None
Aplanobacter rathayi 160 (See also Orchard grass, Rdthay's disease.) acid, effect on 156 agar, slow growth on 156, 158 assodated with white organism 159, 160 capsule 156, 160 Cohn's solution, no growth in 160 coloring matter 156 comparison with Aplanobacter michiganense . . 165, 282 cultivation, difficulty of 156, 157, 158 cultural characteristics 156 cultures, separable from substratum 156 dextrose fermented 160 fermentation of sugars 156 gelatin, growth on 156, 165, 282 Gram's stain 156, 159 growth in, or on agar and gelatin, slow 156, 158 beef bouillon 156, 159 cane-sugar water 160 Cohn's solution 160 colonies of associated white organism 160 Dactylis broth plus peptone 160 Dactylis decoction 156 grass broth 160 litmus milk 160 milk 160 nitrate bouillon 159 nutrient agars 156, 157, 158, 159 nutrient gelatins 156, 157, 160, 282 peptone water plus potassium nitrate 160 potato 156, 158, 160 potato broth plus potassium nitrate 160 group number 160 hydrogen sulphide, production 156 indol production 156 inoculations 156 inoculations into tomato 160 iodine, reaction 156 isolation 156 lactose fermented slowly 160 lemon juice, effect 156 lemon yellow color 156 liquefaction of gelatin, slow 160, 282 R&thay's experiments 156 literature 160 litmus, reaction 160 longevity 160 milk, behavior in 160 morphology 156, 157, 160 motility, lack of 156, 157 nitrates, no reduction of 160 pellide present in 156 potato, used for isolation 156, 158 pseudozoogloese 165 resistance to sunlight 156 saccharose fermented slowly 160 seeds, disease disseminated on 160 spores, not seen 156 stains, reaction to 156, 160 sugars, fermentation 156 sunlight, resistance to 156 visddity 155, 157, 158 vitality, retention of 160 white organism assodated with 159, 160 yellow pigment, nature of 156 383 Digitized by Google 284 INDEX. Pag*. Appel, Bacillus phy tophthorus, formation of cork barrier . 1 92 "black-leg," cause of 175 ring disease of potato, Germany 166, 215 (See also Solanaceae, brown rot, ring disease of potato, Germany.) Arachis hypogaea, wilt 151, 153, 253, 271 (See Bacterium solanaceanun, peanut- wilt organism; peanut wilt, Sumatra; peanut wilt. United States; peanut wilt, van Breda de Haan's.) Arrowing of sugar-cane i9» 20 Arthaud-Berthet, Brazilian disease of Manihot 280 Ashby, Panama disease of banana reported from Jamaica 173 Australian disease of potato and tomato 207 Bacillus aeruginosus (tobacco canker?) 266 (See also Tobacco, wilt diseases, French disease.) cultural characteristics 266 Gram's stain 266 inoculations 266 morphology 266 sjmonomy 267 Bacillus amylobacter, tobacco root-rot. Comes 270 Bacillus amylovorus, compared with Bact. solanacearum, color 194 growth in beef-broth concentrated and strongly acid 136 growth in potato broth with malic add 136 Bcunllus atrosepticus 175 Bacillus brassicaevorus, synonomy 267 Bacillus caulivorus i75» 207 S3monomy 267 Bacillus cloacae from maize 147 Bacillus coli, sodium chloride, toleration for 138 Gram's stain, reaction to 247 Bacillus fluorescens liquefaciens, synonomy 267 Bacillus fluorescens putridus, synonomy 267 Bacillus glagae 75 Bacillus manihotus 280 (See also Manihot, Brazilian disease.) inoculations 280 literature 281 occurrence, pure, in subcortical swellings 281 Bacillus marcescens 87 Bacillus megaterium, isolated from diseased tobacco . 269 Bacillus melanogenes 175, 203, 276 Bacillus mesentericus, associated with Bact. solanacearum in Sumatra . . 259 resemblance to Aplanobacter rathayi 156 Bacillus musae 170 bacterial ooze 17 biological characters 17 cavities formed by 170, 172 growth black on potato cylinders 17 growth on gelatin 17 inoculations on 170, 17 manila hemp 17 solanaceous plants 17 tomato 17 isolation 170 longevity, feeble 17 pathogenicity, quick loss of 17 similarity to Bacillus solanaceanmi 17 tissues attacked 170, 171, 172 (See also Banana, Rorer's Trinidad disease.) Bacillus mycoides, associated with Bact. solanacearum in Sumatra 259 Bacillus mycoides roseus, isolated from diseased tobacco 269 Bacillus nicotianae Uyeda, (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases, Japanese disease.) acid, effect of 242 acid-production 238, 241 alkali, effect of 242 Pag<. Bacillus nicotianae Uyeda — continued. anaerobism 238, 241 Bacterium solanacearum (potato and tomato-wUt organism), relation to 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") Bacterium solanaceanmi (Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism), relation to 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") blackening of, agar cultures 238 bouillon 241 milk 241 capsules 241, 247 colonies on agar 238, 241 colonies on gelatin 241 comparison (Honing's) of Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism with Uyeda's description of B. nico- tianae and Smith's and Uyeda's descriptions of Bact. solanacearum .... 247, 248, 249, 250, 251 (See also "similarity, etc") comparison (Smith's) with Bact solanaceanmi Smith 240, 242, 243, 244 (See also "similarity, etc.") crystals, anmionium magnesium phosphate 241 cultturd characters 238, 241 comparison with Bact. solanacearum. Smith's observations 240, 242 cy tase, production of 242 description, Uyeda's 238 possibly not drawn from one organism 244 diastase, presence of 242 egg-plant, non-infection of 241 endospores 241, 243, 247 enzymes, presence of 241, 242 flagella 238, 241, 243 gas-production 238, 241 Gram's stain, positive 241 growth on or in, agar 238, 241 asparagin-dextrose solution 242 carrot 242 gelatin 238, 241 glucose agar, gas from 238 glucose bouillon, gas from 238 milk 238, 241 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sul- phate, sodium chloride, dextrose, and ammo- niutn chloride 242 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, dextrose, and ammonium tartrate 242 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sul- phate, sodium chloride, dextrose and asparo' gin 242 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sul- phate, sodium chloride, dextrose, and potaS' stum nitrate 242 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sul- phate, sodium chloride, glycerin, and ammo- nium chloride 242 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sul- phate, sodium chloride, glycerin, and ammo- nium tartrate 242 mono-potassium phosphate plus magnesium sul- phate, sodium chloride, glycerin, and potas- sium nitrate 242 peptone-dextrose solution 242 peptone- water, blackened 242 peptonized bouillon 238, 241 potato, yellow on 238, 241 radish, sharp odor on 242 Uschinsky's solution 242 hydrogen sulphide, production of 242 indol production 241, 242 inoculations, Jensen's, failure of 271 Digitized by Google INDBX. 285 Badllus nicotianae Uyeda — continued, inoculations, Uyeda's, on Amarantiius gangeticus 243 Capsicum longum 243 egg-plant 238 Lycopersicum esculentum 243 Physalis alkekengi 243 Physalis Tnin '"»M*p 243 Polygonum tinctorum 243 Solanum melongena 243 tobacco 238 invertase, presence of 242 liquefaction of gelatin 238, 241 literature 270, 271 litmus, reduction of 241, 242 maximum temperature 241 methylene blue, reduction of 242 morphology 238, 241 nitrate, reduction to nitrite 242 North American tobacco wilt, not found in 229 odor 238, 242 optimum temperature 238, 242 pellicle, early appearance 241 pigment, solubility 241 pigment-production 238, 241 effect of temperature 241 potato and tomato-wilt organism, relation to . . . 244,254 (See also "comparison, etc.") resistant varieties 243 similarity of tobacco-wilt organisms (Sumatra and Japan) and Bact. solanaceanun Smith, de- scribed from potato and tomato 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") soil, depth of penetration in 242 spores 241, 243, 247 staining, carbol f uchsin 243 staining. Gram's method 241 Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism, rel&tion to . 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc") temperature re&tions 238, 241 thermal death point 241 tomato, non-infection of 241 tomato and potato-wilt organism, relation to . 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") trypsin, production of 242 tyrosinase, presence of 241, 242 Bacillus phytophthorus, Australian disease of potato and tomato 208 Bacterium solanacearum, characters distinguishing from 200 cause of Schwarzbeinigkeit 175 formation of cork-barrier 192 French disease of potato 214 growth on slices of raw potato 166 parasitism, active 203 pathogenicity compared with that of Bact. zantho- chlorum 27a Russian disease of potato 214 Bacillus prodigiosus, mixed culture inoculations on tobacco 267 Badllus pseudarabinus 50 Bacillus putrifadens putridus (tobacco pith-rot?). . . 266 (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases, French disease.) cultural characteristics 267 inoculations 267 morphology 267 Badllus sac^ari Janse, aerobism 76 copper sulphate, effect 76 Debray's work 76 powth in culture media 76 isolation 74 Janse's work 74. 75 normal sugar-cane and other plants, presence in. . 75 resemblance to B. subtilis 76 Paos. Bacillus sacchari Janse — continued. Sereh, causal relation to 75 spores 76 Badllus sacchari Spegazzini 86 comparison with B. marcesoens 87 comparison with Micrococcus prodigiosusCohn.. 87 cultural characteristics 87 Inoculation experiments 87 Isolation from Polvillo 86 Janse's name eariler 86 mori^ology 87 red pigment produced 87 relation to Bact vascularum 88 resemblance to B. sorghi 87 spores 87 Bacillus sesami 218 Bacillus sdanacearum 178 (See Bacterium solanacearum.) Badllus s(danincola 175, 214, 215 Bacillus sc^anisaprus 203 Bacillus sorghi 87 Bacillus subtilis, growth on agar with Bact solanacearum from Sumatran tobacco 264 isolation from top-rot of sugar-cane 83 resemblance to B. sacchari 76 Bacillus tabadvorus (tobacco collar-rot?) 266 (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases, French disease.) cultural characteristics 266 inoculations 267 morphology 266 Bacillus trachdphilus, compared with Bact solanacearum, color 194 growth in beef-bouillon 194 Bacillus vascularum 8 (See Bacterium vascularum; Sugar-cane, Cobb's disease.) Bacillus vascularum solani 207, 208, 218 Badllus vulgatus, resemblance to Aplanobacter rathayi 156 Bacterium amaranthi 148 (See also Amaranths, Smith's disease.) alkali, production 149 cells occupied by 149 color of 149 gas production, not seen 149 growth on, Loeffler's blood-serum 148 potato cylinders 148 sugar-beet cylinders 149 isdation 148 literature 150 morphology 149 starch, slight action on 149 tissues occupied 149 Bacterium aurantium roseum, associated with Bact. solanacearum in Sumatra 259 Bacterium campestre, browning of bundles 90 chloroform, marked effect of 143 comparison with Aplanobacter michiganense . 1 6 1 , 1 64 growth in or on, beef-broth concentrated and strongly add 136 cabbage juice 136 distilled water plus dipotassium phosphate, mag- nesium sulphate, ammonium phosphate and sodium acetate 137 Dunham's solution plus rosolic add, differential . 139 Loeffler's blood serum 148 nitrate bouillon 138 potato broth 136 potato broth plus malic add 136 potato cylinders, copious 67, 148 rutabaga 135 tomato juice 136 Digitized by Google 286 INDEX. Page. Bacterium campestre — continued. growth on yellow turnip 135 infection through water-pores 210 pigment, brown 142 potato-starch, action on 142 retarding influence of litmus neutral gelatin 8 size compared with that of Cobb's Bacillus vas- cularum 8 starch, strong action on 60 wind, not borne by 68 Bacterium deliense, associated with Bact solanace- anun in Sumatra 259 Bacterium dianthi, growth in potato broth with malic acid 136 Bacterium gummis, tobacco-rot, Italy 266 tomato disease, Italy 203, 215 Bacterium hyacinthi, acids, toleration of 138, 144 alkalies, toleration of 138 growth on or in, agar I33 beef broth concentrated and strongly acid 136 Dunham's solution plus rosoUc acid 139 nitrate bouillon 138 nitrogen 138 potato broth 136 potato broth plus malic acid 136 potato cylinders 60, 134, 148 rutabaga 135 lesions produced by 130 minimtun temperature 143 morphology 149 potaio-starch, slight action on 142 Bacterium langkatense, associated with Bact. sola- naceanun in Sumatra 259 Bacterium matthiolae, (See also Stock, Italian disease.) aerobism 278 colonies 279 gas-production 278 Gram's stain 278 growth on or in, agar 278, 279 alkaline broth 278 broth 278, 279 gelatin 278 glycerin-agar 278 milk 279 potato 278 infection, manner of 279 inoculations 278 isolation 278 liquefaction of gelatin 278 literature 279 morphology 278 motility 278 reaction of media most favorable 278 stains, reaction to 278 temperature relations 278 Bacterium medanense, associated with Bact. solana- cearum in Sumatra 259 Bacterium megatherium, renders tobacco bacterium non-infectious 267 Bacterium michiganense 165 (See Aplanobacter michiganense.) Bacterium mori 209 Bacterium patelliforme, associated with Bact. sola- nacearum in Sumatra 259 Bacteriiun phaseoli, growth in or on, beef-broth concentrated and strongly acid 136 cabbage-juice 136 Hunger's agar, heaped up 57 potato broth 136 Paos. Bacterium phaseoli — continued, growth in or on — continued. potato broth plus malic add 136 potato cylinders 67 Bacterim pruni, growth in Uschinsky's solution. . . . 137 Bacterium rangiferinum, associated with Bact. sola- nacearum in Sumatra 259 Bacterium sacchari 50 Bacterium shuffneri, associated with Bact. solana- cearum in Sumatra 259 Bacterium solanacearum (Deli strain), [See Bact. solanacearum (Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism).] Bacterium solanacearum (Indian tobacco-wilt organism) 267 (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases, Indian disease.) bii^olar staining 267 culture medium, effect on virulence 267 growth on or in, agar 267 bouillon 267 gelatin 267 glucose bouillon 267 potato 267 inoculations 267 with mixed cultures 267 literature 271 longevity 268 morphological character, variations in 267 morphology 267 motility, denied 267 pigment 267, 268 effect on virulence 268 tissues, effect on 268 virulence, effect of pigment on 268 loss of 268 restoration of 268 variation in 267 Bacterium solanacearum (?) Qapanese tobacco-wilt organism), (See Bacillus nicotianae Uyeda.) Bacterium solanacearum (Medan), [See Bact. solanacearum (Sumatran tobacco organism).] Bacterium solanacearum (North American tobcuxx>-wilt organism) 231, 234, 235 (See also Peanut wilt, United Sutes; Tobacco, wilt- diseases. North American disease.) aerobism 233 browning on agar 232 browning on potato 232 comparison with Bact. solanacearum (potato and tomato) 230, 231, 234 comparison with peanut and pepper-wilt organ- isms 271 cultural characters 231 drying, effect on 282 Fulton's work on 271 gas-production, not observed 233 gfTOWth on or in, add bouillon (plus 33 musde acid) 232 beef-agar 231 Cohn's solution 233 gelatin 232 litmus milk 233 litmus milk with cream 282 milk 233 nitrate bouillon 233 potato 232 standard peptonized bouillon 232 incubation period 234 inoculations, (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases, N. Am. disease.) direct, on tobacco (organism passed through tomato) . . 234 Digitized by Google INDEX. 287 Pagr. Bacterium solanacearum (N. Am. tobacco) — cont. inoctilations, pure culture on peanut 271 tobacco 229 tomato 220, 230, 236 soil, on Datura stramonium 233 egg-plant 235 peppers 235 tobacco 181, 229, 235, 282 tomato 181, 233, 282 isolation 228 literature 270, 271 longevity 232 minimum temperature 233 morphology 231 peanut-wilt, cause of 271 potato and tomato-wilt organism like . . . 230, 231, 234 reduction of nitrates 233 relation to Bact. solanacearum (potato and tomato) 230, 231, 234 similarity to peanut-wilt organism 27 1 pepper-wilt organism 271 Sumatran tobacco- wilt organism, behavior in cream-free litmus milk 264 signs of disease 263 soil, infection through (peanut) 271 soil, persistence of organism in 237 Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism, similarity in cream-free litmus milk 264 Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism, similarity in signs of disease 263 thermal death-point 233 tissues attacked 227, 230 tomato and potato- wilt organism like . . . 230, 231, 234 vessels occupied 227, 230 water-content of host, effect on inoculations .... 282 Bacterium solanacearum (Peanut-wilt organism) . 153, 253.271 (See also Peanut wilt, Sumatra; Peanut wilt. United States; Peanut wilt, van Breda de Haan's.) comparison with tobacco and pepper organisms. 271 cultural characteristics 271 Fulton's work on 271 Honing's report of 153, 253 inoculations, on peanut 271 tobacco 271 (See also Peanut wilt. United States.) isolation 271 literature 271 morphology 271 similarity to, pepper-wilt organism 271 tobacco-wilt organism 271 stains, reaction to 271 Bacterium solanacearum (potato and tomato) 178, 193 (See also Peanut wilt; Solanaceae, brown rot; Tobacco, wilt diseases.) adds, effect of 200, 2 1 1 acid production, not detected 196, 200 aerobism, strict 196 African disease of potato. Odium's observations on 214 agar, browned by 195 alkali, production of 194, 196 Australian disease of potato and tomato, Tryon's observations on 207 Bacillus musae, similarity to 171 Bacillus nicotianae, synonym of 254 not wholly like 244 (See also "comparison, etc.") Bacillus phytophthorus, characters separating from 200 Bancroft, Malay States disease 211 bipolar staining of 267 Paos. Bacterium solanacearum (potato, tomato) — cont. brown stain, accompanying loss of vitality 199, 200 in form of streaks in stems 176, 185 nature of 194 production of 200 casein, no action on 194 ceU-wall, action on 191 Ceylon wilt-disease of tomato, Petch's 214 chains, seldom seen 193, 200 Cohn's solution, no growth in 197 Coleman, Mysore ring disease 212 colonies 195, 199 often dead when browned 199, 232 color 194 Comes, Italian disease of tomato 215 comparison with N. Am. tobacco organism . 230,231,234 comparison (Honing's) of Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism with Smith's and Uyeda's descrip- tions of Bact. solanacearum and Uyeda's de- scription of B. nicotianae . . 247, 248, 249,250, 251 (See also "relation, etc.") comparison (Smith's) with B. nicotianae 240, 241, 242, 243, 244 (See also "relation, etc.") cucumbers not rotted by 174 cultural characteristics 194, 199, 211 culture-media, growth on, effect on virulence 179 Delacroix, French disease of potato 214 dendritic growth, not characteristic 200 description of 193 diffusion from vessels 197 drying, sensitive to 282 Dutch ^ast Indian disease of tomato. Hunger's observations 209 (See Solanaceae, brown rot, Dutch East Indian disease.) Enghsh disease of potato 216 enlargements, local, due to 199 entrance into host 181 fermentation-tube experiments 196 field inoculations on large scale with 187 filaments rare 193 flagella 193 Florida potato-wilt organism, bipolar staining 267 drying, effect of 282 growth in, Cohn's solution 264 litmus milk with cream 264, 282 Meyer's solution plus ammonium salts 251, 282 asparagin 282 potassium nitrate plus sodium salts 282 sodium salts 251, 282 Uschinsky's solution 264 inoculations on peanut 282 tobacco 283 tomato (Livingston's Dwarf Aristocrat) 382 water-content of host, effect on inoculations 282 freezing, effect on 198, 199, 200 French potato disease, Delacroix's observations 214, 215 de Laharpe's observations 215 gas, not produced by 196, 200 Gram's stain, reaction to 198 Grand Rapids tomato disease, not due to 161 green fluorescence, not characteristic of 200 group number 200 growth on or in, acid bouillon 199 beef-agar, peptonized 195, 199 beef-bouillon, peptonized 194, 199 beef -bouillon, peptonized, plus sodium carbonate 194 blood serum, solidified 200 Digitized by Google 288 INDEX. Pao«. Bacterium soUmacearum (potato, tomato) — cont. growth, on or in— continued. Cohn's solution 197, 264 Dunham's solution 194 gelatin 195, 200 glycerin-agar, alkaline 196 Utmus-lactose agar 195, 200 litmus milk cream free 194. 200 plus cream (Florida potato organism) . . . 264, 282 Meyer's solution plus ammonium salts 251, 282 asparagin 282 potassium nitrate plus sodium salts 282 sodium salts 251, 282 urea and cane sugar 251 urea and grape sugar 251 milk 194, 200 nitrate bouillon 198, 199 peptone water 194 plus various sugars 196 potato cylinders, steamed 194, 196, 199, 200 potato-juice 196 silicate- jelly with Fermi's solution 197, 200 sugars 196, 199 sugar-beet agar 199 Uschinsky's solution 264 plus peptone 199 Honing's observations, host-plants 199 involution forms 194 Sumatran disease of Sesamum 218, 246, 253 host-plants 174* '99 (See also Peanut wilt; Tobacco, wilt-diseases.) Hunger's observations 181, 197, 209 incubation period 179 indd-production 198 infection, difficulty of producing with strains long-isolated. 1 79 effect of, dependent on, age of phmt 178, 180 moisture content 179, 182 rapidity of growth 178 temperature i79f 182 incubation period 179 through wounds 181, 182 (See also inoculations.) inoculations 174, 178, 179, 182, 205, 209, 210 feebly virulent strains 199 methods 178, 179, 190, 209, 210 needle-prick, single, result of 190 successful, strains used for 179 synopsis of 182 uncertainty of results 178, 179, 268 (See also infections.) inoculations on, Abutilon sp 186 Capsicum annuum 209 cucumber 183, 184, 185, 186 Cucurbita foetidissima 185 Datura comucopiae 186 Datura fastuosa 186 Datura metalloides 186 Datura stramonium 183, 184, 186 Datura tatula (?) 184 egg-plant 183 Eleusine indica 185 heliotrope 185 peanut 282 pear-tree (Japan) 183 Pelargonium zonale 183 pepino 183 peppCT 183 petunia 184 Physalis crassifolia 184 Physalis philadelphica 185 Paos. Bacterium solanaoearum (potato, tomato) — cont inoculations, on — continued. Portulaca oleraceae 185 potato. 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188,189 Blush variety 189 Burbank variety 187 Eariy Rose variety 187, 189 Gieen Mountain variety 188 Ridnus communis 185 Solanum carolinmse 183 Solanum dulcamara 186 Solanum nigrum 183, 184 tobacco. . . 183, 184, 186, 189, 190, 209, 230, 233, 282 tomato 179, 180, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187,188, 189, 190, 209, 210 green fruits 176 Honor Bright variety 188 Uvingston's Dwarf Aristocrat variety. . . 189, 283 Red pear variety 188 "^gna catjang 185 (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases.) involution forms 193, 194 isolation, difficulties of 178 Italian disease of tomato. Comes' observations 213 Voglino's observations 215 Iwanoff, Russian disease of potato 214 Japanese tobacco-wilt organism, relation to. . 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") killed by dry air 282 Kirk, New Zealand diseue of potato 207 lab-ferment 200 liquefaction, gelatin 195, 200 Loeffler's blood-serum 200 literature 218 litmus milk, effect on 194 local enlargements due to 199 longevity, on or in* agar 199 diy air 282 mflk 194, 200 steamed potato 198, 200 loss of virulence 188 Malay States disease, Bancroft's observations 211 Malkoff, disease of sesamum 216 milk, clearing of 194 morphology 193, 199 motiUty 193, 264, 268 Hutchinson's observations on 200, 265, 267 movement of bacteria in inoculated plants 179 New South Wales potato diseases, Helms' 207 New Zealand potato disease. Kirk's observations.. 207 Odium, African disease of potato 214 odor 197, 200 oxygen, free, necessary for respiration of 196 peanut, cause of disease in 271, 282 Fetch, Ceylon disease of tomato 214 pigment, action of dilute adds and alkalies on 194 produced by 194, 200 solubility of 194, 200 polar staining 267 pseudozoogloeae 193, 194 reduction of nitrates 198 relation to tobacco-wilt organism North America 230, 231, 234 Sumatra and Japan 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") resistant Solanum 182 r^sum^ of salient characters 199 ring disease of potato, Germany 166, 215 (See also Solanaceae, Brown rot, ring disease of potato, Germany.) ring disease of potato, Mysore 212 (See also Solanaceae, brown rot, ring disease of potato, Mysore.) Digitized by Google INDEX. 289 Pao«. Bacterium solanaoeanim (potato, tomato) — cont. Russian potato disease, IwanofTs observations. . . 214 sesamum, bacteriosis 218 (See also Solanaceae, brown rot, sesamum bacteriosis.) similarity to. Bacillus musae 171 tobacco-wilt organism (N. Am.) 230, 231, 234 tobacco-wilt organisms (Sumatra and Japan) 244,254 (See aiso "comparison, etc.") lack of, Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism in lit- mus milk with cream (Florida potato strain) . . 264 Spieckermann's potato-parasite, distinct from 167 spores, not seen 193, 200 spread of parasite in inoculated plant 179 stains, reaction to 193 starch, slight action on 192, 197 sugared fluids, browning of 19^ Sumatran tobacco-wilt organism, relation to. 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") Sumatran tobacco organism, variations from Florida potato organism in milk with cream.. 264 termo-like shape of 175* i99 thermal relations 198* 200 tissues attacked 175. 176, 191* I99 tobacco-wilt of Dutch East Indies, relation to. . . . 222 tobacco-wilt organism (N. Am.), like 230, 231, 234 tobacco-wilt organism (Sumatra), variation from Florida potato-wilt organism in litmus milk with cream 264 tobacco-wilt organisms (Sumatra and Japan) re- lation to 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") virulence, degrees of 199 effect on, of growth on culture media 179 loss of 179, 188. 268 viscidity, not marked I97. 200 Voglino, Italian disease of tomato 215 water-content of host, effect on inoculations 282 white substance surrounding colonies on agar. . . 199 wrinkled growth absent 200 Bacterium solanacearum (Sumatran tobacoo- wilt organism), American studies 263 add produced from cream in Utmus milk 264 browning of culture-media 263, 265 crystals 265 drying, effect of 282 flagdla 265, 268 Florida potato-wilt organism, dissimilarity in litmus milk with cream 264, 282 growth on or in, agarwith Bacillus subtilis 264 cream-free Utmus milk, plus 264 coconut oil 264 cottonseed oil 264 oUve oil 264 peanut oil 264 fermentation tubes 265 lactose not fermented by 264 litmus milk 263, 264, 265 litmus milk containing cream 264, 282 Meyer's solution plus ammonium salts 251, 282 asparagin 282 potassium nitrate plus sodium salts 282 sodium salts 251, 282 urea and cane-sugar 251 urea and grape sugar 251 milk 263 mineral solution with KNOg and glycerin . . 242 nitrate bouillon 265 nutrient gelatin 265 peptone water, plus sugars 265 glycerin 265 Pao<. Bacterium solanacearum (Sumatran tobacco) — cont. American studies — continued, inoculations, on peanut 282 tobacco 263, 265 tomato (Livingston's Dwarf Aristocrat) 282 liquefaction of gelatin 265 litmus wiillf bluing of 263, 264 reddemng of 263, 264 reduction of 264 motility, occurrence of 265, 268 nitrates, reduction of 242 pathogenicity 263, 265 similarity to North American tobacoo-wilt or- ganism, cream-free litmus milk 264 similarity to North American tobacco-wilt or- ganism, signs of disease 263 similarity, lack of, to Florida potato-wilt or- ganism in litmus milk with cream 264 similarity, lack of, to North American tobacoo- wilt organism in Utmus milk with cream. . . . 282 stains, reaction to 265 virulence, loss of 283 water-content of host, effect on inoculations . . . 38a Honins's studies 224* 244 (See also Tobacco, wilt-diseases, Honing's Suma- tran studies.) add, toleration of 256, 257 add-production 249 in litmus milk 248 adonite as carbon food 251, 252, 253, 257 aerobism 248 albumin as carbon-nitrogen food 250 alcohols, growth in 249, 251, 252, 253, 254 alkaU, production of 249 retarding effect of 257 toleration of 256, 257 alkali-production in Utmus milk 248 ammonia-nitrogen used by 251 ammonium salts as carbon food 253 ammonium salts as carbon-nitrogen food. . 250, 253 amount of inoculating material used in making cultures, effect of 258 arabinose as carbon food 251, 252, 253 asparagin as carbon-nitrogen food 250, 253 asparagin as nitrogen food 252, 253, 254, 257 asparagin plus glucose as food 251 asparagin plus saccharose as food 251 a^odated organisms 258 BadUus nicotianae, relation to 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") blackening of agar 248 gelatin. 248 potato slices 248 browning of beef bouiUon 247 capsules 247, 253 carbon, substances used as source of . 250, 25 1, 252, 253 carbon-nitrogen foods 250 253 chains in medium containing glycocoU and glucose 253 douding, time of, relation to number of bacteria used in inocidation 258 comparison of DeU strains with Ujreda's descrip- tions of B. nicotianae and Smith's and Uyeda's descriptions of Bacterium solana- cearum 247, 248, 249, 256, 251 (See also "relation, etc.") cultural characteristics 247 cultural differences in strains 250, 251, 252 dextrin as carbon food 251, 252, 253 diastase production 249 drjring, resistance to 249 duldt as carbon food 251, 252, 253 erythrite as carbon food 251, 252, 253, 257 Digitized by Google 290 INDEX. Pao«. Bacterium solanacearum (Sumatran tobacco) — cont. Honing's studies — continued. fat, formation of 249 fibrin of blood as carbon-nitrogen food 250 filaments in medium containing glycocoU and glucose 253 flagella 247 galactose as carbon food 251, 252, 253, 257 gas production 249 glucose, action on 249 glucose as carbon food 251, 252, 253 glucose plus asparagin as food 251 glucose plus potassium nitrate as food 251 gluten as carbon-nitrogen food 250 glycerin as carbon food 251, 252, 253 glycocoll as carbon-nitrogen food 250, 252 glycocoU as nitrogen food 252, 253, 254 glycogen as carbon source 249, 251, 252, 253 glycogen production 249 Gram's stain, reaction to 247, 253 growth in or on, add glycocoU-glucose solution 257, 258 agar 248 alcohols 249, 251, 252, 253, 254 alkaline glycocoll-glucose solution 257,258 asparagin-glycocoll-potassium nitrate solution plus glucose 257 plusmannose 257 asparagin-solution plus carbon foods 257 beef bouillon 247 fermentation tubes 248, 249 gelatin 247 hydrogen 248 litmus milk 248 Meyer's solution, plus ammonium chlorid plus glucose 251 ammonium chlorid plus glycerine 251 ammonitmi salts 250 asparagin plus carbon foods 252, 253 asparagin plus sodium salts 252, 253 ammonia plus carbon foods 253 carbon-nitrogen compounds 250 glycocoll plus carbon foods 252, 253 glycocoll plus glucose with variable reactions. 256 glycocoll plus mannose with variable reac- tions 256 potassium nitrate plus carbon foods. . . 251, 253 potassium nitrate plus sodium salts. . . 251, 253 milk 248, 253 monopotassium phosphate plus magnesitmi sulphate plus sodium chlorid plus potas- sium nitrate plus dextrin 250 glucose 250 glycerin 250 inuline 250 saccharose 250 sorbit 250 potassium nitrate solution plus carbon foods. 257 potato 248 sugars 249, 251, 252, 253, 254 urea solution plus glucose 257 plus mannose 257 growth under paraffin oil 248 guanine as carbon-nitrogen food 250 heat, resistance to 247 hemialbumose as carbon-nitrogen food 250 host-plants 226, 253, 254, 255, 282 (See also Inoculations.) hydrogen sulphide, production of 249 indol-production 249 inoculating culture media, number of bacteria used, effect 258 inoculating plants, number of bacteria used,eff ect 260 inoculations, Ageratum organism on tobacco .... 226, 244, 245 Pao8. Bacterium solanacearum (Sumatran tobacco) — cont. Honing's studies — continued, inoculations — continued. Djatti organism on Djatti plants 254 Nicotiana affinis 255 N. atropurpurea grandiflora 255 N. colossea 255 N. glauca 255 N. rustica 255, 256 N. sanderae 255 N. silvestris 255 ornamental and common tobacco 254, 255 Mucuna organism on tobacco 244 Pluchea organism on tobacco 244 Pouzolzia organism on tobacco 226, 244 tobacco organism on Capsicum 246, 253 Nicotiana affinis 255 N. atropurpurea grandiflora 255 N. colossea 255 N. glauca 255 N. rustica 255, 256 N. sanderae 255 N. silvestris 255 ornamental tobaccos 255 tobacco organism (?), on potato 245, 253 tobacco organism, on Pouzolzia 245 tobacco organism (?), on Sesamum orientale. ^53 on Solanun lycopersicum 253 tobacco organism, on Solantmi melongena 245, 253 on tobacco 225, 244 (?), 245, 255 inoculations, soil: tobacco organism on tobacco 225 inoculations, soil-water, on Ageratiun 245 Pouzolzia 245 tobacco 245 inosite as carbon food 251, 252, 253, 257 inulin as carbon source 251, 252, 253 isolation from Ageratum 226 Mucuna 226 Pouzolzia 226 tobacco 225, 246 Japanese tobacco-wilt organism, relation to . 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") lactose as carbon food 251, 252, 253 legumin as carbon-nitrogen food 250 leucine as carbon-nitrogen food 250 levulose as carbon food 251, 252, 253, 254, 257 lichenin as carbon source 251, 252, 253, 257 liquefaction of gelatin 247 literature 270, 271 litmus, reaction to (milk cultures) 248 litmus, reduction of 249 maltose, as carbon food 251, 252, 253 mannit, action on 249 as carbon source 251, 252, 253 mannose as carbon food 251, 252, 253, 257 maximum temperature 249 methylene blue, reduction of 249 morphology 246 variability in .^ 253 motility * 247 nitrate, reduction of 249. 253 nitrogen, substances used as source . . 250,251,252,253 nitrogen and carbon from one substance . . . 250, 253 nuclein as carbon-nitrogen food 250 number of bacteria, effect on growth in culture media 258 effect on progress of disease 260 odor 249 peanut wilt, cause of 153, 253 pellicle 247 peptone as carbon-nitrogen food 250, 253 Digitized by Google INDEX. 291 Paob. Bacterium solanaceanim (Sumatran tobacco) — cont. Honing's studies — continued, phenolphthalein, reaction to (milk cultures) . . . 248 physiological characters, variations in 253 physiology 247 polar staining 247, 253 potassium nitrate as nitrogen food . 250, 25 1 , 254, 257 potassitmi nitrate plus glucose as food 251 plus saccharose as food 25 1 potassium nitrite as nitrogen food 250 potato and tomato- wilt organism, relation to . . 244 (See also "comparison, etc.") protein as carbon-nitrogen food 250 quercit as carbon food 251, 252, 253 rafi&nose as carbon food 251, 252, 253 relation of tobacco-wilt organisms (Sumatra and Japan) and Bact. solanaceanim Smith described from potato and tomato 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") rhamnose as carbon food 251, 252, 253 saccharose, action on 249 as carbon food 251, 252, 253 plus asparagin as food 251 plus potassium nitrate as food 251 saprophjrtes, associated with 258 inhibiting action 259 similarity of tobacco-wilt organisms (Sumatra and Japan) and Bact. solanaceanim Smith, de- scribed from potato and tomato 244, 254 (See also "comparison, etc.") sodium salts as carbon food 251, 252, 253 sodium selenite, reduction of 249,253 sorbit as carbon source 251, 252, 253 spores 247, 253 staining of culture media 247, 248, 249 starch, action on 249 as carbon food 251, 253 strains, variability 244, 250, 251, 252, 257 sugars, growth in 249, 251, 252. 253,254 summary 253, 258 temperature relations 249 thennal death-point 249 tomato and potato-wilt organism, relation to . . 244 (See also "comparison, etc.") transmission of 254 tyrosin as carbon-nitrogen food 249, 250, 253 variability effect of alkalinity on 258 effect of light 258 effect of temperature 258 in carbon and nitrogen-compound tests ... 253, 256, 257. 258 in cultural characteristics .250,251,252,253,256,257 in milk 253 in toleration of acid 257 in toleration of alkali 257 in virulence 244 variations, transitory nature of 258 virulence, loss 253 Bacterium solanaceanim var. Asiaticum nov. var 282 Hunger's observations 222 Bacterium stalactitigenes, associated with Bact. solanaceanim in Sumatra 259 Bacterium stewarti 9M32 (See also, Com, Stewart's bacterial disease.) acids, toleration of certain 136, 144 acid fuchsin, effect of 140 add production 139. 142, i45 aerobism, pronounced 138 agar stabs, growth in 133 agar streaks 134 alkali produced 142 alkali, toleration of 138 Pack. Bacterium stewarti — continued. animals, no experiments with 144 asparagin, not a carbon food 145 cane-sugar favors growth 138 capsule 132 chains 132 chloroform, slight retarding effect of . . . . 143, 144, 145 colonies, appearance of 133 color on media 133, 134, 135, I37» 138 comparison with Apl. michiganense on potato .... 164 crystals 133, 142, 144 cultural characteristics 133 cytase, doubtful occurrence 142 description 132 dextrin, no increased gfrowth with 138 dextrose, increased growth with 142 diastase 142, 145 discoloration of bundles 16 discovery of organism 91 dissemination through infected seed 114, 127 dry air, resistance to 144 endospores not seen 132 enzymes 142, 145 ethyl alcohol, no acid from 139 fermentation tubes, growth in 138, 145 filaments 132 flagella, polar 91, 132 formalin, infected seeds treated with 128 galactose favors growth 138 gas production not seen 138, 145 gases other than air, behavior in 138, 139 gelatin not liquefied 133 germicides 142 glycerin, no acid from 139 no increased growth with 138 some acid from 139 Gram's stain 132 group number 145 growth on or in, acid beef-bouillon 136, 138, 141, 145 agar 133, 142, 144 agar in atmosphere of hydrogen 139 agar plus potassium formate and phenolphthalein 1 43 alcohols 139, 145 alcohol agars 139 alkaline beef-bouillon 138, 141, 144 alkaline beef-bouillon in vacuo 139 ammonium salts 140, 141 asparagin water 141, 144, 145 beef-bouillon in atmosphere of carbon dioxide . . 139 beef -bouillon in atmosphere of hydrogen . . 138, 139 beef-bouillon over chloroform 143, 144, 145 beef-bouillon concentrated and strongly acid. . . 136 beef-bouillon plus ethyl alcohol 139 beef-bouillon plus glycerin 139 beef-bouillon plus peptone 136, 144 beef-bouillon plus sodium chloride 138 cabbage-juice 136, 138, 144 cane-sugar 139, 142 cane-sugar plus asparagin 144 cane-sugar agar plus litmus 139 cane-sugar starch jelly 138 cane-sugar water 140, 141 cane-sugar water plus ammonium citrate 140 cane-sugar water plus ammonium lactate. . 140, 141 cane-sugar water plus ammonium tartrate . . 1 40, 1 4 1 cane-sugar water plus asparagin 140, 141 carbon dioxide i39f 145 carrot cylinders 142 carrot cylinders in vacuo 139 coconut cylinders I35» 142, 144 coconut cylinders in atmosphere of carbon dioxide 139 coconut cylinders in atmosphere of nitrogen 1 3 8, 1 45 coconut cylinders in vacuo 139 Cohn's solution 138, 140, 144 Digitized by Google 292 INDEX. Paob. Bacterium stewarti — continued, growth on or in — continued. dextrin starch jelly 138 dextrose agar plus litmus 139 distilled water plus dipotassium phosphate, mag- nesium sulphate, ammonium phc^phate and sodium acetate 137 Dunham's solution plus methylene blue 141 Dunham's solution plus rosolic add in atmos- phere of hydrogen 139 Dunham's solution plus rosoUc add and hydro- chloric add i39» ^45 Fermi's solution 138 galactose 139 galactose agar plus litmus 139 galactose starch jelly 138 gelatin 133. i44» i45 glyoerin agar 134 glycerin agar plus litmus 139 glycerin starch jelly 138 grape-sugar 139, 142 hydrogen 138, 145 lactose agar plus litmus 139 lactose starch jelly 138 litmus agars plus sugars 139 litmus inilk 137, i40» i45 Loeffler's blood-serum 133, 144, 145 maltose agar plus litmus 139 maltose starch jelly 138 lit 139 lit agar plus litmus 139 it starch jelly 138 milk 137.142, 145 mulberry agar 136 neutral beef-bouillon in atmosphere of hydrogen. 139 neutral beef -bouillon plus potassium formate. . 143 nitrate agar 133, 144 nitrate bouUlon 132, 138, 140 nitrate bouillon plus grape-sugar 138 nitrogen 138. 145 nutrient starch-jelly plus sugars 138 peptone water 144 peptone-water plus add fuchsin and hydrochlo- ric add 140 peptone water plus grape-sugar and methylene blue in an atmosphere of hydrogen 139 peptone water plus salt and indigo carmine .... 140 peptone water plus salt and rosolic add 139 peptone water plus salt and rosolic add in an atmosphere of hydrogen 139 peptonized beef bouillon 136, 144 potato broth 136, 144 potato broth plus malic add 136, 138 potato cylinders 134, 142, 144, 145 potato cylinders in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide 139 potato cylinders in an atmosphere of hydrogen . . 139 potato cylinders in vacuo 139 radish 135, 142 rutabaga 135. 142, 144 saccharose i39» 142 saccharose agar plus litmus 139 silicate jelly i34» "44 starch jelly plus sugars 138, 145 sugars 138, 139. 145 sugar agars 139 sugar starch- jellies 138 sugar-beet i35» i44 tomato juice 136, 138, 140, 141, 144, 145 turnip i35» 142, i44 turnip in atmosphere of nitrogen 138, 145 Uschlnsky's solution 132, 137, 140, 142, 143, 145 Uschinsky 's solution in atmosphere of hydrogen . 139 vacuo i39t 145 host-plants 89 hydrogen peroxide, seeds treated with 128 PAOt. Bacterium stewarti — continued. hydrogen sulphide, doubtful production of 142 ice box, growth in 143, 144 indigo carmine, effect of 140, 145 indol reaction 142, 144, 145 infected seed, treatment of 125, 127, 128, 146 inoculations 96 method, by needle punctures 113 by spraying 96, 97, 129 through water-pores 96, 111,112 on field com 93, 11 1, 112, 129 on oats 93 on pop-corn 93* 1 1 1 on sweet com 92, 96, no, 112, 129 Series I and II 96 Series I and II, detailed results 98 Series I and II, tabulated results 109 Series III-VII no Series III-VII. tabulated results in Series VIII and IX in Series X 112 Series XI-XV 121 Series XVI-XIX 125 Series XX-XXIV 128 Series XXV 129 Stewart's 91. 92 inversion of cane-sugar 142 invertase 142, 145 isolation attempted from infected kemds 124 isolation by direct transfer from diseased stems. . . 96 kernels penetrated by bacteria 114, 116, 130, 131 lab ferment 142, 145 lactic add, toleration of 144 lactose, no increased growth with 138 lesions produced 130 literature 147 litmus agars, behavior on 139 Loeffler's blood semm, not Uquefied by 133 malic add. toleration of 144 maltose, no increased growth with 138 mannit, no increased growth with 138 maximum temperature 143 mercuric chloride, seeds treated with. . . 125, 127, 128 methylene blue, vital staining with 132, 139, 145 milk, changes in 137, 140 minimum temperature experiments 143 mixed cultures 142 mixed infections 142 morphology 132, 144 motility 132 nitrates, not reduced by 145 nitrogen foods 141 nitrogen, no growth in 138 odor 135 organs invaded 131 oxygen, evolution of from hydrogen peroxide 142 parts of plant attacked 131 phenolphthalein, reaction of formate agar cultures . 1 43 pigments 142 polar flagella 9i> 132 potassium formate, effect of 143 potato starch, slight action on 142 potato streak cultures, appearance 135 pseudozoogloeae 132, 137, 143 reduction of litmus 137 reduction of nitrates 138 r^sum^ of salient characters 144 rosolic add, effect 139, 145 sodium chloride, marked toleration of 138, 145 stain in host-plant 16, 142 stains, reaction to 132, 144 starch, action on 134 sunlight, effect of 144 tartaric add, toleration of 144 temperature relations 143, 144, 145 Digitized by Google INDEX. 293 Pao«. Bacterium stewarti — coiitinued. 