None
797 Burial of bodies on battlefield, 749 Butter as food, 345 Buttermilk as food, 346 Cabbage as food, 361 Calories, definition of, 363 Camps, care of water-supply in, 632, 678 concentration of troops in, 583 disposal of excreta in, 636 of garbage and refuse in, 666 establishment of, 632 food and eating in, 677 form of, 629 improvements in installation of, 635 laundry and lavatory in, 666 personal hygiene in, 680 plan of infantry, 629 poisonous plants in, 606 animals in, 609 police of, 681 regimental hospital in, 631 sanitation of, regulations for, 684 site of, 603 duration of occupancy, 682 influence of vegetation upon, 606 reasons for changing, 682 soil of, 605 Campaign or service hat, 436 Campho-phenol as insecticide, 179 Candles as illuminants, 559 Canned meat, 333 Canteen and cup, 470 Caps, regulation, 435 for cold regions, 439 knitted, night, 439 Carbohydrates, amount necessary, 365 composition of, 311 in tropics, 403 kinds of, 311 nutritive functions of, 317 Carbolic acid as disinfectant, 738 Carbon bisulphide as insecticide, 181 Carbon dioxid, how produced, 510 as air constituent, 410 as index of air pollution, 526 effects of, 525 in alveolar air, 525 reduction of, in nature, 511 tests for, in air, 526 Carbon monoxid, danger from, 528 in coal gas, 528, 560 in tobacco smoke, 528 tests for, 529 Carriers of infections, 2-5 Cartridge belt, 468 Cassava as food, 360 Cellars, requirements of, 479 Cellia mosquitoes, 173 Cellulose as food, 312 Cerebro-spinal meningitis, 90 Charcoal in niters, 304 Cheese as food, 346 Chest, effect of exercise upon, 212 how to expand, 213 in relation to height and weight, 187 method of measuring, 189 mobility of, 190 Chicken-pox, 94 Chimneys, effects of, on ventilation, 539 Chittenden's experiments, 367 Chloride of lime, 738 Chlorine, in water, 267 as disinfectant, 727 as water sterilizer, 283 Chocolate, composition of, 412 nutritive value of, 413 Cholera, etiology of, 51 prophylaxis of, 52 quarantine regulations in, 776 Cigar and cigarette smoking, 136 Cistern, for rain water, 258 Venetian, 306 Citric acid as water purifier, 289 Clams as food, 337 Clark's process for hard water, 265 soap test, 266 Climatic bubo, 103 Climatic variations, 686 Clonorchis endemicus, 106 Clothing, evaporation of, 423 fibers used for, 419 heat absorption of, 421 heat conductivity of, 422 heat radiation of, 422 hygroscopicity of, 421 in cold countries, 715 in relation to actinic rays, 425, 697. in the tropics, 704 outer, 424 permeability of, 420 waterproofing of, 432 weight of materials, 419 Coal gas as illuminant, 559 Coat, regulation dress, 428 regulation service, 429 Cocaine habit, 138 Cockroaches as disease transmitters, 146 species of, 146 destruction of, 148 798 INDEX. Cocoa, composition of, 412 effects of, 413 Coffee, composition of, 409 effects of, 409 value of, in field, 411 Coindreau strap for shoe, 445 Cold, effects of on body, 713 Cold climates, 712 campaigning in, 712, 716, 746 clothing in, 715 diet in, 713 diseases of, 717 stimulants in, 714 Cold storage, for fish, 337 for meat, 332 for oysters, 338 for poultry, 333 Colors and actinic rays, 697 Combustion, effects on air of, 523 Conduction of heat, 544 Congelation, prevention and treat- ment of, 717 Contact filter for sewage, 584 Contagious diseases, 26 Convection of heat, 544 Cooking, effects of, 328 of meat, modes of, 328 loss in, 330 in the field, 371 in foreign armies, 377 range, for the field, 372 outfit, individual, 372 Copper sulphate as water purifier, 288 Cork paint, on ships, 761 Corn or maize as food, 356 Cot, regulation, folding, 634 Cotton as material for clothing, 424 Cotton khaki, why discarded, 429 Cow pea as food, 357 Cremation of bodies on battlefield, 749, 75i Crematories for garbage and refuse: the rock-pile, for camps, 672 the grate, for garrison, 594 (see Incinerators) Creolin, 738 Cresols as disinfectants, 738 Crowding, effects of, 524, 680 Crustaceans as food, 338 composition of, 339 Culex mosquitoes, 165 Cuspidors in barracks, 494 Cyanid gas, 180 see hydrocyanic acid, 180 Cycloleppteron mosquitoes, 171 Cysticercus bovis, 324 cellulosae, 324 Dakin's solution, 739 Dampness, influence on health, 473, 598 in new buildings, 478 in cellars, 479 on ships, 761 Darnall, filter, 300 water purification by chlorin, 284 Datura or Jimson weed, as insecticide, 178 Deaths in U. S. Army, 4 in U. S. 799 Draft, nature and effects of, 543 Drain in house plumbing, 565 trapping of, 567 Drawers, regulation, 433 Dress coat, uniform, 428 Dress trousers, uniform, 428 Drinking cup, 251 Drinks, see Beverages Dry heat as disinfectant, 720 Dugout as winter quarters, 625 Dust, atmospheric, 517 microbial, 521 in air contamination, 520 in relation to heating, 554 Dysentery, etiology of, 45 types of, 46 prophylaxis of, 49 Ear, hygiene of, 248 protection of, 755 Earth, absorbent power of, 602 Earth-closet, 656 earth to be used in, 656 Eating and drinking, rules in, 406 Eggs as food, 347 Electricity as illuminant, 562 Emergency ration, 389 of the British army, 394 of foreign armies, 395 Entamoeba coli, 47 histolytica, 47 tetragena, 47 Entamebic dysentery, 47 Equipment, requirements of, 453 distribution of, on body, 455 weight of, 453 U. S. Army, 461 composition and weight of, 462 for cavalry, 471 for hospital corps, 471 Equitation as exercise, 226 Examination of applicants, 193 Excavating wagon for excreta, 655 Excreta, amount discharged, 564 as cause of infection, 636 composition of, 564 danger from, 636 disposal of, in camp, 636 by earth-closet, 656 by incineration, 658 by post holes, 653 'by sink, 640 by sub-surface irrigation, 591 by trenches, 637 nature of, 564 Exercise, object of, 201 effect of, on heart, 210 on height, 216 on lungs, 212 on muscles, 209 on skin, 215 on temperature, 202 on weight, 216 fatigue from, 207 forms of, 206 in the tropics, 688, 708 in cold countries, 713 lactic acid in, 203 overtraining in, 219 physiology of, 201 regulation of, 218 Exercises, special military, 225 the setting-up, 225 Extractives in meat, 310 Falk's winter quarters, 624 Fatigue, nature of, 207 Fatigue suit, canvas, 430 Fats, amount necessary, 365 composition of, 311 digestibility of, 322 nutritive functions of, 316 reduction of, in tropics, 402 Feet, care of, 242, 249 deformity of, from shoes, 442 Fencing as exercise, 226 Ferrous sulphate as disinfectant, 740 Field baking, 375 cooking, 371 kitchen, 677 lavatory, 666 mess-shelter, 678 ovens, 375 range, 372 Field hospital, 632 Filariasis, 105 Filters, water, Berkefeld, 291 Cincinnatus, 292 Darnall, 300 double-barrel, 305 granular, 304 improvised, 305 Japanese, 303 Jewell, gravity, 297 mechanical, 297 Pasteur-Chamberland, 291 pressure, 298 rain water, 258 sand-bed, 294 Filtration of water, sand-bed, 293 mechanical, 297 air-wash system, 298 rake system, 298 nature of, 290 of sewage, 581 8oo INDEX. 801 trap, 569 Green vegetables, 361 Griffith water-sterilizer, 279 Grippe or influenza, 96 Ground air, 598 moisture, 598 temperature, 599 water, 605 Ground, danger of sleeping on, 635 Guarana as beverage, 413 Guard-house, care of, 493 Gymnasium, hygiene of, 227 Gymnastic exercises, 221 Hallux valgus, 443 Hair, care of, 247, 248 Hands, washing of, 256, 742 Hard bread, 355 Hat, campaign or service, 436 Havelock, of helmet, 435 Haversack, 465 Head covering, 433 in cold countries, 717 Hearing, examination of, 197, 755 Heart, diseases of, 120 effect of exercise on, 210 effect of overstrain on, 220 examination of, 198 irritability of, 244 Heat, as disinfectant, 720 loss of, from body, 364 effects of dry, 545 moist, 688 effects of, on air dust, 554 of flame, 559 transmission of, 544 Heat-exhaustion, 704 Heat-stroke, 703 Heating, by hot-air furnace, 549 by hot water, 550 by open fire or grate, 546 by steam, 551 by stoves, 547 coils, location of, 552 systems of, 553 direct system of, 553 direct-indirect system of, 553 drying of air from, 545 indirect system of, 553 of ships, 760, 761 use of, in ventilation, 546 Height, regulation, for soldiers, 187 Helmet, as head covering, 435 Hematuric fever, 72 Hemoglobinuric fever, 72 Henneberg, trinkwasser wagon, 278 Heroin, 139 Hila monster, 612 Hookworm, 108 old world, 108 new world, 109 Horse meat, 322 Hospital, air space required in, 532 construction and disposition of, 498 floors and walls of, 500, 502 field, 632 general, 503 temporary, 505 pavilions of, 506 regimental, 631 standard post, 498 brigade, 502, 503 in tropics, 503 Hospital ship, 770 Hospital tropical tent, 620 ward tent, 622 Hot air, heating by, 549 Hot water, heating by, 550 Humidifiers, 546 Humidity of air, 513 effect of, on body, 513 effect of, in cold weather, 514 effect of, in hot weather, 514 indoor, 545 of ships, 760 Humus, nature of, 597 Huts, log, 624 excavated or dugouts, 625 Hydric trap, 572 Hydrocarbons or fats, 311, 322, 402 functions of, 316 Hydrocyanic acid as insecticide, 180 in disinfection of ships, 766 Hydrophobia, 99 Hygiene, nature and scope of, XV military, scope and aims of, XVIII of battlefield, 744 of toilet rooms, 576 Hygroscopicity of fabrics, 421 Hymenolepis nana, 106 Ice, ration of, 386 Ice-cream, 344 Identification record, 200 tag, 462, 749 Illuminants, 559 relative cost of, 563 vitiation of air by, 559 Immunity, nature and kinds of, 28 Imhoff tank, 582 Incineration of excreta, 658 of garbage and refuse. the Harris, 661 the Jones, 666 the Lewis and Kitchen, 665 the McCall, 658 the Q. M. Corps, 663 Incinerators for garbage and refuse, 668 the Caldwell, 672 company or kitchen, 668 the Guthrie, 671 rock-pile, 672 railroad-iron, 675 Infection, production of, 26 Infectious diseases, 23, 680 marked decrease of, 12 Infirmary, 631 Influenza, 96 Inlets, fresh air, 541 Insects as disease-transmitters, 143 in barracks, 494 Insecticides, 178 Insolation, 702 Inspection, physical, 127 in the Navy, 764 Interaction of food and work, 407 Intercepting trap, 568 Intestinal flora, how affected by diet, 369 Intestinal parasites, 106 Iodine as water purifier, 283 Irrigation in sewage disposal, 581 Irritable heart, 244 Itch or scabies, 112 camp, 112 dhobie, 112 Japanese field cooking stove, 378 pocket stove, 717 filter, 303 Jerusalem artichoke as food, 359 Jigger or sand flea, 146 Kala-azar, 103 Kephir as food, 346 Kidneys, overstrain of, 206, 221, 368 Kit, surplus, 465 field, 465 Kitchen, care of, 495 ambulant, 378 field, 677 improvised, in camp, 371 Kitchen pit, for liquid wastes, 667 Knapsack, 457 Kola nut, as stimulant, 413 Koumiss, 346 Lactic acid in muscle and blood, 203 action of, 204 Latrines, in camp, 631, 636 danger from, 636 disinfection of, 648 earth-closet, 656 firing of, 649 pit (see Sinks), 640 police of, 648 post-hole, 653 sanitary trough, 653 spraying of, 650 trench, 637 Latrine box, 643 the Havard, 643 the Lyster, 645 the standard, 645 the Straub, 645 Laundry in garrison, 254 in field, 666 Lavatory in garrison, 250 in field, 666 Leggins, uniform, 450 Leishmaniasis, 103 Lentils as food, 357 Leprosy, 102 quarantine regulations in, 780 Lice as disease transmitters, 144 destruction of, 145 species of, 144 Light and lighting, 557 effects of, 557 location of, 558 Lime as disinfectant, 739 bisulphide as insecticide, 181 chloride (chlorinated), 283 as disinfectant, 738 as water purifier, 283 as sewage sterilizer, 586 in treatment of wounds, 739 hypochlorite, 283 milk of, 739 Liquid wastes, disposal of, 668, 670, 671 Liver, abscess of, 49 effect of food excess on, 401, 693 effect of alcohol on, 416 Lizards, as poisonous animals, 612 Lockers for squad-rooms, 490 Lockjaw or tetanus, 97 Log huts, 624 Luminosity in flame, 559 Lysol, 738 Maize as food, 356 Malarial fevers, etiology of, 64 human cycle of parasites in, 65 mosquito cycle of parasites in, 67 parasites of, 64 INDEX. 8o3 prevalence of, 63 prophylaxis of, 67, 71 Malta fever, 80 Manchineel as poisonous plant, 608 Mansonia mosquitoes, 167 Manual of arms as exercise, 225 Manure, treatment of, 154, 674 March, forced, 234 general remarks, 233 rate and length of, 237 regulation of, 237 water drinking on the, 239 Marching, flexion step in, 235 in the tropics, 708 steps used in, 234 work done in, 244 Marine hygiene, 752 Marshes near camps, 604 Mate as beverage, 413 Mattress, regulation, 490 Measles, 94 German, 95 Meat, roasting or baking of, 329 boiling of, 329 broiling of, 329 canning of, 333 characteristics of good, 322 composition of, 319 constituents of, 318 cooking of, 328 desiccation of, 335 digestibility of, 321 extracts, 331 extractives, 318 frying of, 330 loss by cooking, 330 parasites of, 324 poisoning by, 327 preservation of, 331 refrigeration of, 332 salting of, 335 stewing of, 330 Meat-can, 465 Medical officer, status of, XIX duties and responsibilities of, XX Meningitis, cerebro-spinal, 90 Mercury, bichloride of, as disinfect- ant, 736 as insecticide, 181 Merriam pack, 459 Mees, company and general, 486 Mess kit, individual, 462 Mess-room, care of, 495 Mess shelter, for camps, 678 Methylic alcohol, 417 Meyer line in foot, 442 Micro-organisms in air, 521, 522 Milk, as medium for bacteria, 340 composition of, 340 diseases transmitted by, 341 dried or powdered, 344 examination of, 343 lactic bacilli in, 342 pasteurization of, 344 sterilization of, 343 toxic substances in, 341 Milk of lime as disinfectant, 739 Mites as disease transmitters, 141 Mittens, regulation, 439 Modern warfare, 745 prominent features in, 745 Moisture in heated air, 545 in walls of new building, 478, 479 in soil, 598 Mollusks as food, 337 composition of, 339 Morbidity and mortality in military service, I in the Navy, 4 in time of peace, 3 in tropical countries, 15 in war, 6 Morphine habit, 138 Mortality, decrease of, XVI from disease and wounds com- pared, 8 in U. S. Army, 4 in U. S. 8oS Preservatives, food, 336 Prismatic glass in windows, 559 Privy (see Latrines) the L. R. S. sanitary, 591 Proteins, amount necessary, 365, 370 bacterial decomposition of, 315 composition and nature of, 308 danger of excess of, 368 digestibility of, 321 experiments regarding, 367 kinds of, 307 nutritive functions of, 314 reduction of, reasons for, 368 in the tropics, 402, 693 Protozoa, 24 Proximate principles of food, 306 Psilosis or sprue, 50 Ptomains, 327 Pulses as food, 357 Purin bodies, 309 Puttees, 450 Pyrethrum as insecticide, 178 Pyrofume as insecticide, 179 Quarantine, definition and object, 774 interstate, 780 maritime, 775 municipal, 782 camp of detention in, 781 sanitary cordon in, 781 Quarantinable diseases, 774 special regulations for, 776-780 (see Sanitary convention) Rabies or hydrophobia, 99 Race, influence of, 18 Radiation of heat, 544 from body and clothing, 364, 422 Radiation, solar, 517, 695 Radiators, location of, 552 Range, cooking, for field, 372 Ratio of killed to wounded, 14 Ration, Army, 383 conclusions regarding the, 396 emergency, 389 field, 388 Filipino, 388 garrison, 383 composition of components, 3io t value in calories, 384 in foreign armies, 391 British army, 393 Chinese army, 398 French army, 391 German army, 393 Japanese army, 394 Russian army, 394 in the tropics, 400 conditions affecting, 400 reserve (haversack), 387 savings of, how expended, 398 trail, 390 travel, 386 U. S. Trench hygiene, 746 Trenches as straddle sinks, 637 Treponema (or spirochaete), 24 pallidum of syphilis, 122 pertenue of yaws, 103 Trichina spiralis, 325 Trichuris trichiura or whipworm, 106 Tricresol as disinfectant, 738 Tropical diseases, 15, 710 Tropical sore, 103 Tropics, barracks in, 705 cooling of, 706 beverages in, 694 blonds and brunettes in, 701 care of bowels in, 709 chilling of body in, 708 climatic features of, 687 clothing in, 704 diet for the, 402 effects of proteid diet in, 402 exercise in, 688, 708 fats in, 402 food in, 693 danger of excess of, 693 glare in, 557, 702 head-gear in, 704 heat dissipation in, 687 influence of, on blood, 689 on nervous system, 691 on pulse, 690 on respiration, 689 on body temperature, 690 on weight, 691 length of service in, 692 marching in, 708 rarefaction of air in, 690 skin pigmentation in, 700 tents in, 707 ventilation of barracks in, 705 water cooling in, 706 Trough latrine, 653 advantages and objections, 655 Trousers, uniform, 428, 451 Trypanosomiasis, 104 Tse-tse fly, 104, 156 Tuberculosis, cause of, 56 in cattle, 326 mode of infection in, 57 prevalence of, 54 prophylaxis of, 58 sanatorium treatment of, 59 Tubers as food, 358 Typhoid bacillus, 30 in feces and urine, 31 transmission of, 32 by flies, 34 by contact, 33 by clothing and tentage, 33 by water, 34 Typhoid fever, in the Army, 29 prophylaxis of, 38 statistics of, 36 susceptibility to, 37 vaccination against, 39 Typho-malarial fever, 30 Typhus fever, 81 etiology of, 82 former prevalence of, 11 quarantine regulations in, 779 Ultra-violet or actinic rays, 695 in water purification, 282 in illumination, 558 Underclothing, requirements of, 423 materials used for, 423 orange-red, 697 regulation, 433 Undershirts, regulation, 433 Uniform, requirements of, 426 color of the, 426 Uniforms in U. S. 