None
The genus Megathymus is referred by some writers to the Castntide, a genus of day-flying moths, which seem to connect the moths with the butterflies; but the consideration of the ana- tomical structure of this insect makes such a reference impos- : sible. The genus properly represents a subfamily of the Hesperiidae, which might be named the Megathymine. The Species represented in our cuts mar is Megathymus yucce, Boisdu- Fic. 183.—Chrysalis of Megathymus val and Leconte. There are a aot number of other species of Megathymus that are found in our Southern States, principally in Texas and Arizona. They are interesting insects, the life-history of which is, however, in many cases obscure, as yet. 368 Conclusion WE here bring to a conclusion our survey of the butterflies of North America. There are, in addition to the species that have been described and figured in the plates, about one hundred and twenty-five other species, principally Hesperttd@, which have not been mentioned. The field of exploration has not by any . means been exhausted, and there is no doubt that in the lapse of time a number of other species will be discovered to inhabit our faunal limits. The writer of these pages would deem it a great privilege to aid those who are interested in the subject in naming and iden- tifying any material which they may not be able to name and - identify by the help of this book. In laying down his pen, at the end of what has been to him a pleasurable task, he again re- news the hope that what he has written may tend to stimulate a deeper and more intelligent interest in the wonders of creative wisdom, and takes occasion to remind the reader that it is true, as was said by Fabricius, that nature is most to be admired in those works which are least—‘‘Natura maxime miranda in minimis.” 369 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION Tue first edition of this book having been nearly exhausted in less than a month after publication, the author has not yet had opportunity to avail himself of the criticisms of scientific friends who are presumably looking for sins of omission and commis- sion, of which it is sincerely hoped they will acquaint him when discovered. Thus far all criticisms have been of an approbatory character, and have only expressed pleasure. The writer is indebted to Mr. Harrison G. Dyar, the Honorary Curator of the Department of Entomology in the United States National Museum, for reminding him of the fact, which he had carelessly overlooked, that the larva and chrysalis of Eumcaus atala (see p. 237) have been fully described by Scudder, ‘‘ Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History,’’ vol. ii., p. 413, and by Schwartz, ‘‘Insect Life,” vol. i., p. 39. The caterpillar is found abundantly upon the ‘‘coontie” (Zamia integrifolia, Willdenow), and the insect, according to Schwartz, fairly swarms in the pine- woods between the shores of Biscayne Bay and the Everglades. 37° INDEX aaroni, Phycanassa, 363 Abbot, John, 70 abbotti, Papilio, 307 abdomen, 7, 17 aberrations, acadica, Thecla, 242; Pieris, 280 acastus, Melitezea, 143 accius, Lerema, 366 Achalarus, genus, 325 ; cellus, 326; lycidas, 2 gg Thecla, 240, 246 acmon, Lyczena, 266 Acrezea, genus, 162 Acreinz, subfamily, 162 Actinomeris, 157 Adelpha, genus, 187; californica, 187 adenostomatis, Thecla, 245 adiante, Argynnis, 123 Admiral, The Red, 170 Admirals, The White, 182; Hulst’s, 185; Lorquin’s, 185 zemilia, Thorybes, 325 genus, Amblyscirtes, 341 zetna, Thymelicus, 351 affinis, Thecla, 249 afranius, Thanaos, 334 agarithe, Catopsilia, 287 Ageronia, genus, 193; feronia, 194; fornax, 194 Agraulis, genus, 96 Agrion, genus of dragon-flies, 86 ajax, hy ‘Sos 307 alberta, Brenthis, 135 albinism, 24 albinos, 64 alcestis, Argynnis, 107; Thecla, 241 alexandra, Colias, 292 aliaska, Papilio, 312 alicia, Chlorippe, 190 alma, Melitzea, 147 alope, Satyrus, 215 ) ne en Pholisora, 331 Alpines, The, 208; Alaskan, 209; Colo- rado, 209; Common, 210; Red-streaked, Aires: 170 Amarantacez, 330 Amarantus, 335 Amblyscirtes, genus, 339 ; zenus, 341; samo- set, 340; simius, 341; textor, 341; vialis, 340 American Entomological Society, 73 ammon, Lyczena, 270 Amorpha californica, 289 ampelos, Coenonympha, 207 amymone, Cystineura, 177 amyntula, Lyczena, 268 anal angle of wing, 19 Anartia, genus, 174; jatrophee, 174 Anatomy of Butterflies, 14-25 Ancyloxypha, genus, 344; numitor, 345 - andria, Pyrrhanza, 9, 192 androconia, 18, 19 Angle-wings, The, 163; Colorado, 165; Graceful, 166 anicia, Melitzea, 140 Animal Kingdom, The Place of Butterflies in the, 58 annetta, Lyczena, 266 Anosia, genus, 81; berenice, 82, 84; plex- ippus, 4, 6, 7, II, I2, 14, 15, 63, 82, 171; strigosa, 84 antennze of caterpillar, 6; of butterfly, 14, 16, 23, 61 Antennaria, 170 Anthocharis, genus, 282 Anthrenus, a museum pest, 53 antiacis, Lyczena, 261 antiopa, Vanessa, 5, 7, 94, 169 Antirrhinum, 173 antonia, Chlorippe, 189 aortal chamber, 23 aphrodite, Argynnis, 107 apparatus, collecting, 26; for breeding butterflies, 34 ; for mounting butterflies, 39; for inflating caterpillars, 45 ; for pre- serving specimens, 48; pins, 56; forceps, 6 5 Aquilegia canadensis, 334 aquilo, Lyczena, 263 Arabis, 284 arachne, Melitzea, 148 Arachnida, 59 arctic butterflies, 171 Arctics, The, 218; Bruce's, 223; Greater, 220; Labrador, 223; Macoun’s, 221; Mead’s, 222; Uhler’s, 222 Argynnis, genus, 96, 99, IOI, 161, 172; adiante, 123; alcestis, 107; aphrodite, 18, 107; artonis, 123; atlantis, 108; atossa, 122; behrensi, 115; bischoffi, 124; brem- neri, 113; callippe, 118; carpenteri, 106; chitone, 116; cipris, 107; clio, 124; co- lumbia, 111; cornelia, 110; coronis, 117; 37 Index cybele, 106; diana, 103; edwardsi, 119; egleis, 126; electa, III; eurynome, 125; halcyone, 116; hesperis, 112; hippolyta, 112; idalia, 103; inornata, 122; lais, 109; laura, 120; leto, 105; liliana, 119 ; maca- ria, 121; meadi, 119; monticola, 114; montivaga, 126; nausicad, 108; neva- densis, 118; nitocris, 105; nokomis, 104; opis, 124; oweni, 109; platina, 117 ; pur- purescens, 114; rhodope, 115 ; rupestris, I20; semiramis, 121; snyderi, 118; ze- rene, II ariadne, Colias, 29 ariane, Satyrus, 216 Aristolochia, 315, 316 army-worm, 257 Arnold, Sir Edwin, quotations from, 214, 258 arota, Chrysophanus, 252 arrangement, of specimens, 52; of species, 62 arsace, Thecla, 248 arthemis, Basilarchia, 184 be siete definition of, 59; subdivisions ol, 59 artonis, Argynnis, 123 Asama-yama, volcano, 150 Asclepias, 81 Asimina triloba, 308 astarte, Brenthis, 135 aster, Lyczena, 266 asterias, Papilio, 314 Astragalus, 240 astyanax, Basilarchia, 184 atala, Eumzeus, 237, 370 atalanta, Pyrameis, 170 Atalopedes, genus, 352; huron, 352 atlantis, Argynnis, 108 atossa, Argynnis, 122 Atrytone, genus, 363; delaware, 365; me- lane, 365; pocahontas, 364; taxiles, 365; vitellius, 364; zabulon, 364 attalus, Erynnis, 349 augusta, Melitzea, 141 augustus, Thecla, 247 ausonides, Euchloé, 283 australis, Calephelis, 233 autolycus, Thecla, 241 Azalea occidentalis, 166 bachmanni, Libythea, 227 bairdi, Papilio, 313 baits for butterflies, 32 Banded Reds, The, 175 Baptisia, 333 Barbauld, Mrs., quotation from, 76 barnesi, Phyciodes, 155 baroni, Melitzea, 141; Satyrus, 216 base of wing, 19 Basilarchia, genus, 182; arthemis, 184; astyanax, 183; disippus, 3, 8, 84, 185; eros, 186; floridensis, 186; hulsti, 84, 185; lorquini, 185; proserpina, 184; pseudodorippus, 185; weidemeyeri, 185 Bates, H. Edwards, ae Butterflies, Widely Distributed, 171 Butterfly, Baird's, Ai3 i Bruce's, 313; Chryxus, 221; Holland’s, 314; Iduna, 220; Varuna, 222; White Mountain, 222 Butts, Mary, bth ig from, 251 byssus, Limochores, 358 cabinets, 50 czenius, Calephelis, 232 czesonia, Meganostoma, 289 ceespitalis, Hesperia, 328 calais, @neis, 221 calanus, Thecla, 243 Calephelis, genus, 232; australis, 233; bo- realis, 232; czenius, 232; nemesis, 233 Calicoes, The, 193; Orange-skirted, 194; White-skirted, 194 california, Coenonympha, 205 californica, Adelpha, 187; Mechanitis, 87 ; Vanessa, 168 callias, Erebia, 209 Callicore, genus, 178; clymena, 178 callippe, Argynnis, 118 Callosune, genus, 162 Calpodes, genus, 355; ethlius, 356 calverleyi, Papilio, 314 Camberwell Beauty, The, 169 camillus, Phyciodes, 155 canthus, Satyrodes, 200 Cardamine, 284 cardui, Pyrameis, 170, 171 Carduus, 170 carinenta, Libythea, 227 Carnegie Museum, The, 49, 50, 338 carolina, Lerema, 367 carpenteri, Argynnis, 106 Carryl, Charles Edward, quotation from, 208 caryze, Pyrameis, 170 Cassia, 286 Castniidz, family, 368 Caterpillar and the Ant, The, 316 caterpillars, structure, form, color, etc., 5- Ir; social habits, 8; nests, 8; wood- boring, 8; moulting, 9; manner of de- fense, 9; protected by color, 8; duration of life of, 10; preservation of, 44-48; carnivorous, 9. See Feniseca Catopsilia, genus, 285; agarithe, eubule, 286; philea, 286 catullus, Pholisora, 330 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus, 168 cecrops, Thecla, 246 cellus, Achalarus, 326 celtis, Chlorippe, 189 Celtis, genus of plants, 188 centaureze, Hesperia, 327 Cerasus (Wild Cherry), 310 Ceratinia, genus, 88; lycaste, 88; var. negreta, 88 cethura, Euchloé, 284 chalcedon, Melitzea, 139 chalcis, Thecla, 244 chara, Melitzea, 146 287; Index chariclea, Brenthis, 132 charitonius, Heliconius, 92 charon, Satyrus, 217 Chenopodium album, 330 Chicken-thief, a supposed, 33 Chionobas, genus, 218 chiron, Timetes, 180 chitone, Argynnis, 116 Chlorippe, genus, 188; alicia, 190; antonia, 189 ; celtis, 189; clyton, 190; flora, 191; leilia, 190; montis, 190 chrysalis, form of, 11; color, 12; duration of life of, 13; preservation of, 43 chrysippus, Danais, 182 chrysomelas, Colias, 291 i eager genus, 251; arota, 252; editha, 253; epixanthe, 254; gorgon, 253; helloides, 254; hypophleeas, 254; mariposa, 254; rubidus, 255; sirius, 255; snowi, 255; thoé, 253; virginiensis, 252; xanthoides, 253 cipris, Argynnis, 107 citima, Thecla, 239 Citrus, 311 clara, Lyczena, 259 Clark, Willis G., quotation from, 250 Classification of Butterflies, 58 claudia, Euptoieta, 99 cleis, Lemonias, 232 Clerck, Charles, 69; ‘‘ Icones,’”’ 69 clio, Argynnis, 124 Clitoria, 322 clitus, Thanaos, 336 clodius, Parnassius, 305 club-men, 176 clymena, Callicore, 178 clypeus, 14, 15 clytie, Thecla, 247 clyton, Chlorippe, 190 Cnicus, 170 Codling-moth, 257 coenia, Junonia, 173 Coenonympha, genus, 205; ampelos, 207; california, 205; elko, 206; eryngii, 250; galactinus, 205; haydeni, 207; inornata, 206; kodiak, 207; ochracea, 206; pam- philoides, 207; pamphilus, 207; typhon, 206 Colzenis, genus, 94; delila, 95; julia, 95 Cold, In the Face of the, 224; effects of, on butterflies, 225 Coleridge, S. T., quotation from, 306 Colias, genus, 161, 163, 289; alexandra, 292; ariadne, 291 ; behri, 294; chrysome- las, 291; elis, 290; eriphyle, 291; eury- theme, 290; interior, 292; keewaydin, 291; meadi, 290; nastes, 293; pelidne, 293; philodice, 17, 291; scudderi, 293 collecting apparatus, 26-34 collecting-jars, 28-30 Collections and Collectors, 337 colon, Meliteea, 140 colon, The, 22 color, of eggs of butterflies, 4; of caterpil- lars, 8 columbia, Argynnis, III comma, Grapta, 1 Comstock, John Henry, ‘‘A Manual for the Study of Insects,’’ 74 comyntas, Lyczena, 268 373 Index Cook, Eliza, quotation from, 198 drying-boxes, 42 Copzeodes, genus, 345; myrtis, 346; pro- drying-ovens, 46, 47 cris, 345; wrighti, 346 Co ae The, 236, om American, 254; ronze, 253; Great, 253 ; Least, 2 vada, 252; Purplish, 254; Reakirt’s, 254; Ruddy, 255; Snow's, 255 coresia, Timetes, 180 cornelia, Argynnis, IIo coronis, Argynnis, 117 costal margin of wing, 19 costal vein, 20, 21 couperi, Lyczena, 261 Cowan, Frank, quotations from, 90, 299 Cowper, quotation from, 275 coxa, 17, 18 Cramer, Peter, 69; ‘‘ Papillons Exotiques,” cremaster, «II. creola, Debis, 199 Creole, The, 199 Crescent-spots, The, 150; Pearl, 153 cresphontes, Papilio, 311 creusa, Euchloé, 283 Crimson-patch, The, 159 crocale, Synchloé, 160 Crustacea, 59 - crysalus, Thecla, 239 cybele, Argynnis, 106 Cystineura, genus, 177; amymone, 177 cythera, Lemonias, 230 deedalus, Lyczena, 260 Dagger-wings, The, 179; Many-banded, 180; Ruddy, 180 damaris, Terias, 296 damon, Thecla, 246 Danais chrysippus, 182 ‘* darning-needles,” 86 daunus, Papilio, 310 Debis, genus, 198; creola, 199; portlandia, I aaieware. Atrytone, 365 delia, Terias, 298 delila, Colzenis, 95 Dermestes, a museum pest, 53 diana, Argynnis, 103, 127 Dichora, genus, 195 Diclippa, 157 dimorphism, 23 Dione, genus, 96; vanillze, 97 dionysius, Neominois, 213 Dircenna, genus, 89; klugi, 89 disa, Erebia, 209 discal area of wing, I9 discocellular veins, 21 discoidalis, Erebia, 209; Thecla, 246 disippus, Basilarchia, 3, 8, 84, 185 Dismorphia, genus, 273; melite, 274 Distribution of Butterflies, 25 Dog-face Butterflies, 288 ; Californian, 288 ; Southern, 289 Doherty, William, 338 domicella, Hesperia, 327 dorsal vessel, 22 dorus, Plestia, 322 Drake, Joseph Rodman, quotation from, 320 Druce, Herbert, 338 dryas, Grapta, 165 >» Funereal, 33° : ] , dumetorum, Thecla, 249 duryi, Lemonias, 230 ; Ne- Dusky-wings, The, 324, 332; Afranius’, 334; Butler’s, 325; Dark, 333; Dreamy, 333; Horace’s, 336; Juvenal’s, us’, 333; Martial’s, 335; Nee- vius’, 336; Northern, 324; Mrs. Owen's, 325; Pacuvius’, 336; Persius’, 334; Pe- tronius’, 335; cleepy, 332; Southern, 325 Dyar, Harrison G., 1 dymas, Melitzea, 145 335; Luci eagle, white-headed, 63 editha, Chrysophanus, 253; Meliteea, 142 Edwards, W. felicia, Nathalis, 281 femur, 17, 18 Feniseca, genus, 250; tarquinius, 9, 251 feronia, Ageronia, 194 Field, Eugene, quotation from, 74 field-boxes, 30 flava, Terias, 296 Flint, Charles L., edition of Harris’ Re- port, 71 flora, Chlorippe, 191 ; Euchloé, 282 floridensis, Basilarchia, 186; Papilio, 307 food of caterpillars, ro sa pet Selection of, by female butter- y,5 Food-reservoir, 22 forceps, 56 fornax, Ageronia, 194 Fossil Insects, 195 freija, Brenthis, 132 French, Professor G. H., 72 frigga, Brenthis, 133 frisia, Eresia, 157 Fritillary, The Variegated, 99; Mexican, too; Regal, 103; Great Spangled, 106; Miss Owen’s, 110; Behr's, 114; Behrens’, 115; Skinner’s, 117; Snyder's, 118; Ed- wards’, 119; Cliff-dwelling, 120; Plain, 122; Bischoff’s, 124; Silver-bordered, 129; Hiibner’s, 130; White Mountain, 131; Boisduval’s, 132; Lapland, 132; Polar, 133; Meadow, 134 front, definition of, 14 fuliginosa, Lyczena, 258 fulla, Lyczena, 259 funeralis, Thanaos, 336 Index Seca Melitzea, 144; Satyrus, 216 ctia, 333 galactinus, Coenonympha, 205 ganglia, 22, 23 oot Oarisma, 343 eirocheilus, genus, 211; tritonia, 211 gemma, Neonympha, 202 genoveva, Junonia, 174 genus, definition of, 63 enutia, Euchloé, 284 erardia, 173 Geyer, Karl, 70 Gibson, William Hamilton, quotation from, .93 ‘ gigas, CEneis, 220 Glass-wing, The Little, 360 glaucon, Lyczena, 264 laucus, Papilio, 309 naphalium, 170 Goatweed Butterfly, The, 192; Morrison’s, 193 Godman, F. D., 338 gorgon, Chrysophanus, 253 Gossamer-wing, The Sooty, 258 gracilis, Grapta, 166 Grapta, genus, 163; comma, 5, 165 ; dryas, 165; fabricii, 164; faunus, 165; gracilis, 166 ; harrisi, 165; hylas, 165; interroga- tionis, 164; marsyas, 165; progne, 166; satyrus, 165; silenus, 166; umbrosa, 164; zephyrus, 166 greasy specimens, 54 Grossulaceze, 167 grunus, Thecla, 238 gundlachia, Terias, 295 Hackberry Butterflies, 188, 189 Hair-streaks, The, 236, 237; Acadian, 242; Banded, 243; Behr’s, 247; Boisduval’s, 238; Bronzed, 244; Colorado, 239 ; Com- mon, 242; Coral, 250; Drury’s, 246; Early, 249; Edwards’, 243; Gray, 245; Great Purple, 239; Green-winged, 249; Green White-spotted, 249; Hedge-row, 244; Henry’s, 248; Hewitson’s, 245; Martial, 240; Nelson’s, 245; Olive, 246; Southern, 240; Striped, 244; Texas, 241 ; Thicket, 245 ; White-M, 240; Wittfeld’s, 241 halcyone, Argynnis, 116 halesus, Thecla, 239 Hamadryas, genus, 85 Hannington, Bishop, 172 hanno, Lyczena, 269 Harris, Dr. T. Hesperiidze, family, 21, 66, 318; fossil, 196 Hesperiinze, subfamily, 320 hesperis, Argynnis, 112 Heterocera, 62 Heterometabola, 59 heteronea, Lyczena, 259 hianna, Lerema, 366 hibernaculum of Basilarchia, 183 hibernation of caterpillars, 10, 37 hippolyta, Argynnis, 112 Hoary-edge, ‘The, 326 hoffmanni, Melitzea, 143 Holland, Philemon, quotation from trans- lation of Livy, 85 hollandi, Papilio, 314 Hood, Thomas, quotation from, 237 horatius, Thanaos, 336 Hornaday, W. T., vii Hosackia argophylla, 249 howardi, Phycanassa, 363 Hiibner, Jacob, 69; works of, 70 Hugo's ‘‘ Flower to Butterfly,” 74 hulsti, Basilarchia, 84, 185 humuli, Thecla, 242 Humulus, 170 huntera, Pyrameis, 170 Hunter’s Butterfly, 170 huron, Atalopedes, 352 hylas, Grapta, 165 ylephila, genus, 354; phyleeus, 354 Hypanartia, genus, 175; lethe, 175 Hypolimnas, genus, 180; misippus, 171, 181 hypophlzas, Chrysophanus, 254 ianthe, Eresia, 158 icarioides, Lyczena, 260 icelus, Thanaos, 333 idalia, Argynnis, 103 iduna, C£neis, 220 ilaire, Tachyris, 276 imago, the, 13 Immortality, 57 Indigofera, 335 Indo-Malayan Faunal Region, 161 indra, Papilio, 312 ines, Thecla, 247 inflating larvee, 44 Ingelow, Jean, quotation from, 150, 188 inner margin of wing, 19 inornata, Argynnis, 122; Coenonympha, 206 Insect pests, 53 Insecta, 59 Insects, Fossil, 194 Instinct, 280 interior, Colias, 292 interrogationis, Grapta, 164 intestine, 22, 23 iole, Nathalis, 281 irus, Thecla, 248 ismeria, Phyciodes, 152 isola, Lyczena, 268 isophthalma, Lyceena, 269 isthmia, Mechanitis, 87 Ithomiinze, subfamily, 78, 85, 162 itys, Thecla, 243 ivallda, CEneis, 222 Jackson, Helen Hunt (H. H.), quotation from, 318 j-album, Vanessa, 168 janais, Synchloé, 159 Japan, Collecting in, 149 jatrophe, Anartia, 174 jucunda, Terias, julia, Colzenis, 95 ; Euchloé, 283 uniperus virginiana, 246 unonia, genus, 172; coenia, 173; geno- veva, 174; lavinia, 173 jutta, Gneis, 222 juvenalis, Thanaos, 335 Kansas grasshopper, 257 Karlsbader pins, 56 keewaydin, Colias, 291 Kenia, Mount, 172 Key to Subfamilies of Nymphalide, 79 Kilima-njaro, 172 Kirby, Beard, & Co.'s pins, 56 klugi, Dircenna, 89 kodiak, Coenonympha, 207 Kricogonia, genus, 287; lyside, 287; te- rissa, 287 labels, 52 labial palpi. See Palpi labium, of caterpillar, 6; of butterfly, 16 labrum, of caterpillar, 6; of butterfly, 14 lacinia, Synchloé, 159 Lady, The Painted, 170, 171; The West Coast, 170 leeta, Thecla, 249 lais, Argynnis, 109 Lamb’s-quarter, 330 lanceolata, Euchloé, 285 lappets, 17 Laria, genus of moths, 224; rossi, 224 larva. Linnzeus, 58, liparops, Thecla, 244 lisa, Terias, 297 Literature relating to North American butterflies, Long-dash, The, 351 lorquini, Basilarchia, 185 lower discocellular vein, 21 lower radial vein, 20, 21 lucia, Lyczena, 267 lucilius, Thanaos, 333 Luther's Saddest Experience, 100 Lyczena, genus, 258; acmon, 266; ammon, 270; amyntula, 268; annetta, 266; an- tiacis, 261; aquilo, 263; aster, 266; bat- toides, 264; clara, 259; comyntas, 268; couperi, 261; dzedalus, 260; enoptes, 264; exilis, 269; fuliginosa, 258; fulla, 259; glaucon, 264; hanno, 269; hetero- nea, 259; icarioides, 260; isola, 268; isophthalma, 269; lucia, 267; lycea, 259; lygdamas, 262; marginata, 267; marina, 270; melissa, 265; mintha, 260; neg- lecta, 267; nigra, 267; pheres, 261; piasus, 268; podarce, 263; pseudargio- lus, 4, 267; rustica, 263; szepiolus, 260; sagittigera, 262; scudderi, 265; shasta, 265; sonorensis, 263; speciosa, 262; theonus, 270; violacea, 267; xerxes, 261 Lyczenidze, 66, 161, 236 lycaste, Ceratinia, 88 lycea, Lyczena, 259 lycidas, Achalarus, 325 lygdamas, Lyczena, 262 lyside, Kricogonia, 287 macaria, Argynnis, 12 MacDonald, George, quotation from, 201 macglashani, Melitzea, 140 machaon, Papilio, 312 macouni, CXneis, 221 maculata, Oligoria, 361 magdalena, Erebia, 211 Malachites, The, 194; The Pearly, 195 Malacopoda, 59 m-album, Thecla, 240 Malpighian vessel, 22, 23 manataaqua, Limochores, 357 mancinus, Erebia, 209 mandan, Pamphila, 342 mandibles of caterpillar, 6 manitoba, Erynnis, 347 Many-banded Dagger-wing, The, 180 marcellus, Papilio, 308 marcia, Phyciodes, 153 mardon, Polites, 354 marginata, Lyceena, 267 marina, Lyczena, 270 mariposa, Chrysophanus, 254 maritima, Satyrus, 215 marsyas, Grapta, 165 Index martialis, Thecla, 240; Thanaos, 335 massasoit, Poanes, 361 Maxillze, of caterpillars, 6; of butterflies, 14 Maynard, C. J., 72, 73 McDonald, quotation from, 177 meadi, Argynnis, 119; Satyrus, 216 ; Colias, 290 Mechanitis, genus, 86; californica, 87; isthmia, 87; polymnia, 88 median area of wing, 19 median nervules, 21 median vein, 20, 2T Meganostoma, genus, 288; czesonia, 289; eurydice, 288 Megathyminz, subfamily, 368 Megathymus, genus, 367; yuccze, 368 melane, Atrytone, 365 melanism, 24 melinus, Thecla, 242 melissa, Lyczena, 265 Melitzea, genus, 137, 161, 163 ; acastus, 143; alma, 147; anicia, 140; arachne, 148; augusta, 141; baroni, 141; beani, 140; bolli, 147; chalcedon, £39; chara, 146; colon, 140; dymas, 145; editha, 142; elada, 145; gabbi, 144; harrisi, 144 ; hoff- manni, 143; leanira, 146; macglashani, 140; minuta, 148; nubigena, 141; nym- pha, 148 ; palla, 143; perse, 146; phaéton, 4, 138; rubicunda, 142; taylori, 142; thekla, 147; wheeleri, 141 ; whitneyi, 143; wrighti, 147 melite, Dismorphia, 274 menapia, Neophasia, 275 mesothorax, 17, 23 Metabola, 60 metacomet, Euphyes, 360 Metal-marks, The, 228 Metal-marks, The, 230; Behr’s, 230; Dury’s, 230; Dusky, 233; Little, 232; Northern, 232; Palmer's, 231 ; Southern, 233 metathorax, 17, 23 metea, Erynnis, 348 mexicana, Terias, 296 micropyle, 4 middle discocellular vein, 21 milberti, Vanessa, 169 mildew, 54 Milkweed Butterfly. See Anosia Mime, The, 274 Mimic The, r8rz Mimicry, 24, 235 mintha, Lyczena, 260 minuta, Melitzea, 148 minyas, Eumzeus, 237 misippus, Hypolimnas, 171, 181 ‘* Missouri Reports,” The, by C. V. Riley, 73 Monarch, The, 82 monima, Eunica, 176 Monkey, story about, 68; butterflies dis- tasteful to, 92 monstrosities, 24 montana, Phyciodes, 156 monticola, Argynnis, 114 montinus, Brenthis, 131 montis, Chlorippe, 190 montivaga, Argynnis, 126; Hesperia, 327 monuste, Pieris, 277 Moore, Thomas, quotation from, 58 377 Index Moravian Brethren, 127 mormo, Lemonias, 229 Mormon, The, 229 morpheus, Phyciodes, 154 Morris, Rev. John G., ‘‘ Catalogue of the Described Lepidoptera of North Amer- ica,’ 72 morrisoni, Erynnis, 347; Euchloé, 284; Pyrrhanza, 193 siothe: how to distinguish, from butterflies, 62 mould on specimens, 54 moulting of caterpillars, 9 mounting butterflies, 38; English method, 39; continental method, 39; on setting- boards, 40; on setting-blocks, 42 Mount Washington, N. H., 220 Mourning-cloak, The, 169 Mulberry-wing, The, 361 Munkittrick, quotation from, 128 muscles of head of butterfly, 15, 16 mylitta, Phyciodes, 155 Myriapoda, 59 myrina, Brenthis, 129 myrtis, Copzeodes, 346 mystic, Thymelicus, 351 neevius, Thanaos, 336 nais, Lemonias, 230 names, family, 63; generic, 63; specific, 63; scientific, 66; popular, 68; use of, 7 Naphthaline as a preventative of infection, 53 Naphthaline cones, 53 napi, Pieris, 279 nastes, Colias, 293 Nathalis, genus, 281; iole, 281; felicia, 281 nausicad, Argynnis, 108 Nearctic Faunal Region, 161, 163 neglecta, Lyczena, 267 negreta, Ceratinia, 88 nelsoni, Thecla, 245 nemesis, Calephelis, 233 Neominois, genus, 212; dionysius, 213; ridingsi, 213 Neonympha, genus, 201; eurytus, 18, 203; gemma, 202; henshawi, 202; mitchelli, 203; phocion, 202; rubricata, 204; sosy- bius, 204 Neophasia, genus, 274 Neotropical Faunal Region, 161, 162 nephele, Satyrus, 215 nervous system of lepidoptera, 22, 23 nervules, 21 nessus, Hesperia, 329 nets, 26-28; the use of, 31 nevadensis, Argynnis, 118 ‘‘ News, The Entomological,” 73 ‘‘New York Entomological Society, Jour- nal of the,” 73 Nicholas, Grand Duke, 338 nicippe, Terias, 296 nigra, Lyczena, 267 niphon, Thecla, 249 nitocris, Argynnis, 105 nitra, Papilio, 312 nokomis, Argynnis, 104 Nova Scotian, The, 222 nubigena, Meliteea, 141 number of species of butterflies in the United States, 25 numitor, Ancyloxypha, 345 nycteis, Phyciodes, 151 nympha, Melitzea, 148 ymphalidz, 65,77; subfamilies of, 78; fossil, 196 Nymphalinz, subfamily, 78, 93; eggs of, 94; Indo-Malayan, 16r Nymphs, The (see Nymphalinz); Eyed, 198 ; Common Grass, 200; Spangled, 20r Oarisma, genus, 343; garita, 343; powe- sheik, Ohara Bernese, 172 Oberthiir, M. Charles, 338 occidentalis, Pieris, 278 ochracea, Coenonympha, 206 ocola, Prenes, 355 (Eneis, genus, 218, 224; brucei, 223; cae lais, 221 ; chryxus, 221 ; gigas, 220; iduna, 220; ivallda, 222; jutta, 222; macouni, 221; semidea, 222; taygete, 223; uhleri, 222; varuna, 222 cesophagus, of butterfly, 15, 16, 23; of caterpillar, 22 cetus, Satyrus, 218 oleracea-hiemalis, Pieris, 279 Oligoria, genus, 361; maculata, 361 olympus, Satyrus, 215 opis, Argynnis, 124 Orange-tips, The, 282; Falcate, 284 ; Pima, 284; Reakirt’s, 282 oregonia, Papilio, 314 Ornithoptera, genus, 162, 272; paradisea, 162; victoria, 162 orseis, Phyciodes, 154 osmateria, 9 ottoé, Erynnis, 348 outer angle of wing, I9 oviduct, 23 oweni, Argynnis, 10g Packard, A. S., ‘‘ Guide to the Study of Insects,’ 74; ‘‘A Text-book of Ento- mology,” 74 packing specimens, 55 acuvius, Thanaos, 336 alzearctic Faunal Region, 161 palamedes, Papilio, 315 palatka, Limochores, 358 palla, Melitzea, 143 pallida, Pieris, 297 palmeri, Lemonias, 231 palpi, of caterpillars, 6; of butterflies, 16, 2 Pampbils, genus, 342; mandan, 342 Pamphilinz, subfamily, 339 pamphiloides, Coenonympha, 207 pamphilus, Coenonympha, 207 apering specimens, 37 : Papilio, genus, 161, 162, 272, 306; abbotti, 307 ; ajax, 307; aliaska, 312; antimachus, 162; asterias, 6, 13, 314; bairdi, 313; brevicauda, 313; brucei, 313; calverleyi, 314; cresphontes, 311; daunus, 310; eurymedon, 308; floridensis, 307; glau- cus, 309; hoilandi, 314; indra, 312; ma- chaon, 312; marcellus, 308; nitra, 312; oregonia, 314 ; palamedes, 315 ; philenor, 378 6, 12, 315; pilumnus, 310; polydamas, 16; rutulus, ; telamonides, 308; 0as, 311; troilus, 9, 315; turnus, 3, 23, 302) walshi, 307; zolicaon, 312 ‘*Papilio,”’ journal devoted to entomology, 73 Papilionidz, 66, 272 Papilioninz, subfamily, 304; fossil, 196 a eae Ornithoptera, 162 arnassians, The, 304 Parnassius, genus, 304; behri, 3085 clo- dius, 305 ; hermodur, 306; smintheus, 306 Passiflora, 96 neriren peated 2, 97, 98, 99 atched Butterflies, The, 159 cosa Satyrus, 217 eacock Butterflies, 172 » Peacock, The White, 174 Pearly-eye, The, 199 peckius, Polites, 353 pectus, 17 pegala, Satyrus, 215 elidne, Colias, 293 eriodical literature of entomology, 73 perse, Melitzea, 146 persius, Thanaos, 334 petronius, Thanaos, 335 phaéton, Melitzea, 138 phaon, Phyciodes, 153 pheres, Lyczena, 261 philea, Catopsilia, 286 philenor, Papilio, 315 philodice, Colias, 291 phocion, Neonympha, 202 Pholisora, genus, 330; alpheus, 331; catul- lus, 330; hayhursti, 331 ; libya, 331 Phycanassa, genus, 362; aaroni, 363 ; how- ardi, 363 ; viator, 362 Phyciodes, genus,150; barnesi, 155; batesi, 154; camillus, 155 ; ismeria, 152 ; marcia, I53; montana, 156; morpheus, 154 ; my- litta, 155; nycteis, 151; orseis, 154; phaon, 153; picta, 156; pratensis, 154; tharos, 153; vesta, 152 phylezeus, Hylephila, 354 piasus, Lyczena, 268 picta, Phyciodes, 156 Pierinz, subfamily, 272; fossil, 196 Pieris, genus, 276; acadica, 280; beckeri, 277; bryonize, 279; monuste, 277; napi, 279; occidentalis, 278; oleracea, 5, 13, 18 ; oleracea-hiemalis, 279 ; pallida, 279; protodice, 12, 278; rapze, 280; sisymbri, 278 ; vernalis, 278; virginiensis, 279 pilumnus, Papilio, 310 pima, Euchloé, 284 pins, 56 Piperaceze, 192 Plantago, 173 platina, Argynnis, 117 Plestia, genus, 322; dorus, 322 lexippus, Anosia, 82 liny, quotation from, 85 Poanes, genus, 361; massasoit, 361 pocahontas, Atrytone, 364 Strabo Lyczena, 263 odostomata, 59 Sh de Brenthis, 133 olites, genus, 353; mardon, 354; peckius, 353; sabuleti, 354 Index polydamas, Papilio, 316 polymnia, Mechanitis, 88 polymorphism, 23 ontiac, Limochores, 358 ope, Alexander, quotation from, 304 Populus, 1 portia, Pyrrhanzea, 193 portlandia, Debis, 199 potato-bug, 257 powesheik, Oarisma, 343 pratensis, Phyciodes, 154 recostal veins of Erycininz, 228 enes, genus, 355; ocola, 355 proboscis of butterflies, 14-16, 23 procris, Copzeodes, 345 progne, Grapta, 166 prolegs, of caterpillars, 7; anal, 8 proserpina, Basilarchia, 184 protective mimicry, 25 proterpia, Terias, 295 proteus, Eudamus, 321 prothorax, 17, 23 protodice, Pieris, 278 pseudargiolus, Lyczena, 267 pseudodorippus, Basilarchia, 185 ‘« Psyche,’’ journal devoted to entomology, 73 Ptelea, 311 punctata, Eresia, 158 pupa. rupestris, Argynnis, 120 Russell, quotation from, 339 rustica, Lyczena, 263 rutulus, Papilio, 309 sabuleti, Polites, 354 Sachem, The, 352 seepiolus, Lyceena, 260 seepium, Thecla, 244 sagittigera, Lyczena, 262 samoset, Amblyscirtes, 340 sara, Euchloé, 282 ‘ssassacus, Erynnis, 348 sassafras, 315 Satyr, The, 165 i Satyrinze, subfamily, 78, 197; fossil, 196 Satyrs, The: Baron's, 216; Boisduval’s, 218; Carolinian, 204; Gabb’s, 216; Geor- gian, 202; Little Wood-, 203; Mead’s, 216; Mitchell's, 203; Red, 204; Ridings’, 213; Scudder’s, 213 Satyrodes, genus, 200; canthus, 200 Satyrus, genus, 214; alope, 215; ariane, 216; baroni, 216; bodpis, 216; charon, 217; gabbi, 216; maritima, 215; meadi, 216; nephele, 215; cetus, 218; olympus, 215; paulus, 217; pegala, 215; sthenele, 218; texana, 215 satyrus, Grapta, 165 sauer-kraut, 257 Saxifraga, 306 scales of wings, 18; how to remove, I9; arrangement on wing, 20 scale-insects, injurious to orange-trees, 256 Schaus, William, 160 scriptura, Hesperia, 328 Scudder, Dr. S. H., author of ‘‘ The But- terflies of New England,” vi, vii, 72, 73 Scudderi, Lyczena, 265; Colias, 293 Sedum, 306 segments constituting external skeleton of caterpillar, 6 semidea, CEneis, 222 semiramis, Argynnis, I2I setting-blocks, 39 setting-boards, 39 setting-needles, 40 sex, 64 sex-signs, 64 Shakespeare, quotations from, 91, 205, 218, 273 shasta, Lyczena, 265 shellac, 55 Shelley, quotation from, 26 “« Shingling *” butterflies when packing for shipment, 55 Sigourney, Mrs., quotation from, 57 silenus, Gra ta, 166 Silver-spot, Arizona, 108 ; Bremner’s, 113; Columbian, 111; Mead’s, 119; Moun- tain, 108; New Mexican, 107; Nevada, 118; Northwestern, 109; Owen's, 119 simeethis, Thecla, 246 simius, Amblyscirtes, 341 sirius, Chrysophanus, 2 Sisters, The, 187; Californian, 18 sisymbri, Pieris, 278 Sisymbrium, 284 siva, Thecla, 246 size, 271 , Skinner, Dr. Henry, 325, 363 Skippers, The, 318; Aaron's, 363; Arctic, 42; Brazilian, 356; Broad-winged, 362; ronze, 341; Canadian, 347; Carolina, 367; Checkered, 327; Cobweb, 348; Cross-line, 357; Delaware, 365; Dun, 60; Dusted, 366; Erichson’s, 7 iery, 354; Golden-banded, 326; Griz- zled, 327; Hayhurst’s, 331; Hobomok, 364; Howard's, 363; Indian, 348; Iowa, 304 Leonard's, 349; Long-tailed, 321; orrison’s, 347; Ocola, 355; Oregon, 354; Palatka, 358; Peck’s, 353; Pepper- and-salt, 340; Roadside, 340; Sand-hill, 354; Short-tailed, 322; Silver-spotted, 323; Skinner's, 359; Small-checkered, 32 ; Snow’s, 350; ‘Tawny-edged, 357, wo-banded, 328; Umber, 365; 1- canic, 351; Woodland, 340; Woven- ihe a 341; Wright's, 346; Xanthus, 32 Slosson, Mrs. Common, 291; Gold-and-black, 291; Great, 285; Labrador, 293; Large Orange, 287; Little, 297; Mead’s, 290i Pink- edged, 292; Red-barred, 286; Scudder'’s, 293 ; Strecker’s, 290 Superstitions, 90 Suspicious Conduct, 136 Swallowtails, The, 272, 306; Alaskan, 312; Common _ Eastern, 314 5 Giant, 311; Ip Newfoundland, 313; e-vine, 315; Spice-bush, 315; Tiger, 309 Swinburne, quotation from, 272 sylvanoides, Erynnis, 349 ynchloé, genus, 159; crocale, 160; janais, 159; lacinia, 159 Systasea, genus, 329; zampa, 329 Tachyris, genus, 275; ilaire, 276 tacita, Thecla, Plate XXIX, Fig. 30 tarquinius, Feniseca, 251 tarsi, 17, 18 tatila, Eunica, 176 taumas, Limochores, 357 taxiles, Atrytone, 365 taygete, CGneis, 223 taylori, Melitzea, 142 a a 17 telamonides, Papilio, 308 Tennyson, quotation from, 213 Terias, genus, 294; damaris, 296; delia, 2098 ; elathea, 298; flava, 296; gundlachia, 295; jucunda, 298; lisa, 297; mexicana, 296; nicippe, 296; proterpia, 295; west- woodi, 297 terissa, Kricogonia, 287 testis, 22 texana, Eresia, 158; Satyrus, 215 textor, Amblyscirtes, 341 Thanaos, genus, 332; afranius, 334; brizo, 332; clitus, 336; funeralis, 336; horatius, 336; icelus, 933 juvenalis, 335; lucilius, 333; martialis, 335; neevius, 336; pacu- vius, 336; persius, 334; petronius, 335 ; somnus, 333 tharos, Phyciodes, 153 Thecla, genus, 237; acadica, 242; acis, 240, 246; adenostomatis, 245; affinis, 249; alcestis, 241; arsace, 248 ; augustus, 247; autolycus, 241 ; behri, 247; blenina, 245; calanus, 243; cecrops, 246; chalcis, 244; citima, 239; clytie, 247; crysalus, 239; damon, 246; discoidalis, 246; dume- torum, 249; edwardsi, 243; eryphon, 248; favonius, 240; grunus, 238 ; halesus, 239; henrici, 248; humuli, 242; ines, 247; irus, 248; itys, 243; leeta, 249; liparops, 244; m-album, 240; martialis, 240; meli- nus, 242; nelsoni, 245; niphon, 249; seepium, 244; simzetnis, 246; siva, 246; spinetorum, 245; tacita, Plate XXIX, Fig. 30; titus, 250; wittfeldi, 241 thekla, Melitzea, 147 theonus, Lyczena, 270 Thibet, 172 Index thoas, Papilio, 311 thoé, Chrysophanus, 253 thorax, 7, 14, 17, 22, 23 Thoreau, Quotation from, Thorybes, genus, 324; zemilia, 325; bathyl- lus, 325 ; epigena, 325 ; pylades, 324 Thymelicus, genus, 350; ztna, 351; bret- tus, 351; mystic, 351 tibia, 17, 18 tiger, 63 Timetes, genus, 179; chiron, 180; coresia, 180; petreus, 180 tip for inflating tube, 46 titus, Thecla, 250 tityrus, Epargyreus, 323 Tokyo, 149 Tongue. See Proboscis Tortoise, The Compton, 168 Tortoise-shells, The, 167; the California, 168; Milbert’s, 169 tracheze, 15, 22 ‘* Transactions of the American Entomo- logical Society,’’ 73 transformations, egg to caterpillar, 5; caterpillar to chrysalis, 11; chrysalis to manage & 13 triclaris, Brenthis, 130 tritonia, Geirocheilus, 211 trochanter, 17, 18 troilus, Papilio, 315 tulcis, Eresia, 158 turnus, Papilio, 309 Turritis, 285 Twin-spot, The, 361 tyndarus, Erebia, 210 types of butterflies named by W. H. Ed- wards, vi; used in preparation of this book, vii typhon, Coenonympha, 206 uhleri, GEneis, 222 Umbelliferze, 312, 313, 314 umbrosa, Grapta, 164 uncas, Erynnis, 349 Uncle Jotham’s Boarder, 233 United States Department of Agriculture, 7 United States National Museum, 73 upper discocellular vein, 21 upper radial vein, 20, 21 Urtica, 164, 169 urtica, Vanessa, 169 Urticaceze, 164, 165 Utility of Entomology, The, 256 Vanessa, genus, 167; antiopa, 5, 7, 94, 169; californica, 168; j-album, 168; milberti, 169; urticze, 169; vau-album, 168; xan- thomelas, 168 vanillze, Dione, 97 varieties, 64; insular, 64 varuna, CEneis, 222 vau-album, Vanessa, 168 veins of wings, 20, 2I verna, Euphyes, 360 vernalis, Pieris, 278 Vertex, definition of, 14 vesta, Phyciodes, 152 vialis, Amblyscirtes, 340 viator, Phycanassa, 362 381 Index Viceroy, The, 185 victoria, Ornithoptera, 162 Victorina, genus, 194; steneles, 195 violacea, Lyczena, 267 violets, 98, 102 Violet-wings, The, 175; The Dingy, 176 virginiensis, Chrysophanus, 252; Pieris, 279 virgulti, Lemonias, 230 vitellius, Atrytone, 364 Wallace, Alfred Russel, 92, 338 walshi, Papilio, 307 Walsingham, Lord, 338 weidemeyeri, Basilarchia, 185 westwoodi, Terias, 297 wheeleri, Melitzea, 141 Whirlabout, The, 351 White Admirals, The, 182 White Peacock, The, 174 Whites, The, 272; Becker's, 277; Cabbage, 280; California, 278; Common, 278; Florida, 276; Great Southern, 277; Mus- tard, 279; Pine, 275; Western, 278 whitneyi, Melitzea, 143 Wilcox, Ella Wheeler, quotation from, 186 wings of butterflies, 18, 21 winter quarters of Basilarchia, 183 Wistaria, 322 wittfeldi, Thecla, 241 Wood-nymphs, The, 214; Clouded, 21s; Common, 215; Dark, 217; Least, 218; Small, 217; Southern, 215 wrighti, Melitzea, 147; Copzeodes, 346 writers, early, upon butterflies of North America, 69; later, 71 xanthoides, Chrysophanus, 253 xanthomelas, Vanessa, 168 xanthus, Hesperia, 328 xerxes, Lyczena, 261 ‘*Vale Literary Magazine,” 100 oe Limochores, 359 ellow, The Dwarf, 281; The Fairy, 298 The Mexican, 296; Westwood’s, 297 yuccee, Megathymus, 368 zabulon, Atrytone, 364 zampa, Shag a 329 Zebra, The. 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