None
Abel F. A. 649 Abendroth*& Boot Mfe. Co., 197, 198 American Screw Co., 809 Achard, Arthur, 886, 919 Addy, George, 967 Addyston Pipe and Steel Co., 187, 188 Alden, Q. I., 979 Alexander, J. S., 629 Allen, Kenneth, 995 Allen, Leicester, 668 Andrews, Thomas, S84 A.n8onia Brass and Copper Co., 887 Arnold, Horace L., 959 Ashcroft Mfg. Co., 75^, 776 Atkinson, J. J., 533 Babcock, G. H., 684, 988 Babcock & Wilcox Co., 538, 686 Baermann, P. H., 188 Bagstiaw, Walter, 952 Bailey, W. H., 948 Baker, Sir Benjamin, 889, 847, 408 Balch, 8. W., 898 Baldwin, Wm. J., 641 Ball, Frank H., 751 Barlow, W. H., 884 Barlow, Prof., 888 Bamaby, 8. W., 1018 Barnes, D. L.. 681. 861, 868 Barrus, Qeo. H., 636 Bauer. Chas. A., 807 Bauscninger, Prof., 238 Bazin, M., 563, 587 Beardslee, L. A.. 838, 871 Beaumont, W. W., 979 Becuel, L. A., 644 Begtrup, J., 848 Bennett, P. D.,8S4 Bernard, H. & B., 880 Birkinbine, John, 606 BJorling, P., 676 Blaine,lt. G.. 616. 1068 Blauvelt, W. H., 080, 648 Blechynden, A.. 1016 Bodmer, G. R., 753 Bolland^impson, 040 Booth, Wm. H., 020 Box, Thomas, 470 Briggs, Robert, 194, 478, 540, 672 British Board of Trade, 864, 866, 700 Brown, A. G., 988, TH Brown. B. H., 888 Brown & Sharpe Ml^. Co., 819, 890 BrowncyBoss BL, 597 Brush, Obaa. B.i "' BuektaiW^BIl Buel, Richard H« 606, 634 Buffalo Forge Co., 519, 529 Builders* Iron Foundry, 874 Burr. Wm. A., 565 Burr, Wm. H.,847, 859, 290, 881 Calvert, F. Crace, 886 Calvert & Johnson, 469 Campbell, H. H., 898. 459, 650 Campredon, Louis, 403 Carnegie Steel Co., 177, 272, 277, 301 Carpenter, R. C, 454, 615, 718, etc. Cliadwick Lead Works, 201, 615 Chamberlain, P. M., 474 Cbance. H. M., 631 Chandler, Chas. F.. 552 ChHpman Valve Mfg. Co., 198 Chauvenet, 8. H., 870 Chase. Chas. P., 818 Chevandier, Eugene, 640 Christie, James, 394 Cliuroh, Irving P., 416 Church, Wm. Lee. 784. lOBO Clapp, Geo. H., 807, 408, 661 Clark, Daniel Kiunear, Tariout Clarke, Ed v#in, 740 Claudel, 465 Clay, F.W., 291 Clerk, Dugald, 847 Cloud, John W., 861 Codman, J. E., 198 Coffey, B H., 810 CofQn, Freeman C, 808 Coggswell, W. B., 654 Cole, Romaine C, 329 Coleman, J. J., 470 Cooper, John H., 876, 900 Cooper, Theodore, 262, S68, Cotteiill and Blade, 432, 974 Cowles, Eugene H., 329, 831 Cox, A. J., 290 Cox, E. T., 629 Cox, William, 675 Coxe, Eckley B., 688 Craddock, Thomas, 478 Cramp, E. 8., 405 Crimp, Santo, 564 Crocker, F. B., 1070 Cummins, Wm. Russell, 798 Daelen, R. M., 617 Dagger, John H. J., 888 Daniel, Wm., 498 D'Arcy, 563 Davenport, R. W.,8W Day. R E^, 1080 Dean. F W., 60^ 688 1089 List OF AUTHOBlTUa Deccsur. P., SDO DtDton, Janiea'E , ?»>, 7S1, TBI, UN DiriBmorK, B. K..963 Dii, WHlterS.. S08. Dodge MsnufHCtiiridg Ca^ 344 Dousid, J. T..«S3 Dnnkin, B.. Jr.. 4BI. 78S Dudler. Chss. B.. Sli, 3S3 budlej, P. H., 4ai,iU£ Dudley, W. D., lOT libar, J. H,. TBS nnd, ProC, SB eleh&uvrrB-Derj', M9 lestoD. Thomaa, ESS, «I leiT. Chw. K, eoa. flia, 830 Kflhnrdi, F. E^ 4CS rHnndHanlBna, 077 ITaire and SUbermtuin, 0! Oanguniet ft Kutter, ESB GanCt. H. L , 4M Ganisoii, F. L., BM, SSI, 40 Ui>riinUachineOo.,M Qouee. FT, 600 Oay, Paullji, «eS Qlll, J.P,«ST OUmore, fe, ?., »1 U'anJier, 48S OlB«gow, A. G., DM Go-HfmHD, Jobn.e34 Gordon, F. W„ ese. 740 Qray, J. UcFarlaca, td Qn/tg and Bytli, Ml BBdfle1d.R A_m4«l Halpiii. Bruitl. 7S9, 854 Halser. FmJ'k A., «0, 817 HarbueBS, Wm., WD HftiTlBon, W. B., »3» Eanlg, J., KI HartmBD, John U., S64 Hartnell, Wilson, B48, S18. 88 Hasson, W, F. C, 104T Hawksley, T., 4S6, 513, B84 Eaien, ft. Allen, 4M HendnrEOD, Q. R., tO, SU Henthorn, J.T.. MS HerlDK, Carl, 1045 Henche], Clemens, SSt Hewitt, G. a, 880 Hewitt, Wm.. fiI7 Hllden brand, Wm., SU Hill, John W.. 17 Hr8eox,G. D.,M8 Hoadley, Jobn C, 491, SBS Holley, Aleiaoder L., SIT Honry, F. R.. 47, K Hoopes * Townaend, Sid Hoiuton'ft Kennelfy, 1018 Howanl,JamesE;.,^S83,S HovdeD, JaiiieB,7l4 Howe, B«nTT M., 40!. 407. 4GI Howe, UalTerd A.. 170, S18 Bowland, A. H., SK HudsoD, John G., 4tlfi HuRbeB, D. E., 896 .Millard. S. _uDt, Allied E., £«>. s: Hunt, Cbag. V., 840, »; ■ood,BeiiJ. F.,4« JaoobiiB, t>, B., D11. «S(>, TM, TSt) Johnson, J. B^ 809, 814 Johnaon, W. B., 47fi Jobnsou, W. B^no JoDH. Horace K.,S8T Jones & LamBon Uacliin^ Oa., 054 JoHH & Laughlins, S67, Stt Seep, W. J., Mi. WI KenDedy, A. B. W„ OS, 6», 7M Eeruot, Prof. 4M Kerr. Walter a, 781 Kiersled, W.. MS ElmbalL J. P., (98, Wt, CS7 Biiwlr.J.H.,M LIST OF AUTHORITIES. 1091 Kirk, A. C, 9(0 Kirk, Dr., 1004 Kirkaldy, DaWd, 296 Kopp, H. G. 0.» 479 KuI^linpT, £., 578 Kutter, 660 Landretb, O. H., 713 Langley, J. W., 409, 410, 419 Lanza, Qaetano, 810, 869, 884, 987 La Rue, BerrJ. F., 248 Leavitt, B. D., 788 Le Chatelier, M., 4S8 Le Cont«, J., 665 l^edouz. M., 961 Leonard, H. Ward, 1037 Leonard, S. H., 686 Lewis, Fred. H., 186, 189, 370 Lewis, L N., 496 Lewis, Wilfred, 852, 862, 878, 890 Linde, G., 989 Lindentbai, Gustav, 886 Lloyd's Register, 264, 266, 700 Loss, H. v., 806 Love, E. G., 666 LoveU, T. D., 286 Lyne, Lewis F., 718 McBrlde, James, 074 MacCord, C. W., 898 Macdonald, W. R, 956 Macgovern, E. £., 545 Mackay, W. M., 642, 644 Maliler, M., 683 Main, Chas. T., 590, 780, 790 Mannesinann, L., 832 Manning, Chas. H., 675, 888 Marks, Wtn. D., 793, 811 Master Car Builders* Assoc., 830 Mattes, W. F., 899 Matthiessen, 1029 Mayer, Alfred M., 468 Mehrtens, G. G., 896, 405 Meier, S. D., 688 Melssner, O. A., 870 Melville, Geo. W^ 674 Mendennall, T. O., 8S Merriman, MansAeld, 241, 960, Metcalf, WilUaui, 240, 412 Meyer, J. G. A., 795, 856 Meystre, F. J.. 472 Miller, Metcalf & Parkin, 419 Miller, T. Spencer, 344, 927 Mitchell, A. E., 865, 856 Molesworth, Sir G. L., 562, 606 Molyneux and Wood, 786 Moore, Gideon E., 658 Morin, 485, 980, 988 Morison, Geo. 8., 881, 898 MorrelTr. T., 407 Morris, Tasker & Co., 198, 198 Muroford, E. R., 1005 Murgue, Daniel, 691 llagle, A. F., 299, 606, 878 Napier, 471, 669 Nason Mfg. Co., 478. 649 (National Pipe Beodteg OOn W Nau, J. B., 867,400 Newberrvr, J. 8., 624 Newcomb, Simon, 488 New Jersey Steel & Iron Co., 958, 81t Newton, Sir Isaac, 476 Nichol, B C, 473 Nichols, 1^5 Norrls, R. Van A , 681 Norwalk Iron Works Op., 488. 604 Nystrom, John W., 265 Ordway, Prof., 470 Paret, T. Dunkin, 967 Parker, W., 854 Parsons, H. de B., 861 Passburg, Emil, 466 Pattinson, John, 629 Peclet, M., 471, 478, 781 Pelton Water Wheel Co., 191, 674, 685 Pence WT. D. 294 Peiicoyd iroii Works, 179, 282, 868 Pennell, Ai-thnr, 655 Pennsylvania R. R. Co.. 807, 875, 899 Philadelphia Engineering Works, 620 PhUbrick, P. H , 446 Phillips, W. B., 629 Phoenix Bridge Co.. 263 Phoenix Iron Co., l8l, 207 Pierce, C. WeBl. Thomas t., M9 Westinghouse X GaltOD, 918 WeBtinKhouse El. & Titg. Co., 1041 Weston, Edward, lOS Whitbam. Jay M., 47!, W, 7SS, BIC Whitney, A J., S89 Wlllett. J. R„ MS, 640 Williamson, Prof., S8 WIlBon, Hobert, Wl Woloott. r. P., 949 WoJH. Airrr-* " "" Woem, Db 1 Wood. H A Wood, M. P., SS8. S» Woodlury, C J. H., Wrlftbt.'c.R Aider, Wrigbl^ A. W.,S89 ■'•« INDEX. abb- alt A.bbreviation8, 1 /Lbscissas, 69 A-brasion of manganeae ste^l, 407 A.brasive proceBses, 065-067 A.bsolute temperature* 461 zero, 461 Absoiption of sases, 480 of water by brick, 312 refrigerating-ihaGhines, 984 Accelerated motion, 427 Acceleration, definition of, 423 force of, 427 work of, 430 Accumulators, electric, 1045-1048 Adiabatic compression of air, 400 curve, 742 expansion of air, 501 expansion in compressed air- eng^ines, 501a expansion of £(team« 742 Adiabatically compressed aif « mean eff^tiV6 pressures, table, 5016 Admiralty metal, composition of, 325 Admittance of alternating cur- rents, 1063 Aiken intensifier, 619 Air, 481-527 and vapor mixture, weight of, 484 binds in pii>es, 570 carbonic acid allowable in, 520 compressed, 408-511 (««« Com- pressed air) compressors, e£Feot of intake temperatures, 506 compressors, high altitude, table of, 503 compressors, tables, 603-605 cooling of, 531 density and pressure, 481, 482 flow of, in pipes, 485, 480 flow of, in vetitilating ducts, 530 flow of through orifices, 484, 518 friction of, in Underground pas- sa^s, 531 head of, due to temperature dif- ferences, 533 heatiUg of, by compression, 498 horse-power required to com- press, 501 loss of pressure of in pipes, 487; tables, 488-400 manometer, 481 properties of , 481 pump for condenser, 841 Air, specific heat of, 458, 484 lift pump, 614 pyrometer, 453 tnefr^ometer, 454 velocity of, in pipes, by anemom- eter, 401 volumes, densities, and pressures (table). 481 volume transmitted in pipes, 864 weight of, 165, 481; table, 484 Alcohol, compressibility of, 164 Alden absorption dsoiamometer, 070 Algebra, 33-36 Algebraic symbols, 1 Alligation, 10 Alloys, 310-338 aluminum, 328 aluminum, tests of, 330 aluminum^antimony, 331 aluminum -copper, 320 aluminum -copper-tin, 330 aluminum-sdlicon-iron, 330 aluminum -tin, 330 aluminum '•tungsten, 330 aluminum -zinc, 330 antimony, 336 bearing metal, 333 bismuth, 333 caution as to strength of, 320 composition of, in brass foundries, 325 composition by mixture and by analysis, 323 copper-manganese, 331 copper-tin, 310, 320 copper-tin -lead, 326 copper-tin-zinc, 322, 325 copper-zinc, 321 copper-^lnc-iron, 326 fusible, 333 Japanese, 326 liquation of metftls in, 323 nickel J 332 variation in strength of, 323 white metal, 336 "Alloy" steels. 407-410 Alternating currents, 1061-1078 admittance, 1063 average, maximum, and eflfective, values, 1061 , calculation of circuits, 1072 capacity, 1062 capacity of conductors, 1067 converters, 1071 delta connection, 1060 1093 1094 Alt-bal INDEX. Alternating ourrenta, frequency, 1061 ^neratora for, 1070 impedance, 1063 impedance polygons, 1064-1066 inductance, 1062 induction motor, 1072, 1077 measurement of power in poly- phase circuits, 1069 Ohm's law applied to, 1064 power factor, 1062 reactance. 1063 single and polyphase, 1068 skin effect, 1063 synchronous motors, 1071, 1076 transformers, 1070 Y connection, 1069 Altitude by barometer, 483 Aluminum. 167. 317 alloys, 319, 328 (see Alloys) alloys, tests of. 330 brass, 329' bronze, 328 bronze wire, 225 electrical conductivity of 1028 solder. 319 steel, 409 strengfth of. 318 wire, 225 American base-boi^^system, 182 Ammonia-absorption refrigerating- machine. 984, 987 ; test of, 997 Ammonia-compression refrigerating- machines, 983, 986; test of, 999 Ammonia ^pas. properties of, 992 Ammonia liquid, density of, 992 specific heat of, 992 Ampere. 1024 Analvses, asbestos, 235 of boiler scale. 5.52 of boiler water. 553, 554 of cast iron, 371-374 of coals, 624-632 of coal, sampling for, 632 crucible steel, 411 fire-clay, 234 gas, 651 gases of combustion, 622 magnesite, 235 Analytical geometry. 69-71 Anchor forgings, strength of, 297 Anemometer, 491 Angle, economical, of framed struc- tures. 447 of repose of building material. 929 Angles, Carnegie bulb, properties of, table. 278 Carnegie steel, properties of, table. 279a Pencoyd steel, weights and sizes, 179 trigonometrical properties of, 66 plotting without protractor, 52 problems in, 37, 38 Angular velocity, 425 Animal power 433-435 Annealing, effect on conductivity, 1029 effect on steel, 392. 412 influence of on magnetic capac- ity of steel. 396 non-oxidizing process of, 389 of steel, 394, 413 of steel forgings, 396 of structural steel, 394 Annuities, 15-17 Annular gearing, 898 Anthracite, classification of, 62^ composition of, 624 sizes of, 632 space occupied by. 625 Anthracite-gas, 647 Anti-friction curve, 50, 939 metals, 932 Antimony, properties of. 167 in alloys, 331. 336 Apothecaries' measure and weight, 18. 19 Arc, circular, 57 circular, Huyghen's approxima- tion of len^h of, 58; table, 114 circular, relations of. 58 Arc-lights, electric. 1041 Arches, corrugated . 181 flooring, 281 tie-rods for, 281 Area of circles 1-1000, table, 103- 107 of circles ^100. table advanc- mg by i. 108-112 of geometrical solids. 61-63 of geometrical plane figures, 64-60 of irregular figures. 55, 56 of sphere. 61 of sphere, table, 118 Arithmetic, 2-32 Arithmetical progression, 11 Armature-circuit, e.m.f. of, 1056 Armature, torque of, 1056 Asbestos, 235 Asphaltum coating for iron. 387 Asses, work of, 435 Asymptotes of hyperbola. 71 Atmosphere, equivalent pressures of, 27 pressure of , 481. 482 moisture in 483 Atomic weights (table) 163 Authorities, list of, 1089 Avogadro's law of gases. 479 Avoirdupois weight, 19 Axles, railroad, effect of cold 384 steel, specifications for. 397 steel, strength of. 299 Automatic cut-off engines 753 Babbitt metal. 336, 337 Babcock & Wilcox boilers, teats with various coals. 636 Bagasse as fuel, 643 Biuances, to weigh on inoorreGt, 10 Ball-bearings. 940 Balls, hoUow copper, 289 IK^DEX. ban-boi 1095 Bands and belts, theory of. 876 for carrying grain, 912d Bars, eye, tests of, 304 iron, flat, commercial aizea of, table. 170 iron, various shapes, commer- cial sises of, 171 Lowmoor iron, strength of, 297 steel, effect of nicking, 402 twisted iron, tensile strength of, 241 twisted , Gilmore's experiments on , 242 various, weights of, 169 wrought iron, compression tests of, 304 wrought iron, weight of, table. 171 Barometer, leveling with, 482 to find altitude by. 483 Barometric readings for various altitudes. 482 Barrels, to find volume of, 64 number of, in tanks, 126 Basic Bessemer steel, strength of, 390 Batteries, storage. 104&-1048 Baume's hydrometer. 165 Baein's experiments on weirs, 587 formuls, flow of water, 563 Beams, deck, properties of Carne- gie, table, 278 formulse for flexure of. 267 formulse for transverse strength of, 268 special, coefficients for loads on, 270 steel, formulffi for safe loads on, 269 variously^ loaded, 271 yellow pine, safe loads on, 1023, 1079 Beardslee's tests on elevation of elastic limit, 238 Bearings, allowable pressure on, 935-937 baU, 940 east-iron. 933 for steam turbines, 941 Idgh speed, 941 oiTpressure in, 937 overheating of, 938 pivot. 939 roller, 940 steam-engine, 811-813 Bearing-metal alloys, 333 Bearing-metals, anti-friction, 932 composition of, 326 Bearing pressure on rivets, 355 Bed-plates of steam-engines, 817 BeU-metal, composition of, 325 Belt conveyors, 912d dressings. 887 Belts, arrangement of, 885 care of, 886 cement for leather or cloth, 887 centrifugal tension of, 876 endless. 886 evil of tight, 885 Belts, lacing of, 883 length of, 884 open and crossed. 874, 884 quarter twist, 883 sag of, 885 Belting, 876-887 formuUe, 877 friction of , 876 horse-power of, 877-880 notes on, 882 practice, 877 rubber, 887 strength of, 302, 886 tables. 877.878 Taylor's rules, 880-882 theory of, 876 width for given H.P., 879 Bending curvature of wire rope, 921 Bends, effects of on flow of water in pipes, 578 in pipes, 488. 672; table, 199 Bent lever, 436 Bessemer converter, temperature determinations in, 452 steel (see Steel, Bessemer) Bessemerized cast iron, 375 Bevel wheels, 898 Billets, steel, specifications for, 401 Bins, coal-storage, 912a Binomial, any power of, 33 theorem, 36 Birmingham gau^, 28 Bismuth, properties of, 167 aUo3r8. blast -pipe diameters for, 520 capacity of, 517. 1081 experiments with. 514 for cupolas. 519, 950 pressure, 950 rotary, table of, 526 steam -jet. 527 velocity due to pressure, 614 Blowing-engines, dimensions of, 526 Blue heat, effect on steel, 395 Board measure. 20 Bodies, falling, laws of, 424 Boiler compounds, 717 explosions, 720 feed-pumps. 605, 726 furnaces, neight o^, 711 furnaces, use of steam in, 650 1096 IXDEX. IViiler hesuU, 706 headff. Htrength of, 284. 286 heada, irrouiht-iron. 285 beattDK-)mr6u» for 8t«am heat- injC. 538 ■eale. analyses of. 552 tubes, area of, table, 107 tubes, dimeiLsions of. table, 196 tubes, expanded, holding power of. 307 Boilers, horse-power, 677 for steam heating, 538 incrustation of. 550 locomotive, 855 marine, 1015 plate, strength of, at high tem- peratures. 383 ■team, 677-731 (tee Steam-boiler) Boiling, resistance to, 463 Boiling-point of water, 550 Boiling-points of substances, 455 Bolts and nuts. 309, 211 effect of initial strain in, 292 holding power of in white pine, 290.291 square-head, table of weights of, 210 strength of, table, 292 taper. 972 track, wei^t of. 210 variation m siae of iron for, 206 Bomb calorimeter, 634 Braces, diagonal, with tto, stresses in. 442 Brackets, cast-iron, strength of, 252 Brake, Prony, 978 Brass, composition of rolled, 203 alloys, 325 plates and bars, weight of, table, 202,203 tube, seamless, table. 108-200 wire, weight of, table. 202 Brazing of aluminum bronM, 328 metal, composition of. 325 solder, composition of, 325 Brick, absorption of water by, 312 for floors. 281 kiln, temperatures in. 452 specific gravity of. 165 strength of. 302. 312 weight of. 165. 312 Bricks fire, number required for various circles, table. 234 fire, sizes and shapes of, 233 Bricks magnesia, 295 Brickwork, measure of, 160 weight of, 169 Bridge iron, durabilitv of, 385 links, steel, strength of, 298 membere, strains in, 262-264 Memphis, proportions of mate- rial. 381 Memphis, tests of steel in. 393 trusses, 442 Brine, boiling of, 463 properties of, 464, 994 Briquettes, coal, 632 British thennal unit (B.T.r.). 455, 660 Britannia metal, ccMnpoflttioB of. 336 Bronse. alomiiram, strengtlk o€. 328 ancient, oompoeition of, 323 deoxidized, composition of. 327 Gurlesr's. composition of, S2S manganese. 331 phosphor. 327 strength of. 300, 319. 321 Tobin. 325, 326 Buck-rfiot, siaes and weii^iAs of 204 Buildings, eonstracticm of. 1019- 1023 fire-proof. 1020 heating and ventilation of. 534 transmission of heat through walls of. 478 walls of. 1019 Building-laws. New York CSty. 1019-1021 on columns. New York, 252. 1019 on columns. Boston. 252 on columns. Chicago 252. 255 on structural materials. Chicago. 381 Building-materials, an^ of repose of. 929 coeflicients of friction of, 929 sises and weights. 169. 184 Bulb angles, properties of Oame- gie steel, table, 278 Bulldbeads, plating and framing for. table. 287 Buoyancy, 550 Burr truss, stresses in, 443 Bushel of coal, 638 of coke, 638 Bush-metal, composition of, 326 Butt-joints, riveted, 358 Cables, chain, wrought-iron. 308, 340 flexible steel wire, 223 sixes, weight, and strength, 230. 338 lead-incased power, sizes and weights, 222 suspension-bridge. 230 Cable-ways, suspension. 915 Cadmium, properties of, 167 Calculus. 72-79 Calcium chloride in refrigerating- machines. 994 Caloric engines. 851 Calorie, definition of, 455 Calorimeter for coal. Mahler bomb, 634 steam, 728-731 steam, coil, 729 steam, separating, 730 steam, throttling 729 Calorimet^rio tests of ooid. 086 IKBBX. eam-ohl 1097 Cam, 438 Canals, irrigation, 564 speed of vessels on, 1008 Can(Ue-power of electric lights, 1042 of gas lights, 054 Canvas, strength of. 302 Cap-screws, table of standard, 208 Capacity, electrical, 1062 electncal, of conductors, 1067 Car-heating by steam, 538 Car-journals, friction of, 937 Cars, steel plate for, 401 Car-wheels, cast iron for, 375 Carbon, burning out of steel, 402 effect of, on strength of steel, 380 gas, 646 Carbonic acid allowable in air, 529 Carnegie steel sections, properties or 27 2-280 steel sections, weights and sizes, 177, 178 Carriages, resistance of, on roads, 435 Carriers, bucket, 91 2d Casks, volume of, 64 Cast copper, strength of, 300, 319 Cast iron, 365-376 analyses of. 371-374 bad, 375 bearings, 933 Bessemerized, 375 chemistry of, 370-374 columns, eccentric loading of, 254 columns, strength of, 250-253 columns, tests of, 250, 251 columns, weight of, table, 185 compressive strength of, 245 corrosion of, 386 durabUity of, 385 influence of phosphorus, sulphur, etc., 365-368, 370 malleable, 375 mixture of, with steel, 375 pipe, 185-190 {see Pipe, cast- iron) pipe-fittings, sizes and weights, 187 relation of chemical composition to fracture, 370 shrinkage of, 368 specific gravity of, 374 specifications tor, 374 strength of, 296. 370-374 strength m relation to silicon and cross-section. 369 tests of, 369 variation of density and tenac- ity, 374 Castings, iron, analyses of, 373 iron, strength of, 297 malleable, rules for use of, 376 shrinkage of, 951 steel, 405 steel, specifications for, 397, 406 steel, strength of, 299 weight of, from pattern, 952 Catenary, to plot, 51, 52 Cement as a preservative coating, 387 Cement for leather belts, 887 mortar, strength of, 313 Portland, strength of, 302 specific gravity of, 166 weight of, 166, 170 Center of gravity, 418 of gravity of regular figures, 419 1 of gyration, 420 of oscillation, 421 of percussion, 422 Centigrade thermometer scale, 448 -Fahrenheit conversion table, 449 Centrifugal discharge elevators, 912a fans {see Fans, centrifugal) force, 423 force in fiy-wheels, 820 pumps, 607-609 (ace Pumps, centrifugal) tension of belts, 876 C.G.S. Cbimoeys, steel, 740 steel, foundations for, 741 tall brick, 737 velocity of air in, 733 weak, 739 Chord of circle, 58 Chords of truiises, strains in, 445 Chrome fit eel, 409 Circle, 57-69 area of, 57 area of. 1-1000, table, 103-107 area of, ^«-100, advancing by i, table, 108-112 equations of, 70 length of arc of, 57 length of arc of, Huyghen's ap- proximation, 58 length of chord of, 58 problems, 39, 40 properties of, 57 relations of arc, chord, etc., of, 58 relations of, to equal, inscribed, and circumscribed square, 59 sectors and segments of, 59 dreuitSf electric, e.m.f. in, 1030 electric, polyphase, 1068 (see Alternating currents) electric, power of, 1031 Orcuit, magnetic,' 1051 Circular ares, lengths of, 57 arcs, lengths of, tables, 114, 115 functions, calculus, 78 inch. 18 measure, 20 mil, 18 mil wire gauge, 30 mil wire gauge, table, 29 pitch, 888 ring, 59 segments, table of areas of, 116 Circumferences of circles, 1-1000, table. 103-107 of circles, ^4-100, table, advanc- ing by i, 108-112 of circles, 1 inch to 33 feet, table, 113 Cisterns, capacities of, 121, 126 Classification of iron and steel, 364 Clay, cubic feet per ton, 170 fire, analy&is of Mt. Savaice, 233 Clearance in steam-engines, 751, 792 Coal, analyses of, 624-632 anthracite, sizes of, 632 bituminous J classification of, 623 calorimetenc tests of, 636 classification of, 623-624 conveyors, 912a coet of, for steam power, 789 DuLong's formula for heating, value of, 633 evai>orative power of. 636 foreign , analysis of, 631 furnaces for different, 635 heating value of, 633. 634 handling machinery, 912-9l2c{ hoi.«*ting by rope, 343 products of distillation of, 639, 651 relative value of, 633-637 Coal, sampling of, for analyidii, 632 semi-bitummous, oompoaitioii of, 625, 626 q>ace occupied by anthracite, 625 storage bins, 912a v$. oil as fuel, 646 washing. col-con 1099' Columns, wrought-iron, built, 257 wrought -iron, Merriman's table of. 260 wrought-iron, tests of, 305 wrought-iron, ultimate strength of, table, 255 Combination, 10 Combined stresses, 282, 283 Combustion, analyses of gases of, 622 heat of, 456, 621 of fuels, 621 of gases, rise of temperature in, 623 rate of, due to chimneys, 732 theory of, 620 Composition of forces, 415 Compound en^nes, 761-768 (see Steam-engmes, compound) interest 14 locomotives, 862, 863 numbers, 5 proportion, 6 8hap>es. steel, 248 units of weiffhts and measures, 27 Compressed-air, 488, 498-511 adiabatic and isothermal com- pression, 499 adiabatic expansion and com- pression, tables , 502 compound compression, 501b cranes, 912 diagrams, 5016 drills driven by, 506 engines, adiabatic expansion in, 501a engines, efficiency. 506 for motors, effect of heating, 507 flow of, in pipes, 489 formulse, 501 heating of, 498 hoisting engines, 505& horse-power required to compress air, 500 losses due to heating, 500 loss of energy in, 498 machines, air require* I to run, 505a mean effective pressures of adiabatically compressed air, table, 501 & mean effective pressures, com- pound compression, table, 501& mean effective pressures, tables, 602, 503 mine pumps, 511 motors, 507 Popp system, 507^ practical applications of, 5056 pumping with, 605a reheating of, 506 shop operation by, 509 tramways, 510. 511 transmission, 488^ transmission, efficiencies of, 508 volumes, mean pressures per stroke, etc., table, 499 work of adiabatic compression, fiOl I Compressed steel, 410 Compression, adiabatic, formulse for, 501 adiabatic, tables. 502 and flexure combined, 282 and shear combined, 282 and torsion combined, 283 in steam -en^nes, 751 members m structures, unit strains in. ."^SO Compressive strength. 244-246 strengths of woods, 311 strength of iron bars. 304 tests, specimens for, 245 Compressors, air, 503-505 air, effect of intake temperature, 606 Condensers, 839-846 air-pump for, 841 circulating pump for, 843 continuous use of cooling water in, 844 cooling towers for. 844 cooling water required, 841 ejector, 840 evaporative surface, 844 increase of power due to, 846 jet, 839 surface, 840 tubes and tube plates of, 840, 841 tubes, heat transmission in, 472 Conduction of heat, 468 of heat, external, 469 of heat, internal, 468 Conductivity, electric, of steel, 403 electrical, of metals. 1028 Conductors, electrical, heating of, 10.31 electrical, in series or parallel, resistance of, 1030 Conduit, water, efficiency of, 589 Cone, measures of , 61 pulleys, 874 Conic sections, 71 Connecting-rods, steam-engine, 799, 800 tai^ered. tables, metric, 2.3-26 Converter, Bessemer, temperature determinations in. 452 Converters, electric. 1071 Conveying of coal in mines, 913, 914 Conveyors, belt, 9124 cable-hoist, 915 coal, 912a horse -power required for, 912<; screw, 912(2 1 1100 «oo*cyl INDEX. Cooling of air for ventilation, 531 towers for condenaers, 844 Co-ordinate axes, 69 Copper, 167 ball pyrometer, 451 cast, strength of. 300, 319 drawn, strength of, 300 balls, hollow, 289 manganese alloys, 331 nickel alloy, 332 plates, strength of, 300 plates, weight of, table, 202 roimd bolt, weight of, table, 203 strength of, at high temperatures, 309 tin alloys, 320 tin alloys, properties and compo- sition of, 319 tin-aluminum alloys, 330 tin-zino alloys, properties and composition, 322, 323 tubing, weight of, table, 200 weight required m different sys- tems of transmission, 1075 wire, table of dimensions, weight, and resistance of 202, 218- ,220, 1034 wire, cost of, for long-distance transmission, 1036, 1040 line alloys, strength of, 323 zmc alloys, table of composition and properties, 321 zinc-iron allojrs, 326 Cordage, technical terms relating to, 341 weight of, table, 906 Cork, properties of, 316 Com, weight of, 170 Corrosion of iron, 386 of steam-boilers, 386, 552, 716- 721 Corrosive agents in atmosphere 386 Corrugated arches, 181 furnaces, 266, 702, 709 iron, sices and weights, 181 plates, properties of Carnegie steel, table, 274 Cosecant of an angle, 65; table, 159- 162 Cosine of an angle, 65; table, 159- 162 Cost of coal for steam-power, 789 of steam-power, 790 Cotangent of an angle, 65; table, 159-162 Cotton ropes, strength of, 301 Couloumb. 1024 Counterbalancing of hoisting-en- gines, 909 of locomotives, 864 of .steam-engines, 788 Coimterpoise system of hoisting, 910 Couples, 418 Coverings for steam -pipe, tests of, 470. 471 Oovernne of angles, table, 159- 162 Cox's formula for loss of head 675 Crane chains, 232 Cranes, 911 classification of, 911 compressed air, 912 electric, 912 jib, 912 stresses in, 440 travelling, 912 guyed, stresses in, 441 simple, stresses in, 440 Cranks, steam-engine, 805 Crank angles, steam-engine, table; 830 pins, steam-engine, 801-804 pins, steel, specifications for, 401 shafts, steam -eng^e, 813-815 shaft, steam-engine, torsion and flexure of, 814 Cross-head guides, 798 pin, 804 Crucible steel, 410-414 (see Steel. cnicible) Oushing strength of masonry mate- rials, 312 Cubature, 75 Cubes of numbers, table, 86-101 of decimals, table, 101 Cube root, 8 roots, table of, 86-101 Cubic feet per gallon, table, 122 measure, 18 Cupola practice, 946-950 result of increased driving, 049 Cupolas, blast-pipes in. 520 blast-pressure m, 948 blowers for, 519, 950 charges for, 946-947 charges in stove foundries, 949 dimensions of, 947 loss in melting iron in, 950 slag in, 948 Currents, electric («e« Electric cur- rents) Current motors, 589 Cutting speeds of machine toola, 953; table, 954 stone with wire, 966 Cycloid, construction of, 49 diflferential equations of, 79 differential measure of, 60 integration of, 79 Cycloidal gear-teeth, 892 Cylinder condensation in steam- engines, 752, 753 Cylinder, measures of , 61 Cylinders, hoUow. limit of thickness. 288 hollow, resistance of, to collapse, 264-266 hollow, under tension, 287. 289 hydraulic, thickness of , 617 hydraulic press, thickness of, 288 locomotive, 854 steam-engine {9ee Steam-engines) table of capacities of, 120 INDEX. cyl-ela 1101 C.vUr)(lric!il ring, 62 Cylindrical tanks, capacities of , table , 121 Dalton's law of j^aeeous pressures, 480 Dam, stability of, 417 D'Arcy's formula, flow of water, 563 formula, table from, of flow of water in pipes, 669-572 Decimals, 3 squares and cubes of, 101 Decimal equivalents of fractions, 3 equivalents of feet and inches, 112 gauge, 32 Deck-beams, weights and sizes, 177 properties of Carnegie st<eel, 278 Delta connection for alternating currents, 1060 metal, 225, 326 Innominate numbers, 5 Deoxidized bronze, 327 Derrick, stresses in, 441 Diagonals, formulae for strains in, 444 Diametral pitch, 888 DifTerential gearing, 898 calculus, 72-79 of algebraic function, 72 of exponential function, 77 partial, 73 coefficient ,73; sign of , 7 6 second, third, etc., 75 pulley, 439 screw, 439; efllciepcy of, 974 windlass, 439 Differentiation, formulae for, 73 Discount, 13 Disk fans (see Fans, disk) Displacement of ships, 1001, 1008 Distillation of coal, 639 Distiller for marine work, 847 Domes on steam-boilers, 711 Draught power of chimneys, 732 theory of chimneys, 731 • Drawing-press, blanks for, 973 Dredge, centrifugal pump as a, 609 Dressings, belt, 887 Drift bolts, resistance of, in timber, 290 Drill gauge, table, 29 press, norse-power required by, 963 Drills, rock, air required for, 505a rock, requirements of air-driven, 506 twist, speed of, 957 tap, 970, 97 J ; sizes of, 208 DrilUng holes, speed of, 956 machines, electric, 956 Drop in electric circuits, 1029-1031 press, pressures attainable by, 973 Drums for hoisting-ropes, 917 Dry measure, 18 Drying and evaporation, 462-467 in a vacuum, 466 Ducts, cold-air, for steam-heating, 539 Ductility of metals, table, 169 Dulong's formula for heating value of coal, 633 law of convection, table of factors for, 477 law of radiation, table of factors for, 476 Durability of iron, 385, 386 Durand's rule for areas, 56 Diist explosions, 642 fuel, 642 Duty, measure of, 27 of pumping-engine, 610 trials of pumping-engines, 609- 612 D3mamo-«lectric machines, 1055- 1060 machines, classification of, 1055 machines, design of, 1058- 1060 machines, e.m.f. Elastic-limit of wire rope, 917 relation of to endurance. 238 Wdhler's experiments on, 238 Elastic resilience, 270 resistance to torsion, 282 BHasticity. coefficient of, 237 modulus of, 237 moduli of. of various materials, 314 Electrical conductivity of steel, 403 Electrical engineering, 1024-1077 alternating currents, 1061-1077 direct currents. 1024-1060 Electrical horse-power, 1031; table, 1039 machines, tables of, 1074-1077 resistance, 1027-1032 symbols, 1078 Electricity, standards of measure- ment, 1024 systems of distribution, 1041 units used in, 1024 Mectric circuits (see Circuits, elec- tric) eiurents, alternating, 1061-1078 (see Alternating currents) currents, direct, 1024-1060 current, direction of, 1054 currents, heating due to, 1031 current required to fuse wires, 1032 currents, short circuiting of, 1036 heaters, 546, 1044 light stations, economy of en- gines in, 785 lighting, 1041-1043 motors, alternating current, 1071, 1077 motors, direct current, 1055, 1074 -1076 railways, 1041 storage-batteries, 1045-1048 transmission, 1033-1041 (»c« Transmission, electric) wires (see Wires, electric) welding, 1046 Electro-chemical equivalents, 1049 Electro-magnets, 1050-1054 polarity of, 1054 strength of, 1053 winding for, 1053 Electro-magnetic measurements, 1050 Electrolysis, 1048 Elements, chemical, table, 163 of machines, 435-440 Elevators, coal, 912a Ellipse, construction of, 46, 47 equations of, 70 measures of, 59, 60 ElUpsoid, 63 Elonfloition, measurement of, 243 E.M.F. of electric circuits, 1030 of armature circuit, 1056 Emeiy, grades of, 968 wheels, speed and selection of, 967 Emery-wheels strains in, 969 Endless rope system of faAulage, 914 screw 440 flndurance of materiiiLi, relation of to elastic limit. 238 Energy, conservation of, 432 definition of, 429 measure of. 429 of ren il of guns, 431 sources of, 432 Engines, blowmg, 526 compressed air, efficiency of, 506 fire, capacities of, 580 gas, 847-850 (see Gas-engines) gasoline, 850 hoisting, 908 hot-air, 850 hydraulic, 619 marine, 1017-1019 marine, steam and exhaust open- injss, sizes of , 674 marine, steam-pipes for, 674, 1016 naphtha, 850 petroleum, 850 petroleum, tests of, 851 pumping, 609-612 (see Pumping- engines) steam, 742-847 (see Steam-en- gines) winding, 909 Engine-planet wire-rope haulage, 913 Epicycloid, 60 Equation of payments, 14 of pipes, 491 Equations, algebraic, 34, 35 of circle, 70 of ellipse, 70 of hyperbola, 71 of parabola, 70 quadratic, 35 referred to co-ordinate axes, 69 Equilibrium of forces, 418 Equivalent orifice, mine ventilation, 533. Equivalents, electro-chemical. 1049 Erosion of soils, 565 Ether, compressibility of, 164 Evaporation, 462-467 by exhaust steam, 465 by multiple system, 463 factors ot, 6956-699 in salt manufacture, 463 of sugar solutions, 465 of water from reservoirs and channels, 463 latent heat of, 462 total heat of, 462 unit of, 677 Evaporator, for marine work, 847, 1016 Evolution, 7 Exhaust-steam, evaporation by, 465 for heating, 780 INDEX. exh-flo 1103 Exhauster, steam-jet, 527 Expansion, adiabatic, formulsB for, 501 ; tables, 502 by heat, 459 coefficients of, 460 of iron and steel, 385 of liquids, 461 of solids by heat, 460 of steam, 742 of steam, actual ratios of, 750 of timber, 311 of water, 547 Explosions, dust, 642 Explosive energy of steam-boilers, 720 Exponents, theory of, 36 Exponential function, differential of, 77 Eye bars, tests of, 304 Factors of evaporation, 6956-699 Factor of safety, 314 in steam-boilers, 700 Fahrenheit-Centigiade conversion table, 449 Failures of stand-pipes, 294 of steel, 403 Fairbaim's experiments on riveted joints, 354 Fallinjg bodies, graphic representa- tion, 425 » bodies, laws of, 424 Fans and blowers, 511-526 capacity of, 517 , 1083 comparative efficiencies, 516 Fans, best proportions of , 512 centrifugal, 511, 518-523 disk. 524-526 efficiency of, 520, 533 experiments on, 515, 516, 522 for cupolas and forges, 519 influence of speed of, 523 influence of spiral casings on, 523 pressure due to velocity of, 513 quantity of air delivered by, 514 Farad, definition and value of, 1024 Feed-pump (see Pumpjs) Feed water, cold, strains caused by, 727 water heaters, 727, 1083 water heaters, marine practice, 1016 water, saving due to heating, 727 water, purification of, 554 Feed-wire, stranded, table of sizes and weights, 222 Fibre-graphite lubricant, 945 Fifth roots and powers of numbers, 102 Fineness, coefficient of, 1002 , Finishing temperature, efifect of m steel rolling, 392 Fink roof -truss, 446 Fire, tfWPCW^tur© of, 6^9 Fire-brick arches in locomotives, 857 Fire-brick, number required for various circles, table, 234 sizes and shapes of, 233 weight of, 233 Fire-cay^ analysis of Mt. Flow of water, experiments on, 666- 673 of water, fall per mile and slope, table, 558 of water, Fismn's formula, 562 of wMer, formulae for, 557^564, 1080 of water in pipies, 557 of water in pipes at uniform velocity, tabie^ 672 of water m caat-'iron pipe, 666 of water in house-service pipes, table, 578 of water in 20" pipe, 566 of water in pipes, table from D'Arcy'B formula, 569-572 of water in pipes, tables from Kutter's formula, 56$, 569 of water, Kutter's formiila, 559 of water, Molesworth's formula, 562 of water, ol<J formuls? for, 564 of water over weirs, 555, 586 of water, V7 for pipe« i^nd con- duits, table, 559 of water through orifices, 5&5, 584 Flowing wA-ter, horse-power of, 589 water, measurement of, 582 Flues, collapsing pressure of, 265 corrugated, British rules, 266, 702 corrugated, U. S. rules, 709 (990 dlao TubM find Boilers) Flywheels, steam-engine, 817-824 (see Steam-engines) Foaming or priming of fteam- boifers. 552. 718 Foot and inches, decimal equiva- lents of, table, 112 Foot-pound,, unit of work, 428 Force, centrifugal, 423 definitions of , 415 expression oft 429 graphic representation of, 415 moment or, 416 of acceleration, 427 of a blow, 430 of wind, 492 imits of, 415 Forces, oompogition of, 415 equilibrium of, 418 parallel, 417 parallelogram of, 416 parallelopipedon of, 416 polygon o(, 416 resolution of, 415 Foroed draught in steam-boUers, 714 draught, marine practice, 1015 Forcing and sqrinkmg fits, 973 Forges, fans for, 519 Forging, heating of steel for, 413 hydraulic. 618, 620 of tool steel, 413 Forgings, strength of, 297 steel, apneahng of, 396 Foundry iron, analyses of, 37W74 irons, chemistry gf , 370 Foundry irone, gmdM oi. 379 ladles, dimentfons of, 953 practice, 946-953 practice, moulding-saad, 059 practice, shrinkage of 951 practice, uae of softenerp. 060 Fractions, 2 product of, in decimals, 4 Frames, steam-engine, 817 Fnuned structures, stresses in, 440- 447 Framing, for bulkheads, table, 297 for tanks, 287 Francis's formuUe for weirs, 586 Fre^^ing-point of water, 550 lYench measures and weights, 21-26 thermal unit, 455 Frequency of alternating eurrenta, 1061 • Friction and lubrication. 928-945 brakes, capacity of, 980 coefficient of, deftnitlon, 928 coefficient of, tables, 929, 930 fluid, laws of, 929 gearing, 905 laws of, of lubricated joumala, 934 moment of. eombuBtion of gas i ««<lleiuiv of, 848 preeeur«B devalsped in. B4B Uinperaturaa developed in, B4f leBts of, 848 UM «f carburetlAd idr in, 840 Claa-inH, cut-inm, vaisbt ot, Mm. Gasea, abnoiptioa of. 480 AvoMdro'H law of, 479 oomSuBCion of. rise of t >a of. 47e ion ot, 479 LOQ of by heat , ttb]e, IBB physical properties of. 479 qiecific heatB of. 458 weight and qwcifio gravi tat^, 165 waate, uie of, under boilei 690 GaeoUne-enfiuei jw threada. 206 w threads, table, 206 r dimenaioafl sheelB, milling eutters fnr, 89i vheela, proportions of, SOI Dhordal pitch, 889 comparison of formuls. 903, 9 cycloidal teeth, 892 rncy ot, 8 I of teeth forou of teeth. rackB^i 895 pitch, 888 spiral ,"867 fitrenKth of, 900-! elepped. 897 twisted, S9T worm. 897. 1086 Gears, lathe, tar » Goneratoi- ' altematiDi do P^WDo elacl ^omemenl progrew prtdjlHOf. 37-43 proppMUoni, U aloctrio. 1056-1060, lOTOj 1077 1106 Cer-h«a IKDEX. German silver, 300, 332 silver, conductivity of, 1028 Gilbert, definition and value of, 1050 Girders, allowed stresses in plate and lattice, 264 building. New York building laws, 1020 iron-plate, strength of, 207 steam-boiler, rules for, 703 Warren, stresses in, 445 Glass, skylight, sizes and weights, 184 strength of, 308 Sroperties of, 167 d-melting. temperature deter- minations, 452 Gold-ore, cubic feet per ton, 170 Gordon's formula for columns, 247 Governors, steam-engine, 836-839 Grade line, hydraulic, 578 Grain elevators, 912d weight of, 170 Granite, stren^h of, 302, 312 Graphite, lubricant, 045 paint, 387 Grate surface in locomotives, 856 surface of a steam-boiler, 680 Gravel, cubic feet per ton, 170 Gravity, acceleration due to, 424 center of, 418 discharge elevators, 912a specific, 163-165 (see Specific gravity) Greatest conunon measure or divi- sor, 2 Greek letters, 1 Green's fuel economizer, 715 Greenhouses, hot-water, heating of, 542 steam-heating of , 541 Grinder, horse-power required to run, 963 Grindstones, speed of, 968, 969 strains in, 968 varieties of, 970 Gurley's bronse, composition of, 325 Gun-bronse, variation in strength of. 321 Guns, energy of recoU of, 431 formula for thickness of, 288 Gun-metal (bronxe), composition of, 325 Guy-ropes for stand-pipes, 293 Guy-wires, table of sizes, weights, and strength of, 223 Gyration, center of, 420 table of radii of, 421 radius of, 247, 249 ammering, effeet of, on steel, 412 ardening of steel, 893, 414 ardness of oopper^tin alloj^, 320 of water, 553 Haillage, wire-rope, 912<l-916 wire*rope, endless rope system, winB«rop6, 6ngiAe*pUuifl, 913 mi*rQp€i iaclmea plAQd, 913 Haulage, wire-rope. taO-r(q[)e sgrsttttu 913 wire-rope, tramway, 914 Hauling capacity of locomotives. 853 Hawley down-draught furnace. 712 Hawsers, flexible steel wire, 223 Hawser, hemp, weight of. 223 manila, weight of, 223 steel, weight of, 223 steel, table of sizes and prtH^er- ties. 229 table of comparative strength of steel, hemp, manila, and chain, 230 Head, frictional, in cast-iron pipe, table, 577 loss of, 573-579 (see Loss of head) of air, due to temperature differ- ences, 533 of water, 557 of water, comparison of, with various units, 548 of water, value in pounds per square inch, table, 189, 190 Heads of boilers, 706 of boilers, unbraced wroui^t- iron, strength of, 285 Heat, 448-480 conducting power of metals, 469 conduction of, 468 convection of, 469 effect of, on grain of steel, 412 expansion due to, 459 generated by electric current 1031 latent, 461 (see Latent heat) loss by convection. 476 mechanical equivalent of, 456 of combustion, 456 of combustion of fuels, 621 quantitative measurement of, 455 Rtdiating power of substances, 468 radiation of. 467 radiation of various substances, 475. reflecting power of subsianoes, 468 resistance of metals, 468 specific, 457-459 (see Speeifio heat) steam, storing of, 789 transmission of, from steam to water, 472, 473 transmission of, in oondenser tubes, 473 transmission of, through buildfaig walls, etc., 478, 534 transmission of, through platM, 471^75 transmission power of variotu substances, 478 treatment of crucible steel, 411 unit of, 455, 660 units per pound of water, 548 HeatttfB, eleotric, 1044 (•i!d«water,72r. 1083 IKDEX. hear-hyd nor Heating and Ventilation, 528-546 blower system, 545, 1081 boiler-heating surface, 538 computation of radiating surface, 536 heating value of radiators, 534 heating surface ^ indirect, 537 hot-water heatm^:, 542-544 (aee Hot-water heating) overhead steam-pipes, 537 steam-heating, 534-541 (aee Steam-heating) transmission of heat through building walls, 534 Heating a building to 70*'. 545 by etoctricity. 546. 1044 bv exhaust steam, 780 of electrical conductors, 1031 of gromhouses, 541, 542 of laige building, 534 of steel for forgmg, 413 of tool steel, 412 surface of steam-boiler, 678; meas- urement of, 679 value of coals. 634, 635 value of wood , 639 Height, table of, corre^>onding to a given velocity, 425 Heine boiler, test of, with different coals. 688 Helical springs, capacity of, 349, 350 springs for locomotives, 353 steel Erorings, 347 Helix. 60 Hemp ropes, strength of, 301 rope, table of strength and weight of, 340 rope, table of strength of, 338 rope, flat, table of strength of, 339 Henry, definition and value of, 1024 HoMon's hot-blast pyrometer, 453 Hodgldnson's formula for columns, 246 Hoistmg. 906-916 by hydraulic pressure, 617 ooal, 343 counterpoise system. 910 enuMs, 911 (tee Cranes) «ffeot of slack rope, 908 endless rope system, 910 engines, wS engines, compressed-air, 5056 engines, ooimterbalancing of, 909 horse-power required for, 907 Koepe system, 910 Umit of depth for, 908 loeded wagon syBton, 910 pneimiatio, 909 rope, 340 rope, iron, or steel, dimensions, strength and propertiee, table, ropiii, stresses in, on Inclined •iMi and itrength of« 8i3, Hoisting rope, tension required to prevent slipping, 916 suspension cabieways, 915 tapering ropes, 910, 916 Holding power of bolts in white pine, 291 power of expanded boiler-tubes, 307 power of la^-screws, 290 power of nails in woods, 291 power of ^ikes, 289 power of wood screws, 290 Hollow cylinders, resistance of, to collapse, 264-266 shafts, torsional strength of, 282 Hooks, proportions of, 907 Horse-gm, 434 Horse, work of, 434 Horse-power constants of steam<* engines, 757 cost of, 590 definition of, 27, 429 electrical, 1031 electrical, table of, 1039 hours, definition of, 429 nominal, definition of, 756 of fans, 516 of flowing water, 589 of locomotive boilers, 679 of marine boilers. 679 of a steam-boiler, 677 of a steam-boiler, builders' rating, 679 of steam-engines, 755-761 of windmills. 497 required, to compress air, 500 Hose, fire, friction losses in, 580 Hot-air engines, 850 Hot-blast pyrometer, Hobson's, 453 Hot boxes, 938 water heating. HydraiiUc pipe, 191 power in Loadon, 617 press, thickness of cylinders for, 288 presses in iron works, 617 pressure, hoisting by, 617 pressure transmission, 616-620 pressure transmission, energy of, 616 pressure transmission, speed of water through pipes and valves, 617 ram, 614, 615 riveting machines, 618 Hydrometer, 165 Hygrometer, dry and wet bulb, 483 Hyperbola, asymptotes of, 71 construction of, 49 equations of, 7l curve on indicator diagrams, 759 Hyperbolic logarithms, tables of, 156-158 Hypocycloid, 60 I beams (see Beams) Ice, properties of, 550 making machines, 981-1001 (,9ee Refrigerating machines) manufacture, 999 melting effect, 988 niuminating-gas, 651-659 calorific equivalents of constitu- ents, 654 coal-gas, 651 fuel value of, 656 space required for plants, 656 water-gas, 652 Impact, 431 Impedance, 1063 polygons, 1064-1066 Impurities of wfiter, 551 Incandescent mmp, 1042 Inches and fractions a? decimals of a foot, tftble, 112 Inclined-plane, 437 motion on, 428 Stresses m hoistiiig-fopes on, 915 plane, wire-rope haulage, 913 Incrustation ana SCQ.)fs, 55]., 716 India-rubber, vulcaD^(se4» testp of, 316 lodfoat^id horserpo-^eF. 7^5 Indicators, steam-en^e, 754-761 (^ee ^teftm -engines) Indicator tests of IbcomQUvei^, 863 Indirect heating surface, 5^ Indi|Qt9.nic^, 1062 of ffnos ^n4 oirouite, 1066 fhduction motors, 1072 lou^rti^, definitipii pf, 415 moment of, 247, 419 Ingots, frtoel, sjfigrpgation w, ^04 Injector, efficiency or, 726 equation of, 735 Inoxidizabid surfaces, production of, 388 ■' Inspection of pj;©fu»')3oUfiiT9, 7J50 Insulation, Underwriters', 1033 Insulators, electrical value of, 1028 Integrals, 73 table of. 78, 79 Integration, 74 Intensifier, hydraulic, 619 Interest, 13 compound, 14 Interpolation, formula for, 1080 Involute, 52 gear-teeth, 894 gear-teeth, approximation of. 896 Involution, 6 Iridium, properties of, 167 Iron and steel, 167, 364-389 and steel boiler-plate, 382 and steel, classification of, 364 and steel, effect of cold on strength, of, 383 and steel in structures, formulae for unit strains in, 379 and steel, inoxidisable surface for, 388 and steel, latent heat of fusion of, 459 and steel, manganese plating of, 389 and steel, Pennsylvania Rail- road specifications for, 378 and steel, preservative coatings for, 387 and steel, rustless coatings for, 387 and steel, specific heat of, 459 and steel, tensile strength at Hfib temperatures, 382 bars (ie« Bars) bridges, durability of, 385 cast, 365-376 (wc C^ iron) coe$clents of expansion of, 38^ color of, at Various t4Mnpera- ture@, 455 Gopper-2inc ^oys, 326 corrosion of, 38p corrugated, sixes and wei|^t9, 181 durability of, 385, 386 flat-roUed, wei^t of. 17?, 173 for stay-bolts, 379 for U. S. Irr-loc 1109 Irreffular figure, area of, 55, 56 solid, volume of, 64 Irrigation canal^, 564 Isotbermal eompressioii of air, 499 expansion of steam, 742 Japanese alloys, composition of, 326 Jet-condensers, 839 Jet propulsion of «hips, 1014 Jet, reaction of, 1015 Jets, water, 579 Joints, riveted, 354-363 («ae Riv- eted joints) Joists, contents of, 21 Jouloj de&kition and value of, 1024 Joule s equivalent, 456 Journal-bearings, 930-939 cast-iron, 933 of engiDes, 810-815 Journals, coefficients of friction of, 930 lubricated, friction of, 931, 932, 934, 935. 937 Kelvin's rule for electric transmis- sion, 1036 Kerosene for scale in boilers, 718 Keys, dimensions of, 977 for machine tools, 976 for shafting, sixes of, 976 holding power of, 978 sises of, for mill-gearing, 975 Kinetic energy, 429 King-post truss, stresses in, 442 Kirkaldy's tests on strength of materials, 296-303 Knots, 344 Knot or nautical mile, 17 Koepe system of hoisting, 010 Krupp steel tires and axles. 298, 290 Kutter's formula, flow of water, 559 formula, table from, of flow of ' water in pipes, 568, 569 Ladles, foundry, dimensions of, 953 Lag-screws, holding power of, 290 Lacing of belts, 883 Lamps, arc, 1041 Lamps, incandescent electric, 1042 life of. 