Baptizing, biblical and classical
11 'A$kos paiTTlfr)' 5vmt 5<? rot ov dtfus early. A bladder thou mayest be Immersed (Baptized), but it is not possible for thee to sink." — Conant, Baptizein, p. 11, example 24. A bladder can not sink of itself, but it may be sunk by attaching a weight thereto. The city of Athens might be very seriously injured (/foTrT/ft? )? but she could not be entirely ruined (Swat). Such seems to have been the meaning of the oracle, for when, contrary to the oracle, Sylla had taken Athens, some 224 Baptizing — Biblical and Classical. 225 Athenians went to Delphi to inquire of the oracle whether the last hour of their city was come, to which the priestess replied, " That which belongs to the bladder now has an end." The translation of Langhorne Brothers is weak, inasmuch as dipping conveys no sense of serious injury ; that of Conant is equivocal, because " Immerse" in his hands may mean either to put in and lift out of immediately, or " to put under water for the purpose of drowning, and leave the living being to perish in the immersing element." (See Baptizein, p. 89.) 15 APPENDIX D. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OF BAPTIDSO IN FIGUBATIVE USE. LXXXVIII " Most men therefore baptized pepavrurfjJvoi with ignorance, have their minds incapacitated for consola- tion with reference to afflictions; but those on the contrary, who are governed by sound reason, repel them all." — Isidorus of Pelusium, Inter, of Scripture, bk. II, ep. 76. LXXXIX "As also us, baptized pepairrKTuhovs with most grievous sins which we have done, our Christ, by being crucified upon the tree, and by water for cleans- ing, redeemed and made a house of prayer and ado- ration." — Justin Martyr, Dialogue with a Jew, LXXXVL xo "The second part the kings have received for public revenues; . . . And on account of the abundant supply from these, they do not swamp /SaTrTrj-ouo-i the common people with taxes." — Diodorus the Sicilian, Hist. Library, bk. I, ch. 73. xci Speaking of young Cleinias, confounded with 226 Baptizing — Biblical and Classical. 227 sophistical questions and subtilties of the professional disputants : " And I, perceiving that the youth was over- whelmed fSaTTTitfuevov, wishing to give him a respite,'' etc. — Plato, The Disputer, ch. vii. Consult chapter x, under Rule IV. XCII " And if thou art in affliction, fly to it for refuge; and if in wealth, receive thence the corrective; so as neither to be baptized pairTiffdrivai with poverty, nor puffed up with wealth." — Chrysostom, Discourse on Trials of Job. After the Word Had Been Used of the Christian Water Rite. xciii "The superstitious man, consulting the jugglers on his frightful dreams is told to, ' Call the old Expia- trix, and plunge P&tttutov thyself into the sea, and spend a day sitting on the ground/ "— Plutarch, On Super- stition, III. Note— The Expiatrix was an old woman supposed to have power to avert evil omens by magic lustrations.—Oonsult chap, x, p. 40. XCIY " Why do they pour sea- water into wine, and say that fishermen received an oracle, commanding to baptize Pairrlfav Bacchus at the sea?" — Plutarch, Phys- ical Questions, X. 228 Baptizing — Biblical and Classical. xcy Commenting on the apostle's words, Rom. vi, 3, he says : " We were baptized £pawTl<rernjxp says he in order that from it we might learn this : that as wool baptized pawTiffdkv in a dye is changed as to its color ; or rather (using John the Baptist as a guide when he prophesied of the Lord, ' He will baptize pawrlaeL you in the Holy Spirit and fire'). . . . Let us say this: that as steel baptized pairTifinevos in the fire kindled up by spirit (wind) becomes more easy to test whether it has in itself any fault, and more ready for being refined; . . . so it follows and is necessary, that he who is baptized pairrurdtpTa in fire (that is in the word of instruction, which convicts of the evil of sin, and shows the grace of justification) should hate and abhor unrighteousness, as it is written, and should desire to be cleansed through faith in the power of the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. " — Basil, On Baptism, bk> I, ch. ii, 10. Note.— Here are three things which, by being baptized, have come under influence: (1) Man, so under divine influence that he "hates and abhors unrighteousness;'1 (2) wool under the abiding in- fluence of color; (3) steel so under the influence of fire that it can be tested for "any fault. " Katabaptidso. 1 "KarapairTlfa, to drown ; passive, to be drowned." — Liddell and Scott's Lexicon. 1 44 For as a ship that has become filled with water is soon drowned KarapairTlfrTai and becomes deep under the Baptizing — Biblical and Classical. 229 waves, so also a man, when he gives himself up to gluttony and drunkenness, goes down the steep, and causes reason to be whelmed beneath the waves. " — Chrysostom, Discourse on Gluttony (at the end). 2 "Why is it that some die of fright? Because the physical force, fleeing too much into the depth of the body along with the blood, at once drowns and quenches KaTapawTifri ml <rp4vw<n the native and vital warmth at the heart, and brings on dissolution/' — Alex, of Aphro- disias, Medical Problems I, 16. " Titus.— Or get some little knife between thy teeth And just against thy heart make thou a hole That all the tears that thy poor eyes let fall May run into that sink, and soaking in Drown the lamenting fool in sea-salt tears. " — Titus Andronicus, act III, sc. 2. 3 Menander, in a letter to Glycera, tells why he declines King Ptolemy's invitation to visit his court in Egypt. "Is it a great and wonderful thing to see the beautiful Kile? Are not also the Euphrates, the Danube, the Thermodon, the Tigris, the Halys, the Khine among the great things ? If I am to see all the rivers, life to me will be drowned KaTapairTtaefoeTai not beholding Glycera." — Alciphron's Epistles, bk, II, epis. 3, 230 Baptizing — Biblical and Classical. A lover of an earlier time is represented as say- ing: " When I do tell thee, there my hopes lie drowned Reply not in how many fathoms deep They lie indrenched" — Troilus and Cressida, act I, sc. 1. " Stanley.— 'Richmond is on the seas.' King Richard.—' There let him sink, and be the seas on him/" — Richard III, act IV, sc. 4X 1, 463. 4 "For wine drowns /cara/3a7rWfet the reason and the understanding. . . . And what ship without a pilot, borne by the waves as it may happen, is not more safe than a drunken man?" — Basil, Discourse XIV, sec. 7. 5 Apostrophizing Hysmenias, who had been cast into the sea by command of the pilot, to appease Nep- tune, Hysmene says : "Thou, indeed, wast borne away by the swell and the rush of the wave ; but my spirit thou didst drown /care^d7TTi6as, surging round with whole seas of wail- ings." — Eustathius, Hysmenias and Hysmene, Bk. VII. "What is this absorbs me quite? Steals my senses, shuts my sight, Droivns my spirit— draws my breath — Tell me, my soul, can this be death ?" — Alex. Pope, Dying Christian to His Soul. INDEX. Aaron consecrated by pouring 173, 174 Apostles. Tertuilian on the baptism of the 206 Archimedean Screw 43 Aristobulus. Drowning of ,...103, 176, 177, 178 Ashes of heifer dissolved in water 117, 119 Authorized Version. Baptidso not translated in 189, 190 Translators of . . . their knowledge of Greek 79, 80 Bacchus baptized at the sea 227 Baptidso. I. Affirmations of Modalists. Baptist authors on meaning of 7, 229 124, 145 Biblical meaning same as classic 141, 142 Consequences not included in meaning of word 92 is derived from bapto ~ 7 expresses no more than act of immersion, 92, 99, 141, 175 Emersion not included in meaning of word 99, 100 Ground idea of 85 Immerse an equivalent of 99, 139 retains classic import in Septuagint 141, 142 is synonymous with bapto 11 why used of Christian baptism 15 Words used by Conant to translate 23 II. Biblical. in Bible a ritual or sacramental term... 188 not, as a rule, translated in N. T 189, 190 not found  212 not used of secular transactions in Bible 149, 186 Eeason for selection of, by translators 214 transferred into New Testament 79, 80, 190 used of benign influences 212 " " the Christian water rite .188, 189 231 232 Index. Baptidso. Used of ceremonial washings of Jews, 169, 190 footnote. used of heretic imitations thereof 186 III. Classic. Ability to convey idea of largest influence. ...125, 210, 211 Baptists give no reason for derivation 7 Chief fact in figurative use 124, 125 contrasted with akrothoraks .134 " louo 161, 162 Definition of 83 Demands of, not met in Naaman's case 147, 148 Destruction and death closely assoc. with, 92, 93, 107, 138 does not demand recovery of sunken objects, 83, 90, 91, 99, 100 Drown a meaning of 8, 92, 93 First use of b. for a religious rite 202 Five rules governing the use of 85, 86, 88, 92, 134 Four instances in Septuagint and Apocrypha 144, 145 in figurative use 211, 226, 227 in Josephus* works 92 mistranslated dip by Conant 108-123, 224, 225 never signifies to dip 123 not associated with pagan worship 208 not found as a synonym of bapto 8 not used of the bath 160, 163 not used when object was immediately taken out, 102, 106, 107 Peculiar use of by Clement of Alexandria 183 Secular examples showing effect of Christian use, 84, 227 True reason for derivation of 10, 94 used of an act and its consequences... 93, 94 " " anything sunk with violence, 8, 18, 20, 85, 95, 103, 106 " Christ's sufferings 187, 188 " drowning of men and animals, 8, 20, 87, 95, 97, 103 " intoxication and extreme drunkenness, 93, 121, 122, 134-137 " malign influence 212 " objects permanently sunk 88, 143 Index. 233 Baptidso. Used of objects placed in water for largest influence 92, 97, 129, 215 used of objects steeped 9, 106, 115, 117 " " sword thrusts 97, 98 " the part of an object covered with water 86 " that which exerted a potent influence, 125, 126, 138, 210 " total covering with water 85 " without reference to mode 86, 87 Why Latin Fathers did not translate 71, 74, 80-82 will not " in every case provide the water," 157, 159, 160 Whiston's translation of 92 Baptidso and bap to. Found as antonyms, never as syno- nyms 8 Each word has its own peculiar domain 10 Baptidso and immerse. Difference in figurative use between 138, 139 Baptidsontes as used by Josephus and Our Lord 176-180 Baptism a Biblical term 178, 179 Carson and Conant on Judith's 156, 157 Form of b. concealed when baptidso was selected .... 189 From whence came b. Baptized. Horror of being b. by classic Greeks 148, 149 Purpose for which Judith was 198, 201 Baptizing is consecrating 181 places of John the Baptist 193 a religious rite 179, 181, 184, 187, 201 in running water 191-194 Bapto. Able to express baptizing by dipping 11 Dale's statement concerning 12 Definition and examples of 12-14, 218, 219 demands recovery of the thing dipped 12 an equivalent of Hebrew tabal 147 Greek antonyms of 17, 18-21 has no place in controversy on baptism. Wilkes 15 Jewett on bapto to dye 12 in the Septuagint 147 rejected by the Seventy 14, 15, 24 No suggestion of violence conveyed by 8, 36 Why b. was not chosen to designate the religious rite 215 Bathe and drown contrasted 162 Burial. Entrance and withdrawal not a 46-48 Bury. Faulty use of 48 Good use of 47 Cast into. Examples of 18, 19, 94, 97 Christ consecrated by John the Baptist 199 Commission. The Great 179-181 Conant's theory not sustained 102-107 Consequences. The idea of attaching to words 92-94 Cramp on the use of baptidso by Our Lord 15 Cyprian's use of baptismus and baptize 71 Definition of words. Inaccurate 42 Dip. Antonyms of 30, 40 associated with momentary actions 55 associated with surfaces, not with depths 55 Christ did not command us to dip 16 Dale on dip 14 Definition and examples of 28, 29 describes a round trip 14, 54 Faulty uses of 43, 46, 48, 67, 68 Index. 235 Dip. Incorrect definitions of 41, 42 is not an equivalent of baptidso 25 is not a synonym of bury, immerse, sink 46-49 is now rejected by modalists 24 Total covering of object not required by 26 was rarely used by Conant to translate baptidso, 23, 24 Dipping. Characteristics of the word which describes.... 17 Human agency in 14 is not classic baptizing 146 is not immersion 59 Limitations of the act of 135 not commanded in the law 137-170 not a divinely ordained mode of baptism 16 not — as a rule — fatal to life 55, 125, 135 A presumed cleansing in 76 " Divers baptisms " 206 Doctrine that accords with all the facts. The 205 Douse. The meaning of 45 Drown. Meaning and uses of 131, 132 Drown and bathe 162 Drunk a meaning of baptidso 93, 122, 123, 134-136 Duck. Immerse. Conant's plea for use of the word 56, 57 Definition of, with examples , 52, 53 Equivocal use of 54, 58, 101, 102 No precedent for exclusive use of 71-73 if substituted for baptize in English versions 57 Immerse. Three uses of by modalists 54 Immersion fatal to human life 55 not a religious, but solely a secular act 59 Influence. Baptidso expresses idea of 138, 210 of Greek language on Latin authors 74, 78 of repetition of act, described by baptidso, on Fathers 143 Influences bearing on the early Church Fathers 74, 76 Judith consecrated to deliver her people 199, 200 not baptized in classic sense 200 Laver of the Tabernacle and Temple 173 Louo, bapto, baptidso, and the actions they signify 168 Definitions and examples of 163-166 demands cleansing of the whole 166 " total covering 161 Number of instances in Septuagint and N. T 165, 171 unlike baptidso as to synchronous total covering 161 Martyrdom and baptism 184 Maimonides on the Jewish practice of dipping 167 Meanings of words. Origin of figurative 130-133 Merge. Meaning of 51 Mergo. As used by Ambrose 71, 72 Characteristics of 50, 51, 63, 64 Definition of 60 Examples of from Latin literature 61-63, 220, 223 an equivalent of classic baptidso 77, 78 meaning not changed in early centuries 58, 59, 73 not an equivalent of Biblical baptidso 71, 82 not used with exactness by Church Fathers 73 Sheldon on its use by early Fathers 70, 71 in Tertullian's " De Baptismo." 71, footnote. used in secular sense by Tertullian 73, 74 Merrill on transference of baptisma into Eng. versions, 190 on baptidso, a " generic word with religious use ".... 184 Index. 237 Merrill. Modifications of Jewish rites 168, 169 Naaman's baptism. Conant on 144-147 Four rules not met in 147-148 his consecration to Jehovah 203, 204 not a classic baptizing 146 Overwhelm. Meaning of 130 Pegrumon 2 Kings v, 14 146 Philo on the " water of purification " 119 Plunge. Deceptive uses of 36, 37 holds few things in common with dip 37 Plunge is unlike dip 32-36 Meanings and uses of, with examples , 32-37 permits of violence 48 requires complemental words to express exit 39 Prayer. Jewish places of 193 Washing before 196-199 Preposition " iv" used in instrumental sense 171, 172 Rabbinical refinements 170 Rachats, the word used to command washing 202 Rise and sink 39 Rites. Desire for a full 76 Rites. Modification and elaboration of Jewish 168 Ritualists and ritualism 77 Robertson on opposite views 195 Romans vi, 3, 4. Incorrect interpretation of 179 Latin translations of 72 Running water 191-194 Scripture texts. 2 Kings v, 15-18 203 Matt, xxviii, 19, 20 179-181 Mark vii, 3-8 169 Luke xi, 38 190 John xiii, 9 76 1 Cor. i, 13, x. 2 182 Sink. Idea of consequences attaching to 94 Meanings and uses, with examples 37-40 requires a complemental word to express exit 39 is unlike dip 38 is used of setting sun , 68 238 Index. Stanley on use of baptidsontes by Josephus 176 degraded the word baptism 176, 178 Steep. Meaning of, with examples 9, 115, 116 Submerge 52 Sun. Words used of setting 68, 69, 88, 89 Symmachus and Aquila. Baptidso in versions of 149, 216 Synonymous terms. Jevons on lax use of 43 Synonyms critically examined 44, 45, 46 Tabal not used to command ceremonial cleansing 202 as rendered by the Seventy 147 Tears. Baptized by 183 Tertullian decides a question 206 Thought. " deep in thought" 133 Throw into 97 Tingo. In the Latin New Testament 67 in secular Latin literature 65, 66 A peculiar use of 67, 68 Power of to express baptism by dipping 65-67 Rejected as a rendering of Biblical baptidso 80, 82 Texts from the Apocrypha. Ecclesiasticus xxxiv, 2 145 Judith xii, 5-9 144, 145 Versions of Aquila and Symmachus. Baptidso in 149, 216 Washing before sacrifice and prayer 196-199 by dipping not commanded 167-174 by pouring a Jewish practice 173 in running water commanded 191-193 is not baptizing in classic sense 161 of sacrifices by pouring and sprinkling 203 Setting apart to a holy office by 201 " Water of separation." 119 rites of Judaism 206 Running w. necessary in Jewish rites 191-194 Watson on baptism 75 Wesley on mode of baptism 216, 217 Words. How the Greeks discriminated between 164 Inaccurate definitions of 41, 42 Needless qualification of certain 41 Shakespeare's clown on falsehood in 45 Index. 239 GEEEK WORDS. dvd and icard 159 aKpoddbpai; 134 dTroXotfw and Xotfw 13, 165, 169, 171, 186 diroTTvlyw 95, 96 diropfit-rrTO) 19, 154 pd\\u 19, 20, 21, 87 iix(3&\\u> 17, 18, 20 iKpdWu 17, 20, 154 KarapaWw 17, 18 PawTlfa, see Greek quotations I to XCIY. PawTlfa, with privative prefixed 110, 111 BiaPairrifr/JLciL 113 iTTlpCLTTTLfa 91, 211 KaTapairrlfr 228,-230 pdwTicrfJLa ...178, 179 §aiTTL<TfjJ)$ 207 (Saptu) 177 MK<* 154, 155 &fo, dfou 17, 19, 152 iiriStiu) 69 KaTadtiu), Karadtvw 17, 18,19, 21, 69, 87 ,91, 152 els 108, 139 iv 139,171. 172 ivtrjfii ~ 118 KCLTOL^airT L(TT 7}S , 93 Karaichijfa 90, 155 KarairopTlfr) 17, 18, 152, 154 KaTaafitvvviii 96 Karax^(o 173 fiedtw 93, 122, 152, 153 vItttcj, vlfa 164, 168, 172 wiva 93, 122 Tvty<a 163 /torrw 17, 18, 19, 20, 97, 153 T6/CCU 117, 118 Deacidified using the Bookkeeper process. Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide Treatment Date: Sept. 2005 PreservationTechnologies A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 111 Thomson Park Drive Cranberry Township, PA 16066 (724) 779-2 11 i ijiiimmmi miii LIBRARY OF CONGRESS i mil mil mi ill 0 014 665 038 7 4. 