None
oneof which iasnuIlertiuD the others. //, Cortical Eii —iAIIer Gruniik and CoUix.) The glandular hairs of Belladonna are found with heads either uniceQular or multicellular. The larger multicellular glands are usually borne on a stalk consisting of one or tno cells, pg, Fig. 364, while the smaller ones are likely to have a stalk composed of several superimposed cells. The unicellular glands are rounded in form and are borne on stalks of several cells, pg. Fig. 364. It should be stated that each drug has its own peculiar microscopical elements. Some of these, it is easy to see, are of special value in the identi- 664 ELEMENTS OF PLANT mSTOLOCY AND mCSOTECHNtC. gcation of drug powders. In the general discusaon of drugs (pages 78 to 487) the microscopic&l 'elements that we consider characteristic of the Fic. I Ss.— Powdered Henbue Laya (Hyoscytmiu tnia 01 oldum onUle, ti, Lover Efidermis. ts, Uppen., „., of midr^^ if. Scar of fallen haii, in, Spoiwy puendivnu. pa, f^y PidisAde celU. /■, hain. df» Sunpb hain. ti, SlomaU' ti. Cortical parenchnna of midrib, tr. T^acbaa J — (H/(B- Crcnuk and Ceain.) drug powder are concisely stated in a separate paragraph under each official drug. GENERAL DIRECTIONS. As a general direction for the detection of adulteration or admixture, it cannot be too strongly emphasized, that authentic samples of the pure drug, and of the suspected adulterant or admixture, should be carefully studied, macroscopically and microscopically, as a preliminary process. This laboratory method supersedes all the aids in the form of repre- sentation by drawings and figures on paper. Fig. 366. — Shoe's Starch-granules of Ipecac. The cells of the bark are filled with starch. The granules are spherical, oblong, or angular, and vary much in size. The hilum is located near the center, and is often seen to be fissured. The grains are smooth, and show no concentric markings. They are often in groups of two, three, and sometimes even more grains joined together. Fig. 367. — ^Shows Starch-granules of Jalap. The grains are very nimierous in the cells; are large and have characteristic markings. They are roimded or broadly ovate, having the hilum located near the small end and surrounded by excentric lines. Fig. 368. — Shows the Starch-grains of Veratrum viride, which so closely resemble those of Veratrum album that it would be impossible to distinguish the two by their starch-grains. Those of the former are often found in groups of twos, threes, fours, and sometimes even more. They are small, rounded, or angular, with the hilum in the center. Fig. 369. — Represents Starch as it appears in Calumba. The grains are large, and in shape they are circidar or oval. A few double or compound grains are found, but they do not occur frequently. The hilum is rather excentric, and is often seen to be fissured in a radial direction. The grains are smooth, and occasionally a curved line or two is to be found. Fig. 370. — Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Galengal. The grains are large and mostly long ovate, but sometimes they are irregular. The hilum is located near the larger end, and is sometimes fissured. The stratification lines are plainly seen on the larger grains and but faintly, if at all, on the smaller ones. Fig. 371. — ^Illustrates Starch-grains as seen in a specimen of Iris fiorentina. These grains are quite characteristic and very abundant. They are rather elongated, rounded or truncate at one end, and usually tapering toward the other end. Occasionally a three-lobed grain is seen. As a rule, the grains are irregular in shape. The hilum is located near the large end, and is slightly fissured, (a) is the most common form. A very prominent characteristic is a double line branching from the hilum and extend- ing toward the other end. 666 Fig. 372. — Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Caulophyllum. The grains are small, but quite characteristic. They are mostly gathered together in large and roundish masses, consisting of twenty-five to fifty grains. The single grains are globu- lar, or more commonly many-sided, and without hilum or stratification lines. Fig. 373. — Shows the Grains as they api>ear in Aconitum napellus. This drug is very rich in starch. The starch-grains are rather large. There are a great many compound grains composed of from two to eight granules. The single grains are round, long, and in some cases have flat faces. The hilum is located centrally, and is seen at times to be fissured slightly. The concentric markings are not discernible. Fig. 374. — Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Geranium. There are speci- mens of Geranium in the market that contain little or no starch. This somewhat singular fact is said to be due to the season in which it is gathered. The drug usually contains starch in abundance. The grains are rather long, and appear to be thicker at one end than at the other. The hilum is located generally at the larger end, but sometimes central, and it occasionally appears at the smaller end. The stratification lines are very faintly seen at times. Fig. 37$. — Shows Starch-grains as they appear in Honduras Sarsaparilla. Many of the grains are seen to occur in groups of two, three, and sometimes four. The single grains are spherical or angular, with a hilum located near the center. The hilum in the larger grains is angular fiss\ired. No concentric markings can be seen. Fig. 376. — ^Shows Starch as it appears in Podophyllum. The grains are small and mostly single, but sometimes they are double or triple. They are spherical with a central hilum, and are seldom fissured. The hilum can hardly be seen in the smaller grains. Fig. 377. — Shows Starch as it appears in the rhizome of Hydrastis. The starch is very abundant. The grains are most commonly joined together in groups of from two to six. The grains, when single, are rounded in form. The hilum is indistinct and unfissured. Note. — ^The drawings of the starches were made from authentic specimens of the crude drug of the market. No fixed scale was used. 668 INDEX. Abies balsamea, 416 canadensis, 416 excelsa, 417 Abri radix, 178 semen, 178 Abrus precatorius, 178 Abscess root, 324 Acada, 191 catechu, 193 Acer rubrum, 171 Acetanilid, 41 Acetone, 41 Acetopyrin, 41 Acetozone, 42 Achillea, 287 millefolium, 287 Add fuchsin, 615 Adds, 20 acetic, 601, 623 bctuloretic, 636 boric, 604 camphoric, 42 carbolic, 605 cathartic, 183 chrom-acetic, 606 chromic, 606 fuchsin, 61$ hydrochloric, 620 lactic, 621 osmic, 629 oxalic, 645 phospho-molybdic, 629 phosphoric, 647 picric, 629 ruberythric, 649 sulphuric, 632 tannic, 406 Acidum gallicum, 406 Adpcnser huso, 475 Aconite, 88 Aconitine, 88, 633 Aconitum, 88 ferox, 88 napellus, 88 Acorus calamus, 449 Actaea alba, 84 Actol, 42 Adder's tongue, 447 Adeps, 481 lane hydrosus, 483 Adiantum pedatum, 460 Adonis vernalis, 86 Adrenalin, 42, 485 Adrue, 451 JEgle marmelos, 150 i^culus glabra, 171 hippocastanum, 171 Agaricus albus, 466 Agathis dammara, 417 Agrimonia eupatoria, 216 Agrimony, 216 Agropynim repens, 452 Aids to the study of powders, 653 Ailanthus glandulosa, 159 Aiowan, 246 Albumen, 601 ovi, 476 AJbimiin water, 533 Alcannin, 601 Alcohol, 602 Aletris farinosa, 429 Aleurone, 633 Algae, 455 Alkalies, 20 Alkaline allies, 25 earths, 25 metals, 25 Alkaloids, 633 Alkanet 325 Alkanna, 325 tinctoria, 325 Alligator pear, 384 Allium porrum, 439 sativum, 439 Allspice, 226 Ally! sulphide, 633 Almond oil, 208 Alnus serrulata, 404 Aloe barbadensis, 445 capensis, 446 Cura^oa, 446 perriyi, 445 socotrina, 446 spicata, 446 vera, 445 Aloes, 445 671 672 INDEX. Aloinum, 447 Alphabetical arrangement, 18 Alpinia officinarum, 425 Alstonia constricta» 308 scholaris, 309 Alteratives, 21 Althaea, 127 officinalis, 127 rosea, 129 Alumnol, 42 Alum root, 217 Alveloz milk, 390 Amber, 417 Ambergris, 475 Ambra grisea, 475 Ambrosia, 283 artemisisfolia, 283 American aspen, 409 b^ch, 404 blue vervain, 347 columbo, 322 hellebore, 436 ipecac, 216 ivy, 169 larch, 412 saffron, 293 spikenard, 252 water-hemlock, 251 wormseed, 356 Ammonia, 634 Ammoniac, 250 Ammoniacum, 250 Ammonium carbonate, 602 molybdate, 602 vanadate, 603 Amomum grana paradisi, 429 melegueta, 429 Ampelideae, 169 Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 169 Amygdala amara, 206 dulcis, 207 Am)rgdalin, 634 Amylodextrine, 634 Amyloid, 634 Amylose, 634 a and ^, 547 Amylum, 456 Anacardiaces, 171 Anacardium, 174 occidentale, 174 Anacyclus officinarum, 278 pyrethrum, 278 Anaesthetics, 21 Anagallis arvensis, 300 Analgesics, 21 Anamirta cocculus, 100 Ananassa sativa, 429 Anaphrodisiacs, 24 Andira-araroba, 191 Andropogon muricatus, 452 Anemone hepatica, 92 pratensis, 85 Pulsatilla, 85 Anethum, 246 graveolens, 246 Angelica atropurpurea, 248 officmalis, 248 Angustura, 144 Anhalonium lewini, 238 Anhidrotics, 23 Aniline sulphate, 644 Anise, 239 Anisimi, 239 Annato, 118 Annular vessels, development of, 572 Anthelmintics, 25 Anthemis, 290 cotula, 290 nobilis, 290 Anthochlorin, 635 Anthocyanins, 635 Anthoxanthin, 635 Anthrenus varius, 504 Antilithics, 23 Antimony and arsenic, 26 Antiparasitics, 25 Antiperiodics, 22 Antipyretics, 20 Antipyrine, 42 Antiseptics, 25 Antispasmodics, 21 Antitoxin, 45, 484 Antizymotics, 25 Aphrodisiacs, 24 Apiol, 247 Apis melUfera 476 Apium, 246 graveolens, 246 Apocynaceae, 306 Apocynum, 307 androssmifolium, 306 cannabinum, 307 Apple-tree bark, 205 Arabin, 635 Aralia hispida, 252 nudicaulis, 252 racemosa, 252 Araliaceae, 252 Araroba, 191 Arbor vitae, 411 Arctium lappa, 279 Arctostaphylos glauca, 298 uva ursi, 296 Areca catechu, 447 Argonin, 42 *\ris«ma dracontium, 451 triphyllum, 451 Aristolochia reticulata, 363 serpentaria, 363 Aristolochiacese, 363 Armoracia, 117 Arnica montana, 282 Amicffi flores, 282 radix, 281 Aroidese, 449 Artemisia, 286 INDEX. 673 Artemisia abrotanum, 286 frigida, 286 paudflora, 292 vulgaris, 286 Arum triphyllum, 451 Asafoetida, 248 Asagrsea officinalis, 438 Asarum canadense, 365 Asdepiadae, 311 Asclepias cornuti, 311 curassavica, 311 incamata, 311 tuberosa, 311 Asoka, 178 Asparagin, 635 Aspidium, 458 Aspidosperma, 308 quebracho-bianco, 308 Aspirin, 42 Assay, drug, 76, 497 by immiscible solvents, 497 Astacus fluviatilis, 474 Astragalus gummifer, 193 Astringents, 23 Atropa belladonna, 329 Atropine, 332 Atropos divinatoria, 507 Attar of roses, 211 Aurantieae, 150 Aurantii amari cortex, 151 dulcis cortex, 151 flores, 153 folia, 153 Australian fever bark, 308 Avena sativa, 457 Avenae farina, 457 Avens, 216 Azedarach, 162 B. Bael fruit, 150 Balm, 353 of Gilead buds, 409 Balmony, 346 Balsam, 603 apple, 236 copaiba, 196 of fir, 416 of Peru, 198 of tolu, 200 sealing, 533 Balsamum peruvianum, 198 tolutanum, 200 Baptisa tinctoria, 178 Barberry bark, 104 root, 104 Barium chloride, 603 Barks, 53, 63 Barley, decorticated fruit, 457 fruit, 457 43 Barosma betulina, 145 crenulata, 146 Bassorin, 636 Basswood, 133 Bast fibers, strength of, 588 Bastard ipecac, 257 Bay leaves, 224 Bayberry bark, 402 Baycuru, 300 Bdellium, 161 Bearberry, 296 Bearsfoot, 281 Beebeni bark, 381 Beech-drop, 346 Bela, 150 Belladonna, 329 leaves, 329, 333 root, 329 Bengal quince, 150 Benne, 347 oil, 347 Benzaldehyde, 42 Benzene or aromatic series, 36 Benzoazurin, 603 Benzoin, 301 Benzoinum, 301 Benzol, 603 Benzosal, 42 Berberidaceae, 100 Berberine, 636 Berberis aqmfolium, 105 cortex, 104 vulgaris, 104 Betel nut, 447 Betonica, 355 Betula alba, 415 lenta, 408 Betulin, 636 Bidens bipinnata, 287 Bignoniaces, 347 Birch tar, 415 Birthroot, 439 Bismarck brown, 603 Bistort, 363 Bistorta, 363 Biting stone-crop, 217 Bitter almond, 206 apple, 233 orange peel, 151 polygala, 123 Bittersweet, 339 Bixa orellana, 118 Bixinese, 118 Black alder, 162 ash, 306 cohosh, 78 haw, 255 hellebore, 84 mustard, 115 pepper, 368 root, 282 snakeroot, 78 walnut, 402 674 INDEX. Blackberry, 212 Bladder-wrack, 468 Blatta, 472 gigantea, 473 Blessed thistle, 287 Blood, 479 flower, 311 root, III Blue, Berlin, 603 cohosh, 100 flag, 429 Turnbuirs, 603 Bocconia, 11 1 Boldo, 371 Boldus, 371 Bone, 479 Boneset, 283 Borage, 325 Boraginaceae, 325 Borago officinalis, 325 Borax-carmine, 604 Bordeaux red, 604 Borneo camphor, 127 Borodin's method, 604 Bos taurus, 478 Bostrichus dactilliperda, 504 Boswellia carterii, 161 Botany Bay resin, 447 Brassica alba, 114 nigra, 115 Brayera, 214 Bromeliaceas, 429 Bromoform, 42 Broom, 185 Brown, Bismarck, 603 Brown discoloration of materi^ in al- cohol, 604 Brudne, 636 Brunfebia hopiana, 333 Bryonia, 235 alba, 235 dioica, 235 Bryony, 235 Buchu, 145 Buckbean, 323 Buckeye, 171 Buckthorn, 164, 169 brake, 460 Buddin, 558 Bugle, 354 Bulbs, kmdsj 51, 62 Burdock, 279 fruit, 280 Burgundy pitch, 416 Burner, Welsbach, 515 Bursa pastoris, 117 Burseraces, 160 Butter, 479 Buttercup, 86 Butternut, 401 Button bush, 270 snakeroot, 281 C. Cacao, 132 butter, 132 Cacteae, 238 Cactus grandiflorus, 238 Caffea, 271 Caffeina, 636 Caffeine, 636 Calabar bean, 189 Calamus, 449 draco, 448 Calandra oryza, 505 Calcium, 637 carbonate, 551, 637 nitrate, 605 oxalate, 551, 637 phosphate, 637 sulphate, 551, 637 Calculi cancrorum, 474 Calendula, 293 officinalis, 293 California fever bush, 253 laurel, 381 Callitris quadrivalvis, 417 Callose, 637 Calumba, 94 Calycanthaces, 92 Calycanthus, 92 floridus, 92 Calycin, 638 Cambium, descendants of, 584 division of, 574, 584 interfascicular, 587 Cambogia, 124 Camellia thea, 126 Camera ludda, adjusting light for, 519 determination of mag- nification and use ot Campanulacese, 294 Camphora, 382 monobromata, 73 Camphors, 73 Canada balsam, 416 fleabane, 286 pitch, 416 snake-root, 365 thistle, 283 turpentine, 416 Canadian hemp, 301 Canaipe, 363 Canann, 605 Canarium conmiune, 161 Cancer astacus, 474 Canella alba, 117 Canellaceae, 117 Cane-sugar, 452, 638 Canna edulis, 457 Cannabis indica, 398 semen, 400 Cantharides, 469 Cantharis, 74 INDEX. 675 Cantharis vesicatoria, 469 Caoutchouc, 390 Caprifoliaces, 253 Capsella bursa-pastoris, 117 Capsicum, 340 fastigiatum, 340 Caraway, 243 Cardamom, 428 Cardamomimi, 428 Carduus benedictus, 287 Carex arenaria, 451 Carica papaya, 233 Carmalum, Mayer's, 605 Camauba, 448 Caroba, 347 Carota, 248 Carotin, 638 Carpocapsa amflana, 506 Carrot fruit, 248 Carthagena ipecac, 258 Carthamus, 293 tinctorius, 293 Carum, 243 ajowan, 246 carvi, 243 Carya alba, 402 Caryophyllese, 124 Caryophyllus, 224 Cascara amarga, 159 sagrada, 166 CascariUa, 391 Cashew nut, 174 Cassava starch, 457 Cassia acutifolia, 182 angustifolia, 182 bark, 374 cinnamon, 374 fistula, 186 marilandica, 184 Castanea dentata, 407 Castor, 483 fiber, 483 oil» 393 seed, 391 Castoreum, 483 Cataria, 354 Catechin, 194 Catechu, 193 pallidum, 272 Catnep, 354 Cdulophyllum, 100 thalictroides, 100 Cayenne pepper, 340 Ceanothus, 169 americana, 169 Cedar oil, 605 Cedron seed, 159 Celastrineffi, 163 Celastrus scandens, 164 Celery fruit, 246. Cell division, 554 formation, 552 by budding, 558 Cell division, conjugation of, 552 free, 556 rejuvenescence of, 552 organs of, 537 sap, 537» 543 wall, 543 cutinized, 544 lignified, 544 mucilaginous, 546 Cellulose, 638 reserve, 648 Centaury, 323 Cephai^lis ipecacuanha, 257 Cephalanthus ocddentalis, 270 Cera alba, 476 flava, 476 Ceratonia siliqua, 187 Cerds canadensis, 178 Cerium, cadmium, aluminum, 26 Cetaceum, 475 Cetraria islandica, 462 Ceutorynchus, 505 Cevadilla, 438 Ceylon cinnamon, 374 Chamaelirium luteum, 439 Chaparro amagoso, 159 Character of cell ir^Is and cell con- tents, methods of demonstrating the, 633 Chaulmoogra, 118 Chekan, 224 Chelidoniimi, no majus, no Chelone, 346 glabra, 346 Chemicals, inorganic, 17 organic, 31 Chenopodiacese, 356 Chenopodium, 356 ambrosioides, 356 Cherry laurel, 214 water, 214 Chestnut, 407 Chewstick, 169 Chickweed, 124 Chicory, 277 Chimaphila, 298 umbellata, 298 Chinchirocoma, 287 Chinosol, 42 Chionanthus, 306 virginica, 306 Chirata, 322 Chiretta, 322 Chitin, 638 Chloral carmine, 605 hydrate, 605 hydrate-iodine, 605 Chloralamide, 42 Chloretone, 42 Chloroform, 606 Chloroiodide of calcium, 606 of zinc, 606 676 INDEX. Chlorophyl, 598, 639 functions of, 599 solution, 6o(S Chloroplasts, forms of, 598 . functions of, 598 Choke cherry, 204 Chondodendron tomentosum, 97 Chondrus, 67 crispus, 467 Chromatin, 554 Chromosomes, 554 Chrysarobinum, 191 Cibotium, 460 Cichoriimi, 277 intybus, 277 Cicuta maculata, 251 Cimidfuga racemosa, 78 Cinchona, 261 calisaya, 261 officinalis, 261 rubra, 267 succinibra, 267 Cinnamodendron, 188 corticosum, 118 Cinnamomum camphora, 392 cassia, 374 saigonicum, 378 zeylanicum, 374 Cinquefoil, 216 Cistmese, 117 Citrullus, 237 colocynthis, 233 Citrus avirantium, 151 bergamia, 155 limonum, 154 medica, 155 vulgaris, 153 Civet, 484 Civetta, 484 Classification, 17 botanical, 18 chemical, 17 geographical, 18 physical, 18 therapeutical, 17 Claviceps purpurea, 463 Clearing agents and mounting media, 657 media, 607 Cleavers, 271 Climbing staff -tree, 164 Closed bundle, 574 Clotbur, 283 Cloves, 224 Club mosses, 56 Cnicus arvenis, 282 benedictus, 287 marianus 287 Coca, 136 Cocaine, 136 Cocculus, 100 indicus, 100 Coccus cacti, 471 Cochineal, 471 Cochlearia amorada, 117 Cocillana, 162 Cocklebur, 283 Cockroach, 472 Cocoanut oU, 449 Cocos nucifera, 449 Cod-liver oil, 475 Coflfea arabica, 271 Coffee, 271 Cola, 131 acuminata, 131 Colchici radix, 442 semen, 444 Colchidne, 639 Colchiaun autunmale, 444 Colic root, 429 Collateral bundle, 574 Collinsonia, 355 canadensis, 355 Collodion, 607 Colocasia esculenta, 457 Colocynthis, 233 Colophony, 415 Colorado cough root, 251 Coltsfoot, 287 Columbo, 94 Combretace«, 220 Comfrey, 325 Commelina, 451 Commelinaceae, 451 Commiphora africana, 161 mukul, 161 myrrha, 160 Companion cells, development of, 574 Composite, 275 Compounds, condensed rings, 32, 39 double ring, 32, 38 pectic, 646 Comptonia asplenifolia, 402 Concentric bundle, 574 Concrete juices, 57 Condenser, copper sulphate, 575 Condurango, 311 Cone flower, 287 Conessi, 309 Congo red, 607 Conifene, 410 Conii folia, 243 Conium, 242 maculatum, 242 Conjugation, 552 Conspectus A, 48 B, 59 Consumptive's weed, 324 Convallaria majalis, 435 Convolvulaceae, 325 Convolvulus scammonia, 327 Coolwort, 217 Copaiba, 196 langsdorffii, 196 Copal, 198 Copemica cerifera, 448 Copper acetate, 607 ^ INDEX. 677 Copper sulphate for condenser, 515 Coptis, 84 trifolia, 84 Coral, 136 root, 420 Corallin, 607 Corallium, 474 Corallorrhiza odontorrhiza, 420 Coriander, 244 Coriandrum, 244 sativum, 244 Cork, 517 cambium, 571 Conns, 51, 63 Com silk, 455 smut, 466 Comaceae, 252 Comus circinata, 253 florida, 252 sericea, 253 Corrosive sublimate, 607 Cortex, function of, 582 Corydalin, 639 Corydalis, 113 Coto, 381 bark, 381 Cotton derivatives, 129 hairs, 130 oil, 131 -root bark, 129 Cotula, 289 Couch-grass, 452 Co wage, 191 Crabs' stone, 474 Cramp bark, 255 Cranesbill, 141 Crassulaceae, 217 Crataegus, 214 oxyacantha, 214 Crawley, 420 Creasotal, 42 Cresol, 42 Crimean rhubarb, 361 Crodn, 639 Crocus sativus, 430 Croton chloral, 42 eluteria, 391 oil, 394 tiglium, 393 Crowfoot, 78 Crudferae, 114 Cryptogams, 48, 56 Crystalloid, 550 Cubcb, 366 Cubebffi, 366 Cucumber seed, 237 Cucumis dtruUus, 237 sativus, 237 Cucurbita p)epo, 236 Cucurbitacea;, 233 Cudbear, 463 Culver's root, 344 Cumin seed, 247 Cuminum, 247 cyminimi, 247 Cunila mariana, 353 Cuprammonia, 607 Cuprea bark, 270 Cupuliferae, 402 Curara, 319 Curarine, 639 Curcas purgans, 394 Curcimia longa, 427 Curounin, 639 Cusparia bark, 144 Cusso, 214 Cutch, 193 Cuticle, 566 Cutin, 639 Cutinized walls, 544 Cuttlefish bone, 474 Cyanin, 608 Cydonium, 205 Cynips, 508 Cyperaceae, 451 Cyperus articulatus, 451 Cypripedium parviflorum, 418 pubescens, 418 Cytisine, 639 Cytisus scoparius, 185 Cytoplasm, 537, 538 behavior of, in cell division, 539 D. Dacus olese, 507 Daggett, 415 Dahlia, 608 Damiana, 233 Dammar lac, 608 Dammara, 417 Dandelion, 275 Daphne mezereum, 384 Datiscin, 640 Datura stramonium, 335 tatula, 336 Daucus carota, 248 Deadly nightshade, 329 Dead-nettle, 354 Decalcification, 608 Decolorizing, 608 Deer tongue, 282 Dehydration, 609 Delphinium, 88 consolida, 88 * staphisagria, 86 Demulcents, 24 Depressants, 21 cerebral, 21 hepatic, 24 motor, 21 renal, 22 Derivatives, benzene or aromatic, 31, 36 methane, 31, 32 678 INDEX. Derivatives of cotton plant, 129 Dermatol or Bismuth subgallate, 42 Desilidfication, 609 Dextrine, 640 Dextrose, 640 Diabetin, 42 Diaphoretics, 23 Diaphragm, substage, adjusting, 513 Diastase, 609, 640 Dicentra canadensis, 113 Dichopsis gutta, 301 Digestants, 30 Digitalis, 342- purpurea, 342 Dill seed, 246 Dimethyl-xanthin, 652 Di-iodoform, 43 Dionin, 43 Dioscoracese, 431 Dioscorea villosa, 431 Diospyros virginiana, 301 Diphenylaroine, 609 Dipterocarpeae, 126 Dipterocarpus tubinatus, 126 Dipteryx, 188 odorata, 188 Distribution of the tissue in leaves, 594 Dita, 309 Dittany, 353 Diuretics, 22 Diuretin, 43 Dog button, 312 rose, 211 Dogbane, 306 Dogtooth violet, 447 Dogwood, 252 Dorema ammoniacum, 250 Double staining, 609 Draconis resina, 448 Dragon's blood, 448 Drawing, directions for, 517 Drimys granatensis, 94 winteri, 94 Drosera, 217 rotundifolia, 217 Droseraces, 217 Drug, assay of, 76, 497 Drugs, animal, 48, 59, 74 secretion of, 59 tissues of, 59 cellular, 70 insects injurious to, 500 non-cellular, 48, 57, 71 official, 48, 59 organic, 78 remedies for insects injurious to, 508 tmoffidal, 59 vegetable, 49 Dryobalanops aromatica, 127 Dryopteris nlix-mas, 458 marginalis, 458 Duboisia, 339 Duboisia myoporoides, 339 Dulcamara, 339 Duldte, 64 Dwarf elder, 252 £. Eau de javelle, 612 Ebenacese, 301 Ecballium elaterium, 237 Ecbolics, 24 Echinacea, 281 angustifolia, 281 purpurea, 281 Ectobia germanica, 472 Effects of pulverization upon identi fication, 653 Egg, 476 albumen, 476 shell, 476 yolk, 476 Elatis guineensis, 449 Elaioplasts, 640 Elastica, 390 Elaterin, 239 Elaterium, 237 Elder, 253 Elecampane, 279 Elemi, 161 Elephanotopus tomentosus, 287 Elephant's foot, 287 Elettaria repens, 428 Elodea canadensis, 539 Embelia ribes, 301 Emetics, 23 Emetine, 260 Emmenagogues, 24 Emodin, 154 Emollients, 24 Emulsin, 640 Endodermis, 592 Englemann's bacterium method, 600 Eosin, 612 Ephedra antis3rphilitica, 409 Epicauta vittata, 470 Epidermis, origin of, 564 Epigaa, 300 repens, 300 Epilobium angustifolia, 232 Epiphegus, 346 Equisetaces, 458 Equisetum hyemale, 458 Erechthites hieradflua, 282 Ergot, 463 Ergota, 463 Ericacese, 296 Erigeron, 286 annus, 286 canadense, 286 philadelphicus, 286 strigosus, 286 Eriodictyon, 324 INDEX. 679 Errhines, 23 Eryngium aquaticum, 251 Erythronium americanum, 447 Eiythrophloeum, 178 guineense, 178 Er3rtliroxylon coca, 136 Eschscholtzia califomica, 11 1 Eserin, 190 Ether, 612 method of vaporizing, 517 Ethyl bromide, 43 chloride, 43 Eucaine hydrochlorate, 43 Eucalyptol, 43 Eucal3rptiis globulus, 221 Eugenia aromatica, 224 chekan, 224 jambolana, 228 Eugenol, 641 Euon3rmus atropurpureus, 163 Eupatorium, 283 peTfoliatum, 283 purpureum, 284 Euphorbia coroUata, 389 ipecacuanha, 389 piluJifera, 389 Euphorbiaces, 387 Euphorbium, 389 Euphorin, 43 Euphrasia officinalis, 344 Euquinine, 43 Evening primrose, 232 Exalgin, 43 Excitants, cerebral, 21 motor, 21 renal, 23 Exodin, 43 Extractum glycyrrhiza, 177 Eyebright, 344 Fever root, 257 Feverfew, 288 Ficus carica, 400 Fig, 400 Figwort, 346 Filices, 458 Fireweed, 282 Fish berries, 100 Fisher's method of demonstrating cilia, 613 Fixatives, 613 Flaxseed, 134 Fleabane, 286 Florida allspice, 92 Flowers, parts of, 54, 68 Fluids, digestive, 609 Foeniculum, 240 Foenum grscum, 188 Foxglove, 342 Fragaria vesca, 214 Frangula, 164 Frangulin, 641 Frankenia grandiflora, 123 Frankeniacese, 123 Frankincense, 161 Frasera, 322 walteri, 322 Fraxinus americana, 306 sambucifolia, 306 Free cell formation, 556 Fringe tree, 306 Frostwort, 117 Fruits, parts of, 55, 68 Fuchsin, 615 Fucus nodosus, 468 vesiculosus, 468 Fumariaceae, 113 Fundamental tissue, 580 Fungi, 463 Fungus cellulose, 641 F. Fabiana imbricata, 339 Fagus ferruginea, 404 False hellebore, 86 jalaps, 327 sarsapanlla, 252 unicorn, 439 Fats, 641 and oils, 641 Fatty substances, 58 Fehling's solution, 612 Fel bovis, 478 Fennel, 240 Fenugreek, 188 Ferric ammonium sulphate, 613 chloride, 613 cyanide of potassium, 613 Ferrocyanide of potassium, 613 Ferula foetida, 248 galbaniflua, 249 sumbul, 250 6. Gadus morrhua, 475 Galanga, 425 Galangal, 425 Galbanum, 249 Galega, 184 Gali]:>ea cuspari, 144 GaHum, 271 aparine, 271 triflorum, 271 verum, 271 Galla, 404 Gallic acid, 406 Galls, 404 Gambir, 194, 272 Gamboge, 124 Garcinia hanburii, 124 manffostana, 126 Garden lavender, 355 lettuce, 288 68o INDEX. Garden purslane, 124 thyme, 355 Garlic, 439 Garrya fremontii, 253 Gaultheria, 298 procumbens, 298 Gelatine, 615 Gelatinous sheaths, 641 Gelatinum, 480 Gelechia cerealella, 506 Gelsemium, 315 sempervirens, 315 Gentian violet, 616 Gentiana, 319 catesbsi, 320 lutea, 319 punctata, 320 purpurea, 320 quinqueflora, 321 Gentianee, 319 Geraniaceae, 141 Geranium, 141 maculatum, 141 German chamomile, 289 Germander, 354 Geum rivale, 216 urbanum, 216 Gigartina mamillosa, 467 GiUenia, 216 stipulacea, 216 trifoliata, 216 Ginger, African, 423 black, 423 Chinese, 423 East Indian, 423 green, 423 Jamaica, 423 Ginseng, 252 Glechoma, 354 hederacea, 354 Globoids, 550, 642 Glucose, 616, 642 Glycerine, 616 gelatine, 616 gum, 617 Glycogen, 642 Glycyrrhiza, 174 glabra, 174 Gnaphalium polycephalum, 287 Gnetaceae, 409 Goa powder, 191 Goanese ipecac, 162 Gold and mercury, 26 Gold chloride, 617 size, 617 thread, 84 Goldenrod, 288 Goldenseal, 81 Gonolobus condurango, 311 Gossypii radicis cortex, 129 Gossypium herbaceum, 129 purificatum, 130 Gouania, 169 Gouania domingensis, 169 Gourd towel, 231 Grains of paradise, 429 Gramines, 451 Gram's method, 617 Granati frucus cortex, 232 Granatum, 229 Granimi paradisi, 429 Grape sugar, 455 Grass-tree resin, 447 Gravel plant, 300 Great laurel, 300 Green dragon, 451 hellebore, 84 Greenhart bark, 381 Grindelia, 285 robusta, 285 squarrosa, 285 Ground ivy, 354 Growths, abnormal, 48, 57 Guaco, 283 Guaiad lignum, 139 resina, 140 Gucuacum officinale, 139 sanctum, 139 Guarana, 170 Guinea rush, 451 Gum arabic, 191, 618 camphor, 382 copal, 198 dammar, 417 guaiac, 140 tragacanth, 193 Gums, 642 Gurj\m balsam, 126 Gutta percha, 301 Guttiferae, 124 Gynocardia odorata, 118 Gysophila paniculata, 124 H. Haematein, 618 Haematics, 26 Haematoxylin and eosin, 618 and safranin, 618 Delafield's, 618 Haematoxylon campechianum, 178 Haemodoraceae, 429 Hagenia abyssinica, 214 Hair-cap moss, 468 Hairs of seed, 130 Hamamelidaceae, 217 Hamamelidis cortex, 218 Hamamelis virginica, 218 Hanging-drop culture, 618 Hardening processes, 619 Hardback, 217 Heart's ease, 117 Hedeoma pulegioides, 352 Helenium, 287 INDEX. 68 I Helenium autumnale, 287 Helianthella tenuifolia, 281 Helianthemum, 117 canadense, 117 Helianthus annuus, 294 Helleborus niger, 84 viridis, 84 Helonias dioica, 439 Hemicelluloses, 548, 643 Hemidesmus, 311 indicus, 311 Hemlock leaves, 243 seed, 242 spruce, 412 Hemp seed, 4cx> Henbane, 336 Hepatica, 92 Herbs, 51, 66 Heroin, 43 Hesperidin, 643 Heuchera, 217 americana, 217 High bush cranberry, 255 Hips, 211 Hirudo, 473 Hoang-nan, 315 Holarrhena antidysenterica, 309 Holly, 162 Hollyhock, 129 Holocain, 43 Honduras bark, 159 Honey, 476 Hop-hornbeam, 408 Hops, 397 Hordeum, 457 dlstichum, 457 Horehound, 352 Horse-chestnut, 171 Horsemint, 354 Horse-nettle, 340 Horseradish, 117 Houttuynia califomica, 370 Humulus lupulus, 397 Hundred leaved rose, 211 Hydrangea arborescens, 217 Hydrastis, 81 canadensis, 81 Hydrogen peroxide, 620 Hydrophyllaceae, 324 Hydrous wool-fat, 483 Hyoscyami semen, 338 Hyoscyamus, 336 niger, 336 Hypericineae, 124 Hypericum perforatum, 124 Hypnone, 43 H)rpnotics, 21 Hypoderma, 564 Hyraceura, 483 Hyssop, 354 * Hyssopus, 354 officinalis, 354 I. Iceland moss, 462 IchthyocoUa, 474 Ichthyol, 43 Identification by color, 65 «> by odor, 656 by taste, 656 of adulterants, 656 Ignatia, 314 Ilex opaca, 162 paraguayensis, 162 Ilidneae, 162 niidum verum, 92 Imbedding in collodion, 534 in elder pith, etc., 526 in paraffine, 529 Impatiens pallida, 142 Imperatoria ostruthium, 251 India ink, 620 rubber, 390 Indian cannabis, 398 hemp, 398 licorice, 178 sarsaparilla, 311 tobacco, 294 turnip, 451 Indican, 643 Infiltration, 620 Insect powder, 279 Insects, 59 Intercellular spaces, 560 Introduction to study of drugs, 17 Inula, 279 helenium, 279 Inulin, 549. 644 Iodine, 620 and alcohol, 621 and alimiinum chloride, 621 and glycerine, 621 and phosphoric acid, 621 and potassium iodide, 621 and sulphuric acid, 621 green, 621 Ipecac, 257 Ipecacuanha, 257 spurge, 389 Ipomoea pandurata, 327 Irideae, 429 Iris fiorentina, 429 versicolor, 429 Irish moss, 467 Iron acetate, 621 haematoxylin, 621 Iron-wood, . 408 Irritants, 24 Isinglass, 474 J. Jaborandi, 147 Jacaranda procera, 347 682 INDEX. ack-in-the-pulpit, 451 alap, 325 amaica dogwood, 178 ambu assu, 370 ambul, 228 ateorrhiza palmata, 94 ava plum, 228 tea, 355 effersonia diphylla, 104 equirity, 178 ewel weed, 142 impson weed, 142 uglandaceae, 401 uglans cinerea, 40 nigra, 402 uniper berries, 411 unipenis communis, 411 oxycedrus, 412 sabina, 410 virginiana, 411 K. Kalmia latifolia, 300 Kamala, 394 Kauri resin, 417 Kava-kava, 370 Kino, 195 Knives, microtome,, method of sharpen- ing, 523 Kousso, 214 Krameria, 118 ixina, 118 triandra, 118 L. Labiatae, 348 Labrador tea, 300 Lac, 479 Lacca, 390 Laciniaria spicata, 281 Lactophenin, 44 Lactuca canadensis, 288 sativa, 288 virosa, 288 Lactucarium, 288 Ladies' slipper, 418 Lady's bedstraw, 271 Laminaria digitata, 468 Lamium album, 354 Lanolin, 483 Lappa, 279 Lapps fructus, 280 Lard, 481 oil, 481 Large flowering spurge, 389 Larix americana, 412 Larkspur seed, 88 Laserpitium latifolium, 251 Lasioderma serricorne, 504 Latex, constitution of, 581 Laurel, 381 Laurinaceae, 373 Laurocerasus, 214 Laurus nobilis 381 Lavandula, 355 vera, 355 Lead acetate, 621 Lead, copper, silver and bismuth, 26 Leaf, termination of bundles in, 597 Leafy tops, 54, 65 Leaves, 53, 64 functions, of, 594 structure of, 594 Ledum, 300 latifolium, 300 Leech, 473 Leguminosae, 174 Lemon products, 154 Lenticels, 572 Leonurus, 354 cardiaca, 354 Lepisma saccharina, 507 Leptandra, 344 Lettuce opium, 288 Leucin, 644 Leucoplastids, 546 Leucoplasts, 644 Levant wormseed, 292 Levisticum, 251 Lichenes, 462 Life-everlasting, 287 Life-root, 287 Lignified walls, 544 Lignum vitae, 139 Ligusticum filicum, 251 levisticum, 251 Ligustrum, 306 vulgare, 306 Liliaceae, 431 Lily of the valley, 435 Limonis cortex, 155 succus, 154 Linden flower, 133 Lindera benzoin, 381 Lineae, 134 Linseed, 134 Linum, 134 usitatissimum, 134 Lipochromes, 644 Lippia dulcis, 347 mexicana, 347 Liquidambar orientalis, 219 styraciflua, 220 Liriodendron tiilipifera, 71 Lithium carbonate, 621 Litmus, 462 Liverleaf, 92 Liverwort, 92 Lobelia, 294 inflata, 294 Loganiacese, 312 Logwood, 178 Long pepper, 369 Loranthaceae, 387 INDEX. 683 Lovage, 251 Lucuma glycyphlaea, 301 Lufifa, 336 egyptiaca, 236 echinata, 236 Lungwort, 325 Lupulin, 397 Lupulinum, 347 Lycopersicum esoilentum, 342 Lycopodiaceae, 460 Lycopodium clavatum, 460 Lycopus virginicus, 354 Lysioin, 44 L}rsigenous intercellular spaces, 561 M. Macassar oil, 171 Maceration, 621 Mads, 373 Madder, 261 Magnesium, 644 sulphate and ammonium chloride, 622 Magnification, determination of, 518 Magnolia, 9^ gkuca, 93 Magnoliaces, 92 Maidenhair, 460 Maize oil, 455 Majorana, 354 Male-fern, 458 Mallotus phUippinensis, 394 Mallow, 129 Malt, 459 Maltose, 644 Maltum, 457 Malus, 205 Malva, 129 sylvestris, 129 Malvaces, 127 Man of the earth, 327 Manaca, $$$ Mandrake, 10 1 Manganese, iron and chromium, 26 Mango fruit, 126 Mangostana, 126 Mangosteen, 126 ManHiot aipi, 457 utuissima, 457 Manna, 305 Manzanito, 298 Map of South America, 264 Maple, red or swamp, 171 Maranta arundinacea, 457 Maregamia alata, 162 Margosa bark, 162 Marigold, 293 Marrubinum, 353 vulgare, 353 Marsh rosemary, 300 Marshmallow, 127 Masterwort, 251 Mastiche, 172 Material, fresh, fixing of, 528 hardening of, 529 reserve, 546 sealing, in balsam, 533 sectioning, imbedded in paraf- fin, 530 Matico, 370 Matricaria, 289 chamomilla, 289 parthenium, 288 Maw seed, no May apple, loi weed, 289 Meadow saffron, 442 Medullary ra3rs, 582 verticai extent of, 587 Mel, 476 Melaleuca leucadendron, 228 Melia azedarach, 162 Meliaces, 162 Melilotus, 184 officinalis, 184 Melissa officinalis, 353 Melon tree, 233 Membranes, lignified, 644 lining, 537 the plasma, 542 Menispermacese, 94 Menispermum canadense, 99 Mentha piperita, 349 viridis, 350 Menthol, 350 Menyanthes, 32J trifoliata, 323 Mercurialis annua, 390 Mercuric chloride, 622 Mercurol, 44 Mercury weed, 390 Meristematic tissues, 561 Metabolic processes, 541 Methane or fatty add series, 32 Methyl -alcohol, 622 -blue, 622 -green, 623 and acetic add, 623 -violet, 624 Methylene-blue, 623 and carbol-fuchsin, 623 Methylene-violet, 44 Methjrsticum, 370 Metroxylon rumphii, 457 sagu, 457 Mezereon bark, 384 Micromeria douglasii, 355 Microscope, the use of, 509 drawing from, 517 Microscopical examination of powdered drugs, 653 Microtome, 521 knives, sharpening of, 523 684 INDEX. Middle lamella, 559 Migranin, 44 Milfoil, 287 Milk, 479 Milkweed, 311 Millon's reagent, 624 Mineral crystals, 550 deposits, 546 Mistletoe, 387 Mitchella, 270 repens, 270 Mitella nuda, 217 Mites, 502 Momordica balsamina^ 236 Monarda, 354 fistulosa, 354 punctata, 354 Monesia, 301 Monimiaces, 371 Monkshood, 88 Moraceae, 67 Morphine, 644 Morus, 401 Moschus moschiferus, 477 Mother cloves, 226 Motherwort, 354 Mountain laurel, 300 mint, 355 sage, 286 Mounting sections, 532 Mounts, making permanent,- 535 permanent from material im- bedded in elder pith, 536 Movements of protoplasm, 539 Mucilages, 645 Mucilaginous walls, 546 Mucuna, 191 pruriens, 191 Mugwort, 286 Mulberry, 401 Mullein, 344 Musk, 477 root, 250 Mutisia vicisfolia, 287 Mutton suet, 480 Mydriatics, 24 Mylabris bifasciata, 470 cichorii, 470 phalerata, 470 Mylois ceratonia, 506 Myotics, 24 Myrcia acris, 224 Myrica cerifera, 402 Myristica fragrans, 371 Myristicacese, 371 Myrobolanus, 220 Myrosin, 645 Myrrha, 160 Myrseneae, 301 Myrtaceae, 220 Myxomycete, movement of cytoplasm of, 539 N. Naphtalium, 44 Naphthol, 624 Narceine, 645 Narcotics, 21 Narcotine, 645 Nargol, 44 Neat's-foot oil, 480 Nectandra, 381 Nepcta cataria, 354 Neriimi oleander, 311 Nessler's reagent, 624 Nettle, 400 Newbouldia, 347 laevis, 347 New Jersey tea, 169 Nicotiana tabacum, 338 Nicotine, 645 NigelU, 88 damascena, 88 Night-blooming cereus, 238 Nitrates, 645 Nosophen, 44 Nuclear division, 554 Nucleus, 537, 540, 645 structure and functions of, 540 Nuphar advena, 106 Nut-gall, 404 Nutmeg, 371 Nutrient media, 624 Nux vomica, 312 Nymphaea, 106 odorata, 106 O. Oatmeal, 457 Ocimum basuilicum, 355 Oculiana virginea, 474 CEnanthe phellandriimi, 247 (Enothera biennis, 232 Official drugs, 48 Oil-immersion objective, use of, 515 Oil of amber, 417 of bay, 224 of bitter almonds, 206 of cade, 412 of caraway, 234 of cedar, 605 of clover, 607 of fennel, 240 of fleabane, 286 of horsemint, 354 of penn)rroyal, 352 of peppermint, 349 of petit-grain, 153 of spearmint, 351 of spike, 355 of sweet birch, 408 of tar, 416 of wintergreen, 298 INDEX. 685 Oils, 549» 645 ethereal, 641 fatty, 641 Old man, 286 Olea europaea, 304 Oleaceae, 303 Oleander, 311 Oleoresins, 58 Oleum adipis, 481 amygdalae amara, 207 expressum, 208 anethi, 246 anisi, 239 aurantii corticis, 152 flonmi, 154 bergamottae, 155 betulae volatile, 408 bubulum, 480 cadinum, 412 cajuputi, 228 camphors, 384 cannabis, 400 cari, 244 caryophylli, 226 chenopodii, 356 cinnamomi, 376 cocois, 449 copaibae, 198 coriandri, 245 cubebae, 368 erigerontis, 286 eucalypti, 223 fceniculi, 241 gaultheriae, 298 gossypii seminis, 131 hedeomae, 352 juniperi, 412 lauri, 381 lavandulae florum, tKK limoms, 155 Hni, 135 maydis, 455 menthae piperita, 350 viridis, 351 monardae, 354 morrhuae, 475 m)rrciaB, 224 myristicae, 373 expressum, 373 neroli, 154 olivae, 304 origani, 353 palms, 449 picis liquidae, 416 pimentae, 228 ricini, 393 rosae, 211 rosmarini, 354 rusd, 415 rutae, 150 sabins, 411 santali, 386 sassafras, 380 Oleum sesami, 347 sinapis expressum, 116 succini, 417 terebinthinum, 414 theobromatis, 132 thymi, 355 tiglii, 394 valerians, 273 Olibanum, 161 Onagraries, 232 Opii pulvis, 109 Opium, 107 deodoratum, 109 Opuntia coccinilifera, 471 Orange products, 151 Orchella, 629 Orchides, 418 Orchil, 463 Orchis mascula, 420 morio, 420 Oregon grape, 105 Orexin, 44 Organic drugs, 78 chemicals, 31 Organs of cell, 537 Oriental cashew nut, 174 Origanum, 353 majorane, 354 vulgare, 353 Orobanchaces, 346 Orris root, 429 Orseillin and aniline blue, 629 Orthosiphon stamineus, 355 Oryza sativa, 457 Os, 479 sepis, 474 Osha, 251 Osmorrhiza longistylis, 252 Osmunda regalis, 460 Ostrea edulis, 474 virginiana, 474 Ostrya virginica, 408 Outgrowths, glandular, 59 Ovis aries, 483 Ovum, 476 Ox-gall, 478 Oxydendrum arboreum, 300 Oxytocics, 24 Oyster shell, 474 P. Paeonia, 92 officinalis, 92 Paku-kidang, 460 Pale rose, 211 Palisade parenchyma, 596 Palma christi, 391 Palms, 447 Palm oil, 449 Panax, 252 quinquefolium, 252 686 INDEX. Pancreatin, 482 Pancreatinum, 482 Pansy, 117 Papaver, no rhoeas, 113 somniferum, no Papaveraceae, 106 Papaveris semen, no Papaw, true, 233 Paraffin, 629 Paraform, 44 Paragalactan, 646 Paraguay tea, 162 Paraldehyde, 44 Paramylum, 646 Parasites, 48, 57 Pareira brava, 97 Paromalus, 505 Parsley, fruit, 347 root, 247 Parthenium, 288 Partridge berry, 270, 298 Pasque flower, 85 Passiflora, 233 incamata, 233 Passifloreae, 233 Passion flower, 233 PaulUnia cupana, 170 Peach leaves, 205 Pedalineae, 347 Pellitory, 278 Pencil flower, 184 Penghawar, 460 Pennyroyal, 352 Penthorum, 217 sedoides, 217 Peony, 92 Pepo, 236 Pepper, j68 Peppermint, 349 Pepsin, 481, 629 Pepsinum, 481 Pericycle, 594 Periderm, 571 Periplaneta americana, 471 orientalis, 471 Permanent mounts, from material im- bedded in elder pith, etc., 536 msjcing of, in gly- cerine jelly, 535 Peronin, 44 Persea gratissima, 384 Persica, 205 Persimmon, 301 Peruvian bark, 261 Petroselinum, 247 sativum, 247 Peumus boldus, 371 Pezizin, 646 Phellandrium, 247 Phellogen, 571 Phenacetin, 44 PhenocoU hydrochloride, 44 Phenograms, 48, 49 Phenol, 605 Phloem, 574 Phloridzin, 646 Phloroglucin, 629, 646 Phoradendron flavescens, 387 Phostosyntax, 600 Physeter macrocephalus, 475 Physostigma, 189 venenosum, 189 Phytolacca decandra, 306 Phytolaccae fructus, 357 radix, 356 Phytolaccaceae, 356 Pichi, 339 Picraena excelsa, 159 Picro-nigrosin, 630 Pilocarpus, 147 jaborandi, 147 selloanus, 147 Pimenta, 226 officinalis, 226 Pimpernel, 251 Pimpinella, 251 anisum, 239 saxifraga, 251 Pineapple, 429 Pink root, 317 Pinus palustris, 412 Piper, 68 album, 369 angustifolium, 370 cubeba, ^66 jaborandi, 370 longum, 369 meth)rsticum, 370 nigrum, 368 Piperaceae, 366 Piperazine, 44 Piperine, 647 Pipsissewa, 298 Piscidia erjrthrina, 178 Pistacia lentiscus, 172 terebinthus, 173 Pitcher plant, 106 Piths, S3 Pix burgundica, 416 canadensis, 416 liquida, 415 Plant cell and products, 537 hairs, 54 Plantagineae, 355 Plantago, 355 major, 355 Plantain, 355 Plastids, 542 Plumba^neae, 300 Podophyllum, 100 peltatum, 10 1 Poison ivy, 171 oak, 171 Poke berries, 357 INDEX. 687 Poke root, 356 Polemoniacsea, 324 Polemonium reptans, 324 Polygala rubella, 123 senega, 121 Polygaleae, 118 Polygonatum biflorum, 439 Polygonea, 357 Polygonum acre, 363 bistorta, 363 Polymnia uvedalia, 281 Polypodium vulgare, 460 Polypody, 460 Polyporus fom^ntarium, 466 officinalis,. 466 Polytricaceae, 461 Polytrichum juniperum, 461 Pomegranate, 229 rind, 232 Pond dogwood, 270 Pongamia glabra, 198 oil, 198 Poppy capsules, no seed, no Populus balsamifera, 409 tremuloides, 409 Portulaca oleracea, 124 Portulaceae, 124 Potassium alcohol, 630 hydrate, 630 Potato beetle, 470 » Potentilla canadensis, 216 tormentilla, 218 Prayer beads, 178 Premna taitensis, 348 Prickly-ash bark, 143 fruit, 144 Primulaceae, 300 Prince's pine, 298 Prinos, 162 Privet, 306 Procambium bundle, 572 Protareol, 44 Proteids, 647 Protein crystalloids, 647 grains, 549 Protoplasm, 648 movements of, 648 Protoplasmic connections, 648 Protoplast, 537 Prunum, 204 Prunus amygdalus, var. amara, 206 domestica, 204 dulcis, 207 laurocerasus, 214 persica, 205 serotina, 202 Virginiana, 202, 204 Ptelia trifoliata, 145 Pterocarpus marsupium, 195 santalinus, 180 Pterocaulon pycnostachyon, 282 Ptinus brunneus, 504 Pulmonaria officinalis, 325 Pulsatilla, 85 Pulverization-powdering, 654 Pumpkin seed, 236 Punica granatum, 229 Punicaceae, 229 Purgatives, 23 Purging cassia, 186 nuts, 394 Purified ox-gall, 478 Pycnanthemum montanum, 355 Pyrenoids, 648 P3rrethri flores, 279 Pyrethrum, 278 Germanicum, 278 Pyrogallic acid, 407 Pyrogallol, 407 Pyrus cydonia, 205 malus, 205 Q. Quaker button, 312 Quassia, 156 amara, 157 bark, 159 Surinam, 158 Quassis cortex, 159 Quebracho, 308 Queen of the meadow, 284 Queen's delight, 387 root, 387 Quercus alba, 402 lusitanica, 404 Quillaja, 208 saponaria, 208 Quince seed, 205 R. Ragweed, 283 Ragwort, 287 Raisin, 169 Ranunculaces, 78 Ranunculus, 86 bulbosus, 86 Raspberry, 213 Rattlesnake's master, 251 Reagents and processes, 601 use of, 516 Red clover, 184 poppy. "3 root, 169 rose, 210 sandalwood, 180 Saunders, 180 sedge, 451 Redbud, 178 Rejuvenescence, 552 Remedies, external, 20 internal, 19 688 INDEX. Remedies, synthetical, 17 Remijia pedunculata, 270 purdieana, 270 Resin, 415, 649 Resina, 415 Resorcin, 44 Rhamnese, 164 Rhamnus cathartica, 169 frangula, 164 pursniana, 166 Rhatany, 118 Savanilla, 119 Rheum ofl&cinale, 358 rhaponticum, 361 Rhizomes, 50, 61 Rhododendron, 300 Rhceas, 113 Rhubarb, 358 Rhus aromatica, 171 glabra, 172 radicans, 171 toxicodendron, 171 Ricinus communis, 391 Ring of annular grovi'th, constitution of, 589 Roman chamomile, 290 Roots, 49» 59 increase in thickness of, 589, 591 Rosa canina, 211 centifolia, 211 damascena, 211 gallica, 210 Rosaceae, 201 Rosemary, 354 Rosin, 415 weed, 287 Rosmarinus, 354 officinalis, 354 Rottlera, 397 Rubia, 261 tinctorium, 261 Rubiacese, 257 Rubus, 212 canadensis, 213 idsus, 213 villosus, 212 Rudbeckia laciniata, 287 Rue, 150 Rumex, 363 crispus, 363 hymenosepalus, 363 Ruta, 150 graveolens, 150 Rutacese, 143 Ruthenium red, 630 Rutin, 649 S. Sabal, 436 Sabbatia, 323 angularis, 323 Sabbatia elliotti, 323 paniculata, 323 Sabina, 410 Saccharum, 72 lactis, 479 of&cinarum, 452 uvenum, 455 Safflower, 293 Saffron, 430 Safranin, 630 Safrol, 44 Sage brush, 286 Sago, 457 Saigon cassia, 378 cinnamon, 378 St. Ignatius' bean, 314 St. John's bread, 187 -wort, 124 Salep, 420 Salicaceae, 408 Salicin, 649 Salicinum, 408 Salicylate of soda, 631 Salix, 408 alba, 408 Salol, 44 Salophen, 45 Salt, 631 Salvia, 65 officinalis, 354 Sambucus, 253 canadensis, 253 Sandalwood, 386 Sandarac, 417 Sandaracca, 417 Sanguinaria, iii canadensis, 11 1 Sanguis, 479 Sanguisuga medicinalis, 473 Santalaceas, 386 Santalin, 649 Santalum album, 386 rubnmi, 180 Santonica, 292 Sapindaceae, 169 Saponaria, 124 levantica, 124 officinalis, 124 Saponin, 209, 649 Sapotaceae, 301 Saraca indica, 178 Sarracenia flava, 106 purpurea, 106 Sarraceniaceae, 106 Sarsaparilla, 432 Brazilian, 432 Honduras, 432 Jamaica, 432 Mexican, 432 Sassafras, 379 bark, 379 lignum, 380 medulla, 380 INDEX. 689 Sassafras, pith, 380 varii folium, 379 Sassy bark, 178 Satureia hortcnsis, 355 Savine, 410 Saw palmetto, 448 Saxifrageae, 217 Scammonium, 327 Scammony, 327 Scarlet pimpernel, 300 Schizogenous intercellular spaces, 560 Schlerchera trijuga, 171 Scilla, 410 Scitamineae, 422 Scoparius, 185 Scopola, 334 Scouring rush, 458 Scrophularia nodosa, 346 Scrophularineae, 342 Scutellaria lateriflora, 353 Sea-girdles, 468 Sealing in balsam, 533 Section-cutting, different methods of, 525 preparation of material for, 525 Sectioning, 530 Sections, imbedding of, in collodion, 534 in paraffin, 529 mounting of, on slide, 532 staining the, 533 Sedatives, cardiac, 22 local, 24 pulmonary, 23 renal, 23 vascular, 22 vesical, 22 Sedum acre, 217 Seed coverings, 56 Semecarpus, 174 anacardium, 174 Semi nose, 649 Senecio aureus, 287 Senega, 121 Senna, 182 Alexandria, 182 India, 182 Sepia officinalis, 474 Serenoa serrulata, 448 Serpentaria, 363 Serpyllum, 354 Serum antitoxins, 45, 484 Scsamum, 347 indicum, 347 Sevum, 480 Shellac, 631 Shcllbark hickory, 402 Shepherd's purse, 117 Sialagogues, 23 Sieve-tubes, development of, 573 Silica, 556, 649 Silphium laciniatum, 287 Silvanus advena, 505 44 Silvanus surinamensis, 505 Silver nitrate, 631 Simaba cedron, 159 Simaruba, 159 officinalis, 159 SimarubeiE, 156 Sinapine, 650 Sinapis alba, 114 nigra, 115 Sitodrepa panicea, 503 Skullcap, 355 Skunk cabbage, 451 Slippery-elm bark, 395 Smart weed, 363 S mil ax medica, 432 officinalis, 432 papyracea, 432 Snakehead, 346 Sneeze wort, 287 Soapbark, 208 Soapwort, 124 Levant, 124 Sodium cacodylate, 45 ethylate, 45 Solanin, 650 Solanum, 339 carolinense, 340 dulcamara, 339 tuberosum, 457 Solidago, 288 odora, 288 Solomon's seal, 439 Sourwood, 300 Southern-wood, 286 Sozoiodol, 45 Spanish flies, 469 needles, 287 Sparteine, 186 Sj^armint, 350 Speedwell, 346 Spergulin, 650 Spermaceti, 475 Spice bush, 381 Spigelia, 317 marilandica, 317 Spindle, kinoplasmic, 554 Spinosum, 283 Spiny clotbur, 283 Spirsa tomentosa, 217 Spiral vessels, development of, 572 Sponge, 473 Spongia officinalis, 473 Spongy parenchyma, 594 Squaw root, 100 vine, 270 Squill, 440 Stachvs betonica, 355 Staining the sections, 533 intra vitam, 631 Staphisagria, 86 Star anise, 92 Starch, 456, 546, 650 mounting for examination, 509 690 INDEX. Starwort, 429 Statice, 300 brasiliensis, 300 Statice limonium, 300 Stavesacre, 86 Stearoptens, 73 Stele, 594 Stellaria, 124 media, 124 Stercullaceae, 131 Ste!)iiutatorieS| 23 StUlingia sylvatica, 381 Stimulants, cardiac, 22 hepatic, 23 vascular, 22 Stinging-nettle, 4cx> Stomaciics, 23 Stomata, action of, 570 Stone root, 355 Storax, 219 Stramonium, 335 leaves, 336 seeds, 335 Strawberry, 214 Strophanthus, 309 hispidus, 309 Strumarium, 283 Strychnine, 650 Strychnos castelnseana, 319 ignatia, 314 malaccensis, 315 nux vomica, 312 Stylosanthes elatior, 184 St)rraceaB, 301 Styrax, 219 benzoin, 301 Suberin, 650 Suberized walls, 544 Substances, extractive, 71 fatty, 73 mucilaginous, 72 resinous, 72 saccharine, 72 Succinum, 417 Sudorifics, 23 Suet, 480 Sugar, 452 mite, 502 of milk, 479 Sulphonal, 45 Sumac, 172 Sumbul, 250 Summer savory, 355 Sundew, 217 Sunflower, 294 Surgeon's agaric, 466 Sus scrofa, 481 Swamp milkweed, 311 Sweet almond, 207 basU, 355 bay, 381 cicely, 252 clover, 184 Sweet fern, 402 flag, 449 gum, 220 marjoram, 354 oil, 304 orange j>eel, 151 sumach, 172 Swertia chirata, 322 Sjrmphytum, 325 officinale, 325 Symplocarpus foetidus, 451 S)mopsis of natural orders, 4S8 Syringin, 651 T. Tabacum, 338 Table of therapeutic agents, 19 Tag alder, 407 Tamarac, 412 Tamarind, 187 Tamarindus, 187 indica, 187 Tanacetum vulgare, 286 Tannic add, 406 Tannin, 132 and antimonium-potassium tar- trate, 632 Tannins, 651 Tansy, 286 Tapioca, 457 Tar, 415 Taraxacum, 275 officinale, 275 Tare flour, 457 Tea, 126 Tegumentary tissues, 564 Tenebrio olicurus, 505 Terebinthina, 412 canadensis, 416 chia, 173 Terminalia chebula, 220 Temstroemiaceae, 126 Terra japonica, 272 Testa, 474 ovi, 476 Tetronal, 45 Teucrium, 354 • chamaedrys, 354 Texas sarsaparilla, 100 Thapsia garganica, 251 Thea, 126 Theobroma, 132 cacao, 132 Theobromine, 652 Therapeutical agents affecting nervous and muscular sys- tems, 19 affecting nutrition, affecting special organs, 19 defined, 20 INDEX. 691 Therapeutical agents of chemical nature, table of, 19, 25 which act upon or- ganisms wmch infest the human body, 20 Thimble weed, 287 Thiocol, 45 Thomapple, 335 Thoroughwort, 283 Thuja occidentalis, 411 Thymelaceffi, 384 Thymol, 246 Thymus, 355 serpyllum, 354 vufgaris, 355 Tighum, 393 Tilia americana, 133 Tiliacese, 133 Tinea, 506 Tissues, 558 distribution of, in leaves, 594 fundamental, or ground, 580 rings, of, 589 secondary increase in thickness, 584 meristematic, 561 systems of, 561 tegumentary, 564 vascular, 572 Titles, descriptive, 41 of new remedies, 41 of organic chemicals, 40 Tobacco, 338 Tomato, 342 Tonga, 347 Tonics, 22 vesical, 22 Tonka bean, 188 Tormentilla, 216 Torula cerevisiae, 466 Tracheids, formation of, 586 Tragacantha, 193 Trailing arbutus, 300 Tree of heaven, 159 Trichloracetic acid, 45 Trichomes, 568 Tricresol, 45 Trifolium pratense, 184 repens, 184 Trigonella foenum graecum, 188 •Trilisa odoratissima, 282 Trillium erectiun, 439 Trional, 45 Triosteum perfoliatum, 257 Triticum, 452 vulgare, 453 Tropical bindweed, 315 Trypeta amicivora, 507 Tsuga canadensis, 412 Tul^rs, 51, 62 Tulip-tree bark, 94 Turkey corn, 113 Turmeric, 427 Tumera diffusa, 233 Tumeraceae, 233 Turpentine, 412, 623 Chian, 173 Venetian, 632 Tussilago, 287 farfara, 287 Twigs, 53, 63 Twin-leaf, 104 Tyrosin, 652 U. Ulmus fulva, 395 Umbelliferae, 238 Umbellularia calif omica, 381 Uncaria gambir, 272 Urechites, 311 Urethane, 45 Urginea maritima, 440 Uricedin, 45 Urotropin, 45 Urtica dioica, 400 1 Urticaceae, 394 Ustilago, 466 Uva passa, 169 ursi, 296 V. 