None
Lipman, C. B., Bacteria in arid sous, 73. Lipman, J. Q., Availabttity of fertilisers, 510. Fermentation of manure, 591. Green manures, 619. Loew, O., Lime and magnesia, 538. LohnU, F., Bacteria in soil, 438. Loughridge, R. H., Crop tolerance to alkali, 395. Distribution of irrigation water in soil, 704. Hygroscopic water, 204. Soil separates, 102. Lynde, C. J., Capillary movement, 231. Lyon, T. L., Composition of drainage water, 372. Legume cultures, 545. Lysimeter tanks, 241. McBride, F. W., Estimation of humus, 142, 144. McCall, A. G., Solution of soil in sOu, 344. AUTHORS' index 745 MeCaughey, W. J., Color of soil, 77. Soil-forming minerals, 100. MaoDonald. W., Dry-farming, 712. McLane, J. W., Moisture equivalent, 220. Soil solution t» edit, 343. MoLaughlin, W. W., Capillary move- ment, 224. Movement of irrigation water, 704. Marbut, C. F., Classification of soils of United States, 718, 724. Soils of United States. 34. Marchal, E., Ammonifioation, 447. Mares, M. N.t Sulfur, 525. Mayer, A., Optimum moisture, 203. Mayo. U. &, Bacteria in soil, 432. Mase, P., Law of minimum, 554. Mead, E., Extent of irrigation, 685. Irrigation institutions, 682. Legal status of irrigation, 601. Lining for canals, 604. Preparation for irrigation, 682. Mellen, C. R., Drainage of Johnston farm, 630. Merrill, O. P., Color of soil, 77. Residual day, granite, 27. Rook weathering, 13, 26, 62. Weathering of gneiss, 66. Zsolitis, 357. Merrill, L. A.. Irrigation of crops, 682. Menbacher, O., Origin of loess, 60. Miles, M., Drainage in Europe, 629. Miller, N. H. J., Nitrogen assimilation, 405. Organic matter m soil, 136. Miner, H. L., Commercial fertiliser*. 562. Mitsoherlieh, A. E., Estimation of colloids, 168. Hygroseopioity, 208. Law of Minimum, 553. Water and plant growth, 253. Moheeh, H., Ensymes of roots, 407. Montemartini, L., Catalysis, 530. Montgomery, E. G.f Water require- ment, 245, 248. 240. Water requirement of corn, 251. Mooers, Q. A., Soil survey of Tennessee, 719. Mulder, T. J., Organic matter of sofl, 131. MOller, R., Solubility of minerals, 24. Newell, F. H., Irrigation, 682. Niklae, H., Colloid chemistry, 153. Norton, J. H., Composition of surface water, 373, Noyes, A. A., Properties of colloids, 153. OberKn, C, Soil antiseptics, 465. Olin, W. H., American irrigation, 682. Osborne, T. B., Beaker method of mechanical analysis, 96. Classification of soil particles, 90. Paddock, W., Irrigation of fruit, 682. Pagnoul, M., Effects of carbon bisul- fide, 466. Parka, J., Drainage and soil tempera- ture, 314. Patten, A. J., Bacteria in soil, 439. Patten, H. E., Absorption of gases, 367. Absorption by soils, 351. Heat of condensation, 200. Heat transfer, 309, 313. Specific heat of soil, 295. Temperature and hygroscopieity, 208. Patterson, H. J., Lime, 541. Peake, W. A., Estimation of organic matter, 143. Pember, F. R., Fermentation and phos- phates, 520. Penny, C. L., Clover as green manure, 621. Green manures, 619. Penrose, R. A. F., Composition of resid- ual soil, 33. Peters, E., Absorbed bases, 354. Absorption of potassium, 350. Peterson, W. H., Sulphur as fertiliser, 526. Petit, A., Temperature of soil, 300. Pettit, J. H., Soil survey of Illinois, 719. Pfaundler, L., Specific heat of soil, 294. Pfeiffer, T., Effect of soil antiseptios, 470. Law of minimum, 554. Carbon dioxide as soil solvent, 409. Pick, H'., Estimation of colloids, 168. Pickel, G. M., Composition of muck, 37. Piper, C. V., Green manures, 619. Pitra, J., Bacteria in soil, 437. Fermentation and phosphates, 520. Plummer, J. K., Acid materials, 376. Potts, E., Texture and conductivity, 309. Pranke, E. J., Cyanamki, 503. Prianischnikov, D„ Availability of phos- phorus, 618, 521, 535. Puchner, H., Cohesion test, 176. Composition of soil separates, 102. Measurement of cohesion, 178. Pugh, E., Nitrogen in plant nutrition, 491. 746 AUTHORS' INDEX Rafter, G. W., Sewage irrigation, 711. Ramann, E., Carbon dioxide in soil air, 480. Colloid chemisVy, 153. Reed, H. S., Oxidation by roots, 407. Toxic material in soils, 136. Reid, F. R., Catalysis, 529. Rice, T. D., Reconnoisaance, 737. Richthofen, F., Character of loess, 50. Roberts, I. P., Losses of manure, 599. . Production of manure, 587. Robinson, F. R., Lime, 537. Robinson, F. W, Root nodules and nitrogen storage, 621. Robinson, T. R., Litmus test, 386. Robinson, W. O., Color of soils, 77. Manganese, 531. Rodewald, H., Estimation of colloids, 168. Rostworowski, S., Absorption by per- mutite, 357. Russell, E. J., Plant food elements, 3. Classification of particles, 96. Classification of soils, 718. Crop adaptation and texture, 105. Mechanical soil analysis, 103. Nitrogen fertilisers, 547. Partial sterilisation of soils, 470. Sewage sick soils, 474. Russell, I. C, Subaftrial deposits, 62. Sachs, J., Solvent action of roots, 406. Sackett, W. Q., Ammonification, 446. Availability of fertilisers, 511. Salisbury, R. D., Driftless area, 67. Glacial geology, 47. Sanborn, J. W., Roots of crops, 81. Sargent, C. L., Acidity tests, 387. Saussure, T. de, Composition of plants, 490. Schants, H. L., Water requirements, 245, 712. Wilting point, 258. Schlicter, C. S., Effective diameter of partioles, 123. Sch6ne, E., Elutriator, 87. Schreiner, O., Absorption by soil, 351. Carbonised material in soil, 141, 144. Composition of humus, 134, 136. Organic substances in soil, 132. Oxidation by roots, 407. Schublcr, G., Cohesion test, 175. Schucht, F., Mechanische Bodenunter- suchung, 84. Schulse, B., Temperature of soil, 321. Sohulse, F., Water extract of soil, 341. Schutt, M. A., Losses of manure, 583 599,600. Seelhorst, C. von, Water requirements, 251, 255. Shcppard, J. H., Roots of crops, 83. Sherman, C. W., Soil survey of Indiana, 719. Shorey, E. C, Creatinine, 497. Organic suLstances in soil, 132. Shutt, F. T., Nitrogen storage by leg- umes, 621. Simmermacher, W., Lime and nho»» phates, 536. Skinner, J. J., Creatinine, 497. Organic matter in soil, 136. Smith, C. D., Root nodules and nitrogen, storage, 621. Smith, R. E., Bacteria in frosen soil, 433. Snyder, H., Ash of humus, 145. Complete solution of soil, 330. Composition of humus, 149. Production of humus, 140. Spillman, W. J., green manures, 619. Stevenson, W. H., Soil survey of Iowa, 718. Stewart, J. B., Moisture control, 285. Capillary movement, 225. Stohman, F., Absorption, 353, 354. Stoklasa, J., Bacteria in soil, 437, 439. Carbon dioxide production, 139. Carbon dioxide production in soil, 408. Carbon dioxide in soil air, 479, 482. Fermentation and phosphates, 520. Storer, F. H., Farm manure, 578. Green manure, 619. HumuB and capillarity, 219. Poultry manure, 588. St&rmer, K., Effect of soil antiseptic*, 469. Stover, A. P., Carey Act, 688. Stremme, H., Estimation of colloids, 167. Sullivan, M. X., Catalysis, 529. Manganese, 531. Sweiey, G. D., Temperature of soil, 821, 485. Teel, R. P., Losses of irrigation water. 694. Ten Eyck, A. M., Roots of plants, 8l. - Thaer, W., Properties of colloids, 153. Thorne, C. E., Application of manure, 607. Cement versu* dirt floors, 604. Effect of food on manure, 582- AUTHORS INDEX 747 Tnorne, C. E., Farm manure, 681. Looms of manure, 509. Manure and the rotation, 616. Production of manure, 587. Reinforcing manure, value, 610. Value of manure, 500, 601. Trowbridge, A. C, Classification of sedi- ments, 31. Truog, E. A., Sulfide test for soil acidity, 887. Tularkov, N., Classification of soils, 718. Tull, Jethro, Effeots of tillage. 400. Ulrich, R., Specific heat of soil, 205. Underwood, T. M., Soil solution and plant growth, 347. Vail, C. E., Composition of humus, 148. Van Bemmelen, J. M , Adsorption, 350. Colloids, 161. Colloidal humus, 365. Colloidal material, 346. Color of soil, 77. Composition of humus, 133. Estimation of colloids, 167. Soil solution, 345. Van Slyke, L. L., A general fertiliser, 571. Composition of manure, 584. Fertilisers, 546. . Fertiliser mixtures, 565. Production of manure, 587. Van Suohtelen, F. H. H., Soil solution in «*u, 344. Veitch, F. P., Complete solution of soil, 330. Composition of soil, 66. Test for acidity, 300. Voelcker, J. A., Composition of rotted manure, 506. Manure, 570. Soil acidity, 383. Von Engeln, O. D., Glaciation and agri- culture, 70, 71. Voorhees, E. B., Availability of fer- tilisers, 510. Poultry manure, 588. Waggaman, W. H., Absorption by soil, 351. Wagner, F., Conductivity in soil, 310. Manure and soil temperature, 316. Texture and conductivity, 300. Wagner, H., Law of minimum, 553. Wagner, P., Availability of fertilisers, 510. WahnschafTe, F., Silt cylinder, 02. Warington, R., Causes of granulation, 186. Colloids, 161. Composition of crops, 418. Composition of drainage water, 240. Denitrification, 456. Estimation of organic matter, 143. Evaporation looses, 271. Lime and granulation, 104. Nitrification, 453. Snow and soil temperature, 306. Warren, G. M., Marsh land drainage, 627. Waters, H. J., Lime, 541. Watson, Q. C., Production of manure, 587. Way, J. T., Absorption by soil, 355. Colloids, 161. Weir, W. W., Soil acidity, 383. Test for carbonates, 388. Welitschkowsky, D. von, Temperature and movement of water, 234. Wheeler, H. J., Acid-tolerating plants, 38 Acidity teste, 387. Forms of lime, 542. Plants injured by acidity, 385. Salt as a fertiliser, 544. Wheeler, W. P., Poultry manure, 582. Whipper, O. B., Irrigation of fruit, 682. Whitbeck, R. H., Glaciated and residual soils, 70. Whitney, M., Apparent specific gravity, 114. Soil classes, 104. Soil solution, 346. Specific gravity of soil, 113. Whitson, A. R., Soil acidity, 383. Test for carbonates, 388. Wickson, J. A., Irrigation of fruit, 682. Widtsoe, J. A., Amount of water to apply • 710. Capillary movement, 224. Dry-farming, 712. Dry matter and water, 254. Irrigation water and yield, 708. Movements of irrigation water, 704. Principles of irrigation, 682. Storage of water in soil, 700. Water requirement of plants, 248, 251. Wiegner, G., Absorption by permutite, 357. Wiley, H. W., Complete solution of soil, 328. 748 AUTHORS' INDEX Wiley, H. W., Estimation of organic matter, 143, 144. Mechanical soil analysis, 84, 92. Soil analysis, 338. Willcox, O. W., Soil survey of Iowa, 718. Williams, H. F., Soil-forming minerals, 100. Williams, M. B., Irrigation in humid regions, 690. Wilson, H. M., Irrigation engineering, 692. Wing, H. H., Losses of manure, 599. Production of manure, 587. Winton, A. L., Commercial fertilisers, 564. Wolff, E., Composition of manure, 595. Wollny, E., Capillary movement, 226, 228,230. Wollny, E., Capillarity and temperature, 214. Color and temperature, 302. Composition of soil air, 139. Effect of earthworms, 422. Gravitational movement of water, 234. Optimum moisture, 262. Roots and humus, 127. Slope and temperature, 319. Water requirements of plants, 246. Water and soil temperature, 315. Woodward, S. M., Land drainage by pumping, 627. Yoder, P. A., Centrifugal elutriator, 89. Zsigmondy, B., Colloid chemistry, 153 d f INDEX Absolute specific gravity of minerals, 112. of soil, 113. of soil particles, 118. Absorption by the soil, 340. causes, 355. formation of insoluble substances, 358. influence of chabasite, 356. influence of colloids, 165, 350, 360. influence of organic matter, 150, 365. influence of silicates, 363. influence of seolites, 355. influence on soil analysis, 340. insolubility of absorbed substances, 354, 358. of ammonia, 366. of carbon dioxide, 366. of gases, 366. of heat, 300. of nitrogen and oxygen, 367. of phosphoric acid, 357. relation to temperature, 367. relation to drainage, 368. relation to productiveness, 368. selective, 362. time necessary, 353. Absorptive power of different plants, 414. Absorbed bases, solubility of, 354. Abundance of common minerals, 11. of plant-food elements, 5. Acetic acid secreted by roots, 408. Acid, a flocculating agent, 150. in plant juices, 336. rocks, 7. soils, 375. soils caused by ammonium sulfate, 400. test for carbonates, 388. Acidity and climate, 382. and colloids, 165. and forests, 380. and sulfur, 382. and plants indicating, 382. Acidity, effect on phosphate fertiliser, 510. relation to bacteria, 486. relation to fertilisers, 381. quantitative determinations, 380. tests for, 386. Acid phosphate, 514. for reinforcing manure, 610. Acids formed from fermenting manure, 503. in plant juioes, 370. secreted by plant roots, 408. Acme harrow, 677. Adobe, seolian soil, 47, 50. described, 61. wind origin, 16. JEolian soils, deposition of, 58. adobe, 61. composition of, 60, 62. distribution, 61. loess, 50. sand dunes, 63. Aeration and denitrification, 456. and toxic materials, 133. effect of drainage on, 631. effect on nitrification, 452. influence on decay, 120. promoted by soil organisms, 422. Aerobic bacteria, 433. bacteria and decay, 444. fermentation of manure, 502. Agencies of rock decay, 14. Agricere in soil, 275, 472. Air of the soil, 475. analyses, 478, 130. carbon dioxide, 130, 478. composition of, 477. control of, 486. effect of organic matter on, 130, 476. effect of soil moisture on, 476. effect of texture, 475. effect of tillage, 487. function of, 480. movement of, 483. volume, 475. 749 750 INDEX Air-slaked lime, 539. Algae, aid to nitrogen fixation, 464. Alinrt, nitre-culture, 463. Alkali in soils, 392. accumulation of, 397. and irrigation, 397. and the mulch, 282. block alkali, 392. composition, 393. correction, 399. control, 402. effect on plants, 394. effect of method of irrigation, 706. formation of, 724. outfit for testing, 728. salts in soil, 391. Alkali land, drainage of, 659. Alkali lands, management of, 399. Alkali lands of foreign countries, 398. Alkali spots, 402. Alluvial soils, described, 39. distribution of, 41. humus and nitrogen in, 148. Alternaria, disease organism, 426. Alternate cropping, 714. Aluminum, 6. Aluminum phosphate, 337. Aluminum in soil separates, 102. Amendments of the soil, 534. calcium sulfate, 542. calcium carbonate, 540. caustic lime, 539. common salt, 543. effect on nitrification, 536. effect on tilth and bacteria, 534. effect on toxic materials, 537. liberation of plant-food, 535. lime and granulation, 193. muck, 545. Amid nitrogen, plant-food, 497. Ammonia, absorption of, 353, 366. ■ as plan Wood, 494. from plant decay, 139. salts and acidity, 381. test for acidity, 387. Ammonification in soil, 446. Ammonificatton, effect of partial ster- ilisation, 470. Ammonium sulfate, as fertiliser, 499. Amount of water to use in irrigation, 710. Anaerobic bacteria, 433. Anaerobic bacteria and putrefaction, 444. Anaerobic fermentation of manure, 593. Analysis, mechanical, of soil, 97, 104, 107. Analysis, mineralogioal, 100. of adobe, 62. of air, 139. 478. of alkali, 393. of arid and humid soils, 72, 147. of coastal plain soils, 70, 66. of crops, 419. of cumulose soil, 37. of cyanamid, 503. of drainage water, 351, 371, 374, 500 of gases from manure, 594. of glacial soils, 68, 70. of granite and residual soil, 27. of humus, 149. of humus ash, 145. of limestone and residual clay, 27, 33, 68. of litter, 580. of loess, 60. of manure, 581, 582, 583, 584, 588, 595. of marl, 38. of residual soils, 66, 68, 70. of soils, humus, 147, 148. of soil, organic matter, 146. of soil separates, 101, 102. of water extract, 348. Animals, capacity to produce manure. 587. effect on granulation, 192. effect on composition of manure, 581, 582, 584. soil-forming agent, 18. Antiseptics, treatment of soil with, 465. Apatite, mineral, 9. as a fertiliser, 512. Apophyllite, solubility, 339. Apparent specific gravity, 113. Application of water, time, 709. Arginine, plant-food, 497. Arid and humid soils, 71. composition of, 72. properties of, 72, 82. soil particles, composition of, 100, 101. Arrangement of soil particles, 108. Artificial mulch, 273. Ash composition of humus, 145. Ash constituents of plants, 416. Aepergilltt* niger in soil, 427. Atmospherio pressure affects soil air, 484. Attraction of soil particles, 206. Auger, for soil examination, 727, 732. Augite, 9. Availability of organio fertiliser, 510. index 751 Availability of plant-food and bacteria, 428. Availability of soil water, diagram, 262. Asotobacter bacteria, 464. BaciUus, denUriftcans, alpha and beta, 456. mesenterial*, reducing organism, 465. mycouUa, reducing organism* 455. peatifer, reducing organism, 455. ntdieieola, 459, 645. radiobaeter, 464. ramonu, reducing organism, 465. tubtilu, reducing organism, 455. vulgahu, reducing organism, 455. Back furrow, 671. Bacteria and ammonification, 446. and plant decay, 129. and root nodules, 458. carbon dioxide production, 408. conditions for growth, 433. distribution, 429. functions, 436. in frosen soil, 431. influence of sulfur on, 525. influence on organic matter, 435. inoculation with, 460. nitrate reduction, 455. number in soil, 430. nitrogen supply, 428. non-symbiotic, 460. solvent action of, 439. Bacteria in soil, 427, 428. Bacterial action, effect on phosphates, 520. Bacteroids, 460. Bacterium eUenbachentU, 463. Balanced fertiliser, 551. Barnyards, covered for manure, 605. Barometric pressure and drainage, 234. Basalt, 8. Bases absorbed, solubility of, 354. Bases, absorbed by colloids, 165. Bases and toxicity, 379. Bases in plant ash, 378. Bases, removed in drainage, 378. Basic rocks, 7. Basic slag phosphate, 513. Basic soil, effect on phosphates, 519. BaeilluM amylobader, 440. Bedding, absorptive capacity, 603. Biotite, 9. Biotite, solubility, 330. Black alkali, 392. Blood, dried, as fertiliser, 507. Bones as fertiliser, 611. Bone phosphate, 611. Bone tankage, 512. Brands of fertiliser, 555. Broadcasting fertiliser, 570. Bromberg, composition of drainage water, 370. Bureau of soils, classification of alkali, 396. Calcium, 4, 6. Calcium carbonate, 7, 10. Calcium carbonate in soil, 333. Calcium combinations, 539. Calcium compounds, root action on, 406. Calcium cyanamid, 502. Calcium hydrate in fertiliser, 666. Calcium in soil separates, 101. Calcium loss in drainage, 372. Calcium nitrate, 605. Calcium phosphate, effect of bacteria on, 439. Calcium salts, as amendments, effects, 534. Calcium sulfate to reinforce manure, 609. Calculation of air space of soils, 238, 477. of apparent specific gravity, 113. of free water, 238. of number of soil partioles, 118. of pore space, 116. of surface of soil particles, 120. of wilting point, 260. Canals for drainage, construction, 635. Canals for irrigation, 693. Capillarity and texture, 214. Capillarity carries nitrates to surfaoe, 454. Capillary movement, 221. and alkali formation, 298. in wet and dry soil, 225. influenced by thickness of film, 223. influenced by surface tension, 227. influenced by texture, 229. influenced by structure, 232. intercepted by green manure, 624. Capillary water, 201, 210. Capillary water, amount, 213. and organic matter, 218. and structure, 217. and surface tension, 213. and texture, 214. estimation of, 219. factors affecting amount, 213. form of surface, 212. relation to plant, 261. Capillarity and ground water, 214. 752 INDEX Carbohydrates and nitrogen fixation, 404. Carbohydrate* as source of energy, 456. Carbohydrate* in soil, 127. Carbon* 4, 6. Carbon dioxide, absorption of, 366. aa an influence on climate, 49. and root action, 406, 408. end product of decay, 138. functions in soil, 481. in soil air, 21, 139, 410, 478. in atmosphere, 139. product of decay, 130. production by bacteria, 406. use in soil analysis, 339. Carbon disulfide as soil antiseptic, 465. Carbon disulfide from plant decay, 140. Carbonate of lime, 540. Carbonates of lime, effect on nitrates, 536. Carbonates, acid test for, 388. Carbonates in earth's crust, 11. Carbonates, effect on soil, 482. Carbonation as weathering agent, 19. Carbonised material in soil, 140, 144. Carriers, in fertilisers, 555. Catalytic action of soil, 528. Catalytic fertiliser, 528. Catch crops, and nitrate conservation, 455. Cauatio lime, 539. Cement pit storage of manure, 604. Centrifugal soil analysis, 93. Cephalothecium, disease organism in soil, 426. Cereals, absorptive power, 414. Chabasite, 356. Checking of losses by evaporation, 272. of losses by leaching, 267. Chemical agents of rock decay, 14. Chemical analysis of soil, 327. complete, 328. extraction with acids, 329. extraction with water, 340. Chemical changes due to heat, 291. Chemical composition of soils. See Analysis. Chili saltpeter, 498. Chloride of potash, 523. Chlorine, 6. Chlorine as fertiliser, 544. Chlorite, 9. Chloroform as soil antiseptio, 473. Cistern storage of manure, 605. Citric acid method, 336. Class, the soil, defined, 103. Class, the soil, in ri aerification, 722. Classification of rocks, 6. Classification of soil material, geological. 31. Classification of soil particles, 96. Classification of soil, factors used, 720. Classification of soil, outline of, 721. Cleat idium paatorianvm, 463. Clay, character of separate, 98. Clay, colloidal, 161. Climate and acidity, 882. Climate and efficiency of fertiliser, 568. Climate, influence on soil, 65. Climate as factor in soil classification, 724. Clouds, effect on radiation, 306. Clod crushers, 678. Coefficient of cohesion, 175. Coefficients of drainage, 651, 652. Coefficients of expansion of rooks, 17. Coefficient of friction, 229. Coefficient of hygroscopicity, 206. Coefficient of plasticity, 171. Coefficient of wilting, 257, 258. Cohesion defined, 173. Cohesion, determination, 174. Cohesion, control, 183, 197. Cohesion, factors affecting, 178. Cold and heat as weathering agents, 16. Collectotrichum, disease organism in soil, 426. Colloids in the soil, 153. Colloids, absorption by, 369. and acids, 165. chemistry, 153. effect of roots on, 411. estimation of, 166. factors affecting, 165. organic, 140. preparation of, 163. Colloidal humus, 133. materials, 346. matter, relation to phosphates, 617. phases, 158. state, 154. Colluvial soils described, 38. Color of soil, 73. Color of soils, due to weathering, 20. due to humus, 75. due to iron, 75. agricultural significance, 78. and temperature, 301. Color of arid and humid soils, 72. of glacial soil, 53. of marine soil, 44. of residual soil, 33. INDEX 758 Colters, types, 072. Commercial value of fertiliser, 560. Complete solution of soil, 328. Composition, of arid and humid soils, 72. of animal manures, 684. of alkali, 391. of cumulose soil, 37. of crops, 410. of drainage water, 360. of gases from manure, 504. of glacial soil, 52. of glacial and residual clay, 68, 60. of humus, 131, 140. of horse and cot/ manure, 581. of loess, 60. of marl, 38. of manure litter, 580. of plants, 127, 418. of residual and marine soil, 66. of rotted manure, 596. of residual soil, 33. of soil in general, 2. of soil-forming minerals, 0. of soil due to weathering, 20. of soil separates, 101. of subsoil, 332. of soil air, 139, 477. of surface water, 373. of yard manure, 578. Composting manure, 613. Concentration and growth, 417. Concrete tile, 641. Condensation, heat of, 209. Conduction of heat in soil, 307. Conservation of moisture in irrigation, 710. Convection in soil, 307. Coprolites as fertiliser, 512. Cornell tanks, composition of drainage water, 372. Cornell University, bacteria in soil, 429. effect of magnesium, 539. nitrates in soil, 451. production of manure, 587. soil inoculation, 462. Cottonseed meal, as fertiliser, 507. Cover crops and green manure, 620. Covered barnyards for manure, 605. Cow manure, composition, 584. Creatinine, plant-food, 497. Cropping, alternate in dry-farming, 714. Cropping, effect in soil ventilation, 488. Crops, composition of, 419. drought-resistant, 715. effect of alkali on, 394. 3o Crops, efficiency of fertiliser, 568. feeding power, 415. for green manure, 622. suited to basic soils, 385. suited to acid soil, 384. Crumb structure, 109. Crushers and packers as soil pulveriser, 678. Cultivators, types, 673. Cultures, mixed nitrogen-fixing, 464. Cultures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 458, 461. Cumulose soils, 35. Cyanamid, nitrogen fertiliser, 502. Cyanamid in fertiliser mixtures, 566. Cytase, ensyme, 440. Dam, canvas, 701. Damping-off fungi in soil, 425. Dead furrow, objectionable, 671. "Dead" furrows, for drainage, 635. Decay of green manure in soil, 622. of organic matter in soil, 128. organic, and soil temperature, 315. and putrefaction, 443. of rocks, law of, 24. Decomposition of organic matter, 440. Decomposition of rook, 14. Deep-tilling plow, 667. Deflocculation of sodium nitrate, 499. Delta defined, 41. Denitrification, 456. Denudation, rate of, in U. 8., 14. Denudation by Mississippi River, 15. Deoxidation as weathering agent, 20. Department of Agriculture, U. 8. Nitro- culture, 462. Depth of moisture storage in soil, 710. for plowing, 669. of soil in relation to humus, 148. of soil mulch, 278. of tile drains, 646. Detention of plant-food in soil, 332. Dewey system of classification, 726. Diabase, 6. Diffusion of gases in soil, 483. Dihydroxystearic acid, 376. Diorite, 6. Disease of plants and moisture, 253. Diseases of plants, effect of lime, 536. Disease organisms in soil 426. Disease resistance, effect of phosphorus, 550. effect of nitrogen, 549. Disintegration of rock, 14. Disk harrow, single and double, 676. 752 INDEX Carbohydrates and nitrogen fixation, 464. Carbohydrates as source of energy* 456. Carbohydrates in soil, 127. Carbon, 4, 6. Carbon dioxide, absorption of, 366. as an influence on climate, 49. and root action, 406, 408. end product of decay, 138. functions in soil, 481. in soil air, 21, 139, 410, 478. in atmosphere, 139. product of decay, 130. production by bacteria, 408. use in soil analysis, 339. Carbon disulfide as soil antiseptic, 466. Carbon disulfide from plant decay, 140. Carbonate of time, 540. Carbonates of lime, effect on nitrates, 536. Carbonates, acid test for, 388. Carbonates in earth's crust, 11. Carbonates, effect on soil, 482. Carbonation as weathering agent, 19. Carbonised material in soil, 140, 144. Carriers, in fertilisers, 555. Catalytic action of soil, 528. Catalytic fertiliser, 628. Catch crops, and nitrate conservation, 455. Caustie lime, 539. Cement pit storage of manure, 604. Centrifugal soil analysis, 93. Cephalothecium, disease organism in soil, 426. Cereals, absorptive power, 414. Chabasite, 356. Checking of losses by evaporation, 272. of losses by leaching, 267. Chemical agents of rock decay, 14. Chemical analysis of soil, 327. complete, 328. extraction with acids, 329. extraction with water, 340. Chemical changes due to heat, 291. Chemical composition of soils. See Analysis. Chili saltpeter, 408. Chloride of potash, 523. Chlorine, 6. Chlorine as fertiliser, 544. Chlorite, 9. Chloroform as soil antiseptic, 473. Cistern storage of manure, 605. Citric acid method, 336. Class, the soil, defined, 103. Class, the soil, in classification, 722. Classification of rocks, 6. Classification of soil material, gfologiiTS1. 31. Classification of soil particles, 95. Classification of soil, factors used, 720. Classification of soil, outline of, 721. Clostridium paatorianum, 463. Clay, character of separate, 98, Clay, colloidal, 161. Climate and acidity, 882. Climate and efficiency of fertiliser, 568. Climate, influence on soil, 65. Climate as factor in soil daasifieation, 724. Clouds, effect on radiation, 300. Clod crushers, 678. Coefficient of cohesion, 176. Coefficients of drainage, 651, 662. Coefficients of expansion of rooks, 17. Coefficient of friction, 229. Coefficient of hygroscopicity, 206. Coefficient of plasticity, 171. Coefficient of wilting, 257, 258. Cohesion defined, 173. Cohesion, determination, 174. Cohesion, control, 183, 197. Cohesion, factors affecting, 178. Cold and heat as weathering agents, 16. Collectotriohum, disease organism ia soil, 426. Colloids in the soil, 153. Colloids, absorption by, 359. and acids, 165. chemistry, 153. effect of roots on, 411. estimation of, 166. factors affecting, 165. organic, 140. preparation of, 163. Colloidal humus, 133. materials, 346. matter, relation to phosphates, 517. i* phases, 158. •. state, 154. ■ w m Colluvial soils described, 38. f. Color of soil, 73. \ Color of soils, due to weathering, 20. due to humus, 75. due to iron, 75. agricultural significance, 78. and temperature, 301. Color of arid and humid soils, 72. V of glacial soil, 53. of marine soil, 44. of residual soil, 33. 1 r I t I I I » •".u 5T«* nv^ooA«', 754 INDEX Disk plow, 666. Disking to hold moisture, 714. Ditching machines, 649. Dolomite, 6, 9. Drag as soil pulveriser, 680. Drain till, quality, 640. Drainage and absorption, 368. Drainage and denitrification, 456. coefficient, 651. effects on soil, 630. effect on soil ventilation, 477, 488. effect on soil bacteria, 434. extent of need, 628. efficiency of fertiliser, 568. formation of humus, 152. history of development, 629. of irrigated and alkali land, 659. of land, indications of need, 627. methods, 634. muck and peat soil, 658. promoted by soil organisms, 422. reclamation of alkali land, 400. relation to green manure practice, 624. relation to colloids, 166. run-off checked, 269. systems, arrangement, 643. toxic materials eliminated, 137. use of explosives, 661. tile drains, 639. vertical, 660T. Drainage water at Bromberg, 370. Drainage water, composition, 369, 351. Drainage water, relation of phosphates and carbon dioxide, 482. Drains, protection of joints, 642. Dried blood, 507. Drift defined, 52. Drought-resistant crops, 715. Dry-farming practices, 713. principles, 712. drought-resistant crops, 715. soils best suited for, 716. extent, 717. Drying and wetting, effect on granula- tion, 187. Dust mulch, 272. Dust mulch under irrigation, 705, 710. Duty of water in irrigation, 708. Dynamite, drainage by means of, 661. Earthworms, action on soil, 19. Earthworms and productiveness, 422. Effective diameter of soil particles, 122. Effective surface of soil, 125. Effects of organic matter on soil, 150. Electrical production of nitrogen fep tiliser, 502. Elements of plant-food, 3. Enaymotic action of bacteria, 129. Ensymes, effect on plant-food, 438. Ensymes in roots, 407. Epidote, 9. Erosion, agencies causing, 14. effect of drainage, 633. in ditches, limits of grade, 636. ice as agency, 16. in irrigation canals, 694. rate of, in U. S., 14. wind action, 15. Eskers, 50\ Evaporation, and alkali, 282. and temperature, 314. and wind movement, 285. at Rothamsted, 271. from plants, 270. prevented by, 272. rainfall lost by, 271. Excreta from animals, 577. Exhaustion of soil, 419. Expansion of minerals by heat, 16. Explosives, drainage by means of, 661. Factors for plant growth, 3. Factory-mixed fertiliser, 563. Fall plowing, relation to dry-farming, 713. Fall and spring plowing, 283. Farm manures, 677. Farm manure, waste, 597. Fats in soil, 127. Fats, effect on capillarity, 211. Feeding power of plants, 414. Feldspar, as potash fertiliser, 524. Feldspar in soil separates, 101. Fermentation, effect on phosphates, 520 Fermentation of manure, 591. • Ferrio phosphate availability, 337. Fertilisers, 489. Fertilisers and acidity, 381. amounts to use, 572. application of, 570. brands, 555. catalytic, 530. commercial value, 560. commercial, extent of use, 492. effect on toxic material, 137. factors in efficiency, 568. for special crops, 571. grades of, 562. home mixing, 563. incompatible material, 565. INDEX 755 fertilisers, inspection, 656. mixed, 561. nitrogen, 493. penetration into soil, 354. practice, 546. potash, 522. systems of, 573. sulfur, 524. trade value, 559. Fertilising crops, 571. Filler in fertiliser, 656. Filler in fertiliser, muck, 545. Film water, 206, 210. Fineness in phosphates, 513. Finger lakes, 50. Fire-fanging, manure, 596. First bottom land, 42. Fish as fertiliser, 508. Floats to reinforce manure, 610. Flocculation, 159. Flooding, as means of soil infection, 426L Flooding, irrigation by, 699. Flume, for measurement of water, 707. Flushing, correction for alkali, 401. Food of animal, effect on manure, 582. Food elements, sources, 4. Food material in crops, 418. Food of plants, absorption of, 404. Forces of weathering, 14. Formic acid secreted by roots, 408. Forests and acidity, 380. Forest trees, myoorrhise of, 428. Free water in soil, 236. Free water, bad effects, 262. Freesing, effect on granulation, 189. relation to soil colloids, 166. Fresh versut leached manure, 601. Friction and available water, 256. Friction coefficient, 229. Frost as soil pulveriser, 680. Frost as weathering agent, 17. Frozen soil, bacteria in, 431. Fruiting effect of nitrogen, 548. Fruits, feeding power, 416. Functions of fertilisers, elements, 547, 549, 551. of soil to plant, 1. of water to plant, 243. Fungi and ftre-fanging of manure, 596. Fungi in soil, 423. Furrow, back, productive, 671. correct position, 668. dead, objectionable, 671. depth and width, 669. use in irrigation, 702. Fusarium as a disease organism, 426. Gabbro, 6. Gases, from manure, 594. Gel colloids, 159. Geological classification of soil material, 31. Germination, effect of heat on, 290. Glacial drift, 47. Glacial ice, as erosive agent, 16. Glacial lakes, 55. Glacial soil, composition, 52. Glacial soil, humus in, 54. Glacial soils, 47. Glauconite, solubility, 339. Gneiss, 6. Grade of drains, 645. Grain, effect of phosphorus, 550 effect of potassium, 551. effect of nitrogen, 548. Granite, 6, 8. weathering of, 27. Granular soil, 111. Granulation, 185. Granulation, cause of, 187. defined, 170. effect of plow, 195. effect on cohesion, 179. Granulation of soil and optimum mois- ture, 263. effect of drainage, 630. modified by tillage, 663. Qranulabader, group of bacteria, 464. Granules in soil, 109. Grass crops, feeding power, 416. Gravel, 99. Gravitational water, 201, 233. Gravitational water, injurious to crops, 261. calculation of, 237. control of, drainage, 627. movement, factors affecting, 233, 235. movement of, 233. study of. 238. Green manure, 151. Green manure, and acidity, 379. conditions for plowing under, 624. constituents added, 621. crops, 622. decay in soil, 622. denitrification, 547. effects, 619. lime relations, 625. relation to the rotation, 625. Ground limestone, 540. Ground water and capillarity, 214. Group, the, in soil classification, 723. 756 INDEX Growing season, effect of drainage, 631. Growth, effects of nitrogen, 647. Guano, as fertiliser, 607. Guarantee, fertiliser, 668. Gypsum, 0, 642. Gypsum, oorreetion for alkali, 400. Gypsum, lime fertiliser, 680. Gypsum, solvent action of roots on, 406. Gypsum to reinforoe manure, 600. Handling manure, 602. Hardpan, alkali, effect on drainage, 660. Harrow as cultivator, 676. Heat, absorption of, 300. and cold, meohanioal action, 16. chemical and physioal changes due to, 201. condensation, 200. convection in soil, 307. functions of, in soil, 280. effect on soil, 466. unit defined, 314. sources in soil, 202. specific heat of soil, 204. Head of water, defined, 706 Head of water for irrigation, 702. Heaving of soil indicates wetness, 628, 632. Heiden's formula for manure production, 688. Helminthosporium, disease organism, 426. Hematite, 0. Hematite, hydration of, 21. Herring-bone system of drainage, 646. High-grade fertiliser, 662. Hillside plow, 670. Histidine, plant-food, 407. Home-mixing fertiliser, 663. Home-mixing fertiliser, method, 667. Hoof meal as fertiliser, 607. Hornblende, 0. Hornblende in soil separates, 101. Horse manure, composition, 684. Humid and arid soils, 71. Humid climatoa, irrigation in, 680. soils, composition of, 72. soils, organic matter of, 146, 147. Humidity, effect on hygrosoopioity, 207. Humus, absorption by, 365. Humus ash composition, 146. and conductivity, 310. and capillarity, 210. and efficiency of fertiliser, 660. and roots of plant*, 127. Humus and run-off, 960. and specific heat, 207. as plant-food, 405. composition of, 131. content of soils, 147, effect of drainage on formation, 632. effect on hygroscoploity, 204. effect on granulation, 100. effect on cohesion, 170. effects on soil, 160. estimation of, 142, 144. in glacial soil, 64. nature of, in soil, 130. specific gravity of, 113. Humus, defined, 130. Hydration as weathering agent, 20. Hydrochloric acid used in soil survey, 728. Hydrochloric acid solution of soil, 329. Hydrochloric acid test for carbonates, 388. Hydrogen, 4, 6. Hydrogen, from plant decay, 140. Hygroscopic coefficient, 257. Hygroscopic moisture, 201, 202. Hygroscopic moisture and plasticity, 171. relation to oolloids, 168. relation to plants, 266. Hygrosoopioity, determination of, 208. Ice, as erosive agent, 16. Ice-formed soils, 62. Ice sheet, 47. Igneous soil-forming rooks, 6. Implements, tillage, 664. Infection by soil fungi, 426. Inoculation of soil for legumes, 460. Inorganic colloids, 168, 162. Insects in soil, 423. Inspection of fertilisers, 666.' Interception losses in forests, 287. Iodine in ash of sea weed, 404. Iron, 4, 6. Iron a oatalytic fertiliser, 520. Iron as a soil oolor, 75. Iron phosphate available, 337. Iron in soil separates, 102. Irrigation, amount of water applied, 708. amount of water to apply, 710. and alkali, 307. application of water and yield, 208. canals, 603. oanals, linings, 604. conditions that warrant, 683. development in the United States. 68ft INDEX 757 Irrigation, erosion in canals, 604. flooding, 600. furrow, 702. history, 686. in humid regions, 680. legal, economio and social effects, 601. land, drainage of, 650. land, extent of, 685. methods of water supply, 688. methods of applying water, 606. movement of water, 704. preparation of land, 605. relation to rainfall, 682. setting of fruit, 700. sewage, 711. sources of water, 603. sub, 606. theory and practice, 682. units of water measurement, 706. Jointer, 672. Joints, protection in tile drains, 642. Kainit, potassium salt, 522. Kainit to reinforce manure, 600. Karnes, 50. Kaolin, specific heat, 200. Kaolinite, 0. Lacustrine soils, 56. Lagoons, 40. Land drainage, indications of need, 627. Land plaster, 542. Land plaster to reinforce manure, 600. Leaching of manure, 500. Leather meal as fertiliser, 607. Legumes and symbiosis* 458. Legumes, feeding power, 415. Legume manure, nitrogen added by, 621. Leguminous green manures, 623. Lento-capiUarity, 257. Lento-capillarity, denned, 224. Leudte, solubility, 330. Level tillage, 286. Lime as amendment, effects, 534. Lime carbonate, 333. Lime, a catalytic fertiliser, 528. effect on bacteria, 432, 436. effect on nitrates, 536. effect on toxic substances, 586. effect on efficiency of fertiliser, 560. effect on sanitation of soil, 188. effect on granulation, 108. fertiliser mixtures of, 566. Lime, flocculating agent, 160. forms of, 530. formation of humus, 162. green manure and, 625. loss in drainage, 372. manure and, 812. nitrogen fixations, 464. relation to available phosphorus, 517. relation to soil colloids, 166. relation to soil diseases, 426. run-off relationships, 260. soil separate content, 101. soil and subsoil content, 378. Lime-magnesia ratio, 538. Lime phosphate, effect of bacteria on, 430. Limestone, 6, 8. Limestone for soil, 530. Limestone, residual soil from, 33. Limestone soil, not rich in lime, 28. Limestone, weathering of, 27. Limewater test for acidity, 300. Limonite, 0. Linseed meal as fertiliser, 507. Liquid manure compared with solid, 585. Lister, seeder cultivator, 678. Listing, effect on soil ventilation, 487. Lysimeter described, 230. Litmus test for acidity, 386. Litter, absorptive capacity, 603. Litter in manure, 578, 580. Loam, defined, 104. Loess, JSolian soil, 58. description and composition, 50. wind origin, 15. soil distribution of, 51. Loss of manure in handling, 583, 600. Low-grade fertiliser, 562. Machinery, tillage, 664. Macroorganisms in soil, 421. Macrosporium, disease organism in soil, 426. Magnesium, 4, 6 Magnesium carbonate, and nitrates, 536. catalytic fertiliser, 530. in soil separates, 102. Manure. 480. Manure, amount produced by animals, 587. commercial value, 580. composition, causes of variation, 580. composition of gases from, 504. composition of rotted, 506. composting, 613. 758 INDEX Manure, oovered yards and pits, 605. denitrification of, 457. destruction of organic matter in feed, 597. effect of food of animal, 582. effect of handling on composition, 583,600. effects on the soil, 613. effect on soil ventilation, 488. farm, 597. farm corrects alkali, 403. fermentation, 591. frequent small applications, 607. fresh veraua leached, 601. fire-fanging, 596. functions, 489. green, 619. green and lime, 625. Heidens formula for production, 588. lime and, 612. muck and, 613. needs and plant food deficiency, 334. organic and nitrification, 450. plowing under, 608. reinforcement, 609. residual effects, 614. rotation relation, 615. small vernu large applications, 608. spreader, 608. storage in open piles, 606. yard composition, 578. Marble, 6, 43. Marine soil compositions, 66. Marl, 530. Marl, composition, 38. found under muck, 37. Marsh mud composition, 37. Maturity, effect of nitrogen, 548. Maturity, effect of phosphorus, 550. Maximum water content, 262. Measurement of water in irrigation, 706. Meat, as fertiliser, 507. Mechanical analysis, 84. Mechanical analysis of samples, 728. Meeker harrow, 677. Metamorphic soil-forming rocks, 6. Methane in soil air, 140. Mica in soil separates, 101. Microoline, solubility, 338. Microorganisms, 424. Microorganisms, effect of sulfur, 525. Mineral acid, method of analysis, 338. colloids, 162. definition of, 7. matter, decomposition by bacteria, 437. Mineral acid, nutrients of feed in nut nure, 597. phosphates as fertiliser, 512. Minerals, absorbed by plants, 416. law of decay, 24. relative abundance, 11. rock-forming, 8. soil-forming, 8. Mineralogical character of soil separates; 99. Miner's inch of water, defined, 708. Minimum, law of, 551. Mississippi River, denudation by, 15. Mixed fertilisers, 561. Modification of structure, 187. Module, for measuring water, 709. Moisture of the soil, 198. conductivity relations, 310. capacity of soil, effect of drainage, 631. capillary form, 210. conservation in irrigation, 710. content, effect on soil air, 476. control of, 264. effect on bacteria, 434. effect on cohesion, 179. effect of movement on soil air, 484. equivalents of soil, 220. forms of, 200. gravitational, 233. hygroscopic, 202. maximum content, 221. methods of stating, 198. relation to colloids, 165. relation to decay, 129. relation to plowing, 196. used by plant, 261. uses to plant, 243. Moldboard plows, 667. Moldboard, shapes for best result, 196. Molds in soil, ammonify proteins, 427. Mole drainage, 638. Moraine, terminal, 50. Movement, of soil air, 483. heat, 307. heat factors affeoting, 308, 310. moisture, capillary, 221. moisture, factors affecting capillarity, 223. moisture, gravitational, 233. moisture, thermal, 241. water, affected by friction, 223. water, affected by texture, 229. water, affected by structure, 232. Muck, defined, 36. INDEX 759 Muck, as fertiliser, 545. and manure, 613. and moisture control, 272. nitrogen compounds in, 133. specific growth of, 113. Mulch and the control of alkali, 402. Mulch, depth of, 278. depth in irrigation farming, 705, 715. dry-farming, use in, 714. effectiveness in arid regions, 277. effect other than on moisture, 280. factors of effectiveness, 275. formation of, 276. functions of, 274. kinds of, 273. management of, 278. of son. 233. resume of control, 278. usefulness of, 282. water saved by, 279. Mulching grain crops, 282. Muriatic acid used in soil survey, 728. Muscovite, 9. Muscovite, solubility, 339. Mycorrhiaa, relation to fertility, 423. Mycotrophic plants, 423. Natural mulch, 273. Negative acidity, 376. Nematodes in soil, 424. Nephelite, solubility, 339. Nitrate assimilation by bacteria, 456. Nitrate of calcium, fertiliser, 505. Nitrate of soda, as plant food, 498. Nitrate, reduction of, 455. Nitrates, conserved by green manure, 620. constituent of alkali, 392. effect of lime on, 536. in soil, effect of absorption on, 341. loss from soil, 454. product of decay processes, 130. returned to surface, 454. Nitric acid method of analysis, 338. Nitric acid solution of soil, 329. Nitrification in soil, 447. effect of aeration, 452. effect of antiseptics, 465. effect of carbon bisulfide, 466. effect of depth, 453. effect of organic matter, 449. effect of sod, 452. temperature for, 435. Nitrobacter in soil, 448. Nitrogen, 4, 12. absorption of, 367. Nitrogen, added to soil by legumes, 621. available from atmosphere, 501. chemical estimation, 329. cycle, 443. effects on plant growth, 547. effect on tozio material, 137. fertilisers, 493. fertiliser from the air, 501. fertilisers, organic, 507. fixation, 457. fixation and mycorrhim, 428. fixation by molds, 427. fixation, non-symbiotic, 463. fixing organisms, 463. forms in soil, 493. forms used by plants, 448, 464. found in animal manures, 597. in humus, 147. loss in drainage, 372. loss from Rothamsted soil, 500. necessary to plants, early studies, 491. supply and bacteria, 428. utilised by bacteria, 459. " Nitrogen " culture, 461. NUrosococcua in soil, 448. Nitrowmona* in soil, 448. Nodules on plant roots, 458. Number of soil particles, 118. Nutrient salts, absorption of, by plants, 404. absorption by soils, 349. selective absorption, 362. Odometer used in soil survey, 727. Oils, effect on capillarity, 214. Oils in soil, 128. Oily material, and capillary movement, 226,228. Oily materials in soil, 275. Olivine, 9. Open ditches, construction, 635. Open-ditch drainage, objections, 634. Optimum water content, 262. Orchards, manure in, 617. Organic colloids, 157, 161. Organic fertiliser availability, 510. Organic constituents of soils, 2, 12, 128, 131. Organic decay and soil temperature, 81& Organic matter, 12. absorption by, 365. and capillary water, 218. catalytic action, 529. composition in soil, 135. effect on granulation, 190. 760 INDEX Organic matter, effect on nitrification, 440. effect on phosphates, 520. effects on soil, 150. effect on soil bacteria, 435. efficiency of fertiliser, 569. estimation of, 141. losses in digesting food, 507. maintenance in soil, 151. relation to air in soil, 476. soil content, 126. soils of U. S. content, 146. source of carbon dioxide, 479. specific heat relations, 207. Organic nitrogen, plant food, 407. Organisms in soil, 421. effect of heat on, 280. effect of drainage on, 632. macro- in soil, 421. micro- in soil, 424. Orthoolase mineral, 0. solubility of, 338. weathering of, 22. Osmotic activity of plant roots, 412. Outlets to the drains, 656. Oxbows, 40. Oxidation and soil fertility, 137. Oxidation as weathering agent, 10. Oxidation of sulfur in soil, 525. Oxygen, 4, 6. Oxygen, absorption of, 367. Oxygen, effect on soil bacteria, 433. Oxygen in soil, air functions, 480. Oxygen in soil, relation to carbon dioxide, 470. Packers and crushers, 678. Packer, sub-surface, 670. Partial solution of soil, 320, 331. Particles, in soil, chemical composition, 101. in soil, mineral composition, 00. in soil, physical character, 08. of soil, classification, 05. of soil, number, 118. surface exposed in soil by, 120. Peas, materials used as food, 496. Peat, defined, 36. Peat, nitrogen compounds in, 133. Peat, specific gravity of, 113. PeniciUium glaucum in soil, 427. Percolation of water, 233. effect of pressure on, 233. effect of texture and structure on, 235. effect on air movement, 483. Percolation of water, losses from, 26ft. losses from, control, 267. objection to, in irrigation, 704. Rothamated figures on, 266. Poridotite, 8. Permutite, absorption by, 357. Peruvian guano, 508. PhiUipsite, solubility, 330. Phosphate, acid, to reinforce manure, 610. bone, early manufacture, 402. calcium, root action on, 406. effect of bacteria on, 430, 437. fertilisers, 511. fertilisers, relative availability, 616. insoluble, 358. of iron and aluminum, 337. row rock, to reinforce manure, 610. relation to carbon dioxide, 482. reverted, 515. Phosporio acid, absorption of, 352, 367. Phosphorite as fertiliser, 512. Phosphorus in soil, 4, 6. effect on toxic material, 137. effects on plant growth, 540. in soil separates, 101. Physical agencies of weathering, 14. absorption, 350. changes due to heat, 201* character of soil separates, 08. effect of organic matter, 150. Piedmont soils, 34. Plagioolase, 0. Plane table for soil survey, 727. Planker, as soil pulveriser, 680. Plant food, elements of, in soil, 3. Plant food, deficiencies and manurial needs, 334. distribution in liquid and solid ma- nure, 586. elements, abundanoe of, 5. elements, essential, 417. elements, sources of, 4. appearing in manure, 507. in soil minerals, 101. in plants, 418. limiting elements, 4. proportion of feed in manure, 581. relation to bacteria, 428. relation to dilution, 332. shown by analysis, 330. supplied in sewage, 711. Plant growth, effects of nitrogen, 547. factors for, 3. functions of water, 243. and the soil solution, 347. and strength of soil solution, 417. INDEX 761 Plant nutrients, absorption of, 404. Plant roots in soil, 434. Plant roots, solvent action, 405. Plants, absorptive power, 412. acid in juices, 379. available water for, 261. composition of, 128. effect of alkali on, 394. effect on availability of phosphorus, 518. effect on granulation, 192. indicating an acid soil, 382. requirements for growth, 3. soil-forming agents, 18. soil shelters, 287. succession on soil, 1. utilise simple and complex material, 131. water requirements of, 244. Plasticity, causes of, 172. Plasticity, defined, 170. Plow attachments, 671. effect on granulation, 195. hillside, 670. as tillage implement, 665. subsoil, 672. sale of, 670. Plowing, correct position of furrow, 668. depth, 669. fall, relation to dry-farming, 713. under manure, 608. Ponoelet's formula, 652. Pore space in spherioal particles, 109. in soil, 115. in soil, calculation, 116. Porosity and diffusion of gases, 483. Positive acidity, 375. Potassium in soils, 4, 6. absorption of, 358. chloride, 523. effects on plant growth, 551. effect on toxic material, 137. fertilisers, 522. nitrate test for acidity, 388, 389. soil separates content, 101. solubility, 339. sulfate, 523. Poultry manure, composition, 582, 588. Pressure, atmospheric, affects soil air, 484. Properties of soil separates, 98, 99, 101. Protein decay, 447. Proteins in soil, 127. Protosoa, relation to soil productive- ness, 471. Province, the, in soil classification, 723. Puddled soil, 110. Pulverising action of plow, 195, 665. Putrefaction and decay, 443. Putrefaction, products of, 445. Quarts, mineral, 9. Quarts, specific heat, 299. Quarts, in soil separates, 99. Quartzite, 6. Quicklime, 539. Quicksand, management in drainage, 660. Radiation, effect of moisture, 805. Radiation from soil, 302. Rainfall, distribution in world, 683, 686. effect on soil ventilation, 483. relation to irrigation, 682. Raw rock phosphate, 512. Reclamation servioe of the United States, 688, 690. Reconnoissanoe soil surveys, 737. Reduction of nitrates, 455. Reinforcement of manure, 609. Residual effects of manure, 614. Residual soils, colors, 33. characters of, 32. composition of, 66. defined, 31. distribution of, 34. origin of, 31. Resinous material in soil, 275. Reverted phosphate, 515. Ridge tillage ssrsus level, 287. Riparian rights, modified under irriga- tion, 691. Ripening and moisture, 253. Rodents in soil, 421. Rock flour, 68. Rock rot, 68. Rock-forming minerals, 8. Rock, definition of, 7. Rocks, acid, 7. basic, 7. classification of, 6. coefficients of expansion, 17. decay agencies of, 14. law of decay, 24. soil-forming, 6. solubility in sodium carbonate, 26. weathering of, 13. Rolling and moisture control, 284. Roller as soil pulveriser, 679. Root crops, feeding power, 415. Root-hairs and food absorption, 404. Root-hairs, relation to soil particles, 405. 762 INDEX Root development, effect of drainage. 631. Root excretions, 136. Roots, effect on colloids, 411. effect of phosphorus, 550. effect on soil ventilation, 488. entrance into tile, 642. extent of surface, 412. nodules on, 458. of plants, distribution, 81. of plants and humus, 127. of plants under dry-farming, 717. of plants in soil, 424. oxidising ensyroes in, 407. solvent action, 405. Rotation and green manure, 625. of crops and maintenance of humus, 152. of crops and manure, 615. of crops, remedy for soil diseases, 425. Rothamsted, composition of drainage water, 370. drain gauges, 266. losses of nitrogen, 500. Run-off, losses from, 265. Salt, as amendment, 543. Sampling soil in the field, 731. Sand, 99. Sand dunes, 63. Sandstone, 6, 8. Sanitation of soil, effect of drainage, 633. Sanitation of soil and toxic material, 137. Saturated soil, 201. Sawdust as litter, 603. Schist, 6. Scraping, correction for alkali, 401. Second-food of water, defined, 706. Sediment in water, effect on erosion, 637. Sedimentary, soil-forming rocks, 6. Seeding machines as cultivators, 678. Seepage, extent and prevention in irri- gation, 694. Selective absorption, 362. Selective absorption by colloids, 165. Separates, mineralogical character, 99. Separates, physical oharacter of, 98. Separates of soil, 84. Series, the, in soil classification, 722. Series of soil, named, 725. Serpentine, 9. Sewage irrigation, 711. Sewage-sick soil, 474. Shading and moisture loss, 287. Shale, 6. Sheep manure, composition, 584. Shelters and moisture control, 285. Siderite, 0. Silica in soil separates, 102. Silicates, absorption by, 360. Silicates, influence on absorption, 857. Silicon, 6. Silt, charaoter of separate, 98. Silt-basins, in drains, 656. Silvinit, potassium salt, 523. Single-grain structure, 110. Sise of colloidal particles, 154. Sise of soil particles, 95. Sise of the drains, 650, 654. Slate, 6. Slag phosphate, 513. Slope and temperature, 317. Slime molds in soil, 425. Snow, effect on soil temperature, 806. Sod, effect on nitrification, 452. Sodium, 6. Sodium compounds, as fertiliser, 544. Sodium nitrate, as plant food, 498. Soil amendments, 534. best suited for dry-farming, 716. classification, factors used, 720. composition, general, 2. defined, 1. organic matter, 126. organisms, 421. sampling in the field, 731. solution in *itu, 342. solution and plant growth, 347. survey, accuracy and detail, 733. survey, equipment for, 726. surveys, extent, 737. survey map, 736. survey report, 735. survey, its uses, 739. survey, principles of classification, 718. type, name, 725. Soil and subsoil, arid and humid regions, 82. Soil and subsoil, defined, 79. Soil-forming minerals, 8. Soil-forming rocks, 6. Soil mulch verro* dust mulch, 275. Sol, colloidal condition, 159. Soldate, module, 707. Solid manure compared with liquid, 585. Solubility of rocks in sodium carbonate, 26. of soil and texture, 331. of the soil, 327. Solution and soil formation, 21. INDEX 763 Solution in soil and plant growth, 417. Solvent action of roots, 405. Solvents of the soil, 328. Sour soils, 375. Sources of plant food, 410. Specific gravity, absolute, 112. apparent, 113. of minerals, 112. of soil separates, 113. Specifio heat of soil, 294. Spray system of irrigation, 695. Spring, early plowing, 283. Stall manure versw yard manure, 601. Starch, effect of potassium, 551. Stassfurt salts, 522. Storage of water in soil, 279. Straw, effect of nitrogen, 548. effect of phosphorus, 550. relation to denitrification, 456. Stone drains, 638. Stone mulch, 273. Structure and capillary movement, 232. and capillary water, 217. and conductivity, 310. defined, 108. 170. effect on diffusion of gases, 483. effect on gravitational movement, 235. modified by tillage, 663. relation to air in soil, 476. temperature relations, 304. Subirrigation, 696. Subsoil and soil defined, 79. Subsoil, composition of, 332. Subsoil plow, 672. Subsoiling, relation to dry-farming, 713. Substitution of bases, 355. Substitution of elements by plant, 417. Subsurface packer, 679. Subsurface packing, 714. Sulfates as fertiliser, 526. Sulfate of ammonia as fertiliser, 499. Sulfate of potash, 523. Sulfur, 4, 6. Sulfur and acidity, 382. Sulfur as fertiliser, 524. Sulfur bacteria in soil, 439. Sulfur dioxide, from plant decay, 140. Sulfur, free, as fertiliser, 524. Sulfuric acid solution of soil, 329. Superphosphate fertiliser, 514. Surface of roots, 412. Surface of soil particles, 120. Surface tension, 211. and capillary movement, 227. and capillary water, 213. Surface water, composition of, 373. Swine manure, composition, 584. Symbiosis, nitrogen fixation through, 457. Syenite, 6, 8. Systems of fertilisation, 573. Talc, 9. Tankage as fertiliser, 507. Temperature changes, affect soil air, 484. Temperature in fermenting manure, 593. Temperature of soil aad air, 485. annual, 321. annual range, 322. control, 325. daily range, 324. effect of drainage, 631. effect of slope, 317. effeot of snow, 306. evaporation influence, 314. factors affecting, 293. influence on absorption, 367. influence on bacterial activity, 435. influence on efficiency of fertiliser, 568. influence decay, 129. influence on hygrosoopicity, 207. influence on movement of water, 234. influence on organic decay, 315. Tenacity of soil, 174. Terrace, defined, 41. Texture, adaptation of crops to, 105. defined, 83. effect on capillary movement, 214, 229. effect on cohesion, 179. effect on conductivity, 308. effect on hygrosoopicity, 204. relation to air in soil, 475. relation to gravitational movement 235. relation to soil classification, 722. relation to solubility of soil, 331. relation to wilting point, 260. rock, and weathering, 23. influence on absorption, 355. influence on diffusion of gases, 483. temperature relations, 304. Thermal movement of water, 241. Tile, quality, 640. Tile drains, 639. carrying capacity, 651. cost, 654. dangers from roots, 642. depth, 646. formula for sise of tile, 652. grade, 645. 764 INDEX Tile drains, interval, 647. laying, 649. outlets, 656. silt basins, 656. sise, 650, 654. surface intakes, 656. trenches, construction, 648. Tile drainage in alkali land, 659. Tile drainage in muck and peat soil, 658. Till, glacial soil, 53. Tillage, objects, 643. relation to colloids, 166. relation on granulation, 194. relation to means of soil infection, 425. relation to run-off, 269. relation to soil ventilation, 487. implements, 664. practices, 663. Tillering and moisture, 253. Tilth, effect of lime, 534. Tilth of soil, 184. Tone material and drainage, 262, 632. Toxic material in soil, 136. Toxic substances, effect of lime, 636. Toxicity and toss of bases, 378. Trade values of fertiliser, 559. Transpiration ratio, 244. Transpiration and fertility, 250. Transported soils, 31, 46. Type of soil, named, 725. Type of soil, the unit, 720. Unavailable soil water, 256. Underdrains, advantages, 635. Underdrains, tile, 639. Units in water measurement, 706. 