None
Central rain system, 40. Chamber, effluent, 358, •* influent. 3<56. *' walls, 36Q. Cbandkr'ik Ppif., remarlre on wetls, 140, Channels, coelficients lor, 308, '"' depths and relative votumcs ami velocities, 398, ♦* eapcrimentJil flow hi, 307, 309, jii* 3Mil»S ya^pi&m^ •' flow in, ex lata, 306, *; '•' '-n- - ■ 373. a7s- •* ■ ;■ T tlo«, ubie, 310, " <.x>ntimling flow in, 3{E&. •* mcAii velocities, jta, 314, 3*6, 3184 3*9. ** ratios of surtsce to mean T^octtjr* 3»5 " sur6ice relocitics, 3? j. %'elocUN of flow it), 30^ JP04, J&7, jal^ vel*' waiter II ntiDS, 3tt. r>t«Cttonor» 43U ^^^^^^^^^^^" ^^^^^ 636 ^M ^^^bumcteristiot of pipe metals, 470. CompeontioQ Aow, 86. ^^1 ■ CbiLTcottl clahficiiti'tMi 01 wkter, 5^5^ 537. to riparian owaofti m* ^^H ^ " filters, 536. Composite branchu^ ptpe^ ^4, ^^^^M Composition of water, the. 11 s. ^^^^^1 Check vftlvc. 367, 5*v Chemiod clAfifitation, 53*. Compound tubes, atS, 330, ^^^^^H Choice of water, 587. coefficients for. MO. ^^^^^M Cities, families i« vmrious. 33. Co mprcssSbi tit y and elasticity of water, 167, ^^H *' perM)ns per fwnily m various, 32. Concrete conduit, a. 438. ^^^| *' population of vanoua, pi. foundatnuis. ^68. ^^^^M for pipes, 487. ^^^H »* water supplied to, 35, 3^, 37, Clar16cation of water, artiticut, 15^ 53a. 515, paving, 355. ^^^H K Clanhcatioii of water, charcoaL 535. 537, H '* *' rhcmicai, 5\j. profiortions of. 368. ^^^^^^M revetizienU. 439* 410^ ^^^^^| will, 338. 348. ^^^^H Conduit arch, ifirust of, 437. ^^^^^^1 m '' ** natural* t^g, 53«>» S^a- r Cleaainf of filter beds, 553. data, ^^H Cl«ar water bABins. ^50. Cliniaie eiTectji, niiii^lts 47. of concrete. 438. ^^^^H Coal rcquire%l for pumping, sS«. V wood. 439, 441. ^^^^B Coating (aimhakninl pipes, 475t 487. 49» Cochitiwie basin, rum upon, 7a. sheU9, 434 ^^^^1 Conduits and pi pea 233. ^^^^^^H backing of, ^^^H H Coefficients* comfioufirl tubes, jiq, a^o. H ** convergent lub«&, 217. ci|]acittes of noted, 445. ^^^^^H ■ f', Uiblcot, .71. ^B ^* iMpcrnne:ital, 108. ■ '• table of, »37. coefficienbi* for, 444. ^^^^^H example** of, 74. 431, 435* 433* 439* US* ^H '* exposure to fTO?a, 437. ^^H ■ ** for channel Kutter's, 305. ** formulas for Aow in, 442, 443, 445. ^^M H •• *♦ circulir orifices, i«i6, 109, >o3, ■ *• " tnirrent meters, ^aj, 326* 3a6i». foundations for, 433. ^^H locked bricks for, 435. ^^M H^ ** ** Dow in conduits. 444. masfinry. 4^1. ^^^^M mean radii or 441, 443. ^^^^^H B ** »* hydrometers, ws. ^1 ** *' pip^^ table of. 74a. ■ H ** recUnguUr orifices, 198, 9«h protection froni frost 43fi, ^^^^H stof^gites in, 4j':>. ^^^^^H ^B aoi, 3t>9« 305,906. " iransmKsiofi lirpressuce In, 436. ^^^^H ■ " *» service pipes, 5*8^ ^^^^ ** •* short tubes^, 214, 217, atfi, 119, ** under pressure, 435, 439* ^^H ventilation ot, 4-4, ^^^^H ^^^H a^o, 777, 3«B. ConfertiCj 139. ^^^^^^M ^^^H *' sluice ar>eiture«, aoi, aoa, 303, ^^^F 305, 3 36. '* filter bcHls. 548. ^^^^H " kt various (orm* of tubes, 215^ Consumption of water, 34. 43, 503. ^^^^^^M 7lS. 3fQ, 330, 331. Contents ot pii>es 504. ^^^^^M Core of ail cmbankinent, 348. ^^^^^^H 1* *' wu^i- forcpultts, 187, aS8. ** ♦* wide crested tvclrs, 294. Comish pump, 557. 563. ^^^^^^^| ** fonuulas for pipe«, 336, 342, 367, Co5tv of pttmpincr water, 574, 575. ^^^^^H Crib- work foundations, 3B5. ^^^^^^| 37 J. " from CastcK 300. ^^^^^^1 '* Kytclwcin and d'Aubub- Croton basin, ralntalf upon, 73. ^^^^^1 9on, 156. Dam, Q4« ^^^^H Aqueduct, 74t 43*^ 445 ^^^^H •• " General Ellis, aoi. * *' L*Abbe Hossut. 199, Curb*!. sto(Wul%'e, 515. ^^^^^M •* " Lespinasse, aou *♦ *• MichelotU, 19K. Current meters, 333, 33^. 336, 336a. ^^^^^^H meter Tating. 335, 3350. 306. ^^^^H •* " Proov, 335. Curved-face wall, ^^^^^^H *' " Reimie, km. Cut-olT wall embAnWtnent, 338. 348, ^^^^^^M ** increase of in short tubes, 313. Cycle, low, rainfalls, 69, 77, 78, ^^^^M " w»» a34i »47' Cylindrical cantilevers, Mrcn{;th of, 599, 60a. ^^H •• mean, tjx smooth and foul pipes, penstock, 440. ^^H 348, 34IJ. 367. pressures tn, 593. ^H " thickness of, 448, 450, 4»&, 4^ 489* ^H •* of efflux, factors of, 107, 3j8. •• '* table of, »»7* *• of entrance of Jet, J67. ** *^ flow ftoiu caanoeis, 905, 307^ 308. T»9' L* ;; f"**,'" P'P**' 'P^' »*^ »<®' ^95- •* ** friction of earth- work, 345. ^^^H ^^H Dam5, aprons of. 383, 387, 388. ^^H caps, 386. ^H ♦* ** ** Ubteof,49^ ** ** Issue from sbort tubes, 318* discharges over, 39a. 3980, 378, 380, 381, ^H ^H '* ** masonry friction, j<^ forms or 94. 389, 384, 391* ^^1 •* ** velocity and contraction of ice thrust on, 386. ^_^^M thickness of. 387. ^^^^^^1 orifice jets. soft. ** practical ippllcation of, 197. Ehircy-Pitot tube gauge, ^»3. |^^^^H " range of, a 33. Dat.-i from erticting conduits, 44$* ^^^^^H ^^^H *^ reni^tance in bends, 374. D* L', 5JO. ^^^^H ^^^B tables of, for pipes, 336. z^a* 94Bt r>' jf an incti and foot, 4S7. ^^^^^H ** vitriable values of, aia. I>i r^itnir imjmritics, 137. ^^^^^H Den sit 1 .vater, rclalive, tS^^^^^M Cplfcr-dam*, 430 Depths ^^H 1 Combined reservoir and direct avitems, $35. ■ f>>inm«rcial use of water, 34. Deifinids, tu itc^n |kjiu^, 13^ ^^^^^^H INDE,\. DetAll!t of ^op-vftlves, si> CHfcfi'taal force, 17c ** r»miAlt,55,57.cg. ** '' stJindpipe sUbiitties, 597. Diameler of *ul>-mam», «io7. *' " ^: '•• ■•■"^n, 5l*-». DhneiisioRs 1 irials^j?^. Direct pressure sysum, jaj* $90. Disclurge> of pi|J«v 49^, $00. Disldbulioo pipes, , ,06, 508, Domestic draujg^ht ui »^..Lt. , ^4. y^. DtMitmec from g^lven arcAS, 67, 75- Dmunht, variations in, 41^ r>-' — '-" • .-■^— ••.'.---, hja. T' '.iiicry* sgo, I ' . rjAS. 510. U u i , -1 , t „.,..- .f. .-, ,^ , ii c s, 574, 576, 580, 583. Dweilin^^ m various cities, jz, y^. Dykes, cau&l sknd rivet. 371. Ewth mnd rfM ^ '^"^''"*='**' of, loa. *• ctnbaiiK i47f >4B, iS3t 370. *' evapor i ■■git9o. *• pre!»&u 1 1. r. » u. .» ■ . ^ watls^ 408. E«slcrn coast rain system. 50 Econumy of hli;h duty of puinpii)g>engin«9f ** '' skimurvvorkixuuuiiip. 369, Eddies, in weir channels, a^^ Effect, mechanicaU of the elSitx, aaj. Effluent chambers, 35%. pipe, adjustable, 364. *' '* ice thrust u^ian. 355* Efflux, equadoD of, 31 1. ** factors of the coefficiciit, 197* *' from pipei, coefficients of, 196^ 227. " sluices, ant, aoj, 905, ao6, J07, ♦* mechanical effect ot, mj. ** peculiarities^ of jet, xn. volume from &hort tubes, 194, aio, 314. Elasticity and cotnpressibility of water, 167. Elctiric current meters, 3*6, 3164. meter tegi^t^ yy* Elemcnury dimensions oi pipes* 504, Elements, the vapory, 45. Embankmeat, a lijifht, 353, * ' core ma icrials, 339, 341, 34B, 354* 359* ciit off walls. 33o» 338, 348. example oi, 347. failures, 334. ** tne sand ui, 353. ** toundations, 335, 1137, 33S. *" frost eoreriiiR, 350. gate chambers, 357, 358, " masonrv faced, 354. *' ttialerial%,Gf>cfs. 01 friction, 345. " *' frictional angle of, 345. * ** proportions of, 34a, 349' •* ** weighU of, 341, ** pressures in. 343, •* puddle Wf-ftll, 351, 354. ** puddled slopes, 35a, 356* 370. •; ^vetted 149, 3C4. 370. ** she«t-piliQg^ under, 339, " sitCf reconnabsance for, 347, " slope-paving, 350. 355. ♦ S OpC3, 344, 345, 350, 355, ** simces, 355. 35^. 358^ ** soils bcQcatfi, 337. EuibankiDeiit, spr-^ — '-- sul stph ,.3, te>t ,MM.Mi;> .., ^.^,.,,, jy., trcacticrous sixala under. j^L Embankmentft, canal, 370. -' ellect ot wraves 00* j ••* ladiaa. 334. reservoir, 333. EnerjTT of let, 335, tTt, England, supply per capita, 37, ^of water, 614, Equation of tnotioa. ti '* rcsista- "" Equilibrium d^tT' Equivalent heads n Errors in applicat' ** •' weir mc Estimates of 60 w European inlittraUt.'i^, .,+^. water supplies 36. Evaporation, effect u\Km stora^, ^y examples of. 90. ttom earthy tOi xw^ ' reservoir^ 9^. *' water. 88,. S^ ** phenomena, 87. *' ratios oC table, i>t. Evaporn--- "- • ^^ - , 57«» Siow Ejtamv .439, Expaij Expanr^i".^:-. wt .M, Experrmenui ciku> r '* cor I ntetcfs, ja^ 'it. J^* OQ cylli •' flow m cb 3t»* 3»4. bost^-fr n.^ Experiments with wvrs . ,,, ** by htLifWiiu 'Nauns* 6aak '* by Bailey, 140. *i H Eytclwem» »*o, aaa, ** ** Eytelwein's coeti., zi ** ** Castel. aoo, 1*7, ; *; Qouplet, »39. Darcy, 237, 140. " Dm Buat, »3a. '* *" Ellis. »i. *' ** Fannliig. 138, ** *■ Lespinaaae, «». *' Michelotti, 19a, *' " Provis, 19S. *' ** Rennie, 109, aj^, " •* Smith, 3j6l with ccmipOQikd tabes, asa ^ " current meter, 3*5*. *' *' ovlindrica! beams, 60* " " Tifices, 19S, 199, »D,»t* *' ^urt tubes, at7, 119, a»b Exposed stuid-pipea, 59B. Faced revetments, 439. FactOR of safety , *49^ 4S». 4S3* 48s. 4B6, S9I- Failures of embankmeots, 334. " walls, 4^7- Fallinff bodies 187, too. Familtt-; In various dtics, 33, FaM-me revcimeo»s, 171. Fillcr-bcdi, S47, 54' - ■ - -^ " cleani: " constfki. ., ,-,5. 551, SS4. " ioe upon, 550. ** protection ol, ^8, 555. ** temperature w, 555. " INDEX. ^^^r 037_^^H Fltter-bcds^ vegetable gfTowtb in, 555. Formula for inclination in channels, 304. ^^^^^H FUters, A twin's, 536, -" pipe coefficients, 336, 943, >6p|^^^^^| Fjire dnLiignt ol water, 3^^ 506, $o8» 510. ^^^^H '* ejttinguishment, reserve for, 44. ** '* power coQi^umcd in pumps, 56o»"^^^^H ** hydrauts, 5n.\ st6. 519, jai. saa, *' lusHcs., ellcct of waler apun« »6, ^M ** *• power to produce flow In pipes, ^H *' scr\Mce, ^93, sBJ, 584, S9»- ** " bead desirattle ior^ 493. " supplier, diamctc.s of pi|»cs for, 510, ^m u pressure in p^pcs. 447* ^H Flab scr<;cns, 365. 19], 304. ^^^1 " relative volumes and tempera- ^^M Fkn^e^s ctia-inutcrs o< ^lilvc, 463. ♦' of ca^t-iron pii:ie&, 46a. turesol water, t66, 1^7. ^H ^' '' rebalance in channels, 30, 303, ^H FlAahv and 8l««dPf atAinms. 71, *^ *' nobmeri^d ordicc, 3^09. ^^M Flexible pliM-jolnts, 4(^3, ** ^^ aurcfiarged pressure watts. 414, ^H FlottiSf double^ gmuge, 336. ^» lbkkne«'ol walls, 309, 413, 4ai» ^H majdinum vclcxity, 3^8* mid-depih, 396. *' ** trianruiar notch weir^ 394. ^^M ** ** velocity in channels, 303, 304,307, ^H Flood flow, 65, ^• *• volumes, 62. 6s. 66. 67, 75, 380. 381, *• ratios of, to rainfaHs, 6a. 3^1 3 Ml 33<H 3'Si 33^' ^H *' ** volume at fflven temperature, ^H " seMOfKI of- 68. Plow, avaiUbIc lor coosomptioo, 94. ^B ** weight of cast pipes, 460, 465. ^M ** coeffirieats of, in p^pea, ajo, 336, 24a, .467- ■ ^48, 4^15. '* gravity and motion due to, 166, 187, ^H ** compcnsatktn, 86. 190. ^H ** cqui^^mt to fnven denths of rain, 81. heights and times of laUing bodies^ ^M t86, 187, 190, ^^1 ** •' differei>t surfaces, 77. of factor of safety, 593, ^^H •* ** Sudbury bu^in, 6j<». ^' M. Cbezy. pipes, asa. ^^M " iHLUgcd volumes of, 377, M •» po^i^ 1,3 open ^tuiees, 363, 364. ^^M ** gravity the eau'ie of, 29Q. ** ^* preSMireln cylinders, 448. 593. ^^M '* ta L-bannt-K experimental, jo6, 307, 3/0^ ** *' resist-itnce of tanks, 58^, ^^M , 3^?» 1H» 3'5* 3»7i 5". 333' 3»6, 33^- *• ifi pipe*, tnctional bead, asij. 333, 250, ** *' wei^rbt of anchorage' of tanks, 569, ^H * Wei*l>ach, 357. ^H »5a, »53, 354, ass, af«. af*, ^7^ 49S. *' *^ wind a nd force on tanks, 568. ^^| 568. SaH. Formulas^ coefficients fur wctr, 384, 367, a88, ^H " m pipes, %'elrK!ity formulas, 249, 950, «sa, sSq, agi. »93, 994 ^^H ** for diameters of pipes, 351, a66, 369, ^^H »54. «59 a<j, 366, a<>7, >68, ayo, a73. ** in leasons of minimum rain» 6^ 370, 498, ^H ** for flood volumen, 66. 67, jjo. 380f ^^H ^' Increase and decrease of, 86, ** induen ;e of absorption and evaporation ** flow in conduits, 442, 443. ^^1 ti|-H»n, 68. " pij>es, »54, 257% 4^' ^H ** ** orfji^m oi; 339. ^^H ** minimum, mean and Qood, 7S< »* of streaunfi and chauncLs, 65, 399. '* '* '* through bends, 373. ^H •' " %vater, ia4. *' '* branches, 375. ^H "» over a weir, 3S0. chatineb, 303. 304. ^| 307, J08, 310, 314, ^H 8j, 3^f 335. 336, ^H ♦* pefiwlic a%ailablc, 69. 101. '* nufffng streams, 330. ^H ♦• head, pii>es, 333, ayv «6^ a68» ^H '* resmtauce to, in ctunnels, 33a, 300W ** tub-furtace equalizers of, 70, 1 ipes, s€9, 370, ^H " tbroui^h orifice^?, 194. ^s com pa fed, a54, ^^1 ** *' lyjpen, ^^ai. 495, 508, 560. flow, 330.333,934, ^^1 9jc>. 4-4, ^56, a66, 968, aTO, 47*, ^^1 ** ** short tubes. 213. ** " sluices^ pipes and Ghanneb, f 61. 37s. 5^8^ ^M *' shafts. 6)7, ^H FluctuAtioti^ r)f streams. 73, %yt, 101, yq. Flush hydrant"^, 511^, 531, ** '* ttuckness i»f pipes, table, 466, ^H Foot And Inch, equlvaient decimal p«ftBOC,457» 4R6, 487 ^H Force, lo*s of, in pipes, 214. " " thickness of cast pipes, 453, 454. ^H " ** ** wrought pi{»t s, 448, ^H ** fwrcusidve, of purtides, «». Forces, ani^ular 176. 450, 4^^^ ^H ** ci|uivalent, tjr». *♦ velo:;ttv, pif^eii, 24*. a49» ajo, ^H ** (frapbically represented . 175. Foimulii, efflux from an orifice. 196, 309, tit. 359. '<5^. »^< «^» ^70, 373, 498. ^H *' velocities in channelK 30a, 303, ^H ** M .* short pipes, 3*5. 304, 307, 308. 310, 3ta, 314, 3ao, ^H ]k35> 336, 330. ^H ** for area of sluices, 36 1. " ** capacity of air veswsl, 566, ** ^' volume. |>ipes. 950* 954-3^*498. ^H *' " coal tor ptimpinp, 58J, •* ** current meter cm'fficicnt, 336^ *' water ram, 449 ^H »♦ " atorage ralkia, 9s, 97. ^M ^' weir volumes. »«», 381, 9I4, 986, ^M .87. .'^t V. j.j8a. 379, 380. ^H 1 vvelni,393, ^H " *' cijrvcd'face waIN, 431- •* ** depth upon a weir. j86. ** '* dtitv of ijuraping-enjjine*. 576. " ** earth pressures upcm walls, 410, mar; . ys>- ^^H ^^^ *. 4", 4»Jj 4IS» i**^ ^^h!! ! enen^ ctf jets, 3j6. mks:r f. 316, ^^^1 ^' of Uiitkius^ui .sLund'piftes^ S93, f)}» ^^H ^^^K •» '* hydraulic mean depth, ajs, 303, 5W,5'^. ^H ^^^^^ ** stabUity ol mastjnry, iq<i. ,07. •• ^^H 638 INDEX. Formulas, velocities and times of fidling bod- ies, x86, 187, 190. Foundation, concrete, 386. *' embaolcment, 335. for pipes. 487. conduits, <i33. H^te-chambers, 367. " ♦' walls, 395, 406, 407. ♦• under water, 430. Foundations, angles, 396, 433. " frictions on, 390. " of stand-pipef, 586. Fountain, use of water, 34. Francis, Jas. B., experiments with weirs, 384. ** tubes. 3x7. Frankland's den..ition of polluted water, 137. Friction, coefficient of masonry, 396. " in pipes, 230, 234, 350, 495, 508, 598. " of ice on canals, 3^3. ** ** pumpini^ machmery, 578. Frictional head, formulas for, 335, 331, 350, 353, „ a53» 354. ass, 266, 368, 370, 495, 508, 538. p rost curtain. 367, ** disinte(|[ration o' mortar by, 436. ** protection of conduits from, 436. Fuel, expense for pumping, 581. ** required for pumping, 575. Fimgi, microscopic, 139. G. Galleries, infiltration, $39, 54a Gate chambers, 357, 367. " hydrants, 533. Gates, stop, canals, 371. Gauge, Darcy-Pitot tuoe, 333. ** Darcy's double lube, 333. '* double float, 336. *^ formulas, 319. " hoolc, Boyden's. 396, 397. ** maximum velocity float, 338. '* mid-depth float, 336. " Pitot tube, 330. *' rain, 63. *' rule, for weirs, 298. •' tube, 317. '* tube and scale, weirs, 398. " Woltnian's. 322. Gauges and weights of plate iron, 487, 488. Gauging, hydrometer, 316, 321. of mountain streams, 296. *' ** rain (all, 62. " " rivers. 318, 319. Gears for sluice-gates, 359. (rcneral raintall, 46. Geological science, application, 106. (»ranular stability of masonry, 403. (rruphical representation of force, 175, 403. Gravitation system, 588, 590. Gravity, 185, 187, 189, 190, 330, 299. '* centre of, 177, 39J, 402. Great rain-storms, 61, Grouped rainfall statistics, 53. Grouting, 353, 369. H. Hardening impurities, 125. Hanlness of water. 135. Head, desirable for fire-service, 493. •* eff^ective in pipe-system, 493. •• how to economize, 276. ** loss by friction, 493. ** subdivisions of, 225. *' value of, 49^. Heat, units of. utilized, 578. Heighu, falling bodies, 187, 190. ^* of waves, 388. Hir9ch*t sogmr test of water, 150. Helpful influence of water supplies, 97. Hoolc gaujge. Hoyden's, 996. '* *<^ use to detect fluctustkxis, 3x9. Horse-power of effluent Jet, ass. ♦* ** to produce flow, 361. Hose streams, 510, 59a ** use of water, 34. Hudson river basin, xoi. '' vallev rainfall in, 53. Hydrants, kxL 5x7, 519, 533. ** nigh pressures, 533. ** streams, 530, 585. Hjrdraulic, excavation, 376. ** masonry, «69. mMn de5*h, 935, 903, 44s. »» radius. 336,^5. power pumping, 589, 591. " proofof pipes, 477. Hydrometers, Casteilis* and others, 336. ** coefficients, 335, «36, ^6a. " gauging with. 316, 395, 396. Ice covering of canals, 373, 386. *' impure, in drinking water, 135. »• thrast, 358, 386. Impounders, flow to, 86. Impounding of water. 144. Impregnation of water, X4x, 153. Impunties of water, xia. »» i» .» agricultural, 134. *' ** ^^ atmomhoic, tat. ** " '* manumctnring, 134. " " mineral, 1x5, 133. ;i !! !! organic, 1x6, xa7, 130. " " " sewage, X34. " " " sub-sur&ce, 133. " ** deep wells, X35. Inch and foot, decimal (Mirts of, 457. Incidental advantages of water supplies, 99. Inclination in channels, 335, 304, 371, 373, 373. Increase in use of water, 39. Indian embankments, 334. Indicator, stop- valve, 361. Infiltration, 537. 540, 543, 544, 546. Influent chamber, 366. Infusoria, X30. Inhabitant, supply per, 40. Inspections of stand-pipe materials, 590, 601. Intercepting well, 102, 546. Interchangeable pipe-joints, Introduction of filters, 551. 469. Insurance schedule, 29. ' Investment, value of water supplies as an, 99* Iron, gauges and weights, 488. " sluice valves 360. ** work, varnishes for, 474, 476, 489. Irrigation canals. 370, 373, 373, Isolated weirs, 383. J. Jets, 211, 267. " coefficients of velocity and contraction, 196. 198. 208. '• contraction, 208. *' varying forms of, 21 x. " velocity, 208. Joints, mortar for pipes. 487. " of cast pipes, 457, 461, 463, 469. K. nutter's coefficients for channels, 305. INDEX. Lake wmten^ 14%^ Uvi- ' * - L«%^el, use of, sf^ht-pipcSt 4S»* J, 630, 631. , ii^i y..<!.jLrir V", irg.. Levermge of watt t-;ii ^irc, jigi^, reyitiia^t. i>i w^Us, 40a. '• subility oi muonry^ 397. Life of clwna, i88. Limiting prcsaurc iti masoniy, 686. LI n 1114; nf pipe^. ccmeat, i&t, Log&rithms o* rstios, isi. Loss by cvftporatiofi, 87^ **- from reservoirs. 84. '* of be;sd by iriction, 976^ 493. 56r. > M. Mams and distribution pli " power to produce flow Masotir>% »nprleii of repost, 3^, it ^„.:hv '■'"*-^ of friction, ^f)6, " ■ ■'i^ 43o« " t .. . V . . I .K ^ oi waste pipes, 357. '* examples of presiurc In, 39a, 397, 401, 406, 4i». ** faced embankment^ 354, 40^ 4jft, 4^13, 43J. *^ frictional !ttiibititv of, 402^ ** -isurcs in^403, 404, s^ ** i,^<^f ...,.•, vurve batter&, 383) 385, 387, 4^4. *' weiffht leverage of^ 398. „ ** . *f ptf 39St 3?>7» 4<H* 4»» Malefials, ciDbankmeof, 339, 341, 342^ 345, 346, MaXTmiim vck> 508. Mechanical vnt i;U water, 935. Metal platen ttsu ^,i, y^., ^.,i. Metals for stand^^pipes thicknesa, 595, 5961 597, 598, 601. *♦ pi|»e, 470, 473. " tenaciues ol wToui^htt 45i«4S4i 4^6, 491, Meters, current, 3113, 335, ita6. 3*^- Metric weiglits and meai^ures, 6n. Microscopical czatninatjoa o( metals, 471* Mineral Impurities, 115^ 530. sprious 14a, 143. Mmerf' canals, 175. MiwiplicatioQ ol lomiulae, 316. Misftssippi valley, rainfall in, 54. Molecular theories, 163, 996. Molecules, 185* Moment of earth leverage, 413. Monads, 130. Monthly and hourly vartatiocia in the dmufiht, 4i> " fluctuations in rainfall, 56. Mortar for lining and covering pipest #87. Motion, ajccetefnititn of, t8j. ** equations of, t86» '* of a pi iron, ^to* 1 ■ * ktf >87, Moutdm^' 3. MoulmeL^ ,, „ ,.. Mnni^pal cuiiumI ol wmter supplies, §8, H. Natural clarification, 149, 5jj. ** laws, uniitirm dDecta of, Ot. NecftSsUy of water supplies, 55, NocCos, 1S9. Ohio river railey, rainfall in^ 54, Open canals. 370. Ordioary How of streams. 8a, Orgmnic impurities. So, 113, is6, $31, 53a, OrnalBms, 139, i^t, 133. Ortnoe, submerged, 909. ** volume of efflux, it it. Orifices, classes oC 194. ** coefficients for circular, 196, 198, 199, ** coemcients for rectai»gutar, 198, 300, •ot, S09, aos, 906, ** convergent, 913. ** *' path toward, 194. " cylindrical and diverjcrent, 3x3, ** experiments with, 198, 199, 3oi>, aox* ** flow of water through, 194, aio^ Oriifice-iet, form «f submerged, 195- ** peculiarities, atyj, " ratios of minimum section, 195. ** variations, 904. *' velocity, 196, ao8, 309. Pacific coast rainfall, m. PalntiniF iron wort, 47*. ♦?« 489. Parabolic path of jet, 187 *^ segment, application to weir vel- um 1^ 383, Partitions and rcfjaining walls, 390W Paving, concrete, 355. ♦* embankment slope, 348, 350, 354, 355, 35«. 358- Peeollar water sheds, 71. PcDStock, cylindrical wood. 439. 441. Percentages of rainfall on river oasin, 73* 83/^, Percolation from reservoirs. 85. 94. ** ol rain, 104, loj, tti, *' under retaming walls, 406. Permanence of water supply easential| 585- Persi>ns per family, ja. i3rt. Physiological effects ot the impurities of water* 114. ♦♦ office of water« 35. Pipe, adjustable effluent, 364. ** and conduit, »aj. " branches, campositc. 464. *♦ covert niTS, 481. 4B7, 489, joi, 50a. " distribution, 493, 495, 503, 505, 506, $aSm " joints, cast. 4S7, 4*1, A^J, 400, 4«J- ** " '• hub, on wrought, 483. ** '* dimensions of, 451, 459, 4M. ** '♦ flexible, i^n, 464. " ** interchangeable, 46tj. ♦* metats, 470, 47a. '* " wrought strength of, 45*, 454, «68, 490, 491* " resistance at entrance to, 996. ** shells, wrought, thickness of, 448, 485* 486, ** systems, duplication in, 510. ** ** illustrations, 493, 510. ;* testing press, 477. *' walls, resistances of, 997, saA. Hpes and sluices, embankmenti, 355. ** casting of, 45#, ** cast^ron, 447, 451, 459, '* *' thickness oC 453, 454, 455, 466^ *' ** welght<i of, 465, 46B, 469. " cement joints, 4^3, " •* lined, 47'i, 48 14 *' coefficienU of friction, 93^ 949^ »4*» 495* i9w3 INDEX Ptpes, I, concrete foundAUons for. 487. contcQts of, 504* ** direct pressure systems, 5^5. ** depths ot, 50T. sw> ** diAtnelers for ^ 5ro. •* etementary dii , 504, ** exf«n3.ions ci(, 45-, " flanges, table or4^- " lormuiaA for ttilckocBS ofosl, 4,53, 466. ** " ** velocity, head, volume and diameter, atsj, a66, a68. 270, 408. *' formulas for weights of caat^ 4/6s* "* tricima ia, aas, 495. 50^. " hydraulic, proof 01, 477» " lead in joints, 468. ** mains and diHtrlbatlOii, 446. " molding of cait-troot 4^1, •* plan ol a system, 505. '* pmcrvadou ot surtaceH, 473, 480* 489% 491. *' proof tests. 476. *** relative capacities of, 4^, yxt^ ** service, 527. 528. *' fdiort, tifj, *» square roots of fiftti powers of dtain- eters, 499, 500, •♦ fttatic pressure in, ^6. •* sub-coef6dent8 ot flow (^t 271. " temperatures of water in* 5<w. ** thickness uf caist, 45,3^ 4551, 456. ** " wrought, 447, 4so» 4B6, 4*8. *' tubcrcuUled, 147. ^8* ** ro^itirtcs of flow from, 333, ai^, 495. ** water rara in, 448, 449. ** wood, 401, " wrouybt-iron, 479, " " pUics tor, 490V Flp{fif( and water supplied * 38, "* ratio to population, 35. Pfaton motioQ, 56a. " purop, 5S7, 558- Pitot tube guuKC jao. Plant and insect a^^encies »47- *' growth in reservoirs, 145. Plates for wrouRht pipcis, 490. Plunder jmmp, 557, 563, Pluviometer, 63. Polluted vkatcr, definition of, 137* Poiiudicig liquid^ inadmissible, r54« PollutioQ question, V56. '" of water, artihcial. ts^i. Population, and relution of supply per caf^la, 40- *' of various cities, 3*1 33*. 33^. Portland ceraent for jolni mortar, 487. Porosity of earths and rocks* loav Post hydrants, 517. Power consumed by variable flow in a main, 560. ** consumed Iti pumps, j6o, s*t. " required to open a valve, 361, 364. Practical constiuetion of water-works, 333, Precautions for triangular weJrs, 395. PrecipHatinn, influence of elevation upon, 50. Preservation of pipe surftictiii, 473, 4S0, 4F9, 44t. Press for test In $^ pipes. 477. Pressure, a line a meiusure of, $74, ** conduits under, 4^5. 41Q, 440. into inecnanical effect. conversion 930- conver^mn dlrt.r In •*« Icvii of earrn -ip.n'.r- 415, 06. of water, t6B, 173,446. r velocity Into, »»7. xinurro etfiect, 176. i. 307. \iK 40S. 4io» 413, itCS,tT^ Pr^ssune of water !n i ronduit 417 prfH- " rcsu ** suir trair ** up- - 171* •; U.p<.n .. <. . ..J, " wcigln a mtatsurc u\ 173, Pressures, artificlaJ. 171. *' at given depths, tablet *7** *^ atmospfacriL, sSs^ " centres of, 177. ** ix)nvirrtiblc into motloti, iS^ *' eKMmplci in waits, 403, 404. *'* from inclined columns of water* 17.;*. •* grci ** nor; \Ri ** nun ■ 'Hry, ^oj, 404* *' ata: ,4f\ 44'i' •* loi.i. -6. ** upon iii> - ** ** CUIV ,Afj. ** Upward 1. ; imi iBi. Prism of weir volumes, 382, Processes tor preset ving Iron* 474, 476, 484* Profile acro*^ the United 8tiUes, 48. •* ol retain I nt^ walls, 407, Properties of water^ 113. ^* emUaniinicnt materials, 343. Proportions of * '* 349. Protection of filter haH, ^^fl, ^55, " '* water 1 ' '^i nets, 431, Protective value of 386. Pronv*^ analysl** rrl < , ^jj. il effects, 177- in)teLa» Pump, h 7, 567, 603, " plunger. 557* 563* ** rot^y, 558. ^^ valves, 558, 5^3» 566. S^. S^ $7^ S7»* " Pumping ot water, 557, •^ '* diiiflram ^^f. 47. '* engines, 5v 77. *• ** " iKtt n dance, 57 s, SkS*. ** * duties, 574, 579. 580, 5*1. s€> fuel eipenses ^t, 58», principal liivisions, 577. special tri ' ' special trial duties jjlob value? compared, 583. ** Eoacbinen " " cs, 586. '* '• »!>3. " " Manchester, -.3, l-.^ ** syMem. 6&t, 608, *' water, cost of, 1*4, 575, Pumpi, p^'wer romumed in, 560^ 561, *• t- ''. '-, " through, 559. PurUyoi . I requisUcs for, 144. (feservailon of, 148, PuriEoOioo of water, natnnd, 1341 i57» «**• Quality of water, sugar test of, 159* lUdil, ine*n of oond tilts, 441, «|a. IKDES. 641 1 Balnfall mUinz Hrer ocntrses. 51. and equivalent How, 8a. diagram!! ol, 55, 57^ 5^ gauf^nff, 6a, *' generaT. j6. ill tbe United Scatea, s> •• lnflucr>ces aflectini^t <6t>. *• V.V 77.78, •' 1 !uatioDS in, 5&, *' (•[ ic Bastat 7a, 73. " " I rjLuu Basin, 83a, ** ratio of fl«x>ds to, 6». " rtitios, 7J, IOCS io«. *" ^cculiir fluciuations in, 60. ** setrtians of maximum. 47. " statistics, revievb' of, 46. 72^ 834. ** TOtumes of Kiven, 6a, 83J, fUinlalls. fl4)w from giTcn, per acre uid {MT mile, 89. Raln-gaug:e, 63. Rakis^ river bn^in, 50, r», kiiin^ water 111 |M]i«r'<^ 449. RjiL^oCfir S06. Rating ot ' r?t, 395, 396, 3984. Ratios of ' ^i 91. ♦' " lu'.M! Lilly ti>nsuniption^ 43. *• '* *• flow in streams, 76, loi, " •• qualification of deduced, 99. ** " ralofali Bow, cit:.. table, 73^ loo^ tot, ** *• standard paJion*, taa '^ ♦' Aurface to mean velocities In chan- ncls, 3*5. variable delivery of water^ 564, water storage, *>■;. <.}j. :tk>n and gravity . -f, ^^30, nnaiaeafice for c u t e, 346, _ *' oi it\s 7S. rSflctaogular and timi^H^zuiJal \\\dK momenta 0^ 399- Rectaniifuliir welr^, »77, ' RciJd' - ■ .7»- Rea current meter, 335<f. Rcl.< j>ly per capita 10 hHal [lobula- tion. 40. Relative valuer *if 4, A; A", 353. ** discharging oipACitiea of [Hpea, 498, ** rates of domeitic and fire draugbta, 50S. ulsiaHf molecular, 296. crvc lor fire service^ 44. trvulr, cuvcrirujs, 556. " distributinjf, 134, 353, 354, 356, 35S. »* embajikmenta, 333,335,341, 345, 348, 353* ^* Morale, surreys for. 3^7. ** tytnata conditions in, i^d, •♦ systiem, 508. " revetments, 354, ReterYoira, fa^ure of. 334, r ** Indian, 334. I" storage, 84, 87, 93, 95, 9^, tat, 347. ** subterranean, T05. waves upon, 3B8. "r toafftt, I Re^stance of tli« air to a j«t, 190. '* at entrance lo a pipe, 366, ** of masonry levetmenls, 417, i *" to flow, measure r)f, 730, »3i, Re^stances to flow witbin a pipe, ^7, s»9, 330^ a33, ^48. J54j.«56» »66 273, 403. RcBtstaoces Co flow in cbannel«, 300, 304, 3P7, 3to» )ta. Resultant effect of rain and evaporation. 93. Retaining walls, 390, sos, 397» 399. 4«*» 4i7» 4»o, " " effect of irafnc on. 495. '^ ** for earth, table. 420, * fiont batters, 434. ** percoLatioD under, 406. Retaining walls, sections of, 354, 4^, ♦' ** !h%4a4. Resultants in ■^t < 7, ** of J 400,411, 41^ 4»> Rcreucd. „ ** i- M9i 354» 370t 4»9» Revctmcit'. i>l concrete, f 39. ** tiiial resultants, 418, *' resistance of, iir. ** trapezoidal, ume of, 4«v Riparian rights, 85, 86. Rip-rap, slo[>e^ 371. River basin rams, 50. " basins of Maine, 84, *" courses, rainlall along, 5T. •* pollutiQil committee, 154, '* waters, 151, Rivers and canals, table of flows, 307, Rivets, joints, ei^i, 593. ** table of, 593, Riveting, 3QI, v^. Roof for biter beds and resenroiis, S49, 5S5> Rotary pump, 5^. Rabble, grouted, 353. •* mason r>% ao. ** priming walls, 35a. S, Safetv, factors of, 449, 451, 451* 48S« 4^ 9«li „ S-Hf 395? 59f » 600. Sand in embankments, 3^3, Sanitary discu&sions, 15,3. ** impruvements. 36, ** omce of watcr^ »6. ** views, precautionary, 154. Schussler^s process of coating pipes, 48^ Screens, 650, 365. Seasons of floook, 66, Sections of majiimum rainfitU. 47. Secular fluctuations In rainfall, 6q, Sedi mentis 5^. Sl^* Scrvir.; r'fr"^'^T frictions in, table, saSL Ser St'tti Sevv lind low, 514. so. ties, 134. dilul dilution of, 133, tss- Shells of conduits, 434. Sheet- iron, gauges and weights, 488. Sheet piles, 371. *' under cmbaakmeat, 339* Short tubes 315. a 1 6. Showers, source of. 45. Sines ttf ^oi>es table, 359. Sipbon, 1 8a. 184, Site fi>r embankment, reconnois^ance for, 34& Skillful workmanship required, 369. Sleeves, pipe, 479, 48^- Slope, earth u ork. 344. 345. ** of channels, 3o», 307, 306, 310, 399. ** paving, 348, 354» 355. 35&1 358, " puddled, 35». ** ** embankment, 356, Slopes, velocities for giveOf «s8. Sluice areas. 360, ** apertures, coelScients for, aot, aoa, ao3, 305, 906. *' gate areas, 35^, '* temporary slbf»-gate, 359* *' tunneled, embanlnrkent, 356, 358. ** valves, Iron, 160, 364. Sluices, flow through, aoos «oi, aoj, 305, *'^ '• high and low, 204. varying head on, so4« Smith's (A . F.) adjust)! ble pit»e, 364- Soils heneaih erabookinent;*, 337. " evaporation from, 110. Solutions, org;inic, 533. ** in water, iia* 642 INDEX. Sprtngs and welLs loa. ** " ** supplying capacity of, jio. ** mineral, 141. ** under embankments, 337. •* ** waters, 141. Suble use of water, 34. Stand-pipe foundations, 586. *' materials, 500, 594, 595, 596, 597, 6ox. Stand-pipes, 526, 564, 585, 60a, 638. ** exposed, ix., 585, 598, 599, 628. ** moments of resistance, 588, 589. ** overturning tendency, 588. " pressures in, 593. " " on, 599. *' stabilities, 589, 597. ** Tank, ix., 585, ftaJB. *^ wind strains on, 587. Static pressures in pipes, 446. Stones, building, strengths of, 404. Stop-gates in conduits, 374, 436. Stop-valve, CoflSn's, 493. ** curbs, 515. '* EddyVsii. *' Flower's, 493. ** Ludlow's, 514. ** sjrstero, 511. Stop-valves. 360, 374, 436, 491, 5", 5«3» 5M- Storage, additional, required. 98. '' basins, percolation from, 85. ** *' substratas of, 85. " losses of water, 84. '* of water, 84. '* *' " effect of evaporation on, 93. " '* *' influence upon continuous supply, 99. " ** " required, 95. *' reservoir, 84, 87, 03, 95, 97, loi, 338. ** '• embanlcment, 553. *' ** substrata, 85. **■ ** supply to, and draught from, Uble, 96. Storms, great rain, 61. Strata, conditions, 146. Strains on stand-pipes. 590, 593, 599. Streams, annual flow of, 77, " available annual flow, 04. *' estimate- ol flow, 65, 78. flashy and steaily, 71. pauRing, 296. 316. 3io, 322, 326. " mean monthly flow of. 70. " minimum, mean, and flood flow, 75. '• ordinary flow of, So. " ratio of monthly flow, 76. Strength of cylindrical cantilevers, 599, 600. *' " hollow cylindrical beajns, 600. Strengths of building stones, 404. " " cylinders, 448. 593. '' " metals, 451, 454. " '• riveted joints, 591. '♦ *' wrought pi|)e metals, 451, 486, 491. Sub-heads compared, 253. Sub-mains, diameters of, 507. Submerged orifices, 209. Subterranean reservoirs, 105. '* waters. 102. *• watershed. 109. *♦ waters, tem{>eratures of. 126. '* •' uncertainties ot search for, ic/'. Substrata of a storage basin. 85. Sudbury river rainfall and flow, 83a. Supply main, diameter of, 50^), '• to and draught from a reservoir, table, 9^ 97 Supplying capacity of watersheds, 94. Surcharged pressure, earth, 414, 416, 423. Surfaces, pressure of water upon, 391, 393. Surveys for storage reservur, 347. Sources of water supplies, 587. Symbols, definitions of, 235. Systems, combined reservoir and direct, 535. •* of water supply, 603, 604. '* ** ** distribution, 493, 505. '* *' rainfall, 47, 49» 50, T. (See List of Tables, page xix.) Tank materials. 590. " stand-pipes, ix.. 585. *' '* Uck of stability of, 587, ^ 598^ 600. Temperatures, artesian well, 127. '* of deep su b-surfaoe waters, n6. *' *' filter beds, 555. " *' water in |upes, soa. Templets, for flange bolt-holes, 460. Tenacities of wrought-pipe metals, 431, 426, 491. Tests of metal plates, 590, 591. ** »• pine metals 47a, 590, 591. Testing of nydrometers, 335, ^. Theory of flow over a weir, 278, aSo. Thicknesses of a curved-face wall, 422. ** dams, table, ^87. *' *• pipes, formulas, 448, 430, 46^. 485. 486, 487. ** stond-pipc sheets, 595, 596, 597, 60T. " ** walls for water-oressure, 399. " " wrought-pipe soells, 447, 486, 488, 495i 597* 60X. Thompson s molecular estimate, x6a. Thrusts of a conduit arch, 437. Timber weirs, 384. Transit, use in gauging, 313, 318, 319. Transmission of pressures, 183. Traffic, effect upon retaining walls, 425. Trapezoidal revetments, table, 420. Treacherous strata beneath embankments, 338. Trial shafts, at embankment sites, 336. Trigonometrical equivalents, 618. Tube gauge, 317. 321. Tubes, coeflacients of flow, 217, 2x9, 220. *' compound. 220. " exi>eriments with short, 217, 219, 220. '• short, 213. 215, 218, 220. Tubercles, in pipes, 247, 248. Turbine water-wheels, 559, 585. 593, 597. Turned pipe-joints, 458. Type curves of rainfall, 55, 57, 59. U. Uniform effect of natural laws, 61. Union of high and low services, 524. Units of heat utilize*!. 578. Use of water increasing. 39. V. Vacuum, ajutage, 214. " imperfect, short tubes, ais. " rise of water into, 182, *• tendency to in compound tubes, 221. under a weir crest, 292. Values of r , 271. '• "A and A', table, 264. *• pumping enj»ines compared, 583. " " water supplies as investments, 29. Valves, air, 523. '• blow-off, 513. " Cornish, 569, 570. " check, 525. curbs. 515. " disk, 571. double beat, 5f<9. 570. " flap, 508. INDEX. (VKt Valres, iron sluice, 360. 364. " pis on, 569. '* power Fequired to open. ^i. ^fE^. •' pump, 55ti. 56 3, 5^ ^S. ^ 57A. 571. *• btop, t64, 493, 51 1, 513, 514. ** '^ Indiratiir. 361. *• ** system, 511. ** ^-aste. 513. Vanne conduit. 436. Vapory elements, the, 45. Variable flow through pumps. 559. Varnishes fur iron, 474. ^76. 4S9I V^^etal erowth in filter beds, 555. Veceuble organic impurities, laS. Velocity, conversion mto pressure, aaj. ** equation, modificatioc of. 370. " formula .'or, 240, 250. *' Ibrmulas foi pipes, 340. 350, 252, 354, aS9» a63, 266. 267, 2e«, 270. 273. Velocities in canals and channels, 303. 307, 308. ,r , 3'?t3". 3M; ?«8, 720. 325. 726. 330. 371, 373. \ elocities for riven sloiies, table. 259. of falling bo<lies, table. 190. '* flow m pipes, 2^6, 243. 249. 254. " " given films in channels. 311. " ratios of stirfacc* to mean, 315. ** relative, due to different depths in channels, 338. ** surface in channels, 313. " theoretical tabic, 190. Vermin in canal banks, 371. Vertical shifting of water. 365, \[ir^inia City, wrought-iron pi[)e, 489. \Vnds of earths and rocks, 103. Volume delivered by pipes, table, 495. ol efflux from an orifice. 194. 209. ** •* " formula for, 196. " hydrant streams. 585. ** flood inversely as the area of the basin, 65. Volumes, formulas, for flood, 6^ *' flood, from watersheds, 381. " relative, due to diff^erent depths in channeU. 328. of given rainfalls, 62. •• for given depth u|)on weirs, 390. *' from waste weirs, table, 380. W. Walls, back batters of, 432. ** chamber. 369. ** counterfurtra, 437. " curved face, table. 422. ** earth pressure against, 408, 4x0, 412, 413, 4»5. 416. •' elem .nts of failure, 437. *• end supports ot. 439. •* front batters of, 434. ** formula of thickness for water pressure. 399- •* foundations of, 395, 406, 407. ** leverage resistance of, 40a. *' limiting pressures in, 404. ** of con.-rete, 439, 430. ** i)rofiles of, 407. retaining, 39a 393, 397, 390, 40^, 417, 43',. 4as f26. ** to retain water, table, ^n. " ** sustain traffic. 435. ** top breadths. 434. " wharf. 436. Waste i»ipe«i, embankment. 357, " sluice, •• 33^. •• valves, 511. •* weir aprons, 383. " ballast, if/. ** ** cans. 187 " *• fOfmt£ta, 37r^ Wa«e me:r Toli;me<, tabk'. ,;SkV - weirs, 37-. 5? \ ^dtv 3*"*. i.:wthaT>:e* over, 3**. - c^Abci o: ;oc ihi. ;^^ •* forms Ol. 3^ a. Jeng- h< lor cucr. \\«tcntlM^3^i, iL.cVncj«^ u(^. >-7, Water, analyses of |>iUaMc, ti-. characteTistiosiH. 113. 15^ in, choice of, 605, •* darificaticn of. 530. commercial use i4, 34. ix>mprcs>ibility andelastHily t< ir-. •• consumption of, 34. 5n\^ crA-^talllne forms of. it;, dmnestic use, 34. ** engine, ji^o. evaixiration from, ^, ^ ** ex|ansion of, 1C4, itc. flow of. 184. 104' ** force of tailing, 38^. •* hose, use «»f. 34. j ** imprririiaiions. ita, 141. ** tmpuruies. ii3, 141. *• molecular actions, 168. I '». physit UvU al oftii-e of, j,;. " '» cirtTtoltholmpuriUcftol, 114. Water pipes, orKnnisms in. 139. 133. '' plant an»l insect aRciuTcs in, 147. ** pressure leverage ol. 307. *' '* upon surlMces, l^8, 176, 391, ** pumpm^: «•', 1.S7. *• mrity of rleur. s^o. " ratios »>t vniml»U- tlow. ^f»4. '* relative voluuiesuiul leiii|>eratures, i6fi. " river, 151. *' Hanit.try oflicc of. ,<». '* solvent poweis of, 113. " spring, 141. *' storage ol, H4. *' subterntneiin, i.>3. *' sugar le*<t f (|mili(v. ».vj. '• supplieil, u. IS. \f\ .17. ,»«, 4'^- ** Mup|)lit>H, ({atlierinK hihi drlivrry, 58^1. *' Nuj)|)lies, iiHideiilHl advantages of^'V* *' ** nc'<'CM».ltli'« of, vs. ** supply, Kruvitv, <</■. " *' |>erMiMnrncc ol, u.j. *' " svHii'in* ol, fi(H. ** the roin|KislMoi) of, n*. vertiial diaiitfcH in, \f'^» ** volumes and welehtt. ifthli*, ni, fri4, '* wiiH'e. 14. ** wcttflit ol ( on«)lltiirrtm. I'-i. '' " |>rr«iHNrf und nioilnn nf, ir>t " wril, r vt *' wIiitIs. -Vi. ',/'i. '• work*i, MmnlfiMtloM mI, hi " titxu in iMpro, n'; •■ «h»''ls. 71. ffiri. " •• rioM«| v'lliMMf , ' • « ^ ' " • ., 'f", '.'■■■, :''•' H'.W fio.n. .,'.. Sfl|rf>lvlM(« » »\'»' ll\ "f 'll •* ■' W.I t' .V« If . ri-'|lll(l)l, t"l WV'ighl-. <irid m« UMifi h, mh Mi- , '-ii I ViVi' 'A\>f'ti\. //'/ " I yt\fi^ I'f- '»llli<:, :■ ' . !'•/ '■ tr^ Uf ,i nf-.. ■*•'•, ' '■ I • I' '■ t rf-J ., */■:. •*'/», -I I l^nnvittV It. ' ..:.,i.,U, :/, W*•tr^ /f« :» //ififfii' H'.ri", '.iffi' II I'ffi • >•! fhv li»rt''- .,>t m.r. . ■■, .1. ,. ... 644 INDEX. Wei Weil rs, expeiiments wilh large, 384. forms of, 277, 386, 387. fonnula lor wide-crested. 203. " '* depth upon, a86, 287. formulas, 282, 283, 284, 286. gratiui{s m Iront ot, 292. Djok-gttuge for, 297. initial velocity ot approach to, 285, 299. is'jiitieJ waste, 383. m'jasurin<(, 277, 295. rule Rauge for, 29^. stability of, 279, 386, 387. tall-water of, 292. thickness of waste, 386, 387. triangular notch, 394, 295. tube and scale-gauge for, 398. timber, 384. varying lengths, 279. volumes, formulas for, 282, 283, 284, 286, 287, 253. waste, 337, 383, 386, 387. wide-cresc?d, 293. ight, a line a measure of, 173. '* a mABSiir^ rtf f%r»uatir«» t a measure of pressure, 173. ' • " able, and volume of water, tal leverage of masonry, 398. of pond-water, 167. Weights of cast pipes, 465, 468, 469. 166 W^elghts of embankment materials, 341, 34a, " " molecules, 168. Well, intercepting, 546. *' water, 139. ** waters, analyses of, 121. Wells and springs, 102, no. ** condition ot overflowing, 107. ** fouling of old, 140. ** influence upon each other, 107. ** impurities of deep, 125. '* location lor, 139. ** water-sheds ot, xc8. Western rain system, 47. Wharf, cap-log, 426. ** fender and belay piles, 427. *' walls, 426. Wind leverage on Unks^ 588, 589, 598, 599. ^' strains on stand-pipes, 587. Winds, destructive actions. 586, 587. resultant on curved surface, 587. Wood pipes, 491. Woltmann's tachometer, 322. Workmanship, skilKul, 369. Wrought-iron pipes. 479. ;• pipe joint, cast, 483 . ^ *' ^' plates, gauges and weights, 488. Wyckoff''s wood-pipe, 491. 