None
Nicholas; Panama; Sa- mana Bay Naval interests, control of oil de¬ posits and, 282-294 United States, in the Caribbean, 315, 316, 319, 322 Navy, oil and the, 283, 284, 286, 293 Negroes, importance of, in Carib- 'bean, 34, 35 See also Population Netherlands, West Indies, 72 harbor improvements in, 309 history of, 72, 73 products of, 74, 75 sugar of, 74 Neutrality of Panama, 219 Nicaragua, 218 bananas of, 185 coffee of, 185 commercial facilities of, 174, 175 diplomacy of Wilson administra¬ tion as to, 179, 180 finances of, 181 foreign trade with, 184 government of, 175, 176 intervention in, 177 political relations of, with United States, 183 population of, 173 protectorate proposed in, 176, 180 opinions concerning, 176, 177 pubHc debt of, 177, 178, 181, 182 relations of, with Honduras, 166 revolution in, in 1912, 22 subdued by American troops, 177 treaty with United States, 180 Oil, as fuel, 282, 283 Caribbean, 286, 287 Central American, 288 Colombian, 289, 293 foreign investments in, 333, 334 in North and South America, 288, 289 Panama Canal and, 334 political importance of, 282, 290 376 INDEX Oil, Trinidad, 389 used by American Navy, 383, 384 used by British Admiralty, 383, 384 Venezuelan, 389 Oil concessions and the Monroe Doc¬ trine, 390 Oil supplies, naval bases and, 391, 393 undeveloped, 386, 387 Oil supply, of British Navy, 393 control of, 385, 390, 391 Mexican development of, 386, 387 Open Door Policy, 3 Order, 7 an international question, 15 in Cuba, 81, 83, 83, 84 importance of, 4, 13, 14 in Caribbean, 15 in international affairs, 13 Orinoco, concessions in, 347 Orinoco Steamship Company and Hague Court, 349 Panama, American naval policy and, 196, 317, 333, 333 Anglo-American relations and, 307 Colombia and, 193, 198, 199 commerce and, 305, 306 commercial routes through, 194 effect of failure of canal projects, 198 French Company at, 197, 198 fruit trade with, 31 Hawaii and, 333 history of, 193 importance in world affairs, 194 of canal for, 196 interest of United States in, 195, 317 neutrality of, 330 politics in, 304, 305 recognition of, 303, 304 revolution in, 300, 301, 303 and American foreign policy, 337 and American Navy, 301, 303 treaty with, 304, 306 Panama Canal, 8 American contention concerning, 313, 313 American foreign policy and, 338 commercial importance of, 9 effect of, on British commerce, 307 European colonies and, 308 Far Eastern trade and, 9 Panama Canal, fortification of, 317- 338 importance of, to Colombia, 331 naval interests involved in, 319- 333 negotiations for, 196, 197, 199 oil resources and, 334 responsibility of United States in, 338 treaty concerning, 307-309 Panama fortifications, 330, 331 arguments in favor of, 334, 335 installed, 337 opinion of War Department con¬ cerning, 336 Panama tolls, 306-316 act repealed, 314-315 attitude of Taft administration, 314 of Wilson administration, 314 British protest against, 310, 313 dispute over, 309 equal treatment, 313 neutralization, 308, 313 Knox, P. C., and, 310-331 party declarations concerning, 309, 310 Pan-American alliance, difficulties of, 346-348 Pan-American cooperation, 345, 346, 349 Pan-Americanism, 3 real basis of, 347-351 Pearson and Son, 387, 391, 393, 393, 333 Petroleum, Trinidad, 44 See also Oil Platt amendment, 31, 81, 84, 94, 105, 130, 334, 336 Political interests, expanding, 33 Population, American, 341, 343 of Bahamas, 55, 56 of Barbados, 47 of Bermuda, 59 of British Honduras, 60, 61 of Caribbean, 358, 359, 305 weakness of, 306 of Central America, 150 of Colombia, 339, 330, 339 of Costa Rica, 154, 157 of Cuba, 85, 87 of Dominica, 53 of Dominican Republic, 107, 130, 131 of Guatemala, 161 of Haiti, 137, 138, 146 of Honduras, 165, 171, 173 of Jamaica, 36 INDEX Population of Latin America, 343 of Leeward Islands, 53, 54 of Nicaragua, 173, 174 of protectorates, 137, 138 of Porto Rico, 98, 99 of Salvador, 158 of Trinidad, 43 of Turks Islands, 57 of Venezuela, 339, 350 of Windward Islands, 49, 50 Porto Rico, American influence in, 103 coffee of, 100 foreign investment in, 39, 30 foreign trade with, 100-104 fruit trade with, 103 industries of, 100 population of, 98, 99 sugar of, 100 tariffs, 103, 104 tobacco of, 101 Ports, Caribbean, effect of Canal on, 308 Nassau, 55 Panama, 330 Ports of call, Caribbean, 309-313 Potatoes, Bermudan, 59 Products, of Caribbean, 11, 360- 375 See also names of individual coun¬ tries and names of commodi¬ ties, Asphalt, Bananas, Cacao, Cocoanuts, Coffee, Copra, Fruit Trade, Potatoes, Rice, Sugar and Tobacco Property, protection of, 4, 14 Protectorates, 33, 33, 187-193, 306, 337, 339 arguments for and against. 111, 113 Caribbean, 336, 337 character of, 105 Cuba, 81 Dominican Republic, 114, 115, 116, 130, 131 Haiti, 138, 143, 143 Honduras and proposed, 170 Nicaragua, 176, 180 population of, 137, 138 United States and, 31 Public debts, 30, 333-335 Caribbean, 339, 331-333 Central American, 153, 153 Costa Rican, 155 Cuban, 84 of Dominican Republic, 109, 111, 114, 117 excessive, 336 Public debts, forcible collection of, 344-349, 335 Guatemalan, 163, 163 Hague Conference rules on col¬ lection of, 335-336 Honduran, 167, 171 Nicaraguan, 177, 178, 181, 183 of Salvador, 159 Venezuelan, 345, 335 Public order, 7 Pulliam, W. E., 133 Railroads, Central American, 153, 154, 166, 399, 300 Colombian, 340 Venezuelan, 345 Revolutions, South American, 330 Reyes, General R., attempts to settle Panama controversy, 331 Rice, of British Guiana, 63 Caribbean, 358 Costa Rican, 156 Trinidad, 43 Roosevelt, Theodore, attempts to settle Panama controversy, 331-333 on fortification of Panama, 331 Panama Canal and, 199-301 on Panama revolution, 338 Root-Cortes-Arosemena Treaty, 333 Root, Elihu, 170 Roumania, control of oil supply by, 385 Rum, Jamaican, 37 | Russia, control of oil supply by, 385 Salt, Turks Islands, 57, 58 Salvador, foreign trade with, 159- 160 population of, 158 public debt of, 159 relations of, with Guatemala, 159 Samana Bay, 330 San Domingo. See Dominican Re- pubbc Sanitation, in Central America, 13 in Cuba, Porto Rico and the Canal Zone, 13 in Dominican Republic, 113 international importance of, 13, 13 in West Indies, 13 Santo Domingo Improvement Com¬ pany, 110 Sea power, American position in Caribbean and, 315, 316, 319, 333 British, in Caribbean, 314-318 oil supply and, 383-394 378 INDEX Sea power, Panama Canal and, 319- 322 Sisal, Bahamas, 56, 57 South America, stability of, 3 Southerland, Admiral Wm. H. H., 177 Spanish colonies, American interest in, 20 Spanish-American War, effect of, on American naval interests, 217 on the United States, 19 necessity of Isthmian Canal after, 219 Spoils system in Dominican Customs Service, 122 Sponges, Bahaman, 56 St. Lucia, 49, 50 St. Thomas, 321 See also Denmark, West Indies St. Vincent, 49, 50 arrowroot of, 51 Stimson, H. L., on fortifications of Panama, 228 Sugar, 253, 255 of Barbados, 47, 49 of British Guiana, 63 of British India, 263 Caribbean, 260 consumption of, in United States, 274 countries raising cane, 262 Cuban, 89, 91, 93, 94, 262, 300 of Dominican Republic, 30, 112, 301 effect of tariff on, 256 of French West Indies, 69, 71 Haitiap, 133, 134 importance of Caribbean in pro¬ duction of, 262 increasing economic importance of, 261 Jamaican, 37, 38 of Leeward Islands, 54 methods of manufacturing, 261, 300 of Netherlands West Indies, 74 Porto Rican, 100 tariff on, 26 Trinidad, 43 United States, 263 Sugar cane, Grenada, 50 Taft, W. H., attempts to settle Co¬ lombian controversy, 232 on fortification of Panama, 221 Tampico-Tuxpan oil region, 287, 288 Tariffs, 25, 253, 256 Canadian preferential, 45 Tariffs, Caribbean, 25 Cuban, 86 effect of, on Caribbean, 255 on coffee trade, 266 French West Indies and, 69 Porto Rican, 103-104 Trinidad, 43 West Indian, 43, 45 Windward Islands, 50 Tawney, James A., on Fortification of Panama, 222 Tobacco, 255 Cuban, 91, 92 Jamaican, 39 Porto Rican, 101 Tourist travel, Bermuda, 60 Trade. 