None
COVENANT ( breve de conventione). 412-413 See SEALED INSTRUMENTS, SPECIALTIES COVENANT, writ of, origin. 133 COVENANTS IN LEASES. I47-M9 Implied covenant of quiet enjoyment. 147 Implied covenant of tenant to repair. 147 COVENANTS, running with the law. 303-312 Covenants of warranty. 3°3, 3°4 Covenants involving benefits. 304-306 Covenants fixing terms of tenure, rent charges, between joint tenants, and tenants in common. 307-310 Covenants in equity. 311-312 CRIMES. 371-384 Early History, Anglo-Saxon period. 34,36 Early Norman period. 371,372 Felonies. 372-378 Homicide, Murder, Manslaughter. 372-373 Excusable and justifiable. 373,374 Rape, Abduction. 374 Arson. 374,375 Burglary. 375 Robbery. 376 Larceny. 376-378 Intent to steal, animus furandi. 377 Breaking bulk. 378 5i6 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW CRIMES — Continued False pretences, obtaining goods by. 377 Embezzlement. 378 Misdemeanors. 378-3 82 CROPS. 173 CURIA REGIS. 70 CURTESY. 125-128 Early History. 126 Birth of Issue. 126-127 Origin of the term “Curtesy”. 127 Equitable estates, Curtesy in. 127,128 Modified by married women’s property act. 128 CUSTOM OF MERCHANTS, see LAW MERCHANT CUSTOMARY COURT. 76,77 CUSTOMARY LAW. 68 CWIDE, (Statement) form of will of Saxon period. 355 D DARREIN PRESENTMENT, assize of. 83 DEATH FROM WRONGFUL ACT. 406, 407 DEBT, action of, for loans, purchase price of goods, rent, money due from surety, fixed sum under sealed instrument, all cases for fixed sum due. 41 1, 412 Quid pro quo. 412 To enforce rent. 277, 278 DEBTS, liability for corporate. 461,462 DE BONIS CONDITION ALIBUS, statute. 113 DECEIT, relation to assumpsit, see ASSUMPSIT DEEDS, see CONVEYANCING DEFAMATION, see LIBEL and SLANDER DEODANDS. 382 DE PROPRIETATE PROBANDA, writ of. 321 DETINUE, see PERSONAL PROPERTY, BAILMENTS DETRIMENT, see CONSIDERATION DEVISE, see WILLS, EXECUTORY DEVISES DISCOVERY, in equity. 477 DISSEISIN, see NOVEL DISSEISIN, ASSIGNMENT of RIGHTS OF ACTION DISSOLUTION OF CORPORATION, effect on corporate prop¬ erty and debts. 462, 463 DISTRAINT OF GOODS TO COMPEL APPEARANCE, personal actions. 490 See REPLEVIN, RENTS DISTRESS, enforcement of rent against land. 276 DISTRIBUTION OF CHATTELS, Anglo-Saxon period. 360,361 In 13th century. 361, 362 INDEX 5I7 DISTRIBUTION OF CHATTELS — Continued By statute of 22, 23, Chas. II, ch. 10. 362 ‘‘Gradual” scheme of. 363 See INTESTATE SUCCESSION DIVORCE, effect on estate in entirety. 231 DOGS, bites of. 3gx DOWER. 120-125 Ancient Germanic law. 120,121 Dower at the church door. I2i Dower in chattels. 121 Dower in Socage land. 122 Common law dower. 122 Barring of dower. 123, 124 Jointures. Development of equity jurisdiction Over contract . 478-481 Over torts . 481-484 Over mortgages . 484-488 EQUITY OF REDEMPTION . 486,487 EQUITY PRACTICE AND PLEADING . 501,503 ESCHEAT . 49,156 ESSOINS, or excuses for non-appearance . 490 ESTATES IN FEE . 108-111 In Saxon period . 108, 109 Use of the word “heirs” . 109 ESTATES TAIL, converted into estates in fee by conveyances.. 117 General and special . 114 In United States . 117 EVICTION, as requisite of suspension of rent . 281-284 EXECUTOR, origin of . 359 note 8 EXECUTORY DEVISES . 253-257 Before Statute of Wills . 253,254 After Statute of Wills . 254,255 EXECUTORY ESTATES . 248-253 Future springing interests without precedent estates... . 248,249 Contingent remainder after term of years . 248,249 Fee upon a fee . 249-253 Springing and shifting uses . 250-253 In personal property . 262-266 F FALSE IMPRISONMENT, trespass . 396 FALSE PRETENSES, obtaining goods by . 377 FEE TAIL, estate in . 113, 117 INDEX 519 FEE UPON A FEE, in conditional fees prior to the Statute De Donis. See EXECUTORY ESTATES FELONIES, see CRIMES FEOFFMENTS. FEUD, blood. FEUDAL LAW. Feudalism in Normandy. Introduction into England. 45-49 Military Tenure. 49-57 Frankalmoign Tenure. 57 Serjeanty Tenure. 57,58 Socage Tenure. 58-59 Reliefs. 60 Aids. 60-61 Wardship and Marriage. 61-63 FICTITIOUS PARTIES IN EJECTMENT. 138,139 FIDES FACTA. 409,410 FINDER, see LOST PROPERTY FINES, entails barred by. 117, 162, 163 Abolished. 117, 163 FIRES, liability for spreading fires. 390 FISH. 172 FIXTURES. 174-184 Early History. 1 74, 174 Development of test of intent. 175-178 Constructive annexation. 174, 175 Machinery and other trade fixtures. 175-177 Fixtures for domestic convenience. 178, 179 Tenants’ fixtures. 179-183 Chattel mortgages and contracts of conditional sale, effect on fixtures. 183 FOLKLAND AND BOOKLAND. 21-27 FORFEITURE OF RIGHT OF ENTRY FOR BREACH OF CONDITION FOR ATTEMPT TO ASSIGN THE SAME 237 Relief in equity from forfeiture in certain cases. 238,239 See FEUDAL LAW, MORTGAGES FRANKALMOIGN TENURE. 57 FRAUD, jurisdiction over in equity. 476 FRAUDS, Statute of, as to wills. 360 See LANDLORD AND TENANT, LEASES, ASSIGN¬ MENTS, CONVEYANCES FREE BENCH 127 note 6 520 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW FUTURE ESTATES, modern law. 258,262 See REVERSIONS, REMAINDERS, EXECUTORY ES¬ TATES, SHIFTING AND SPRINGING USES, EX¬ ECUTORY DEVISES FYRD. 50 G GAGE OR PLEDGE. 408 GAME. 172 GERMANIC TRIBES, their government and laws before the Anglo-Saxon emigration. 6-10 GESITH. ,. 32 GIFTS OF CHATTELS. 332 GLANVILLE'S TREATISE. 86-S8 GOD-BORH. 409 GRADUAL SCHEME OF DISTRIBUTION. 363 GRAND ASSIZE. 82 GRAND JURY, origin. 496,497 GRANT AND ATTORNMENT, conveyance by. 161 GRANT, deed of. 161 GUILDS, PEACE — weavers, goldsmiths, haberdashers, fish¬ mongers, etc. 453 H HALF-BLOODS, inheritance by. 351,352,353 HENRY II, state of law in his accession. 78 His reforms. 81-86 1. Assize of novel disseisin. 82 2. Grand assize. 82 3. Assize of Mort d’ Ancestor. 83 4. Assize of darrein presentment. 83 5. Assize utrum. 84 6. Indictment through accusing juries. 85 King’s Court at Westminster. 85 Itinerant Courts. 86 HIDE. 51 HOMICIDE, MURDER, MANSLAUGHTER. 35, 36, 372, 373 Excusable and justifiable. 373, 374 HUE AND CRY, see PURSUIT OF THIEF HUNDRED COURTS. 16,17,72 HUSBAND AND WIFE, see DOWER, CURTESY, MARI¬ TAL RIGHT ESTATE BY, MARRIED WOMEN I IMPLIED ASSUMPSIT, quantum meruit, on promises implied in fact. 421,423 INDEX 521 IMPLIED ASSUMPSIT — Continued Early relief in equity in these cases. 422 Concurrent with detinue and case against bailees. 423 IMPLIED TRUSTS. 212,214 See RESULTING TRUSTS IMPRISONMENT, followed by fine for misdemeanors. 379,380 IMPROVEMENTS BETWEEN COTENANTS. 227 INCORPORATION, see POWERS OF CORPORATIONS INCORPOREAL INTERESTS. 273,312 Rights of lordship. 274 Advowsons. 275 Rents, rent charge and rent seek. 275-280 Suspension and extinguishment of rents. 280-284 Profits. 284-288 Profits in gross. 287 Easements, early history. 288-292 Creation of Easements and Profits. 292-302 By grant. 293 By implied grant or reservation. 293-298 By prescription. 298-302 INDEBITATUS ASSUMPSIT, based on benefit or quid pro quo, concurrent with debt. 420,421 INDEBITATUS ASSUMPSIT, to enforce quasi-contracts. 423-427 INDEFINITE TENANCIES. 142-144 Tenancies at will. 142-143 Tenancies from year to year, and from month to month.... 143,144 Tenancies by sufferance. 144 INDICTMENT BY ACCUSING JURIES, origin. 85 INEVITABLE ACCIDENT. 386,38 7 Defense to crime. 384 INFANTS, capacity of. 470-472 Crime and tort. 383, 384, 386, 387 To convey or lease land, to recover land, to make contracts 470-472 INHERITANCE. 345-351 In Saxon period. 345 In Feudal period. 345-351 Statutory changes. 351-354 INJUNCTIONS TO RESTRAIN TRESPASS, waste and nui¬ sance. 481-484 INNKEEPERS. 39L392 INSANE PERSONS, see LUNATICS INSURANCE. 463-466 Origin and early history. 463,464 Carried into the common law. 465,466 5 22 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW INTENT not an element of crimes in Anglo-Saxon Law. 382 Deodands in Anglo-Saxon Law. 382 Self-defense not allowed in Anglo-Saxon Law. 383 Allowed as justification, Laws of Henry 1. 383 Gradual growth of intent as moral element of crime. 383, 384 Children of tender years, responsibility for crime. 384 INTENT as requisite or test of fixtures. 175, 178 INTENT TO STEAL. 377 INTERESSE TERMINI. 145 INTESTATE SUCCESSION TO CHATTELS. 360,363 In Saxon period, division into thirds. 360,361 Kin had charge of distribution. 361 Administration of personal estate, 13th century, Magna Carta, §27. 361,362 The ordinary. 361,362 Administrators, statute of 1357. 362 Distribution by Statute, 22, 23, Chas. II, ch. 10. 362 “Gradual” scheme of distribution. 363 ITINERANT COURTS. 86 J JOINT TENANCIES. 217-222 The Four Unities. 219 Conveyance or mortgage by joint tenant. 219,221 Survivorship. 217,218,222 Modified by modern statutes. 223,224 In personal property. 224 Partition. 224, 225 Ouster of tenant by cotenant. 226 Accounting for rents and profits between cotenants. 226,227 Repairs, improvements, taxes, etc., between cotenants. 227 Waste between cotenants. 227,228 JOINT TENANTS AND TENANTS IN COMMON, covenants fixing terms of holding run with land. 307-310 JOINTURES. 123,124 JURY TRIAL, origin. 81,82,99,100 Later development. 491,493 See GRAND JURY JUSTICES IN EYRE. 192,193 JUSTICES OF ASSIZE. 193 JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 498 K KING’S BENCH. 190-193 KING’S COURT. 68-70 At Westminster, Henry II. 85 INDEX 523 KING’S COURT — Continued King’s Bench and Common Pleas. 190-192 Itinerant Courts, Justices in Eyre. 192, 193 Justices of Assize. 193 KNIGHT’S FEE. Si KNIGHT’S SERVICE, see MILITARY TENURE L LAENLAND. 27,28 LAESIO FI DEI, see FIDES FACTA, ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS LANDLORD AND TENANT, covenants fixing terms between run with land. 307-310 See TENANCIES FOR YEARS LARCENY. 36, 376, 378 Intent to steal, animus furandi. 377 False pretenses, obtaining goods by. 377 Embezzlement. 378 LAW MERCHANT. 443,445 LEASE AND RELEASE, conveyance by. 161 Under statute of uses. 166,167 Not used in United States. 167 LEASES, form of, Statute of Frauds. 145 See TENANCIES FOR YEARS LEGAL WRITERS PRIOR TO HENRY II. 79 note 4 LIBEL AND SLANDER. 397-401 Defamation in Anglo-Saxon times. 397 In 13th century, remedy in local courts only. 397 Later, remedy in Ecclesiastical Courts. 397,398 Action on the case for defamation. 398,399 Criminal libel, origin. 399, 400 Libel a tort, action on case. 400,401 LIEN THEORY OF MORTGAGES. 487,488 LIFE ESTATES. 117 LIGHT AND AIR, easements of, by implied grant. 297,298 LIMITATION, estates upon. 239-242 Effect of Statute Quia Emptores upon estates in fee upon limitation. 240-242 LIMITATION OF REAL ACTIONS, basis of prescription - 299-301 LIVERY OF SEISIN. 156-159 LOAN, debt for. 4U LOCAL COURTS, characteristics. 80,81 LORD AND MAN, Anglo-Saxon period. 28,32 LORD, seisin of, “in service”. 98 LORDSHIP, rights of. 96,274 LOST PROPERTY. 333 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW 524 LUNATIC, liability in tort. 386 Responsible for crimes. 383, 384 M MACHINERY AS FIXTURES. I75-I77 MALICIOUS PROSECUTION, see LIBEL AND SLANDER MANOR AND THE MANORIAL COURT. 73,77 MANSLAUGHTER. 372,373 MARITAL RIGHT, estates by. 125,126 MARRIED WOMEN, capacity. 467, 470 Separate property. 467,468 Contracts. 468 Crimes. 469 Married Women’s Property Acts. 469,470 MARRIED WOMEN’S PROPERTY ACTS. 128,469,470 Effect on estate in entirety. 228,231 MASTER AND SERVANT, see SERVANTS, TORTS, AGENCY MASTERS IN CHANCERY. 473 MASTER OF THE ROLLS. 473-475 M1SERICORDIA, see MISDEMEANORS MERCHET. 66 MESNE LORDS AND TENANTS-IN-CHIEF. 50,51 MILITARY TENURE. 49-57 MISDEMEANORS. 378-382 Term first used in 16th century. 378 Amercements for petty offences. 378, 379 Imprisonment and fine in King’s Court. 379, 380 Presentments for misdemeanors. 380, 381 Trespass, punishment of misdemeanants in, by imprisonment and fine. 380, 381 MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED, action for. 425 MORT D’ ANCESTOR, assize of. 82,103,104 MORTGAGES. 484,488 Mortuum vadium. 484 Vivum vadium. 484 Common Law Mortgage. 485,486 Intervention by equity. 486,487 Modern mortgages. 487, 488 MORTUUM VADIUM. 484 MURDER. 372,373 N NECESSITY, see WAY OF NECESSITY NEGLIGENCE, action on cases for negligence, early cases. 402,405 Negligence in cases of wilful acts without intentional wrong 405 Personal injury cases not included within assault and battery 406 INDEX 525 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS. 445-449 Bills of Exchange, foreign and inland; promissory notes _ 445-448 Negotiability, nature of. 448,449 NONCUPATIVE WILLS, 13th century. 359 NORMAN CONQUEST. 45-49 NORMAN LAW AND FEUDALISM. 42-45 NOVEL DISSEISIN , assize of. 100,103 To enforce rent-seck. 277 NOVISS1MA VERBA, last will of Saxon period. 355 NUISANCE. 402 Assize of nuisance. 402 Action of cases for nuisance. 402 Injunctions to stay. 483,484 O ORDEAL, trial by. 99 note 2 ORDINARY, in administration of estates of decedents. 361,362 OUSTER BETWEEN COTENANTS. 226 OUTLAWRY, Anglo-Saxon period. 35 Feudal period. 385,386 To compel appearance in personal actions. 490 OWNERSHIP AND FEUDALISM. 95,96 OWNERSHIP AND POSSESSION, of Chattels. 328,332 P PARANTELIC SCHEME OF INHERITANCE. 349 PAROL PROMISES NOT CREATING DEBTS, no action to enforce prior to assumpsit. 4M PARTIES IN PLEADING AND PRACTICE, see PLEADING AND PRACTICE PARTITION. 224,225 Not allowed in estates in entirety. 231 PARTNERSHIPS. 449,452 In middle ages the “comtnenda” and the “catnpagnia” or " societas ”. 449, 45° Liability of individual partners, development of the law.... 450,451 Introduction and development in England through equity.... 451,452 PASSIVE TRUSTS IN UNITED STATES. 210,211 PEPOUDROUS, courts. 443,444 PERPETUITIES. 226-272 Term “Perpetuity,” first use. 268,269 Development of rule against perpetuities. 269-272 PERSONAL PROPERTY. 313,344 Remedies for its protection, appeal of larceny. 3*3, 3*5 Action for Res Adiratae. 3J4, 3*5, 3*8, 319 Trespass de bonis asportatis. 316-320 526 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW PERSONAL PROPERTY — Continued By bailee. 3*9 Replevin. 320 ,321,327 Bailments, detinue by bailor vs. bailee. 321,325 Detinue Sur Trover. 325, 326 Trover and Conversion. 326, 328 Concurrent with detinue and trespass. 327 Concurrent with replevin in cases of wrongful dis¬ tress. 327 Ownership and possession. 328,332 PERSONAL PROPERTY, future estates in. 262-266 Chattels real, future estates in. 262-264 PES OF THE FINE. 162 PLEADING AND PRACTICE IN EQUITY. 501,503 PLEADING, common law, outline. 500,501 PLEADING, development of. 493-495 PLEDGE. 408 POSSESSION, origin of term indicating occupation by tenant for years. 1 33 POSSESSION, protected in ejectment. 140 POSSESSION, protection of, see NOVEL DISSEISIN, MORT D’ANCESTOR, WRITS OF ENTRY, TRESPASS, DETI¬ NUE, TROVER, REPLEVIN POSSESSION AND OWNERSHIP, RELATION BETWEEN 101 POSSESSION AND OWNERSHIP, of Chattels. 328-332 POSSESSION AND SEISIN, see SEISIN AND POSSES¬ SION POWERS. 253 POWERS OF CORPORATIONS. 455-458 Of incorporation. 455 Implied powers. 456,457 Seals of corporations. 456,457 By-laws. 457,458 PRACTICE AND PLEADING. 48^-509 Reforms in United States, New York Code, extended to other states. 503, 508 Reforms in England. 508,509 PRACTICE AT COMMON LAW, outline. 501 PRESCRIPTION. 298-302 Limitation of real actions. 299-301 PRESENTMENTS FOR MISDEMEANORS, rare at first. 380 Gradually took place of trespass in misdemeanor cases. 381 PRIMER SEISIN. 56 PRIMOGENITURE. 109, 345-347 In United States. 347 INDEX 527 PROCEDURE, CIVIL, Summons started real actions. 489,490 Personal action, early procedure. 490 Jury trial, development thereof. 491-493 Pleading, development of. 493,495 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, appeals of homicide, rape, arson, robbery, larceny, etc. 495 Indictment displaced criminal appeals. 496-497 Trial of accused persons, petit juries. 497 Trial of misdemeanants. 498 Justices of the peace. 498 Arrest. 498, 499 PROFITS. 284-288 Profits in gross. 287 PROMISSORY NOTES. 446-448 PUR AUTRE VIE, estate. 119 PURCHASE FOR VALUE, uses. 203 See ASSIGNMENT OF CHOSES IN ACTION PURSUIT OF THIEF, Anglo-Saxon period. 36,37 0 QUANTUM MERUIT, see IMPLIED ASSUMPSIT QUARE EJECT INFRA TERMINUM, Writ of...,. 130 QUARTER OR GENERAL SESSIONS. 499 QUASI-CONTRACTS, by action of indebitatus assumpsit. 423-427 QUIA EMPTORES, statute of. 152-154 Effect on fees upon limitation. 240-242 QUID PRO QUO. 412 QUITCLAIM, deed of. 160,168 R RAPE. 374 REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY DISTINGUISHED. 169-171 Origin of terms “real” and “personal”. 171 REFORMS IN PLEADING AND PRACTICE, New York Code. 503-508 Adopted in other states. 508 Reforms in practice and pleading in England. 5°8, 5°9 RELEASE, Deed of. 160 RELIEFS. 60 REMAINDERS. 243-248 Contingent and vested. 244-248 Contingent remainders void in 14th century, valid in 15th... 245 Contingent remainder after term of years void. 246 Must take effect instantly after precedent estate. 247 Destruction or ending of precedent life estate destroys con¬ tingent remainders. 247,248 In personal property. 262-266 528 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW RENT, debt for. 411,412 RENTS. 275,280 Rent service, tenurial rents. 276 Rent charge and rent seek. 275, 276 Enforced by writ of annuity. 276 Enforced by distress against land. 276 Enforced by novel disseisin. 277 Enforced by debt. 277, 278 Enforced by assumpsit. 278, 279 Use and occupation, 11 Geo. II, ch. 19, §14. 279 RENTS AND PROFITS, accounting for, between cotenants... 226,227 REPAIRS between COTENANTS. 227 REPLEVIN. 320,321,327 RES ADIRATAE, action for. 314,315,318,319 RES ADJUDICATA, application in ejectment. 141,142 RESULTING TRUSTS. 212,214 RESULTING USES. 204 REVERSIONER AFTER LIFE ESTATE, seisin of. 98 REVERSIONS. 243,244 REVOCATION OF WILLS, not revocable in Saxon period ex¬ cept the ewide. 355 Revocable in 13th century. 358-359 RIGHTS OF ENTRY, estates upon condition. 235,236 Effect of statute 32 Hen. VIII, ch. 9. 235 ROBBERY. 375,376 ROMAN LAW AND ANGLO-SAXON LAW. 5 ROMAN LAW, early corporations. 452 S SAKEBER. 314 SALE OF LAND, contract therefor, trust arising. 215,216 SALES. 38,437,439 In 12th and 13th centuries. 437 Transfer of title, development of executed sales as present transfers of title. 438 Effect of assumpsit on sales. 438,439 SCUTAGE. 54,55 SEALED INSTRUMENTS, contracts. 412,413 Debt for fixed sum under. 412 SEALS, of corporations. 456, 457 SE1GNORIAL JURISDICTION. 75 SEISIN AND POSSESSION. 96-107 Nature of Seisin. 96,97 Seisin of a villein tenant. 97,98 Seisin of lord “in service”. 98 Seisin of reversioner after life estate. 98 INDEX 529 SEISIN AND POSSESSION — Continued Remedies for protection of Seisin. 99,107 a. Writ of right. gg b. Assize of novel disseisin. 100,103 c. Assize of Mart d’ Ancestor. 103, 104 d. Writ of entry sur disseisin. 105 e. Writs of entry. 104-106 Seisin is ownership. 106, 107 SEISIN, livery of, see LIVERY OF SEISIN SELF-DEFENSE, in criminal law. 383 tort. 386,387 SERJEANTY TENURE. 57,58 SERVANTS, torts of. 392,395 Development of modern rule. 394,395 SHELLY’S CASE, rule in. 260,262 SHERIFF, Anglo-Saxon period. 17,18 SHIFTING USES. 249,253 SHIREMOOT. 17, 18 SIX CLERKS, in Chancery. 474 SLANDER, see LIBEL AND SLANDER SLAVERY in Anglo-Saxon period. 33 SOCAGE TENURE. 5S-60 SPECIALTIES. 412,413 SPECIFIC PERFORMANCES, contract. 480,481 Contracts to sell corporate stock. 459,460 SPRINGING USES. 250-253 STAPLE, Courts of the. 444 STAR CHAMBER, origin of, criminal libel _ *. 399,400 STARE DECISIS. 88 STATUTES FROM CONQUEST TO HENRY II. 77 note 3 STATUTE OF FRAUDS Leases. 145 Assignments of Tenure. 146 Surrenders. 149 Express Trusts. 212 See FRAUDS, STATUTE OF STATUTE OF USES. 206-208 Jointures. 123 STATUTE OF WILLS. 360 STOCK, in corporations, transfer of, stock books. 460 Voting stock. 460,461 STOCK in land corporation, why treated as realty under early law. 458-459 STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS, rights and duties. 458-461 SUBINFEUDATION AND SUBSTITUTION. 152-1 54 530 HISTORY OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LAW SUMMONS, starting real actions. 489,490 SURETY, debt for money due from. 411,412 SURRENDER, deeds of. 160, 1 61 By tenant for years. 149 SURVIVAL OF ACTIONS IN TORT. 406,407 SURVIVORSHIP, in joint tenancies. 217,218,222 SUSPENSION AND EXTINGUISHMENT OF RENT. 280-284 T TALLAGE. 66 TALTARUM’S CASE. n6note TAXES, payment of, between cotenants. 227 TENANCIES AT WILL. 142,143 TENANCIES AT SUFFERANCE. 144 TENANCIES FOR YEARS. 129-138 Writ of Covenant by tenant vs. landlord. 129 Writ Quare ejecit infra terminum. 130 Writ of trespass by tenant vs. landlord. 130 Trespass de ejectione firmae. 130 Tenancies for years chattels real. 131,134 Tenancies at will. 142, 143 Tenancies from year to year and from month to month. 143, 144 Tenancies by sufferance. 144,145 Form of lease, Statute of Frauds. 145 Assignments, Statute of Frauds. 146 Covenants in leases. 147, 148 Surrenders, Statute of Frauds. 149 TENANCIES FOR YEARS, future estates in. 262-264 TENANCIES FROM YEAR TO YEAR AND FROM MONTH TO MONTH. 143,144 TENANCIES IN COMMON. 222,223 In personal property. 224 Partition, ouster, accounting for rents and profits, repairs, improvements, taxes, waste between cotenants, see JOINT TENANCIES TENANT’S FIXTURES. 179-183 TENURE AFTER QUIA EMPTORES. 154-156 In modern times. 155,156 TERRA REGIS. 22,39 THEGNS, OR THANES. 32,33 THIRD PARTIES, AS BENEFICIARIES IN CONTRACT.. 433-437 TITLE, covenants of, run with the land. 303,304 See CONVEYANCES TITLE TO CHATTELS, transfer of. 332 See SALES INDEX 531 TORTS. 385-407 Liability in tort, Anglo-Saxon period. 385,386 Blood feud. 385 Wer, bdt, wite, outlawry. 385,386 Inevitable accident. 386,388 Self-defense. 386,387 Damage by wilful acts without moral wrong. 388,391 Common carriers and innkeepers. 391,392 Dogs, bites of. 391 Trespass by animals. 390,391 Servants, torts of. 392,395 Assault and battery, and false imprisonment. 395,396 Libel, slander, and malicious prosecution. 397, 401 Nuisance and negligence. 402,407 TORTS, Anglo-Saxon period. 34,37 TRADE FIXTURES. 175, 177, 179-183 TRADING COMPANIES, African Company, Russian Company, Turkey Company, East India Company. 453,454 TREASON, Anglo-Saxon period. 35 TRESPASS, by animals. 390, 391 De bonis asportatis. 316-320 Action by bailee. 319 Injunction to stay. 482,483 TRESPASS, misdemeanors punished by imprisonment followed fine in. 380,381 TRESPASS, writ of, by tenant vs. landlord. 129 TRIAL BY BATTLE, by ordeal, and by oath helpers or com¬ purgation. 99, 1 00 note 2 TRIAL BY JURY, criminal cases. 497 See JURY, trial by TRIAL FOR MISDEMEANORS. 498 TRINODA NECESSITAS. 47 TRUST ESTATES, curtesy in. - * / ,V .1 V v. fr / * Kfj A1 <? o V° °X. , f #v * % ^ c * * 0 /* "C ^ \V * ° ^ <P tl z <$ <V - * *v V* * A ^ ^v <> •* o , >. ’ < c 0 0 * o. r0 s* _ * 1 **p ^ * £-:iV ; t'Js- * '~3^+ aN **• X0^ A _ HmiL . 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