None
for latent defect (888) 7^1 origin of (888) * ... 762 sale voeMocU (889) ! 762 an alternative remedy (890) 764 when it lies (890) 76i against whom (891) ! 766 nature of defect in (891) 765 duty of seller (891) ' . ! 766 and hypothec (891) * . ' ! 766 in case of acceptance (891) ! 766 and rejection (891) 7^ prescription of (891) ........ 766 joint plaintiffs in (891) .767 goods sold by sample (891) 767 condition precedent to (893) 769 rule as to defects (893) ' . . ! 769 when not available (893) .769 express warranty and (893) 769 See Acne Quanti Minoris; Sale; WAHRAWTr. ACTIO TRIBUTORIA. when it lay (966) g75 its origin (966) 375 is obsolete (966) ! 875 ACTIO VENDITL what it is (895) 772 in whose favour (895) 772 ( 6 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. ACTIO VENDITJ— continued. page againflt whom (896) 77a claim for interest in (895) 773 daim for damages in (895) 773 price by instalments daimed in (895) 774 duty of plaintiff in (896) ' . 775 See Sale. ACTUS DEI. See IlCPOSSIBILITT ; Vi8 Major. ADDICTIO IN DIEM. in Boman Law (859) 718 in Boman-Dutch Law (859) 718 what it is (859) 718 illustrations of (859) 718 rules as to (859) 719 unconditional (859) 719 rights of buyer under (859) 719 rights of third parties under (860) . 719 bidders at sale (860) 720 effect of successive (860) 721 competition of parties to (860) 721 See Sale. ADJECTUS SOLUTION!. definition (795) 586 when payment made (795) 586 mode of substitution of (795) 586 right of payment of (79.5) 586 novation by (817) 627 See Payment. ADVICE. See Mandate. AGENCY. in case of sale (852) 704—707 definition and divisions (939) 844 in Boman Law (939) 844 legal fiction as to (939) 844 Story's definition (939) 845 actio quodjuMu on (939) 845 general and special (940) 846 general, defined (940) 846 special, defined (940) 846 ostensible authority (940) 846 construction of special (940) 846 inquiry as to special (940) 847 universal (940) 847 mandate (941— 945) S47— 851 mandate when inferred (942) 848 capacity to give mandate (944) 850 lawful subjects of mandate (945) 850 CJj. — ^VOL. u. ( 7 ) 4 F INDEX TO VOL. U. AOESCY'-coniinued. PlOB oommeroial (946— 948) 851—855 commercial, defined (946) 851 actio ifuHtaria {M6) 851 of factors (946) 851 of brokers (946) 851 of aactioneers (946) 852 insurance (947) 854 of partners (948) 854 marine or ship agency (949 — 951) 855—857 of ship-master (949) 855 bottomry (950) 856 in writing (952) 857 power of attorney (952) 857 nature and extent of authority (953) 858 construction of authority (953) 858 interpretation of authority (954) 859 construction of documents of (955) 860 assumption as to extent of (955) 862 verbal, what it includes (956) 862 limitation of, implied (956) 862 referring to special Act (956) 862 extension of, implied (956) 8^ incidental authority (958) 863 execution of authoiity (900) 866 degree of diligence in (962) 868 distinction between, and bailment (963) 870 adverse interests of parties (964) 871 coupled with an interest (964) 871 actions by and against principals (965) 872 actions by principals (965) 872 actio mandati directa (965) 872 defences against a principal (967) 875 ratification (967) 875 vberrima fide$ in (961) 876 actions against (968) 877 liability of agent to third person (969) 880 non-disclosure of (969) 881 negligence in (970) 883 rtipondeat iuperior in (910) 883 liability of third persons to agents (971) 884 liability of third persons to principals (974) 889 principal's action on (974) 889 termination of (975) 889 death of agent (975) 889 death of principal (975) 889 renunciation or revocation of (975) 889 procurator in rem sitam (975) 890 bow renounced (976) 892 ( 8 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. AGENCY—continued. BAdE terminated by law (977) 892 death of parties (978) 892 extinction of subject-matter of (979) 893 See Agbkt; Authority; Mandate; Power of AtTORNBT ; PRlnuutAIi. AGENT. payments made to (795) 583 novation by (817) 626 anthority of, to compromise (820) 631 sale to (852) 704—707 defined (939) 845 general, defined (940) 846 particular or special, defined (040) 846 commercial (946— 948) H51— 855 commission (946) 851 when entitled to commission (946) 854 insurance (947) 854 partner as (948) 854 master of vessel as (949) X55 with free administration (953) 859 must act within authority (954) 859 right of , to alienate (954) 860 signing /XT ;>rocttra^t<m (954) 860 inquiry as to authority of (954) 860 extent of written authority of (955) 861 exemptions as to written authority of (95.>) 861 declarations by principal as to (955) 861 limit of implied authority of (956) 862 deduction as to incidental powers of (958) 863 personal duty of (960) 866 acts of, in principal's name (9t)0) 866 signing written contract (960) 866 formalities of contract of (960) 866 act of, when binding (961) 867 variation of, from authority (961) 867 suretyship by (961) 867 when, does not exceed authority (961) 867 wife as, for husband (961) 868 degree of diligence of (962) 868 liabiUtyof, forloss(962) 868 adherence by, to instructions (903) 869 when excused from performance (963) 869 lawful excuse of (963) 869 performance of unlawful act by (963} 869 conforming to trade usages (963) 870 liability of , for substitute (963) 870 . liability of, for loss or damage (963) 870 liability of, to account (963) 870 ( 9 ) 4f 2 INDEX TO YOU U. AGENT— con^'nueti. paos advene interest of (964) 871 defences of, against principal (967) 875 ratification of acts of (967) 876 degree of good faith in (967) 876 actions of, against principal (968) 877 claim of, for commission (968) 878 claim of, for interest (968) 879 claim of , for loss (968) 879 claim of, for damage (968) 879 claim of, for innocent misrepresentation (94)H) . . 879 advances by (968) 879 not entitled to remedy (968) 879 flotation of company by (968) 879 liability of, to third persons (969) 880 voluntary liability of (969) 880 with disclosed principal (969) 881 when personally liable (969) 881 contracting in own name (969) 882 exempted from linbilitj (909) 882 wanting responsible principal (969) 882 credit of, relied on (969) 882 inference as to credit of (969) 882 Indian Law as to (969) 883 money borrowed by (9(>9) 883 nonfeasance of (970) 883 misfeasance of (970) 883 negligence of (970) 884 liability of third persons to (971) 884 only known principal (971) 885 maidng insurance policy (971) 885 dealt with as principal (971) 885 specialproperty of, in conti-act (971) 885 answerable for price (971) 885 right of, to sue (971) 885 defences against (971) 885 for executor testamentary (971) 886 exclusive credit given to (972) 886 tort of, injures principal (973) 887 State liability for torts of (973) 887 principalis action on contract of (974) 889 death of (976, 978) 889, 892 procurator in rem auam (975) t>90 appointment of, simplidter (975) 891 renunciation by, of agency (976) 891 bankruptcy of (977) 892 hypothecation by (1004) 934 hypothec of (1024) 958 See Agbkct ; Authoeity ; Mandatb ; Puikcipau ( 10 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. AGISTOR PAGE has no Uen (1024) 968 AGREEMENT. an essential of contract (747) 526 defined (748) 526 disdosore of facts ou (748) 527 mutual assent to (748) 527 withdrawal of offer (748) 527 unlawful (759) 544 mistake of fact in (775) 660 rescission of, for fraud (784) 571 fulfilment of (792) 681 See Aoobptakoe; CoNTRAer; OFJ^Kii. ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT. mode of (797) 588 See Patmsnt. ANATOCISMUS. defined (808) 607 when not pleadable (808) 607 See IlTTBRXST. ANNUITY. sale of (851) 703 Boman-Dutch Law as to (861) . . 703 right of redemption of (861) 703 when registered (861) 708 redemption of, how made (861) 703 Cape Law as to (851) 703 ANONYMOUS PABTNEE, defined (928) 832 and partner en commandite (928) 833 liability of, to third parties (928) 833 test of liability of (928) 833 See Pabtnbbship. ANTENUPTIAL CONTEACT. registration of, necessary (742) 519 settlements under (1015) 948 tacit hypothec under (1015) 948 See Vol. 1. APPLICATION OF PAYMENT. English Law as to (796) 587 APPBOPRLATION OF PAYMENTS. rules relating to (802) 693 choice of debtor (802) 693 choice of creditor (802) 693 ( 11 ) INDEX TO VOL. IL APPEOPRIATION OP PAYMENTS— continued paoi iegal presumption in (802) 594 equality of claims and (802) 594 equality of date and (802) 594 of interest (802) 594 Dutch authorities as to (802) . . . 595 English Law as to (802) 595 intention of parties and (802) . 595 See Payment. AMBHA. how given (856) 715 effect of giving (856) 715 in ready money (856) . . 715 not in ready money (856) 715 reclamation of (856) 7l6 when no locus poenitentiae {B6ei) . . . 716 suspensive sale and (862) . . . .726 See Sale. ARTIFICIAL PEESONS. contracts by (750) 530 ASSIGNMENT. See Cession. ATlTiSTATION. of written agreements (743) 520 AUCTION. risks on sale by (882) 752 See AuonoNBER. AUCnONEER differs from broken (046) 852 rights and duties of (046) .:...... 852 right of, to sue (046) 852 incidental authority of (958) 863 State hypothec over (1011) 943 as collector of revenue (1011) 944 See Agency; Agent. AUTHOEITY. special, to receive payment (795) 585 general and special (940) 846 ostensible (940) 846 construction of special (940) 846 inquiry as to special (940) 847 universal (940) 847 agent acting contraiy to (940) 847 delegation of (946) 852 delegation of , by factor (946) 852 delegation of , by broker (946) 852 ( 12 ) INDEX TO VOL. 11. AXJTBiOBJTY— continued. Paob ot insUtor (946) 863 of master of vessel (949) 855 for bottomry bonds (950) 856 in case of ^vreck (951) 857 to sell cargo (951) ....#«... 857 in writing (952) 857 by power of attorney (952) 857 nature and extent of (953) 858 neoeesary construction of (953) 858 to indorse bill (953) 858 limits of (953) .859 interpretation of (954) 859 language of (954) 859 agent bound by (954) 859 general, to admimster freely (954) 859 presumption as to extent of (954) 860 with signature per procurcUum (954) 860 inquiry as to written (954) 860 failure to inquire as to (954) 860 when duty of inquiry exists as to (954) 860 varying interpretation of (955) 860 extent of, how ascertained (955) 861 exceptions to rule as to written (955) 861 evidence as to enlargement of (955) 861 informal instruments a-s to (955) 861 how implication of, arises (956) 862 deduction of incidental (958) 863 what are incidents of (958) 863 incidental, of auctioneer (958) 863 incidental, of broker (958) 863 incidental, of factor (958) 863 incidental, of ship-master (958) 863 general, how far binding (959) 865 special, how far binding (959) 865 execution of (960) 866 variation of agent from (961) 867 excess by agent of (961) 867 when agent does not exceed (961) 867 of wife to act for husband (961) 868 implied warranty of (969) 881 revocation of (975) 889 when irrevocable (975) 890 revocation of, by death (978) 892 See AoBNCT ; Aonrr ; Mandate ; Prinoipal. AVERAGE. in Oape CJolony (1072) 1012 origin of Dutch Law as to (1073) 1012 ( 15 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. AYERAOE'-coiMnued. PACT Lex Bhodia deJadusiB to (lOlS) 1012 a quaai-contaract (1073) 1012 Ynetorj ot Lex Rhodia {1014) 1012 j^visionBotLex Bhodia {lOlo) . . ' 1013 defined (1076) 1014 gross and oommon (lOiO) 1014 gross, defined (1076) 1014 what gross, includes (1076) 1014 common, defined (1076a) 1015 to what common, applies (1076a) 1015 as to dues (1077) 1015 as to leakage (1077) 1015 and master's fraud (107b) 1015 remedy of owner of goods for (I07i^) 1016 who are liable to (1079) 1016 B. BAILEE. his right of retention (830) 649 defined (1045) 979 degree of diligence of (1040) 980 liability of, for negligence (1045) 980 right of, on commodcUwn (1054) 992 See Bailment. BATTiMENT. differs from ordinary agency (963) 870 liability in tort on (973) 888 in general (1045) 979 defined (1045) 979 classified (1045) 979 for bailor's benefit (1045) 979 for bailee's benefit (1045) 979 for benefit of both parties (1045) 980 degree of diligence in (1045) 980 liability for negligence in (1045) 980 accidental loss in (1045) 981 t»M<uttm (1046— 1050) 981—987 deposit (1051— 1053) 987—991 commodatum (1054—1056) 992—995 pawn (1057) 995—996 in Boman Law (1058) 997 innkeepers (1059—1061) 997—1002 stablekeepers (1062) 1002 carriers (1063) 1002—1004 value of articles baUed (1063) 1004 See Cabrier; Oomxodatum; Deposit; Innkeeper; Mutuxtm; Pawn. ( 14 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. BAILOfi. PAOE defined (1046) 979 See Bahjcbnt. BENEFICIA. divtBi&nU (739, 988) 514, 907 de dtiolms vdpluribue rets debtiidi (739, 831) . 514, 661 co-prmcipal debtors (739) 614 of a surety (984) 901 exoussion (984) 901 cession of actions (989) 911 BENEFICIAL OCCUPATION. of leased property (837) 666 remission of rent for want of (837) 666 Cape Law as to (837) 666 comments on Cape Law as to (837) 667 Transvaal cases (837) 667 See BSNT. BENEFICIUM COMPETENTIAE. what it is (926) 831 when claimable (926) 831 whether obsolete (925) 831 See Parti^rship. BENEFIT OF CESSION. what it is (989) 911 when not demandable (989) 911 in case of pledges (989) 911 rights of surety under (989) 912 action ceded under (989) 912 what share claimed by (989) 912 insolvent surety and (989) . 912 in Boman Law (990) 913 in Boman-Dutch Law (990) 913 when pleadable (990) 913 doctrine as to (990) 913 See Surety; SuRBTYbUip. BENEFIT OP DIVISION. of co-principal debtors (739, 988) 614, 909 when deemed renounced by joint debtor (73i>) .... 614 between partners (926) 831 in cLctio mandati directa (966) 872 in actio mandati contraria (968) 877 history of (988) 907 when available (9tf8) 907 right of surety under (988) 907 solvency of sureties and (988) 907 burden of proof lor (988) 908 and nature of suretyship (986) 908 ( 16 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. BENEFIT OF DIVISION— continued. PAS» and mode of suretyship (988) 908 in unconditional suretyship (988) 90S various principal debtors and (988) 909 when not available (988) 909 and Senatuacon suit urn Velhianimi (988) * 909 major and minor sureties and (988) 909 and retffi^ti^io m 1 7i%rum (988 J 909 renunciation of (988) . . 909 tacit renunciation of (988) 909 indivisible debt and (988) 909 and obligation tn M>2u2um (988) . 910 and debt e/A; een voor a/ (988) 910 on payment by surety (988) 910 on failure of payment (988) . . 910 division pro raid (988) 911 See SuEBTY ; Sduktysuip. BENEFIT OP EXCUSSION. history of (984) . . 901 in Boman Law (984) 901 when pleadable (984) 902 how often pleadable (984) 902 when not available (984) 902 what is excussion imder (984) 902 in absence of principal (984) 90S mortgaged property and (984) 903 funds out of jurisdiction and (984) , 903 renunciation of (985) 903 how renounced (985) . . , 908 tacit renunciation of (985) 904 examples of renunciation of (985) 904 effect of renunciation of (985) 904 when ineffectual (986) 905 on natural obligation (986) 905 to surety preventing excussion (986) 905 absence disentitling to (986) .906 before Zt% con^to«u) (987) 906 See Surety; Sxjbbttship. BENEFITS. See Bbnefigia; Bisks anp Benefits. BILATERAL OONTBACT. defined (735) 508 classes of (735) 506 examples of (735) 508 BELL OF LADING. in name of ship-master (960) . 866 See Master of Ybssbl. ( 16 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. BOND. PAGE for Tinoertam amounts (999) 925 judgment on (1038) * . . 970 See Hypothboation ; Mobtoaok. BOEEOWER See MUTUUM. BOTTOMEY. a gaming contract (768) 564 defined (950) . 856 derivation of (950) . 856 by whom effected (950) 856 rights of parties to (950) 856 differs from 6y?-&rt>/ (9r»0) 856 bond in master's name (960) 866 BEEACH OP CONTEACrr. (1) the remedy by way of penaltj- (838—839) . 668—674 (2) the remedy by way of specific performance (840—841) . 674 — 678 (3) the remedy by way of damages (842) 678—684 See Damages ; Penalty ; Speoifio Pebformance. BEIBEET. See Unlawful Agreements. BSOKEE. defined (946) 851 differs from factor (94«) . 851 duties of (946) 851 delegation of authority by (946) 852 differs from auctioneer (946) 852 right of, to sue (946) 852 ** policy," rights of (946) 852 relations of, to principal (946) 852 concealment of agency by (946) 852 acting as factor (946) 852 when he binds principal (946) 852 evidence of contract by (946) 853 pledge by (946) 853 sale of shares by (946) 853 when entitled to commission (946) 854 contracting without licence (946) 854 incidental authority of (958) 864 See Agency ; Agent ; Commission. BUEDEN OP PEOOF. See Proof. BYL^BBfEF. defined (950) 856 differs from bottomry (950) 856 Sec Bottomry. ( n ) INDEX TO VOL. IF. C. OAPAcrrY. PAOB to reoeive payment (795) 584 in sale (852) 703 there must be, for sale (852) 706 OAPB COLONY. Ptoc June 19, 1714 : registration (999) 926 Froo. May 23, 1805 : legistration (999) 926 Broo. January 30, 1818: registration (999) 926 Pioc. May 9, 1823 : registration (999) 926 Ord. January 19, 1828 : registration (999) 926 OnL 104, 1833: vacant inheritance (832) 656 OnL 105, 1833: leave to mortgage (1003) 931 Ord. 6y 1843 : guarantee contrary to (762) 547 Ord. 6, 1843 : payment as undue preference (795). 584 Ord. 6, 1843 : purchase by insolvent (852) 707 Ord. 6, 1843 : period of reclamation (862, 1027) .... 726 Ord. 6, 1843 : partnership claim (930) 835 Ord. August 28, 1844 : r^;istration (999) 926 Ord. October 3, 1846: registration (999) 926 Act 15, 1856 : masters and servants (745) ..... 522 Act 20, 1856: set-o£F under (827) 642 Act 17, 1860 : patents (872) 739 Act 5, 1861: landlord's hypothec (1U07) 938 Act 5, 1861 : State contractors (1011) 943 Act 5, 1861: estates of auctioneers (1011) 944 Act 5, 1861 : municipal hypothec (1012) 945 Act 5, 1861 : hypothec of churches (1013) 945 Act 5, 1861 : minors and protutors (1014) 946 Act 5, 1861 : guardian under (1014) 947 Act 5, 1861 : hypothec of legatee (1016) 950 Act 5, 1861 : hypothec for wages (1019) 953 Act 5, 1861 : hypothec on house (1020) 955 Act 5, 1861 : hypothec on ships (1021). 955 Companies Act, 1861 : compromise (823) 634 Act 3, 1865 : registration (999). 926 Act 2, 1873: copyright (872) 739 Act 18, 1873 : masters and servants (745) 522 Act 22, 1877 : trade marks (872) 739 Act 8, 1879 : beneficial occupation (837) 665 Act 8, 1879 : laesio enormis (849, 854) .... 695, 714 Act 8, 1879 : annuities (851) 703 Act 8, 1879 : master and crew (905) 793 Act 8, 1879 : remisaion of rent (913) 815 Act 8, 1879 : insurance agent (947) 8JH Act 8, 1879 : bottomry bonds (950) 856 Act 8, 1879: average (1072) 1012 Act 28, 1883 : liquor licences (769) 555 ( 18 ) INDEX TO VOL. II, GAPE OOLONY—conWnticrf. See Mastbb of Ysssbl. OARBIEIL principles of liability of (lOfitJ) 1002 in Eoman Law (106;J) 1002 in Eoman-Dutch Law (1063) 1002 liability of, by contract (1063) 1002 issue of passenger's ticket by (106:t) 1003 limitationof liability by (106:5) 1003 negligence of (1063) 1004 in Natal (1063) 1003—1004 lex loci contractus a&ecting (lOeS) 1004 See Bailment; Iitnkeeper. CAUSA. in contracts (755) 537 reasonable cause (756) 538 Boman Law as to (755, 756) 537, 538 distinguished from consideration (757) 540 what is reasonable (757) 540 "measurement" of (757) 540 meaning of ** oorzaak " (757) 541 based on fraud (780) * . . 567 See CoNsmB&ATiON; Nudum Pactum. CESSION. mode of, of rights of action (870) T:M — 736 otparate execution (871) 737 of personal privileges (872) 738 defences on (873) 739 rules as to, of action (873) 740 rights of parties after.(875) 741 ( 19 ) INDEX TO VOL. n. CESSION— con<inti«rf. pagi notification of (875) 741 oompromise after (875) 742 withdrawal from (876) 742 to several persons (876) 743 proof of (877) 744 intention in case of (877) 744 ot quota litis (STJ) 745 of lease (901) 7s:j— 790 axid actio locati {911) 807 benefit of (989) 911 of mortgage (1036) 968 See Eights of Action. CESSION OF ACTIONS. upon payment (803) 597 how it takes place (803) 597 setoff after (828) 644 benefit of (989) 911 See Benefit of (Session; Cession; Paticert. CEYLON. notarial bonds in (999) 926 CHAMPERTY. an unlawful agreement (764) 549 Coke*8 definition (764) 549 purchase of qtwta litis (764) 550 CHAETERER See Master of Vessel. CHABTEB-PABTY. in name of ship-master (960) 866 See Master of Vessel. CHUECHEa tacit hypothec of (1013) 945 See Tacit Htpotheo. CIVIL OBLIGATIONS. See Obligations. COINAGE. in which miUuum is paid (1048) 984 .See MuTXn7AC CJOMMEBCIAL AGENCY. defined (946) 851 in Boman Law (946) 851 factor (946) 851 broker (946) 851 marine (949—951) Sd^—Sil See Agency; Agent; Broker; Commission; Factor; Master of Vessel; Principal. ( 20 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. COMMISSION. PAOB of factor (946) 851 del credere (94(j) 851 when agent entitled to (946) 854 by actio mandati contraria (968) 878 amount of, how fixed (968) 878 ordinary rule as to (968) 878 for illegal transaction (968) 878 on due performance (968) 878 See Agency; Aoutt; Bboeer; Factou; Principal. COMMODATUM. defined (1054) 992 differs from mutiiam (1054) 992 essentials of (1054) 992 right of bailee on (1054) 992 and precarinm (1054) 993 direct action on (1055) 993 mora in (1055) 994 contrary action on (1056) 995 lien for (1056) 995 See Actio Oommodati Contkaria; Actio Cohmodati Directa; Bailment. COMPENSATION. See Sbt-ofp. COMPETITION OF 0FFEB8. what it is (859) 718 See Addictio in Diem ; Sale. COMPROMISE. defined (819) 629 modeof making (819) 629 essentials of (81iO . 630 who may (820) 630 authority to make, implied (820) 630 as to immovables, by gtiardian (820) 631 by father, for minor (821) 631 subjects of (822) 632 after judgment (822) .632 prohibited (822) 632 as to matrimonial suit (822) 633 as to crime (822) 633 on nude promise (822) 633 effect of (823) 633 interpretation of (823) 634 by partner (823) 635 and sale of inheritance (866) 731 after cession of action (875) 742 by general agent (954) 860 ( 21 ) INDEX TO VOL. U. CONCUBINAGE. paob contracts favouring (767) 552 See UnLAWfUL Aobbements. CONDICTIO CAUSA DATA CAUSA NGN SEGUTA. what it is (1068) 1009 when it lies (1068) 1009 for what (1068) 1009 conditions of (1068) 1009 in whose favour (1068) 1009 decree of Court in (1068) 1010 CONDICTIO EX MUTUO, when it lies (1048) 983 claim in (1048) 983 See MUTUUM. CONDICTIO FURTIVA. what it is (1071) 1011 in whose favour (1071) 1011 against whom (1071) 1011 CONDICTIO INDEBITL based on mistake (772) 556 mistake of law and (773) 557 concurrent actio doli (782) 569 for what it is a remedy (1065) 1006 in Boman Law (1065) 1006 general rule as to recovery by (lOfi'O 1006 exceptions to general rule (1065) 1006 conditions of (1065) 1007 for, payment must be in error (1065) 1007 not for ignorance of law (1065) 1007 in whose favour (1065) 1007 against whom (1065) 1007 what it claims (1065) 1008 burden of proof in (1066) 1009 when barred (1066) 1009 renunciation of (1066) 1009 by married woman (1067) 1009 See Mistake. CONDICTIO OB TURPEM CAUSA M. when it lies (1070) 1011 for what (1070) 1011 CONDICTIO SINE CAUSA. to reclaim arrha (856) 715 when it lies (1069) 1010 epedalU or generalia (1069) 1010 for what (1069) 1010 ( 22 ) INDEX TO VOL, II. CONFLICT OP LAWS. paqb rate of interest (809) 508 CONFUSION. iSee Mbboeb. CONSENSUS. a requisite of sale (850) 606 general principles (852) 70S capacity for (852) 703 guardian buying from ward (852) 705 nature of, in sale (853) 707 must be free (853) , . , . ' 707 when, need not be free (853) 708 form of, for sale (853) 708 obstacles to, in sale (853) 708 See Acceptance; Offer. CONSIDEBATION. in English Law (754) 536  (755) 537 South African decisions as to (755) 537 reasonable cause and' (756, 757) . . • . . . . 538, 540 Eoman Law (755, 756) 537, 538 gratuitous promise (756) 538 when expressed (756) 539 forbearance as (756) 539 distinguished from cause (757) . ; 540 ** measurement" of cawae (757) 540 meaningof "oorzoaA:" (757) 541 contracts of beneficence (757) 541 rules as to (757) 541 See Cause; Nudum Pactum. • CONSIGNATION. when claims compete (796) 587 voluntary (832) 654 involuntary (832) 654 requisites of (832) 654 species of involuntary (832) 656 and sequestration (832) 656 differs from sequestration (1051) 988 5«c Sequestration; Tender,. CONSTITVTUM P08SESS0RIUM, and mutuum (1046) 982 See Vol. L C.L,— VOL. n. ( 23 ) 4 G INDEX TO VOL. II. CONTRACT. PAQB essentials of simple (732) 503 PoUocVs definition of (732) 504 natural and civil (733) 504 formal and formless (734) 506 distingxdshed from pact (734) 507 unilateral and bilateral (735) 508 nominate and innominate (736) 509 joint and several (737) 510 oral or written (741) 517 which requires registration (742) 519 attestation of (743) 520 evidence as to (744) 520 signature to (745) 522 the matter of (746) 524 essentials of (747— 753) 526 offer and acceptance in (748) 526 capacity of parties in (749) 528 artificial persons and (750) 530 privity of (751) 530 place of (752) 532 time in (753) 534 consideration in (754 — 758) 536 unlawful agreements (759 — 770) 544 when void (760) 544 when voidable (760) 544 mistake in (771— 776) 556—563 fraud in (777— 785a) 504—572 fear and undue influence in (786 — 791a) .... 573 — 580 discharge of (792) 581 performance of (792— 813) 581—617 fulfilment of agreement (792) 581 payment as discharge of (793— 804) .... 581—599 interest (805— 813) 599—617 non-performance (814) « 617 waiverand estoppel (814—815) 617—622 novation and delegation (816—818) 622—629 transaction (819— 823) 629—635 set-o£P (824— 830) 635—649 merger (831) 649—653 consignation (832) 653—658 acceptilation (833— 836) 658—662 impossibility (837) 662—667 breach of (838— 842) 668—684 penalty (838— 839) • 668—674 specific performance (840— 841 j 674—678 damages (841) 678-684 interpretation (843—844) 685—688 rescission of (845— 849) 689—696 ( 24 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. . CONTRACT— con<tnu€d. paqb purchase and sale (850 — 897) 697—778 letting and hiring (898— 916) 779—820 partnership (917— 938) 821—843 agency (939— 979) ' 844—893 bottomry (950) 856 suretyship (980—994) 894—920 hypothecation (995—1044) 921—978 bailment (1045—1063) 979—1004 mutuum (1046 — 1050) 981—987 deposit (1051—1053) 987—991 eommodatum (1054—1056) 992—995 pawn (1057) 995—996 withinnkeeper (1058—1061) 997—1002 with stablekeeper (1062) 1002 with carrier (1063) 1002—1004 donation as a (1083) 1020 CO-PBINCIPAL DEBTOE. definition (737) 510 liability of, how contracted (737) 511 requisites for liability of (738) 512 surety not liable as (738) 512 insolvency of (738) 513 creditor's election (739) 513 choice as to payment by (739) 513 excussion of (739) 514 division of claim against (739) 514 benefit of division of (739, 988) 514, 910 when all need not be sued (739) 514 e£fect of acceptilation upon (740) 515 effect of novation upon (740) 515 discharge of (740) 516 creditor succeeding to (740) 516 extinction of liability of (740) 516 rights of, on prescription (740) 516 effect of mora on (740) 516 effect of payment on (740) 516 cession of debt to (740) 517 on bill of exchange (740) 517 set-off by (828) 644 woman as (983) 897 COPYEIGHT. sale of (872) ^33 oases on (872) -^39 Cape Law (872) •^39 Natal Law (872) .739 Transvaal Law (872) 739 ( 25 ) 4^2' INDEX TO VOL. II. oosra PAd surety liable for (987) 907 GBEDITOB. on joint obligations (737) 510 succession to joint debtor (740) 516 definition of (795) 58S payment to, of own property (799) 590 See Payment. CEEW. theft by (905) 794 right of, to discharge (906) 795 right of, to leave vessel (906) . . .795 forfeiture of wages by (906) 795 Natal Law (906) 795 State interference with work of (912) 813 See Masteb of Vbssbl. CRTAfE. contracts based on (761) 545 compromise as to (822) 633 and partnership (922) 825 CEOWN. liabiUty of, for tort (973) 887 CULPA LATA. risk of, on sale (879) 747 in bailment (1045) 980 of depositary (1052) 990 of innkeeper (1060) 999 of negotiorum gestor (1081) 1018 CULPA LEVIS. risk of, on sale (879) 747 of partner (923) . . . . • 828 in bailment (1045) 960 CULPA LEVISSIMA. lisk of, on sale (879) 747 lessee not liable for (915) 818 and actio mandati directa (965) 873 in bailment (1045) ^0 in actio commodati directa (1055) 994 of innkeeper (1059) 998 CU RATIO FUNERIS. a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1005 CURATOE. payment to (795) 585 novation by (817) 626 ( 26 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. CURATOR AD LITEM. p^^^ delegation of authority by (M4) 850 DAMAGEa difference between, and interest (806) OOO tender in action  of actual (842) * . . . ! 679 on sale of shares (842) . 679 on sale of land (842) . . . . .679 in absence of fraud (842) 679 gross negligence and (842) 680 consequential (842) 680 contemplation of (842) . . ! 680 rule of Hadley vs.  ! 682 on dishonour of bill (842) . \ ^82 in case of resale (863) 727 mlocaiiooperiBfaciendi{Wl) 797—799 for failure to repair (908) 300 to lessee, on ejectment (909) 802 lease of res aliena and (909) . 304 sale of leased property (909) 305 notice to quit (912) .808 wrongful dismissal (912) 308 injury to leased property (915) .818 from Registrar of Deeds (999) 927 in actio depositi directa (1052) 99O in actfo depositi cojUrarta (1053) 99I in actio commodati directa (1055) 994 in actio cominodati contraria (1056) 995 against innkeeper (1061) 1001 See Sale ; Lbase. DATIO OB TURPEM CAUSAM. a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) IOO6 DATIO SINE CAUSA a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1005 See CoNDiCTio Sdhb Oausa. DEATH. e£foct of, on partnership (934) 333 terminates agency (975) 339 of agent (978) 892 of principal (978) 392 ( 27 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. DEBT. PAOl subject to set-off (826) 688 sold with mheritanoe (866) 730 See Payment; Sbt-off» DE DUOBUS VEL PLURIBUS BEI8 DEBEXDI. when all debtors must be sued (739) 514 and merger (831) 651 See Bekefits. DEEDS EEGISTEY. record of mortgages at (1033) 966 hours of filing deeds at (1033) 966 general mortgages at (1033) 967 See Hypothbcation ; Mobtoaoe. DE EO QUOD CERTO LOCO. the action (752) 532 when it lies (752) 532 DEFENCR based on nudum pcKium (758) ....... 542 to actio quod mettts cauad (789) 578 of ratification (967) 875 DEL CREDERE. See Commission; Faotob. DELEGATION. defined (818) 628 how governed (818) 628 when conditional (818) 628 effect of (818) 628 burden of proving (818) 629 \j procurator ad liUm i^A^) 850 by curaUyr ad litem (944) 850 by factor (946) 852 by broker (946) 852 of debtor by surety (993) 916 See Novation. DELIVEEY. pledge without (999) 925 See Vol. I. DEPOSIT. defined (1051) 987 in Homan Law (1051) 987 of money, is mu<uum( 1051) 987 distingiushed from tnt^tmm (1051) 987 for whose benefit made (1051) 987 subjects of (1051) 987 ( 28 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. DEPOSIT— con<tnM«f. paob classes of (1051) 988 sequestration, a form of (1051) 988 actions of (1052) 988 actio depoHH direda on (1052) 988 duty of depositary (1052) 989 of common property (1052) 989 lien of depositary (1052) 991 actio depositi coiitraria on (1053) ...... 991 See Actio Depositi Contrakia; Actio Depositi Dibecta; Baiucent. DEPOSITUM. See Deposit. ** DIFFEBENCES." See Gaming Contract (768) 554 DILIGENCE. in execution of agency (962) 868 degree of» in bailment (1045) 980 in deposit (1052) 990 in commodatum (1055) 994 oi negotiorum ge$tar {lOSl) 1018 DISCHARGE. of one co-principal debtor (740) 516 DISCHABGE OF CONTRACT. A. Performance (792—813) 581—617 (1) Fulfilment of agreement (792) 581 (2) Payment (793—804) 581—599 (3) Interest (805—813) 599—617 B. Non-Performance (814— 837) 617—667 (1) Waiver and estoppel (814—815) 617—622 (2) Novation and delegation (816—818) .... 622—629 (3) Transaction or compromise (819—823) .... 629—635 (4) Compensation or set-off (824—830) .... 635—649 (5) Confusion or merger (831) 619—653 (6) Consignation or tender (832) 653—658 (7) Acceptilation or release (833—836) .... 658—662 (8) Impossibility (837) 662-667 DIVISION. See Benefit of Division. DOLUS. bonne and malus (777) 564 honue defined (777) 564 7na/i« defined (777) 564 77taZu«, and damages (912) 810 in actio depoeiti directa {\0o2) 990 ( 29 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. DOLUS^continiusd. paok of innkeeper (1060) 999 of negoiioram gestar (lOSl) .... .... 1018 See Fraud. DOMICILE. of partnership (931) 835 DONATIO INTER VIVOS. differs from gift mortis cauad (1083) 1021 acceptance of (1087) 1024 registration of (1088) 1027 revocation of (1090) 1028 burdened with /c2et'comYnfMum (1090a) 1031 presumption as to (1092) 1032 See Donation. DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA. distinguished from gift inter vivos (1083) 1021 defined (1091) • . . . 1031 its position (1091) 1031 reference to death in (1091) 1031 requisites of (1091) 1032 conditions of (1092) 1032 species of, in Boman Law (1093) 1032 i-esembles legacy (1094) 1033 and gttorto i'a/cfdia (1094) 1033 andytt«accre«cc7Mi»(1094) 1033 how revoked (1095) 1034 death of parties to (1095) 1034 Jideicommiseum of (1095) 1034 See Donation. DONATION. to concubine (767) 552 defined (1083) 1020 in Eoman law (1083) 1020 propria and impropria (1083) 1020 propria defined (1083) 1020 impropria defined (1083) 1020 remuneratoria defined (1083) 1020 mortis causd (1083) 1021 inter vivos (1083) . . . . : 1021 presumption against (1084) 1021 payment as (1084) 1021 when presumed (1084) 1022 for illicit intercourse (1084) 1022 who may make a (1085) 1022 of father to son (1085) 1022 to minors (1085) 1022 conditional (1085) 1023 ( 30 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. DONATION— <JOH<int(«(i. page subjects of (1086) 1023 right of revocation of (1086) 1024 acceptance of (1087) 1024 to absentee (1087) 1024 evidence of acceptance of (1087) 1024 and/tw accrescendi (1087) 1026 registration of (1088) 1027 effect of (1089) 1028 causes for revoking (1090) 1028 when irrevocable (1090) 1028 querela inojfficioMe donationU (1090) 1030 DOWEY. tacit hypothec for (1015) 947 what hypothec of, includes (1015) 947 preference for (1015) 948 hypothec for, descendible (1015) 948 hypothec for, in Transvaal (1015) 948 DRUNKENNESS. debts incurred in (769) 555 in case of sale (853) 708 principles of law as to (853) 709 rules as to sale in (853) 710 repudiation of sale in (853) 713 DUEESS. in salvage cases (791a) 580 See Feab. E. EJECTMENT. when it takes pkce (909) 802 lessee's remedy on (909) 802 failure of remedy on (909) 802 when lawful (909) 802 on owner requiring property (909) 802 necessary repair and (909) 802 non-payment of two years' rent and (909) 802 lease exceeding usufruct and (909) 802 jus postliminii and {909) 802 must be judicial (910) 805 when private (910) 805 notice must be given (910) 805 See Lease; Lessee; Lessob; Lbtiing axd IIiniNO ; Rent. ENGLISH LAW. contracts in writing (741) 518 Sale of Gbods Act, 1893 (741) 518 privity of contract (751) 531 ( 31 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. ENGLISH UlW— continued, page consideration in, defined (754) 536 distinctions as to mistake (772) 557 fraudulent inducement (777) 565 omission by fraud, proof of (783) 570 mode of payment (796) 587 Act 22 & 23 Vict c. 35 (796) 587 appropriation of payments (802) 595 waiver (814) 618 estoppel (815) 620 impossibility (837) 662 specific performance (840) 675 sale in, defined (850) 697 completion of sale (850) 698 persons noii compo$ mentis in (853) 709 caveat emptor (888) 762 wrongful dismissal (912) 809 dissolution of partnership (938) 842 interpretation of authority (954) 859 agent's warranty of authority (969) 881 negligence of agent (970) 883 Crown liability for tort (973) 888 implied contracts (1064) 1004 EREOR. See Mistake. ESSENTIALS OP CONTRACT. agreement is an (747) 526 agreement defined (748) 526 persons of parties (749) 528 capacity to contract (749) 528 privity (751) 580 place (752) 532 time (753) 534 ESTOPPEIa its place inlaw (815) 620 defined (815) 620 converse of waiver (815) 621 See Waiver. EVIDENCE. oral and written contracts (744) 520 for actio doli (783) 570 of fraudulent omission (783) 570 actio qxwd metus causa (790) 579 bought and sold notes (946) 853 enlargement of agent's authority (955) 861 of suretyship (980) 894 acceptanceof donation (1087) 1024 See Interpretation of Coktraci' ; Presumpiiox ; Proof. ( 32 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. EXCEPTIO NON NUMERATAE PECUNIAE, page time of pleading (804) 599 nature of (1048) 985 to whom available (1048) 985 when privileged (1018) 985 how privileged (1048) 985 mode of pleading (1048) 985 prescription of (1049) 985 mu8prohandi\xi{\(^9) 986 renunciation of (1050) 986 in Boman Law (1050) 987 See MuTUUM. EXCUSSION. of mortgaged property (1025) 959 See Benefit of ExcusaiON. EXECUTION. upon mortgaged property (1040) 972 EXECUTOR. valid payment to (796) 587 and sale of inheritance (869) 734 See Heib. EXERCITOR. defined (949) 855 and master (949) 855 authority given by (949) 855 See Agency ; Agent. EX yUDO PACTO NON ORITUR ACTIO. English Law of consideration (754) 536 Roman Law (755, 756) 537, 538 Roman-Dutch Law (757) 540 P. FACT, MISTAKE OF. species of (774) 560 burden of proof (774) 560 when reasonable (774) 560 condictio indehiti for (774) 560 want of amseiuuB and (775) 560 See CoNDiono Indebiti; Mistake. FACTOR. and imtitw (946) 851 defined (946) 851 commission of (946) 851 dd credere {U%) 851 differs from broker (946) 851 ( 33 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. FACIOBr-cotUxnued. PACT dutieB of (946) 851 lien of (946) 852 delegation of authority by (946) 852 acting as broker (946) 852 insolvency of (946) 858 incidental authority of (958) 864 contract by, in own name (960) 866 tacit hypothec of (1024) 958 right of retention (1024) 958 See Aqis(cy; Agent; Bbokeb; CoimissioN. PEAR effect of, in contract (786) 573 restitutio in integrum for (786) 574 Voet's definition (787) 574 what it includes (787) * . . . 574 views of Grotius (787) 574 distinguished from fraud (787) 574 views of Pothier (787) 575 degree of (787) 575 actio quod metus caued (788) 576 exceptions to general rule as to (789) 578 burden of proof (790) 579 in case of sale (853) 708 See Actio Quod Metus Causa. FIDEICOMMISSAEY HEIR tacit hypothec of (1016) 949 to what hypothec of, extends (1016) 949 when entitled to hypothec (1016) 949 FIDEICOMMISSUM. agreements disposing of (763) 548 compromise as to (821) 631 sale of (851) 700 rights on sale of (868) 733 hypothec over (1016) 949 mixture of heir's property (1016) 950 donatio inter vivos and (1090a) 1031 by List will (1090a) 1031 donatio mortis causd and (1095) 1034 FIDUCIAEY HEIE. compromise by (821) 631 FISCCS. defined (1011) 942 See State; Tbeasubt. FORMAL CONTBAOI. distinguished from formless contract (734) 506 ( 34 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. FORMLESS CONTBAOT. PAOK See Nudum Pacttum. FRAUD. contracts based upon (761) 545 as affecting contracts (777) 564 l^;al definition (777) 564 divisions of, in Roman Law (777) 564 dolus bonus and dolus malus (777) 564 question of intention in (777) 564 modes of, in statement (778) 565 machinatio in (778) 565 effect of misrepresentation (778) 565 claim on proof of (779) 566 right of party affected by (779) 566 in contract honaefidei (780) 566 in contract stricti Juris (780) 566 when cause of contract (780) 567 when incidental to contract (780) 567 right of vindication for (780) 567 civil remedy for (781) 568 actio doli on (781— 785a) 568—572 when pleadable (783) 570 rescission of agreement for (784) 571 prescription of action on (785) 571 must be specially pleaded (785a) 572 distinguished from fear (787) 574 gross negligence and (842) 680 incaseof sale (851, 853) 701,708 vendor's risk in case of (879) 747 by agent, in substitution (963) 870 in mortgage (1003) 932 See Actio Doli. FREIGHT. right of master to (905) 794 reduction of (905) 794 See Master of Vessel. FRUCTUS mortgagee's right to (997) 922 FRUITS. sale of (851) 698 «2>Mof(851) 699 FULFILMENT OF AGREEMENT. discharges from liability (792) 581 FUNERAL EXPENSES. tacit hypothec and preference for (1018) 952 order of preference for (1029) 964 See Tacit Hypothec. ( 35 ) INDEX TO VOL. IL FUNGIBLES. page appropriation of, on sale (878) 747 risks on sale of (879) 747 BoH per aversionem {Sid) 747 sold subject to test (879) 748 method of testing (879) 748 general rules as to sale of (879) 749 FURTUM USU8. in Eoman Law (1054) 993 in Boman-Dutch Law (1054) 993 a GAMBLING. See Gamikq Contbact. GAMING CONTEACT. unlawful (768) 553 policy of the law (768) 553 wager (768) 553 locus poenitentiae in (768) 553 position of stakeholder in (768) 553 when lawful (768) 554 insurance as a (768) 554 bottomry as a (768) 554 sale of " differences " (768) 554 GENERAL AGENT. right of, to alienate property (954) 859 right of, to compromise (954) 860 with free administration (954) 860 principal how bound by (959) 865 See AoENOT ; Agent. GENERAL MORTGAGE. defined (997) 922 what it includes (998) 923 registration of (999) 924 claim on (1000) 928 follows later tacit hypothec (1029) 964 follows special hypothec (1030) 965 must be registered (1030) 965 See MoBTOAQB ; Special Mobtgaoe. GIFT. See Donation. GUARANTEE. what is a (994) 920 See Suretyship. ( 36 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. GUAEDIAN. PAGE payment to (793) 585 novation by (817) 626 compromise by (821) ^x • • • ^31 set-off by (828) 643 purchaser by, from ward (852) 705 tacit hypothec against (1014) 946 See Minor. H. HAEREDITATIS ADITIO. a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1005 HAEREDITATIS ADMINISTRATIO. a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1005 HEIB. set-off against (829) 646 rights of, on resale (863) 727 sale of inheritance by (866) 730 mixture of property of (1016) 950 and separatio bofiorum (1016) 950 and condictio ex mutuo (1048) 983 and actio deposiii directa (1052) 988 HIRE-PUBCHASE. See Landlord's Lien. HOUSE. loan to repair (1020) 953 tacit hypothec on (1020) 954 Oape Law as to lien on (1020) 955 Transyaal Law as to lien on (1020) 955 HUSBAND. payment to (795) 584 compromise by, for wife (821) 631 set-off against (829) 648 See Wife. HUUR GAAT VOOR KOOP. history of rule (910) 806 lessee vacating property (913) 814 exception to the rule (913) % 817 See Lease ; LEiriNa and HnuNO. HYPOTHECATION. the contract (995) 921 its legal position (995) 921 yti«pfjrtiorM defined (996) 921 divisions of (996) 921 pledge defined (996) 921 ( 37 ) IXDEX TO VOL. II. HYPOTHECATION— co»/tVit«<?d. page mortgage defined (996) 921 distinction of species of (996) 922 diyisions of mortgage (997) 922 registration of (999) . .924 of debts (1001) 928 to third party (1002) 928 to what accessory (1002) 928 in security of debt (1002) 928 special covenants in (1002) 929 covenant for interest in (1002) 929 taking over by creditor (1002) 929 with prohn>ition of sale (1002) 930 pactum antichre$eos in (1002) 930 lex commt'sBoria in (1002) 930 leave of Court for (1008) 931 subjects of (1004) 932 of rights of action (1004) 932 of deed of sale (100^) 932 of title-deeds (1004) 932 of pledge (1004) 932 of usufruct (1004) 932 of praedial servitude (1004) 932 ot res UtigioM (l(m) 932 of goods in execution (1004) 932 of ward's property (1004) 933 of joint property (1004) 933 of r€$ alie^m (1004) 933 by agent (1004) 934 by State administrator (1004) 934 by operation of law (1005) 934 tacit (1006— 1024) 934—958 rights of mortgagee (1025) 958 mortgagee's general rights (1025) 958 order of preference (1026) 960 distribution (1027— 1031) 961—965 rules relating to preference (1032) 965 preference of conditional (1034) 967 procedure (1036— 1041) 968—973 cession of mortgages (1036) 968 claim for judgment on (1037—1041) 969—973 right to sell subject of (1037) .... ... 969 debt on, in instalments (1037) 969 sale of mortgaged property (1038—1041) .... 969—973 rights of mortgagor or pledgor (1042) 973 actio pignoratitia (1042) 973 termination of (1043) 975 discharge of debt under (1043) 975 remission of (1043) 975 ( 38 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. HYPOTHECATION— con^rnwo^. PAGE conditions of disobarge of (1043) 975 cancellation of mortgage (1044) 977 conditions for cancellation (1044) 978 cases on cancellation (1044) 978 See Htpotheo; Jus BBTBNXioiris; Lien; Mobtoaoe; Pl2DGS; TaOIT HTPOTHEa HYPOTHECS. 