None
Albuminoids, action of trypsin on, 63 animal, 15 composition of, 17 decompositions of, in body, 87 determination of, 48 effect of gastric juice on, 59 on digestibility of coarse fodder, 375 errors in determination of, 49 formation of fat from, 87, 171 gain of fat aided by, 178 importance of, 33 of milk, sources of, 418 vegetable, 36 comparative value in nutrition, SI occurrence, 33 Alimentary canal, 55 Alkaloids, 35 of lupines, 35, 310, 343 Amides, 35 by action of trypsin, 63, 163 decomposed in body, 159 determination of, 49 digestibility of, 357 feeding standards affected by, 371 functions of, in plant, 36 indications of nutritive value of, 163 in malt sprouts, 341 nutritive value of, 158 Amido-acids, 35 Amines, 35 Ammonia, excretion of, in respiration, 101 salts in plants, 34 Amount of drink, 338 protein necessary to sustain life, 138 Analysis, fodder, 48 Animal albuminoids, 15 composition of, 17 occurrence of, 15 properties of, 15 varieties of, 15 body, composition of, 5, 365 INDEX. 499 Animal body, compoBition of dry matter of, 10 inorganic matters of, 20 nitrogenous constituents of, 14 non-nitrogenous constituents of, 7 casein, 17 fats, composition of, 12 heat, 83, 239 nutrition, general laws of, 3, 5 products as fodder, 349 Anterior aorta, 78 Aorta, 73 anterior, 78 posterior, 78 Aqueous extract as measure of digestibility, 253 Arteries, 78 Artery, pulmonary, 77 Artichokes, 361 Ash, determination of, in fodders, 50 digestibility of, 258 Asparagin, 35 a nutrient, 163 functions of, in plants, 36 nearly equivalent to protein, 166 nutritive action of, 165 Auricles of heart, 77 Average composition of nitrogenous constituents of body, 19 Bablbt, 334 digestibility of, 335 Best time for cutting clover, 303 hay, 393 Bile, 61 action of, on food, 63 Bilirubin, 62 Biliverdin, 62 Bleeding, influence of, in fattening, 200 Blood, 74 amount of haemoglobin in, 300 coagulation of, 76 corpuscles, 74 fibrin, 16, 76 500 INDEX. Blood plasma, 74, 75 composition of, 75 serum, 76 sugar in, 13, 76 vessels of intestines, 68 Body, components of, 5, 365 materials of, constantly decomposed, 2 Body-fat, influence of, on production of fat, 198 protected by fat of food, 187 protein of food, 188 Bokhara clover, 313 Bones, proportion of, in body, 6 Bran, 338 composition of, 389 digestibility of, 339 Breed, influence of, on digestion, 269 Brewers' grains, 339 Brown hay, 317, 318 Buckwheat, 335 Butter, influence of fodder on quality of, 430 Butter-fat, composition of, 430 Bye-fodders, nitrogenous, effect of, on digestibility of coarse fodder, 377 Bye-products of the grains, 337 from milk, 354 Calculation of rations, 466 rules for, 473 Calves, feeding, 443 before weaning, 443 nutritive ratio, 443 substitutes for milk, 445 sugar in place of fat, 444 food of, after weaning, 446 weaning of, 446 Capillaries, 78 Carbhydrates, 38 act analogously to fat, 143 action of pancreatic juice on, 63 alone do not decrease protein consumption, 137 and fat, difference in action of, 193 INDEX. 501 Carbhydrates and fat, relative effect of, 194 decompositions of, in body, 88 decrease protein consumption, 150 effect of, on digestibility of coarse fodder, 380 nitrogen- free extract, 382 protein, 380 equivalent to fat, 157 fat from, 173, 394 conclusions, 186 experiments on dogs, 183 ruminants, 174 swine, 180 sources of uncertainty, 184 feeding with, alone, 136 protein and, 143, 191 may cause long-continued gain of flesh, 155 may be oxidized instead of fat, 193 mutual relations of, 44 Carbon, excretion of, 103 Carbonic acid, effect of work on excretion of, 306 excretion of, 103 excretion of, by young animals, 440 in venous blood, 81 removal from blood in lungs, 83 Casein, animal, 17, 417 gluten-, 38 vegetable, 38 composition of, 28 Cattle, fattening, 393 addition of oil to fodder of, 398 feeding standard for, 395 preliminary feeding of, 396 first period, 397 second period, 397 third period, 397 Causes of resorption, 69 CeUulose, 38 composition of, 39 determination of, 40, 50 digestibility of, 40 how digested, 64 502 INDEX. Cellulose, properties of, 38 stardh-, 42 Cereals, 330 straw of, 323 Chaff, 337 Changes in nutrients during digestion, 64 Chemical changes in ensilage, 317 production of, 240 Chyme, 60 Circulation of blood, 74 pulmonale, 80 systemic, 80 Circulatory protein, 133, 135 Circumstances under which a lack of inorganic nutrients may occur, 463 Clover and clover hay, 303 Alaike, 31 1 Bokhara, 313 hay, best time for cutting, 303 effect of wetting on, 305 losses in curing, 304 period of growth of, 302 incarnate, 313 stone, 313 Swedish, 311 sweet, 312 white, 311 Coagulation of blood, 76 Coarse fodder, circumstances affecting digestibility of, 359 digestibOity of, by different kinds of animals, 267 digestibility of nutrients of, 345 effect on digestibility of, of albuminoids, 375 carbhydrates, 280 concentrated fodders, 373 drying, 260 fat, 386 methods of preparing, 265 nitrogenous bye-fodders, 277 period of growth, 363 quantity eaten, 359 roots, 283 storing, 363 INDEX. 503 Coarse fodder, effect on digestibility of, of the grains, 278 Coarse fcdders, the, 288 Cob, maize, 338 Colostrum, 416 Comparative value of vegetable albuminoids, 31 . Compensation between crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract, 250 Components of body, 365 nitrogenous, 14 non-nitrogenous, 7 Concentrated fodder, saving of work by, 228 Concentrated fodders, 330 determination of digestibility of, 273 digestibility of, 273 Conditions influencing production of fat, 198 of muscular exertion, 217 Conduction and radiation of heat from skin, 231 Conglutin, 28 Consumption of food by young animals, 437 inorganic nutrients by young animals, 441 protein, 121 Cooking fodder, 239 effect of on digestibility, 265 Corn meal, exclusive feeding with, 58, 229, 378 Corpuscles, blood, 74 Cotton-seed cake, 347 digestibility of, 347 Course of nutrients after resorption, 71 Crude fat, 50 digestibility of, 254 Crude fibre, 40 compensation between nitrogen-free extract and, 250 composition of digestible portion of, 247 determination of, 40, 50 digestibility of, 247 effect of starch on digestibility of, 281 Crude protein, 48 digestibility of, 254 formulEB for digestibility of, 255 Decompositions of albuminoids in body, 87 oarbhydrates in body, 88 504 INDEX. Decompositions of fat in body, 88 nutrients in body, 87 Decrease of protein consumption by fat, 138 Determination of nutritive effect of a ration, 109 Dextrine, 43 Diaphragm, 80 Diastase in pancreatic juice, 63 Digestibility, 343 aqueous extract as measure of, 253 determination of, 104 efEect of ensDage on, 330 fat on, 386 nutritive ratio on, 381 salt on, 387 of ash, 357 cellulose, 40 coarse fodder, circumstances affecting, 259 efEect of albuminoids on, 375 carbhydrates on, 280 concentrated fodders on, 373 drying on, 260 fat on, 286 grains on, 378 methods of preparing on, 265 nitrogenous bye-fodders on, 277 period of growth on, 263 quantity on, 259 roots on, 283 storing on, 363 concentrated fodders, 378 determination of, 273 crude fat, 108, 254 crude fibre, 347 effect of carbhydrates on, 281 crude protein, 254 formate for, 255 fat, 108, 254 fodder by different kinds of animals, 267 estimation of, 470 nitrogen-free extract, 349 effect of carbhydrates on, 38£ INDEX. 606 Digestibility of non-protein, 257 nutrients of coarse fodder, 245 pectin, 361 phosphoric acid, 257 protein, effect of carbhydrates on, 281 Weende experiments on, 246 Digestion, 54 ease of, 65 effect of age of animals on, 270 breed of animals on, 269 individuality on, 270 work on, 271 experiments, 104 preparatory feeding in, 105 source of error in, 106 gastric, 59 influence of proportions of nutrients on, 65 intestinal, 61 time occupied in, 105 Distillers' grains, 340 use of, 340 Distribution of oxygen through body, 83 Dried blood, 353 comparative value of protein of, 354 digestibility of, 353 Drink, amount of, 238 Drinking, influence of, on fat production, 198 protein consumption, 135 Dry matter of animal body, composition of, 10 milk, influence of fodder on composition of, 427 percentage of, 427 Drying, effect of, on digestibility, 260 Duct, thoracic, 68 Early-cut hay, non-protein in, 299 Early or late cutting of hay, 293 Ease of digestion, 65 Energy, storing up of, in body, 219 Ensilage, 291, 316 advantages of, 317 chemical changes in, 317 22 506 INDEX. Ensilage, effect of, on digestibility, 320 of maize, 316 quality of product, 330 Epithelium of intestines, 67 Equilibrium with food supply soon established, ISO rapidity with which established, 133 Equivalents, respiration, 157 Errors in determination of albuminoids, 48 sources of, in digestion experiments, 106 Esparsette, 313 Essential and accidental salts, 33 Evaporation of water, influence of, on production of heat, 334 Exchange of gases in lungs, 81 Exclusive meal feeding, 58, 239, 378 sufficiency of, 380 Excrements, composition of solid, 73 Excretion, 93 effects of muscular exertion on, 204 of ammonia in respiration, 101 carbon, 103 carbonic acid by young animals, 440 influence of work on, 206 gaseous nitrogen, 94 during work, 208 hydrogen, 103 nitrogen, 94 earlier experiments on, 94 experiments on domestic animals, 97 influence of work on, 204 Voit's experiments on, 95 phosphoric acid by herbivora, 358 during work, 308 sulphuric acid during work, 308 water, 103 during work, 307 Expiration, 81 Extract, nitrogen-free, 51 composition of digestible portion of, 353 undigested portion of, 353 determination of, 51 INDEX. 607 F^CES, 72 Fat alone does not decrease protein consumption, 136 carbhydrates equivalent to, 107 may be oxidized instead of, 192 conditions inflaencing production of, 198 consumption, influence of work on, 207 decomposition of, in body, 88 decreases protein consumption, 138 determination of, 50 production of. 111 difference in action of carbhydrates and, 193 digestibility of, 108, 254 does not replace water in fattening, 8 effect of, on digestibility of coarse fodder, 286 quantity of milk, 425 feeding with, alone, 136, 187 protein and, 137, 189 formation of, 169 formed from albuminoids, 87, 171 from carbhydrates, 173 conclusions, 186 experiments on dogs, 183 ruminants, 174 swine, 180 in fattening, 394 sources of uncertainty, 184 gain of, aided by albuminoids, 178 gain of, may accompany loss of flesh, 188 importance of, for horses, 413 working animals, 408 may cause long-continued gain of flesh, 141 occurrence of, in body, 11 of body, influence of, on production of fat, 198 protein consumption, 133 protected by protein, 188 of food a source of fat, 169 protected by protein, 189 protects body fat, 187 of milk, source of, 418 production, influence of body-fat on, 198 excessive drinking on, 198, 238 508 INDEX. Fat production, influence of muscular exertion on, 199, 336 oxygen taken up on, 199 temperature on, 198, 337 production of, by young animals, 440 proportion of, in body, 6, 13 relative effect of carbhydrates and, 194 sources of, 109 Fats, action of pancreatic juice on, 63 composition of animal, 13 vegetable, composition of, 46 occurrence of, 46 value of, 47 Fattening, 196, 393 cattle, 393 addition of oil to fodder of, 398 composition of increase of live-weight in, 9, 176 influence of bleeding on, 300 lambs, 455 preparation of fodder in, 399 sheep, 399 swine, 404 Feeding calves, 443 farm animals, 3, 365 for maintenance, 374 oxen, 374 sheep, 383 growing animals, 436 horses, 409 influence of, on growth of wool, 387 lambs, 448 mflk cows, 414 oxen, 374 pigs, 408, 458 sheep, 383 standard for maintenance of oxen, 376 sheep, 387 milk cows, 431, 433 variations from, 483 standards, 365, 366 advantage of, 367, 378 affected by amides, 371 INDEX. 509 Feeding standards for fattening cattle, 395 sheep, 400 swiue, 404 horses, 412 pigs, 461 working oxen, 408 limitations of, 369 Feeding-stuffs, composition and digestibility of, 3, 243 definition, 25 Feeding with carbhydrates alone, 136 fat alone, 136, 187 protein alone, 138, 188 and carbhydrates, 148, 191 fat, 137, 189 Fibrin, blood-, 16 flesh-, 16 gluten-, 29 vegetable, 29 composition of, 29 Fibrinogen, 76 Fick & Wislicenus' experiment, 216 Fish guano, or fish scrap, 351 digestibility of, 352 manurial value of, 352 Flesh, composition of, 110 determination of gain or loss of, 102, 109 Flesh-fibrin, 16 Flesh, gain of, caused by protein, 148 fat may accompany loss of, 188 laws of formation of, 110 long-continued gain of, 141 meal, 349 comparative value of protein of, 351 digestibility of, 350 proportion of, in body, 6 Fluid, intestinal, 64 Fluids, quantity of, in body, 5 Fodder analysis, 48 cooking, 239 effect of, on digestibility, 265 digestibility of, by different kinds of animals, 267 510 INDEX. Fodder, effect of, in maintaining flow of milk, 434 influence of, on composition of dry matter of milk, 427 percentage of dry matter in milk, 437 quality of butter, 430 milk, 437 quantity of milk, 419 methods of preparing, effect of, on digestibility, 265 preparation of, in fattening, 099 Fodders, coarse, 288 components of, 35 concentrated, 330 definition of, 25 estimation of composition of, 468 digestibility of, 470 Food supply, equilibrium soon established with, 130 Force, storing up of, in body, 319 value of nutrients, 215 Gain of fat aided by albuminoids, 178 may accompany loss of flesh, 188 flesh, carbhydrates may cause long- continued, 155 caused by protein, 148 fat may cause long-continued, 141 Gain or loss of flesh, determination of, 103 Gall, 61 bladder, 63 Gases, exchange of, in lungs, 81 Gastric digestion, 59 juice, 59 action of, on albuminoids, 59 Gelatigenous substances, 18 composition of, 18 Gelatin, nutritive value of, 163 Glands, Lieberkiihn's, 64 mesenteric, 68 salivary, 55 Gliadiu, 30 Gluten-casein, 38 Gluten-fibrin, 39 Gluten, wheat, 38 Glycocholic acid, 6i8 INDEX. 511 Glycogen, 14, 81 sources of, 91, 93 Glycogenic function of liver, 89 Golden millet, 314 composition of, 314 digestibility of, 315 Grains, the, 330 bye-products of, 387 composition of, 331 effect of, on digestibility of coarse fodder, 278 value of, 330 variations in composition of, 331 Growing animals, feeding, 436 Gullet, 56 Gums, the, 44 H^MoaLOBiN, 75 amount of, in blood, 300 influence of, on production of fat, 199, 300 Hay, clover (see clover hay), 303 meadow, 288 damage to by rain, 391 early or late cutting of, 393 method of curing, 391 non protein in, 298 early cut, 399 stage of growth of, 293 supply of plant food to, 289 variable composition of, 388 Heart, the, 77 auricles of, 77 ventricles of, 77 Heat, animal, 83, 230 applications of, in body, S31 expenditure of, in warming ingesta, 336 influence of evaporation of water on production of, 334 surrounding temperature in production of, 333 of combustion, Frankland's determinations, 316, 817 of protein, 317 production of, 329 vital, 83. 330 512 INDEX. Heat, vital, how regulated, 330 Hepatic vein, 68, 79 Herbivora, excretion of phosphoric acid by, 258 Hippuric acid, 84 formed from albuminoids, 87 Horny matters, 18 composition of, 18 Horses, digestibility of fodder by, S68 feeding of, 409 digestible nutrients, 410 Hohenheim experiments on, 410 importance of fat, 413 kinds of feeding-stuffs, 418 quantity of fodder, 409, 410 feeding standards for, 413 Hungarian grass, 314 composition of, 314 digestibility of, 315 Hunger, protein consumption during, 133 Hydrogen, excretion of, 103 Hyoglycocholio acid, 62 Incarnate clovek, 313 Increase of live-weight in fattening, composition of, 9, 176 Indian corn, 335 Individual peculiarities, effect of, on digestion, 270 Ingredients of milk, sources of, 418 Inorganic matters of body, 30 amount of, 20 need of continual supply of, 20,462 nutrients, 47, 462 circumstances under which a lack of, may occur, 463 consumption of, by young animals, 441 how supplied, 464 importance of, 462 in fodder of milk cows, 434 supply of, in fodder, 463 Inosite, 14 Inspiration, 81 Insalivation, 55 INDEX. 513 Internal organs, muscular work of, 226 work, 226 Intestinal fluid, 64 digestion, 61 Intestines, 61 blood-vessels of, 68 contents of stomach and, 6 epitheKum of, 67 length of, 61 peristaltic motion of, 61 Investigation, methods of, 104 Juice, gastric, 59 action of, on albuminoids, 59 pancreatic, 63 action of, on albuminoids, 63 carbhydrates, 68 fats, 68 ferments of, 68 Kidneys, 93 Kidney-vetch, 312 Lacteals, 68 Lactic acid, 13 Lactose, 417 Lambs, composition of gain of live-weight by, 454 fattening, 455 Stohmann's experiments, 456 Wolff's experiments, 455 feeding, 448 effect of change of fodder, 449 for maintenance, 448 feeding standard, 450 Weiske's experiments, 451 Wolflf's experiments, 448 quality of fodder, 448 Laws of the formation of flesh, 120 Leaves, 322 Legumes, 301, 343 digestibility of, 343 23* 514 INDEX. Legumes, non-protein in, 313 pods of, 827 straw of, 326 composition and digestibility of, 326 uses of, 344 Legumin, 28 Leucin, 63 Lieberkiihn's glands, 64 Liguin, 39 Linseed cake, 347 digestibility of, 347 Liver, 61 glycogenic function of, 89 Live-weight, composition of gain of, by lambs, 455 increase of, in fattening, 9, 176 uncertain indications of, 115 variations of, 117 Lobules, ultimate, of lungs, 81 Lucerne, 307 digestibility of, 307 Lungs, 80 exchange of gases in, 81 ultimate lobules of, 81 Lung vesicles, 81 Lupines, 310, 343 alkaloids of, 35, 310, 343 poisonous effects of, 311 Lymph, 68 Maintenance, feeding for, 374 lambs for, 448 oxen for, 374 sheep for, 383 Maize, 335 average composition of American, 336 range of composition of American, 336 digestibility of, 337 cob, 328 fodder, 315 composition of, 315 digestibility of, 316 INDEX. Maize, fodder, ensilage of, 316 meal, exclusive feeding with, 378 sufficiency of exclusive feeding vrith, 380 Malt sprouts, 341 amides in, 343 Manifolds, 57 Manuiial value of fish guano, 353 Mastication, 55 Meadow hay (see hay), 388 Meal feeding, exclusive, 58, 339, 378 Medick, 313 Mesenteric glands, 68 Metapectic acid, 46 Methods of investigation, 104 Milk, bye-products from, 355 composition of, 417 effect of fodder in maintaining flow of, 424 influence of fodder on percentage of dry matter in, 437 composition of dry matter of, 437 formation of, 416 quality of, 426 influenced by fodder, 437 individual peculiarities, 437 other conditions, 430 quantity of, 419 effect of fat on, 435 influence of fodder on, 419 period of lactation on, 419 Kuhn's experiments, 423 influence of supply of protein on, 480 Wolff's experiments, 421 sources of ingredients of. 418 substitutes for, 445 Milk cistern, 415 Milk-cows, feeding, 414 feeding standard for, 431, 433 inorganic nutrients in fodder of, 434 nutritive ratio in fodder of, 431 variations from feeding standard for, 433 Milk-fat, sources of, 174, 418 Milk-glamds, 414 515 516 INDEX. Milk-globules, 416 Milk production, 414 with insufficient protein, 425 Milk-sugar, 38, 417 source of, 418 Miller's system of exclusive meal feeding, 58, 229, 378 Millet, golden, 314 composition of, 314 digestibility of, 315 Muoediu, 30 Muriatic acid, 59 Muscles, proportion of, in body, 5 Muscular exertion, conditions of, 217 effects of, on excretion, 204 fat consumption increased by, 206 influence of, on production of fat, 199 Kellner's experiments on, 309 Noyes's experiments on, 312 Pettenkofei & Voit'a experiments on, 206 products of, 318 protein consumption not increased by, 204, 206 theory of, 224 Voit's experiments on, 304 power, increased oxidation of source of, not necessary, 213 source of, 313 work of internal organs, 326 Jutual relations of the carbhydrates, 44 Nitrates in plants, 34 Nitrites in plants, 34 Nitrogen all excreted in urine, 94 earlier experiments on excretion of, 94 excretion of, 94 as gas, 94 during work, 308 experiments on domestic animals, 97 Voit's experiments on, 95 influence of work on excretion of, 204 Nitrogen-free extract, 51 compensation between crude fibre and, 350 composition of digestible portion of, 353 INDEX. 617 Nitrogen-free extract, composition of undigested portion of, 253 determination of, 51 digestibility of, 249 efEect of curlohydrates on digestibility of, 282 Nitrogenous constituents of body, 14 composition of, 19 plants other than albuminoids, 34 Non-nitrogenous constituents of body, 1 Non-protein, 257 digestibility of, 257 influence of, on feeding standards, 371 in hay, 298 early-cut hay, 299 legumes, 313 tubers and roots, 357 Nutrients, 25, 365 changes in, during digestion, 64 classification of, 26 course of, after resorption, 71 decompositions of, in body, 87 force value of, 215 inorganic, 47, 463 nitrogenous, 26 non-nitrogenous, 38 Nutrition, animal, general laws of, 3, 5 of young animals, 486 Nutritive action of asparagin, 165 ratio, 52 effect of, on digestibility, 281 value of amides, 158 indications of, 162 gelatin, 163 Oats, 333 digestibility of, 334 Oil, addition of, to fodder in fattening, 398 Oil cake, 47, 345 composition of, 346 digestibility of , 347 uses of, 348 Oil seeds, 345 518 INDEX. Omasum, 57 Organized protein, 133, 135 Organs and parts, proportions of, iu body, 5 Oxen, feeding for maintenance, 374 feeding standard, 376 Oxidations in body gradual, 93 Oxygen, distribution of, through body, 83 influence of protein on storing up of, 333 quantity taken up on production of fat, 199 quantity of, taken up by blood, 84 storing up of, 85, 330 relations to storing up of energy, S30 OxyhEBmoglobin , 75 Palm-nut cake, 347 digestibility of, 348 effect of, on quality of mUk, 439 Pancreas, 63 Pancreatic juice, 63 action of, on albuminoids, 63 carbhydrates, 68 fats, 63 ferments of, 63 Pasture grass, 388, 398 Paunch, 56 Peotic acid, 45 Pectin, 45 digestibility of, 361 Pectin substances, the, 45 Pectose, 45 Pectosic acid, 45 Pepsin, 59 Peptones, 59 in plants, 34 Pericardium, 77 Peristaltic motion, 61 Phenomena of resorption, 68 Phosphoric acid, digestibility of, 357 excretion of, by herbivora, 358 during work, 308 Pigs, feeding of, 458 INDEX. 619 Pigs, feeding of, feeding standards, 461 nutritive ratio, 459 variations in fodder, 458 Plasma, blood, 74, 75 composition of, 75 Pods of legumes, 327 Portal vein, 68, 79 Posterior aorta, 78 Potatoes, 359 composition of, 359 non-protein in, 359 Production of chemical changes, 240 fat by young animals, 440 conditions influencing, 198 determination of. 111 influenced by excessive drinking, 198 fat of body, 198 muscular exertion, 199 oxygen taken up, 199 temperature, 198 flesh, 119 by young animals, 439 determination of, 109 heat, 229 influence of evaporation of vi^ater on, 334 temperature on, 332 milk, 414 vrool, influence of feeding on, 387 work, 202 Products of muscular action, 318 Protein, amount of, necessary to sustain life, 183 asparagin nearly equivalent to, 166 circulatory, 133, 125 comparative value of animal and vegetable, 351, 354 digestibility of, 354 efEeot of carbhydrates on digestibility of, 280 starch on digestibility of, 281 feeding with, alone, 128, 188 carbhydrates and, 143, 191 fat and, 137, 189 formulce for digestibility of, 255 530 INDEX. Protein, glycogen from, 91, 92 heat of combustion of, 217 importance of, in fattening, 399 influence of supply of, on quantity of milk, 420 on storing up of oxygen, 222 need of, by working animals, 407 organized, 123, 125 protects fat of body, 188 food, 189 vegetable, 26 varieties, 27 Protein consumption, 121 decreased by carbhydrates, 150 fat, 138 dependent on supply, 128, 137, 144 during hunger, 123 effect of salt on, 134 stimulants on, 136 water on, 135 factors determining, 124 in young animals, 439 not increased by work, 204, 206 Ptyalin, 55 action of, on starch, 56 Pulmonary artery, 77 circulation, 80 veins, 77 Pylorus, 61 Quality of milk, 426 Quantity of fodder, effect of, on digestibility, 459 fattening, 167 mUk, 419 Radiation and conduction of heat from skin, 331 Ratio, nutiitive, 59 Ration, 26 determination of nutritive effect of, 109 Rations, calculation of, 466 rules for calculation of, 473 Rennet, 57 INDEX. 521 Resorption, 66 causes of, 69 course of nutrients after, 71 phenomena of, 68 Respiration, 80 apparatus, 111 equivalents, 157 through skin, 83 Reticulum, 36 Rice, 335 Rickets, cause of, 23 Roots, 355, 361 composition of, 361 effects of, on digestibility of coarse fodder, 283 feeding value of, 363 general properties of, 355 variations in composition of, 363 Root crops, tops of, composition of, 321 digestibUity of, 321 Rowen, 288, 298 Ruminants, stomach of, 56 Rumination, 56 may be suspended, 58 Rye, 338 Sainfoin, 313 Saliva, 55 action of, on food, 56 Salivary glands, 55 Salt, common, effects of, on digestibility, 287 protein consumption, 134 uses of, 33 Salt-hunger, 21 effects of, 31 Salts, essential and accidental, 23 Sarkolactic acid, 13 Saving of work by concentrated fodder, 338 Seradella, 313 Shearing, effect of, on fattening, 403 Sheep, fattening, 899 best age for, 403 522 INDEX. Sheep, fattening, effect of shearing on, 403 feeding standards, 400 proportion of protein for, 399 quantity of water, 403 maintenance feeding of, 383 feeding standards, 387 Weende experiments, 383 need relatively more food than cattle, 383 Skin, conduction and radiation of heat from, 231 respiration through, 83 Soda, salts of, in bile, 63 Solid excrements, composition of, 73 tissues, proportions of, 5 Sour hay, 317, 318 Source of muscular power, 313 Sources of fat, 169 Stable, temperature of, 237 Stage of growth, effect of, on digestibility of hay, 263 quality of hay, 393, 303 Starch, 41 composition of, 43 effect of, on digestibility, 380 properties, 41 Starch-cellulose, 43 grains, 43 Stimulants, effect of, on chemical processes in body, 136, 243 Stomach of ruminants, 56 Storing, effect of, on digestibility, 262 Storing up of energy in body, 319 influence of protein on, 332 oxygen, 85 relation of, to storing up of energy, 230 Stover, 315 composition of, 315 Straw a valuable fodder, 333 digestibility of, 324 of the cereals, 333 legumes, 326 composition and digestibility of, 336 manner of using, 325 variations in composition of, 333 INDEX. 523 structure of milk-glands, 414 Sugar, effect of, on digestibility of coarse fodder, 383 in blood, 13 beet pulp, 363 Sugars, the, 43 composition of, 43 Sulphuric acid, excretion of, during work, 308 Swine, fattening, 404 choice of fodder, 405 feeding standards, 404 mineral matters, 405 quantity of fodder, 404 Systemic circulation, 80 Taueocholic acid, 63 Temperature, influence of, on fat-production, 198 production of heat, 333 of stable, 337 Theory of muscular exertion, 334 Thoracic duct, 68 Time occupied in digestion, 105 Time of cutting, effect of, on digestibility, 363 Tissues, solid, proportions of, 5 Tops of root crops, composition of, 331 digestibility of, 331 Trypsin, 63 action of, on albuminoids, 63 Tubers, 355, 359 general properties of, 355 proportion of non-protein in, 357 Tyrosin from albuminoids, 63 Udder, 415 Ultimate lobules of lungs, 81 Urea, 84, 93 from albuminoids, 87 Uric acid, 93 Urine, 93 nitrogen all excreted in the, 94-101 Use of distillers' grains, 340 524 INDEX. Uses of common salt, 23 oil cake, 348 Value of straw, 322 Variations in composition of straw, 823 of live-weight, 117 Varieties of animal albuminoids, 15 Vegetable albumin, 27 casein, 28 composition of, 28 fats, 46 fibrin, 29 protein, 26 Vein, hepatic, 68, 79 left subclavian, 68 portal, 68, 79 Veins, 79 pulmonary, 77 Vena cava, anterior, 77 posterior, 77 Ventricles of the heart, 77 Vesicles of lungs, 81 Vetches, 309 Villi, 67 Vital heat, 230 how regulated, 230 Voit's experiments on excretion of nitrogen, 95 muscular exertion, 204 Warming ingesta, expenditure of heat in, 236 Water, effect of work on excretion of, 207 excretion of, 102 influence of, on protein consumption, 135 proportion of in body, 7 Weaning, 446 Wheat, 332 gluten, 28 Whey, 354 Wool production, 387 influence of feeding on, 387 Work, classification of, 202 INDEX. 525 Work, effect of, on digestion, 271 excretion, 304 of carbonic acid, 306 nitrogen, 204 water, 307 fat consumption, 307 excretion of gaseous nitrogen during, 208 internal, 336 Kellner's experiments on, 309 Noyes's experiments on, 313 Pettenkofer & Voit's experiments "on, 306 production of, 203 protein consumption not increased by, 204, 306 saving of, by concentrated fodder, 338 Voit's experiments on, 304 Working animals, feeding, 407 importance of fat to, 408 need of protein for, 407 oxen, feeding of, 408 standard, 408 Young animals, amount of food consumed by, 437 consumption of inorganic nutrients by, 441 excretion of carbonic acid by, 440 general laws of nutrition of, 436 production of fat by, 440 flesb by, 439 protein consumption in, 439 AGRICULTURE. CATTLE FEEDING— DISEASES OF ANIMALS- GARDENING, ETC. THE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN DAIRY PRAC- TICE (from a Bacteriological point of view). By GrosTA G-BOTENPELT, President Mustiala Agricultural Col- lege, Finland. Authorized American Edition by F. W. Woll, Assistant Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, Univei'sity of Wisconsin 13mo, cloth, $2 00 Table of Contents: Introduction— Bacteria and their Relation to Dairying. Part 1— Milk— Chapter I., Milk as drawn from the Udder; II., Sources of Infection in the Stable, and its Prevention; in., the Conamon Forms of Bacteria Found in Milk: IV., Cleanli- ness in Butter and Cheese Factories ; V., Milk for City Consumption ; VI., Sterilization of Milk ; VII., Pasteurization of Milk. Part Z— Cream— Chapter I., Cream Raised by Gravity Frocesses-(a) the Shallow Setting Systems— (6) the Deep Setting Systems: II., Sep- arator Cream. Part 3— Skim-Milk. Part 4— Butter— Chapter I., Treatment of Cream Previous to the Churning; II., The Manufac- ture and Handling of Butter; III., Diseases of Butter. Part 5— Cheese. AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR FOR 1896. A Reference Book for Farmers. By P. W. Woll, Assistant Professor of Agricrdtural Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Second Tear 18mo, cloth, 1 00 DAIRY CALENDAR FOR 1896. A Reference Book for Dairymen, Butter and Cheese Makers. By P. W. Woll. Second Year 18mo, cloth, 100 LANDSCAPE GARDENING As Applied to Home Decoration. By Samuel T. Maynaed, Mass. State Board of Agriculture. 12mo. (In preparation.) A MANUAL OF CATTLE FEEDING. Containing the Laws of Animal Nutrition; the Feeding Stuff ; The Feeding of Farm Animals, etc. By H. P. Aemsby, Chemist of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. With plates 13mo, cloth, 1 75 " It is one of the best volumes that has come into this office for a long time."— Jowa Farmer. FRUITS AND FRUIT TREES OF AMERICA. Or the Culture, Propagation, and Management in the Garden and Orchard of Fruit Trees Generally. With descriptions of all the finest varieties of Fruit, native and foreign, cultivated in this country. By A. J. Downing. Second revision and correction, with large additions. By Charles Downing. Over 1100 pages, with several hundred outline engravings, including Supplements 8vo, cloth, 5 00 It contains the names and synonyms of over 10,000 varieties. ■' As a work of reference it has no equal in this country, and deserves a place in the library of every pomologist in America. ' —Marshall P. Wilder. ROCKS AND SOILS. Their Origin, Composition, and Characteristics ; Chemical, Geological, and Agricultural. By Horace Edwaed Stock- bridge, Ph.D., President of Agricultural College of North Dakota. With 13 full-page plates. Second Edition, revised and enlarged 8vo, cloth, f 3 50 " While necessarily more or less scientific, the book is well adapted to general reading, being entertaining as well as instructive. It tells what all farmers want to know about the soil on their farms." —Ohio Fwrmer. LANDSCAPE GARDENING. Or, How to Lay Out a Garden. Intended as a general guide in choosing, forming, or improving an estate (from a quarter of an acre to a hundred acres in extent), with reference to both design and execution. With numerous fine wood en- gravings. By Edward Kemp 12mo, cloth, 8 50 THE SCIENCE OP AGRICULTURE. A Practical Work on SOILS, PLANT FOOD, MANURES, ROTATION OF CROPS, PASTURE. Management of Live Stock, Dairy Management, Climate, etc. By Jas. Lloyd. 8vo, cloth, 4 00 "I have carefully examined 'The Science of Agriculture,' by Frederick James Lloyd, F.C.S., etc., and regard it as a very valuable work that cannot fail to be highly serviceable to American students of Agriculture." —Prof. S. W. Johnson, Director Connecticut AgricultwrcH Station. A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OP THE OX. Being a Manual of Bovine Pathology, especially adapted to the use of Veterinary Practitioners and Students. By John Henry Steel, Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Royal Veter- inary College, London, etc., etc. Plates 8vo, cloth, 6 00 A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OP THE DOG. A Manual of Canine Pathology, Medicine, Surgery, and Therapeutics. By John Henry Steel, M.R.C.V.S., author of " A Treatise on the Ox." With about 100 illustrations. 8vo, cloth, 3 50 " Its get up is excellent, and it should find a place in all kennel and live stock club libraries."— The Practical Farmer, published and for sale by JOHN WILEY & SONS, 53 EAST TENTH STREET, NEW YORK. ,f** Madled and prepaid on the receipt of the price. 