None
EKlesIop, ThonitUL £85, Wt EmeiT.ChaK K,ea8,a!S,SM> Eneelbardt, V. X., MS EIiTb and Howlttnd, 107 Eoetlsb, Thos., ma Ertcnon, JoIid, OA Brleliralii, DM QuiKuIIlet ft Eutter, SOB QoDtt, H. !•., 40a QBrriBan, P. L., S3», SSI, M I iarvln Uacblna Co., MSB UausH, r. T., WO Oav, FaullD, BSe Eadfle1(LB.A^sn,«g Balpld, Droltt, ISO, BM Eatoer, Fred'k A.,4Klt UT Barknen, Wm.. 900 Harmon, W. H.. S8B Hareig, J.. Ml Hartman, John H., SM Hartnell^ltsoa, MS. Sie^ SW Herecht ^J.T.,48S ' irlug, Carl. 1MB — he], ClemeiM^ Btt aewin,a.O.,eS0 Hewitt. Wm., SIT BlIdeDbraDd, Wm., SIS Hll1.JobD#.,n HIncox, Q. D.,H8 EoadLer, John C, W, tSB Eobart, J. J., tea HodgklnBatl, 34S BoUey, Alexaoder L., SI? Honey, F. E., 47. U Hoopes A TowDwnd, SIO Bou8ton,Edi>InJ., IWI fiuwaeD, tfauivB. lit Hove, Henrr H.. 408. 407. 4U, SU Howe, HatTerd A., ITO, 81B HowlsDd, A, H.. m Hudw>D,JatanG., 4«B Hughes, D. E^ asa HuKlies, H. W., 909 HughM, Thoa. E., BIT Humphreye. Alex. C, 65> Huaalck«r, UlUaid. aBT Hunt, Alfi«d E.. £36, 317, B92, GGS Hunt, Cboa. V., 840, BaS Huston, Charles, BSa Hution, Dr., M HufKhena, 68 Jacobua,D,8.,SlI.S Kemoc, Frot 4M Kerr, Walter C..J81 Klerated, W.. sua Kimball, J. P., 498. ess KinMdriJ.H.,esr U8T OP AtJTH0BItIK6. A. a. MB , Dr^lOM _ 9ldy. DatM, no >. H. G. Ci*™ vim 'WlUred, 8B2, SS!, SrS, M de, Q., 9SS dontlul, QuMAT, MB yd'a Beglstor, IM, aSS, 100 cdoD&id, w. R., ssa ceoTern, E. B.. MB «lar, W. K.. MS, HI .blar, U^ C38 LnnssmauD, iZm knnlng. Cbu. H., BTS, SH LrkBTwiD. D.,ne, 811 wtor Ov BufldsTB' As«oi Lttefl, W. F^ 3N ^tUwmeD, IdriS lyer, Alrred M., 4n BtarMiU, a Q,, 890, «n Blaaner, 0. A.. 8KI elTlJle,a«[>.W^<IT4 eadeniuU, T.O.,ti ersCre.F. J., m Lller, Hetcsif « Parkin, 411 Uler. T. Bpencer. Mt, B97 [onitPraaker & Co., UB, t luDitonI,E.R., 1CK» lursua,D»nlcJ,GSl heto. A. T., mt, floa, stt Han, J. E, K7,40ll Menberrr, J. 8., AM Newcomb. Stmoii, 481 Mew Jeraer 8ted A Iron OOkilB^ <U NewloD. Sir iBaao, 4^1 Micbol, B. C.,473 Nichols, 385 Nonta, K. Van A.. MI Paret, T. SunUn, MT FHttlDson. John. SaS Peclet, K.,47J. 478, JSI FeltOD Water Wheel Co., 181, [IT4, B8t Fecce, W. D.,EW Peiicovd IroQ Works. ITS, USB, 808 Pennell. Arthur, BM PeimavlTanla R. R. Co., 307, S7S, SB» Phlladelpbia Sogliiearing Worka, fiW Phil brick, P. H., 44a PhUlIpe, W. B.. BM PhcBQli BridEB Co., iGS Pbcenix Iron llto., 181, SW Plenre, C. B.. 424 Pierce, H.M., Ml PItUburg TeatlDz Labontoty, Ml Ptatt,JoV,817 Pocock, F. A-, BOB Porter, Chaa. T., 863, 787, Sl» Potter, E. 0., 6«e Pott«>hla Iron & Steel Co., X9 Fouillet. 455 Pourcel. Alezaodra, 404 PoupardiD, M., flST Powell, A.M., 975 FratI & Whltoe; Oo., SH^ tX fronr, KM pijibilp.,9n QiMrean,aH.,ai3,8Bl U3I OF AUTBOBrnsa Boo(«,P. B.£ F. ir.,Mt Kose, Joshua, 414. eeS, tOO RoUiwell,R.F., S37 RotrUnd, Frol., 4M Eoyoe, Fred. P., IMS Rudlger, E.A.,tn KiuwnJl, 8. Beni. MT Rust Hud Coalldge.SOO Sabin, A. H., 3ST SHUndern, J. L., 644 - Saunderg, W. L., BM Bclieffler,F. A., 681 Smith. EBmlltoD, Jr., BSS Bmltli, Jesse H.. lOSO Smith. J. BuoknaU, S2S, aOB Smith, OberllD, BeS, sis Smith. B. H., test Smith. Scott A., 871 Soeli, Heurv I.. BI4 Stahl, Albert W., tat Sunwoofl. J. B., 60S, BOD, 818. BtS Stead. J. fc, 409 St«arDB, Albert, MS Stein and Schvarz, 410 Slephsna. B. F.. SM StilTman, Tbra. B.,M4 Stockalper, E.. 490 Stromejer.C, E, 398 Slruthera. Joseph, IN BturteFantj. P., Oo., 487, BIS Stut, J. C. H.. 844 Stj-ffe, Kuut, SSS Suplee, H. H., MB, rS Suter. Beo. A., 034 Sneet, John E., S» Tabor, Harris, TBI Tatham & Broe.. Weaver, W. D.. 1048 Webber. Samuel, 5BI, 901 Webber, W.O.. 608 Weisbaob. Dr. JuHiis, Tariotw Weillngton. A. H.. Seo, SSS, MS West, Chas. D.. S16 Weet, Thomas D.,S29 Weetlnghouse S. Galton, UK Westinehouse El. & Utg- Ca, lOtt Wealon, Edward, lOSS Whitham. Jar U., 473, 760, TVS, SA Whitney, A. J., S89 Willett, J. R. 53B, 540 Willlamaon, Prof., 68 Wilson. Robert, m Wheeler, H. A., BC8 While, Chas. F.. 714 White, Haimsel. 406 Wobler. aJ8. iMO Yarrow, A. F.. 710 Zklmer, Boberi^ 418 t? INDEX. abb-alt Abbreviations, 1 Aubscissas, 69 A.bra8ion of manganese steel, 407 Aubrasive prooeraes, 965-967 A.baolute temperature, 461 aero, 461 A.b8orption of ga^es, 480 of water by brick, 312 refrigeratinR-machines, 984 Accelerated motion, 427 Acceleration, definition of, 423 force of, 427 work of, 430 Accumulators, electric, 1045-1048 Adiabatic compression of air, 499 curve, 742 expansion of air, 501 expansion in compressed air- engines, 501a expansion of steam, 742 AdiaDatically compressed air, mean effective pressures, table, 501b Admiralty metal, composition of, 325 Admittance of alternating cur- rents, 1063 Aiken intensifier, 619 Air, 481-527 and vapor mixture, weight of, 484 binds in pi(>es, 579 carbonic acid allowable in, 529 compressed. 498-511 (see Com- pressed air) compressors, effect of intake temperatures, 506 compressors, high altitude, table of 603 compressors, tables, 503-505 coolmg of, 531 density and pressure, 481, 482 flow of, in pipes, 485, 489 flow of, in ventilating ducts, 530 flow of through orifices, 484, 518 friction of, in underground pas- sages, 531 head of, due to temperature dif- ferences, 533 heating of, by compression, 498 horse-power required to com- press, 501 loss of pressure of in pipes, 487 ; tables, 488-490 manometer, 481 properties of, 481 pump for condenser, 841 Air, specific heat of, 458, 484 lift pmnp, 614 pyrometer, 453 thermometer, 454 velocity of, in pipes, by anemom- eter, 491 volumes, densities, and pressures (table). 481 volume transmitted in pipes, 864 weight of, 165, 481 ; table, 484 Alcohol, compressibility of, 164 Alden absorption dynamometer, 979 Algebra, 33-36 Algebraic ssanbols, 1 Alligation, 10 Alloys, 319-338 aluminum, 328 aluminum, tests of, 330 aluminum-antimony, 331 almninum-copper, 329 aluminum -copper-tin, 330 aluminum-sUicon-iron, 330 almninum-tin, 330 almninum -tungsten, 330 aluminum -zinc, 330 antimony, 336 bearing metal, 333 bismuth, 332 caution as to strength of, 329 composition of, in brass foundries, 325 composition by mixture and by analysis, 323 copper-manganese, 331 copper-tin, 319, 320 copper-tin-lead, 326 copper-tin-zinc, 322, 325 copper-zinc , 321 copper-zine-iron, 326 fusible, 333 Japanese, 326 liquation of metals in, 323 nickel, 332 variation in strength of, 323 white metal, 336 "Alloy" steels, 407-410 Alternating currents, 1061-1078 admittance, 1063 average, maximum, and effective, values, 1061 calculation of circuits, 1072 capacity, 1062 capacity of conductors, 1067 converters, 1071 delta connection, 1069 1093 1094 iJt-bal IKDBX. Alternating currents, frequency, 1061 generators for, 1070 unpedance, 1063 impedance polygons, 1064-1066 inductance, 1062 induction motor, 1072, 1077 measurement of power in poly- phase circuits^ 1069 Ohm's law apphed to, 1064 power factor, 1062 reactance, 1063 single and polyphase, 1068 skin efifect, 1063 synchronous motors, 1071, 1076 transformers, 1070 Y connection, 1069 Altitude by barometer, 483 Aluminum. 167. 317 allosrs, 319, 328 (see Alloys) alloys, tests of, 330 brass, 329 bronae, 328 bronze wire, 225 electrical conductivity of 1028 solder. 319 steel, 409 strength of. 318 wire, 225 American base-box sjrstem, 182 Ammonia-Absorption refrigerating- machine. 984, 987 ; test of, 997 Ammonia-compression refrigerating- machines, 983, 986; test of, 999 Ammonia gas. properties of, 992 • Ammonia liquid, density of, 992 specific heat of, 992 Ampere, 1024 Analyses, asbestos, 235 of boiler scale. 552 of boiler water. 553. 554 of cast iron. 371-374 of coals, 624-632 of coal, sampling for, 632 crucible steel, 411 fire-clay, 234 gas, 651 gases of combustion, 622 magnesite, 235 Analytical geometry. 69-71 Anchor forgings. strength of, 297 Anemometer, 491 Angle, economical, of framed struc- tures, 447 of repose of building material. 929 Angles, Carnegie bulb, properties of, table, 278 Carnegie steel, properties of, table. 279a Pencoyd steel, weights and sizes, 179 trigonometrical properties of, 66 plotting without protractor, 52 problems in, 37, 38 Angular velocity, 425 Aounal power 433-435 Annealing, effect on conductivity, 1029 effect on steel, 392, 412 , influence of on magnetic capaoo ity of steel. 396 non-oxidizing process of, 389 of steel, 394, 413 of steel forgings, 396 of structural steel, 394 Annuities, 15-17 Annular gearing, 898 Anthracite, classification of, 024 composition of, 624 sizes of, 632 space occupied by. 625 Anthracite-gas, 647 Anti-friction curve, 50, 939 metals » 932 Antimony, properties of, 167 in alloys. 331. 336 Apothecaries' measure and weight, 18.19 Arc, circular. 57 circular, Huyghen's approxima- tion of len^h of, 58; table, 114 circular, relations of. 58 Arc-lights, electric, 1041 Arches, corrugated. 181 flooring, 281 tie-rods for, 281 Area of circles 1-1000, table, 103* 107 of circles Jt"^^' table advane« ing by i. 108-1.12 of geometrical solids. 61-63 of geometrical plane figures « 54-60 of irregular figures. 55, 56 of sphere. 61 of sphere, table, 118 Arithmetic, 2-32 " Arithmetical progression, 11 Armature-circuit, e.m.f. of, 1056 Armature torque of, 1056 Asbestos, 235 Asphalt mn coating for iron. 387 Asses, work of. 435 Asymptotes of hyperbola, 71 Atmosphere, eqmvalent pressures of, 27 pressure of, 481 . 482 moisture in. 483 Atomic weights (table) 163 Authorities, list of, 1089 Avogadro's law of gases. 479 Avoirdupois weight, 19 Axles, railroad, effect of cold 384 steel, specifications for, 397 steel, strength of, 299 Automatic cut-off engines. 763 Babbitt metal. 336, 337 Babcock & Wilcox boilors, tests with various coals, 636 Bagasse as fuel, 643 Balances, to wei^ on inoorrsct, 19 Ball-bearings. 9^ Balls, hollow copper, 289 INDEX. ban-bol 1095 Bands and belts, theory of, 876 for carrying grain, 912d Bars, eye, tests of, 304 iron, flat, commercial sixes of. table, 170 iron, various shapes, commer- cial sizes of, 17 1 Lowmoor iron, strength of, 297 stejel, effect of nicking, 402 twisted iron, tensile strength of, 241 twisted , Gilmore's experiments on , 242 various, weights of, 169 wrought iron, compression tests of. 304 wrought iron, weight of, table. 17 1 Barometer, leveling with, 482 to find altitude by, 483 Barometric readings for various altitudes, 482 Barrels, to find volume of, 64 number of, in tanks, 126 Basic Bessemer steel, strength of. 390 Batteries, storage, 1045-1048 Baume's hydrometer, 165 ^ Basin's experiments on weirs, 587 formulc, flow of water, 563 Beams, deck, properties of Carne- gie, table, 278 formula for flexure of, 267 formulsB for transverse strength of; 268 special, coefficients for loads on, 270 steel, formube for safe loads on, 269 variou5jy_ loaded, 271 yellow pine, safe loads on, 1023, ■ 1079 Beardslee's tests on elevation of elastic limit, 238 Bearings, allowable pressure on, 935-937 ball, 940 cast-iron, 933 for steam turbines, 941 high speed, 941 oiTpressure in, 937 overheating of, 938 pivot, 939 roller, 940 steam-engine. 811-813 Bearing-metal alloys, 333 Bearing-mietals, anti-friction, 932 composition of, 326 Bearing pressure on rivets, 355 Bed-plates of steam-«ngines, 817 Bell-metal, composition of, 325 Belt conveyors, 912d dressings. 887 Belts, arrangement of, 885 care of, 886 cement for leather or cloth, 887 centrifugal tension of, 876 endless. 886 evil of tight. 885 Belts, lacing of, 883 length of, 884 open and crossed, 874, 884 quarter twist, 883 sag of, 885 Belting, 876-887 formulae, 877 friction of, 876 horse-power of, 877-880 notes on , 882 practice, 877 rubber, 887 strength of, 302, 886 tables, 877.878 Taylor's rules, 880-882 theory of, 876 width for given H.P., 879 Bending curvature of wire rope, 921 Bends, effects of on flow of water in pipes, 578 in pipes, 488, 672; table, 199 Bent lever, 436 Bessemer converter, temperature determinations in, 452 steel {see Steel, Bessemer) Bessemerized cast iron, 375 Bevel wheels, 898 Billets, steel, specifications for, 401 Bins, coal-storage, 91£a Binomial, any power of, 33 theorem, 36 Birmingham gau^, 28 Bismuth, properties of, 167 alloys, 332 Bituminous coal (see Coals) Blast-fumaces, consumption of charcoal in, 641 steam-boilers for, 689 temperature determinations in, 452 Blocks or pulleys, 438 efficiency of, table. 907 strength of, 906 Blooms, steel, weight of, table, 176 Blow, force of, 430 Blowers, 511-526 and fans, comparative efliciency, 516 blast -pipe diameters for, 520 capacity of, 517. 1081 experiments with. 514 for cupolas, 519. 950 pressure, 950 rotary, table of, 526 steam -jet. 527 velocity due to pressure, 514 Blowing-engines, dimensions of, 526 Blue heat, effect on steel, 395 Board measure. 20 Bodies, falling, laws of, 424 Boiler compounds. 717 explosions, 720 feed-pumps. 605. 726 furnaces, height c*, 711 furnaces, use of steam in, 650 1096 bol-cal IKDEX. Boiler heads, 706 heads, strength of, 284, 286 heads, wrought-iron, 285 heating-surface for steam heat- ing. 538 scale, analyses of. 552 tubes, area of ^ table, 197 tubes, dimensions of, table, 196 tubes, expanded, holding power of. 307 Boilers, horse-iK)wer, 677 for steam heating, 538 incrustation of, 550 locomotive, 855 marine, 1015 plate, strength of, at high tem- peratures. 383 steam, 677-731 (see Steam-boiler) Boiling, resistance to, 463 Boiling-point of water, 650 Boiling-points of substances, 455 Bolts and nuts. 209, 211 effect of initial strain in, 292 holding pK)wer of in white pine, 290, 291 square-head, table of weights of, 210 strength of, table, 292 taper, 972 track, weight of, 210 variation in sise of iron for, 206 Bomb calorimeter, 634 Braces, diagonal, with tie, stresses in. 442 Brackets, cast-iron, strength of, 252 Brake, Prony, 978 Brass, composition of rolled, 203 alloys, 325 plates and bars, weight of, table, 202, 203 tube, seamless, table, 198-200 wire, weight of, table, 202 Brazing of aluminum bronze, 328 metal, composition of. 325 solder, composition of, 325 Brick, absorption of water by, 312 for floors. 281 kiln, temperatures in. 452 specific gravity of. 165 strength of. 302. 312 weight of, 165, 312 Bricks, fire, number required for various circles, table. 234 fire, sizes and shapes of, 233 Bricks magnesia, 235 Brickwork, measure of, 169 weight of, 169 Bridge iron, durabilitv of, 385 links, steel, strength of. 298 members, strains in. 262-264 Memphis, proportions of mate- rial. 381 Memphis, tests of steel in. 393 trusses, 442 Brine, boiling of, 463 properties of, 464, 994 Briquettes, coal, 632 British thermal unit (B.T.U.), 456, 660 Britannia metal, composition of, 336 Bronze, aluminum, strength of, 328 ancient, composition of, 323 deoxidized, composition of, 327 Gurley's. composition of, 325 manganese. 331 phosphor. 327 strength of, 300, 319, 321 Tobin, 325, 326 Buck-shot, sizes and weights of- 204 Buildings, construction of, 1019- 1023 fire-proof. 1020 heatmg and ventilation of. 534 transmission of heat through walls of. 478 walls of, 1019 Building-laws, New York City, 1019-1021 on columns. New York, 252 1019 on columns, Boston, 252 on columns, Chicago 252. 2.55 on structural materials. Chicago 381 Building-materials, angle of repos^ of. 929 coefficients of friction of, 929 sizes and weights. omum)!!! 1097 Cam, 438 Canals, irrigation, 564 speed of vessels on, 1008 CancUe-power of electric lightn, 1042 of gas lights, 054 Canvas, strength of, 302 Cap-screws, table of standard, 208 Capacity, electrical, 1062 electrical, of conductors, 1067 Car-heating by steam, 538 Car-joumalB. friction of, 937 Cars, steel plate for, 401 Car-wheels, cast iron for, 375 Carbon, burning out of steel, 402 effect of, on strength of steel, 380 gas, 646 Carbonic acid allowable in air, 520 Carnegie steel sections, properties or 27 2-280 steel sections, weights and sixes, 177, 178 Carriages, resistance of, on roads, 435 Carriers, bucket, 912a Casks, volume of, 64 Cast copper, strength of, 300, 310 Cast iron, 365-376 analyses of, 371-374 bad, 375 bearings, 033 Bessemerized, 375 chemistry of, 370-374 columns, eccentric loading of, 254 columns, strength of, 25(>-253 columns, tests of, 250, 251 columns, weight of, table, 185 compressive strength of, 245 corrosion of, 386 durability of, 385 influence of phosphorus, sulphur, etc., 365-368, 370 malleable, 375 mixture of, with steel, 375 pi^, 185-190 (flee Pipe, cast- iron) _ pipe-fittings, sizes and weights, 187 relation of chemical composition to fracture, 370 shrinkage of, 368 specific gravity of, 374 specifications for, 374 strength of, 296, 370-374 strength in relation to silicon and cross-section. 369 tests of, 369 variation of density and tenac- ity, .'?74 Castings, iron, analyses of , 373 iron, strength of, 297 malleable, rules for use of, 376 shrinkage of, 951 steel, 405 steel, specifications for, 397, 406 steel, strength of, 299 weight of, from pattern, 952 Catenary, to plot, 51, 52 Cement as a preservative coating, 387 Cement for leather belts, 887 mortar, strength of, 313 Portland, strength of, 302 specific gravity of, 166 weight of. 166. 170 Center of gravity, 418 of gravity of regular figures, 410 of gyration, 420 of oscillation, 421 of percussion, 422 Centigrade thermometer scale, 448 -Fahrenheit conversion table, 440 Centrifugal discharge elevators, 912a fans (see Fans, centrifuged) force, 423 force in fly-wheels, 820 pumps, 607-609 («c« Pumps, centrifugal) tension of oelts, 876 C.G.S. system of measurement, 1024 Chains, crane, sizes, weights, and properties, 232 link-belting, 012& monobar, 912& pin. Chimneys, steel, 740 steel, fciundations for, 741 taU brick, 737 velocity of air in, 733 weak, 739 Chord of circle, 58 Chords of trusses, strains in, 445 Chrome steel, 409 Circle, 57-69 area of , 57 area of, 1-1000, table, 103-107 area of, i^-lOO, advancing by i, table, 108-112 equations of , 70 length of arc of, 57 length of arc of, Huygfaen's ap- proximation, 5iB lengtH of chord of, 58 problems, 39, 40 properties of, 57 relations of arc, chord, etc., of, 58 relations 'of, to equal, inscribed, and circumscribed square, 59 ^ sectors and segments of, 59 Circuits^ electric, e.m.f. in, 1030 electric, )>ol3rphase. 1068 (see Altematmg currents) electric, power of, 1031 Circuit, magnetic, 1051 Circular arcs, length.s of, 57 arcs, lengths of, tables, 114, 115 functions, calculus, 78 inch, 18 measure, 20 mil, 18 mil wire gauge, 30 mil wire gauge, table, 29 pHch, 888 ring, 59 segments, table of areas of, 116 Circumferences of circles, 1-1000, table. 103-107 of circles, ^x-100, table, advanc- ing by i, 108-112 of circles, 1 inch to 33 feet, table, 113 Cisterns, capacities of, 121, 126 Classification of iron and steel, 364 Clay, cubic feet per ton, 170 fire, analy&is of Mt. Savage, 233 Clearance in steam-engines, 751,792 Coal, analyses of, 624-632 anthracite, sices of, 632 bituminous J classification of, 623 calorimetenc tests of, 636 classification of, 623-624 conveyors, 912a cost of, for steam power, 789 DuLong's formula for heating, value of, 633 evaiporative power of, 636 foreign, analysis of, 631 furnaces for different, 635 beating value of, 633, 634. handling machinery, 912-912^2 hoisting by rope, 343 products of distillation.of , 639. 651 relative value of, 633-637 Coal, sampling of, for anal3r8i8, 632 semi-bitummous, composition of, 625, 626 Space occupied by anthracite, 625 storage bins. 912a V9. ool-eoB 1099 Gblumna, wrought-iron, built, 257 'vrroufcht-iron, Merriman's table of, 260 wrought-iron, tests of, 305 wrouKht-iron, ultimate strength of, table. 255 Combination, 10 Combined streflses. 282. 283 CombuHtion, analyses of gaaes of, 622 heat of, 456, 621 of fuels, 621 of gases , rise of temperature in , 623 rate of, due to chimneys, 732 theory of, 620 Composition of forces, 415 Compound engines, 761-768 («« Steam-engmes, compound) interest, 14 locomotives, 862, 863 numbers, 5 proportion, 6 shapes, steel, 248 units of weights and measures, 27 Compressed-air, 488, 498-511 adiabatic and isothermal com- pression, 499 adiabatic expansion and com- pression, tables, 502 compound compression, 5016 cranes, 912 diagrams, 501ft drills driven by, 606 engines, adiabatic expansion in, 501a engines, efficiency, 606 for motors, effect of heating, 507 flow of, in pii>e8, 489 formulsB, 501 heating of. 498 hoisting engines, 5066 horse-power required to compress air. 500 losses due to heating, 600 loss of energy in, 498 machines, air required to run, 505a mean effect ive pressures of adiabatically compressed air, table, 5016 mean effective pressures, com- pound compression, table, 501b mean effective pressures, tables, 502, 503 mine pumps, 611 motors, 507 Popp system, 507 practical applications of, 6056 pumping with. 505a reheating of, 606 shop operation by. 509 tramways. 510, 511 transmission, 488 _ transmission, efficiencies of, 508 volumes, mean pressures per stroke, etc., table, 499 work of adiabatic compression, 601 Compressed steel, 410 ^ Compression, adiabatic, formulse for. 501 adiabatic, tables. 502 and flexure combined, 282 and shear combined, 282 and torsion combined, 283 in steam -ensrines, 751 members in structures, unit strains in, 380 Compressive strength. 244-246 strengths of woods, 311 strength of iron bars, 304 tests, specimens for, 245 Compressors, air, 503-505 air, effect of intake temperature, 506 Condensers, 839-846 air-pump for, 841 circulating pump for, 843 continuous use of cooling water in. 844 cooling towers for, 844 cooling water required, 841 ejector, 840 evaporative surface, 844 increase of power due to, 846 jet, 839 surface, 840 tubes and tube plates of, 840, 841 tubes, heat transmission in, 472 Conduction of heat, 468 of heat, external, 469 of heat, internal, 468 Conductivity, electric, of steel, 403 electrical, of metals, 1028 Conductors, electrical, heating of, 1031 electrical, in series or parallel, resistance of, 1030 Conduit, water, eflliciency of, 589 Cone, measures of, 61 pulleys. Cooling of air for ventilation, 531 towers for condensers, 844 Co-ordinate axes, 69 Copper, 167 ball pyrometer, 451 cast, strength of. 300, 319 drawn, strength of, 300 balls, hollow, 289 manganese alloys, 331 nickel alloy, 332 plates, strength of, 300 plates, weight of, table, 202 romid bolt, weight of, table, 203 strength of, at high temperatures, 309 tin alloys, 320 tin alloys, properties and compo- sition of, 319 tin-aluminum alloys, 330 tin-zinc alloys, properties and composition, 322, 323 tubing, weight of, table, 200 weight required in different sys- tems of transmission, 1075^ wire, table of dimensions, weight, and resistance of. 202, 218- .220, 1034 wire, cost of, for long-distance. transmission, 1036, 1040 sine alloys, strength of, 323 zmc alloys, table of composition. and properties, 321 zinc-iron allo3^s, 326 Cordage, technical terms relating to, 341 weight of, table, 906 Cork, properties of, 316 Com, weight of, 170 Corrosion of iron, 386 of steam-boilers, 386, 552, 716- 721 Corrosive agents in atmosphere 386 Corrugated arches, 181 furnaces, 266, 702, 709 iron, sizes and weights, 181 plates, properties of Carnegie steel, table, 274 Cosecant of an angle, 65; table, 159- 162 Cosine of an angle, 65; table, 159- 162 Cost of coal for steam-power, 789 of steam-power, 790 Cotangent of an angle, 65; table, 159-162 Cotton ropes, strength of, 301 Couloumb, 1024 Counterbalancing of hoisting-en- gines, 909 of locomotives, 864 of steam-engines, 788 Coimterpoise system of hoisting, 910 Couples, 418 Coverings for steam-pipe, tests of, 470, 471 Cbversine of angles, table, 159- 162 Cox's formula for loss of head 575 Crane chains, 232 Cranes, 911 classification of, 911 compressed air, 912 electric, 912 jib, 912 , stresses in, 440 travelling, 912 guyed, stresses m, 441 simple, stresses in, 440 Cranks, steam-engine, 805 Crank angles, steam-engine, table, 830 pins, steam-engine, 801-804 pins, steel, specifications for, 401 shafts, steam-engine, 813-815 shaft, steam-engine, torsion and flexure of, 814 Cross-head guides, 798 pin, 804 Crucible steel, 410-414 (see Steel, cnicible) Crushing strength of masonry mate- rials, 312 Cubature, 75 Cubes of numbers, table, 86-101 of decimals, table, 101 Cube root, 8 roots, table of, 86-101 Cubic feet per gallon, table, 122 measure, 18 Cupola practice, 946-950 result of increased driving, 949 Cupolas, blast-pipes in. Cylinder condensation in steam- engines, 752, 753 Cylinder, measures of, 61 Cylinders, hollow, limit of thickness, 288 hollow, resistance of, to collapse, 264-266 hollow, under tension, 287, 289 hydraulic, thickness of, 617 hydraulic press, tiucknesa of, 288 locomotive, 854 steam-engine (see Steam-engines) table of capacities of, 120 INDEX. cyl-ola 1101 Cylindrica] ring, 62 Cylindrical tankii, capacities of , table, 121 Dalton's law of gaseous pressures, 480 Dam, stability of, 417 D'Arcy's formula, flow of water, 563 formula, table from, of flow of water in pipes, 569-572 Decimals, 3 squares and cubes of, 101 Decunal equivalents of fractions, 3 equivalents of feet and inches, 112 gauge. 32 Deck-beams, weights and sizes, 177 prop>crties of Carnegie steel, 278 Delta connection for alternating currents, 1069 metal, 225, 326 Denominate numbers, 5 Deoxidized bronze, 327 Derrick, stresses in, 441 Diagonals, formulae for strains in, 444 Diametral pitch, 888 Differential gearing, 898 calculus, 72-79 of algebraic function, 72 of exponential function, 77 partial, 73 coefficient, 73 ; sign of , 76 second, third, etc, 75 pulley, 439 screw, 439; eflficiency of, 974 windlass, 439 Differentiation, formulae for, 73 Discount, 13 Disk fans (see Fans, disk) Displacement of ships, 1001, 1008 Distillation of coal, 639 Distiller for marine work, 847 Domes on steam-boilers, 711 Draught power of chimneys, 732 theory of chimneys, 731 Drawing-press, blanks for, 973 Dredge, centrifugal pump as a, 609 Dressings, belt, 887 Drift bolts, resistance of, in timber, 290 Drill gauge, table, 29 press, horse-power required by, 963 Drills, rock, air required for, 505o rock, requirements of air-driven, 506 twist, speed of, 957 tap, 970, 971 ; sizes of, 208 Drilling holes, speed of, 956 machines, electric, 956 Drop in electric circuits, 1029-1031 press, pressures attainable by, 973 Drums for hoisting-ropes, 917 Dry measure, 18 Drying and evaporation, 462-467 in .a vacuum , 466 Ducts, cold-air, for steam-heating, 539 Ductility of metals, table, 169 Dulong's formula for heating value ofcoal, 633 law of convection, table of factors for, 477 law of radiation, table of factors for, 476 Durability of iron, 385, 386 Durand'g rule for areas, 56 Dust, explosions, 642 fuel, 642 Duty, measure of, 27 of pumping-engine, 610 trials of pumping-engines, 609- 612 Dynamo-electric machines, 1055- 1060 machines, classification of, 1055 machines, design of, 1058- 1060 machines, e.m.f. Elastic-limit of wire rope, 917 relation of to endurance, 238 Wdhler's experiments on, 238 £3astic resilience, 270 resistance to torsion, 282 Elasticity, coefficient of, 237 modulus of, 237 moduli of, of various materials. 314 Electrical conductivity of steel, 403 Electrical engineering, 1024-1077 alternating currents, 1061-1077 direct currents, 1024-1060 Electrical horse-power, 1031: table, 1039 machines, tables of, 1074-1077 resistance, 1027-1032 - EO^mbols, 1078 Electricity, standards of measure- ment, 1024 systems of distribution, 1041 units used in, 1024 Electric cireuits (see Circuits, elec- tric) currents, alternating, 1061-1078 (see Alternating currents) currents, direct, 1024-1060 current, direction of, 1054 currents, heating due to, 1031 current required to fuse wires, 1032 currents, short cirouiting of, 1036 heaters, 546. 1044 light stations, economy of en- gines in, 785 lighting, 1041-1043 motors, alternating current, 1071, 1077 motors, direct current, 1055, 1074 -1076 railways, 1041 storage-batteries, 1045-1048 transmission, 1033-1041 (see Transmission, electric) wires («ee Wires, electric) welding, 1046 Electro-chemical equivalents, 1049 Electro-magnets, 1050-1054 polarity of, 1054 strength of, 1053 winding for, 1053 Electro-magnetic measiurements, 1050 Electrolysis, 1048 Elements, chemical, table, 163 of machines. 435-440 Elevators, coal, 912a Ellipse, construction of, 46, 47 equations of, 70 measures of, 59, 60 Ellipsoid, 63 Elon^tion, measurement of, 243 E.M.F. of electric circuits, 1030 of armature circuit, 1056 Emery, grades of, 968 wheels, speed and selection of, 967 Emery-wheels strains in, 969 Endless rope system of haulage, 914 screw 440 Endurance of materials, relation of to elastic limit; 238 Energy, conservation of, 432 definition of, 429 measure of. 429 of rec< il of guns, 431 sources of, 432 Engines, blowmg, 526 compressed air, efficiency of, 506 fire, capacities of, 580 gas, 847-850 (see Gas-engines) gasoline, 850 hoisting, 908 hot-air, 850 hydraulic, 619 marine, 1017-1019 marine, steam and exhaust open- ings, sizes of , 674 marine, steam-pipes for, 674, 1016 naphtha, 850 petroleum, 850 petroleum, tests of, 851 pumping, 609-612 (see Pumping- engines) steam, 742-847 (see Steam-en- gines) winding, 909 Engine-plane, wire-rope haulage, 913 Epicycloid, 50 Equation of payments, 14 of pipes, 491 Equations, algebraic, 34, 35 of cirele, 70 of ellipse, 70 of hyperbola, 71 of parabola, 70 quadratic, 35 referred to co-ordinate axes, 69 Equilibrium of forces, 418 Equivalent orifice, mine ventilation, 533 Equivalents, electro-chemical, 1049 Erosion of soils, 565 Ether, compressibility of, 164 Evaporation, 462-467 by exhaust steam, 465 by multiple system, 463 factors of, 6956-699 in salt manufacture, 463 of sugar solutions, 465 of water from reservoirs and channels, 463 latent heat of, 462 total heat of, 462 unit of, 677 Evaporator, for marine work, 847, 1016 Evolution, 7 Exhaust -steam, evaporation by, 465 for heating, 780 INDEX. exh-flo 1103 chauster, steam- jet, 527 cpansion, adiabatic, formulsB for, 501 ; tables, 502 by heat, 459 coefficients of, 460 of iron and steel, 385 of liauids, 461 of solids by heat, 460 of steam, 742 of steam, actual ratios of, 750 of timber, 311 of water, 547 Kplosions, dust, 642 xplosive energy of steam-boilers, 720 xponents, theory of, 36 xponential function, differential of, 77 ye bars, t^sts of, 304 actors of evaporation. 695&-699 actor of safety, 314 in steam-boilers, 700 'ahrenheit-Centigrade conversion table, 449 'ailures of stand-pipes, 294 of steel, 403 'airbaim's exi>eriments on riveted joints, 354 i'alling bodies, graphic representa- tion, 425 bodies, laws of, 424 ♦'ans and blowers, 511-526 capacity of, 517, 1083 comparative efficiencies, 516 Fans, best proportions of, 512 centrifugal, 511, 518-523 disk, 524-526 efficiency of, 520, 533 experiments on, 515, 516, 522 for cupolas and forges, 519 influence of speed of, 523 influence of spiral casings on, 523 pressure due to velocity of, 513 quantity of air delivered by, 514 Farad, definition and value of, 1024 Feed-pump (see PumjJs) Feed water, cold, strains caused by, 727 water heaters, 727, 1083 water heaters, marine practice, 1016 water, saving due to heating, 727 water, purification of, 554 Feed- wire, stranded, table of sizes and weights, 222 Fibre-graphite lubricant, 545 Fifth roots and powers of numbers, ; 102 Fineness, coefficient of, 1002 Finishing temperature, effect of in steel rolling, 392 Fink roof -truss, 446 Fire, temperature of, 622 Fire-brick arches in locomotives, 857 Fire-brick, number required for ^ various circles, table, 234 sizes and shapes of, 233 weight of, 233 Fire-cay, analysis of Mt. Flow of wffcter, experiments on, 566- I 573 of water, fall per mile and dope, table, 558 , ^ , ^.,0 of water, Flynn's ^onn"!*' 5°L^ of water, formuuB for, 557-604, of water in pipes, 657 of water in pipes at imiform velocity, table, 572 ^ of water m cast-iron pipe, 56o of water in house-service pipes, table, 578 of water in 20" pipe, 666 of water in pipes, table from D'Arcy's formula, 569-572 of water in pipes, tables from Kutter's formula, 568, 669 of water, Kutter's formula, 659 of water, Molesworth's formula, 562 of water, old formuke for, 564 of water over weirs, 555, 586 of water, Vr for pipes and con- duits, table, 559 of water through orifices, &00, 584 Flowing watter, horse-power of , 589 water, measurement of, 582 Flues, collapsing pressure o^ 265 corrugated, British rules, 266, 70J corrugated, U. S. rules, 709 {see also Tubes and Boilers) Flywheels, steam -engme, 817-824 (see Steam-engines) Foaming or priming of steam- boifers. 552, 718. , Foot and inches, decunal eqmva- lents of, table, 112 Foot-pound, unit of work, 428 Force, centrifugal, 423 definitions of , 415 expression of , 429 ^ - .-- graphic representation 01, 4io moment of ,416 of acceleration, 427 of a blow, 430 of wind, 492 units of, 415^ , t aik Forces, composition or, 4lo equilibrium of, 418 parcel, 417 parallelogram of, 416 parallelopipedon of, 416 polygon of, 416 resolution of , 415 Forced draught m steam-boilers, 714. ^-,_ draught, marine practice, 1015 Forcing and shrinking fits, 973 Forges, fans for, 519 Forging, heating of steel for, 414 hydraulic, 618, 620 of tool steel, 413 Forgings, strength of, 297 steel, annealing of, 396 Foundry ironj analyses of, 371-374 irons, chemistry of, 370 Foundry irons, grades of. 372 ladles, dimensions of, 953 practice, 946-953 practice, moulding-sand, 952 practice, shrinkage of eastinpit 951 practice, use of softeners, 950 Fractions, 2 product of, in decimals. 4 Frames, steam-engine, 817 Framed structures, stresses in. 440- 447 Framing, for bulkheads, table, 287 for tanks, 287 Francis's formulae for weirs, 586 Freezing-point of water, 550 French measures and weights, 21-26 thermal unit, 455 Frequency of alternating corrents, 1061 Friction and lubrication, 928-945 brakes, capacity of. 980 coefficient of, definition. 928 coefficient of, tables, 929, 930 fluid, laws of, 929 S faring. of steam-engines, 941 of steel tires on rails, 928 rolling, 928, 929 unlubricated, law of, 928 work of, 938 rollers, 940 Frictional heads, flow of water, 577 Frustum, of pyramid, 61 of cone, 61 of parabolic conoid, 64 of spheroid , 63 of spindle, 63 Fuel, 620-651 bagasse, 643 charcoal, 640-642 (see CharcoaD coke, 637-639 (see Coke) combustion of, 620 dust, 642 economizers, 715 for cupolas, 948 gas, 646, 1082 (see Gas) gas for small furnaces, 651 eat of combustion of, 621 peat, 643 petroleum, 645 pressed, 632 sawdust, 643 straw, 643 solid, classification of, 623 IKDfiX. fae-flr«o 1105 *uel. wet tan-bark, 643 theory of combustion of, 620 turf. 643 'weisl^t of, 170 wood, 639. 640 runotions, trif^nometrical, of half an angle. 67 of Biun and difference of angles. 66 ot twice an angle, 67 tables of. 159-162 Ei'umaces, blast, temperature deter- minations in, 452 corrugated, 266, 709 down draught, 635, 712 for di£Ferent coals, 635 ^as-fuel for, 651 industrial, temperatures in, 451 <^>en-hearth, temperature deter- minations in, 452 steam-boiler, formuhe for, 702 steam-boiler (see Boiler-furnaces) Fusible alloys, 333 , plugs in boilers. 710 Fusibility of metals, 167 Fusing-disk, 966 Fusing temperatures of substances, 455 Fusion, latent heat of, 461 of electric wires, 1032 ff, value of, 424 Gallons per cubic foot, table, 122 Galvanic action, corrosion by, 386 Galvanized wire rope, 228 Gas, ammonia, 992, 993 analyses by volume and weight, 651 anthracite, 647 bituminous, 647 carbon, 646 coal, 651 fired steam-boilers, 7 14 flow of in pipes, 657-659 (see Flow of gas) fuel, 646-651, 1082 fuel, cost of, 651 fuel for small furnaces, 651 iUiuninating, 651-659 (eee Illu- minating-gas) natural, 649 producer, 649 producer, combustion of, 650 producer, from ton of coal, 649 sulphur-dioxide, 092 water, 648, 652-657 (we Water- Sas) vapor mixtures, laws of, 480 Gas-engines, 847-850 combustion of gas in Otto, 849 efBciency of, 848 pressures developed in, 849 temperatures developed in, 849 tests of, 848 use of carbtiretted air in, 849 Gas-pipe, cast-iron, weight of, table, 188 Gas-producers, use of steam in, 6fi0 Gases, absorption of, 480 Avogadro's law of, 479 combustion of, rise of tempera* ture in, 623 densities of, 479 expansion of , 479 expansion of by heat, table, 459 flow of, 480 heat of combustion of, 456 law of Charles, 479 Mariotte's law of, 479 of combustion, analsrses of, 622 physical properties of, 479 i¥>ecifie heats of, 458 weight and specific gravity of, table, 165 waste, use of, under boilers, 689, 690 Gasoline-engines, 850 Gauges, limit, for screw threads, 206 limit, for screw threads, table, 206 Gauge, wire, 28-30 sheet metal, 28, 30-32 Stub's wire, 29 decimal, 32 Gauss, definition and value of, 1052 Gear, reversing, 816 worm, 440 wheels, calculation of speed of, 891 wheels, formulee for dimensions of, 890 wheels, milling cutters for, 892 wheels, proportions of. German silver, 300. 332 silver, conductivity of, 1028 Gilbert, definition and value of, 1050 Girders, allowed stresses in plate uid lattice, 264 buildhig. New York building laws, 1020 iron-plate, strength of, 297 steam-boiler, rules for, 703 Warren, stresses in, 445 Glass, edcylight, sizes and weights, 184 strength of, 308 Sroperties of, 167 d -melting, temperature deter- minations, 452 Gold-ore, cubic feet per ton, 170 Gordon's formula for columns, 247 Governors, steam-engine, 836-839 Grade line, hydraulic, 578 Grain elevators, 912d weight of, 170 Granite, stren^h of, 302, 312 Graphite, lubricant, 945 paint, 387 Grate surface in locomotives, 856 surface of a steam-boiler, 680 Gravel, cubic feet per ton, 170 Gravity, acceleration due to, 424 center of, 418 discharge elevators, 912a specific, 163-165 (see Specific gravity) Greatest common measure or divi- sor, 2 Greek letters, 1 Green's fuel economizer, 715 ^ Greenhouses, hot-water, heating of, 542 steam-heating of, 541 Grinder, horse-power required to run, 963 Grindstones, speed of, 968, 969 strains in, 968 varieties of, 970 Gurley's bronze, composition of, 325 Gun-bronze, variation in strength of, 321 Guns, energy of recoil of, 431 formula for thickness of, 288 Gun-metal (bronze), composition of, 325 Guy-ropes for stand-pipes, 293^ Guy-wires, table of sizes, weights, and strength of, 223 Gyration, center of, 420 table of radii of, 421 radius of, 247, 249 Hammering, effect of, on steel, 412 Hardening of steel, 393, 414 Hardness of copper-tin alloys, 320 of water, 553 Haulage, wire-rope, 912d-916 wire-rope, endless rope system, 914 wire-rope, engine-plane, 913 wire-rope, inclined plane, 913 Haulage , wire-rope , iail-ropB oystonii 913 wire-rope, tramway, 914 Hauling capacity of locomotives. 853 Hawley down-draught furnace, 712 Hawsers, flexible steel wire, 223 Hawser, hemp, weight of. 223 manila, weight of, 223 steel, weight of. 223 steel, table of sizes and proper- ties, 229 table of comparative strength of steel, hemp, manila, and chain, 230 Head, frictional, in cast-iron pipe, table, 577 loss of, 573-579 (see Loss of head) of air, due to temperature differ- ences, 533 of water, 557 of water, comparison of, with various units, 548 of water, value in pounds per square inch, table, 189, 190 Heads of boilers^ 706 of^ boilers, unbraced wrought- iron, strength of, 285 Heat, 448-480 conducting power of metals, 469 conduction of, 468 convection of, 469 effect of, on grain of steel, 412 expansion due to, 459^ generated by eoeotric current, 1031 latent, 461 (see Latent heat) loss by convection, 476 mechanical equivalent of, 456 of combustion, 456 of combustion of fuels, 621 quantitative measurement of, 455 radiating power of substances, 468 radiation of, 467 radiation of various substances, 475 reflecting power of substances, 468 resistance of metals, 468 specific, 457-459 (see Specific heat) steam, storing of, 789 transmission of, from steam to water, 472, 473 transmission of, in condenser tubes, 473 transmission of, through building walls, etc., 478, 534 transmission of, through plates, 471-475 transmission power of various substances, 478 treatment of crucible steel, 411 unit of, 455, 660 imits per pound of water, 548 Heaters, electric, 1044 feed-water, 727, 1083 IKDEX. hea-hyd 1107 Heating and Ventilation, 528-546 blower system, 545, 1081 boiler-heating surface, 538 computation of radiating surface, 536 heating value of radiators, 534 heating surface, indirect, 537 hot-water heating, 542-544 (see Hot-water heatmg) overhead steam-pipes, 537 stmun-heating, 534-541 (we Steam-heating) transmission ox heat through building walls, 534 Heating a building to 70**, 545 by electricity, 546, 1044 by exhaust steam, 780 of electrical conductors, 1031 of greenhouses, 541, 542 of large buUdin^, 534 of steel for forgmg, 413 of tool steel, 412 surface of steam-bolLer,678; meas- urement of, 679 value of coals. 634, 635 value of wood . 639 Height, table oi, corresponding to a given velocity, 425 Heine boiler, test of, with different coals, 688 Helical springs, capacity of, 349, 350 springs for locomotives, 353 steel springs, 347 Helix, 60 Hemp ropes, strength of, 301 rope, table of strength and weight of, 340 rope, table of strength of, 338 rope, flat, table of strength of, 339 Henry, definition and value of, 1024 Hobson's hot-blast pyrometer, 453 Hodgkinson's formula for columns, 246 Hoisting, 906-916 by hydraulic pressure, 617 coal, 343 counterpoise system 910 cranes, 911 (see Cranes) efifect of slack rope, 908 endless rope system, 910 engines, 908 engines, compressed-air, 5056 engines, counterbalancing of, 909 horse-power required for, 907 Koepe system, 910 limit of depth for, 908 loaded wagon system, 910 pneumatic, 909 rope, 340 rope, iron, or steel, dimensions, strength and properties, table, 226 ropes, stresses in, on inclined planes, 915 rope,' sizes and strength of, 343, 906 Hoisting rope, tension required to prevent slipping, 916 suspension cableways, 915 tapering ropes, 910, 916 Holding power of bolts in white pine, 291 power of expanded boiler-tubes, 307 power of la^-screws, 290 power of nails in woods, 291 power of spikes, 289 power of wood screws, 290 Hollow cylinders, resistance of, to collapse, 264-266 shafts, torsional strength of, 282 Hooks, proportions of, 907 Horse-gm, 434 Horse, work of, 434 Horse-power constants of steam- engines, 757 cost of, 590 definition of , 27, 429 electrical, 1031 electrical, table of, 1039 hours, definition of, 429 nominal, definition of, 756 of fans J 516 of flowmg water, 589 of locomotive boilers, 679 of marine boilers, 679 of a steam-boiler, 677 of a steam-boiler, builders' rating. 679 of steam-engines, 755-761 of windmills, 497 required to compress air, 500 Hose, fire, friction losses in, 580 Hot-air engines, 850 Hot-blast pyrometer, Hobson's, 453 Hot boxes, 938 water heating, 542-544 water heating, arrangement of mains, 544 water^ heating, computation of radiating surface, 543 water heatmg, indirect, 544 water heating of greenhouses, 542 water heating, rules for, 544 water heating, sizes of pipes for, 543 water heating, velocity of flow, 642 House-service pipes, flow of water in, table, 578 Howe truss, stresses in, 445 Humidity, relative, table of, 483 Hydraulics, 555-588 (see Flow of water) Hydraulic apparatus, efficiency of, 616 cylinders, thickness of, 617 engine, 619 forging, 618. 620 formufe, 557-564, 1087 grade-line, 578 machinery, friction of, 616 1108 hyd-Iro IlfDEX. Hydraulic pipe, 191 power in London, 617 press, thickness of cylinders for, 288 presses in iron works, 617 pressure, hoisting by, 617 pressure transmission, 616-620 pressure transmission, energy of, 616 pressure transmission, speed of water through pipes and valvies, 617 ram, 614, 615 riveting machines, 618 Hydrometer, 165 Hygrometer, dry and wet bulb, 483 Hyperbola, asymptotes of, 71 construction of, 49 equations of ,71 curve on indicator diagrams, 769 Hyperbolic logarithms, tables of, 156-168 Hypocycloid, 60 I beams (see Beams) Ice, properties of, 550 making machines, 981-1001 {see Refrigerating machines) manufacture, 999 melting effect, 983 lUuminating-gas, 651-659 calorific equivalents of constitu- ents, 664 coal-gas, 651 fuel value of, 656 space required for plants, 656 water-gas, 652 Impact, 431 Impedance, 1063 polyj^ons, 1064-1066 Impurities of water, 551 Incandescent lamp, 1042 Inches and fractions as decimals of a foot, table, 112 Inclined -phine, 437 motion on, 428 stresses in hoisting-ropes on, 915 plane, wire-rope haulage, 913 Incrustation and scale, 551,716 India-rubber, vulcanized, tests of, 316 Indicated horse-power, 755 Indicators, steam-engine, 764-761 {aee Steam-engines) Indicator tests of locomotives, 863 Indirect heating surface, 537 Inductance, 1062 of lines and circuits, 1066 Induction motors, 1072 Inertia, definition of, 415 moment of, 247. 419 In^ts, steel, segregation in, 404 Injector, efficiency of, 726 equation of, 726 Inoxidizable surfaces, production of, 388 Inspection of steam-boilers, 720 Insulation, Underwriters', 1033 Insulators, electrical value of, 1028 Integrals, 73 table of, 78, 79 Integration, 74 Intensifier, hydraulic, 619 Interest, 13 compound, 14 Interpolation, formula for, 1080 Involute, 52 gear-teeth, 894 gear-teeth, approximation of, 896 Involution, 6 Iridiiun, properties of. 167 Iron and steel, 167 , 364-389 and ste^ boiler-pl&te, 382 and steel, classification of, 354 and steel, effect of cold on strength of, 383 and steel in structures, fonnub for unit strains in. 379 uid steel, inoxidiaable surface for, 388 and steel, latent heat of fusion of, 459 and steel, manganefle plating of, 389 and steel, Pennsylvania Ra3- road specifications for, 378 and steel, preservative ooatings for, 387 and steel, rustless coatings for, 387 apd steel, specific heat of, 459 and steel, tensile strength at high temperatures, 382 bars (aee Bars) bridges, durability of, 385 caat, 365-376 (see Cast iron) coefficients of expansion of, 385 color of, at various tonpeo- tures, 455 copper-zinc aUoys, 326 corrosion of, 386 corrugated, sizes and weights, ISI durability of , 385, 386 flat-rolled, weight of, 172, 173 for stay-bolts, 379 for U. ^S. 403 plate, weight of, table, 174, 175 rivet, shearins resistance of. 363 rope, table of strength of. 338 rope, flat, table ox strength of. 339 shearing strength of, 306 sheets, weight of, 32, 174 silicon-aluminuni allosni, 330 tubes, collapsing pressure oif, 265 wrought, 377-379 (m* Wnn^ iron) mDEX. k'r-'loo 1109 rular figure, area of, 55, 56 lid, volume of, 64 :ation canals, 664 lermal oompresaon of air, 409 pannon of steam » 742 inese alloys, composition of, 326 sondensers, 839 ^ propulsion of ships, 1014 reaction of, 1015 , water, 579 ts, riveted. 354-363 (see Riv- eted joints) bs, contents of, 21 e, definition and value of, 1024 e's equivalent, 456 -nal-bearings, 930-939 ist-iron, 933 ' engines, 810-815 mala, coefficients of friction of, 930 ibricated, friction of, 931, 932, 934, 935, 937 dn's rule for electric transmis- sion, 1036 osene for scale in boilers, 718 's, dimensionB of, 977 >r machine tools, 976 )r shafting, sizes of, 976 oldins power of, 978 zes of, for mill-gearing, 975 etic energy, 429 g-post truss, stresses in, 442 kaidy'a tests on strength of materials, 296-303 Dts, 344 3t or nautical mile, 17 )pe system of hoisting, 910 ipp steel tires and axles, 298, 299 Iter's formula, flow of water, 559 3rmula, table from, of flow of water in pipes, 568, 569 lies, foimdry, dimensions of, 953 ^screws, holding power of, 290 ;ing of belts, 883 nps, arc, 1041 nps, incandescent electric, 1042 ife of, 1042 pecifications for, 1043 nps, Nemst, 1043 3-joint8, riveted, 358 id measure, 17 ang Lay" rope, 229 3 and lead in slide valves, 824-835 ;ent heat of ammonia, 992 leat of evaporation, 462 leat of fusion of iron and steel, 459 leats of fusion of various sub- stances, 461 the, change-gears for, 956 !utting speed of, 953 lorse-power to run, 961-963 'ules for screw-cutting gears, 955 netting taper in, 956 ;ools, fonns of, 955 Lattice girders, allowed ttresaes in, 264 Law of Charles, 479 Laws of falling bodies, 424 of motion, 415 Lead, properties of, 167 pipe, weights and siies of. Locomotives, narrow-gause, 865 oil consumption of, 943 performance of high-speed, 859a petrolemn-buming, 865 safe load on tires, 865 smoke-stacks, 856 speed of, 859a steam distribution of, 858 steam -ports, size of, 859 testing apparatus, 863 tractive power of, 663, 857 types of, 858 -v^ve travel, 859 water consumption of, 862 weight of, 857 Wootten, 855 Logarithms, 77 hyperbolic, tables of, 15&-158 tables of, 129-156 use of, 127-129 Lo^rithmic ciu*ve,71 smes, etc., 162 Logs, area of water required to store, 232 weight of, 232 Long measiire, 17 measure, French, 21 Loops of force, 1050 Loop, steam, 676 Loss of head, 573-679 of head, Cox's formula, 576 of head, in cast-iron pipe, tables, 674, 576 of head in riveted steel pipes, 574 Low strength of steel, 392 Lowmoor u*on bars, strength of, 297 Lubrication, 942-945 _ Lubricants, examination of oil, 943 measurement of durability, 942 oil, ^ecifications for, 944 qualifications of good, 942 relative value of, 942 soda mixture, 945 soUd, 946 specifications for petroleum, 943 Lumber, weight of, 232 Machines, dynamo-electric, 1055- 1060 (see Djmamo-electrio machines) ^ Machines, efficiency of, 432 elements of, 435-440 Machine screws, table of propor- tions of, 209 screws, taps for, 970 shop, 963-978 shops, horse-power required in, 965 tools, keys for, 976 tools, power required for, 960-965 tools, proportioning of, 975 tools, soda mixture for, 946 Machinery, coal-handling, 912-91 2d horse-power required to run, 964 Maclaurin's theorem, 76 Magnesia bricks, 235 Magnesium , properties of, 168 Magnetic balance, 396 Magnetic capacity of iron, effect of annealing, 396 circuit, 1051 : units of, 1050 field, stren^h of, 1057 Magneto-motive force, 1060, 1051 Magnets, electro-, 1050-1054 Magnolia metal, composition of, 334 Mahler's calorimeter, 634 Main-rods, steel, specifications for, 401 Malleable castings, rules for use <^f 376 iron, 375 iron, strength of, 376 Malleability of metals, table, 169 Man- wheel, 434 Man, work of, tables, 433 Mandrels, standard, 972 Manganese, properties of, 168 bronze, 331 copper alloyB, 331 effect of on steel, 389 effect of on cast iron, 367 plating of iron, 389 steel, 407 Manila rope, 340; weight and strength of, 304, 344 Mannesmann tubes, streDgth of, 296 Manometer, air, 481 Marble, strength of, 302 Marine Engineering, 1001-1019 (an Ships and Steam-engines) Marine boilers, 1015 engines, comparison of old and modem, 1017 engines, three-stage, triple-ex- pansion, 1017-1019 Mamotte's law of gases, 479, 742 Bfasonry, crushing strength of, 312 materials, weight and specific gravity of, 166 Mass, definition of, 427 expression of, 429 Materials, 163-235 strength of, 236-346 strength of, Kifkaldy's t^ts, 296-303 structural, stresses permissible b, 381 various, weights of, 169; table, 166 Maxima and minima, 76 without calculus, 1080 Maxwell, definition and value of, 1060 Mean effective pressures of adis- batically compressed air, 601b effective pressure of compressed air, table, 602, 503, Measurements, miner's inch, 586 Measurement of air velocity, 491 of elongation. mea-nie 1111 Measures, circular, 20 dry, 18 liquid, 18 long, 17 nautical, 17 of work, power, and duty, 27 old land. 17 shipping, 19 solid or cubic, 18 square, 18 surface, 18 time, 20 timber, 20 Measures and weights, metric sys- tem, 21-26 Mechanics, 415-447 Mechanical equivalent of heat, 456 powers, 435 stokers, 711 Mekarski compressed-air tramway, 510 Melting-points of substances, 455^ Member^, bridge, strains allowed in, 262-264 Memphis bridge, tests of steel in, 393 bridge, proportions of materials in. 381 Mensuration, 54-64 Mercurial thermometer. 448 Mercury-batb pivot, 940 Mercury, compressibility of, 164 properties of, 168 Merriman's formula for columns, 260 Mesurd and Nouel's pyrometric teler- scope, 453 Metacentre, definition of, 550 Metaline lubricant, 945 Metals, anti-friction, 932 coefficients of expansion of, 460 coefficients of friction of, 930 electrical conductivity of, 1028 flow of, 973 heat-conducting power of, 469 life of under shocks. 240 properties of, 167-169 resistance overcome in cutting of, 960 specific heats of, 453 specific gravity of, 164 weight of, 164 table of ductility, infusibility, malleability, and tenacity, 169 tenacitv of, at various tempera- tures, 382-384 Meter, Venturi, 583 Meters, water delivered through, 579 Metric conversion, tables, 23-26 measures and weights, 21, 22 screw-threads, cutting of, 956 MU, circular, 18, 29 30. 