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Keyes, XXX. 323 The Clealum Iron-Ores, Washington. By George Otis Smith and Bailey Willis, XXX. 356 The Cripple Creek Volcano. By T. A. Eickard, . . . XXX. 367 Geological Eelations of the Iron-Ores in the Cartersville Dis- trict, Georgia. By C. Willard Hayes, . , . . . XXX. 403 SOME PRINCIPLES CONTROLLING DEPOSITION OF ORES. 789 TITLE. VOL. PAGE The Enrichment of Gold- and Silver- Veins. By Walter Har- vey Weed, XXX. 424 Types of Copper-Deposits in the Southern United-States. By Walter Harvey Weed, . XXX. 449 The Oil -Bearing Shales of the Coast of Brazil. By Prof. John C. Branner, XXX. 537 Metasomatic Processes in Fissure-Veins. By Waldemar Lind- gren, XXX. 578 Notes on the Occurrence of Platinum in North America. By David T. Day, XXX. 702 The Telluride-Ores of Cripple Creek and Kalgoorlie. By T. A. Rickard, XXX. 708 An Occurrence of Limburgite in the Cripple Creek District. By E. A. Stevens, XXX. 759 The Iron-Mines of- Hartville, Wyoming. By H. M. Chance, . XXX. 987 The Indicator Vein, Ballarat, Australia, By T. A. Eickard, . XXX. 1004 The Geology and Vein-Phenomena of Arizona. By Prof. Theodore B. Comstock, . . . XXX. 1038 INDEX. NOTE.— The names of actual contributors to this volume are set in small capitals, preceding the references to their contributions. References to citations, whether of actual contributors or others, are preceded by the names of the authors cited in lower- case type. For mere allusions, not giving further details, the page-references are printed in brackets. ADAKS, F. D. : remarks on Lindgren, 634. Aguilera, J. and Ordonez, E., on mineral veins of Pachuca, Mexico, 570. Alford, C. A., on geology of the Transvaal, 162. Alte Hoffnung Erbstollen silver-mine, Miteveida, Saxony, character of ground-water at, 29. Alterations: country-rock, 660; metasomatic, classified, 660; of rocks forming greisen, mica-rock, cassiterite-rock, etc., 660 et seq., 668. Altered rocks from fold-quartz veins, analyses of, 587. Aluminum, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Alum-stone, formation of, 661, 669. Ammerberg, Sweden, character of zinc-blende deposits at, 141 et ssq. Amphibole in Bunker Hill and Sullivan lead-silver mine, Idaho, 530; in copper-veins of Rossland, British Columbia, 530. Analyses: altered rocks from gold-quartz veins, 587; brick, altered, 609; Caliche, 712; Clausthal (Germany) rocks, 603; Comstock clays, 568; country-rock near Himmelfahrt mine, Freiberg, Saxony, 529; filling of fissure-veins, 37; fresh and altered rocks from gold-quartz veins, 589; gas liberated from warm mineral water, 33 ; gneiss near Himmelfahrt mine, Freiberg, Saxony, 581, 582 ; labra- dorite, etc., 662; metasomatic rocks from gold-quartz veins, 586; mineral waters, 42; opaline silica, 575; propylitic andesite, 566 ; tin-deposits of Alten- berg and Zinnwald, Saxony, 542; waters encountered in mines, 42; well-waters, Tucson, Ariz., 714 ; silicified diorite, 593. Andreasberg, Hartz mountains, silver-ore veins of, 81. Anthou, E. F., investigations in sulphide reactions, 467. Apatite- veins of Canada, 635; in Norway and Sweden, 646. Argon, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Arizona: copper-deposits, 110, 131; Bisbee, 447; Clifton-Morenci, 447; Globe, 447: copper-mines : United Verde, 447; Hillside mine, mineral veins of, 213. Arrhenius, Svante, on the physics of vulcanism, 638 ; on chemical and physical action of water upon magma, 643, 644. Arsenic, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639 ; in mineral waters, 47. Ascending waters : carbonic acid the most important geological factor, 44 ; encoun- tered in mines, 28; heat of, 31 et seq. ; hydrogen sulphide in, 44. Association of copper and iron compounds, 364; of lead, zinc and iron compounds, 357 ; of silver and gold with base metals, 368. Australasia, gold-deposits of, 161, 221 et seq. Australia; copper mines: New South Wales; Broken Hill Consols, 460, 461. Australian Broken Hill Consols silver-mine, New South Wales, 490. BAIN, H. FOSTER : remarks on Van Hise, 622 ; on Emmons and Weed, 627. Banat ; mines of, 718. ( 791 ) 792 INDEX. " Banded structure" and " crustification," 204, 240, 260. Bauxites, formation of, 661. Barium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Barus, C., on the action of hot water on soft glass [643], 308. Barysphere: does it exist within reach of circulating waters? 271; the source at unknown depths of ore-deposits, 11, 73, 79, 200, 242, 264, 271. Beaumont, Elie de, theory of "pentagonal symmetry," 8. BECK, PKOF. E., on depth of ore-deposits, 671 ; on the tin-ore deposits from Banca and Billiton, 543 ; on the tin-ores of Etta Knob, Black Hills, S. Dak., 643 (foot- note) ; Remarks on Van Hise, 613 ; on Emnious and Weed, 615 ; on Lindgren, 616. BECKER, G. F. : remarks in discussion of the genesis of ore-deposits, 204. Becker, G. F. : analysis of filling of fissure-veins, 37 ; on the Apollo mine, Unga Island, Alaska, 572; on the country-rock of the Tread well mine, Alaska, 593; on the geology of the Comstock lode, 566 ; on the quicksilver-deposits of the Pacific Coast, 595 ; on underground temperature, 31. Belcher silver-mine, Storey county, Nev., location of bonanza, 93. Bell, E., on ore-deposits of Sudbury, Canada, 146. Beryllium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Bescheert Gliick silver-mine, Freiberg, Saxony, character of deposit, 78. Big Seven silver-lead mine, Neihart, Mont., 484. • Biotite replacing hornblende and feldspars, in tourmaline veins, Meadow Lake, Cal., 530 ; in gold-copper veins of Eossland, British Columbia, 530. Biotite replacing quartz in Bunker Hill and Sullivan mine, Idaho, 530; secondary, in Ocean Wave mine, Cripple Creek, Colo., 530. Bisbee copper-deposits, Cochise county, Ariz. [446]. Bischof, G. : arsenic in mineral waters found by, 47 ; on kaolinization [661] ; oil metallic deposits from sea-water, 121. Black Hills of Dakota: observations in, in connection with contact-deposits, 731. Black Jack copper-silver mines, Florida Mountain, Idaho, 573. BLAKE, W. P. : remarks in discussion of the genesis of ore-deposits, 188. Blake's account of ore-deposits in Copper Basin, Ariz., 132. Blue Wing copper-mine, Virgilina district, Va. and N. C., 454. Blue Wing iron-mine, Person county, N. C. [483]. Blum on pseudomorphs, 501. Bobierre, A., amount of salt in rain-water found by, 43. Bohemia: ancient gold-workings in Trautenau region, 163; copper-sandstones of, 126 ; kupferschiefer of, 124 ; ore-deposits at Przibram, 56, 61, 76, 83, 239 et seq. ; temperature of thermal springs, 40; tin-placers at Flatten, 159. Bohneisenerz deposits, 136. Bonanzas at Andreasberg, Germany [679] ; at Kongsberg, Norway [679] ; at Schem- • nitz, Hungary [679] ; formation of, in the upper portions of gold-veins, 734 et seq.; in Transylvanian gold-veins [679]. Boron, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Botesiu gold-field, Dacian district, Transylvania, 89. Brick, altered, analysis of, 609. Brogger, W. C., on genesis of pegmatite-veins, 732 ; on pegmatite- veins in Norway, 647. Broken Hill Consols silver-mine, New South Wales, Australia, 460, 461. Bromine, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Brown, E. G., on the Butte, Mont., copper-deposits, 384. Buena Vista gold-mine, Cripple Creek district, Colo., 290. Bunker Hill and Sullivan silver-lead mine, Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, 601. Calamine-deposits at Raibl, Carinthia, 134. Calcium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. INDEX. 793 Caledonia gold-mine, Thames district, New Zealand, richness of ore, 222. Caliche of Southern Arizona : An Example of Deposition by the Vadose Circulation (BLAKE) 710. California, character of copper-ores in peninsula of Lower, 132; silver-mine, Storey county, Nev., location of bonanza, 92. Canada, apatite-deposits of, 635 ; ore-deposits of Sudbury, 145, 210 ; platinum-metals at Sudbury, 640. Canada Hill vein, Grass Valley, Cal., 342. Carbon, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Carbonatization of rocks (with dolomitization, etc,), 661 et seq., 668. Carbonic acid an important geological factor in ascending waters, 44. Carinthia: analogy of Bleiberg ore-deposits with those of Eureka district, Nev., 112; calamine-deposits of Raibl, 134 ; ore-deposits at Raibl, 61, 69, 102. Carlsbad Sprudel : analysis and temperature of water, 40, 42 ; character of deposit, 53. Carniola, Bohneisenerz at Wocheiu, 137. Cassiterite: synthetic production of, by sublimation [637]; and iron-ore, occurrence of in limestone near Campiglia, Italy [651] ; cassiterite-veius, 614 ; in Banca and Billitou [645] ; in Cornwall, England [645] ; in Tasmania [645]. Cause of flowage of underground water, 302. Cavities in rocks, character of filling, 15. CAZIN, F. M. F. : remarks in discussion of the genesis of ore-deposits, 206, 269; on copper-ores of New Mexico, 131. Cephalonia, water-power of the sea-mills of, 304. Cerium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Chamberliu, T. C., on ore-deposits of Southwestern Wisconsin [301] ; opinion on cause of contact-metamorphism, 727. Chemical constitution of mineral/ waters, 40. Chlorine, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Chlorite in gold-quartz of Crown Point mine, Grass Valley, Cal., 530. CHURCH, JOHN A. : remarks in discussion of the genesis of ore-deposits, 195. Church's account of the Justice silver-mine. 239 ; views on source of underground waters, 31. Churprinz silver-mine, Freiberg, Saxony, ascending mineral waters at, 29. Cinnabar-deposits of Sulphur Bank, Cal., 32 et seq., 66. Circulating waters of surface-origin, 435. Clarke, F. W. and Hillebrand, W. F., on the occurrence of elementary substances in the earth's crnst [639]. Classification of fissure- veins according to metasomatic processes, 540 et seq. ; of ore- deposits, 427; proposed modification of, 211 et seq., 226; systems employed hith- erto, 3. Clausthal (Germany) rocks, analyses of, 603; Hartz mountains, ore-deposits, 79. Clays of Comstock lode, analysis of, 568. Clifford amalgamated copper-mine, Cornwall, 62. Clifton-Morenci copper-deposits, Graham county, Ariz., 447. Cobalt, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Cohen, E., on Witwatersrand gold-deposits, South Africa, 162. COLLINS, ARTHUR L. : remarks on Emmons and Weed, 620; discussion by Emmons, 756 et seq. Colorado : gold- and silver-mines, 290, 342, 396. Colorado : L-ad-zinc mines : Aspen district : Mollie Gibson, 492 ; Smuggler, 492; ore- deposits of Leadville, 106; Red Mountain district, Ouray county, character of ore-deposits, 109: silver-lead-mines [351] : sil wr-mines : Custer county ; Geyser, 461; Mollie Gibson, 450; Pandora, 451; Smuggler-Union, 451; Smuggler, 450; Yankee Girl, 451. Comstock Lode, Storey county, Nev. : geological conditions of, 90; heat of ascending waters at, 31; ore-deposition of, 195, 239. 794 INDEX. Concentration by reaction upon sulphides compared with metallurgical concentra- tion, 376. Concentration of ores: special factors affecting, 393; character of the topography, 416 ; character of the topography — effect of the vertical element, 416 ; character of the topography — effect of the horizontal element, 417; physical revolutions, 419; variations in porosity and structure, 393; variations in porosity, etc., — com- plexity of openings, 394; variations in porosity, etc., — impervious strata at vari- ous depths, 396; variations in porosity, etc., — pitching troughs and arches, 405 variations in porosity, etc., — pre-existing channels and replacements, 413. Condition of water in the zone of fracture, 291. Conical mounds built by ascending mineral waters, 39. Consolidated Virginia silver-mine, Storey county, Nev., location of bonanza, 92. Contact-Deposits: Constituent Minerals, 717 ; Form, 717 ; Genetic classification : " con- tact metamorphic " deposits, 730 ; Dynamo-metamorphic and regional-metamor- phic deposits, 731; hydrothermal deposits, 730; Geographic Distribution : Arizona, 723; British Columbia, 723; California, 720; Idaho, 721, 722 et seq. ; Mexico, 724, 725 ; Northwest Territory, 723 et seq. ; Other Countries, 725 : Literature : 718 et seq. ; Origin of the Deposits, 725, 726; Position, 717. Contact-metamorphism : 691, 726, 727 ; Cause of Contact-Metamorphism, 727, 728, 729; intense, of rocks, 661 et seq., 669; ore-deposits formed by, 648. Copper-deposits: Arizona: Cochise county; Bisbee, 447; Gila county; Globe, 447; Graham county : Clifton-Morenci, 447. Copper-mines: Arizona: Cochise county; Copper Queen [446] ; Yavapai county; United Verde, 447; Colorado: Boulder county; Orphan Boy, 738; New Mexico: Grant county ; Santa Eita, 449 ; Grant county ; Hanover, 450 ; North Carolina : Eowan county ; Union Copper Company's, 454 ; North Carolina anil Virginia : Vir- giliua district; Blue Wing, 454. Copper-ore deposits in Butte, Mont. [657] ; in Cornwall, England [657]. Copper-ores: Arizona, 110, 131; Bohemia, 124, 126; Lake Superior district, 144; Lower California, 132; Mannsfeld, 124; Mexico : Chihuahua, 458; New Mexico, 110, 131, 210; Prettau, Tyrol, 143; St. Avoid, 127; Sweden, 140; SOUTH AMERICA: Peru: Cerro de Pasco mining district, 458: Vermont, 207; West- phalia, 125. Copper Queen copper-mine, Bisbee, Cochise county, Ariz. [446]. Copper-silver mines: Idaho: Florida Mountain ; Black Jack, 573 ; Trade Dollar, 573. Copper-sandstone of Bohemia, 126. Cordilleran region of the Western U. S., 304. Cornwall (England) copper veins of, 620; tin-deposits of, 139. Coronado copper-mines, 449. Cotta, B. von : classification of ore-deposits by, 4 ; on ore-deposition, 124 et seq. ; mines of the Banat, in Austria, 718. Cotta, B. von and Swess, Edward, on the iron-ore deposits in the Banat. Hungary [648] (footnote). Country-rock near Himmelfahrt mine, Freiberg, Saxony, analysis, by Dr. H. Schulze, 529. Critical temperatures of water, etc., 659. Crosby, W. F. and W. O., on the sea-mills of Cephalonia, 304. Cross, Whitman, and Penrose, E. A. F., on mineral deposits of the Cripple Creek dis- trict, Colo., 574. " Gratification," 12, 198, 204. 240, 260, 277. Crystalline schists, ore-deposits in, 137. Cumberland, England, iron-ore deposits, 136. Dacian gold-fields, Transylvania, 86, 97. Daintree, experiment on crystallization of gold, 743. INDEX. 795 Dakota, gold-deposits of Black Hills, 160. Dalmer, K., on " bed-impregnations " at Schwarzenberg, 650. Daubree, Prof. A. : on alterations produced by mineral springs, 48 et seq.; on causes of strise in lode-walls, 213; on the kaolin-deposits of Cornwall, France and Ger- many, 661; on subterranean water-circulation, 18 et seq. DE LAUNAY, PROF. L. C. : remarks on Emmons and Weed, 616,. De Launay on chemical theory of ore-deposits, 8, 63 ; on metalliferous deposits, [476], 389, 455, 672 ; views on " secondary enrichment," 758; on the relation of secondary reactions to the ground water-level, 759. Deposition by vadose circulation, Caliche of Southern Arizona an example of, 710 et seq. Deposition of ores, some principles controlling the, 282; of oxides below water-level, 438 ; of sulphides, 438. Detrital deposits, 152. Devereux, W. B., on occurrence of gold in Black Hills, Dak., 160. Devon Consols copper-mine, Cornwall, 621. Disci ssion, spaces of, 13, 74. Dissolution, spaces of, 13, 95. Distribution of elementary substances in the earth's crust, 639. Doelter, Dr. C., synthetic experiments in sulphide reactions, 469. Dolcoath gold-mine, near Elkhorn, Mont. [496]. Douglas, James, on the Butte, Mont., copper-deposits, 383 ; on the Copper Queen mine, Bisbee, Ariz. [446]. Ducktown, Tenn., copper-deposits, 383, 715. Dux coal-mine (lignite), Bohemia, irruption of thermal waters at, 30. East Wheal Lovell tin-mine, Cornwall, Eng., character of ore-body, 139. Einigkeit silver-mine, Joachimsthal, Saxony, ascending mineral springs at, 30. Elba: iron -ore deposits [648]. Emmons, S. H., on decomposition of metals, 149. EMMONS, S. F. : The Secondary Enrichment of Ore-Deposits, 433 ; remarks in discussion of Collins, Vogt, De Launay, etc., 756 et seq.; of Lindgren on "Contact-Depos- its," 759 ; of Posepny, 199. Emmons, S. F., on the Butte, Mont., copper-deposits, 384 ; on descending waters, 107; on the fissure-vein of Queen of the West lead-silver mine, Ten Mile district, Colo., 597 ; on the Leadville, Colo., silver-deposits, 388 ; on the mines of Custer co"unty, Colo., 351. Emmons, S. F., and Whitman Cross, on propylitic deposits of Silver Cliff and Rosita Hills, Colo., 572. Emmous, S. F., W. H. Weed and Tower, on copper-veins of Butte, Mont., 596. England : iron-ores of Cumberland, 136; lead-mining in north of, 104. Enrichment of Gold- and Silver- Veins (WEED), 473. Enrichment of gold-veins near the surface: by concentration, 736; by descending waters, 737; by precipitants, 742 ; by solution, 739; by solution and precipita- tion, 744. Enterprise gold- and silver-mine, Rico, Dolores county, Colo., 290, 342, 396. Epigenetic deposits, differences of depth in the original positions of, and secondary alteration of deposits, 669, 671. Erbsenstein, deposits of, at Carlsbad, 53. Eruptions, sequence of, 689. Eruptive after-actions, ore-deposits formed by, 643; cassiterite-veins and apatite- veins, 645, 646; pegmatite-veins, 647. Eruptive processes, relation of, to the formation of ore-deposits, 641. Eruptive rocks: deposits in, 137 ; influence on ore-deposition, 191 ; relation of thermal springs to, 221. 796 INDEX. Erzgebirge, mineral springs in mines of, 30 ; ore-deposits, 82; veins of the, 614,615. Etta Knob, 643 (footnote); tin-ore deposits, Black Hills, S. Dak., 643 (footnote). Eureka district, Nev., geological conditions of, 112. Eva May silver-lead mine, Boulder county, Mont., 495 ; analysis of ore, 495. Factors influencing, depth at which rock-flowage occurs, 287. Faribault, E. R., on the gold measures of Nova Scotia, 412. Filons stanniferes, 665. Filons sulfures dites plombiferes, 665. Fissures : filling, analysis of, 37 ; of dislocation, 14 ; ore-deposits in, 74 ; theories of origin of, 212. Fissure-veins, metasomatic processes in, 498 et seq. Florence silver-lead mine, Neihart, Mont., 484. Flowage: factors influencing depth of occurrence, 287; of underground water, cause of, 302 ; of water in capillary openings, Poiseuille's law, 297 ; zone of, 286. Flow of rocks, experiments in, by F. D. Adams, McGill University [287]. Fluorine, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Fluorite in Independence mine, Cripple Creek, Colo., 524. Forchhammer on kaolinization [661]. Formation of Bonanzas in the Upper Portions of Gold- Veins (RICKARD), 734. Foster, C. Le Neve, on tin-deposits of Cornwall, 139. Foullon, A. B. von, on ore-deposits of Sudbury, Canada, 145, 146. Fowry Consols copper-mine, Cornwall, 620. Fracture : condition of water in zone of, 291 ; division of zone of, into a belt of weathering and a belt of cementation, 327; ore-deposits derived from zone of, 300 ; zone of, 286; zone of, material for ore-deposits derived from rocks in, 302. Fracture and flowage, zone of combined, 288. France : Fontainebleau sandstone, 119; iron-ore deposits of Dielette [648]. Freiberg, Saxony, ore-deposits, 78, 615, 616. Freiberg, Bavarian Upper Palatinate, lead-deposits, 129. Fresh and altered rocks from gold-quartz veins, analysis of, 589. Frohner silver-lead mine, near Helena, Mont., 496 ; analysis of ore, 496. Fuchs, E., on copper-ores of lower California, 132. Furman, H. van F., on mines near Mapimi, Durango, Mex. [445]. Gage, J. E., on occurrence of lead- and zinc-ores in Missouri, 115. Galena: replacing calcite in Elkhorn mine, Mont., 537; tree-stems changed to, at Vesuvius lead-mines, Bavaria, 129. Garnet in gold-quartz veins of Broken Hill, New South Wales, 531. Gas, analysis of, liberated from warm mineral water, 35. Geodes, opal and chalcedony, mineral deposits in, 24. Germany : copper ores, 124 et seq. ; lead-deposits of Mecheruich, near Commern, 127; iron-ore deposits of Alsace, 136 ; tin-placers at Annaberg, Saxony, 159. Geyser silver-mine, Silver Cliff, Custer County, Colo., 461. Gilbert, G. K., on the Cordilleran region of the Western U. S., 304. Globe copper-deposits, Gila county, Ariz., 447. Gneiss near Himmelfahrt mine, Freiberg, Saxony, analysis of, 581, 582. Gold: ancient placer-mining in Bohemia, 163; occurrence of, in Gympie district, Queensland, 744; in manganese spar, 67; at Rico, Colo., 744. Gold Hill silver-mine, Storey county, Nev., high temperature of water in, 31. Gold in pyrite of Orphan Boy copper-mine, Boulder county, Colo., 738. Gold-mines: Arizona: Final county; Mammoth, salt in water of, 741; California: Calaveras county: Rathgeb, 725, 749, 750; Colorado: Cripple Creek; Moon Anchor, 747, 748; Cripple Creek district; Buena Vista, 290; Lee, 290; Smuggler, INDEX. 797 290; Victor, 290; FOREIGN COUNTRIES: Australia: Bright district; Myrtle, 746, 747; Bright district; Shouldn't Wonder, 746; Western Australia : Kalgoorlie; Great Boulder Main Reef, 742: Kalgoorlie; Great Boulder Proprietary, salt in water of, 740; Kunanalling; Sugar Loaf, 742; New Zealand: Thames district: Moanataeri, 752; Montana: Elkhorn ; Dolcoath [496]; Elkhorn; Mayflower [496]. (NOTE. The numerous passing references to gold-mines, occurring in Prof. Posepuy's paper, have not been separately indexed.) Gold-ores: deposits of Black Hills, S. Dak., 160; Beresov, Ural Mountains, 76; Hun- gary, 85 ; of Australasia, 161, 221 et seq. ; in the Ural mountains, 76, 153 ; New Zealand : Hauraki or Thames gold-field, 221 ; Otago gold-field, 224 ; South Africa: Witwatersrand, 162 ; Sweden; Falun, 141; Transylvania, Dacian gold-field, 86; Verespatak, Transylvania, 66, 87. Gold- and silver-mines : Colorado : Dolores county ; Enterprise. 2!)0. 342, 396. Nevada: see Comstock Lode. Gold and silver in eruptive magmas, 641. Gold and silver veins, enrichment of, 473 et seq, Gold quartz veins, 614. Gold-veins: enrichment of, near the surface by concentration, 736 ; by descending waters, 737, 738; by solution, 739; by solution and precipitation, 744; formation of bonanzas in the upper portions of, et seq., 734. Gottes Geschick silver-mine, Swarzenberg, Saxony, ascending waters at, 29. Great Boulder Main Reef gold-mine, Kalgoorlie, W. Australia, 742 ; salt in water of, 740. Great Extended Hustlers gold-mine, Victoria, Australia, character of quartz at, 215. Greece, ore-deposits of Laurium, 135, 246. Grimm, J. : classification of ore-deposits by, 4 ; examination of Transylvania ore-de- posits by, 96. Groddeck, A. v. : mines of Banat, 718 ; on ore-deposition, 122 et seq. ; on the vein-sys- tem of Clausthal, Germany, 602; system of classification of ore-deposits, 4. Groundwater, 695 ; artesian basins, 701 ; common conception of, 695 ; experience in deep mines and wells, 696 ; hot-springs, 702 ; irregular distribution of, near the surface, 705 ; level, 436; movements of, 19. Guiterman, F., on the gold-deposits of Battle Mountain, Colo,, 740. Gypsum : origin of some beds, 715. Hale and Norcross silver-mine, Comstock Lode, Nev., flooding of, by water, 31. Hanover copper-mines, Grant county, N. M., 450. Hartz mountains, ore-deposits, 79. Hauraki or Thames gold-field, New Zealand, 221. Helena and Frisco silver-lead mine, Coeur d'Alene district, Idaho, 600. Helmhacker, R., on ore-deposits of Altai region, Siberia, 155. Highland Boy copper-mine, 450. Hills, R. C., on the ore-deposits of Summit district, Rio Grande county, Colo., 584. Hillside gold- and silver-mine, Ariz., mineral veins of, 213. Hintze, C., on kaolin [664]. Holroyd's (A. G.), collection of specimens from gold-district of West Australia, 677 et seq. Hot mineral waters encountered in mines, 31. Hungary : geode of iron opal from Dreiwasser, 24 ; iron-ore deposits : in the Banat [648] ; iron-ore deposits : Vasko [648] : ore-deposits of, 85 et seq. : silver-deposits of Rezbanya, 99. Hunt, T. Sterry, on the copper-deposits at Ore-Knob, N. C., and in Carroll county, Va., 454 ; on pseudomorphs, 502. Hussak, E., on auriferous pyritic quartz-bed-vein at Passagem, Brazil [657] ; on the auriferous quartz-vein of Passagem, Minas Geraes, Brazil, 546. 798 INDEX. Hutton, F. W., 011 the auriferous veins of Hauraki gold-fields, Thames district, New Zealand, 571. Hydrogen, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639; sulphide, important part of, in ascending waters, 44. Hysterogenites. 16, 17. Hysteromorphous ore-deposits, 147. Idiogenous mineral deposits, 10. Igneous rocks: competence of, to supply vein-material, 682; role of, in the formation of veins, 680. Illustrations of secondary enrichment and diminution of richness with depth, 383. Independence gold-mine, Cripple Creek, Colo., salt in water of, 741. Iodine, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Iron, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Iron-mines: North Carolina: Person county; Blue Wing [483]. Iron opal, geode of, from Dreiwasser, Hungary, 24. Iron-ore : deposits at Vasko, Hungary [648] ; of Dielette, France [648] ; of Kristi- ania region, Norway [648], 649 ; in the Banat, Hungary [648] ; in the island of Elba [648] ; increase of, in depth in manganese-deposits, 675. Iron-ores : analogy of Bohemian and Michigan, 237 ; deposition of, in Mesabi range, Minn. ,229; England, Cumberland, 136; Germany, Alsace, 136; Lake Superior deposits, 228; Norway, 138; Spain, Eio Tinto (limonite), 148; Sweden, Taberg (magnetite), 138; Switzerland, Carniola, 136; Tyrol, 143. Irving, Prof. E. D., on the copper-bearing rocks of Lake Superior, 607. Jacquet, Mr., on secondary sulphides at Broken Hill lode, N. So. Wales, Austra- lia, 459. Jenney, W. P., on the lead- and zinc-deposits of the Mississippi, 452. Joachimsthal mines, Bohemia, mineral waters of, 30. Joplin lead- and zinc-district, Mo., 623. Justice silver-mine. Storey county, Nev., character of ore-deposit, 92, 198, 239. Kackar district, southern Ural, Russia, ore-deposits of, 157. Kahlenberg, L., and Lincoln, A. T., on solutions of silicates, 319. Kaolin-deposit at Ekersund-Soggendal, Norway, 662. Kaolinite in vein near Boulder, Mont., 534 ; in propylitic veins at Cripple Creek, Colo., 534; in veins at Delamar, Idaho, 534; in veins of Summit district, Colo., 534 ; and sericite in veins of the pyritic galena-formation of Freiberg, Saxony, 534. Kaolin ization of rocks, 660 et seq,, 668. Katrontza gold-mine, Verespatak, Transylvania, character of ore at, 66, 67. KEMP, J. F. : The Role of the Igneous Rocks in the Formation of Veins, 680. Kendall, J. D., on iron-ores of Cumberland, Eng., 136. Kerr, W. C., on North Carolina gold-deposits, 153. Keweeuaw Point, Lake Superior region, copper-bearing rocks of, 344. KEYES, CHARLES E. : remarks on Van Hise, 628; on Liudgren, 630. Kjerulf, Th. : on the iron-ore deposits of the Kristiania region, Norway [648] (foot- note; ; on iron-ore deposits in Norway, 138. Kongsberg silver-mines, Norway, 468. Kupferschiefer of Mannsfeld, Thuringia and Bohemia, 123, 124. Labradorite, etc., analyses of, 662. Lacroix, A., on axinitizatiou of contact-metamorphic zones in the Pyrenees [650]. Lake Superior region: copper-deposits, 144; iron-ores of, 227. Lanthanum, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. INDEX. 799 Lapparent, A. de, on metamorphism, 118. Lateral-secretion theory of ore-deposition, 57 etseq., 190, 200, 236, 242, 254,257, 271. Laurium, Greece, ore-deposits, 135, 246. Leaching : of wall-rock, 277 ; in the zone of weathering, 476 et seq, Lead-ores: Freihung, Bavarian Upper Palatinate, 129; Missouri and Wisconsin, 115; Mechernich, near Commern, Germany, 127; North of England, 105. Leadville, Colo., ore-deposits, 106. Lead-silver mines: Colorado : Ten Mile district ; Queen of the West, 597. Lead-zinc mines: Colorado : Aspen district; Mollie Gibson, 492; Smuggler, 492. LE CONTE, PROF. JOSEPH : on genesis of ore-deposits, 270 ; on mineral vein-forma- tion, 33. Lee gold-mine, Cripple Creek district, Colo., 290. Lemberg's experiment in the solution of anhydrous powdered silicates by boiling water [643]. Limestone, silicified, Diadem lode, Plumas county, Cal., 521. LINDGREN, WALDEMAR : Metasomatic Processes in Fissure- Veins, 498 ; The Character and Genesis of Certain Contact- Deposits, 716. Lindgren, W., on contact-deposits, 759; on fissure-veins of the Trade Dollar and Black Jack mines, Idaho, 573; on gold-belt of the Sierra Nevada, 290; on gold-quartz veins of California, 585; on granitic and dioritic rocks of Meadow Lake, Nevada county, Cal,, 562 ; on the Sierra Nevada, 342 ; on silver-lead veins of Wood River, Idaho, 599 ; on quartz-veins of De Lamar, Idaho, 583. Lithium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Lithosphere ; zone of flowage, 286 ; zone of fracture, 286. Liversidge, experiments on precipitation of gold from solution by metallic sulphides, [482]. Lock, A. G., on gold-deposits, 152. Lotti, B., on the Elba iron-ore deposits [648] (footnote). Lottner, classification of ore-deposits by, 7. McKellar, Peter, on quartz-veins in granite at Lake of the Woods, Western Ontario, 593. Magmatic segregation, etc. : auriferous pyrites of Rossland, B. C., 642 ; chromite in peridotites and their secondary serpentines [642] ; copper-ores (high-grade) in serpentinized peridotites [642]; metallic nickel-iron in eruptive rocks [642]; platinum-metals in highly eruptive rocks [642] ; nickeliferous pyrrhotites in gabbro [642] ; ore-deposits formed by, 642 ; deposits formed by: titanic iron-ores in basic and intermediate eruptives [642]. Magnesite in country-rock near Idaho vein, Grass Valley, Cal., 526. Magnesium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Magnetite-deposit at Kirunawara-Luossawara, Sweden, 676. Major part of ore-depositing water is meteoric, 302. Mammoth gold-mine, Pinal county, Ariz., salt in water of, 741. Manganese, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Manner of filling open spaces in general, 63. Mannsfeld kupferschiefer, 123. Marine detritus, 157. M£tyas Kiraly gold-mine, Verespatak, Transylvania, character of native gold at, 68, 70. Mayflower gold-mine, near Elkhorn, Mont. [496]. Mesabi range, Minn., iron-ores of, 229. Metals: found in mineral waters, 45 et seq. ; heavy, original source of the, 637; pres- ence of in igneous rocks, 682; presence of in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, 684. Metamorphous ore-deposits, 118 et seq. 800 INDEX. Metasomasis, first use of term, 6, 195. Metasoruatic ore-deposits iu soluble rocks, 133, 250. Metasomatic Processes in Fissure- Veins (LlNDGREN), 498. Michel -Levy on the French iron -ore deposits [648]. Mine La Motte, Madison county, Mo., lead-deposits at, 117. Mineral coatings on copper at the Springs of Bourbon 1'Archambault, France, 470. Mineral deposits: hysteromorphous, 147; idiogenous and xenogenous, 10 et seq. ; in limestone caves, 24; in geodes, 24; metamorphous, 118. Mineral springs: at the surface, 37; structural features of deposits by, 52.. Mineral waters : alterations produced by, 48 ; analyses of, 37, 42 et seq. ; arsenic in, 47; chemical constitution of, 40; minute metallic admixtures in, 45; temperature of, 40. Mining, depth of [657]. Mining districts, distribution of, 706. Missouri : lead-regions of, 115; ore-deposits of, 188. Moanataeri gold-mine, Thames district, New Zealand, 752 ; richness of ore, 222. Mollie Gibson lead-zinc mine, Aspen district, Colo., 492. Mollie Gibson silver-mine, Pitkin county, Colo., 450. Montana: gold-mines: Elkhorn; Dolcoath [496]; Mayflower [496]. Montana : silver-lead mines : Eva May, 495, analysis of ore, 495; Helena ; Frohner, 496, analysis of ore, 496 ; Neihart ; Florence, 484 ; Big Seven, 484. Montana: silver-mines: Butte district; Euby [482]. Moon Anchor gold-mine, Cripple Creek, Colo., 747. Miiller, H., 011 mineral springs, 28. Myrtle gold-mine, Bright district, Australia, 747. Naumann on pseudomorphs, 501. Nevada: character of ore-deposits, 110 et seq.; Comstock Lode, 30, 89, 195, 239; Steamboat Springs, thermal waters of, 36 et seq. Newberry, Prof. J. S. : on classification of ore-deposits, 7 ; origin of ores, 131. New Mexico: copper-deposits, 110, 131, 210; copper-mines; Hanover, 450; Santa Eita, 449. New Zealand : gold-fields of, 221 et seq. ; gold in coal-measures of, 161. Nickel, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Nickel -pyrrhotite deposit at Erteli, Norway [676]. Nitrogen, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. N5ggerath, J., on alterations produced by mineral waters, 49, 101, 201, 245. North Carolina : copper-mines ; Union Copper Company's, 454 ; iron-mines : Person county; Blue Wing [483]. North Iron Hill, Lake county, Colo., ore-deposits of, 202 et seq. North Ophir silver-mine, Comstock Lode, Nev., high temperature of water in, 31. Norway: iron-ore deposits, 140 ; Kristiania region [648], 649 kaolin-deposits: Eker- sund-Soggendal, 662. Nuggets, origin of, 678 (footnote). Offenbanya gold-mines, Dacian district, Transylvania, 86, 87. Opaline silica, analysis of, 575. Openings : in rocks, 293; size and number of, 295. Ore-bonanzas, distribution of, 745. Ore-chutes, 421. Ores; some principles controlling the deposition of, 282. Ore-deposits: at Broken Hill, Australia [679] ; at Chanarcillo, Chile [679]; chemical views of French school, 8, 63; classification of, 427; classification hitherto em- ployed, 3; Comstock Lode, Storey county, Nev., 195; derived from zone of frac- ture, 300; detrital, 154; examples of classes of, 72; formed by chemical and me- INDEX. 801 chanical influences of surface region, 148 ; hysteromorphous, 147 ; hysteromor- phous, of older geological formation, 160; in crystalline schists and eruptive rocks, 79, 85, 137; in soluble rocks, 95 ; material for, derived from rocks in zone of fracture, 302; Mednorudjansk, Ural Mts., Kussia [679]; metamorphous, 118; metasomatic, in soluble rocks, 133; origin of, in deep regions, 55; Oruro, Bolivia [679] ; Pachuca, Mexico [679] ; Pasco, Peru [679] ; Potosi, Bolivia [679] ; problems in geology of, 636 et seq. ; proposed classification of, 7, 211, 226 ; secondary enrich- ment of, 433 et seq.; the result of work of underground water, 285; verchoviky, or surface, 152; Zacatecas, Mexico [679]. Ore-deposition; in fresh water, 123; influence of eruptive rocks, 191; John Wood- ward's opinions, two hundred years ago, 192 ; lateral secretion theory, 57 et seq., 190, 200, 236, 242, 254, 257, 271; in open spaces, 64, 195, 239; from sea- water, 121. Ore-shoots, localization of, 746. Orphan Boy copper-mine, Boulder county, Colo., 738. Orthoclase (valencianite) : in gold-silver veins, La Valenciana, Mexico, 532; in Valen- ciana silver-mine, Guanajuato, Mexico, 532; in gold-silver veins, Silver City, Idaho, 532. Otago gold-field, New Zealand, geological formation of, 224. Oxygen, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Pandora silver-mine, San Juan county, Colo.. 451. Penrose, A. F. B., on enrichments between altered and unaltered vein-matter, 476 ; on the geology of the Cripple Creek district, 290; on the geology of Cripple Creek, Colo., 343; on the superficial alteration of ore-deposits, 389 [433]. Pegmatites, 692. Pegmatite-veins in Norway, 647. Phillips, J. A. : on appearance of gold at Besseges, France, 163 ; classification of ore- deposits by, 7. Phosphorus, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Physico-chemical principles controlling the work of underground waters, 317. Placer-deposits, 158. Platinum, placer-deposits of, 158. Platinum-metals, original proportions of, in rocks, 640; at Sudbury, Canada, 640; at Klefva, Sweden, 640. Pneumatolytic minerals in veins, 694. Poiseuille's law of the flowage of water in capillary openings, 297. Pontgibaud, silver-lead district, France, formation of lodes, 222. P5sEPNY\ PROF. FRANZ; The Genesis of Ore-Deposits, 1 ; remarks in discussion, 232. Posepuy on pipe-ore of Raibl, Bohemia, 487 ; on stalactite deposits of sulphide, 486. Potassium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Precipitation in the zone of weathering, 479. Preferential use by water of large channels, 315. Prettau in Tyrol, copper-mines of, 143. Problems in the Geology of Ore- Deposits (VOGT), 636. Propylitic andesite, analysis of, 566. Propylitization of rocks (with chloritization, etc.), 660 efaeq., 668. Przibram, Bohemia : ore-deposits, 56, 61, 76, 83, 239 et seq. ; Mining Academy, study of geology at, 9. Pseudomorphs, phenomena in formation of, 15. Psilomelane in ore-deposits at Romeneche, France, 674. Pumpelly, R. : classification of ore-deposits by, 7 ; on Lake Superior copper-deposits, 144 • on the metasomatic development of copper-bearing rocks of Lake Superior, 606; on metasomatism in ore-deposits, 509. Purington, C. W., on the gold-quartz veins of Telluride, Colo., 592; on the mining industries of the Telluride quadrangle, Colo., 417. 802 INDEX. Py rite-deposits: in Germany [651] ; in Hungary [651]; in Italy [651]. FOREIGN COUNTRIES: Italy: Monte Catini/457; Norway, 651, 652; Vigsnas [457] [676]; Fahlun [676]; Rqros [676]; Sulitelma [676]; Spain: Hnelva provinces, 456; Rio Tin to, 456 ; Eio Tinto, Huelva district, 676 ; Tharsis, 456; Spain and Portugal [651] : Sweden : Fahlun [457]. Quartz-alunite rocks, formation of, 661. Quartz-diaspore rocks, formation of, 661. Queensland, gold in coal-measures of, 161. Quicksilver at Sulphur Bank, Cal., 32 et seq. Raibl, Carinthia, ore-deposits, 61, 69, 102, 134. Rain-water, salt in, 43. Rathgeb gold-mine, Calaveras county, Cal., 750. RAYMOND, R. W. : remarks on the genesis of ore-deposits, 226, 252. Raymond's classification of ore-deposits, 7, 226. Red Mountain district, Colo., character of ore-deposits, 109. Reichensteiu silver-mine, Valle Sacca, Hungary, description of ore-deposit, 101. Reyer, Dr. E., on tin placer-deposits, 159. Rezbaiiya, Hungary, geology of ore-deposits at, 98. Rhodonite: in Veins at Broken Hill, Australia, 531; at Butte, Mont., 531; at Kap- nik, Hungary, 531 ; at Real del Monte, Mexico, 531. RICKARD, T. A. : The Formation of Bonanzas in the Upper Portions of Gold Veins, 734 ; remarks on Posepny, 190, 211. Rickard, T. A., on the Enterprise mine of Rico, Colo., 290, 342. Rio Tinto, Spain, copper-mines, 621 ; limonite deposits, 148. Rock-cavities, mineral deposits in, 15. Rock -salt deposits : at Maros Ujvar, Transylvania, 20; of the Persian Gulf, 21. Rodna, Transylvania, ore-deposits, 95. Role of the Igneous Bocks in the Formation of Veins (KEMP), 680. Rosario silver-mine. Sun Juancito, Honduras, Central America, 493. Rosenbusch on the genesis of pegmatite-veins, 732. Rubidium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Ruby silver-mine, Butte district, Mont. [482]. Russia: gold placer-deposits of Ural Mountains, 156; ore-deposits of Kackar district, in the Ural [153], 157. Rutile in apatite-veins, 646. Salt, in rain-water, 43. Salt-mining in Austrian Tyrol, 267. Sandberger, Prof. : on fissure- veins of Schappach, Schwarzwald, 594 ; lateral -secretion theory of, 57 et seq., 190, 200, 236, 242, 254, 257, 271 ; occurrence of native silver in altered granite [506] ; Przibram rock, analysis of samples by, 62 ; on silver- veins of Wittich -Schwarzwald, 594. Sandstones: copper, of Bohemia, 126; at Fontainebleau, France, 119. Savage silver-mine, Comstock Lode, Nev., flood of water in, 31. Santa Rita copper-mine, Grant county, N. M., 449. Sawyer, A. R., on Witwatersrand gold-field, South Africa, 162. Saxony : tin-deposits of Altenberg and Zinnwald, analysis of, 542. Scandinavia, ore- deposits of, 140. Scapolitization of rocks, 660 et seq., 668. Schists: copper, 124 et seq. ; ore-deposits in crystalline, 137. Schiirmann, E., investigations in sulphide reactions, 468. Sea-mills of Cephalouia, water-pow.r of, 304. Sea-water: metallic sulphides from, 188 ; traces of metals in, 121. INDEX. 808 Second concentration favored by large openings of the belt of weathering, 378. Secondary Enrichment of Ore-Deposits (EMMONS), 433. Secondary enrichment, absence of, in silver-lead bodies of Cceur d'Alene district, Idaho, 488; changes of water-level, 497 ; chemical processes involved in, 465 et seq, ; effect of physiographic and climatic changes, 496; instances of: Australia: New South Wales; Broken Hill lode, 459; conditions at Butte, Mont., 440; Eastern U. S., 452; Mexico: Chihuahua, 458; Peru: Cerro de Pasco mining dis- tricts, 458; Spain : Huelva provinces, 456; Eio Tinto, 456 ; Tharsis, 456: Western copper-deposits, 445; Western silver-deposits, 450; zone of enrichment, 475 et seq., 480; solution and precipitation of gold, 481 et seq, ; occurrence of bonanzas and pay-streaks, 488 et seq.; of veins at Neihart, Mont., 493 et seq.; zone of weathering, 475 et seq. ; leaching in, 476 et seq. ; precipitation in, 479. Sericitizatioii of rocks, 660 et seq., 668. Seven-Thirty silver-mine, Clear Creek county, Colo., ore-veins of, 216, 217. Shouldn't Wonder gold-mine, Bright district, Australia, 746. Siberia, Altai region, ore-deposits of, 155. Siderite in lead-silver veins of Co3ur d'Alene, Idaho, 527 ; of Wood River, Idaho, 527. Silicates, solutions of, 319. Silicification of rocks, 661 et seq., 668. Silicified diorite, analysis of, 593. Silicon, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Silver-lead-miues : Colorado: Custer county: Geyser (Security-), 351; Montana: Boulder county; Eva May, 495, analysis of ore, 495; Helena; Frohuer, 496, Neihart; Big Seven, 484; Florence, 484. Silver-mines; Colorado: Custer County; Geyser, 461 ; Ouray county; Yankee Girl, 748; Pitkin county; Mollie Gibson, 450; Smuggler, 450; San Juan county ; Pan- dora, 451; Smuggler-Union, 451 ; Yankee Girl, 451 ; FOREIGN COUNTRIES: Aus- tralia : New South Wales ; Broken Hill Consols, 460, 461; Central America : Hon- duras; Rosario, 493; New South Wales: Australian Broken Hill Consols, 490; Norway: Kongsberg, 468 ; Montana: Butte district ; Ruby [482]. Silver Plume district, Clear Creek county, Colo., 622. Silver Reef mining district, Utah, 130. Silver- and silver-lead ores : in Colorado, 202, 216 ; Hartz mountains, 80; atLaurium, Greece, 135; Nevada, 112, 198, 251; Pontgibaud, France, 222; at Raibl, Carin- thia, 102; at Rezbauya, Hungary, 98. Sjogren, A. ; on iron-ore deposits in Sweden, 138 ; mines of Banat, 718. Slichter, C. S. : on the motion of underground waters, 309: on openings in rocks, 294.' Slickensides: formation of, 213 et seq. ; at Raibl silver- lead mines, 103 ; in Scandina- vian mines, 140. Smith, George, on secondary sulphides at Broken Hill Consols mine, N. So. Wales, Australia, 460, 461. Smuggler gold-mine, Cripple Creek district, Colo., 290. Smuggler lead -zinc mine, Aspen district, Colo., 492. Smuggler silver-mines, Pitkin county, Colo., 450. Smuggler-Union silver-mine, San Juan county, Colo., 451. 622. Soda-niter : origin of, 715. Sodium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Solutions of silicates, 319. Some Principles Controlling the Deposition of Ores (VAN HlSE), 282 ; discussion through- out later pages of this volume. Source of underground water, 302. South Africa, gold-deposits of, 162. South Dakota : tin -ore deposits : Black Hills, 643 (footnote). Snaces of discission, 14 ; ore-deposits in, 74. 51 804 INDEX. Spaces of dissolution, 14. Spain, iron-ore deposits of, 148. f Spurr, J. E. : on the Aspen mining district, Colo., 342, 598; on the geology of the Mercur mining district, Utah, 407; on ore-bodies of the Aspen district, Colo., 492 ; Pegmatite- veins in Yukon section, 733. St. Avoid, copper-ores in sandstone of, 127. Steamboat Springs, Washoe county, Nev., thermal waters of, 36 et seq. Stelzner, Prof. A. W. : on deposits of tin-ore, 159 ; microscopic methods of research [616]; on pyritic deposits, 652 ; on silver-tin veins in Bolivia [645] (footnote); term of " metasomasis " proposed by, 5; on tourmalinic gold-copper veins in Chile, 546. Stokes, H. N., on chemical reactions, 471. Stream detritus, 154. Striae and slickensides as proofs of movement, 213 et seq. Strontium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Structural features of the deposits of mineral springs, 52 Struggl silver-lead mine, Eaibl, Carinthia, ore-bodies of, 104. Subterranean water-circulation, 18, 219, 253. Subterranean waters, heat of ascending, 31. Sugar Loaf gold-mine, Kunanalling, W. Australia, 742. Sulphide enrichment in veins of Freiberg, Saxony, 615. Sulphide ores, effect of ferric salts upon, 676 (footnote). Sulphur Bank quicksilver-mine, Lake county, Cal., thermal waters at, 32 et seq,, 256. Sulphur, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Surface-flows of igneous rock unfavorable to vein-formation, 694. Sweden: Amuieberg, zinc-blende mine at, 141; copper- and gold -ores, 140; pla- tinum-metals at Klefva, 640 ; Taberg, iron-ore deposits of, 138. Switzerland, Carniola, iron-ore deposits of, 136. Taberg, Sweden, iron-ore deposits, 138. Talhawang gold-district, New South Wales, 161. Tasmania, gold in coal-measures of, 161. Tellurium : in quartz-veins at Cripple Creek, Colo. [654] ; at Hauraki, New Zealand [654] ; at Nagyag, Hungary [654]. Temperatures, critical, of water, etc., 659, Temperature : of magmas, 659 ; of mineral waters, 40. Thames gold-field, New Zealand, 221. Thermal waters encountered in mines, 29, 30. Thermo-dynamic relations between hot water and soft glass, 308. Thuringia, Tcupferschiefer of, 124. Tin, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Tin-deposits : of Altenberg and Zinnwald, Saxony, analysis of, 542 ; of Etta Knob, S. Dak., 643 (footnote) : of Cornwall, England, 139; placer-deposits, 158. Tin-, copper- and galena- veins in Cornwall, Eng. [657]. Titanomagnetite-olivinite deposit at Taberg, Sweden, 138. Titanic acid in apatite-veins, 646. Titanium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Tornebohm, A. E., on contact-deposits at Pifckiiranta, Finland [650]. Trade Dollar copper-silver mine, Florida Mountain, Idaho, 573. Transylvania: Daciaii gold-district, 86; mining rock-salt at Maros Ujvar, 20; Veres- patak gold deposits, 66 et seq., 87 ; Vulkoj gold deposits, 88. Transvaal, South Africa, Witwatersrand gold-fields, 162. Tresavean copper-mine, Cornwall, 621. Tyrol: copper-mines of Prettau, 143; iron-ore deposits, 143; salt-mining at the Salzkammergut, 267. INDEX. 805 Underground waters : see innumerable passages throughout this volume. United Verde copper-mines, Yavapai county, Ariz., 447. Union Copper Co.'s copper-mine, Gold Hill, Rowan county, N. C., 454. Ural mountains, gold-districts of, 76. Utah : character of ore-deposits, 110; Silver Reef mining district, 130. Vadose underground circulation, 18; filling of open spaces formed by, 23; probable source of some deep ore-deposits, 197, 198. Vadose vs. deep circulation, 276. Valle lead-mines, Jefferson county, Mo., character of deposits, 71, 115. Vanadium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. VAN HISE (C. R.) : Some Principles Controlling the Deposition of Ores, 282; remarks in discussion, 731. Vapors or dissociated gases in igneous rocks, 686, Vein-formations, sequence of, 690. Vein-minerals : association of, 658 ; deposition of, 659. Veins, role of the igneous rocks in the formation of, 680 et seq. Verchoviky, or surface ore-deposits, 152. Verespatak, Transylvania, structure of gold-deposits at, 66, 87. Vermont, copper-deposits of, 207. Vesuvius lea^-mine, Bavaria, Germany, tree-stems changed to galena at, 129. Victor gold-mine, Cripple Creek district, Colo., 290. Vogelgesaug on dissemination of native silver in gneiss [506]. VOGT, PROF. J. H. L. : Problems in the Geology of Ore-Deposits, 636. Vogt's account of cassiterite-veins in Telemarken, Norway, 563 ; of concentration of gold and silver beneath " iron hat" in Rio Tinto region, Spain, 487. Von Fircks, W., on the tin-deposits of Mt. Bischoff, Tasmania, 543. Von Inkey, Bela, on the ore-deposits of Nagyag, Hungary, 568. Vulkoj gold-mines, Transylvania, character of ore-deposits of, 86. Waldstein, classification of ore-deposits by, 4. Waters: analysis of, from mineral springs, 37, 42 ; ascending, encountered in mines, 28; subterranean circulation of, 18, 219, 253 et seq. WEED, WALTER HARVEY : The Enrichment of Gold- and Silver- Veins, 473. Weed's account of the copper-deposits of the Southern Appalachian region, 453; of the Elkhorn mine, Mont., 597 ; of the mines of Neihart, Mont., 452. Weidman, S., on igneous rocks of Fox River Valley, Wis. [289]. Well-waters of Tucson, Ariz., analysis of, 714. Werner, A., theory of ore-deposits of, 3. Westphalia: copper-ores of, 125; pisolitic formation at Warstein, 67. Whitney, Prof. J. D. : classification of mineral deposits by, 6 ; on lead- and zinc-ores of Wisconsin, 118. WINCHELL, HORACE V. : in discussion of the genesis of ore-deposits, 192, 227. Winklehner, H., on rock-salt deposits of the Persian Gulf, 21. WINSLOW, ARTHUR: in discussion of the genesis of ore-deposits, 188. Wisconsin, lead- and zinc-regions of, 115, 117, 189 et seq. Witwatersrand gold-field, Transvaal, South Africa, 162. Woodward, John, " Essay Towards a Natural History of the Earth," 192. Xeuogenites in general, 12. Xenogenous mineral deposits, 10. Yankee Girl silver-mine, Ouray county, Colo., 748. Yankee Girl silver-mine. San Juan county, Colo., 451. Yellow Jacket silver-mine, Storey county, Nev., location of ore, 93. 806 INDEX. Yellowstone National Park; analysis of water, 42; chimney-like conduits built by geysers, 39. Yttrium, proportions of, in eartb's crust, 639. Yukon section ; Pegmatite veins in, 733. Zeolitization of rocks, 661 et seq., 669. Zinc-blende, proportion of, increasing with depth of deposit, 673. Zinc-ores: Ammeberg, Sweden, 141 ; Wisconsin, 117, 189 et seq. Zirconium, proportions of, in the earth's crust, 639. Zones of weathering, of enrichment, and of primary sulphides, 475 et seq. Zone of combined fracture and flowage, 288. Zoppe, G., on salt in rain-water, 43. M127002 \ THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY. 