None
Injuries due to, 282 Autcecious parasites, 154, 176 Bacillus Olea tuberculosis, 38 Bacteria, 37 Bacteriosis, 37 Bacterium Hyacinthi, 37 Barberry, Parasite of the, 25, 155 in relation to wheat-rust, 9, 49, 155 Bark, 226 " Bark-drought," 295 Scorching by sun, 268, 269, 283, 294 Barking by Cattle, &c., 244 Game, 241 Barley, Puccinia striaeformis on, 156 Ustilago Carbo on, 68 Bary's, de. Work, Value of, 3 Basidia, Abscission of spores by, 44 Basidiomycetes, 57, 153 Beans, Dematophora necatrix on, 83 Beech, Dematophora necatrix on, 83 Erysiphe guttata on, 70 Green-rot of, 42 Hydnum diversidens on, 202 Nectria ditissima on, 92 Peziza aeruginosa on, 224 Polyporus fomentarius on, 206 Sphaerella on, SS Trametes radiciperda on, 186 Tuber on, 71 Wood-balls, or Spheroblasts, on, 239 Seedlings, Disease of, 58 Beef-steak fungus, 206 Beet, Dematophora necatrix on, 83 iPeziza Sclerotiorum on, 130 Beetles in wood and bark, 219 Betula, Erysiphe guttata on, 77 Exoascus on, 133 Melampsora on, 171 New parasite of, 147 Peziza aeruginosa on, 224 Polyporus on, 206 Trametes radiciperda on, 186 Birch, see Betula Bird Cherry, see Pnmus Padus "resin," 175 Bird's Nest, Yellow, see Monotropa Hypopitys Black knot, 103 Rot of Vine, 103 Blanc de racines, 82 Blanquet, 82 Blight of apple- and pear-trees, 38 pines, III Blister of larch, 117 pine, 172 Blotches, Disease, SS Borago, ^Ccidium asperifolii on, 1 56- Botrytis cinerea, 130 Douglasii, 130 Bramble, Parasite of the, 25 rust, 156 Brands, 68 Brood-cell, 44 Brownness of conifer leaves, 1 1 1 Buckwheat, see Fagopyrum Buds, Adventitious, 238 Preventitious, 238 Bunt, 68 Byssothecium circinnans, 82 Cabbages, Club-root of, 39 Caeoma Abietis pectinatae, 184 Evonymi, 171 Laricis, 166, 169 Mercurialis, 166 pinitorquum, 166 in regard to moisture, 46 Ribesii, 171 Calluna, Dodder on, 34 Callus, Formation of, 226, 229 on the stools of conifers, 262 Calyptospora without effect on old tissues, 51 Goeppertiana, 161 " Cambium, Wound-," 231 Canker due to frost, 293 Nectria ditissima, 92 soil, 129 on larch, 117 pine, 172 silver fir, 179 Cap fungi, 184 Carbonic Acid gas. Injurious effects of, 281 Carpinus, see Hornbeam Carrot, Peziza Sclerotiorum on, 130 Castanea vesca, Loranthus europaeus on, 30 Rhizina undulata on, 126 Caterpillars, Surface, 147 Ceratostoma piliferum, 224 INDEX 321 Cercospora acerina, 135 a facultative parasite, 47 Resting-m>xelium of, 43 Cereals, Puccinia coronata on, 1 56 Rust of, 155 Champignon blanc, 82 Chermes abietis, 144 Fagi, 96 Laricis, 118, 169 Cherry, Black-knot of, 103 Gnomonia on, 88 Valsa on, 88 Bird, see Prunus Padus Wild, see Prunus avium Chestnut, Horse, Nectria cinnabarina on, 96 Spanish, see Castanea vesca Chlorine, Effects of, on vegetation, 302 Chrysomyxa, 175 abietis, 13, 153, I75» I77 Ledi, 49, '79 Rhododendri, 9, 49, 177 Chytridiaceae, 57 Cinchona bark, Cultivation of, 230 Clarkia seedlings, Disease of, 58 Claviceps purpurea, 98 Sclerotia of, 43 Clematis vitalba, C«oma on, 166 Climatic predisposition to disease, 10 Clover, Dodder on, 34 Peziza ciborioides on, 130 Red, Orobanche minor on, 25 Club-root, 39 Coal-brand, 68 Smoke, 300 Cockchafer grubs, 147, 264 Coleophora laricella, 1 17 Coleosporium Euphrasiae, 172 Senecionis, 153, 172 Tussilaginis, 172 Conidium, 45 Conifers, Agaricus melleus on, 207 Hysterium on, 107 Mycelium on the roots of, 71 Polyporus Hartigii on, 194 vaporarius on, 198 Rhizina undulata on, 123 Seedlings, Disease of, 58 Withering of the leaves of, 112 Coniothyrium diplodiella, 103 Coppicing, 261 Cork, 226 « Wound,'* 227 Cortex, 225 Roots, 26 Corticiim amorphum, 117 Corylus, see Hazel Cow-wheat, see Melampyrum Cowberr>', see Vaccinium Cracks, Frost, 284 Sun, 283, 294, 297 Crataegus, Erysiphe guttata on, 70 Exoascus bullatus on, 133 Raestelia lacerata on, 1 58 Witches' brooms on, 133 Crickets, 147 Cronartium, 172 asclepiadeum, 175 rubicula, 175 Crucifers, white-rust of, 66 Cryptogams, 35 Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 1 5 1 Cucurbitaria Labumi, 89 morbosa, 102 Sorbi, 88 Cupressinoxylon, Agaricus on, 207 Cupuliferae, Mycelium on roots of, 71 Cuscuta Epilinum, 34 Epithymum, 34 europaea, 34 Cuscuteae, 33, 34 Cynips, 186 Cystopus candidus, 66 Cytisus Laburnum, Cucurbitaria on, ^7 Daedalea quercina, 206 Damping off of seedlings known to early writers, i Deadening material, 217 Death due to external causes, 7 frost, 287 internal causes, 6 of animals, 6 plants, cause of, 6 Natural and accidental, 6 Natural, discussed, 6 Debility of old age as a factor of disease, 7, 8, 11 Deer, Fallow, Barking by, 241 Red, „ 241 Roe, „ 241 Defoliation by insects, 268 Demarcation, Line of, between scion and stock, 267 Dematophora necatrix, 43, 82 an example of mycelial infection, 48 Development dependent on variation, Didymosphaeria populina, 104 Y 322 INDEX Discomycetes, 69, 105 Protection of sporophores of, against drought, 45 Disease-blotches, 88 Disease, Causes of, 4, 20 determined by two factors, 8, 9 Investigation of, 16 and sickliness distinguished, 5 Diseases classified, 8 due to soil, 270 Dodder, see Cuscuta DogAvood, Nectria ditissima on, 92 Dormant eyes, 239 Draining, Effects of excessive, on alders, 270 Drawn shoots, 298 Drought, Effects of, on cereals, 272 Leaves of conifers injured by, 1 1 1 of Bark, 294 Dry-rot, 214 fungus, 219 see also Merulius lacrymans Duramen, 33, 44 Dust-brand, 68 Echium, ^cidium asperifolii on, 1 56 Egg-spores of Peronosporeae, 58 Elseagnea?, Tubercles on the roots of, 39 Elaphomyces granulatus, 7 1 Elm, Exoascus on, 135 Endophyte defined, 42 Endophytes, Mode of attack of, 50 Engrafting, 228 Entomology, Forest, an old study, 2 Entomophthoreae, 57 Enzyme, n, 50 Epicormic branches, 238, 253, 271 Epidermis, 225 Epiphyte defined, 42 Epiphytes, Mode of attack of, 50 Ergot, see Claviceps purpurea Erysiphe, see also Mildew Epiphytic character of, 42 adunca, 70 bicomis, 70 guttata, 70 pannosa, 70 Tulasnei, 70 Erysipheae, 69, 70 Etiolation, 298 Euphrasia, a partial parasite, 24 Even-aged woods specially liable to disease, i Evonymus, Caeoma on, 171 Exoascus, 131 alnitorquus, 133 aureus, 135 Exoascus Betulae, 135 borealis, 133 bullatus, 133 carnea, 135 Carpini, 135 caerulescens, 135 deformans, 132 epiphyllus, 133 flavus, 133 Instititiae, 133 Pruni, 131 Sadebeckii, 133 turgidus, 133 Ulmi, 135 Wiesneri, 132 Exobasidium Vaccinii, 185 Exotics, Acclimatization of, 288 Experiments in infection, 17, 18, 19, 20 Eye-bright, a partial parasite, 24 Factories, Refuse of, 281 Facultative parasites, 47 saprophytes, 47 Fagopyrum seedlings. 161 elatinum on, 179 Caeoma on, 184 Columnar rust of, 161, 184 Hysterium macrosporum on, 109 ner\'isequium on, 108 Nectria Cucurbitula on, 89 Pestalozzia Hartigii on, 136 Phoma abietina on, 138 Rhizina undulata on, 125 Trichosphatria parasitica on, 72 in connection with adventitious buds, 262 Fire, Effects of, 300 Fistulina hepatica, 206 Flower-pots, Failure of plants in glazed, 279 Fly wood, 205 Frank's work, 4 Fraxinus, see Ash INDEX 323 Frost, Action of, 282 Causes of, 284 Death due to, 287 Leaves of conifers injured by, 112 Shedding of leaves owing to, 286 Transplanting favours injury by, 14, 15 Frost-beds, 10 canker, 293 cracks, 284 " Rib," 285 Fruit - trees, Dematophora necatrix on, 82 Fungi, 40 Biolog)' of, 45 Classification of, 57 Heat requirements of, 46 Importance of moisture for, 46 may attack uninjured plants, 50 enter only through a wound, 50 Fungus, Beef-steak, 206 House, see Merulius lacr>'mans Fusicladium Tremulae, 105 Fusidium, 141 candidum, 94 Gales, Damage due to, 299 Galium, Dodder on, 34 Game, Barking by, 241, 249 Gas, Coal, Effects of, 281 Gastropacha pini, 218 Genista, Dodder on, 34 Germ -pore, 159 tube, 40 Germination of seed, 279 Glceosporium ampelophagum, 104 nervisequium, 140 Gnomonia erythrostoma, 88 Gonidia of Peronosporeae, 57 Gonidium defined, 45 Grafting, 265 Wax as a dressing for wounds, 260 Gramineae, Ergot on, 98 Rust of, 155 Grape, see \'^ine Disease, 70 Grapholitha pactolana, 89 Grasses, see Gramineae Green-rot, 42, 224 Growth-borer, Pressler's, 18 in height, how limited, 7 Gymnoasceae, 131 Gymnosporangium, 51, 157 clavariaeforme, 158 conicum (Juniperum), 1 57 Sabinae (fuscum), 1 58 tremelloides, 159 Hail, Effects of, 299 may predispose to disease, 15, 118, 299 Hallier's early work, 4 Hardening of trees, 283 Hares, Barking by, 241 in regard to potato disease, 65 Hartig's, R., chief works, 4 Haustoria of fungi, 42 Peronosporeae, 57 on the roots of Phanerogams, 24,34 Hawthorn, see Crataegus Hazel, Dodder on, 34 Er)'siphe guttata on, 70 Nectria ditissima on, 92 Sphasrella on, 88 Healing in general, 225 Heat-requirements of fungi, 46 Height-growth, how limited, 7 Helotium Willkommii, 117 Hemp, Parasite of, 25 Heredity in relation to disease, 15, 16 Herpotrichia, an example of mycelial infection, 47 nigra, 76 Heteroecious fungi, 49, 154, 176 Honey Agaric, 207 Dew, 98 Honeysuckle, see Lonicera Hop, see Humulus Hornbeam, Exoascus on, 135 Melampsora on, 171 Nectria ditissima on, 92 Hornbeams, Fissures in the cortex of, 272 Host, Watery condition of, favourable to parasites, 13 Active growth of, unfavourable to parasites, 11 House-fungus, see Merulius lacr>Tnans Humulus, Dodder on, 34 Hyacinths, Hyphomyces on, 38 Bacteriosis of, 37 Hydnum diversidens, 202, 258 Mycelial growths of, 42 H)Tnenomycetes, 184 Mycelial growths of, 42 Hyphae, see also Mycelium action on calcium oxalate, 52 Characteristic action of, 52 Septate, 40 Hyphomyces on hyacinths, 38 Hypoderma, 107 Hysterium, 107 Effects of iodine on, 42 resemblance to Rhytisma, 106 Y 2 324 INDEX Hysterium brachysporum, 117 laricinum, 117 macrosporum, 51, 109, 177 nervisequium, 108 Pinastri, no Immersion in water, Effects of, on timber, 214, 215 Individual predisposition to disease, 12 resistance to disease, 8 rate of growth, 22 Infection, Animal agency in, 48 experiments, 17 — 20, 120 by mycelium, 47, 120 spores, 48, 49 Injuries due to fire, 300 Phanerogams, 23 plants, 22 precipitations and gales, 299 Mechanical, 299 Insects, Effects of defoliation by, 218, 268 may predispose to disease,! 5,1 17 Intercellular growth of endophytes, 42 Intermediary growth, 26, 238 tissue, 228, 266 Intracellular growth of endophytes, 42 Ivy, Orobanche on, 25 Juniperus, Gymnosporangium on, 157 Sabina2 on, 158 Herpotrichia nigra on, 76 communis, Gymnosporangium clavariaeforme on, 1 58 conicum on, 157 tremelloides on, 1 59 Oxycedrus, Arceuthobium on, 30 Knots, 250 Kijhn's contributions to plant-path- ology, 3 Laburnum, see Cytisus Laburnum Lachnus exsiccator, 96 Larch, Caeoma on, 166, 169 Hysterium on, 117 Polyporus on, 199, 200 Rhizina undulata on, 125 Aphis, 118 Blister, 117 Disease, 117 in relation to moisture, 46 pure woods, 122 Larix europsea, see Larch Lathraaa, a partial parasite, 24 Lead in smoke, 301 Leaders, Double, Removal of, 261 Leaf-Cast, 113 Leaves, Natural shedding of, 225 Premature withering of, 297 Shedding of, owing to frost, 286 Ledum palustre, Chrysomyxa on, 1 79 Leguminosae, Tubercles on roots of, 39 Letters carved in bark, 246 Lichens on trees, 35 Liebig's discoveries erroneously ap- plied, 2 Life, Prolongation of, by slips, 7 Light, Effects of excessive, 298 restricted, 294, 298 " Lightening " woods. Effects of, 274 Lightning, Effects of, 302 Lime, Nectria cinnabarina on, 96 ditissima on, 92 Sphserella on, 88 Limits of this treatise, 5 Linum usitatissimum. Menziesii, Septoria parasitica on, 146 Sitkasnsis, Rhizina undulata on, 125 Pileus, 35 Pine, Dematophora necatrix on, 82 Elaphomyces granulatus on, 7 1 Hysterium pinastri on, no Nectria Cucurbitula on, 89 New parasite of, 147 Rosette shoots of, 240 Black Austrian, Disease of, 140 Mountain, Herpotrichia nigra on, 76 Pine, Scotch, see Pinus sylvestris Weymouth, see Pinus Strobus Beauty moth, 175 leaf blight, 11 1 twist, 166 in regard to aspens, 9 moisture, 46 Pinus halepensis, Bacterial disease of, 38 Gymnosporangium Sabinae on, 158 rigida in regard to stool-shoots, 262 Strobus, Bark-drought of, 295 Hysterium brachysporum on, 117 Peridermium on, 175 Polyporus Schweinitzii on, 198 Restocking diseased areas with, 116 Rhizina undulata on, 125 Withering of the leaves of, III sylvestris, see also Pine Peridermium Comui on, 175 Polyporus Schweinitzii on, 198 Plant-food in soil, 270 Planting, Deep, 278 Plants, Importance of rejecting weak, 22 Injuries due to, 20 Plasmodiophora Alni, 39 Brassicae, 39 Plasmolysis, 288 Platanus, Glceosporium nervisequium on, 140 Plowrightia morbosa, 102 Plum, see also Prunus Black-knot of, 103 Plums, Mock, Pocket, or Starved, 131 Poa pratensis. Bunt on, 68 Pocket plums, 131 Poisons, Plant, 279, 301 Polyporei, Preventive measures against, 206 Polyporus betulinus, 206 borealis, 42, 55, 196 dryadeus, 201 fomentarius, 206 fulvus, 194 Hartigii, 180, 194 igniarius, 51, 201 laevigatus, 206 mollis, 198 Schweinitzii, 53, 56, 198 INDEX 327 Polyporus sulphureus, 42, 52, 53, 200 vaporarius, 42, 198, 199, 213 Polystigma fulvum, 98 ochraceum, 98 rubrum, 97 Poplar, see also Populus Lombardy,DidymosphzEria on, 104 Populus, Dodder on, 34 Erysiphe adunca on, 70 alba, Exoascus aureus on, 135 nigra, „ „ 135 tremula, „ „ 135 Potato disease, 64 Potatoes, Dematophora necatrix on, 82 Engrafting, 267 Reserve materials in, 40 Resistance of, to disease, 12 Pourridid de la Vigne, 82 Pourriture, 82 Predisposition to disease, 8 Abnormal, 9, 1 5 Climatic, 10 Individual, 12, 13 Induced by hail, 15 conditions of growth, 14 insects, 15 soil, 10 Local, 9 Normal, 9 Seasonal, 11 Temporary, 10 to frost, 14 Pressler's growth-borer, 18 Preventitious buds, 238 Preventive measures against parasites, 54 Progress, Organic, depends on varia- tion, 5 Promycelium of smut-spores, 66 Pruning, 249 of roots, 264 Pninus, Polystigma rubrum on, 97 avium, Agaricus on, 207 Exoascus deformans on, 132 Polystigma ochraceum, 98 Cerasus, E. deformans on, 132 Chamjecerasus, „ 1 32 domestica, Agaricus on, 207 Exoascus deformans on, 132 Pruni on, 131 instititia, Exoascus on, 133 Padus, „ Pruni on, 131 Melampsora on, 171 Nectria ditissima on, 91 Polystig:ma fulvum on, 98 Prunus spinosa. Dodder on, 34 Exoascus Pruni on, 131 Polystigma rubrum on, 98 Valsa on, 88 Pseudo-parasites amongst cryptogams, 35 Pseudotsuga Douglasii, see Fir, Douglas Puccinia Asparagi, 1 56 coronata, 156 graminis, 155 straminis, 156 stri^eformis, 156 " Pugging," 217 Pure woods specially liable to disease, I, II Pycnidium of Cucurbitaria, 88 Pyrenomycetes, 69, 72 Pyrus, see also Apple and Pear Raestelia cancellata on, 1 58 Pythium de Baryanum, 66 Quercus, see also Oak Cerris, Loranthus on, 31 Quickens, see Triticum repens Quinine, 230 Rabbits, Barking by, 241 Red-rot of birch, 206 spruce known to early writers, I Trametes radiciperda, a cause of, 186 "stripe," 215 Rejuvenescence, Annual, of trees, 7 Remedial measures against parasites, 54 Reserve materials m regard to prun- ing, 260 Resin-ducts, 232 flux, 210 glut, 210 leader, 175 top, 175 Resinous degeneration. Early mention of, I saturation of wood,. 234 Resistance to disease. Individual, 7 Resting-mycelium, 43 Rhamnus, ^Ecidium on, 1 56 Rhinantheae as partial parasites, 24 Rhinanthus Crista-galli, a partial para- site, 24 Rhizina undulata, 123 Rhizoctonia violacea, 82 328 INDEX Rhizoctoniae, 43, 48, 78 Rhizoids, 26 Rhizomorphs, 43, 48 Rhododendron, Chrj-somyxa on, 177 Rhododendrons and spruce-leaf blister, 9 Rhytisma acerinum, 70, 105 punctatum, 106 salicinum, 107 Ribes, Cseoma on, 171 Robinia, Polyporus sulphureus on, 200 seedlings, Disease of, 58 Roesleria hypogaea, 83 Raestelia cancellata, 158 comuta, 158 lacerata, 158 Root-fungus of conifers, 123 rot of vine, 82 suckers, 241 Roots, adventitious, 240, 264, 279 Effects of heaping earth on, 278 Injuries to, 264 Natural engrafting of, 262 Rose, Mildew of, 70 Rust of, 1 56 Rosellina quercina, 78 an example of mycelial infection, 48 Effect of iodine on, 42 in relation to water, 12 Mode of attack of, 50 Sclerotia of, 43 Rosette shoots on the pine, 240 Rot, Dry, 214 Green, 42, 224 Red, I, 186, 244 Root, 276 White, 195 Wound, 236, 244, 247, 257, 262, 295 Rubus caesius, Phragmidium mcrassa- tum on, 1 56 fruticosus, Phragmidium incrassa- tum on, 1 56 Idaeus, Phragmidium incrassatum on, 156 Rust, Spruce-leaf blister, 175 of Asparagus,.! 56 Crucifers, White, 66 Larch, 169 Pine, 172 Poplar, 164 Rhododendron, 177 Rose, 156 Spruce, 175 Wheat, 48, 155 Colour of, 40 Rust, Protection against drought of, 45 Fungi, 153 Rye, Puccinia striaeformis on, 1 56 Brand, 68 Sac Fungi, 69 Saffron, Rhizoctonia violacea on, 82 Salix, see also Willow aurita, Rhytisma salicinum on, 107 Caprea, „ „ 107 nigricans, „ „ 107 purpurea, „ „ 107 Saprolegiaceae, 57 Saprophyte, the term defined, 46 Saprophytes, Facultative, 47 Scninzia Alni, 39 Schizomycetes, 37 Sclerotia, 43, 48 Sclerotinia, 129, 130 baccarum, 130 Libertiana, 130 megalospora, 130 Oxycocci, 130 Vaccinii, 130 Scorching of bark by fire, 300 sun, 300 Scrophulariaceae as partial parasites, 24 Sea-water, Effect of, on trees, 20, 280 Seed from stunted pines, 16 Germination of, 44 Importance of care in selecting, 13,22 Seeding, Effects of thick, 299 Seedling beech disease, Early mention of, 58 conifers. Effects of drought on, 112 Parasitic disease of, 147 pines, Caeoma on, 166 Sempervivum seedlings. Disease of, 58 Senecio, Coleosporium on, 172 SeptoglcEum Hartigianum, 141 Septoria parasitica, 143 Sexual generation, 44 processes in fungi, 44 Shake— Bark, Ring, or Heart, 191 Shedding of pine-leaves, 1 1 1 Shoots, Stool, 261, 262 Shortening of branches, 259 Shrinkage of wood due to frost, 284 Sickliness and disease distinguished, 5 Sinkers of Mistletoe, 26 Sirex, 248 Slime Fungi, 39 Slips, 264 may prolong life, 7 Sloe, see Prunus spinosa Smoke, Damage due to, 300 INDEX 329 Smoke, Special liability to injury from, 14 Smut, Formation of spores of, 66 Popular use of the term, 66 of Wheat, how spread, 49, 67 Smuts, Protection of, against drought, 45 Snags of branches, 254, 260 Snow, Damage due to, 299 Soda-fumes, Effects of, 300 Soil-canker, 129 in relation to disease, 10, 270 Solutions in soil. Effects of strong, 279 Soot, Effects of, 300 Sorauer's work, 4 Sorbus, itcidium pencillatum on, 1 59 Melampsora on, 171 Rsestelia cornuta on, 1 58 Aucuparia, Cucurbitaria on, 88 Spear-top, 175 Sphacelia segetum, 99 Sphaceloma ampelinum, 104 Sphaerella, Leaf-blotches due to, 88 Fagi, 88 Fragarise, 88 maculiformis, 88 punctiformis, 88 Sphaeria dr>'ina, 224 Sphaerotheca pannosa, 70 Spheroblasts on the beech, 239 Sporangia of Peronosporese, 57 Spore-mother-cells, 162 Spores, how formed, 43 Germination of, 45 Infection by, 48 Sporidia, 154 of smut, 67 Sporocarp of Basidiomycetes, 153 Sporophore of Fungi, 43 Peronosporeie, 57 Pezizae, 117 Spruce, see also Picea iEcidium abietinum on, 177 coruscans on, 183 Chrysomyxa abietis on, 175 Ledi on, 179 Dematophora necatrix on, 82 Green-rot on, 42, 224 Herpotrichia nigra on, 76 Hysterium macrosporum on, 109 Nectria Cucurbitula on, 89 Parasitic disease of, 147 Pestalozzia Hartigii on, 136 Peziza aeruginosa on, 224 Polyporus borealis on, 196 Trichosphasria parasitica on, 72 Spruce, Withering of leaves of, 1 1 1 cones, iEcidium strobilinum on, 182 conorum Piceaeon, 183 leaf blister, 9, 13, 175 redness, 109 rust, 175 Spruces as a protection against pine- blight, 116 Stag-headed condition, 270 Starved plums, 131 Stem-brand, 68 Stereum hirsutum, 205 Sterigmata, 142 Sticky-brand, 68 Stigmatea, Leaf-blister due to, 88 Alni, 88 Mespili, 88 Stink-brand, 68 Stone-fruit trees. Tulasne's work, 3 Turgescence, 288 Turpentine, Strasburg, 247 Venetian, 247 Twigs, Shedding of, 225 Twitch, see Triticum repens Tyloses, 228, 235, 236 Uncinula Aceris, 70 adunca, 70 Uredineas, 153 as obligative parasites, 46 Uredo linearis, 155 Uredospores, 154 Urine, Effects of, on plants, 281 Urocystis Anemonis, 68 Cepulse, 68 occulta, 68 Viola:, 68 Urtica, Dodder on, 34 Ustilagineae, 57, 66 Ustilago Carbo, 68 destruens, 68 Maydis, 68 Vaccinium, Exobasidium on, 185 Melampsora on, 171 185 Myrtillis, Sclerotinia baccarum on, 130 Oxycoccus, Sclerotinia on, 130 uli^inosum, Sclerotinia megalo- spora on, 130 Vaccinium Vitis Idaea, Effects of Calyptospora on, 51 Melampsora Goeppertiana on, 161 Valsa oxystoma, 151 Prunastri, 88 Variation in relation to development, 5 Possible directions of, 12 probably initiated in the oosphere, Vine, see also Grape Botrytis cinerea on, 1 30 Coniothyrium diplodiella, 103 Dematophora necatrix on, 82 Dodder on, 34 Glceosporium on, 104 Physalopsora Bidwellii on, 103 Mildew, 65 Viscum album, 25 Walnut, Polyporus sulphureus on, 200 Water, Contaminated, Effects of, 281 Salt, Effects of, 280 Stagnant, Effects of, 276 in soil, 270 Weinstockfaule, 82 Wet-rot of potato, 64 Wheat, Bunt of, 68 Puccinia striieformis on, 1 56 Ustilago Carbo on, 68 rust in relation to barberry, 9, 155 White piped wood, 205 rot of birch, 206 conifers, 2 1 1 fir and spruce, 195, 196 oak and beech, 203, 205 vine, 104 Willkomm's pioneer work, 4 Willow, see also Salix Dodder on, 34 Melampsora on, 171 Mildew of, 70 Polyporus sulphureus on, 200 Caspian, Behaviour of, on sandy soil, 265 Wind injuring leaves of conifers, 1 1 1 Witches' brooms, 51 on alder, 133 birch, 135 hawthorn, 133 Prunus, 131 silver fir, 179 Wood, Distinction between dead and living, 46 INDEX 331 Wood, "Wound," 230, 231 balls on the beech, 239 Works, Early, on plant-diseases, 2, 3,4 Wound-rot, 236, 244, 247, 257, 262, 295 Wounds, 225 Agencies that produce, 50 Effects of, on wood, 232 General treatment of, 237 Natural, 225 Ring, 249 Varieties of, 241 Wounds, due to crushing, 246 resin-collecting, 247 predispose to disease, 1 5 Wurzelpilz, 82 Yellow-piped wood, 205 Rattle, see Rhinanthus Zea, see Maize Zinc in smoke, 301 Zoogonidia of Peronosporea?, 58 Zygomycetes, 57 Zygospores, 42 THE END RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. 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