None
155 Exercise, effects of, on : biliousness, 366-7 ; necessity for, , in, 414 combustion of alcohol, 119-20 constipation, 229-30, 428-9 diabetes, 42-3, 58-60 liver, 109-304 Eye- muscles, effect of alcohol on, 95, Eye-sight, effect of kava on, 182 ; of tobacco, 167 Faintness due to excessive tobacco smoking, 166 ; to flatulence, 336 Fasting : effect of alcohol during, 120 influence on glycogen formation, 14 ; on glycosuria, 16 Fat: action of bacteria on, 446 importance in maintaining body temperature, 88 in cocoa, 180 non-absorption of, in sprue, 288-9 Fatigue, effect of alcohol on, 85 Fats in brown bread, 195 Fayrer, Sir Joseph, on : alcohol on body temperature, 90 chronic diarrhoea, 233, 244, 292 Fehling's solution, and Pavy's, 66 Ferment or ferments (see also En- zymes) : alcoholic, separated from yeast, 451 condition of, in the body, 8 diastatic : in blood and liver, 20 ; effect of alkalies on, 40-1 • result of increase in, 28-9 in germinating wheat, 4 in urine of albuminuria, 390-1 digestive : non-digestion of living tissues by, 3 presence in urine of albuminuria, 387-92 glycolytic : attempt to extract from raw meat, 46-7 in blood, action on sugar, 30-2 in lungs, action on sugar in blood, 32 in muscle, 8-10 action on sugar, 31-2 INDEX 479 Ferment or ferments : glycolytic : in muscle, attempt to isolate, 7, 61, 450-3 treatment of diabetes by, 9-10, 41-2, 46, 47, 451 pancreatic : absorption of, 28 action on white and brown bread, 191-4 Fermentation in over-filled stomach, 201 Ferrier, Dr., 322 Fibrin, action of bacteria on, 441-2, 443 Fick, on the decomposition of pep- tones, 15-16 Fifth nerve : distribution, 164 effect of betel-nut on, 171 ; of tobacco, 165 of irritation of, on brain circu- lation, 164-5 Figs : abdominal pain caused by, 252 laxative properties of, 227 Finkler's comma spirillum, experi- ments on the fe/ment action of, 435-47 Finkler-Prior bacillus, occurrence and microscopical appearance, 268 Fits, temporary glycosuria following, 21 Flatulence : cause of, 334-5 effect of carminatives on, 210, 225 in abdominal pain, 252 ; in gastric catarrh, 407-8 regulation of diet in, 409-10 Flint, ref. to, 12 Floating kidney, gall bladder simu- lating, 328-30 Food (see also Diet regulation) : albuminous. Glycerine : combustion in the body, 31 origin in the body, 32, 47 use of, in diabetes, 43-4 Glycerine-aldehyde, production of, in the body, 32 Glycerine extract of muscle, in diabetes, 9-10, 46, 47, 451 Glycocine, formation in the body, 15 Glycogen : conversion into sugar, 20 49 different qualities of, 18 formation of, in : liver, the. See Liver, glyco- genetic function muscles, 16, 18-19 in the liver, influence on destruction of bacterial poisons, 419-20 in the urine of albuminuria, 392-3 Glycogenesis. See Liver, glycogene- tic function Glycolytic enzymes. See under Fer- ments Glycosuria : causes (see also Diabetes, causes): alcohol, 129 drugs, 33-4 injection of salts of soda, 35 ; of sugar, 14-15 complications in, 53-4 distinguished from diabetes, 51, 52. 56, 59-60 enlarged liver in, 326-7 Glycosuria : fat and lean, 51-2 gouty, cases -of, 52-3 ; duration of, 56, 59 j diagnosis from diabetes, 57-8, 59; treatment of, 42-3, 54-5, 58-9, 60 in starved animals, 34 intermittent, causes of, and treat- ment, 16-18 potash test for sugar, fallacy in, (33-4 respiratory, 26-7 treatment, 54-5 ; 426-7 use of term, 11, 51 with albuminuria, 392-3 Gollop, G., notes of his case, 384, 394-5, 396-7 Goltz, G., on glycosuria, 35 Gorgyai, on transformation of pep- tones, 413 Gout : abdominal pain in gouty persons, 252 ; treatment, 257 different forms of alcohol on, 136-7 in different countries, 137 pathology of, 420-3 treatment of, 423-4 Gouty glycosuria. See Glycosuria Grape cure of diseases due to imper- fect elimination, 426 Grape-sugar : chemical composition and formula, 124 conversion to alcohol, 124-5 non-combustion of, in the living body, 30-1 Graves, Dr., on morning diarrhoaa, 237-8 Gregory, Dr., 137 Gregory, on the action of codeine, 259, 260 Gregory's powder, 205, 430 Guarana, 181 Gubler, on albuminuria, 377 Gunjah, 160 Haemorrhage, from piles, arrest of, 306 Haemorrhoids. See Piles Haig, Dr., on uric acid in the body, 420-3 Hall, Rev. J. Vine, intemperance and cure of, 100, 155 Hallucinations in delirium trcinen*, 98 Hamamelis, application of, to piles, 305-6, 464 Hamilton, Dr., 137 ; ref. to "Purga- tive Medicines," 428 INDEX 481 Hammond, on alcohol as a food, 79 Hankin, Mr., ref. to, 5 Harley, on diabetes, 29, 36, 89, 51 Harper, Dr., 327 Harrogate waters, 424 Hartley, Mr., 327 Harvey, 2 Haschisch, effects of, 160 ; compared to opium, 161 Hansas, knowledge of Pharmacology among, 2 Hay, on saline purgatives, 239 Headache : arteries in, causes of, 321-3 treatment, 320-1 ; 323-4 " Headache in the stomach," 253-4 ; causes of, 254-5 Heart : circulation in the. Inorganic poisons and specific in- fective diseases, 346 Inosite, in diabetic urine, 52-3 II 482 INDEX Jnsalivation, importance of, 206 Insanity : due to intemperance, 144-6 inherited from alcoholism, 140 Intemperance : advisability of total abstinence in persons addicted to, 104, 114 causes of : bad cooking and unsavoury food, 101-2 depression, 104 et seq., 117 desire for pleasure and success, 114-16 doctor's orders, 102-3 hereditary tendency, 112-14 tobacco-smoking, 169 drunkenness (state of), effect of attention in warding off, 123 ; produced by sipping, 109 effects of : chronic diseases due to, 133-8 delirium tremens, 97-9 moral degradation due to, 100, 142-5 on longevity, 138-40 transmission of morbidtendencies, 140-2 forms of intemperance, effects of : chronic moderate alcoholism, 99- 100, 129 different forms of alcohol, 79, 129-33 nipping, 115-18 immunity of drunken men from accidents, 95-6 relation to crime, 144-5 ; to lunacy, 144-7 symptom of, 337-8 Internal congestion avoided by alco- hol, 91 Intestinal absorption : action of purgatives on, 239 ; of sigmoid flexure, 241 gas, of, and action of carminatives on, 210-25, 334-5 influence of massage on, 244 Intestinal ferment, in the urine of albuminuria, 391-2 obstruction, case of, 308-13 secretion : in cholera, 274 of water, effect of saline purgatives on, 239 Intestines : condition of, in sprue, 290, 295 diabetes produced by irritation of,26 effect of alcohol on,' 129 Intestines : immunity of tissues during diges- tion, 3-5 malignant disease of, causing diarrhoea, 235 pain in, effect of codeine on, 261-2 peristalsis : action of purgatives on, 239 increase of, in diarrhoea, 241 stimulation of, 226-9, 231-2 Invert enzyme in yeast plant, 4 Involuntary muscular fibre, condition of, in abdominal pain, 249-50, 252 Iron : perchloride of, in debility of stomach, 209 ; in diabetes, 42 persesquinitrate, in morning diar- rhoea, 238 Irritants, on a full and empty stomach, 459 Irving, Washington, "Lives of the Caliphs," story from, 427-8 Jaborandi, antagonistic alkaloids in, 5, 419 Jaborine, antagonism to pilocarpine, 5,419 Jalap powder, 428 Jam, in constipation, 429 Japan, a method of using tea in, 172 Jaundice : causes of : blood changes, 338-9, 354-5 injection of toluylenediamine, 349, 366 obstruction of bile duct, 339-41, 343, 368 obstruction of biliary capillaries, 355 phosphorus poisoning, 348 duration of catarrhal, 339 in acute yellow atrophy of liver : cause of, 355 character of, 346, 350 in diagnosing biliary from renal calculi, 256 notes of a case, 341-3 remedies, 340 symptoms, 333-4, 339 Jeaffreson, Dr., 328 Jessop, Mr., 321 Johnson, cause of inability to swim across the Channel, 88 Junker's inhaler, 258, 370 Kava, 182 INDEX 483 Kidneys : effect on, of alcohol, 99-100, 116-17, 136 injection of peptones, 107 excretion by : alcohol, of, 96 effect of, on action of opium, 152 sugar, of, fallacy of usual tests, 62-5 formation of uric acid by, 422 not in fault in diabetes, 12 Kino, use of, for intestinal complaints, 460 Kjeldahl's method of estimating nitro- gen, 193 Klein, Dr., investigations on the bacilli of cholera, 277 ; in milk, 268, 269 Koch's comma bacillus, 268 comma spirillum, investigations on the ferment action of, 435-47 tuberculin, 419 Koumiss, 133 Kratschmer, on the treatment of diabetes, 39 Kretschy and Duchek, on the treat- ment of diabetes, 39 Kronecker, Prof., on the effect of sipping, 108 Kiihne, Prof. Laevulose : origin of, in the body, 17 properties of, 13 n. Lambert, Daniel, 51 Lancereaux, on alcoholism, 140-2, 146 ; on fat glycosuria, 5l Lane, Mr., on tobacco and sobriety (quotation), 169 Langston, Dr., 246 Larynx, treatment of catarrh of, 464-5 Lavoisier, the founder of chemistry, 7 Laxatives, 227-8 Layard, Sir Austin Henry, on tobacco and sobriety, 170 Lefevre, 38 Lehmann, on albuminuria, 376 Lemon-juice, to relieve opium effects, 154 Leube, on arsenic in diabetes, 40 ; on the affects of alcohol on diges- tion, 127-8 Leucine, 15 Leudet, Prof., on the action of alcohol on the stomach and intestines, 129 Levenstein, Dr., on the craving for morphia, 156-7 Lewis and Cunningham, on cholera toxins, 272, 273 Liddon, Canon, cause of death of, 421-2 Liebig, on bread, 187 Liebig's extract. See Meat extracts Liebreich, Dr. Oscar, on chloral. 157-8 Liebscher, on lupinosis, 348 n. Light, effect of, on animal organisms, 110-11 ; on the circulation, 76 Lime in water, constipation due to, 228-9 Linnaeus, on gout among Laplanders, 137 Lipchus, use of tea among, 172 Liquids, necessity for abstaining from, in diarrhoea, 242 Littlejohn, Dr., a case of constipation relieved by opium, 230 Liver : acute yellow atrophy of : cause of death in, 353 jaundice and ecchymoses in, 355 description of case, 349-51 ; notes, 360-1 diagnosis, 355-6 diagnosis from poisoning by inor- ganic substances (antimony, arsenic, phosphorus), 345-9, 350, 356 by organic substances (lu- pins, toluylenediamine,viperine venoms), 348-9, 351, 354 rarity of, 345 relation to specific infective dis- eases, 346-9 separation of poisonous diamine in, 350-1, 353; action of diamine, 353-4 treatment, 356-7 varieties, 346-7 chill in, 300-1, 461 circulation in. See Circulation 484 INDEX Liver : condition of, in fasting and diges- tion, 298 ; in sprue, 292-3 congestion of, 297—8 connection with melancholy, 106P-7 diabetes due to irritation of, 26 diastatic ferment in, effect of in- crease of, 28 disorders of, leading to indigestion, 411-14 effect on, of alcohol, 99-100, 129, 136; of exercise, 109, 304, 366-7 enlarged non-malignant, 326-7 functions of, 35, 365-6 first investigations of, 48-9 glycogenetic function, 14-16, 49-51 difference of glycogens formed by, 18 reciprocal action of muscles and, 33 result of imperfect glyco- genesis, 16-19, 50-1 transformation of glycogen, 20 causes of increase of. See Circulation in the liver gall bladder simulating floating kidney, 328 duct obliterated and absent gall bladder, 331 stones without hepatic symp- toms, 330 hepatic stimulants, 109 immunity of tissues during diges- tion, 5 malignant disease : in apparently healthy liver, 325 simulating aneurism, 327 ; cir- rhosis, 326 non-action in biliousness, 365-6 powers of assimilation, 50 red atrophy of, case of, 351-3 ; notes of case, 357-60 right lobe enlarged, 327 syphilitic disease simulating cancer, 326 treatment of, in piles, 303-4 vaso-motor changes in, effect on stomach, 408-9 nerves of. See Vaso-motor nerves Lomikowsky, on the effect of alkalies on sugar formation, 40-1 Longevity, effect of alcohol on, 138- 40 Lorimer, on morning diarrhoea, 237 Louis XIV., 428 Ludwig, Prof., method of studying physiology, 3 ; on the action of peptones, 412-13 ; on combus- tion in the body, 9, 30, 32 Lunacy, relation to intemperance, 144-7 Lungs, glycogen in, 18 ; sugar-de- stroying ferment in, 30, 32, 47 Lupinosis, 347, 348-9 Lusk, ref. 6-7 Medulla oblongata, vaso-motor centre in, 21 Membranous enteritis, 431 Mendelief, ref. to, 7 Menthol, effect on the ferment action of bacteria, 439 Mercury, use of, in heart disease, 466 Metschnikoff, Prof., 2 Meyer, experiments of, on digestibility of white and brown bread, 196 Mialhe, on alkalies in diabetes, 40 Michea and Reynoso, on the connec- tion between fits and glyco- suria, 21 Microbes. See Bacteria Micrococci, in acute yellow atrophy of liver, 347 Migraine : causes of : local irritation, 254-5 visual defects, 321-2 condition of arteries in, 250-1 Milk : bacillus of, 268, 269 digestion of, 404 food value, 184 quantity required to maintain the body, 244-5 Milk cure, in chronic diarrhcea, 233, 426-7; in hill diarrhoea, 244, 291 ; in diabetes, 43, 426-7 ; in typhoid, 426-7 Mineral poisoning, relation to specific infective disease, 346, 349-53 Mitral disease, jalap powder in, 428 Moleschott, on the influence of light, 110 Moore, Dr. Norman, diagnosis of red atrophy of liver, 352 Moreau, ref. to, 239 Morgagni, ref. to, 2 Morning diarrhoaa : causes, 237-41 description, 233-4 treatment, 234, 242-3, 337-8 Morning headache, 323 Morphine : administration in abdominal pain, 262 ; in diabetes, 39, 57 ; in cholera nostras, 271 glycosuria produced by, 33 habit, effects and treatment, 156-7 in opium, 150 subcutaneous injection of, in ab- dominal pain, 257-8 ; in head- ache, 320-1 : to relieve pain, 259 Moselle, amount taken with impunity, 104 Moses, hygienic law of, 416 Mosso, Prof., on brain circulation, 164 Murchison, on the pain of gall-stones, 330 Murray, ref. to, 48 Muscarine : antagonism to atropine, 272, 276 symptoms of poisoning by, 276 ; similarity to symptoms of Asiatic cholera, 267, 276 Muscle, or Muscles : abdomen, of, action on peristalsis of intestines, 231-2 action of bacteria on, 447 ; of lime, soda and potash salts on volun- tary, 185 destruction of sugar in, 7-9, 30, 31, 41, 42, 46-8 reciprocal action of liver and, 33 effect on, of alcohol, 86, 95 ; mas- sage, 59 functions of, 35 glycogen formation in, 16, 18-19 ; attempt to isolate glycolytic ferment in, 450-3 peptones, formed in, 16 relation to diabetes, 29 sugar formed in, 29 Muscle juice, action on diabetic urine and on dextrose, 453 Muscular action, effect on sugar in blood, 21 fibres of rectum, relation to piles, 298-9 weakness, in diabetes, 12, 32 Mushroom poisoning, similarity of symptoms to those of cholera, 267 Myxoedema, treatment of, 6, 46 Namias, Dr., on tobacco poisoning, 162 Napoleon, popular story regarding, 427 486 INDEX Narcotic : action of a, 92-3 definition of term, 71 effect of on vaso-motor centre, 27 relation to a stimulant, 72 Narcotics : alcohol. See that name beef-tea, 122 chloral, 157-60 Indian hemp, 160-1 morphia, 156-7 opium, 149-57 panada, 122 tobacco, 161-70 warm spirits and water, 121-2 wet compress, 122 Nares, Sir George, 174-5 Narghile", 169, 170 Nencki and Schultzen, on urea, 15 Nepenthe, use in abdominal pain, 257 Nervous exhaustion, a cause of, 430- 1 ; treatment, 467-8 system : effects on, of alcohol, 92-6 ; differ- ent forms of alcohol, 129 of chloral, 159-60 of coffee, 178 of opium, 151-3 of tea, 172-3 order of deterioration of nerve cen- tres, 94-5 order of development of nerve cen- tres, 93 Netschajew, successful operation on perforated typhoid ulcer, 319 Neumann, Prof., on alcoholism, 135 Neuralgia, remedies for, guarana, 181 ; tea, 175 Neurasthenia caused by constipa- tion, 430-1 Neurine, formation from albuminous food, 267 Nicander, 2 Nicotine : composition and effects, 161-6 in different preparations of tobacco, 168 Niemeyer, on diabetes, 28 Nitric acid, character of urine giving purple reaction with, 63, 64 Nitrite of amyl, diabetes caused by, 34-5 Nitro-benzol, diabetes caused by, 35 Nitroerythrol, 6 Nitrogenous food, a cause of bilious- ness, 364 Norris, Prof., method of imitating .formation of rouleaux by cor- puscles, 449 Nothnagel, on the movements of the small intestine, 241 Nutrition, different forms of alcohol on, 130, 134-5 Oddfellows, average sickness and death-rate among, 139-40 Oil, use of,. in gall-stones, 371-2 Oil of cloves, action on intestinal absorption of gas, 214—16, 218, 220-23 action on intestinal secretion, 225 Opium : a remedy in food poisoning, 203 action of, 150-2 ; compared with alcohol, 150, 152 ; delayed, 151 ; direction of, 152-3 ; on irritated intestine, 202 ; com- pared with codeine, 262 ; on vaso-motor reflexes, 39 administration, in cholera nostras, 266, 270 ; in constipation, 230-1 ; in diabetes, 27, 57, 60 ; in morning diarrhoea, 237 composition, 150 effect of dose, 152-3, 154 ; of sudden abstinence from, 155 effects of, 154-6 ; compared to chloral, 158 ; to haschisch, 161 ; to morphia, 156 in relief of pain, 151, 259 preparation of, and different forms of, 149-50 smoking, effects of, 155 ; cause of difference from tobacco-smok- ing, 168 Optic thalainus, diabetes caused by injury to, 28 Orfila, on intestinal absorption of H2S, 224, 334 Organs, investigations of functions of, 48-9 Organic acids, glycosuria due to in- jection into blood, 35 Organotherapy : ancient practice and modern theory, 1 first employed, 9 in diabetes, 41-2, 46-8 Osteo-malachia, 376 Overwork, a cause of indigestion, 410 ; effects, 413 Oxygen : absorption of, by blood-vessels, 334; in diabetes, 33 INDEX 487 Oxygen : carrying power of blood, 86 Pain, a stimulant to action, 72-3 abdominal. See under Abdomen action on the circulation, 74-5 Pancreas : alteration in, in sprue, 289, 295 digestion by, of proteids (dead pancreas), 8 ; of white and brown bread, 191-4 digestion products, coagulation temperature, 382-3 ; effect of urea and uric acid on, 383-4 ferments of : absorption, 28 formation of enzymes in, 4 presence of trypsin in urine of albuminuria, 391, 399 relation of diseased, to diabetes, 17- 18 ; 28-9 Paraglobulin, in urine of albuminuria, 393-4 Paralysis : inherited from alcoholism, 142 progressive, of nerve centres due to alcohol, 94-6 Pardington, Dr., a case of, 261, 262 Parkes, Dr., on albuminuria, 377 on alcohol, action during exertion, 118, 119, 410 ; amount taken with impunity, 103 on diabetes, 18 Pasteur, 2, 7 Pathology, pioneers of, 2 ; primitive ideas of, 2 ; relation to chemis- try, 7 ; relation to physiology, pharmacology and medicine, Pavy, Dr. : dialysis of albuminous urine, 377-8 on diabetes, 12, 17, 21, 24, 27, 28 ; treatment of, 39, 41, 44, 259 simultaneous production of gly- cosuria and albuminuria, 399 Pavy's solution, and Fehling's, 66 ; in testing for sugar in urine, 63-4 Pears, stewed, use in constipation, 429 Pelvic floor, action in defaecation, 231-2 ; 432 Pepsin : absorption of, by fibrin, 387, 390 ; from the stomach, 28 administration in debility of stomach, 208-9 Pepsin : effect of alcohol on, 84 non-digestion of living tissue by, 3 presence of, in the urine of albu- minuria, 387, 390 Peptones : effect of injection of, into the circulation, 412-13 formed from fibrin by enzymes, 443 in the urine of albuminuria, 387 origin and fate of, in the body, 3, 15-16, 49 properties, 375 Peritonitis : dilatation of arteries in, 336 in gall-stones, 329 Pettenkofer and Voit, on diabetes, 33 Pharmacology, definition of, 1 ; know- ledge of, among animals and savages, 1 ; pioneers of, 2 ; relation to chemistry, 7 ; to pathology, 2 ; to physiology, 3, 6 Philpot, Dr., a case of, 261, 262 Phosphorus, poisoning by : acute atrophy of liver, simulating, 345, 348 impaired oxidation in, 31-2 in England, and on the Continent, 347 lupinosis simulating, 348 symptoms, 347-8 Phthisis, morning diarrhoea in, 237 Physiology, pioneers of, 2 ; relation to allied sciences, 1-7 Physostigmine, action of, 5, 419 ; symptom of, 353 Piles : action of sphincter ani, 298 causes of: conditions predisposing to, 300-3 dilatation of li£emorrhoidal arte- ries, 299-300 local congestion of rectum, 302-3 local irritation of haemorrhoidal veins, 299-300 venous obstruction, due to irrita- tion and contraction of fibres of rectum, 298-9 ; portal con- gestion, 296-8 evacuation of bowels in, 229, 305 pathology, 296-7 treatment, 303-7, 463-4 Pilocarpine, antagonism to jaborine, 5,419 Pipes and cigars, merits of, 168, 169; different forms of, 169-170 488 INDEX Plague, terror of, diminished by anti- septics, 455 Plants, ferments in, 4 ; poisons and antidotes formed by, 5 Platen, on the effect of light on the organism, 110 Pleasure, a stimulant to action, 72-3 ; action on the circulation, 74-5 Ploz, on the transformation of peptones, 413 and Tiegel, on ferments, 29 Pneumogastric nerve, glycosuria due to irritation, 25-7 Poisons (forspecific poisons see under the various names — arsenic, mushrooms, etc.) : alkaloidal. See Alkaloids bacterial. Pressure, action of, on intestine, 231 Proteids : action of alcohols and aldehydes on, 67-70 digestion of, by dead pancreas, 8 Prunes, stewed, use of in constipation, 227, 429 Psilosis linguae, reason for name, 290 Ptyalin, in the urine of albumin uria, 390-1 Purgatives : action of, 238-9 cliange of, necessity for, 459 cholagogue, effect of, 430 dinner pills, 429-30 on a full and empty stomach, 459 " Purgative Medicine," ref. to, 428 Putnam, Dr., ref. to, 322 Pye-Srnith, Dr., 278-9 ; saline purga- tives on the intestines, 239 Pyridine, 165, 168 Quassia, in debility of stomach, 209 Quinine : administration in morning diarrhoea, 237 bitterness compared to that of hops, 126 effect on acid in blood, 31 ; on vaso-motor reflexes, 40 Eaisins, indigestibility of, 200 Rana temporaria, action of caffein on muscles of, 175 viridis, action of caffein on muscles of, 175 Raw meat, treatment of diabetes by, 9-10, 41-2, 46-8, 450 Rayer, on diabetes, 18 Rechabites, average sickness and death-rate among, 139-40 Rectum : piles. See that name prolapse of, 431 ulceration of, 237 Reflex action : from the mouth, effect of stimulants on, 80-1, 163, 166, 171, 181 from the stomach : due to irritation of vagus, 253 effect of alcohol on, 81-3, 120; different forms of alcohol on, 127 in the spinal cord, non-effect of alcohol on, 95 vaso-motor reflexes : diabetes due to hepatic, 25-8 effect of drugs on, 27, 39 Renal calculus : distinguished biliary calculus,25fi-7 treatment, 257-8, 424-6 INDEX 489 Renal colic, use of term, 250 Kennin, administration in indigestion, 208 Reptilia, nitrogenous waste in, 420 Respiration, effect of alcohol on, 96 ; effect of, on blood pressure, 21 Respiratory glycosuria, 21, 26-7 organs, effect of alcohol on, 138 Rest, need of, in heart disease, 465 ; need of regularly recurring, 467 Rheumatic tendency of sufferers from abdominal pain, 252 ; treat- ment, 257 Rhodes, J. H., and T. Lauder Brunton : "On the Presence of a Glycolytic Enzyme in Muscle," 450-53 " Ueber ein glycolytisches Enzym in den Muskeln," 61 Kichardson, Dr. W. : on diabetic diet, 38 self-cure of diabetes, 42-3, 58 Ringer, Prof., 246 ; saline solution on frog's heart, 184 Roberts, Dr. F. T., "Handbook of Medicine," ref. to, 12 Sir Win., on the solvent action of urine, 423 Robiquet, discovery of codeine by, 259 (junior), on codeine, 260 Rolleston, Dr. H. Saikowsky, on arsenic in diabetes, 40 St. Bartholomew's Hospital, dinner at, 199 St. Martin, Alexis, observations on the stomach of, 97, 104, 204, 298, 411-12 Salad, digestibility of, 200 Salicylate of soda and bromide of potassium, in nervous exhaus- tion, 468 Salicylic acid, use of, in gout, 423 Saline solution, on frog's heart, 184-5 Salivary digestion, 403 ; of white and brown bread, 190-1 glands, effect of excess of alcohol on, 97 ; reflex stimulation of, 80, 163 Salt, action in digestion, 102 Salts : influence on coagulation tempera- ture of albumins, 381 laxative properties of vegetable, 227 purgative. See Purgatives Sandiland, Dr., 290 Sandovv's exerciser, 367 Saponin, occurrence of, 181 Savory and Moore, 383 Scheremetjewski, on combustion in the body, 9, 30-2 Schidrowitz and Rosenheim, analysis of white and brown bread, 189 Schiff : on diabetes, 21, 22, 27, 28 on the effects of woorara, 27 on excretion of bile, 365-6 Schmidt-Miihlheim, Dr., on the action of peptones, 412-13 ; method of studying physiology, 3 Schmiedeberg, Prof., on alcohol, 86 ; on toluylenediamine poisoning, 349 Schopffer, on injection of sugar, 15 Schultzen, on combustion of sugar, 31-2 ; on glycerine in diabetes, 43-4 and Nencki, on formation of urea, 15 Sciatic nerve, glycosuria from irri- tation of, 28 Scrofula, liability of drunkard's chil- dren to, 140 Scurf bacillus, ferment action of, 435 Sedentary habits causing piles, 303 Seegen, on diabetes, 12 Senator, on albuminuria, 376 ; on poisoning by H2S, 224 Senff, on diabetes, 27 Senna leaves, in constipation, 227 Serum-albumin : action of alcohols and aldehydes on, 69 in urine of albuminuria, 393 urea and uric acid on temperature coagulation of, 380-1 490 INDEX Sewer gas, a cause of depression, 111 Sherry, amount taken with impunity, 104 ; an aid to digestion, 410 Sick headache. See Migraine Sickness, morning, 337-8 Sigmoid flexure : apparatus for applying ointment to, 242 ; diagram, 243 diarrhoea due to irritability of, 233-4, 240. See also Morning- diarrhoea due to malignant disease of, 246 function of, 241 prolapse into rectum, 234, 431-2 Simpson, Sir James, on membranous enteritis, 431 Sipping, effect on the circulation, 108-9 ; on the liver, 109 Skin : action in regulating body temper- ature, 87-9 condition of, in beer-drinkers, 135- 6 ; in diabetes, 12 effect of chloral on, 159 temperature of, in sweating, 89 Smith, Dr. Horton, on typhoid urine, 466 Sir Thomas, 325 Smoking : opium, 155 tobacco, 165-7 Soda, salts of, effect of injection of, into veins, 35 bicarbonate of, effect on formation of sugar in the liver, 41 ; on mucous membrane of stomach, 201 use of, in diagnosing gall-stones and duodenal ulcer, 369 ; in flatulence, 409 ; in relief of nausea, 202, 264 salicylate of, use of, in abdominal pain, 253-7 in catarrhal jaundice, 340 ; in gouty glycosuria, 57, 60 ; in headache, 320-24 Soft food, effect of, 429 Spencer, Herbert, 93 Sphincter ani, relation to piles, 298 Spinal cord : diabetes from division of, 22 physostigmine and calabarin on, 419 Spirits, compared with wines and ales, as to : composition, 125 effects on digestion, 127-8; on general nutrition, 130 ; on nervous system, 129-30 local action, 125-6 Splanchnic nerves, connection with vaso-motor nerves of liver, '21 ; effect of section in producing diabetes, 24 Spleen, retention of uric acid in, 420-2 Sponges, cell life in, 417 Sprue : case of, 293-4 cause of white stools in, 288-9, 295 characteristics, 244, 286, 287 compared with hill diarrhoea, 243- 4, 286-8, 290 condition of anus in, 287, 289 ; of mouth, 287, 289 ; of oesopha- gus and intestine, 289-90 ; of pancreas, 295 treatment of, 244, 290-2, 294 Stadelmann, on toluylenediamine poisoning, 349 Starch. See Carbohydrates Starved animals, glycosuria in, 34 Stephen, Leslie, 96 Sterility due to alcoholism, 142 Stevenson, Dr., 325 Stimulants : action in depression, 104-8 ; in digestion, 101-2 definition of term, 71 ; restriction of term, 76-7 different forms of : alcohol. See that name beef-tea, 119, 182-5 betel-nut, 170-1 chocolate, 181 coca, 181-2 cocoa, 180 cola-nut, 182 ether, 149 guarana, 181 kava, 182 tea, 171-6 pleasure and pain, the normal stimuli, 72-5 use in abdominal pain, 252 Stivens, Dr. Lyne, 288 Stockvis, on albuminuria, 376 Stomach : debility of, 205, 206-9 INDEX 491 Stomach : digestion in : aids to, 101-3, 409-10, 457-8 albuminous food of, 13, 15-16 influence of mental conditions on, 101 dilatation of, 209, 240 effect of opium on, 150-1 ; of stimulus on, 83 (see also Alcohol effects) ; of intemper- ance on, 97, 116, 129, 204 gas absorption in, effect of carmin- atives on, 220-1 "head ache "in, 253-4 indigestion in. See Indigestion interior of, description of, 83-4 means of fighting microbes in an unhealthy, 458 of Alexis St. Martin, A.) ; of dog and rabbit, 17 overworking of the, 199-204, 457 ; diagram, 199 treatment after, 201-5 pepsin, absorption of, 28 poisoned by food, treatment of. 203-4 reflex action from irritation of vagus, 253 washing out the, 201, 208, 458 Stomach cough, cause and treatment, 464 Stools, character of, in cholera, 263 Straining at stool, 302 Stramonium, a substitute for tobacco, 168 Strathpeffer waters, 424 Strawberries, abdominal pain caused by, 252 Strieker, Prof., on chloral effects, 158 Stricture of bowel, diet in, 247-8 Strophanthus, 6 Strychnine, for the stomach, 458 ; in heart disease, 465 ; value of, in operations, 313 Stutzer, 192 n. Suction and pressure, in removing gas from the intestine, 213 Sugar : effect on growth of microbes, 53-4 fermentation products in bread, 186-7 in blood : causes of excess of (see also Diabetes, causes), 13, 50 Sugar : in blood : destruction of, 9, 21, 30-5, 42, 46-7, 58-9 ; of different sugars, 33 ; causes of diminished de- struction (see Diabetes, causes) ; decomposition products, 32 formation of: from glycogen, in the liver (see Liver) ; in the muscles, 8-9, 21, 29; nature of, 17 origin from food, 13-16 — percentage producing glyco- suria, 13, 51 transformation into glycogen : in the liver. See Liver, glycogenetic function in the muscles and }roung cells, 18-19 in urine. See Glycosuria Sugars : as laxatives, 227-8 chemical formulas, 13-14 n. classification of, and properties, 13- Un. Sulphuretted hydrogen : absorption by intestines, 334-5 ; effect of carminatives on, 217- 25 ; elimination of, 224 Sun bath, 110 Sutton, B.,on operation for perforated typhoid ulcer, 319 Suture, method of, in operation for perforated typhoid ulcer, 316 Supra-renal capsules, administration of, 331 Sweat glands, protective function of, 89 _ Sympathetic system, diabetes caused by injury to cervical sympa- thetic, 28 ; to cervical ganglia, 23, 28 ; by section of fibres to vertebral artery, 22 ; of gangliated cord, 24 Syphilitic disease of liver, simulating cancer, 326 Syrup, as a laxative, 228 Tannic acid in coca leaves, 182 Tannin, in debility of the stomach, 209 ; in intestinal complaints, 460 in tea, effect of, 172, 173 Tapeworm, diabetes due to, 26 Tea: a substitute for alcohol in travelling, 175 492 INDEX Tea: black and green compared : as remedies in neuralgia, 175 composition, 171 effects, 172 compared with coffee, 178 ; with guaruna, 181 effects of, 172-5 ; in exertion and travel, 174-5 ; taken with food, 173-4 ingredients, 171 methods of using, 171-4 substitutes for, 176 varieties of, 171 Teeth, importance of, in digestion, 404-5, 406 Temperature : effect of sudden change on the intestines, 460 limits within which bacteria liquefy gelatine, 436 of body : effect of alcohol on, 89; in extreme cold, 90-1 ; in hot climates, 92 external temperature on, 87-9 in cholera, 275 in diabetes, 32, 36 in regard to diet, 245 range of, in warm and cold blooded animals, 87 regulation of, by the skin, 87-9 Temporal artery, condition of, in migraine, 250-1 Tennyson, extract fromthe "Princess," 93 Testicles, administration of extract, 46 Tetanus, enzyme of, 4 ; in frogs, due to caffein, 175 Thea chinensis, 171 Thebaia, in opium. 150 Theine. See Caffein Theobromine, difference between caffein and, 179 ; occurrence of, 179, 180 Thierfelder, on acute atrophy of the liver, 345 Thin, Dr., on sprue, 243, 290, 292 Thirst, allayed by kava, 182 Thornton, Dr. Knowsley, 328 Throat, effect of tobacco on, 166-7 Thymol, effect on the ferment action of bacteria, 439 Thyroid gland, administration of extract, 6, 46 ; origin of enzymes from, 4 Tieffenbach, exp. " Acute Atrophy of the Liver," 345-61 Massage of muscles (exp.), 59 "On the Relative Digestibility of White and Brown Bread," 186- 97 Turkish baths in diabetes, 38 INDEX 493 Typhoid fever : avoidance of, in foreign travel, 174 bacilli of, formation of clumps by, 449 milk treatment, 426 use of urotropine in, 466 Tyrosine, 15 Ulcers : in mouth, in Ceylon sore mouth, 289 of intestine : directions for diet in, 247-8 in morning diarrhoea. Vacher, Dr. F. : ref. to, " Serum Sanguinis Exsicca- tum," 380 Valentine's meat juice, 183-4 Van Abbot, diabetic supplies, 38 Van Helmont, speculation on nature of life, 4 Van Hook, successful case of perfor- ated typhoid ulcer, 319 Van Swieten, on wine and gout, 137 494 INDEX Vaso-motor nerves to liver : course of, 21-2 ; diagram, 23 diabetes due to division of, 22-5; to reflex inhibition of, 25-8 ; to paralysis of, 33-4 section of nerves without increased circulation, 24-5 Vaso-motor reflexes : effect in producing diabetes, 25-8 effects of drugs on, 38-41 Vegetable poisons, relationship a- mong, 419 Vegetables, use of, in constipation, 227 Veins : effect of local irritation on, 300 obstruction of: causes of, leading to piles, 298-9 in distension of abdomen, 335 Venins : ancient practice agrees with modern theory, 1-2 injection of, 5 poisoning by viperine, 354 Verneuil on piles, 298 Vertebral artery, passage of hepatic vaso-motors along, 22-3 (rig.) Vichy waters in diabetes, 41 Villiers, M., on cholera toxins, 279 Virchow, ref. to, 2 Vision, headache due to defects of, 321-3. Vittel, waters, 425 Vohl and Eulenburg on smoking, 168 Voit on meat extracts, 184 Volatile oils : in cocoa, 179 ; in coffee, 177-8 ; in tea, 171-6; in tobacco, 165-6 Vomiting, aids to, 201 Von Wittich, on absorption of pep- sine: on ferments, 28 Vulpian, ref. to, 239 Walker, Dr. : notes of case of acute atrophy of liver, 357 ref. to paper on white stools, 295 Warm drinks, beneficial effect, after exposure to cold, 91-2 Warm water for cleansing stomach, 201 Water : effect of quantity and quality on con- stipation, 228-9 prevention of gall-stones and calculi by, 424-5 Water: use of, in habitual constipation, 429 Waxy kidney : coagulating point of urine in, 394; 'tables, 400-1 condition of urine in, 400-1 notes of case, 395, 398 Webb, Captain, cause of success in swimming across the Channel, 88 Weir Mitchell treatment, 59, 244, 431, 468 Weiski, H., on the digestibility of cellulose, 195 Weiss, on glycogen in muscles, 34 Welford bacillus, experiments on the ferment action, 435-47 Wesleyan Friendly Societies, average sickness and death-rate in, 139 West, Dr., ref. to, 279 Weston, ref. to, 118 Wheat, action of enzyme in germin- ating, 4 Whey cure of disease due to imper- fect elimination, 426 Whisky, preparation and action, 131-2 White diarrhoea. See Hill diarrhoea White stools, cause of, 288 Whiteley's exerciser, 367 Wiender, method of estimation of cellulose in bread, 194 Wiesbaden waters, 424 Wildungen waters, 425 Willett, Dr., ref. to, 328-29 Willow wood, substitute for tobacco, 168-9 Wines : cause of exhilarating effect of, 422-3 compared to spirits and ales : difference of action, 130, 134-7 local action, 125-6 as food, 134-5 composition, 125 effect on digestion, 128 ; on general nutrition, 130 ; on gout, 137 ; on nervous system, 129-30; on piles, 303; when taking chloral, Winogradoff on creatinine in urine, 65 Wooldridge, pharmacological method of studying physiology, 3 Woorara : action of (exp.), 34 glycosuria, after poisoning from,. 26-7, 33-4 INDEX 495 Yeast : Yeast plant, enzyme of, 4 ferment action in raising bread, Young, Dr., ref. to, 238 186-7 separation of alcoholic ferment, Zymogens, conversion of, into ert- 451 zymes, 3-5 THE END Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and Bungay. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Do not Acme Library Card Pocket Under Pat. "Ref. Index File." Made by LIBKABY BUREAU, Boston V'f. 