None
Practical Forestry, by A. S. Fuller. Pub. by Orange-Judd Co. North American Forests and Forestry, by Ernest Bruncken. Pub. by G. P. Putnam & Sons. Practical Forestry, by John Gifford. Pub. by D. Appleton & Co. Scribner's Lumber and Log Book, by S. E. Fisher, Rochester, New York. Forestry in Minnesota, by Samuel B. Green. Geo. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minnesota. Forest and Water, by Abbot Kinney, Post Publishing Co. Report of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Division of Forestry, 1895. Reports of the Forest Commission of Maine, 1896. Reports of the Chief Forest Fire Warden, Minnesota. Report of the Clerk of Forestry for Ontario. Report of the Fisheries, Game, and Forest Commission of the State of New York. Sylva of North America, 12 vols. Prof. C. S. Sargent. Pub. by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Economics of Forestry, by Dr. B. E. Fernow. Pub. by Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. FOREIGN BOOKS. The Forester, 2 vols., by Brown & Nisbit. Pub. by William Black- wood & Sons. 818 A LIST OF THE BEST BOOKS ON FORESTRY. 319 Schlich's Manual of Forestry, 4 vols. Pub. by Bradbury, Agnew & Co. Forestry in British India, by B. Ribbentrop. Pub. by Government of India, Calcutta. Studies in Forestry, by John Nisbit. Pub. by Clarendon Press, Oxford. Our Forests and Woodlands, by John Nisbit. Pub. by J. M. Dent & Co., London. PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF FORESTRY AND OTHER U. S. DEPARTMENTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO STUDENTS. All of these bulletins and many other publications of the De- partment of Agriculture are very desirable for students of forestry and contain the best special work in their several lines. They are sent out free of charge. All from the Bureau of Forestry except as noted. Forest Influences, Bulletin No. 7. Report on the use of Metal Railway Ties and on Preservative Proc- esses for Wooden Ties, Bulletin No. 9. Timber Physics, Bulletin No. 8. Timber, Bulletin No. 10. Some Foreign Trees for the Southern States, Bulletin No. 11. The Timber Pines of the Southern United States, Bulletin No. 13. Nomenclature of Arborescent Flora of the United States, Bulletin No. 14. Forest Growth and Sheep Grazing, Bulletin No 15. Forestry Conditions and Interests of Wisconsin, Bulletin No. 16. Check List of the Forest Trees of the United States, Bulletin No. 17 Experimental Tree Planting in the Plains, Bulletin No. 18. Osier Culture, Bulletin No. 19. Measuring the Forest Crop, Bulletin No. 20. The White Pine, Bulletin No. 22. A Primer of Forestry, Bulletin No. 24, Gifford Pinchot. Forester. The Forest Conditions of Puerto Rico, Bulletin No. 25. Practical Forestry of the Adirondacks, Bulletin No. 26. Practical Tree Planting in Operation, Bulletin No. 27. The Big Trees of California, Bulletin No. 28. The Forest Nursery, Bulletin No. 29. A Working Plan for Township 40, Bulletin No. 30. Notes on the Red Cedar, Bulletin No. 31. 320 PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU OF FORESTRY. 321 The Woodsman's Handbook, Bulletin No. 36. Seasoning of Timber, Bulletin No. 41. The Woodlot, Bulletin No. 42. The Decay of Timber, Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin No. 14. Important Philippine Woods, by Capt. G. P. Ahern, Bureau of For- estry, Mania. Report of the Forestry Bureau, Philippine Islands, 1901. Forest Trees of North America, Prof. C. S. Sargent, Report of the Tenth Census. Forest Reserve Manual, F. Roth. Pub. by Dept. of the Interior. Forestry for Farmers, Farmers' Bulletin No. 67. INDEX. Abies, 273 amabilis, 274 balsamea, 273 concolor, 274 grandis, 274 magnifica, 275 nobilis, 275 Acacia, False, 298 Threethorn, 297 Accretion borer, 192 Accretion of forest, 180 Acer, 299 macrophyllum, 300 negundo," 300 rubrum, 300 saccharinum, 299 saccharum, 299 Aceraceae, 299 Act for prevention of forest fires in Minnesota, 257 Actual income, 246 J^sculus glabra, 301 octandra, 301 Agaricus melleus, 147 Alarm about destruction of forests, 241 Alkali soils, Occurrence, 18 Altimeter, 268 Amabilis Fir, 274 American Elm, 294 American Holly, 298 American Larch, 269 American Linden, 301 American Timber Trees, 260 Angle prism, 189 Annual rings, 161 Antiseptics, 236 Arboriculture, 13 Arborvitae, 277 Areas of circles. Table of, Ash, Black, 303 Blue, 303 Green, 304 Oregon,. 305 Red, 304 White, 304 Ash-leaf Maple, 300 Ash trees, Aspect, Effect on growth, 18 Aspen, American, 283 Large-tooth, 283 Assimilation, 8 Axe and saw in improv forests, 78 Bald Cypress. 275 Balm of Gilead, 283 Balsam Fir, 273 Bark, 2 Basal area, 171 Basket Oak, 291 Basket Willows, 79 Basswood, American, 301 White, 302 Baummesser, 191 Bean, Indian, 305 Beech, Blue, 286 Betula lenta, 286 lutea, 286 nigra, 285 papyrifera, 285. populifolia, 285 Betulaceac. Big Laurel, 296 Bigtree, 276 Birch, Black, 286 323 324 INDEX. Birch, Canoe, 285 Cherry, 286 Gray, 285 Paper, 285 Red, 285 River, 285 Sweet, 286 White, 285 Yellow, 286 Birch Family, 285 Birds, Injuries from, 137 Bitternut (Hickory), 281 Black Ash, 303 Birch, 286 Cherry, 297 Cottonwood, 284 Gum, 302 Oak, 292 Pine, 266 Spruce, 270 Walnut, 280 Blowing out of small seed- lings, 56 Blue Ash, 303 Beech, 286 B. M., 181 Board measure, 181, 186 Books on Forestry, 318-320 Borers, 135 Boucherie process, 238 Boxelder, 300 Box Oak, 289 Bristle-cone Pine, 268 Broken branches, 145 Browsing of deer, 137 Buckeye, Fetid, 301 Ohio, 301 Sweet, 301 Yellow, 301 Buds, 5 Buildings on a Farm, Location of, 56 Bull Pine, 265 Burnettizing wood, 239 Bur Oak, 289 Butternut, 280 California White Oak, 289 Calipers, 189 Callousing, 105 Canoe Birch, 285 Cants, 223 Canyon Live Oak, 291 Capital growing stock, 246 Capital in Wood, 246 Carpinus caroliniana, 286 Castanea dentata, 288 punila, 288 Castanopsis chrysophylla, 287 Catalpa catalpa~ 305 Common, 305 Hardy, 305 Speciosa, 305 Western, 305 Cattle, Injuries from, 137 Cedar Incense, 277 Port Oxford, 278 Red, 279 White, 277 Cedar Elm, 293 Cedar Pine, 265 Celtis occidentalis, 295 Chama?cyparis lawsoniana, 278 thypides, 278 Charring timber, 236 Chemical pulp, 221 Cherry Birch, 286 Cherry Black, 297 Chestnut, 288 Chestnut Oak, 290, 293 Chinook, 32 Chinquapin, Golden-leaf, 287 Chinquapin Oak, 290 Circles, Tables of areas of, 171 Clear plantings, 49 Climbers, 193 Coal-tar, 235 Coatings for wood, 235 Charring, 236 Coal tar, 235 Lime whitewash, 235 Oil paints, 235 Coffee-tree, 298 Coloring matter of wood, 231 Color of wood a test of dura- bility, 231 Common Catalpa, 305 Compass, 193 Conifers, raising from seed, 95 Conservation, Elements of, 35 Conversion of cubic feet to cords, 175 Cooperage, 219 Coppice, 73 INDEX. 325 Cork, Elm, 294 Cotton batting as protection against browsing, 139 Cotton gum, 302 Cottonwood, Black, 284 Seedlings of, 90 for fuel, 166 Fremont, 284 Xarrow-leaved, 284 Covering of tree seeds, 70 Cow Oak, 291 Creosote, 238 Creosoting process, 238 Crooked trees, Treatment of, 122 Cross-cut sawing, 222 Cross-sectional area, 167 Cross-staff head, 189 Cuban Pine, 264 Cubic feet, conversion into B. M., 174 Cubic feet in cord of firewood, 175 Cucumber-tree, 296 Cultivation, 55 Curing wood, 234 Curtis, Production of a hot wind, 42 Cutting of timber, time, 232 Cuttings, 101 Bunch of willow, 103 Cultivation of, 104 Form and size of, 102 Planting, 103 In solar pit, 105 Source of, 101 Time of planting, 104 Cypress, 275 " Bald, 275 Lawson's, 278 Damping off of conifers, 95 Dead oil, 238 Decay in wood, 145 Depth to cover seeds, 97 Dimick's Rule, 184 Diospyros virginiana, 303 Dissipation, elements of, 27 Distance between trees, 48 of trees from buildings, etc., 45 Distillation of wood, 220 Distribution of seeds, 7 of water, 36 Dominion Experiment Station, in Assiniboia, 32 Douglas Fir, 273 Douglas Spruce, 273 Doyle's Rule, 182, 185 Drouth, Injuries from, 144 Dry rot in wood, 230 Dry seeds, 93 Durability of wood, 231 Eastern Slope, Effect on growth, 19 Elm, American, 294 Cedar, 293 Cork, 294 Red, 295 Rock, 294 Slippery, 295 White, 294 Wing, 294 Elm tree, pruned, 126 Elms, 293 Engelmann Spruce, 271 Equipment of Forester, 187 Estimating standing timber, 181 European systems of forest management, 247 Evaporation from soil, 29 in winter, 11 Evergreen seed-bed, 96 seedlings, causes of failure of, 96 Evergreen, sowing seed, 96 Evergreens, transplanting, 96 Fagus atropunicea, 287 Farm woodlot, 7C Fence-posts, Table of dura- bility of, 234 Fetid Buckeye, 301 Fighting Fires, 154 Files, 193 Fir, Amabilis, 274 Balsam, 273 Douglas, 273 Great Silver, 274 Lowland, 274 Noble, 275 Red, 273, 275 White, 274 INDEX. Fire breaks, 153 Fireproof wood, 239 Fires in forests, 146 causes, 151 crown, 148 prevention, 152 spring, 150 summer and autumn, 150 surface, 148 underground, 148 Firs, 273 Flowers, 6 Foehn of Switzerland, 32 Fogs and clouds, 38 Food formation, 8 Forest, The, 13 Forest and pasture, 137 Forest economics, 241 Forest-fire law, 257 Forest fires, 146 Notable, 155 Forest floor, 17 Forest industries of Minnesota, 242 Forest influences, 21 on disposal of water supply, 22 on fogs and clouds, 38 on precipitation, 26 on water supplies, 27 on wind and hail storms, 37 Forest management, 244 Forest mensuration, 167 Forest planting, 70 Forest problems, 195 Forest protection, 134 Forest-pulled trees, 110 Forest regeneration and treat- ment, 61 Forest reservation and national parks, 250 Forest treatment, 61 Forest trees of the United States, 264 Forest, Virgin, 62 Forest weed, 76 Forestry requires capital, 244 Forestry vs. Lumbering, 252 Forests, windbreaking power of, 30 Form factor, 169 Foxtail Pine, 268 Fraxinus amencana, 304 Fraxinus lanceolata, 304 nigra, 303 oregona, 304 pennsylvanica, 304 quadrangulata, 303 Freezing and thawing, 139 Fremont Cottonwood, 284 Frozen plants, Treatment of, 132 Frost-cracks, 142 Frost, Injuries from, 142 Frost, hardy trees, 141 Frost, tender trees, 141 Fruit, 6. Fuel value of woods, 225 values, Table of, 227 Fungi in wood, 230 Fungus diseases, 146 Fungus, Shelf, 230 Gathering seeds, 87 Georgia Pine, 263 Germination of seeds, 87 Giant arborvitse, 277 Giant Sequoia, 276 Girdling by mice, 136 Glauber salts, 221 Gleditsia triacanthos, 297 Glossary, 307 Golden-leaf chinquapin, 287 Gophers, 132 Government supervision of for- ests in Germany, 249 Grades of nursery stock, 110 Graftage, 107 Gray Pine, 263 Great Silver Fir, 274 Green Ash, 304 Grindstone, 193 Group method, 66 Grove, 45 Growing stock of a forest, 173 Growth of trees an index to value of land, 19 Growth on muskegs, 15 Gum, Black, 302 Cotton, 302 Tupelo, 302 Gymnacladus dioicus, 298 Hackberry, 295 Hailstones, Forest influences on, 37 INDEX. 327 Hand axe, 193 Injury from late spring frosts, Hard Maple, 299 140 Hardy Catalpa, 305 Insects, Injuries from, 135 Heartwood, 3 Insects, boring, 135 coloration, 3 eating, 135 Heaving out by fro?t, 140 sawfly, 134 Heeling'in, 116 sucking, 135 Height accretion, 176 Instruments used in forest men- H right classes, 173 suration, 187 Heights of one-year-old seed- Interception of rainfall, 27 lings, 99 of water in forests, 27 Hemlock, Spruce, 272 Intolerant, 14 Western, 272 Investments in timber, 164 Hemlocks, 272 Investments, profits from, 164 Hickoria alba, 282 Iron railroad ties, 237 glabra, 282 Ironwood, 287 lacinosa, 282 minima, 281 Jack Oak, 289, 291, 292 ovata, 281 Jack Pine, stand of, 174 pecan, 281 Jack Pine, 263, 266 Hickorv, Pignut, 282 Jeffrey Pine, 266 Shagbark, 281 Jersey Pine, 265 Shellbark, 282 Juglans cinerea, 280 Hickorv Pine, 268 Juglans nigra, 280 Hinckley fire, 156 Honey Locust, 297 Juniper, Red, 279 Western, 279 Hop Hornbeam, 287 Junipers, 279 Hornbeam, 287 Juniperus occidentalis, 279 Hot Winds, 42 virginiana, 279 Hypsometer, 190 Kerf, 187 Ilex opaca, 298 Impregnation on Beechwood, 237 Impregnation methods for wood, 238, 239 King's experiments with wind- ' breaks, 31 Kniseley's experiments on evap- oration from trees in winter, Boucherie process, 238 11 Burnettizing process, 239 Kyanizing Process, 238 Creosoting process, 238 Kyanizing process, 238 Land broken by dragging logs, Zinc-Tannin process, 239 63 Improvment cuttings, 78 Larch, American, 269 Improvement of land in forests, Western, 269 9, 38 Larches, 269 Improving the woodlot, 79 Inarching, 107 Large-tooth Aspen, 283 Larix laricina, 269 Incense Cedar, 277 Larix occidentalis, 269 Income from forests, 245 Late spring frosts, 140 Income from game preserves, Laurel, Big, 296 248 Lawson's Cypress, 278 Increasing value of forests, 246 Lavers, 105 Influence of forests, 21 Leather board, 220 Injuries to trees, 134 Leaves, 5 328 INDEX. Leaves on conifers, Time they remain on trees, 6 Level, 187 Libocedrus decurrens, 277 Lice, 135 Life history of mature tree, 162 Light- demanding trees, 14 Limber Pine, 268 Lime whitewash, 236 Linden, American, 301 Lindens, 301 Liquidambar styraciflua, 297 Liriodendron tuliperifera, 296 Lists of trees for planting, 52 Live fence-posts, 205 Live Oak, 291 Live Oak, Canyon, 291 Loblolly Pine, 264 Location of buildings, 56 Locust, Honey, 297 Yellow, 298 Lodgepole Pine, 266 Log rule, 194 Longleaf Pine, 263 Lowland Fir, 274 Lumber industry in Minnesota, 242 Magnolia, acuminata, 296 f cetida, 296 Magnolia, Mountain, 296 Maple, Ash-leaved, 300 Hard, 299 Oregon, 300 Red, 300 Rock, 299 Silver, 299 Soft, 299 Sugar, 299 Swamp, 300 Maples, 299 Marking-pins, 193 Mass accretion, 176 Maul Oak, 291 Measurement of growing stock, 173 Measurement of logs and lum- ber, 181 Measurement of single trees, 167 Mechanical condition of land in forests, 16 Mechanical pulp, 221 Men employed in lumbering industries, 242 Methods of sowing, 63 of planting, 54 Mice, 136 Mineral substances, 9 Mining, 219 Miramichi fire, 155 Mirror hypsometer, 190 Mixed plantings, 50 list of trees for, 51 Mocker-nut Hickory, 282 Monterey Pine, 267 Mossy-cup Oak, 289 Moras rubra, 295 Mound layering, 106 Mound planting, 73 Mountain Magnolia, 296 Mulberry, Red, 295 Mulching, 126 Muskegs, Growth on, 15 Narrow-leaved Cottonwood, 284 New Hampshire Rule, 185, 186 Noble Fir, 275 Normal growing stock, 245 Normal income, 245 Norway Pine, 19, 262 Notable forest fires, 156 Hinckley, 156 Miramiche, 155 Peshtigo, 155 Nursery, 109 Soil and cultivation, 109 Work and practice, 109 Nursery stock, grades of, 110 Nursory stock, packing, 129 Nyssa aquatica, 302 sylvatica, 302 Oak, Basket, 291 Black, 292 Box, 289 Bur, 289 California white, 289 Canyon Live, 291 Chestnut, 290, 293 Chinquapin, 290 Cow, 291 Iron, 289 INDEX. 329 Oak, Jack, 291, 292 Pine, Hickory, 268 Live, 291 Jack, 266, 263 Maul, 291 Jeffrey, 266 Mossy-cup, 289 Jersey, 265 Pin, 293 Limber, 268 Post, 289 Quercitron, 292 Loblolly, 264 Lodgepole, 266 Red, 291, 292 Longleaf, 263 Rock, 290 Monterey, 266 Rock Chestnut, 290 Norwav, 262 Scarlet, 292 Old Field, 264 Spanish, 292 Pitch, 263 Spotted, 293 Red, 262 Stave, 288 Rock, 266 Swamp, 290, 293 Tanbark, 293 Scrub, 265 Shortleaf, 264 Water, 293 Silver, 267 White, 288, 289 Slash, 264 Yellow, 292 Spruce, 265, 268 Oaks, 289 Sugar, 267 Odors of decaying wood, 230 Tamarack, 266 Ohio Buckeve, 301 Torch, 283 Old Field Pine. 264 Western White, 267 Oregon Ash, 305 Wevmouth, 262 Oregon Maple, 300 Osier Willows, 79 White, 262, 268 Yellow, 264, 265 Ostrya virginiana, 287 Pine cuttings after being burned over, 71 Pacific Yew, 279 Pinus aristata, 268 Packing nursery stock, 128 balfouriana, 268 Packing material, 129 divaricata, 263 Packing injuries, 117 echinata, 264 Paper Birch, 285 flexilis, 268 Paper pulp, 220 Pecan, 281 Persimmon, 303 glabra, 265 heterophvlla, 264 jeffrevi, 266 Peshtigo fire, 155 lambertiana, 267 Picea canadensis, 271 monticola, 267 engelmanni, 271 murrayana, 266 mariana, 270 palustris, 263 rubens, 270 ponderosa, 265 sitchensis, 271 ponderosa scopulorum, 266 Pignut Hickory, 282 radiata, 267 Pin Oak, 293 resinosa. 262 Pine, Black, 266 rigida, 263 Bristle-cone, 258 strobus, 262 Bull, 265 taeda, 265 Cedar, 265 virginiana, 265 Cuban, 264 Pit, Solar, 105 Foxtail, 268 Pitch Pine, 263 Georgia, 263 Plans for home grounds, 45 Gray, 263 Planting, Methods of, 54 330 INDEX. Planting seedlings, Successive steps in, 116 Planting to renew timber growth, 70 Plantanus occidentalis, 297 Plum, Wild, in groves, 51 Pocket gopher, 136 Pollarding, 73 Poplar, 283 Populus, angustifolia, 284 balsamifera candicans, 283 deltoides, 284 fremontii, 284 grandidenta, 283 tremuloides, 283 trichocarpa, 284 Port Oxford Cedar, 278 Possibilities of yield of our forest area, 243 Post Oak, 289 Prairie planting, 44 Prairies, Why treeless, 39 Pressler's tables of relative diameters, 178 Price of fuel, 242 Profit from land stocked with small timber, 164 Profits from timber by seeds, 84 Propagation, 84 by cuttings, 73 by division, 84 by layers, 105 Protection by windbreaks, 46 to buildings, 45 to crops by windbreaks, 46 Pruning, 118 Directions for, 119 of forest trees, 75 Purpose of, 118 Time for, 118 Prunus serotina, 297 Pseudotsuga taxifolia, 270 Puddling, 129 Quarter sawing, 224 Quercitron Oak, 292 Quercus acuminata, 290 alba, 288 chrysolepis, 291 coccinea 292 densi flora, 293 digitata, 292 Quercus lobata, 289 macrocarpa, 289 michauxii, 291 minor, 289 nigra, 293 palustris, 293 platanoides, 290 prinus, 290 rubra, 291 velutina, 292 virginiana, 291 Rabbits, Injuries from, 136 Rainfall, Height of water table in the land, 40 Raising coniferous trees, 95 Rate of growth, 175 of growth of coniferous seedlings, 97 of increase in timber, 160 of standing timber, 192 Red Ash, 304 Red Birch, 285 Red Cedar, 279 seeds of, 95 Red Elm, 295 Red Fir, 273, 275 Red Juniper, 279 Red Maple, 300 Red Mulberry, 295 Red Oak, 291, 292 Red Pine, 262 Red Spruce, 270 Redwood, 276 Regeneration by artificial seed ing, 67 by coppice, 73 bv group method, 65 by natural seeding, 63 by planting, 70 by selection, 64 by sowing in patches, 68 by strip method, 65 by sprouts and suckers, 73 Rest period in plants, 11 Ripening of wood, 10 River Birch, 285 Robinia pseudacacia, 298 Rock Chestnut Oak, 290 Rock Elm, 294 Rock Maple, 299 Rock Oak, 290 INDEX. 331 Rock Pine, 266 Root growth, Extent of, 4 Root formation (Figure 2), 4 Roots, 3 Roots on a forest-grown elm, 121 Rotation, Time of, 74 Rot in wood, 230 Run-off of water, 36 Russell's experiments, Effect of wind on evaporation, 30 Sample acre, 174 Sample tree, 173 Sand dunes, 156 Sapwood, 3 Saw, 193 Sawflies, Injuries from, 135 Sawing methods, 222 Scaling, 182 Scarlet Oak, 292 Schrenk, Dr. C. A., article by, 210 Scratcher, 193 Scribners Rule, 183, 184 Scrub Pine, 265 Second growth, 12 Seed, The, 6 Evergreen, bed, 95 Seeding of timber lands, 63 Seeding trees, 1 Seedlings, Green Ash, 110 Variations, 86 Height of one-year-old, 99 Seeds, 6, 84 a'mount to use, 97, 98 classified, 90 coniferous tree, 94 covering, 97 Distribution of, 7 dry, 93 fleshy -covered, 93 Gathering, 87 Germination of, 87 Leguminous tree, 94 Nut, 94 Number per pound, 98 Ripening in August, 92 Ripening in spring and early summer, 90 Sources of, 84 Sowing, 92 Storing of, 92 Stratification of, 88 Seeds, Variations from, 86 Seed variations, 86 Seed years, 63 Selection method, 64 Sequoia, Giant, 276 Sequoia gigantea, 276 sempervirens, 276 Shade-enduring trees, 14 Shagbark hickory, 281 Shapes of trees, 7 Shellbark hickory, 282 Shelterbelt, 45 Shelterbelts, plans of, 58, 59 Ship-building, 219 Shortleaf Pine, 264 Silver grain, 224 Silver Maple, 299 Silver Pine, 267 Sitka Spruce, 271 Size of trees, 54 Slash Pine, 264 Sleet storms, Injuries from, 144 Trees after, 142 Slippery elm, 295 Slope, effect on growth of, 19, 20 Snow crust, Injuries from, 144 Soft maple, 299 pruned and unpruned, 125 Soil conditions, 15 Soil, Improvement of, in wood- lands, 9 Soils, Alkali, 18 Relation of trees to, 15 Washing of, 17 Solar pit, 105 Sources of seeds, 84 Southern slope, Effect on growth, 19 Sowing seed, 92 Spanish Oak, 292 ' Spotted Oak, 293 Spring frosts, Injuries from, 142 Spring growth of wood, 140 Spruce, Black, 270 Engelman, 271 Red, 270 Sitka, 271 White, 271 Spruce Pine, 265, 268 Spi jces, 270 Stave Oak, 288 332 INDEX. Steel chain, 187 Steel tape, 187 Storing seeds, 88, 89 Straightening streams with wil- lows, 208 Stratification, 88 Street trees, 110, 112, 122 distance apart, 123 kinds to plant, 123 Mulching, 126 Planting, 123 Protection, 127 Pruning, 126 Setting, 124 Success with, 122 Watering, 126 Strip method, 65 Subsoil, 17 Succession of tree growth, 62 Sugar Maple, 299 Sugar Pine, 267 Sulphite process, 221 Sunscald, 144 Small dead twigs as a protec- tion against, 75 Sunscalded soft Maple and Basswood, 144 Surveyor-general of logs and lumber, 182 Swamp Maple, 300 Swamp Oak, 290, 293 Sweet Birch, 286 Sweet Buckeye, 301 Sweet Gum, 297 Sycamore, 297 Sylviculture, 13 Tables: Areas of circles, 171 Compound interest, 172 Diameter growth, 166 Doyle's Rule, 185 Durability of fence-posts, 234 Height, growth, 176 Height of one-year-old seed- lines, 99 Length of time leaves of coni- fers are persistent, 6 Percentage of the logs, 187 Pressler's relative di 178 Scribner's Rule, 183 iameters, Tables: showing durability of fence- posts, 234 Specific gravities and fuel values of wood, 229 Tabular list of timber trees, 264 Tally-board, 189 Tallyman, 189 Tamarack, 269 Tamarack Pine, 266 Tanbark Oak, 293 Tangential sawing, 223 Taxes on timber lands, 248 Taxodium distichum, 275 Taxus brevifolia, 279 Tendency to perpetuate quali- ties, 86 Tensile strength of wood com- pared with iron, 217 Tent caterpillars, 135 Thinning, 56, 76 Through and through sawing, 223 Thuja occidentalis, 277 plicata, 277 Tilia americana, 301 heterophylla, 302 Timber, Curing of, 234 Timber famine, Possibility of a, 241 Timber lands, Management of. 244 Taxes on, 248 Toadstool root fungus, 147 Tolerant, 14 Transit, 187 Transpiration, 8, 11, 33 Transplanting, 111 Evergreens, 114 Time of, 113 Transplants, 110 Treatment of crooked trees, 122 Tree, The, 1 Tree claim, A good, 50 Tree growth, 8 Effect of slope and aspect on, 18 Trees grown from seeds, 84 Trees, Cultivation of, 61 Trees, Reproduction of de- sirable, 86 INDEX. 333 Tree growth affected by light conditions, 13 Influences of a, 21 Tree planting, 44 Tree planting on prairies, 44 Trees for mixed plantings, 50 List of, 51 Trees protect one another, 14 Shape of, 7 Triangulation, 168 Tsuga canadensis, 272 mertensiana, 272 Tulip tree, 296 Tupelo, Gum, 302 Ulmus alata, 294 americana, 294 crassifolia, 293 pubescens, 295 racemosa, 294 Undergrowth in forests, 16 Unproductive forest land, 247 Uses of wood, 217 Value of forest industries of Minnesota, 242 Variations from seeds, 86 Virgin forest, 62 Volume of felled tree, 170 of standing timber, 167 of standing tree, 169 Wahoo, 294 Walnut Family, 280 Walnut, Black, 280 White, 280 Washing of soils, 17 Waste in forests, 77 Water, amount transpired, 33 Water capital, Circulating, 23 Water capital, Fixed, 23 Water, conservation of, 35 Water discharged by Rhone, 24 Water, Distribution of, 24 Water lost by trees in winter, amount, 11 Water Oak, 293 Water supplies, forest influences on, 15, 22 Water supply in soils, 15 Water table in land, Height of, 40 Western Catalpa, 305 Western Hemlock, 272 Western Juniper, 279 Western Larch, 269 Weymouth Pine, 262 White Ash, 304 White Basswood, 302 White Birch, 285 White Cedar, 277, 278 White Hm, 294 White Fir, 274 White Maple, 299 White Oak, 288, 289 White Pine, 262, 267, 268 Crowded and then open« grown, 162 Largest cut in Minnesota, 160 Largest yield in Minnesota, 160 Open-grown, 164 White Spruce, 271 White Walnut, 280 White Willow, Injured by saw- fly, 134 Whitewash, 236 Why prairies are treeless, 39 Willow Family, 283 for fuel, 165 Willow, Rate of increase, 165 Windbreaking power of forests, 30 Windbreaks of White Willow, 135 Windbreaks, 45 Height of, 46 Location of, 58, 59 Protection to crops, 31, 32 Trees, for, 47 Wind injuries, 143 Wind storms, Forest influences on, 37 Winds, hot, 42 Wing Elm, 294 Wintering acorns and other nute, 89 Winter injuries, 139 Wood and its uses, 217 Wood, Durability of, 230 Woodenware, 217 Woodlot, 78 Wood pulp and distillatioq products, 220 334 INDEX. Wood structure, 222 Wood-working industries of Minnesota, 242 Wood and iron compared, 217 Wood, uses in car-making, 219 in carpentry, 219 in cooperage, 219 in joinery, 219 jn lumbering, 220 in manufacturing of ma- chinery, 220 in mining, 220 in railways, 219 in ship-building, 219 in telegraph poles, 220 is made up of cells, 222 Methods of sawing, 222 Wood, Curing of, 234 Working plan, 180 Woody stem cross-section, 2 Yearly rourd of life in a tree, 10 Yellow Birch, 286 Buckeye, 301 Locust, 298 Oak, 292 Pine, 264, 265 Yew, Pacific, 279 Young foliage eaten by stock, 137 Young growth injured in log- ging, 75 Zinc-Tannin process, 220 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below DEC 3 APR ^ 3 192* **''*> 29 19; \m' Form L-9-15??i-il,'2' UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILI1 I III II III I I II I A 001 138048 2. 