None
See Hool worm disease Mining, 1071 coal, 1071 "beat hand" and, 1072 feces' disposal and, 1070 moisture, value of, 1071 Minors, industrial hygiene of, 1042 Minot, 490 Miquel, 716, 730, 800 Misbranding, 526 Missed cases, 365 Mita, S., 171 Mitchell, 94, 739 Mites, 212, 287 Mitosis, 490 Mitzmain, 264, 266, 316 Miyake, 271 Moczutkowski, 293 Mode, 496 of a normal curve, 495 Mode of transmission, of anthrax, 3! of cerebrospinal fever, 197 of chicken pox, 309 of cholera, 115 of common colds, 194 of diphtheria, 160 of dengue, 244 of foot-and-mouth diaeaae, 317 of glanders, 310 of gonorrhea, 58 of hookworm, 127 of influenza, 193 INDEX 1343 Mode of trMiBnifWPony of kala-aimry 301 of leproffj, 326 of lobar pneumoniay 189 of malaria, 228 of Malta fever, 319 of meaales, 175 * of miuii]l8y 187 of plague, 264, 280 of pneumonia, 189 of poliomyelitia^ 306 of rabies, 41 of relapsing fever, 292 of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 289 of scarlet fever, 179 of sleeping sickness, 256 of smallpox, 30 of syphilis, 64 of tetanus, 76 of tracoma, 69 of tuberculosis, 141 of typhoid, 94 of typhus fever, 295 of whooping cough, 184 of yellow fever, 236, 241 Modes, of spread. See under each dis- ease of transference, 363 Model registration law, 996 Model state morbidity law, 1005 Moisture, in fumigation, 1134 Mohler, 24, 314, 574, 609 Moizard, 176, 721 Molts, in hookworm disease, 127 Monas leus, 787 Monas pyophila, 787 Monospora, 438 Montagu, 28 Montana Peak, 1231 Montgomery, 269 Moon, 41 Moore, 328, 344, 766, 909, 1158 Mora, 561 Moraz, 429 Morbidity laws, 1003 Morbidi^ notification, 1011 Morbidity rates, 1014 of cities, 1008 crude, 1014 of diphtheria, 1008, 1011 factors influencing, 1015 fatality rate an<l, 1015 hospital statistics, 1015 insurance records and, 1015 of measles, 1008, 1010 occupational diseases and, 1016 of scarlet fever, 1006 of smallpox, 1002 44 Morbidity rates, speeifle, 1014 of states, 1008 of typhoid, 1008 Morbidity statistics, 1001 authority, 1003, 1005 model state law. 1005 nature of information secured, 1010 list of notifiable diseases. Mus rattus, 268, 269, 270, 272, 274 Neph Mus rattus decumanus, 260 Nem! Musca domestica, 247, 249, 253, 327 Nerve See Flies Musca leprae, 326 Nerve Muscarin, 550, 657 Musgrave, 945 Nessl Mushroom poisoning, 645 Nette Mussel poisoning, 639 Neun Mussels, typhoid fever and, 100 Neurj Mustard, 545 Neun Mutation, 483 Neun Myelocytes, 437 Neun Myopia, hereditary transmission of. Neun 509 Neusi posture and, 1082 News f in school children, 1093 New Mysoniyia, 229 wa1 Mytilotoxin, 640 Newn Mytilus e.lulus, 639 New Myzorhynchus, 229 Newp INDEX 1345 Ime, 159, 172, 496, 638, 1002, 017, 1033 )rk, death rates in, 1030 •a in, 112 175 , 952 57, 69, 175, 207, 263, 296 , 210 ems africanus, 787 erus faba, 787 erus giganteus, 787 260 B, in water, 844 ition, of sewage, 971 icid, in rabies, 44 icter, 776 nzol, 210 n, in air, 662, 665 nt of, in various gases, 726 nic significance of, 665 Ik, 554, 597 nrage, 959 NGT gas, 731 il, 770 iter, 837 n cycle, 773 jrcerin, chart insert, 1046 bacteria, 775 soccus, 775 monas, 775 gases, chart insert, 1046 J7, 1095 45- i, 41 278 1120 i, 7, 41, 56, 57, 70, 206, 304, 144 1073 ger, 817 frequency curve, 494 African relapsing fever, 293 ind throat, of school children, 094 ilachtung, 613 3le diseases, 1004 .rity, 1003, 1005 rtain states and cities, 1007 lunicable, 1004, 1006 heria, 1011 3e incidence, 1015 )8y, 1015 5f, 1013 ies, 1007 les, 1010 al deficiency in, 1015 •ational, 1005, 1007, 1016, 1039 cians' duties in, 1004, 1009 Notifiable diseases, standard notifica- tion blank, 1012 tuberculosis, 154 See Registration; Vital Statistics Nott, 229 Notter, 764 Novy, 257, 258, 301, 413, 530, 547, 640, 645 Noxe, 655 Nuisances, 386 abatement of, 387 definition of, 386 garbage, 986 kinds of; 387 school near, 1079 sewage plants, 973 trade wastes, 974 Nurse, care in typhoid, 108, 110 Nutmeg, 545 Nuttall, 172, 266, 326, 440, 452 Nyhoff, G. Ornithodorus savignyi, 295 Orr, F. I., 334 Orsat tube, 675 Orthostatic albuminuria, 509 Orton, S. T., 360 Osborne, 415, 461, 462, 671, 755 Osgood, 307 Osier, 57, 59, 60, 502, 512, 630, 648 Ostertag, 572, 609, 640 Otto, 237, 899 Outbreaks. See Epidemics Outlets, 756 air, for sch9ol8, 1087 louvred, 761 Ovum, 492 Owen, Bichard, 630 Oxalic acid, chart insert^ 1046 Oxaluria, 521 Oxford, 156 Oxidation, of sewage, 969 and streams, self -purification of. Oxygen, 663 amount in various gases, 726 in body, 663 diminished, effects of, 737 disinfectant, 1146 dissolved, 850 hygienic significance, 663 in milk, 554 removed by illuminants, 725 in sewage, 958 in sewer gas, 731 in water, 848, 961 Oxyuris vermicularis, 788, 947 Oyster beds, 972 Oysters, 637 cholera in, 637 epidemics from, 638 fattening, 638 « floating, 638 hibernation of, 637 scoring of, in B. coli test, 637 typhoid in, 100, 637 Ozone, 665 to destroy color, 829 as disinfectant, 1146 for water purification, 897 Ozonizer, 897 Packard, A. S., 247 Page, 165 Painter ^8 lead poisoning, 1052 Palate, cleft, 499 PaUas, 269 Palmquist, 664, 672, 673 Pamphlets, disinfection of, 117 Panama, larvicide used at, 225 Pandemic, definition of, 368 Panpoukis, 49 Pan rack, for burning sulphur, 114 Panum, 529 Pappataci fever, 206, 261 Paraffin epitheliomas, 504 Paraffin oil lamp, 725 Paraform, 210, 1133 INBEX 1347 Paragonimns westennani, 207, 636, 787 Paralysis, in Pasteur prophylactic treat- ment, 49 postdiphtheritic, 169, 421 Paramoeba hominis, 787 Paranoia, 339 Parasites, 786 animal, in meat, 629 in animals, 609 blood-sucking, 205 in diseases of occupation, 1075 ecto- and endo-, 203 flies and, 254 on maize, 654 in soil, 786 table of, in man, 787 temporary and permanent, 203 in vegetables, 644 Paratyphoid fever, 623 immunity in, 624 prevention of, 625 toxin of, 625 Paratyphoid infection, 517, 531 Paresis, 339, 343. See also Fir- ehoses Paris, water-borne typhoid in, 97 Paris green, 218 Park, 80, 137, 164, 166, 167, 172, 198, 952, 1162, 1163 Parker, W. N., 236, 515 Parkes, 755, 761, 764 Parlor cars, disinfection of, 1170 Parry, 659 Parsons, H. deB., 986 Parthenogenesis, 492 Passive immimity, 395 Passy, 704 Pasteur, 44, 46, 119, 316, 391, 541, 717, 719, 783, 851 Pasteur-Chamberland filter, 895 Pasteur treatment for rabies, 45 care during, 49 complications of, 49 contraindications to, 51 diagnosis of rabies, in dogs, 52 fixed virus, 45 immunity in, 49 preparation of virus in, 45 results of, 50 street virus, 45 when to give, 51 Pasteurization, 582 *' bottle'' method, 585 holding method, 584 methods of, 584 Pasteurized milk, rickets in, 583 scurvy in, 583 Pasteurizers, Freenuin, 585 Loew, 585 Straus home, 585 Pastia, 306 Patent medicines, mental diseases and, 342 Paternal transmission, of syphilis, 502 Paterson, R. C, 1161 Pathogenic microorganism, 390 Patton, 289, 359, 361 Paul, 685, 740, 741, 1050, 1108, 1111, 1148 Paupers, number of, 475 Pearson, 490, 492, 515, 1153 Peat, 770 Pediculi, 294, 1197 Algerian relapsing fever from, 207 European relapsing fever from, 206 leprosy from, 326 Pediculus capitis, 207, 293, 295, 297, 1095 Pediculus corporis, 295 Pediculus humanus, 295 Pediculus pubis, 295 Pediculus vestimentis, 207, 293 Pellagra, 653 com and, 656 diet and, 517, 522 mental diseases from, 343 photodynamic theory of, 655 prevention of, 657 Pelletier, 124 Pembrey, 699 Pemmican, 1226 Pemphigus contagiosus, 1268 Penici Ilium brevicaule, 1002 Pennington, 642 Pennyroyal, 228 Pennyroyal oil, 210 Pepper, black, 545 Cayenne, 545 Peppermint, oil of, 210, 228 Pepsin, 421 Percolating filters, 970 Perflation, 759 Pericarp, of rice, 649 Peridinium, 858 Period, of incubation. See Incubation period of detention, 372 Periplaneta americana, 301 Periplaneta australasiae. 301 Perl, 89 Perlsucht, 616 Permanent hardness, 834 Permanganate-formalin method, 1136 Permanganate of potash, as germicide, 906 1350 INDEX Poisons, in expired breath, 738 hydrogen sulphid, 1064 in industries, 1037 mercury, 1062 metallic, 1063 phosphorus, 1057 physiological fish, 635 for rats, 276 for roaches, 303 table of industrial, chart insert, 1046 See Poisoning Poisonous gases, in air, 721, 1264 Police powers, 369 Poliomyelitis. See Infantile paralysis Pollack, 59, 60 PoUak, 147 Pollock, Horatio M., 339, 341 Polluted water, 816 analy^ of, 869 bacterial test for, 818 care of catchment areas, 820 coal-oil test for, 817 definition of, 790 fluorescin test for, 817 index of, 842 infant mortality and, 963 influence of, on disease, 915 interstate pollution of streams, 818 legal aspects of, 818 from limestone, 810 saprol test for, 817 Pollution, of cisterns, 799 interstate, of streams^ 818 of lakes, 804 protection against, 963 of soil, 131, 779 of streams, 801, 960 legal aspect, 818 trade wastes, 974 of wells, 812 See Polluted water; Stream pollution Polydactylism, 509 Poncho, 1231 Ponder, 317 Ponds, water of, 803 Poor, 44 Popper, 304 Polariscope, milk sugar in, 596 Population, 989 arithmetical estimation of, 992 distribution of, 996 emigration of, 991 estimated, 1024 fluctuations in, 991 geometrical estimation of, 993 growth of, 995 immigration of, 991 land area and, 996 Population, life tables, 1032 mean, 1024 migration of, 991, 1027 nature of census information of, 990 natural increase in, 992 source of data, 988 sources of error, in eenous, 990 standard, 1025 table of increase, 991 See Birth rate; Census; Infant Mor- tality; Marriage statistics; Mor- bidity rates; Mortali^ rates; Registration Pork tapeworm, 207, 632 Porosity, of soil, 770 Porter, 955 Porto Rican Anemia Commission, 131 Postdiphtheric paralysis, 109, 421 Post exchange, 1192 Post mortem inspection, 615 Posture, in schools, 1085 Potamon dehaanii, 207 Potassium bichromate, 256 Potassium chromate solution, 848 Potassium cyanid, 7, 210, 216 chart insert, 1046 Potassium nitrate, 548 Potassium permanganate, 1155 disinfectant, 1136 preservative, 548 in water purification, 906 Pot method, of fumigation, 1139 Potable water, 790 Potato poisoning, 648 Pothier, 236 Potter's asthma, 1053 Potter's rot, 1053 Pottery, manufacture of, 1053 Potts, W. A., 335 Poultry, drawn, 534 Powdered milk, 538 Powdered meats, 536 Prasek, 179 Pratique, 376 Pratt, 979 Precipitinogen, 451 Precipitins, 450 tests for blood, 452 for meat, 454 Precipitum, 451 Precipitation tanks, sewage, 964 Pregnancy, industrial hygiene and, 1043 Prenatal infection, 501 Preparative, 412 Preparator, 442 Preparation, of food, 550. See Food of room, for fumigation, 208 INDEX 1351 Preparation, of sewage, for treatment, 964 PresbTterian Hospital, Philadelphia, typhoid at, 103 Prescott, S. C, 953 Pre8Cot^Breed Test, milk in, ^91 Preservation of foods, 531 canning, 540 cold, 533 drying, 536 jellying, 539 pickling, 538 preserves, 539 refrigeration, 542 salting, 538 smoking, 539 sterilization, by heat, 542 Preservatives, 531 chemical, 542 arsenic, 549 benzoate of soda, 543 benzoic acid, 543 borax; boric acid, 546 formaldehyd, 544, 547 gum benzoin, 543, 544 hydrocyanic acid, 543 hydrofluoric acid, 549 hydrogen peroxid, 549 lead, 543 in milk, 568 potassium permanganate, 548 pyroligneous acid, 542 salicylic acid, 544 sodium bicarbonate, 549 sodium fluorid, 548 sodium nitrate, 548 sulphites, 544, 549 sulphurous acid, 549 cold, 533 meat, 608 ''natural" food, 542 Preserves, 539 Pressure, atmospheric, 681 Prevalence, of disease, 1001. See un- der each disease of rats, 268 Preventable accidents, 70, 1046 Preventable blindness, 69 Prevention, of anthrax, 316 of beriberi, 652 of cancer, 504 of cerebrospinal fever, 199 of chancroid, 60 of colds, 195 of color, in water, 828 of diphtheria, 166 of foot-and-mouth disease, 319 fundamentals of, 1039 Prevention, of glanders, 314 of goiter, 920 of insect-borne diseases, 203 of leprosy, 329 of malaria, 231 of malaria and yellow fever, con- trasted, 244 of Malta fever, 322 of measles, 176 of mental deficiency, 337, 341, 345, 347, 348, 350 of odors, in water, 827 of ophthalmia neonatorum, 72 of pappataci fever, 261 of paresis, 345 of pellagra, 657 of plague, 285 of pneumonia, 190 of psychoses, alcoholic, 341 traumatic, 348 of rabies, 43 of sleeping sickness, 258 of tastes, in water, 827 of typhus fever, 297 of water pollution, 817 of whooping cough, 185 tif yellow fever, 242 See Personal prophylaxis Preventive typhoid inoculations, 104 Preventoria, 158 Prickly heat, 1268 Price, T. M., 218, 547, 1075 Priestley, 662, 669, 670, 750 Primrose, 483 Pringle, 1110 Prisoners, number of, 475 Privies, 955 near dwellings, 976 ground water and, 976 leaching, 977 odors from, 976 protected, 976 in schools, 1088 screens for, 976 soil of, 976 and springs, 816 ventilation of, 976 water-tight vaults, 976 near wells, 976 Prizer, 175 Proagglutinoid zone, 455 Probability, law of, 493 Proprecipitoid zone, 451 Proescher, 45, 47 Profeta, 324 Prof eta's law, 56, 503 Prony, 794 1352 INDEX Propagation, of defectives, 472 of vaccine virus, 7 Prophylaxis, in infantile paralysis, 308 in pellagra, 657 in scarlet fever, 182 in syphilis, 58 in tetanus, 80 in venereal diseases, 61, 1230 See Personal prophylaxis Proskauer, 1145 Prosodemic, 368 Prostatolysin, 445 Prostitution, 66, 68, 345, 1230 Protargol, in ophthalmia neonatorum, 73 Protein metabolism, 430, 465 Proteins, bacterial, 465 milk, 554 determination of, 507 Protection, against pollution, 063 by sewage treatment, 064 of water, by storage, 810 Proteolytic bacteria, 533 in milk, 580 Proteosoma, 228 Protozoa, 787, 855 in sewage, 062 Protozoon carriers. See Carriers Providence, sewage treatment at, 066 Prowaczek, 60, 260 Prowazekia asiatica, 787 Prowazekia cruzi, 787 Prowazekia urinaria, 787 Prowazekia weinbergi, 787 Pseudomonas protea, 456, 864 Psychiatry, 331, 355 Psychopathic children, education of, 356 Psychoses, 332 alcoholic, 338 prevention of, 341 due to endogenous poisons, 342 erysipelas, 346 exogenous poisons, 342 head injuries, 347 prevention of, 348 inmiigration, 353 influenza, 346 malarial fever, 346 septicemia, 346 typhoid fever, 346 economic factors in, 352 hereditary, 334 prevention of, 337 mental causes, 348 prevention, 350 syphilitic, 343 prevention of, 345 tubercular, 346 Psychoses. See Mental deficiencies; Mental diseases Psychrometer, 604 Ptomain poisoning, 528 poultry and, 535 See Meat poisoning; Paratyphoid fever Ptomains, 517 in meat, 621 in shellfish, 636 See Ptomain poisoning Puberty, of school children, 1097 Public Health Day, in Schools, 132 Pulex, 263 Pulex irritans, 263 Pulex serraticeps, 263 Pulicidae, 263 Pulicke, 118 Pullman cars, disinfection of, 1170 Pulp, vaccine, 5 Pulverizer, 1147 Pumpelly, 730 Puncture, vaccination by, 0 Punnett, 485, 508, 515 Purification, of sewage, 063 of water, 878 by alum, 008 by aluminium sulphate, 906 by Anderson process, 900 by boiling, 882 chemically, 807 by chlorinated lime, 900 by copper sulphate, 000 by distillation, 882 electrical methods. Oil by evaporation and condensation, 870 by filters, 883 by iron sulphate, 008 in lakes, 803 by metallic iron, 000 by oxidation, 880 by ozone, 807 by potassium permanganate, 906 by screening, 805 by sedimentation, 806 self-purification of, 870 by storage, 806 by sunlight, 881 by ultraviolet rays, 010 Purjesz, 80 Pustule-vaccination, 13 Putnam, J. J., 350 Putrefaction, 527 bacteria in, 1102 products of, 520 in reservoirs, 806 sewage, 065, 074 INDEX 1353 Putrescin, 530 Putrid milk, 566 Pycnometer, 599 Pyemic conditions, of meat, 617 Pyocyanase, 165 Pyrethnim, insecticide, 213, 303 Pyretophonis, 229 Pyridin, 210 chart insert, 1046 Pyrolignic acid, 540 Pyrosoma bigeminum, 289 Pythogenic theory, 781 Quackery, 1002 Qualifications, of meat inspector, 612 Quales, 89 Quarantine, 371 bill of health in, 377 cholera, 119, 373 disinfection of ships in, 378 of dogs, in rabies, 43 epidemics and, 367 equipment of station, 377 interstate, 383 leprosy, 376 maritime, 372 national vs. state, 383 period of detention, 372 preventive, 382 smallpox, 373 typhus fever, 375 of vessels, 372 yellow fever, 375 See a2«o Isolation Quarantine, plague, 284, 374 Quarantine procedures, 376 Quarantine officer, qualifications of, 378 Quarantinable diseases, 372 Quartan fever, 228 Quartile, 495 Quasia infusion, 256 Quevenne lactodensimeter, 600 Quick lime. See Lime Quebec, cholera in, 112 Quinin, use of, in hookworm disease, 130 Quinin prophylaxis, against malaria, 233 Quinolin, 210 Quint, 1073 Raber, B. and carbon monoxid, 278 mental and Danysz virus, 279 weight, domestic animals and, 277 Recruits, dysentery and, 273 Recurrent economic importance of, 273 Red bloo( Egyptian, 268, 270 Red Cros! English, 268, 270 * Red lead. , food of, 270 Reductase fumigation, for destruction of, 277 Reductase habits of, 270 Reductior house, 268 Reed, 102 as intermediate hosts, 207, 260 Referee b keeping food from, 275 Refractioi leprosy and, 273, 325 Refracton migration of, 269 Refrigera Mus alexandrinus, 268 270, 274 as food Mus decumanus, 268 of tricl Mus musculus, 268 See Co] Mus norvegicus, 268, 273, 274 Refrigera Mus rattus, 268, 269, 270, 272, 274 Refrigera Mus rattus decumanus, 260 househ( Mus rudescens, 260 Refuse, 9 natural enemies of, 275 incinen parasites in, 273 table o poisons for destruction of, 276 See Ga prevalence of, 268 Regeneral relation of plague to, 264, 271 Regiment roof, 268, 270 Registerii shooting of, 277 Registrar suppression of, 274, 284 Registrat traps for, 275 authori in trenches, 1289 burial and trichinosis, 273 death c and typhoid fever, 273 of men on vessels, 270, 278, 374 model 1 Wanderratte, 269 model 1 white, 268 nature Raubitschek, 655 respona Rauer, 739 of scar Rauschkinder, 340, 510 source Ravenel, 144, 165 undertf Raw meat, 608 in the Rayband, 266 use of. Raylei/^h, 665 U. S. a Rays, ultraviolet, in water, 910 for ( Reaction, accelerated, in vaccinia, 18 of vene of milk, 554 See Bii determination of, 599 mc of water, 831 tal Reactions to typhoid inoculations, 105 Nc Receptors, 410 Regnault Recess, school, 1085 Reiche, F Recirculation, of air, 748 Reichenbi Recruiting, age of, 1180, 1186 Reincke, causes for rejection, 1181, 1195 Reinspira INDEX 1351 Relapsing fever, 292 bedbugs and, 206, 293, 301 epidemics of, 292 and flies, -206, 248, 254 immunitj to, 294 intermediate hosts of, 206 lice and, 206, 293 Belation of host and parasite, 407 Relative humidity, 691 Belief sewers, 957 Remsen, 545 Renk, 692 Renovating, com, 656 Repin, 918 Reportable diseases. See Notifiable diseases Reporting of diseases. See under each disease Reserve air, 749 Reserve corps, 1206 Reserve ration, 1225 Reservoirs, impounding, 804 Residual air, 749 Residual humus, 849 Residual typhoid fever, 88, 98 Resin, colophony, 214 Resin- lime mixture, 220 Resistance, 389 lowered, 403 of tissues, 399 See under each disease Respiration, amount of air required in, 750 amount of CO,, 749 dead space, 750 factor of safety in, 750 regulation of, 670 tidal air in, 749 vitiation of air, 749 See also Air Respiratory capacity, 750 Retaining room, 611 Retinitis pigmentosa, 509 Retrovaccination, 8 Rettger, 718 Rettger's method, 718 Return cases, 180 Revaccination, 17, 18 Reversion, 488 Rheumatic tetanus, 79 Rhinosporidium seeberi, 787 Rhus poisoning, 1266 Rice, and beriberi, 649 Richards, 659, 678, 766 Richardson, 104, 307, 737 Richet, 457, 459 Richmond, measles in, 173 Richmond's slide rule, 592 Ricin, 415, 645 Rickets, 517, 522, 523, 583 Ricketts, 206, 207, 289, 290, 291, 296, 469 Rideal, 1111, 1158 Rideal- Walker method, 1111 Rigor mortis, 606 Rimpler, 73 Rinderpest, 393, 396 Ringelmann's chart. in tuberculosis, 152 hydrogei in venereal diseases, 68 in lakes See Isolation manuria Seiffert, 624 mineral Seippel, 60 minerali Selection, 483 nitrifical Self-purification, of streams, 879, 961 odors o\ Sellards, 125 oxidatioi Selmi, 529 oxygen. Semple, 42 index Seni, 655 protozoa Senility, alcoholic, 339 putrefac Sensibilitrice, 442 quantity Sensitization. See Anaphylaxis rotifers Sensitizer, 412 self-puri Separate sewage system, 957 septic, 9 INDEX 1369 Sewage, stale, 958 streptococci in, 863 of summer hotels, 976 tests for, 973 total nitrogen in, 959 total solids in, 959 trade wastes in, 972 typhoid bacilli in, 94 volatile matter of, 959 water carriage of, 956, 975 Sewage disposal, 955 bacterial efficiency in, 972 from cesspools, 978 combined system of, 957 by dilution, 960 dry earth system, 956 importance of speedy removal, 955 rural problems of, 976 separate system, 957 in streams, 960 use of ice in, 968, 977 effect of wind on, 974 See Cesspools; Privy; Sewage Treat- ment; Stream Pollution Sewage farms, df Berlin and Paris, 967 Sewage screens, 964 Sewage sprinklers, 970 Sewage systems, 957 Sewage treatm^t, 963 activated sludge tanks, 971 bacterial efficiency of processes, 972 broad irrigation of, 966 chemical precipitation, 966 choice of methods, 972 compressed air in, 971 contact beds, 969 detritus tanks, 964 digestion tanks for, 966 disinfection, 971 Emscher tanks, 966 finishing processes, 971 fundamental principles, 964 Glasgow, 966 grit chambers, 964 Imhoff tank, 966 intermittent sand filtration, 968 London, 966 management of works, 973 nuisances caused by trade wastes, 974 by ozone, 899 percentage removal of suspended matter, 966 percolating filters, 970 plain settling tanks, 965 preparatory processes, 964 protection due to, 964 Providence, B. I., 966 purification processes, 966 Sewage treatment, screening, 964 septic tanks, 965 sludge disposal,' 971 sprinkling filters, 970 subsurface irrigation, 966 treatment plants as nuisances, 973 trickling filters, 970 vs. water filtration, 963 Worcester, Mass., 966 See Sewage Disposal; Sludge Sewer gas, 729 accidents due to, 730 bacteria in, 729 cause of odors of, 729, 960 composition of, 729 in settling tanks, 731 explosions due to, 731 illustrative cases of death from, 731 Sewers, accidents in, 730, 733 air in, 960 bacteria in air of, 729 catch basins of, 960 district, 957 flushing of, 960 house, 957 intercepting, 817, 957 lateral, 957 relief, 957 rivers as, 801 storm, 957 trunk, 957 ventilation of, 733, 960 vents in, 960 near wells, 814 Sewer traps, 960 Sex, chromosomes, 491 death rate and, 1025-1030 industrial hygiene of, 1043 population standard and, 1026 life tables and, 1032 Sex disease, leprosy, 328 Sex hygiene, 61. Slaughter, emergency, 613 Smith, B. methods of, 613 Smith, CIj Slaughtering house, 610 Smith, G., Sleeping cars, disinfection of, 1170 Smith, H. Sleeping sickness, 256 Smith, Tl and atoxyl, 258 287 diagnosis of, 259 Smoke, ai intermediate hosts, 206, 256, 260 abateme prevention of, 258 of inciu Slichter, 808 physiolc Slickers, 1230 Smoking, Slide rule, Richmond's, 592 [ Snails, 2( INDEX 1361 Snake venom, 391 Snow, Dr. John, 116, 925, 926 Snyder, 560 Soap, to determine hardness of, 836 tincture of green, 264 Soaps, germicidal, 1162 from reduction plants, 985 Social service, 355 Sodium bicarbonate, 549 Sodium borate, 255 Sodium cacodylate, 292 Sodium carbonate, 907 Sodium fluorid, preservative, 548 for roaches, 302 Sodium nitrate, 548 Sodium sulphite, 538 Soft water, 834 Softening, of the brain, 343 Soil, 767 adsorption of, 771 air in, 771 animal matter of, 770 animal parasites of, 786 anthrax and, 783 bacteria in, 769, 778 B. welchii in, 784 carbon cycle, 777 of cesspools, 978 cholera in, 785 classification of, 768 cleanliness and, 781 composition of, 769 and dirt, contrasted, 780 diseases of, 782 Geodesy, 768 goitre in, 785 of graveyards, 779 hookworm disease in, 130, 786 influence of, upon health, 782 malignant edema from, 783 mineral matter in, 769 moisture in, 772 law of, 786 nitrogen cycle, 773 odor of, 778 permeability of, 770 physical properties of, 770 porosity of, 770 privies in, 976 relation of, to disease, 778 in sewage sedimentation, 966 surface configuration, 768 teniperature of, 770 tetanus from, 782 tuberculosis from, 785 typhoid fever from, 94, 102, 784 vegetable matter in, 770 Soil, water in, 772 water capacity of, 770 Soil pollution, 779, 979 hookworms and, 130 Solanin, 517, 648 Soldiers, diseases of, 1234, 1264 equipment of, 1227 See Military Hygiene Solids. See Total solids Solutol, 1154 Splveol, 1154 Sommer, 327 Sommerfeld, 603, 1049, 1066 Sommerville, 1158 Sonden, 672, 673 Soper, 638, 942 Sophian, 200 Sorel, 330, 325 Sour milk, bacteria of, 565, 566 Sources, of infection, 362 of water, 796 Southard, E. E., 341 South African tick fever, 297 South American trypanosomiasis, 206 Soxhlet method, 595 Spanish-American War, typhoid, 103 Specificity, 398 of anaphylaxis, 460 in immunity, 393 insect borne diseases, 202 Specific gravity, of milk, 600 Specific morbidity rates, 1014 Spencer, Herbert, 496 Sperm, 492 Sperm candles, 725 Sperm inheritance, 502 Spermotoxin, 445 Sphacelinic acid, 645 Spieler, 145 Spina bifida, 499 Spirillum obermeieri, 293 Spirochaeta duttoni, 293 Spirochaeta pallida, 55, 57 Spiroschaudinnia berbera, 207, 293 Spiroschaudinnia carteri, 207, 923 Spiroschaudinnia duttoni, 206, 293 Spiroschaudinnia marchouxi, 206 Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis, 206, 293 Spitting, 155 Splenetic fever, 288 Spooner, 108 Sporadic disease, 367 Sports, 471, 483 Spots, 642 Spotted fever. Rocky Mountain 290 Spraying, to disinfect, 1137 for plants, 219 for ticks, 288 1362 INDEX Spring water, purity of, 815 Spring and fall turnover, 805 Springfield, typhoid in, 101, 103 Springs, 815 artesian, 815 classification of, 815 pollution of, 816 Sprinkling filters, 970 Spurious takes, 5 Sputum, disinfectants, 1173 corrosive sublimate, 1173 See Feces disinfection disinfection of, 1105 by autoclave, 1174 in hospitals, etc., 1174 disposal of, tuberculous, 155 in water, 817 Squirrels, 267, 279 and plague, 265 suppression of, 280 Squirrel flea, 263,^ 265 Stable, disinfection of, 1168 Stable fly, 307. See Stomozys Calci* trans Stack burner, for sulphur, 1141 Stagnation, of water, 805 Standard, of living, 994 of milk, 558 Standard death certificate, 1019 Standard deviation, 495 Standard lime-water, 678 Standard methods, of water analysis, 821 Standardization, of antitoxin, 431 of bacterial vaccines, 398 of disinfectants, 1109 of tetanus antitoxin, 433 Stanton, 651 Staphylococci, 194 Starvation, 521 State authority, 369 State model morbidity law, 1005 State morbidity rates, 1008 State notifiable diseases, 1004, 1006 State registration laws, 1005 States, registration area of, 1018 Stationary air, 749 Statistical methods, 493 Statistics, 493 of mental diseases, 332 See Vital statistics Steam, to disinfect wells, 815 as disinfectant, 1122 in preparation of food, 551 Steam disinfecting chamber, 1125 Steam heating, 765 Steam pressure recorders, 1131 Steapsin, 421 Stedman, H. B., 361 Steel, on surra, 206, 260 Steel, chart insert, 1046 Steerage, ventilation of, 754 Stegomyia calopus, 206, 221, 236, 239, 375, 797, 947 Stegomyia fasciatus, 236 Stephens, 206, 267 Stephenson, 74 Sterilization, 1099 of defectives, 474 fractional, food, 540 due to gonorrhea, 59 of wells, 815 Sterilizers, Arnold steam, 1123 autoclave, 1124 Bramhall-Deane, 1124 dry wall, 981 Koch steamer, 1124 steam chambers of, 1125 Stem, 452 Sternberg, 191, 243, 1155, 1157 Sternberg method, 1110 Stevens, £. M., 1098 Stevens^ ventilator, 760 Stewart-Slack test, 591 Stewing, of foods, 552 Steyer, 683 St. Gothard's tunnel, relation to hook- worm disease, 126 Sticker, 327, 328 Sticky fly-paper^ 2 14 Stigmata, of degeneration, 471 StUes, 126, 127, 130, 131, 280, 639, 788 StiU, 143 Stimson, 279 Stitt, 246 Stomoxys calcitrans, 206, 248, 250, 251, 269 anthrax and, 316 pellagra and, 653, 659 poliomyelitis and, 307 Stone, 219 Storage, of water, 779, 804, 819, 875, 896 Storch, 601 Storch test, milk in, 603 Store, 252 Storm sewers, 957 Stoves, Franklin, 764 Stoves, in schools, 1087 Stramonium leaves, 210 Straiibli, 629 Straus Home Pasteurizer, 585 Strauss, I., 307 Strauss reaction, in glanders, 312 Stream pollution, 801, 960 biological equilibrium, 962 INDEX 1363 Stream pollution, dissolved oxygen; in water, 961 hygienic aspects of, 962 interstate, 818 remedies for, 976 sewage disposal of, by dilation, 960 by trade wastes, 974 Streams, self-purification of, 879, 961 sewage in, 956, 961 See Rivers Street dust^ 714 Street sweepings, 981 Street virus, 45 Streptobacillus, of Ducrey, 60 Streptococci, in common colds, 194 in cerebrospinal fever, 197 in meat, 626 in milk, 576, 590 in sewage, 863 Streptococcus, Beta type, 575, 590 Streptococcus conglomeratus, 179 Streptococcus equinus fecalis, 253 Streptococcus lactis, 566, 590 Streptococcus mucous, 189 Streptococcus pyogenes aureus, 165, 590, 863 Streptococcus scarlatinae, 179 Streptothrix muris ratti, 271 Stripping, of water, 806 of white lead, 1052 Strippings, of milk, 556 Strong, 282, 653 Strongyloides stercoralis, 127, 788 Struma, 916 Strumpf, 1048 St. Vitus's dance. See Chorea Strychnin, 276 Staler, 1052 Stynis, 899 Substance sensibilitrice, 439, 442 Subsurface irrigation, 966 Suicide, 349 Sulphanilic acid, 843 Sulphates, in water, 834 Sulphur, flowers of, 211 for roaches, 303 for ticks, 287 Sulphur chlorid, chart index, 1046 Sulphur dioxid, 211 in air, 729 bedbugs and, ^300 as disinfectant, 1132 fleas and, 264 industrial poison, chart insert, 1046 as an insecticide, 210, 1138 rats and, 277 roaches and, 302 Sulphur dioxid fumigation, 1138 amount of sulphur necessary, 1139, 1141 Clayton furnace, 1144 Kinyoun-Francis furnace, 1143 liquid sulphur dioxid, 1141 pot method, 1139 stack burner for, 1141 sulphur furnace, 1142 Sulphur dips, 212 Sulphur furnaces, 1142 Sulphur ointment, 212 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 704 chart insert, 1046 Sulphuric acid, to disinfect wells, 814 industrial poison, chart index, 1046 in smoke, 709 Sulphurous acid, 549 chart index, 1046, 1141 Sunburn, 706 Sunlight, as disinfectant, 1101, 1119 physiological effect of, 706 effect on water, 881 Supplemental air, 749 Supplies, double water, 796 Suppression, of bedbugs, 300 of flies, 254 of lice, 295 of mosquitoes, 223 of rats, 274 of roaches, 302 of ticks, 288 Surface waters, 800. See water Surgeon-general's library, 1188 Surgery, defectives, 473 Surra, 206, 260 Survival of fittest, 482 Susceptibility, 394 Sutton, 245 Sweeping, dry, 714 Swimming pools, 947 diseases contracted in, 948 hygienic conditions of, 948 sanitation of, 947 Swine, as intermediate hosts, 207 Swine plague, 617, 619 Swithinbank, 575, 581, 604 Syphilis, 54 and calomel ointment, 58, 67 consequences of, 55 economic aspects of, 55 hereditary transmission of, 502 immunity to, 56 life insurance and, 57 marriage and, 345 medical prophylaxis in, 67 mental deficiency and, 343, 344 modes of transmission ot. of soil, 770 in textile mills, 1070 ventilation, effect on, 688 Temporary carrier, 365 Temporary hardness, 834 Tendency, to disease, transmission of, 501 Terman, L. M., 361 Terminal fumigation, in measles, 178 in scarlet fever, 183 Tests, for blood, 452 Temi, 282 Tertian fever, 228 Terzi, 229 Test, diphtheria antitoxin, 431 hemolytic, 444 for meat, 607 spoiled meat, 608 of sewage, 973 tetanus antitoxin, 434 Tetanaspasmin, 426, 427 Tetanin, 427 Tetanolysin, 426, 427 Tetanotoxin, 427 Tetanus, 75 etiology of, 75 idiopathic, 79 incubation period of, 79 treatment of wounds in, 80 prophylaxis of, 80 resistance of bacillus in, 79 rheumatic, 79 in soil, 769, 782 specific prophylaxis of, 81 and vaccination, 22 viability of bacillus, 80 and wound complications, 76 Tetanus antitoxin, 81, 418, 430 unit, 434 standardization of, 433 Tetanus bacillus, 75, 76, 77 Tetanus carriers, 76 Tetanus dolorosus, 429 Tetanus toxin, 417 composition of, 426 in diphtheria serum, 428 in horses, 428 mode of action, 429 by mouth, 427 preparation of, 428 toxicity of, 426 Tetrachlorethane, 297 Tetramitus mcsnili, 787 Tetravaecine, 397 Tetrodon, 635 Tents, 1278 Texas fever, 288 immunity to, 396 intermediate hosts, 206 malaria and, 228 Texas fever tick, 289 Textile industries, digging, 1070 humidity in, 1069 hygiene of, 1069 temperature in, 1070 Thackrah, 727 Thamehayn, 51 Thayer, 199 Theiler, 260 Theories, of immunity, 408 Thermal circulation, 758 Thermal death points, milk enzymes, 561 Thermal unit, 763 Thermometers, 109, 688 automatic, 1129 disinfection of, 1176 wet-bulb, 698 Thiem, 808 Thompson, 20, 26Si, 490, 515, 518, 519, 605, 655, 658, 659, 1075 Thorn, 511 Thorpe, 1053, 1059 Thread method, disinfectants^ 1109 Threadworm, 246 Three-day fever, 206 Thresh, 638, 792, 851, 910, 953 Throat, and nose, of school children, 1094 Thro, 308 Thrushfield, 160 Thurston, R. H., 518 Thwaites, W., 728 Thymoe, 130 Tibbies, 659 Tick fever, 206, 288, 292 Ticks, 287 African tick fever, 206 Amblyomma americanus linnaeus, 291 and arsenical dips, 288 Boophilus bovis, 289 canine babesiasis, 206 cattle, 289 control of, 288 dipping, 288 diseases carried by, 288 Dermacentor marginatus, 291 Dermacentor occidentalis, 290 Dermacentor variabilis, 291 Dermacentor venustus, 290, 291 eradication of, 292 life cycle of, 287 Margaropus annulatus, 289 1366 INDEX Ornithodorus moubata, 293 and relapsing fever, 206 Bocky Mountain spotted fever and, 206, 290 spraying, 288 and sulphur, 212, 287 Texas fever, 289 Tidal air, 749 Tidswell, 325 Ti6che, 18 Timoni, 28 Tin, for canning foods, 541 Tincture, of green soap, 264 Tindal, 899 Tizzoni, 46, 252, 433 Toadstools, 646 Tobin's tubes, 760 Todd, 122, 162, 206, 256, 257, 259, 260, 293 Toledo, 76 Tolerance, 390 Tollwuth, 39 Toluen, 544 Tonney, 572 Tonsilitis, in milk, 575 Tordieu, 51 Tomell, v., 1160 Torole, 468 Torrey, 253 Total nitrogen, in sewage, 959 Total solids, of milk, 558 determination of, 592 State requirements, 558 in sewage, 959 in water, 833 Toxalbumin, 427 Tozascaris canis, 788 Tozicogenic, 628 Toxin, 410, 414 botulismus, 627 dysentery, 122 mussel poisoning, 639 noxe, 655 paratyphoid, 625 solanin, 648 tetanus, 426 Toxine, and toxin, 418 definition of, 530 Toxins, 414 amanita, 646 definition of, 414 in ergot, 645 fish, 635 incubation, 416 kinds of, 414 lesions, 416 by mouth, 415 muscarine, 647 Toxoids, 410 Toxon, 170 Toxophore, 410 Trachoma, 69 Trade wastes, 972 as nuisances, 974 Trade winds, 686 Transference, biologic, 201 mechanical, 201 Transmission, congenital, 501 hereditary, of disease, 498 by insects, 201 tendency to disease, 501 See Mode of transmission Traps, for rats, 275 in sewers, 960 Trash, 181 Trask, John W., 987 Traumatism, psychoses and, 347 Travel ration, 1225 Travois, 11^9 Tredgold, 335, 336, 340, 344, 346 Trematoda, 787 Trembles, 577 Trench fever, 1243 Trenches, 1288 Trenchinosis, 630 Treponema pallidum, 55, 344, 502 Trichina spiralis, 629 effect of pickling, 538 larvae, 629 meat inspection and, 608 refrigeration, 533, 631 thermal death point of, 550 viability, 631 Trichinella spiralis, 207, 273, 400, 629 Trichinosis, 629 cooked meat and, 630 epidemics of, 630 prevention of, 630 in rats, 273 Trichomonas hominis, 787 Trichomonas dysenteriae, 787 Trichomonas pulmonalis, 787 Trichomonas vaginalis, 787 Trichostrongylus colubriformis, 788 Trichostrongylus probulurus, 788 Trichostrongylus vitrinus, 788 Trichuris trichura, 787, 947 Trickling filters, 970 Tricresol, 264, 422, 1152 Tridontophonis diminutus, 788 Trillat, 817 Trioxymethylene, 1133 Trismus neonatorum, 77 Tropical hygiene, 1289 Tropical malaria, 228 INDEX 1367 Tropical sore, and flies, 254 Trouessart, 267 Troughs, disinfection of, 1169 Trout, goiter in, 918 Trudeau, 149 Trunk sewers, 957 Trypanosoma brucei, 206, 260 Trypanosoma castellani, 260 Trypanosoma cnizi, 206 Trypanosoma dimorphon, 260 Trypanosoma equinum, 260 Trypanosoma equiperdum, 260 Trypanosoma evansi, 206, 260 Trypanosoma gambiense, 206, 256, 260, 273 Trypanosoma grussei, 256 Trypanosoma lewisi, 256, 260 Trypanosoma rhodiense, 206, 257 Trypanosoma theileri, 260 Trypanosoma ugandense, 260 Trypanosomes, kala-azar and, 261 table of, 260 Tr3rpanosomiasis, 206 Tryptophane, 324 Tschermak, 486 Tsistowitch, 451 Tsetse fly, 256 Tubercle bacilli, in milk, 590 Tubercles, in water-pipes, 852 Tuberculin, 148, 149 leprosy and, 330 reactions of, 4o6 use of, 467 Tuberculosis, 134, 1240 adrogenic infection, 141 air-borne, 141 anaphylaxis, 466 antiformin, action of, 1160 associations, 153 avian, 136 Bang method, 157 bedbugs and, 301 blindness in, 69 bovine, in man, 136 prevention of, 157 campaign against, 158 care of, in the home, 156 in children, 156 contact infection, 146 Cornet-Koch theory, 141 decline of, 151 early diagnosis of, 155 disinfection in, 155 droplet infection in, 142 fish, 136 flies, 146, 251 hereditary transmission of^ 149 housing of, 156 Tuberculosis, human and bovine, 135 immunity to, 147 industrial conditions of, 156 industrial insurance in, 158 industrial prevalence of, 1074 ingestion infection of, 143 insanity and, 346 lead poisoning and, 1051 in meat, 616 in miners, 1071 in milk, 139, 572 modes of infection of, 141, 502 notification of, 154 personal prophylaxis in, 153 prevention of, 150 resistance of virus in, 150 segregation in, 152 and soil, 785 sputum, disposal of, 155 summary, 158 tuberculin, 148, 149 and vaccination, 22 value of reporting, 1014 in water, 146, 914 Tuberculosis dispensaries, 153 Tuberculosis education, 154 Tuberculosis sanatoria, 152 Tunnicliffe, 546 Turbid water, 915 Turbidimeter, 831 Turbidity, of rivers, 830 standard of, 831 of water, 828 Turmeric, 525 Turneaure, F. E., 953 Turner, Sir George, 329 Turnover, 805 Turpentine, insecticide, 210, 295, 297 industrial poison, chart insert, 1046 Tyler, 654 Tyndall, 719 Type, for schoolbooks, 1093 Typhoid bacilli, 90. See aUo B. typho- sus Typhoid fever, 83 at Ashland, 940 attitude toward, 83 bacillus carriers, 92 blood cultures, 89 Briirs disease and, 296 at Butler, 942 at Chicago, 944 contact infection, 103 death rates, 85-88, 1008, 1018 European, 963 due to water, 933-935 diagnosis of, 89 difliofeetion of excreta, 109 1368 INDEX Typhoid fever, duet, 102 epidemic, at Allegheny, 943 at Lawrence, 943 at Lowell, 943 at Pittsburgh, 943 feces and, 90 flies and, 101, 206, 251, 254 fomites, 102 fruits and, 101 from ground water, 811 and ice, 98, 952 immunity in, 296 influence of water, 95, 864, 932 on death rate, 915, 933-935 at Ithaca, 942 at Lausen, 933 management of case of, 108 at Mankato, Minn., 941 milk-borne, 85, 98, 575 mode of entrance and exit, 89 modes of spread, 94 morbidity rate, 1008 in mussels, 100 at New Haven, Conn., 939 in oysters, 100, 637 paratyphoid and, 623 personal prophylaxis in, 110, 298 prevalence of, 84 at Plymouth, Penn., 938 preventive inoculations against, 104 psychoses and, 346 rats and, 273 residual, 88 residual rates, 98 resistance of the virus, 93 in river water, 802 roaches and, 303 shellflsh and, 100 in soil, 102, 784 in Spanish-American War, 103, 251 sumjnary of, 110 in United States Army,- 106 in United States Navy, 107 vegetables and, 101, 644 viability in water, 963 in water, 932 longevity of bacilli, 962 water-borne epidemics of, 94, 923 characteristics of, 96 See Typhoid epidemics Widal reaction in, 93 See Vaccines Typhoid inoculations, in maneuver di- vision, 107 summary of, 108 Typhoid vaccine, negative phase, 106 Typhus fever, 295 and fleas, 203 Typhus fever, intermediate hosts, 207 lice and, 207, 295 in Mexico, 289 mortality rates in, 1018 prevention of, 297 quarantine in, 375 virus of, 296 Tyrotoxicon, 529 Tyxzer, 25, 32, 504 Udder, inflammation of, 562 Uhlenhuth, 452, 461 Ultramicroscopic virus, foot-and-mouth- disease, 318 poliomyelitis, 304 Ultraviolet rays, 910 disinfectant, 1119 use in water purification, 910 Uncinariasis, 120. See also Hook- worm Disease Uneinariinae, 127 Underdrains, 957, 968 Undertaker, registration and the, 1020 Underwear, 1232 Uniformity coefficient, 886 Unit, diphtheria antitoxin, 431 tetanus antitoxin, 434 thermal, 763 Unit characters, 485, 488 United States Army, typhoid in, 107 United States death registration, 1018 United States Meat Inspection Law, 614 United States Navy, typhoid in, 107 United States morbidity statisties, 1003 United States notifiable diseases^ 1004, 1006 United States notification blank, 1012 United States registration area, 1018 for births, 997 Urea, in sewage, 959 Urease, 421 Urinals, in schools, 1088 Urine, in water, 817 Uroglena, 826, 858 Urotropin, 110, 200, 292 Vacca, 3 Vaccination, 1, 1192 altered reactions, 18 anaphylaxis, relation to, 467 areola, 4, 8, 12, 13 arm-to-arm, 4 auto-, 22 birth rates in, value of, 1000 for chickenpox, 310 claims for, 20 compulsory, 25 course of eruption in, 12 INDEX 1369 Vaccinatioiiy dangers and complications of, 21 with dry points, 6 of exposed persons, 20 and foot-and-mouth disease, 24 generalized, 22 historical note, 2 impetigo contagiosa and, 22 incision for, 9, 10 indices of a successful take in, 11 leprosy and, 22 methods of, 9 notification of, 1012 number of incisions in, 10 the operation of, 11 puncture in, 9 pustule of, 13 result of, in Germany, 33 revaccination, 17, 18 scar of, 11, 13, 17 scarification, 10 in schools, 1097 spurious takes, 5 symptoms in, 13 syphilis and, 22 tetanus and, 22 tuberculosis and, 22 typhoid and. See Typhoid vesicle of, 12 wound infections, 22 Vaccine, 4, 396 Vaccine virus, 4 bacteria in, 7 bovine, 5 carbolic acid, 7 chlorobutanol, 7 chloroform, 7 definition of, 4, 396 dry, 5 foot-and-mouth disease, 318 fresh, 5 green, 6 government control of, 24 glycerinated, 5 human, 4 potassium cyanid, 7 propagation of, 8 ripe, 6 seed, 7 vaccine lymph, 5 vaccine pulp, 5 Vaccines, bacterial, 397 cholera and, 118 meningococcus and, 200 plague and, 282 polyvalent, 397 preparation of, 397 sensitized, 397 Vaccines, for scarlet fever, 183 standardization of, 398 tetanus and, 78 typhoid. See Typhoid whooping cough and, 186 Vaccinia, 3, 4, 8, 12, 27, 318 Vacuum system, 762 VaUlard, 79 Valine, 144 Valentin, 737 Valerie, 206 Van De Velde, 561 Van Gehuchten, 53 Van Gieson, 52, 53 Van Slyke, L. L., 554 Vapor tension, 690 Variability, coefficient of, 496 Variate, 495 Variation, 481 amount of, 495 Varicella, 309 Variola, 3, 20 Variola inoculata, 27 Variola vera, 27 Varioloid, 20 Varro, 229 Vas deferens, 473 Vasectomy, 473 Vaughan, 102, 171, 251, 323, 413, 528, 529, 530, 546, 1009 Vedder, E. B., 124, 649 Veenboer 546 Vegetable dyes, in food, 525 Vegetable matter, in soil, 770 Vegetables, 644 cooking of, 551 as disease carriers, 644 hookworm and, 132 poisoning from, 644. See Foods typhoid and, 101 Veillon, 76 Velocity, air currents, 686 Venable, W. M., 986 Venereal diseases, 53 alcohol and, 65 attitude towards, 62 continence in, 65 education in, 63 medical prophylaxis in, 67, 1235 personal hygiene in, 66 prevalence of, 61 prophylaxis in, 61 prostitution and, 66 registration of, 65 segregation in, 68 See Chancroid; Gonorrhea; Ophthal- mia neonatorum; Syphilis Vents, sewer, 960 1370 INDEX Ventilation, 746 alveolar, 750 air ducts in, 756 air needed per hour, 751 air washing, 748 aspiiation, 758 of bakery, 755 of barracks, 754 blowers in, 762 C0„ effects of increased, 737 expired per hour, 752 computations of efficiency, 754 cooling, 765 of cowsheds, 755 dead-space air, 750 dust, 1067 exhaust system, 762 external, 758 factor of safety in, 750 of factories, 755 fans in, 762 floor-space, 756 of hospiti^ls, 754 effect of humidity, 693 inlets, 756 in industrial hygiene, 1045 of lodging houses, 755 of match factory, 1059 mechanical, 762 minimum space, table, 755 natural, 758 odors, 704 outlets, 756 oxygen, effects of diminished, 737 ozone, uses of, 666 perflation, 758 plenum system, 762 of privies, 976 purpose of, 746 recirculation, 748 respiratory vitiation, 749 rooms, size and shape, 754 of sewers, 733, 960 of schools, 755, 1086 of ships, 755 standards of purity, 753 summary of, 744 temperature, effect of, 688 vacuum system, 762 vitiation of air, 751 volume of air needed, 753 through walls, etc., 759 by windows, 1087 See also Air Ventilators, 756 Ellison's bricks, 760 Grid, 761 Hinckes-Bird, 761 Ventilators, Hopper, 761 Louvred outlets, 761 McKinnell's, 761 Sheringham, 760 Stevens, 761 Tobin's tubes, 760 window, 760 Verco, 501 Verhocff, 1121 Vermifuges, 130 Vesicle, in vaccination, 12 Vessels, ballast, 382 disinfection of, 379 fumigation of, for yellow fever, 375 plague and, 374 in quarantine, 372 rats on, 270 water ballast, 373 See Ships Vetch poisoning, 645 Viability, typhoid bacilli, 94 Vibrio cholerae, 113, 925. bacterial Vital capacity, 750 Vital statistics, 987 causative factors, importance of, 1016 constituents of, 987 definition, 988 derivation of, 987 development of, 988 diagnostician, value of, 1011 disease, influence of, 1001 emigration, 988 ■ enumeration, 987 fertility of race, 999 INDEX 1371 Vital statisticB, hospital, 1015 illegitimacy, 999 immigration, 988 industrial diseases, 1036 of insane, 1015 insurance records, 1015 laboratory value of, 1010 Ufe tables, 1032 of mental defectives, 1015 origin of, 988 of outbreaks, 1017 physicians' responsibility, 1008 population, based on, 989 registrar, 988, 997 in Rome, 988 of scarlet fever, 1006 of smallpox, 1002 source of data, 989 of states in U. S. registration area, 1018 of stillborn, 997 undertaker's duty in, 1020 value of, 988 vitiated, 988 See Birth rates; Census; Death rates; Infant mortality; Mar- riage; Morbidity; Mortality rates; Notifiable diseases; Pop- ulation; Registration Vitamin, 519, 521, 522, 649, 651 Vitiated air, 735 analysis of, 739 at Austerlitz, 736 at Black Hole of Calcutta, 736 cause of its effects, 742 effects, extreme, 736 of diminished oxygen, 737 of increased C0„ 737 physical changes, 740 physiological effects, 735, 742 poisons in, 738 reinspmtttOn of expired air, 742 summary, 744 Londondery, S,8,, 737 Vitiation, carbon dioxid, as index of, 671 Vivosphere, 661 Voges, 260 Voit, 697 Volatile oils, 297 Voltman, 198 Volvaria gloiocephala, var. speciosa (Fr.), 646 von Behring, 547 von Drigalski, 123 von Ermengen, 539, 626 von Freudenreich, 561 von Frischi 533 von Hoffman- Wellenhof, 739 von Pirquet, 18 Vosmer, 899 Vulcanstein, 144 Vulvovaginitis, 59 Wade, 163 Walker, 123, 125, 266, 742, 1111 Wall paper, arsenic in, 1061 Walls, ventilation through, 760 Wanderratte, 269 War nephritis, 1252* Ward, R. D., 353, 766 Ward family, 479 Warm, dry air, 701 moist air, 700 Warren, G., 229 Warren, J. C, 197 Warthin, 505 Washburn, 574, 1038 Washerwomen, glanders in, 311 Washing, air, 748 Washington, flies and typhoid in, 102 milk-borne epidemic in, 100 typhoid in, .contact infection, 104 and shellfish, 101 Wassermann, 429, 445, 452, 469 Wassermann reaction, 446 graphic representation of, 447 in leprosy, 330 in matrimony, 503 Wasserschen, 39 Water, 789 acidity of, 832 aeration of, 827, 853 algae in, 805, 824 allowable limits of impurities in, 807 ammonia, free, 837 albuminoid, 841 amount necessary, 792 analysis of organic matter in, 837, 915 animal parasites in, 947 aquaphone, 795 artesian, 797, 812 bacteriological examination of, 858 as ballast, 382 bleaching, 828 boiled, 882 bottles for samples of, 822 calcium in, 835 carbonates in, 834 as a carrier, of infection, 912 of sewage, 956 catchment area, 819 cement-lined pipes, 853 checking waste, 795 1372 INDEX Water, chemical analysis of, 821 expression of results, 854 chlorids in, 834 chlorin in, interpretation of, 846 chlorinated lime, 1159 cholera in, 115, 869, 925 See Cholera city supplies, 913 classification of, 790 clinical experience, 821 color of, 828 to estimate, 829 composition of, 789 contaminated, 790 diarrhea in, 945 diet and, 912 distilled, 882 double supplies, 796 drainage area, 819 drinking, 801 dysentery in, 944 effect of storage, 875, 877 epidemics from public supplies, 924 feces in, 817 filter gaUeries, 809 filters for, 883 filtration of, 963 vs. sewage purification, 963 goiter and, 917. See Goiter ground, 806. See Ground water hardness of, 834 table of, 836 industrial needs, 794 infant mortality and, 914 infected, 790, 816 influence of, on typhoid fever, 95, 932 inorganic impurities of, 817, 916 iron in, 852 to remove, 853 Javelle, 1159 lead poisoning, 920. See Lead poisoning lime in, 835 from limestone, 810 magnesium, 835 malaria in, 946 for manufacturing needs, 794 methods of analysis, 821 microscopical examination of, 855 and military hygiene, 1281 in milk, 598 Mills-Reincke phenomenon, 913 nitrates in, 844 nitrites in, 842 nitrogen in, 837 non potable, 790 non specific diseases, 915 normal, 790 Water, odors of, 805, 823, 827, 857, 978 to determine, 826 to prevent, 827 oils in, 826 oxygen consumed, 848 oxygen dissolved, 850, 961 oxygen in, 848 per capita consumption, 794 physical examination of, 821 pitometer, 795 plumbo-solvent action of, 921 pollution of, 816. See Polluted water potable, 790 properties of, 791 pure, 790 purification of. See Purification of water putrefactive index, 849 quantity of, per day, 792 for cities, 793 rain, 797. See Rain water reaction of, 831 relation of, to disease, 912 to health, 912 residual humus in, 849 samples of, collection of, 822 from sandstone, 810 sanitary analysis of, 821 interpretation of, 866 Sedgwick-Rafter method, 855 sediment in, 829, 896 sewage in, 972 and smoke, 709 sodium chlorid in, 846 soft, 797, 802, 834 in soil, 772 sources of, 796 specific diseases due to, 923 spring, 815. See Springs spring and fall turnover, 805 sputum in, 817 stagnation of, 805 storage of, 804, 819, 896 storm, 958 stripping of, 806 sulphates in, 834 surface, 800. See Impounding rer ervoirs; Lakes; Rivers of swimming pools, 947 table of amounts used, 793 taste of, 805, 823 total solids in, 833 trade wastes in, 974 tuberculosis in, 146, 914 turbi<lity of, 829 turbidity standard of, 831 INDEX 1373 Water, typhoid in. 932. See Typhoid units of measurement^ 854 urine in, 817 uses of, in body, 791 wasted, 792, 794 wastes in, 817 weUs, 811. See Wells yellow fever and, 947 Water analysis, 821 examples of, 869 interpretation of, 866 Water ballast, cholera in, 373 Water-borne amebic dysentery, 944 Water-borne bacillary dysentery, 944 Water-borne cholera, 116 Water-borne diarrhea, 945 Water-borne epidemics, 923 Water-borne goiter, in Vienna, 917 Water-borne hookworm, 132 Water-borne tuberculosis, 143 Water-borne typhoid, 94, 96, 924 in Georgetown, 100 in Washington, 100 See Typhoid in water Water carts, 1283 Water carriage system, 956 Water-closets, in schools, 1088 Water gas, 724 Water meters, 795 Water pipes, lead, 920 •iron, 852 tubercles in, 852 Water-proofing, 1230 Water-shed, 819 Water siphon method, 672 Water-troughs, disinfection of, 1169 Water vapor, 662, 689. See Humidity Watering, of milk, 559, 568 Watercress, 101 Waterhouse, 1, 3 Watertown, typhoid in, 99 Wastes, dye, 974 petroleum, 974 solid, 981 trade, 972, 974 Watson, 958 Watsonius watsoni, 787 Web fingers, 499 Webb, 149 Weber, 139, 140 Wechsberg, 449 Wedgwood, 479 Weichardt, 459, 740 Weichselbaum, 145, 198 Weigert, 409 Weight, of recruits, 1184, 1187 Weigmann,' 508 Weil, 17; WeiFs disease, 1254 Weismann, 471, 484, 515, 740 Weismann's views, on heredity, 484 Weisner, 306 Weir, 739 Welch, 197, 206, 228, 390, 413, 566, 784 Welch's gas bacillus, 784 Weller, 1051 Wellman, 653 Wells, L., 77, 188, 351, 359 Wells, 811 artesian, 812 cesspools and, 978 composition of water in, 814 construction of, 812 deep, 812 disinfection of, 814, 1176 driven, 812 location of, 814 near privies, 976 near sewers, 814 pollution of, 812 shallow, 812 Welsbach burner, 725 Werner, 327 Werner-Schmidt method, 594 Wernstedt, 307 West African relapsing fever, 293 Westphal balance, 599 Wet and cold, exposure to, 404 Wet-bulb temperature, 698 Weyl, T., 388, 427, 1049, 1073, 1076, 1098 Wheeler, 952 Whentham, 480 Wherry, 279, 325, 327 Whipple, G. C, 713, 717, 794, 826, 855, 857, 877, 939, 942, 943, 944, 946, 953, 981 White, 61, 242, 323, 333, 359, 360 White lead. Sec Lead poisoning White precipitate, 295 Whitelegge, 1110 Whitewash, 1156 Whitla, 144 Whittaker, 945 Whooping cough, 184 closing schools, 186 death rates, 173 immunity to, 184 incubation of, 185 mental deficiency and, 347 mode of transmission, 184 mortality of, 186 prevention of, 185 quarantine in, 185 vaccines, 186 Wickman, 304, 307 Widal, 441, 454 ^^^m4^^^^^^flNDEX^^^^^^^^^^H ^^B Widal reaction* 03 Wounds, treatment of, tetimoft, 7^m1^| ^m Wilbur, Creasy L., lOlS W right, 104, 100, 308, 439, 440, 4flt ^m WMcier, 207, 200 VVriftt drop, 1050 ^ ^m WjIo', 532, 541, 544, *107, 050 Writer's cramp, 1041 ■ ^M Williams, 41, 52, 73, 140. 301, 020 \Vuth. 30 ^^^M ^m Wilms, 010 ^Vysokowlez, 45 ^^^H ^m Wirsoi), E, B., 200, 398. 484, 4I»0, 402, ^^^H ^m Xenon, 002 ^^^| ^^m VViiul, in Beua^' iliRpofiHl, 074 Xenopfl,v11a che«)piB. 207, 20.1 ^^H ^^M Window yen tilit tors, 700 XenopsyOa nheopia Rothue. 202 ^^H ^H Windows, in schools, lOHO X, Y, Z theory of cholera, U3 ^^M ^m Wind». 1425 RosenaUjM.J. 47179 R813 Preventive medicine 1918 and hygiene. \,M. 