None
b. If oxalic acid or ammonium oxalate had been em- ployed instead of ammonia, beryllium might have been overlooked, whereas subsequent treatment of the hydroxides with oxalic acid is very serviceable. Yttrium -(\I\LQ. calcium) is converted into insoluble oxalate, beryllium, aluminium, and iron remain dissolved. The insoluble oxalate is washed and heated with sulphuric acid ; the residue is treated with a solution of ammonium carbonate ; a little calcium carbonate remains undissolved. Yttrium is detected in the ammoniacal solution by means of oxalic acid (§ 1 8, l>). c. The soluble oxalates are converted into sulphates by evaporating with sulphuric acid. Add a drop of water and some caustic alkali, evaporate and wash with cold water.' Ferric hydroxide remains undissolved. The alkaline solution is evaporated with ammonium chloride ; the residue is washed and tested for aluminium and beryllium (§ 157, a). INDEX ACIDS, testing for, 159 ^Egirine, 190 Alkali (metals) separation, 161 ; separation from magnesium, 158 Alloys, 192 ; preparation of speci- mens, 192 ; colouring of speci- mens, 193; etching of specimens, 195 ; for bearings, 217 ; for cliches, 216 ; of copper, 205 ; of gold, 220 ; of platinum, 222 ; of silver, 221 ; for types, 215 Aluminium, 103 ; testing for, in rocks, 181, 187 ; in iron, 203 ; in bronze and brass, 209 Ammonia in water, 169 Ammonium, 121 Amphibole, 183, 190 Andalusite, 192 Anorthite, 188 Antimony, 115; in alloys of copper, 204 ; in alloys of lead and tin, 215 Apparatus, 12 Arfvedsonite, 190 Arsenic, 117; acid, 118 ; elimina- tion of, 1 60 ; in alloys of copper, 204; in alloys of lead and tin, 215 Arsenious oxide, 117; in subli- mated films, 150 Augite, 174, 183, 190 BARIUM, 63 ; group, separation of sulphates, 165 Basalt, 1 80, 189 Beryl, 238 Beryllium, 44 ; separation from magnesium, 240 ; from zinc, 241 ; from yttrium, 242 Biotite, 1 88 Bismuth, 113; testing for, in alloys of copper, 204 ; in alloys of lead, 217, 218; treatment of mixed sulphates of Bi, Ca, Na, 166 Boron, 102 Brass, 207 ; aluminium brass, 209 ; manganese brass, 212 Britannia metal, 214, 215 Bromine, 132 Bronze, 205 ; statuary bronze, 208 ; aluminium bronze, 209 ; silicon bronze, 210 ; Cowles's bronze, 211 ; manganese bronze, 212 Burners for microchemical opera- tions, 19 CADMIUM, 56 ; testing for, in alloys, 216 Caesium, 35, 162 Calcium, 70 ; treatment of mixed sulphates of Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb, 165 ; of Ca, Bi, Na, 166 Camera-lucida, 14 Carbon, 101 ; combined with iron, 198 Carbonates in rocks, 176 ; in water, 168 ; precipitation of carbonates, 157 244 MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Cerite metals, 237 Cerium, 58 Chalcedony, 174 Chlorides, sublimation of, 151 ; precipitation of, 156 Chlorine, 131 Chlorite, 178 Chromite, 191 Chromium, 107 ; chromium and aluminium, 238 ; chromium in iron and steel, 201 Chrysoberyl, 238 Cobalt, 48 Colouring of metals, 193 Columbite, 228 Copper, 78 ; in iron, 203 ; alloys of copper, 205 Cordierite, 178, 182, 190 Cuprous oxide in copper, 204 Cyanite, 192 Cyanogen, 122 Cyrtolite, 233 DANALITE, 241 Didymium, 60 Disintegration of rocks, 181 Drawings of microscopic crystals, 14 EL^.OLITE, 179 Epidote, 175, 182 Erbium, 62 Etching of specimens of rocks, 175 ; of metals and alloys, 195 Euxenite, 233 Evaporation test, 146 Extraction of rocks with hydro- chloric acid, 185 ; with hydro- fluoric acid, 189 FELSPAR, 182, 183, 188 Ferroaluminium, 203 Ferrochrome, 201 Ferromanganese, 200 Ferrotungsten, 202 Filtration, 20 Fluorine, 135 GADOLINITE, 241 Garnet, 174, 182 German silver, 213 Gold, 83; alloys of gold, 220 HARDNESS, testing of minerals, 174 ; testing of metals, 193 Helvine, 241 Hematite, 174 Historical remarks, i Hornblende, 183, 190 Hydrochloric acid, examination of solutions in, 163 ; treatment of rocks with, 185 Hydrofluoric acid, treatment of rocks with, 181, 189 IDOCRASE, 182 Ilmenite, 191, 235 Introduction, xiii Iodides, precipitation of, 156 Iodine, 133 Iridium, 89, 228 Iron, 105 ; ferric compounds, 106 ; ferrous compounds, 107 ; iron in brass, 208 JASPER, 174 LABRADORITE, 188 Lanthanum, 59 Lead, 74; in brass, 208 ; in bronze, 206 ; alloyed with tin and anti- mony, 214 Leucite, 178, 189 Lithium, 34 MAGNESIUM, 42 ; separation from alkali metals, 158 ; from beryl- lium, 240 Magnetite, 174 Malacone, 233 Manganese, 46 ; in brass, 212 ; in bronze, 212 ; in iron, 194, 200 Manganine, 213 Measuring of angles, 5 ; of micro- scopical objects, 14 Mercury, 81 ; mercuric compounds, 82 ; mercurous compounds, 81 ; testing for, by sublimation, 150 Metals, antifriction, 217; forclichds, 216; precious metals, 171, 219 INDEX 245 Mica, 178, 182 Microchemical analysis, aim of, 4 Microcline, 188 Microscope, 12 Minerals, accessory, in rocks, 191 ; testing for hard minerals, 174 Molybdenum, 127 NEPHELINE, 179, 189. ' Nickel, 51 ; in alloys of copper, 213 ; in iron and steel, 203 Nickeline, 213 Niobite, 228 Niobium, no Nitric acid, 121 Nitrites in water, 169 Nitrogen, 120 CERSTEDTITE, 233 Olivine, 174, 182, 189 Opal, 174 Ores, examination of, 170 Orthoclase, 188 Osmiridium, 223 Osmium, 91 ; in platinum ore, 224 Oxalates, precipitation of, 158 Oxides, precipitation from solutions in nitric acid, 155 PALLADIUM, 87, 227 Pewter, 214 Phenakite, 239 Phosphoric acid, elimination of, from solutions, 160 ; testing for, in rocks, 180 Phosphorus, 119 ; in bronze, 206 ; in iron, 199 Platinum, 85; platinic compounds, 86 ; platinous compounds, 85 ; alloys of, 222 ; native platinum, 223 ; testing for, in ores and alloys, 172 Polymignite, 233 Potassium, 29 ; localised test for, 1 80 Pyrite, 174 Pyroxenes, 183, 190 QUARTZ, 182 REACTIONS, 29 ; table of, 137 Reagents, box for, 28 ; list of, 21 Rhodium, 89 Rhyolites, 179, 227 Rubidium, 37, 162 Ruthenium, 90 Rutile, 174, 191 SAMARSKITK, 229 Selenium, 124, 150, 156 Serpentine, 178 Silicon, 99; in bronze, 211; in iron, 199 Silver, 40 ; alloys of, 221 ; tracing of, in ores, 172 Slides, 17 Sodium, 31 ; mixed sulphates of sodium, calcium, and bismuth, 166 Specimens of metals and alloys, 192 ; of rocks, 174 Spinel, 191, 192 Staining of alumina, 181 ; of gela- tinous silica, 176 Staurolite, 191 Steel, 195, 198 Strontium, 66 Sublimation tests, 149 Sulphates, examination of, 164 ; mixed sulphates of the barium group, 165 ; double sulphates of bismuth, 166 ; double sulphates of the cerite metals, -237 Sulphur, 123 ; in copper and its alloys, 204 ; in iron, 199 TALC, 178, 182 Tantalite, 228 Tantalum, in Tellurium, 125, 150, 155 Thallium, 38, 162 Thorium, 97 Tin, 92 ; stannic compounds, 93 ; stannous compounds, -92 ; tin in bronze, 206 ; tin, alloyed with lead and antimony, 214 ; tin and arsenic, 216 ; tin and titanium, 233 ; tin and tungsten, 235 ; tin, zirconium, and silicon, 234 Titanium, 94, 233, 235 246 MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Tourmaline, 174, 191 Tungsten, 128 ; in iron, 202 ; tungsten and tin, 235 URANIUM, 130 ; allied with other rare elements, 229 VANADIUM, 109, 233 Volatile substances, testing for, 144 WATER, testing for, in solid sub- stances, 153 ; microchemical analysis of water, 167 YTTRIUM, 62, 232, 241 ZlNC, 52 ; in brass, 207 ; in bronze, 208 Zircon, 174, 191, 233 Zirconium, 96, 231 THE END Printed by R. 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