None
264 renewals, 265 sawfly, 265 seale, 265 section, 263 soils, 263 types and varieties, 263 Cuttings and layerings, 39 callousing, 40 care of, 41 405 406 Cuttings and layerings, examples of ,43 green wood, 42, 47 hard wood, 40 how stored, 40 management, 44 planting, 40 principles of, 43 root, 39, 47 stems for, 39 trees and shrubs grown from, 42, 147 types of, 39, 40 ,47 Cut worms, 317 December garden work, 156, 170 home grounds in, 341, 345 orchard and fruit work, 341, 345 De Vries, 23 Dewberries, 263 Diseases, blackberry, 262 collecting, 202 currant, 265 fruit, 320, 321 gooseberry, 266 grape, 249, 250 orange, 282 preventing, 309 raspberry, 257 strawberry, 239 Disk harrow, 331 Dividing and transplanting, 34 Division of roots, 33 Dogs, damage by, 386 Downy mildew on grapes, 249 Drainage, 74, 80 work by students, 154 Drouth resistance, 236, 239 Drying vegetables, 119 Duster at work, 326 Dusting potatoes, 144 vs. spraying, 324, 325 Dwarf apple trees, 183 Ear-row system, 30 Eggplant, 125-6 Emulsions of oil, 313-4 Endive, 112 Enemies, combating, 202 losses from, 202 of apple, pear, quince, 195 of cherries, 226 of plants, 3 of plums, 231 Evaporation from leaves, 6 Exercises at close of each chapter bush fruit, 269 forest, 365 INDEX Exercise at close of each chapter grape, 251 home grounds, 382 orchard, 221, 232 pruning, 346 soil improvement, 301 spraying, 327 strawberry, 240 weed, 354 with birds, 388-9 fruit, 192 orchard enemies, 202 wood lot, 365 Exhibits of fruit, 192 garden products, 130, 153, 169 scoring, 192 Exposure for orchards, 173, 192, 203, 223, 228 Farmers’ end of each chapter Farm garden, 67, 68, 69 February garden work, 146, 159 home grounds in, 337, 341 orchard work, 337, 341 Feeding birds, 387, 389 Fertility, forms of, 395 from legumes, 394, 395 removed by crops, 394 Fertilizer, commercial, 291 effect in orchard, 291 formulas, 291 home mixtures, 292 materials, collection of, 9 need of, 292 Fertilizers in gardens, 72, 73, 80 for Irish potatoes, 133, 144 Fertilizing currants, 264 grapes, 245 orchards, 180, 211, 218, 221, 232, 291 strawberries, 237 Field and laboratory exercises, close of each chapter Field studies of weeds, 354 Figs, 272 caprification of, 273 Fillers in orchards, 207, 210 Five-finger, 351 Fixation of type, 25 Flat of cabbage, 91 Flats in hotbeds, 82 making, 92 transplanting into, 93 Flicker, 388 Flooding cranberries, 267 Flower borders, 378 bulletins, INDEX 407 Flower borders, parts of, 10, 11 pit chapter, 81 planting, 378 structure shown, 11 studies, 88 uses, 87 work, see each month Flowering tables, 380-1 Flowers, annual, 379, 381, 382 best use of, 380-1 color of, 380, 381-2 dicecious, 11 distances for, 380-1 heights of, 380-1 moncecious, 11 of several types, 11 perfect, 11 show of, 379 Flute budding, 53 Foliage plants, 382 Food in seeds, 20 Food supply for plants, 2 Forcing asparagus and rhubarb, 120 Forest benefits, 364 carpet, 365 harvesting, 361-2 nursery, 360 planting and eare, 361 profits, 363 projects and exercises, 365 studies, 365 Formal gardening, 374 Frames for beds, 85 hotbeds, 81 Freezing, resistance to, 105, 119 Frog-eye on apple leaf, 201-2 Fruit-bearing shrubs, 384, 389, 401 Fruit barrel, press and clamp, 189 buds, 8 descriptions, 192 exhibits, scoring, 192 reminders, see months spurs, 181 table for packing and sorting, 188 Fruits, time to spray, 320 Fungicides, using, 309, 320, 321 Garden calendar, 146, 157 city, 6 cleaning up season, 171 cover crops, 74 cress, 98 drainage, 74 farm, 67—8-9 for all seasons, 70 irrigation, 74-5 planned with long rows, 158 Garden calender, practices against in- sects, 317 products, exhibits of, 130, 153, 169 projects, 79, 130 seeds, saving, 14 small market, 68 soils, 71, 80 surveys, 79 tenement, 377 tillage, 72-3 truck, 69, 79 Gardening, 61 back yard, 66 door-yard, 62 fertilizers in, 73 horse-culture, 67 importance of, 61 landscape, 366 plan for, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 79 projects, 66, 79 tools for, 62, 64, 65, 70, 75, 76, 77 79, 108 Garlic, 108 Gas sprayers, 319 Gasoline engine sprayers, 323 Germination, conditions for, 4 exercises in, 8 of seeds, 3 Glass for hotbeds, 81 Globe artichoke, 118 Golden rod, 352 Gooseberry culture, 266 enemies, 266 harvesting and use, 266 section, 265 varieties, 265 Gourds, ornamental, 375 Grafting, 49, 53 bridge, 56 cleft, 55, 56 cutting method, 57 inlaying, 57 saddle, 57 shield, 57 side, 57 splice, 57 tongue, 53 top-working, 57, 60 types of, 57, 60 veneer, 57 wax making, 58, 60 Grafts, setting, 54 Grape flea-beetle, 247 leaf-folder, 246 leaf-hopper, 246 phylloxera, 249 projects, 251 408 INDEX Grape flea-beetle, root-borer, 249 Harvesting raspberries, 254 soils, 241 strawberries, 238 winter cover crop, 248 Hill-row improvement of potatoes, 29 Grapefruit acreage map, 279 strawberries, 237 culture, 282 Heading, high, 179 Grapes, chapter on, 241 height of, 178 cultivating, 244 Hedge rows of strawberries, 236 Downy mildew on, 247 Hedges, formal, 374 enemies of, 246 to 251 to plant, 371, 401 fertilizing, 245 Heeling in trees, 177, 208 from cuttings, 44, 47 Hellebore, 312 location for, 241 Herbs, propagation of, 33 marketing, 246 Heredity, 22 packing, 246 Home gardening, 61, 64 picking, 245 grounds, by months, 337, 341 pruning, 243 chapter on, 366 rose chafer on, 247 plans for, 370-1, 382 rots on, 250 scoring, 382 _ starting, 242 see each month trellising, 242, 248, 251 Home projects, garden, 66, 78, 79 varieties of, 241 close of each chapter Green manure, 289 Home vegetable garden, 61 manuring, 180 Horse-culture gardening, 67 wood cuttings, 42 Horse radish, 115 Greens, short season, 92 preserving, 119 that endure summer heat, 91 Horticulture, books on, 390 Grounds, beautifying, 366 Hose for spraying, 323 cost to improve, 366 Hotbed becomes coldframe, 84 home, 366 contest, 88 plans for, 370, 372 studies, 88 scoring, 382 watering, 84 see each month Hotbeds, chapter on, 81 well planted, 368 drawing of, 83 Grasses for lawns, 376 frames for, 81 in orchards, 351 flats for, 82 starting, 377 glass for, 81, 84 Gullying, study of, 363 how heated, 82 placing, 82 Hardwood-evergreen mixture, 360 ventilation of, 82 Hardy vegetables, 89 Humus, adding, 289 Harrows, 331-2 for gardens, 72 80 Harvesting apples, 186 Hyacinth section, 37 avocadoes 278 Hybridizing, project in, 31 blackberries, 262 Hybrids, 24 bush fruits, 269 Hydrastis, division of, 36 cherries, 226 Hydrogen, 6 cranberries, 268 Hydrometer test for sprays, 308 currants, 264 tests, 397 forest trees, 361-2 Hydrophytes, 2 gooseberries, 266 ; grapes, 245 Improvement in plants, need of, 27 olives, 274 Impurities, identifying, 20 oranges, 281-2 Inlaying, 57 peaches, 214, 330 Inoculating for legumes, 287 pears, 190 Insect ae fighting, 309, 317, 331 pineapples, 275 plums, 230 of blackberries, 262 INDEX [nsect enemies, of currants, 265 of gooseberries, 266 of grapes, 246 of oranges, 282 of raspberries, 256 of strawberries, 239 Insecticides, contact, 313, 320, 321 poison, 310, 320, 321 Insects, collecting, 202 practices against, 317 special fighting for 317 spraying for, 310, 312, 316, 320 Inspection form, 59 Inter-cropping orchards, 179, 192, 208, 209 Inter-tillage, 299 Irish potatoes, 132 Peau, 74, 75, 80, 281 of orchards, 183-4 orange groves, 281 January garden work, 146, 157 home grounds in, 337, 341 orchard work, 637, 341 Jerusalem artichoke, 119 Johnson grass, 349 Judging home gardens, 78 home grounds, 382 strawberries, 240 July garden work, 149 home grounds in, 339. 3438 orchard and fruit work, 339, 343 June garden work, 149, 164 home grounds in, 339, 342 orchard and frujt work, 339, 342 Kale, 112 sea, 118 Kerosene emulsion, 313, 320, 321 Knapsack pump, 318 Knife, pruning, 335 Kohl rahi, 101 Labor, economy of, 61 Laboratory exercises, close of each chapter Ladder for picking fruit, 187 Landscape gardening, 366 Lawns, care of, 377, 341 grasses for, 376 see months starting, 377 Layerings, 39, 44 mound, 46 pot, 47 planting, 44 rooting, 44 409 Layerings, tip, 45 vine, 44, 45 Leaf, cross section of, 4 function and structure, 3 structure, 8, 9 Leaves, evaporation from, 6 importance of, 6 Leeks, 108 Legumes as winter covers, 288 furnish nitrogen, 394—5 inoculating, 287 section on, 286 value of, 286 Lemons, acreage map, 279 culture of, 284 Lenticle spots, 6 Lettuce, 96, 104 Library, books for, 390 Light requirements of plants, 3 Like and unlike, survival of, 22 Lime, burned, 296-7 chart, 297 danger of, 296 forms of, 296-7 ground stone, 296-7 hydrated, 296-7 uses of, 295, 297 Liming garden soil, 72, 80 of soils, 295 projects, 301 Limes, acreage map, 279 growth of, 284 Lime-sulfur,commercial,308,316 320 dilutions, 397-8 for scab, 309 home boiled, 307 self-boiled, 308 spraying with, 326 testing, 308 vs. Bordeaux, 303 Livers of sulfur, 306 London purple, 311 Longevity of seeds, 17 Manure and humus, 72, 80 barnyard, 290 cautions 1n using, 291 composting, 290 green, 289 surveys, 301 Mangoes, 275-6-7 Maple sugar and syrup, 256 March garden work, 147, 160 home grounds in, 338, 342 orchard and fruit work, 338, 342 Marker for garden, 65 Market garden, 68-9 410 INDEX Marketing blackberries, 262 fruits, 192 grapes, 246 oranges, 281, 283, 285 pineapples, 275 vegetables, etc., 148 Materials for budding, 51 spraying, 303, 320 Matted row of strawberries, 236 May garden work, 148, 163 home grounds in, 339, 342 orchard and fruit work, 339, 342 Mendel’s law, 25 limits of, 26 results of, 26 Mesophytes, 2 Methods of pollination, 20 Mice, 56, 58 protection against, 198 Miscible oils, 315 Mixtures of fertilizers, 292 Moisture for plant growth, 1, 2 Mound layering, 46 and root division, 47 examples of, 46 Mulch for currants, 264 for strawberries, 236, 239 of loose soil, 299 Mushrooms, 129 Muskmelons, 127, 128 Mustard, 97, 351 Nests for birds, 384, 388 protect, 389 Nicofume, 315, 321 Nicotine sulfate, 315, 321 Nitrate of soda, 293 Nitrogen, 6, 286-7 from legumes, 394-5 —gathering bacteria, 287-9 in air, 8 sources of, 282 November garden work, 154, 169 home grounds in, 340, 345 orchard and fruit work, 340, 345 Nozzles for spraying, 324 work of, 325 Nursery, a cherry, 60 a peach, 60 a plum, 60 and orchard projects, 60 forest, 360 inspection, 58 form, 59 of apples and pears, 60 problems, 58 Nuts, chapter on, 270 Nuts, exercises, 285 October garden work, 152, 168 home grounds in, 340, 344 orchard and fruit work, 340, 344 Oil emulsions, 313-4 Oils, miscible, 315 Olives, 273-4 acreage map, 279 Okra, 125 Onion group, 91 Onions, 106-7 curing, 109 types, 110 Orchard, avocado, 278 blasting, 298 cherry, 203-4 culture, 179, 230, 300, 301, 331 diseased and starved, 186 enemies, 202, 224-5 fertilizers, 180, 211, 213 221, 232 fillers, 207, 210 harrows, 331-2 inter-cropping, 179, 192, 208 mango, 277 olive, 274 peach, 205-6 plum, 229 projects, 192 renovation, 184 spraying, 303 weeds, 351 work by months, 337, 341 years’ work, 329, 330 Oranges, 278 acreage map, 279 culture, 281 enemies, 282 grove, 281 harvesting and marketing, 281-2 packing, 283 propagation, 280 pruning, 280 setting, 280 Valencia, 280 Organic matter, adding, 289 Ornamentals, growing, 375 Osmosis apparatus, 6 by roots, 5 experiments, 8 Oxygen, 6 for plants, 2, 8 Oyster shell lime, 296, 297 Packing apples in boxes, 190-2, 399 cherries, 226 co-operative, 329 peaches, 212, 214-5 Para-dichloro-benzine, 217 Paris green, 310 Parsley,111 Parsnip, 113 Peach, acreage map, 203 brown rot of, 218-9 chapter on, 203 fertilizers, 211, 213 leaf curl, 219 orchard, exposure, 203-4 laying out, 206, 209, 210 packing, 212, 214-5 pruning, 209, 212-4 scab, 219 soil, 204-5 trees, as fillers, 207, 210 borers, 215, 217, 218 getting, 206-7 June budded, 206-7 September budded, 206-7 varieties, 205 yellows, 219 Peaches, cost of, 395 improving, 27, 32 picking, 330 propagation of, 50, 60 thinned, 344 Pear, acreage map, 174 enemies of, 195 harvesting, 190, 192 nursery, 60 propagation of, 53 pruning, 189, 191 section on, 189 soils, 189 spraying, 196 twig blight, 199 varieties, 189 Peas, early, 92 English garden, 96, 105 Pecans, 271 Pedigreed seed, 27 Peony, propagation of, 34 Perennial flowers, 380 vegetables, 92, 115 to 119 Perennials, choice of, 379 Peppers, sweet, 90, 124 Pests in seeds, 15 to spray, 320 Phosphate, acid, 293 Phosphoric acid, sources, 294 Phosphorous, 6 forms of, 395 properties of, 9 Picking apples, 186 Pickling, 130 Pineapples, 274 field, 275 INDEX 411 Pineapples, harvesting and marketing, 275 propagation, 274 soils and culture, 274 Pine trees, 358-9 Pistil, 11, 12 Pits for flowers and vegetables, 87 rroject, 88 special uses, 87 Plan for planting orchards, 177 garden, 63, 64, 65, 69, 79 Plans for home grounds, 366, 382 poor and good, 370-1 Plant breeding, principles of, 22 enemies, 3 food, available, 8 supply ) 2, 6 growth, conditions for, 1 lice on apples, 320 on melons, 314 life, chapter on, 1 parts of, 4 societies, 2 Plantain, buckhorn, 348 Planting, annuals, 374, 376 an orchard tree, 178 apple orchards, 176 blackberries, 261 blueberries, 267 board, 178 bush fruits, 269 by colors, 381-2 cranberries, 268 currants, 263 flowers, 378 forest trees, 361, 365 grapes, 242 hedges, 371 home grounds, 366-7 oranges, 280 plan for apples, 176-7 plans for strawberries, 235, 240 raspberries, 253 rate of, for potatoes, 136 shade trees, 369 shrubs, 370 tables, 88, 92, 93, 380, 381, 396 vines, 372 Plants, air for, 2 carbon dioxide for, 2 foliage, 382 influenced by surroundings, 23 importance of, 1 light for, 3 lists of, 380, 381, 382, 401 oxygen for, 2, 8 propagation of, 10, 33 Plate budding, 52 A12 Plowing, deep, 298 fall, 298 repacking after, 299 spring, 298 Plum, acreage map, 227 American, 228 brown rot of, 231 curculio, 217 exposure, 228 Golden Beauty, 229 harvesting, 230 insect enemies of, 231 Milton, 229 orchard culture, 230 starting, 229 pruning, 229 Simon, 228 types and varieties, 228 Plums, propagation of, 5i, 60 section on, 227 soils for, 227 stocks for, 51 uses of, 231 Poison sprays, Pollen, how carried, 13 Pollination and bagging, 31 artificial, 31 by insects, 12, 13, 20 by wind, 13 cross, 12, 13 methods of, 11, 20 self, 11, 12, 13 tools for, 31 underground, 13 Pomelo, see grapefruit, 282 Pop-corn, 122 Potash, sources of. 294 Potassium, 6 forms, 395; properties, 9 permanganate, 251, 306 sulfide, 306 Potato, project, 143 seed, quantity of, 38 varieties and types, 393 yields, 28, 393 Potatoes, Burbank, 135 chapter on, 1382 Cobbler, 135 culture of, 137, 144 cutting, 134 dusting, 144 fertilizer for, 133, 140 good and poor seed, 24 harvesting, 139 improving, 28 Trish, 132 planting, 136 INDEX Potatoes, rate of planting, 135-6, 144 seed, 134, 144 soils for, 182, 140 spraying, 138 sprouting seed, 136-7 storing, 139, 144 sweet, 140 treating for scab, 1386, 144 varieties, 134 Pot layering, 47 Prepotency, 23 Prickly lettuce, 350 Project, close of each chapter bush fruit, 269 fertilizer, 301 forest, 365 garden, see each month garden, 79, 130 score card, 78 grape, 251 home grounds, 382 in crop growing, 301 in drainage, 154 in soil management. 301 orchard, 192, 221, 282, 346 spraying, 327 strawberry, 240 weed, 354 with potatoes, 143 Prong-budding, 52 Propagation, by true roots. 37 by underground parts, 33 of apples, 53, 55, 60 of avocado, 278 of bulbous plants, 34 of bush fruits, 269 of cherries, 51, 60, 224 of cranberries, 268 of mangoes, 276 of olives, 273 of oranges, 280 of peaches, 50, 60 of pineapples, 274 of plants, 10, 33 of plums, 51, 60 Properties of phosphorous and potas- slum, 9 Props for trees, 179 Protection of blackberries, 262 of cranberries, 267 of raspberries, 254 Pruning, blackberries, 261 before planting, 177 currants, 264 exercises, 346 good and bad, 182 grapes, 243 INDEX Pruning, oranges, 280 peaches, 209, 211, 213 pears, 189, 191 plums, 229 raspberries, 254, 255 saws, 334 shears, 76 summer, 213 the orchard, 180-1 tools, 335 years’, 333 Pulsatilla, division of, 35 Pumpkins, 129 Purslane, 348 Pyrethrum, 316 Questions at close of each chapter Quince, culture, 191 enemies of, 195 section on, 190 twig blight, 199 Quality of apples, 400 Rabbits, 56, 58, 59 and mice, protection against, 198 trap for, 59 Radishes, 95 Rag doll tester, 18 Rake, garden, 77 Raspberries, propagation of, 45 section on, 252 Raspberry, crown gall, 258 diseases, 257 harvesting, 254 hill system, 256 insects, 256 locations, 253 planting, 253, 257 projects, 269 pruning, 254-5 soils, 253 training, 254 uses, 256 varieties, 253 winter protection, 254 Reference library, 390 References to books and bulletins, see end of each chapter Rejuvenated Baldwin orchard, 185 Renovating old orchards, 184-5 Renovation, steps in, 184 Reversion, 23 Rhubarb, 115 forcing, 120 Ripe wood cuttings, 40 Ripening dates, 232 Rod for spraying, 323 413 Romaine, 96 Root crops and tubers, 91 cuttings, 39 division, 33, 38, 47 Root hairs shown, 6 structure of, 5 work of, 5 Rooting layers, 44 Roots, absorption by, 5 osmosis in, 5 propagation by, 37, 47 Rose chafer, 247 mildew, 251, 306 Rotation in gardens, 165, 171. Rust on apples and cedars, 200 Salsify, 114 Salting cucumbers, 130 San José seale, 215-6 Sauerkraut, 105 Saws, pruning, 334 Scab, apple, 198, 309, 320 potato, 136-7 Seale insects, 215-6 Scoring home grounds, 382 Sea kale, 118 Seasonal work by months, 337, 341 Seed, analysis, 19 crop, securing, 15 effect of weight of, 30 formation, 20 laboratories, 350 large and small, 25 pedigrees, 27 potatoes, 134, 144 cutting, 135 improving, 28, 31 planting, 135 sprouting, 137 treating, 136 samples, impurities in, 19 saving contest, 20 selection, 15 sources in America, 15, 16 testers, 18 trial grounds, 15, 16 Seeds, analysis of, 19 buying, 16, 19 choice of, 20 detecting age of, 17 food in, 20 for market, 20 forest, 365 garden, 14 germination of, 3 growth of, 14 how produced, 10 414 Seeds, infested with pests, 15 longevity of, 17 nourishment in, 14 storing, 15 testing, 18 weight of, 32 why produced, 10 Selection, by growers, 30 careful, 24 in plant breeding, 24 September garden work, 151, 167 home grounds in, 340, 344 orchard and fruit work, 340, 344 Shallot, 108 Shears, pruning, 335 Shelter belts, 358 Shield-budding, 49 ,50 of peaches, 50 Shrubs and plants per acre, 396 from cuttings, 42, 47 fruit-bearing, 384, 389 in clumps, 366 propagation of, 33, 38 to plant, 370, 401 Sifting and weighing seeds, 30 Size and weight of seed, 30 Smartweed, Pennsylvania, 353 Soaps for spraying, 315 Sod-mulch system, 300 Soil, adding humus, 72 amendments, 286-301 clods of, 72 influence of, 33 liming, 72 modifying, 72 mulch, 299 types, 71 Soils, for apples, 173 blackberries, 258 blueberries, 267 cherries, 222 cranberries, 267 currants, 263 gooseberries, 266 grapes, 241 Irish potatoes, 132 mangoes, 276 peaches, 204-5 pears, 189 pineapples, 274 plums, 227 raspberries, 253 strawberries, 233, 240 sweet potatoes, 140 wood lot, 256 garden 71, 80 packing, 299 INDEX Soils, preparing potato, 133 Soybeans with bacteria, 287, 289 Spinach, 97 New Zealand, 111 Spirea, 373 Sports, 23 Spray, calendar, 318, 320, 321 hose and rod, 323 materials for potatoes, 138, 144 nozzles, 324 Sprayer, barrel, 318, 322 bucket, 318 compressed air, 318-9 gas, 319 hand, 318 knapsack, 318 tank, 319, 322-3 Spraying, campaigns, 328-9, 330, 333, 336 equipment, 318 exercises, 327-8 for blight and beetles, 138, 144 high pressure, 325 improves quality, 304 materials, 303, 320 principles of, 303, 320 projects, 303, 327 vs. layered plants, 44 machine, 143 spring crops, 90 sweet potatoes, 141, 143 warm season crops, 89, 92 Transplanted plants, 87, 88, 92, 143 Tree guards for cats, 385 Trees, along streams, 357, 364 and shrubs at home, 355 benefits of, 364 for forest planting, 359 high buildings, 373 shade, 369 grown from cuttings, 42 growth of, 58-9 416 INDEX Trees, harvesting, 361-2 Vegetables, tender, 89 heeling in, 177, 208 uses of, 104 knowing the, 365 warm season, 89, 92 on rocky areas, 375 Veneer grafting, 57 on poor land, 363 Ventilation of hotbeds, 82 Trellising grapes, 242-8, 251 Vine layering, 44, 47 raspberries, 254 Vines to plant, 372, 401 Trips to orchards, 346 Vineyard, see grapes, 241-251 Truck garden, 69, 79 Violet, hidden blossoms of, 14 Tubers and rootrerops, 91 Turnips, 99, 105 Walks in gardens, 151 Type, fixing, 25-6 Walnuts, acreage map, 279 Types of bulbs, 34-5 English, 271-2 flowers, 11 native, 271 Warm season crops, 89, 90, 92, 121 Upland cress, 111 Warmth for plant growth, 1 U.S. 