None
Treatment. — In dealing^ with the hand, especially if the patieat be a female child, much care should be taken to preserve symmetiy and a smooth outline and to avoid scarring. As a rule the earlier the deformity can he dealt with the better and in all cases strict atiti* septic principles should be observed. Supernumerary digits attachd loosely by a pedicle should be snipped off. Extra digits of the second class, having joint attachmeot W no voluntary motion, should also be removed with antiseptic plt- cauttons. In case a supernumerary finger and the normal one are very closely connected in a common capsule it may b€ better tp 4i* CLUBFOOT AND SOME OTHER DEFORMITIES 737 vide the proximal phalanx of the supernumerary digit outside the articulation. In the third variety, in which a perfect digit articulates with a metacarpal or metatarsal of its own, it is usually advised not to in- terfere. In the fourth variety, in which the supernumerary is united throughout with another digit, it is seldom advisable to at- tempt removaL INTKA^UTERINE AMPUTATIONS AND CONSTRICTIONS AND SUPPRESSION OF INTERMEDIATE PARTS, AB- SENCE OF PARTS Cases occur with great rarity in which amputation of more or less of an extremity takes place in utero by the constricting force of bands of lymph stretched from one part of the utents to another, or from one part of the fetus to another, and the amputated part is found lying loose in utero. It is less uncommon to find the ampu- tation stump without any trace of the dissevered mem- ber, which has become disin- tegrated, the amputation hav- ing taken place very early in fetal life. In other instances grfXJves or fissures are found of greater or less depth sur- rounding a limb as though the constricting band had begun Uit failed to complete the amputation. Another group of cases has an intermediate segment of a limb suppressed, ami the distal parts or rudiments of it attached to w^hat remains of the limb. For instance, the forearm may be absent, and fingers project from the lower end of the upper arm. Again, distal parts of an extremity, as fingers or toes, hand or foot, may be absent or rudimentary, (Fig. 292,) In some of these cases of suppression and of absence of parts it may be impossible to determine whether the condition was caused by pressure, amputation, or originated in a fault in the embryo itself* Treatment, — Most cases under this heading admit of no treat- ment FlC. :2C|2. M Nl..lH!U \rAT5n\' LF.FT HAND. Index, middle amJ ring rnij^ers nidi* mcntary. Thumb and fourth finger useful. Referred by Dr, R. Bailey* WEBBED FINGERS OR TOES (SYNDACTYLISM) This is a rather common deformity* It may he a family mark occurring occasionally through hereditary influence in successive generations. Or it may occur in single instances. Some cases ar^ 738 SURGICAL DISEASES OF CHILDREN Fia 293. Abnormal align mekt of THE KiES. apparently caused by the parts being enveloped in l3rmph bands, an may show amputation of a portion of the dig^its and webbing ol the stumps. There arc varying degrees of the defonnity. Tiwr^ normal web may merely be ex- tended too far forward or may unite two or three of the phalanges, More rarely th web may be present betwe the distal and not the prox phalanges. Again, instead of a merd ctitaneous union, the dee tissues, even the metacarpal 1 metatarsal and phabng^ bones, may be fused togeihdP The malformation is apt to be symmetrica! and may invo cither hands or feet or both, is not uncommonly as& with some other deformitr* Treatment — Webbing of the toes really needs no treatment If adjacent fingers are united by union of the bones or joints should not be interfered with. If they are united only by skb fibrous tissues they should be separated. Simple division by cutting effects little, since the wound granulates at the angle and the parts gradually reunite more or less. This has sometimes been oljviatrf by perforating the web and keeping a lead or silver wire or slyld in the opening until it healed and then dividing the remainder of the web, and by other similar methods. Also by dividing the web and then turning a triangular flap of skin and subcutaneous so as to cover the angle between the fingers* and pre vein reunion (Norton). Finally there is the familiar method of Dito in which two skin flaps are cut. One is raised from the dorsal aspect of one finger and the web, and the other from the palmar a*- pect of the other finger and the web. The flaps being raisr remainder of the union is cut through, and each flap is \\i^,, around the finger to which it remains attached. Plastic methods should not be undertaken when the parts are too small and the tissoa too delicate for convenient work, but after the infant or child isoWcEiwj IRREGULAR ALIGNMENT OF DIGITS Deformity may occur in the form of irregularity in I he ment of the phalanges and their metacarpals or metatarsals, li Fig. after-treatment, 458 internal, 456 operative, 456 Adenomata in rectum, 640 Adhesions, of clitoris, 697 of labia minora, 696 preputial, 680 Aeroporotomy, 493 external, 493 extubation, 501 digital expression, 502 Marfan's method, 502 Renault's method, 502 instrumental, 502 internal, 493 intubation, 493 advantages of external opera* tion, 495 over tracheotomy, 494 after intubation, management, 500 for chronic stenosis of larynx, 504 disadvantages of, 495 for foreign bodies, 484 feeding after, 500 history of, 493 introduction of tube, 498 laryngotomy, 505 indications, 505 instruments, 505 operative procedure, 505 preliminary tracheotomy, 505 laryngotracheotomy, 506 advantages of external opera- tion, 495 after-treatment, 508 drugs, 509 nurse's duties, 508 operative procedure, 506 permanent removal of tube, 509 prolonged intubation, 504 retained tube, 504 tracheotomy, infra-isthmian or infra-glandular, 509 uses of, 493 Age, anatomic and chronologic, 56 Air passages, surgery of, 450 Amboceptor in scrum reaction for syphilis, 121 Amputations in compound fractures, 27Z 739 740 INDEX Amputations — Continued. in hip joint disease, 254 intrauterine, 737 in septicemia, 127 Amussat, operation for anorectal im- perforation, 627 Amyloid disease following suppura- tion, 242 Anatomy of childhood, 54 of external auditory canal, 371 of kidneys in infancy, 647 radiographic, 35 of rectum in infancy, 619 Anderson, method of tendon trans- planting, 173 Anemia in relation to operations, 49 Anesthesia, 41 A. C. E. mixture, 41 in cheiloplasty, 710 chloroform. 41 dangers of, 40, 41, 49 ether, 41 ethyl chloride, 41 in hare lip operations, 710 in intracranial operations, 365 intraneural, 41 local, 41 necessity in burns, 157, 159 nitrous oxide, 41 in perineal proctoplasty, 627 scopolamine, 41 semi-anesthesia, 41 in shock. 48, 50. spinal, 41 Aneurysm, cirsoid, 83 Angina, Ludwigs, 138, 478 Angioma, 83 capillary. 83 cavernous, 83 diafj^iosis, 84 plexiform, 83 prognosis, 85 treatment, 85 Ankle, tuberculosis of, 263 diagnosis, 26^^ prognosis. 264 symptoms, 263 treatment, 264 Ankles, wrak, 734 braces for. 73B Annandalc's classification, 736 Anorectal iniporforation. 623 Antisepsis, and antiseptics, 41 noce-^sity in burns, 157 Antitoxin, ^(jo in diphtheria, 137 Anus, atresia of, 620, 633, 634. 635 fissure, 644 fistula, 643 hemorrhoidal, 645 imperforate, see malformed malformed, 621, 630, 631, 633, 634, 63s absent, rectum fistulous, 631 diagnosis, 633 pathology, 631 prognosis, 633 symptoms, 633 treatment, 633 absent, rectum a blind pouch, 621 diagnosis, 625 pathology, 624 prognosis, 626 symptoms, 624 treatment, 626 abdominal operations, 629 infrapelvic operations, 627 atresia ani urethralis, 635 atresia ani vaginalis, 633 atresia ani vesicalis, 634 ending in a cul de sac, 630 syphilis of, 642 vegetations or warts about, 642. Appendicitis, 540 diagnosis, 544 etiolog\\ 540 bacteria, 541 concretions. 541 position of appendix, 542 rarity in infants, 541 operation, 551 incision, McBurney's, 551 incision simple, 552 procedure in interval cases. 552 procedure if abscess is present, 553 procedure if pus is free in ab- domen, 554 pathology, 542 catarrhal, 542 chronic, 544 gangrenous, 543 recurrent. 544 suppurative, 543 prognosis, 548 symptoms, 544 alteration of respiration. 547 constipation, 546 frequer.t micturition, 547 INDEX 741 Appendicitis — Contihucd. muscular rigidity. 546 pain. 544 pulse, 547 restlessness, 547 temperature, 547 tenderness, 546 tumor, 546 tympanites, 546 vomiting, 546 treatment. 549 after-treatment, 554 necessity of early operation in children, 550 Appendicular abscess, 545 treatment, 553 Arms, supernumerary, 735 Amsperger, dermoids of ovaries and testicles, 79 Arteritis, 535 Arthrectomy of knee for tuberculo- sis, 260 Arthritis, acute, 210 ctiolog>% 211 symptoms, 211 treatment, 211 gonorrheal, 210. 219 infective chronic secondary, 219 nontubercular, nonsyphilitic, 216 secondary, 216 osteo-arthritis, 219 rheumatoid, 219 scarlatinal, 216, 218 dislocation from, 218 traumatic, 215 tubercular, of hip, 237 typhoid, 216, 218 dislocation from. 218 Arthrodesis, 403 Arthropathy, 219 non-inflammatory, 219 osteo- (rheumatoid). 219 Arthrotomy of knee joint for tuber- culosis, 260 Ashby and Wright, congenital mu- coid cyst, 461 on neuroma, 69 Asepsis, 39, 41 Aspiration of hydronephrotic tumor. 657 of hydroperincphrotic tumor, 657 Asthma, thymic. 510 treatment, 511 Atresia ani urethrali-;. 635 ani vaginalis, 633 ani vesical is, 634 Auditory canal external, anatomy, 371 congenital occlusion, 372 treatment, 372 diffused inflammation of, 373 symptoms, 373 treatment, 373 diphtheritic inflammation of, 374 foreign bodies, 372 treatment, 372 Auricles, absence, 369 eczema, 371 malformation, 369 over-development and prominence, 369 supernumerary, 720 Auto inoculation, raising opsonic in- dex, 130 Auto- intoxication producing shock, 49 Bacher on knockknee, 185 Bagin sky's tonsillotome, 464 Bal lance, operation for hydro- cephalus internus, 359 Bandage, Esmarch's, 45 Plaster of Paris, 43 Bandaging, 42 Bandy legs, 188 Barlow's disease, 109 Bassini. operation for femoral hernia, 616 operation for inguinal hernia, 613 Beck, operation for hypospadias, 679 Bevan on treatment of cryptor- chidism, 687 Bigelow, litholapaxy. 673 Bier-Klapp hyperemia, 127 conditions to be obtained, 128 in localized tuberculosis, 116 in tendon sheath inflammation, 169 method of applying, 127 Bilharzia adenomata of rectum, 639 Bilroth, fungous synovitis, 227 Birth palsies, 408 Bladder, atresia ani vesicalis, 634 calculus. 670 diagnosis, 671 etiology. 670 prognosis. 672 symptoms, 671 treatment, 67J ectopia vesicae, (/\^ extroversion, CC.3 742 INDEX Bladder— CoM/mti^dL diagnosis, 665 pathology, 665 treatment, 665 operations, Konig's, ti/I Maydrs, 668 Rutkowski's, 667 Schlange's, 667 Segond's, 667, 669 Trcndelenberg's, 667 Wood's, 66s foreign body in, 675 tumors, 66g Blake, chloroform for larvae in nasal passages, 470 Blanchard, cases of osteoclasis, 193, 194, 195 Blood, in operations, 38 examination in syphilis, 120 proportion to body weight, 45 rapidity of loss, 45 Blood count, 33 blood count before operating, 49 Bloodgood, blood count before oper- ating, 49 on shock, 48 Blood pressure, 32 Blood vessels, 45 intravenous injection, 50 ligation of, 46 tension of. organisms producing, 158 prognosis, 139 septic, 478 treatment, 139 Cephalhematoma, 345 diagnosis, 346 etiology, 346 symptoms, 346 treatment, 347 Cephalhydrocele traumatic, 344 Cerebri, prolapsus and hernia, 343 Cheiloplasty, 709 anesthesia in, 710 principles and technique, 711 Chest, see thorax Cheyne, tubercular joints, 236 Chiene, cranio-cercbral topography, 361 Chloroform, 41 Chondro-dystrophia fetalis, see acondroplasia, 61 Cicatrices, in burns, 159 Circumcision, 682 Cirsoid aneurysm, 83 Clavicle, fracture of, 281 Geft palate, see hare lip and cleft palate, 701 ctiolog>', 704 other operations, 717 time for operation, 705 uranostaphylorraphy, 713 varieties, 704 Clitoris, adherent, 697 Club-foot (see also talipes), 722 bandaging in, 44 brace, 73i, 7^^ shoe, 731 Club-hand, 734 Cohnheim, experiments with grafts, 63 theory of tumor growth, 63 Collar for immobilizing cervical spine, 447 Colles* law in syphilis, 117 Coloboma of eyelid, 720 Colon, malformation of, 569 position in infants, 532 Complement in scrum reaction lor syphilis, 121 Complications of various infections of childhood. 147 Compound dislocations, 320 Condylomata, 1 18 Congenital dislocations, 298 Congenital Dislocations— Co witwii^rf. fractures, 274 tumors of spinal and sacral region, 89 Contractures, from bums, 159 in clubfoot, 722 in paralysis from birth injuries^ 410 in poliomyelitis, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402 in pscudo-hypertrophic paralysis, 164 in tuberculosis of ankle, 263 of fascia, 179 of hips, 238, 239, 240 of joints, 230 of knee, 256, 259 Convulsions, in tetanus, 143 Corbin, sublimed mercury for diph- theria, 478 Corkscrew and saber legs, 189 Corrective gymnastics in spinal curv- ature, 432 Cotton, on Hodgkin's disease, 337 Crampton, physiologic age versus chronologic age, 57, 58 Cranial bosses, 212 Cranio-cerebral topography, 361 Cranium, anatomical peculiarities, 366 fractures, 342 operations upon, 364 pneumatocele, 344 diagnosis, 344 etiology, 344 treatment, 345 Cranio-tabes, 213 in malnutrition, 213 in rickets, 104, 213 in s>'philis, 118, 213 Crico-tracheotomy, 506 Croup, diphtheritic, 486 false, 479 membranous, 486 true, 486 Cryptorchidism, 686 Curette, Gottstein's, 457 Kirstein's, 457 Cystoma, 89 Cysts (see also dermoids), 78 beneath tongue, 719 hydatid of Morgagni, 695 hydronephrosis, 93 hydro-perinephrosis, 93 of kidneys, 92 744 INDEX Cysts — Continued. retention, 91 causes, 91 diagnosis, 94 prognosis, 94 treatment, 94 sebaceous, 92 of socia parotidis, 92 of spermatic cord, 695 of sublingual and submaxillary glands, 92 of urachus and vitello-intestinal duct, 94 Dactylitis, tubercular, 268 Deformities, bow legs, 189 clubfoot, 722 clubhand, 734 corkscrew and saber legs, 189 of forearms, 196 of feet, 735 genu extrorsum, 188 genu valgum, 181 of hands, 735 in Pott's disease, 439 of spine, 426, 429, 430, 431 supernumerary arms, legs, hands or feet, 735 of thorax, 196 webbed fingers, 738 Delavan, flies and larvae in nasal passages, 470 Delorme's operation, 530 Dermatitis, 42 Dermoids, 78 of ovary, 79, 81, 696 of testicle, 80, 689 Development and growth, 54 Diabetic gangrene, 150 Diagnosis, blood examination, 32 difficulties of, 25 electricity in, 34 laboratory methods in, 32 the X-ray in, 34 Didot, operation for webbed fingers, 738 Differential blood count, 33 Digits, irregular alignment of, 738 supernumerary, 735 webbed, 738 Diphtheria, 135 diagnosis. 136 membrane, 135 membrane from other organisms, 136 Diphtheria — Continued. mixed infections and results, 136 prognosis, 137 pseudo-diphtheria, 135, Ij6 symptoms, 136 toxemia, 136 treatment, 137 Diphtheroid, 137 Dislocations, 298 congenital, 298 of hip joint, 299 of knee, 311 of other joints, 314 j of shoulder, 312 spontaneous, 218 traumatic, 314 compound, 320 of hip, 319 of patella, 319 of penis, 684 of phalanges, 319 of radius, 314, 316, 318 of ribs, 320 of shoulder, 319 of sternum, 320 of thumb, 319 of ulna, 314, 316 Doren, fallacy of Lannelongue's operation, 347 Dowd, lymph nodes, 330, 333, 33^. 337 Drainage in hydrocephalus, 353 tubes for, in empyema, 525 Dressing, 42 Dropsy, of joints, 225 Duchenne, progressive muscular pa- ralysis, 166 Duplay's operation for hypospadias, 680 Dusting powders, 42 Dyspnoea, in thymic asthma. 510 Ear disease, intra-cranial extension of, 389 .. Ear drum, injuries, 374 Ears, supernumerary, 720 Ectopia vesicae, 663 diagnosis, 665 pathology, 663 treatment, 665 Edema of the glottis, 477 etiology, 477 treatment, 478 drugs, 478 ice, 479 INDEX 745 Edema of the Glottis — Continued. intubation, 479 malignant, 150 treatment, 151 Edwards, on sarcoma of mediasti- num, 72 Effusion, character in empyema, 520 early, 520 late, 520 in neglected empyemas, 520 Elbow, tuberculosis of, 264 Electricity in diagnosis of paralysis, 34 Electrolysis for neoplasms in nose, 452 for nevi, 86 in tonsillotomy, 462, 464 Eliot, suggestion for relief of intus- susception, 590 Emprosthotonos, in tetanus, 143 Emphysematous gangrene, 150 Empyema, 515 differences from adult type, 515 double, 531 effusion, 520 etiology, 516 bacteria, 517 symptoms, 519 treatment, 520 drainage, 522 paracentesis thoracis, 521 technique, 521 uses, 521 thoracoplasty, 527 indications for, 527, 530 operations — Delorme's, 530 Estlander's, 528 Keen's, 529 Schede's, 529 thoracotomy, 522 drainage tubes, 525 Flint's empyema tube, 525 for simple incision, 522 indications for excision of rib, 522 technique of operation, 523 Encephalocele, congenital, 340 diagnosis, 341 etiology, 340 symptoms, 340 treatment, 341 Enemata, after operations, 51 Enchondroma, 67 Enterectomy, 590 Enterolitcs, 593 Enterotomy, 571, 598 Epicanthus, 721 Epididymis, tuberculosis of, 690 Epispadias, 676 Epithelioma, 75 rarity, 95 Epulis, 720 Erb's paralysis, 165, 393 attitude of arm in, 394 causes, 393 diagnosis, 394 prognosis, 394 treatment, 394 Keimedy's operation, 394 Erysipelas, 137 diagnosis, 138 favored locations, 137 prognosis, 138 symptoms, 137 treatment, 138 Esophagus, foreign body in, 562 treatment, 563 malformation of, 562 stricture, 563 symptoms, 564 treatment, 564 Estlander's thoracoplasty, 528 Eosinophilia, 34 Epiphyses, separation of, 276 complications and results, 278, 291 diagnosis, 277 of femur, lower, 295 or fracture of olecranon, 292 and fracture at upper end of femur, 293 frequency, 276 of humerus, lower, 285 of humerus, upper, ^ pathology, 277 of radius, lower, 290 of radius, upper, 291 of tibial and fibular, 296 of trochanter major, 294 Epiphysitis, acute, 210 etiology, 210 symptoms, 211 treatment, 211 syphilitic, 211 tubercular, 224, 225 Epispadias, 676 pathology, 676 treatment, 676 Thiersch's operation, 677 Esmarch bandage, 45 indications for, 45, 208 746 INDEX Esmarch Bandage — Continued. in osteotomy, i86 in sequestrectomy, 208 in tenotomy, 172 Ether, 41 Ethyl chloride, 41 Eyelid, coloboma of, 720 epicanthus, 721 Examination, 25 Excision of knee joint for tubercu- losis, 261 of rib, 522 Exomphalos, 534 Exploratory punctures and incisions, 37 ^ , Extremities, malformations of, 737 Extroversion of bladder, 663 Extubation, 501 False membrane, in diphtheria, 135 from other organisms, 136 Fascia, contraction of, 179 inflammation of, 178 injuries of, 178 Fasciotomy, plantar, 402, 730 in spastic paralysis, 413 Fecal impaction, 593 Feet, supernumerary, 735 Femur, fracture and separations at upper end, 293 fracture of shaft, 293 separations of lower epiphysis, 295 separation of trochanter major, 294 Ferguson on Broph/s operation, 708 Fetal rickets, see achondroplasia, 61 Fetus in fetu, 77 Fever in appendicitis, 547 in burns, 156 in mastoid disease, 383 in noma, 153 in sapremia, 125 in tetanus, 144 Fibroma, 64 upon gums, 720 in nares, 452 of tongue, 719 Fibula, fracture of shaft, 295 separation of upper epiphysis, 296 Fingers, supernumerary, 735 webbed, 738 Fissure of anus, 644 Fissures syphilitic, 118 Fistula in ano, 643 in auris congenita, 370 from Meckel's diverticulum, 534 Fistulse, branchial, 720 Flatfoot, 7^Sf 7^ with bow legs, 189 with genu valgum, 182 Foreign body in bladder, 675 in bronchus, 481 in external auditory canal, 372 in gullet, 470 in intestines, 590 in larynx, 481 in nose, 468 in rectum, 590 in stomach, intestine or rtrctum, 590 diagnosis, 592 symptoms, 591 treatment, 592 in trachea, 481 in urethra, 675 Fractures, 271 congenital, 274 diagnosis, 273 greenstick, 276 incomplete, 276 intra-uterine, 274 peculiarities in children, 271 refracture for vicious union, 279 traumatic separation of epiphy- ses, 276 treatment, 273 of clavicle, 281 of humerus, above condyles, 283 of humerus, external condyle, 288 of humerus, external epicondyle, 289 of humerus, internal condyle, 287 of humerus, internal epicondyle, 288 of humerus, near elbow, 282 of humerus, shaft, 290 of humerus, T or Y-fracture, 286 of inferior maxilla, 280 of malar bone. 280 of metacarpals, 296 of nasal bones, 279 of ribs, 297 and separation of upper end of femur, 293 or separation of olecranon, 202 of shaft of femur, 293 of shaft of fibula, 295 INDEX 949 Fractures — Continued. of shaft of radius, 291 of shaft of tibia, 295 of shaft of ulna, 291 of skull, 34^ of sternum, 297 of superior maxilla, 280 Funnel chest, 513 Galvanism, for neoplasms in nose, 452 for nevi, 86 in Raynaud*s disease, 151 in tonsillotomy, 462-464 Gangrene, 148 carbolic acid, 149 .diabetic, 150 emphysematous, 150 hemophiliac, 150 noma, 151 in septicemia, 127 traumatic, 149 treatment, 151 typhoid, 150 varieties and causes, 148 Gastro-duodenostomy, 568 Gastro-enterostomy, 567 Gastroscope, 563 Gavagc, S3» 54 Genito-urinary organs, 647 Genuclast, Goldthwaite's, 259 Genu extrorsum, 188 treatment, i^ Genu valgum, pathology, 181 treatment, 182 operative treatment, 184 Genu varum, 188 Germicides, 42 Gerster, swelling of fractures, 284 Gersuny, axial rotation of rectum to form sphincter, 628 Giantism, 60 Goldthwaite's genuclast, 259 Gonorrhoeal arthritis, 210-219 Gottstein's curette, 457 Grafts, cartilaginous, 63 periosteal, 63 Granulomata of larynx, 481 Growth and development, 54 Guersant, convulsions in cases to be operated, 37 difficulty of operations in chil- dren, 54 Gullet, foreign body in, 470 Gum, tumor upon (sec Epulis), 720 Gymnastics, corrective in spinal curvature, 432 Hahn, methods of pylorodiosis, 567 Hand, clubbed, 734 supernumerary, 735 Hare-lip, etiology and varieties, 701 heredity, 704 median hare-lip, 703 treatment, 705 treatment, operative, 709 anesthesia in, 40, 710 principles and technique, 711 Giraldes' operation, 711 Maas' operation, 711 Malgaigne's operation, 710 Mirault's operation, 710 Nekton's operation, 710 preliminary to operation, 708 Headache, in intra-cranial inflamma- tion, 391 Height, 57 Hematoma, 180 cephalhematoma, 345 in hemophilia, 180 of sterno-mastoid, 160 pathology, 160 results, 161 Hematuria, 650 Hemoglobin, 32, 33, 38 Hemophilia, 96 gangrene in, 150 hematomata of, 180 hemorrhage in, 96, 97 joint changes in, 222 diagnosis, 222 treatment, 222 treatment, 99 Hemorrhage, as a cause of shock, 46, 47 control of, 45 in cranio-cerebral operations, 365, 367 in hemophilia, 96-97 in infant, 45 of kidney, 650 rapidity, 45 in scurvy, no umbilical, 536 Hemorrhoids, 645 Hepatoniphalos, 534 Hernia, causes, 598 cerebri, 343 diagnosis of, 608 748 INDEX Htmiar-Continued. diagnosis of varieties of inguinal hernia, 609 iliaphragmatic, 601 diagnosis, 603 symptoms, 603 treatment, 603 femoral, 616 frequency, 598 inguinal, 606 acquired. 608 congenital. 607 encysted, 607 funicular, 607 infantile, 607 ' in canal of Nuck, 607 irreducible, 599 lumbar, 617 post-operative, 617 relapsed, 617 strangulated, 599 diagnosis, 600 operation for, 600 symptoms, 599 treatment, 600 traumatic, 617 treatment, 611 by truss. 612 choice of operation, 613 preparation for and technique of operation, 614 umbilical, 603 author's truss, 605 diagnosis, 603 operation for, 606 prognosis, 604 treatment, 604 vaginal, 617 varieties, 598 ventral, 603 Hibbs' apparatus, for reducing dis- location of hips, 305 Hibbs-Sporon method, of tendon lengthening, 172 Hill, tension of cercbro-spinal fluid, 354. 357 Hip joint, congenital dislocation, 299 diagnosis, 301 etiology, 299 prognosis, 302 symptoms, 300 treatment, 302 Bloodless reduction (Lo- rcnz' method), 301 Hibbs' method, 305 Hip Joint — Continued. Hoffa's operation, 303 Ridlon's method, 308 traumatic dislocation, 319 Hip joint disease, 237 diagnosis, 243 etiology. 237 pain, 238 pathology, 237 prognosis, 244 symptoms and course, 238 abscess, 242 atrophy, 242 attitude, 239 amyloid disease, 242 night cries, 239 rigidity, 240 shortening, 242 swelling, 241 tenderness, 242 treatment, amputation, 254 of abscesses, 251 by fixation, 244, 247 by traction, 244 combined, 247, 249 Jordan's operation, 254 operative, 252 double hip joint disease. 255 Hip splint, hospital long. 249 leather or felt, 248 Phelps', 250 plaster of Paris, 247 Ridlon's, 249 Taylor's, 249 Thomas', 248 Hodgkin's disease, 337 diagnosis, 338 etiology, 337 symptoms. 338 treatment, 339 Hoflfa's operation, 303 Holt, on acute arthritis, 210 diplegia, 410 paraplegia, 410 on joint tuberculosis. 236 symptoms of paralysis from birth injuries, 409 Hot water for nevi, 87, 630 Horsley. anesthesia in brain surgery, 365 Hueter, synovial tuberculosis, 227 Humerus, fracture above condvles, 283 diagnosis. pathology, 572 spontaneous cure, 580 symptoms, 577 anuria, 579 loss of weight, 579 pain, 577 prostration, 579 shock, 579 stools, 579 temperature, 579 thirst. 579 tumor, 578 vomiting, 578 treatment, 581 advantages and disadvantages of air, 584 advantages and disadvantages of fluids, 585 amount of pressure, 582 device of Forest, 584 enterectomy, 590 illustrative cases, 586 indications for laparotomy, 589 laparotomy, 589 methods of reduction, 583 obstacles to reduction, 582 softening or sloughing of bowel, 582 use of opium, 581 varieties, 572 lodin test for glycogen, 34 Iodoform emulsion, 233 Von Mosetig-Moorhof's, 209 Ischio-rectal abscess, diagnosis, 645 treatment, 646 Jackets, for spinal disease, 444 Jackson, esophagoscopy and gastro- scopy. 563, 592 tracheoscopy and bronchoscopy, 484, 5" thymic asthma, 510 thymic tracheostenosis, 324 Jacobi, the sigmoid and constipation, 532 Jaundice, in operation cases, 38, 49 Joints, congenital dislocations, 298 (see also dislocations, congenital, and the special joint) hemophiliac, changes in, 222 infections of, non -tubercular, non- sypliilitic, 216 infections of, chronic secondary, 219 Joints-Continued, inflammations of, see Arthritis laxness of, 298 syphilitic disease of, 213 tuberculosis of, 225 Joined twins, 77 Jordan, amputation at hip, 254 Juvenile type of paralysis, 165 Keen, thoracoplasty, 529 typhoid arthritis, 216 Kennedy's operation for Erb's pa- ralysis, 394 Keratitis, interstitial in syphilis, 119 Kidneys, anatomy, 647 calculus in, 657 diagnosis, 658 symptoms, 658 treatment, 658 cysts of, 92 floating, diagnosis, 648 etiology, 648 symptoms, 648 treatment, 649 hemorrhage of, 651 hydro-nephrosis and hydroperi- nephrosis, 655 inflammation of, tubercular, 659 injuries of, 649 diagnosis, 650 etiology, 649 patholog>', 649 prognosis, 651 symptoms, 650 treatment, 651 malformations of, 647 perinephritis, 652 sarcoma of, 72 tumors, innocent, 660 malignant, 660 diagnosis, 661 pathology. 660 prognosis, 662 symptoms, 661 treatment, 662 Killian, direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, 484 Kinnear, case of cancrum oris, 153 Kirstein curette. 457 Klebs-Loefller bacillus. Local anesthetics, 41 Lock-jaw, see tetanus, 141 Lordosis, 429 Loreta, operation for pyloric stenosis, 567 Lorenz* method, reduction of hip joint, 304 Ludwig's angina, 138, 478 Lumbar puncture, in hydrocephalus, 352 Lumpy jaw, see actinomycosis, 148 Lymphadenitis, acute septic, 138 acute simple, 326 etiology, 326 symptoms, 326 treatment, 327 simple chronic or sub-acute, 328 diagnosis, 328 etiology, 328 treatment, 329 syphilitic, 337 tubercular, 329 752 INDEX Lymphadenitis— Con/inM^J. diagnosis, 331 etiology, 329 pathology, 330 prognosis, 333 symptoms, 331 treatment, 333 Lymphadenoma, 325, 337 Lymphangiectasis, 325 Lymphangioma, 87 Lymphatic anemia, see Hodgkin's disease, 337 Lymphatic glands, primary sarcoma of, 325 diagnosis, 325 treatment, 325 Lymphatism (status lymphaticus) , 323f 510 diagnosis, 324 etiology, 323 symptoms, 323 treatment, 324 Lymphoma, 71 Lymphosarcoma, 325, 337 Lymph varix, 325 Macewen, operation for genu valgum, 185, 186 pathology of sinus thrombosis, 387. Macroglossia, 718 Macrostoma, 718 Macrotia, 369 Malar bone, fracture of, 280 Malformations, 59, 60 (see also de- formities) abdomen at linea alba, 534 abdomen at umbilicus, 534 or absence of auricle, 369 absence or suppression of parts, 737 achondroplasia, 61 acromegaly, 61, 94 anus, 620 auditory canal, 372 atresia oris, 718 bladder, extroversion, 663 canthus, 721 cleft palate, 701 coloboma of eyelid, 720 ear external, 369 encophalocele, 340 epicanthus, 721 epispadias, 676 Mai format ions — Con tinued, esophagus, 562 extremities, 737 extroversion of bladder, 663 general, 59, 60 giantism, 60 hare-lip, 701 hydrencephalocele, 340 hjrpospadias, 678 small intestine and colon, 569 kidney, 647 macroglossia, 718 macrostoma, 718 meatus auditorius, 372 meningocele, 340 microcephalus, 347 microstoma, 718 nasal passages, 450 pigeon-toe, 731 penis in epispadias, 676 penis in hypospadias, 678 penis in extroversion, 664 rectum, 620 supernumerary arms, legs, hands or feet, 735 supernumerary digits, 735 sacrum, 417, 423 or absence of tongue, 718 of thorax, 512 turbinates, 451 Malignant oedema, 150 causes, 151 Marie's disease, see acromegaly. 61 Marsh, amputation in morbus coxae, 254 attitude in morbus coxae. 239 terminology of rheumatoid arth- ritis, 219 Mason's mouth gag, 465 Mastoidectomy, 384 Mastoiditis, 382 diagnosis, 383 indications for operative inter- ference, 384 intra-cranial extension, 389 mastoidectomy, 384 pathology, 382 prognosis, 383 symptoms, 383 treatment, 383 Matas, contributions upon ano-rectal imperforations, 627 Mathews, fistula in ano, 643 Maxilla, inferior, fracture of, 280 Maxilla, superior, fracture of, 280 INDEX 753 Maydl's operation for extroversion of bladder, 668 Mayo, suture of fascia, 335 tying flaps in cleft palate opera- tion, 716 McBurney's incision, 551 McCurdy, case of cancrum oris, 152 McKenzie's tonsillotome, 464 Measurements, 56 Meatus auditorius extemus, 371 inflammations of, 373 Meckel's diverticulum, fecal fistula from, 534 Mediastinum, sarcoma of, 72 Membrana tympani, incision of, 380 inflammation of, 375 injuries, 374 Meninges, operations upon, see operations upon cranium, 364 Meningitis, in cranial meningocele, 341 following spinal caries, 444 septic, from middle ear disease, 389. traumatic, in fracture of skull, 343 Meningocele, congenital cranial, 340 mistaken for nasal polypus, 452 traumatic cranial, 344 Meningo-myelocele, 419 Mercurial stomatitis, 124 Mercury in syphilis, 124 Meta-carpal bones, fractures of, 296 Microcephalus, 347 Microstoma, 718 Middle-ear, inflammation, 375 causes and associated conditions, diagnosis, 377 intra-cranial extension, 389 prognosis, 378 symptoms, 377 treatment, 379 Morbus coxarius, 237 Morphine in intra-cranial surgery, 365 Morton's method of injecting spina bifida, 422 Mouth gag. losis of bones and joints, 235 elbow, 265 hip, 253 knee, 261 ribs, 522 extubation, 501 gastroenterostomy, 567 hare-lip, 710 Giraldes', 711 Maas', 711 Malgaigne's, 710 Mirault's, 710 Nelaton's, 710 hernia, diaphragmatic, 603 femoral, Bassini's, 616 inguinal, 614 lumbar, 617 relapsed, 618 strangulated, 600 umbilical, 606 hydronephrosis, 93, 657 hyd roper inephrosis. 93, 657 hydrocephalus, Ballance's, 359 drainage into pleural cavity, 354 drainage, subcutaneous, 354 drainage into spinal canal, 354 drainage into subdural space, 354 tapping ventricles, 353 hypospadias. Beck's, 679 Duplay's, 680 infra-pelvic, in ano-rectal imper- foration, 627 ignipuncture, 87 intestinal obstruction, laparotomy for, 571 » 595 intravenous infusion, 50 intubation of larynx, 493 intussusception, Eliot's suggestion for, 589 enterectomy for, 590 laparotomy for, 589 parotomy for intestinal obstruc- tion, 571, 595 for intussusception, 589 for tubercular peritonitis, 560 lar>iigotoniy, 505 laryngotracheotomy, 506 litholapaxy, 673 lithotomy, 674 Ludwigs angina, incisions for, 139 lumbar puncture, 35? INDEX 755 Operation— C^w/intt^d. mastoidectomy, 384 myringotomy, 380 nephrotomy, 662 osteoclasis, 192 osteokampsis, 196 osteotomy, 186, 190, 732 paracentesis abdominis, 556 thoracis, 521 of t)rmpanic membrane, 380 proctoplasty, 627 pyloric stenosis, 567 pylorodiosis for, Hahn's, 567 pylorodiosis for, Loreta*s, 567 gastroenterostomy, 567 Finney's, 568 Nicoirs, 568 pyoperinephritis, 655 rectal prolapse, 638 rectal poljrpus, 639 redressement force of knock-knee, 184 reduction congenital hip-disloca- tion, 304 Hibbs', 305 Lorenz*, 304 Ridlon's, 308 resections, see excisions retropharyngeal abscess, acute, 473 retropharyngeal abscess, chronic, 476 sequestrectomy, 208 sinus thrombosis, 388 spina bifida, 422 synovectomy of knee-joint, 260 tarsal osteotomy, 732 tarsectomy, 264 tendon, 171 lengthening, 171, 172 open tenotomy, 171, 172 subcutaneous tenotomy, 171 (See also under Tenotomy) shortening, 173 suturing, 176 transplanting, 173 tenosynovitis, incisions for, 167 tonsillotomy and tonsillectomy, 463 tracheotomy, infra-isthmian, 509 tubercular lymph nodes, removal, 335 thoracentesis, 521 thoracotomy, 522 thoracoplasty, 527 Operation— C()«/mi««/. Delorme's, 530 Estlander's, 528 Keen's, 529 Schede's, 529 th3rmectomy, 511 urano-staphylorrhaphy, 713 webbed fingers, Didoes, 738 Norton's, 738 Operative trauma in relation to shock, 48 Opisthotonos in tetanus, 143 Opsonic index, 129 auto-inoculation, 133 technique, 130 Opsonins, 129 Orchitis, infectious, 689 syphilitic, 691 traumatic, 611, 689 tubercular, 690 Osier, birth paralysis, 410 Osteoarthritis, etiology, 220 pathology, 220 synonyms, 219 treatment, 220 Osteochondritis, 118 Osteoclasis, 192 in bow legs, 190 in genu valgum, 186 Osteokampsis, 196 Osteoma, 68 Osteomyelitis, acute infective, 202 diagnosis, 205 etiology, 202 pathology, 203 prognosis, 205 sequestrectomy, 208 symptoms, 204 treatment, 206 acute simple (non-suppurative), 201 Osteotomy, 186, 190 in genu valgum, 186 tarsal, 732 Ostitis, articular, of hip, 237 syphilitic, 213 Otitis, media, 375 syphilitic, 120 Out-knee, 188 Ovary, dermoids or tridermic tumors of, 79, 81 misplacement, 695 tumors, diagnosis, 696 Owen, anesthesia in bums, 40 756 INDEX Owen — Continued. epiphyseal separations and dislo- cations, 265 lancing retropharyngeal abscess^ 473 tongue swallowing, 471 redressement fore 6 in knock-knee, 184 treatment ofJumbar hernia, 617 Oxygen, in shock, 50 Pachymeningitis, from ear disease, 390 Palate, cleft, 701 malformation of, obstructing air passages, 468 syphilitic* disease of, 213 Pain, appendicular, 544. 545, 548 badly borne when severe or pro- longed, 46, 52 in bone tuberculosis, 228 in chronic retropharyngeal ab- scess, 474 elicited by examination, 28 in hip- joint disease, 258 in intussusception, 577 located inaccurately by childfl^, 205. 545 occasional fortitude under, 29 in Pott's disease, 436 in sacroiliac disease, 266 Painter, atrophic arthritis, 220 Papilloma, of bladder, 669 larynx, 480 tongue, 719 Park, incubation period of tetanus, 141 Paracentesis, abdominis, 556 of ear drum, 380 thorj|Kis, 521 Paqutfmi cautery, 40 for enlarged tonsils, 462 joint tuberculosis, 232, 257 neoplasms in nose, 452 nevi, 87, 639 noma, 153 rheumatic myositis, 161 Paralysis, abdominal muscles, 537 acute or subacute acquired, 410 lesions, 411 symptoms, 411 birth, 408 cerebral, infantile, 407 from birth injuries, 409 diagnosis, 409 Paralysis — Continued, symptoms, 409 from prenatal causes, 407 diagnosis, 412 diphtheritic, 398 Erb's, 393 facial of newborn, 397 infantile cerebral, 407 myelitis, acute transverse, 398 prognosis, all forms, infantile cerebral paralysis, 411 pseudo, of scurvy, no, 398 pseudohypertrophic muscular. 162 facial scapulo-humeral type, 165 juvenile or Erb's type, 165 peroneal type, 165 prognosis, 165 progressive muscular, 166 treatment, 165 spastic, 407 spinal, 398 spinal, acute atrophic, 395 treatment, 412 of cerebral hemorrhage, 412 of contractures, 413 by nerve transference, 413 prophylactic, 412 of resulting conditions, 413 Paraphimosis, 683 Parrot, cranial bosses, 213 Patella, fractures of, 296 habitual dislocation, 309 Peters' wrench, 259 Penis, dislocation of, 684 constrictions of, 684 malformation of in epispadias, 676 malformation of in hypospadias, 678 malformation of in ectopia vesi- cae, 664 Pemphigus, syphilitic, 118 Perichondrosis, pseudoparalj^tic syph- ilitic, 211 diagnosis, 212 etiology. 211 symptoms, 212 treatment, 212 Perinephritis, 652 diagnosis, 652 etiology, 652 pathology, 652 prognosis, 654 symptoms, 652 treatment, 654 INDEX 757 Periosteum, anatomical peculiarities, 271 in fractures, 272 in separation of epiphyses, 278 Periostitis, 198 acute suppurative, 198 diagnosis, 199 etiology, 199 symptoms, 199 treatment, 199 osteoplastic, 199 \-.,.. etiology, 200 "* , .^thology, 201 syphilitic, 189, 200, 213 treatment, 201 Peritonitis, -iKjiite. 537 diagnosi?,* -^1^ etiology, 53r^?\>^ pathology, 538* • ^. prognosis, 539 "***'^' symptoms, 538 **• treatment, 539 ''- chronic, non-tubercular, 555 diagnosis, 556 patholog>', 555 prognosis, 556 symptoms, 555 treatment, 556 septic, from omphalitis, 535 symptoms, 535 treatment, 535 tubercular, 556 acute miliary form, 556 ascitic form, 557 diagnosis, 557 prognosis, 558 symptoms, 557 diagnosis, 559 fibroplastic form, 558 treatment, general, 559 operative, 560 ulcerative form, 559 Pes varus, 722 Phalanges, dislocation of, 319 fractures of, 296 supernumerary, 735 Pharyngeal tonsil, 453 Phelps, operation for club-foot, 732 hip splint, 250 Phimosis, 681 circumcision for, 682 Phlebitis, 535 Pilcher, terminology of tetanus, 142 Pigeon-breast, 513 Pigeon-toe, 731 Plaster jacket, 43, 444 Plaster of Paris bandage, applica- tion of, 43 removal of, 44 Pleurosthotonos in tetanus, 143 Pneumatocele cranii, diagnosis, 344 etiology, 344 treatment, 345 Poliomyelitis, acute anterior, 395 diagnosis, 398 distribution and extent of paraly- sis. 396 pathology, 395 prognosis, 399 symptoms, 396 results, 397 types, 397 treatment, 399 arthrodesis, 403 of ankle, 403 of hip, 404 of knee, 404 braces in, 402 general, 399 mechanical, 399 * nerve transference, 406 operative, 399 tendon transplantation, 405 Polydactylism, 735 Polypi, 66, 67, 639 middle ear, 67, 382 nasal, 67. 452 rectal. 67, 639 vesical, 669 Poncct, method of tendon lengthen- ing, 173 Post-operative hernia, 617 Post-pharyngeal abscess, 471 Pott's disease, 434 abscess in, 434, 435 attitude, 438 compression symptoms, 441 deformity, 439 diagnosis, 436 etiology, 434 _ muscular rigidity, 437 nervous symptoms, 439 pathology, 434 prognosis, 442 symptoms, 436 treatment, 443 mechanical, 443 braces, 446, 449 collar, 447 head extension, 447, 448 • 7S» INDEX Pott's Disease— Coii/»»ti^rf. jackets, 444, 449 rest and methods of obtaining it, 443 advantages of, 444 time it should be continued, 443 Power, astringents for enlarged ton- sils, 461 hunger favors shock, 40 rectal polypi, 66 synovial membranes in relation to epiphyses, 226 tapping cystic hygroma, 89 Prepuce, adherent, 680 Primary progressive myopathy, 162 Proctitis, 640 Progressive muscular paralysis, 165 Prolapsus, cerebri, 343 recti, 636 urethral, female, 697 Pseudo-diphtheria, 135, 136 Pseudo-hypertrophic muscular pa- ralysis, 162 diagnosis, 163 etiology, 162 pathology, 162 prognosis, 165 symptoms, 163 treatment, 165 Pseudo-leukemia, 337 Pseudo-paralytic perichondrosis, 211 Pyemia, 134 Pyloric stenosis, 564 classes and varieties, 564 diagnosis, 565 prognosis, 565 symptoms, 565 treatment, 566 after-treatment, 568 operative, 566 Finney's operation, 568 gastroenterostomy, 567 Hahn's operation, 567 Loreta's operation, 567 Nicoll's operation, 568 pylorodiosis, 567 Quincke, lumbar puncture, 352 Rachitis, 99 acute hemorrhagic, 109 age of incidence, loi craniotabes in, 104 deformities of, 103, 105, 181 'Rachitis— Continued, bow legs, 189 corkscrew legs, 189 forearm, 196 genu extrorsum, 188 genu valgum, 181 saber legs, 189 spine, 106, 426, 429, 430, 431 diagnosis, 106 etiology, 99 fetal, 61 lesions, 100 rosary of, 104 symptoms, loi treatment, 107 Radiography, 35 Radius, dislocation backward, 318 dislocation forward, 318 fracture of shaft, 291 separation of lower epiphysis. 290 separation of upper epiphysis, 291 subluxation, 317 Radius and ulna, dislocation back- ward or laterally, 314 dislocation forward, 316 Radium in treatment of nevi, 87 Ranula, 92 Raynaud's disease, 151 Rectal abscess (ischio-rectal), 645 feeding, 54 Rectum, bilharzia adenomata in, 639 foreign body in, 590 inflammation of, 640 diagnosis, 641 etiology, 640 pathology, 640 symptoms, 641 treatment, 641 malformations of, 620 classification, 621 diagnosis, various species, 621, 624, 625, 630, 633, 634, 635 etiology, 620 symptoms, various species, 624, 633, 634. 635, 636 treatment, various species, 622, 624, 626, 627, 629, 630, 633 abdominal operations, 629, 635 infrapelvic operations, 627, 634 nevus of, 638 polypus of, 639 prolapsus of, 636 syphilis of, 642 INDEX 750 tectum— Continued. vegetations in, 642 Renal calculus, 657 Retention cysts, 64, 91 Retro-pharyngeal abscess, 471 diagnosis, 472 etiology, 471 prognosis, 472 symptoms, 471 treatment, 472 chronic, 474 diagnosis, 474 etiology, 471 pain in, 474 symptoms, 474 treatment, 476 Rhabdomyoma, see myoma, 69 Rheumatic myositis, 161 Rheumatoid arthritis, 219 Rhinoliths, 468 Ribs, dislocation, 320 excision, 522 fractures, 297 tuberculosis, 270 Rice, or melon seed, bodies, 228 in sublingual cysts, 719 Rickets, see rachitis, 99 Ridlon, hip splint, 249 method of reducing dislocation of hip, 308 Risus sardonicus, 143 Rotch, index of anatomic or chrono- logic age, 56 Robinson's tonsil hemostat, 466 Rutkowski's operation for extrover- sion of bladder, 667 Saber legs, 189 Sacro-iliac articulation, tuberculosis of, 266 diagnosis, 266 prognosis, 267 symptoms, 266 treatment, 267 Sacrum, malformation of, 423 Saline solution, 50 in hemorrhage and shock, 50 intravenously, 50 post-operative, 51 subcutaneously, 50 Sapremia, 125 symptoms, 125 treatment, 126 Sarcoma, 71 Sarcoma — Continued. diagnosis, 74 etiology, 71 location, 71 symptoms, 74 treatment, 75 varieties, 71 from angioma, 8$ of bladder, 669 of brain, 72 upon gums, 720 of kidney, 72 of mediastinum, 72 in nares, 452 Say re's jury-mast, 447 Scalds, 154 Scapulo-humeral type of paralysis, 165 Scarlet fever, 135 causing arthritis, 216, 217, 218 causing cellulitis, 138 causing empyema, 516, 520 causing lymphadenitis, 326 surgical complications of ordinary scarlet, 135 surgical scarlet proper, 135 Schlange's operation for extrover- sion, 667 Schede*s thoracoplasty, 529 Scoliosis, 424 Scopolamine-morphine anesthesia, 41 Scorbutus, infantile, 109 course, no diagnosis, ill etiology, no hemorrhages in, no morbid anatomy, no results. III symptoms, no treatment, in Scott's dressing, 232 "^ Scurvy, see scorbutus, 109 Scrofula, 113 Selenko-Boborof, operation for spina bifida, 422 Semi-anesthesia, 41 Senn, classification of tumors, 64 dermoids of testicle, 81 Segond's operation for extroversion of bladder, 669 Separation of epiphyses, 276 Septicemia, 126 gangrene in, 127 hyperemia and effects, 127 sources of infection, 126 76) INDEX Septicemia— -Con ftimrdL symptoms, 126 treatment, 127 Sequestrectomy, ao8 Sherman, drainage of hydrocele into pleura, 354 Shock, anesthesia as a cause of, 48, SO athrepsia as a cause of, 47 in bums, 155 diagnosis, 49 drugs in, 51 hemorrhages as a cause of, 47 malnutrition as a cause of, 47 operative trauma as a cause of, 48 other factors as a cause of, 48 treatment, 50 Shoe, for clubfoot, 731 Shoulder, congenital dislocation, 312 treatment, 313 traumatic dislocation, 319 tuberculosis of, 265 Sinus, fistulous as malformation of rectum, 631 Skull, see cranium Smith, Grieg, finding intestinal ob- struction, 596 J. Lewis, formula for inhalation, 491 _ Thomas, on acute arthritis, 210 Spastic paralysis, 407 Spermatic cord, cyst, ^5 hydrocele, 693 torsion of, 689 Sphygmomanometer, 32 Spiller and Frazier, nerve transfer- ence, 407 Spina bifida, 417 anterior, 417, 420 congenital defect in, 417 differential diagnosis, 420 false (occulta), 89, 420 prognosis, 420 treatment, 421 by injection, 422 by operation, 422 by protection, 422 true, 418 varieties of, 419 Spinal abscess, 434 Spinal anesthesia, 41 Spina ventosa, 268 Spine, 417 caries of, 434 Spint-^ ontinued, immobilization in, 443 lateral or rotary lateral curvature of, 424 causes, 424. diagnosis, 429 examination, 429 frequency among girls, 429 kyphosis, 429 lordosis, 429 period of occurrence, 425 prognosis, 430 rotary deviation, 427 treatment, 430 corrective gymnastics, 432 massage and electricity, 434 mechanical support, 431 rest. 432 normal curves of, 423 at birth, 423 in fetus, 423 later form of spine, 424 surgical conditions, 417 tuberculosis of, 434 Splints, 43 for gradual extension of elbow or knee, 259 hospital long hip, 249 Phelps* hip crutch, 250 plaster of Paris, 247 Ridlon's hip, 248 Taylor*s hip, 249 Thomas' hip, 248 knee, 258 long hip, 249 Volkman's, 296 Starvation in relation to shock. 47 Status lymphaticus (lymphatism). 323 anesthesia in, 40 diagnosis, 324 etiology, 323 symptoms, 323 treatment, 324 Stenosis, of esophagus, 563 of intestine, 569 of larynx, chronic, intubation for, 504 diphtheritic, 487 of pylorus, 564 of trachea in thymic asthma, 510, 5" Stemo-clavicular joint, tuberculosis of, 269 Sterno-Mastoid. hermatoma of, 160 in torticollis, 161 INDEX 761 Sternum, dislocation, 320 fracture, 297 tuberculosis of, 270 Stoerk's tonsil hemostat, 466 Stomach, foreign bodies in, 590 washing, 53, 54 Stomatitis mercurial, 124 Stone, in bladder, 670 in kidney, 657 in urethra, 675 Strangulation, internal, 595 operation for obstruction of bowels, 595 symptoms, 595 Struma, 113 Subluxation of radius, 317 Superior maxilla, fracture of, 280 Supernumerary arms, legs, hands or feet, 735 auricles, 720 digits, 735 classification, 736 treatment, 736 ears, 720 testis, 688 Suppression of extremities or parts, 737 Suprapubic lithotomy, 674 Surgical complications of various in- fections of childhood, 147 Suter*s method of uniting tendons, 177 Sutherland and Cheyne, operation for hydrocephalus, 355 » Sutton, on coccygeal tumors, 91 Syndactylism, 737 Synechiae in nares, 451 Synovectomy for tuberculosis of knee joint, 260. Synovitis, teno-, acute, 167 purulent, 167 Synovitis, syphilitic, 213 tubercular, 225 Syringo myelocele, 420 Syphilis, 116 acquired, 116 Colles' law, 117 r condylomata, 118 : cranial bosses, 212 cranio-tabes, 1181213 diagnosis, 1 19 .; from blood. 120 hereditary, 116 Hutchinson's teeth, 120 triad, 120 ': '. 