis, caused by venous stasis, 50 congenital, 50 gas content of blood in, 224 Cyanotic induration of kidneys, heart in, 30 Cystin calculi, 336 Cystinuria, 336 Cystitis, causes and dangers of, 433 Cytodiagnosis, 94 Cytolytic properties of blood serum, 165, 166 Decubitus, 482 Defecation, bacterial inhibiting action of, 280 complete cessation of : results, 293, 294, 295 increased frequency of, 285-288 innervation for, 460 painful, 299 INDEX Degeneration, fatty, in pernicious anaemia, 112 glycogenic, of the renal epithe- lium, 3S9 of the heart muscle, functional significance of, 43 of the muscles, 451, 477 of the nerves (secondary), 474 in pernicious anaemia, 112 of the red blood-corpuscles, in anaemia, 104, 105, 114 Delirium in long-continued biliary stasis, 271 Developmental anomalies of heart and large vessels in the etiology of valvular lesions, 18 as a cause of venous stasis and cyanosis, 50, 51, 142 Diabetes insipidus, 414-416 causes of, 415 hypophysis and, 415 influence of composition of blood upon, 425 nature and symptoms of, 414, relation of ; to diabetes melli- tus, 414 vasomotor influences in, 415 Diabetes mellitus, 349 acidosis in, 328, 329, 330, 358 amount of urine in, 359, 42S anomalies of sugar combus- tion in, 353 causes of sugar excretion in, 349, 3S2 coma in, 332, 358 composition of urine in, 349, 359. constitutional character of, 378 etiology of, 356 glycosuria in, 349, 350 hyperglycsemia in, 349, 352 limit of assimilation for car- bohydrates, 350, 3S2 mild and severe forms of, 350 nutritional disturbances in, 357-359 oxidations in, 355 pathology of, 356 proteid destruction in, 358 proteid intolerance in, 351 renal, 346 respiratory quotient in, 353 results of, 357, 358, 359 role of internal secretions in, .356 significance of liver in, 352, 353. 356 Diabetes mellitus, significance of pan- creas in, 354, 355, 356, 357 stomatitis and dental caries in, 229, 359 sugar consumption in, 353 sugar f orrriation in : from carbohydrates and proteids, 350, 352 thirst m, 359 utilization of dextrose in, 357 Diacetic acid in the urine, 329 Diaminuria, 336 Diaphragm, paralysis of, as a cause of respiratory disturbances, 207 Diarrhoea, causes of, from without the bowel, 286 from within, by irritation of abnormal contents, 287 effect of, on the body, 288 faeces in, 285, 286 gastrogenous, 236 increased peristalsis of colon in,. 285 infantile, 280 in uraemia, 429 nervous, 286 without subjective disturbances, 286 Diastole, disturbances of, and their effect upon cardiac efficiency, 46 split heart tones at beginning of, 73 variations in length of, S, 46 Diathesis, differentiation of, from constitutional disease, 376, 378 eosinophilic, 379 exudative, 379 syphilitic, 375, 377 uratic, 376, 379 Digestion, bacterial processes in, 245, 254, 277 disturbances of, due to abnormal processes in bowel, 276 absence of pancreatic juice,_273, 274 anomalies of absorption, 282 _ bacterial activity, 277 disorders of motility, 284 narrowing of bowel lumen, 291 due to affections of teeth, mouth and throat, 229 due to disturbances of biliary secretion, 265 due to oesophageal disease, 232 due to gastric disorders, 236 gastric dilatation in, 251 INDEX 497 Digestion, disturbances of, due to gas- tric disorders, motor disturbances in, 248 psychic origin of, 260 regurgitation and vomit- ing in, 25s secretory disturbances in, 237 leucocjrtosis in, 123 Digitalis, action of, upon the heart, 39, 42, 66, 67, 68 upon the kidneys, 414 Dilatation of the heart, 44, 49 of the stomach, 251 Diphtheria toxin and antitoxin, 43, 157, 158, IS9> 176-178 Diphtheroid bacillus in Hodgkin's dis- ease, 134 Disease, tendency to, 376, 377 Diuretics, action of, 414, 426 Diverticula of the oesophagus. See CEsophagus Dizziness, 472 in cerebral anaemia, 442 Ductless glands, interrelationship of, S12, 373 Ductus Botalli, patency of, 18 Dysentery, endemic, etiology of, 282 mixed infection in, 160 Dyspepsia, acida, 241 effect of, on the heart, 60, 70 nervous, 260 psychic, 260 Dysphagia, 233-236 Dyspnoea, blood-pressure in, 24 cardiac, 34, TJ causes of, 78 chronic, with hypertension and heart hypertrophy, 24 expiratory, 202 in bronchial asthma, 204, 205 inspiratory, 201 in tracheal stenosis, 201 subjective symptoms of, 225 Dystrophies, muscular, 480 Eclampsia, puerperal, anaphylactic symptoms in, 186 CEdema, 89-94 collateral, 91 composition of fluids in, 90, 94 due to increased hydration capacity of colloids, 93, 141 experimental, 90, 93, 95 from sodium chlorid reten- tion, 93, 141 in anaemia, malignant disease and chronic infections, 94 in nervous diseases, 94 CEdema, causes of, in stasis, localiza- tion of, 90 nature of, 89 nephritic, 91, 140 pulmonary, 95 Ehrlich's side chain theory, 166 Embolism, cerebral, 448 of the coronary arteries, 40 Embryocardia, 56 Emphysema, pulmonary, asthmatic attacks in, 205 cardiac hypertrophy in, 21 causes of, 208 condition of lungs in, 208 gas interchange in lungs in, 207, 215, 222 Endarteritis, chronic, as a cause of valvular lesions, 10 obliterans, effects of, upon move- ments of legs, 452 Endocarditis, acute, 9 bacteria in, 9 chronic, 10 effect of, on heart valves, 9, 10, 18 on heart muscle, 37, 38, 41 fetal, 18 infectious, 9, 41 in focal infections, 153 rheumatic, 9 toxic, 9 verrucous, 9, 18 Enteroptosis, gastric motility in, 253 Enzymes, gastric, diminished secre- tion of, 237 in blood-serum, 138 in carcinoma of stomach, 24s of the cells, 325 proteid splitting, in leucocytes, 189 uricolytic, 364 Endotoxins, 159 Eosinophilia, general, local, 12S, 126 prognostic importance of, 125 Epilepsy, 467 _ urine during convulsions in, 416 Epinephrin, emergency functions of, 338 influence of, upon the blood-pres- sure, 28, 339 upon the excretion of sugar in the urine, 345, 347, 348, 349 Epithelium, ciliated, of the air pas- sages, function of, 197 normal, as a barrier against micro-organisms, 207 renal, permeability of, to proteids of blood, 422 to sugar, 346 Erythrocytes. See Blood-corpuscles, red 498 INDEX CEsophagus, affections of, 232-36 Ethereal sulphates in urine, as an index of putrefaction in the intes- tines, 281, 293 increase of, in intestinal obstruction, 293 relation of, to neuras- thenia, 282 Exanthems, acute, immunity follow- ing, 164 Exchange of gases, compensatory mechanisms, in anaemia, 219 in bronchitis, 222 in disturbances of external respiration, 221 in pulmonic and pleural dis- eases, 221, 222 Excitement, effect of, on albuminuria, 421 on intestinal persistalsis, 286 on the heart rate, 56 on the size of the heart, 24 Exertion, as a cause of cardiac accel- eration, 55 cardiac hypertrophy, 6, 29 cardiac insufficiency, 30, 38, 44 diminution in size of heart, fol- lowing, 30 effect of excessive, in etiology of infections, 159 on albuminuria, 421 Exophthalmic goitre. See Hyper- thyroidism Expiration, in stenosis of air-pas- sages, 202 in volumen pulmonum auctum, 207 Exposure to cold, significance of, in the etiology of infections, 159 Extrasystoles ( Premature contrac- tions), 63 causes of, 63 in paroxysmal tachycardia, 58 interpolated, 63 ventricular and atrioventricular, 63 Extremities, disturbed movement of, due to anomalies of sensation, 454- 457 Eye, disturbances of, in ansemia, 442 in diabetes, 358 Facial paralysis, effect of, on chewing, 229 Fat, in the blood-serum, 137 in the fasces, in absence of pan- creatic juice, 273 in pericardial, pleural and peri- toneal exudates, 94 of food, metabolism of, 304, 311 Fat necroses, 274 Fat storage in the body, 311. See also Obesity, 314-318 Fatty heart, 43 Fasces, after exclusion of bile from intestines, 265 bacterial content of, 266, 277 in pancreatic disease, 273 stagnation of, 288, 291 water content of, diminished, 288 increased, 283 Fermentation, ammoniacal, in the urine, 433 in the intestines, 281 in the mouth, 229 in the stomach, 245^48 nervous symptoms of, 2S5 relation of, to atony, 254 Ferments. Gastric juice, absence of free acid in,. 244 acidity of, 236, 237, 240 diminished, 243 increased, 241 antiseptic action of, 245 diminished secretion of, 244 effect of, upon the cholera vibrio, 279 upon the intestines, 236, 243, 248 hypersecretion of, 239^241 continuous, 240 with hyperacidity, 241, 253 in the fasting condition, 239 secretion of, factors underlying, 238-240 Gastrogenous dyspepsias, 236 Gastro-intestinal tract, abnormal bac- terial processes in, 24S, 277 infections of 154-156 Geisbocks disease, 142, 146 Gingivitis, in scurvy, 229 Globulin, blood serum content of, 137 Glomeruli, changes in, and their rela- tion to the heart, 26, 28 to the secretion of urine, 417 sensitiveness of epithelium of, 422 Glottis, spasm of, 201 Glycogen, formation of, 312, 343 in diabetes, 351, 360 in fever, 387, 398 Glycosuria, alimentary, 343 condition of kidneys in, 346, 350, 359 from beer, 344 occurrence of in different dis- eases, 345 relation of, to diabetes, 344 diabetic, 349 effect of kind of sugar upon, 350 epinephrin, 338, 347, 349, 356, 361 experimental, 347 following injuries, 357 hypophysis in relation to, 348 individual disposition to, 344 in infections, 345 phlorhizin, 345 significance of pancreas in, 355 transient, 347 Glycyltryptophan test in gastric car- cinoma, 245 Goitre, effect of exophthalmic on heart rate, 55 on respiration, 200 Gonococci, as a cause of valvular dis- ease, 9 500 INDEX Gout, 364 action of atophan in, 370 of radium in, 368 acute attack of, 366, 369 associated pathology of, 367 asthenic and regular, 367 blood in, 368 chronic, 369 constitutional nature of, 378 deposits in, 367 theories of, 367, 368, 369 tophi in, 366 uric acid metabolism in, 364, 368, 369 Granular (contracted) kidney, asso- ciated with arterio- sclerosis, 27 with gallop rhythm, 46 blood-pressure in, 25, 84 cardiac hypertrophy in, 22, 25, 26 hemorrhages in, 34 residual (non-coagulable) ni- trogen in, 430 secretion of urine in, 414, 419 Graves' disease. See Hyperthyroid- Hay fever, and anaphylaxis, 205 Headache, in cerebral ansemia, 442 Heart (see also Cardiac), accommo- dative power of the hypertrophied, 6, 31, 33, 38 of the normal, 4-0 adaptability of, 2 beat of, 52 accelerated, 54 by reflex influences, 56 irregular, 61, 62-70 retarded, 59 blood-supply of, 40 brown atrophy of, 43 capabilities of the hypertrophied, 31, 32, 33, 35-40 of the normal, 2-6 cavities of, in hypertrophy, 32 diminution in size of, after overexertion, 30 congenital defects of septum of, 18 _ elasticity and contractility of, 4-6 fatigue of, 44 function of, i influence of nervous system upon, 45 in pregnancy, 31 lesions of, in His bundle, 42, 67 output per beat of, 4, 5, 6, 82 Heart, overdistention and overexer- tion of, 44 ratio of weight of, to body weight, 7, 29 reserve strength of hypertrophied, 33 strengthenmg of, 7 Heart-block, 42, 45, 67 Adams-Stokes symptom-com- plex and, 68 Heart dilatation, acute transitory, in paroxysmal tachycardia, 57 chronic, due to stasis of blood in heart, 49 compensatory, 12, 17, 49 Heart, diseases of, ansemia in, 109 hydrsemia in, 141 relation of, to nephritis, 25- 29 secretion of urine in, 417 Heart failure cells in the sputum, 34 Heart hypertrophy, 6 ability of Heart to hypertrophy, 31 and dilatation, 32, 49 causes of, 6, 19-31 causes of insufficiency in, 35-40 compensatory, 31, 32, 33, 34 concentric and eccentric, 32 condition of heart muscle in, 33, 34, 35-38 effect of, on the heart beat, 76 on the lungs and respiration, 34,35 in smokers, 25 of the left ventricle in aortic aneurism, 23 in aortic insufficiency, 14 in aortic stenosis, 15 in arteriosclerosis, 22, 37 in mitral insufficiency, 17 in renal disease, 25-29 of the right ventricle, in mitral lesions, 15, 17, ig in pulmonary disease, 20, 21 in pulmonary stenosis, 18 in tuberculosis, 21 origin of bilateral, 24, 25 Heart impulse. See Cardiac impulse Heart murmurs, 74-76 Heart muscle, effect of degenerations of upon function, 41, 42, 43 Heart, palpitation of, 76 Heart poisons, accelerating, 54 causing irregularities, 70 effect of, on heart action, 42, 43 slowing, 60 Heart sounds, 71-74 INDEX 501 Heart, valvular disease of, 8 arteriosclerotic, lo causes of, g combined, 19 compensation in, 33 congenital, of the right side, 18 due to tearing of valves and chordae, 10 extracardial effects of, 34 heart muscle in, 32 left sided, 12-18 pathology of, 9 right sided, 19 syphilitic, 10 Heart weakness, as a cause of asys- tole, 33 causes of, 35-38 of primary, 40 effect of, on secretion of urine, 417, 423 functional, 44 of both ventricles, 46 of the left ventricle, 20, ZTi 47 of the right ventricle, ZT, 48 primary, 40 pulse in, 52, 55 relation of, to angina pec- toris, 78 results of, 46 symptoms of, 49-52 Heart, work of, factors determining, 2 in conservation of accommo- dation, 2-6 increased, of the left ventri- cle, 21-24 of the right ventricle, 18, 19 in the pulmonary circula- tion, I in the systemic circulation, 2 in varying demands on circu- lation, 2-6 on exertion, 6, 7, 8, 29, 30 quantitative factors in, 6 relation of, to hypertrophy, 6-8 to subjective symptoms,. Hydrops, m acute and chronic nephritis, 91 in cachexias and nervous dis- eases, 94 Hyperalgesia, 473 Hyperaemia, active, in inflammations, 91 venous, in cardiac stasis, 50-52 Hyperaesthesia, nature and causes of, 473 Hyperglycaemia, alimentary, 344 diabetic, 349, 35o,_ 352 Hyperplasia, lymphoid and myeloid, 127, 128, 130 Hyperthyroidism (Graves's disease), action of upon the heart, 43 causes of, 322, 323 disturbances of the internal secre- tions in, 323 glycosuria in, 345 pathology of, 323 proteid and fat metabolism in, 321 pulse-rate in, 55 relation of, to changes in thyroid gland, 322 to nervous system, 323 rudimentary forms of, 323 symptoms of, 323 Hypertonicity of the arteries, essen- tial, 81 Hypertonicity of arteries, in arterio- sclerosis, 27, 28, 29, 81 Hypophysis, in diabetes insipidus, 415 in obesity 318 manifestations of disturbed func- tion of : acromegaly, 372 relation of, to glycosuria, 348 Hysteria, anaesthesia in, 456 contractures in, 466 diarrhoea in, 286 oesophageal spasm in, 233 fever in, 386 heart action in: paroxysmal tachycardia, 58 meteorism in, 297 sensory disturbances in, 456, 473, 474 Icterus. See also Jaundice catarrhalis, 268 gravis, 271 hsemolytic, 269 neonatorum, 269 Idiosyncrasies toward foods, 184, 260 of children to cow's milk (ana- phylactic manifestations), 184 Ileus. See Intestinal obstruction. Immune bodies, 166 diverse, 166, 169 isolation of, 166 normally in blood, 171 production of, in active immunity, 161, 163 Immune-ferment reaction (Abderhal- den), 186 Immune sera, 162 antibody content of, 176, 177 hsemolytic action of, 169 Immunity, acquired, 161, 164, 189 basis of, in infections with organ- isms not forming soluble toxins, 176 epidemiologic and experimental, 156 histogenic, 194 inherited, 161, 164 Schick's method of determining, 177 relation of, to bactericidal powers of blood, 164 theories of, 166, 188 Immunization, active, 161, 178 active-passive, 162, 178 antitoxic, 176, 177, igi duration of, 162, 177 passive, 162, 176, 177 reaction in, 178 Inanition, as a cause of anaemia, no as a cause of hydraemia, 140 as predisposing to infections, 159 INDEX 503 Inanition, causes of, 308 complete, 309 formation and excretion of acids in, 329 in fever, 397, 398, 404 nitrogen excretion in, 318 partial, 309 results of, 309 types of, 308 Incoordination, 452 Indol, toxic effect of, 282 Indophenol reaction, 122 Infection, and immunity, 151 effect of portal of entry upon character and course of, iS7 factors influencing character of, 156 general, of gastro-intestinal origin, 155, 280 of pulmonary origin, 154 of vaginal origin, 156 manifestations of, in affected organism, 156 protective barriers against, 151-156 resistance of organism to, 159, 161, 278 significance of epithelial lesions, in acute, 151 Infectious diseases, albuminuria in, 421 anaemia in, 109, 116 bacillus carriers caused by, 191, 193 collapse in, 86, 87 fever course in, 381 heart complications in, 9, 25, 36, 39, 41, 43 hasmoglobinsemia in, 117 hydremia in, 140 immunity after, 164 intoxications in, 157 leucocytosis in, 125 metabolism in long-standing, 319, 396 proteid destruction in, 319 pulse in, 61, 70 recovery in, 194 saliva in, 230 Inflammations, blood- and lymph- vessel changes in, 91 collateral oedema in, 91 leucocytosis in, 125 purulent exudates in, 91 Inspiratory disturbances, from loss of pulmonary elasticity, 207 in paralysis of vocal cords, 203 in spasm of vocal cords, 200 Inspiratory disturbances in stenosis of upper air passages, 201, 202 Insufficiency, of heart valves, aortic, 12 in hypertrophied hearts, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 mitral, 17 muscular, 11 primary, 40 relative. 11 tricuspid, 18 Intermediary bodies. See Ambocep- tors Intermittent claudication, 79, 451 Internal secretions, interrelationship of, 372, 373 Intestinal crises of tabes, 286 Intestinal diseases, absorption in, 282 as a cause of anaemia, 109, 113 of digestive disturbances, 282 due to absence of bile, 265 of pancreatic secre- tion, 273, 274 to bacterial processes in bowel, 277 to bacterial toxins, 281 to disorders of motility, 284 to protozoa, 282 to secretory disorders, 283 to toxic substances, 276 effect of, on heart, 60 inflammatory, 291 pain in, 297 Intestinal epithelium, behavior of to- ward bacteria and their products, 154, 277, 278 Intestinal gases, effect of, on intes- tinal movements, 287 in intestinal stenosis, 294 origin of, in health, 296 in diseases of the gastro- intestinal canal, 296 Intestinal movements, antiperistaltic, in ileus, 294 associated with pain, 295, 297 cessation of, in complete sten- osis, 294, 29s decreased, by central nervous influences, 289 by diminished irritability of bowel wall, 289 by muscle spasm, 290 by paralysis of circum- scribed bowel seg- ments, 291 504 INDEX Intestinal movements, increased, by cooling of the skin, 286 by inflammatory condi- tions, 288 by irritation of abnormal contents, 287 by nervous influences, 286 local nervous mechanism for, 289 normal, of the colon, 285 of the jejunum and ileum, 284 Intestinal musculature, paralysis of, 289, 291 spasm of, 290, 293, 294, 297 condition of abdominal wall in, 290 Intestinal obstruction, causes of, 291, 292 course of, 295 mechanism of, different types of, 291, 292 results of, 293, 294, 29s, 296 Intestinal parasites, as a cause of anaemia, 113, 114 of eosinophilia, 126 Intestinal secretions, anomalies of, 283, 284 Intestines, spasm of, as a cause of constipation, 290 in obstruction, 293, 294, 297 Intoxication, after operation in echinococcus disease (anaphy- laxis), 185, 186 in diabetes, 358 in fever, 382 in hepatic disease with chronic biliary stasis, 271 in intestinal affections, 276 in nephritis, 429 Invagination (intussusception), mech- anism of, 292 Iron, increase of, in the liver, due to excessive destruction of ery- throcytes, 104, 114, 143 lack of, as a cause of anaemia, no value of, in chlorosis, 108 Irritative phenomena in cerebral anae- mia, 442 Islands of Langerhans in diabetes, ^ 356, 360 Isolysins, ,in anaemia, 119 Isoprecipitins, 172 Itching, in diseases of sensory cuta- neous end-organs, 473 Jaundice, 266 heart action in, 60, 270 haemolytic, 269 in anaemia, 114 Joint disease, as a cause of muscular atrophy, 479 nutritional disturbances in, 481 Jugular veins, murmurs in, 89 pulsations in, in auricular fibrillation, 52, 65, 66 in nodal rhythm, 52 in paroxysmal tachycar- dia, 52, 57 negative, 51 positive, 52, 57, 65, 66 Keith-Flack node, 52, 53, 54, 58 Keto-acids, function of in metabolism, 311, 320, 357 Kidneys (see also Renal), atrophy of, due to occlusion of urinary pas- sages, 419 calculi in, and in renal pelvis, 434 function of, 413 as regulators of composition of blood, 426 hypertrophy of, 418 relation of lesions of, to albu- minuria, 422, 423, 424 to glycosuria, 343, 344, 346, 347, 349, 350, 359 to haemoglobinKmia, 121 to uraemia, 429 secretion of, with diminished cir- culation, 416 with increased circulation, 413 Kidneys, inflammation of, albumin- uria in, 423 cardiac dilatation in, 31 cardiac weakness in, 31, 37, 39 composition of blood in, log (anaemia), 139 (hydraemia) oedema in, 91 functional disturbances in, 424, 428 increased blood-pressure and heart hypertrophy in, 25-29, 81, 84 in diabetes, 359 non-coagulable nitrogen in, 430, 431 phenolsulphonephthalem test in, 431 pulse in, 59 types of, according to disturb- ance of function present, 428 uraemia in, 429 urine in, 414, 417, 423, 424 Kropfherz, 43, 324 Kundrat's lymphosarcoma, 134 Kyphoscoliosis, as a cause of respira- tory disturbances, 204 INDEX 505 Labjfrinthin dizziness, 472 Lactic acid, formation and excretion of, in metabolic disorders, 329 Lactimurate and lactamurate, 368 Lactosuria, 344 Laryngeal stenosis, effect of, on res- piratory movements, 200-203 Lead poisoning, and gout, 367 anaemia in, 109 arterial spasm in, 81, 84 hypertension in, 84 Leucocytes. See Blood-corpuscles, white Leucocytosis, after hemorrhages, 125 chemotaxis in, 124, 125 degrees of, 126 eosinophilic, in asthma, 125, 126 in helminthiasis and trichin- osis, 125, 126 inflammatory, 125 in children (pertussis), 124 in malignancy, 125 neutrophilic, 124, 125 of the new-born, 123 physiological, 123 ratio of different types of white cells in pathological, 124, 125, 126 relation of nervous system to, 125 Leucopaenia, 126 Leukansemia, 130 Leukaemia, 127 acute, 131 stomatitis in, 230 aleukKmic, 127, 129 blood in, 128-132 causes of, 135 chronic, 129, 131 combined with anaemia, 130 course of, 131 differentiation of, from leucocy- tosis, 129 effect of X-rays upon, 129, 131 of benzene upon, 129, 131 histological changes in, 127, 128, 129 increase of urinary purin bases in, 365 in children, 131 lymphoid, 130, 132 mixed-cell, 132 myeloid, 129, 130, 132 _ oxidase reaction in, 122 pathogenesis of, 13S prognosis of, 131 submyelemic, 129 symptoms of, 132 Laevulose, assimilation of, by dia- betics, 352 _ in urine, in diabetes, 343, 349 Laevulosuria, alimentary, in hepatic disease, 345 Lipaemia, 137 Lipoids, significance of, in haemolysis, 114, 169 Liver, acute yellow atrophy of, metab- olism in, 325, 326, 329 Liver, disturbances of, acidosis in, 328 alterations of bile in, 260, 261 aminoacids in, 326 anaemia in, 109, 113 excretion of ammonia in, 333 in cardiac stasis, 51 in diabetes, 357, 361 in jaundice, 269, 270 metabolic anomalies in, 326, 333 toxaemia in, 271 urine in, 326, 333 Liver, role of, glycogenic, 343, 352 in combating poisons ab- sorbed from intestines, 281 in conversion of carbohy- drates into fats, 312 in diabetes, 352 in fever, 387 in haemoglobinaemia, 116 in urea formation, 333 Local pathology as contrasted with constitutional, 374 Luetin reaction as an index of the constitutional nature of syphilis, 375 Lungs (see also Pulmonary), anti- septic action of, 153 brown induration of, 34 diseases of, cardiac dilatation in, Z7 cardiac hypertrophy in, 20, 21 cardiac insufficiency in, 37, 47, 48 gas interchange in the lungs in, 221, 222 distention of, in bronchial asthma, 205, 206 in paroxysmal tachycardia, 57 oedema of, 95 infections of, 153, 154 loss of elasticity of, 207. See also Emphysema mechanisms for protection of, 197 Lymph, bactericidal properties of, 103, 164 circulation of, 89 in central nervous system, 442, 443 composition of, 89, 94 in inflammations, 91, 94 excessive accumulation of, in lymph spaces, 89 obstruction to flow of, 89, 90, 91 506 INDEX Lymphatics, occlusion of, 91 pressure conditions in, 89, 90 pressure difference between capil- laries and, 89, 90 Lymph-nodes, leukaemic hyperplasia of, 127, 128 genetic significance of, 133 Lymphocytes, in normal blood, 121 in pathological blood, 124, 126, 130 Lymphosarcoma, Kundrat's, 127, 134 Macrocytase, 188 Macrocytosis and microcytosis, 103 Macrophages, 188 Malaria, blood in, 109, 116, 118 (par- oxysmal hsemoglobinuria) fever in, 381 Malnutrition (see also Inanition), effect of previous state of nu- trition upon, 309 effect of exercise upon, 309 factors in, 308, 318 in various diseases, 309 results of, 309 Mediastino-pericarditis, heart hyper- trophy in, 24 pulsus paradoxus in, 70 Megaloblasts, 106, 107, iii, 113, 115 Meniere's disease, 472 Meningitis, cerebral pressure in, 444 serum therapy in, 177 Mercury, absorption of, through the skin, 151 ptyalism and stomatitis from, 231 Metabolism, ammonia formation in, 327 course of, virith dietetic sufficiency, 310 formation and excretion of purin bases in, 364 of organic acids in, 328-333 of poisons in, and their effect upon heart, 42, 43 in constitutional diseases, 372 in fever, 396 influence of cellular activity upon, 3" of thyroid gland upon, 320 intermediary, 372 of carbohydrates : quantitative disturbances of, 343 of the fats, 304, 311-318 of the proteids, 318, 325 proteid needs in, 306 Meteorism, 296 Microcytase, 188 Microorganisms, behavior of animal body towards, 151, 159, 161 Microorganisms, cultural media for, and their importance, 163 oxygen tension of, 163 in affections of the mouth, 229, 230 of the intestines, 277 of the urinary passages, 433 in the bile, 262, 263, 264, 268 in nephritis and albuminuria, 424, 427 in valvular lesions, 9 metabolic products of : action of, on heart, 42, 43 numbers of, in fatal infections, 157 obstacles to entrance of, into body, 151 role of, in hydrolytic cleavage of proteids, 326 significance of the normal intes- tinal, 277, 278 of the pathological intestinal, 279, 280, 281 virulence of, 156 Micturition, disturbances of, 459 Milk, antitoxin content of, 171 as a cultural medium for B. 