None
Knowing the normal poisons and the various sources from which they spring, I was able to stud}' a form of poison due to their retention, viz., uraemia. But I took care to distinguish it from the non-poisonous symptoms that arise in diseases of the kidneys, — albuminuria, haemorrhage, cardiac and arterial injuries, and oedema, including cerebral oedema. Thus, as you know, I only admit as urtemic symptoms those that are toxic. I have, moreover, furnished the only convincing proof of the realitv of toxic uraemia b}^ showing that the urine of uraemic patients is not poisonous. The urine of uraemic patients is not toxic, owing to the fact that all the poisonous substances normally eliminated by the urine are retained in tlie system of tliose suffering from this disease. But is all that is thus retained poisonous? If only a part is poisonous, which part is it? It is not urea. It is not the mass of extractive matter ; it is not potass exclusively. The toxicity cannot be explained by any one of these bodies singly. POISONING OF THE INDIVIDUAL BY FOOD. 285 Each of them contributes a different share to the general tox- icity,— the coloring matter three-tenths, the extractive matter one- to two- tenths, and potass and other mineral substances four- to five- tenths. The knowledge of the nuiltiplicit}^ of the toxic agents enables us to understand, according to the one which predominates, the many clinical features that ur£euiic poisoning ma}' assume, particularly the convulsive and the comatose forms. It explains the appearance of certain special symptoms, such as low temperature and pupillary contraction. I think I have succeeded in showing you, gentlemen, that these pathogenic observations not onlj- satisf}' scientific curiosity-, but that they have for corollaries practical applications ; and that, in a word, they are far from being unimportant from a therapeutic point of view. After having studied the form of intoxication resulting from the retention of the normal poisons, I commenced the studj' of the morbid conditions caused by the exaggeration of their formation, — for example, gastric disorders, constipation, and intestinal obstruction. I traced the history of various intoxi- cations by poisons of intestinal origin, such as toxaemia from bad sausages ; I quoted a case of Senator's, in which the cause of the malady was h\'drosulphuric acid, — a case of poisoning from fish, which I observed personall}', and in which the ill effects were attributable to the formation of an excessive quantity of alkaloids ; I called your attention to a case of poisoning from some preserved goose, in which Brouardel and Boutnij' discovered a poisonous alkaloid. I showed 3'ou that all these cases are, in reality, within the domain of infection before they end in intoxication. In all these cases, in short, we find, between the consumption of the tainted food and the appearance of toxic symptoms, rather a long period of incubation. It seems to me that the poison elaborated by the microbes in the tainted food was too small in quantit}' to cause poisoning, but that the microbes, continuing to multiply with greater rapidity in the alimentary canal, amounted in a few liours to a prodigious number, and that then the toxic matter elaborated by them formed a mass of sufficient importance to produce poisoning. Here, again, incubation obliges us to admit infection ; but tlie 286 LECTURES ON AUTO-INTOXICATION. infectious agents form a poison, and tlae infection ends in poisoning. But the most common condition in which we find in- toxication occurring through the excessive formation of poisons in the alimentary canal is, as I have told you, dilatation of the stomach, which, independently^ of the digestive and nervous troubles always recognized as being attendant upon the various forms of dyspepsia, seem to me to cause man}' other disorders. It engenders, especiall}-, a habitually chronic albuminuria, which ma^^ become permanent, but which remains curable for a long time, and which is rapidlj' cured if, suspecting its cause, we take the trouble to seek it out, and if, having discovered it, we know how to contend against it. It is by provoking anomalous gas- tric fermentation, b}' rendering excessive intestinal fermen- tation, b\^ preparing poisons, and especially acetic acid, that dilatation of the stomach vitiates the nutrition of the osseous tissue and produces a peculiar deformity of certain joints, — a kind of nodose rheumatism, osteomalacia, and, perhaps, rachi- tis. There are other diseases of degeneration which spring from disorders of the nutritive functions caused by dilatation of the stomach ; I will merel}' mention those in which this patho- genic influence is most manifestly shown, — chlorosis and pulmo- naiy phthisis. I showed the part plaj-ed, even in infectious diseases, by certain secondary intoxications, and I was thus led to expound to you my views as to the treatment of typhoid fever, the car- dinal points of which are, in mj' opinion, intestinal antiseptic treatment, general antiseptic treatment, antithermic treatment, — consisting of tepid baths, gradually cooled, — and a certain sys- tem of dietetics. I was thus enabled to formulate, with regard to typhoid fever, certain general rules that might be applied to other acute diseases. I showed 3'ou the share contributed by poisoning in jaundice. This poisoning is twofold. The bile, contrary to what was sup- posed, is poisonous mainly in its coloring matter. What saves the system from the toxic power of this coloring matter is the urine, which is continuall}^ eliminating a portion of it ; and also the cellular tissue and the fibrous tissues, the white fibres of which retain within themselves the excess of coloring matter RENAL ACTIVITY PREVENTS AUTO-INTOXICATION. 287 that is not eliminated, and which, if it remained in circulation, woidd seriously affect the working of the nerve-cells. On the other hand, the biliary salts increase disassimilation, destroy muscle-cells and blood-corpuscles, and thus set free organic and mineral poisons, particularly potass. Now, in man}' of the diseases that produce jaundice the liver, whose normal function is to protect the system against the intes- tinal poisons, is diseased or checked in its working. It ceases to exercise its protective influence ; it also ceases to form urea, and urea is the best diuretic. It is this substance which, by forcing the renal barrier, carries awa^- the other toxic material. Tlius, complete poisoning takes place, the successive phases of which are chola^mia, acholia, and ursemia. In fact, in jaundice, the true safeguard against poisoning is the kidnej-. As long as it acts, the patient's urine is veiy toxic ; not owing to the bile which it contains, but from the matter produced by ex- aggerated disassimilation. If the kidnej'S perform their work of depuration insufficiently, the urine ceases to be toxic, but the patient is poisoned through the retention of the normal poisons. We have seen that the normal poisons are not alone the cause of all intoxication. I showed you, in acute j-ellow atrophj- of the liver, an example of anomalous substances produced by the vitiated elaboration of matter b}' the S3'stem. I allude to certain unusual albumens, to the unusual transformation of medicaments, such as naphthalin, which ceases in the case of atrophy of the liver to pass from the system in the form of naphthylsulphite of soda. Amongst these anomalous substances there are some which are toxic. I will remind you that, in gl3-cosuric patients, besides the symptoms arising from incomplete destruction of the sugar formed b\- the system, the Litter may generate a substance which, in the urine of patients attacked with diabetic conuv, takes a claret-colored tinge when brought into contact with per- chloride of iron. This substance does not exist only in diabetic subjects ; it has been found in dyspeptic coma, in certain cases of cancer of the stomach, pernicious anaemia, leucocythsemia, and I have observed it in dilatation of the stomach and in 288 LECTURES ON AUTO-INTOXICATION. tj'phoid fever. It has been experimentally established, as you know, that this substance is toxic. Unlike the greater number of auto-intoxications that we have met with up to the present, what we call acetonemia is self-poisoning by an anomalous poison, — a truly morbid one. In cholera an anomalous elaboration of matter also exists, as shown by the violet coloration observed, even at the time of emission, in the urine of certain cholera patients that have been treated with naphthalin. But cholera is an example of complex poisoning, I told you that there exists in those attacked with cholera a primitive poison, the essence of which is unknown, which is produced either by the system under the influence of pathogenic microbes, or by these microbes themselves. The existence of this poison is shown, in m}^ opinion, by the special toxicity of the urine of cholera patients, which, on being injected into rabbits, produces in them the choleraic sj^ndrome, — the appearance of cholera, but not cholera itself. But I also told you that besides the symptoms caused by choleraic poisoning those suffering from cholera underwent, at a certain stage of the dis- ease, a secondary intoxication through the retention of the normal poisons, and I indicated mj-osis as the clinical criterion of the appearance of this ursemic poisoning. I concluded the series of these lectures with therapeutic ap- plications, with regard to intoxications in general, deduced from pathogenic knowledge. The treatment of self-poisoning derives several of its features from the antiseptic method. It was nat- ural, therefore, to see what result might legitimatel}' be expected from general antiseptic treatment. In conclusion, I gave 3'ou certain reasons and quoted certain experiments, of a nature to lead us to hope that in the future general antiseptic treatment maj' produce good results. And now, gentlemen, having taken a rapid retrospective glance at the ground we have gone over together, I think I am justified in making this assertion : When I have hazarded certain h3'potheses, I have never disguised from you the fact that they were hj'potheses ; on the other hand, whenever I have made positive affirmations, they have been supported by experimental demonstration. INDEX. AcetonfEniia. 247. 24S A.eet()ne, in urine. 142, 247 tests for, 142. 247 Acholia, abr.ornuil metabolism a cause of. 11 in jaundice. 228. 233. 234 Acid, acetic, in doufili, 179 in intestine, 16 in muscle-extr.'ict. 79 in putrefactive products, 16, 93 in tissues. 16, 79 in urine, 16 phalangeal nodes due to, 172 Acid bile, 140 Acid, boracic, an antiseptic, 98 butyric, in dough, 179 in intestine^ie in muscle-extract, 79 in putrefactive products, 16, 93 in tissues. 16, 79 in urine, 16 carbolic, an antipyretic, 198, 210, 211 an antiseptic,"9S. 196 and meicury, 196 in liougli, 179 in fceces, 141 in intestine, 16. 141. 142 in i)utrefactive products, 16, 93 in tissues, 16 in tvnlioid. 19.3. 219 in urine, 16, 141, 142 micro-organisms i)roduce, 12 toxic power of, 196 cholio, in intestine, 18, 223 cholalic, in intestine. IS, 223 diarrhoea, 1.39. 140, 168 dyspepsia. 1.39. 140 faeces of dilated stomach. 159 glycocholic, in intestine. 18. 223 hippuric. toxic power of, 118 nr;TPmia due to. 118 hydrochloric, an antiseptic, 88, 149, 158 183, 184 functions of. 149 in dilated stomach, 183, 184 lactic, in intestine, 16 in tissues. 16 in urine, 16 odor of breath. 1.59 oxalic, in intestine, 16 in tissue, 16 in urine. 16 uraemia due to, 107 stools, 139, 140, \r,9 sulphuric-, micro-<irganisms produce, 12 aputref.Tetive i>n>(luet, 93 taurocholic. in intestine. IS, 223 uric, vide TIric acid valeric, in putrefactive products, 93 vomiting, 139 Acids, bile excretion of. 227 fattv. micro-organisms produce, 12 ni dough, 179 in intestine, 16. 18, 141. 142, 223 Acids, in muscle-extract. 79 in putrefactive products, 16, 98 in tissues. 16 in urine, 16. 141, 142 toxic power of. 31, .32 vegetable, in typhoid, 217 Acne, in dilated stomach. 163 rosacea, in dilated stomach, 163, 171 Acquired diathesis, 7, 8 Acute atrophy of liver, circulatory svstem in. 232 " ■ hffimoirhages in, 232 jattndice in. 2.35 kidneys in, 232 metabolism in, 232 naphthalin in, 231. 232. 263 renal system in, 232 urine of, 232 Advantages of the intra-venous method of studv. 24 Agne. quinine in, 198, 209 Albumen, and i)eptones, 10, 17, 104, 164, 165 nephritis due to. 10 white blood-cells from. 17 Alhuminuri.n, exhaustion due to. 104 hydrajiniadue to. 104 in Briahfs disease, 103, 104 in diabetes, 246 in dil;ited stomach. 164, 171. 185 in intra-venous iniections. 25, 26, 33, 51 73. 87. 243. 264, 206. Alkaloids, in intestine, 97, 98, 155 in putrefactive products, 91-93 iu tissues, 15, 237 in urine, 10, 16, 30, 55, 67, 68, 77, 92, 97, 98, 125, 141, 150, 155 intestinal poisons due to, 139 micro-oiganisms produce, 12 mydriatic, 92 of cholera, 262 tests for, 15, 16, 94, 262 the total toxic power of, 125 toxic power of, vide Toxic power trypsin develops, 94 Amaurosis, in Bright's disease, 106 Ammoniemia, 48, 107, 11.5-117 convulsions in, 116 temperature in, 117 Ammonia, an antipyretic, 64, 116, 117 in blood, 115 in faeces, 96, 139 in intestine, 140 in putrefactive products, 93, 96, 140 in urine, 115 micro-organisms produce, 12 toxic power of, 58, 96, 97, 116, 117, 120 uraemia due to, 107, 115-117 Anaimia, pernicious, odor of breath in, 167, 247 urine of, 142, 247 urochromes of, 142 Angina, false, in dilated stomach, 161, 171 Anhidrosis, in toxaemia, 151 Anilin, antiseptic power of, 196 toxic power of, 196 Antagonism of the toxic powers of urine, 41-43, 62, 63, 122. 123, 239 Antidotes, in uraemia, 134, 135 Antipyretic, ammonia as an, 64, 116, 117 antipyrin as an, 199, 206, 210, 211, 215 carbolic as an, 198, 210, 211 quinine as an, 198, 199. 206, 209-211, 219 the, of urine. 63, 64, 117, 125 treatment, 205-217 baths in, 205. 206, 212-216 fnnits of, 205. 216 Antiseptics, anilin, 196 bile, 88, 93 boracic acid, 98 calomel, 98, 99, 199, 200, 218 carbolic acid, 98, 196 charcoal, 98, 100, 136, 174, 184, 191, 192, 218. 219 combined, the more effective, 197 creasote, 98 formulae for use of, 100, 218, 219 general, discussed, 194-199 hydrochloric acid, 88. 149, 158, 183, 184 in dilated stomach, 174, 183, 184 in typhoid, 191-193, 198-200, 218, 219 intestinal, 98-100, 136, 137, 191-193, 199, 219 iodoform, 99, 100, 136, 141, 174, 183, 184, 193, 199, 218, 219 naphthalin. 99, 100, 136, 141, 174, 183, 193, 218, 219 potassium iodide, 196 sodium iodide. 196 toxic power of, 99, 196, 197 uraemia, 136, 137 Anuria, choleraic, 78, 112, 271, 272 enemata in, 130 myosis in, 67, 272 obstructive, 105, 110, 111, 113 ocular symptoms in, 67, 272 Anuria, treatment of, 130, 277 urea of, 112 venesection in, 277 Aphasia, in dilated stomach, 161 Arthritic diathesis, 6-8 Arthritis in dilated stomach, 165, 166 Artificial toxaemia, methods of producing:. 23,24 ^' Ascites, exhaustion due to, 104 Asphyxia, death by, 22 normal substances a cause of, 10 toxic origin of, 22, 23 Asthma, in dilated stomach, 164, 171 Asthmatic type in dilated stomach, 171 Ataxia, dilated stomach m, 175 Bacillus glutinis, 179 of cholera, 252-255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 268, 269 of typhoid, 188, 189 injections of, 188, 189 pyocyaneus, 243, 244 injections of, 243 tests for, 243 Baths, in dilated stomach, 176, 177 in measles, 216 in pneumonia, 216 in rheumatism, 216 in scarlatina, 216 in typhoid, 207, 212-217, 219, 220 in uraemia, 128 inflammations due to, 216 limits of, 216, 217 methods of use of, 212-214 the results of, 214-216 Bile, acid, 140 acids, disease due to, 10 excretion of, 227 in intestine, 18, 223 amount secreted per diem, 84, 139, 222 an antiseptic, 88, 93 and urine, toxic power of, 80, 84, 85, 224 blood arrests, 224, 225 charcoal acts on, 81, 135, 136, 224 composition of, 222, 223 excretion of, 85, 227, 229 in urine. 229 intestinal toxaemia due to, 138, 139 intra-venous injections of, 80, 81, 225, 226 liver arrests, 80, 84, 222-224, 227 minerals, toxic power of, 82 83, 86 of dyspepsia, 140 pigment, vide Bilirubin poisons in, 139 potass in, 82, 83. 86 salts, tests for, 225 toxic power of, 81, 224, 227, 229 suppression of, 231 tests for, 223, 225 tissues arrest, 224-227, 229, 230 total toxic power of, 224 toxaemia, 222-235 toxic power of, vide Toxic power Bilirubin and bile-salts, toxic power of, 224,227 in intestine, 223 intia-venous injections of, 224, 226 l)roperties of, 223 tests for, 223, 225 tissues arrest, 225, 227 toxic power of, vide Toxic power Blood, alcoholic extract of, 77, 78 INDEX. 291 BloiHl, alkaloids in the, 15, 17, 77 aiuiiionia in, 115 amount of poisons in, necessary to pro- duce death, 73 cells, from albumen, 17, 165 destroy poisons, 17 liberate po.sons. 76-78 extract, intra-venous injections of, 77, 78 toxic power of, 77, 78 in diarrhoea, lUl indigo in, 15 intoxication of the, 87 intra-venous injections of, 73, 143 leucin in, 231 micro-organisms in, 188 minerals in, 87 of Bright's disease, 104, 105 of cholera, 78 of diabetes, 245, 246 of jaundice, 230, 231 of lardaceous disease, 104 of pyrexia, 205, 200 of typhoid, 188 of urajmia, 78, 112. 116 peptones in, 17, 165 poisons in the, vide Poisons portal, 15, 17, 72, 143 potassium in, 124 putrefactive products in, 88, 89 sugar ill, 245 sulphuretted hydrogen in, 15, 149 the sialagogue of, 57, 77, 78 the three sources of intoxication of, »7, 88 toxic power of, 69-78, 143 tyrosin in. 231 urea in, 112,116 xanthin in, 231 Bread, the fermentation of, 179 Breath, odor of, in coma, 167, 247 in diabetes, 167, 247, 248 in dilated stomach. 159, 163, 167, 247 in dyspepsia, 147, 247 in leukaemia, 167, 247 in pernicious aiiasmia, 167, 247 in typhoid, 247 Bright's tlisease, albuminuria in, 103, 104 amaurosis in, 106 blood of, 104, 105 cerebral haemorrhage in, 105 circulatory system in, 105, 106 coma in, 106 convulsions in, 106 cutaneous system in, 105 entorrhagia in, 105 epistaxis in, 105 liaemateiiiesis in, 105 haemorrhages in, 105, 106 hydrajiuia in, 104, 105 inflammations in, 106 nervous system in. 106 ocular svmptoms in, 106 oedema in, 105, 106 pericarditis in, 106 prurigo in, 105 purpura in, 105 retinitis in, 106 symptoms in, 103-106 Bronchitis, in dilated stomach, 164, 171 Bulimia, in dilated stomach, 159 Butyric acid, vide Acid, butyric Caffeine, in uranuia, 129 Calomel, an antiseptic, 98, 99, 199, 200, 218 in typhoid, 200, 201, 218 disadvantages of, 200 Canquoiu paste, a caustic, 162 Carbolic acid, vide Acid, carbolic enemata in typhoid, 193, 219 Carcinoma, gastric, coma in, 167 dilated stomach due to, 175 toxasmia due to, 155 Cardiac type of dilated stomach, 171 Cardialgia, in dilated stomach, 159 in dyspepsia, 139 Cerebral haemorrhage, in Bright's disease, 105 cedema, in jaundice, 234 in uraemia, 107, 109-111 Charcoal acts on bile. 81, 135, 136, 224 on faeces, 98, 100. 192 on putrefactive products. 92, 136, 141 on urine, 54, 57, 9S. Kio. 125. Circulatory system, in pyrexia, 203, 204 in typlioicl, 200 Clin oal types, the ten, of dilated stomach, 170-172 Coma abnormal metn holism a cause of, 11 (lial)etic, 107, 246-248 d\spnoea in, 167 in Bright's disease, 106 ill dilated stomach, 167 in dyspepsia, 140, 167 in gastric carcinoma, 167 in gastric ulcer, 167 in intra-venous injections, 32, 47, 55-57, 77 in toxieniia, 140 in urienua, 66. 106. 108 ligature of portal veui a cause of, 143 odor of l)reath in, 167, 247 pulse in, 167 respirations in, 67. 167 temi)erature in. 108, 167 the breath in, 167 urine of, 247 Constipation, headache in, 145 in dyspepsia, 146 in hypochondriasis, 145 in insanity, 145 migraine in, 145 nervous system in, 145 toxaemia in, 145 urine of, 142 vertigo in, 145 Consumptive type of dilated stomach, 171, 172 Coinnilsions, and myosis, 57, 63 in annnnna'inia, 116 in liriglifs disease, 106 in (lys'pupsia, 140 in emaciation, 240 in intra-venous injections. 34. 37, 38, 51, 55-57. 74, 77, 79, 86. 87, 93, 95, 233, 2:^7-240 in jaundice, 233 in typhoid, 240 in urajmia, 66, 106, 108 Convulsive, of urine, the inorganic, 64, 65, 125, 230 the oiganic, 62, 63, 65. 125. 230 potass.i. 58. 64, 65, 78, 79, 82, 95, 122, 123, 233, 240 urine of jaundice, 82, 86, 87, 233, 238 of pyrexia., 123, 238-240 of sleep, 37, 41 Copraemia, 101 Coryza, in dilated stomach, 164, 171 Cramps, in dyspepsia, 140 in intestiiial obstriiction. 144 in int:a-venous injections, 204, 265 Creatin. toxic power of, 79, 118 ura-mia due to, 118, 119 Creatiua-niia, 117, 128 Cresol, in putrefactive products, 93 in urine, 16, 142 Cupping, in uraemia, 129 Cutaneous eruptions, toxic origin of, 162, 163 system, excretion by, 18-20, 23, 131 in Bright'.i disease, 105 in diai)ctcs. 216 in diiirrhif'a, 139. 168 in dilated stoinacb. 161-163, 171 in dyspepsia, 139, 140. 147 in gastric fullness, 147 in gastro-enteritis, 168 Cutaneous system, in intestinal obctruc- tioii, 144, 155 in intestinal toxaemia, 140, 144. 151 in intra-venous injections, 263 in jaundice, 230, 235 in typhoid, 192, 215 in nr.iBniia, 131 type of dilated stomach, 171 CyaiKJSis, in intra-venous injections, 263 Deafness, in dyspepsia, 140 Death, amount of poison necessary to pro- duce, 73 by potassium, 123 by quinine, 211 ill infections diseases, 236, 237 Debility, dilated stomach due to, 175 Detinition, of diathes.s, 3 of urajmia, 96 of urotoxic co-efficient, 35. urine of, 132, 142 Diathesis, .acquired, 7, 8 arthritic, 6-8 definition of. 3 in dilated stomach. 165. 166. 169 Diet, iininoper, dilated sromach due to, 174 in dilated stomach, 177-182 in tyjihoid, 217-219 in ura^nia. 136. 137 toxic power of the urine varies with, 34 Digitalis, in uraemia, its dangers and uses, 129, 130 Disease, abnormal metabolism a cause of, 9-11 albumens a cause of, 10 Bright's. vide Bright's disease excess of minerals a cause of, 10 of water a cause of, 10 four pathogenic processes in, 2-12 infectious, dilate<l stomach a cause of, 176 dilated s*^'<mach due to, 175, 176 lardaceous, 104 INDEX. 293 Disease, inicro-oigaiiisiiis, a cause of, 4, 5, 9 in urine of, 188 nerve-reactions, a cause of, 2-8, (56, 163 normal substances, a cause of, 10, 11 odor of sweat indicates, 20 patliogenic processes in, 2-13 l>eptones, a cause of, 10 secretions, a cause of, 10 sweat indicates, 20 the causes of, must be combined, 9 urochromes of, 141. H2. 232. 247, 248 Diseases, causing exliaustion. 104 ilue to abnormal metabolism, 10. 11 skin, in dilated stomach. 102, 163 Diuretic, the, of urine, 00, 61 urea as a, 57, 60, 61, 67, 116, 130, 131, 228, 231 Diuretics, in uraemia, 129-131 Dysentery, a cause of exliaustion, 104 Dvslvsin,"in intestine. 18, 223 D^\si'>epsia, ac.d, 139, 14^) acid diarihoea in. 139, 140 vomiting' in, 139 alimentary system hi, 139, 140, 140, 147 brealli in, "147, 247 cardial^ia in, 139 circulatory sysieni in, 140 coma in, 140,167 constipation in, 146 convulsions in, 140 cramps ,n. 140 cutane:>>is system in, 139, 140, 147 deafness in, 140 diarrhoea in. 139, 110 dilated stomach due to, 161, 174, 175 <;vvthema in. 1:19 fa?ces in, 139. 140 fat 'sue in, 140 hcaclache in, 140, 147 intestinal antisei>tic-i in. lil intestin.Tl gases of, 140, 148, 149 lavnge in, 147, 148 nervous system in, 140. 147 ocular symptoms in, 140 paralyses in. 140 pyrosis in, 139 renal svstein in. 140 secretions of. 139, 116, 147 sulphuretted hvdiogen in, the intes- tines of, 140, 14S. 149, 15') symptoms of, 139, 140, 146, 147 taste in, 137 teeth in, 139 toxaimia in, 140, 14S. 149, 155 treatment of, 147, 148 tirneniic svmptnms in. 140 urine of, 140-142, 240. 247 urochromes of, 141, 142, 247 vertigo in, 140. Faeces, extractives in, 141 extracts of, 94-96, 98 fetid, 159 indol in, 141 intra-venous injections of extracts of, 94, 95, 9» minerals in, 139 naphthalin acts on, 99, 100 of cholera, 262 of dilated stomach, 159 of dyspepsia, 140 organic matter in, 139 poisons in. 139, 141 potass in, 96, 139 putrefactive products in, 94, 96 toxic powei- of, 94-96, 98, 139 watery extract of, 94-96 Fatigue, in dyspepsia, 140 Fats, excretory power of kidney for, 103 Five modes of action of microbes, 11, 12 (1) anatomical (2) destructive (3) ingestive (4) obstructive (5) productive Five theories of urjemia, 107-128 (1) aninionaeiiiia, 107, 115-117 (2) cerebral oedema, 107. 109-111 (3) extractives, 107, 117-119, 125 oxalic acid, 107 urochromes, 107, 119, 125 (4) minerals, 107, 120-126 (5) urea, 107, 112, 113 Flatulence, in dilated stomach, 159 Food, intestinal poisons due to, 96, 97, 138 uraemia due to, 126, 136 Formula for use of charcoal, 100, 218, 219 of iodoform. 100, 218. 219 of naphthalin, 100, 218, 219 Four pathogenic processes, 2-13 (1) disturbed nutrition (2) elementary dystrophies (3) infection (4 1 nerve-reactions Four sources of intestinal poi.sons, 138-153 (1) bile (2) faeces (3) food (4) putrefactive products Four sources of toxic materials, 96 (1) food (2) glands (3) putrefactive products (4) tissues Four sources of uraemia, 126, 134-138 (1) disassimilatiou (2) food (3) putrefactive products (4) secretions Gangrene, in typhoid, 190 Gases, in intestine, 19, 140, 148, 149, 155 Gastric carcinoma, coma in. 167 dilated stomach due to, 175 toxaemia due to, 155 urine of. 295 Inhalations, in dilated stomach, 177 in uraemia, 128, 135 Injections, in ui:T?iiiia, KW intra-venous, iillmminuiia in, vide A\ buminuria alimentary sj'stem in, vide Ali- mentary system circulatory "system in, vide Uircu- latorv system coma in. vide Coma convulsions in, vide Convulsions cramps in. 264, 2<)0 exophthalmos in, 33, 37, 38, 74 liEeninturia in, 33, 51 ha'moi rliages in, 33, 51, 73-75 morliid anatomy in, 88, B9, 143 inyiisis in, I'/rfe 'Myosis nervous system in, vide Nervous system ocular symptoms in, vide Myosis and Nervous system of alcohol, 27. 28 of Mlcoholic extracts, 55-57, 77-79, 91, 95, 142, 143, 267. 268 of bile, 80, 81, 225, 226 of blood, 73. 143 of lilood-extracts. 77. 78 of blue pus, 243. 244 of choleraic urine, 263-267 of diabetic urine, 24, 25 of evening urine, 36-39 of extracts, vide Extracts of fsecal extracts, 94, 95, 98 of glvcerin, 28 of jaundiced urine, 86. 87, 238 of iiver-extract. 78. 79 of micro-organisms, 26, 188, 189, 243, 244 of morning urine, 36-39 of muscle-extracts, 78, 79, 88, 89, 92, 93, 142, 143 of patholosrical urines, 24-26, 34. 86, 87, 237-240 of pus, 243. 244 of putrefactive prodncts, 88, 89, 91-93. 142. 143 of pyrexia! urine. 238, 239 of septic urine. 26 of serum. 74-76 of sleep, urine of, 36-43 of soda-lve, 52 of tetanic urine. 237, 2.38 of typhoid bacillus, 188. 189 of urea. 49,50. 61. 112, 113 of uric acid. 51, 52 of urine, 25-,59, 86, 87, 237-240, 267, 268 of urochromes, 53 of water, 27, 75, 76, 111 of watery extracts. 54-56. 94-96, 268 reflexes in, vide Reflexes renal system in. vide Renal svstem respiratory system in, vide Respi- ratory system salivation" in, vide Salivation temperature in, vide Temperature the strength of. 28 urine in, 264-267 subcutaneous, albuminuria in, 24 of urine, 24 Insanitv and constipation. 145 Intestinal .-intiseptics, 98-100, 136, 137, 191- 193. 1!I9. 219 in dilate<l stomach, 174, 183, 184 Intestinal antiseptics, in dyspepsia, 141 in typhoid, 191-193, 198-200, 218, 219 in ura?mia, 136. 1.37 disease, indican and indol of, 141 urine of, 141. 142 fermentation, symptoms of, 139 gases of dyspepsia, 140, 148, 149 obstruction, circulatory system in, 144, 155 collapse in, 144 cramps in, 144 cutaneous system in, 144, 14ft eartliy pallor of. 1-14 erythema in, 155 lavage in, 147. Jaundice, fatty degenerations in, 227, 230 glands in, 23U haemoglobinajmia in, 230 haemonliages in, 230, 232, 235 hydraemia m, 234 in acute yellow atmphy of liver, 235 in dilated stomacli, 159^- 160, ITO intra-venous injection of urine of, 86, 87, 238 kidneys in, 227, 228, 230-235 leucin in. 231 liver in, 228, 230-235 metabolism in. 227, 228, 230, 231, 233 prognosis of. 233 pruritus in. 230 pulse in, 230 purpura in, 235 I)vrexia in, 235 renal system in, 227, 228, 230-235 spleen in, 230 symptoms in, 225. 230 temperature in, 235 theories of. 234 tissues in, 224-227. 229, 2:^0 toxaemia in, 222-235 toxic power of urine of, vide Toxic power tyrosin in, 231 uraemia in, 233-235 urea of, 228, 231 urine of, 82, 80, 87, 225-227, 229, 231, 233, 238 xanthin in, 231 Kidneys, excretion bv the. 19. 21. 70, 71, 73, 86, 103, 116. 229, 230, 241, 242 floating, 160, 164. 170 in atrophy of liver, 232 in dilated stomach. KiO, 164. 172 in jaundice, 227, 228. 230, 232, 235 in typhoid, 188 in uraemia, 106, 108, 131 micro-organisms in the, 188 vide Renal system Lactic acid, vide Acid, lactic Liardaceous disease, albuminuria in, 104 exhaustion due to, 104 hydraemia in, 104 metabolism in. 104 peptones of, 104 Latent type in dilated stomacli, 170 Lavage, hi dilated stomach. 147, 17«, 183, 184 in dyspepsia, 147, 148 in intestinal obstruction, 147, 148 in toxaemia, 147. 148 Leeches, use of, in uraemia, 129 Leucin, disease due ti), 11 in blood, 231 in dough, 179 in muscle-extract, 79 in putrefactive proilucts, 93 in tissues, 231 in urine, 231 toxic power of, 11, 78, 93, 119 uraemia due to. 119 Leucocythajmia, the breath in, 167, 247 urine of, 142, 238, 247 urochromes of, 142, 247 Leucorrhcea, exhaustion due to, 104 Liver, acute yellow atrophy of, 231, 232, 235, 263 atiophv of, 227, 228. 230-234 bile arrested bv, 80, 84, 222-224, 227 Liver, enlarged, ectopia due to, 160 -extract, intravenous injection of, 78, 79 fatty degeneration of, 227 functions of the, 230. 231 in dilated stomach. 150, 160, 170 of jaundice, 228. 230-235 poisons arrested h\, 17, 18, 22, 80, 84, 142-144, 222-224, 227 putrefactive products an ested by, 143 Lungs, excretion by the, 18, 20. 21, 23, 131 Measles, baths in. 216 ]\Ieat, tainted, toxiemia due to, 151-153 iSIeat-extract, in typhoid. 217 Mercury, advantages of, 20U, 201 ail antiseptic, 98, 99. 297 Minerals, as intestinal poisons, 13S, 139 disease due to excess of, lu in bile, 82, 83, 8ti in blood, 87 in faeces. 139 in tvphoid. 217 in urine, 57-59, 64, 65, 82, 83, 110, 117, 120, 122, 124-126 table of the toxic power of, 124 total toxic power of, 125, 126 toxic power of, vide Toxic power nrseiuia due to, 107, 120-126, 233 Mixed urine, toxic xiower of, 42, 43 Morbid anatoniv, in intra-venous injec- tions, 88, 89, 143 of uraimia, 110 Morning, the urine of, 36-43 urine, intra-venous injection of. 36-39 Mortality of typhoid. 192, 193, 200, 220, 221 Muscle, alcoholic extracts of, 79, 142, 143 and urine, the toxic powers of, 93 -extract, composition of, 79 intra-venous iniection of, 78, 79. 88, 89, 92, 93, 142, 143 putrefactive products of. 93 watery extract of, 79, 92, 93 Mydriasis, in intestinal obstruction, 155 in toxaemia, 151 Mydriatic alkaloids, 92 Myosis, and convulsions, 57, 63 in anuria, 67, 272 in cholera, 67, 124, 271, 272 in intra-venous injections. 26. 32, 33, 36-38. 46. 53. 5.3-57, 74, 79. 86, 87, 93, 237, 238, 240, 263 in uraemia, 67, 124 Myotic, the, of urine, 63, 125 Naphthalin, action of, on faeces, 99, 100 on urine, 99, 100 formula} for use of, 100, 218, 219 in acute yellow atrophy of the liver, 231, 232, 263 in cholera, 2:32, 260. 261, 263 in dilated stomarh, 174, 183 in typhoid, 193, 218, 219, 232, 263 in ursemia, 136, 137 in urine, 99, 100, 232 Narcotic, the, of urine, 62, 125 urine, 41, 239 Nerve-reactions, a pathogenic process, 2-8 diarrhoea due to, 6 disease due to, 2-8, 66, 163 epistaxis due to, 6 haemorrhages in, 6 liolyuria due to, 6 syncope due to, 6 -stimulation in uraimia, 129 Nervous debility, dilated stomach due to, 175 influences induce disease, 2-8, 66 precede infection, 6, 7 system, in ammonsemia, 116 in anuria, 67, 272 in Bright's disease, J06 in cholera, 67, 124, 271, 272 in constipation, 145 in diabetes, 167, 246, 217 in dilated stomach, 161, 167, 170, 171 in dyspepsia, 140, 147 in inlia-vciious injections, 26, 32-34, 36-3S, -16, 47, 51. o3. 5-5-.57, 74. 77, 79, 86, .S7, 92-95, 233. 237-210. 263 in toxasmia, 14u, 144. 166, 172, 176 Phlebitis, in dilated stomach, 165. 171 Phthisis, in dilated stom.aoh, 15s;. 172 Physical signs of dilated stoiiuicli. 156-158 Pityriasis versicolor, in dilated stomach, 162 Pneumonia, baths in, 216 <iuinine in, 198 Poison, urasmia is a complex, 109, 127, 128, 138, 233 Poisons, amount of, necessary to produce death, 73 blood a source of, 77, 78 arrests, 17. 224. 225 excretion of, 15, 18, 20-23, 66, 70-73, 102, 103 food a source of, 96, 97, 138 gastric juice neutralizes, 88, 93 in blood, 15. 17, 70-73, 88, 96 in f;i3ces, 139. 141 in the aliiiieiitarv system. 88. 93, 97, 101 in tissues, 16, 22, 83," 96, 97, 224-227 in urine. 16. 141, 112 liver anests. vide Liver modes of arrest of. 144 origin of, 96, 97 298 INDEX. Poisons, purgatives remove, 132 putrefactive products a source of, 88- 90, 138. 139 Portal blood, 15, 17, 72, 143 indigo in, 15 sulpliuretted hydrogen in, 15 toxic power of, 72, 143 vein, coma after ligature of, 143 Potassium, action of, as a toxic power, 122, 123 an antiseptic, 196 as a convulsive, vide Convulsive bromide, dangers of, 134 cliloride, toxic power of, 122, 124 death by, 123 in bile, §2, 83, 86 in blood, 124 symptoms due to, 123 total toxic power of, 125, 126 toxic power of, vide Toxic power ur;emia due to, 107, 120-126, 233 Prognosis, of dilated stomach, 185 of jaundice, 233 Pruritus, in jaundice. 230 Ptisan, in typlioid, 217 Puerperal fever, quinine in, 198, 210 Pupil, Vide Mydriasis and Myosis Purgatives, in surgical operations, 148 in typhoid, 193, 218 in uraemia, 131. 132. 135 remove poi.sons, 132 Purpura, in Bright*s disease, 105 m dilated stomach, 165 in jaundice, 235 Putrefactive products, alkaloids in, 91-93 ammonia in, 93, 96, 140 ami urine, 93 a source of poisons. 88-90. 138. 139 charcoal acts on, 92, 136, 141 composition of , 93 extracts of. 88, 89, 91-93, 96, 142, 143 in blood, 8S, 89 in faeces, 94, 96 intra-venons injection of, 88, 89, 91-93, 142, 143 liver arrests, 143 toxffimia due to, 139-141, 145, 149-153 toxic power of. vide Toxic power principles in, 93 trypsin ilcvclops. 94 urgeniia due to, 126. 134-136, 233 Pylorus, obstructed, dilated stomach due to. 175 Pyrexia, artificial, 203 baths in, 206, 207, 212-217, 220 blood of, 205, 206 circulatory system in, 203, 204 convulsive urine of, vide Convulsive diet in, 217-219 discussed, 202-209 effects of. 202, 203 heart in, 204 in jaundice, 235 in typhoid, 191 metabolism in. 204 multiple causes cjf. 205, 207-209 pathologv of. 205. 206, 208, 209 quinine in, 198, 199, 206, 209-211, 219 salutary, 202 treatment of, 20,5-207. 209-217 urine of, x'ide Convulsive urochroines of, 240 venesection in, 205 veratrin in, 205 Quinine, an intermittent remedy, 210 death due to, 211 in ague, 198. 209 in pneumonia, 198 in puerperal fever, 198, 210 in pyrexia, vide Pyrexia in typhoid, 198. 199, 206, 207, 210, 211, 219 limits of, 198, 206. 299 stomach, dilated, alcoholism a cause of, 175 aliuientaiy system in, 159 and t\ plioid. 176, 1S(J aii<;iiia. false, in, Itil. 171 antiseptics in. 174, 183, 184 aphasia in, 101 arthritis in, 165. 166 asthma in, 164, 171 asthmatic t\ pe of, 167 baths in, 176, 1.7 bread in, 178, 179 bronchitis in. 161, 171 Vwlimia in, 159 carcinoma a cause of, 175 cardiac type of. 171 cardialgia in. 159, 171 chlorosis in, 158. 172 circulatorv system in, 158, 161, 16o, 167. 171, i72 ■ clinical types of, Ii0-li2 coma in, 167 consumptive type of,_171, 172 contractions in. 161, 171 coryza in, 164, 171 cutaneous system in, 161-163, 171 cutaneous type of, 171 debility a cause of, 175 diathesis in, 165, 166, 169 diet in, 177-182 dyspepsia a cause of, 161, 174, 175 dyspeptic type of ,170 dyspnoea in. 164, 167 _ eczema in, 162, l63, 171 emaciation in, 165 enemata in. 182 enteritis in, 159 erythema in, 163 etiology of. 169, 174-176 faeces of, 159 fluids in, 178, 180, 181_ gastric causes of, 175 gastritis in, 159 haemorrhages in, 165 headache in, 161 hemionia in, 161 hepatic type of. 170 heredity in, 169, 175 hvdrochloric acid in, 183, 184 hypochondriasis in, 171 iriiproper diet a cause of, 174 in ataxia, 175 in goitre, 175 infectious disease a cause of, 175, 176 infectious disease due to, 176 inhalations in. 177 iaundice in, 159. 160, 170 kidneys in, 160. 164, 170 latent tvpe of. 170 lavage in, 147, 178, 183, 184 lithiasis in, 170 liver in, 159, 160, 170 mental causes of, 175 migraine in, 170 milk in, 180-182 nervous causes of, 175 nervous system in, 161. 167, 170. 171 nervous type of. 170, 171 neuralgia in. 161 night-sweats in. 161 nodes, bony, in. 165. 166, 172, 176 ocular atfections in, 161 Stomach, dilated, osseous system in, 16.3- 168, 172. 176, 185 osteomalacia in, 166, 167, 172 paralyses in, 161 pev)t(ine> in, 1S2 percussion sign in, 1.56 l)UlelHlis in, 165, 171 phthisis in. 158, 172 physical signs of, 1.56-158 pityriasis versicolor in, 162 prognosis of. Ifi5 purpura in, 165 renal system in, l(iO, 104, 16.5, 171, 185 respiratory system in, 1.58, 168, 164, 167, 172 rheumatic tvpe of, 171 rickets in, 160, 168, 172 splashing sign in. 1.57, 158 stimulants in. 178, 181 succussion sign in. 156 symptoms of. ].5.'<-172 tiie breath in, 1.59. 10:!, 167, 247 the s\veat of. 162 the ten clinical types of. 170-172 toxemia in. 1.5.5-172 treatment of, 174-186 urine of, 142, 164, 165. 171, 247 urochromes of. 142. 165. 247 urticaria in, 162, Ibo, 171 vertigo in, 161 Succussion sign, in dilated stomach, 156 Sulphuretted hydrogen, vide Hydrogen sulphide Sulphuric acid, vide Acid, sulphuric Summary of the treatment of typhoid, 218-220 of uraemia, 137 Sweat, vide Odor of Symptoms, in anuria, 67, 272 in Brighfs disease, 103-106 in jaundice, 225, 230 in potass poisoning, 123 in toxaemia. 150. 1.51 in typhoid. 190. 191. 200 in uraemia, 66, 67, 106. 108, 109 of ammonaemia, 116. 117 of dilated stomach, 158-172 of dyspepsia, 139-147 of gastro-enteritis, 108 of intestinal obstruction. 144, 145, 1.55 Table of the toxic power of minerals, 124 Taurocholic acid, in intestine, 18, 223 Teeth, changes in the, in dyspepsia, 139 Temperature, in ammonaemia, 117 in cholera. 271 in coma, 108, 167 in intra-venous injections, 25, 26, 33, 36-38. 47, 49, 53, 55-57. 238, 240, 243, 264. 265 in uraemia, 67, 108, 135 vide Pyrexia Ten, the, clinical types of dilated stomach, 170-172 (1) asthmatic (2) cardiac (3) consumptive (4) cutaneous (5) dyspeptic (6) hepatic (71 latent (8) nervous (9) renal (10) rheumatismal 800 INDEX. Tests, for acetone, 142, 247 for alkaloids, 15, 16, 91, 2(32 lor bacillus pvocyaneub, 213 for bile, 223, 225 Tetaiiiis, the uniie of, 237, 2:!.S Therapeutics, general, 278-27i> Three, the, souices of intoxication of blood, 87, 8S (1) bile (2) minerals (3) putrelactive products Tissues, a toxic source, 96 acids in, 16, 79 alkaloids in, 15, 237 bile arrested by liie, 221-227. 229, 230 in jaundice. 221-227, 229, 23U in ureeinia, 112 leuciu in, 231 micro-organisms in the, 11, 12 poisons in, vide Poisons urea in the, 112 Toxaemia, acute intestinal, 138-153 anhidrosis in, 151 bile, 138, 139. 222-235 chronic intestinal, 155-lSi') constipation a cause of. 115 cutaneous system in. 110, 111, 151, 1.55 diarrhoea a cause of, 155 etiology of, 145, 155 food a source of, 90, 97, 138 four sources of. 96, 138-153 hydrogen sulphide a cause of, 148, 149 in dilated stomach, 155-172 in dysiiepsia. vide Dyspepsia in hernia, 145 in jaundice, 222-235 in typhoid. 190 methods of producing artificial, 23, 24 nervous system in, vide Nervous sys- tem ocular symptoms in, 151, 155 paralyses in, 151 putrefactive products a source of, vide Putrefactive products symptoms in, 148-151 tainted food a cause of, 119-153 treatment of, 147, 148 urine of, 140-112 urochromes of, 142 vertigo ni, 150 vomiting in. 150 Toxic accidents, why infrequent, 17 coefficient, 35. 47 materials, 96, 138-153 origin of cutaneous disease, 162, 163 Toxic power, of acid urine, 31, 32 of alcohol. 28 of alkaloids, 10, 14, 15, 18, 30. 54, 56, 58, 62, 67, 68, 77, 91-94, 125, 139, 151, 237, 239 of ammonin, 58, 96, 97, 116, 117, 120 of anil in, 196 of antiseptics, 99, 196, 197 of aromntics of urine, 53 of bile, 15, IS. 80-82, 84-86, 96, 97, 119, 135, 139, 224-235 and unne, 80 84, 85, 224 of bilirubin, 81, 119, 135, 139, 224, 229 of blood, 69-78, 143 of carbolic acid, 196 of cholesterin, 81, 222 of creatin. 79. 118 of extractives. 117-! 10, 125 of faeces, 94-96, 98, 139 Toxic power, of glycerin, 28 of lisemoglobm, 78 of hipijuric acid, 118 of jaundiced urine, 82, 86, 87, 229, 243, 2:38 of leucin, 11, 78, 93. 119 of leuksemic unne, 238 of mercurv, 196 of mineral's, 10, 15, 18, 43, 48, 53, 54, 57, 58, 61, 64. 65. 77-79, 82, 83, 86, 9-5-97, 120-126, 134, 138, 139. 196. 123 origin of the. 69 ratio of the, 1.0 the seven, 60-65 Treatment, antipyretic, vide Antipyretic antiseptic, vide Antiseptic hydrcipathic, vide Baths of anuria, 1.30, 277 of cholera, 260, 261 of dilated stomach, 171-186 of dyspepsia, 147, US of nieasles, 216 of pneumonia, 207, 216 INDEX. 301 Treatment, of pnerperal fever, It'S, 210 of rlieuniatism, '21H of scarlatina, 21(i of typhoid, 191-22(1 of uraainiia. 128-lo7 Trypsin develops allcaloitls, 'J-1 Tvphoid, ansemia in, 200 and dilated stoniacli, 176, 1&6 t)atlis in, ride Batlis blood of, ISS calomel in, 200, 201. 218 carliolio acid in, 193, 219 charcoal in, 191, 192, 218. 219 circulatory system ni. 200 complications of. 190. 200 convulsions in, 240 cutaneous system in. 192. 215 diarrhoea in, 189 diet in, 217-219 emaciation in. 191. 204, 218, 240 endocarditis in, 200 eneniata in, 193, 219 ervsipclas in. 190 etiolosv of, 176, 189 glycerin in, 218, 219 hKiuorrhages in. 200 inoculation of, 188, 189 iodoform in, vide Iodoform metabolism in, 204 micro-(jrg;inisms of, 18S, 189 milk in, 217 minerals in. 217 mortality of, 192. 193, 200. 220. 221 uaplitliaiin in. vide Naphthalin oi'ular symptoms in, 92 jicprones in, 217-219 ptisan in. 217 purgatives in, 193,218 pyrexia in, 191 quinine in, f/de Quinine respiratory system in, 190, 200 sequeloe of, 200 suuimarv of treatment of, 218-220 svnii)toins in, 190. 191. 200 the bacillus of. 188, 189 the breatli in, 247 tlie glands in. 188 toxffiinia in. 190 treatment of. 191-220 urea of. 201 Tirine of, 92, 141, 142, 188, 192, 238, 247 uroohromes of, 142. 247 vegetable acids in, 217 Tyrosm, in blood, 231 in dougli, 179 ill muscle-extract. 79 in putrefactive products, 93 in uiiemia. 119 in urine, 281 toxic power of, 119 Uraemia, a complex poison, 109, 127, 128, 138. 233 abnormal metabolism a cause of, 126, 184, 13.5 alimciitarv system in, 108. 109. 126, 134, 135 ammonia a cause of, 107. 115-117 antidotes in. 134. 135 aiitisciiti<'s in, 1.3(1. 137 l):irlis in. 128 blood of. 78, 112. 116 bromides in : tlieir daggers. 134 catfeinc in, 129 Ursemia, cerebral oedema a cause of, 107. 109-111 charcoal in. 136, 137 chloral in. 134 cliloroform in, 1.34 coma 111, 66, 106, 108 convulsions in, 66. 106, 108 creatin a cause of, 118. 119 cutaneous system in, 131 definition of, 96 diarrhoea in, 108, 132, 133 diet in, 136, 137 digitalis in, 129, 1.30 tliniinislied metabolism in. 1-35 diuretics in, 129-131 dyspncea in, ti7, 108 emetics in, 131 enemata in, 130 etiology of, 109 extractives a cause of. 107, 117-119,. 125 food a source of, 126. 136 four sources of. 126, 134-138 headache in, 108 hippuric acid a cause of. 118 hydrsEmia a cause of, 107, 109-111 in jaundice, 233-235 inhalations in. 128, 135 injections in. 13o iotloform in, 136 kidneys in, 106,108, 1.31 leuciu a cause of, 119 milk in. 130. 1.35-137 .minerals a cause of, vide Minerals morbid anatomy of, 110 invosis in, 67, 124 na'phthalin in, 130, 1.37 nerve-stimulation in. 129 nervous system in. 66, 67, 106, 108-110 obstructive. 110, 111, 113 ocular symptoms in, 67, 106, 124 of cholera, 271 oxalic acid a cause of. 107 pathology of, 107-128 potass a cause of, vide Minerals purgatives in. 131, 132, 135 putrefactive products a cause of, 126, 134-136. 2a3 respiratory system in, 66. 106. 108, 131 revulsives* in, 129 salivation in, 67 secretions a source of, 126, 1-34-136 suminarv of the treatment of, 137 symptoms in. 66, 67, 106. 108, 109 the five theories of, 107-128 treatment of. 128-137 tyrosin a cause of. 119 urea a cause of, 107, 112. 113 urea in, 130, 131 uric acid a cause of, 118 urine of, 66. 67. 108, 109, 111, 112, 111, 115, 238 urochromes a cause of. 107, 119, 12.5 venesection in. 1.33 vicari(uis functions in, 131 vomiting in, 108. 131 wlien does it occur ? 108 Ursemic symptoms, in dyspepsia. 140 in excessive vomiting. 140 Urea, a, diuretic, vide Diuretic excretion of, vide Excretion ill blood, 112. 116 in the tissues. 112 ... i.ra-niia. 130, 1.31 302 INDEX. Urea, intra-venous injection of, vide In- jection of anuria, 112 of diabetes, 216 of jaundice, 228,231 of typhoid, 204 toxic power of, vide Toxic power uraemia due to. 107, 112, 113 Uric acid, excretion of, 103 intra-venous injection of, 51, 52 toxic power of, 51, 52, 118 uraemia due to, 118 Uricsemia, 10 Urine, acetic acid in, 16 acetone in, 142, 247 acids in, 16, 141, 142 albumen in, vide Albuminuria alcoholic extract of, 55-57, 125, 267, 268 alkaloids in, vide Alkaloids ammonia in, 115 and bile, toxic power of, 80, 84, 85, 224 and putrefactive products, 93 antagonism of the toxic powers of, 41-43, 62, 63, 122, 123, 239 aromatics of, 53 butyric acid in, 16 carbolic acid in, 16, 141, 142 charcoal acts on the, 54, 57, 98, 100, 125, 192 concentrated, toxic power of, 34, 48 convulsive, vide Convulsive cresol in, 16, 142 decolorized, toxic power of, 86, 87 diabetic, 142, 245-248 excretion of, 103, 125 extractives of, uraemia due to, 107. 117- 119, 125 extracts of, 54-57. 78, 125, 267, 268 hydrogen sulphide in, 149 in diarrhoea, 132, 141, 142 indican in, 141. 142. intra-venous injections of, vide Injec- tions lactic acid in, 16 leucin in, 231 micro-organisms in the, 188, 243 minerals, their toxic powei", vide Min- erals and Toxic power mixed, toxic power of, 42. 43 naphthaliu acts on the. 99, 100, 232 normal, toxic power of, 30 of acute yellow atrophy of liver, 232 of anaemia, 142. 247 of cholera. 112. 141, 263 of constipation, 142 of day, and sleei), 41 is narcotic, 41 of (lihitcd ^tonvich. 142. 164, 165, 171, 247 of dyspepsia. 140-142, 246, 247 of evening, 36-40 of exercise, 4;:i-45 of intestinal disease, 141, 142 obstruction, 142 of jaundice, vide Jaundice of lardaceous disease, 104 of leukasmia. 142, 238, 247 of morninjr. 3(i-43 of nervc-rcacrions, 6 of pyrexia, vide CoiivTilsive of sleep and dav, 36-43 toxic power of, 36-43 of tetanu.-^, 237. 238 of toxiemia, 140-142 Of typhoid, 92, 141, 142, 188, 192, 238, 247 Urine, of uraemia, 66, 67, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 115, 238 origin of the toxic powers of, 69 oxalic acid in the, 16 pathological, 34, 237-241 peptones in, 164, 165 poisons in, 16, 141, 142 purgatives diminish toxic power, 132 septic, injections of, 26 skatol in, 12, 10 soda in, toxic power of, vide Toxic power of soda subcutaneous injection of, 25 sugar in the, 245 the antipyretic of, 63, 64, 117, 125 the diuretic of, 60, 61 the narcotic of, 62, 125 the seven toxic principles of, 60-65 the sialagogue of, 56, 57, 62, 125 total toxic power of, 125, 126 toxic power of, vide Toxic power principles in, the seven, 60-65 tyrosin in. 231 urea the diuretic of, vide Diuretic urochromes of, 10. 11, 119, 120, 125, 141, 142. 232 watery extracts of, 54-66, 268 xanthin in, 231 Urochromes, intra-venous injection of, 53 of diabetes, 142, 247, 248 of dilated stomach, 142, 165, 247 of dyspepsia, 141, 142, 247 of leucocythaeniia, 142, 247 of pyrexia, 240 of toxaemia, 142 toxic power of, vide Toxic power uraemia due to, 107, 119, 125 Urotoxic coefficient, the, 35, 47 Urticaria, a complication of hydatids, 162, 163 in dilated stomach, 162, 163, 171 toxic origin of, 162, 163 Valeric acid, in putrefactive products, 93 Variations in the toxicity of urine, 34-46, 48 Venesection, in anuria, 277 in urajmia, 133 Vertigo, in constipation, 145 in d. luted stomacli. 161 in dyspepsia, 140, 147 in toxaemia. 150 Vicarious luiicrions. HcCEfV;}' -;,, 41^ — 1 Q jQ^ 1 J UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY FORM NO. DDO, 50m, 1/82 BERKELEY, CA 94720 U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES CD233M7321 Call No. Accession No. THE ARCHIBALD CHURCH LIBRARY Northwestern University Medical School CHICAGO -:- ILLINOIS. 