None
Elastic-limit of wire rope, 917 relation of to endurance, 238 Wqhler's experiments on, 238 Elastic resilience, 270 resistance to torsion, 282 Elasticity, coefficient of, 237 modulus of, 237 moduli of, of various materials, 314 Electrical conductivity of steel, 403 Electrical engineering, 1024-1077 alternating currents, 1061-1077 direct currents, 1024-1060 Electrical horse-power, 1031; table, 1039 machines, tables of, 1074-1077 resistance, 1027-1032 symbols, 1078 Electricity, standards of measure- ment, 1024 systems of distribution, 1041 units used in, 1024 Electric circuits (see Circuits, elec- tric) currents, alternating, 1061-1078 (see Alternating currents) currents, direct, 1024-1060 current, direction of, 1054 currents, heating due to, 1031 current required to fuse wires, 1032 currents, short xurcuiting of, 1036 heaters, 546, 1044 light, stations, economy of en- gines in, 785 lighting, ! lighting, 1041-1043 motors, alternating current, 1071, 1077 motors, direct current, 1055, 1074 r!076 railways, 1041 storage-batteries, 1045-1048 transmission, 1033-1041 (see Transmission, electric) wires (see Wires, electric) welding, 1046 Electro-chemical equivalents, 1049 Electro-magnets, 1050-1054 polarity of, 1054 strength of, 1053 winding for, 1053 Electro-magnetic measurements, 1050 Electrolysis, 1048 Elements, chemical, table, 163 of machines, 435-440 Elevators, coal, 912a Ellipse, construction of, 46, 47 equations of , 70 measures of, 59, 60 Ellipsoid, 63 Elongation, measurement of, 243 E.M.F. of electric circuits, 1030 of armature circuit, 1056 Emery, grades of, 968 wheels, speed and selection of, 967 Emery-wheels strains in, 969 Endless rope system of haulage, 914 screw 440 Endurance 9f materials, relation of to elastic limit. 238 Energy, conservation of. 432 definition of, 429 measure of. exh-flo 1103 Exhauster, steam -jet, 527 Expansion, adiabatic, formulae for, 501 ; tables, 502 by heat, 459 coefficients of, 460 of iron and steel, 385 of liquids, 461 of solids by heat, 460 of steam, 742 of steam, actual ratios of, 750 of timber, 311 of water, 547 Explosions, dust, 642 Explosive energy of steam-boilers, 720 Exponents, theory of, 36 Exponential function, differential of, 77 Eye bars, tests of, 304 Factors of evaporation, 6956-699 Factor of safety, 314 in steam-boilers, 700 Fahrenheit -Centigrade conversion table, 449 Failures of stand-pipes, 294 of steel, 403 Fairbairn's experiments on riveted joints, 354 Falling bodies, graphic representa- tion, 425 bodies, laws of, 424 Fans and blowers, 511-526 capacity of, 517, 1083 comparative efficiencies, 516 Fans, best proportions of, 512 centrifugal, 511, 518-523 disk, 524-526 efficiency of, 520, 533 experiments on, 515, 516, 522 for cupolas and forges, 519 influence of speed of, 523 influence of spiral casings on, 523 pressure due to velocity of, 513 quantity of air delivered by, 514 Farad, definition and value of, 1024 Feed-pump (see Pumps) Feed water, cold, strains caused by, 727 water heaters, 727, 1083 water heaters, marine practice, 1016 water, saving due to heating, 727 water, purification of, 554 Feed-wire, stranded, table of sizes and weights, 222 Fibre-graphite lubricant, 945 Fifth roots and powers of numbers, 102 Fineness, coefficient of, 1002 Finishing temperature, effect of in steel rolling, 392 Fink roof -truss, 446 Fire, temperature of, 622 Fire-brick arches in locomotives, 857 Fire-brick, number required for various circles, table, 234 sizes and shapes of, 233 weight of, 233 Fire-cay, analysis of Mt. Flow of water, experiments on, 566- 573 of water, fall per mile and slope, table, 558 of water, Flynn's formula, 562 of water, formulae for, 557-564, 1089 of water in pipes, 557 of water in pipes at uniform velocity, table, 572 of water in cast-iron pipe, 566 of water in house-service pipes, table, 578 of water in 20" pipe, 566 of water in pipes, table from D'Arcy's formula, 569-572 of water in pipes, tables from Kutter's formula, 568, 569 of water, Kutter's formula, 559 of water, Moleswbrth's formula, 562 of water, old formula for, 564 of water over weirs, 555, 586 of water, Vr for pipes and con- duits, table, 559 of water through orifices, 555, 584 Flowing water, horse-power of, 589 water, measurement of, 582 Flues, collapsing pressure of, 265 corrugated, British rules, 266, 702 corrugated, U. S. fue-geo 1105 Fuel, wet tan-bark, 643 theory of combustion of, 620 turf, 643 weight of, 170 wood, 639. German silver, 300, 332 silver, conductivity of, 1028 Gilbert, definition and value of, 1050 Girders, allowed stresses in plate and lattice, 264 building, New York building laws, 1020 iron-plate, strength of, 297 steam-boiler, rules for, 703 Warren, stresses in, 445 Glass, skylight, sizes and weights, 184 strength of, 308 properties of, 167 Gold-melting, temperature deter- minations, 452 Gold-ore, cubic feet per ton, 170 Gordon's formula for columns, 247 Governors, steam-engine, 836-839 Grade line, hydraulic, 578 Grain elevators, 912d weight of, 170 Granite, strength of, 302, 312 Graphite, lubricant, 945 paint, 387 Grate surface in locomotives, 856 surface of a steam-boiler, 680 Gravel, cubic feet per ton, 170 Gravity, acceleration due to, 424 center of, 418 discharge elevators, 912a specific, 163-165 (see Specific gravity) Greatest common measure or divi- sor, 2 Greek letters, 1 Green's fuel economizer, 715 t Greenhouses, hot-water, heating of, 542 steam-heating of, 541 Grinder, horse-power required to run, 963 Grindstones, speed of, 968, 969 strains in, 968 varieties of, 970 Gurley's bronze, composition of, 325 Gun-bronze, variation in strength of, 321 Guns, energy of recoil of, 431 formula for thickness of, 288 Gun-metal (bronze), composition of, 325 Guy-ropes for stand-pipes, 293 Guy-wires, table of sizes, weights, and strength of, 223 Gyration, center of, 420 table of radii of, 421 radius of, 247, 249 Hammering, effect of, on steel, 412 Hardening of steel, 393, 414 Hardness of copper-tin alloys, 320 of water, 553 Haulage, wire-rope, 912d-916 wire-rope, endless rope system, 914 wire-rope, engine-plane, 913 wire-rope, inclined plane, 913 Haulage, wire-rope. Hydraulic pipe, 191 power in London, 617 press, thickness of cylinders for, 288 presses in iron works, 617 pressure, hoisting by, 617 pressure transmission, 616-620 pressure transmission, energy of, 616 pressure transmission, speed of water through pipes and valves, 617 ram, 614, 615 riveting machines, 618 Hydrometer, 165 Hygrometer, dry and wet bulb, 483 Hyperbola, asymptotes of, 71 construction of, 49 equations of, 71 curve on indicator diagrams, 759 Hyperbolic logarithms, tables of, 156-158 Hypocycloid, 50 I beams (see Beams) Ice, properties of, 550 making machines, 981-1001 (see Refrigerating machines) manufacture, 999 melting effect, 983 Illuminating-gas, 651-659 calorific equivalents of constitu- ents, 654 coal-gas, 651 fuel value of, 656 space required for plants, 656 water-gas, 652 Impact, 431 Impedailce, 1063 polyi^ns, 1064-1066 Impurities of water, 551 Incandescent lamp, 1042 Inches and fractions as decimals of afoot, table, 112 Inclined-plane, 437 motion on, 428 stresses in hoisting-ropes on, 915 plane, wire-rope haulage, 913 Incrustation and scale, 551,716 India-rubber, vulcanized, tests of, 316 Indicated horse-power, 755 Indicators, steam-engine, 754-761 (see Steam-engines) Indicator tests of locomotives, 863 Indirect heating surface, 537 Inductance, 1062 of lines and circuits, 1066 Induction motors, 1072 Inertia, definition of, 415 moment of, 247, 419 Ingots, steel, segregation in, 404 Injector, efficiency of, 726 equation of , 725 Inoxidizable surfaces, production of, 388 Inspection of steam-boilers, 720 Insulation, Underwriters', 1033. Insulators, electrical value of, 1028 Integrals, 73 table of, 78, 79 Integration, 74 Intensifier, hydraulic, 619 Interest, 13 compound, 14 Interpolation, formula for, 1080 Involute, 52 gear-teeth, 894 gear-teeth, approximation of, 896 Involution, 6 Iridium, properties of, 167 Iron and steel, 167, 364-389 and steel boiler-plate, 382 and steel, classification of, 364 and steel, effect of cold on strength of, 383 and steel in structures, formulae for unit strains in, 379 and steel, inoxidizable surface for, 388 and steel, latent heat of fusion of, 459 and steel, manganese plating of, 389 and steel, Pennsylvania Rail- road specifications for, 378 and steel, preservative coatings for, 387 and steel, rustless coatings for, 387 and steel, specific heat of, 459 and steel, tensile strength at high temperatures, 382 bars (see Bars) bridges, durability of, 385 cast, 365-376 (see Cast iron) coefficients of expansion of, 385 color of, at various tempera- tures, 455 copper-zinc alloys, 326 corrosion of, 386 corrugated, sizes and weights, 181 durability of, 385, 386 flat-rolled, weight of, 172, 173 for stay-bolts, 379 for U. S. boiler pressure, 859 boilers, size of, 855 compounding of, 863 counterbalancing of, 864 cylinders, 854 dimensions of, 8596-862 drivers, sizes of, 859 effect of speed on cylinder pres- sure, 859 efficiency of, 854 exhaust -nozzles, 856 fire-brick arches in, 857 fireless, 866 forgings, strength of, 297 formula for curves, 859a free-steaming, 855 fuel waste of, 863 grate surface of, 856 hauling capacity of, 853 horse-power of, 855 indicator tests of, 863 light, 865 link motion,. 859a 1110 loc-mea IHDEX. Locomotives, narrow-gauge, 865 oil consumption of, 943 performance of high-speed, 859a petroleum -burning, 865 safe load on tires, 865 smoke-stacks, 856 speed of, 859a steam distribution of, 858 steam -ports, size of, 859 testing apparatus, 863 tractive power of, 853, 857 types of, 858 valve travel, 859 water consumption of, 862 weight of, 857 Wo9tten, 855 Logarithms, 77 hyperbolic, tables of, 156-158 tables of, 129-156 use of, 127-129 Logarithmic curve, 71 shies, etc., 162 Logs, area of water required to store, 232 weight of, 232 Long measure, 17 measure, French, 21 Loops of force, 1050 Loop, steam, 676 Loss of head, 573-579 of head, Cox's formula, 575 of head, in cast-iron pipe, tables, 574, 575 m of head in riveted steel pipes, 574 Low strength of steel, 392 Lowmoor iron bars, strength of, 297 Lubrication, 942-945 Lubricants, examination of oil, 943 measurement of durability, 942 oil, specifications for, 944 qualifications of good, 942 relative value of, 942 soda mixture, 945 solid, 945 specifications for petroleum, 943 Lumber, weight of, 232 Machines, dynamo-electric, 1055- 1060 (see Dynamo-electrio machines) Machines, efficiency of, 432 elements of, 435-440 Machine screws, table of propor- tions of, 209 screws, taps for, 970 shop, 953-978 shops, horse-power required in, 965 tools, keys for, 976 tools, power required for, 960-965 tools, proportioning of, 975 tools, soda mixture for, 945 Machinery, coal -handling, 912-912d horse-power required to run, 964 Maclaurin's theorem, 76 Magnesia bricks, 235 Magnesium, properties of, 168 "Magnetic balance, 396 Magnetic capacity of iron, effect of annealing, 396 circuit, 1051; units of, 1050 field, strength of, 1057 Magneto -motive force, 1050, 1051 Magnets, electro-, 1050-1054 Magnolia metal, composition of, 334 Mahler's calorimeter, 634 Main-rods, steel, specifications for, 401 Malleable castings, rules for use of. 376 iron, 375 iron, strength of, 376 Malleability of metals, table, 169 Man-wheel, 434 Man, work of, tables, 433 Mandrels, standard, 972 Manganese, properties of, 168 bronze, 331 copper alloys, 331 effect of on steel, 389 effect of on cast iron, 367 plating of iron, 389 steel, 407 Manila rope, 340; weight and strength of, 304, 344 Mannesmann tubes, strength of, 296 Manometer, air, 481 Marble, strength of, 302 Marine Engineering, 1001-1019 (see Ships and Steam-engines) Marine boilers, 1015 engines, comparison of old and modern, 1017 engines, three-stage, triple-ex- pansion, 1017-1019 Marriotte's law of gases, 479, 742 Masonry, crushing strength of, 312 materials, weight and specific gravity of, 166 Mass, definition of, 427 expression of, 429 Materials, 163-235 strength of, 236-346 strength of, Kirkaldy's tests, 296-303 structural, stresses permissible in, 381 various, weights of, 169; table, 166 Maxima and minima, 76 without calculus, 1080 Maxwell, definition and value of, 1^)50 Mean effective pressures of adia- batically compressed air, 5Qlb effective pressure of compressed air, table, 502, 503 Measurements, miner's inch, 585 Measurement of air velocity, 491 of elongation. 243 of flowing water, 582-588 of vessels, 1001 weir-dam, 586 Measures, apothecaries, 18, 19 board, 20 IKDEX. mea-nic 1111 Measures, circular, 20 dry, 18 liquid, 18 long^ 17 nautical, 17 of work, power, and duty, 27 old land, 17 shipping, 19 solid or cubic, 18 square, 18 surface, 18 time, 20 timber, 20 Measures and weights, metric sys- tem, 21-26 Mechanics, 415-447 Mechanical equivalent of heat, 456 powers, 435 stokers, 711 Mekarski compressed-air tramway, 510 Melting-points of substances, 455 Members, bridge, strains allowed in, 262-264 Memphis bridge, tests of steel in, 393 bridge, proportions of materials in, 381 Mensuration, 54-64 Mercurial thermometer 448 Mercury-bath pivot, 940 Mercury, compressibility of, 164 properties of, 168 Merriman's formula for columns, 260 Mesure and Nouel's pyrometric tele- scope, 453 Metacentre, definition of, 550 Metaline lubricant, 945 Metals, anti-friction, 932 coefficients of expansion of, 460 coefficients of friction of. 930 electrical conductivity of, 1028 flow of, 973 heat-conducting power of, 469 life of under shocks, 240 properties of, 167-169 resistance overcome in cutting of, 960 specific heats of, 453 specific gravity of, 164 weight of, 164 table of ductility, inf visibility, malleability, and tenacity, 169 tenacity of, at various tempera- tures, 382-384 1 Meter, Venturi, 583 ; Meters, water delivered through, 579 | Metric conversion, tables, 23-26 measures and weights, 21, 22 screw-threads, cutting of, 956 -Mil, circular, 18, 29 30 i Mile-ohm, weight of wire per, 217 Mill columns, 1022 power, value of, 589 Milling cutters for gear-wheels, 892 cutters inserted teeth, 960 cutters, number of teeth in, 958 cutters, pitch of teeth, 957 cutters, spiral, 960 Milling cutters, steel for, 957 machines, cutting speed of, 958- 960 machines, feed of, 959, 960 machines, high results with, 959 machine vs. Nickel, properties of, 168 steel, 407 steel, tests of, 408 Nozzles for measuring discharge of pump ing-engines, 584 Oats, weight of, 170 Ocean waves, power of, 599 Oersted, definition and value of, 1050 Ohm, definition and value of, 1024 Ohm's law, 1029 law, applied to alternating cur- rents, 1064 law, applied to parallel circuits, 1030 • law, applied to series circuits, 1029 Oil, amount needed for engines, 943 as fuel, 6.46 fire-test of, 944 lubricating, 942-945 (see Lubri- cants) paraffine, 944 well, 944 pressure in bearings, 937 tempering of steel forgings, 396 vs. table, 200 capacity of , 573 cast-iron, 185-190 cast-iron, gas, weight of, 188 cast-iron, safe pressures for, ta- bles, 189, 190 cast-iron, thickness of, for various heads, 188, 189 cast - iron water, transverse strength of, 251 cast-iron, weight of, 185, 188 cast-iron, weight of 12-foot lengths, 186 IXDEX. pip-pou 1113 Pipes, coiled, table of, 199 effects of bends in, 488, 578, 672 equation of, 491 fittings, cast-iron, sizes and weights, 187 fittings, spiral -riveted, table, 198 flanges, for cast-iron pipe, table, 193 flanges, extra heavy, table, 193 flanges, table of standard, 192 flow of air in, 485, 489 flow of gas in, 657 flow of steam in, 669-673 flow of water in, 557, 566-572 for steam-heating, 540 house-service, flow of water in, table, 578 lead, safe heads for, 201 lead, tin-lined, sizes and weights, table, 201 lead, weights arid sizes of, table, 200 loss of air-pressure in, 487; tables, 488, 489, 490 loss of head in, 573-579 (see Loss of head) quantity of water discharged by, 573 riveted hydraulic, weights and safe heads, table, 191 riveted-iron, dimensions of, table,. 197 riveted, safe pressures in, 707 riveted-steel water, 295 spiral riveted, table of, 198 steam (see Steam-pipes) table of capacities of, 120 threads on, 195 wrought -iron, standard, table of dimensions, 194 volume of air transmitted in, table, 486 / water, relation of diameter to capacity, 566 Pipe-coverings, radiation through, 671 Pistons, steam-engine, 795 Piston-rings, steam-engine, 796 Piston-rods, steam-engine, 796-798 Piston-valves, steam-engine, 834, 1016 Pitch, diametral, 888 of gearing, 887 of rivets, 357-359 of screw propellers, 1012 Pitot tube gauge, 583 Pivot -bearings, 939 Pivot -bearing, mercury bath, 940 Plane, inclined, 437 (see Inclined plane) surfaces, mensuration of, 54 Planers, cutting speed of, 953 Planer, heavy work on, 960 horse -power required to run, 963 tools, forms of, 955 vs. Powell's screw-thread. 975 Power, animal, 433 definition of, 429 factor of alternating currents, 1062 hydraulic, in London. 617 measure of, 27 of electric circuits. 1031 of a waterfall, 588 of ocean waves, 599 unit of 429 Powers of numbers tables, 7, 86- 102 of numbers, algebraic, 33 Pratt truss, stresses in, 443 Preservative coatings, 387-389 Press, hydraulic, thickness of cylin- ders for, 288 Pressed fuel, 632 Presses, hydraulic, in iron works 617 punches, etc., 972 Pressure, collapsing of flues, 265 collapsing, of hollow cylinders, 264 Priming, or foaming, of steam- boilers, 552, 718 Prism, 60 Prismoid, 61 rectangular, 61 Prismoidal formula, 62 Problems, geometrical, 37-52 in circles, 39, 40 in lines and angles, 37 , 38 in polygons, 42 in triangles, 41 Producers, gas, use of steam in, 650 Producer-gas, 646-651 (see Gas) Progression, arithmetical and geo- metrical, 11 Prony brake, 978 Propeller, screw, 1010-1013 (see Screw-propeller) shafts, strength of, 299 Proportion, 5 compound, 6 PuUeys, 873-875 arrangement of , 874 • arms of, 820 cone, 874 convexity of , 874 differential, 439 for rope-driving, 925 or blocks, 438 proportions of, 873 speed of, 884, 891 Pulsometer, 612 tests of , 613 Pumps and pumping-engines, 601- 614 air, for condensers, 841 air-lift, 614 boiler- feed, 605 boiler-feed, efficiency of, 726 centrifugal, 606-609 centrifugal, as suction-dredge, 609 centrifugal, efficiency of, 608 centrifugal, relation of height of lift to velocity, 606 Pumps, centrifugal, sizes of. 607 centrifugal tests of" 609 circulating for condensers 843 compressed air mine, 511 depth of suction of. 602 direct-acting, efficiency of, 604 direct-acting, proportions of steam cylinder. 602 duplex steam, sizes of, 604 feed for marine engines, 843 horse-power of, 601 jet, 614 leakage test of, 611 lift, water raised by 602 piston speed of, 605 single steam, sizes of, 603 speed of water in passages of 602 , 605 suction of, with hot water 602 theoretical capacity of, 601 vacuum, 612 Pump-valves, 606 Pumping by compressed air. rad-riv 1115 Radiating surface, computation of, for hot-water heating, 543 surface, computation of, ior steam heat, 536 Radiation of heat, 467 of various substances, 475 table of factors for Dulong's laws of, 476 Radiators, experiments with, 545 heating value of, 477 , 534 overhead steam -pipe, 537 Radius of curvature of wire rope, 922 of gyration, 247,420 of gyration, graphical method for finding, 248 of gyration of structural shapes, 249 of oscillation, 421 Rails, size of bolts for splicing 210 size of spikes for, 212 steel, maximum safe load on, 865 steel, specifications for, 398 steel, strength of, 298 Railroad axles, 384 trains, resistance of, 851 trains, speed of, 859 Railways, electric, 1041 narrow-gauge, 865 Railway, street, compressed-air, 510, 511 Ram, hydraulic, 614 Ratio 5 Reactance of alternating currents, 1063 Reamers, taper, 972 Reaumer thermometer-scale, 448 Recalescence of steel, 402 Receiver- space in engines, 766 Reciprocals of numbers, tables of, 80-85 use of, 85 Rectangle definition of, 54 v.alue of diagonal of, 54 Red lead as a preservative, 387 Reduction, ascending and descend- ing, 5 Rectangular prismoid, 61 Reese's fusing disk, 966 Reflecting power of substances, 468 Refrigerating - machines . a i r - m a - chines, 983 ammonia-absorption, 984, 987 ammonia-compression, 983, 986 cylinder-heating, 997 ether-machines, 983 heat-balance, 990 ice-melting effect, 983 liquids for, pressures and boiling- points, 982 operati9ns of, 981 pipe-coils ior, 985 performances of, 994-997 properties of brine, 994 properties of vapor, 993 relative efficiency of, 988 relative performance of ammonia- compression and absorption machines, 983 Ref rigerating-machines , sulphur-di^ oxide machine, 985 temperature range, 991 tests of, 990-992 using water vapor, 988 Refrigeration, 981-1001 means of applying the cold, 999 Registers for steam -heat ing, 539 Regnault's experiments on steam, 661 Reluctance, magnetic, 1050, 1051 Reservoirs, evaporation of water in, 463 Resilience, 238 elastic, 270 Resistance, elastic, to torsion, 282 electrical, 1027-1032 electrical, effect of annealing, 1029 electrical, effect of temperature, 1029 electrical, in circuits, 1029-1031 electrical, internal, 1031 electrical, standard of, 1029 electrical, of copper wire, 1029, 1034 electrical, of steel, 403 elevation of ultimate, 238 of metals to repeated shocks, 238. modulus of, 247 of ships, 1002 of trains, 851 work of , of a material, 238 Resolution of forces, 415 Reversing-gear for steam-engines, dimensions of, 815 Retarded motion, 424 Rhomboid, definition and area of, 54 Rhombus, definition and area of, 54 Rivet -iron and -steel, shearing re- sistance of, 363 Rivets, bearing pressure on, 356 cone-head, for boilers, weight of, 211 diameters of, table, 360 in steam-boilers, rules for, 700 pitch of, 359 pressure required to drive, 1080 rules for strength of , 360 steel, specifications for, 401 Riveting, efficiency of different methods, 355 hand, strength of, 355 hydraulic, strength of, 355 machines, hydraulic, 618 of structural steel, 394 pressure required for, 362 Riveted iron pipe, dimensions of, table, 197 joints, 299, 354-363 ioints, drilled vs. punched holes, 355 joints, efficiencies of, 359, 361 joints, notes on, 356 joints, proportions of, 35,8, 359 1116 riv-sel IHDEX. Riveted joints, single-riveted lap, 357 joints, calculated strength of double-riveted, 361 joints, tests of double-riveted lap and butt, 360 joints, tests of, table, 303 pipe, flow of water in, 574 pipe, weight of iron for, 197 Roads, resistance of carriages on, 435 Rock-drills, air required for, 505a requirements of air-driven, 506 Rods of different materials, table for calculating weights of, 169 Roof -truss, stresses in, 446 Roofs, safe loads on, 184, 281 strength of, 1019 Roofing materials, 181-184 materials, weight of various, 184 Roller-bearings, 940 Rolling of steel effect of finishing temperature, 392 Ropes and cables, 338-346 cable-traction, 226 charcoal-wire, 228 cotton and hemp, strength of, 301 for coal-hoisting, 343 hemp and wire, table of, working loads for, 339 hemp, table of, strength and weight of, 340 hoisting (see Hoisting-rope) "Lang Lay," 229 locked-wire, 231 manila, 340 manila, weight and strength of, 344 splicing of , 341 steel flat, table of sizes, weight, and strength, 229 steel-wire hawsers, 229 stevedore, 340 table of, strength of iron, steel, and hemp, 338 table of strength of flat iron, steel, and hemp, 339 technical terms relating to, 341 transmission, 340 wire (see Wire-rope) Rope-driving, 922-927 English practice, 926 horse-power of, 924 pulleys for, 925 sag of rope, 925 tension of rope, 925 various speeds of, 924 weight of rope, 928 Rotary blowers, 526 steam-engines, 791 Rotation, accelerated, work of, 430 Rubber belting, 887 vulcanized, tests of, 316 Rule of three, 6 50 Rupture, modulus of, 267 Rustless coatings for iron, 388 Safety, factor of, 314 valves for steam-boilers, 721- 724 Salt brine, properties of, 464 manufacture, evaporation in, 463 solubility of, 464 solution, specific heat of, 458 weight of, 170 Sand-blast, 966 Sand, cubic feet per ton, 170 moulding, 952 Sandstone, strength of, 312 Saturation point of vapors, 480 Sawdust as fuel, 643 Sawing metal, 966 Scale, boiler, 716 boiler, analyses of, 552 Scales, thermometer, comparison of, 448; table, 449 Scantling, table of contents of, 21 Schiele's anti-friction curve, 5( 939 Screw, 60 bolts, efficiency of, 974 conveyors, 912rf differential, 439 differential, efficiency of, 974 efficiency of, 974 (element of machine), 437 propeller, 1010-1013 propeller, coefficients of, 1011 propeller, efficiency of, 1012 propeller, slip of, 1012 Screws, cap, table of standard, 208 lag, holding power of, 290 machine, proportions of, 209 machine, taps for, 970 set, table of standard, 208 threads, 204-207 threads, English standard, 205 threads, limit gauges for, 206 '^threads, metric, cutting of, 956 thread, Powell's, 975 threads, Sellers, 204 threads, standard for taps, 207 threads, U. sep-sol 1117 Separators, steam, 728 Set-screws, holding power of, 977 standard, table of, 208 Sewers, grade of, 566 Shaft-bearings, 810 Shaft -governors, 838 Shafts, hollow, 871 hollow, torsional strength of, 282, 806 steam-engine, 806-813 steel propeller, strength of, 299, 815 Shafting, 867-872 deflection of, 868 formulae for, 867 horse-power transmitted by, 869- 871 horse-power to drive, 963 laying out, 871, 872 keys for, 975 Shaku-do, Japanese alloy, 326 Shapes of test specimens, 243 structural, properties of, 272-280 Shear and compression combined, 282 and tension combined, 282 poles, stresses in, 442 Shearing, effect of, on structural steel, 394 resistance of rivets, 363 unit strains of, 379 strength of iron and steel, 306 strength of woods, table, 312 Sheaves, wire-rope, 917, 919 Shells of steam-boilers, material for, 700 spherical, strength of, 286 Shell-plate formulae for steam-boil- ers, 701 Sheet brass, weight of, 203 copper, weight of, 202 metal, strength of, 300 metal, weight of, by decimal gauge, 32 Sheets, iron and steel, weight of, 174 Shibu-ichi, Japanese alloy, 326 Shingles, weights and areas of, 183 Skips, coefficient of fineness of, 1002 coefficient of performance, 1003 coefficient of water-lines, 1002 displacement of, 1001, 1009 horse-power of, 1009 horse -power for given speeds, 1006 horse-power of, from wetted sur- face, 1005 jet propulsion of, 1014 resistance of, 1002 resistance of, per horse-power 1006 rules for measuring, 1001 rules for tonnage, 1001 speed in canals, 1008 trials of, 1007, 1008 twin-screw, 1017 wetted surface of, 1005 Shipping measure, 19, 1001 Shocks, resistance of metals to re- peated, 240 stresses produced by. Sources of energy, 432 , 163-K gravity and Baume's hydrom- Specific gravity, 163-165 ;ravity and Baume's hyd eter compared, table, 165 gravity of brine, 464, 994 gravity of cast iron, 374 gravity of copper-tin alloys, 320 gravity of copper-tin-zinc alloys, 323 gravity of gases, 166 gravity of ice, 550 gravity of metals, table, 164 gravity of liquids, table, 164 gravity of steel, 403 gravity of stones, brick, etc., 166 Specific heat, 457-459 heat, determination of, 457 heat of air, 484 heat of ammonia, 992 heats of gases, 458 heat of ice, 550 heat of iron and steel, 459 heat of liquids, 457 heats of metals, 458 heat of saturated steam, 660 heat of superheated steam, 661 heat of water, 550 heats of solids, 457, 458 heat of woods, 458 Specifications for boiler-plate, 399 for car-wheel iron, 375 for cast iron, 374 for chains, 307 for elliptical steel springs, 352 for helical steel springs, 353 for incandescent lamps, 1043 for oils, 945 for petroleum lubricants, 943 for phosphor-bronze, 327 for spring steel, 401 for steel axles, 397 for steel billets, 401 for steel castings, 397, 406 for steel crank-pins, 401 for steel forgings, 397 for steel main-rods, 401 for steel parallel rods, 401 for steel rails, 398 for steel rivets, 399, 401 for steel splice -bars, 398 for steel tires, 398 for steel in Memphis bridge, 382 for structural steel, 400 for structural steel for bridges, 399 for structural steel for buildings, 398 for structural steel for ships, 399 for tin and terne -plate, 1088 for wrought iron, 378, 379 Speed of cutting-tools, 953, 954 of vessels, 1006-1009 Sphere, measures of, 61 Spheres of different materials, table for calculating weight of, 169 table of volumes and areas, 118 Spherical segment, area and vol- ume of, 2 Spherical polygon area of 61 triangle area and volume of, 61 zone, aiea and volume of 62 shells, strength of, 286 shell, thickness of, to resist a given pressure, 286 Spheroid, 63 Spikes, boat, sizes and weights of, 212 holding power of, 289 street -rail way, 212 track, 212 wire 213 wrought. 213 Spindle, surface and volume of, 63 Spiral. 50, 60 conical, 60 construction of, 50 plane, 60 gears, 897 Spiral-riveted pipe, table of, 198 riveted pipe-fittings, table, 198 Splice-bars, steel, specifications for,. Steam-boilers, tannate of soda com- pound in, 7 18 tests of, 685-699 tests of, at Centennial Exhibition, 685 tests of, hydraulic, 700 tests, rules for, 690-6956 tubes, holding power of, 704 tubes, iron vs. steel, 704 tubes, material for, 704, 709 tube plates, rules for, 704 use of kerosene in, 718 use of zinc in, 720 using waste gases, 689, 690 Steam-calorimeters, 728-731 Steam -domes on boilers, 711 Steam-engines, 742-847 advantages of compounding, 762 at Columbian Exposition, 774 bearings, size of, 810-813 bed-plates, dimensions of, 817 capacity of, 748 clearance in, 751 compound, 761-768 compound, best cylinder ratios, 768 compound, calculation of cylin- ders of, 768 compound, combined indicator diagrams, 764 compound, condensing, 788 compound , cylinder proportions in, 765 compound, economy of, 780 compound, efficiency of, 784 compound, expansions in two- cylinder, 765 compound, formulae for expan- sion and work in, 767 compound, high-speed, perfor- mances of, 778,779 compound, high-speed, sizes of, 778,779 compound marine, approximate horse-power of, 766 compound marine, cylinder ra- tios of , 766 compound, non-condensing, effi- ciency of, 784 compound, pressures in two cylinders, 765 compound, receiver type, 762 compound, receiver, ideal dia- gram, 7 63 compound, receiver space in, 766 compound, steam-jacketed, per- formances of, 778 compound, steam- jacketed, test of, 788 compound, Sulzer, water con- sumption of, 783 compound, two vs. three cylin- ders, 781 compound, velocity of steam in passages of, 772 compound, water consumption of, 777 Steam-engines, compound, Wolff type, 762 compound, Wolff, ideal diagram, 763 compression, best periods of, 752 compression, effect of, 751 condensers, 839-847 (see Con- densers) connecting-rods, dimensions of, 799 connecting-rod ends, 800 Corliss, 773, 780 cost of, 1085 counterbalancing of, 788 cranks, dimensions of, 805 crank -pins, dimensions of, 801- 804 crank-pins, pressure on, 804 crank-pins, strength of, 803 crank-shafts, dimensions of, 813 crank-shafts for torsion and flex- ure, 814 crank-shafts for triple-expansion, 815 crank-shafts, three-throw, 815 crosshead and crank, relative motion of, 831 crosshead-pin, dimensions of, 804 cut-off, most economical point of, 777 cylinder condensation, experi- ments on, 753 cylinder condensation, loss by, 752 cylinders, dimensions of, 792 cylinder-heads, dimensions of , 794 cylinder-head bolts, size of , 795 dimensions of parts of, 792-817 eccentrics, dimensions of, 816 eccentric-rods, dimensions of, 816 economic performance of, 775-791 economy at various speeds, 780 economy, effect on, of wet- steam. 781 economy of compound vs. triple- expansion, 781 economy of, in central stations, 785 economy of, simple and com- pound compared, 780 economy under variable loads, 784 economy with superheated steam, 783 effect of moisture in steam, 781 estimating I.H.P. of compound, 755 estimating I.H.P. of single-cylin- der, 755 efficiency in thermal units per minute, 749 exhaust steam used for heating, 780 f expansions in, table, 750 expansive working of steam in , ta- ble, 747 flywheels, 817-824 flywheels, arms of, 820 IKDEX. Steam-engines, water consumption of, 753, 776, 777, 783, 785, 786 water consumption from indica- tor-cards, 760 work of one pound of steam, 749 work of steam in single-cylinder, 746-753 wrist-pin, dimensions of, 804 Steam heat, storage of, 789 heating, 534-541 heating, diameter of supply mains, 539 heating, indirect, 537 heating, indirect, size of registers and ducts, 539 heating of greenhouses, 541 heating, pipes for, 540 heating, properties of steam and condensed water, 540 jackets on engines, 787 jet blower, 527 jet exhauster, 527 jet ventilator, 527 loop, 676 -metal, composition of, 325 pipes, 674-676 pipes, copper, strength of, 675 pipes, copper, tests of, 674 pipes, failures of, 676 pipes for engines, 673 pipes for marine engines, 674, 1016 pipes, riveted-steel, 675 pipes, uncovered, loss from, 676 pipes, valves in, 675 pipes, wire- wound, 675 pipe coverings, tests of, 471 power, cost of, 790 power, cost of coal for, 789 separators, 728 turbines, 790 vessels (see Ships) Steel, 389-414 aluminum, 409 analyses and properties of, 389 and iron, classification of, 364 annealing of, 412, 413 axles, specifications for, 397 axles, strength of. 299 bars, effect of nicking, 402 beams, safe load on, 269 Bessemer basic, ultimate strength of, 390 Bessemer, range of strength of, .391, 392 billets, specifications for, 401 blooms, weight of, table, 176 bridge-links, strength of, 297 burning carbon out of, 402 castings, 405 castings, specifications for, 397, 406 castings, strength of, 299 chrome, 409 old-drawn, tests of, 305 cold-rolled, tests of, 305 color-scale for tempering, 414 columns, 256-261 Steel columns, Merriman's tables of 261 crank-pins, specifications for, 401 crucible, 410-414 crucible, analyses of. ste-str 1123 Steel, spring, strength of, 299 springs (see Springs, steel) strength of, 297r303 strength of, variation in, 398 structural, annealing of, 394, 395 structural, drilling of, 395 structural, earliest uses of, 405 structural, effect of punching and shearing, 394 structural, for bridges, specifica- tions of, 399 structural, for buildings, specifi- cations of, 398 structural, for ships, specifications of, 399 structural, properties of, 272-280 structural, punching of, 395 structural, riveting of, 394 • structural, specifications for, 400 structural, size and weights, 177- 180 structural, treatment of, 394-396 structural, upsetting of, 394 structural, welding of, 394 struts, 259 tempering of, 414 tensile strength of, at high tem- peratures, 382 tensile strength of pure, 392 tires, specifications for, 398 tires, strength of, 298 tool, heating of, 412 tungsten, 409 water-pipe, 295 welding of, 396 wire gauge, tables, 29 working of, at blue heat, 395 working stresses in bridge mem- bers, 262 Stevedore rope, 340 Stokers, mechanical for steam- boilers, 711 under-feed, 712 Stone-cutting with wire, 966 Stone, specific gravity of. table, 166 weight of, table, 166 strength of, 302, 312 Storage-batteries, 1045-1048 efficiency of, 1048 Storage of steam heat, 789 Storms, pressure of wind in, 494 Stoves, compressed-air heating, effi- ciency of, 507 Stove foundries, cupola charges in, 949 Strain, 236 Strains, formulae for unit, in iron and steel in structures, 379 Straw as fuel, 643 Stream, open, measurement of flow, 584-588 Streams, fire, 579-581 (see Fire- streams) running, horse-power of, 589 Strength, compressive, 244-246 compressive, of woods, 311 loss of, in punched plates, 353 Strength, range of, in steel, 391, 392 shearing, of iron and steel, 306 shearing, of woods, table, 312 tensile, 242 tensile, of iron and steel at high temperatures, 382 torsional, 281 transverse, 266-271 of aluminum, 318 of aluminum-copper alloys, 328, 329 of anchor-forgings, 297 of basic Bessemer steel, 390 of belting, 302 of blocks, 906 of boiler-heads, 285 of boiler-plate at high tempera- tures, 383 of bolts, 292 of brick, 302, 312 of bridge-links, 298 of bronze, 300, 319-332 of canvas, 302 of cast iron, 370, 374 of cast iron, relation of, to sili- con, 369 of cast-iron columns, 250-254 of cast-iron water-pipe, 251 of chains, table, 307 of chain cables, table, 340 of castings, 297 of cement mortar, 313 of chalk, 312 of columns, 246, 250-261 of columns. Strength of materials, Kirkaldy's tests, 296-303 of perforated plates, 353 of phosphor-bronze, 327 of Portland cement, 302 of riveted joints, 299, 354-362 of roofs, 446, 1019 of rope, 301, 338, 339 of sandstone, 312 of sheet metal, 300 of silicon -bronze wire, 327 of soap stone, 312 of spring steel, 299 of spruce timber, 310 of stayed surfaces, 286 of steam-boilers, 700-711 of steel axles, 299 of steel castings, 299 of steel, open-hearth structural, 391 of steel propeller-shafts, 299 of steel rails, 298 of steel tires, 298 of stone, 312 of structural shapes, 272-280 of timber, 309-312, 1079 of twisted iron, 241 of unstayed surfaces, 284 of yellow pine, 309 of welds, 300, 308 of wire, 301, 303 of wire and hemp rope, 301, 340 of wrought -iron columns, 255 tensile, of pure steel, 392 Stress and strain, 236 Stress due to temperature, 283 Stresses allowed in bridge members, 262-264 combined, 282 effect of, 236 in framed structures, 440-447 in steel plating due to water pressure, 287 permissible in structural mate- rials, 381 produced by shocks, 241 Structural shapes, elements of, 248 shapes, moment of inertia of, 248, 273-280 shapes, properties of, 272-280 shapes, radius of gyration of, 248 shapes, sizes and weights, 177-180 steel (see Steel, structural) Structures, formulne for unit strains in iron and steel in, 379 Strut, moving, 436 Struts, steel, formulae for, 259 strength of, 246 wrought-iron , formulae for, 259 Sugar manufacture, 643 solutions, concentration of, 465 Sulphate of lime, solubility of, 464 Sulphur dioxide and ammonia-gas, t properties of, 992 dioxide refrigerating-machine , 985 influence of, on cast iron, 367, 370 Sulphur, influence of, on steel, 389 Sum and difference of angles, func- tions of, 66 Superheated steam, economy of stearn-engines with, 783 Surface condensers, 840-844 Surfaces, unstayed flat, 284 Suspension cableways, 915 Sweet's slide-valve diagram, 826 Symbols, chemical, 163 •electrical, 1078 Synchronous motor, 1071 T shapes, properties of Carnegie steel, table, 279 Tail-rope system of haulage, 913 Tanbark as fuel, 643 Tangent of an angle, 65 table of 159-162 Tanks, plating and framing for, 287 m capacities of, tables, 121, 125, 126 s Tannato of soda boiler compound, 718 Taps for machine screws, 970 formulae and table for screw- threads of, 207 Tap-drills, sizes of, 208 table of, 970, 971 Taper, to set in a lathe, 956 pins, 972 Tapered wire rope, 916 Taylor's rules for belting, 880-882 theorem, 76 Tees, Pencoyd steel, weights and sizes, 179 Teeth of gears, forms of, 892 of gears, proportions of, 889, 890 Telegraph-wire, copper, table of size, weight and resistance of , 221 joints in, 217 tests of, table, 217 Telescope, Mesuro and Nouel's pyrometric, 453 Temperature, absolute, 461 determination by color. ten-tra 1125 Tension and flexure, combined, 282 and shear, combined, 282 Terne-plate, 182 specifications for, 1088 Terra-cotta, weight of, 181 Test-pieces, comparison of large and small, 393 Tests of aluminum alloys, 330 of aluminum brass, 329 of cast iron, 369 calorimetric , of coal, 636 compressive, of wrought - iron bars, 304 compressive, specimens for, 245 tensile, precautions in, 243 tensile, specimens for, 243 tensile, table of, 242 of brick, 312 of cast-iron columns, 250-254 of centrifugal pumps, 609 of chains, table, 307 of chain cables, 308 of cold-drawn steel, 305 of cold-rolled steel, 305 of fans, 514, 522, 524 of gas-engines, 849 of petroleum-engines, 851 of hydraulic ram, 615 of lap and butt riveted joints, 360 of materials, Kirkaldy's, 296- 303 of nickeUsteel, 408 of pine timber, 309 of pulsometers, 613 of pumping-engines, 611 of riveted joints, table, 303 of steam-boilers, 685-699 of steam-boilers, rules for, 690- 6956 of steel eye-bars, 304 of steel plate, 390 of steel in Memphis bridge, 393 of turbine wheels, 596 of woods, 306 of wrought-iron columns, 305 of vulcanized rubber, 316 Theory of exponents, 36 Thermal capacity, definition of, 457 units, 455, 660 units, comparison of British and French, 455 Thermodynamics, 478 Thermometers, 448 Thermometer, air, 454 scales, comparison of, 448 scales, comparison of, table, 449 Threads, pipe, 195 Three-phase circuits, 1068 Toothed- wheel gearing, 439, 887- 906 (see Gearing) Tidal-power, utilization of, 600 Tie-rods for brick arches, 281 Tiles, weight of, 181 Timber beams, safe loads, 1023 expansion of, 311 measure, 20 properties of, table, 310 resistance of drift-bolts in, 290 Timber beams strength of, 309-312, 1079 table of contents in feet, 21 weight of, table, 310 Time, measure of, 20 Tin, properties of, 168 -aluminum alloys, 330 -copper alloys, 319, 320 -copper-aluminum alloys, 330 -copper-zinc alloys, 322, 323 lined pipe, sizes and weights, table, 201 pipe, weights and sizes of, 200 plate, 182 plate, specifications for, 1088 plate, American packages of 182 plate, comparison of gauges and weights, table, 182 Tires, steel, friction of, on rails, 928 steel, specifications for, 398 steel, strength of, 298 Tobin bronze, analyses and proper- ties of, 325, 326 Toggle-joint, 436 Tons per mile, equivalent of, 27 Tonnage of vessels, 19, 1001 Tools, machine, speed of, 953 metal -cutting, forms of, 955 Tool-steel, heating of, 412 Torque of an armature, 1056 Torsion and compression com- bined, 283 and flexure combined, 283 elastic resistance to, 282 of shafts, 806 Torsional strength, 281 Total heat of evaporation, 462 Track bolts, 210 spikes, sizes and weights of, 212 Tractive power of locomotives, 853, 857 Tractrix, 50 Trains, railroad, resistance of, 851 railroad, resistance due to friction, 939 railroad, speed of, 859 Trammels, to describe an ellipse with, 46 Tramway, compressed-air, 510 Tramways, wire-rope, 914 Transformers, electric, 1070 Transmission, compressed-air, 488 compressed air, efficiency of, 508 electric, 1033-1041 electric area of wires, 1033 electric, cost of copper, 1040 electric, economy of, 1036 electric, efficiency of, 1038 electric, systems of, 1041 electric, weight of copper for 1033, 1076 electric, wire table for, 1037 hydraulic -pressure, 616-620 (see Hydraulic - pressure transmis- sion) of heat (see Heat) pneumatic postal, 509 1126 tra-ven INDEX, Transmission, rope, 922-927 (see Rope-driving) wire-rope, 917-922 (see Wire rope) Transmission-rope, 340 Transporting power of water, 565 Triple -expansion engine, 769-772 (see Steam-engines) Transverse strength, 266-271 strength of beams, formulae for, 268 strength, coefficient of, 267 Trapezium , 54 Trapezoid, 54 Trapezoidal rule, 56 Triangle, mensuration of, 54 problems in, 41 spherical, 61 trigonometrical solution of, 68 Trigonometry, 65-68 Trigonometrical formulae, 66 functions, relations of, 65 functions, signs of, 66 functions, table of natural, 159- 161 functions, table of logarithmic, 162 Triple-effect evaporator, 463 Trough plates, properties of steel, table, 274 Troy weight, 20 Trusses, Burr, 443 Fink roof, 446 Howe, 445 King-post, 442 Pratt, 443 Queen-post, 442 roof, 446 Warren girder, 445 Whipple, 443 Tubes, boiler, table, 196 boiler, table of areas of, 197 condenser, 840 horse -power of water flowing in, 589 of different materials, table for calculating weights of, 169 expanded boiler, holding power of, 307 iron, collapsing pressure of, 265 Mannesmann, strength of, 296 seamless brass, table, 198 steam-boiler, holding power of, 704 steam-boiler, iron vs. veil-win 1127 Ventilation, efficiency of fans and chimneys, 533 head of air, 533 of large buildings, 534 of mines, 531 Ventilators, centrifugal, for mines, 521 Ventilator, steam -jet, 527 Venturi meter, 583 Versed sine of an angle, 65 sine, relations of, in circle, 58 Verticals, formula for strains in, 444 Vertical high-speed engines, 777 Vessels (see Ships) Vibration of steam-engines, 789 Vis- viva, 428 Volt, 1024 Vulcanized rubber, tests of, 316 Walls of buildings, 1019 Warehouse floors, 1019 Warren girders, stresses in, 445 Washers, sizes and weights of, 212 Washing of coal, 638 Water, 547-555 abrading power of, 565 analyses of, 553, 554 boiling-point of, 550 boiling-point at various baro- metric pressures, 483 comparison of head, in feet, with various units, 548 compressibility of, 164, 551 consumption of locomotives, 862 consumption of steam-engines, 753,776,777,783,785 erosion by flowing, 565 evaporation of, in reservoirs and channels. 463 expansion of, 547 fall, efficiency of. 588 fall, power of, 588 flow of, 555-588 (see Flow of water) flowing in tube, horse-power of, 589 flowing measurement of, 582- 588 freezing-point of, 550 hardness of, 553 head of, 557 head of, equivalent to pounds per square inch table. 549 heat-units per pound, 548 horse-power required to raise, 601 impurities of 551 jets, 579 meters 579 power 588-620 power plants, high-pressure, 1081 power, value of. 590 pressure due to weight of, 549 pressure of one inch. Windlass, differential, 439 Windmills, 494-498 capacity of 496 cost of, 498 economy of, 497 efficiency of, 494 horse-power of, 497 Winding-engines, 909 Wire, aluminum, properties of, 225 aluminum bronze, properties of, 225 brass, properties of, 225 brass, weight of, table, 202 copper, properties of, 225 delta-metal, properties of, 225 copper, rules for resistance of, 222 copper, specifications for, 225 copper telegraph, size, weight, and resistance of table, 221 copper, weight of, table, 202 electric , carrying capacity of, 1033 electric, fusion of, 1032 electric, heating of, 1032 electric, insulation of, 1033 electric, table, 1034-1035 galvanized iron, specifications for, 224 > galvanized iron, for telegraph and telephone lines, 217 galvanized steel strand, 223 gauges, tables, 29 insulated copper, 221 iron, 216 nails, 214, 215 phosphor-bronze, strength of, 327 piano, size and strength of, 224 plough-steel, 224 phosphor-bronze, properties of, 225 platinum, properties of, 225 silicon bronze, properties of, 225 silicon bronze, strength of, 327 stranded feed, table of sizes and weights, 222 strength of, 216, 301, 303 telegraph, joints in, 217 telegraph, tests of, table, 217 telegraph, weight per mile-ohm, 217 wound flywheels, 824 ropes, 226-231 rope, bending curvature, 921 rope, bending stress of, 918 rope, care of, 231 rope, elastic limit of, table, 917 rope for guys and rigging, 228 rope for transmission, dimensions, strength, and properties, 227 rope, galvanized steel, dimen- sions, strength, and proper- ties, 229 rope, locked, 231 rope, plough-steel, 227, 228 rope, radius of curvature of, 922 rope, sheaves for, 917, 919 rope, splicing of, 346 rope, strength and weight of, 301, 340 Wire rope haulage, 912-916 (see Haulage) ropes, tapered, 916 rope tramways, 914 rope transmission, 917-921 rope transmission, deflection of rope, 920 rope transmission, horse-power transmitted, 919 rope transmission, inclined, 921 rope transmission, limits of span, 920 rope transmission, long-distance, 921 rope, use of , 231 table , copper , 2 1 8-220 , 1034 , 1035- 1037 Wiring-tables, 1037 Wohler's experiments, on strength of materials, 238 Wood as a fuel, 639, 640 composition of, 640 compressive strengths of, 311 expansion of, 311 heat required to expel water from, 640 heating value of, 639 holding power of bolts in, 291 nail-holding power of, 291 screws, holding power of, 290 specific gravity of, table, 165 weight of, table, 165 strength of, 302, 309-312, 1079 tests of, 306 weight of, per cord, 232 Woods, shearing strength of various table, 312 specific heats of, 458 weight of various, table, 310 Wooden flywheels, 823, 824 Woodstone, properties of, 316 Woolf compound engines, 762 Wootten's locomotive, 855 Work, definition of, 27, 428 expression of, 429 measure of, 27 of acceleration, 430 of accelerated rotation , 430 of adiafcatic compression, 501 of friction, 938 of a horse, 434 of a man, 433 rate of, 27 unit of, 27, 428 World's Fair buildings, specifica- tions of wrought iron for, 379 Worm-gear. 1129 Wrought iron , influence of rolling on, 377 iron pipe, standard, table of dimensions, 194 iron, slag in, 377 iron, specifications for, 378 iron, strength of, 245, 297, 300, 304, 378 iron, strength of, at high temper- atures, 383 iron tubes, extra-strong, table, 196 Xylolith, properties of, 316 Y connection for alternating cur- rents, 1068 Yield-point, 237 determination of, 237 Z bars, Carnegie steel, properties of, table, 280 weights and sizes, 178 Zero, absolute, 461 Zeuner's slide-valve diagram, 827 Zinc, properties of, 168 aluminum alloys, 330 -copper alloys, strength of, 323 -copper alloys, table of composi- tion and properties, 321 -copper-iron alloys, 326 -copper-tin alloys, specific gravi- ties of, 323 -copper- tin alloys, table of proper- ties and composition, 322 -copper-tin alloys , variation in strength of, graphic representa- tion, 323 -copper-tin alloys, variation in strength of, 324 tubing, weight of, table, 200 use of, in boilers, 720 Zone, spherical, 62 of spheroid, 63 of spindle, 63 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO ADYERTISEIEHTS. PAGE ALLIS-CHALMERS COMPANY ALPHONS CUSTODIS CHIMNEY CONSTRUCTION CO.. . , ,22 AMERICAN ENGINE COMPANY 6 AMERICAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, THE 13 AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE COMPANY , 28 ANSONIA BRASS & COPPER COMPANY .12 ATLANTIC, GULF, & PACIFIC COMPANY , 26 ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY 24 BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS 2 BONNOT COMPANY, THE 18 BOSTON BELTING COMPANY 15 BOSTON BLOWER COMPANY 20 BRIDGEPORT CHAIN COMPANY, THE 21 CARPENTER & COMPANY, GEO. B 14 CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 17 CRESSON & COMPANY, GEO. V 14 EPPING-CARPENTER COMPANY 5 GARVIN MACHINE COMPANY, THE. . 18 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, THE.. . 2 GOUBERT MANUFACTURING COMPANY, THE 9 GREEN FUEL-ECONOMIZER COMPANY, THE 8 HANCOCK INSPIRATOR COMPANY, THE 3 HARRISBURG FOUNDRY AND MACHINE WORKS 6 HARTFORD STEAM BOILER INSPECTION AND INSURANCE CO 16 HENDEY MACHINE COMPANY, THE 19 INGERSOLL-RAND COMPANY 4 JEWELL BELTING COMPANY. ... 15 KENNICOTT WATER SOFTENER COMPANY ; 10 KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY 27 LAMBERT HOISTING ENGINE COMPANY 11 LIDGERWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY 11 LODGE & SHIPLEY MACHINE TOOL COMPANY, THE 20 MAURER & SON, HENRY ' 22 MORSE TWIST DRILL AND MACHINE COMPANY 17 NATIONAL METER COMPANY 25 NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY 3 NEW YORK INSULATED WIRE COMPANY - 21 NORTON EMERY WHEEL COMPANY ' 16 NORWALK IRON WORKS COMPANY, THE 5 ~UEEN & COMPANY, INCORPORATED 27 .ANDOLPH-CLOWES COMPANY 23 RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE COMPANY 10 ROEBLING'S SONS COMPANY, JOHN A. ..»...: 12 SELLERS & COMPANY, WILLIAM, INCORPORATED 19 SIMMONS COMPANY, JOHN 25 SKINNER CHUCK COMPANY, THE 20 SNIDER-HUGHES COMPANY, THE 20 STIRLING COMPANY, THE 8 UNIVERSAL DRAFTING MACHINE COMPANY. 21 WALWORTH MANUFACTURING COMPANY 28 WARREN FOUNDRY & MACHINE COMPANY 23 WILEY, JOHN & SONS 24-26 YALE & TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, THE 1 CLASSIFIED INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 