None
Conductors electrified by rubbing, 13 opaque, 518 Consequent Poles, 117, 120, 382 Constant-current dynamos, 468 voltage dynamos, 467 Contact Electricity, 79, 163 Series of metals, 80 rings, 461 of surfaces, 12 Continuous-alternate transformers, 483 currents, 162 current dynamos, 468 current transformers, 482 electrophorus, 26, 49 Contraction due to magnetism, 124 Control of galvanometer, 209 Convective discharge, 312 Convexion of electricity, 49, 312, 397 currents, 397 induction machines (see In- fluence machines') streams at points, 38, 47, 274, 829 Cooking by electricity, 434 Cooling and heating of junction by current, 419 " Corkscrew Rule," 198 Cost of power derived from elec- tricity, 440 Coulomb, Torsion Balance, 18, 132 Law of Inverse Squares, 19, 129, 132, 261, 270 Coulomb on distribution of charge, 38, 273 Coulomb, the, 162, 354 how many electrostatic units, 262 (footnote) Couple, magnetic, 136 Coupling of alternators, 479 Creeping, stopped by paraffin, 183 magnetic, 368 Crookes, William, on shadows in electric discharge, 321 on repulsion from negative electrode, 327 Crown of cups, 165 Cruickshank's Trough Battery, 180 Crystallization, 69 Crystals, electricity of, 74, 75 dielectric properties of, 297 magnetism of, 378 Gumming, James, invents galvan- ometer, 200 thermo-electric inversion, 423 Cuneus' discovery of Leyden jar, 60 Curbing telegraphic signals, 302 Current, effects due to, 167 Electricity, 162 strength of, 171, 190 unit of, 162, 207 Current, is the magnetic whirl, 202 balance, 396, and Appendix B sheets, 410 Currents, very large, measurement of, 412 Curvature affects surface-density, 38, 274 Curve-tracer, 368 Curves, magnetic (see Magnetic figures) Curves of magnetization, 364 characteristic of dynamos, 466 Cutlibertson, John, his electric machine, 41 Cycles of magnetization, 368 of alternate currents, 470 Cylinder Electrical machine, 42 DAILY variations of compass, 156 Damping galvanometers, 219 Darnell, John F., his cell, 181, 184 D'Arsonval. galvanometers, 216 Davy's (Marit) Battery, 193 Davy, Sir Humphry, magnetiza- tion by current, 381 discovers electric light, 448 electrolyses caustic alkalies, 490 (C) INDEX 623 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Discharge affected by magnet, 822 brush, 319, 824 by evaporation, 251 by flame, 8, 314 by points, 47, 819, 329 by water dropping, 384 conductive, 310 convective, 47. 312 disruptive, 31 i effects of, 47, 315, 316, 317 glow, 319, 3-29 (footnote) limit of, 273 oscillatory, 515 sensitive state of, 322 striated, 320 through gas at low voltage, 322 velocity of, 323 Discharger, Discharging-tongs, 59 Universal, 62 Disk armature, 468 Displacement, electric, 57 currents, 516 Disruption, electrification by, 68 Dissectible Leyden jar, 63 Dissipation of Charge, 826 Dissociated gases conduct, 322 Distillation, electric, 251 Distribution of Electricity, 31 to 38, 273, 274 of Magnetism, 117, 134 Distribution by transformers, 480 Distribution of energy, 440 Distortion of dynamo-field, 468 Divided circuits, 409 Touch, 101 Dolbear, A. E., his telephone, 299, 510 Doubler, the, 26, 49 Double refraction by electric stress, 524, 525 Double Touch, 102 Dreh-strom, 485 Drop of voltage in mains, 412, 447 Dry cells, 184, 189, 193 Dry-Pile, 193, 291 Du Bois, limit of magnetization, 368 measurement of permeability, 36fi Duboscq, Jules, his lamp, 449 Du Fay's experiments, 5, 80 Duplex Telegraphy, 302, 503 Duration of Spark, 323 Dust, allaying, 54 Duter on Electric Expansion. Dynamos, 461 as motors, 443, 463 Dynamometer, 394 Dyne, the (unit of force), 281 EARTH, the, a magnet, 95 currents, 302 electrostatic capacity of, 303 intensity of magnetization, 365 magnetic force in absolute units, 361 used as return wire, 497 Earth's magnetism (see Terrestrial Magnetism) Earth, potential, 269 Ebert, H., on oscillations, 522 Eddy-currents, 457, 477, 486 Edison, Thomas Alva, electric lamp, 452 carbon telephone, 511 meter for currents, 244, 442 quadruplex telegraphy, 503 Edlund on galvanic expansion, 249 Eel, electric (Gymnotus), 76 Efficiency of transmission, 447 of dynamos, 464 of motors, 445 of transformers, 481 Electric Air-Thermometer, 317 Cage, 37 Candle, 451 Clocks, 509 Displacement, 57 Distillation, 251 Egg, the, 232, 820 Expansion, 300 Field, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 262, 279, 299, 524, 525 Force, 169 (footnote], 266 (Fractional) machines, 42 Fuze, 316, 429, 432 Images, 275 Kite, 329 Light, 448 Lines of Force, 13, 16, 20, 22, J, 24, Mill or Fly, 47 Oscillations, 515 Osmo&J, 250 Pistol, 316 Shadows, 321 Shock, 254 Stress, 13, 16, 20, 279 Waves, 515 Wind, 47, 324 Electrics, 2 Electricity, theories of, 7, 327 word first used, 2 (footnote) Electro-capillary phenomena, 253 Electro-chemical Depolarization, ISO equivalents, 240, 489 power of metals, 489 Electro-chemistry, 487 deposition, 494 Electrodes, 236 unpolarizable, 257 Electrodynamics, 889 Electrodynamometer, 394 Electrolysis, 237, 487 in discharge, 322 laws of, 240, 490 of copper sulphate, 288 of water, 236, 487 theory of, 491 Electrolytes, 236, 487 Electrolytic condenser, 492 convexion, 491 Electromagnet, alternate current, 477 Electromagnets, 107, 381 laws of, 380 calculations for, 375, 376 (and see p. 595) Electromagnetic engines (see Mo- tors) Electromagnetic systems, law of, 204, 379 system of units, 352 theory of Light, 517 waves, 515 Electromagnetics, 337 Electromagnetism, 337 Electrometallurgy, 494 Electrometer, absolute, 287 attracted-disk, 287 capillary, 253, 292 Dellmann's, 286 Peltier's, 286, 83<< portable, 287 quadrant (Lord Kelvin's), 288 repulsion, 286 torsion, 18 trap-door, 287 Electromotive-force, 169, 487 induced, 222 measurement of, 416 unit of, 354 Electromotive intensity, 266, 283 Electromotors, 443, 484 Electro-Optics, 524 Electrophorus, 26 continuous, 26, 49 Electroplating, 496 INDEX 625 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Electroplating, dynamos for, 462 Electroscopes, 14 Sennet's srold-leaf, 16. 28 Bohnenberger's, 16, 291 Fechner's, -291 Gilbert's straw-needle, 15 Hanhel's, 291 Henley's quadrant, 17 Pith-ball, 3, 4 Volta's condensing, 79 Electioscopic powders, 31, 47, 299, 324 Electrostatic Optical Stress, 525 voltmeter, 290 Electrostatics, 8, 259 Electrotyping, 495 Element of Current, 344 Elwell- Parker alternator, 478 End-on method, 138 Energy, 1, 64 of magnetic field, 202 of charge of Leyden jar, 305 of electric current, 435 paths, 518 points in circuit where it is lost or gained, 248, 436 supply and measurement of, Equator, Magnetic, 86 Equipotential surfaces, 267 magnetic, 337 (f) Equivalents, electro-chemical, 240 Erg, the (unit of work), 281 Ether, 1, 7, 64, 517 Evaporation produces electrification, 71, 330 discharge by, 251 Everett, James D., on atmospheric electricity, 334 on exact reading of galvan- ometer, 214 (footnote) on intensity of magnetization of earth, 365 Swing, James A., on limit of mag- netization, 363 curves of magnetization, 364 theory of magnetism, 127 Exchanges, telephone, 513 Excitation of Field-magnets, 465 Exciting power, 377 Expansion, electric, 300, 525 Extra-current, 459 FAILTTEK and exhaustion of bat- teries, 172 Fall of potential along a wire, 289, 412 23 Farad, the (unit of capacity), 803, 354 Faraday , Michael, molecular theory of electricity, 7 chemical theory of cell, 178 dark discharge, 319 diamagnetism, 369, 373, 374 discovered inductive capacity, 25, 296, 298 discovery of magneto-induc- tion, 222 Disk machine, 227 electromagnetic rotation, 393 experiment on dielectric po- larization, 299 gauze-bag experiment, 84 hollow-cube experiment, 84 ice-pail experiment, 87 laws of electrolysis, 240, 242 length of spark, 313 Magnetic lines-of-force, 119 magnetism in crystals, 373 on Arago's rotations, 457 on dissipation of charge, 314 on electrodynamics, 392 on identity of different kinds of electricity, 245, 246, 316 predicted retardation in ca- bles, 301 Eing, 228 rotation of plane of polarized light, 526 voltameter, 242 Faure, Camille, his Secondary Bat- tery, 492 Favre's experiments on heat of currents, 428 Fechner's electroscope, 291 Feddersen, W., on electric oscilla- tions, 514 Feeders, 440 Ferromagnetic substances, 369 Field, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 262, 279, 299, 525 magnetic, 115, 202, 337, 462, 526 Field-magnet, 462 Field-magnets, excitation of, 465 Field-plate, 50 Figures, magnetic (see Magnetic Figures) electric, 31, 299, 324 Filament of incandescent lamps, 452 Filings for mapping fields, 121 Fire of St. "Flashing" filaments, 452 Fleming and Dewar, resistance at low temperature, 404 Fleming, John Ambrose, his Bat- tery, 193 rule as to direction of E.M.F., 226 Flux, magnetic, 142, 337, 3fi3, 377 density, 363 (footnote) Fontana on electric expansion, 300 Force, electric, 169 (footnote). 266. 276, 277 electromotive (see Electromo- tive-force) magnetic, 91, 169 (footnote), 337 near a straight conductor, 207, 343 on conductor in field, 340, 341 Form, effect of, on retentivity, 98 on lifting power, 114 " Forming" accumulator plates, 492 Foster, George Carey, his evalua- tion of ohm, 358 method of testing, 415 Foucault, Leon, his Kegulator Lamp, 449 Interrupter, 229 Foucault-currents (see Eddy -cur- rents) Franklin, Benjamin, discovered ac- tion of points, mentioned in, 88 (C), 47, 329 cascade arrangement of Ley- den jars, 309 Electric chimes, 47 Electric kite, 329 Electric portraits, 317 his charged pane of glass, 55 invents lightning conductors, 329, 332 kills turkey by electric shock, 254 One-fluid theory of electri- city, 7 on seat of charge, 63 theory of the aurora, 336 Frankfort, transmission of power to, 447, 48o (footnote) " Free " electricit", 27, 79 (footnote) Frequency, 470, 176 of 6sci:iationa, 515, 520 Friction produces electrification, 2, 12 Frog's legs, contractions of, 163, 255 Frolich, Otto, on electromagnet, 580 Froment's motor, 443 Fuel, zinc as, 166 Fuses, 316, 429, 432 Fusing of wires, 429 "G" of galvanometer, 213 Galvani, Aloysius. observed move- ments of frog's leg, 163 on preparation of frog's limbs, on Animal Electricity, 257 Galvanic Batteries (see Voltaic Bat- teries) Electricity (see Current Elec- tricity) Taste, 254 Galvanism (see Current Electri- city) Galvanometer, 208 absolute, 213 astatic, 211, 215 ballistic, 218, 418 constant of, 213 damping of, 219 D'Arsonval's, 216 dead beat, 219 differential. 217, 411 Du Bois Reymond's, 257 reflecting (Lord Kelvin's), or mirror, 215 sine, 214 tangent, 212 Von Helmholtz's, 212 (foot- note) Galvanoplastic (see Electrotyping) Galvanoscope, 199 Gas Battery, 493 Gases, dissociated, conduct, 322 resistance of, 171, 314, 322 Gassiot, J. P., on striae, 322, 327 Gaugain, Jean Mothee, on Pyroelectrieity, 74 Tangent Galvanometer, 212 (footnote) Gauss, C. F., invented absolute measurement, 352 magnetic force of the earth, 361 magnetic observations, 365 on magnetic shell, 348 Gay-Lussac, on atmospheric elec- tricity, 334 Geissler's tubes, 320 Generators of alternate currents, 473 continuous currents, 463 Gernez on electric distillation, 251 Gibson and Barclay on dielectric capacity of paraffin, 297 INDEX 627 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Gilbert, Dr. William, discovers electrics, 2 discovered magnetic reaction. 91 discovers that the earth is a magnet, 95, 150 heat destroys magnetism, 109 his balanced - needle electro- scope, 15 his terrella, 95 observation of moisture, 10 observations on magnets, 86 on de - electrifying power of flame, 814 on magnetic figures, 119 on magnetic substances, 92 on magnetic permeability, 97 on methods of magnetization, 105, 106 Glass, a conductor when hot, 31 Globular lightning, 331 Glow Discharge, 319, 329 (footnote} lamps, 452 Gold-leaf Electroscope (see Electro- scope) Gordon, J. E. H., on magneto-optic rotatory power, 526 on dielectric capacity, 297, 298 on length of spark, 313 Gramme, Zenobe TMophile, his ring-armature, 463 Gravity Battery, 187 Gray, Andrew, Absolute Measure- ments in E. and M., 136 (footnote), 287 (footnote), 396 (footnote) Gray, Stephen, discovers conduc- tion, 30 on lightning, 329 Grid of accumulator, 492 Grotthus? theory, 172, 491 Grouping of arc lamps, 450 cells, 192, 407 glow-lamps, 453 Grove, Sir William R.t his Gas Battery, 493 Grove's Battery, 182 magnetic experiment, 124 on electric property of flame, 314 Guard-ring, Guard-plate, 273, 287 Guericke, Otto von, discovered electric repulsion, 4 invents electric machine, 41 observes electric sparks, 11 Gunpowder fired by electricity, 316, 317, 432 Guthrie, Frederick, effect of heat on discharge, 314 heating of kathode in water, 433 Gymnotus (electric eel), 76, 246 HALF deflexion method, 417 Hall, Edward H.. his effect, 397 Hankel, Wilhelm G., his electro- scope, 291 Hardening of steel, 108 Harris, Sir W. Snow, his unit Levden jar, 2S5 attracted -'disk electrometer, 287 on length of spark, 818 Hauksbee, Francis, on thunder- storms, 329 Haiiy, The AIM, his astatic method, 201 Heat and resistance, 426, 439 of combination, 488 effect of, on magnets, 109, 111 " batteries, 194 Geissler tube, 820 " resistance, 404 emission, 386, 429 Heat, unequal action of, on + and — charges, 314, 327 Heating of coils, 886, 429 Heating effects of currents, 182, 426, 439 due to magnetization, 124, 368 effect of sparks, 817 dielectric stress, 299 local, at electrodes, 491 Heaviside, Oliver, reluctance, 375 (footnote) on energy paths, 518 on quadruples telegraphy, 497 Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, on effect of current on sight, 254 Electrolytic convexion, 491 Equations of self-induction. 460 Galvanometer, 212 (footnote) Hemihedry in crystals, 75 Henry, Joseph, invented the " soun- der," 497 on induced currents of higher orders, 455 Henry, the. 354, 454, 458 Hertz, Heinrich, on effect of ultra- violet waves, 313, 581 628 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Hertz, Heinrich, kathode rays, 321 researches on electric waves. 520 Heydweiller, on length of spark, 318 Hittorf, on discharge, 322 High frequency, 476, 515, 520 Holtz, W,, his electric machine, 53 on electric shadows, 321 on tubes having unilateral resistance, 32T Hopkinson, John, on dielectric ca- pacity of glass, 29T on residual charge and its return, 299 on magnetization, 364 his characteristic curves, 466 Horizontal component of magnetism, 136, 153, 361 Horse-power and watts, 435 Hot glass, a conductor, 31 Hughes , David Edward, the Print- ing Telegraph, 497 the Microphone, 512 magnetic balance, 140 induction balance, 514 Humboldt, Alexander von, on elec- tric eels, 76 discovers galvanic smell, 254 produced electric contractions in fishes, 255 Hunter, Dr. John, on effect of cur- rent on sight, 254 Hydroelectric machine. 48 Hysteresis, 867, 368 IDIOSTATIC method of using volt- meter, 290 Images, electric, 275 Impedance, 472 (Impedance) coils, 474 Incandescent lamps, 452 Inclination (or Dip), 152 variation of, 155 Index Notation, 355 Inductance, 458 Induced charges of electricity, 22 currents, 222 Induction (electrostatic) of charges, (see Influence) (magnetic) lines of, 96 (magnetic) of magnetism, 96 (magneto-electric) of cur- rents, 222 (volta-electric) of currents by currents (see Self induc- tion, Mutual induction) Induction, the, meaning the internal magnetization, 863 (foot- note) Induction-coil or Inductoriuni, 229 Induction-convexion machines, 49 Inductive-capacity, specific, 25, 56, 295, 299 Inertia, electromagnetic, 458 Influence, 22 Influence-machine, 49-54 Insulators, 10, 30, 405 Intensity of current, 190 (footnote) of earth's magnetic force, 153, 858, 861 of magnetic field, 388 of magnetization, 365 Internal resistance, 171, 406, 417 of armatures, 462 International ohm, 858 "Inverse" and "direct" currents, 223 Inverse Squares, Law of, 19, 129, 148, 261, 270 Inversion, Thermo-electric, 423 Ions, 239 Ironclad magnet, 883 Iron, properties of, 362 Iron rods red hot in water, 488 Isoclinic lines, 154 Isogonic lines, 154 Isolated, 271 JABLOCHKOFF, PAUL, his battery, 198 electric candle, 451 Jacobi, Moritz Hermann, on local action, 174 discovers galvanoplastic pro- cess, 495 his boat propelled by electri- city, 443 on electromagnet, 880 theory of electromotors, 443 Jar. Ley den. 59 " ' capacity of, 58, 294, 304 " cascade arrangement of, 309 " discharge of, 59, 310, 515 discovery of, 60 " energy of charge of, 305 " seat of charge of, 63 " spark of, 318, 823 " theory of, 294 Unit, 285 INDEX C29 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Jenkin, Fleeming, on cable as con- denser, 301 on retardation in cables, 323 Joints in magnetic circuit, 378 Joule, James Prescott, on effects of magnetization, 124 evaluation of ohm, 358 Law of heat of current, 427, 439 limit of magnetization, 363 magnetic circuit, 375 Mechanical equivalent of heat, 439,488 on atmospheric electricity, 333 on lifting-power of electro- magnet, 384 Joule effect, 420 Joule, the, 354, 439 KAPP, GlSBERT, on magnetic circuit, 377 Kathode, 170, 236 Kathodic " rays," 821 Kation, 239, 491 Keeper, 108 Kelvin, Lord (Sir William Thom- son) Attracted-disk Electrometer, 79, 287 Compass, 149 Current Balances, 396 Divided ring Electrometer, 79 Electric convexion of heat (Thomson effect), 424 Evaluation of ohm, 358 " "t>,"359 Modified Daniell's cell, 187 on atmospheric electricity, 333 on electric images, 275 on electrostatics, 287 (foot- note) on length of spark, 313 on nomenclature of magnetic poles, 89 (footnote) on sounds in condensers, 299 predicts electric oscillations, 515 proof of contact electricity, 79 Quadrant Electrometer, 288 Eeplenisher (or Mouse Mill), 49, 287, 288 Thermo-electric diagram, 424 Water-dropping Collector, 334 Kerr, Dr. John, Electro-optic dis- coveries, 300, 525 Kerr, Dr. John, Magneto-optic dis- coveries, 125, 366, 527 Kerr's effect, 527 Kinnersley, Elijah, Electric Ther- mometer, 317 Kirchhoff, Gustav. Laws of Branched Circuits, 409 Kite, the electric, 329 Kohlrausch, Friederich, on resid- ual charge, 299 on electro-chemical equivalent, 240 on evaluation of ohm, 858 Kundt, August, his effect, 528 LAG and lead, 472 Lagging of magnetization, 368 Lamellar magnetization, 118 Laminated magnets, 104 Lamination of cores, 457, 468, 477, 480 Lamps, arc, 449 Lamps, incandescent, 452 Langley, S. P., his bolometer, 404 Law, cell, 180 Laws of electrolysis, 490 of inverse squares, 19, 129, 148, 261, 270 of electro-magnetic system, 204, 879 Lead, used in accumulators, 492 no Thomson-effect in, 424 Lead and lag, in phase, 472 Lead of brushes, 463 Leakage, magnetic, 877 photoelectric, 531 rate of electric, 326 Le Bailliff, diamagnetism, 369 Leclanche, Georges, his cell, 184 Lemonnier discovers atmospheric electricity, 338 Lenard, Philipp, aluminium " win- dow," 321 Length of spark, 813 Lenz's Law, 456 Lenz on electromagnet, 880 Leyden jar, 55 prevention of piercing spark, 62 oscillatory discharge of, 615 resonance between two, 517 seat of charge in, 63 Leydens (see Condenser$) Lichtenberg's figures, 824 Life of Lamps, 452 Lifting-power of magnets, 118, 114 of electromagnets, 384 «J30 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Light affects resistance, 529 affects a magnet, 524 Electric, 483 Electromagnetic theory of, 1, 518 polarized, rotated by magnet, 125, 526, 527, 528 velocity of, 359, 518 Lightning, 11, 329, 331 Lightning conductors, 35, 332 duration of, 323, 331 best methods of protection from, 332 Limit of heating of electromagnet, 386 magnetization, 363 Lines-of-force, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 268 magnetic, 96, 119, 337 Line-integral, 341 (footnote} Lippmann, G., Capillary Electro- meter, 253, 292 Liquids as conductors, 234, 490, 518 resistance of, 403, 404 Liquid condensers, 492 " Local Action " in batteries, 178 Locomotion, electric, 446 Lodestone. 84 Lodge, Oliver, on resonance, 517 his oscillator, 521 his detector or coherer, 521 London, city of. Central Station, 478 " Long " and " short " coils for mag- nets, 386 Long and short coil instruments, 408 Lorenz, L., on evaluation of ohm, 358 Loss of charge, 326, 531 Louis XV. electrifies 700 monks, 254 Lulliris experiment, 315 Luminous effects of spark, 318 MACHINE, Electric, 42 alternate-current, 478 cylinder, 42 dvnarno-electric, 461 fioltz's, 53 hydro-electrical, 48 influence, 49 magneto-electric, 461 plate, 43 Toepler's or Voss, 51 Wimshurst, 52 Winter's, 43 Magne-crystallic action, 373 Magnet, breaking a, 116 Magnets, natural and artificial, 84, 85 Magnetic actions of current, 195, 338, 389 attraction and repulsion, 88, 121, 389 cage, 97 creeping, 368 Magnetic circuit, 375 field, 115, 202, 389 " rotatory, 485, 486 figures, 119, 120, 121, 202, 389 " theory of, 142 flux, 337, 377 flux density, 363 (footnote') force, 91, 337 (a) " measurement of, 130 hysteresis, 367, 368, 464 induction, 96, 363 (footnote) iron-ore, 84 lag, alleged, 368 lines-of-force, 96, 119, 120, 121, 349, 362, 373, 377, 389, 464 lines-of-force of current, 202, 389 maps, 154 meridian, 151 metals, 93. 3G2, 369 model (Swing's), 127 moment, 135. 346, 361 needle, 87, 149 oxide of iron, 84, 183 (foot- note) paradox, a, 143 permeability, 96, 363, 366, 518 pole, unit, 141,352 potential, 337. 347, 348 proof-plane, 232 saturation, 112,363 " Beets, on, 126 screen, 97 shell, 118, 203, 337 (h), 348 " force due to, 345 " potential due to, 348 storms, 158, 336 substances, 92, 362, 369 susceptibility, 365 units, 352 writing, 122 Magnetism, 84 action of, on light, 125, 126 destruction of, 109 distribution of, 117 lamellar, 118 laws of, 89, 128, 387 of gases, 370, 374 INDEX 631 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Magnetism, permanent, 98 phenomenon of rotation, 526 residual, 112, 364 soleuoidal, 118, 347 temporary, 93, 112 terrestrial, 95, 150 theories of, 99, 126, 526 unit of, 141, 352 Magnetite, 84 Magnetization, anomalous, 373 • coefficient of (see Suscepti- bility) cycles of, 367, 368 intensity of, 365 lamellar, 118 mechanical effects of, 124 methods of, 100-107 solenoidal, 118, 847 sound of, 124, 510 time needed for, 388 Magneto-electricity, 82, 222, 461 Magneto-electric machines, 461 Magnetographs, 160 Magnetometer, 137 self-registering, 160 Magnetomotive-force, 341, 375 Magneto-optic Kotations, 524 Magnets, see also electromagnet action of light on, 524 artificial, 85 compound, 104 forms of, 103 lamellar, 118 laminated, 104, 477 methods of making, 100-107 natural, 84, 103 power of, 114 unvarying, 110 Mance, Sir Henry, his method, 417 Manganese steel, 363 Manganin, 404 Maps, magnetic, 154 Mariner's Compass, 149 Marked pole, 88 Marum heating by discharge, 817 Mascart, E., on atmospheric elec- tricity, 335 Matteucci, Carlo, on physiological effects, 76, 256 on electromotive - force in muscle, 257 Maynooth Battery (see Callan's Battery) Maxwell, James Clerk, Electro- magnetic theory of light, 897, 518 Law of alternate currents, 473 Maxwell, James Clerk, Law of electromagnetic system, 204, 349, 37U measurement of " V," 359 on Electric Images, 275 on protection from lightning, 35,832 on residual charge of jar, 299 rule for action of current on magnet, 204, 849 Theorem of equivalent Mag- netic shell, 203, 351 Theory of Magnetism, 126 Measurement of capacity, 418 of currents, 221, 395, 412 of E.M.F.,416 of internal resistance, 417 of magnetic forces, 180 of mutual induction, 454 of permeability, 366 of power, 437 of resistance, 411, 412 of self-induction, 458 Mechanical depolarization, 180 effects of discharge, 47, 315 " of magnetization, 124 " in dielectric, 299, 625 Medical Applications of Electricity, 258 Medium, action in, 5, 18, 279 elasticity and density of, 860 enurgy paths in, 519 velocity of waves, in, 359, 518 Mega-, 854 Megohm, 354 Meidinger's Battery, 187 Mellom, Macedonia, his therm'o- pile, 425 Menden/iall, T. C., U. S. Geodetic Survey, 155 Meridian, Magnetic, 151 Metallo-chromy, 490 Metals, electro-chemical powor of; 489 electro-deposition of, 494 refining by electricity, 494 specific resistance of, 403 Meter Bridge, 415 Meters, 442 Metric system, the, 280 Mho, the, 402 Mica, dielectric capacity of, 296 Micro-, 854 Microfarad, the, 283, 854 condenser, 303 Microphone, the, 512 Milli-, 354 032 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Milli-ampere, 354 Mimosa, tne electric behaviour of, 256 Minotto's cell, 187 Mirror Galvanometer, 215 Molecular action of magnetism, 126 actions of current, 249 theory of Electric action, 7 Moment of Couple, 136 Moment of circular coil, 346 of inertia, 361 magnetic, 135, 361 Morse, Samuel F. B., his Telegraph instrument, 499 Morse Alphabets, the, 499a Mordey's alternator, 478 Motion, law of, in magnetic field, 2Q4, 379 Motor-dynamos, 482 Motors, 443 alternate-current, 484 Moulton, John Fletcher, on sensi- tive state, 322 Mouse-mill (see Replenisher) Miiller, Johannes, on strength of electromagnets, 380 Multicellular voltmeter, 290 Multiplier, Schweigger' s, 200 Muscular contractions, 255, 257 Musschenbroek, Peter van, dis- covery of Leyden jar, 60 on Magnetic Figures, 121 Mutual induction, 454 potential, 351 NAPOLEON IIl.'s cell, 193 Navigation, electric, 443 Needle, magnetic, 87 telegraph, 498 Negative electrification, 5, 327 Network mains, 440 Neutralizing brush, 50 Newton, Sir Isaac, observations on action and reaction, 91 his lodestone, 114 suggests electric origin of lightning, 11, 329 suggests glass for electric machines, 41 Niagara Falls, transmission of power from, 447 Niaudet, Alfred, his cell, 184 Nickel, 93, 364 Nobili, Leopoldo, on muscular con- tractions, 76 on currents of animal elec- tricity, 257 discovers Nobili's rings, 490 Non-conductors, 10, 405 Non-electrics, 3 North and south, 89, 150 magnetic pole, the, 89, 150 Null methods. 210, 289, 411 (c), 413, 416 (6), 417 (e), 418 (d) OBLIQUE currents, laws of, 390 Oersted, Hans Christian, discovers magnetic action of current, 195, 196, 202 Ohm, Dr. Peltier effect, 420 Penetrative power of discharge, 815 Periodic current, 470 Periodicity (see Frequency} of aurora and magnetic storms, 158, 159, 336 Permeability, 96, 363, 518 measurement of, 366 Perry, John, his meter, 442 Persistence (see Time-constant) Phase, 470, 472 Phosphorescence caused by dis- charge, 820, 821 Photo-chemical excitation, 580 Photographic plate affected by dis- charge, 324 Photophone, 529 Photo-voltaic property of selenium, 529 Physiological actions, 254, 325 Piercing glass, prevention of, 62 Piezo-electricity, 75 Plane, the proof-, 32 for magnetism, 282 Plante, Gaston, secondary cells, 492 globular lightning, 331 Plants, electricity of, 77, 256 Plate condenser, 56, 295, 304 electrical machine, 43 Platinoid, 404 Plucker, Julius, on diamagnetism, etc., 370, 373 Poggendorff, J. C., his cell, 180 method of measuring E.M.F., 416 Points, density of charge on, 88, 274 discharge at, 42, 45, 46, 47, 274, 329 Poisson, magne-crystallic action, 373 Polarity, diamagnetic, 869 magnetic, 90, 116, 126 Polarization (electrolytic) in battery cells, 175, 487 of Voltameter, 487, 492 remedies for, 180 rotation of plane of, 526 et seq. Polarized mechanism, 387 relay, 501 Poles of magnets, 86, 184 of pyroelectric crystals, 74 of voltaic battery, 168 Polyphase currents, 485 Porous cell, 180 Porret's phenomenon, 250 Portable electrometer, 287 Portative force, 114 Post-Office Bridge, 415 relay, 501 Positive and negative electrification, 5,327 Potential, electric, 40, 263 " zero, 40, 264 of conducting sphere, 269 galvanometers, 220 magnetic, 337, 347, 848 " due to current, 851 mutual, of two circuits, 852, 857 Potential-divider nul method, 418 Potentiometer, 416 Pouillet, Claude S. M., sine galvan- ometer, 214 tangent galvanometer, 212 Powdered metals, conduction of, 400 sensitiveness to sparks, 521 Powders, electroscopic, 81, 47, 299, Power, 485 transmission of, 447 Power-houses. 440 Poynting, John Henry, on energy- paths, 519 Practical units, 354 Preece, William Henry, telegraphy, 497 Pressure produces electrification, 75 effect on electrolysis, 490 (voltage), 169 Priestley, Joseph, on electric ex- pansion, 300 on influence, 26 (footnote) Prime conductor, 42 Printing telegraphs, 497 Proof-plane, 32 magnetic, 232 Protoplasm, electric property of, 256 Pyroelectricity, 74 Pyrometer, 404 QUADRANT electrometer (Lord Kel- vin's), 288 electroscope (Henley's), 17 Quadruplex telegraphy, 508 "Quantity" arrangement of cells, etc., 192, 407 of electricity, unit of, 21, 262, 354 Quartz fibre, 299 Quartz, no residual charge from, 299 as insulator, 30, 299 Quetelet, E., on atmospheric eleo* tricky, °°° OOE ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Quincke, Oeorg, on diaphragm currents, 252 on electric expansion, 300 on electro-optic phenomena, 525 Quinine, use of, for mapping fields, 299 RADIANT state of matter, 321 Radio-micrometer, 425 Rate of chanpe of current, 454, 472 (footnote) Ratio of electrostatic to electro- magnet units, 283, 359 Ray, electric (torpedo), 76 Rays, kathodic, 321 current balance, 396 Rayleigh, Lord, determination of ohm, 358 Reactance, 473 Reciprocal accumulation, 49 Recording instruments, 160, 334 Redistribution of charge, 39 Reduction of metals, 494 Reflecting galvanometer, 215 Reflexion of electric waves, 520 Refractive index, 518 Registering magnetographs and elec- trometers, 160, 334 Reis, Philipp, invention of tele- phone, 510 Relays, 501 Reluctance, 375 Reluctivity, 375 (footnote) Remanence, 367 Replenisher, 49, 287, 288 Repulsion and attraction of electri- fied bodies, 2, 4, 22, 24, 74, 262 and attraction, experiments on, 47 and attraction of currents, 338, 389, 394 and attraction of magnets, 84, 88 Repulsion electrometers, 286 Residual charge of Leyden jar, 61, 299 Residual charge of cable, 301 of Voltameter, 492 magnetism, 112, 127, 367 Resinous electricity, 5 Resistance and heat, 426 Resistance, 30, 171, 400, 426 affected by temperature, 404 light, 529 " magnetism, 397 " sound, 512 Resistance, as a velocity, 357 bridge or balance, 413 coils, 414 internal, of cell, 192, 407, 417 internal, of cell, measurement of, 417 laws of, 400 magnetic, 375 measurement of, 411 et sea. -' s, 171,322 of glow lamps, 452 of human body, 255 of liquids, 171, 403 of vacuum, 321 specific, 403 to alternate currents, 476 units of, 852 et seq. Resistivity, 402 Resonance, 517 Resonator, 520 Resultant magnetic force, 115 Retardation* of currents through cables, 301, 323, 505 Retentivity (magnetic), 98, 367 Return shock or stroke, 29, 331 Reversal of influence machines, 53 Reversibility of processes in circuit, 248, 436 Reversing-switch, 230, 498 Reymond, Du Bois, his galvan- ometer, 257 on animal electricity, 257 unpolarizable electrodes, 257 Rheostats, 400 Rheometer, "] Rheoscope, !- see footnote to 208 Rheotrope, J Riess, Peter, on electric distribution, on length of spark, 313 electric thermometer, 317 Ritchie, magnetic circuit, 375 his motor, 443 Ritter, Johann W'lhelm, on action of current ou sight, 254 his secondary pile, 492 on subjective galvanic sounds, 254 on the sensitive plant, 256 Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad, his rays, 327 a Rolling friction, 12, 73 Romagnosi, Dr discovers magnetic action 01 current, 195 Romas, Df, his electric kite, 329 Ronalds, Sir Francis, invented a telegraph, 497 INDEX 635 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Serrin, Victor, his lamp, 449 Shadows, electric, 47 in partial vacuum, 321 Sheet conductor, flow of electricity in, 410 Shell, magnetic, 118, 203, 850 potential due to, 848 Shielding, magnetic, 97 Shock, electric, 254, 325 Shunt, 215, 409 coil in arc lamps, 449 dynamo, 465 Shuttle armature, 461 Siemens, Alexander, on length of spark, 313 Siemens. Werner, on dynamos, 461 mercury unit, 358 electrodynamoineter, 395 shuttle- wound armature, 461. heating in Leyden jar, 299 Sight affected by current, 254 Silurus, the, 76 Sine galvanometer, 214 Sine law, 476 Single-fluid cells, 180 Single-needle instrument, 498 Single touch, 100 Siphon recorder, 506 Skew-symmetry of crystals, 75 Skin effect, 476 Skin, E.M.F. in the, 257 Smee, Alfred, his Battery, 180 Smith, Frederick John, effect on photographic plate, 324 Smith, Willoughby, on selenium, 529 Soap-bubble, electrified, 4 Sodium by electrolysis, 490 Solenoid arc lamps, 449 Solenoid, 385 magnetizing force of, 341 Solid angles, 148 (Appendix A) Solidification, 69 Sound of magnetization, 124, 510 Sounder, the, 497 Sources of electricity, 12, 65 Spark, 11, 46, 47, 810 duration of, 328 length of, 48, 313, 329 Sparking at commutator, 463 Specific resistance, 403 inductive capacity, 25, 56, 295, 299 Rotation of plane of polarization, 526 Rotations, electromagnetic, 393 Arago's, 457 Rotatory magnetic field, 485 Roughness of surface as depolarizer, 180 Rowland, Henry A., on electric convexion, 897 on magnetic circuit, 875 Rucker, Arthur William, on ration- alization of dimensions, 360 Rucker and. Thorpe, magnetic sur- vey, 154 Ruhmkorjf's electromagnet, 369 induction coil, 229 coil, mutual induction of, 454 ST. ELMO'S FIRE, 329 (footnote} Safety-fuses, 429 Salts" electrolysis of, 238, 490 Sanderson, J. Burdon, on electric sensitiveness of carnivorous plants, 256 Saturation, magnetic, 112, 363 et seq. Savery, 85 Sawdust battery, 187 Schallenberger's meter, 442 Schuckert, ammeter, 221 Schuster, Arthur, on electrolysis of gases, 322 Schweigger's multiplier, 200 Screening, magnetic, 96 inductive, 514 of eddy-currents, 457, 514 Secohm, 458 Secondary actions in electrolysis, 490 Secondary batteries, 492 Secular variations of magnetic ele- ments, 155 Seebeck, Thomas Johann, effect, 419 Selenium, photo-electric properties of, 529 resistance of, 403 (table), 529 Self-exciting influence machine, 50 dynamo, 462 Self-induction, 458, 472 in electric discharge, 515 Self-recording instruments, 160, 334 Semaphore, Henley's, 17 Sensitive plant, behaviour of, 256 Series, arc lamps in, 450 capacities in, 308 cells in, 168, 406 dynamos, 465 resistances in, 406 Speed of motor, 444 of signalling, 301, 802, 838 636 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Sphere, distribution of charge over, 88, 273 et seq. potential of, 2tW, 271 capacity of, 271 Spiral shortens itself, 390 Spottiswoode, William, on striae, 322 Square root of mean square, 471 Standard cells, 188 effect of temperature on, 194 Standards, 354 Steel hardening, 108 Steel, properties of, 362 facing, 495 Stewart, Balfour, on atmospheric electricity, 385 on magnetic storms, 158 Storms, magnetic, 159 Straight conductor force near, 207, 343 Strain, dielectric, 64, 299,- 525 Strength of current, 171, 190, 354 of current in magnetic mea- sure, 206, 207, 353 et seq. of dielectric, 299,311 of magnet pole, 112, 352 of magnetic shell, 348 Stress, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 63, 279, 299, 311, 525 electric, optical effect of, 525 magnetic, 119, 340, 389 Striae in vacuum tubes, 320, 322 Sturgeon, William, his commuta- tor, 461 electro-magnets, 881 on magnetic circuit, 375 induction coil, 229 Submarine telegraphs, 504 Sucking-magnet, 385 Sulphur as depolarizer, 185 Sulphuretted hydrogen, iron nega- tive to copper in, 80 Sulzer's experiment, 254 Supply meters, 442 Surface contact, 12 density of charge, 38, 273 limit of, 273 of magnetism, 134, 337 Surgical applications, 258 Susceptibility, 365 Suspended-coil galvanometers, 216 Swammerdam's frog experiment, 255 Swan's incandescent lamp, 452i Symmer, on two kinds of electrifica- tion, 5 Synchronizing, 479 TAIT, PETER GUTHRIE, electrifica- tion by evaporation of sul- phate of copper solution, 71 heating of iron electrode, 433 thermo-electric diagram, 424 Tangent galvanometer, 212 of angle of lag, 473 Tapper, 498 Taste affected by current, 254 Telegraph, electric, 497 Bain's chemical, 246 Morse's instrument, 499 needle instrument, 498 Telegraphy, diplex, 503 duplex, 503 quadruplex, 508 submarine, 504 Telephone, Philipp Reis's, 510 currents of, 255 Dolbcar's, 299, 511 Edison's (carbon), 511 Graham BelVs (articulating), 510 Variety's (condenser), 299, 511 Exchanges, 513 Temperature affects resistance, 194, 404 affected by resistance, 426 effect on length of spark, 818, 314 of the arc, 448 Tempering of steel, 108 Tension, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 63, 273 (footnote}, 279, 299, 811, 525 Ter quern, A., parrot-cage experi- ment, 34 Terrestrial Magnetism, 95, 150, 861, 365 Test for weak currents (chemical), 246, 816 for weak currents (physiologi- cal), 255 Testing for faults, 502 Tetanization produced by inter- rupted currents, 256 Theories of Electricity, 7, 327, and Preface, ix Theories of Magnetism, 99, 126 " Ampere's, 398 " Swing's, 127 " Maxwell's, 126 " Weber's, 126, 127 Theory of Electrolysis, Grotthuss'* and Clausius's, 491 Theory of Earth's magnetism, 161 of Light, 518 INDEX 637 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Thermo-electric currents, ) 7ft ^1Q Thermo-electricity, L Thermo-electric Diagram, 424 Thermo-electromotive Series, 424 Thermopile, 425 Thompson, Silvanus Phillips, on magnetic figures due to cur- rents, 202, 889 on positive and negative states, 327 on opacity of tourmaline, 518 Thomson, Joseph J., on Contact Electricity, 81 on conductivity of gases, 322 Thomson, Sir William (see Kelvin, Lord) effect. 424 Thomson, Elihu, his meter, 442 on alternate-current magnets, 477 on welding. 433 Thomson- Houston dynamos, 468, 478 Thorpe and Rilcker, magnetic sur- vey, 154 Three wire system, 453 Thunder, 11, 331 Thunderstorms, 329 Theory of, 330 Time-constant, 460 Tinfoil Condensers, 55, 802 Tivoli, transmission of power from, 447 Toepler, A., his Influence Machine, Tongs, Discharging, 59 Torpedo (electric fish), 76, 246 Torpedoes, fuzes for firing, 816, 432 Torque, 136 Torque of motor, 444 Torsion affected by magnetization, 124 Torsion Balance, or ) Coulomb's, Torsion Electrometer, | 18, 132 Torsion method, 209, 210 Tourmaline, 74, 824, 518 Transformers, 228, 480 for vacuum tubes, 820 Transmission of power, 447, 479 Tri-phase, 485 Trolley wheel for tramcars, 446 Trowbridge, on magnetization at - 100° C., Ill Tube of force, 837 (g) Tuning-fork method, 418 Two-fluid cells, 181 theory, 7 Two kinds of Electrification, 5, 6 " Magnetic poles, 89 Tyndall, John, diamagnetic polarity. 872 magne-crystallic action, 878 ULTRA-GASEOUS MATTER, 821 Ultra-violet waves, 313 discharge by, 531 effect on metal, 531 Unit, Board of Trade, 440, 488 Unit jar, 285 Units and standards, Board of Trade (see Appendix B) electromagnetic, 35'2 et seq. electrostatic, 2S8 et seq. fundamental and derived, 281, 282 ratio of electrostatic to electro- magnetic, 262 (footnote), 283, 359 Unipolar Machines, 469 Universal Discharger, 62 Unvarying magnets, 110 Upward, his cell, 193 Ure, Dr,, on animal electricity, 255 "«," 359, 518 Vacuum, induction takes place through, 64, 96, 97 partial, spark in, 11, 320 spark will not pass through, 813, 821 tubes, 320, 821 " Variation," the (see Declination) Variation of Declination and Dip — annual, 157 diurnal, 156 geographical, 151, 154 secular, 155 of electrification of the atmos- phere, 335 Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood, his galvanometer, 316 on capacity of polarization, 492 telegraph, 497 Varley, Samuel Alfred, his tele- phone, 299, 510 early dynamo, 462 Vegetables, Electricity of, 77 carnivorous, sensitiveness of, 256 O'lS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Velocity of discharge, 323 of light, 359, 518 of electric waves, 51 8 of rubbing, electrification de- pends on, 73 resistance aj a, 357 Verdet's constant, 526 Vibration produces Electrification, 67 Vibrator for measuring capacity, .418 Villari, Emilia, effect of tension, 364 Violet waves (see Ultra-violet) Virtual volts and amperes, 471 Vitreous electricity, 5 Volt, 169, 354 Volta, Alessandro, his Electro- phone, 26 Condensing Electroscope, 79 Contact Series, 80 Crown of Cups, 165 on Atmospheric Electricity, , 334 on Contact Electricity, 79, 163 on Electric Expansion, 300 on Electrification due to com- bustion, 70 Subjective Sounds due to Cur- rent, 254 Volta's Law, 80, 163, 170 Voltaic Pile, 164 Voltaic Electricity (see .Current . . • Electricity) arc, 448 battery, 168, 178 : pile, 164 cell, simple, 166 Voltameter, 242, 243, 244, 487 Voltmeter, 220 ' Car dew's, 430 electrostatic, 290 Voss machine, 51 WALKER, CHARLES V., used sulphur in cell, 185 Warburg, E., on hysteresis, 368 Water, Electrolysis of, 235, 487 Water-drop], ing, discharge by, 334 Watt, the, 354, 435 Wattmeter, 438 Watts, true and apparent, 475 Waves, electric, 515 Weber, the, 354 Weber, Wilhelm, the Electro-dyna- mometer, 394 on diamagnetic polarity, 372 evaluation of ohm, 358 of "v," 359 theory of magnetism, 126, 127 Welding, 433 Weston, Edward, voltmeter, 220 standard cell, 188 temperature coefficient of alloys, 404 Wheatstbne, Sir Charles, on the brush discharge, 319 Automatic Telegraph, 497 Dynamo - electric Machines, 462 on supposed velocity of elec- tricity, 323 Wheatstone's Bridge or Bal- ance, 418 Whirls, magnetic, 202, 389 Wiedemann, Gustav, on .eifect of magnetism on torsion, 124 diamagnetism, 370 (footnote} Wilde, Henry, Magneto - electric Machine, 462 Wilcke, A., electrophorus, 26 (foot- note) Wimshurst, James, Influence ma- chine, 52 Wind, electric, 47, 324 Winding of electromagnets, 375 et seq., 385, 386 (and see p, 59fi) Window, aluminum, 321 Wohlers cell, 193 Wollastoris Battery, 180 Work by conductor cutting lines, 339 Wroblewslci, resistance of, at low temperatures, 404 ZAMBONTS Dry Pile, 16, 193, 291 Zanotti, experiment on grass- hopper, 255 Zero potential, 40, 264 Zero of temperature, resistance near, 404 Zinc as fuel, 166 THE END MACMILLAN & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS ON ELECTRICITY /> MAGNETISM. 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