None
i I INDEX Abderhalden, Emil, 35 Absorption, a pbydologicftl process, 41 diffusion as a factor in, 41 from the stomach, 31 in intestine, 37 of fats, 43, 49 of fats, in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 261 of food products, by blood, 44 of peptones, 41 of proteid in dogs on bw proteid diet, 233, 262 of proteid products, 47 of proteoies, 41 osmosis, as factor in, 41 paths of, 44 reconstruction of proteid during, 42 selective action, of sugars, 47 Add, aspartic, 34, 67, 259 glutaminic, 34, 259 hydrochloric, 25, 26 uric, 73 uric, excretion of, as influenced by diet, 144 Acids, amino, 34 diamino, 34 Adenase, 71 Adenin, 72 Aldehydase, 64 Amino acids, 34, 67 Ammonia, 70, 259 Amylopsin, 32 Anabolism, 50 Animals, influence of low proteid diet on high proteid, 231, 233, 243 Animal starch, see Glycogen Appetite, in relation to food requirements, 162 Arginin, 34, 68, 70, 259 Aigutinsky, views on muscle work, 123 Aspartic acid, 34, 67, 259 Assimilation limits of sugars, 47 Athlete, photograph of, 190 Athletes, fuel value of food of, on low proteid diet, 198 strength tests of, on low proteid diet, 206 804 INDEX I AtblBtOi, tnie jnotaid requirBmoit of, 186 Atwuter uid Benediet, 109, 111 Atttodigettaon (Me Autolyrii), 68 Aiitolyiit, 12 AviilabUity, of f oods, 12 of oaibdiydimtei, m aouroe of eneigj, 45 B Baeteikl flora in intaitiiie, of oumivoim, 202 of heibivoim, 202 Baotarial prooewM in inteitizie, in relation to food, 202 Balance, nutritiTe, as aifeeted l^ varioui faeton, 117, 118 Baial eneigj eTohangp, 104 Beaumont, ^f^lliam, on movements of stomach, 27 Benedict, F. 0., ses Atwater and Benedict Bergell and Lewin, 86 Beriberi, and diet, 224 Blood, absorption of food products by, 44 behavior of disaccharides when introduced into, 30 effects of injection of proteoses and peptones into, 41 relation of sugar in, to glycogen, 46 sugar in, 45 Body, amounts of food required to furnish proteid needs of, 274 efficiency of, as a machine. 111 equilibrium, 78 nature of oxidation in the, 60 needs of nitrogen by, 4 needs for food by, 160 needs and dietary habits, 268 needs of proteid by, 268, 272 relation of oxygen to decompositions in, 61 resistance, see Resistance sample dietaiy supplying needs of, 280 site of oxidation in, 62 surface, relation to energy exchange, 104, 105 surface, relation to nitrogen requirement in dogs, 248 Body-weight, on low proteid diet, 175, 181, 185, 190, 199, 245-255 relation to proteid requirement, 184, 188, 198, 227 Bright's disease, see Nephritis Breisacher, L., on minimum proteid requirement, 172 Bunge, 124 C Calorie, 14 Calorimeter, respiration, 102 Cane sugar, assimilation limit of, 47 behavior when introduced into blood, 30 utilization of, 40 Gannon, W. B., on muscular movements of stomach, 28, 20 INDEX 805 Carbon dioxide, output in rest, 111, 112 dioxide, output during work. 111, 12r equilibrium, 84 excretion, during fasting, 84 moiety of proteid, 129 Camivora, bacterial flora in intestine of, 292 Carbohydrates, as food, 6 as fuel, 6 as heat producers, 58 as proteid sparera, 92 as source of energy, 128 as source of energy in fasting, 81 as source of energy in work, 68 availability of, 13 availability of, as source of energy, 46 composition of, 5 formation from proteid, 129 fuel value of, 15 in foodstuffs, 7 liver as regulator of, 45 respiratory quotient of, 107 Casein, cleavage products of, 70 Caspari and Glftssner, on minimum proteid requirement in man, 172 Cellulose, in vegetables, influence on digestion, 263 Chemical character of proteid, influence on nutrition, 256 composition of foodstuffs, 7 Circulating proteid, 134 Clapp, S. H. (see Osborne and Clapp, on proteid cleavage products), 258 Cleavage, oxidative, 61 Climbing, oxygen consumption in, 116 Cogan, Thomas, on temperance in food, 166 Cohnheim, Otto, on proteid decomposition, 36 Composition, of proteid, 3 of carbohydrate, 5 of fat, 6 Comaro, Louis, on tempepance in food, 168 Cost of foods in relation to nutritive value, 277 Creatin, 74 Creatinin, 74 excretion, as influenced by diet, 144 Curtis, Edward, Nature and Health, 2, 5, 214 D Dapper, Max, 99 Dangers of underfeeding, 214 Degeneration, fatty, 270 Deuteroproteose, 67, 69 Dextrins, 21, 37 Dextrose, 37 20 806 INDEX Dextrose, aadmilation, limit of, 47 utilization of, 40 Diabetes, phloridzin, 130 Diamino acids, 34 Diet, and beriberi, 224 and renal activity, 297 effects of exclusive proteid, upon rats, 239 effects of intemperance in, 270 effects of rice, on rats, 240 fat absorption in dogs on low proteid, 233, 261 influence of, on creatin in excretion, 144 exclusive proteid, on progeny in rats, 240 on growth in rats, 239 monotony in, 242 on oxygen consumption in msxt at rest, 126 on oxygen consumption in man at work, 126 on respiratoiy quotient in msxt at rest, 126 on respiratoiy quotient in man at work, 126 rice, on growth in rats, 240 on urea excretion, 144 on uric acid excretion, 144 vegetable, upon dogs, 254, 256 in relation to nephritis, 297 in relation to nitrogen distribution in urine, 144 in relation to seasons of the year, 296 of Highlanders, 279 low proteid, influence on body- weight in dogs, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255 nitrogen excretion during severe work on exclusive proteid, 123, 124 philosophy of a mixed, 92, 276 relation of endurance to low proteid, 210, 212 relation of inorganic salts to, 299, 300 relation of work to, 126 relation of vegetable food to low proteid, 291 sample, of soldiers, 194 sample, in experiments on true proteid requirement in man, 178, 182, 189, 195 simplicity in, advantages of, 279, 293 temperance in, 270 utilization of fat in dogs on low proteid, 261 utilization of nitrogen in dogs on low proteid, 262 variety in, 229, 242 Diets, normal, see Standard diets standard, 155 Dietary habits, in relation to needs of body, 268 of fruitarians, 215 of Japanese, 225 sample, supplying needs of body, 280 standards, use of the term, 272 Dietetic customs of mankind, 154 INDEX 807 Dietetics, habit in, 159 Diffusion, as factor in absorption, 41 Digestibility, see Availability Digestion, gastric, of proteids, 26 importance of gastric, 30 influence of ceUulose in vegetables on, 263 in the stomach, 25 object of gastric, 30 of fat, in intestine, 36 of fat, in stomach, 36 of starch, 21 products of pancreatic, of fats, 36 products of pancreatic, of proteids, 34, 67 products of pancreatic, of starch, 37 products of salivary, 21 salivaiy, in stomach, 23 Digestive products, reconstruction of proteid from, 42 Disease, relation of excessive proteid consumption to, 269 Dogs, effects of low proteid diet on, 232-236, 245-255 fasting experiments on, 82 fat absorption in, on low proteid diet, 233, 261 fuel value requirement of, 234, 236, 245-255 influence of low proteid diet upon body- weight in, 245-255 influence of vegetable diet on, 254, 256 nitrogen requirement of, 234, 235, 236, 245-255 photographs of, 248 proteid absorption in, on low proteid diet, 233, 262 proteid requirement, experiments by Munk, 232 proteid requirement, experiments by Rosenheim, 234 proteid requirement, experiments by Jagerroos, 236 proteid requirement, experiments by author, 243 utilisation of fat in, on low proteid diet, 261 utilisation of nitrogen in, on low proteid diet, 262 Disaccharides, utilization of, 40 E Edestin, cleavage products of, 70 Efficiency of body, as a machine. 111 Egg albumin, cleavage products of, 70 Endogenous metabolism, 145, 146 Endurance, relation of, to low proteid diet, 210, 212 Energy, availability of carbohydrates, as source of, 45 basal exchange, 104 carbohydrate as source of, 128 carbohydrate as source of, in fasting, 81 conservation of, in man, 103 ' exchange, effect of muscular work, 109, 110, 113, 115 exchange, factors modifying, 105, 106 808 Dn)EX Eneisyf exchange, in relation to work, 119 exchange proportional to body mirfaoe, 104, 105 fat as aouroe of, 128 fat as source of, in fasting 81 foods as source of, 15 metabolism of, in num, 103 of muscle contraction, 121 origin of, in fasting, 81 output, in Dum, 103 produced by man, 106 proteid as source of, 122, 123, 124, 129 proteid as source of, in fasting, 81 source of, in body, 21, 121 source of, during fasting, in work, 126 Enteroldnase, 33 Ensymes, deamidising, 71, 72 in gastric juice, 25 in pancreatic juice, 32 in saliva, 20 intracellular, 63, 71, 72, 75 reversible action of, 21 specificity of, 21 Equilibrium, carbon, 84 nitrogenous, 78 of body, 78 Erepsin, 34 Elxchange, basal energy, 104 of energy, as affected by work, 109, 110, 113, 115, 119 of energy, factors modifying, 105, 106 of energy, relation to body surface, 104, 105 Exogenous metabolism, 145, 146 Fasting, carbohydrates as source of energy in, 81 excretion of carbon during, 84 excretion of nitrogen during, 80, 82, 84 experiments on dogs, 82 experiments on man, 80, 84 fat as source of energy in, 81 fuel value during, 86 fuel value of fat, metabolized during, 86 metabolism of fat during, 84 nitrogen excretion during, 80, 82, 84 origin of energy in, 81 proteid as source of energy in, 81 proteid metabolism during, 83 relation of nitrogen excretion to work during, 125 source of energy for work during, 125 Fat, absorption, 43, 49 INDEX 809 Fat, abaorption in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 261 as food, 6 as fuel, 6 as source of energy, 128 as source of energy during work, 58 as source of energy in fasting, 81 composition of, 6 digestion of, in intestine, 36 digestion of, in stomach, 36 fuel value of, 15 fuel value of, metabolised during fasting^ 86 hydrolysis of, 36 influence of feeding, on body fat, 44 in foodstuffs, 7 laying on of, from overfeeding, 98, 99 metabolism during fasting, 84, 86 respiratoiy quotient of, 107 saponification of, 36 specificity of body, 44 qmthesis of, 43 utilization of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 261 Fats, availability of, 13 as heat producers, 58 as proteid sparers, 92 Fatty degeneration, 270 Fatigue, relation to low proteid diet, 208 Fenger, S., 293 Fick and Wlslicenus, on source of muscular energy, 121 Fischer, Emil, 21 Fisher, Irving, on endurance and low proteid diet, 210 on method of indicating food values, 283 Folin, Otto, theory of proteid metabolism, 144 Food, absorption and utilisation of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 261, 262 amounts, required for proteid needs of body, 274 as fuel, 6 as source of energy, 15 availability of, 12 carbohydrates as, 6 character of, in relation to bacterial proc e ss e s in intestine, 292 consumption and obesity, 270 consumption, relation to prosperity, 160 fats as, 6 fuel value of, 274 of fruitarians, 217 in experiments on proteid requirement, athletes, 198 in experiments on proteid requirement, professional men, 178, 180, 185 in experiments on proteid requirement, soldiers, 198 of Japanese, 219, 221 fuel value requirement of, in diogs, 234, 236, 245-255 810 INDEX Food, influence of, on reepiimtoiy quotient, 107 needs of body for, 100 of man, 2 proteids as, 3, 5 real need of body for proteid, 272 relation of appetite to, 162 relation of nutritive value and coet of, 277 requirements, factors modifying, ld6 temperance in, 166, 168 value of fruits as, 290 values of, method of indicating, 283 Foods, respiratoiy, 58 time, remain in stomach, 20, 30 Foodstuffs, carbohydrate in, 7 composition of, 7 fat in, 7 fuel value of, 7 inoi|;anic salts in, 7 oi|^c, 3 plastic, 58 proteid in, 7 water in, 7 Frits, photograph of, 100 Fruitarians, dietary of, 215 fuel value of food of, 217 proteid consumption of, 217 Fruits, value of, as food, 200 Fuel, carbohydrate as, 6 fat as, 6 proteid as, 6 Fuel value, in fasting, 86 of carbohydrate, 15 of fat, 15 of fat metabolized during fasting, 86 of food, in experiments on proteid requirement, athletes, 188 of food, in experiments on proteid requirement, professional men, 178, 180, 185 of food, in experiments on proteid requirement, soldiers, 198 of food of fruitarians, 217 of food of Japanese, 219, 221 of foods, 274 of foodstuffs, 7 of proteid, 15 of proteid metabolized during fasting, 86 requirement in the dog, experiments by Munk, 234 requirement in the dog, experiments by Rosenheim, 236 requirement in the dog, experiments by Jagerroos, 236 requirement in the dog, experiments by author, 245-255 INDEX 811 O Gastric digestion, importance of, 30 object of, 30 products of, 26 Gastric juice, action on milk, 26 composition of, 25, 26 functions of, 25, 27 hydrochloric acid in, 25, 26 influence of diet upon flow of, 25 pepsin in, 25 psychical stimulation of, 24 Gastric secretion, 24 Gelatin, as food, 4, 5 Glassner, see Caspari and Glassner Gliadin, cleavage products of, 70, 259 Glutaminic acid, 34, 67, 70, 259 Glutenin, cleavage products of, 259 Glycerin, 36 Glycocoll, 67 Glycogen, formation from proteid, 130 in liver, 46 relation to sugar of blood, 46 Growth, influence of diet on, in rats, 239 Guanase, 71 Guanin, 72 Habit, in dietetics, 159 Heat, furnished by fats and carbohydrates, 58 production during sleep, 104, 105 production in work, 110 Herbivora, bacterial flora in intestine of, 292 Herter, C. A., on bacterial flora, 292 Hirschfeld, Felix, on minimum proteid requirement, 170 Histidin, 34, 68, 70 Hofmeister, Frans, on sugar assimilation, 47 Hunt, Reid, on bw proteid diet and body resistance, 226 Hunter, Andrew, see Watson and Himter Hydrochloric acid, in gastric juice, 25, 26 Hydrolysis, of fats, 36 Hypoxanthin, 72 I Indol, 37 Inorganic salts, and renal activity, 298, 300 in foodstuffs, 7 in nutrition, 2 relation to diet, 299, 300 812 INDEX Intemperance in diet, effects of, 270 Intennediary metaboliBm, tee Exogenous metabolism Intestine, absorption in, 37 chemical changes in, 33 putrefaction in, 37 bacterial flora of, 292 Invertase, 40 Jagerroos, B. H., on proteid requirement in the dog, 236 Japanese Army and Navy, rations of, 224 Japanese, dietary of, 225 fuel value of food of, 219, 221 proteid consumption by, 219, 221 K Katabolism, 50 nature of proteid, 75 oxygen in, 62 relation to intracellular ensymes, 75 Klemperer, on proteid requirement, 171 L Lactase, 40 Lavoisier, views on oxidation, 56 Leucin, 34, 67, 70, 259 Leucosin, cleavage products of, 259 Levulose, assimilation limits of, 47 Lewin, see Bergell and Lewin Liebig, views on oxidation, 57, 120 Lipase, 32 Lipolysis, by pancreatic juice, 36 Liver, function of, as regulator of carbohydrate, 45 glycogen in, 46 synthesis of proteid by, 48 Luxus consumption, of proteid, 59 Luthje, 101 Lymphatics, absorption of food products by, 44 Lysin, 34, 68, 70, 259 M Maltose, 21, 37 behavior when introduced into blood, 39 Man, conservation of energy in, 103 energy produced by, 106 experiments on oxygen consumption in, 126 fasting experiments on, 80, 84 INDEX 818 Man, food of, 2 metabolism of energy in, 103 minimum proteid requirement in, 170, 171, 172, 174-208 work experiments on, 110-116 Mastication, importance of, 23 Meat, influence on growth in rats, 239 Metai>olic changes as influencing respiratoiy quotient, 108 Metabolism, 51 and old age, 296 endogenous, 145 exogenous, 145 Folin's theory of proteid, 144 influence of proteid on, 83 influence of carbohydrates on proteid, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97 influence of fat on proteid, 92, 93, 96, 97 influence of proteid on proteid, 88 of energy in man, 103 of fat during fasUng, 84, 86 oxidation in, 60 of proteid during fasting, 83, 86 Pfliiger's theory of proteid, 138 processes of, 51 significance of exogenous and endogenous proteid, 49 significance of proteid, 131 Voit's theory of proteid, 134 Methyl glycocoll, see Sarcosin Methyl guanidin, 74 Milk sugar, assimilation limit of, 47 behavior when introduced into blood, 89 utilization of, 40 Mineral matter, see Inorganic salts Minimum proteid requirement, 59 Mixed diet, philosophy of a, 92, 276 Monotony of diet, influence of, 242 Morphotic proteid, 134 Munk, Immanuel, on proteid requirement in the dog, 232 Muscular movements of stomach, 27-30 N Needs of body for food, 169 Nephritis, in relation to diet, 297 Neumann, R. O., on low proteid diet, 286 Nitrogen, distribution of, in the urine in relation to diet, 144 needs by body, 4 utilization of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 262 Nitrogen excretion, as influenced by proteid, 59, 87, 90 during fasting, 80, 84 during work in fasting, 125 during excessive work, 114, 127 814 INDEX Nitrogen excretion, during hard work on proteid diet, 123, 124 in experiments on proteid requirement, in dogs, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255 in experiments on true proteid requirement, athletes, 187, 188 in experiments on true proteid requirement, profes- sional men, 176, 177, 181, 185 in experiments on true proteid requirement, soldiers, 199, 200, 201 relation to work, 122, 123, 124 Nitrogen equilibrium, on k>w proteid diet, 176, 177, 181, 188, 200, 201, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255 Nitrogen requirement, in dogs, 234-236, 245-255 in num, 180, 184, 185, 187, 198, 227 relation to body- weight, 184, 248 Nitrogenous equilibrium, 78 Nitrogenous metabolism, theoiy of Folin, 144 theoiy of Pfiiiger, 138 theoiy of Voit, 134 Normal diets, 155 Nutrition, factors in, 16, 17 influence of chemical character of proteid on, 256 inorganic salts, as aids in, 2 physiological economy in, 264 purpose of, 2 Nutritive balance, as affected by various factors, 117, 118 Nuclease, 71 Nucleoproteid, character of, 3 cleavage products of, 71 O Obesity, relation to food consumption, 270 Old age, metabolism in, 296 Osborne and Clapp, on chemistry of proteids of wheat kernel, 258 Osmosis, as factor in absorption, 41 Overeating, evil effects of, 270 Overfeeding, in laying on of fat, 98, 99 Oxidase, xanthin, 73 Oxidases, 64 Oxidation, in metabolism, 60 nature of, in the body, 60 older views regarding, 52 relation to enzymes, 75 site of, in the body, 62 value of respiratory quotient in determination of substances undergoing, 125 views of Lavoisier on, 56 views of Liebig on, 57, 120 USTDEK 815 Oxidative cleava^, 61 Ozjrgen, in katabolism, 02 relation to deoomposition* in the body, 61 relation to proteid decompodtion, 50 Oxygen consumption, in climbing, 116 in relation to work, 133 in ftanding at rest, 116 in walking, 116 Pancreatic digestion, of proleids, 34 products of, 34, 67 products of, of strach, 37 Pancreatic juice, composition of, 32 condition of trypsin in, 33 ensymes in, 32 secretion of, 31, 32 sodium carbonate in, 32 Paths of absorption, 44 Pawlow, on adaptation of saliva, 18 Pepsin, in gastric juice, 25, 26 Peptones, 67 absorption of, 41 cleavage by erepsin, 34 effects wh«i injected into bkwd, 41 formed in gastric digestion, 26 Pfliiger, E., theory of proteid metabolism, 138 views on muscle work, 123 Phenol, 37 Phloridsin diabetes, 130 Phosphorus, excretion of, in relation to work, 123 Photograph, of athlete, 190 of Frits, 199 Photographs, of dogs, 248 of soldiers, 193 Physical endurance, tee Endurance Physiological economy in nutrition, 264 Plastic foodstuffs, 58 Poisons, relation of body resistance to, on low proteid diet, 226 Polypeptid, 35 Portal vein, absorption of food products by, 45 Proc esses of metabolism, 51 Products, of cleavage of wheat kernel proteids, 259 of gastric digestion, 26 of pancreatic digestion, 37, 67 of proteid cleavage, 70 of putrefaction in intestine, 38 of salivary digestion, 21 816 mDEX Products of digestion, absorption of, 44 Professional men, fuel value of food on low protdd diet, 178, 180, 185 nitrogen equilibrium of, on low proteid diet, 176, 177, 181 true proteid requirement of, 174 Progeny, influence of meat diet on, in rats, 240 Prosperity, relation to food consumption, 160 Proteid, absorption of, in dogs on low proteid diet, 233, 262 absorption of cleavage products, 47 amoimts of food required to supply needs of body for, 272 as food, 3 as fuel, 6 as glycogen former, 130 as source of energy, 122, 123, 124, 129 as source of energy, in fasting, 81 availability of, 12 body-weight on diet low in, 170-175, 181, 185, IdO, 199, 245, 249, 250, 251 carbon moiety of, 129 chemical basis of protoplasm, 51 circulating, 134 cleavage products of, 70 composition of, 3, 69 consiunption by fruitarians, 217 consumption by Japanese, 219, 221 decomposition by oxygen, 59 decomposition in work, 58 excessive consumption of, relation to disease, 269 effect of diet exclusively of, on rats, 239 effect on dogs of diet low in, 233, 234, 237, 245-255 fat absorption in dogs on diet low in, 261 food, real need of body for, 272 formation of carbohydrate from, 129 fuel value of, 15 fuel value of, metabolized during fasting, 86 influence of chemical character of, on nutrition, 256 diet exclusively of, upon progeny of rats, 240 diet low in, on high proteid animals, 231, 233, 243 on excretion of nitrogen, 59, 87, 90 on metabolism, 83 on metabolism of, 88 in foodstuffs, 7 katabolism, 75 luxus consumption of, 59 metabolized during fasting, 86 minimum requirement, 59 morphotic, 134 need of body for, 268 nitrogen equilibrium on diet low in, 176, 177, 181, 200, 201, 245, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255 overfeeding with, 98 IKDEX 817 Proteid, reconfltruction of, during absorption, 42 relation of endurance to diet low in, 210, 212 relation of fatigue to diet low in, 208 respiratoiy quotient of, 107 resistance of body to poisons on diet low in, 226 safety in relation to diet low in, 231 significance of complete cleavage of, 35 storing of, 92, 98, 99, 100 strength tests on diet low in, 203, 206 synthesis, 48, 49, 68 utilization of fat in dogs on diet low in, 261 utilization of nitrogen in dogs on diet low in, 262 work done at expense of, 58 Proteid diet, experiments of Neumann on low, 286 body-weight of dogs on low, 245, 249, 250, 251 body-weight of men on low, 170-175, 181, 185, 190, 199 in relation to nitrogen excretion during hard work, 123, 124 vegetable foods in relation to, 291 Proteid metabolism, influence of carbohydrate on, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97 influence of fat on, 92, 93, 96, 97 influence of proteid on, 59, 87, 90 Folin's theory of, 144 Pfiiiger's theory of, 138 significance of, 131 Voit's theory of, 134 Proteid requirement, fuel value of food in experiments on, athletes, 188 fuel value of food in experiments on, professional men, 178, 180, 185 fuel value of food in experiments on, soldiers, 198 in dogs, experiments of Jfigerroos, 236 in dogs, experiments of Munk, 232 in dogs, experiments of Rosenheim, 234 in dogs, experiments of author, 243 in man, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174-202 nitrogen excretion in experiments on, athletes, 186, 187, 188 nitrogen excretion in experiments on, in dogs, 245, 249,250,251,252,255 nitrogen excretion in experiments on, professional men, 177, 180, 185 nitrogen excretion in experiments on, soldiers, 197, 200.201 relation to body-weight, 184, 188, 198, 227 sample diets in experiments on, 178, 182, 189, 195 Proteids, as tissue formers, 58 of wheat kernel, cleavage products of, 259 Proteoses, 26, 67, 69 absorption of, 41 cleavage by erepsin, 34 effects when injected into blood, 41 818 Dn>EX Proteoses, primary, 67, 60 secondaiy, 67, 60 Protoplasm, 51 Protoproteose, 67, 60 Ptyalki, 20 Purin iMses, 71, 72 relation to uric add, 78 Putrefaction, in intestine, 37 products ci, 38 Rats, effects of exclusive proteid diet on, 230 effects of rice on, 240 influence of meat diet on progeny of, 240 Renal activity, and diet, 207 and inoii^c salts, 208, 200, 300 Rennin, in gastric juice, 26 Resistance of body to poisons, rdation to low protaid diet, 226 Respiration calorimeter, 102 Respiratoiy foods, 58 Rei^uratoiy quotient, 107 influence of foods on, 107, 126 influence of metabolic change on, 108 of foodstuffs, 107 relation to work, 125 value of, in determination of substances oxidised, 125 Rest, carbon dioxide output during, 111 influence of, on oxygen consumption, 126 influence of, on respiratory quotient, 126 Rice, influence of, on growth in rats, 240 Rosenheim, Theodor, on proteid requirement in the dog, 234 S Safety of low proteid standards, 231 Saliva, adaptation of, 18, 10 function of, 20 psychical secretion of, 18 secretion of, 17, 18 Salivary digestion, in stomach, 23 products of, 21 Salts, see Inorganic salts Saponification of fats, 36 Sarcosin, 74 Schnyder, 115 Scientific research and typhoid fever, 267 Seasons of the year, relation to diet, 296 INDEX 819 Secretin, 32 Secretion, of gastric juice, 24 of pancreatic juice, 31, 32 of saliva, 17, 18 Siv^n, on proteid requirement, 89 Skatol, 37 Sleep, heat production during, 104, 105 Soaps, 36 Sodium carbonate, in pancreatic juice, 32 Soldiers, fuel value of food in experiments on proteid requirement of, 198 nitrogen equilibrium in experiments on protdd requirement of, 200,201 photographs of, 193 proteid requirement of, 192 sample diet in experiments on proteid requirement of, 195 strength tests in experiments on proteid requirement of, 203 Specificity of body fat, 44 Standard diets, 155 Standing at rest, oxygen consumption in, 116 Starch digestion, products of, 21, 37 Steapsin, 36 Stomach, absorption from the, 31 as a reservoir, 31 digestion in the, 25-31 fat digestion in the, 36 muscular movements of the, 27-30 salivary digestion in the, 23 time foods remain in the, 29, 30 Storing of proteid, 92, 98, 99, 100 Strength tests, on low proteid diet, athletes, 206 on low proteid diet, soldiers, 208 Sugar, in blood, 45 in blood, relation to glycogen, 46 Sugars, behavior when introduced into blood, 39 selective action in absorption of, 47 Sulphur, excretion of, relation to work, 123 Synthesis, of fat, 43 of proteid, 48, 49, 68 Temperance in diet, 166, 168, 270 Tissue formers, 58 Tissue metabohsm, tee Endogenous metabolism Trypsin, 32 condition in pancreatic juice, 33 Tryptophan, 67 Typhoid fever and scientific research, 267 Tyrosin, 34, 67, 70, 259 829 INDEX U Underfeeding, dangers of, 214 Urea, 74 excretion of, influence of diet on, 144 rdation of, to creatin and creatinin, 74 Uric acid, 73 excretion of, as influenced by diet, 144 relation of, to xanthin bases, 73 Urine, relation of diet to nitrogen distribution in the, 144 Utilisation, of dextrose, 40 of disaccharides, 40 of fat in dogs on low proteid diet, 261 ci nitrogen in dogs on low protdd diet, 262 V Variety in diet, 229, 242 Vegetable diet, influence upon dogs, 254, 256 Vegetable foods, relation to low proteid dietary, 291 Vegetables, cellulose in, influence on digestion, 263 Voit, Carl, on minimum proteid requirement, 171 theory of proteid metabolism, 59, 134 W Walking, oxygen consumption in, 116 Water in foodstuffs, 7 Watson and Hunter, influence of diet on growth in rats, 239 Wheat kernel proteids, cleavage products of, 259 Weight, see Body-weight Wislicenus, see Fick and Wislicenus Work, carbon dioxide excretion in relation to, 123 carbon dioxide excretion during, 111, 112 due to proteid decomposition, 58 effect of, on energy exchange, 109, 110, 113, 115 experiments on man, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 heat production in, 110 influence of, on oxygen consumption, 126 influence of, on respiratory quotient, 126 nitrogen excretion during excessive, 127 nitrogen excretion during fasting in, 125 proteid decomposition in, 58 relation of diet to, 126 to energy exchange, 119 fats and carbohydrates to, 58 nitrogen excretion on proteid diet to hard, 123, 124 nitrogen excretion to proteid diet to hard, 122, 123, 124 INDEX 321 Work, relation of ox3rgen consumption to, 123 phosphorus excretion to, 123 sulphur excretion to, 123 respiratory quotient in relation to, 125 source of energy during fasting in, 125 views of Argutinsky on muscle, 123 views of Pflugcr on muscle, 123 views of Voit on muscle, 59, 134 Xanthin, 72 Xanthin oxidase, 73 The UnlTmity ^nm, Gaabridgs, U. M \y'U: r- f^.; CvC r 2. I '/r> • 2 . I 1 t. s / 1;. /■•• ,-.*»• LANE MEDICAL LIBRARY IP' To avoid fine, this book should be returned on or before the date last stamped below. I ^ teie Chittenden, B.H. !53 The nutrition of man. .907 GEE36 NAME DATE DUE • Jt ^1 r ,^H ^^^1 .^^^H 1 ^_ '■■^- saaa ".-" .*; J. 