None
method of collecting, 835-836 \ Mosaic law, 735 | Mosquito, culex and anopheles, 157 destruction of, 592 breeding places, 448-449 prevention and control and sanitary surveys, 236 relation of, to tropical disease, 592 screening against, 448 Mountain sickness, 243 Mouth, disinfection of discharges from, 189 hygiene, 510-513 spray as disseminator of disease, 258 Moving pictures, use of, in public health education, 750, 751-752 Mucous membranes, entrance and growth of microorganisms on, 22 Mumps in camp, 531 incidence of, 130 incubation period of, 130 INDEX 875 Mumps, infectious agent of, 130 methods of control of, 130-131 mode of transmission of, 130 period of communicability of, 130 source of infection of, 130 Munition manufacture, poisons in, 623 Muscular disuse as factor influencing physical deterioration, 472 Mushroom poisoning, 394 N NAILS. See Finger-nails. Nationality, effect of, on mortality rate, 827 Nativity of parents, influence of, on birth-rate, 817 Natural ventilation, 265-266 Negri bodies, 161 Neurasthenics in the army, 521 Neuritis as a result of focal infection, 497 Neuropathic ancestry, charts illustrat- ing, 781 Newspapers in health education, 740- 746 use of, by rural health officer, 578 New York State Commission on Ventila- tion, 245-246, 249-252, 253-255, 256- 257, 260, 266, 273, 274, 275, 277 Nitrates in water, 412 use of, as food preservatives, 338 Nitrites in water, 411-412 Nitro-aromatic poisoning, chronic, 625 pathology of, 624-625 symptoms of, 625 treatment of, 625-626 poisons, classification of, 624 Nitrogen in air, 240 as albuminoid ammonia in water, 411 as free ammonia in water, 411 total, in water, 411 Nitrous fumes poisoning, pathology of, 623-624 symptoms and treatment of, 624 Non-residents, effect of, on mortality rate, 829-830 Nose, disinfection of discharges from, 189 Notification in epidemic fighting, 221 Nuisances, duties of health officer, 560 Nurse and prenatal work, 682-683 home visits bv, effect on infant mor- tality, 690^91 in industrial plants, 665-667 public health, activities of, 574-575 duties of, 572-573 school, folloV-up visits, 711 visiting in rural districts, 573 Nursing, public health, in rural districts, 572-575 Nutrition, disorders of, due to lack of vitamines, 325 OCCUPATION, data of, in death certificates 836 effect of, on mortality rate, 828 Occupational diseases, 608-627 classification of causes of, 608 industrial hygiene and, 604 statistics, 847-848 Odors, 244-246 in air, 242 Offices, temperature of, 284, 285 Open-air classes in schools, 722 school rooms, 266 Ophthalmia neonatorum and midwives, 670^671 Opsonic action, technic of demonstration of, 52-54 of measurement of, 52-54 determinations, applications of, 54 index, method of Wright, 54 Opspnins, 50-51 Ordinances, rural health, 565-566 Organic effluvia, effects of, 244-246 Organization of rural health department, 557-572 Outdoor air, value of, 278 living, 500 sleeping, 500-501 Overcrowding, effect of, 297 on infant mortality, 831 Overeating, effect of, 319-320 Overweight, danger of reducing, by means of strenuous exercise, 483 menace of, 482-488 Oxalic acid in food, 329 Oxygen in air, 240-241, 242 consumed by water, 413 dissolved in water, 413 physiological effects of, 240-243 Oysters, diseases transmitted by, 390 Ozone in air, 240 sterilization of water, 423 PALMER dust sampler, 290-291 Pancreas, diseases of, as a result of focal infection, 49,7 Pandemic, 209 Paraphenylene diamine test for peroxide in food, 339 Parasites, animal, in raw vegetables, 393 Parasitic organisms in food, 394-396 skin diseases, 506 Paratyphoid fever, incidence of, 139 infecting agent of, 139 methods of control of, 139 oysters and, 390 period of communicability of, 139 source of infection of, 139 the soldier and, 551 in meat, 390, 391 Paresis. 876 INDEX Pasteur treatment by mail, 165 effects of, 165 for rabies, 163-166 immunity from, 165 intensive method of, 165 original method of, 164 results of, 165 Pasteurization of milk in home, 199^200, necessity for supervision, 382 reasons for and against, 380 temperature necessary, 380 preservation of food by, 333 Pediculosis, treatment of, in school chil- dren, 707 Pellagra, a deficiency disease, 325 relation to diet, 735 result of unbalanced diet, 320, 394 Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, report of, 603 Periodic medical examinations, 473, 474, 498 Peroxide, use of, as food preservative, 338-339 Personal cleanliness, necessity for, in industry, 645-646 rules of, 473 of soldiers, 540 hygiene, 471-498 Perspiration, 502 Petterson-Palmquist apparatus, 282 Pfeiffer phenomenon, 44 Phagocytic cells, 49-50 activity of, 51 fixed, 49 motile, 49 Phagocytosis, 49-58 mechanism of, 51-52 Phosphate, acid, use of, in checking fly nuisance, 439 Physical apathy as factor influencing physical deterioration, 472 defects in school children, extent of, 708 deterioration, factors influencing, 472-473 examination of bathers, 462 strain as factor influencing physical deterioration, 472 in industrial occupations, 655 work, effect of temperature on, 250 Physician and health department, 567 in the army, 545-551 personnel of, 546 ratio of, 545 in industrial plants, 665-667 reports of death by, 835 role of, in mental hygiene, 775-776 in public health education, 752 in rural health work, 557 Pike's Peak, effect of atmosphere, 243 Pin maps, 854 Pitot tube, 280 Pityriasis yersicolor, 173 Plague bacillus in cerebrospinal menin- gitis, 97 Plague, immunity in, 166 incidence of, 166 incubation period of, 167 infectious agent of, 166 methods of control of, 167 mode of transmission of, 166 period of communicability of, 167 quarantinable disease 798 source of infection of, 166 types of, 166 Plant poisons, 393-394 Plenum ventilation, 269 in industrial plants, 634 Plumbing inspection, 458 traps, 455-457 Pneumococcus in acute lobar pneumonia, 85 in cerebrospinal meningitis, 97 Pneumonia, acute lobar, incidence of, 85 incubation period of, 86 infectious agent of, 85 methods of control of, 86 modes of transmission of, 86 source of infection of, 85 as cause of infant death, 831 failure to control, 724 precipitin reaction in, 42-43 Poisoning, anilin, 609-610 by meat and fish, 391-393 from plant foods, 393-394 mushroom, 394 potato, 394 Poisons, animal, similar to toxins, 26 drugs and metabolic, influencing physical deterioration, 473 microbal, 26 in munition works, 623-627 other than microbal, precipitins for, 43744 relation to personal hygiene, 473 vegetable similar to toxins, 26-27 Poliomyelitis, incidence of, 98-99 incubation period of, 99 infectious agent of, 99 methods of control of, 99 mode of transmission of, 99 overcrowding and, 297 period of communicability of, 99 source of infection of, 99 Polluted water, 406 interpretation of laboratory findings, 408 Pollution of soil, 400-401 of water, 407 Polyneuritic psychosis, 759 Ponds as sources of water supplies, 404 Population, changes in, importance of, in sanitary surveys, 224-225 density of, effect of, on mortality rates, 828 enumeration of, 808-811 estimation of, 811 errors in, 848-849 geometrical method of, 851-852 Posters in public health education, 748 INDEX 877 Postnatal conditions, effect of, on infant mortality, 831 Posture relation to health, 509-510 Potable water, 406 Potato poisoning, 394 Poultry, adulteration of, 344 effect of cold storage on, 332 Poverty, effect of, on infant mortality, 831 Precipitation of sewage by chemicals, 431^432 Precipitin antigen, nature of, 43 reaction, 42-44 anthrax, 43 pneumococcus, 42-43 practical applications of, 42^3 Precipitins, 42-44 development of, 42 for other than microbal poisons, 43 nature of, 42 Premature old age, factors influencing, 472-473 Prematurity as cause of infant mortality, 678 Prenatal care of mothers, value of, 732 conditions, effect of, on infant mor- tality, 831 work, 682-683 Pre-school age day nurseries, 698-700 health centers, 698 importance of, 697 child, supervision of, 697-700 Preservaline, 336 Preservation of foods. Preservatives in milk, detection of, 364 Pressure filters, 420 Privy, objections to, 428 sanitary, 428 vaults, 297-299 methods of cleanliness and dis- infection, 191 typhoid fever and, 298 Prostitutes, feeble-mindedness among, 790 Prostitution and venereal diseases, 151 Protein foods, 310, 480^81 Protozoa, adaptation of, to certain tis- sues, 18-19 Psychoneuroses, 764-765 Psychrometers, 285-288 Plomains, 29, 391 Puberty, mental training at, 771-772 Public health education, 736 cooperating and assisting agencies, 756 dispensaries and, 754-755 feature campaigns and, 754 history of, 736 lectures, qualifications of lecturer, 750 newspapers and, 740 physician and, 752-754 in schools, 738 suggested reading, 755 use of exhibits, 748-750 of lectures, 750-751 Public health education, use of moving pictures, 750-751 of periodic publica- tions, 746 of posters, 748 Publications, periodic, in public health education, 746 Publicity in public health, 577-579 Puerperal septicemia, 671 Pulse-rate, effect of temperature on, 249 Pure food and drugs act, 341-343 Purification of water, methods of, 418 Pyroligneous acid, use of as food pre- servative, 338 Pyorrhea, 510-513 QUARANTINABLE diseases, 798 Quarantine, maritime. See Maritime quarantine. R RABIES, 158-166 antirabic serum, 166 diagnosis of, 161 disposal of dogs suspected to be suffering with, 162 incidence of, 158 incubation period of, 159 local treatment of bite, 163 methods of control of, 162 pasteur treatment of. See Pasteur treatment. symptoms of, 159 in dog, 160 in man, 160 transmission of, 159 Race, effect of, on mortality rate, 827 Rat control^ 600 extermination, 601 and sanitary survey, 236-237 Ration, definition of, 534 emergency, 537 field, 537 garrison, 534 importance of fresh foods in 327 reserve, 536-537 travel, 537 Rations, 534-537 types of, 534 Rats, breeding of, 599 classification of, 599 food habits of, 600 general habits of, 600 migration of, 599 Recirculation, 276-277 Recreation, value of, in personal hygiene, 5157516 Recruit, physical and mental require- ments, 519-520 training of, 520 Red Cross Association, American Na- tional, 550 878 INDEX Reduction of garbage, 437 Refrigeration, 331-332 Refuse, disposal of, in camp, 541 Regimental aid station, 546 Registration area, 834-835 of birth. See Birth registration, of deaths, 833-845 history of, 833-835 Regulations of health board, special, 566 housing, 444-445 Relative humidity, 241, 242 determination of, 285-288 physiological effects of, 255-257 in school rooms, 288 Relaxation, value of, in personal hygiene, 515-516 Report of an epidemic, 222 Reservoirs, impounding, 404 Resistance to disease, effect of atmos- pheric temperature on, 253 of infectious organisms, 24 Respiratory disease, as cause of infant death, 831 effect of temperature upon, 253 of ventilation upon, 274 influence of, upon infant mor- tality, 680 diseases among soldiers, 551 transmitted through swimming pool, 460 infections, epidemiology, 217 Retreat, medical service during, 550 Re vaccination, 121 Rheumatism, acute and chronic, result of focal infection, 497 of unbalanced diet, 320 Rickets as result of unbalanced diet, 320, 325 Rinderpest, 321 Ringworm, 172 treatment of, in school children, 707 Rocky mountain spotted fever, incidence of, 171 incubation period of, 171 infectious agent of, 171 methods of control of, 171 mode of transmission of, 171 period of communicability of, 171 source of infection of, 171 Rodents, role of, in spread of tropical dis- eases, 598 Rooms, disinfection of, 190 Rotheln. See German measles. Rubella. See German measles. Rubeola. See Measles. Ruehle tube, 291, 292 Rural public health work, 555-582 SALICYLIC acid, detection of, in food, 337 as food preservative, 337 Salt a food constituent, 328-329 use of, in food preservation, 333 Salting, a food preservative, 331 Saltpeter, use of, as food preservative, 338 Sand fly and tropical disease, 593 Sanitary code, prosecution for violation of, 566-567 rural, 565-567 survey of camp, scheme for, 552, 554 fly breeding, 236 health budget, 237-238 department, 237 of rat extermination, 236 of water supply, 417 surveys, 224-238 charities, 235 commerce and its effect on sanitation, 224 disposal of excreta, 230-231 garbage disposal, 234 general death-rates, 225-226 housing conditions, 232-233 industries and industrial haz- ards, 231-232 infant mortality, 227-229 medical school inspection, 234 milk supply, 229-230 mosquito prevention and con- trol, 236 population changes, 224-225 progress of sanitation, 224 public health laboratory, 235 publicity and education, 236 sanitation of markets, 233-234 school sanitation, 233 sources of information, 224 specific death-rates, 226-227 street sanitation, 234 water slipply, 229 train, 548 Sanitation, effect on mortality rate, 828 in epidemic fighting, 222 of swimming pools, 459-470 Saranac Lake Sanatorium, 240 Scabies, in school children, treatment of, 707 Scalp, care of, 505 Scarlatina. See Scarlet fever. Scarlet fever, 127-129 conveyed by milk, 389 immunity, 128 incidence, 127 incubation period of, 128 infectious agent of, 127 methods of control of, 128-129 mode of transmission of, 127 period of communicability of, 128 source of infection of, 127 Schick reaction, 103-109 control tests, 104 details of technic, 104 at different ages, 106-107 interpretation of, 106 negative in cases of suspected diphtheria, 108 INDEX 879 Schick reaction, permanence of negative reaction in persons developing natural immunity, 107-109 positive, 103 practical value of, 106 pseudoreaction, 104 School and mental hygiene, 771 child, examination of, for physical defects, 708-715 follow-up visits by nurse, 711 frequency of physical examina- tion, 709 hygiene of, 713-714 mode of physical examination, 710-711 physical defects, 709 records of physical examina- tion, 712 standards of health, 709 houses, methods of cleaning and dis- infecting woodwork, 191 hygiene, 715-722 blackboards, 717 books, 717 cloakrooms, 720-721 desks and chairs, 717-718 lighting, 717 location of buildings, 715-716 maintenance of buildings, 722 size of classrooms, 716 special classes, 722 toilets, 721 ventilation, 718-720 walls, 717 washing and drinking facilities, 721 medical inspection and hygiene, 700-722 emergency treatment, 708 history of, 700-701 organization, 702-703 part of health program, 701 routine, 704 inspection, 708 types of, 703-704 sanitation and sanitary surveys, 233 Schoolrooms, open air, 266 sanitation of, 705 temperature and respiratory dis- ease, 254 ventilation of, 266-268, 274-276 Schools, closing of, during epidemic of influenza, 77 epidemics, 706 contagious diseases in, 705-706 control of contagious eye and skin diseases, 706-708 health education in, 738 Screens in sewage treatment, 430-431 Scurvy, 324, 326 relation to diet, 735 result of unbalanced diet, 320 Sea-sickness on troop transports, 529 Sedimentation in sewage treatment, 431 Segregation of passengers and crew in maritime quarantine, 801 Seminal vesicles, infection of, as factor influencing physical deterioration, 473 Septic sore-throat, 115 conveyed by milk, 389 incubation period, 115 infectious agent of, 115 methods of control of, 115 mode of transmission of, 115 ' period of communicability of, 115 source of infection of, 115 tank, 432 Serum agglutinating, titration of, 33 reaction, 66, 67 prevention of, 67-68 treatment of developed shock, 68 Sewage, chemical precipitation of, 431 definition of, 428 disposal, 428-436 in camp, 541-543 dilution method, 428-429 duties of health officer, 560 sanitary surveys and, 230-231 in tropics, 588, 589 irrigation, 435 methods of artificial treatment, 429 objects of artificial treatment, 429 sterilization of, 435 Sewer gas, 458 Sewerage, house, 455-458 Sex, effect of, on mortality rate, 826 Shellfish, pathogenic bacteria in, 390 typhoid fever and, 133 Shoes, fitting of, to soldiers, 525 personal hygiene and, 507 Sinuses, infection of, as a factor influenc- ing physical deterioration, 473 Skin, care of, 502 diseases, contagious, control of, in schools, 706-708 infectious, caused by fungi, 172 incubation period of, 173 infectious agents of, 173 methods of control of, 173 mode of transmission of, 173 period of communicability of, 173 source of infection of, 173 entrance and growth of micro- organisms, 21-22 parasitic diseases of, 506 reactions, practical value of, 69-70 Sleep, necessity for, 516 outdoor, 500-501 Sleeping balconies, arrangement of, 501 Slow sand filters, 418-419 Sludge, activated, 434-435 disposal, 435 Smallpox, 115-124 disinfection of, 123-124 incidence of, 116 isolation of, 123 prevention and control of, 117-124 registration of cases of, 123 880 INDEX Smallpox, transmission of, 116 vaccination. Smoke, volatile matter in, as food pre- servative, 336 Soapsuds solution for cleaning house and sickroom, 186 Social conditions, effect on infant mor- tality, 831 factors, as causative agents in dis- ease, classification of, 724 Sociologic and economic aspects of dis- ease, 723 Soda solution for cleaning house and sickroom, 186 Sodium hypochlorite disinfection of swimming pools, 464 SoH, 397-^02 absorption of odors by, 401 bacteria in, 398-399^ 400, 401-402 biological properties of, 400 chemical properties of, 398-399 classification of, 397 fertilizing constituents of, 398 formation of, 397 physical properties of, 399-400 pollution, 400-401 diseases in tropics, 595 temperature of, 400 typhoid fever and, 133 Soldier, diseases of, 551 inspection of person and equipment, 523 value of hygienic training, 525 Sore- throats among soldiers, 551 Spices, use of, as food preservatives, 336 Spitting in industrial plants, 651-653 Springs as sources of water supplies, 404 Sputum as mode of tramsmission in tuberculosis, 90 from consumptives, disinfection of, 189-190 Standard methods for water analysis, 409 Starch test for peroxide in food, 339 Starchy foods, 480 Stations for slightly wounded, 548 Statistical errors due to difference in classification, 850-851 from compounding death-rate, 850 from paucity of data, 849 percentages, 849-850 population, 848-849 to be avoided, 848-851 tables illustrative, 822, 824-825, 832, 853 Statistics, definition of, 805 epidemiological, 219-221 industrial hygiene, 607-608 marriage. See Marriage statistics, morbidity. See Morbidity statistics, occupational . See Occupational sta- tistics. of stillbirths. See Stillbirths, vital. See Vital statistics. Statutes, health, 557 Steam disinfecting chambers, public, 196 Stereopticon, use of, in public health education, 750-751 "Steri-lab," 424-426 Sterilization by chemicals, 177 of milk in home, 198-199 preservation of food by, 333 Stillbirths, causes of, 820 certificate of N. Y. City Health De- partment, 819 rates, methods of computing, 820 statistics, 818-820 Stomach, entrance and growth of micro- organisms in, 22 Streets and sanitary surveys, 234 Streptococci in air, 258 Streptococcic sore-throat. See Septic sore-throat. Streptococcus in gitis, 97 Subcutaneous cerebrospinal menin- tissues, entrance and growth of microorganisms, 22 Sugar-cane, use of, in food preservation, 3 Sugars as food, 480 Sulphites, use of, as food preservatives, 339 Sulphur dioxide in disinfection of house, 195-196 of vessels, 802-803 vs. formaldehyde gas for disin- fection, 196 Sulphurous acid in food, 329 detection of, 340 use of, as food preservative, 339 Survey plan for camp, 552-554" for rural district, 581 sanitary. See Sanitary survey, ventilation, points to be covered in, 279 of water supply, 417 Susceptibility to disease, 211, 212, 213 Swimming pools, bacteriologic standards, 467 construction and equipment of, 460-462 control of bathers in, 462 dilution in, 463 diseases transmitted through, 459-460 laws governing, 468 management of water in, 462 refiltration of water in, 463 sanitation of, 459-470 standards for legislation, 468 Syphilis, 146-147 cause of death, 843 of infant death, 833 of general paralysis, 758 cerebral, 759 effect on offspring, 760 factor influencing physical deteriora- tion, 473 incidence of, 146 incubation period of, 146 infectious agent of, 146 methods of control of, 146, 149-153 INDEX 881 Syphilis, mode of transmission of, 146 period of communicability of, 146 relation of, to feeble-mindedness, 788, 791 source of infection of, 146 TABLE utensils, disinfection of, 190 Tables, statistical, illustrative, 822, 824- 825,832,853 Tabulations, mechanical methods of, 845 Tags, identification, 545 Tapeworm, 396 Teeth, care of, 497, 510-513 infection of, as a factor influencing physical deterioration, 473 Temperature of air, 242 atmospheric, 583 automatic control of, 264, 271 determination of, 283-285 effect of, on infants, 349, 355, 362 upon efficiency, 250-253 resistance to disease, 253 of factories, 285 influence of, on growth of bacteria in milk, 349 of offices, 284, 285 physiological effects of, 246-250 of rooms, 499 of schoolrooms, 276, 285 Tenements, model, 445 Tentage, 531-532 Tents, shelter, 532 Terminal disinfection, 184 Tetanus following vaccination, 122 incidence of, 153 incubation period of, 154 infecting agent of, 154 methods of control of, 154 mode of infection of, 154 period of communicability of, 154 source of infection of, 154 Tetrachlorethane poisoning, 627 Texas fever and meat inspection, 321 Thermal standards of ventilation, 263 Thermostats, value of, 264-265, 276 Ticks, 594 Tinea circinata, 172 favosa, 173 versicolor, 173 Titration of agglutinating serum, 33 Tobacco, 491-496 economic aspect of, 495 effects of, 491-495, 496 Toilets, in industrial plants, 650 in schools, 721 Tonsils, infection of, as factor influencing physical deterioration, 473 Towel supply in industrial plants, 649 in schools, 721 Toxicity of microorganisms, increase and decrease of, 20 Toxin, extracellular, 26 hypersensitiveness, 64-65 Toxin, intracellular, 26 Trachoma, incidence of, 87 incubation period of, 88 infectious agent of, 87 management of, in school children, 707 methods of control of, 88 mode of transmission of, 88 period of communicability of, 88 source of infection of, 88 Transports, troop, capacity of, 529 Trauma, mental and physical as a factor influencing physical deterioration, 473 Trench fever, 859 Trenches, hygiene of, 543 Trichina spiralis, 394-396 Trichinosis, incidence of, 174 incubation period of, 174 infectious agent of, 174 methods of control of, 174 mode of transmission of, 174 period of communicability of, 174 source of infection of, 174 Troops, feeding of, while on march, 526 movement of, 525-527 moving, equipment of, 530 personal hygiene of, 540 rate of marching of, 526 shelter of, 530-532 transportation of, by rail, 527-529 by water, 529-530 water supply of, 537-540 on march, 526-527 Tropical hygiene, 583-601 Tubercle bacillus in dust, 257 human and bovine types, 89 in milk, 383 in water, 417 Tuberculin, use of, 94 Tuberculosis, 88r-95 among soldiers, 551 beginning of antituberculosis move- ment, 737 bovine in man, 91-92, 386-388 causes other than tubercle bacillus, 724' deaths from, 88 disinfection of sputum, 189-190 dried and moist sputum, 90 duty of attending physician, 570 early detection of, in school children, 706 economic aspect of, 88 etiology of, 89 factor influencing physical deteriora- tion, 473 housing, and, 294-295 444, 726 immunity against, 93 incidence of, 88 incubation period, 95 individual susceptibility, 93 in industry, 607 infected meat, 390 influence of prosperity on death-rate, 89 ingestion infection, 91 882 INDEX Tuberculosis, institutional care of, 94 invalidism due to, 727 methods of control, 95 mineral dust and, 259 mode of infection, 88-90, 94 of transmission, 94 period of communicability, 95 public health nurse and, 574 pulmonary, mortality rate in New j York City, 726 occupation as causative factor of, 726 relation of, to income, 727 social and economic aspects of, 725-728 source of infection of, 94 special classes for tuberculous chil- dren, 722 Typhoid bacillus in cerebrospinal menin- gitis, 97 in milk, 383 in water, 415, 416 fever, 131-139 carriers, 133-134 diagnosis of, 134-136 endemic, 131 factor influencing physical de- terioration, 473 from raw vegetables, 393 gastrointestinal disease pre- ( ceding outbreak of, 205 ice-borne, 408 immunity, 136 incidence of, 131 incubation period of, 136 infectious agent of, 131 methods of control of, 137-139 mode of transmission of, 131 oysters and, 390 period of communicabilitv of, 136 privy and, 298, 428 relation of typhoid carrier to j milk infection, 388-389 soldier and, 551 transmitted through swimming pool, 459 in tropics, 597 vaccination in, 136-137 water-borne, 407-417 residual, 131 Typhus fever, economic aspects of, 735 quarantinable disease, 798 ULTRA-VIOLET light disinfection of swim- ming pools, 464-465 ray in sterilization of water, 423 Uniform, service and dress, 522 U. Variola. See Smallpox. Vegetables, canned, aduleration of, 345, (346 part of dietary, 318 raw, infection from, 393 typhoid fever and, 133 Venereal diseases, 144—153 alcohol and, 152 among soldiers, 551 control of, 149-153 economic aspects of, 144 education and publicity and, 152-153 effects of, 144-145, 502 forbidden occupations and, 151 incidence of, 144, 146, 147-148 individual prophylaxis in, 153 influence of, on birth-rate, 817 necessity for treatment of, 150 prostitution and, 151-152 _ registration of, cases of, 151 relation of, to housing condi- tions, 300 in sea ports, 724 transmitted through swimming pool, 460 Ventilation, 239-292 balance system, 635 choice of method, 274-276 cooling, artificial, 277-278 distribution of air, 272-274 drafts and dust, 631 exhaust system, 634 Fairfield system, 266-268 heating and, 263-265 in houses, 296, 448 INDEX 883 Ventilation in industrial plants, 627-636 King system, 267 mechanical, 268-274, 633 natural, 265, 266 cases in which it is unsatisfac- tory, 632 devices to assist, 628 objects and standards, 261-263 operation factor, 278 plenum system, 634 practical methods, 261-278 recirculation, 276-277 relation to personal hygiene, 499 of schoolrooms, 718-720 surveys of, 279-280 testing of equipment, 279-282 value of outdoor air, 278 Vessels, diagnosis of, in maritime quar- antine, 799-800 disinfection of, 802 inspection of, 798^799 types of, met with in maritime quar- antine, 796^798 Vinegar, use of, in food preservation, 333-334 Violet-ray, use of, in food preservation, 340 Virulence of infecting organisms, 211, 212, 213-214 of microorganisms, increase and decrease of, 20 variation in degree of, 19, 20 Virulins, 71-72 Vision, defective, relation of, to personal hygiene, 513 Vital statistics, 805-858 books of reference, 808 definition of, 805 essential requisites of, 808 history of, 807 purpose of, 805-807 rules of, usage of, 806-807 Vitamines, 320-321, 324-326, 481 diseases due to lack of, 324-325 effect of, on drying food, 331 experimental evidence for, 325 fat soluble, 325 mode of action of, 325 sources of, 325 water soluble, 325 W WAGE earners, number of, 602-603 annually sick, 603 Waste, collection of, 436-437 disposal, 436-442 in U. S. Woolsorters' disease. See Anthrax. Work, effect of speeding up and over- time on, 654 monotonous, effect of, 654-655 physical effects of, 515 Worry as cause of disease, 517 Wounded, care of, on battlefield, 544 search for, after battle, 550 XEROPHTHALMIA, relation of, to diet, 735 YELLOW fever, incidence of, 156 incubation period of, 156 infectious agent of, 156 methods of control of, 156-158 mode of transmission of, 156 mosquito and, 592 period of communicability of, 156 quarantinable disease, 798 source of infection of, 156 ZINC poisoning. See Brass. 