A dictionary of terms used in medicine and the collateral sciences
fT^-x torr^'xx.] f 3j- to 1 3ij. f3i- to r3ij. "^v. to 3J. air^- to 1 3j. f^X^- to f3j. f3J- to f3ij. f3J- to f3ij. f 3s5. to 3ij. f3J- to f3ij. f3J- to f3ij. f 3j. to f ^^ss. f3'J- to f 3iij. f3J- to f3ij. f 3ss. to 1 3iss.] rrj-xx. to f3j.] f 3J- to f3.j ] rrt'vj. to ir^xx. i3ss. to i3ij. (TXk. to f 3s.s. foJ- to f3iij. f3J- to f3ij. f3J- to f3ij. Tinct. hellebori . . fl^x. to f^j. ■ Tinct. humuli . . f3ss. to 1 3'J- Tinct. hyoscyami . . fT^'xx. to f3j. Tinct. io'dini . . rrj-xv. to fT^'xl. [Tinct. iodini comp. . (T^xx. to fTt'xJ.] Tinct. jalapas . . 1 3J. to f3ij. Tinct. kino . . . f 3J. to f 3ij. [Tinct. kramerire . . f 3J. to f 30-] [Tinct. lobelife, expect. . f3j. to f 3'J] Tinct. lobelia, emet., . i'3'U- to < 3'ss. [Tinct. lupulinE . . f3J. to f'3'j-] Tinct. myrrhEe . . f 3ss. to t 3J. Tinct. op'ii . . . (T^v. lo fl^xl. [Tinct. opii acetata . fVtvj. to ffj'xij.] [Tinct. opii camphorata . f 3J- tof3ij.] Tinct. rhei . . . f 3J. to f'gss. [Tinct. rhei et aloes . f 3*^. f 3j.] Tinct. rhei comp. . f3J- to t ^ss. [Tinct. rhei et gentianoe f gss. to 1 gj] [Tinct. rhei et senna . f'Jss. to f^jiss.], Tinct. scilloe . . . n;^x. to f 3ss. , Tinct. seiinse comp. . f'3J- to f 3ss. [Tinct. sennae et jalapae . f3y- to I'^j.] Tinct. serpentariiB . f 3J. to f3ij. Tinct. Valerianae . . f 3J. to f3iij. Tinct. Valerianae ammon. f3J. to f3ij. Tinct. zingiberis . . f'3J. to f3ij, Tormentilla . . . gss. to 3ss. Toxicodendri folia . gr. ss. to gr. iv. Tragacantha . . gr. x. to 3j. Valerianae radix . . gj. to 3j. Veratria . . . gr- .^.J- to gr. i Vin. aloes . . . f3j. to f gss. Vin. antiraonii, expect. . (T^k. to '3ss. V'in colchici radicis . tT;|-x. to f 3J. [Vin. colchici seminis . f 3j. to f3iss.] j [Vin. ergota . . f3j. to f3ij.] Vin. ipecacuanhas, c?/a/iA. rrj'x. to f3ss. Vin. ipecacuanhae, emei. i'[jij. to f ^ss, ft^v. to rrt-xl. 1 3J. 10 l^ss.] rtj'v. to 1353. gr. X. to 3ss. gr. j. to gr. vj. gr.j. togr. iij. gr. X. to 9J. ;r. V. to 3ss. Vin. opii [Vin. rhei Vin. veralri albi Uva ursi Zinci oxydum Zinci sulphas, tonic Zinci sulphas, emetic Zingiberis . . ^ DOSSIL. A term applied to linl,^vhen made up in a cylindrical form. DOTHINENTE'RITE (iodivh, a pus- tule, evTcpov, an intestine). A term ap- plied by M. Bretonneau to inflammation of the glands of Peyer and Brunner. DOUBLER. An instrument employed in electrical experiments, and .so con- trived that, by executing certain move- ments, very small quantities of electricity coinmunicaled to a part of the apparatus may be continually doubled, until it be- comes perceptible hv an electroscope. DOUCHE {duccia). Affusion. The term applied to a column or current of DO V 128 DUG fluid directeJ to, or made Jo fall on, some part of ihe Ixjdy. According as the iluid employed is water or aqueous va- pour, the application is called the liquid douche, or tiie vapuur douche. According to the direction in which it is applied, we have the descending, the laleral, and the ascending douche. DOVE-TAIL JOINT. The suture or serrated articulation, as of the bones of the hend. DOVER'S POWDER. A valuable sudorific ; the I'ulvis Ipecacuanha el Opii. Ph. U. S. DR.\CIJNE {draco, a dragon). A pre- cipitate Ibrmed liy mixing cold water with a concentrciled alcoholic solution of dragon's blood. [DRACONTIUM. Skunk Cabbage. The root of the Dracontium ifEtidum. An indigenous plantol'the order Araceoe, the root of which is reputed to be stimu- lant, antispasmodic, and narcotic. Dose, grs. X to XX.] DRACUA'CULUS (dim. of draco, a dragon). The Guinea Worm, which breeds under tlie skin, and is common among the natives of Guinea, &c. DRAGANTIN. A mucilage obtained from gum tragacanlh. DRAGO?<"S BLOOD. Sanguis dra- conis. A term applied to certain resinous substances, mostly obtained from some palms of the geims Calamus; to a product of the DracLena draro; also to a substance obtained from the Pterocarpus draco. DRASTICS (dpao), to effect). Purga lives which operate powerfully. DRAUGHT. Haiislus. A liquid form of medicine, dilfering from a mixiure only in quantity. It is usually taken at once, and should not exceed an ounce and a half. . DRENCH. A form of medicine used in farriery, analogous to a draught. DRIMV.S WINTERI. Winlera arc matica. The plant which yields the bark called Winter's bark. Under the name of casca d'anta, it is much used in Brazil against colic. It was employed by Winter in scurvy, but is now obsolete. DRlV"ELLlN(i. Slavering; an invo- luntary liow of saliva, from a want of command over the muscles of deglutition. DROPS. Gullce. A form of medici:ie in which the dose is measured by drops, as ague drop, black drop, &c. DROPSY (from the Greek, vSpoxb- Latin, hydrops: — Th. vooip, water, and wi//, the look or aspect). A<iua inter culem. An effusion into the cellular tissue, or into any of the natural cavities of the body. With the addition of the epithet encysted, it designates a collection of serous fluid in a sac, of which the ovarium is most frequently the seat. See Hydrops. DRUPE. A pulpy fruit, without a valve or outward opening, containing a bony nut, as the cherry. It is commonly called a stone-fruit. Drupaceous. That kind of fruit which has an indehiscent pericarp, fleshy exter- nallv, st(my internallv, as the peach. DRY CUPPING. " The applicatioti of the cupping-glass, without scarification, in order to produce revulsion of blood from any part of the body. DRY PILE. The name of a galvanic apparatus, constructed with pairs of me- tallic plates, separated by layers of fari- naceous paste mixed with common salt. The name is inappropriate, as the appa- ratus evidenll}' owes its efficacy to the moisture of the paste. DRY ROT. A species of decay to which wood is subject. The wood loses all its cohesion, and becomes friable, and fungi generally appear upon it; but the first destructive change is probably of a chemical kind, allied to the action offer- mentation. — Graham. DRY VOMIT OF MARRIOTT. A vomit exhibited without drink, and ron- sisting of equal proportions of tartarized antimony and sulphate of copper. DRYOBALANOPSAROMATICA. A tree of the order Dipteraceoe, yielding a liquid called camphor oil, and a crystalline solid termed Sumatra or Borneo camphor. DUCTILITY (duco, to draw). That property of bodies by which they admit of being drawn out into wire. DUCTUS {duco, to lead). A duct; a conduit-pipe ibrthe conveyance of liquid. 1. Ductus hepalicus. The duct which results from the conjunction of the proper ducts of the liver. 2. Ductus cysticus. The excretory duct which leads from the neck of the gall-bladder to join Ihe hepatic, forming with it the following duct. 3. Ductus communis choledochus. The bile duct, formed by the junction of the C)'Stic and hepatic ducts. 4. Duciits pancreaticus. The pancreatic duct, which joins the gall-duct at its entrance into the duodenum. Near the duodenum this duel is joined by a smaller one, called ductus pancreaticus minor. b. Ductus arteriosus. A tube whicth, in the fostus, joins the pulmonary artery with the aoria. It degenerates, after birth, into a fibrous cord. DUG 129 DYS 6. Ductus venosus. A branch which, in the foeius, joins the inferior vena cava with the umbilical vein. 7. Ductus ad nasum. A duct con- tinued from the lachrymal sac, and open- ing inio the inferior meatus of the nose. 8. Ductus incisorius. A continuation ol' the foramen incisivum between the palatine processes into the nose. 9. Ductus lymphalicus dexter. A duct formed by the lymphatics of the right side of the thorax, &c., and opening into the junction of the right jugular and sub- clavian veins. 10. Ductus prostatici. The ducts of the prostate, from twenty to twenty-live in number, opening into the prostatic urethra, on each side of the veru mon- tanum. 11. Ductus deferens. Another name for the vas deferens, which arises from the tail of the epididymis, and enters the spermatic cord. 12. Ductus galactoferi vel lactiferi. Milk-ducts, arising from the glandular grains of the mamma, and terminating in sinuses near the base of the nipple. 13. Ductus thoracicus. The great trunk formed by the junction of the ab- sorbent vessels. 14. Ductus thoracicus dexter. A de- signation of the right great lymphatic vein, formed of lymphatic vessels arising from the a.xillary ganglia of the right side. 15. Ductus ejaculatorius. A duct within the prostate gland, opening into the ure- thra; it is about three quarters of an inch in length. \&. Ductof Sleno. The excretory duct of the parotid gland. 17. Duct of Wharton. The excretory duct of the submaxillary gland. These two last, with the sublingual, constitute the salivary ducts. 18. Duels of BelUni. The orifices of the nriniferous canals of the kidneys. DUii^LECH. A term employed by Van Helmont to denote the stale in which the spirit of urine is precipitated when it f()rms calculous concretions. DULCAMA'RA (dulcis, sweet, amarus, bitter). Woody Nightshade, or Bitter- sweet; a species of Solanum. The twigs of this plant yield a salifiable principle called solauine; a bitter principle, of a honey smell and sweet after-taste, called picro-!;li/cion ; and a sweet principle, called dulcarine. DULCE'DO SPUTORUM. The name given by Frank to sweet-spittle, or that form of ptyalism, in which the saliva is distinguished by a sweet or mawkish taste. DUMASINE. An empyreumatic oil, obtained by rectifying acetone derived from the acetates. DUMOSE (duttius, a bush). Bushy. A shrub which is low and much branched. DUiNT. The provincial name of a staggering affection, particularly observ- ed in yearling lambs, occasioned by hydatids of the brain. DUODENUM (duodeni, twelve). Ven- Iriculus succenturialus. The twelve-inch intestine, so called from its being equal in length to the breadth of twelve fin- gers; the first portion of the small intes- tines, beginning from the pylorus. The inner surface of the duodenum is covered by a mucous membrane, presenting a number of folds, called the valvula con- niventes. [Duodenitis. Inflammation of the duo- denum.] DUPLUM {duo, two, plica, a fold). Twofold, as duplo-cathuret, two-fold carburet. [DupUcatare. The folding of a part upon itself] DURA MATER (hard mother). Me- ninx exterior. The outermost membrane of the brain. See Mutres. DURA'MEN [durus, hard). The in- terior, more deeply-coloured, and harder portion of the trunk and branches of trees, commonly called lieartwood, as dis- tinguished from the exterior portion, alburnum, or sapwood. DUTCH GOLD. An alloy of copper and zinc, in which the zinc is in greater proportion than it exists in brass. It is allied to Inmhnc and pinchbeck. DUTCH MINERAL. Metallic copper beaien out in very thin leaves. DUTCH PINK. Chalk or whiting, dyed yellow, with a decoction of birch- leaves, French berries, and alum. DYRS. Colouring matters, derived from vegetable substances. Colouring matters form, with several metallic ox- ides, insoluble compounds called lakes. DYS- [ivs). An adverb, signifying luith dijiculti/ ; badly. Hence — 1. Dys-cesihesia {aiadavoftai, to perceive). Impaired feeling. Dr. Young terms de- fective memory dysceslhe.sia interna. 2. Dys-cataposia {xaTaTrom;, the act of swallowing, from varaffiVoj, to swallow). Difficulty of swallowing liquids; a term applied by Dr. Mead to hydrophobia. 3. Dys-chroa (xp''>a. colour). A disco- loured state of the skin. DYS 130 E AU 4. Dys-cinesia [kivm, to move). Im- perfecl motion. 5. Dtjs-crasia (KpSais, the state of the hlood, &c.., from Kcpavwut, or Kcpaw, to mix). A morbid stale of the constitu- tion. 6. Bi/f-eccr.a (.dxe'ri, hearing). Cophosis. Impaired hearing. 7. Dijs-eutery (tvnpa, the bowels). In- flammation of "the mucous lining of the large intestines. By certain French writers it is named colile ; and in com- mon language it is termed Jinx, or bloody flux, according as the intestinal dis- charges are free from blood or sangui- nolent. 8. Dys-li/sin (Xuo-it, solution). An in- gredient of bilin, which remains ujidis- solved, as a resinous mass, during the solution and digestion of bilin in dilute hydrochloric acid. 9. Di/s-menorrlima (/n>, a month, peco, to How). Difficult or painful menstrua- lion. 10. Di/s-odes (o^oi, to smell). Having a bad smell; a term applied by Hippo- crates to a fetid disorder of the' small intestines. 11. Dys-opia (u-p, an eye). Impaired sight. 12. Dys-orcxia (J^tfij, appetite). De- praved appetite. 13. ZJ//.'>'-/;f7J.«(a (TTEirro), to concoct). In- digestion ; difficulty of digestion. 14. Dys-phugia (<j>ayw. to ept). Diffi- culty of svvjillo'wing ; chokin* 15. Dys-plinnia (^toi')>, voice). Diffi- culty of speaking. * 16. Dys-phoria {(pcpoj, to bear). Inqui- etude ; a difficulty of enduring one-self; it embraces the afTections of anxiety and fidgtts. 17. Dys-pnaa (ttvcw, to breathe). Dif- ficult respiration; short breath; short- windedness; pursiness; phthisic. 18. Dys-spermati.imus (aneppa, semen). Slow or impeded emission of semen. 19. Dys-tocliia (riKrai, to bring forth). Difficult parturition. 20. JJys-nria (avpov, urine). Suppres- sion or difficulty in discharging the urine; painful micturition. Total suppression is called ischuria; partial suppression, dysuria; the aggravated form, when the urine passes by drops, slrangnry ; when the discharge is attended with heat or pain, this is termed ardor nrincB. [DYNAMOMETER {ix>vaptu force, pcTpov, a measure). An instrument for measuring' force.] E EAR. Aiiris. The organ of hearing. ft consists of three parts; viz., the ex- ternal ear; the middle ear, or tympanum; and the internal ear, or labyrinth. Ear-vnx. Cerumen aurium ; [q. v.] EARTH. The general term for the materials which compose the crust of the globe. In chemical language the earths are termed metallic oxides; four of these, viz., baryta, strontia, lime, and magnesia, are termed, from their properties, alka- line earths. To these must be added, — 1. Alumina, or clay; the oxide of alu- minum ; ar^j7Zaceo«s earth, constituting the basis ol^ sapphire, pipe-clay, slate, &c. 2. Glucina, the oxide of glucinum; found in iha euolase. beryl, and emerald. 3. Yllria, the oxide of ytlriurn; found in the gadolinite of Yilerby. 4. 7'Aori«a, the oxide of thorium; pro- cured from the mineral thorite. 5. Zirconia, the oxide of zirconium ; forming the bulk of hyacinth. 6. Silica, the oxide of silicum; con- stituting almost the whole of flint, opal, amethyst, rock crystal, &c. EA RTH-BATH. A remedy consisting literally of a bath of earth, used on the continent. EARTH OF ALUM. A preparation used in making paints, and procured by preclpiiating the earth from alum dis- solved in water, by adding ammonia or pota.ss. EARTH OF BONE. A phosphate of lime, sometimes called bo?te phosphate, existing in bones after calcination. EAU. The French term for -water; the name of a distilled water. 1. Ean de Bnbahe. A liqueur manu- factured in Barbados from lemon-peel. 2. Ean de Cologne. Aqua Coloniensis, or Cologne water; a perfume, and an evajxirating lotion in headache, fever, &o. 3. Eau de Javelle. Bleaching liquid, or the Aqua Alkalina Oxymuriatica of the Dublin pharmacopoeia. 4. Eau de Luce. The tinct. ammonira comp.of the pharmacopoeia. The French name is derived from that of an apothe- cary at Lille. EAU 131 EDU 5. Eau de Naphre. Aqua naphse. A hitler aromatic water, prepared by dis- tilling the leaves of the Seville orange with water. 6. Eau de Rahel. Aqua Rabelliana. So named from its inventor, the empiric Rabel. It consists of one part of sul- phuric acid and three of rectified spirit of wine, constituting a sort of sulphuric ether. 7. Eau de Vie. Aqua vilse. Ardent spirit of the first distillation. EBLANIN. Pyroxanthin. A sub- stance obtained irora raw pyroxylic spirit. EBVLUTION {ebullio, to bubble up). The boiling or bubbling of liquids ; the production of vapour at the hoilivg point. EBUR USTUM NIGRUM. Cologne black. Ivory black ; charcoal prepared from charred ivory shavings. ECBOLICA {cKi36\iov, a medicine which expels the fetus). AmUoiica Medicines which e.xcite uterine contrac- tions, and thereby promote the expulsion of the contents of the uterus. ECCiiYMOMA (ckxvco, to pour out). A term synonymous with Ecchymosi extravasation, or that form of the affec- tion which takes the name vibices; it is sometimes called crustida and siigillalln. Ecchyraoma lymphalica. A term which has been given to puerperal tumid-leg, cw phlegmasia dolens. ECCHYMO'SIS {cKXyco, to pour out) Extravasated blood, from bruises; in typhus, purpura, &c. It assumes the several forms of — 1. Petechia:. Stigmata, or specks. 2. Vibices, or ecchymomnta. Patches. 3. Sa7igiiineoiis discharges. [ECCOPROTICA (jf, out of, Koxpo; ftBces). Mild aperients or laxatives. See Catharlics.] ECCRITICA {EKKpii^io, to strain off). Diseases of the excernenl function. ECCYESIS {cKKvioi, to be pregnant). Extra-uterine fcetation; imperfect fcela- tion in some organ exterior to the uterus, as in one of the ovaria, the Fallopian tube, or the cavity of the abdomen. ECHPiNUS (arvos, the sea hedge-hog). A calcareous pptrilaction of the echinus. [Echinale. Bristly; covered with stiff hairs or prickles, like an echinus; as the fruit of tlie chestnut.] Echino - derma (itfyia, skin). The fourth class of the Cyclo-neura, or Rridi- ata, consisting of simple aquatic animals covered with a spiny shell or a coriaceous skin. tCLAMFSIA (UXdiinw, to shine forth). Circuli ignei. Convulsive motions, espe- cially of the mouth, eyelids, and fingers, so excessively rapid that it is often diffi- cult to follow ihem. ECLEGM A («Xf I'xw, to lick.) Linctus ; linctuarium. A pharmaceutical prepa- ration of a certain consistence, and of a weet flavour. See Lohoch. PXPHLYSIS {U,p\<>!;o>. to bubble up). Vesicular eruption confined in its action to the surface. This term comprehends he several species of ponipholyx, herpes, rhypia, and eczema. Compare Ernphlysis. ECPHRONIA CiKippiof, out of one's mind). Insanity; craziness; a term com- prising the species melancholy and mad- ness. ECPHYMA {eKipvco, to spring out). A cutaneous excrescence, including the several species verruca, caruncula, cla- vus, callus. ECPYESIS {eKwio), to suppurate). Humid scall, including the species im- petigo, porrigo, ecthyma, and scabies. Compare Empyesis. ECSTASIS {cfiaTanat, to be out of one's senses). Ecstasy, or trance. EC'TidYMA {h-Oiio, to break out). An eruption on the skin. Irritable pustule. Papulous scall. Tetter; ulcerated tetter. Inflammation of the sebaceous follicles, characterized by phlyzaceous pustules. ECTOPI.^ {£K, out, Toiroi, a place). Displacement of bones; lu.xations. ECTROPIUM {tKrpenco. to evert). Ever.iio palpebrcB. Eversion of the eye- lids. Compare Enlropium. ECZEMA (£/c^£w, to boil out). Lite- rally, that which is thrown up by boiling. Heat eruption ; minute vesicles, which form into thin flakes or crusts. 1. Eczema solare. Sun heat ; heat spots ; arising in a part which has been exposed to the direct rays of the sun. 2. Eczema impctiginodes. Depending on a local irritation, and constituting the grocers' and the bricklayers' itch, accord- ing as the exciting cause is sugar ot lime. 3. Eczema rubrum. Excited by the use of mercury, and formerly called ery- thema mercuriale. EDENTATA (edenlulus, toothless). Toothless animals; quadrupeds without front teeth, as the armadillo. EDULCOUATION (dulci.'!, sweet). The sweetening of any medicinal pre- paration. Also the process of freeing a diflicnltly soluble substance from one that is easily soluble, by means of distilled water. It differs little from lixiviation, except that the former term respects the EDU 132 EL A insoluble residue, the latter liie soluble poriion. EDULCORATOR. Dropping Bottle. An instrument for supplying small quan- tities of water to test tubes, watch-glasses, &c. It is made by inserting a cork, con- taining a glass tube, into a phial holding some distilled water. The phial being inverted, the poriion of nir confined above the liquid is expanded by ihe warinlh of the hand, and expels the water, drop by drop, or in a stream, ac- cording as the position of the phial is perpendicular or horizontal. EEL OIL. An oil procured from eels by roasting, employed as an ointment fur stiff joints, and by ironmongers for pre- serving steel from rust. [liFFERENT (e, from, fero, to con- vey). A term given to vessels which convey a fluid from glands. See Vasa effererilia.] EFFERVESCENCE (cffervesco, to grow hot). The commotion produced in fluids by the sudden escape of gas, in Ihe form of bubbles, as on jiouring acid on EFFERVESCING DRAUGHT. Dis- solve a scruple of carbonate of soda or potass in an ounce of water, and two drachms of cinnamon water with a drachm and a half of syrup of orange peel ; add a lablespoonful of fresh lemon juice, and drink the mixture immediately. EFFLORESCENCE {effloresco, to blow as a flower). The pulverescencc of crys- tals, by the removal of their moisture, on exposure to the air. It is opposed to deliquescence. [In pathology it siijnilies an eruption of the skin. See Rranlhemn.] EFFLUVIA (effltio, to flow out). Ex- halations, vapours, &c. They am dis- tinguished into the conln<riiiiis, as the rubeolous; niocsli, as miasmata; and those arising from animals or vegetables, as odours. EFFUSION (effundo, to pour out). The escape of a fluid out of its natural vessel or viscus into nnolhor part. Also, the secretion of fluids from the vessels, as of lymph or serum, on different surfaces. EGE.STA {e^ero, to carry out). A Latin term lor the substances carried out of the body, as the fa;ces, &c. See Jn- gesla. EIGHTH PAIR, or PNEUMOGAS- TRIC. The nerve which supplies the lungs, the heart, the stomach, <i;c., — the exciter of respiration. [ElLOm Ui\s>.>, to coil, £((?of, like- ness). Eiloides. A name given by Dr. J. C. Warren to dermoid tumours, in which the skin has the appearance of a roll or coil.] EJACULATORES {rjaculo. to cast out). A pair of muscles surrounding the whole of the bulb of the urethra. As ejaculalores Sjemiriis, they act under the influence of the reflex function ; as acce- leratores uriiiae, as voluntary muscles. [ELABORATION [lahoro, to labour). The diffi?rent changes which assimilable substances undergo, by the action of the living organs, before becoming nutritive.] ELjEOSACCHARA (JXa.oi/, oil, sac- charitm, sugar). The mixtures or com- pounds of volatile oils and sugar. ELAIDIC ACID (iXaiov, oil). An acid related to the oleic acid of oils. ELAIDINE. A white saponifiable fat, consisting of elaidic acid and glycerin. ELAIN {eXaiov, oil). The more fluid part of one of the proximate principles of iat. This and stearine constitute the fixed oils. ELAIODON (aaioi/, oil). The name given by llerberger to the igreusine of Boullay. See Jareiisine. ELAIOMETER {c\atov, oil, nhpov, a measure). An instrument ibr delecting the adulteration of olive oil. ELAIS GUINEENSIS. The Guinea Palm, which yields the palm oil, and, it is said, the best kind of pulm wine. ELALDFIIYDE. The coherent mass into which pure and anhydrous aldehyde is transformed, when kept for some time at 32=. ELAOPTEN (EXafoi/, oil). The liquid portion of a volatile oil. The concrete poriion is called slcaroptcn. The volatile oils, when exposed to cold, generally separate into a solid and a liquid poriion, showing that iliey are mixtures of two oils differing in fluidity. These terms were first applied to the solid and fluid port ions of fixed oils. ELASTIC GUM. Caoutchouc; Indian rubber; the produce of the Ficus elaslica and other plants. ELASTICITY. The property or power by whiidi a body compressed or extended returns to its (ornier stale. EL.ATER UXaii'w, to drive). A spiral fibre, Ibund in great numbers mixed with the spiirulcs, in Ihe ihecaj of some cryp- logamic plants. ELATERIUM {t\avvu>, to stimulate). A term applied by the Greeks to any pur- gative substance. It now denotes a sub- siance procured from the juice surround- injr the seeds of ihe Mamordira Klaterium, or Squiriine Ciicumbpr. There are two kinds, the English and the Maltese. ELA 133 ELE Elaterin. A crystalline substance, con- stituting the active principle of elaterium. Dr. Paris applied Ihe term elatin to this substance combined with the green resin also found in elaterium.. ELATIO. Quixotism; a species of mental extravagance, so named by the rhetoricians, and importing, with them, " elevated, exalted, magnificent style or imagery." EL.WL. The name given by Ber- zelius to hydruret of acetyl, otherwise called defiant gas, and elherine. ELDER. The Sambucus nigra. The dried berries are called grana aclcs; and their inspissated juice, elder rob. ELKCAMPAJME (contracted from enula campana). The Inula Helenium, a plant of the order Compositcp., the root of .which yields a white starchy powder, called inuline. ELECTRICITY (.'iXt/crpoi', amber, the substance in which the electric property was first discovered). The fluid or pro- perty in nature which is called into action in its simplest form by rubbing — 1. Glass — which exhibits the vitreous, plus, or positive electricity; i. e. when the substance is overcharged; 2. Resi/i or Amber — which exhibits the resinous, minus, or negative electricity; i.e. when the substance is undercharged. Phenomena of Eleclricili/. 1. Excitation, or the disturbance of the electric equilibrium by friction, ele- vation of temperature, contact, &c. Bo- dies have been distinguished into con- ductors and non-conductors, according to the facility with which the electric in- fluence passes, or is conducted along their surfaces. 2. A»r<jc//on, or the law by which light bodies move rapidly towards an excited surface. 3. Repidsion, or the law by which light bodies fly off from an electrified surface, after contact. • 4. Distribution, or the law by which electrified bodies transfer their properties toothers with which they come in contact. It is similar to the conduction of caloric. 5. Induction, or the law by which an electrified body tends to produce in con- tiguous substances an electric state op- posite to its own. 6. Tension or intensity, or the degree to which a body is excited, as estimated by the electrometer. It must be distin- guished from quanliti/. 7. Eleclr-ode (iVdj, a way). A term synonymous witii jtole ; it denotes the boundary of the decomposing matter in the direction of the electric current. This, and the terms in the two following paragraphs, were introduced by Dr. Fara- day. 8. The Electric Currents round the earth pursue a course from east {auo, up) to west {Kano, down); hence, if a body to be decomposed be similarly placed, the Anode is the point or surface at which the electricity enters, Ihe part immedi- ately touching the positive pole; and the Cathode, the point or surface out of which it passes, — the part ne.xt to the negative pole. 9. Substances directly decomposable by electricity are termed Ehctro-lylcs (kvcj, to set free). The elements of an electro- lyzed body are called ions; — that which goes to the anode, anion ; that to the cathode, cation. Thus, if water be elec- irolyzed, oxygen and hydrogen are ions — the former an anion, the latter a cation. 10. Electrical column. A species of electrical pile, invented by De Luc, com- posed of thin plates of different metals in the usual order, with discs of writing paper interposed between them. 11. Elfctro-lyiiis (Xiito, to decompose). A kind of decomposition effected by elec- tricity. The chemical expression equiva- lent to this is zincolysis, the decomposi- tions throughout the circle being referred to the inductive action of the affinities of zinc or the positive metal. 12. Electro-meter (ulrpov, a measure). An instrument for ascertaining the inten- sity of electricity. Among the varieties of this instrument are the (quadrant, in- vented by Mr. Henley, and the electrical balance of Coulomb. 13. Eleclro-phorus {(pipoi, to convey). An instrument invented by Volla, for the purpose of collecting weak electricity. 14. Electro-scope (aKoiv^o, to examine). An iflstrument for indicating excitement, and the electrical slate by which it is produced. 15. Electro-motion. The term applied by Volla lo the developement of electri- cily in voltaic combinations. 16. Eleciro-d ynamics {ivvanig, power). That branch of electricity which relates to the action of voltaic conductors on each other. 17. Electro-magnetism. The term ap- plied to that branch of science which includes the mutual aclion of conductors and magnets. 18. Electro-metallurgy. The art of working in metals by the galvanic fluid. See Electrotype. 19. Elect ro-lint. An application of ELE 134 ELI electrotype, in wliicli ilir> rcquireH siihjeri is painicd on copper wuh a thick %Mrnisli or paint; tho plate is then prepared iii the usual way, and submitted to the vol- taic circuit; a plate is thus obtained from which prints are furnished. 20. Ettclrottipe. The science by which facsimile medals are executed in copper by means of electricity. It consists in preparing for a negative plate models or moulds of objects lo be copied; and in so arranging the battery or apparatus which generates the voltaic current, as to release the metals in a compact and solid form. 21. Electro-vital, or netiro-electric cur- rents. The name of two electric currents, supposed to exist in animals, — the one external and cutaneous, moving from the e.ilremities to the cerebrospinal axis; the other internal, going from the cerebro- spinal axis to the internal organs situated beneath the skin. 22. Electric aura. A current or breeze of electrified air, employed as a mild sti- mulant in electrifying delicate parts, as the eye. 23. Electric friction. A mode of em- ploying electric sparks as a remedial agent, by drawing them through flannel, as recommended by Cavallo. 24. Eleclrizerg, Harrington's. Plates of copper and zinc, or silver and zinc, of various forms, for medical purposes. ELCCTRO-PUNCTURATiON (pun- go, to prick). The operation of inserting two or more needles in a part or organ affected, and then touching them with the wires from the poles of a galvanic machine. KLKCTRO- STIMULATION The name given by Dr. Turnbull to the sen sation of heat and tingling caused by the application of veratria, in the form of oint- ment, to the skin. ELECTRUM. A mixture of gold and silver of which the fifth part was silver. ELECTUARIUM (UXt^rdy, Hipp) An Electuary; an ancient form of pre- •cription, retained in the pharmacopneias of Edinburgh and Dublin, but rejected in that of London. Electuaries are in general extemporaneous y>re'()nra\'ums com posed of dry powders, formed into a pro- per consistence by the addition of syrup, honey, or mucilage. See Confeclio. ELEMENT. This term denotes, in Chemistry, a simple substance, — one not known to contain more than one kind of matter, as the metal iron. The rust of iron, on the other hand, is a compound, being r.solvable into metallic iron, oxy- gen, and carbonic acid. L'llimale Element. The last element into which a body can be decomposed or analyzed; thus, oxygen, hydrogen, car- bon, and azote are the ultimate elements of all organized matter. ELEMI. A fragrant feniiel-scented resin, produced by several species of Aini/ris. ELEPHANTI'ASIS (e\t<pas, an ele- phant). Leprosy, black leprosy; elephant There are two diseases so named, from the supposed resemblance of the skin of leprous persons to that of the ele- phant; or from the misshapen leg in the .Arabian leprosy being supposed to resem- ble that oi'llie elephant. 1. Elephantiasis Arahum. The original Arabic name was dal fil, literally ele- phant disease. In the West Indies, it is called Barbados leg, sometimes yam leg, from the supposed resemblance of the affected limb lo the form of this root; in Ceylon it is called Guile leg; and on the peninsula of India, Cochin leg. In the Malabar language, it is called anay kaal, which also means elephant leg. 2. Elephantiasis Gracorum. Tuber- cular Elephantiasis. It has been called leonliasis and satyriasis, from the disfi- guration of the countenance, suggesting the idea of a wild beast or satyr. It is the Juzam of the older .Arabians. .3. The Pelagra of Milan, the Rosa asturica of Spain, the Crimean disease of Pallas anrl Gmelin, and the Mai rouse of Cayenne, are all closely allied to it. ELEVA'TOR {elevo, to raise). A name applied to certain muscles, whose office it is to elevate any part ; and to an in- strument for raising depressed portiona of the cranium. ELF-SIDENNE. Elf-squatting; the old Anglo-Saxon name for Ephialles, in- cuHus, or niofht-mare. ELIQUATION (eliqua, to clarify). The separation by heat of a more fusible substance from another less fusible. ELIXIR. .An Arabic term, denoting an essence, or pure mass without any dregs; and formerly applied to compound tinctures. 1. Elixir paresoricum. Paregoric Elixir, or the Tin^t. Camphoraj Comp. 2. Elixir proprielatis. Elixirof Nature, or the Tinct. .Aloes et Myrrhoe. 3. Elixir Sacrum. Sacred Elixir, or the Tinctura Rhei et Aloes. 4. Elixir snlutis. Elixir of Health, or the Tinctura Sennae Comp. ELI 135 EMP 5. Elixir slomachicum. Stomachic Alfo, tlie rudiment of the future plant' Elixir, or ihe Tinct. Gentianaj Comp. Itoniained wiihin the seed. 6. F.Uxir vitrioli. The Acidurn Sul- phiiriciim Aromaticum. 7. Elixir arili-arlhritic, of Cadet de Gassicourt. A mixture of the three tinctures of aloes, guaiacum, and myrrh. 8. Elixir of Daffy. The Tinct. Senna? Comp., wiih treacle instead of sugar- cand)-, and the addition of aniseeds and elecampane roots. ELLAGIC ACID {from the word galle, read backward). An acid which is ob 1. Evibryo-logy (Koyoq, an account). A description oi'ihe embryo. 2. Emhryo-lomy {rcfiva), to cut). The dismemberinst of the foetus in utero, in order to admit of delivery. 3. Embry-ulcia (fXvw, to draw). The same as enibrj'oiomy. It is performed by means of a blunt hook or forceps, termed emhryidrMS. 4. Embryo-lega {lego, Xo covet). A small callosity oljserved in some seeds, at tained from galls, in the process for|Short distance from the hilum; it gives way, like a lid, at the time of germina- tion, for the emission of the radicle. EMERY. A variety of corundum. The powder is obtained by trituration, attach- ed to brown paper called emery paper, ELY'TRON {tXvTpov). A sheath ; the and used for polishing, for preparing hard case which covers the wings of co- razor-strops, &c. leoplerous insects. The vagina. EMETIC, (f^iw, to vomit). A siib- ]. Elylro-cele {KfiXri, a tumour). The stance which causes vomiting. Emetics makine gallic acid. ELUTRIATION (fhilrio, to cleanse). The process of washing, by which the lighter earthy parts are separated from the he.Tvier and metallic. name given by Vogel to vaginal her nia. 2. Elylr-o'ides (fi&f, likeness). Sheath- like; a term applied to the tunica vagi- nalis; also to the pessary ofM. J. Clo- quet. 3. Elytro-rraphia [paiph, a suture). Su- ture of the vagina; an operation for the prevention of prolapsus uteri. EMACIATION [emacio, to make lean). Marasmus. General extenuation of the body, with debility. EMAASIO MENSIUM. Retention of the menses, called by many writers are termed topical, when they act only when taken into the stomach, as mus- tard ; specif c, when they act by being introduced into the circulation, as eme- tic tartar. 1. Emetic tartar, or tartarized antimo- ny; tartrate of antimony and potash, or the antimonium tartarizatum. 2. Emetin. The emetic principle of ipecacuanha; it has been discovered to consist of a peculiar alkaline basis which may he termed emcta, acid, and colour- ing matter. Dr. Paris says that emela is to emeiin what while crystallized sugar tnenoHalio; and by Frank, amenorrAtfo lis to moist sugar. tirxmculaniin. I E M M E N A G O G U E S (i^ii^fivia. the EM A RGINATE. Having a notch ai the upper extremity, as if a portion had been cut out of the margin. EMASCULATION {emasculo, to ren- der impotent). Privation of virility ; cas- tration; removal of Ihe testes. EMBALMING. The filling a dead body with spices, gums, and other anti- septics, to prevent putridity. EMBOITEMENT (the situation of one box wiihin another, from hoite, a box). A term used by Bonnet to describe that species of generation, by which hundreds and thousands of indivi<luals lie one wiihin the other, each possessing a com- plete series of organized parts. See Evo- lutiov. EMBROCATION [t^(ipkx<^, to moist- en). An external fluid application, for rubbincf any part of the body. EMBRYO (h, in, (Ipiu), to bud forth). The ovum in utero, before the fourth month, after which it is called fostus. menses, aym, to induce). Medicines which promote the catamenial discharge, or the menses. EMME'NIA {iv, in, fifiv, a month). The catamenial discharee, or menses. EMMOLLIENTS (emollio, to soften). Agents which diminish the tone of the living tissues, and cause relaxation or weakness. When employed for the pur- pose of sheathing surfaces from the action of injurious substances, they are called demulcents. EMPATHEMA (h, and 7ra%a, affec- tion). Ungovernable passion; including excitement, depression, and hair-brained passion, or the manie sans dtlire of Pine). EMPHLYSIS [iv, and ^Xvo-if, a vesi- cular tumour, or eruption). Ichorous ex- anthem; including miliary fever, thrush, cow-pox, water-pox, pemphigus, and ery- sipelas. EMPHYMA (£!■, and i^vw, to spring forth). Tumour; including the sarcoma- EMP 136 END tous, the encysted, and the bony spe- cies. EMPHVSE'MA (tj^pvcaoi, to inflate). Literally, that wliich is blown in; wind- dropsy. A swelling produced by air, difi'used in the cellular tissue. It is dis- tinguished into the Iraumalic, when the air has been introduced by a solution of continuity; and the idiopalhic, or spon- taneous, when the gas is developed with- in the cells. EMPIRIC {Iv, in, -Kupa, experiment). Formerly, one who practised medicine upon experience, wilhout regard to the rules of science ; it now signifies a quack, or vender of nostrums. EMPLASTRUM (ifnrM<jaoi, to spread upon). A plaster; a solid and tenacious compound, adhesive at the ordinary heat of the human body. Plasters have been termed solid ointments, as they may be said to differ only in consistence from lini- ments, ointments, and cerates. EMPRESMA (Jv, and Trpf,9ui, to burn). Internal inflammation; a term employed, in its simple sense, by Hippocrates, &c., and revived by Dr. Good as a generic term for all those visceral inflammations generally distinguished by the suffix -itis. EMPROSTH'O'TOJNOS (f>7rpo,79£r, be- fore, Tctvw, to draw). Clonic spasm fix- ing the body forward. Compare Tetanus. EMPyE'M.\ {if, within, ttvov, pus). An internal abscess, particularly of^ the lungs; matter in the chest. This term was originally applied by the ancients lo every collection of purulent matter; it was subsequently confined to effusions into the pleura, and abscesses of the lungs; it is now applied by surgeons to effusions into the pleura only : hence the terms, empyema of pus, of blood, o( water and air, are often used as syno nynis of pleurisy, hajmolhorax, hydrotho- rax, and pneumothorax. Chronic pleu- risy constitutes the " purulent empyema" of surgeons. EMPYESIS(£/i7ru£(o, to suppurate). Pus tulous exanlhern; a term used by Hippo crates, and including, in Dr. Good's sys- tem, variola or small-pox. [Emptjesis oculi (ci/, in, ttvov, pus). Sup- puration of the eye. See Hypopium.] EMPYREUMA (f/iTuptiJoj, to set on fire; from n-iip, fire). Peculiar vapours pro- duced by destructive distillation. Hence the term empyreumatic is applied to the acid, and to the oil, which result from the destructive disiillalion of vcsretabh substances; and, hence, hartshorn is call- ed the empyreumaiic alkali. EMULGENTS {emulgeo, to milk out) A designation of the arteries and veins of the kidneys, which were supposed lo strain, or inuk out, the serum. A terra also applied to remedies which excite the flow of bile. EMULSIN. Vegetable albumen of almonds; a constituent of almond emul- sion. A peculiar acid is procured from it, termed emulsic acid. EMULSIO {emulgeo, to milk). An emulsion; a mixture of oil and water, made by means of mucilage, sugar, or yelk of egg. This term is used by the Edinburgh College for the Mistura of the London Pharmacopoeia [and Ph. U. S.] EMUNCTORY {emungo, to wipe out). An excretory duct; a canal through which the contents of an organ, as the gall-bladder, are discharged. ENAMEL. The hard exterior surface of the teeth. Also a white glass formed of peroxide of tin, &c. ENANTHESIS {Iv and dMoj, to blos- som). Rash exanthem ; including scarlet- fever, measles, and nettle-rash. — Good. EN A RTH ROSIS (£^ and apOpo 1/, a joint). A ball-and-socket joint. Hee Articulation. ENCANTHUS (.cu, in, Kii-Oo;, the cor- ner of the eye). A disease of the carun- ciila lachrymalis. ENCEPHALON {Iv, in. /cE^aX;?, the head). The brain; the contents of the skull, consisting of the cerebrum, cere- bellum, medulla oblongata, and mem- branes. 1. Encephahta. A term applied by Dr. Grant to the Fifth sub-kingdom of Animals, or Vertehrata, comprising ani- mals in which the brain is enclosed in a bony cavity. The classes are the pisces, amphibia, replilia, avps, and mammalia. 2. Enceplial-itis. Inflammation of the brain; as distmguished from meningitis, arachnitis, or inflammation of the mem- branes. 3. Encephalc-c€le{Kfi\ri,atumoviT). Her- nia of the brain, through the walls of the cranium, by a congenital opening, a frac- ture, &c. 4. Encephal-oid {clioi, likeness). A term applied to a morbid product, or encephalosis, the cut surface of which re- sembles brain. ENCHELIDF- MONAD. An animal- cule which performs the usual function of the green parts of plants, decomposing carbonic acid and evolving oxygen, un- der the influence of the light of the sun. E.\-CYSTKD (£)<, in, xwris, a cyst). A term applied to tumours which consist of [mattor contained in a sac or cyst. I ENDE'MIC {if, among, ^/j/xoj, a peo- END im ENT pie). An epithet for diseases peculiar to flaramaiion is said to be " but d'adfluxion, the inhabitants ol" particular countries — jet oiigine d'impulsion." native diseases. | Endosmo-meler {e^idosmosis, impulsion EN-DERJVIIC. A term indicative of the method of applying medicines to the denuded dermis. It is also called the emplastro-endermic method. EN DO {hiov, within). A Greek pre- position, signifying luiihin. 1. Endo-cardium {xapSia, the heart). A colourless transparent membrane, which lines the interior of the heart. Inflammation of this membrane is termed endocnnlUis. 2. Endo-carp (Kapwd;, fruit). The in- nermost portion of the pericarp. In some fruits it presents a bony consistence, as in the peacii, and has been termed puta- men. See Pericarp. 3. Endo-gen [yewaw, to produce). A plant whose stem grows by internal in- crease, as a palm. See Exogen. 4. Endo-phli£um {ifKow^, bark). An- other name for liber — the innermost layer of the bark oi exogens. 5. Endo-pleara [vXevpa, the side). The internal integument of the seed, also termed twiica interna, tegmen, hilofere, &c. 6. Endo-rrhizous (pii^a, a root). A term expressive of the mode of germina- tion of Endogens, in which the radicle is emitted from the substance of the radicular extremity, and is sheal/ied at its base by the substance from which it protrudes. This sheath is termed the cole opt He. 7. Endo-spermium (crKcpiia, seed). The name given by Richard to the albumen of other botanists. Jussieu termed it perisperm. 8. Eiido-stome (aro^a, a mouth). The orifice of the inner uitegument of the ovule, ill plants. 9. Endo-t/iecium {Ot'tKrt, a case). The name given by Purkinje to the lining of the anther, consisting of fibro-cellular tissue. ENDOSMO'SIS icvSov, within, oxr/^ds, impulsion).' The property by which rarer fluids pass through membranous sub stances into a cavity or space containing a denser fluid. M. Dutrochet, who has introduced this term, with a knowledge of the moiory principle to which it refers, has used othf rs explicative of his views of some operations in the animal eco- nomy : such is hi/perendosmose, or the state of things in inflammation ; with this are associated adfluxion, or accumulation of the fluids, and impulsion, or increased flow of the fluids onwards. Thus, in- jxtrpov, a measure). An instrument con- trived by Dutrochet lor measuring the force of the endosmosmic function. ENECIA (iivcKfii, continuous). A term denoting continued action, and applied by Dr. Good to continued fever, includ- ing the several species of inflammatory, typhous, and synochal lever. These were formerly called continentes, from their being supposed to be unattended by any change or relaxation whatever. EJN'EMA (£j/(>f;(, to inject). A clyster, lavement, or injection. A formula used for conveying both nourishment and me- dicine to the system, under particular morbid circumstances. EN-EPIDERMIC. A term indicative of the method of applying medicines to the epidermis, unassisted by friction, as when blisters, fomentations, &c., are em- ployed. See Endcrmic. [ENGORGEMENT. An overfulness, or obstruction of the vessels of a part; congestion.] >■ [ENGOUEMENT. Obstruction of a conduit by matters accumulated in it.] ENNEANDRIA (iwea, nine, dvr,p, man). The ninth class of plants in Lmnffius's system, comprehending those which have nine stamens. [Erineandrous. Having nine stamens of about equal length] ENNUI. Weariness; listless fatigue of the mind. ENS. The participle present of the verb sum, employed as a substantive, in philosophical language, for any being or existence. This term denotes, in che- mistry, a substance supposed to contain all the qualities or virtues of the ingre- dients from which it is drawn, in a small compass: — 1. Ens Marfis. Fcrrum Aramoniatum. Ammoniated Iron, or Martial Flowers of the muriate of ammonia and iron. 2. Ens Vc7icTis. The ancient desig- nation of the muriate of ammonia and copper. ii. Ens primum. A name given by the alchemists to a tincture which ihcy sup- posed to have the power of transmuting the metals. ENSIFORM (ensis, a sword, forma, likeness). [Sword-shaped.] A Latin term applied to the sword-Uhe cartilage of the sternum. The corresponding term in Greek is xiphoid. ENTASIS (ivTcUno, to stretch). A term denoting intention, or stretching, and ENT 138 EPI applied by Good to constrictive spasm, in- cluding cramp, wry-neck, locked-jaw, &.C. EN'l'ERA (cvrcpa, the bowels, from hrds, within). The intestines. 1. Enteric. Belonging to the intestines. 2. Enter-ids. Intlainmalion of the in- testines— the termination in itis, being the nosological sign of inflammation. 3. Eulero-cele {Kfi\ri, a tumour). A her- nia, the contents of which are intestine. 4. Enlero-epiplo-cele {cTrtrXooi', omen- tum, Ki'iXn, a tumour). A hernia, the con- tents oC which are both intestine and omentum. 5. Enlero-litku.1 (Xt'Gof, a stone). An intestinal concretion, as a bezoar, a cal- culus, &c. 6. Entero-rrhaphia (pa<pfi, a suture). A suture ofthe divided edgesof an intestine. 7. Entero-tonie {rt^vw, to cut). An instrument for the operation of artificial anus. EiNTOMOLINE {ivronov, an insect). See Chiiine. ENTOMOLOGY {tvTOjia, insects, Xi5yof , an account). That part of Zoology which treats of insects. EiNTOZOA (tcrof, within, Idh, life). Intestinal worms. See Vermes. ENTROPiUiM (£<-, in, rpmj, to turn). Inversio palpebrcB. Inversion of the eye- lid. Compare Eclropium. ENURESIS (£»/, in, ovpov, urine). In- continence of urine; involuntary dis- charge of urine. EPACTAL. The name given by Fischer to the inter-parietal bone of Geoffrey St. Hilaire. It is only deve- loped after birth, and is only occasionally met with. EPI (£771). A Greek preposition, denot- ing upon, for, &c. Hence the conT- pounds : — 1. Ep-anetus [aviriiii, to remit). A term denoting remittent, and applied by Good to remittent fever, including the mild form, the malignant form, and hectic fever. 2. Eph-elit (ilXiof, the sun). Tan- spots; sun-burn; dark freckles, conflu- ent or corymbose, disappearing in the winter. 3. Eph-emem {n/iipa, a day). A fever which runs its course of the cold, hot and sweating stages in twelve hours. 4. Eph-ialies (aWofiat, to leap). Incu bus, or nightmare; ihe imaginary being which seems to leap upon the chest o( the sleeper. 5. Epk-idro'sifC'^p6o), to petspWe). Pro- fuse and morbid perspiration. 6. Eph-ippium (a saddle ; from eti, upon, "tttos, ahorse). Sella turcica. Part ol' the OS sphenoides, so called lirom its saddle-like shape. Epicanthus (eti, upon, Kavdos, the cor- ner of the eye). A Ibid of skin covering the internal canlhus. 7. Epi-carp (/oapirdf, fruit). The ex- terior portion of the pericarp, commonly termed the skin of fruits. See Pericarp. 8. Epi-cra'nium {Kpai/iov, the cranium). The integuments, and epineurotic ex- pansion which lie over the cranium. 9. Epi-cranius. A name sometimes given to the occipito-fronlalis muscle, Irom ils covering the cranium. 10. Epi-chrosis (xpiofia, colour). A coloured or spotted surlace of any kind, applied to maculre, or blemishes of the skin, as freckles, sun-burn, &c. 11. Epi-demic (Jtnjio;, the people). An epithet lor a popular, prevailing, but not native disease, arising from a general cause, as excessive heat. See Endemic. 12. Epi-dermis (icppia, the skin). The cuticle, or scarf-skin ; the thin horny layer which protects the surface of the integument. The external layer of the bark of plants. 13. Epi-didymis {^livfioi, two; the tes- tes). The small oblong btidy which lies above the testis, formed by the convolu- tions of the vasa efTerentia, external to the testis. 14. Epi-gaslrium {yaarhp, the stomach). The superior part of the abdomen; the part situated above the belly. 15. Epi-genesis iyhecrts, generation). A term applied to a theory of non-sexual generation, in which each new germ is an entirely new production of the parent organism. Compare Evolution. [Epigeou.i (y;), the earth). Growing close upon the earth.] 16. Epi-gloUis (yXajTTis, glottis). A cartilage of the larynx, situated above the glottis. 17. Epi-gynous {yvvf\, a woman). That condition of the stamens of a plant, in which they adhere both to the calyx and the ovarium, as in umbelliferous plants. 18. Epi-lepsy (Xapiffavw, to seiz"). An attack, particularly of the falling sick- ness. This affection has been called morbus divinus, morbus herculeus, mor- bus sacer, morbus comitialis, morbus caducus, mal caduc, &c. 19. Epi-nyctis (cuf, vmrdq. night). A pustule, so called, because the eruption first appeared, or only appeared, by night; or because it was most troublesome at night. The term is applied by Sauvages to ecthyma. EPI EQU [ Epiphenomenon. An adventitious Bymplom, one not essentially attendant on the disease.] 20. Epi-phlosum (,<p\oiQg, bark). A layer of bark, situated immediately beneath the epidermis, termed by JVlohl, phlojum or peridermis. 21. Epi-phora {eirKpcpco, to Carry with force). The watery eye ; flux of tears. It is distinguished from slillicidium lac- rymarum, which consists in an obstacle to the absorption and conveyance of the tears from the lacus lacrymarum into the sac; whereas Epiphora consists in a su perabundant secretion of tears. 22. Epi-physis {<piu), to grow). A pro cess of a bone attached by cartilage to a bone, and not a part of the same bone. It differs from Apophysis, which is a- pro- cess of a bone, and a part of the same bone. 23. Epi-ploon (ttXem, to sail). The omentum; a membranous expansion which^Zoa^s upon the intestines. 24. Epi-plo-cete (iTr'nrXoov, omentum, KnKrj, tumour). Hernia of the Epiploon, or omentum. 25. Epi-pl-oscheo-cele, {inirrXoov, the omentum, oaxcov, the scrotum, KfiXti, a tumour). A hernia in which the omen- tum descends into the scrotum. 26. Epirrheo-logy {i-aippoi-i, a flowing on, Xiiyof, an account). That branch of science which treats of the efTects of ex- ternal agents upon living plants. 27. Epi-schesis (iax'to, to restrain). Ob- struction ; suppression of excretions. 