None
Bauxite, 305, 407, 409. Beckmann, boiling-point apparatus, 97. Beckmann, freezing-point apparatus, 94. Beckmann thermometer, 95. Beequerel rays, 457. Bell metal, 462. Benzene hydrocarbons, 278. Berlin blue, 427. Berthollet, on law of constant propor- tion, 9. Beryl, 383. Bessemer converter, 422. Bessemer steel, 422. Binary electrolyte, 112. Bismuth chloride, 268. Bismuth hydroxide, 268. Bismuth, occurrence and properties, 267. Bismuth, oxides of, 268. Bismuth sulphide, 268. Bismuthyl group, 268. Bivalent, 134. Blanc, Le, method of preparing sodium carbonate, 326. Bleaching-powder, 366. 502 INDEX Bleaching-powder used in making chlo- rine, 116. Block-tin, 484. Blowing of glass, 375. Blowpipe, 293. Blowpipe, oxyhydrogen, 37. Blue vitriol, 464. Bog-iron ore, 419. Boiling-point, absolute, of a gas, 284. Boiling-point apparatus of Beckmann, 96. Boiling-point apparatus of Jones, 98. Boiling-point method of determining molecular weights, 95. Bone-ash, 372. Bone-black, 274. Boracite, 307. Borax, 307, 330. Borax bead, 330. Borax octohedral, 330. Borax, prismatic, 330. Boric acids, 308. Borocalcite, 307. Boron, 307. Boron, compounds with the halogens, 309. Boron nitride, 308. Boron, occurrence, preparation and properties, 307. Boron, specific heat varies with .the temperature, 307. Boron trioxide, 308. Boyle and Gay-Lussac, combined ex- pression of the laws of, 26. Boyle's law for gases, 24. Boyle's law for osmotic pressure, 105. Brass, 388, 462. Brauner's Periodic System, 141. Braunite, 436. Brick or fire-brick, 415. Brimstone, crude, 171. Britannia metal, 485. Bromic acid, 157. Bromine, 152. Bromine atoms and bromine ions, 154. Bromine, chemical properties of, 153. Bromine, compound of with chlorine, 158. Bromine, compound with iodine, 165. Bromine, compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, 157. Bromine, detection of, 153. Bromine, occurrence and preparation, 152. Bromine, physical properties of, 154. Bromine water, 154. Bromoform, silicon, 303. Bronzes, 408, 436, 462, 485. Bunsen and Kirchhoff, discovery of rubidium, 354. Bunsen and Kirchhoff's law of light absorption, 45. Bunsen burner, 293. Bunsen, method of determining densi- ties of gases, 87. Bunsen photometer, 297. Burning in oxygen, explanation of, 18. Burnt alum, 413. Caesium, occurrence, compounds, 355. Cadmium, 396. Cadmium molecule consists of one atom, 397. Cadmium, salts of, 397. Cailletet, liquefaction of oxygen, 27. Calamine, 387. Calcite, 368. Calcium acid carbonate, 371. Calcium carbide, 368. Calcium carbonate, 368. Calcium carbonate, decomposition curves, 370. Calcium carbonate, primary, 391. Calcium, compounds with the halogens, 365. Calcium, detection of, 376. Calcium hydride, 363. Calcium hydroxide, 364. Calcium hypochlorite, 129, 366. Calcium manganite, 438. Calcium, occurrence, preparation, and properties, 353. Calcium oxalate, 375. Calcium oxide, 363. Calcium phosphates, 372. Calcium silicate, 374. Calcium sulphate, 367. Calcium sulphides, 367. INDEX 503 Calomel, 401. Calorie, 22. Calorimeter, 22. Candle, 291. Carats, 476. Carbamate of ammonium, 360. Carbide of calcium, 368. Carbides, 295. Carbon, allotropic forms of, 272. Carbon, amorphous forms of, 273. Carbonates, formed from silicates, 302. Carbonates, hydrolyzed by water, 282, 328. Carbon burns in oxygen, 17. Carbon, compounds with halogens, 288. Carbon, compounds with hydrogen, 277. Carbon, compound with silicon, — car- borundum, 304. Carbon, different forms contain dif- ferent amounts of energy, 275. Carbon dioxide, 280-283. Carbon dioxide reduced by plants, 282. Carbon disulphide, 289. Carbonic acid, thio-, 289. Carbonic acid, trithio-, 289. Carbon monoxide, 278. Carbon monoxide, thermochemistry of, 279. Carbon, r61e of, in producing light, 291. Carbon, specific heat of, 276. Carbon suboxide, 287. Carbon tetrachloride, 288. Carbonyl compounds, 429. Carbonyl, nickel, 434. Carborundum, 304. Carnallite, 116, 333, 337, 354, 384. Caro's liquid, 195. Carre" ice machines, 206. Cassiterite, 484. Cassius, purple of, 476. Cast-iron, gray, white, 421. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen dioxide, 67. Catalytic reactions and catalyzers, 36, 187. Cathode, 50. Cation, 64, 111. Caustic, lunar, 473. Caustic potash, 336. Cavendish discovered hydrogen, 33. Celestite, 376, 377. Cells, storage, 193. Cement, 416. Cement, hydraulic, 370. Cement, Portland, 370. Cements, hydraulic, 410. Cerite, 417. Cerium, compounds of, 306. Cerussite, 478, 482. Chalcopyrite, 460. Chalcosite, 460. Chalk, 363, 369. Chamber acid, 189. Chamber crystals, 234. Chamber, leaden, 188. Chameleon, mineral, 441. Charcoal, 273. Chemical action at a distance, 425. Chemical combination, 6. Chemical elements, 4. Chemical equation, 6. Chemical properties and atomic weights, 142. Chemical reactions reversible, 179. Chemistry and Physics, relations be- tween, 1. Chemistry, science of, 7. Chili saltpetre, 158, 312. China silver, 462. Chloramide, mercurous, 406. Chlorates, 131. Chlorates, ion of chlorine, and the ion of, 131. Chlorchromic acid, 451. Chlor-electrolytic gas, 121. Chloric acid, 130. Chlorination process, 475. Chlorine, 115. Chlorine a bleaching agent, 118. Chlorine, action on hydrogen, 118. Chlorine, action on organic compounds, 118. Chlorine, action on water, 118. Chlorine a disinfectant, 118. Chlorine and hydrogen, volume rela- tions in which they combine, 121. Chlorine, an element or compound, 115. Chlorine, a strong oxidizing agent, 118. 504 INDEX Chlorine, chemical properties of, 117. Chlorine, combustion in, 117. Chlorine, compound of with bromine, 158. Chlorine, compounds with iodine, 165. Chlorine, compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, 128. Chlorine, compounds with sulphur, 195. Chlorine detonating gas, 121. Chlorine dioxide, 133. Chlorine, dry, inactivity of, 121. Chlorine, electrolytic method of pre- paring, 117. Chlorine hydrate, 119. Chlorine ion and the ion of chlorates, 131. Chlorine, liquefaction of, 120. Chlorine, occurrence and preparation, 115. Chlorine, power of to combine with oxygen, 128. Chlorine, prepared by methods of Deacon and Weldon, 116. Chlorine water, 118. Chloroform, silicon, 303. Chlorous acid, 133. Chlorsulphuric acid, 196. Chromates, 449. Chrome orange, 483. Chrome yellow, 450, 483. Chromic acid, 446, 449. Chromic acid, chlor-, 451. Chromic acid, chlorides of, 451. Chromic acid, Morse's method of pre- paring, 449. Chromic acid, per-, 451. Chromic chloride, 448. Chromic salts, 447. Chromites, 445, 449. Chromium, 445. Chromium alums, 449. Chromium, detection of, 452. Chromium, hydroxides of, 446. Chromium ions, valence and properties of, 446. Chromium, oxides of, 445. Chromium, periodical or rhythmic solu- tion in acids, 445. Chromous salts, 447. Chromyl chloride, 451. Chrysoberyl, 383, 410. Cinnabar, 171, 398, 404. Citrate soluble phosphate, 373. Clark element, 405. Clausius's electro-chemical theory, 110. Clay, 407, 414. Coal-gas, 292. Coal or stone-coal, 275. Cobalt, 431. Cobalt bead, 432. Cobalt cyanides, 432. Cobalt, double nitrite of, 433. Cobaltic compounds, 431. Cobaltite, 431. Cobaltites, 432. Cobaltous compounds, 431. Cobaltous salts, 432. Cobalt, oxides and hydroxides, 431. Cobalt salts, action of ammonia on, 433. Coins, 462. Coke, 274. Colloidal silver, 468. Colloidal solution, 424. Colloidal solution of gold, 476. Colloidal solution of platinum, 495. Colloidal solution of tungstic acid, 455. Colloids, 301. Color, change in, with change in elec- trical charge, 429. Color of permanganates, 443. Columbium, 270. Combination, chemical, 6. Combining numbers and atomic weights, 69. Combining numbers, chemical methods of determining, 69. Combining weights, law of, 11. Combustion, 18. Combustion in chlorine, 117. Combustion, increase of weight in, 19. Combustion, measurement of the heat of, 21. Combustion, oxygen used up in, 20. Combustion, phlogiston theory of, 18. Commercial fertilizer, 373. Commercial phosphate, analysis of, 373. INDEX 505 Composition changed in chemical re- action, 2. Composition of the earth, 6. Composition of water, 50. Compounds and elements', 3. Compounds with oxygen, names of, 23. Concentration element, 394. Condensation of steam, heat of, and of solidification of water, 56. Conductivities, Kohlrausch method of measuring, 112. Conductivities, molecular, 112. Conductivity measurements, dissocia- tion calculated from, 114. Conductivity method, 112. Conductivity of water, 63. Conservation and correlation of energy, 13. Conservation of energy, importance of for the science of chemistry, 13. Conservation of mass, law of, 8. Constant proportion, law of, 9. Continuity of passage from liquid to gas, 285. Cooling, effect of on flame, 295. Copper acetylene, 465. Copper, alloys of, 462. Copper ferrocyanide, 428, 465. Copper, occurrence and preparation, 460. Copper, oxides of, 462. Copper purified by electrolysis, 461, 465. Copper pyrites, 171, 460. Copper, salts of, 463-465. Correlation and conservation of energy, 13. Corrosive sublimate, 401. Corundum, 407, 409. Crafts-Friedel reaction, 411. Critical density, 284. Critical temperature and pressure, 60, 283. Critical volume, 284. Crocoisite, 445, 478. Crookes, discoverer of thallium, 417. Cry of tin, 484. Cryolite, 168, 313, 407, 412. Crystallization, fractional, 157. Crystallization or freezing, 50. Crystallization, water of, 46. Crystalloids, 301. Cupellation, 468. Cupric compounds, 462. Cuprite, 460. Cuprous compounds, 462. Curie, M. and Mine., on radioactive substances, 458. Cyanic acid, 290. Cyanic acid, sulpho-, 290. Cyanide process, 475. Cyanine, 215. Cyanogen, 289. Daguerre, 472. Daguerreotype, 472. Dalton, on the atomic theory, 12. Daniell cell, 395. Davy prepares potassium, 333. Davy prepares sodium, 313. Davy safety lamp, 295, 493. Deacon's process for making chlorine, 116. Decomposition, double, 323. Decomposition, heat of, and of forma- tion, 22. Decrepitation of sodium chloride, 317. Deliquescent, 322. Densities and molecular weights of gases, 82. Densities of gases, determination of molecular weights from, 70. Density, critical, 284. Detonating gas, 35. Detonating gas, chlorine and hydrogen, 121. " Developer," 471. Dewar, liquefaction of fluorine, 167. Dewar, liquefaction of oxygen, 28. Dewar liquefied and froze hydrogen, 43. Diacid base, 211. Diagram of sulphur, temperature-press- ure, 174. Diagram of water, temperature-pressure, 58. Dialysis, 301, 424. Dialyzer, 301. Diamond, 272. 506 INDEX Diamorphism, 172, 369. Diaspare, 409. Dibasic acid, 212. Dichromates, 450. Dielectric constant of water, 61. Diffusion of gases, law of, 41. Disinfectant, 06. Disinfectant, chlorine, 118. Dissociating power of water, 63. Dissociation by heat, 162. Dissociation by heat, of ammonium chloride, 357. Dissociation calculated from conduc- tivity measurements, 114. Dissociation electrolytic, 64. Dissociation electrolytic, measurement of, 111. Dissociation, hydrolytic, 249. Dissociation, nature of conditioned by the presence of another substance, 389. Dissociation of ammonium hydroxide, 222. Dissociation of a weak base, measure- ment of, 222. Dissociation of copper sulphate in its water of crystallization, 465. Dissociation of dry ammonium chloride, 357. Dissociation of hydrogen sulphide, 181. Dissociation of nitrates, 232. Dissociation of nitric acid, 232. Dissociation of sulphuric acid, 191. Dissociation of vapors diminished by an excess of one of the products of dissociation, 91. Dissociation, origin of the theory of electrolytic, 109. Dissolved substances affect the proper- ties of water, 63. Dissolved substances, determination of the molecular weights of, 82. Dissolved substances, molecular weights of, determined by the boiling-point method, 95. Dissolved substances, molecular weights of, determined by the freezing-point method, 93. Distance, chemical action at a, 425. Disthene, 414. Distillation, 49. Distillation fractional, 65. Disulphuric acid, 194. Dobereiner lamp, 494. Dobereiner triads, 136. Dog's grotto, 280. Dolomite, 384, 386. Double decomposition, 323. Drummond light, 364. Dry ammonia does not act on dry hydrochloric acid, 203. Dry chlorine, inactivity of, 121. Dry hydrochloric acid does not act on dry ammonia, 203. Dry hydrogen will not combine with dry oxygen, 38. Dulong and Petit's law, 75. Dulong and Petit, specific heat of car- bon, 276. Dumas, method of, 82. Dynamic condition of equilibrium, 180. Earth, composition of, 6. Earthenware or stoneware, 415. Effervescent water, 48. Efflorescent, 324, 326. Ekaaluminium, 149, 419. Ekaboron, 149, 416. Ekasilicon, 149. Electric furnace, 273. Electricity, amount of, 361. Electricity, potential of, 361. Electric light, 296. Electro-chemical theories of Clausius and Williamson, 110. Electrolysis, 50. Electrolysis of hydrogen, 45. Electrolysis of potassium hydroxide, theory of, 335. Electrolysis of water, 50. Electrolytes, 63. Electrolytic dissociation, 64. Electrolytic dissociation, measurement of, 111. Electrolytic dissociation, origin of the theory of, 109. Electrolytic dissociation, theory of, 110. INDEX 507 Electrolytic dissociation, theory of and osmotic pressure, 100. Electrolytic gas, 35. Electrolytic gas, chlorine and hydro- gen, 121. Electrolytic method of preparing chlo- rine, 117. Electrolytic process, 468. Electrolytic purification of copper, 465. Electro-plating, 434. Elements and compounds, 3. Elements and compounds, number of, 3. Elements, chemical, 4. Elements predicted by means of the Periodic System, 147. Enantiotropic, 172. Enantiotropic mercuric iodide, 403. Endothermic reaction, 225. Energy, different amounts in oxygen and ozone, 31. Epsom salt, 385. Equation, chemical, 6. Equilibrium, 180. Equilibrium, dynamic condition of, 180. Equilibrium metastable, 60. Equivalent normal solution, 211. Esters, 288. Ether, 288. Ethylene hydrocarbons, 277. Eudiometric method, 236. Eutectic alloy, 267. Euxenite, 416, 417. Faraday, liquefaction of chlorine from chlorine hydrate, 119. Faraday's law the basis of chemical valency, 134. Feldspars, 407, 414. Ferrates, 430. Ferric acid, 430. Ferric compounds, 423-430. Ferrocyanic acid, hydro-, 427, 428. Ferrocyanide of copper, 428. Ferrocyanide of potassium, 427, 428. Ferrous compounds, 423-426. Filtration, 48. "Fixing" agent in photography, 325. Flame, effect of cooling, 295. Flame, oxidizing, 294. Flame, reducing, 293. Flames and their luminosity, 292. Flint, 300. Flowers of sulphur, 171. Fluorescence, 365. Fluorine, 165. Fluorine, compound with iodine, 169. Fluorine, liquefaction of, 167. Fluorine, occurrence and preparation, 165. Fluor spar, 165, 363. Flux, 330. Formation, heat of, and of decomposi- tion, 22. Fractional crystallization, 157. Fractional distillation, 65. Franklinite, 387. Franklin, work on liquid ammonia, 205. Freezing of water, 55. Freezing, or crystallization, 50. Freezing-point apparatus of Beckmann, 94. Freezing-point method of determining the molecular weights of dissolved substances, 93. Freezing-point of water, 63. Friedel-Craft's reaction, 411. Fulminating mercury, 405. Fuming nitric acid, 232. Furnace, electric, 273. Fusible white precipitate, 406. Fusion, heat of, of ice, 56. Gadolinite, 306, 416, 417. Gahnite, 410. Galena, 171, 478. Gallium, 416. Galvanized zinc, 388. Garnets, 374, 415. Garnierite, 433. Gases, determination of the molecular weights of, 82. Gases, law of Boyle for, 24. Gases, law of Gay-Lussac for, 25. Gases, permanent, 43. Gas law as applied to osmotic pressure, exceptions, 108. Gas-pressure and osmotic pressure, causes of, 107. 508 INDEX Gas-pressure and osmotic pressure, equality of, 107. Gas-pressure and osmotic pressure, re- lations between, 104. Gas to liquid, continuity of passage from, 285. Gay-Lussac and Boyle, combined ex- pression of the laws of, 26. Gay-Lussac, law of for gases, 25. Gay-Lussac, method of for determin- ing molecular weights, 84. Gay-Lussac, numbers of atoms in equal volumes of different gases, 71. Gay-Lussac showed elementary nature of chlorine, 115. Gay-Lussac's law for osmotic pressure, 105. Gay-Lussac tower, 188. Generalizations, 7. Germanium, 305. Germanium, compounds of, 305. German silver, 388, 434, 462. Gersdorffite, 433. Gibbs, Willard, phase rule of, 59. Gilchrist-Thomas, converter, 422. Glacial phosphoric acid, 251. Glasses, colored, 374. Glass, different varieties of, 374. Glauber's salt, 323. Glazing of porcelain, 415. Glover tower, 188. Glucinum, 383. Glucinum, compounds of, 383. Gneisses, 298. Gold, 474. Gold, colloidal solution of, 476. Gold, fool's, 426. Gold, metallurgy of, 474. Gold, oxides and hydroxides of, 477. Gold plating, 476. Gold, properties of, 475. Gold, salts of, 477. Goldschmidt method of preparing chromium, 445. Goldschmidt method of preparing tung- sten, 455. Gold telluride, 474. Granites, 298. Graphite, 272. Greenockite, 397. Grotto, dog's, 280. Groups, relations within the, 144. Guldberg and Waage's law of mass action, 92. Gun-metal, 462. Gunpowder, 343. Gypsum, 363, 367. Hall method of preparing aluminium, 408. Halogen acids, comparison of the, 169. Halogens, compounds with boron, 309. Hard water, 47. Hard waters, 371. Hausmannite, 436. Heat, dissociation by, 162. Heat energy produced when oxygen and hydrogen combine, 37. Heat of combustion, measurement of, 21. Heat of condensation of steam, and of solidification of water, 56. Heat of formation and of decomposi- tion, 22. Heat of fusion of ice, 56. Heat of neutralization, 217. Heat of neutralization, explanation of constant, 218. Heat of vaporization of water, 54. Heavy spar, 378. Heinrich Rose points out that sili- cates are being converted into car- bonates, 302. Helium, 240. Hematite, 419, 423. Henry's law, 63. Hess, law of the thermoneutrality of salt solutions, 220. Hofmann, modification of Gay-Lussac's method, 84. Homologous series of compounds, 277. Homologous series of silicic acids, 302. Hornblende, 384, 387. Horn-silver, 467. Hubnerite, 455. Hydrargillite, 409. Hydration, water of, 46. Hydraulic cement, 370, 410. INDEX 509 Hydraulic mining, 474. Hydrazine, 202. Hydrazine, properties of, 208. Hydrazoic acid, method of formation, 208. Hydride of lithium, 353. Hydride of sodium, 315. Hydride of tellurium, 199. Hydrides, 40. Hydriodic acid, 161. Hydrobromic acid, 155. Hydrochlorauric acid, 477. Hydrochloric acid, 121. Hydrochlorpalladic acid, 491. Hydrochlorplatinic acid, 496. Hydrochlorplatinous acid, 496. Hydrochlorplumbic acid, 481. Hydrochlorstannous acid, 487. Hydrocyanic acid, 290. Hydroferricyanic acid, 428. Hydroferrocyanic acid, 427. Hydrofluoric acid, 168. Hydrofluosilicic acid, 304. Hydrofluozirconic acid, 306. Hydrogen, 33. Hydrogen, action on chlorine, 118. Hydrogen and chlorine, volume rela- tions in which they combine, 121. Hydrogen and hydroxyl ions combine when in the presence of one an- other, 215. Hydrogen and nitrogen, compounds of, 209. Hydrogen and nitrogen, volume rela- tions in which they combine, 202. Hydrogen, combination with oxygen, 35. Hydrogen, compounds of with metals, 39. Hydrogen, compounds with sulphur, 177. Hydrogen diffuses rapidly, 41. Hydrogen dioxide, 64. Hydrogen dioxide a good oxidizing agent, 66. Hydrogen dioxide also a reducing agent, 66. Hydrogen dioxide and water, relations between, 67. Hydrogen dioxide, catalytic decompo- sition of, 67. Hydrogen dioxide, preparation and purification, 64. Hydrogen dioxide used in preparing oxygen, 15. Hydrogen, discovered by Cavendish, 33. Hydrogen, dry, will not combine with dry oxygen, 38. Hydrogen, electrolysis of, 45. Hydrogen, liquefaction of, 42. Hydrogen liquid, Dewar's experiment with, 44. Hydrogen nascent, 40. Hydrogen persulphides, 183. Hydrogen present in all acids, 40. Hydrogen, reducing power of, 38. Hydrogen selenide, 198. Hydrogen silicide, 299. Hydrogen, solidification of, 43. Hydrogen spectrum, 44. Hydrogen sulphide, 177. Hydrogen sulphide a dibasic acid, 181. Hydrogen sulphide, dissociation of, 181. Hydrolysis, 213. Hydrolysis of carbonates, 282, 328. Hydrolytic dissociation, 249, 323. Hydroscopic substance, 223. Hydrosulphide of calcium, 367. Hydrosulphides, 181. Hydroxylarnine, 223. Hydroxyl and hydrogen ions combine when in the presence of one another, 215. Hydroxyl compounds include all bases, 210. " Hypo,1' 194, 325, 471. Hypobromous acid, 157. Hypochlorite of calcium, 366. Hypochlorous acid, 128. Hyponitrous acid, 228. Hypophosphoric acid, 251. Hypophosphorous acid, 252. " Hyposulphite," 194. Ice, artificial, preparation of, 206. Ice, heat of fusion of, 56. Iceland spar, 368. 510 INDEX Ice machines, Carre*, 206. Illumination, 291. Imperfections in the Periodic System, 151. Indicators, 212. Indicators, acidic, 213. Indicators, basic, 215. Indicators, theory of, 212. Indium, 417. Inductive capacity, specific, of water, 61. Infusible white precipitate, 406. Ink, sympathetic, 432. Intensities of light, measurement of relative, 297. lodic acid, 163. Iodide of nitrogen, 233. Iodine, 158. Iodine, compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, 163. Iodine, compound with bromine, 165. Iodine, compound with chlorine, 165. Iodine, compound with fluorine, 169. Iodine, detection of, 159. Iodine, detection of in the presence of bromine and chlorine, 160. Iodine, molecular weight in the form of vapor, 161. Iodine, occurrence and preparation, 158. Iodine pentafluoride, 169. Iodine, -tincture of, 161. Ion, chlorine, and the ion of chlorates, 131. Ion formation, modes of, 111, 425, 466, 475. Ions, 64, 110. Ions, chromic and dichromic, 451. Ions the active agents chemically, 429. Iridium, 492. Iridium compounds, 492. Iridium-osmium, 492. Iridium-platinum, 492. Iron burns in oxygen, 17. Iron chromite, 445. Iron, impure or commercial, 421. Iron, occurrence and preparation, 419. Iron oxides, 423. Iron pentacarbonyl, 279. Iron, rusting of, 420. Iron sesquisulphide, 426. Iron, spiegel, 421, 437. Iron, sulphides of, 426. Iron vitriol, 426. Iron, welding of, 420. Iron, wrought, 421. Isomeric substances, 227. Isomorphism among the alums, 413. Isomorphism, an aid in determining atomic weights, 77. Isomorphous substances, 267. Itacolumite, 272. Jasper, 300. Jones's boiling-point apparatus, 98. Kainite, 345, 384. Kaolin, 407, 414. Kelvin, on the size of atoms, 12. Ketones, 288. Kieserite, 384. Kindling temperature, 295. Kinetic theory of liquids, 286. Kipp apparatus, 35, 116. Kirchhoff and Bunsen, discovery of rubidium, 354. Kirchhoff and Bunsen's law of light absorption, 45. Kohlrausch, law of, 222. Kohlrausch, method of measuring con- ductivities, 112. Kopp, molecular heats the sum of the atomic heats, 76. Krypton, 241. Kundt's method of determining the velocity of sound in a gas, 240. Lamp-black, 274. Lamp, safety, 295. Landolt, on the law of the conservation of mass, 9. Langbeinite, 385. Lanthanum, 417. Lapis lazuli, 415. Laughing gas, 224. Lavoisier explains role of oxygen in combustion, 19. Lead, 478. Leaden chamber, 188. INDEX 511 Lead, hard, 266. Lead, hydroxides of, 480. Lead, occurrence, preparation, and properties, 478. Lead, oxides of, 479. Lead precipitated by metals, 479. Lead salts, 481-483,, Lead, sugar of, 483. Lead tree, 479. Lead, vinegar of, 483. Lead vitriol, 482. Le Blanc, method of preparing sodium carbonate, 326. Leclanche' cell, 439. Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovered eka- alum in ium — gallium, 149,416. Lepidolite, 352, 354. Leucite, 354. Light, electric, 296. Light, intensities of, measurement of relative, 297. Light, Welsbach, 296. Lime, 363. Lime, air-slaked, 365. Lime, soda, 365. Limestone, 363, 369. Lime water, 364. Linde, liquefaction of oxygen, 27. Liquids, kinetic theory of, 286. Liquid to gas, continuity of passage from, 285. Litharge, 479. Lithium, compounds of, 352-353. Lithium, discovery, preparation, and properties, 352. Lithium hydride, 353. Lithium ion, characteristic reaction of, 362. Litmus, 214. Lothar Meyer's Periodic System, 137. Low temperatures, measurement of, 43. Luminescence, 367. Luminosity, effect of pressure on, 293. Luminosity of flames, 292. Luminosity of flames affected by acety- lene, 293. Lunar caustic, 473. Luray cave, 371. Luteo compounds, 433. Lycopodium powder, 240. Lye, 333. Magnalium, 409. Magnesia, 384. Magnesia alba, 386. Magnesite, 384. Magnesium, 384. Magnesium, compounds of, 384-386. Magnesium nitride, 387. Magnesium platinocyanide, 497. Magnesium, separation of from the ele- ments of the calcium group, 387. Magnesium silicates, 386. Magnetite, 419, 423. Malachite, 460, 465. Mammoth cave, 371. Manganates, 437. Manganese, 436. Manganese, alloys of, 436. Manganese blende, 438. Manganese bronze, 436, 462. Manganese, hydroxides of, 437. Manganese, occurrence, preparation, and properties, 436. Manganese, oxides of, 436. Manganese spar, 439. Manganese tetravalent, 439. Manganese, valence and properties of, 439. Manganic acid, 437, 440. Manganic acid, per-, 437. Manganic compounds, 439. Manganites, 437. Manganous acid, 437, 440. Manganous salts, 437. Mannheim gold, 485. Mantle to Welsbach light, 296. Marble, 353, 363, 369. Marignac, on atomic weights, 80. Marl, 414. Marsh's method for detecting anti- mony, 262. Marsh's method for detecting arsenic, 255. Martin-Siemens process, 422. Mass action, 346. Mass action, law of, 91. Mass, effect in quantitative analysis, 474. 512 INDEX Mass, effect of, on chemical activity, 39. Massicot, 479. Mass, law of the conservation of, 8. Mass on chemical action, effect of, 302. Mass or size of an atom, 12. Matches, safety, 339. Matte, 460. Membranes, semi-permeable, 428. MendelSeff s Periodic System, 137. Mercuric and mercurous oxides, 400. Mercuric compounds, 401-406. Mercuric oxide used in preparing oxy- gen, 15. Mercurous compounds, 400-406. Mercury, fulminating, 405. Mercury, molecular weights of metals in, 399. Mercury molecule is monatomic, 399. Mercury, properties of, 398. Mercury, purification of, 398. Mercury salts, action of ammonia on, 405. Mercury salts, only slightly dissociated, 401. Metals, 310. Metameric compounds, 229. Metastable equilibrium, 60. Metathesis, 323. Methane hydrocarbons, 277. Methyl orange, 214. Mica, 374, 407, 415. Microcosmic salt, 329, 360. Milk of lime, 364. Minesite, 345. Mining, placer, vein, hydraulic, 474. Minium, 480. Mirrors, 469. Mitscherlich, on isomorphism an aid in determining atomic weights, 77. Mohr method of determining silver, 474. Moissan, 272, 295, 414. Moissan, apparatus and method for preparing fluorine, 166. Molecular conductivities, 112. Molecular normal solution, 211. Molecular weights and Avogadro's hy- pothesis, 72. Molecular weights, atomic weights from, 73. Molecular weights determined from the densities of gases, 70. Molecular weights of dissolved sub- stances determined by the boiling- point method, 95. Molecular weights of dissolved sub- stances, determined by the freez- ing-point method, 93. Molecular weights of gases and of dissolved substances, 82. Molecular weights of gases, determina- tion of, 82. Molybdenite, 453. Molybdenum, 453. Molybdenum, compounds of, 453- 454. Molybdic acid, 453. Molybdic acid, phospho-, 454. Monacidbase, 211,212. Monazite sand, 306, 417. Monobasic acid, 212. Monotropism, 172. Mordant, 413. Morley, on the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen, 80. Morse's method of preparing chromic acid, 449. Morse's method of preparing perman- ganic acid, 441. Morse's method of preparing semi-per- meable membranes, 102. Mortar, 370. Mosaic gold, 488. Muddy water, 48. Multiple proportions, law of, 10. Murium, 115. Nascent hydrogen, 40. Nature, the study of, 1. Needle valve, 238. Negative photograph, 471. Neodymium, 270. Neon, 241. Nernst's law of saturation, 318. Nessler's reagent, 403. Neutralization, explanation of the con- stant heat of, 218. Neutralization of acids and bases, 210, 217. INDEX 513 Neutralization of weak acids and bases, 219. New elements predicted by the Periodic System, 147. Newland's octaves, 136. Niccolite, 433. Nickel, 433. Nickel carbonyl or tetracarbonyl, 434. Nickel, compounds of, 434. Nickel-plating, 434. Nickel tetracarbonyl, 279. Nilson discovered ekaboron — scandium, 149. Nilson, discoverer of scandium, 416. Nitric acid, 229. Nitric oxide, 225. Nitride of boron, 308. Nitride of magnesium, 387, Nitrifying ferment, 341. Nitrogen, 200. Nitrogen and hydrogen, compounds of, 209. Nitrogen and hydrogen, volume rela- tions in which they combine, 202. Nitrogen, compounds with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, 233. Nitrogen, compounds with oxygen, hy- drogen, and sulphur, 221, 233. Nitrogen dioxide, 226. Nitrogen iodides, 233. Nitrogen, occurrence and preparation, 200. Nitrophenol-p, 214. Nitroprussiate of sodium, 429. Nitrosulphonic acid, 189, 234. Nitrosyl chloride, 233. Nitrosyl-sulphuric acid, 189, 233. Nitrous acid, 229. Nitrous oxide, 224. Nitryl chloride, 233. Non-electrolytes, 63. Normal solution, 112. Normal solution, equivalent, 211. Normal solution, molecular, 211. Octaves of Newlands, 136. Octivalent, 134. Oil-lamp, 291. Olivine, 387. 2L Olszewski and Wroblewski, liquefaction of oxygen, 28. Onyx, 300. Opal, 300. Orthoclase, 414. Osmium, 491. Osmium salts, 492. Osmium tetroxide, 491. Osmotic pressure, 100. Osmotic pressure and gas-pressure, causes of, 107. Osmotic pressure and gas-pressure, equality of, 107. Osmotic pressure and gas-pressure, relations between, 104. Osmotic pressure and the theory of electrolytic dissociation, 100. Osmotic pressure, Boyle's law for, 105. Osmotic pressure, demonstration of, 100. Osmotic pressure, exceptions to the applicability of the gas-laws to, 108. Osmotic pressure, Gay-Lussac's law for, 105. Osmotic pressure, Morse's method of measuring, 102. Osmotic pressure of solutions, Avo- gadro's law applied to, 106. Osmotic pressure, Pfeffer's measure- ments of, 103. Ostwald, color of permanganates, 443. Oxidation, slow and rapid, 21. Oxidizing flame, 294. Oxygen, 15. Oxygen, allotropic modification of, 29. Oxygen and hydrogen, heat energy pro- duced when they combine, 37. Oxygen and hydrogen, mixture of affected by the presence of certain substances, 36. Oxygen and hydrogen, relations by volume in which they combine, 36. Oxygen and ozone, different amounts of energy in, 31. Oxygen, combination with hydrogen, 35. Oxygen, difference between, and ozone, 31. Oxygen, dry, will not combine with dry hydrogen, 38. 514 INDEX Oxygen, liquefaction of, 26. Oxygen means acid-former, 124. Oxygen, names of compounds formed with, 23. Oxygen, occurrence in nature, 15. Oxygen, physical properties of, 24. Oxygen, power of entering into chemi- cal combination, 29. Oxygen, preparation of, 15. Oxygen, pressure of varies with the conditions, 24. Oxygen, properties of liquid, 28. Oxygen, r61e of in combustion, 19. Oxygen, substances burn readily in, 16. Oxygen, transformation of ozone into, 31. Oxygen used up in combustion, 20. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe, 37. Ozone, 29. Ozone and oxygen, different amounts of energy in, 31. Ozone, difference between and oxygen, 31. Ozone, preparation of, 29. Ozone, transformation of into oxygen, 31. Palladia acid, hydrochlor-, 491. Palladium, 490. Palladium hydride, 490. Palladium oxides, 491. Palmaer demonstration of the solution- tension of mercury, 391. Paris, plaster of, 368. Parke's method, 468. Passive condition, 421. Passive state, 232. Pattinson process, 468. Pebal's experiment, 89. Periodic System, 136. Periodic System, imperfections in the, 150. Periodic System of Brauner, 141. Periodic System of Mendele'eff and Lothar Meyer, 137. Periodic System used to correct atomic weights, 147. Periodic System used to predict the existence of new elements, 147. Permanent gases, 43. Permanganates, color of, 443. Permanganic acid, 437, 441. Permanganic acid, Morse's method of preparing, 441. Permonosulphuric acid, 195. Petit and Dulong's law, 75. Pewter, 479. Pfeffer's measurements of osmotic pressure, 103. Phase rule of Willard Gibbs, 59. Phenolphthalei'n, 213. Phenolphthalem cannot be used with weak acids nor bases, 213. Philosopher's wool, 388. Phlogiston theory of combustion, 18. Phosgene, 279. Phosphine, 245. Phosphomolybdic acid, 454. Phosphoniuin iodide, 246. Phosphorescence, 367. Phosphorite, 242, 372. Phosphorus, 242. Phosphorus, acids of, 247. Phosphorus bronzes, 462. Phosphorus burns in oxygen, 17. Phosphorus, compounds with hydro- gen, 245. Phosphorus, compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, 246. Phosphorus, compounds with the halo- gens, 253. Phosphorus, metallic, crystallized, or black, 244. Phosphorus oxychloride, 254. Phosphorus pentachloride, 253. Phosphorus pentachloride, vapor de- composed by heat, 253. Phosphorus, red, 243. Phosphorus, strengths of the acids of, 252. Phosphorus, white, 244. Phosphorus, yellow, 243. Photochemical reactions, 118. Photography, 471. Photometer, Bunsen, 297. Photophone, 197. Physical properties and atomic weights, 145. INDEX 515 Physics and chemistry, relations be- tween, 1. Pictet, liquefaction of oxygen, 27. Pig-iron, 420, 421. Pink salt, 487. Pitchblende, 456. Placer mining, 474. Plantations, saltpetre, 341. Plaster of Paris, 368. Platinic acid, hydrochlor-, 496. Platinonitrite of potassium, 497. Platinous acid, hydrochlor-, 496. Platinum black, 493. Platinum, chlorides of, 496. Platinum, colloidal solution of, 495. Platinum, double cyanides of, 497. Platinum-iridium, 492. Platinum, oxides and hydroxides of, 496. Platinum resistance thermometer, 43. Platinum sponge, 493. Platinum, sulphides of, 497. Platinum, uses of, 494. Pleonast, 410. Plumbago, 273. Plumbates, 480. Plumbic acid, hydrochlor-, 481. Plumbic acid, meta-, 480. Plumbic acid, normal, 480. Plumbites, 480. Point, transition, 172. Pollux, 355. Polonium, 458. Polymeric substances, 227. Polymorphism, 172. Porcelain, 415. Portland cement, 370. Positive photograph, 472. Potash, 336. Potash caustic, 336. Potash, red prussiate of, 428. Potash, yellow prussiate of, 427. Potassium amide, 340. Potassium bromide, 339. Potassium carbide, 346. Potassium chlorate, used in preparing oxygen, 15. Potassium, detection of, 351. Potassium does not act with dry oxy- gen, 334. Potassium ferricyanide. 428. Potassium ferrocyanide, 427. Potassium hydrazoate, 340. Potassium hydride, 335. Potassium hydroxide, 335. Potassium hydroxide prepared by the electrolysis of the chloride, 335. Potassium ion, characteristic reaction - of, 362. Potassium nitrate solubility curves, 342. Potassium, occurrence and preparation, 333. Potassium permanganate, 441. Potassium peroxide, 335. Potassium persulphate, 345. Potassium phosphorus, 348. Potassium platinonitrite, 497. Potassium, preparation of, 334. Potassium pyroantimoniate, 349. Potassium, salts of, 337-350. Potassium silicates, 249. Potassium silicofluoride, 349. Potassium silver cyanide, 473. Potassium subchloride, 338. Potassium tetroxalate, 351. Potential of electricity, 361. Praseo compounds, 433. Praseodymium, 270. Pressure, critical, 60, 283. Pressure, effect of on luminosity, 293. Pressure-temperature diagram of sul- phur, 174. Pressure-temperature diagram of water, 58. Priestley and Scheele discover oxygen, 19. Prince Rupert drops, 375. Principle of Soret, 106. Proportion, law of constant, 9. Proportions, law of multiple, 10. Proust, on the law of constant propor- tion, 10. Prout's hypothesis, 136. Prussian blue, 427. Prussiate, red, of potash, 428. Prussiate, yellow, of potash, 427. Prussia acid, 290. 516 INDEX Pseudosolutions, 301. Purple of Cassias, 476. Purpureo compounds, 433. Pyrargyrite, 467. Pyrites, 171, 419. Pyrites, arsenical, 255. Pyrites, copper, 171. Pyrolusite, 436. Quadrivalent, 134. Quartation, 475. Quartz, 298. Quinquivalent, 134. Radiation, uranium, 457. Kadioactive substances, 458. Radioactivity, 458. Radiographs, 457. Radium, 458. Ramsay determines the number of atoms in the molecule of argon, 240. Ramsay discovers argon, 239. Ramsay places rare elements in the atmosphere, in the Periodic System, 151. Rapid and slow oxidation, 21. Reaction, catalytic, 187. Reactions, reversible, 39. Reactions, reversible chemical, 179. Reaction, yield of, 180. Reducing flame, 293. Reducing power of hydrogen, 38. Regnault, molecular heats the sum of the atomic heats, 76. Resistance of water, 63. Resistance thermometer of platinum, 43. Reversible chemical reactions, 39, 179, 348. Revert phosphoric acid, 373. Rhodium, 490. Rhodocroisite, 436. Richards, on atomic weights, 80. Rock crystal, 300. Rock salt, 116. Rb'ntgen rays, 457. Rose, on mass action, 346. Rose's fusible metal, 267. Rotatory power of sodium chlorate, 321. Rouge, 423. Rubidium dioxide, 354. Rubidium hydroxide, 354. Rubidium, occurrence, preparation, properties, 354. Rubidium, salts of, 354. Ruby, 407, 409. Rupert drops, 375. Rusting of iron, 420. Ruthenate of potassium, 489. Ruthenium, 489. Rutherford, on radioactivity, 458. Rutile, 305. Safety lamp, 295. Safety matches, 339. Sal ammoniac, 203, 357. Saltpetre, 333. Saltpetre bacteria, 341. Saltpetre, Chili, 312. Saltpetre, India crude, 341. Saltpetre plantations, 341. Saltpetre, soda, 158. Salts, 215. Salts, acid, 216. Salts, basic, 216. Salts, formed from anion of acid and cation of base, 215. Salts, nomenclature of, 215. Salt solutions, explanation of the law of the thermoneutrality of, 220. Samarium, 418. Samarskite, 306. Sand, 298. Sandstone, 300. Sapphire, 407, 409. Saturated solutions, 61. Saturation, law of, 318. Scandium, 416. Scheele and Priestley discover oxygen, 19. Scheelite, 455. Schlippe's salt, 266, 331. Schonite, 385. Selenic acid, 198. Selenide of hydrogen, 198. Selenious acid, 198. Selenium, 197. Selenium, compounds of, 198. INDEX 517 Selenium, metallic, 197. Semi-permeable membranes, Morse's method of preparing, 102, 428. Senarmontite, 262. Septivalent, 134. Serpentine, 384, 386. Shapleigh, Waldron, 271. Siderite, 419. Siemens-Martin process, 422. Silicates converted into carbonates, 302. Silicates, double, 414. Silicon, 298. Silicon, acids of, 300-301. Silicon, amorphous, 299. Silicon bromoform, 303. Silicon chloroform, 303. Silicon, compounds with the halogens, 303. Silicon, compound with carbon — carbo- rundum, 304. Silicon crystalline, 298. Silicon dioxide, 299. Silicon hydrides, 299. Silicon iodoform, 303. Silicon, preparation of, 298. Silver, 467. Silver, alloys of, 469. Silver, colloidal, 468. Silver, German, 388. Silvering, 469. Silvering of glass, 469. Silver ion, 470. Silver oxides and hydroxid, 470. Silver-plated wares, 469. Silver-plating, 469. Silver, preparation of, 467. Silver, salts of, 470-474. Silver, spitting of, 468. Silver triazoate, 473. Size or mass of an atom, 12. Slaked lime, 364. Slow and rapid oxidation, 21. Smalt, 432. Smaltite, 431. Srnithsonite, 387. Soapstone, 387. Soda-lime, 365. Soda saltpetre, 158. Sodium, 312. Sodium aluminate, 410. Sodium amide, 321. Sodium ammonium phosphate, 329. Sodium chlorate rotates plane of polar- ized light, 321. Sodium, compounds with the halogens, 317. Sodium dry, does not act on dry sul- phuric acid, 314. Sodium halides, solubilities of, 320. Sodium hydride, 315. Sodium hydroxide, 315. Sodium ion, characteristic reactions of, 362. Sodium ion, the active agent, 316. Sodium nitroprussiate, 429. Sodium, occurrence of, 312. Sodium, preparation of, 313. Sodium pyroantimoniate, 331. Sodium, salts of, 319-331. Sodium subchloride, 319. Sodium sulphate, solubility curves of, 325. Sodium sulphite, hydrolytic dissociation of, 323. Sodium triazoate, 321. Sodium water-glass, 331. Soft solder, 485. Solder, 330. Solder, soft, 485. Solfatara, 171. Solidification of water, heat of, 56. Solubility, limited and unlimited, 62. Solubilities of sodium halides, 320. Solution, equivalent normal, 211. Solution, molecular normal, 211. Solutions, pseudo-, 301. Solutions, supersaturated, methods of preparations, 62. Solutions, unsaturated, saturated and supersaturated, 61. Solution-tension of metals and pri- mary cells, 393. Solution-tension of metals, demonstra- tion of, 391. Solution-tension of some of the more common metals, the relative, 393. Solvay or ammonia process of prepar- ing ammonium carbonate, 327. 518 INDEX Solvent power of water, 61. Soot, 274. Soret principle, 106. Specific heat of boron varies with the temperature, 307. Specific heat of water, 60. Specific heats, atomic weights from, 75. Specific inductive capacity of water, 61. Spectroscope, 45. Spiegel bronze, 462. Spiegel iron, 421, 437. Spinel, 410. Spiritus fumans Libavii, 487. Spitting of silver, 468. Spodumene, 352. Sponge, platinum, 493. Stannates, 486. Stannate, sulpho-, 487. Stannic acid, 486. Stannous acid, hydrochlor-, 487. Stannous and stannic hydroxides, 486. Stannous and stannic oxides, 486. Stannous chloride, 486. Stalactites, 371. Stalagma, 371. Stalagmites, 371. Stas, on atomic weights, 80. Steam, heat of condensation of, 56. Steel, 422. Steel, Bessemer, 422. Stereoisomerism, 229. Stibine, 261. Stibnite, 171. Still, 49. Stokes, on Rontgen rays, 457. Stolzite, 455. Stoneware or earthenware, 415. Storage battery, 483. Storage cells, 193. Strass, 374. Stromeyerite, 467. Strontianite, 376. Strontium, detection of, 377. Strontium, occurrence, preparation, properties, 376. Strontium, salts of, 377. Study of nature, 1. Sublimation of iodine, 161. Substitution, 119. Sugar of lead, 483. Sulphide, hydrogen, 177. Sulphides, 172. Sulphides, acid, 181. Sulphocyanic acid, 290. Sulphonic acid, nitro-, 234. Sulphur, 171. Sulphur burns in oxygen, 17. Sulphur, compounds with chlorine, 195. Sulphur, compounds with hydrogen, 177. Sulphur, compounds with hydrogen and oxygen, 193. Sulphur, compounds with oxygen and hydrogen, 184. Sulphur, compounds with the halogens and sulphur, 195. Sulphur, difference between the poly- morphous forms, 172. Sulphur, flowers of, 171. Sulphuric acid, 187. Sulphuric acid, chlor-, 196. Sulphuric acid, di-, 194. Sulphuric acid, dissociation of, 191. Sulphuric acid dry, does not act on dry sodium, 314. Sulphuric acid, nitrosyl-, 189, 233. Sulphuric acid, per-, 194. Sulphuric acid, permono-, 195. Sulphuric acid, pyro-, 194. Sulphuric acid, thio-, 194. Sulphur, occurrence and purification, 171. Sulphurous acid, 185. Sulphurous acid, hydro-, 194. Sulphurous acid, strength of, 186. Sulphur, roll or stick, 171. Sulphur, temperature- pressure diagram of, 174. Sulphur, vapor-density of, 174. Sulphur water, 48. Sulphuryl chloride, 196. Sulphuryl chloride, pyro-, 196. Supercooling and superheating of water, 56. Supercooling, removal by solid phase of same substance, 57. Superheating and supercooling of water, 56. INDEX 519 Supersaturated solutions, 61. Supersaturated solutions, methods of preparation, 62. Sylvine, 116, 337. Sylvite, 333. Sympathetic ink, 432. Talc, 384, 386. Tantalum, 271. Tartar emetic, 263. Telluric acid, 199. Tellurious acid, 199. Tellurium, 198. Tellurium, compounds of, 199. Tellurium hydride, 199. Temperature, critical, 60, 283. Temperature, determination of the ab- solute, 26. Temperature, kindling, 295. Temperature-pressure diagram of sul- phur, 173. Temperature-pressure diagram of water, 58. Tempering of steel. 423. Ternary electrolyte, 112. Thallium, 417. Than's experiment, 90. Thenardite, 323. Thermometer of Beckmann, 95. Thermometer, platinum resistance, 43. Thermoneutrality of salt solutions, ex- planation of the law of, 220. Thilorier's mixture, 283. Thionic acids, poly-, 195. Thomas-Gilchrist converter, 422. Thomas slag, 422. Thomson, J. J., electrolyzed hydrogen, 45. Thorite, 306, 418. Thorium, 306. Tin, 484. Tin, allotropic forms of, 485. Tin, alloys of, 485. Tin-butter, 487. Tin, cry of, 484. Tincture of iodine, 161. Tin ions, 485. Tin-pest, 485. Tin, preparation and properties of, 484. Tin-salt, 487. Tinstone, 484. Tin, sulphides of, 487. Titanic acid, 305. Titanite, 305. Titanium, 305. Titanium, compounds of, 305. Topaz, oriental, 409. Tourmaline, 352, 387. Towers, Glover and Gay-Lussac, 188. Transition point, 172. Traube, preparation of semi-permeable membranes, 100. Tree, lead, 479. Triacid base, 211. Triads of Dobereiner, 136. Triazoic acid, methods of formation, 208. Tribasic acid, 212. Triphylite, 352. Trivalent, 134. Tungsten, 454. Tungsten, chlorides of, 455. Tungstic acid, 455. Tungstic acid, colloidal solution of, 455. Tuugstic acids, poly-, 456. Turnbull's blue, 428. Type metal, 479. Ultramarine, 415. Ultramarine, yellow, 450. Univalent, 134. Univalent ions, 361. Un saturated solutions, 61. Uranates, 457. Uranic acids, 457. Uranite or pitchblende, 456. Uranium, 456. Uranium, chlorides of, 457. Uranium, oxides of, 456. Uranium radiation, 457. Uranium yellow, 457. Uranyl group, 457. Valence, variable, 406. Valency, 134. Valency, Faraday's law the basis of, 134, Valve, needle, 238. Vanadium, 270. 520 INDEX Van't Hoff on osmotic pressure, 105. Vapor-densities, abnormal, 87. Vapor- densities, abnormal, explanation of, 88. Vapor-density measurements, results of, 87. Vapor-density of sulphur, 174. Vaporization of water, heat of, 54. Vapors, dissociation of, diminished by an excess of one of the products of dissociation, 91. Vapor-tension of water in its different states of aggregation, 58. Variable valence, 406. Vein mining, 474. Velocity of a reaction, 161. Verdigris, 465. Vermilion, 404. Victor Meyer, gas-displacement method of, 85. Victor Meyer, on the vapor-density of iodine, 161. Vinegar of lead, 483. Vitriol, blue, 464. Vitriol, green, 426. Volatile compound, whenever it can be formed it is formed, 191. Volhard's method of determining silver, 474. Volume, critical, 284. Volume relations in which hydrogen and chlorine combine, 121. Volume relations in which hydrogen and oxygen combine, 36. Volumes, atomic, 145. Volumes, atomic, curve of, 146. Volumetric method, 474. Waage and Guldberg's law of mass action, 92. Walden's work on liquid sulphur di- oxide, 185. Wanklyn and Robinson's experiment, 90. Water, analytical method of determin- ing the composition of, 61. Water and hydrogen dioxide, 46. Water and hydrogen dioxide, relations between, 67. Water as it occurs in nature is impure, 46. Water, a stable compound, 52. Water, boiling-point of, 54, 63. Water, composition of, 50. Water, conductivity of, 63. Water, dielectric constant of, 61. Water, dissociating power of, 63. Water, effervescent, 48. Water, electrolysis of, 50. Water, freezing of, 55. Water, freezing-point of, 63. Water-gas, 279, 292. Water-glass, 331. Water, heat of condensation of steam and solidification of, 56. Water, heat of vaporization, 54. Water, muddy, 48. Water, not an element, but a com- pound, 50. Water of crystallization, 46. Water of hydration, 46. Water, physical properties of, 54, 60. Water, properties affected by dissolved substances, 63. Water, purification of, 48. Waters, hard, 47, 371. Waters, mineral, 47. Water, solvent power of, 61. Water, specific heat of, 60. Water, specific inductive capacity of, 61. Waters, permanently hard, 372. Waters, temporarily hard, 371. Water, sulphur, 48. Water, superheating and supercooling of, 56. Water, synthetical method of deter- mining the composition of, 52. Water, temperature-pressure diagram of, 58. Water, vapor-tension of in its different states of aggregation, 58. Weak acids and bases, explanation of results with, 219. Weak acids and bases, neutralization of, 219. Weight, increase of in combustion, 19. Weights, law of combining, 11. INDEX 521 Welding of iron, 420. Weldon mud, 440. Weldon process for making chlorine, 116, 438. Welsbach light, 296. Weston cadmium element, 405. Wheatstone bridge, 113. White lead, 482. White, permanent, 380. Williamson's electrochemical theory, 110. Winkler discovered ekasilicon — germa- nium, 149, 305. Witherite, 378. Wohler, first prepared aluminium, 407. Wolframite, 455. Wollastonite, 374. Wood burns in oxygen, 16. Wood's fusible metal, 267. Wool, philosopher's, 388. Wroblewski and Olszewski, liquefaction of oxygen, 28. Wrought-iron, 421. Wulfenite, 453, 478. Xenon, 241. Yellow prussiate of potash, 427. Yellow ultramarine, 450. Yield of the reaction, 180. Ytterbium, 417. Yttrialite, 417. Yttrium, 417. Zeolites, 415. Zero absolute, can it be realized experi- mentally ?, 44. Zero absolute, of temperature, deter- mination of, 26, Zinc, 387. Zinc amalgam, 388. Zinc blende, 171, 387. Zinc dust, 387. Zinc, galvanized, 388. Zinc, granulated, 387. Zinc oxide and hydroxide, 388. Zinc precipitated by copper, 466. Zinc, salts of, 389-390. Zinc, use of in primary batteries, 391. Zinc white, 388. Zircon, 306. Zircon, compounds of, 306. Zirconium, 306. The Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation AND SOME OF ITS APPLICATIONS By HARRY C. JONES Associate Professor in Physical Chemistry in the Johns Hopkins University Cloth. i2mo. $1.60, net " I have tried several of the German works, small and large, and I have no hesitation in saying that Professor Jones's presentation is the simplest, clearest, and most adequate in any language." — Professor S. F. BARKER, Johns Hopkins University. " It is a text-book which will supply a long-felt want to teachers who have to do with students unfamiliar with the German language. . . . The examples chosen are apt, well described, and clearly ex- plained. With this book and Professor Walker's Introduction to Physical Chemistry our students have now a remarkably good presen- tation of the subject in English." -Professor J. W. WALKER, Me Gill University. 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