None
23, 1879, 447-448 Battle of Tacna, May 26, 1879, 468- 471 Battle of Arica, June 7, 1879, 472- 473 Bolivia and the Chilian Demands, 1880, 480-481 Truce (Pacto de Tregua) between Chile and Bolivia, Apr. 4, 1884, 332, 500-503 ; ratified, Nov. 29, 1884, 503-504, 557 Bolivia and Peru, and the Chilian Occupation of Tacna and Arica, 403-404, 407, 468-473, 481, 498, 502, 529, 556 Peruvian Intrigues and Bolivian Export Duties in Atacama, 436-439 The Chilian Occupation of Atacama and the Nitrate Industry lost to Bolivia, 437, 517, 555-556 INDEX 665 Bolivia — continued The Guano Deposits, etc. — continued Bolivia, Chile, and Peril, and the Chilian Occupation of Tarapaca, 421-422, 516 Argentina and the Bolivian Question with Chile : in 1888, 557-558 ; in 1891, 558 ; in 1893-96, 559 Dispute with Chile as to Seaport, 1900, 562 Other References to the Chilian- Peruvian War, etc., see under Chile, Peru Political Conditions before 1879, 555 Conservatives and Liberals, 555 Hilarion Daza, President, 438, 459-460, 462, 555 President Daza deposed, 1879, 556 Temporary Administration, 556 Gen. Narcisco Campero, President, 1880, 556-557 Law of Constitution, Oct. 28, 1880, 556-557 Negotiations with Chile, 1884, 557 Senor Pacheco, President, 1884, 557 Senor Arce, President, 1888, 557 Argentina and the Bolivian Question with Chile, 1888, 557-558 Treaty between Bolivia and Argentina, 1891, 558 Indian Outbreak, 1891, 558 Col. Camus of Chile in Bolivia, Mar. 1891, 356 Bolivia and the Revolution in Chile, May 1891, 363 Senor Baptista, President, 1892, 559 Argentina and the Bolivian Question with Chile, 1893-1896, 559 Severo Fernandez Alonzo, President, 1896, 559-560 Insurrection of the Liberal Party under Col. Pando, 1898-99, 560-561 Provisional Government under Col. Pando, 1899, 560 Col. Pando, Chief Magistrate, 561 The Puno de Atacama Dispute between Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile : in 1898,111-112; in 1899, 113-114; in 1900, 407 Dispute with Chile as to Seaport, 1900, 562 The Acre Territory Dispute between Brazil and Bolivia settled, 1903, 308, 561-562 The Constitution, 556-557 National Capital, 562-563 Political Situation, 563-564 Cities of Bolivia, 566 Topographical Features, 567 Population, 564-566 Bolivia — continued Stories of Indian Atrocities, 564-565 Indian Traits, 568-569, 571 Language, 567 Education, 569-570 Administration of Justice, 570 National Character, 570-571 Railways and Transport, 571-572 Agriculture and Industries, 573-575 Mineral Wealth, 574-575, 657 Financial Situation, 575-576 Future Prospects, 576 Bolivia To-day, 656-657 Bolognesi, Col. Francisco, Peruvian Commander, 471 Bonaparte, Joseph, and the Spanish Crown, 19, 20 Borax : in Chile, 424-425 ; in Peru, 550 Borax Consolidated (Syndicate), 550 Borda, Juan Idiarte, President of Uruguay, 215-221 Assassination of Borda, 220-221, 226 Borgado, Priest, 173 Borgono, Col., Vice-President of Peru, 1890, 525-526 Borrero, President, of Ecuador, 578-579 Bover, Gen., in Venezuela, 21 Boyaca, Colombia, 595 Brazil : Early History, 12-15 A Spanish Colony, 12 Portugese Action, 12 Bahia, &c, under Spanish Rule, 12 Holland in possession of Bahia, &c. , 1 3 Portuguese Authority re-established, 1649, 13 French Attacks on Rio de Janeiro, 1710 and 1711, 13 Joao VI. of Portugal and the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Alagarres, 1808-15, 14-15 Pedro I., 1822, 14 Independence recognised, 1825, 14 Boundary Dispute between Bolivia and Brazil, 1864, 136 The Paraguayan War, 1865-1870, 130- 195: Strained Relations between Uru- guay and Brazil and the Mission of Conselheiro Saraiva to Uruguay, 131-132 Adm. Tamandare and the Uru- guayan Warship Villa del Salto on the River Uruguay, 132 Brazil and the Revolt in Uruguay under Gen. Flores, 132 Paraguayan Declaration of War against Brazil, 1864, 135 Invasion of Matto Grosso by Para- guayans, 1864, 135-137, 148 666 INDEX Brazil — continued The Paraguayan War — continued Capture of Paysandii by Brazilians, Jan. 2, 1865, 133 Alliance between Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay against Paraguay, May 1, 1865, 139 Naval Battle on the Riachuelo River and defeat of Paraguayans, June 11, 1865, 143 Invasion of Rio Grande by Para- guayans, 144 Paraguayan Occupation of Uru- guayana, Sept. 18, 1865, 146- 147 The Lopez Administration in Matto Grosso, 148 Decision of Brazil and Allied Forces to invade Paraguay, 151 Disaster to the Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 1866, 157-158 Brazilian Victory at Curuzii, Aug. 1866, 157-158 The Situation in Matto Grosso, 162 Other References to the War in Paraguay, see under Para- guay. Brazil after the Paraguayan War, 231-232 Pedro II., Emperor, 1840-89, 14-15, 232-244 Princess Isabel and the Conde d'Eu, 234-240 Positivism and Republican Principles, 235 Sao Paulo and the Republican Move- ment, 235-239, 243, 244, 246, 251, 254 Revolt in Rio Grande do Sul, 1878, 235-236 Development of Brazil, 236 Pedro's Visits to Europe, 232, 236 Princess Isabel, Regent, 236-240 Emancipation of Slaves, 237-238 Sao Paulo and the Slavery Question, 237-240 Sedition, 239-240 Return of Pedro, 1888, 240 Vizconde de Ouro Preto's Administra- tion, 241 Military Conspiracy under Gen. Deodoro da Fonseca and Gen. Floriano Peixoto, 242-243 Deposition of Pedro and Republican Form of Government established, 1889, 243-244 Separation of Church and State, 1890, 245 Law of New Constitution passed 1891, 245-249 Brazil — continued Gen. Deodoro da Fonseca, President, 1891, 246-256 Gen. Floriano Peixoto, Vice-President, 246-256 The United States of Brazil, 246 Praetorian Administration, 244, 251 Manifestoes condemning Federal Authorities and accusing Presi- dent da Fonseca, 251 The Chambers dissolved, and Martial Law established, Nov. 3, 1891, 252-254 Rising in Rio Grande do Sul against the Government, 255-256 Naval Revolt in Rio de Janeiro, 255- 256 Resignation of President da Fonseca, 1891, 256 Gen. Floriano Peixoto, President, 1891, 256-288 Abrogation of the Decree of Nov. 3, 257 Article 42 of the Constitution, 257, 258 Deposition of the Governors of Matto Grosso, Amazonas, and Ceara, 258 Military Despotism, 258 Dr Julho de Castilhos in Rio Grande do Sul, 259 Resignation of Adm. C. de Mello and Dr S. Correa, 259 Revolt in Rio Grande do Sul under Gumercindo Saraiva, 259 Adm. Wandenkolk, Leader of Insur- rection, 259 Naval Revolt under Adm. C. de Mello, 1893, 260-266 Adm. Mello's Manifesto, 260 Martial Law, 262 Warships of the Insurgents, 263 Bombardment of Rio de Janeiro, 264 Expedition to the South, 264 Provisional Government at Desterro with Capt. Lorena as President, 1893, 265-286 Fort Villegaignon in revolt, 265 Explosion at Gouvernador, 266 Adm. de Mello at Desterro, 265, 266 Adm. S. da Gama in Command of Rebel Forces, 265, 266-283 Civil War, Dec. 1893, 267 The Government Flotilla, 268 Firing against the Rebel Squadron, 269, 279 Fighting at Gouvernador and Mo- cangue, 269 The Insurgents as Belligerents, 271 Adm. de Mello at Desterro, 1894, 271 INDEX 667 Brazil — continued Gumercindo Saraiva in the North, 271 Adm. de Mello's Expedition with the Republica and seizure of Para- nagua, 273 Occupation of Curityba and Lapa by Rebels, 273 Peixoto's Plan of Campaign, 274 Attempt of Rebels to capture the Armacao, 275-276 U.S. Adm. Staunton and Adm. de Mello, 276 U.S. Adm. Benham and the Revolt, 277 Situation of Rebels, 277-278 Adm. de Mello and the Republica and the Aquidaban, 278-280 Loss of the Venus, 279 Rebel Council of War, 279-280 Adm. da Gama and Insurgents con- veyed by Portuguese Warships to Neutral Territory, 2S0-281 Diplomatic Relations between Portugal and Brazil broken off, 281 End of the Revolt in Rio de Janeiro, 280-281, 283-284 Incident of the Sirius, 281 Adm. de Mello at Curityba, 283 Council of War of Insurgent Leaders, 283 Dr Prudente de Moraes Barros, President, 1894, 283-304, 306 Rebel Attack on Rio Grande do Sul, 284-286 Insurgent Troops landed in Uruguay and Rebel Ships delivered to Argentine Authorities, 285-286 Naval Expedition against Desterro, 286 Capt. Lorena and Insurgents shot, 286-287 French Victims and Indemnity to France, 287 Death of Gumercindo Saraiva, 287 Revolution crushed, 288 Amnesty to Rebels, 1895, 289 Outbreak at Military School, 290 Diplomatic Relations resumed with Portugal, 290 Revolt in Rio Grande do Sul against Governor Castilhos led by Aparicio Saraiva and Adm. da Gama, 290- 293 Peace in Rio Grande do Sul, 292-293 England and Trinidade, 292 Claims of Italian Residents, 293 Financial Legislation, 293 Temporary Retirement of President Moraes and Dr Victorino Pereira, Acting-President, 1896, 294 Brazil — continued Return of President Moraes, 1897, 296 Antonio Maciel or Antonio Conselheiro and the Jagunco Settlement at Canudos, 296 Expedition under Col. Moreira against Canudos, 1897, 298 Repulse of Col. Moreira, 298 Riots in Rio de Janeiro, 299 Second Expedition under Gen. Oscar against Canudos, 299-302 Jacobino Riot in Rio de Janeiro, 302 Murder of Gen. Bittencourt, Minister of War, 303 Conspiracy against President Moraes, 303-304 Dr Manuel Campos Salles, President, 1898, 304-308 Dr Rosa E. Silva, Vice-President, 304 Critical Financial Situation, 305 Condition of Brazil, 1894 and 1898, 306 Brazil and the Chilian Revolution, 1891, 361-362 Boundary Dispute between Bolivia and Uruguay, 1894, 191 The Misiones Dispute with Argentina, 137, 245, settled in favour of Brazil, 1895, 109, 112, 116, 289 The Amapa Question with French Guiana, 1899, 307 Visit of President Roca of Argentina to Brazil, 1899, 116, 307 Commercial Treaty between Argen- tina and Brazil, 307 Visit of President Salles to Buenos Aires in 1900, 118-119 Fiscal Legislation, 307 Bubonic Plague, 308 Dr Rodriguez Alves, President, 1902, 308 The Acre Territory Dispute between Brazil and Bolivia settled, 1903, 308, 561-562 Economic Conditions, 305-307, 308- 309, 651 Population, 309-310 German Settlements, 235-236, 310 Portuguese in Brazil, 311 National Character of Brazilians, 311 Education, 312-313 Administration of Justice, 313 Bello Horizonte, 314 Railways and Transport, 236, 315- 317 Telegraph Service, 316 Brazil, Dr Assis, of Brazil, 255 Brown, Adm., U.S. Commander, 391- 392 Bubonic Plague in Brazil, 308 668 INDEX Buchanan, Minister, and the Chilian Boundary Dispute in 1899, 113 Buendia, Gen. Juan, Peruvian Com- mander in the Chilian-Peruvian War, 459-467, 486, 489 Buenos Aires, see under Argentina Bulnes, Gen., President of Chile, 30, 323 Bulwer-Clayton Treaty, 1850, 601 Bustamante, Jose Candido, Candidate for the Presidency in Uruguay, 199 Bustamante, Senor, of Salazar, of Peru, 527 Bustos in Argentina, 32 Caacupi, Paraguay, 184 Caamafio, Dr Placido, President of Ecuador, 1884, 580 Caballero, Gen. , President of Paraguay, 189 Cabral, Pedro, and Brazil, 12 Cabrita, Lieut.-Col., Brazilian Com- mander, 153 Cacao-Growing : in Peru, 547 ; in Ecuador, 588 ; in Venezuela, 639- 640 Cacapava, Brazil, 255 Caceres, Col. Andres Avelino, Peruvian Commander, 459, 465, 484, 486, 487, 495-497 Leader of Revolt against President Iglesias, 1884-85, 523-524 President of Peru, 1886, 524-525 President of Peru, 1894, 526-527, 531, 538 Other Reference, 522-523 Gachapoal, Chilian Warship, 349 Caciques of Bolivia, 565 Calama, Atacama District, 355, 356, 446- 448 Caldera, Chile, 356-357, 366, 454 Calderon, Dr Francisco Garcia, President of Peru, 494-495 Caleta Buena, Chile, 422 Callao, Fortress in Chile, 374 Callao, Peru : Spanish Bombardment, May 1866, 509-510, 517, 520 The Gutierrez Conspiracy, 1872, 513- 514 Revolt under Pierola, 1878, 518 Blockade by Chilians, 1880-81, 475-479, 483, 493 Other References, 23, 443, 515, 539, 540 Camacho, Col. Eleodoro, Bolivian Com- mander, 468, 470-471 Camalotes or Floating Islands, 167-168 Caminos, Senor, of Paraguay, 186 Campero, Gen. Narcisco, Bolivian Commander, 468, 470-471, 475 President of Bolivia, 1880, 556-557 Campo Grande, Paraguay, 185 Campo Osorio, Rio Grande do Sul, 291 Campos, Col. Julio, in Buenos Aires, 45, 50, 54, 58 Camus, Col. Hermogenes, of Chile, 355- 356, 373 Cana Indians, 16 Canabe River, 174, 175, 177 Candamo, Manuel, President of Peru, 1903, 5'^9 Other Reference, 527 Candelaria, 137 Canelones, Uruguay, 203 Cannevaro, Gen., 141, 147 Canning, George, referred to, 24, 26 Canseco, Gen., Leader of Revolts in Peru, 506, 508, 510-511 Provisional President of Peru, 511 Canseco, Lieut. Diaz, Peruvian Naval Commander, 1879, 454 Canterac, Gen., in Peru, 23 Canto, Gen. Estanislao, of Chile, 358, 368, 370-379 Cantuaria, Gen. , of Brazil, 299 Canudos, Brazil, and the Jaguncos, 296- 302 Carabaya, Peru, 549-550 Caraballo, Gen. Francisco, Commander in the Paraguayan War, 177 Leader of Revolt in Uruguay, 199 Commander of Troops against Blanco Revolution in Uruguay, 200-201 Carabobo, Venezuela, 22, 629 Caracas, Venezuela, 20, 619, 620, 624, 633, 635 Caracoles, Atacama District, Chile, 447 Carbajal, Capt. Manuel, Peruvian Naval Commander, 456 Carelmapii, Chile, 334 Carillo, Juan, of Bolivia, 480 Carlos IV. of Spain, 19 Carlos V, 536 Caro, Miguel, President of Colombia, 1894, 599 Carreros, Senor, 173 Carrillo, Capt. Camilo, of Peru, 495 Carrillo, Major Lucas, in the Paraguayan War, 180 Carrizal, Chile, 454 Cartagena, Colombia, 22, 597 Casal, Dr Barros, of Brazil, 255 Casas, Padre, quoted, 6 Castelli in Argentina, 24 Castilhos, Capt., Portuguese Naval Com- mander, 280-281 INDEX 669 Castilhos, Julho de, Governor of Rio Grande do Sul, 255, 259, 290-291 Castilla, Gen. , Leader of Revolt in Peru, 1866, 510 President of Peru, 29, 30, 506 Castillo, Col. Romualdo, assassinated, 205 Castro, President, of Venezuela, 1899 and 1902, 630-631 Castro, Gen. Enrique, in Uruguay, 203, 211 Castro, Col. Gentil de, of Brazil, 299 Catamarca, Argentina, 117 Catholic Church : The Inquisition, 4, 540 Catholicism in South America, 7, 9 ; in Argentina, 125-126 ; in Uruguay, 227 ; in Brazil, 236, 245 ; in Chile, 417 ; in Peru, 537 ; in Bolivia, 571 ; in Ecuador, 587 ; in Colom- bia, 609-610 ; in Venezuela, 637- 638 Question of Separation of Church and State in Chile, 1884, 336, 337 Cattle-Farming, etc. : in Argentina, 128; in Uruguay, 228; in Chile, 430 ; in Peru, 547-548 ; in Columbia, 612-613 ; in Venezuela, 640-641 ; in the River Plate Republics, 651-652 Cauca, Colombia, 594, 600, 613 Cauta, Peru, 489 Cautin, Chile, 424 Cavalcanti, E. de B. de Lacerda, of Brazil, 362, 387 Caxias, Marshal, of Brazil, in the Para- guayan War, 160-188 Cayambi, Ecuador, 585 Caypam, Brazil, 302 Ceara, Brazil, 258 Celman, Dr Marcos Juarez, 49, 83 Celman, Dr Miguel Juarez, Candidate for the Presidency of Argen- tina, 66 President of Argentina, 69-86 Roca and Celman, 71-72 Celman's Mai-Administration, 72-86 The Union Civica and Revolt against Celman, 75-86 Other References, 49, 52 Celosa, Chile, 355 Celso, Affonso, of Brazil, 299 Cemeteries freed in Chile, 332, 336 Cerda, Seiior, y Ossa, of Santiago, Chile, 385 Cerro Colorado, Uruguay, 219 Cerro Largo, Uruguay, 203 Cerro Leon, Paraguay, 135-141 Cerro de Pasco, Peru, 548-549, 550, 552 Cerros Blancos, Uruguay, 219 Chacabuco, Chile, 25 Chacabuco, Chilian Corvette, 327, 442 Chalaca, Peruvian Transport, 493 Chaharal, Chile, 364, 454 Chanca Indians, 16 Chancay, Peru, 478-479 Chanchamayo, Peni, 547 Charleston, U.S. Cruiser, 277, 360 Charras, Col., 55 Chiclayo, Peru, 479 Chile : Revolution, 1809, 21 The Separatist Movement, 1810, 25 Spanish Rule re-established, 1813, 25 Royalists defeated at Chacabuco, 1817, 25 Government under Gen. O'Higgins, 1818, 25, 30 Royalist Victory at Concha Rayada, 1818, 25 Defeat of Royalists at Maypii, Apr. 5, 1818, 25 Independence secured, 1818, 25 Gen. Freire, President, 1823, 30 Federal v. Unitarian Form of Govern- ment, 30 Gen. Pinto, President, 1827, 30 Gen. Lastera, President, 1829, 30 Gen. Pinto again President, Dec. 1829, 30 Gen. Prieto, President, 1831, 30, 321- 323 Gen. Prieto again President, 1835, 30, 323 Gen. Bulnes, President, 1841, 30, 323 Independence of Chile recognised by Spain, 30 Manuel Montt, President, 1851, 30, 323-324 The Law of Constitution, 321-322 The Presidential Term, 322, 327 Administration, 1833-61, 323-324 Jose Joaquin Perez, President, 1861, 324-327 Fire at the Compania Church, Santiago, 1863, 325 Chile and the Paraguayan War, 1865, 137, 151 War with Spain of Chile and Peru, 1865-66, 326-327, 508-510 Spanish Bombardment of Valpa- raiso, Mar. 31, 1866, 326, 509 Capture of the Coradonga from Spain, Jan. 3, 1879, 438-439 Occupation of Antofagasta, etc. , by Chilians, Feb. 1879, 439, 446- 447, 519 Bolivian Declaration of War against Chile, Mar. 1, 1879, 439, 440, 441 Peruvian Proposal for Arbitration, 439-440 Chilian Declaration of War against Perii, Apr. 5, 1879, 440-441, 520 The Chilian Fleet, 442-444 Military Forces, 444-446 Capture of Calama, Mar. 23, 447- 448 Chile — continued The Guano Deposits, etc. — continued Occupation of Tocopilla and Cobija, 448 Blockade of Iquique, 448 Bombardment of Pisagua, 449 Naval Action off Iquique, May 20 ; and Loss of the Esmeralda, 450- 453 Peruvian Reprisals, 453-454 Capture of the Huascar, Peruvian Warship, Oct. 8, 454, 457 Capture of the Pilcomayo from Peru- vians, Nov. 17, 457 Invasion of Tarapaca, Oct., 458-460 Battle of Pisagua, Nov. 2, 460-461 Occupation of Junin, 461 Skirmish near Agua Santa, Nov. 6, 461-462 Battle at San Francisco, Dolores, Nov. 16, 462-464 Occupation of Iquique, Nov. 20, 464 Battle of Tarapaca, Nov. 27, 465- 467 Invasion of Tacna and Arica, Feb. 1880, 468-470 Battle of Tacna, May 26, 470-471 Battle of Arica, June 7, 472-473 Blockade of Callao, 1880, 475-479, 483 Loss of the Janequeo, May 25, 477 Loss of the Loa, July 3, 478 Loss of the Covadonga, 478-479 Bombardment of Chorillos, etc., 479-480 Efforts of the United States for Peace, Oct. 1880, and Confer- ence on the Lackaioana, 480- 481 Chilian Demands rejected, 481 Preparations for Advance to Lima, 481-485 Occupation of Pisco and Yea. Nov. 1880, 482 Naval Action at Callao, Dec. 6, 483 Battle of Chorillos, Jan. 13, 1881, 485-487 Fighting on Moro Solar, Jan. 13, 487 Armistice, Jan. 15, 488 Battle of Miraflores, Jan. 15, 488- 489, 522 Occupation of Lima, Jan. 16, 489- 500 Vandalism of Chilians in Lima, 490- 493 Adm. Patricio Lynch, Commander in Peru, 493-497 Capture of Arequipa, Aug. 1883, 496 INDEX 671 Chile — continued The Guano Deposits, etc. — continued Treaty of Peace (Treaty of Ancon) between Chile and Peru, Oct. 20, 1883, 497-500 ; ratified, May 8, 1884, 332, 403, 407, 500, 523, 529 Evacuation of Lima, Oct. 22, 1883, 500 Truce (Pacto de Tregua), Apr. 4, 1884, between Chile and Bolivia, 500-503 ; ratified, Nov. 29, 1884, 332, 503-504 Bolivia and Peru and the Chilian Occupation of Tacna and Arica, 403-404, 407, 468-473, 481, 498, 502, 529, 556 Chilian Occupation of Atacama, 437, 517, 555-556 Chilian Occupation of Tarapaca, 414, 420-423, 437, 480, 498, 516-517, 520 Argentina and the Bolivian Question with Chile : in 1888, 557-558 ; in 1891, 558 ; in 1893-96, 559 Bolivian Dispute with Chile as to Seaport, 1900, 562 Other References to the War, see under Bolivia, Peru Domingo Santa Maria, President, 1881, 331-333, 335, 336 Congressional Elections, 1882, 1885, 332-333, 336 Jose Manuel Balmaceda in Chilian Politics, 1851-86, 333-337 The Reform Party and La Libertad, 334 Programme of the Reform Party, 1875, 334, 336 Civil Registry, 332, 336 The Civil Marriage Law, 332, 336 The Freeing of Cemeteries, 332, 336 Question of Separation of Church and State, 1884, 336, 337 Jose Manuel Balmaceda, President, 1886, 332-382, 387-389 The Cabinet, Oct. 1886, 338 The Cabinet, Nov. 1886, 338 The Cabinet, June 1887-Apr. 1888, 339 Congressional Elections, Mar. 1888, 339 Ten Cabinets, Apr. 1888-Oct. 1890, 340 Argentina and the Bolivian Question with Chile, 1888, 557-558 Conflict between President and Con- gress, 1889-90, 341-344 The Comision Conservadora, 1890, 342- 344, 398 Treaty between Bolivia and Argentina, 1891, 558 Chile — continued Pretext for Revolt, Jan. 1891, 343 Preparations for Rebellion, 345 Naval Revolt, 345 Occupation of Coquimbo and Serena, 347 Fighting at Pisagua, 347 Attitude of the President, 347 Serena and Coquimbo reoccupied by Government Troops, 348 The Act of Deposition published in the Heraldo, Jan. 7, 349 Surrender of Pisagua to Congres- sionalists, Feb. 6, 349-350 Fight near Dolores and Defeat of Gen. Robles, Feb. 15, 350-351 Congressionalist Defeat at Huara, Feb. 16, 351 Occupation of Iquique, Feb. 16, 351- 352 Attempt to recapture Iquique and Intervention of Adm. Hotham, Feb. 19, 352 Gen. Robles defeated at Pozo Almonte, Mar. 7, 353-354 Arica, Tacna, and Tarapaca in posses- sion of Revolutionists, 354 Occupation of Antofagasta, Mar. 20, 355 Occupation of Calama, Mar. 29, 356 Occupation of Caldera, Apr. 22, 356 The Blanco Encalada torpedoed, Apr. 23, 357 Treatment of Suspected Persons, 358 Financial Difficulties, 358 Provisional Government on Junta de Gobierno under Capt. Jorge Montt, 358 The ltata Incident, June, 359-360, 391 Peace Conference at Santiago, May 5, 360-362 Attempted Assassination of the Presi- dent, 362 The Condell and the Lynch and the Case of Richard dimming, 363- 364 Sympathy with Revolution abroad, 364-365 The Congressionalist Army, 365-366 The President's Attitude to the Revolu- tionists, 366-368 Massacre of Lo Canas, Aug. 19, 367 Landing of Congressionalists at Quin- teros, Aug. 18, 368-370 Strength of the Revolutionary Army and of the Balmacedists, 370 Battle of Concon, Aug. 21, 371-373 Advance on Vina del Mar, 373-374 Concentration of Congressionalist Troops at Quilpue, 375 672 INDEX Chile — continued Battle of Placilla, Aug. 28, 376-380 Occupation of Valparaiso, Aug. 28, 379 Resignation of President Balmaceda, Aug. 29, 380-382 Gen. Baquedano, Acting President, Aug. 29, 1891, 380 The Junta de Gobierno at Santiago, 382, 383, 389 Resignation of Gen. Baquedano, Aug. 31, 1891, 383-384 Proclamation of Adm. Jorje Montt, Sept. 1891, 384 Work of Reconstruction, 384-385 Suicide of Balmaceda, 385-387 Political Testament of Balmaceda, 387- 389 New Congress, Nov. 1891, and Resig- nation of the Junta de Gobierno, 389 The Tesoreria General de la Escuadra abolished, 389 Cost of the Revolution, 389-390 Adm. Montt, President, 1891, 390- 405 Promotion for Services, 390-391 Law of Amnesty, 391 Strained Relations between Chile and the United States, 1891-2, 391-396 The Baltimore Incident, 380, 392-396, 400, 655 Message of President Harrison to the U.S. Congress, Dec. 9, 1891, 393 Telegram from Santiago to Chilian Representative in Washington, Dec. 11, 1891, 394-395 United States Ultimatum to Chile, Jan. 22, 1892, 395 Apology to U.S. Government, 395- 396 Real Issues of the Civil War, 397 Political Situation in 1892, 398 Increase of the Army and Navy, 398- 399, 402 The Irarrazaval Ministry, 1892, 400 The Barros Luco Ministries, 400 The Eduardo Matte Ministry, 400 The Political Situation in 1894, 399-400 The Pedro Montt Ministry, 1894, 400 New Municipal Law, 400 Conversion of the Currency, 401 Political Parties in Congress, 401-402 Complications with Argentina, 402 Argentina and the Bolivian Question with Chile, 1893-96, 559 Sale of the Esmeralda to Japan, 1894, 402, 581 Understanding with Peru re Tacnaand Arica, 1895, 403-404 Chile — continued Candidates for the Presidency, 404 Federico Errazuriz, President, 1896, 404-409 Congressional Elections, 1897, 405-406 Conference between President Roca of Argentinaand President Errazuriz, 1899, 114 Jerman Riesco, President, 1901, 408- 409 Boundary Disputes with Argentina : in 1878-79, 330, 335 ; in 1895, 108- 109; in 1898, 406-407; in 1901- 1902, 119-120 The Puno de Atacama Dispute between Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia : in 1898, 111-112; in 1899, 113-114; in 1900, 407 Final Settlement of Dispute with Argentina, 1902, 409 Treaty between Argentina and Chile, June 1902, 120 Effect of Foreign Wars and Internal Disturbances, 410-411 Movement of Population, 411-412 Araucanian Indians, 412 Alcoholism in Chile, 413-414 Chilians and the Government, 414- 415 Education, 328, 415-417 Religion, 417-418 Administration of Justice, 418 National Character, 418-419 Finance, Economic Development, 330, 419-432 Railways, Roads, etc., 328, 419-420 Mineral Wealth, 421-426 Nitrate Industry, 421-423 Copper, 423-424 Silver, 424 Coal, 425 Borax, 425-426 Agriculture, etc. , 426-431 Vine-Growing, 429-430 Cattle and Sheep-Farming, 420, 430 Fisheries, 431 Manufactures, 431-432 Chilian Influence on the Pacific Coast, 656-657 Chile, Chilian Warship, 435 Chiloe Id., 421 Chimboraso, Ecuador, 585 Chimbote, Peru, 479 Chincha Ids. , Peru : Dispute with Spain, 1864, 326, 333, 507-508 Chinese in Perii, 546 Cholera : in Buenos Aires, 40 ; in Uruguay, 199 Cholo People in Peru, 532; in Bolivia, 564 INDEX 673 Chorillos, Peru : Battle, Jan. 13, 1881, 486-487 Other References, 479, 484 Christiancy, Mr, U.S. Minister in Peru, 480 Christianity in South America, see Catholic Church Chubut River, Argentina, 114-115 Chuno, 573 Cisneros, Viceroy Baltasar de, of Argen- tina, deposed, 24 Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela, 635 Ciudad de Cura, Venezuela, 635 Civil Registry in Chile, 332, 336 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850, 601 Cleopatra, German Steamer, 346 Cleveland, President, His Verdict in the Misiones Dispute, 1895, 109, 112, 116, 289 The President and the Boundary Dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, 1895, 622- 628 Coal in Chile, 425 Cobija, Chile, 446, 448 Cobras Island, Brazil, 263, 280 Cochabamba, Bolivia, 562, 567 Cochrane, Lord, in Peru, 23 Cochrane, see Almirante Cochrane Cocorobo, Brazil, 300 Coffee-Growing : in Peru, 547 ; in Ecuador, 588 ; in Colombia, 611-612 ; in Venezuela, 539, 644 Colchagua, Chile, 421 Colla Indians, 16 Colmo, Chile, 370-372 Colo-Calo, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 477 Colombia : Spanish Rule, 10 Revolution at Bogota, 1810, 21 Bolivar in New Granada, 1813, 21 Gen. Morilla at Cartagena, 1815, 22 New Granada and Venezuela under the Republic of Colombia, 22, 591-592 Bolivar, President, 1821, 22 Secession of Venezuela and Ecuador, (9. v.), 27, 591-592 Gen. Santander, Chief Magistrate, 1831, 27 Panama and Colon Free Ports, 28 Panama Treaty between the United States and Colombia, 28 ; renewed, 1865, 28 Dr Marquez, President, 1836, 28 Gen. Harran, President, 28 Gen. Mosquera, President, 28 Mariana Ospina, President, 28 Federal v. Unitarian Form of Govern- ment, 28 Colombia — continued The United States of Colombia, 1819, 591-592 The Confederacion Granadina, 1858, 592 The United States of New Granada, 1861, 592 The United States of Colombia, 1863, 592 The Republic of Colombia, 1866, 592 Internal Political Troubles, 592 Political Parties, 592-593 President Trujillo, 593 Rafael Nunez, President, 1880, 593- 594 Revolution in 1881, 594 Settlement of Boundary Dispute with Costa Rica, 594 President Laldua, 1883, 594 General Otalora, President, 1883, 594 Boundary Question with Venezuela, 595 Rafael Nunez, President, 1884, 595 President Nunez and the Conservatives, 595 Rebellion in 1885, 595-596 Occupation of Panama and Colon by United States Forces, 596-597 Revision of the Law of Constitution, 1886, 598 President Nunez re-elected 1886, 598 President Nunez re-elected 1892, 598 Miguel Caro, Vice-President, 599 Death of President Nunez, 1894, 599 Miguel Caro, President, 1894, 599 Revolt in 1895, 599 Boundary Dispute with Peru, 1895, 529 M. A. Sanclemente, President, 1898, 599 J. M. Marroquin, Vice-President, 599- 600 Revolution in 1898, 600 J. M. Marroquin, President, 1900, 600 The Panama Canal and the Secession of Panama, 1903, 601, 614, 655- 656 Topography and Revolutionary Practices, 602 Political Situation, 1904, 603-604 Economic Conditions, 604-605 Topographical Features and Climate, 605-606 Area and Population, 606-607 Hygienic Conditions, 607 Education, 607-609 Administration of Justice, 609 The Roman Catholic Church, 609-610 National Character, 610-611 Effects of Alcoholism, 611 2 U 674 INDEX Colombia — continued Agriculture and Industries, 611-614 Financial Situation, 614-615 Future Prospects, 615-616 Colon, Colombia : The Port, 28, 655 Occupation by United States Forces, 1885, 596-597 Capture of Colon by Insurgents, 1900, 600 Colonia, Uruguay, 207 Colorados of Uruguay, 131, 137, 197-204, 216-224, 649 Colorados Netos of Uruguay, 204-207 Colorados Principistas of Uruguay, 204- 207 Colquechaca, Bolivia, 574 Columbus referred to, 5 Comisario Regio in Peru, 507 Comision Conservadora in Chili, 342-344, 398 Commercio, Brazilian Newspaper, 299 Comte, Auguste, and His Theories in Brazil, 235 Concecao Id. , Brazil, 276 Concepcion, Chile, 324, 421, 425, 431 Concha, Sefior, y Toro, of Chile, 360, 362, 386, 387 Concha Rayada, Chile, 25 Conchuco Indians, 16 Concon, Chile, 367, 370-375 Concordia, Argentina, 132, 143-145 Condell, Capt., Chilian Naval Com- mander, 450, 452-453 Condell, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 357, 363, 364 Condor, Chilian Warship, 368 Conessa, Col., 156 Conselheiro or Maciel, Antonio, and the Jaguncos of Canudos, 296-302 Constant, Benjamin, Positivist, 235 Copper : in Chile, 423-424 ; in Peru, 548 Coquimbo, Chile, 326, 347, 348, 364, 382, 421 Cordero, Luis, President of Ecuador, 1892, 581-582 Cordoba, Gen., President of Bolivia, 30 Cordoba, Argentina, see under Argen- tina Coronel, Chile, 425 Corralito, Uruguay, 200 Correa, Pedro, y Santiago, of Peru, 523 Correa, Dr Serzedello, of Brazil, 259 Corrientes, Argentina, in the Para- guayan War, 138, 140-143, 151-152 Cortes, Fernando, Conqueror of Mexico, 7 Corumba, Brazil, 136 Costa, Dr Julio, Governor of Buenos Aires, 101-102, 105 Costa, Dr Quirno, Vice-President of Argentina, 111 Costa Rica : Boundary Dispute with Colombia, 594 Costa Rica and the Panama Canal, 601 Cotton Industry in Peru, 546-547, 552 Covadonga, Spanish Gunboat, 326, 507 ; captured by Chilians, Jan. 1866, 326, 509; in the Chilian-Peruvian War, 442, 450-454, 472 ; destroyed, 1880, 478-479 Cragosta, Brazil, 269 Crespo, Gen. Joaquin Leader of Revolution in Venezuela, 1892, 621 President of Venezuela, 1894, 621- 628, 633 President Crespo and the Boundary Dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, 622-628 Death of Gen. Crespo, 630 Cuadra, Pedro Lucio, of Chile, 339, 340 Cuba under Spanish Rule, 5, 7, 648 Cuenca, Ecuador, 585, 586, 587 Cuestas, Juan Lindolfo, President of Uruguay in 1897, 221-223; in 1899, 223 Cullen, Gen., of Argentina, 33 Gumming, Richard, in Chile, 364 Cundinamarca, Colombia, 595 Curayaco, Peril, 482 Curico, Chile, 421 Curityba, Paranagua, Brazil, 236, 273, 283, 284, 287, 288 Curupaitf, Paraguay, 157-160, 168 Curuzii, Paraguay, 157-160 Cuzco, Peru, 8, 536, 547 Daule River, 588 Davila, Col. Justo Pastor, Peruvian Commander, 459, 484-486 Daza, Gen. Hilarion, President of Bolivia, 438, 459-460, 462, 555-556 Defrance, A. , in Chile, 362 Desterro, Santa Catharina, Brazil, 265, 266, 271, 272, 280, 284 Detroit, U.S. Warship, 277 Diario de Commercio, Brazilian News- paper, 256 Dios Leon, Col. Alfaro, 1895, 582 Boundary Disputes, 1895, 529 Gen. Alfaro, President, 1897, 582 Gen. Alfaro and the Clergy, 582 Conspiracies against Gen. Alfaro, 582 Gen. Leonidas Plaza, President, 1901, 583 Laws regarding Sedition, 583 Political Conditions, 583 Ecuador — continued Economic Conditions, 583 Area and Population, 584 Cities of Ecuador, 584 Topographical Features, 585 Education, 586 Administration of Justice, 586 National Character, 587 Railways, 587-588 Industry and Production, 588-589 Financial Situation, 589-590 Future Prospects, 590 Education : in Argentina, 41, 123-125 ; in Paraguay, 194 ; in Uruguay, 208, 225-226; in Brazil, 312; in Chile, 328, 415-417 ; in Peru, 515, 534-536 ; in Bolivia, 569-570 ; in Ecuador, 585-586; in Colombia, 607-609; in Venezuela, 635-636 Edwards, Augustin, of Chile, 338, 339 Egan, Patrick, U.S. Minister in Chile, 1891, 361-362, 392-396 Egusquiza, E. D., 181 Egusquiza, J. B. , President of Paraguay, 1894, 190-191 Ejercito Restaurador de la Honra Nacional in Peru, 508 Ellauri, Dr Jose, President of Uruguay, 1873, 204-206 England and South America : British Action in Brazil, 13 British Aggression in Argentina, 19 Treaty between Argentina and England, 1825, 24 British Action in Uruguay, 1828, 24 English Recognition of the Independ- ence of South America, 26 Conflict with Uruguay, 31 England and the Paraguayan War, 1865, 151 Adm. Hotham and the Chilian Revolu- tion, 1891, 352, 360 The Siriusin Brazilian Waters, 1893-94, 265-266, 281 The Racer in Brazilian Waters, 1893, 265-266 Occupation of Trinidade, Brazil, 1895, 292 Boundary Dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, 1887, 620-621 Boundary Dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, 1895-99, 622-628, 654 England and the Chilian Boundary Disputes, in 1895, 108-109; in 1899, 111-112, 113-114; in 1901, 119-120 Blockade of La Guayra, Venezuela, by England, Germany, and Italy, 1902, 631 676 INDEX Ensenada, Argentina, 65, 285 Entre Rios, Argentina, 138, 140-144 Enxadas Id., Brazil, 263, 275, 280, 281 Errazuriz, Federieo, President of Chile, 1871, 114, 328-329, 388, 404-409 Escala, Gen., Chilian Commander, 458, 461, 465 Escobar, President, of Paraguay, 190 Escurra, Juan B., President of Paraguay, 191 Esmeralda, Ecuador, 589 Esmeralda, Chilian Warship : in Ata- cama, 1863, 435 ; in the War with Spain, 1866, 326; in the Chilian- Peruvian War, 1879, 443, 450-452 destroyed by Peruvians, 1879, 452 Esmeralda, New Chilian Warship, 399 in the Civil War in Chile, 1891, 346 366, 368, 374 ; sold to Japan, 1894 402, 581 Esperanra, Brazilian Ship, 266 Espina, Col., 102 Espinar, Col., Peruvian Commander, 463 Espinosa, Senor, of Peru, 527 Espinosa, Col. Julio Banados, of Chile, 348, 386-387, 392 Esperito-Santo, Ship, 303 Estanislas, Gen., del Canto, of Chile, 390 Estero Vellaco, 153 Estigarribia, Col., Paraguayan Com- mander, 143-148 Eten, Peru, 479 d'Eu, Conde, Commander in the Paraguayan War, 147, 181-187 Other References, 234, 240 Favella Hill, Canudos, 301 Febronio, Major, of Brazil, 298 Federal v. Unitarian Form of Govern- ment : in Colombia, 28 ; in Chile, 30 ; in Argentina, 32, 33, 42 ; in Brazil, 249 Felix, Jose, of Rio de Janeiro, 256 Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, 4 Ferdinand VII. of Spain, 19, 20, 21 Ferrari, Pablo, Chilian Commander, 478 Fidanza, Capt., 173 Fidelis, Col., Brazilian Commander, 134 Figueira, Andrade, of Brazil, 238, 239 Fisheries of Chile, 431 Flores, Antonio, President of Ecuador, 1888, 580, 583, 586 Flores, Col. Fortunato, in Uruguay, 197 Flores, Gen. Venancio, President of Ecuador, 1830, 1839, and 1843, 28-29 Leader of Revolt in Uruguay, 1863-65, 131-135 Flores, Gen. V. — continued President of Uruguay, 1865, 135, 197- 198 President Flores in the Paraguayan War, 139-160, 187 Assassination of Gen. Flores, 1868, 198 Flores, Buenos Aires, 56 Florida, U.S., 207 Florida, Uruguay, 203, 206 Fonseca, Gen. Deodoro da, of Brazil : Leader of Military Conspiracy, 242- 243 Provisional President of Brazil, 243- 245 President of Brazil, 246-256 Fontecilla, Manuel Sanchez, of Chile, 340 France and South America : French Action in Brazil, 1711, 13 Portugal and French Guiana, 1807- 15, 13-14 Conflict with Uruguay, 1851, 31 Conflict with Rosas in Argentina, 1894, 33-34 France and the Paraguayan War, 1865, 151 France and the Revolution in Chile, 1891, 361-362 French Victims in Brazilian Revolt, and Brazilian Indemnity to France, 1894, 287 French in Argentina, 122 Francia, Dr Rodriguez de, First Consul in Paraguay, 25 Francisco, Col. Joao, of Brazil, 291 Franklin, Benjamin, referred to, 26 Freire, Col., in Uruguay, 1868, 198 Freire, Gen. , President of Chile, 1823, 30 Freire, Francisco, of Chile, 1886, 338 Fresia, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 476, 483 Frias, Col. Anibal, of Chile, 370 Frias, Felix, 46 Fruit-Growing : in Paraguay, 192 ; in Uruguay, 229-230 ; in Chile, 429 ; in Bolivia, 573 Fuenzalida, Ensign, of Chile, 379 Funes, Naval Commander, 98-99, 107 Gainza, Gen. Martin, 45 Galenga, Mr, of the Times, 540 Galvez, Lieut., Peruvian Commander, 477 Gama, Adm. Saldanha da, Personality of Adm. da Gama, 270 Commander of Rebel Forces in Brazil, 1893, 265-283 Leader of Revolt in Rio Grande do Sul, 1895, 290-293 Other References, 263, 311 INDEX 677 Gamarra, Col., Peruvian Commander, 1880, 469 Gamarra, Gen., President of Peru, 1829, 29 Peruvian Leader in Bolivia, 1839, 30 Gana, Gen., Jose Francisco, of Chile, 348 Garcia, Capt. Aureteo, y Garcia, Peruvian Commander, 480-481, 486, 489 Garezon, Lieut. Pedro, Peruvian Naval Commander, 456-457 Garibaldi, Gen. , in Uruguay, 31 Gatica, Major, of Chile, 348 Gazeta da Tarde, Brazilian Newspaper, 299 Gelly, Gen., y Obes, Argentine Com- mander, 165, 176, 179, 187 Germany and South America : Blockade of La Guayra, Venezuela, by England, Germany, and Italy, 1902, 631 Germans in Argentina, 122 ; in Brazil, 235, 310 ; in Chile, 416 Gill, President, of Paraguay, 189 Glycerio, Francisco, of Brazil, 251, 302 Godoy, Domingo, Minister in Chile, 1891, 362, 392 Godoy, Joaquin, Minister in Chile, 1886, 338 Gold : in Peru, 549 ; in Colombia, 613 ; in Venezuela, 641 Gomensoro, Tomas, President of Uruguay, 203, 205 Gomez, Col. Leandro, in the Paraguayan War, 132-133 Gonzalez, President, of Paraguay, 1890, 190 Gonzalez, Col. Genuardo, of Paysandii, 1875, 207 Gorostiaga, Dr Benjamin, Candidate for the Presidency of Argentina, 66, 67 Gouvernador Id. , Brazil, 266, 269 Gragoata, Brazil, 274 Grammer, Juan, of Chile, 358 Grande, Ilha, Brazil, 271 Grau, Adm. Miguel, Peruvian Naval Commander, in the Chilian-Peruvian War, 450-457 Great Britain, see England Guacoldo, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 477, 483 Guadaloupe, Bolivia, 574 Guaitecas Id., 421 Guale, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 358 Gualeguay, Argentine Warship, 138 Guanabara, Brazilian Warship, 263 Guanara, Venezuela, 635 Guano : Exports from Peru, 1869, 511-512 Guano — continued The Guano Deposits of Atacama and the Disputes between Bolivia and Chile, the Chilian-Peruvian War, 1879-84, and the Chilian Occupa- tion of Atacama, 433-504 Guano in the Lobos Ids., 498 Guaviyii, Uruguay, 211 Guayaneco Id., 421 Guayaquil, Ecuador, 578, 582, 584, 586, 587 Guayas River, 588 Guerrero, Adolfo, 365 Guiana, British, and the Venezuelan Boundary Dispute : in 1887, 620- 621 ; in 1895-99, 622-628, 654 Guiana, French, Portugal and French Guiana, 1807- 15, 13-14 Amapa Dispute with Brazil, 1897-99, 306 Guimaraes, Adm., of Brazil, 255 Gustavo Sampaio, Brazilian Torpedo- Catcher, 269, 286 Gutierrez, Cols. Marcelino, Silvestre, and Tomas, Peruvian Conspirators, 513-514 Gutschmid, Baron, in Chile, 360, 387 Haggard, Mr, referred to, 628 Hague Tribunal, 631 Hamilton, Alexander, referred to, 26 Harrison, Benjamin, and the Relations between Chile and the United States, 1891, 393-395 Heraldo, Chilian Newspaper, 349 Heredia, Gen. , of Argentina, 33 Herran, Gen., President of Colombia, 28 Herrera, Emilia Toro, Wife of President Balmaceda, 334 Holdich, Sir Thomas, and the Chilian Boundary Question, 119 Holguin, Carlos, of Colombia, 598 Holleben, Baron von, 59 Holland : Dutch Action in Brazil, 13 Holley, Gen. Adolfo, of Chile, 353, 355- 356, 368, 390 Homos, Gen., in the Paraguayan War, 164 Hotham, Adm. , of the Warspite, in Chile, 1891, 352, 360 Hotham, Lieut., of the Sirius, in Brazil, 1894, 281 Huacho, Peru, 479 Huaita Ford, Atacama, Chile, 447 Hualgayoc, Peru, 550 Huamachuco, Peru, 496 Huamachuco Indians, 16 Huanca Indians, 16 Huanchaca, Bolivia, 356 678 INDEX Huanchaca Mining Company, Bolivia, 571, 574 Huara, Chile, 351 lluascar, Peruvian Monitor : built 1866, 443 ; in the Peruvian War with Spain, 1866, 510; in the Peruvian Revolution, 1878, 518 ; in the Chilian- Peruvian War, 1879, 443, 450-454; captured by Chilians, 1879, 455-458 ; Chilian Monitor in the Chilian- Peruvian War, 1880-81, 476-477, 488 ; in Chilian Civil War, 1891, 346 Huasco, Chile, 366, 454 Huemel, Chilian Warship, 368 Huerta, Manuel Garcia de la, of Chile, 339 Humaita, Paraguay, in the Paraguayan War, 1865-68, 139, 141, 148, 157, 162- 171 ; bombarded by Allies, Apr.- July 1868, 168-171 Humboldt, Alexander von, referred to, 9 Husares Constitutionales of Chile, 376 Ibanez, Adolfo, of Chile, 340 Iglesias, Gen. Miguel, Peruvian Commander in the Chilian- Peruvian War, 1881, 484, 486, 487 President of Peru, 1883, 496-497, 522- 524, 531, 538 Ignacio, Adm., Brazilian Commander in the Paraguayan War, 160, 161, 181 Iguatemy, Brazilian Warship, 263 Imperial, Chilian Transport, 363 Incas of Peru, 7, 8, 16 Independencia, Peruvian Ironclad : built 1865, 443 ; in the Peruvian War with Spain, 1866, 510; in the Chilian- Peruvian War, 1879, 443, 450-453; destroyed, 1879, 453, 479; Other Reference, 513 Independencia, Peruvian Armed Steam Launch, 477 Indians: of South America, 15, 412; of Peru, 532-533, 538, 546 ; of Bolivia, 558-559, 565, 568-571 ; of Ecuador, 587 Inquisition, 4, 540 Intemperance, see Alcoholism Iquique, Tarapaca : Peruvian Port, 448 Naval Battle between Chile and Peru, 1879, 450-452 Chilian Port in the Chilian Civil War, 1891, 346, 348, 351-353, 360, 364- 366 Other References, 412, 422 Iquitos, Peru, 527, 551, 553 Irarrazaval, Seflor, of Chile, 400 Irigoyen, Dr Bernardo, Candidate for the Presidency of Argentina, 66, 67 Partisan of the Union Civica, 73 Partisan of the Union Civica Radical, 93 Governor of Buenos Aires, 116-117 Iriondo, Dr, of Santa Fe, 49 Isabel, Princess, Regent of Brazil, 234-240 Her Emancipation of the Slaves, 237- 240 Italy and South America : Conflict with Uruguay, 1851, 31 Uruguayan Question with Italy, 1882, 210 Brazilian Question with Italy, 1896, 293 Blockade of La Guayra, Venezuela, by England, Germany, and Italy, 1902, 631 Italians in Argentina, 121 ; in Brazil, 237, 309 Itapirii, Fort, Paraguay, 153 Itaroro River, Paraguay, 176 Itata, Chilian Transport, 359, 391, 395 Itati, Argentina, 152 Jacobinos of Brazil, 302-304 Jacques, Gen., of Brazil, 290 Jaguarao, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 255 Jaguncos of Canudos, 296-302 Janequeo, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 476- 477 Japan : Japanese Purchase of the Chilian Warship Esmeralda, 402, 581 Japanese in Peru, 532, 546 Jauja, Peru, 523 Javary, Brazilian Warship, 263, 269 Jews in Spain, 4, 6 Joao VI. of Portugal in Brazil, 13 Jornal de Brazil, 299 Jornal de Comercio, Brazilian News- paper, 258 Jovellanos, Salvador, President of Para- guay, 1872, 188 Juan Fernandez, 431 Jueces de Paz in Colombia, 609 Junin : Battle, Aug. 6, 1824, 23 Other References, 422, 460, 461 Junta de Gobierno in Chile, 358-382, 383, 389 Jupiter, Brazilian Merchant Ship, 259, 263 Kennedy, John Gordon, in Chile, 360 Konig, Senor, Chilian Minister in Bolivia, 1900, 408, 562 INDEX 679 Korner, Gen. Emilio, in Chile, 357, 359, 370, 382, 390, 399 Lackawana, U.S. Corvette, at Arica, Oct. 1880, 480, 483, 497 La Cotera, Gen. Manuel Gonzalez de, of Peru, 521 Ladario, Baron de, of Brazil, 243 Lage, Brazil, 263, 264 Lagomarsino, Capt., Chilian Naval Commander, 472 Lagos, Col. Hilario, in Argentina, 1880, 45, 50, 54, 57 Lagos, Col., Chilian Commander, 1880- 81, 471-472, 481, 486, 488 La Guayra, Venezuela : Blockade by England, Germany, and Italy, 1902, 631 Other References, 625, 640 Laldua, President, of Colombia, 594 Lamar, Gen., President of Peru, 29 Lamas, Col. Diego, Leader of Rising against President Borda of Uru- guay, 217 ; assassinated, 222 Lambayeque, Peru, 479 Lambton, Capt., in Chile, 352 Lapa, Brazil, 273 La Paz, Bolivia, 561, 562, 563, 566 La Plata, see under Argentina La Puerta, Gen. Luis de, Vice-President of Peru, 474-475, 511, 520-521 Lara, Venezuela, 642 La Rioja, Argentina, 117, 161 Larreta, Dr Aureliano Rodriguez, of Uruguay, 212, 221 Las Cadenas, Chile, 376-377 Las Cruces, Chile, 375 Lastera, Gen., in Chile, 30 Las Zorras, Chile, 376-377 Latacunga, Ecuador, 585 Latin America and Pan-American Con- gresses, 654 Latorre, Capt., Chilian Naval Com- mander, 454-455 Latorre, Major Lorenzo, Commander in Uruguay, 205, 208 Dictator of Uruguay, 208-209 President of Uruguay, 209 Lautaro, Steamer sunk off Panama, 1902, 600 Lavadenz, Gen., Peruvian Commander, 463 Lavalle, Gen., in Argentina, 33, 58 Lavalle, Jose Antonio, of Peru, 439-440, 498 Lavalle, Lopez, of Iquique, 464 Law : Administration of Justice ; in Argentina, 115, 125 ; in Uruguay, 226; in Brazil, 313; in Chile, 418; in Peru, 536-537 ; in Bolivia, 570 ; in Law — continued Ecuador, 586-587 ; in Colombia, 609 ; in Venezuela, 636-637 Lebu, Chile, 346 Leipzig, German Warship, 379 Letelier, Col., Chilian Commander, 482 Liberdade, Brazilian Cruiser, 276 Liberdade, Brazilian Newspaper, 299 Libertacao do Ventre, 237 Libertad,, Chilian Newspaper, 334 Liliedale, Dr Oscar, of Argentina, 75-76, 93* Lillo, Eusebio, of Chile, 338, 339, 480 Lima, Viana de, of Brazil, 135 Lima, Peru : The Gutierrez Conspiracy, 1872, 513- 514 Insurrection, 1879, 475 Chilian Occupation, Jan. Death of Gen. Lopez, 1870, 186 Lopez, Dr Lucio V. , Governor of Buenos Aires, 1893, 102, 105-106 Dr Lopez and Col. Sarmiento, 105-106 Lopez, Dr Luzio, and the Union Civica in Argentina, 1887, 75, 76 Lopez, Dr Vicente, President of Argentina, 32, 33 Partisan of the Union Civica, 75, 76, 79 Minister of Finance in Argentina," 88 Lorena, Capt., Provisional President of Brazil, 265-286 Los Andes, Venezuela, 642 Los Angeles, Peru, 516 Lota, Chile, 425 Lubiaga, Lieut. Col., Peruvian Com- mander, 459 Lucena, Baron, of Brazil, 252 Luco, Ramon Barros, of Chile, 340, 346, _ 389-391, 400 Lujan, Buenos Aires, 56 Lynch, Capt. Patricio, Chilian Com- mander in the Chilian- Peruvian War, 479-480, 481-487, 493-495 Lynch, Madame, referred to, 140, 185, 186 Lynch, Chilian Torpedo-Boat, 357, 363, 364, 379 MacCann, Adm., of the United States, and the Revolution in Chile, 1891, 360, 363 Maciel or Conselheiro, Antonio, and the Jaguncos of Canudos, 296-302 Mackenna, Benjamen Vicuna, of Chile, 329 Madeira, Brazilian Warship, 263 Madeiros, Col. , of Brazil, 300 Magalhaes, Coelho, 162 Magalhaes, Col. Marciano de, of Brazil, 251 Magallanes, Chile, 421 Ma/jallanes, Chilian Gunboat, 328, 346, 347, 349, 442, 454 Magdalena, Colombia, 21, 595 Magdalena, near Lima, Peru, 494 Magellan, Straits of, 420, 425 Magnasco, Dr, of Argentina, 115, 124, 125 Maipo, Chilian Transport, 365, 366 Maipu, Chilian Warship, 354 Maypii, Chile : Battle Apr. 5, 1818, 25 Maldonado, Uruguay, 207 Malleco, Chile, 421 Malpartida, Seiior, of Peru, 527 Manantiales de San Juan, Uruguay, 203 Manco Gapac, Peruvian Monitor, 443, 468, 472 Manduvira River, 182 Manuelita, Daughter of Dictator Rosas, 36-37 Mapocho, Chilian Steamer, 365 Maracaibo, Venezuela, 612, 635 Marajd, Brazilian Warship, 263 Maranon, Peruvian Schoolship, 493 Marcilio Lias, Brazilian Warship, 263, 264 Maria of Portugal, 14 Maronas, Uruguay, 200 Marquez, Dr, President of Colombia, 28 Marquis d'Olinda, Brazilian Ship, 135 Marriage Laws, etc. : in Uruguay, 210 ; in Chile, 332, 336 ; in Peru, 528 ; in Venezuela, 637 Marroquin, J. M., Vice-President of Colombia, 599-600 President of Colombia, 600 Marte, Brazilian Merchant Ship, 263 Martens, Dr, referred to, 628 Martinez, Col. , of Chile, 486 Martinez, Carlos Walker, of Chile, 360, 386-387 Martyr, Major Diocletiano, Brazilian Conspirator, 304 Matias Cousino, Chilian Transport, 454, 476 Matta, Juan Gonzalo, 365 Matte, Augusto, of Chile, 339, 364 Matte, Eduardo, of Chile, 360, 392-395, 400 Mattera, Mgr. 1891, 384, 389 President of Chile, Dec. 1891-Sept. 1896, 390-405 His Administration, 397-405 Montt, Manuel, President of Chile, 30, 323-324 Montt, Pedro, of Chile, 338, 339, 360, 364, 394-395, 400, 408-409 Moore, Capt, Peruvian Naval Com- mander, 450, 453 Moors in Spain, 4, 6 Moquegua, Peru, 469, 481, 518 Moraes, Col. Mendes de, 303 Moraes, Dr Prudente de, Republican, 239, 251 President of Brazil, 1894, 283-304, 306 The President and the Pacification of Rio Grande do Sul, 1895, 290-293 Temporary Retirement of President Moraes, 1896, 294 His Return to Rio de Janeiro, 1897, 296 The Canudos Campaigns, 296-302 Conspiracy against President Moraes, 303 Morales, Col, in Buenos Aires, 56, 58 Moreira, Col., Military Commandant at Desterro, 286 Commander of Expedition against Canudos, 298-301 Moreno of Argentina, 24, 32 Moreno, President, of Ecuador, assassin- ated, 1875, 29, 578 Moreno, Dr, and the Chilian Boundary Commission in 1899, 113-114 Morilla, Gen. , at Cartagena, 22 Morinigo, President, of Paraguay, 1894, 190 Morris, Rev. Mr, of Buenos Aires, 124- 125 Morro Hill, Arica, 471-473 Morro Solar: Fighting, Jan. 13, 1881, 484, 486-487 Mosquera, Gen., President of Colombia, 28 Mowbray, Lieut. Beauchamp, 266 Munecas, Dr, of Tucuman, 49 Municipal Government, etc. : in Chile, 400 ; in Peru, 539 ; in Venezuela, 635 Munis, Col. Angel, of Uruguay, 207 Mufioz, Col., in Brazil, 134 Munoz, Dr Jose Maria, Candidate for the Presidency of Uruguay, 204 Nabuco, Joaquin, of Brazil, 238, 307 Napoleon and the Peninsular War, 13 Navarro, Dr, of Catamarca, 49 Negroes : in South America, 10 ; in Peru, 532 Netto, Gen., Brazilian Commander, 133, 141, 155 New Granada, see Colombia New York, U.S. Warship, 277 Newark, U.S. Warship, 277 Nicaragua and the Panama Canal, 601 Nictheroy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 253, 262, 263, 265, 266 682 INDEX Nictheroy,. Brazilian Warship, 268 Nitrate Industry of Atacama, Tarapaca, etc., the Dispute of Peru with Chile, and the Chilian Occupation of Ata- cama, Tarapaca, etc., 414, 420-423, 437, 480, 498, 516-517, 520, 555-556 Novidades, Brazilian Newspaper, 256 Novo Friburgo, Brazil, 310 Novoa Jovino, of Chile, 498 Nuble, Chile, 421 Nueva Coimbra, Brazil, 135 Numancia, Spanish Warship, 326, 509 Nunez, Capt. Castro Mendez, Spanish Naval Commander, 326, 509-510 Nunez, Rafael, President of Colombia, 1880, 593-594 ; 1884-94, 595-599 Nunez, Velasco, de Vela, 11 Obes, Dr Julio Herrera y, President of Uruguay, 213-215 O'Connor, Capt., of Argentina, 82 O'Higgins, Gen., in Chile, 25, 30 O'Higgins, Chile, 421 O'Higgins, Chilian Corvette, 327 ; in the Chilian-Peruvian War, 1879-81, 442, 449-460, 488; in the Chilian Civil War, 1891, 346, 347, 349, 354 O'Higgins, New Chilian Warship, 399 Oil Industry in Peru, 550 Olaiieto, Sefior, of Bolivia, 434 Olave, Col., in Uruguay, 198 Oliveira, Major, in the Paraguayan War, 185 Oliveira, Joao Alfredo Correa de, of Brazil, 238 Olivera, Argentina, 56 Olmos, Col. Lisandro, at Cordoba, 52, 66 Olney, Richard, and the Boundary Dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, 623 Oribe, Ignacio, President of Uruguay, 31 Oribe, Manuel, President of Uruguay, 31 Orinoco River, 643 Orion, Brazilian Warship, 263 Ortiz, Gregorio, Assassin, 212 Oruro, Bolivia, 562, 567, 571, 574 Osborn, Mr, U.S. Minister at Santiago, 480 Oscar, Gen. Arturo, Commander in Expedition against Canudos, 299- 302 Oscurra, Paraguay, 184 Osorio, Gen., in Chile, 1818, 25 Osorio, Gen., Brazilian Commander in the Paraguayan War, 133, 153-187 Osorio, Gen. Rocha, of Brazil, 1891, 255 Osomo, Chile, 416 Ospina, Mariano, President of Colombia, 28 Otalora, Gen., President of Colombia, 594-595 Ouro Preto, Vizconde de, of Brazil, 241, 299 Ouro Preto, Brazil, 314 Ovalle, Juan, of Chile, 358 Ovalle, Chile, 347 Ovando, Gen. , of Colombia, 28 Oviedo, Dr, of Peru, 495 Pacasmayo, Peru, 479 Pacheco, Sefior, President of Bolivia, 1884, 557 Pacocha, Peru, 468, 515 Pacto de Tregua, Apr. 4, 1884, 332, 501 ; ratified, Nov. 29, 1884, 503, 557 Padilla, Major Julio, 376 Paez, Gen., Hero in the War of Independence in Venezuela, 22 President of Venezuela, 28 Palacios, Bishop, referred to, 173 Palacios, President, of Venezuela, 1 889, 621 Palacios, Lieut. 18, 1865, 147 Preparations for Defence of Para- guay, 148 The Lopez Administration in Matto Grosso, 148 Consultation of Argentine, Brazilian, and Paraguayan Representa- tives, 150 Peace Proposals refused by Brazil, 151 Paraguay — continued The Paraguayan War — continued Corrientes as the Base of Operations, 151 Defences of the Parana, 151, 152 Engagements at Paso de La Patria, 152, 153 Raid to Rati, Feb., 1866, 152 Reconnaissance of Paraguayan Posi- tions, 153 Engagements on the Parana, Apr., 1866, 153 Camp near Fort Itapiru, 153 Surprise of Allies, 154 Advance into Paraguay, 154 Battle of May 20, 1866, 154 Discontent in Allied Army, 156 Engagements of July 15 and 18, 1866, 156 Expedition against Curupaite, 157 Engagement at Curuzii, Sept. 2, 1866, 157 Garrison of Curuzu, 158 Peace Proposals by Lopez, 158, 159 Attack upon Curupaiti, Sept., 1866, 159-160 Military Changes, 160 Marshal Caxias's Invasion, July, 1867, 161-162 Occupation of Rio Hondo, 162 Situation in Matto Grosso, 162 Operations at Humaita, 163, 164, 165, 166 Capture of Villa del Pilar, and Tayi, Sept. 1867, 164 Engagement at Tuyutf, Nov., 1867, 164-165 Capture of Rqjas, 1868, 168 Capitidation of Curupaiti, 1868, 168 Bombardment of Humaita, Apr., 1868, 168 Attempt to seize the Monitor Rio Grande, 169 Assault on Humaita, July, 1868, 169 Occupation of Humaita by the Allies, July, 1868, 170-171 Conditions at Tibicuari, 172-173 Fighting on the River Canabe, Sept. , 1868, 175, 176, 177, 179 Assault on Agostura, Dec. , 1868, 176, 177 Capture of Villeta, Dec, 1868, 177 Hostilities resumed, Dec 20, 1868, 179 Action of Dec 20, 1868, 180 Surrender of Agostura, Dec 30, 1868, 180 Occupation of Asuncion, 180 Mission of Sefior Parunhos, 181 684 INDEX Paraguay — continued The Paraguayan War — continued Provisional Government at Asun- cion, 182 Engagement at the River Manduvira, 182 Fight at Sapucay, July, 1869, 183 Attack on Peribebuy, July 12, 1869, 183-184 Evacuation of Oscurra and Caacupi by Lopez, 184 Engagement at Yagari, Aug., 1869, 185 Action at Campo Grande, 185 Death of Lopez, Mar., 1870, 186 Treaty of Peace, July, 1870, 186 Uruguay and the War Indemnity, 210 Death of Gen. Lopez, Mar., 1870, 186 Cirilo Rivarola, President, 1870, 186- 188 Population of Paraguay, 1870, 187 Political Situation, 188-189 Resignation of President Rivarola, 1872, 188 Assassination of Ex-President Rivarola, 1872, 188 Salvador Jovellanos, President, 1872, 188-189 Senor Gill, President, 1874, 189 President Gill assassinated, 1875, 189 Senor Uriarte, President, 1875, 187, 189 Senor Baredo, President, 1875, 189 Senor Saguier, President, 1875, 189 Gen. Caballero, President, 1882, 189 Senor Escobar, President, 1886, 190 Senor Gonzalez, President, 1890, 190 President Gonzalez deposed, 1894, 190 Senor Morinigo, President, 1894, 190 J. B. Egusquiza, President, 1894, 190- 191 Boundary Dispute with Bolivia, 191 Relations with Uruguay, 191 Emilio Aceval, President, 1898, 191 Juan B. Escurra, President, 1902, 191 The Constitution of Paraguay, 188 Agriculture, etc., 192 Population, 187, 193 Australians at San Cosme, 194 Education, 194 Paraguay River, 139-140 Parana, Brazil, 283, 310 Parana River : The Parana as a Waterway, 33 The Parana in the Paraguayan War, 137-148, 151-154 Paranagua, Brazil, 273, 280, 284 Pardo, Manuel, Candidate for the Presidency of Peru, 512-513 President of Peru, 1872, 515-517 Assassination of Pardo, 1878, 518-519 Pareja, Adm. Jose Manuel, Spanish Commander, 326, 507-509 Parish, Sir Woodbine, in Argentina, 24 Paroja, Gen. , in Chile, 25 Parra, Aquites, President of Colombia, 593 Parunhos, Senhor, of Brazil, 181 Paso de la Patria, 152, 153 Patagonia : Catholic Missions, 9 Patagonian Indians, 15 Public Works, 118 Sheep-Farming, 430 President Roca in Patagonia in 1899, 114-115 Patillos, Chile, 348 Paul, Dr Rqjas, of Venezuela, 620, 621 Paunero, Gen., Argentine Commander in the Paraguayan War, 142-147, 161, 187 Pavon, Argentina : Battle, Oct., 1861, 38, 40 Paysandii, Uruguay, 132-133, 201, 202, 205, 207, 208 Payta, Peru, 479 Paz, Dr Maximo, Governor of Buenos Aires, 84 Pedro I., 14 Pedro II. : His Personality, 232, 233 Emperor of Brazil, 14-15, 232-244, 313 Pedro and the Paraguayan War, 147, 151, 160 His Visits to Europe, 232, 236 His Return to Brazil, 1888, 240 Deposition of the Emperor, and His Return to Portugal, 1889, 243 Death of Pedro, 1891, 257 Peixoto, Gen. Canseco, Feb.-Nov., 1865, 506-508 Gen. Prado, President, 1865, 508-511 Peru and the Paraguayan War, 1865, 137, 151 Alliances with Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia, Dec, 1865, 326-327, 508 The Chincha Ids., Dispute between Spain and Peru, 1864-65, 326, 333, 507-508 War with Spain of Chile and Peru, 1865-66, 326-327, 508-510 Naval Engagement near Abtao, Feb. 6, 1866, 509 Spanish Bombardment of Val- paraiso, Mar. 31, 326-327, 509 Spanish Bombardment of Callao, May 2, 509-510, 517-520 Withdrawal of Spanish Squadron, May 12, 510 Other References to the War, see under Chile Dictatorship of Gen. Prado, 510 Revision of the Constitution, 1867, 510 Gen. Prado, Constitutional President, 1867, 510 Revolt against President Prado under Gen. Canseco and Col. Jose Balta, 1867, 510-511 Gen. Luis de La Fuerta, Vice- President, 511 Resignation of President Prado, Jan. 6, 1868, 511 Gen. Canseco, Acting President, 511 Constitutional Reforms of 1867 re- voked, 511 Col. Jose Balta, President, Aug. , 1868, 511-513 The Financial Situation, 511-512 Public Works, 512 The Gutierrez Conspiracy in Lima and Callao, 1872, 512-514 Assassination of President Balta, 1872, 513-514 Mariano Herencia Zevallos, Vice- President, 514 Manuel Pardo, President of Peru, 1872, 512-513, 515-517 686 INDEX Peru — continued Reforms, 515 Revolt under Nicolas de Pierola, 1874, 515-516 Pardo's Foreign Policy, 516-517 Secret Alliance between Bolivia and Peru, 1873, 436, 441, 517, 555 Gen. Prado re-elected President, 1875, 450, 474-475, 517-520 Gen. La Puerta, Vice-President, 474 Conspiracies under Nicolas de Pierola, 1876 and 1878, 518 Treaty with Spain, 1878, 518 Assassination of Ex-President Pardo, Sept. 22, 1878, 518-519 The Guano Deposits and the Nitrate Industry of Atacama, and the Disputes between Bolivia and Chile, Peruvian Intrigues in Bolivia, the Chilian War with Perii and Bolivia, 1879-84, and the Chilian Occupation of Ata- cama, Tarapaca, Tacna and Arica. 