None
1 = 1 .1 rt rt 'o •J a ^ ^ S .= — i .£ '55 .3 ! •- E. rt — O 43« A, JL, JL, U, it, fO >o 00 ' r- i- •*r. O M M ri ro -t — M — 459 SPECIFICATIONS IN BLANK.* IMPROVEMENT OF SITE, SUB-DRAINS, MADE ELEVATION. Excavations, Mason work, Damp-proof course, Beam filling. Coloring brick work, Face brick, Mortar, Tiling, Hearths, Concrete or cemented floors, Floor drains, Chimney tops, Cap stones, Sills, Copings, Foundations — stone and brick, Foundation straps, Footings. HOLLOW WALLS. Protecting drain, Chimney. BRICK WORK. Terra cotta pipes, laying, etc., Iron — iron ties, Hollow walls, Inside arches, Bond, Center arches, Brick floors. STONE WORK. Carving, Stone hearths, Pointing mortar, Drips, Stone lintels. PLASTERING. Lath and plaster, wire lathing, Papering, Walls, sand, and hard finish, Lime, Cornices, interior, centers, etc. Timber, si/.e, quality, I leaders, Crowning and bridging, Floor, Ceiling, beams, and rafters, Hoarding, CARPENTER'S WORK. Floors, double and single, Tiling, Windows, frames, sashes, and doors, Transoms, Hardware — door knobs, locks, etc., Mantels, picture mouldings, and stair rails, * In contracting with an architect or builder for the construction of a building for dwelling, scln»»l, hospital or other purposes, the appended list is believed to cover all the important subjects which should be settled before construction i.s begun. 440 SJ'KCIFICATIONS IN IH.ANK. 44 1 Saddles, \Yainscoting and stairs, Partitions, Vegetable-cellar shelves. Furring, Coal Inns, Wooden ceilings, Closets, wardrobes, etc. PLUMBING. Water-closets and cisterns, Kitchen sinks, slop sinks, and laundry tubs, Hath tubs and wash ba-ins, Spiggols, kinds and finish. Sewage system, Speaking lubes and Ixrll.v (las fitting. PAINTING. Finishing, oil or hard wood. GLASS. Plain, plate, and stained, Puttied or leaded. VENTILATION. System to be used and quantity of air to be supplied. HEATING. Method and application. Range, stoves and furnaces. Steam or hot-water system. ROOFING. Roof materials, Roof gutters, c<>r.duit>, etc. INDEX. A. Abbe condenser, 400 Acarus scabiei, 52 Achorion schonleinii, 35 Actinomyces in meat, detection of, 427 Actinomycosis, 35, 40, 135 prevention of. 59 Acute catarrhal conditions affecting the gastrointestinal mucous membrane, mi- crobic cause of, 41 Aerobic, 40 Aeroscope, Hesse's, 235 simple form of, 236 Age as a predisposing cause of disease, 29 Agents to be used for disinfection, 66 Ague, see malaria Air, 213 albuminoid ammonia in, 233, 312 aqueous vapor in, 244 amount of to be supplied in ventila- tion, 310 and 313 as a cause of parasitic diseases, 222 as a cause of chemical toxemia, 222 as an accessory or predisposing ele- ment in the production of disease, 223 as a cause of artisans' phthisis, 222 biologic examination, 234 carbon monoxid in, 221 Carburetted hydrogen in, 221 carbon bisulphid in, 221 carbon dioxid in, 220 contamination by trades, 217 contaminated from made ground, 219 disease attributable to impurities in, 221 examination, ammonia, 226 aqueous vapor, 231 carlion dioxid, 227 carbon monoxid, 226 carbon bisulphid, 2}i carburetted hydrogen, 23° collection of samples, 224 organic matter, 232 Air examination, o/one, 230 sulphuretted hydrogen, 230 suspended matter, 233 free ammonia in, 253 hydrogen sulphid in, 221 impurities, and their source, 213 maximum of impurity in, 312 organic matter in, 214 of marshes, 218 products of combustion in, 216 tester, Prof. XYolpert's, 228 Albuminates, 107 Albuminoids, 107, Alcoholic beverages, 173 Alcohol, food value of, 174 Ale, 175 Allen's closet, 353 Ameba coli in feces, 42} Ammonia in air, test for, 226 Ammonium compounds in water, 203 Anaerobic bacteria, 40 cultivation of, 410 Analysis of air, 224 Anemometer, dynamic, 336 corrections for, 2,6 for measuring ventilating currents, 330 measuring the velocity of wind, 2^5 Robinson's 255 static, 336 Aneroid barometer, 250 Angle berries, 142 Animal foods, 107 parasites, 40 in blood, 419 Anthracoid diseases, 138 Anthrax, 41 bacillus of, 41 in meat, 42S forms of in animals. I " po>t mortem appearances in, 137 prevention ot. 50 symptoms ot, I 37 Antill's trap>. 354 Anti-optics, i"-) Aqueoii> vapor in air, 2 ;i, 244 445 444 INDEX. Arkansas, climate of, 266 Arsenic in water, test for, 206 air, 234 wall paper, 223 papers, test for, 234 Artesian wells, 187 Artificial lights, 340 Artisans' phthisis due to air impurities, 222 Ascaris lumbricoides, 50 Ascococci, 38 Aspergillus, 35 Automatic flush tanks, 348 regulators for heating appli- ances, 333 B. Bacilli, 39 propagation by fission, 39 spore formation, 39 Bacillus anthracis, 41 in blood, 417 leprre, 44 staining of, 431 mallei, 43 in the blood, 418 meat, 428 inoculation experiment, essential to diagnosis 415 of rhinoscleroma, 45 syphilis, 46 staining of, 433 tuberculosis, 47 in blood, 418 staining of, 413 tetani, 46 staining of, 432 typhosus, 47 in blood, 418 Back to back houses, 379 Bacteria, 34 classification of, 34 production of disease by, 40 Bacteriologic technic, 404 Bacteriology, 34 Baldness, cause of, 104 Baltimore heaters, 384 Bar IlarlKir, climate of, 276 Barley, 165 Barometer, adjusting and reading of, 246 aneroid, 250 comparative scales of, 436 corrections, 241; mercurial, 245 Basement, 306 Bathing, 92 best forms of, <)2 for adults, 91 Bathing of children, 90 of infants, 85 Baths, 357 Bath rooms, inspection of, 384 -tub trap, 355 Beans, 166 Beef, 129 Beer, 175 composition of, 176 Beets, 164 Beekman salutary system, 344 Bedding, disinfection of, 79 Beiming patent milk test, 1 15 Biologic examination of air, 234 of soil, 290 of water, evidence to be adduced, 207 Black Death, 47 quarter, 138 tongue, microbic cause of, 42 Blank specifications, 440 Blastomycetes, 35 Blood, proximate composition of, 106 Blown joints, 362 Bored wells, 187 Bothriocephalus latus, 52 in feces, 425 Botulism, allantiasis, 158 Braxy, 153 Bromin as a disinfectant, 69 Bronchitis, acute, microbic cause, 41 Bubonic plague, 47 Buckwheat, 165 Buildings, see Habitations Butter, 1 17 adulteration of, 1 18 composition of, 11 8 examination of, 120 estimation of volatile acids, alter- nate method, 125 estimation of volatile acids, Leff- man and Beam method, 125 estimation of volatile acids, method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 121 fat composition of, 119 imitation, 120 substitutes, 1 19 objections to, 120 value of, I 20 Buttermilk, 117 C. Cabbage, if>4 Caisson disease, 33 California, climate of, 261 Cancer, parasitic cause of, 49 Cancrmn oris, microbic cause of, 46 Carbohydrates, 107 1NDKX. 445 Carbolic acid as a disinfectant, 69 vapor as a disinfectant, 71 Carbon hisulphid in air, 231 dioxiil in air, 220, 227 monoxid in air, 221, 226 Carbureted hydrogen in air, 230 ('arm in stain, 4 1 1 Carrols, 162 Cattle, inspection of, see Meat Inspec- tion measles of, 1 5 i method of detci mining age, I 51 plague, 134 Cellar, 306 drains, construction of, 371 inspect ion of, 3X2 Cement, 298 new process of hardening, 298 roofs, 305 Cercomonas intcstinalis in feces, 424 Cereals, 164 Cerebro-spinal meningitis, microbic cause of, 41 prevention of, 59 Cesspools, 376 regulations governing construc- tion of, 37 i Cheese, 126 quality and adulteration, 126 Chemical disinfectants, 67 products ol bacteria, 40 toxemia due to air impurities, 222 Chicken-pox, microbic cause of, 41 prevention of, 59 Chickens, diphtheria in, 160 Chicory in cotiee, 173 Childhood, the diet of. 88 Chlorid of /.inc as a disinfectant, 67 Chlorids in water, 202 Chlorin as a disinfectant, 70 as an indication of water pollu- tion, 202 how generated, 70 Chlorinated lime as a disinfectant, 67 objections to, 68 Cholera; Asiatic, prevention of, 59 microbic cause of, 41 spirillum in feces, 422 Chromogenic bacteria, 40 Cirrus clouds. 256 Cisterns for water storage, 186 in house, dangers of, 380 City regulations for plumbing, 365 Climate, 20, 237 influence on race, 239 sex, 239 relation to health, 238 Climatologic observations, 241 Clothing, 97 Chemical examination of mate- rials used, <i~ disinflation i.|, ~* of cliildrrli, S7 • if infant'., S ; materials used, 07 microscopic elimination of material^ used, 1,7 to protect from told, 101 heat, loi • •'lots, I"I winds, lot Clouds, 256 Cocci, 36 naming by number, \>> arrangement, 38 Coccidium perforans iti Icce.s, 424 Cotiee, 172 adulteration of, i 73 Cu-nurus cerebr.di.s, 140 Cold as a disinfectant, 72 Concrete, 298 Condensed and concentrated f<x>ds, 168 Condensers for microscopes, 400 Conduct ion of heat, 314 Connection of lead and iron pipe*, 369 Connective tissue disease-, found in meat. 155 Conservancy methods of handling sew- ^ age, 376 Consumption, 47 prevention of, 63 Contact thermometer, 75, 333 Contagion, 33 Contagious diseases in childhood, 86 Convection of heat, 314 Copper-bit joint, 301 in water, test for, 207 tiles for roofs, 30^ Corrosive sublimate as a disinfectant. Culture media, potatoes as, 406 solid, 406 Cumulus clouds, 256 Customs, 29 Cycling for exercise, 91 Cysticercus bovis, 151 cellulose, 52, 150 D. Damp-proof course, or air course in walls, 301 of slate, 303 Dangers arising from deficient water sup- ply, 190 Dead, disposal of, 395 meat, inspection of, 154 Dececo water closet, 344 Dengue, microbic cause of, 42 prevention of, 60 Dentition, 85 Deodorants, 66, 76 Desmo-bacteria, 38 Dew point, 244 Diarrhea due to impure water, 192 Diathesis as a cause of disease, 28 Diet, 177 calculation of quantity, 182 Diphtheria, microbic cause of, 42 of pigeons and chickens, 160 prevention of, 60 Diplococcus, 37 Direct-indirect heating, 326 radiation, 315 Direct invasion, 40 radiation, 314 Disease, exciting causes of, 32 the causes of, 27 the prevention of, 53 Diseases attributable to atmospheric im- purities, 221 due to impure water, 192 impurities in the soil, 285 found in meat 132 of the mucous membrane due to soil, 286 peculiar to climatic conditions, 238 Disinfectants, 66 chemical, 67 physiological, 67 thermal, 71 Disinfection by heat, technic of, 75 of ambulances, 79 of a patient, "6 of bed clothing, 79 of carpels, 79 of carriages, 79 of clothing, 78 of curtains, 79 Disinfection of excreta, 79 of furniture, 79 of floors, 79 of the hands, 77 of hospitals, 79 of mails, 79 of railway cars, 79 of the dead, So of ships, 79 of the sick, 80 of surgical instruments, 78 of walls, 79 Disposal of the dead, 395 by burial, 396 cremation, 395 in large numbers, 397 Disruption of sewage, 393 Dochmius duodenalis, 51 Domestic filtration of water, 196 Dowling incinerator, 389 Draft regulators, }i6 Drain pipes, size necessary, 387 Drains, 363 inspection of, 380 location of breaks in, 381 Dry heat as a disinfectant, 72 D-traps, 354 Duckett's closet, 352 Dust in air, 233 Dwellings, see Habitations. free space about, 379 inspection of, 379 Dysentery, epidemic, microbic cause of, 42 prevention of, 60 E. Ear, care of, 94 Earth-burial, see Disposal of the dead. Echinococcus, 52 veterinorum, 152 Effects of diminished barometric pressure, . 33 increased barometric pressure, 33 Effluents, sewage, 392 Eggs, 127 selection of, 127 Electrolysis of sewage, 393 Emanations from made ground, 219 Emphysema infectiosum, 138 pathology o f, 138 symptoms o f, 138 ]> os t -mortem, recognition of, INDKX. 447 Enclosed closets, 542 Endocarditis, microbic cause of, 42 Engle cremator, 389 English or block bond, 300 Knteric fever, see Fever, typhoid Environment as a cause of disease, 28 Epidemic parotitis, microbic cause of, 44 prevention of, 62 pleuro-pneumonia, 133 Erysipelas fever, microbic cause of, 42 microbic cause of, 42 prevention of, 61 staining of the streptococcus of, 433 Erysiphe, 35 Erythrasma, microbic cause of, 43 Estimation of oxygen in the atmosphere, 224 Eudiometry, 224 Eustrongylus gigas, 51 Evaporated foods, 167 Evaporometer, 257 Examination of feces, 421 milk, 1 1 1 soil, 286 sputum, 416 Exercise in childhood, 86 for adults, 91 Exhaust system of heating, 331 Eyes, care of the, 93 F. Facultative bacteria, 40 Farcy, 147 acute, symptoms of, 148 chronic, symptoms of, 148 microbic cause of. 43 P'ats (hydrocarbons), 107 Favus, microbic cause of, 4^ Feet, care of, 95 Feser's lactoscope, 113 Fever, enteric, 47 bacillus of. 47 epidemic erysipelatous, prevention of, 6 1 Malta, prevention of, 61 rheumatic, microbic cause of, 45 relapsing, microbic cause of, 45 prevention of, 62 scarlet, microbic cause of, 45 prevention of, 62 Texas, 130 typhoid, microbic cause of, 47 prevention of. o } typhus, microbic cause of, 4S prevention of, 64 yellow, prevention of. 65 Filaria sanguinis liornims, ^i in the blood, 421 Filari.e forms of, 51 Filter, sand, 1^5 I'asleur-( 'hnmbcrland, \<t~ tourists', i<jS Filters, domestic, 196 essentials of, 197 for public supply, i<>4 Filth diseases, 379 Filtration of water, 194 of sewage, 392 Fire damp, 230 Fireplaces, 315 floor- fed, 315 fuel for, 317 for natural gas, 318 heat production of, 335 objections to, 317 rifle-back, 315 water-back, "517 with draft regulators, 310 Fire-plugs, 377 proof buildings, 297 Fish, 161 inspection of, 161 Fission fungi, 36 Flea, varieties of, 53 Flemish bond, 300 Floor-fed Hues, 315 Fluid culture media, 405 Fluke, 149 Flukes, 49 Flushing pipe, " perfection," 352 of streets, 377 water-closets with slop water, 352 Flush-tanks, automatic, 348 and cisterns, 348 non-automatic, 350 quantity of water to be dis- charged, 370 with time valve, 351 Food, 105 administration of, 17') and work, I 82 as determined by age. 177 influence of appetite on, 170 climate on. i~>< occupation on, I 78 sex on. I 7s* influenced by i iiosvncrasy. i8j source anil quantity of, 100 tables, 184 Foods, condensed and concentrated, K)S cooking of, I 80 digi-<tii>iliiy of". IM preserved, 17° quantity required. 182 448 INDEX. Foods, refrigerated, 170 sterilized, 170 Foot and mouth disease, 134 Forced ventilation, 334 Fowls used for food, 159 Fractional plating, 410 Fruits, 166 dried, 167 selection of, 167 Fryer's incinerating furnace, 388 Function as a predisposing cause of dis- ease, 29 Fungus foot, microbic cause of, 44 Furnace, location and setting of, 322 Furnaces, 321 heat production of, 335 method by which they heat, 321 registers for, 323 G. Game, 159 Gangrenous stomatitis, prevention of, 62 Garbage, Dowling incinerator, 389 incineration of, 388 Garget, 142 Gas fixtures, ventilating, 340 Georgia, climate of, 260 Germs, 34 Germicides, chemical, 67 physiological, 67 thermal, 71 Gid, 149 Glaisher's Table, No. I, 231 2, 232 Glanders, 147 acute, symptoms of, 148 cause of, 43 chronic, symptoms of, 148 prevention of, 61 Glass building blocks, 297 pipe plumbing, 359 pipes for plumbing, advantages of, 360 objections to, 360 Goiter, production of, by impure water, 193 Gonococci, staining of, 433 Gonococcus, 43 Gonorrhea, microbic cause of, 43 Gram's method of staining, 412 Grapes, 142 Graveyards, selection of site, 396 Ground air, examination of, 290 humidity. 279 water, 280 Gulley trap, 354 Gutters, 377 H. Habit, as a cause of disease, 28 Habitations, 292 dry soil as a site, 292 fire-proof, 297 foundation of, 299 height of, 299 inspection of, 379 materials for construction, 294 methods for securing dry walls, 301 of brick, 294 of stone, 295 of wood, 294 selecting the ground or site, 292 ventilation of, 310 Hair, care of, 94 Halogens as disinfectants, see lodin, Bromin or Chlorin, Handling of the dead from contagious diseases, So Hanover, climate of, 277 Hardness of water, 191 Health, the maintenance of, 25 Heat, 29 as a disinfectant, 72 calculation of radiating surface from steam or hot water radia- tors, 335 calulntion of thermal units de- manded, 335 in soil, 289 temperature necessary for disinfec- tion, 75 under high tension or pressure as a disinfectant, 74 Heaters, inspection of, 384 Heating, 309, 314 automatic regulation of, 333 by conduction, 314 by convection, 314 by exhaust steam, 325 by fireplaces, 315 by furnaces, 321 by high velocity currents, 334 by radiation, 314 by steam or hot water, 324 by stoves, 319 calculations of heat supply, 334 Ilelminthiasis, 31 Hematozoun of acyclical ague in blood, 420 quartan ague in blood, 420 tertian ague in blood, 419 Hesse's aeroscope, 235 IN'DKX. 449 Histologic stains, 41 1 House, 149 Horse-flesh, recognition of in meat in- spection, 156 Hospitals, disinfection of, see Disinfec- tion of rooms, etc Hot-air furnaces, 321 sterilizer, 72 House, cubic space for individuals in sleeping rooms, 38} drainage, inspection of, 381 drains, fresh air inlet, 366 testing of, 381 trapping of, 366 regulations governing their const ruction, 366 Humidity, as a cause of disease, 3> deficient, how overcome in heating, 338 importance in ventilation, 311 in air, how ascertained, 244 relative, 244 Hydatid cysts in meat, 428 disease. 52 Hydrocarbons, 107 Hydrophobia, microbic cause of, 45 Hygiene of the eyes in childhood, 90 Hygrometer, 244 Hygrophant, 337 Hypomycetes, 35 Hypsometer 251 I. Illinois, climate of, 263 Immunity acquired, 28 induced, 28, 66 inherited, 28 "Improved Sypho" closet, 345 Impure water supply, 191 Impurities in air and their source, 213 Incinerating furnace, Fryer's, 388 Incineration of garbage, 388 Incubation of diseases, 57 and 59 Indirect heating by means of tloor heat- ers or radiators, 327 with tloor radiator and wall register, 328 radiation, 314 and 329 automatic control of, 33.5 exhaust system, 331 plenum system, 333 Infant clothing, 83 feeding of, 82 hygiene of, 82 Infection, 33 Influenza, microbiocause of, 44 prevention of, t>i Ingestive diseases, 51 Inheritance, din-cl, 27 of tissue, 27 Inlets for frc»li air, 31') Inoculation, 65 experiment-, 414 Inspection of dead meat, 154 of habitation'-, 371; of house drainage. ;Si of houses, example of unsani- tary house, 3X5 of houses, open -pace around house, 385 of living animals, 1 30 of |>oultry, I S'j Intercepting traps, see Traps Intermittent fever, see Malaria upward filtration of sewage, 392 lodin as a disinfectant, 70 Iowa, climate of, 264 Iron drain pipes, weight necessary 368 Irrigation as a process of sewage disposal, 393 Isolation, 55 J- Jail fever, see Typhus Fever jars for transporting and preserving tis- sues, etc., 404 foints, blown, 362 different kinds in plumbing. 361 Jute, 99 K. Kefir, 177 Kentucky, climate of. 259 Keratosis follicularis, 40 Kidneys, tuberculosis of in animals, 145 Kitchen, 307 dresser, 307 sink, 357 Koch's apparatus for biologic examina- tion of air. 235 Koumiss, i 77 L. Lactometers, 1 1 1 Lactoscope, 1'e-er's, ri} I .a (iiippe. microbic cau-e of, 44 Lakes as a source of water supply or storage, i8S Laundry titling and plumbing, 374 Lavatories, 357 Lead bends . »r traps, thickness . >f. 3"S drain pipe-, weight nece>s.»ry, 368 450 INDEX. Lead in water, test for, 207 roofs, 304 Liebig's extract of meat, 168 Leprosy bacilli, detection of, 431 in sputum, 431 microbic cause of, 44 prevention of, 61 staining of bacillus, 431 Light, artificial, 340 best glass for windows, 339 selection of, 339 Lighting, 338 natural, 338 Lime, chlorid of, in disinfection, 67 in sewage purification, 391 use of in earth burial, 397 Linen, 99 Little Rock, climate of, 266 Liver rot, 149 tuberculosis of in animals, 144 Lodging-houses, cubic air-space of rooms, 383 London, sewage of, 391 Long-hopper closets, 342 Louisiana, climate of, 267 Louse, varieties of, 53 Lumpy jaw, 135 Lymphatic glands, diseases of in meats, M. Made soils, 284 Madura foot, microbic cause of, 44 Magnetic carbid of iron in filters, 194 aria, examination of blood in, 419 microbic cause of, 44 parasites, forms of, 419 parasitic cause of, 44, 419 Malarial soils, 285 Malignant pustule, 41 Malt liquors, 175 Malta Fever, microbic cause of, 44 Man-holes for sewers, 362 Margatine, 1 19 Marsh air, 218 gas, 230 Maryland, climate of, 269 Maximum thermometer?, 242 Means for securing disinfection, 66 Measles, microbic cause of, 44 prevention of, 6l Measly pork, 150 Meat, 128 inspection, of living animal, 130 Meats salted, inspection of, 157 pickled, inspection of, 157 to be condemned, 153 Membranous laryngitis, prevention of, 60 microbic cause of, 42 Meninges, tuberculosis of in animals, 145 Mercuric chlorid as a disinfectant, 68 Mercury, salts of, used in disinfection, 67 Merino, loo Merismopedia, 37 Metallic poisoning due to impure water, 194 Methods by which ventilation is secured, 3'3 of distributing water, 189 Metric system, 435 Michigan, climate of, 257 Microbacteria, 38 Microbes, 34 as causes of diseases, 40 in air, 234 in soil, 290 in water, 207 Micrococci, 36 Micrococcus cereus albus, 46 flavus, 46 pyogenes albus, 46 aureus, 46 citreus, 46 tetragonus, 37 MicroSragnisms, 34 Microscopes, 398 condensers for, 400 objectives for, 401 Microscopic examination of blood, 416 meats, 426 water, 209 Microsporon furfur, 35,47 Midden system of sewage disposal, 376 Milk, 107 absorption of foul odors, in adulteration, 109 as a cause of bacterial diseases, no as a cause of contagious diseases no coloring in, 1 17 composition of, 108 condensed, 168 contamination, sources of, III examination, 1 1 1 evaporated, 168 Pasteurized, 109 per cent, of cream, 1 13 percentage of total solids, 1 12 predigestion of, 108 quantity demanded, loS souring and curdling of, I lo sterili/.ed, 109 Mines, carburetted hydrogen in, 230 Minimum thermometers, 242, Minnesota, climate of, 25.S Mississippi, climate of, 258 Modified smallpox, prevention of, (>.\ Moisture, quantity of in the heated air, 338 INDKX. 45' Moist heat as a disinfectant, 73 Monococcus, 36 Moule's self acting closet, 377 system of excreta removal, 377 Mumps, microbic cause of, 44 prevention of, 62 Muscles in meat, diseases found in, 156 Mussels, 161 Mutton 129 Mycoderma aceti, 36 Mycetoma, microbic cause of, 44 N. Nails, care of, 95 Nebraska, climate of, 262 Nematoda, 50 Nessler's reagent, 203 New England States, climate of, 275 New Haven, climate of, 276 New Jersey, climate of, 269 New Mexico, climate of, 270 New York, climate of, 270 Nevada, climate of, 263 Nimbus clouds, 256 Nitrogen in air, 213 Nitrogenous compounds as foods, 107 Nitrous acid as a disinfectant, 71 Noma, microbic cause of, 46 prevention of, 62 Non-automatic flush tanks, 350 -pathogenic micro-organisms, 39 North Carolina, climate of, 262 Dakota, climate of, 265 Noxious trades, 217 Nuisances, 381 O. Oats, 165 Obligate, as applied to bacteria, 40 Objectionably constructed clothing, IOI Objections to open fireplaces, 317 Objectives for microscopes, 401 Occupation, as a predisposing factor in the induction of disease, 30 Odors in houses, 385 Offensive trades, 217 ( iTdiutn lactis, 35 tuckcri. }-; Oklahoma City, altitude, 266 climate of, 265 Open fireplaces, ^15 .-paces around houses, 386 Organic matter in air, 214 test for, 232 soil, 2 So water, 202 Oriental plague, microbic cause of, 47 Oriental plague*, prevention of, 65 Oxyuri* vermiciil.iri-., 50 Oysters, 161 ()«)iie in air, 2}c P. Panel's disease of the nipple, 40 Tail system of sewage diiposal. 376 1'an closets, 34 I how remedied, 542 I'aramecium coli in feces, 424 Parasitic arnclmida, 52 diseases due to air impurities, 222 insects, 53 stomatitis, prevention of, 62 I'asteur-Chamberland filter, 197 I'asteuri/ed milk, 83 Pathogenic microorganisms, 39 Peas, 1 66 Pembina, climate of, 265 Penicillium glaucum, 35 Pennsylvania, climate of, 271 Percolation, 253 gauge, 253 " Perfection " flushing pipe, 352 Perlsucht, 142 Petri dish, 409 Phagocytosis, 67 Phthisis, see Tuberculosis of sheep, 149 Picrocarmin stain, Kanvier's, 412 Pickled meats, 157 Pig typhoid, see Anthracoid Diseases Pigeons, diphtheria in, 160 Pigs, measles of, 150 Pmta disease, miciob'c cause of, 43 Pipes, form- and kinds of, 3^8 Plating, 4oS by Koch's method, 409 by Petri's method, 409 Plenum system of heating, ^ , } Pleurisy, microbic cause of, 44 Pleuro-pneumonia in cattle, I ;; Plumbing, connections, 55* joints, 361. regulations governing, V'5 Pneumonia, croupous, microbic c.ui-e of, 4-4 Pork, i 20 Porter, 175 Potatoes, no c 'in: .os'.ti m ol. I'. 3 .-election of. I o ; Poultry, inspection ol". 1 5>) Precipitation as a IT. >ces- of sewage puri- ticati. >n, 3'j I rainf.il!. etc., - ; ; 452 INDEX. Predisposing causes of disease, 29 Preserved foods, 170 Previous attacks of disease, 29 Prevention of diseases due to inheritance, 29 Privy vaults, construction of, 371 location of, 371 system of sewage disposal, 376 Products of combustion in air, 216 Protection of walls during building, 298 Proteids, 107 Psychronieter, 244 Ptomaines, 48 poisoning by, 48 Purification of sewage, see Sewage of soils, 282 of water, 194 Pyemia. microbic cause of, 45 Pyogenic bacteria, 40 Q- Quarantine, 55 objections to, 57 R. Rabies, microbic cause of, 45 Race as a predisposing cause of disease, 29 Radiation, direct, 314 direct-indirect, 315 indirect, 314 methods of applying, 329 of heat, 314 Radiators for steam and hot water heat- i»K. 325 Rain fall, 253 gauge, 253 water, 185 Rauchbrand, 139 Ray fungus, 40 Receiving vaults, 396 Refrigerated foods, 170 Registers, si/.e and arrangement of, 323 Relative humidity, 244 Relapsing fever, cause of, 45 prevention of, 62 Relation of climate to health, 238 Reservoirs, distributing, 189 subsiding, 188 Rifle-back flues, 315 Rliitioscleroiua, 432 bacillus of, 45 Rice, 165 Ringworm, microbic cause of, 45 Risers of stairs, 309 River water, 186 Rhabdonema intestinale, 51 Rheumatism, acute, microbic cause of 45 Roads, 377 Robinson anemometer, 255 Rock fever, microbic cause of, 44 Roof drains, 305 Roofing materials, 303 Rooms, living, inspection of, 382 Rot in sheep, 149 Rubber, 101 Rubeola, microbic cause of, 44 prevention of, 61 S. Saccharomycetes, 35 mycoderma, 36 Salted meat, 157 Salt Lake City, climate of, 268 Sanitary inspection of dwellings, 379 Sapremia, microbic cause of, 45 Saprophytes, 40 Sarcina, 37 Sausage poisoning, 158 Scabies, 430 parasite of, 53 Scarlatina, see next Scarlet fever, miciobic cause of, 45 prevention of, 62 School for children, 88 School-life of children, 89 Schizomycetes, 36 subdivisions of, 36 Season, influence on deatii-rate, 240 Sedimentation of sewage, 391 Segregation, 55 Self acting closet, Moule's, 377 Septicemia, microbic cause of, 45 Sewage, 388 conservancy, methods of hand ling, 376 danger of in streams, 389 disruption of, 393 electrolysis of, 393 filtration of, 392 final disposition of, 389 in made ground, 388 irrigation of, 392 materials of which it is com- posed, 388 midden or privy system, 376 pail system, 376 pollution of rivers by, 390 precipitation of, 391 purification of, 391 sedimentation of, 391 system, ^72 INUKX. 453 Sewage system in London, 301 of house, plans for, 372 Shone'shydro-pneumatic, 375 Sewer-gas and back-water trap, ^54 Sewers, 362 gradient of, 364 sewage system, 364 surface water s)stem, 304 Sex as a predisposing factor in the induc- tion of disease, 29 Sexual hygiene, 95 Shoddy, 99 Shoes, faulty construction of, 105 Shone's hydro-pneumatic sewage system, 375 Ships, disinfection of, 79 Silk, 99 Sinks, 356 plumbing for, 357 Siphon traps, 354 Sites for habitation*, 292 Skin diseases, detection of bacteria in, 429 of animals for clothing, loo Slate roofs, 304 Sleep during infancy, 85 Slides for microscopic work, 403 Slops, see Garbage Sludge, 391 Smallpox in sheep, 153 microbic cause of, 48 prevention of, 64 Soil air, 282 ammonia in, 282 as a cause of diseases of the mucous membranes, 286 as a cause of malaria, 285 biologic examination of, 290 carbon dioxid in, 282 chemical composition of, 287 diseases due to impurities in, 285 drainage of, 282 examination, 286 heat in, 289 modified by vegetation, 280 pathogenic bacteria in, 281 purification of, 282 stratum of humidity, 279 of saturation of, 279 Soil-pipe, connections with, 373 special, 373 regulations covering laying and ventilation of, 300 Solid culture media, 406 Source of water, to determine, 21 1 South Carolina, climate of. 264 Spaltpil/e, ^o Spanish tiles for rooting, 305 Special hygiene, o } Specifications in' blank, 440 >pirilli, 39 Spirillum cholera, 41 ol ii-l.ipsing fever in Mi**), 4I.S Spirits, i 74 Spiro- bacteria, 39 Spirochete, 39 obermnieri, 45 S|«>ngy iron as a tiller l>e«i, 194 Springfield, Ma>s , clim.itt ol, 277 Sprint; water, lSf> Stained glass, objections to, ; ji> Staining, histologic. 41 i ( iram's Method, 41 2 l.ollkr's Method, 413 of the bacillus of tuberculosis, 4'.? of bacteria, 412 \Yeigei t's modification of ( iram's method, 4 13, Stairs, 309 Staphylococci, 36 Steam and hot-water heating, 324 disinfection by, 73 heating, 325 sterili/er, 7 } Arnold's, 73 Stephanus dentattis, 152 Sterili/ed foods, 170 milk for infant feeding, 83 St. John, N. 1!., climate of, 270 Stomatitis, parasitic, microbic cause of, 46 gangrenous, miciobic cause "f, 46 ulcerative, microbic cause of, 46 Stone, life estimates of, 296 por»ity of, 205 selection of for building purposes, 295 Storage of water, 1 8.8 Stoves, 318 be.st foims of, 320 heat production of, 335 method by which they he.it, 318 objections to. ; 1 8 with Ire-h air line-, 310 S-traps. Sturdy, 149 Sub-irrigation, see Intermittent upward filtration of sewage Subsidence in water purification, 194 Subsoil drainage, 282 Sudden changes of temperature, diseases due to, 240 Sulphate of copper as a disinfectant, 67 iron as a disinfectant, 67 Sulphur for di>infecuon, how used, 71 Sulphuretted hydrogen in air, 230 Sulphurous acid as a disinfectant, 71 methods for generating, 71 Suppuration, microbic cause of, 46 Surface water, 186 Susceptibility, inherited, 27 Suspended matter in air, 233 Sweating sickness, microbic cause of, 48 Sweet potato, 164 Syphilis, microbic cause of 46 staining of the bacillus of, 433 T. Tanks for (lushing water-closets, see Flushing tanks Tanks in house, dangers of, 380 Tea, 171 physiological action, 171 Technic, 398 Teeth, care of, 94 Temperament, as a predisposing element in the causation of disease, 28 Temperature, estimation of in climate, 241 mean of day, how ob- tained, 243 Tenia ccenurus, 149 mediocanellata, 51, 425 solium, 52, 150, 425 Tennessee, climate of, 267 Terra cotta pipes, method of laying and joining, 365 Tetanus, bacillus of, 46 prevention of, 62 Tetracocctis, 37 Texas, climate of, 261 fever, 139 Thermal disinfection, 438 ""it, 334 Thermometer, dry bulb, 245 comparative value of dif- ferent standards, 437 maximum, 242 minimum, 242 wet bulb, 245 Theimoscope, 243 Thread-worms, 50 Thrush, 35, 430 microbic cause of, 46 prevention of, 62 Time valve, 350 Tinea versicolor, microbic cause of/47 Tinned foods, adulteration of, 169 Tin roofs, 304 Tissue, transmission of, 27 To determine the source of water, 21 1 Traps, 353 anti-siphonage vents, 369 location of, 369 Treads of stairs, 309 Trematodes, 49 Trichiniasis, 151 Trichina; spiralis, 51, 150 in meat, detection of, 428 Trichomonas intestinalis in feces, 424 Tricocephalus dispar, 51 Tricophyton tonsurans, 35 Trough closet, 346 Tube or driven wells, 187 Tubercle, minute anatomy of, 144 Tuberculosis, bacillus of, 47 staining of, 413 detection of, in meat, 427 due to telluric conditions, 286 in animals, 142 organs affected, 142 pathology of, 143 symptoms of, 146 lymphatic glands, 142 of the kidneys in animals, MS liver in animals, 144 the meninges in animals, 145 lungs of animals, physical signs, 147 udder, symptoms of, 146 pulmonalis, prevention of, 63 transmission of, 153 Turnips, 162 Turnsick, 149 Typhoid bacillus in feces, 422 fever, see Fever, Typhoid Typhus, contagious, 134 Tyrotoxicon, 49, 1 10 U. Under-fed fires, 316 | Urinals, 347 INDKX. 455 Urinals, selection of, selling of, objections t<>, 347 Utah, climate of, 268 Utilization of sewage, 392 V. Vaccination, 65 Vaccinia, microbes in, 48 Valve closets, 342 Varicella, microbic cause of, 41 prevention of, 59 Variola, microlnc cause of, 48 prevention of, 64 Varioloid, prevention of, 64 Veal, 129 Vegetable foods, 162 Ventilating currents, methods of estimat- '"g. 336 gas fixtures, 340 Ventilation, 309 factors in, 310 ideal supply of air, 313 maximum of carbonic acid 4 impurity, 313 methods by which it is secured, 313 of water-closet containers, 370 purity of air used, 31 1 quantity to be supplied each individual, 313 selection of air inlet, 311 windows and doors as a means, 313 Vernier on barometers, 246 W. Wall papers, arsenic in, 234 Walls, 299 damp-proof course in, 301 inspection of, 384 methods of bonding, 300 regulations covering their con- struction, 300 Warren's cannula, 426 Wash-down closet, 344 Washington, climate of, 260 Waste system, 372 Water, 185 amount derivable from rainfall, 185 causing boils, 193 cholera, 192 cystic calculi, 193 goiter, 10 } Water causing malaria, 192 parasitic ditrnv*, p, .; ptomaine |M>isoniiig, 10,$ typhoid lever. 192 yellow fever, 19 j Collection fir examination, 200 diseases due to impure, 192 distillation of, 199 domestic filtration, 196 examination, 200 chlorin, 202 color and transpar- ency, 201 nitrate.s, 205 nitrites, 205 odor, 20 1 organic matter, 202 poisonous metals, 206 test for ammonium compounds, 20 ; total solids, 202 tillers, 194 filtration for purification, 104 Water, methods of distribution, 189 microscopic examination of, 209 quantity demanded, 190 for street ilush- '»£- 37's sources of, 185, 211 storage of, iS8 subsidence for purification, 194 supply, dangers arising from, 190 impure, 1 1) I Water-back fireplaces, 317 Waterbury, Connecticut, climate of, 277 Water-closet, Dececo, 344 Duckett's pattern, 352 enclosed, 342 '• Improved Sypho." 345 Long-hopper variety, 342 systems, 340 trough closet, 346 valve variety, 342 " wash-down," ^44 whirlpool closet, 344 Allen's design, 55 5 essentials of a properly con- structed closet, 341 location of. 370 selection o;, 340 Weaning of infants, S4 Weed, 142 Weir gauge, 187 Well water, 187 Wells, inspection of. 370 Wlnley destructor. 388 Whirlpool closet. 344 Whooping Cough, micro!. ic c.ui-e of, 4S prevention of, < 4 456 JNDEX Wind, 253 vane, 254 Window-space, amount necessary, 339 Wines, 175 Wiped joints, 361, Wisconsin, climate of, 263 Wooden tongue, 135 Wool, 99, 100 Wool-sorter's disease, see Anthrax. Y. Yam, 164 Yeasts, 35 Yellow fever, microbic cause of, 48 Z. Zinc chlorid as a disinfectant, 67 in water, test for, 207 roofs, 304 A 001 357148 4. 