None
.177 County Officers 181 County and Town Systems Con- trasted 142 County Seat 179 County Surveyor 185 312 INDEX County Taxes 242 County Treasurer 183 Courts: Federal 95 Jurisdiction of 96 State 170,174 Courts of United States: Territorial 100 of Claims 101 Supreme ' 53 Jurisdiction of 53 Circuit 99 Circuit of Appeals 99 District 98 Courts of Michigan: Circuit Courts 171 Court of Mediation and Arbi- tration 174 Justices of the Peace 174, 209 Probate Courts 173 Recorders' Court of Detroit. .173 Superior Court of Grand Rapids 172 Supreme Court 170 Corrrections and Charities, Board of 166 Crimes, Trial for 97 "Critical Period of American His- tory, The" 44 Cushing, C 90 Custom House Duties 57 Customs, Commissioner of 83 Dairy and Food, Commissioner of. .169 Declaration of Independence. .26, 146 Delaware 33, 34, 86, 128, 144 Democratic Party 115 Department: of Agriculture 78, 90 Interior 78, 86 Justice 78,89 Labor 78, 91 Navy 78, 85 Public Works 211 State 78, 81 Treasury 78, 82 War 78, 84 Detroit 121, 151, 173 Development, Governmental 5 Director of Mint 84 Director of School District 236 Districts: Election 219 Representative 155 School 235 Senate 155 District Board 237 District Court of U. S 98 District of Columbia 67, 100 District Meetings 235 District Officers 236 Dollar, Gold 60 Drain Commissioner 186 Duties 56, 255 Dutton, F 224 Ecclesia U Education, Boards of 238 Education, Bureau of 88 Education, Necessity of 229 Educational System of Michigan, 229, 238 Constitutional provisions 230 Origin 229 Edward I., King of England 20 Elbe 12 Elections in Michigan 226 of President 52 Election Commissioners 220 Election Districts 219 Election Laws 215 Electoral College 52 Eminent Domain 246, 248 Compensation 246 Contrasted with taxation 247 Taking property 246 England 12, 121 Engineers, Chief of 85 Equalization, Board of 165 Equipment and Recruiting, Bu- reau of 85 Error, Writ of 171 Essex, County of 136 Evarts, W | 90 Examiner of Claims 90 Excise 56 Executive Department 51, 69 Branches of 78 Difference in United States and Michigan 157 of Cities 206-208 Opinions of executive officers. 70 Exemptions 241 Ex Post Facto Laws 241 Family, The 3 Federalist, The 68 Federalists 114 Fence Viewers 133 Fire Marshal 214 Department 213 First Continental Congress 39 Fish Commission 91 Fish Commissioners 165 Fiske, J 45,103,143 Florida 87 Forbidden Legislation 156 Forum 11 France 14, 87, 121 Franklin, B 38, 46, 47 Freedom : Absolute 2 Meaning in governmental sense 5 of conscience 252 of speech and press 252 French and Indian War 122 French Settlements 121 Froude, J 48 Fur Traders 121 Geological Survey, Bureau of 88 INDEX 313 Generals: Brigadier .*..»... 85 Lieutenant 85 Major 85 General Assembly of Massachu- setts 135 General Election Law of Michi- gan 215-228 Genesis and Growth of Local Government 149 Georgia 31, 105, 128 Gladstone, W 47 Gold: Certificates 61 Coined 61 Uncoined 61 Government : Best form of 2 Branches of 23 Branches of federal 49 Definition of 1 Definition of popular 15 Distinctive features of our. ... 17 General powers of federal.... 24 Limitations of state 25 Necessity of 1 Need of central 41 of cities 198 of villages 196, 197 Origin of representative. .18, 119 Outline of federal 40 Territorial 65, 66 Town and county system con- trasted 142 Township and village 188, 197 Tribal form of 8 Government, Colonial 28 Change to state 34 Government, Municipal 25 Government Printing Office 91 Governor of Michigan 158 Commander in Chief 159 Powers and Duties 158 Qualifications 158 Veto • 159 Governor-General of Canada 123 Grants, Colonial 31 Greece 11 Green, J. R 19,30,104 "Greenbacks" 62 Guilds 200 Habeas Corpus 171, 251 Hamilton, A 46, 105, 112 Health, Board of 164 Department 213 Henry III., King of England 119 Henry, Patrick 125 Highway Commissioners 193 Holland 12 Hosmer, S 134 Illinois 150 Impeachment 75 Definition of 75, 76 in Michigan 156 Impeachment f Method of procedure 76 Who liable to 75 Incorporation of cities 201 Indian Affairs, Commissioner of. 88 Indian, American 8 Indiana 148, 150 Indians 50 Inspector-General 84, 167 Inspectors of Elections 219 Inspectors of Schools 234 Instructions to Voters 222 Insurance Commissioner of 168 Interior: Department of 78, 86 Secretary of 86 Internal Revenue 57 Commissioner of 84 Interstate Commerce Commis- sion „_ 59, 91 Jackson, A 80 James II., King of England 104 James River 139 Jefferson, T. .80, 106, 113, 122, 139, 145 Jesuit Missionaries 121 Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science 150 John, King of England 29 Joliet 121 Judge Advocate General 85 Judges : Federal, tenure of office 98 Michigan Supreme Court 170 Circuit Court 171 Probate 173 of United States Supreme Court 98 Judicial Circuits of Michigan 171 Judicial Department: of Michigan 170 of United States 53 Judicial System, Federal 93-101 Judiciary Act 98 Jurisdiction Defined 170 Jurisdiction of federal courts 96 Justice, Department of 78, 89 Justices of the Peace 174, 209 Kaskaskia 125 Kent County 155 Labor : Department of 78, 91 Commissioner of 79, 169 Lansing 153, 171, 231 Law, Definition of 1 Laws, Ex Post Facto 241 Lake Erie 148 Lake Michigan 148 Land Office: General 86 Commissioner of 86, 161 Legislature, Sessions of 156 Legislative Department of Cities, 202, 203 314 INDEX Lexington 41 Libel 253 Librarian of Congress 63, 91 State 169 Libraries 214 Lieutenant Governor 160 Lincoln, A 14 Liquor License 205 Lodge, H 113 London 139 Louisiana- 87, 120, 177 Mackinac 121, 122 Madison, J 45, 46, 68 Magna Charta 29, 251 Marine Corps 86 Mandamus 171 Marquette 121 Marshall, Chief Justice 62 Martin, G 31 Mary, Princess of Orange 104 Maryland 33, 34, 86 Massachusetts 32, 33, 34, 120, 144 Massachusetts Bill 39 Mayflower, The 119 Mayor, The 206 McMaster, J 199 Mediation and Arbitration, Court of 174 Medicine and Surgery, Bureau of.. 86 Messages, President's 74 Mexico 87 Michigan: Admitted to the Union 150 Agricultural College 231 Appointive Offices 166 Becomes Part of the U. S 126 Beginnings of Local Govern- ment in 149 Campbell's Political History of 151 College of Mines 232 Cooky's History of 151 County Government in 177 Educational Institutions 231 Educational System 229 English Rule of 123 Executive Department 157 French Rule of 122 Government of 153 Governmental Changes 120 Judicial Department 170 Legislative Department 155 Legislative Sessions 156 Part of Indiana 148 Population in 1834 151 State Boards 162 State Public School 232 Territory of 149 Township and Village Gov- ernment 188 University of 231 Middlesex, County of 136 Moderator 236 Mississippi 108 Mississippi River 144 Monarchy, Absolute 6 Definition of 9 Powers of ruler 6 Monarchy, Constitutional: Definition of 12 Money: Borrowing 58 Coining 60 Definition of 60 Various kinds of 60 Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester 20, 119 Morris, R. and G 46 Morse, J 80, 106 Municipal Corporations 190 National Bank Notes 62 National Committee 115 National Republican Party 115 Naturalization 64, 65 Naval Academy 86 Observatory 86 Navigation, Bureau of 85 Commissioner of 84 Navy: Department 85 Secretary of 85 Negroes 107 New England: Towns 128 Town officers 131 Settlement of 128 New Hampshire 31, 86 New Jersey 31, 86 New York 31, 120, 144 Norfolk 137 North Carolina 31, 105 "North Folk" 137 North Sea 12 Northwest Territory. .145, 146, 147, 148 Norway 12 Normal Schools 231 Notaries Public 186 Obedience to law. 255 Officers, Public : Agents of people 21 "Official Ballot" 221 Ohio 150, 151 Ohio River 125, 144, 146 Oligarchy: Definition of 10 Ordinance of 1787 126, 145, 146, 147 Ordnance, Bureau of 86 Organization of towns 188 Origin of Modern City 200 Overseers of Highways 194 Pacific Ocean 8 Pacific Railroad Companies 88 Paper money 44 Pardons: Board of 165 Definition of 71 Governor of Michigan 158 Mayor 198 INDEX 315 Pardons : President 71 Parish, English 137 Virginia 140 Government of 140 Parliament, The Model 20 Parsons, T 90 Party platform Ill, 117 Patents and copyrights 63 Definition of 63 Patents, Commissioner of 88 Payment of Taxes 256 Penn, W 34 Pensions 88 Bureau of 88 Commissioner of 88 Pennsylvania 33, 34, 86, 112 Personal Liberty 251 Personal Security 250 Peterman's Civil Government 224 Philadelphia 45 Pilgrim Fathers 119 Pinckney, T 46, 106 Pinckney, W 46, 90 Plymouth 119 Police Courts ...202 Department 212 Magistrates 206 Political Committees 116 Political Parties Ill Organization 115 Origin Ill Politics, Definition of 110 Politician 110 Polling Place 223 Posse Comitatus 183 Postmaster-General 79, 89 Postoffice Department 78, 89 Potomac River 139 Poundkeepers 133 Precincts 219 President of United States. 14, 51, 70,75 Commander in Chief 70 His appointments 73 Messages 74 Method of electing 52 Method of counting votes.... 52 Powers 73 Responsibility 75 Primaries 226 Primary Election Law 227 Probate Court 173 Procedendo 171 Property, Right of 250 Proprietary Colonies 33 Prosecuting Attorney 184 Protection from unjust laws 253 Provisions and Clothing, Bureau of 86 Public Affairs, Participation in 257 Public Lands 87, 161 Public Libraries 214 Public School Teachers 237 Public Works: Department of 211 Quartering Act 40 Quartermaster-General 85 of Michigan 1G6 Quasi-municipal corporations 190 Quebec Act 40, 124 Quo Warranto 171 Railroads, Commissioner of.... 88, 167 Randolph, J 46 Reconstruction Period 107 Recorder's Court of Detroit 173 Regents of State University 166 Register of Deeds 183 of Treasury 83 Registration 217 219 Board of 217 Removals : By Impeachment 75 By Mayor 207 By President 80 Representation : History of Government by. 19 Unit of 135, 140 Representatives : House of 50 of Michigan 155 Reprieves 75 Definition of 71 Governor's 159 President's 71 Republic : Definition of 14 Distinguished from all other governments 15 Modern 13 Origin of ancient 11 Republican party 115 Review, Board of 243 Rhode Island 32, 33, 34, 86 Right to hold office 255 Rights and duties of citizens 249 Robinson Crusoe 1 Rome 11 Roundheads .' 139 Royal Colonies 31 Russia 87 Rutledge, J 46 School Committee 132 School Laws 230 School Districts 235 School Examiner 233 Schools: Provision for support 229 Sealers of Weights and Measures. 133 Second Continental Congress 41 Secretary: Agriculture 86 Interior 86 Navy 85 State 81 Treasury 82 War 84 State of Michigan 160 316 INDEX Selectmen 151 Self-Support 257 Senate, The 50 of Michigan 155 Senators of Michigan 155 Sheriff 182 Sheriffs: in Virginia 142 Origin of Office 182 Sherman, R 46 Silver: Bullion 61 Certificate 61 Coin 61 Six Nations 144 Slander 252 Solicitor of Internal Revenue 90 Solicitor of Treasury 84, 90 South Carolina 31 "South Folk" 137 Spain 87 Speaker 50, 156 St. Ignace 121 St. Joseph 121 State : Department of 78, 81 Secretary 81 Secretary of State of Michigan. 160 State Boards: Agriculture 164 Auditors 162 Canvassers 163 Corrections and Charities. .. .166 Education 166 Equalization 165 Fish Commissioners 165 Health 164 Military 167 Pardons 165 Regents of State University. .166 State Committee 116 State Government: of Michigan 153 Scope of 154 State Public School 232 Statistics, Chief of Bureau of 84 Stamp Act Congress 38 Stanton, E 90 Steam Engineering, Bureau of.... 86 Story, Justice. 35 Street Commissioner 211 Street Railroads 205 Suffrage 254 Suffolk 137 Superior Court of Grand Rapids. .172 Superintendent : of Bureau of Printing and En- graving 84 of Census. 88 of Life-Saving Service 84 of Public Instruction 232 Supervising Architect 84 Supervisor 192, 234 Supervisors, Board of 179 Supreme Court: of Michigan 170 of United States 94 Organization 97 Surgeon-General 85 Surveyors of Lumber 133 Sweden 12 Taking Part in Public Affairs 257 Taney, R 90 Tariff 57 Tax, Definition of 56 Tax Dodger 256 Taxation 112 Computing rate of 244 Contrasted with eminent do- main 247 Federal. 56 Michigan constitutional provi- sions .240, 241 Necessity of power in national government 43 of colonies 38 Taxation and Eminent Domain. .239 Taxes: Assessment of 242 Collection of 245 Definition of 239, 240 Delinquent 245 Direct 58 Indirect 57 in Virginia 141 Necessity for 239 Objects for which levied 241 State 247 Teachers 237 Tennessee 108 Texas 108 Thackeray, W 139 Town and County System Con- trasted ..142 Town Board 195 Towns, Corporate powers 189 Town Clerk 132-183-185, 234 Town Officers 192 Town Treasurer 132 Town meeting: Influence of 127, 133 of New England 123, 131 Records of Boston 134 Townshend Acts 38 Township : Beginnings in Michigan 147 of New England 130 School Officers 234 Treasurer 193 Township Government: in Michigan 188 Town Meeting 190 Transportation Bill 39 Treason, Definition of 54 Treasurer: City 208 County 183 of Michigan 161 INDEX 317 Treasurer : Township 193, 234 United States 83 Treasury, The 82 Department of 78, 82 of United States 82 Officers of 82, 83, 84 Secretary of 82 Treasury Notes 61 Treaties 71 Approval of 71 Definition of 71 Mode of Negotiating 71 Tribe, The 4 Formation of 4 Mode of Life 5 Upper Peninsula 151 Unit of Representation 135, 140 University of Michigan 231 Value, Standard of 60 Venice 11 Vestry Meeting 137 Veto: Definition of 74 Governor's 159 President's 74 Mayor's 207 Villages : Officers 196 Organization 196 Village Trustees 197 Virginia 31, 108, 120, 144 Settlement of 137 Social conditions 137-139 Virginia : Taxation in 141 Virginia Conquest 125 Virginia County: Government of 141-142 Old 136 Unit of Representation 140 Votes: Method of counting 224 Official count 224 Voters 215-216 Voting Machines 228 Voting under Australian system... 224 War: Bureaus of department 84 Department of 84 Secretary of „. 84 Wardens, Church 137 Washington, D. 