None
74, 96, 142; moose in, 32; number of moose killed, 46; game law, 52; increase in num- ber of moose, 32, 46; antlers, 186-187, 189; deterioration in antlers, 170; crust hunting in, 141 ; hunting from motor vehi- cle, 379, 380; Katahdin National "Park, proposed, 365 Malignant anthrax, 73 : : 305 Mammoth and the moose, 260- 261, 272 Manitoba, 35, 54, 55, 239, 345, 378, 386; game law, 52; number of moose killed, 46-47; white clothing for hunters, 47; ant- 394 INDEX lers, 183; big-game refuges, 362; moose attacked by parasites, 374-375 Marrow as food, 211 Martenson, A., 309, 323 (note); European elk identical with moose, 58; elk range, 290 (note) ; number of elk in Europe and Asia, 291-292; decrease in some parts of Russia, 297, 330; age of elk, 301; elk migrations, 304; insect pests, 306-307; elk calling in Russia, 328; crust hunting in Russia; 331; antlers, 334, 335, 340-343; Alces bedfordice, 344- 345 ; yearly kill of elk in Russia, 385 Massachusetts, 13, 23, 35 McCutcheon, R. R., moose ant- lers, 182 Measurement of moose, 64-67; of antlers, 190-194, 358-359 Menomini Indian myths, 255- 257 Merriam, Dr. C. H., quoted, 34 Michigan, moose in, 36, 365-367; in 1834, 29 Micmac myths, 249-251 Migration of moose, 3, 39-40, 42 : : 289, 304-305 Millais, J. G., European elk ant- lers, 339; British Columbia antlers, 357; Alberta antlers, 358 Miller, G. Nepisiguit River, N. B., antlers, 187,359; game refuge, 364-365 New Brunswick, 54, 67, 75, 98, 165, 175, 199, 248, 370, 380, 381; moose in, 32; game law, 52; number of moose killed, 48; increase in number of moose, 32, 362; size of moose, 60, 67 (note); antlers, 187-189, 359- 360; Provincial game refuge, 362, 364; story of racing moose, 376-377 Newfoundland, 155, 369; attempt to stock with moose, 38 (note), INDEX 395 370-371; danger of inbreeding, New Hampshire, 54, 55; last moose in, 33 "New Netherland, Game in," 19-21 New York, 19-20, 33~35, 53, 54, New' Zealand, 382; moose released in, 367-369 Newton, E. T., fossil antlers in Thames valley, 385-386 Niedieck, P., moose antlers, 180; an adventure on Kenai Penin- sula, 96 Night, moose active at, 89 Night hunting, 145-14?, 379 "332 Northern boundary of moose's range, 38-39 :: 288-289 Northwest Territories, 55, 80, 202; moose in, 48; game law, 52 ; increase in number of moose, 39, 362 Norway, 316, 317, 377, 3?8; Pon- toppidan's description of elk, 280; elk in, 290, 291, 296; hunt- ing regulations, 296, 298; elk in harness, 308; hunting with dog, 319, antlers, 338, 382; large antlers of Trondhjem, 381-382; elk kill in war-time, 384. See Scandinavia Nova Scotia, 7-8, 54, 55, 85, 90, 104, 128, 165, 218, 248, 370; moose in, 32 ; game law, 52 ; pro- tection of cow moose, 228-229; number of moose killed, 49; increase in number of moose, 49; moose rarely yard, 98; ant- lers, 189, 360; wild land in, 221; removal of meat from the woods 230; Micmac myths, 249-251; game refuges proposed, 365 Number of elk — East Prussia, 293; Russia, 292; Scandinavia, 291. Increase in number, 289; East Prussia, 293; Finland, 291-292; Norway, 290-291. Decrease, Russia, 297, 330 Number of moose, estimated — in America, 40; Alaska, 43-44; Yellowstone Park, 38, 51, 363; Wyoming, 51; Minnesota, 37, 364; Ontario, 364; Saskatche- wan, 50. Increase in number, 361-365; Maine, 32, 46; Michi- gan, 365-366; Yellowstone Park, 38, 51, 363; Wyoming, 51; Alaska, 39, 42-44, 362; New Brunswick, 32, 362; Nova Scotia, 49; Ontario, 361 ; British Columbia, 362; Yukon, 362; Northwest Territories, 39, 362 Nuremberg, elk antlers in, 276 October Mountain preserve, 35-36 Oken, Lorenz, quoted, 305, 354 Old moose, antlers of, 174 (illus- tration), 360 "341 Olympic National Forest, 371-372 Onager, a name for elk, 242, 280 Ontario, 30, 53, 54, 55, 66, 239, 378; hunting in, 49; game law, 52; antlers, 184-186; increase in number of moose, 361; big- game refuges, 362-364 Orenac, Basque name for moose, 238 Orignac, orignal, origin of name, 238 Osbom, Prof. H. F., quoted, 3, 4, 244 Osborn, J. B., moose antlers, 193 Osgood, W. H. quoted, 121 Ottawa River, 140 (note), 214 Over-stocking, effect of, 378, 382 Palmation, measurement, 191 Pan broiling, 208 Paper cutters of dewclaw bones, 200 Parasites which attack moose, 374-375::305-307 Passamaquoddy myth concerning creation, 247 Patapedia Lakes, Quebec, antlers, 358 Pausanius, mentions the elk, 240 Peace River, large antlers, 358 Peeling bark, 87, 107 Pennsylvania, fossil remains of moose, 372; moose in historic times, 372-373 Penobscot belief concerning origin of moose, 249 Percival, H. C., moose antlers, 184 Perrot, Nicolas, moose driving by dogs, 135 Photographing game, 145-146 396 INDEX Pictou, Joseph, Nova Scotia moose antlers, 360 Pike, Warburton, quoted, 357 Pitfalls, used by Indians, 1 1 ; in Europe, 330, 332 Place names derived from moose, 53-55, 372-373 Playfulness of elk, 310, 312 Pliny, his name for elk, 241; de- scription, 275 Poachers, 364 :: 297-298, 331-333, 384 Poland, fossil elk antlers, 336; extinction of elk in, 285 Pomet, Pierre, elk hoofs in medi- cine, 349-350 Pontoppidan, description of elk, 280 Pottinger, Sir Henry, 160, 320, 327; increase of elk in Norway, 290-291 ; size of elk, 300 Pounding on a tree in calling, 130 Prehistoric hunters, 132 Preserves of moose, private, 35, 36, 72-73; public, 37, 38, 361- 366, 372 Prichard, see Hesketh- Prichard Prince Edward Island, 27, 251, (note) Prongs, how counted, 190, 191 Propagation of moose, 72-73, 361- 365 Protective legislation, 41, 52, 227- 231, 361-365 Purchas, "Pilgrimes," quoted, n- 12 Quebec, 54, 78, 237; moose in, 39; hunting in, 50, game law, 52; antlers, 186, 358; big-game refuges, 362, 364 Quetico Provincial Reserve, On- tario, 362-364, 378, 382 Racing moose, 376-377 Radclyffe, Capt., 178 (note); stalking moose, 316-317 Radisson, moose hunting, 26 Rand, Rev. S. T., an Indian myth, 250-251 Range of moose, 32-52, 226, 367 :: 288-290; Montanus quoted, 20-21 ; Judge Dudley, 24; Cham- plain, 25; Sagard-Theodat, 25; Radisson, 26; Denys, 26-27; iQ Michigan, 29; in Newfound- land, 370-371; in New Zealand, 367-369 Rasle, Fr., slaughter of moose, 28; Abnaki dictionary, 237 (note), 265, 267, 268 Record spread, moose antlers, 177 "Red deer," in America, 239 Red deer (Cervus elaphus], 167, 170, 195,237,239,342,382 Reed, A. S., moose antlers, 178, 182, 357 Reed-McMillan collection, 178 Refuges, for game, 361-365 Removal of meat from the woods, 229-231 Renous River, N. B., antlers illus- trated, 14, 68, 174 Restigouche River, N. B., antlers, 359 Restocking moose range, 371-372 Rhine, former home of elk, 276, 337 Rhoads, S. N., quoted, 372 "Riding down" saplings, 87 Riding Mountains, Man., 375 Riding Mountain Preserve, 363 Riggs, Gov., estimates of moose in Alaska, 43-44 Rinderpest, 73 "305 Roast haunch of moose, 209 Rock carving of elk, 273 Rocky Mountains, 37, 54, 64, 81 (note), 1 80, 183, 217; an Indian myth, 257-260; antlers, 358 Rocky Mountain Park, Alberta, 362 Roosevelt, T., encounter with a vicious moose, 78-80 Ross, B. R., Indian uses for moose products, 202-203 Rungius, C., moose called by, 121 Russell, Lazare, New Brunswick moose antlers, 359 Russia, elk in, 288-290; number, 292, 297, 330; hunting regu- lations, 296-298; stalking, 318; hunting with dog, 320-322, 326; elk drives, 322-326; "cir- cling," 325; calling, 327-329; pitfalls, 330; antlers, 334-335, 339, 344-345; elk in captivity, 14, 309-315; tribute paid in elk skins, 285; elk migrations, INDEX 397 304-305; weight of elk, 300; yearly kill of elk, 385; elk in war-time, 384-385 Rutting season, 8 1 -83 : : 302 ; growth of antlers associated with, 81, 172, 173 Saddle, objection of elk to, 314 (note) Saguenay River, 9, 16-17 St. Croix River, moose hunting on, 6 St. John River, moose driven on ice, 75, 376-377 St. Lawrence River, 5, 6, 28, 30- 3i, !37 Sale of game, 48, 73, 228 Saskatchewan, 39, 54, 55; game law, 52; number of moose killed, 50; white clothing for hunters, 47; antlers, 358; big- game refuges, 362 ; moose taken to New Zealand, 368 ; moose at- tacked by parasites, 374-375 Scandinavia, 332, 339; boundaries of elk range, 288-290; num- ber of elk in, 291; size of elk, 300, 382; antlers, 334-335, 344, 382 ; elk killed in war-time, 384-385 Scent of moose, 93 Schoolcraft, 29; Indian myths, 250 Scientific names for the moose, 56-62, 236-243 Scotland, fossil remains in, 386 Scott, Prof. W. B., quoted, 4 Seasons for moose hunting, 41, 52 :: 296; for calling, 120, 122 Selous, F. C., 65 (note), 122; adventure with a sleeping moose, 95; moose antlers, 182 Seton, E. T., 184 (note), 345, 386; number of moose in America, 40; area required by moose, 378 Seymour, Gov. Horatio, 33 Shaw, Otho, moose antlers, 184 (note) Shedding antlers, time of, 171 :: 341-342 Shiras, Hon. George, 3d, 60 (note), 378; moose on Yellowstone River, 38; adventure with cow moose, 94-95; jacking, 146; cast antlers found, 171; moose of Yellowstone Park, 172 (note) ; on increase in number of moose, 361-362; causes of antler de- velopment on the Kenai, 382- 383 Shiras, moose, 60 (note) Shoemaker, H. W., quoted, 373 Shoepacks, in hunting, 162 Shoshone State Game Preserve, Wyoming, 362 Shoulder blade of moose, used in calling, 131 Siberia, 320; ancient home of moose, 271, 343-344; elk in, 288; elk migrations, 304; peas- ants' hunting methods, 330-332 ; antlers, 334-336, 343~344 Sight, sense of, in moose, 90 Sinews, Indian uses for, 202-203 Size of moose, 60, 6^-67: 1281- 282, 300; signs indicating size, 108; compared with Irish elk, 244 Skins of elk, formerly considered bullet-proof, 284 Skins of moose in trade, 16-17, 27» 301:292; as leather, 14-15, 28, 20 1, 203 "284-286 Skrowronnek, Dr. P., elk in East Prussia, 293-294; elk as swim- mers, 303 Skull of moose, 88 Sledge drawn by elk, 308 Sleeping moose, Selous' adventure with, 95 Small-bore rifles, 1 53 Smell, sense of, in moose, 93 Smoked moose meat, 16, 18 Snares, used by Indians, n, 136; in Nova Scotia, 137 (note) ; in Siberia, 330 Snowshoes, ancient, 138-140 South Dakota, introduction of moose in, 372 Southern hemisphere, moose in, 367-3.69 ' ' Speaking bull, " 1 26 : : 32 7-329 Species of moose, 56-62 "Spitzer" bullet in hunting, 156, 380-381 Spread of antlers, 190, 191; not the only test of quality, 193 Springfield rifle in hunting, 380- 38i Stalking, see Still-hunting Steak, broiling, 208 INDEX Stella, Erasmus, quoted, 20, 355 Stewing moose, 209; stewed muffle, 216 Still-hunting, 99-119, 316-318: compared with calling, 100; need of vigilance, 101; windy day favorable, 105; special caution at midday, 106; tracks, 1 06; browsing and peeling, 107; hunting in pairs, 107; the hu- man scent in tracks, 108; signs indicating size, 108; teeth marks on trees, 109; indications of sex, no; hunting against the wind, no; hunting with the wind, 112; hunting out a yard, 114; importance of seeing the head, 115; possible mistakes, 1 16; be sure your moose is dead, 118; when walking is noisy, 148 Stone, A. J., 81, 96, 118, 121, 131, 226; moose not in danger of extermination, 32 ; measurement of Alaska moose, 64 Stuck, Dr., quoted, 56, 221 (note) Superior National Forest and State Game Refuge, 37, 362, 363, 378, 382 Sweden, elk in, 290, 291, 295-296; elk in harness, 307-309; hunt- ing with dog, 320; elk drives, 326-327; calling by violin, 329; antlers, 337, 339; elk kill in war-time, 384. See Scandi- navia Swimming by moose, 75 : : 303 Switzerland, elk in, 276 Tail of moose, 69 Taming moose, 71 Tanana River, Alaska, 42, 363; moose increasing, 44 Tannin in food of moose, 72 Tanning moose skins, 201 Tansy, elk fond of, 310 Taxidermy, 194-198 Teeth of the moose, 88-89, IO9 Temagami Forest Reserve, 185 Teton State Game Preserve, Wyo- ming, 362 Thames valley, fossil antlers, 385- 386 Thompson-Seton, See Seton Thoreau, 164, 246; Indian myths, 249 Ticks which infest moose, 374-375 : : 306-307 Timber not destroyed by moose, 224, 365 Timber line, 180; boundary of moose range, 38 1:288 Tobique River, N. B., 187, 365 Tongue of moose, 18, 211 Topham, Anne, the Kaiser's elk hunt, 294-295 Tracking moose, 106 Trade in moose skins, 16-17, 27, 30-292 Traits and habits of moose, 63-98 -300-315 Trondhjem, Norway, 290, 384; large antlers secured, 381-382 Tropics, journey of moose through, 368-369 Ural Mountains, 288, 289, 304, 331 Utilization of meat required by law, 230 Van Dyke, T. S., quoted, 159 Velvet on antlers, 172, 360 Venison, includes moose meat, 204; especially adapted for invalids, 205; its commercial importance, 222-223, 225-226 Vermont, 54, 55; last moose in, 33, 373-374 Vienna, International Sportsmen's Exhibition, 170, 179, 337 Violin as an elk call, 329 Virginia deer, 28, 33, 46, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 76, 80, 84, 115, 224, 369; migration from Asia, 4; first met by colonists, 237 Vitality of wounded moose, 118- 119, 160 "Walking down" a moose, 142 Wallow, 83 Wapiti, 24, 30, 46, 67, 72, 140, 223, 239, 3^9, 37 i. 372, 382; migra- tion from Asia, 4; misnamed the elk, 237 Ward, Rowland, Records of Big Game, 180, 184, 186, i87::338, 339, 345 (note) ; Irish elk, 244 War-time influences in the elk range, 284, 384-385 INDEX 399 Washington, State of, stocking with moose, 371-372 Wasteful killing of moose, 25-31, 42-43, 229 Water, moose fond of, 75 : : 303 Waterton Lakes Park, Alberta, 362 Weight of moose, 66-67: 1281- 282, 300; of antlers, 176, 178, 180, 181 (note), 188, 191, 358 West Prussia, extinction of elk in, 281 Whitaker, J. R., on moose in Newfoundland, 371 White clothing for hunters, 47, 141 Whitetail, see Virginia deer Whitney, Hon. Wm. 