None
Auricular conlraction, 217 Auriculo-ventiicular orifice, 197 Auriculo- ventricular valves, 201, 217; demonstration of their action, 232 Auscultation, 245 Automatic nerve centres, 307; use of, 309 Axial skeleton, 26 Axillary artery, 202 Axis cylinder of nerves, 296 Axis vertebra, 32 BACKBONE (see Vertebral coiumn) Ball and socket joint(enarthrosis), 62 Basement membrane, 131 Base of heart, 195 Bathing, 230, 275; proper time for, 276 Beans, nutritive value of, 121 Beef-tea, 77 Beeswax, 118 Beverages, alcoholic, 346 Biceps muscles, definition of, 71 Biceps muscle, 69, 72 Bicuspids (premolars), 136 Bile, 150, 161; action of in fat absorption, 162, 172; uses of, 161 Bile duct, common (ductus com- munis choledochus), 150, 170 Bi-penniform muscles, 71 Bladder, urinary, 263, 278 Blind spot, 324 Blood, action of oxygen on, de- monstration, 259; arterial and venous, 178, 211; changes un- dergone by in the lungs, 257; circulation of, 207; coagulation of, 179; colorless corpuscles of, 179; compared with water, 182; experiments with, 190; flow of in the capillaries and veins, 224; functions of, 174, 175; gases of, 183; histoloey of, 176; hygiene of, 184; quantity of in the body, 185; red corpuscles of, 177; whipped (defibrinated). 181 Blood-plasma, 176 Blood serum, 180, 191; composi- tion of, 182 Blushing, 228 Body, centre of gravity of, 85; chemical composition of, 19; constructive power of, 112; co-operation of the organs of, 279; daily need of foods by, 124; general plan of, 6; levers in the, 80; movements of, 59; oxidations in, 99; oxygen food of, 103; pulleys in, 84; quan- tity of blood in, 185; tempera- ture of, 97; wastes of, 105 Bones, chemical composition of, 54; fractures of, 57; function of, 23; gross structure of, 47; histology of, 51; internal struc- ture of, 49; of cranium, 37; of ear, 331, of face, 37; of lower limb, 28; of pectoral arch, 27; INDEX. Bones (Continued). of pelvic arch, 28; of upper limb, 28; reason that they are hollow, 50; varieties of, 51 Bone-ash, 55 Bone-black (animal charcoal), 55 Bone corpuscles, 54 Bony skeleton, 26; hygiene of, 56 Brachial artery, 202 Brain, 288; dissection of, 299; hygiene of, 311 Bread, composition of, 116; wheaten, superiority of, 120 Breastbone, 27, 34 B right's disease, 266 (foot-note) Bronchi, 235 Bronchitis, 237 Brunner, glands of, 148 Buccal cavity "(See mouth cavity) Butter, 117 Butyrin, 117 CABBAGE, nutritive value of, 121 Caecum, 148, 170 Calcium carbonate, 20, 55 Calcium phosphate, 20, 55, 57 Calcaneum, (heel bone) 42 Calices of kidney, 263,' 278 Canaliculi of bone, 54 Cane sugar, 118 Canine teeth, 136 Capillaries, 195, 204; absence of pulse in, 226; circulation in, 224, 225; demonstration of the action of, 232; pulmonary, 199; systemic, 198 Capsular ligament, 61 Carbohydrates (amyloids), 22, 118: kinds of in the body, 22 Carbonate of lime, 20, 55 Carbon dioxide, as a waste pro- duct, 105 ; demonstration of presence of in expired air, 259; in the blood, 184; per- centage of in unwholesome air, 255; quantity of passed from the lungs in a day, 252; useless as a food, 112 Cardiac impulse (apex beat), 217 Cnrrliac orifice of stomach, 143, 170 Cardiac period, events occurring in a, 217 Carotid arteries, 202 Carpal bones, 28, 51; joints be- tween, 65 Carrots, nutritive value of, 121 Cartilage, articular, 26. 48; cells of, 23; costal, 34; function of, 33; intervertebral, 30, 33 Casein, 21, 117; vegetable, 117 Cells, 15, 17; air, of lungs, 237: cartilage, 23 ; ciliated, of air passages, 236; forms of, 15; nerve, 297; plain muscle, 76: structure of, 15 Cellulose, 116, 164 Cement of teeth, 137 Centres, nerve (see Nerve-cen- tres) Centre of gravity of body, 85 Centrum of vertebrae, 30 Cerebellum, 289; functions of, 306; removal of, 313 Cerebral hemispheres, 289; re- moval of, 312 Cerebro-spinal liquid, 286 Cerebro - spinal nerve system, 284 Cervical enlargement of spinal cord, 287 Cervical vertebrae, 30 Oheese, nutritive value of, 120 Chemical changes in respired air, 251 Chemical composition of albu- mens, 21 ; of bile, 161 ; of blood- serum, 182; of body, 19; of bone, 54; of carbohydrates. Circulation (Con tinned). ries and veins. 224; portal, 208; pulmonary, 208; systemic, 208; diagram of, 209 Circulatory organs, 192; relation of to excretion, 108; diagram of, 194 Circumduction, 63 Circumvallate papillae, 139, 334 Clavicle (collar-bone), 27 Clotting of blood (see Coagula- tion) Coagulation of blood, 179; cause of, 180; experiments ur»on, 190; uses of. 181 Coccyx, 30 Cochlea, 331 Cceliac axis, 202 Coffee, 123 Cold, taking, 229 Collar-bone (clavicle), 27 Colloids, 157 Colon, 149, 170 Colorless blood corpuscles, 179, 190 Columnae earner. 215 Comminuted fracture of bones, 57 Common bile-duct (ductus com- munis choledochus), 150, 170 Compact bone, 49; structure of, 51 Compound fracture of bone, 58 Concha, 330 Condiments as foods, 115 Connective tissue, 24 Conservation of energy, law of, 93; illustrations of, 94 Consonants, classification of, 341 Constructive power of the body, 112 Convolutions of the brain, 290 Cooking, 123 Co-ordination, 281; centre of, 306 Corium (cutis vera, dermis), 268; papillae of, 270 Corn, nutritive value of, 121 Cornea, 321 Coronary arteries, 199, 202, 213 Coronary sinus, 214 Coronary veins, 200, 213 Corpus Arantii, 214 Corpuscles of blood, 176, 190 Costal cartilage, 34 Costal respiration, 246 Cranial nerves, 290; sutures, 38 Cranium, bones of, 37 Cricoid cartilage, 338 Crystalline lens, 325 Crypts of Licberkiihn, 148 Cuticle (epidermis), 266 DEATH, from star vat ion. 98; from alcohol, 347, 352, 353; from chloral, 363; from opium or morphia, 361 Death-stiffening (rigor mortis), 74 Defibrinated blood," 181 [355 Degeneration, fatty, 354; fibrous, Deglutition (see Swallowing) Delirium tremens, 352 Denting '136 Dermis (see Corium) Dialysis (osmosis), 186 Diaphragm (midriff), 11, 242; de- monstration of, 248 Diarrhoea, 229 Diet, advantages of a mixed, 125 Digestion, 107, 128; gastric, 157, 171; influence of saliva in, 154; intestinal, 163; object of, 152 Dipsomania, 353 Disassimilation, 108 Diseases due to alcohol, 350; to chloral, 362; to morphia or opi- um, 360; to tobacco, 363 Dislocations, 65; reduction of, 66 Division of labor, physiological, 17 Dorsal (neural) cavity, 7, 31 ; con- tents of, 9, 13 Dorsal vertebrae, 30 Duct of glands, 131 Duct, common bile, 150, 170; cys- tic, 150; hepatic, 150; of parotid "•land, 169; of submaxillary gland, 169 Dura mater, 285 Dyspepsia, 164 EAR, 330 Efferent (motor) nerves, 805 Eggs, nutritive value of, 120 Egg-albumen, 21, 117 Eighth pair cranial (auditory/ nerves, 393 INDEX. 869 Elasticity of the arteries, 226, 232; of the lungs, 238 Elastic tissue, 164 Elbow joint, 65, 70 Elements found in the body, 20 (foot-note) Eleventh pair cranial (spinal ac- cessory) nerves, 293 Emmetropic eye, 327 Emulsion, 160 Enamel, 136 Endolymph, 331 Endoskeleton, 23 (foot-note) Energy, 93, 101; chief forms of expended by the body, 10.1; conservation of, 93, 101; liber- ation of by oxidations at low temperature, 104; source of in the body, 95 Epidermis, 266 Epiglottis, 142, 338 Ethmoid bone, 37 Eustachiau tube, 141, 330 Excretion and reception, inter- mediate steps between, 106 Excretions, removal of, 108 Excretory organs, 106 Exercise, 90 Exoskeletou. 23 (foot-note) Expiration, 242, 244 Extension at joints, 63 Extensor muscles, 80 External auditory meatus, 330 Extracts of meat, 78 Eye, action of alcohol on, 358; accommodation xf, 326; hy- giene of, 328 Eyeball, anatomy of, 321 Eyelashes, 318 Eyelids, 318 Eye-socket, 318 FACE, bones of, 37 Facial nerve, 293 Fasciculi of muscles, 73 Fatty acids. 117 Fats (hydrocarbons), 21, 117; ab- sorption of, 162; action of bile on, 161, 172; of gastric juice on, 157; of pancreatic secretion on, 160, 172; as a reserve Fats (Continued). food, 98, 102; emulsifying of, 160, 163; kinds of in body, 21 Fauces, 141; isthmus of the, 133, 155; pillars of the, 141 Femoral artery, 204 Femur, 28 Fibres, 16 ; plain muscle, 76; striped muscle, 74 Fibrillse, 74 Fibrin, 21, 180 Fibula (peroneal bone), 28, 51 Fifth pair cranial (trigeminal) nerves, 292 Filiform papillae, 139, 334 Flexion at joints, 63 Flexor muscles, 80 Food, amount of required daily, 124; as a force generator, 115; as a force regulator, 115; as a machinery former, 114; as a tissue former, 110; composi- tion of, 111; cooking of, 123; definition of, 114; inorganic, 118; is alcohol a food, 121, 343; need of, 95, 97; non oxi- dizable, 113; nutritive value of different, 119; special im- portance of albuminous, 111; supply of animal, 112 Food-stuffs (see Alimentary prin- ciples) Foot, skeleton of. 29; peculiari- ties of human, 45 Foramen, inter vertebral, 32; magnum, 37; oval, 331 Force-generating foods, 115 Force-regulating foods, 115 Forearm, movements of, 64, 70 Fore limb (see Upper-limb) Fossa, gleuoid, 63 Fourth pair cranial (pathetic!) nerves, 292 Fractures of bones, 57 Free (floating) ribs, 34 Frog's web, circulation in, 224 Frontal bone, 37 Fruits, nutritive value of, 121 Fundus of stomach, 170 Fungiform papillae, 139, 334 Furred tongue, 140 370 INDEX. GALL, (see Bile) Gall bladder, 150 Games, use of, 92 Ganglia, 284; Gasserian, 292; spinal, 287; sympathetic, 294 Gases of the blood, 183 Gasserian ganglion^ 292 Gastric digestion, 157; experi- ments illustrating, 171 Gastric glands, 144 Gastric juice, 144, 156; artificial, 171 Gelatine, 55, 117 Gelatin ization, stage of in coagu- lation, 179 Glands, 129; forms of, 131; gas- tric, 144; kinds of, 129; lachry- mal, 319; mammary, 11; mei- bomian, 318; of Brunuer, 148; of skin, 272; of small intes- tine, 148; salivary, 140, 169 Glenoid fossa, 63 Gliding joints (arthrodia), 65 Glosso-pharyngeal nerves, 293 Glottis, 335 Glucose (grape sugar), 22, 118; conversion of starch fnto, 153 Gluten, 117, 120 Glycerine, 21, 117 Glycocholic acid, 161 Glycogen, 22, 118. 151, 167 Grape sugar (see Glucose) Gray nerve fibres, 296 Gullet (see (Esophagur) Gums, 118, 134 HABITS, 309 Haemal cavi ty (see Yen tral cavity) Haemoglobin, 178, 210, 258 Hairs, 270 Hair-follicle, 271 Hand, skeleton of, 28 Hard palate, 133 Haversian canals, 52 Haversian system, 53 Hearing, 329 Heart, 9; action of alcohol on, 349, 357; beat of, 216; cavi- ties of, 197; dissection of, 210; experiments upon, 230; position of, 195; how nour- ished, 199; muscle of, 76; pal- Heart (Continued). pitation of, 144; sounds of, 220; vessels connected with, 198; work done by daily, 221 Heat of body, source of, 96; in- fluence of starvation upon, 97 Hepatic artery, 150 Hepatic duct, 150 Hepatic veins, 209, 212 Hibernation, 98 (foot-note) High heels, bad effects of, 56 Hilus of kidney, 263, 278 Hind limb (see Lower limb) Hinge joints (giuglymi),63 Hip-joint, 28, 60 Histology, definition of, 2; of blood, 176; of bone, 51; of kidneys, 265; of lungs, 237; of lymph, 189; of muscle, 74; of nerve cells, 297; of nerve fibres, 296; of retina, 321; of skin, 266 Hollow veins (see Venae cavae) Human anatomy, definition of, 2, 17 Human physiology, definition of, 1, 2, 17 Humerus, 28, 47 Hunger, 316 Hydrocarbons (see Fats) Hydrochloric acid, 20, 157 Hygiene, definition of, 1, 2; of blood, 184; of bony skeleton, 56; of brain, 311; of eyes, 328; of muscles, 89; of respiration, 245, 254; of skin, 274; of teeth, 137 Hyoid bone, 26 Hypermetropia, 328 Hypoglossal nerves, 293 ILEO-COLTC valve, 149 Ileum, 145 Iliac arteries, 204 Incisors, 135 Incus (anvil bone), 331 Indigestible substances, 164 Inferior maxillarv bone (mandU ble), 37 Inferior maxillary nerve, 292 Inferior turbinate bone, 38, 333 Innominate artery, 202 INDEX. 371 Innominate bone (os innomina- tum or pelvic bone), 28, 60 Inorganic constituents of the body, 20 Inorganic foods, 118 Insertion of muscles, 70 Inspiration, 242, 244 Intercellular substance, 16, 23 Internal ear (labyrinth), 331 Intervertebralforamiua,32; discs, 30, 33 Intestinal digestion, 163 Intestinal juice (succus enteri- cus), 163 Intestines, digestion in, 163; large, 148 (see Large intestine); small, 145 (see Small intestine) Invertebrate animals, character- istics of, 8 Involuntary muscles, 75 Iris, 321 Isthmus of the fauces, 133, 155 JEJUNUM, 145 Joint, ankle, 83; elbow, 65, 70; hio, 28, 60; knee, 63; shoulder, 42^ 63 Joints, 25; ball and socket, 62; general structure of, 60; glid- ing, 65; hinge, 63; pivot, 64; movements at, 63 KIDNEYS, 9, 261, 278; action of alcohol on, 355, 357 ; gross anatomy of, 263; histology of, 265; secretion of, 266 Knee-cap (patella), 29 Knee-joint, 63 LABOR, physiological division of, 17 Labyrinth (internal ear), 331 Lachrymal apparatus, 319 Lachrymal bones, 38 Lacteals, 147, 168, 188 Lactose (milk sugar), 22, 118 Lacunae of bone, 54 Lamellae of bone, 53 Large intestine, 133, 148; absorp- tion from, 168 Larynx, 235, 337; muscles of. 389 Log, skeleton of, 28 Levers in the body, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 Lieberkuhn, crypts of, 148 Liebig's extract of meat, 78 Ligaments, 24, 61; capsular, 61; round, 61 ; transverse, of atlas 32, 64 Light, action of, on the retina, 323, 325 Limbs, comparison of upper and lower, 38; general structure of, 10 Liver, 149; action of alcohol on, 357; functions of, 151 Localization of skin-sensations, 332 Local sign, 332 Locomotion, 86 Long bones, 51 Long sight (hypermetropia), 328 Lower jaw, bone of, 37; move- ments of, 64 Lower limb, comparison of up- per and, 38; peculiarities of, in man, 45; skeleton of, 28 Lumbar enlargement of spinal cord, 287 Lumbar vertebrae, 30 Lungs, 8, 106. 237; action of al- cohol on, 357; changes under- gone by blood in, 257; de- monstration of the action of, 248; dissection of, 247; elas- ticity of, 238; expansion of, 239; quantity of CO3 passed out from, in a day, 252; quantity of O taken up by, in a day, 252; renewal of air in, 240 Lunula of nails, 271 Lymph, 186; chemistry of, 189; histology of, 189; renewal of, 187 Lymphatics of small intestine, 147 Lymphatic vessels (absorbents), 188 MALAR bone, 38 Malleus (hammer) bone, 331 Malpighi, pyramids of, 264. Man, as a vertebrate animal, 7 13; place of, among vertebrates, 11, 13 Mandible (inferior maxillary bone), 37 Margarin, 117 Marrow, 49, 50; red, 50 Maxilla (superior maxillary bone), 38 Meat extracts, 78 Meats, cooking of, 134; nutritive value of, 119 Medulla oblougata, 289 Medullary cavity of bone, 49, 51 Medullary sheath of nerves, 296 Meibomian follicles, 318 Membranes of the brain and spinal cord, 285 Mesenteric arteries, 202 Mesentery, 170 Metacarpal bones, 28, 51 Metatarsal bones, 29, 51 Microscopic anatomy (see His- tology) Midriff (see Diaphragm) Milk, as a food, 57; nutritive value of, 120; sugar (lactose), 22, 118; teeth, 135 Mitral valve, 201, 215 Molar teeth, 136 Moral deterioration due to alco- hol, 361 Morphia, 361 Motor (efferent) nerves, 305 Motores oculi i>erves, 291 Mouth-cavity, 133; absorption from, 166 Movements, at joints, 63; of the body, how effected, 59; in space, 86 Mucin, 164 Mucous coat, small intestine, 146 Mucous membrane, of air-pas- sages, 236; of alimentary canal, 128 Mumps, 140 Muscles, 59, 67; chemical com- positioi of, 77; contraction of, 69; gross structure of, 73; his- tology of, 74; how controlled, 72; hygiene of, 89; of arteries, 228; of heart, 76; af larynx. Muscles (Continued). 339; of small intestine, 148; of stomach, 144; origin and in- sertion of, 70; papillary, 201. 214, 219; parts of, 67; rectus abdominis, 72; special physi- ology of, 80; varieties of, 71 Muscular fibres, 74 Muscular tissue, striped, 73; plain, 74 Muscular work, influence of starvation upon, 97; source, 93 Mustard, use of, as a food, 115 Myopia, 327 Myosin, 21, 77, 117 NAILS, 271 Narcotics, 343 Nares, posterior, 38 Nasal bones, 38 Nerves, cranial, 290; kinds of, 294; spinal, 287 Nerves, inferior maxillary, 292; ophthalmic, 292; right phrenic, 212; sciatic, 299; superior max- illary, 292; sympathetic, 294 Nerve- eel Is, 297 Nerve-centres. 282, 284; classifi- cation of, 305; functions of, 304 Nerve-fibres, afferent and effe- rent, 305; kinds of, 295 Nerve-ganglia, 284 Nerve-trunks, 382; functions of, 304 Nervous system, anatomy of, 282; properties of, 301, 312 Neural arch, 31 Neural cavity (see Dorsal cav- ity) Nicotin, 363 Ninth pair cranial (glosso pha ryngeal) nerves, 293 Nitrogen-excreting orgnns, gene- ral arrangement of, 26' Non-oxidizable foods, 113 Non-vascular tissues, 175 Nucleolus, 15 Nucleus, 15 Nutrition, 109 Nutritive value of different foods, 119 INDEX. 373 OCCIPITAL bones, 37; condyles, 33 Odontoid (tooth-like) process of the axis, 32, 64 Odorous substances, 333 (Esophagus (gullet), 8. 133, 142, 169; absorption from, 166 Oils (see Fats) Oil glands (sebaceous - glands), 273 Oleic acid, 21 Oleine, 21, 117 Olfactory lobes, 289 Olfactory nerves, 290 Omentum, 13, 170 Ophthalmic nerves, 292 Opium, 359 Optic commissures, 291 Optic nerves, 290, 317 Organ, definition of, 4; circula- tory, 107, 192, 194; digestive, 107, 128; nilrogen excreting, 261; of hearing, 329; of sight, 317; of smell, 333; of taste, 334, of temperature sense, 833; of touch, 331; receptive and ex- cretory, 105; respiratory, 108, 233 Organic constituents of the body, 20 Organs diseased by alcohol, 356 Origin and insertion of muscles, 70 Osinnominatum (see Innominate bone) Osmosis, 186 Oval foramen, 331 Oxidations in the body, 99 Oxidations, 99, 100 Oxygen, absorption of from the lungs, 258; iii the blood, 184; influence of on the color of the blood, 259; quantity of taken up by the lungs in a day, 252 Oxygen food of the body, 103 Oxyhgemoglobin, 258 PALATE, 133 Palate bones, 38 Palmitic acid, 21 Palmitin, 21, 117 Palpitation of the heart, 144 Pancreas, 151, 170 Pancreatic secretion, 159; action of on food-stuffs, 160, 172 Papillae of the dermis, 270 Papillae of the tongue, 139 Papillary muscles, 201, 214; use of the, 219 Parietal bones, 37 Parotid gland, 140, 169 Patella (knee-cap), 29 Pathetic! nerves, 292 Peas, nutritive value of, 121 Pectoral arch or girdle, 27; com- parison of pectoral and pelvic girdles, 38 Pedicle of vetebrae, 32 Pelvic arch or girdle, 28; com- parison of pectoral and pelvic girdles, 38 Pelvis, 28, 45 Pelvis of kidney, 263 Peuniform muscles, 71 Pericarditis, 196 Pericardium, 195, 212 Peri lymph, 331 Perimysium, 73 Periosteum, 47, 51 Permanent teeth, 135 Peroneal artery, 204 Perspiration, 272 Pepper, use of as a food, 115 Pepsin, 157 Peptones, 157; absorption of, 167 Phalanges of finders, 28, 51; of toes, 29, 51 Pharynx, 133, 141; absorption from, 166 Phosphate of lime, 20, 55, 57 Phrenic nerve, 212 Physiological division of labor, 17 Physiology, human, definition of. 1. 2, 17 Physiology of muscle, special and general, 80 Pia mater, 285 Pillars of the fauces, 141 Pivot joints, 64 Plain muscular tissue, 74 Plants, as food for animals, 112 374 INDEX. Pleura, 238 Pleurisy, 238 Pneumogastric nerve, 293 Poison, definition of, 116 Polygastric muscles, 72 PODS varolii, 289 Popliteal artery, 204 Pork, nutritive value of, 119 Portal circulation, 208 Portal vein, 150, 170, 208 Posterior nares, 38 Potatoes, nutritive value of, 121 Premolars (bi-cuspids), 186 Primitive sheath of nerves, 296 Promition, 65 Proteid alimentary principles, 117 Proteid substances (see Albumin- ous substances) Psychic nerve centres, 305 Pulleys in the body, 84 Pulmonary artery, 199, 212 Pulmonary circulation, 192, 208 Pulmonary veins, 199, 212 Pulp cavity of tooth, 136 Pulse, 222; disappearance of in capillaries and veins, 226; hard and soft, 223; rate of, 223 Pupil, 321 Pus, 179 Pyloric orifice of stomach, 143, 170 Pyloric sphincter, 144, 157, 158 Pyramids of Malpighi, 264, 278 Racemose (acinous) glands, 129, 131 Radial artery, 202, 222 Radius, 28, 51 Receptive organs of the body, 105 Reception and excretion, inter- mediate steps between, 106 Rectum, 149, 170 Rectus abdominis muscle, 72 Red blood corpuscles, composi- tion of, 183; function of, 178, 259; of man, 177, 190; of other animals, 177 Red -marrow, 50 Reduced haemoglobin, 210 Reducing dislocations, 66 Reflex centres, 308; experiments showing action of, 313; use of, 309 Refracting media of the eye, 325 Renal arteries, 202, 261 Renal secretion (urine), 266 Renal veins, 261 Respiration, 108; abdominal, 246; chemistry of, 250; costal, 246; experiments in, 248, 259; hy- giene of, 245, 254; object of, 233 Respiratory organs, 108; anat- omy of, 233 Respiratory sounds or murmurs, 245 Retina, 317; histology of, 321 Ribs, 26, 34; action of in respira- tion, 244 Rice, nutritive value of, 121 Right phrenic nerve, 212 Rotation at joints, 63 Round ligament, 61 Running, 89 SACRUM, 30, 34 Saliva, 152, chemical action of, 153, 171 ; influence of in diges- tion, 154; uses of, 152 Salivary glands, 140, 169 Salt, as a constituent of the body, 20, importance of as food, 118 Sarcolemma, 74 Scapula (shoulder-blade), 27, 51 Sciatic nerve, 299 Sclerotic, 321 Sebaceous glands (oil glands), 273 Sebaceous secretion, 274 Secretion, of gastric glands, 144, 156; of glands of small inlcs- tine, 163; of kidneys, 266; of lachrymal gland, 319; of liver, 150, 161 (see bile); of meibomi- an follicles, 318; of pancreas, 159 (see Pancreatic secretion); of salivary glands, 152 (see Saliva); of sebaceous glands, 274; of sweat glands, 272 Semicircular canals, 331 Semilunar valves, 201, 218; dem- onstration of action of, 231 Semivowels, 341 INDEX. 37g Sensations, 314; common, 315; localization of skin, 332 Senses, special, 316 Sensory (afferent) nerves, 305 Septum of heart, 197, 213 Serum (see Blood serum) Serum albumen, 21, 113; coagu- lation of, 183, 191 Seventh pair cranial (facial) nerves, 293 Shaft of bones, 48 Short bones, 51 Short sight (myopia), 327 Shoulder girdle(see Pectoral arch) Shoulder joint. 42, 63 Shower baths, 277 Sight, sensation of, 317; organ of, 317 Sigmoid flexure, 149 Simple fracture of bones, 57 Sinuses of Valsalva, 215 Sixth pair cranial (abducentes) nerves, 292 Skeleton, append icular, 27; axi- al, 26; composition of. 23; of cranium, 37; of face, 37; of lower limb, 28; of upper limb, 28; peculiarities of human, 43 Skin, 266; action of alcohol on, 35G; as a sense-organ, 274: glands of, 272; histology of, 266; hygiene of, 274; Vensa. tions, localization of, 332 Skull. 26, 35; peculiarities in the position of, 43 Small intestine, 133. 145, 170; absorption from, 167; glands of, 148; lymphatics of, 147; mucous coat of, 146; muscular coat of, 148; villi of, 146 Smell, 333 Sounds of the heart, 220 Sounds, respiratory, 245 Sound waves, action of on the ear, 331 Special physiology of muscles, 80 Speech, 336 Sphenoid bone, 37 Spinal accessory nerves, 293 Spinal cord, 9, 286; dissection of, 299 Spinal ganglia, 287 Spinal nerves, 287 Spine (see Vertebral column) Spinous process of vertebras (neural spine), 31 Spleen, 170 Spongy (cancellated) bone, 49 Sprains, 66 Standing, 84 Stapes (stirrup bone), 331 Starch, 118; action of bile on, 161; of gastric juice on, 157; of pancreatic secretion on, 159, 172; of saliva on, 153, 171; sol- uble, 124 Starvation, death from, 98; in- fluence of on muscular work and animal heat, 97 Stearic acid, 21 Stearin, 21, 117 Sternum (breast bone), 27, 34 Stimulants. 115, 122, 343 Stomach, 8 143, 170; absorption from, 167; action of alcohol on, 350, 356; digestion in, 157, 171; glands of, 144; muscular coat of, 144 Striped muscular tissue, 73, 74 Sub-clavian artery, 202 Sub lingual gland, 141, 169 Sub-maxillary gland, 140, 169 Succus entericus (intestinal juice), 163 Sudoriparous glands (sweat- glands), 131, 272 Suffocation, 104, 253 Sugar, cane, 118; grape (see Grape-sugar) Sugar of milk (lactose), 22. 118 Superior maxillary bone, 38 Superior maxillary nerve, 292 Supination, 64 Swallowing (deglutition), 154; as a reflex action, 309 Sweat. 272 Sweat (sudoriparous) glands, 131, 272 Sweetbread (see Pancreas) Sympathetic nerve centres, 9, 12, 284; ganglia of, 293 Synovial fluid, 61 Synovial membrane, 61 Syntonin, 77, 117 Systemic circulation, 192, 208 Systole of heart-beat, 216 TABULAR bones. 51 Tarsal bones, 29, 51; joints be- tween, 65 Tarsus, benefits of peculiar structure of, 45 Taste, 334 Taurocliolic acid, 161 Tea, 123 Tears, 319 Teeth, characteristics of indi- vidual, 135; general structure of, 134; hygiene of, 137; kinds of, 134 Temperature changes in respired air, 251, 259 Temperature of the body, 96; regulation of, 97: regulation by means of sweat glands, 274 (foot-note) Temperature sense. 333 Temporal artery, 222 Temporal bone, 37 Tendons, 24, 67. 170,208; pulmonary, 199, 212; renal, 261 Vegetable casein, 117 Venae cavse (hollow veins), 199, 212 Venous blood, 178, 211 Ventilation. 253; methods of, 256 Ventral (haemal) cavity, 6; con- tents of, 8, 13 Ventricles, 197 Ventricular contraction, 218 Vermiform appendix, 148 Vertebrae, 30, 51; structure of, 30 Vertebral column, (spine, back- bone), 7, 26, 30. 34, curvatures of, 33; mechanism of, 33; pecu- liarities of human, 44 "Vertebrate animals, characteris- tics of, 7; classification of, 11 (foot-note) Vestibule of ear, 331 Villi of small intestine, 146, 170 Visual apparatus, 317 Visual centre, 317 Visual purple, 323 Vitreous humor, 325 Vocal cords, 338 Voice, 335; range of human, 340 Voluntary muscles, 75 (see also foot-note) Vomer, 37 Vowels, 340 WALKING, 87 Warm baths, 277 Wastes of the body, 105; removal of, 175 Water, as a constituent of the body, 20; as a food, 113, 118; as a force regulator, 115; as a waste product, 105; quantity of lost through the kidneys, 266; through the lungs, 251; through the skin, 273 Wheat, nutritive valve of, 120 Whipped (defibrinated) blood, 181 White blood corpuscles. 179, 190 White nerve fibres, 295 Windpipe (see Trachea) Wisdom teeth, 135 Work, daily, of heart, 221; in- fluence of starvation upon muscular, 97; power of the body to do, 93 RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT TO— ^ 202 Main Library LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date. 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