None
drapeau, m.. Hag, colors, ensii;n, standard, stand of colors; (.vm. a.) tluinil>-piece of the safi>ty device (Spanish Mauser): (ih ///., mil.) armies: nj'ptltr sous Its r, to call into active service: arhonr un , to hoist a color, a flag; au , "to the color;" battreau , to beat "to the color:" biitlri tt i .r, to troop the colore; b( Uf dirliuH di s 1, consccrai ion of colors; binir t(S z, to consecralc t hi" colors; ■ binnc, flagof Iruci'. while flag; mrdi dti , color-inianl : lunnpr de ■ , color stall, pike; - Ji"iif, ipiaranliii'' fla,:: I'TirltWt ntatre, v. hlanr: plnnttr un , to erect a stiuidard; jiorif - - — , color-liearer: ."•Y rai'.'ur sou.'' //.s - — j. to espouse t he cause of: ,vf rtndre aui r, to join one'-, reu'inu'iit: signal, signal flag: sdiiiu r iin — .1(1 <r)iinil "to the lolnr;" .vM(/.< /(.'.■ J, with till' colors, in :icii\e s«'r\ii'r. <lr^clle, t., liialf : spent malt, iircver's gi;:iiis. dressage, m.. straiiilitenini:: si'tiing: (uiit drc--;- iii^. Irlilini-; (-•;(, a.' si rai>:ti'i'ning .-rlilii-' m.! a CI I II i'urri'l dining in;mM::iit urc : i .■"<"'.' i i":iiii- ini: (iif horse--'': {,of carri.T piroon.-. Ih>i y. ir's Ir:!iniiK': inilitairi-, (niii. i military (raining ipi.ysii.-al ; dressage 138 dynamite dressage h la planchetu, (tm. a.) operation and process of detecting defects of straightness in rifle barrels by the reflection of a straight-edge; rcrificatcur de , («m. a.) optical apparatus for detecting defects of straightness in gun barrels. dress*, a., (mil.) well set up, drilled, and instnicted (of the men in ranks); {man.) broken; — —h la selle, (man.) broken to the saddle. dresseinent, m., (r. r.) grading, finishing, of earth- works. dresser, v. a., to dress, straighten, erect; to set up; to make true; to level; to level; to dress; trim (as, a surfeit, aslope); to draw up, prepare (a report); to arrange; to arrange; to train, form; (man.) to train (a horse); (sm. a.) to straighten, set (a rifle barrel); (mach.) to set up drill, and instruct (a recruit); (mach.) to line up (an engine); parallel, to build by the plumb-line; parallel, to tack a battery; to equip it with guns; un camp, (mach.) to lay out a camp; un canon de fusil, (sm. a.) to set and straighten a rifle barrel; un cheval, (man.) to break a horse; la chère. (art.) to raise the gin; (a cordeau, to set by line (as, A gun barrel, etc.; des embilches, une embuscade, (mach.) to lay an ambush, an ambuscade; une machine, (mach.) to adjust, line up, an engine; de niveau, to level; une recueil, (mach.) to set by the eye (a gun barrel, etc.); une recueil, (mach.) to set by the eye (a gun barrel, etc.); une recueil, (mach.) to set by the eye (a gun barrel, etc.); une tente, (mach.) to pitch a tent; (mach.) une tente, (mach.) horse-trainer; (mach.) a barrel-setter. Dille, m., (mach.) drill, boring-bit; borer, piercer; (mach.) poor soldier: a barchet, bownrille; a barchet, breast-brace; a bon, (mach.) old soldier; a gun, (mach.) old soldier; a ratchet, ratchet-drill; a rochet, ratchet-brake. Dille, m., (mach.) flag halliard; a signauz, signal halliard. droit, m., right, rights; title, claim; toil, duty, fee; s'iaro; law; d, 'iKi dc, {law) to those having legal rights in the case: d'asile, right of shelter, {esp., nav.) on a war vessel; aijant, {larc) person entitled (to payment, redress, etc.), rightful claimant or owner; dc brevet, patent rights: dc brevet, patent rights: d( discijiline, (mil.) disciphnary power; i ch(li)iu>e. iadm.) dillercutial duty; — - d'cn'ii'tc da pavilion, {nav. int. law) right of a iiia;i-(if-war to make a commercial vessel si.i'.v colors; di- /".in raisonner, {nar. int. lair) right of ma.iof-war to make a commercial vessel answer <ii!Osi i.)ii>;  la tiuirn. {mil.) law (,f war; mariiime, maritime inl(r national, iiiter- iiatioiial iriariliiao law; — inili''i. military law: — d, ■< III •ilrc.t. law of iictltrals; — dr pri:'t. ( Hill. int. law > right of caplure; piitjlir ini/itaire. (mil.) codo oi military logis- laiioii. jiirisiirudeiico; dr rvjTi siiilles, law. rifrlit, of reprisals; — - i/f irrirriitinn dr la nalimialiti. (nnr. int. law) right < f vc; if%iii,^ nationality of a vessel; de tisitc. I nav. in', lair) right of search. droit, a., straight, right; plumb: upright, erect, standing up; {man.) straight in Ime, said of a horse when he stands squarely on his legs, with his head and body In the same direction; (hipp.) sound, free from lameness; cheval, (hipp.) horse warranted sound and free from lameness; stirjambe, (hipp.) short-pastemed. droite, f., right line, straight line; right hand, right side; (to;.) right of an army, body of troops, etc.; — - d'un levee, (top.) line of direction, bearing laid down on a survey. droit-jointe, {hipp.) straight-pastemed (of a horse); straight (of a pastern). drolture, f., justice, uprightness; en , in a right line. drome, f., raft, float; des embarcations, {nav.) in a shipyard, boats, small boats, collection or assemblage of small boats. drosse, f., {nav.) steam steering chain. duallne, f., {cxpl.) dualin. ductile, a., {met.) ductile. ductilit*, f., {met.) ductility. duel, m., duel; d'artillerie, {art.) artUlery duel; d'artillerie decisif, {art.) decisive duel, artil- lery duel proper (assailants in duel position): — — d'artillerie preparatoire. {art.) preparatory duel (assailants in reconnoitertng position). Dumanet, {mil. slang) French e(iuivalent of Tommy Atkins. dune, f., {top.) dime, sand dune. dunctte, f., {nav.) poop. duplicata, m., duplicate (of report, document). dur, a., hard; harsh; stiff; (fond.) chilled; au depart, {sm. a.) hard on the trigger; a la detente, (sm. a.) hard on the tri<^iror; d. la lime, hard to file, rasisting the file. durability, f., durability. durable, a., durable, lasting. durci, a., hardened (as, lei^d for bullets); (fort.) faced with concrete (of a parapet); {fond.) chilled; fonte — — e, (met.) chilled cast-iron; (I la surface, (met.) case-hardened, surface- hardened. durclr, v. a., to harden; to stiffen; to make hard, still; to indurate; (fond.) to cliill. durclssemeiit, ni., hardening, stiffening; indura- tion; (^/o/td.) cliilling. dure, f., bare ground; bare board. durt'e, f., duration; life (of a gun, etc.); (art.) tiino of flight; (ball. ) time interval: de combu.slion, time of combustion (as. of a fuse, a match, etc.); combustion interval; d'ecoulement. (mil.) time necessary to march past a given point: du jour, (art.) time of combtislion of a fuse, as dolermined by local atmospheric conditions of the day, in coiitradistiuction from the tabular combustion interval; de la trajcctoirc, ■ du trajet, (ball.) time of fliglit. durer, v. n.. to last, continue; hold out, endure. duret, f., hardness; — d'extraction, (sm. a., r. f. art.) difficulty of extraction (of the cartridge case); de man-itnre, stillness. difficulty of operation (of the parts of a mechanism, etc. j. durillon, m., callosity; (sm. a.) irregularity of caliber (due to lack of homogeneity in the total of the barrel); an pied. com. dynanilque, f., (cipl.) Tércules powder. dynamite, f., (epl.) dynamite; asbeste, dynamite with explosive base for absorption; blanche, dynamite with base of natural size; dynamite celtulote, Mfpaln  gum dyuamite, explosive gelatine, Blastingol; Grasse, dynamite with a relatively non-porous base (as compared with mauve); Grise, dynamite with a base of resin, charcoal, and sodium nitrate; Grisot, fire-damp dynamite, prisoutite; Grisot, fire-damp dynamite, grisotite; De guerre, serico dynamite; Lignon, lipiosc; Maigre, dynamite with a very porous base; Cinica, mica-powder; Molle, imfrozen dynamite; Pailk, dynamite, straw dynamite, Lignon, v. pailk; Rouge, d'.Tiamite with a base of tripoli; La silice, siliceuse, Iceselguhr dynamite; Td Sucre, dynamite with a base of sugar. dyn Instrument, dynamite factory. Dynamite, m., (mill.) man charged with dynamite; dynamo, f., (elcc.) dynamo; Arsenic, dynamo, to wind a dynamo; Dynamo, compound, compound-wound dynamo; Dynamo, compound, compound-wound dynamo; Dynamo, redirectional-current machine  dynamometre, m., d>^lamomete^. a compUur, registering dynamometer; — —d.courruies, belt, strap, dynamometer; d'ecrasement, (art.) crusircr-giiu-e; enrcgistreur, registering dynamometer; hfrcin, brake dynamomeliT; ■ de rotation, transmission dynamometer; detraction, tniction d-nainoinotor; — - de transmission, v. de rotation. dyne, f., dyne. dyssenterle, f., dysentery. E. eaxi, f., water; river; rain; wash; lake; sea; pond; perspiration; urine; (in )il.) waters, territorial waters; fountain, waterworks; watering place; water; d' alimentation, (steam) feed water; basse —, low tide; hlanc d', sheet of water of slight depth (e.g., fort., as an accessory defense); bkinche, mash of bran and water; blanchir, whitewash; chute d', waterfall; df cirl, rain water; colonne d', head of water; de condensation, (steam) water of condensation: oviiir r h un cheval, to keep a horse from drinking too much, from drinking his fill at one draught; couranle, running water; cours d', stream; en/re dcm 1. between wind and water; between the surface of the water and the bottom; dormoul', stagnant water; duri, hard water. Water; I'al, slack water, slack tide; e/aiichi d'. water-light; fain-, to leak; fairi dr /', (nnv.) to take in water; fain- mit voir d', to spring a leak; f'rrir, water in which a red-hot iron has luen i|uen('hed; /;/ (/(• r —, the current; k iJiiir (/', awash; between wind and water; in the water line; z foliis, surface water, waters not running in a I liannel, or running in an undefined channel; — frniche, fresh water (I. e., not stale, fit for use); 1 nr'i.'ise.'<, greasy water (kilclK'ii waters containing grease, sold by the nirn's moss in Fr;ii'e); d, grande, (chrm.) in an excess of water; eau, grandes x, high water (iu a river); hauteur de V. height of the water (in a gauge); impermeable a V, water-tight; incrustante, hard water, water producing incrustation; indicalcur de la hauteur de V, du niveau u", (stam, etc.) water gauge; d' injection, (steam) injection water; T aux jnmbes, (hipp.) grease; jtt d', fountain; ligne d', water line; maigre, shallow water; de nier, salt water, sea water; vicrr, mother li(iuor; mcttrc un bdtimcnl a l', (nr:'.) fo launch a vessel; rnctire unc piece hors d', (art.) to depress the muzzle so as to prevent entrance of rain; mi.'ich l', (nav.) launching; • iiiontaiUe, rising tide; 1 morks, neaiftiiie; morUs /, yoimg llood (of a river); naiigabk, waterway, navigable channel; — — zd'un iiarire. eau-de-de-de, f., brandy. eau-forte, f., etching; (chem.) nitric acid. ballement, m., play. Charbage, m., removal of odgas. burrs, seams, surface irregularities, from castings, projectiles, plates, and metal objects in general. Barber, v. a., to trim (castings, etc.); to nip burrs; to remove irregularities, etc., from castings, projectiles, etc. Barbeuse, f., (mach.) trimming machine, finishing machine. Charbon, m., trimmer, burr-nip-jer; parer; scraper. Charbon, f., burr, fash, board. Charbon, m., rough hewing, rough shaping; dressing down, turning down; rough filing; (un. a.) turning of exterior of barrel; (art.) removal from projectiles with lead centering band of so much of the envelope as does not correspond to the ribs. Charbon, f., Sketch, rough sketch. Chauch, m., any material got roughly into shape, c. g., (met.) a welding packet. Chaucher, v. a., to rough-work; to dress down, turn or hammer down, approximately to shape; to block out, give its approximate shape to anything; to sketch, skelih roughly; to outline. Febaudrage, m., (cord.) combing out. Chaudrier, v. a., (cord.) to comb out, to remove poor or weak fiber. Chaudrier, v. a., to trim off (seams, burrs, etc.), etc., etc.  a wall, all); pile of rubbish due to crumbling; diver, (unstable). Chouler, to slide, to fall in (as, a mine); to crumble, give way. Lumber down (walls, embankments, etc.). Oboulis, III., rubbish (falling in; rubble) febour, v. a., (mas.) to remove the burden (q. v.) from stone, from bank. Fralsoir, m.. (fund.) fire shovel. Ebranrher, v. :•.. to strip ur cui oif branches (from trcrs. tiushc-;. rtc.j. Cbranclu>lr, Inllhook. (branlcment, m., shock, concussion; shaking, disturbance, concussion, disorder; (mil.) wavering. braiiler, v. a. r., to shake, unsettle, disturb, stagger; (mil.) to shake, to cause to waver; to move, to be set in motion (as, of troops setting out on a march); to waver, to become broken up. Cbrasement, m., splay, splay; mnr d', wing wall, bay wall (as, of an embrasure). Cbraser, v. a., to splay. ebr^cher, v. a., to notch, hack; break a piece out of, make a hole in. brillade, f., sudden jerk with the bridle. Cbrroudage, m., plate wire-drawing.  wire through a plate. Cbroiement, m. (hipp.) snort (due to surprise or fear). Cbrouer, v. r., (hipp.) to snort, sneeze. Ebullition, f., ebullition. Ccachor, v. a., to crush; to beat, squeeze, flat. Ccagiie, f., (cord.) part of a skein or hank that has been divided. 6caille, f., splinter, chip; scale; s, (met.) scale; s, defer, forge-scale, hammer shig. Ccalllement, m., scaling, scaling off (as, an armor plate under fire). Ccallement, m., scaling or tusk of a horse. Ccarlate, f., scarlet. Carrate, v. a., to tine-bore, to polish. Eart, m., any place more or less remote; (in thor-modynamics) difference of temperature; (man.) shy, sudden start (aside); (hipp.) strain; (opt.) dispersion, failure of rays to fix on account of splieral aberration; (carp.) scarf, joint, (length of) overlapping (in a joint"); (hall.) error, deviation; distance from center of impact to point aimed at (of a single shot). (Except where otherwise indicated, the following terms relate to statistics: absohi, absolute error, deviation; straight line from point considered to center of impact; absolu moyen, mean atisoluto error; angle d' horizontal, angle of lateral jump; angulaire initial lateral, angle of lateral jump; angle vertical, vertical angle of juni); forrt, (carp.) butt and butt; en direction, lateral deviation: double, (carp.) hook and butt, two ends Of timber, timber is over each other; declaration en hauteur, diilèrente between real height of point of bur, and theoretical mean height; d'echitfirunt d'un point suivant la trajictoirc. Distance of point of burst from plane normal to mean trajectory and passing through mean distance of burst; — d'éclater en portre, difference between range on burst and mean theoretical range on first: d'ipaulc, (hipp.) shoulder strain; /ij/r( v.n, (man.) tosliy; faux. (hipp.) slight strain of hip joint: fundamental, any error that will simplify the standard of comparison (e.g., the prologue error, the mean-scure error; gromilvinc, hypothesis of the right tri-an; anal, of which the sides are the mean horizontal and vertical deviatidus, respectively (sometimes called maijini yomitrique and moyen); en hnntnir, vertical error, error in  dindion; 'lit! ml. V. in dirfrlKiii; en longueur, error in range; feart 141 ^hauguette ecart moj/en, mean (arithmetical) error or deviation; tnoyen en direction, mean lateral error; inoyen gtornctrique, v. g/om^tTtquf; mojien en hauteur, mean vertical error, mean error in range; moijen en poriie, mean error in range; moijin qtiadratique, the square root of the observed deviations (employed by General idion); mojen, a synonym, first of giovUtrique, ind, second, of moyen quadratique, qq. v.; en poTlfe, error in range; probable. prol)able error (otherwise defined as the radius of the circle, having the center of imiiiWJt as center and containing 50 per cent of liits); probable aXtsolu V. probable, second ilelinition; probable en direction, probable horizontal, probable en largeur, probable lateral error; probable en hautetir, probable error in range; probable nwmal, the probable error, referred to a plane normal to the trajectory; de rentage, distance between the target and the center of impact of a group, the practice being as accurate as possible; — — simple, icirp.) v. carrl; — s totaur, the sides of the rectangle, equal e-icli to eight times the corresponding probable error; ici Ileal, V. en hauteur; tertical moyen, v. moyen en hauteur. Ccarteincnt, m., spacing, distance apart; scatter- iiii;, separation, putting aside; pitch (of rivets); (jort.) spacing (of forts, works, on a line); des essieux, (r. r.) wheel base; des flasques d'afflU, {".rt.) distance apart of cheeks; normal, (r. r.) standard gauge; des ruils, (r. r.) gauge; des rivets, pitch of riveting; des roues, span or width between wheels; — — de In vote, (r. r.) gauge; ^—de la voie dans aume, (r. r.) gauge in the clear. ftcarfer, v. a. r., to extend, widen, separate; di- '. oil, turn aside; ward olT; scatter; dispel; u,n coup, to ward oiT a blow. Ccavccade, (mnn.) pul \.ilh thecavesson. Ccli;:f;md, m., scaffold; (fort.) balcony made in ilio window of a house propartxl for defense. CchafaudaKO, m., soaflolding; erection of stages; (frj.) [jreparatioiis. C'Chaf auder, v. a. , to scaffold , to stage. ^chanrrcr, v. a., to channel, groove; to hollow, hill'iw out; to cut, make hollow, sloping; to eat into (iis, the sea into a coast, etc.) CcIii'HTHre, f. , channel, cut, groove: hollowing, ii.iich. indontation; scallop (as in the edge of a S'Kldlwloth); ifort.) cut (in the covered way); (sri. a.) cut (in the receiver); du glacis, ( f'<rl.) defile crotchet. CcliatiKo, m., exchange; (mil.) exclmiipe (of pris- o:ifr,s); r'tT:(t d' , (mil.) cartel of exchange: /i,';)(' , free trade. 6chaii!;er, v. a., to exchange; (mil.) to exchange (iirisouers). Ccliantliijnolle, f., bracket, blork, lining; axlotroe bricket; (art.) trail bracket (obs.); cheek-piece (■r.i ^:in. Gcliaiitilloii, m., sample, s[><'cini('n, pattern, tem- plft, niixlel; (Jo>id.) loani hoard, niodolinj; board; d( chemise, (fond.) tliickness piece; • t/i-oi', I /{i7)i/.) deadhead lioard; eirr ntnforinc d, I' , iire d' , to be according I ) puttern; h qros .1, of large pattern; dc noyau, (fond.) core board; ichantUlnn-ttrpe, (adm.) model or pattern fur- nished by a contractor. Bantillonné, m., gauging, verification by a standard. Télément, p. p., made up into patterns, shapes (of manufactures, e. g., iron, etc.). Chapé, p. p., m., fugitive; stray, runaway horse; cheval de nord, etc., (hipp.) horse of Norman, etc., sire and dam of any other breed; un denommand, etc., (hipp.) horse of Norman, etc., sire and dam of any other breed. Chapé, p., space for carriages to turn in; width of a door or window, width of any opening admitting the light; clear space, of a spiral staircase; (man.) prank, trick, fit; d'une vis, distance between threads of a screw; de vue, vista. Chapé, m., escape. escape, leak (of steam, air, powder gases, etc.): pun, blast (of steam, etc.); escape pipe; flue (of a reverberatory furnace); space for carriages to turn in; height between floor and ceiling; scapement, escapement (of a clock, etc.;) exhaust (period); — -d ancre, anchor escapement: Ixcylindre, cylinder escapement; I'tpine, deadbeat escapement; I'tpine, recoil escapement; Drepos, v. I'epine; tuyau d', escape pipe, blast pipe; D verge, crown escapement. Cchapper, v. a. n., to escape, run off or away, break loose; to avoid; (fec.) to retire or withdraw to avoid a thrust, a lunge; lajambe, (fenc.) to withdraw; lais, (fenc.) to let off (steam, gas, etc.); (man.) to put a horse at full speed. ^harpe, f., .sash; sling (as, for the arm); shell or fr;une of a block or pulley; assemblage of one or more sheaves in one shell; jil) of a crane, out- rigger; tie; (fori.?.) brace, diagonal brace; ro- eiiforcing strap; (i/ni/.) sash, ollicer's sash; batterie d' , (art.) oblicpie-lire battery, one firing obliquely at any target: haitre d' , (art.) to fire, take obliquely: chanrjerd' , to change sides; covp de sabre en , slanting saber cut; (i crochet, bhxik and hook; d' , obli(iuely; dedislinclio'n, (unif.) .sash v/orn over shoulder, as a badge of duty or of command, (obs. in Franco): €71 , askew, skew, slantin?:, in a sling, slant- ingly, across the shoulders, ohliciuely. ficiiarper, v. a., to pass a sling or 1 icl io ;iroun'l a weight; (mil.) to cut to i)iw('s (as, a ri'iii'.ucnt). fichasse, f., stilt; scatrolding iiole. fchaudaue, m., \vhitew;ish, linipw;ish; operation of whitewashing. f'chailde, f., (iiKt.) welding In-.it. Oehande, m., camp stool, foldintr scat. OchaiifTC', a., (of wood) moldy, rot (on; (of yarn) roll en. PchaiifToiiuiU, m.,ovcrlu>ating: (of wood, tiniltcr) (I'.'fivt dne to ttie fcrnientalion of -^ap; ( ■■■■i.t/i.) hruting of a In^iring, journal, cic.; liraiiiiL' of f('e<i water; (art., sm. a.) lualing of liarn'!, r,? gi!n, due to tiring; — dclafvurchfttt , (hipp.) di-'CxM^ o( \ho f.>o!. felianlTer, v. a. r., to heat, to boconie hot ; (I'l iii ■- luT) t idry rot; (man.) to stir up, o\ci;>'. irri; ;i'' (a horse). fcJiauffour^-e, f. .(m;7.,<-^<'.)alTray,sciillli':skirnii>!i: ill-conducted aifair. ^•liailKliettO, f., (f'Tt.") v.atoli fnniT or l'..x, s^rl of cl.'vatcd sontry box, liarlizan. (Also spi'lltni ixharguitti , ol'S.) echaume 142 (clatement ftchaume, m., thole-pin. ftchaux, m. pi., drains, irrigating channels. €cli6aiico, f., term, expiration; (mil.) expiration of ad,/!;; a I' , when due; a loniue , with a long time to rim (of a note, etc.). Ccliec, m., check, repulse, foil, miscarriage; Ctreen , to be stopped, checked; cprouver un , to be defeated, repulsed. fechelette, f., rack of a cart. Cchcller, m., peg-ladder; de yrue, jib or arm of a crane. fcnclle, f., ladder; scale; ship's ladder; bruee, folduig ladder; de cnrde, rope ladder; h la courte , by mounting on ono another's shoulders; fane la courte , to mount on one another's shoulders; dcs diimes, diagonal scale; double, {siege) scaling-ladder of double width; (inocn.) double ladder (i.e., two ladders hinged at t.'ie top); d'cau, water-gauge; d'cscalade, (siege) scaling-ladder; defiant, plain scale, uniform scale; fnyante, vanishing scale; gradiUe, graduated scale; graphii/ue, scale; d(s hauteurs, vertical .scale; • — —ii incendie, flre-ladder; • dcs longueurs, horizontal scale; nareometrique, open-sea tide-gauge; de meunier^ st'iircase without risers; — viobite, slidmg scale; TKimfrfyue, representative fraction; de pente, (fort., top.) sc[\Ioo{kU>]w; pout , m., (siege), ladder-bridge for crossing ditches; dts porUs, river-gauge; de projection, scale of project ion ; dc projection h ['horizon, scale of reduction to the horizon (stadia work); pro port ionnelle, diagonal scale; a rapporttr, v. — — • dc reduction; de reduction, plotting scale, reducing scale; diagonal scale; de reduction h Vhori-nn, scale of reduction to the horizon (stadia work ); dc sitge, scahng-ladder; .''im pie, ordinary scvilo of length; stadiiiietrique, stadimeter scale. Cfhelle-obson'atolre, f., (mil.) field observatory (■adder suitably erected and supported). Celic, m., round, rung, of a ladder; (7th.) echelon (in many applications); grade; (art.) synonym of de combat, (1. v.; de combat, (Fr. art.) what is left of the battery de combat after taking out the lariat de tir, i. e., battery wagon, forgo, 6 caissons, fi spare teams (hence) first line of wagons of a battery; dr.croisrr Us s, (mil.) to form direct from oMi'iue echelons; dincl. (mil.) cidielons parallel to one another and to the line of battle; de la hierarchii (jnil.) grade; o'liijiK, (mil.) o'liijiK, echelonnod fto guard against a possible flank attack; de parr, (fr. a.) section of an army corps annunciation park. ichniiieiiienl, ni., (mil.) of schooling. Operation, result, of disiio.-ing troops in echelon; dr la ditditi, (.'■iai'i i eoinixi'indlng; dcs /lau.v.-trx. Out.) use of increasing elevations, in rangi: du tir, V. (/.? /k);\.<-.-.v. Pelletier, v. a., to proportion; (mi!) to form, 1 raw up, post, dis()s0sin echelon; Irs haus.sci, (art.) in ranirin),', to drive or use increasing elevations for IIm' fir.U salvo. exile, in., gutter; (fond.) gute. ec.'ieiieau, m., v. ichnial. Chenct.m., v.£c/icnu/. Scheveau, m., hank. Scheveau, m., hank, skein (French cotton spinning, 1,000 meters). Scheveau, ni., 6clilOre, m., (cotm.) partition wall of a stair; vivur d', partition wall of a stair. Chine, f., spine, spinal column. ecbiquet, a., (mil.) checkerwise. fechlquler, m., checkerboard; exchequer; en, (fort.) v. s. v. guinconce (mil.) disposition of troops checkerwise. fechome, m., thole-pin. Cchouage, m., (nav.) stranding, running aground. C'chouement, VD., (nav.)\. cchouage. 6chouer, v. n., to strand, to go aground; to strike, to run aground; to cast away; (f'g.) to fail, mis-carry, go wrong; to foil, be foiled. 6th, a., (nai'.) stranded; a s£c., stranded high and dry. (clalr, m., lightning; flash; de feu. de ftamme, (artif.) fixed rocket filled with bright stars. feclalraffe, m., lighting, illumination; c^fdri?!/?, electric lighting; au jaz, lighting by gas; — ; — du terrain, (top. drawing) illumination of u map. Cclalrcie, f., clear spot In cloudy sky; (top.) cicarin,; or glade in a wood. feclaircir, V. a. r., to clear, clear up; brighten, polish; clarify; solve, explain; elucidate; (of the weather-) toclearnp; Ics rangs, (mil.) f o thin the ranks. 6claireinent, m., (top. drawing) illumination, ficlalrer, v.a.n., f o light, give light to; to enlighten; (mil.) to inform, keep informed; to correct, watch; to clear or cover the front of an army by scouting; — Ati gaz, to light by gas; une marche, (mil.) on a march, to send reconnaissance parlies ahead; le terrain, (mil.) to explore, scout over, the ground; une tranchee, (siege) to illuminate a trench. Celaireur, ni., (mil.) scout; (nav.) scout boat; aller en s, (mil.) to scout, to recomiter; cliste, bicycle scout, scout mounted on a bicycle; d'escadre, (nav.) scout boat; d'object if, (art.) an officer or officer of the enemy's batteries, for the purpose of regulating the fire of his own side; de position, (car.) scout posted on him grotnid near the line of march of a column; lookout; du /rrr in, (car.) ground scout; s voliiriltiires, (Fr. cav.) a Body (10 troops), authorized but never formed, to consist of volunteers from the reserve or the disposable, satisfying certain fixed conditions, and required to serve only during maneuvers or on mobilization. 6clat, in. .splinter. piece, fragmcnt;cr;wk ("in wood); explosion, burst, burstini;; brilliancy, clear- ness; {(irl.) splinter (of a shell, etc.); (sig.) Ilash (of a signaling ai)])aratns); action (.'' , ( mil.) brilliant deed of arms; (if hois, splinter of wood ; ■ de I'imaqe, distinctness, clearness, of the image (telei^-oiw, ete.); il'olins, de projectile, (art.) splinter (of a shell, eir.); parr s, (fort.) splinter-proof; • rn Tctour, (art.) splinter falUng back into shell crater. ^clataiitr, L, (artif.) riK'ket with stars. fcclateiuent, ni., burst, burslini;; breaking out; explosion; (art.) bursting (of a shell, a gun); (.'team) bursting, explosion (of a boiler); charge d' , (art.) bursting charge^ burster; 6clatement 143 6coIe edatcment, gnbe d' , (art.) sheaf of fragm«nts; de la guerre, (mil.) outbreak of war; hautnir d' , (art.) height of burst (of a shell, shrapnel); hauteur thioriqiu moyenne d' , (art.) height of mean point of burst above the ground; irUfrralle d' , (art.) horizontal distance of the point of burst to the target; point d' , (art.) point of burst; point moyen d' , (art.) mean point of burst; portce d' , (art.) horizontal distance of the point of biu^t from the muzzle of the gun; porlie d' du point moyen, portee ihiorique moi/enne d' , (art.) range of the mean point of liurst; projectile d' , (art.) any projectile intended to act by explosion; shell, shrapnel; retard d' , (art.) horizontal distance a shell goes on ricochet before bursting; surface d' , (art.) area over which effects of burst are felt. Clater, v. a. n., to burst, shiver, shatter, split, splinter; to explode, blow up; to flash, crack; (mil.) to break out (as, war); (art.) to burst (shell, gun): /aire, to burst, cause to burst, explode; au. repos, (art.) to burst a shell outside of a gun (as, in a sand pit, to determine Inxgmeuta-tiou). Cell, m., spinner of wood, clinic, in., (inst.) clinometer; a limbe jixe. nonadjustable clinometer; h limbe mobile, adjustable clinometer; nn-rectifabk. v. d, limbe fixe; prudule. pendulum clinometer; reclificabte, adjustable clinometer. eclipse, f., eclipse; AjUtd., (art.) disapfKsaring carriage; buth -, V. s. v. but; hautfurd', (art.) drop (of a disappearing gun) touTclk d,, (fort.) disappearing turret. Cclipsf, p. p., (art.) down ( Of a disappearing gim, Celestial, v. r., (art.) to disappear (of a gun, a turret), Fecllssage, ra., fishing, fish-jointing, Fecllssage, f.. splinter; splint; any junction or assemblage; plale; (r. r.) fish-plate; Cornitris, angular fish-plate, bank-joist; Plate, ordinary. Hat, fish-plato; Resurre, spring fish-plate. Celestial, adj., fish-jointed. Celestial, v., edissage. Fecllsser, V. a., to splint Ois. a brolcon arm); to join or ussplable by a junction plate; (r. r.) to fish. Celopis, a., Lune; m., (mil.) any man (not an officer temporarily unable to march in ranks (including sick, wounded, or indisposed not returning to go into a hospital). Celopis, a., to Lame, to cripple. Oi-Ui-i<', f.. sluice: dam; lock (of acaiial); floodgate; V. .•u;i/.)'i'J.,) gato; .f acc(jle<». chain of locks; rin- <V -, l(K'k cham!>er; chnmhre d' , v. airti (V ; dc clin.Hse, (ji'Tl.) sluice gate for iiitroduciiii; water into a ditch : (Hi I r.'i'iiril ■ - . l<«-k weir; d'nilree el dr fuilt . i/nrt.) sluice gate fur liUin;,' and <'iii!)l ving a dit'.li; /;. »//(/!> (/•'"-, lock sill; ■ •'t'-hir line -, to o|)('n a sluii(>; -de maniiuire, (fort.) sluice gale, for eniply- ii^g and filling a diti-li; h inarei TWintaiilc. tide-gate; j nHif d' . liM'kage; p >rlt d' - , l(K'k gale; dc rctcniu . {(int. i sluice gate, flood gate; h .tas. canal loci;; srn>ld- .lock Sill; n vanncs. Hood gate with (i[)oiungs; sash <clus4^, f., sluice-full, lock-full, of water; water dammed up In a river (otherwise not navi- gable). Ccluser, V. a., to provide with locks, sluices; to pxss a l)oat tlirough a lock; to lock. ecoincon^ m., (com.) diagonal; de ftnftre, (cons.) reveal of a window; de porte, jamb of a door; comer stone of the chamfering. 6cole, f., school; (mil.) school (i. e., drill); Instruc- tion, sea.son of instruction, of practice. I. General terms; II. French military schools. General terms: de bataillon, (inf.) school of the battalion (and similarly of the other units and duties, of all arms); ctieval qui a de V, trained horse; dcs distances, estimating-distance drill; dcsclairons, (mil. mus.) lu.;, lo practice; d'equitation, (man.) riding school; iifeu, (art.)) target practice, season of target practice, practical instruction in target practice; iifeu, (art.) long-range practice; haute, (man.) "high school" riding; d'intonation, (mil?) voice drill, instruction in the giving of commands at drill; de marechaile, school of farriery; de navigation, (pout.)  drill; de ponts, (inf.) bridge drill; rigimintaire, (mil.) regimental school: du, xoldat, (inf., etc.) rwruit drill, squad drill; supericure de guerre, war academy, staff drill; supericure de guerre, war academy, staff drill; des tambours, (mil. mv^s.) drum practice; de tir, (inf.) target practice, practice of the field, season of target practice; tir d', (inf.) target practice. II. French military schools: d' administration militaire, fur of officers, etc., the individual, at Vicksburg; d'lirrogation militaire, staff of instruction in ballooning, at Châlons; d'lirrogation de l'artillerie et de genie, s, i.'.ul of application for officers of artillery and of officers, at Fout;ubleilu (de For instance, the application of a cavalry, school of apportionment for officers of cavalry, at St. Louis (rail); some artillery and engineer officers. and n. c. o.'s "litiud to receive coinmissioiis ) (, de Saumur); d'application de midecine el de i>hnr.ji'i ., mititinrt. medical .school of application. \ il- do-(irace, I'aris; ■ d'apjilicntion dis porulres et .tnljirtri.i, s,'':>v:\ for tlie study of niililary cheuiistry, f .r ;"'..- technit-iois who eiUer llie ;'o»./r<A' 'it falj'i :ri s. at I'aris; d'tipjilicatini du .srik\' dr .lantr, \. d'ajtplicali"ii di medecine et dc phonnncif; - - d'artilhrii . one in ciu'h army corps ;iib' .ci,. at the lie.nlijUaMers ol tli« .Niu'etceuUi aMill.-';, bri',; \i\{\ for in-trui'liim of arlilicc! > and : .r; ';■ of in Jc!i;U f'lr lai^el pra<iice. and for oilier )■ li- poses ;elatcd to the artillery .scr\ ice; cenlra.'e de pyrotechnic militairf. v. i/c pymtictinii inilitniri : du Icr ('itme) dcyre, v. re'jimi uuiWt : tic diy<in lupniirtiiihijnr. at t!ie ■/. ■ ■■ ilc ' : gwrrc. t;ir the tr.nning of drau^'iilsnic-i f.ii t e gin ice (/( iHsraphiipii : - (/( dr'ssiKic an annex nf the ca\ ,;hy > li • 1 ; Saunru'. f'lr instrui lion in Il;e art li 1; i: : ■ horse>; 6eoIe 144 ^eouTillon tcole de la FUche, preparatory school for sons of ofTicers killed in action or who died without means {Prytanee milUaire de la Fltche); du gente, redmental school for the instruc- tion of n. e. o.'s for tlio teclmical instruction of t lie re^imont, the execution of experiments, and the supply of material for engineer service in the Qekl; d'in'itruction airostatiqv^, v. d'airosta- lion mililaire; de medecine et de pliannacie mililaire, v. du service de larite mililaire; militairc de I'artillerie et du genie, for instruc- tion of n. c. o.'s of artillery, of engineers, and of tlie train, fitted to become officers, at V'ersailles; ^— militaire d' infanterie , for instruction of n. c. O's fitted to become officers, at Saint-Maître (de Saint-Maître); militaire preparatoire, military preparatory school for the sons of soldiers, of suoultern officers, and of deceased field officers (four for the infantry, and one each for the artillery and the cavalry); naval veterinaire, trains candidates for the position of army veterinary surgeon; — — female de gymnastique, prepares fencing and gymnastic masters, for the army, at Joinville-le-pont; — normale de tir, at Châlons, has for object the training of musketry instructors and of musk-etry experts, the investigation of questions relating to small arms in general, the quarterly inspection of arms as manufactured, etc., and the preparation of rules for infantry fire; — — polytechnic, the Polytechnic, at Paris, commands officers of artillery and of engineers, and of certain civil employments, as the Fonts (t Chaussies, etc.; de pyrotechnie militaire At Bourges, for the instruction of n. c. o.'s recommended for the grade of marechal des logis chef artificier; is a center for the manufacture and investigation of military fireworks; — repimentaire, one in each regiment and detached battalion, comprising two courses, the first (cours preftaraloire) for illiterate soldiers, the second (cours preftaraloire) for n. c. o.'s and corporals reading for the grade of sub-lieutenant. These courses have been substituted for the colleges du l'État de Grèce, respectively; rigimentaire du genie, name ordinarily given to an du genie, q. v.; rigimentaire de tir, one to each regiment of intantry, for theoretical and practical instruction in intrigue practice; riémentaire de tir, so-called regional school, suppressed in 1851, had for object to spread among the reticements a knowledge of the progress of science in all matters relating to small arms and to small-arm practice; — — du service de sanitaire, preparatory to Val-le-tirace, for the preliminary instruction of medical cadets, at Joyous (de Lyon), de solles-fissures de l'artillerie et du génie; speriale militaire, furnishes officers of infantry, of cavalry, and of  in the open market, construction by days' labor) : Fr. a. saving of bread and oats (amounts not drawn); {in pi.) savings; politique, economics, political economy. Cope, f., scoop, swab, ladle. Cocher, f., outrigger; scaffolding pole; derrick; double, double derrick, counterpoise derrick; simple, single derrick. Corce, f., bark. Corce, v. a., to bark, strip off bark. Corce, v. a., to skin (an animal); to gall, rub; (fort.) to injure parapets, crests (by destroying regularity of slopes). Corchiire, I., gall, skin rubbed off; sous la selle, (hipp.) saddle gall. Ficorner, v. a., to chip; break off (a comer, etc.); wear off, make a breach in: (tiU.) to surprise, take, a convoy at one of its extremities. Coroner, I., splinter, comer broken off, chipping; breaking at the edge. Ceouane, f., rasp. Ceouaner, v. a., to rasp. Ceouelle, f., cup, saucer; sa Courier, V. a., (hipp.) to dock, crop (a horse's tail). Courier, V. a., (hipp.) to dock, crop (a horse's tail). Courier, m., flow, flowing off, running; draining, discharge; etnux; (mil.) passing on, transmission (of messages, signals); fosse d', drain; galerie d' — —, (min.) adit, day level; d. gueule bee, efflux of a filling tube; nasal, {hipp.) running at the nose; nasal d', drain level; vase d', waste pipe; voie d', outlet, water course. Courier, V. a., to flow off, drain; (sig.) to transmit, pass on (signals, messages). Courier, V. a., (hipp.) to dock a horse's tail. oute, f., (mil. win.) listener, listening gallery. Ccoit, a., clear, distinct; precise; monvenuent s, (man.) precise, meiusured moi einents; pas, (man.) regular, uniform step; trot, (man.) clear, well-marked trot. Ccouter, v. a., to listen; - — • son cheval, (man.) to follow one's hor'ie, to leave him to himself when he is executing his airs properly; le jias ecoutc le(s) lalon(s'i, (man.) tlio sici) is regular. Ccoilteur, m., (mil. min.) listener; earpiece of a telephone; a., v. ccouteui. Ccouteux, a., (man.) skittish; chdal , horse that pricks up his o;i.rs; horse slo;V ill starting. Ccoiitllle, f., (nai.) hatch, hatchway; (fort.) nian- hol.>. foouvette, f., sprinkling brush (of a forge). ecouvillon, m., (art.) spoime: articule, jointed sponge; bolle d' , sponge-lu\id : hnu/on d'— — , V. boite d' ■; • ■ brisi, V. — - articule; ii charniere, v. - — articuli; cn>.<<sf d' , V. bolt' d'- ; cuiller, gun-ladle; h grai!<s(r, oiling, greasing sponu'e; ii Itampe mahile. \ . arlicnii ; -h hampe ricunrhh , soongc wit h bent staff; -Uiier, sponge handspike (i'r. N>""i moun- tain gun K inonlinn .(aire moulinn V , to turn, cant, the sponge at drili; (couvUlon 145 effet tcouxlllon-T e/ouloir, sponge and rammer staiT; Ute d' V. boiU d'. tcouvlllonnep, v. a., {art.) to sponRe, sponge out. teraii, m., screen, fire-screen; (mit.) screen o( troops, e. R., cavalry screen: (r. /. or<.) deflector (lor empty cases); shield; {ball.) screen for direct measurement of ordinates of trajectory; ((. p.) target; manipulateur, screen or cutoff (as, of a signal- ing apparatus); de mreti, {mil.) cavalry screen. Ccrasenient, m., crushing, crushing in; collapse, lUin. destruction: (;>''( lived' , crusning test. Ccraser, v. a., to crush, bruise; (fi^-) to ruin, run over; to overwhelm (as, by artillery fire); mouUnh , crushing mill. Crraslt*, f., (ezpl.) ecrasite. fecr<5in<)lre, f., (artif.) rubber, grinder, scraper for tUe measuring table. 6crCter, v. a. {art.) to destroy, cut down, the top of a wall, a parapet, by artillery fire; (Jort.) to pierce (a wall for loopholes); une cote, to lower, cut down, a slope; une route, to cut down a road, treeless, f., crab; can hooks; large double hooks far raisine; heavy weights; de rempart, (cot), slang) foot soldier, "mud crusher." ferture, f., writing, handwriting; (in pi.) papers, ordinary papers; (top.) legends, any written or printed Indications on a map; coinmis av, x s, clerk: dilié, fine handwriting; sezterieures. (F. a.) accounts and papers kept by a troop unit, or by an establishment, with the state; — j-e inlcrieures, (Fr. a.) all accounts, papers, not included under s eittrieures; moulee, engrossed handwriting (as, in legends on maps) engrossing hand; pulleys, full, heavy, writing. fraternal, m., writer; clerk; purser. Trou, m., nut, screw-box, screw-nut, female screw; collar; (adm.) prison rotifier; (art.) holding-down nut; (sm. a.) cocking-nut; dans, wing-nut; dans, journaled screw-box; d'a-isemblage, (art., etc.) assembling nut; hitit d', (mil. adm.) order of confinement; bornie, (mach., etc.) follower, cap follower; hduhn a.coupling bolt; bouton, (sin. a.) cocking nut, cocking piece; d'a-ichès, wing-nut. thumb-nut; ft C'lnnetures, grooved mil; a cliixau, (art.) wheel-nut; de culasse, (art.) base ring, breech bushing; (I doullé, (art.) l'rake-nut; defritin, (art.) brake-nut (on axle of some carriages); d'a-ichès,  de vis de cu/as.s-c, (art.) Lise-ring, breocli busliing; de la vi. de poinlage, (art.) elevating-screw Kx. Crouler, v. a., to enter (name, cause of confinement, etc.) upon the prison register; to imprison. Crouler, a., (met.) cold-hammered, springy. Crouler, v. a. r., (met.) to cold-hammer, to hammer-harden; to harden by cold work-ing, as by rolling, drawing, etc.; to make crystalline from librous by hammering; to make brittle by hammering; to become springy. Croulessease, m., (met.) cold hammering, hammer hardening, cola hardening. Scrofula, m., (met.) v. Icrouissage. Scrofula, m., falling in, or down, giving way (of a building). Scrofula, m., to stumble in, to fall in; to give way; to fall into decay. Scrofula, m., shield; escutcheon. Scrub, m., disk of a wheel. Scrub, m., (nav.) hawse hole. Pencil, m., disk of a hawse hole. Scrub, v. r., to run down at the heel (of a shoe). Scrub, v. r., to run down at the heel (of a shoe).  horse); Klal)ling; {nav.) horse boat, horse transport. GUSSOI, m., escutcheon, scutcheon; (sm. a.) trigger plate (obs.); d'attribut, (tinif.) the figure of cloth on which are sewed the insignia, the number of the regiment; d'ipauUtte, (unif.) pad of an epaulet; ii numero, (unif.) shield or piece of cloth with regimental number. Ccuyer, m., scuire; horsonian. rider; good horse niiin; riding master; (cuyler; grai/, grand eunerry. Mciitcr, V. a.,  a., t) cir;ux, o.punge, rul) out, strike out, scrape out. efface, f., erasure, induction, blottling out. effect, If, a., effe(-livo. efface, m., (I'lil.) strength, number, i. o., the total strength, present and al), also; (in pi.) numbers; — hvdirtarrr. budgetarv strength, numbers as fixed by the annual unit; — de g'lurrc, war strength, total number on war footing. — ininjiu. mean daily strength of I'lc yi ir el'psod, i. e.. the nuinheis olitai.ie.l !•>' di- viiiuig tho total nnmlier of days pnvseat f r duly (.laen and horses) l>y •••■'> '•: — - lie jHiuz, du pied de jiaix, pea( e slreu.:tli, fooling; dii pied dc gxurrc, war footin;, war slrouizth. 