None
of concentrated sulphuric acid diluted with 100 cc. of water (avoid accident by pouring the acid into the water with constant stirring) are now added and the solution is boiled to expel the evolved SC>2. The resulting leucomethylene blue is oxidized by the addi- tion of 8 grams of neutral sodium chromate in a little water. 488 COAL-TAR DYES The dye is precipitated by the addition of salt, until on stirring no more will dissolve. The base so produced is filtered off and dissolved in a little boiling water to which a small amount of hydrochloric acid has been added, and the hydrochloride formed is precipitated out by common salt, filtered and dried between folds of filter- paper. EXPERIMENT 43 Indigomonosulpho Acid. Pulverize 5 grams of indigo as finely as possible and treat it with 20 grams of concentrated sulphuric acid in a porcelain dish for not more than half an hour, stirring well from time to time. Pour the resulting product into a half liter of water. Stir the liquid thoroughly and allow to settle for an hour. Carefully pour off the blue liquid through a filter so as not to disturb the residue. Transfer this residue to the filter and wash twice with water. Wash out the solid substance from the filter into a beaker; add 100 cc. of water and then slowly add a solution of caustic soda until the liquid is alkaline. Filter from any unchanged indigo and evaporate the solution on the water-bath. The dry product is a sodium salt of indigomonosulpho acid, often called indigo purple, red extract of indigo, and red indigo carmine, mixed with sodium sulphate. ONH C=C<' >C6H4 + H2S04 = v»vr ^CO' Indigo NIL NH C6H4<^ \C=CS \C6H3SO3H + H2O Indigomonosulpho acid WIT NH C6H4/ \G= C/ \C6H3S03H + NaOH = \C(K ^C(K NH NH C6H4/ /C=C\ ^>C6H3S03Na + H2O Sodium indigomonosulpho nate EXPERIMENTAL WORK 489 EXPERIMENT 44 Indigodisulpho Acid. Sulphindigotic Acid. Five grams of finely pulverized indigo are -mixed thoroughly with 60 grams (or 33.3 cc.) of strong sulphuric acid and heated to 90° for half an hour. Pour the resulting pasty mass slowly with constant stirring into 300 cc. of water. Any unchanged indigo is removed by filtering and at the same time any insoluble indigomonosulpho acid. The blue filtrate contains the indigodisu pho acid. By adding to this a saturated solution of common salt, the sodium salt of the acid is pre- cipitated. The precipitate is collected upon a filter and washed with a saturated solution of salt. It is dried by press- ing on a porous plate or between folds of filter-paper. The product is indigo carmine: NH NH Na03SC6H3/ \C=C/ J> X \ C6H3S03Na Indigo carmine, Sodium indigodisulphonate EXPERIMENT 45 Dioxytartaric Acid CO2HC(OH)2 • C(OH)2CO2H or CO2H CO • CO CO2H Forty grams of tartaric are gently warmed with 80 grams of fuming nitric acid until dissolved. An equal volume of con- centrated sulphuric acid is slowly added with stirring and the whole is allowed to stand over night. The resulting crystalline magma is then stirred into ice and water, and the solution is left to stand three or four days, after which it is neutralized with sodium carbonate. Ihe nearly insoluble sodium dioxytartrate which separates is filtered off, washed and dried. Phenylhydrazin-p-sulphonic Acid. Forty grams sodium salt of sulphanilic acid are diazotized in the usual way by employing 48 grams hydrochloric acid and 12 grams of sodium nitrite. The well-cooled solution is poured into a solution of 50.4 grams of pure sodium bisulphite. The liquid becomes 490 COAL-TAR DYES reddish yellow, red, and then yellow again. It is allowed to stand over night. Hydrochloric and zinc are gradually added with stirring until the solution is completely decolorized, after which it is boiled, filtered and evaporated to the point of crys- tallization. Yield 85 per cent. Tartrazine. Ten parts of sodium dioxytartrate are stirred into 16 parts of water and warmed to 40° C. when the required amount of hydrochloric acid (13 parts) is added. The solution is filtered and added to a clear solution of 20 parts of phenyl- hydrazine-p-sulphonic acid dissolved in 60 parts of water con- taining 10 parts of 30 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide. The mixed solutions are warmed to 80° C. and allowed to cool when the precipitate of tartrazine is filtered off, pressed, and dried. INDEX The capital letters in parentheses attached to many names of dyes stand for the names of firms manufacturing them, the meaning of which is shown in the following list: A B By BK C D DH H I K L Lev. M Mo. Actiengesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation, Berlin. Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik, Ludwigshafen. Farbenfabriken vorm, Fr. Baeyer & Co., Elberfeld a. Rhein. Leipsiger Anilinfabrik Beyer & Kegel, Lindenau-Leipsig. Leopold Casella & Co., Frankfurt a. M. Dahl & Co., Barmen. L. Durand, Hugenin & Co., Basle and Hur.igen. Read Holliday & Sons, Limited, Huddersfield. Soci^te1 pour I'lndustrie Chimique. Rasle. Kalle & Co., Biebrich a. Rhein. Farbwerk Mulheim (formerly A. Leonhard). Levinstein, Crumpsall Vale, Manchester. Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Briining, Hochst a. M. Socie'te' Chimique des Usines du Rhone (formerly Gilliard, Mounet & Cartier). Acetanilide, m-p-diaminobenzene, 35 Acid azo dyes, 156 Acid blue 6 G. (C), 123 Acid dyes, 142 Acid green (By), 118 Acid green (C), 111 Acid magenta (H), 109 Acid rhodamines, 270 Acid rosamine A, 272 Acid roseine (A), 109 Acid rubine (A), 109 Acid yellow (A), 157 Acid violet 6B (G), 126 Acridine, 42, 335 Acridine dyes, 334 Acridine orange NO, 337 Acridine orange R, 339 Acridine yellow, 336 Algol blue 3R, 439 Algol brilliant orange FR, 439 Algol brilliant-red 2B, 440 Algol brilliant violet R, 440 Algol olive R, 440 Algol pink R, 439 Algol red 5G, 439 Algol red R extra, 439 Algol scarlet G, 439 Algol violet B, 440 Algol yellow 3G, 439 Algol yellow R, 439 Algol yellow WG, 439 Albumin dyes, 143 Aldehydes, 60 Alizarine, 3 Alizarin dyestuffs, 347 Alizarin orange A, 363 Alizarin, reactions of, 358 Alizarin recovery, 358 Alizarin red S, 364 Alizarine yellow F.S., 223 Alizarine yellow G.G., 211 Alizarine yellow R, 211 Alizarin violet, 357 Alizarin yellow A, 486 Alkali blue, 483 Alkali blue (A), 114 Alpha-naphthylamine, 39 Alum mordant, 400 Aluminates, 410 Aluminum acetate, 407 Aluminum acetates: basic, 408 Aluminum chloride acetate, 412 Aluminum nitrate acetate, 412 491 492 INDEX Aluminum salts, 405 Aluminum sulphate acetate, 409 Aluminum sulphates: basic, 405 Amaranth (C), 169 Amaranth, 228, 229 Amethyst violet, 313 Amines, 30 Amine phenyl, 30 diphenyl, 30 triphenyl, 30 Amines, primary, 30 secondary, 40 tertiary, 40 Aminoazobenzene, 47, 184, 466 Aminoazobenzene chloride, 152 Aminoazobenzene hydrochloride, 45 Aminobenzene sul phonic acids, 51 p-Aminodimethylaniline, 462 Aminonaphthalenes, 39 Aminosulphonic acids, 51 Aminotuluene sulphonic acids, 52 Aminoxylenes, 37 Ammonia, 30, 33 Ammonium base of pararosaniline, 85 Anhydroformaldehyde-o-toluidine, 87 Aniline, 31, 32, 33, 421 oil for blue and black, 34 oil for red, 34, 37 salts, 34 Aniline and bleaching powder, 424 Aniline black, 343 Aniline blue (B), 95 Aniline salts, 454 Aniline yellow, 218 Aniline yellow (DH), 152 Anthracene, 23, 349 Anthracene : sulphur derivatives, 440 Anthracene yellow B. N., (C), 174 Anthracite black B, 219 Anthraflavone G, 430 Anthranol, 437 Anthraquinone vat dyes, 429 Anthraquinone, 350 /3-Anthraquinone disulpho acid, 362 Antidiazo compound, 151 Aposafranines, 322 Armstrong's 5-acid, 50 Arsenic acid method, 82 Atlas red, 210 Auramine (B), 132 Auramine O (B), 132 Auramine O, 481 Aurantia, 67 Aurine, 129 Auxochrome, 14i Azine green G.B., 330 Azo blue, 220 Azococcine, 2R, 212 Azocochineal, 213 Azo compounds, 46 Azo dyes, 147, 210 Azoeosine (By), 171 Azoflavine (B), 161 Azofuchsine B, 212 Azofuchsine G (By), 169 Azo group, 147 Azo orange R, 226 Azorubin, 214 Azoxystilbene disulpho acid, 207 Azo yellow (BK), 161 B Baeyer, Adolph, 4 Bamberger, 151 Basle blue R, 329 Basic azo dyes, 152 Bavarian blue (spirit soluble) (A), 97 Benzaldehyde, 60, 233 Benzaldehyde green (KB), 103 Benzal chloride, 25 Benzal green (O), 103 Benzanthrone, 438 Benzene, 13, 14, 417 mono-derivatives, 15 di-derivatives, 15 tri-derivatives, 17 Benzene disulphonic acids, 49 INDEX 493 Benzene monosulphonate of cal- cium, 48 Benzene monosulphonic acid, 48 Benzene sulphonic acid, 48, 49 Benzidine, 38, 194, 220 Benzidine sulphonic acids, 52 Benzoazurine G, 220 Benzo black blue G, 223 Benzo black R, 223 Benzo blue R, 223 Benzo brown G, 225 Benzoflavine, 341 Benzo olive, 223 Benzo orange R (By), 203 Benzopurpurin 4B (By), 196 Benzopurpurin B, 219 Benzopurpurin 10B, 222 Benzotrichloride, 25 Benzoyl green, 103 Benzyl chloride, 25, 61 Benzyl violet (BK), 91 Benzylidine chloride, 25 Biebrich scarlet (K), 186 Bindschedler's green, 277 Bismarck brown (A), 154 Bitter almond oil green (KB), 103 Bituminous coal, 5 Black azo dyes, 189 Bloomstrand, 150 Bordeaux B.X., 219 Bordeaux S (A), 169 Bordeaux extra (By), 204 Brilliant black B (B), 191 Brilliant congo G, 221 Brilliant croceine M (C), 186 Brilliant green (B), 106 Brilliant orange G (M), 164 Brilliant orange R, 212 Brilliant ponceau G. G. (C), 164 Brilliant scarlet (Lev.), 168 Brilliant yellow (Sch), 209 Butler yellow, 154 Carbazol yellow, 222 Carbazotic acid, 63 Carbolic acid, 57 Carbolic oils, 10 Caro, Heinrich, 4 Ceracine, 166 Chicago blue 6B, 222 Chrome violet (By), 129 Chrome yellow D (By), 174 Chromium acetates, basic, 414 Chromium chloride acetates, 414 Chrome green (By), 128 Chromium mordants, 412 Chromium sulphate, 413 Chromate thiocyanate, 414 Chromogen, 143 Chromophore, 143 Chromotrope, 175 Chromotrope 2B (M), 177 Chromotrope 6B (M), 178 Chromotrope 8B (M), 179 Chromotrope 10B (M), 179 Chromotrope 2R (M), 176 Chromotropic acid, 176 Chrysamine G (By)? 202 Chrysoidine (A), 156 Chrysoine, 214 Chrysophenine, 222 Ciba Bordeaux B, 429 Ciba dyes, 419 Cibanone black B, 441 Cibanone blue 3G, 441 Cibanone yellow R, 441 Ciba red B, 428 Ciba scarlet G, 420 Citronine (DH), 161 Classification of dyes, 141. 145 Cloth red B, 219 Cloth red B (By), 189 Cloth red G, 218 Cloth red 3B, 219 Cloth scarlet G, 219 Coal-tar, 5 Cochineal red A (B), 168 Cochineal scarlet G (Sch), 165 Cochineal scarlet P. S. (By), 170 Cochineal scarlet 2R, 211 Coeruleine, 269 494 INDEX Color base, 85 Columbia black F. B., 224 Columbia black R, 223 Columbia green, 224 Comparison of dyes, 135 Congo brown G, 224 Congo brown R, 224 Congo corinth G (A), 197 Congo red, 220 Congo red (A), 194 Congo rubin (A), 204 Congo violet (A), 204 Cotton blue (L), 111 Cotton fiber, 403 Cotton red 4B (B), 196 Cotton scarlet 3B (K), 186 Cotton yellow R, 215 Cfocein 3B, 219 Crocein orange (By), 164 Crocein scarlet O, 219 Crocein scarlet 8B, 219 Crumpsall yellow, 215 Crystal violet, 480 Crystal violet (By), 92 Crystal violet C (P), 92 Crystal violet 0 (M), 92 Cumidine, 38 ^-Cumidine, 229 Cyanol extra (C), 123 Cyclamine, 262 D Dahlia, 87 Dehydrothiotoluidine, 444 Developing dyes, 143 Diamine black B.H., 220 Diamine black R.O. (C), 199 Diamine bronze G, 223 Diamine brown M (C) , 201 Diamine fast red F, 220 Diamine fast red F (C), 200 Diamine green G, 224 Diamine sky blue, 222 Diamine violet N (C), 198 p-Diamino-diphenylamine, 304 Diamino stilbene disulpho acid, 206 Diaminotriphenylmethane, 81 Diamond black F (By), 187 Diamond black F, 219 Diamond flavine G, 213 Diamond green, 219 Diamond green B (B), 103 Diamond green (By), 188 Diamond green J, 106 Diamond yellow, 216 Diamond yellow G, 216 Diazoaminobenzene, 465 Diazobenzene chloride, 43, 44, 45 Diazobenzene nitrate, 148 sulphate, 148 Diazo compounds, 43, 147 Diazonium chloride, 150 Diazotizing, 148 Dibromodioxyanthraquinone, 257 Dibromodioxybenzoylbenzoic acid, 256 Diethylmetaminophenol, 264 Dimethylaniline, 41 Dimethyl-m-amino phenol, 249 Dinitrobenzene, 420 ra-Dinitrobenzene, 27 Dinitrobenzenes, 15 Diparadioxybenzophenone, 80 Diphenylamine blue (KS), 97 Diphenylmethane dyes, 132 Diphenyltolyl methane, 80 Disazo dyes, primary, 216 secondary, 218 Direct blue (M), 97 Direct brilliant orange 3R (PL), 203 Double brilliant scarlet G, 215 Double green (K), 93 Dye salts, 142 Ebert and Merz's /3-acid, 51 Emerald green (BK), 106 Eosine, 255, 477 Eosine B.N., 259 Eosine orange, 258 Eosine salts, 479 Erioglaucine A (G), 125 INDEX 495 Erika B, 213 Ethyl green (A), 95, 106 Erythrosine, 228, 231, 258 Ethyl violet (B), 90 Eurhodines, 295 Experimental work, 448 F Fast acid blue R, 273 Fast acid violet B, 271 Fast blue (Br), 114 Fast brown, 217 Fast brown 3B (A), 167 Fast brown G, 218 Fast green (By), 69 Fast green (C), 103 Fast green J (MO), 106 Fast neutral violet B, 311 Fast ponceau 2B, 219 Fast red, 214 Fast red A (A), 166 Fast red B.T., 213 Fast red E.B. (B), 169 Fast red D, 214 Fast red D (B), 169 Fast violet A, 271 Fast violet (reddish), 219 Fast yellow G (DH), 157 Fast yellow R (K), 158 Ferrous sulphate, 415 Firn blue (J), 101 First runnings, 9 Fisher, Emil, 78 Fisher, Otto, 78 Flavinduline, 331 Flavopurpurin, 361 Fluorescein, 253, 476 Food dyes, 236 Formaldehyde process, 83 Formic aldehyde, 60 Fractional distillation, 7 Fuchsine (B), 75 Fuchsine S (H), 109 G Galleine, 267 G-acid, 56 Gallic acid, 59 Gambine R (H), 70 Gambine Y (H), 70 Gentian blue 6B (A), 95 Gentianine, 288 Glacier blue (J), 101 Griess, 152 Guinea green B (A), 116 MM Hantzsch, 85, 151 Helianthine (B), 159 Helindone dyes, 419 Henlindone fast scarlet R, 429 Helindone gray B.R., 429 Helindone gray 2B, 429 Helindone orange D, 429 Helindone orange R, 429 Helindone pink B.N., 429 Helindone red B, 428 Helindone red 3B, 428 Helindone scarlet S, 429 Helindone violet 2B, 429 Heliotrope B, 2B, 315 Heliotrope 2B (A), 205 Helvetia green (Bi), 111 Hessian blue, 95 Hessian bordeaux (L), 207 Hessian brown M.M., 225 Hessian purple N (L), 208 Hessian violet (L), 208 Hoffman, 78 Hoffman's violet (L), 87 Hydrazines, 45 Hydrazobenzene, 46 Hydrone blue R, 442 Hydrone yellow G, 442 I imperial scarlet (By), 186 ndamines, 275 ndanthrene blue, 431 ndanthrene dark blue B.O., 436 ndanthrene gold orange, 432 ndanthrene gold orange R, 433 ndanthrene green B, 438 496 INDEX Indanthrene olive G, 440 Indanthrene scarlet G, 433 Indanthrene R.C., 432 Indanthrene violet R, 438 Indanthrene yellow G, 436 Indian yellow (By), 161 Indian yellow 3G, 420 Indigo, 418 Indigo blue, 233 Indigo derivatives, 419 Indigo disulpho acid, 228, 233, 489 Indigo: homologues, 421 Indigoid dyes, 418 Indigotine, 418-419 Indigomonosulpho acid, 488 Indirubin, 422 Indophenol, leuco, 280 Indophenol blue, 281 Indophenols, 279 Indoine blue R, 216 Indrazine M, 319 Ingram colors, 180, 447 Iron compounds, 415 Iron liquor, 415 Iso-indigotine, 423 Isomers, 17 Isopurpurin, 362 Isorosindulines, 328 Isorubin, 86 Italian green, 397 Janus red, 219 Jet black R (By), 192 K Kaiser yellow, 67 Kekule, August, 3, 78, 107, 150 Ketone blue 4B.N. (M), 107 Lanacyl blue B.B. (C), 173 Lanacyl violet B (C), 172 Lauth's violet, 282 Leather brown, 154, 217 Leather yellow, 310, 341 Leuco base, 85 Light green (KB), 93 Light green S.F. bluish (B), 118 Light green S.F. (yellowish), 232 Light green S.F. yellow shade (B), 121 London blue extra (BrS), 111 M Madder, 347 Magdala red, 316 Magenta (H), 75 Malachite green, 426, 473 Malachite green (A), 103 Malachite green G (B), 106 Malachite green, leuco base, 104 Malberry blue, 88 Manchester brown (C), 154 Martius yellow (BK), 65 Mauve, 2, 314 Mekong yellow G, 226 Mekong yellow R, 226 Meldolas blue, 291 Mene, 152 Mesidine, 272 Metaaminobenzene sulphonic acid, 51 Metabenzenedisulpho acid, 58 Metanil yellow (A), 161 Metaminophenol, 263 Methyl-benzyl aniline, 233 Methyl blue (C), 113 Methylene blue, 284, 463, 487 Methylene green, 287 Methylene violet R. R.A., 3R.A., 312 Methyl green (By), 93 Methyl orange, 159, 430 Methyl violet (A), 6B, Methyl violet B (A), 94 Methyl violet B or 2B (A), 88 Milling blue, 319 Milling yellow (D), 174 Monochlorbenzene, 24 Mordant dyes, 400 Mordants, 400 INDEX 497 Mordant yellow (B), 174 Muscarine, 292 N Naphthalene, 10, 19, 250 structure, 20 di-derivatives, 22 tri-derivatives, 22 discovery, 23 Naphthalene disulphonic acids, (1:5), 50 Naphthalene disulphonic acid, (2:6), 51 Naphthalene indigo, 422 Naphthalene monosulphonic acids, 49 Naphthalene red, 222 a-Naphthalene sulphonic acid, 49 /3-Naphthalene sulphonic acid, 50, 437 Naphthionic acid, 56, 229 a-Naphthol, 59, 231 0-Naphthol, 59, 470 Naphthol black B (C), 191 /3-Naphthol-disulpho acids, 55 /3-Naphthol-disulpho acid R, 229 1-Naphtho' 2 • 4 • 7-disulpho acid, 232 Naphthol green B (C), 71 /3-Naphthol monosulphonic acid, 71 Naphthols, 59 Naphthol yellow S (B), 66 Naphthol yellow S, 228, 232 /3-Naphthylamine, 39, 40 Naphthylamine black D, 219 Naphthylamine black D (C), 191 Naphthylamine black 4B (C), 192 Naphthylamine brown, 214 Naphthyl dyes, 320 Navy blue B (I), 111 Nencki, 4 Neutral blue, 328 Neutral red, 296 Neutral violet, 297 Neville and Winther's acid, 56 New coccin (A), 168 New coccine, 215 New fast green 3B (I), 102 New fuchsine (M), 86 New green (By), 103 New methylene blue N, 288 New patent blue 4B (By), 121 New red L (K), 186 New solid green B.B. and 3V (J), 102 New yellow L (K), 157 New Victoria green (B), 103, 106 Nicholson's blue (BrS), 114 Night blue (B), 98 Night green (B) I.M., 115 Nile blue A, 293 Nile blue 2B, 294 Nitrobenzene, 15, 27, 449 Nitrobenzene process, 83 Nitro dyes, 62 o-and p-nitrophenol, 441 p-Nitrotoluene sulphonic acid, 207 Nitrosamine, 183 Nitroso dimethyaniline, 486 Nitroso dyes, 62 Nitronaphthalene, 29 Nitrosulphonic acids, 50 o-m-p-Nitrotoluene, 28 Opal blue, 483 Opal blue (C), 95 Orange I, 228, 231 Orange II, 214 Orange III (P), 159 Orange IV (P), 160 Orange G, 211 Orange G.R.X. (B), 174 Orange G.T., 211 Orange M N. (J); 161 Orcelline No. 4, 166 Orchil red A, 219 Orthophenol sulphonic acid, 63 Ovens, coke, 6 Oxamine violet G.R.F., 223 Oxazines, 290 Oxy azo dyes, 162 INDEX Palatine black, 218 Palatine red (B), 171 Palatine scarlet (B), 170 Paraaminobenzene sulphonic acid, 52 Paraleucaniline, 79 Paranitraniline red, 183 Paraphenetidine, 273 Paraphenol sulphonic acid, 63 Pararosaniline, 76 Pararosaniline (H), 79 Pararosaniline hydrochloride, 78 Paris green, 93 Paris violet, 88 Paris violet 6B (RE), 91 Patent blue A (M), 123 Patent blue V.N. (M), 121 Perkin's violet, 2, 314 Phenazine, 295 Phenol, 57 Phenol and ferric chloride, 456 Phenolphthalem, 250, 251, 253 Phenosafranine, 307 Phenylene blue, 276, 304 Phenylene brown, 154 Phenylhydrazine, 45 Phenylrosinduline, 324 Phloxine, 260 Phloxine T.A., 261 Phosphine N, 340 Phosphine P, 340, 341 Phthaleins, 250 Phthalic acid, 250 Phthalic anhydride, 230, 250 Phthalophenone, 252 Picraminic acid, 65 Picric acid, 62 Ponceau dyes, 163 Ponceau B extra (M), 186 Ponceau 2G.A., 164 Ponceau 4G B (A), 164 Ponceau JJ. (MLy), 164 Ponceau 2R, 212 Ponceau 3R, 213, 228, 229, 230 Ponceau 3R.B. (A), 186 Ponceau 4R.B., 219 Ponceau 5R, 218 Ponceau 6R, 215 Potassium bichromate, 413 Potassium resorcinate, 58 Primula R, 87 Primuline, 443 Primuline: manufacture, 445 Printing black, 397 Purpurin, 359 Pyramine orange 3G, 220 Pyridine, 41 Pyrogallol, 58, 267 Pyronine G, 248, 249 Pyronines, 248 Q Quinoline, 42 Quinoline dyes, 332 Quinoline yellow, spirit-soluble, 333 Quinoline yellow, water-soluble 334 Quinoxaline dyes, 331 Quinoneoximes, 68 R R acid, 55 Red coralline, 131 Red violet 4R.S. (B), 124 Red violet 5R extra (B), 87 Resorcin, 57, 230 Resorcinol, 57 Resorcine brown, 217 Resorcine green, 69 Resrocin yellow, 217 Resorcin yellow, 217 Rhodamine B, 263 Rhodamine 3B, 266 Rhodamines, 263 Rhodamines (acid), 270 Rosaniline, 75, 451 Rosaniline, acids upon, 464 Rosaniline color base, 459 Rosaline lake, 458 Rosaniline leuco base, 459 Rosaniline test paper, 460 Rosazurine B, 220, 221 INDEX 499 Rose bengal, 261, 262 Rosenstiehl, 84 Rosindone, 327 Rosinduline G, 327 Rosinduline 2G, 326 Rosindulines, 323 Rosophenine S.G., 216 Rubidine, 155, 166 S Safranine, 308 Safranine M.N., 312 Safranines, 298 Salicylic acid, 202 Salting out, 456 Schaeffer's acid, 71 Silk, 358 Silk fibre, 403 Sodium carbolate, 57 Sodium phenolphthalein, 251 Solid green J (B), 106 Solid green O (M), 69 Solid yellow (A), 157 Soluble blue 8B (BrS), 113 Soluble blue 10B (BrS), 113 Soluble blue (H), 111 Spirit yellow R, 210 St. Denis black, 397 St Denis red, 222 Structure, safranines, 301 Substantive dyes, 193 Sudan I (A), 165 Sudan I, 211 Sudan II, 212 Sudan brown, 213 Sudan G, 210 Sulphanilic acid, 231, 460 Sulphine brown, 397 Sulpho group, 47 Sulphonic acid group, 47 Sulphonic or sulpho acids, 47 Sulphonic acids of naphthalene derivatives, 53 Sulphonic acids of triphenylmethane dyes, 108 Sulphur dyes, 142 Sulphur dyes, detection, 398 remarks, 398 Sulphur: vat dyes, 441 Syndiazo compound, 151 Tannic acid, 416 Tannin dyes, 142 Tar, coal-, 5 Tar, coal-distillation, 5, 7, 8, 9 constituents, 6 pitch, 9 products, 11, 12 still 7 uses, 6 Tartrazine, 458 Terra cotta F, 217 Tetrakisazo dyes, 225 Tetrazobenzene-/3-naphthol, 1 Tetrazobezidine chloride, 220 Tetrazo dyes, 184 Thiazine group, 398 Thiazines, 282 Thiazol dyes, 443 Thiazol, 398 Thiocarmine R, 289 Thiodiphenylamine, 283 Thio-indigos, 423 Thioindigo gray 2B, 429 Thioindigo orange R, 429 Thioindigo red B, 424, 428 Thioindigo red B.C., 428 Thioindigo pink B.N., 429 Thioindigo red 3B, 428 Thioindigo scarlet R, 427 Thioindigo scarlet S, 429 Thioindigo violet 2B, 429 Thioketone, 134 Tolidine, 39 Toluene, 18, 61 o-m-Toluidine, 36 p-Toluidine, 37 Toluylene blue, 305 Toluylene red, 305 Toluylene diamines, 37 Toluylene red, 307 500 INDEX Triaminotriphenyl carbinol, 79 Triaminotriphenyl methane, 79 Trinitrophenol, 57 Trinitrotriphenyl methane, 79 Trioxyanthraquinone, 359 Triphenylmethane, 73 Triphenylmethane carboxylic acid, 252 Triphenylmethane dyes, 73 Tropaeolin O.O. (C), 160 Turkey red, 3, 347 U Uranine, 253, 254 Vanadium, 344. 