None
effect of, on immovables (1000) 927 legal, in general (1005) 934 necessary, defined (1005) 934 legal or tadt, defined (1005) 934 landloid's lien (1006— 1010) 935—942 of State or Treasury (1011) 942 of municipalities (1012) 944 of churches and public bodies (1013) 945 of minors (1014) 946 of persons under curatorship (1014) 946 for dowry (1015) 947 of legatees (1016) 949 of fideioommissary heirs (1016) 949 of children of first marriage (1017) 951 for funeral expenses (1018) 952 for wages (1019) 953 with respect to houses (1020) 953 with respect to ships (1021) 955 of legal practitioners (1022) 956 on mining claims (1023) 958 of factor (1024) 958 of agent (1024) 958 preference of special (1029) 963 See Hypothecation; Jus Retentionis; Libk; Mort- oaoe; Pledge; Tacit Hypothec. L IGNORANCJE OF LAW. when pleadable (773) ......... 558 See Mistake. IQNORANTIA FACTL species of (774) 560 IMMOVABLE PROPERTY. payment of (798) 589 compromise as to, by guardian (820) 631 risks on sale of (881) 751 actio enUi and (887) 758 IMPOSSIBILITY. Dutch Law as to (837) 662 Roman Law as to (837) 662 C.L. — VOL. II. ( 39 ) 4 H INDEX TO VOL. II. IMPOSSIBILITY— con«nM«£. PAOl negatiTe conditions (837) 668 principle of Taylor vs. Caldwell (837) 663 Pothier's views (837) 663 maxims as to (837) 664 vU major (837) 664 unconditional contract (837) 665 exception as to leases (837) 665 after debtor's default (837) 665 destruction of subject-matter of contract (837) . . . . 666 want of beneficial occupation (837) 666 See Beneficial Occupation ; Vis Major. INDEBiri 80LUT10. a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1005 remedy for (1065) 1006 See CoNDicno Indebiti. INHERITANCE. rights to future, sale of (763) 548 payment of, to minor (801) 592 care of vacant (832) 656 sale of (866— 869) 729—734 defined (866) 729 conditions of sale of (866) 730 rights of purchaser of (866) 730 rights of seller of (866) 730 JM accrescendi (867) 732 warranty on sale of (868) 732 security on sale of (868) 782 sale of non-existent (868) 7S3 personal rights sold with (869) 733 actions sold with (869) 733 expenditure on sold (869) 733 co-heir's rights on sale of (869) 734 See  implied contract of (1059) 998 general liability of (1059) 998 special agreement of (1059) 998 not liable for passing guest (1059) 998 degree of diligence of (1059, 1060) 998, 1000 delivery of goods to (1059) 999 actions against (1060) 999 actio de recepto against (1060) 999 ac<u><2ep(Mt<t against (1060) 999 goods in custody of (1060) 999 ( 40 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. INNKBEPEE— oon^tnued PAOX who may claim against (1061) 1001 damages claimable against (1061) 1001 See BAiLioon*. INNOMINATE CONTEACT. definition (736) 509 classes of (736) 509 loctu poenitetUiae in (736) 510 INSOLVENT. sale to, in Cape Colony (852) 707 partner (937) 842 partnership (937) 842 agent becoming (977) 892 IN8TIT0R authority of (946) 851 action against (966) 874 liability of (966) 874 as limited company (966) 874 See Actio Instxtoria; Aobxtot; Agent. INSUBANOR a gambling contract (768) o54 policy in agent's name (971) 885 See AoBNCY ; Aoent. INSUIIANCE AGENT. by what law governed (947) 854 See Aobkot; Aobnt. INTENTION. in cession of rights (877) 744 See Fbaud. INTEEEST. widest definition of (805) 599 how payment of, fulfils contract (805) 509 modes of obligation for (805) 600 differs from damages (805) 600 difPers from penalty (805) 600 mode of computing (805) 600 compensatory, defined (806) 600 penal, defined (806) 600 lucrative, defined (806) 601 lucrative, what it includes (806) 601 legal rate of (807) 602 usurious rate of (807) 602 rate of , how fixed (807) 603 may not exceed principal (808) 606 conflict of laws as to (809) 608 ( 41 ) 4 II 2 INDEX TO VOL. n, INTEBEST— con<tnti€(2. paob lex loci ocmiractuB aa to (809) 008 f onn of agreement for (809) . 609 due for default (811) 611 following judgment (811) 611 decreed by a Court (811) 611 term of payment of (812) 611 Tuora defined (812) 612 effect of tender of (813) 615 yarying payment of (813) 615 termination of obligation for (813) 615 on Transvaal mortgages (818) 617 set-off affecting (825) 636 partner^s liability for (924) 830 surety's liability for (983) 900 preference for (1032) 966 See MoBA ; Payment. INTEEPfiETATION. of contract (843— 844) 685—688 of compromise (823) 633 of sale (858) 717 of suspensive condition (862) 725 of agent's authority (954) 859 varying, of authority (955) 860 trade usages as to, of agency (955) 861 informal instruments of au^ority and (955) . .861 of extent of verbal agency (956) 862 of written contract of agent (960) ...... 866 of suretyship (983) 896—901 absence of principal debtor and (986) 905 INTERPRETATION OP CONTRACT. stipulation in Roman Law (843) 685 performance of duty (843) 685 feigned transaction (843) 686 when doubtful (844) 686 meaning of words (844) 687 specific designation (844) 687 goods sold by weight (844) 687 contract of service (844) 687 of sale generally (858) 717 See Iittbrpbetation; Prbsttmption ; PBBSUMPnoirs, J. JOINT CONTRACT. definition (737) 510 joint creditors (737) 510 co-principal debtors (737) 511 ( 42 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. JOINT CONTRACT— «m<tnti«d: page requisites of liability on (738) 512 effect of constitation (739) 518 election of creditor on (789) 518 choice of debtor on (739) 513 division of daim (789) 513 Boman and Boman-Dutch Law (739) 514 when all debtors need not be sned (739) 514 effect of acceptilation on (740) 515 effect of novation on (740) 515 merger and (740, 831) 516,651 effect of prescription on (740) 516 effect of mcra on (740) 516 effect of set-off on (828) 644 Set Co-Pbdcoipal Dibtob. JUDGMENT. set-off following (825) 637 necessary for mortgage (1088) 970 practice as to, on bond (1088) 970 JUS ACCRESCENDL what it is (867) 782 sale of inheritance and (867) 782 profits under (867) 782 and donatio mortU catud (1094) 1033 JUS PIGNOBIS. defined (996) 921 See Htpothboatiok. JUS POSTLIMINIL See Wab. JUS BETENTIONIS. distinguished from set-off (830) 648 when it applies (830) 648 who have (830) 648 when transmissible (830) 649 duration of (830) W9 of lessee (916) Sl» on ships (1021) »55 of legal practitioner (1022) 956 of factor (1024) »58 preference for (1029) 963 and actio depoeiti contraria (1053) 991 See JjTEs; Tacit Hypothbc. JUS RETRACTUS. conventional (864) 728 legal (865) 728 ( « ) INDEX TO VOL. H. JUa BETEACTUS—conUimed. PAOl cUsses of legal (865) 729 naasting defined (865) 729 Lex Anastasiana and (865) 729 JU88US. See Actio Quod Jussix. K KU8TINGEN. what are (999) 924 no registration of, in Dutch Law (999) 924 registration of, in South Africa (999) 924 preferent to tadt hypothec (1029) 96i See MORTQAOS. L. LAESIO EN0BMI8. and price (854) 714 in Oape Colony (854) 714 entitles to rescission (897) 776 choice of remedies (897) 776 when it takes place (897) 777 standard of price and (897) 777 when pleadable (897) 778 LANDLOED. valid payment to (796) 587 right of ejectment (909) 802 haa actio locati (911) 806 tacit hypothec of (1000— 1010) 935—942 See Landlord's Lien ; Lease ; Lessee ; Lessor ; LErrn^o Ain> HiRINO. LANDLOED'S LIEN. over what it extends (1006) 985 property included in (1006) 936 no special agreement for (1006) 936 minors subject to (1006) 936 goods under, how owned (1007) 936 condition attaching to goods under (1007) 936 goods of third party under (1007) 936 over wife's property (1007) 937 over goods with auctioneer (1007) 938 Cape Act 5, 1861, as to (1007) 938 hire-purchase system and (1008) 938 notice of purchase and (1008) 939 how made effective (1009) 940 removal of goods under (1009) 940 ( " ) INDEX TO VOL. II. LANDLOBD'S lIEN-<otUinfted. p^ob attachment of goods under (1009) 940 and other preferences (1009) 940 cases on attachment and (1009) 941 oyer goods of sub-tenant (1010) 941 See Taoit Hypothbo. LAW, MISTAKE OP. restitution for (773) 557 See Mistake. LAY DAYa See Mastbb of Ybssbl. LEASE. in longum tempue, registration of (742) 519 in longum iempue, transfer duty on (742) 519 impossibility and (837) 665 in longum tempus, an immovable (899) 781 under ten years (899) 781 parol (899) 781 in Transyaal, registration necessary for (899) 782 right of sub-letting (901) 783 right of cession (901) 783 sold by public auction (902) 791 tacit relocation (902) 791 payment of rent (903) 793 operie /aciendi (907) 796 liabili^ of lessor (908) 800 rules of ejectment (909) 802 term of, exceeding usufruct (909) 803 and juapoetliminii (909) 803 of re$ aliena (909) 804 actio locaU on (9U) 806 notice to quit (912) 808 misuse of property (912) 810 la^rful vacating of property (913) 814 sale of leased property (913) 814 user of leased property (913) 814 expulsion of lessee by force (913) 814 effect of earthquake (913) 814 ruinous buildings (913) 814 ghosts haunting house (913) 814 grounds for remission of rent (913) 815 restoration of property (916) 819 wrongful holding-oyer (916) 819 ri§^t of retention (916) 819 mode of cultiyation (916) 820 See Lessbb; Lbssob; Lbttino AiiD Hibino. ( 46 ) INDEX TO VOL. H. LEGAL HYPOTHEC. baoi defined (1005) 934 tacit (1005) 934 pigntu praetorium (1005) 935 pignui legale (1005) 935 preference of (1029) 904 See Tacit Hypothbo. LEGAL PRACTITIONEE. right of retention of (1022) . 956 preference of (1022) 956 lien of, on what (1023) 956 when, has no lien (1023) 957 See Lien; Tacit Hypothbc. LEGATEE. tadt hypothec of (1016) 949 to what hypothec of, extends (1016) 949 when entitled to hypothec (1016) 949 personal action of (1016) 949 claiming rea cUiefia (1016) 949 rei vindicatio of (1016) 949 and donee mortis catted (1094) 1033 See FiDEICOMMISSXJM. LEONINE PAETNEBSHIP. what is (922) 825 is forhidden (922) 825 See Partioirship. LESSEE. his action (908) 800 claim against lessor (908) 800 right of removal of moyables (908) 802 choice of (909) 802 right to eject (909) 802 claim on ejectment (909) 809 lawfol ejectment of (909) 802—803 rights of, against mortgagee (909) 805 acUo locati SLgB^et (911) 806 misuse of property by (912) 810 when, entitled to yacate (913) 814 exemption of, from rent (913) 815 use by, of leased property (913) . > 815 exptdsion of, by enemies (913) 815 double payment of rent by (914) 818 not liable for ctdpa leviuima (915) 818 not liable for inevitable accident (915) 818 right of, to cut down trees (915) 818 restoration of property by (916) 819 wrongful hdiding-over by (916) 819 ( 46 ) INDEX TO VOL. 11. LESSEE— ccm^inueci. PAGE right of retention of (916) 819 mode of cnltiyation by (916) 820 catting down trees (916) 820 SeeljEASE; Lessob; Lbttino aitd HnuNO ; Master aitd Servant; Bent. LESSOR must giye enjoyment (908) 800 duty of , to repair (908) 800 right of ejectment (909) 802 ha8ac<K>;ocah'(911) 806 claim of, for indemnity (912) 810 claim for profits by (912) 810—811 claim of , on misuse of property (912) 812 restoration of property to (91^ 819 See Lease; Lessee; Lettino and Hirino ; Master and Servant; Bent. LETTING AND HIMNG. the contract (898) 779 defined (898) 779 how completed (898) 779 consent of parties in (898) 779 Placaat of May 9th, 1744, on (898) 780 is writing necessary for (898) 780 yerbal, followed by possession (898) 780 Placaat of April 3rd, 1677, on (898) 780 rural and urban tenements (898) 781 leases in longum tempue (899) 781 leases under ten years (899) 781 parol lease (899) 781 rule of Collins vs. ^ti^ro as to (899) 781 things subject to (900) . . 782 usufructiuury property (900) 782 right of sub-letting (901) 783 rightof cession (901) 783 sub-lettingof rural tenement (901) 788 view of De Villiers, O.J., on sub-letting (901) .... 784 view of Kotz6, 0. J., on sub-letting (901) 784 authorities on sub-letting (901) 785 Placaats on sub-letting (901) 785—790 decision in Herbert vs. Anderson (901) 785 Kotz6, C.J., on Placaats (901) 786 Zotz6, O.J., on naAwur (901) 786—790 law as to beUrsdMppe (901) 788—789 South African views on (901) 790 by public auction (902) 791 of State property (902) 791 tacit relocation (902) 791 ( « ) INDEX TO VOL. II. LETTING AND HIEING— conimwc/. paok payment of rent (903) 79S salary and wages (9()4) . . . 793 master of vessel (905) 793 crews* wages (906) 795 locatio operis fadtndi {Wl) 795 — 796 liability of the lessor (908) 800 actio cotidudi (908) 800 rules of ejectment (909) 802 owner requiring property (909) 803 necessary repair and ejectment (909) 803 non-payment of two years' rent (909) 803 term exceeding usufmct (909) 803 andjuspoBtlimmii (909) 803 of res aliena (909) 804 huur gaat vddr hoop (909, 913) 804, 817 sale of leased property (909) 804 mode of ejectment (910) 805 acihlocaU{9\\) 806 lessor's daim for damages (912) 808—809 claim for misuse of property (912) 810 misconduct of servant (912) 811 lawful vacating of property (913) 814 use of leased property (913) 814 lessee expelled by force (913) 814 ruinous state of house (913) 814 effect of earthquake (913) 814 reasons for remitting rent (913) 815 restoration of property (916) 819 wrongful holding-over (916) 819 lessee's right of retention (916) 819 mode of cultivation (916) 820 cutting down trees (915, 916) 818, 820 See Lease; Lessee; Lessok ; Locatio Operis FACiEin>i; Master and Servant ; Bemission of Eent ; Bent. LEX ANASTASIANA, See Jus Eetractus. LEX COMMISSORIA. when applicable (861) 722 in sale (861) 722 defined (861) 722 classes of sales with (861) 723 resolutive conditions (861) 723 suspensive conditions (861) 723 interpretation of (861) 728 risks and benefits on (861) 723 cases under (861) 724 construction of Courts as to (861) 724 ( 48 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. LEX OOMMISSOBIA— continued. PAOB right of reclamatdon (862) 725 when it terminates (862) 724 agreement for resale (868) 726 right of redemption and (868) 727 difference between, and/ua retrachis (864) 728 risks and benefits (880) 750 and suretyship (992) 914 in hypothecation (1002) 930 See Sale. LEX RHODIA DE JACTU. See Ayebaoe. LIEN. of factor (946) 852 of landlord (1006— 1010) 935—942 of State or Treasury (1011) 942 of municipalities (1012) 944 of buflder (1020) 954 on ships (1021) 955 of depositary (1022) 956 of innkeeper (1022) 956 of lawyer (1023) 956 no, of accountant (1023) 957 no, of bookkeeper (1023) 957 no, of agistor (1024) 958 of depositary (1052) 991 on commodaium (1056) 995 See Jus Bbtentionis; Tacit Hypothec. LITIS CONTESTATIO. a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1004 LOAN. See MunniM. LOAN FOE USE. See OOMMODATUM. LOCATIO CONDUCTIO. See Lettino AND Hnmro. LOCATIO 0PERI8 FACIENDL what it is (907) ^95 parties to (907) 796 redenUar and (907) 796 rent in (907) 796 collection of reyenue as (907) 796 work per avereionem and (907) 796 substitution of parties to (907) 796 work of specialist as (907) 796 ( « ) INDEX TO VOL. II. LOCATJO 0PEBI8 FACIENDI—ecmUmi^ PAGE I068 of subjeot-matter of (907) 797 liabiUty of partdea to (907) 798 contribution for loss in (907) 798 a divisible obligation (907) 799 time of completion of work (907) 799 place of performance (907) 799 8e€ LsASB ; LsTTDro and Hibino. L0CU8 POENITENTIAE, in innominate contract (736) 610 in gaming contract (768) . . 553 in case of sale (853) 708 on giving of arrha (856) 716 and condidio causa datd oausd turn Btcutd (1068) .... 1010 LUNATIO. capacity to contract (749) 529 restitutio in integrum to (848) 692 See Vol. I. M. MAGISTRATE. Cape, jurisdiction as to set-off (827) 642 Transvaal, jurisdiction as to set-off (827) 642 Natal, jurisdiction as to set-off (827) 642 MAINTENANCE. an unlawful agreement (764) 549 Pollock's definition (764) 549 Coke's definition (764) 549 MAJOR as surety with minor (988) 909 MALA IN 8E. as affecting contract (761) 545 MALA QUIA PBOHIBITA. as affecting contract (761) 545 MANDATE. to receive payment (795) 586 defined (941) 847 in Boman Law (941) 848 differs from negotiorum geetio (941) 848 differs from mere advice (941) 848 when inferred (942) 848 Pothier on (942) 849 for whose benefit given (943) 849 action on fraudulent (943) 849 credit of third party and (943) 849 action for indemnity on (943) 850 ( 60 .) INDEX TO VOL. II. MANDATE— continued. ^^o* capacity to give (944) 850 delegation of, by curaior ad Uiem (944) 850 by partner, after disrolution (944) 850 lawful subjects of (945) 850 unlawful (945) . ... - 850 performance of, by agent (968) 869 direct action of (965) 872 liability for negligence in (966) 874 contrary action of (968) 877 revocation of (975) 889 revocation of general (975) 891 See AoENOY ; Agbkt ; Authoeity ; Prinoipal ; Actio MAin)ATi DiBBorrA; Aono MAin)ATi Contearia. HABINE AQENOY. the master as agent (949) 855 actio exercitoria (949) 855 bottomry bonds (950) 856 See Master of Yxbsxl. MABBIAGE. restraint of (766) 552 under threats (789) 578 children of first (1017) 951 MASTEE AND SERVANT. wages and salary (904) 793 yearly service (902) 792 notice to quit (912) 808 damages for dismissal (912) 809 misconduct of servant (912) 811 completion of service (912) 811 servant's refusal to work (912) 811 reduction of wages (912) 811 lawful excuse for absence (912) 812 female servant marrying (912) 812 absence through illness (912) 812 employer preventing service (912) 813 special services (912) 813 State interference with work (912) 813 torts of servant (973) 887 See Aoenoy; Letting and Hirino; Wages. MASTER OF VESSEL. contract of service (905) 793 Cape Law (905) 793 Natal Law (905) 794 right of , to freight (905) 794 liabiHty of , to freighter (905) 794 ( 51 ) INDEX TO VOL. U. MASTEE OF VESSEL— <xmhnutt2. paos general liabiHty (905) lU sale of cargo by (905) 7W I088 without negligence (905) 794 unloading of vessel (905) 791 right of retention (905) 795 right to discharge crew (906) 795 as agent (949) 855 powers of (949) 855 differs from other agents (949) 855 may effect bottomry (950) 856 duty in case of wreck (951) 857 power to sell cargo (951) 857 incidental authority of (958) 863 degree of diligence of (962) S69 responsibility of, for loss (962) 869 negligence of (970) 884 personal liability of (1078) 1015 See Aoekcy; Aobnt; Cbbw. MATTEB OP CONTRACT, general rules (746) 524 UfATTTlirfl conditio praepositionis servanda est {954i) J>o9 consilii nmi fraudiderUi ntdla oUigatic est {9^1) . . . . iS48 culpa lata dolo aequiparatur (842) 680 dies interpellat pro homine (812, 862) .... 612, 726 dolus cum dolo compensandus est (781) 568 ex nudopado non oritur actio (754, 756) .... 536, 538 expressio unttM est exdusio alterius (844) 687 eocpressum facit cessare taciium (fi^b) 861 . huur goat vddr hoop (909, 913) 804, 817 impotentia excusat legem (837) 664 in pari delicto potior est conditio possidentis aut de/endentis (963, 967, 1070) 870, 875, 1011 lex non cogit ad impossihilia (837) 664 mobilia non hahent sequekLm (999) 926 neminem aequum at cum alterius damiw locupletari (795) . . . 584 nemo cum alterius detrimento loctipletari potest (S91) • . .778 nemo potest praease cogi ad factum (S4tO) 676 non videntur qui errant consentire (776) 562 omnis raiihahitio retroirahittir et mandato priori aequiparatur (750, 967) 530,875 paria ddicta mutud pensaUone tolluntur (781) .... 568 periculum rei venditae sed non traditae est emtoris (878). plus valet quod agitur guam quod simulate ooncipitur (843). pretium in numeratd pecunid consistere debet (854). quicquid solvitur, solvit ur ad modum solventis (802) ( 52 ) 745 686 714 595 INDEX TO VOL. 11. WiXlMB^cfmiinued. pagb qui /acii per cHium facit per se (939, 973) .... 846, 887 qui prior est tempore potior est Jure (1032, 1033, 1034, 1035) . . 965, 966, 967, 968 quieque juri pro $e introdu^io renunciare potest (1S2) . . . 569 quum par delictum est duorum semper oneratur petitor et melior habetur possessoris causa (767) 552 res inter alias acta aUeri necprodest nee nocet (823) . . . 635 respondeat superior (970) 883 res tanti vdleat, quanti vendi potest (H5-i) 714 semper qui non prohibet pro se intervenire, mamlare creditur (942, 957) 849,863 spoliatus ante omnia restituendus est (826) 639 ubi jus ibi remedium {913) 817 verba fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem {955) , , . . 861 See Vol. I. MEfiGEB. of joint obligations (740) 516 when it takes place (831) . ' 649 suretyship and (831) 649 joint obligations and (831) 650 accessory obligations and (831) 650 joint creditors and (831) 651 Treasury as creditor (831) 652 terminates suretyship (994) 917 MEBX. a requisite of sale (850) 697 deBned (851) 698 against public policy (851) 698 annuities (851) 698 produce (851) 698 a spes (851) 699 ownerdiip of (851) 699 res aliena {S6l) 699 fideicommissum (851) 700 stolen property (851) 701 res litigiosa (851) 703 census {S5l) 703 See Sale. MINOB. capacity to contract (749) 528 emancipation (749) 529 novation by (817) 626 compromise for, by father (821) 631 restitutio in integrum to (848) 692 as surety with major (988) 909 surety for unauthorised (993) 915 mortgage of property of (1003) 931 ( 63 > INDEX TO VOL, n. MINOB — continued. PAOB tacit hypothec of (1014) 946 absence from Colony (1014) 947 bom of first marriage (1017) 951 money lent to (1047) 983 donation to (1085) . . 1022 MISBEPEESENTATION. innocent, by agent (968) 879 See Fbatjd. lOSTAEE. species of (771) 556 what it includes (771) 556 defined (771) 556 views of Butch commentators (772) 556 Ust of authorities (772) 557 condtdio indehiti for (772, 774) 557, 560 ignorance of law (773) 557 of fact, species of (774) 560 burden of proof (774) 560 want of agreement (775) 560 basis of doctrine (776) 562 Pothier's views (776) 562—^63 payment of travelling allowance (776) 563 in purchase and sale (853) 711 MOBA. of joint debtor (740) 516 interest due for (811) 611 judicial, when it begins (811) 611 extra-judicial, liability for (811) 611 defined (812) 612 ex pereona (812) 612 ca;re(812) 612 maxim relating to (812) 612 who are in legal (812) 612 exceptions (812) 613 effect of novation on (817) 627 in commodatum (1055) 994 See Interest. MOETGAGR registration necessary (742) 519 interest on Transvaal (813) 617 compromise as to (819) 630 defined (996) 921 distingidshed from pledge (996) 921 divisions of (997) 922 general, defined (997) 922 special, defined (997) 92*2 ( 54 ) INDEX TO VOL. 11. MORTGAGE— co»<tnucd. paob what, indudes (997) 922 right to yrwdii^ under (997) 923 burning of house subject to (997) 923 general, what it includes (998) 923 execution of, Boman Law (999) 923 execution of, Bomau-Dutch Law (999) 923 oases on registration of (999) 927 effect of special, on immovables (1000) 927 against eviction (1002) 929 lex commissoria in (1002) 930 leave of Court for (1003) 931 of minor's property (1003) 931 by woman (1003) 931 fraudulent (1003) 932 preference of (1029) 963 hours of registration of (1033) 966 procedure on (1036—1041) 968—973 cession of (1036) 908 right to sell subject of (1037) 969 judgment necessary on (1038) 969 property of, declared executable (1038) 970 practice as to judgment on (1038) 970 publicationof sale of (1039) 972 sale of, set aside (1040) 972 rules as to execution on (1040) 972 property of, sold by auction (1041) 972 rights of mortgagor or pledgor (1042) 973 termination of (1043) 975 cancellation of (1044) 977 See Hypothecation ; Hypothbcs ; Oekeral Moutoaqb ; Special Mobtoaqb. MORTGAGEE. right of, to rent (997) 923 right of, to accessions (997) 923 claim of (1000) 927 rights of, in general (1025) 958 action in rem of (1025) 958 splitting of claim by (1025) 959 Bingidus in $olidum (1025) 959 in what action liable (1042) 973 liable for negligence (1042) 973 liability of, for accident (1042) 974 See Mobtoaoe ; Mortoaoor. MOETGAQOE. rights of (1042) 973 hM actio pignoraiitia (l(H2) 973 See Mobtoaoe; Mobtgaobe. C.L.— VOL. II. ( 55 ) 4 I INDEX TO VOL. II. MUNICIPALITY. page hypothec of (1012) 944 rates and taxes dae to (1012) 944 administrators of (1012) 945 See Tacit Hypotiieo. MUTUUM. defined (1046) 981 with what concerned (1046) 981 a real contract (1046) 981 requisites for (1046) 981 conetitutum possessorium and (1046) 982 traditiofida and (1046) 982 who may enter into (1047) 983 who may accept (1047) 983 minor bound by (1047) 983 risk relating to (1048) 983 action on (1048) 983 of money of third party (1048) 983 negotiable instrument and (1048) 983 invalid obligation attached to (1048) 983 heirs to debtor on (1048) 983 claim in action on (1048) 983 borrower's liability on (1048) 984 time for repayment in (1048) 984 mode of repayment in (1048) 984 locus coniracttis in (1048) 984 proof of (1048) 984 excqitio non numeratae pecuniae {IQ4S) 985 prescription of exceptio (1049) 985 renunciation of exceptio (1050) 986 differs from deposit (1051) 987 differs from commodatum (1054) 992 See Bailment ; Condiotio bx Mxjtuo. N. NAASTING. See Jus Eetractus. NAHUUB. See Letting and Hiring. NATAL. Ord. 2, 1846 : registration (999) 926 Law 4, 1870 : patents (872) 739 Law 19, 1872 : registration (999) 926 Law 16» 1875 : registration (999) 926 Law 23, 1875 : wages of crew (906) 795 Law 23, 1875 : master and crew (905) 794 Law 11, 1884 : carriers' liability (1063) 1003 { 66 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. NATAL — continued. pagb Law 19, 1884: registration (999)  17, 1897: copyright (872) 739 Act 38, 1899: vacant inheritance (832) . .... 656  620 Bills of Exchange Law : damages on dishonour (842) . . 683 legal rate of interest (807) 604 magistrate's jurisdiction as to set-off (827) 642 XATUEAL OBLIGATIONS. definition (733) 504 when enforceable (733) 505 when not enforceable (733) 505 suretyship for (983) 899 benefit of excussion on (986) 905 when no recoyery on (10G5) 1006 NEGLIGENCE. gross, and fraud (842) 680 and actio mandati direcUt (965) 873 of agent (970) 883 in actio pignoratitia (1042) 973 and mortgaged property (1042) .... . . 974 NEQOTIORUM QE8TI0. differs from mandate (941) 848 of surety (991) 914 a quasi-contractual obligation (1064) 1005 when it arises (1080) 1017 how classified (1080) 1017 requisites for (1080) 1017 in judicial transaction (1080) 1017 direct action on (1081) 1018 direct action, in whose favour (1081) 1018 direct action, against whom (1081) 1018 direct action, what it claims (1081) 1018 degree of diligence in (1081) 1018 contrary action on (1082) 1018 contrary action on, in whose favour (1082) 1018 contrary action on, daim in (1082) 1019 See Agency. NOMINATE CONTEACTT. defined (736) 509 origin (736) 509 NON COMPOS MENTIS, definition (853) 709 lof persons who ai-e (853) 709 ( 57 ) 4 I 2 INDEX TO VOL. II. NON NUMERATAE PECUNIAE. pao« 89t EZOEFTIO NOK NUMXaATAX Pboukiae. KOTABIAL LEASE. in Transvaal (742) 520 NOnCE. of excussion (987) 906 See Ejectment. NOVATION. effect on joint liabilities of (740) 515 of nudum pactum (758) 542 as discharge of contract (816) 622 necessary, defined (816) 622 voluntary, defined (816) 622 voluntary, classes of (816) 622 tii <;xrc?€ (816) 622 tacit (816) 628 by compromise (816) 624 conditional (816) 626 who capable of (817) 626 by minor (817) 626 by curator (817) 626 by guardian (817) 626 by agent (817) 626 debts capable of (817) 627 effect of (817) 627 terminates suretyship (994) 918 See Delegation. NUDUM PACTUM. how classed (733) 505 formless contracts (734) 607 definition (755) 537 action on (756) 537 contracts ftonae^CT* (756) 538 contracts striHi juris (756) 538 Eoman Law (765, 756) 537, 538 Eoman-Dutch Law (756) 538 defence based on (758) 538 compromise as to (822) 633 Sw Cause; Consideration. 0. OBLIGATIONS. definition of Pandects (732) 503 must be necessitas for (732) 503 natural and civil (732) 504 when formless (734) 506 ( 58 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. OBLIGATIONS— co«<»Mit«d pagb when formal (734) 506 divisible, and penalty (839) 672 quasi-contractual (1064) 1006 See Contract. OPFBE. acceptance of (748) 526 withdrawal of (748) 527 See AOCEPTANOB. ORAL CONTBACT. embodied in written contract (744) 521 See Vbebal Contract. ORANGE RIVER COLONY. Stat Book, c. 57 : registration (899) 781 Stat Book, c. 67 : disclosure of principals (852) . . 706 Stat Book, c. 112 : patents (872) 739 Stat Book, c. 113 : trade marks (872) 739 Law 13, 1893 : trade marks (872) 739 hypothec on mining claims (1023) 958 OWNERSHIP. transferred by payment (799) 590 See Vol. L P. FACT. definition (734) 507 distinguished from contract (734) 507 interpretation of (843) 685 See Nudum Pactum. FACTUM ANTICHRESEOS. and tender (832) 655 defined (1002) ! 930 rights under (1002) 930 FACTUM DE NON FETENDO. as ground of defence (758) 542 in Roman Law (758) 542 rights to inheritance (763) 549 See Nudum Pactum. FARATE EXECUTION. on sale of right of action (871) 737 legal process necessary (871) 737 agreement for (871) 737 rights of parties to (871) 737 and tacit relocation (902) 792 ( 59 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PARTICULAR CONTRACTS. page purchase and sale (850— 897) 697—778 letting and hiring (898—916) 77^—820 partnership (917— 938) 821—843 agency (039— 979) 844—893 bottomry (950) 856 suretyship (890— 994) 894—920 hypothecation (995— 1044) 921—978 bailment (1045— 1063) 979—1004 mutuum (1046—1050) 981—987 deposit (1051— 1053) 987—991 commorfo^Mw (1054— 1056) ....*.. 992—995 pawn (1057) 995—996 of innkeeper (1058— 1061) 997—1002 of stablekeeper (1062) 1002 of carrier (1063) 1002—1004 PARTNER. compromise by (823) 635 who may be a (918) 821 actions by and against (923) 826 degree of diligence of (923) 827 claim for account by (923) 827 contract by managing (923) 829 authority of, to bind firm (923) 830 authority of, by custom (923) 830 daim for excess paid to (924) 830 liability of, for interest (924) 830 daim by, to use property (924) 830 beneficium competeniiae of (925) 831 benefit of division (926) 831 insolvency of (926) 832 en commandite (921) 832 liability of, en commandite (927) 832 anonymous (928) 832 liability of, to third party (930) 835 petition for sequestration by (930) 835 action by managing (930) 835 how bound to third party (932) 836 liability of, in $olidum (932) 837 private contract of managing (932) 837 transfer of liability by (933) 838 death of (934) 838 renouncing partnership (935) 839 liable after dissolution (986) 841 notice of retirement by (936) 841 completion of business by (937) 842 insolvency of (937) 842 rights of, on dissolution (938) 842 ( 60 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. TAUTKER-^coiitinued. pagb disappearance of (938) 843 distribution of property to (938) 843 power given by, after dissolution (944) 850 as an agent (948) 854 See Actio pro Socio ; Partnershit. PAETNEESHIP. change of persona of (750) 530 the contract (917) 821 defined (917) B21 what is not a (917) 821 who may enter into (918) 821 conditions of (918) 821 object of (918) 821 express or implied (918) 822 essentials of (918) 822 intention necessary for (918) 822 proof of (918) 822 what express, includes (918) 822 pubUc and private (919) 823 universal, defined (919) 823 unconditional (920) 824 particular (920) 824 purchase with funds of (920) 824 transfer of property to (921) 826 what is a lawful (922) 825 in crime (922) 825 leonine (922) 825 profit and loss agreements in (922) 825 contributions to (922) 825 limited liability in (922) 826 liabilities of partners inter $e (923) 826 actio pro socio (923) 826 actio coinmuni dividundo (923) 827 degree of partner's diligence (923) 827 claim for account (923) 827 claim for profits (923) 828 claim to share loss (923) 828 negligence in (923) 828 contract by managing partner (923) 829 societatis nomine ac intuitu cvntrahens (923) 829 bill drawn in name of (923) 830 authority by custom (923) 830 heneficium competentiae (925) 831 benefit of division (926) 831 en commandite (927) 832 validity of, en commandite (027) 832 anonymous (928) 832 ( 61 ) INDEX TO VOL. 11. PAETNEESHIP— con^mucri. pagb when en oommandite (928) 833 when ^onymous (928) 833 change in constitution (929) 834 liability of partners to third parties (930) 835 mode of suing (930) 835 acknowledgment of debt by (930) 835 mode of suing on (930) 835 Cape Law as to action of (930) 835 actions against (931) 835 domicile of (931) 835 in various places (931) 835 service on (931) 835 jurisdiction against (931) 836 debt contracted by (932) 836 how bound (932) 836 terms of, and liability (932) 837 change in membership (933) 837 termination of (934) 838 death terminates (934) 838 continued after death (934) 838 dissolved by renunciation (935) 839 mode of renouncing (935) 839 for fixed period (935) 840 who may renoimce (936) 840 requirements of renunciation (936) 841 notice of renunciation (936) 841 liability after dissolution (936) 841 business of, completion of (937) 842 insolvency of (937) 842 revival of insolvent (937) 842 division upon dissolution (938) 842 appointment of receiver (938) 842 duties of receiver (938) . . 842 inspection of books of (938) 843 consent to liquidation of (938) 843 disappearance of paitner (938) 843 distribution of property (938) 843 See Actio pro Socio ; Partner. PATENT EIGHTS. origin of (872) 738 sale of (872) 738 cases on (872) 739 Cape Law (872) 739 Natal Law (872) 789 O. R C. Law (872) 739 Transvaal Law (872) 739 PAWN. a species of pledge (1057) . . 995 ( 62 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PAWN — cotiUntted. PAOB i-elease of aubjeot ol (1057) 995 in Transvaal Law (1057) 996 in Cape liaw (1057) 996 in Natal Law (1057) 996 See Bailment. PAWNBROKEIL under Eoman-Dutch Law (1057) 995 under Transvaal Law (1057) 996 under Cape Law (1057) 996 under Natal Law (1057) 996 See Pawn. PAYMENT. by co-principal debtor (740) 516 a performance of contract (793) 581 what it includes (793) 581 in special sense (794) . . . 581 by whom made (794) 581 by a third party (794) 581 who cannot make (794) 582 by a minor (794) 582 who must make (794) 582 by joint owner (794) 582 when invalid (794) 582 pleaof (794) 583 admission of (794) 583 to whom made (795) 583 to creditor's heir (795) 583 to assumed creditor (795) 583 to unemandpated minor (795) 584 equal to undue preference (795) 584 to special agent (795) 585 to pretended creditor (795) 585 to sheriff (795) 585 to guardian (795) 586 to curator (795) 586 to husband (795) 586 adject i solutioni (795) 586 substituted (795) 586 application of (796) 587 conditions of valid (796) 587 Uy keresfiduciart'M {196) 587 competing claims to (796) 587 to holder of liquid document (796) 588 under vi$ major (796) 588 what must be paid (797) 588 of specific thing (797) 588 in the alternative (797) 588 ( 63 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PAYMENT— cow^tnu^f. paob loss of subject of, by jnora (797) 589 choioe of debtor as to subject of (797) 689 by instalments (797) 589 of immovable property (798) 589 how validated (799) 590 transfers ownership in thing paid (799) 590 subsequent validity of (799) 590 of creditor's own property (799) 590 condition of subject of (799) 591 where made (800) 591 at unspecified place (800) 591 at debtor's house (800) 592 time of (801) 592 fulfihnent of conditions of (801) 592 at particular date (801) 593 appropriation of (802) 593 effect of (803) 596 mode of discharge by (803) 597 exceptio cedendarum actionum (803) 597 supra protest (803) 597 cession after (803) 597 when, no discharge (803) 598 presimiption of previous (803) 598 production of receipts of (803) 598 mode of proving (804) 599 effect of receipt (804) 599 exceptio non numeratfie pecuniae (804) 599 of interest fulfib contract (805) 599 donation as (1084) 1021 See Intebbst. PAYMENT SUPJiA PROTEST. See Payment. PENALTY. difference between, and interest (805) 600 set-off affecting (825) 636 rules as to (838) 668 accessory obligation (838) 668 when valid (838) 668 consequence of nullit>' (838) 668 its nature (838) 669 exceeding actual damages (838) 669 imconditional agreement for (838) 669 in liquid claims (838) 669 in illiquid claims (838) 669 proof of damages (838) 670 and general defences (838) 671 and performance (838) 671 ( 64 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PENALTY— con^inwcrf. ta^gb when liability arises (839) «72 judicial demand lor (839) 672 how default fixed (839) 672 divisible contract (839) 672 proportionate payment of (839) 672 contract of service (839) 673 surety for (983) 8^8 PERFOBMANCE. by way of tender (832) 653 in locatio opens facieudi (907) "7^ PERICULmf. defined (878) 746 See Risks and Benefits. PERMUTATIO. an innominate contract (736) 509 See Innominate Conteact. PER PROCURATION. See Agent ; Authority. PERSONA. definition of (750) 530 contract of artificial (750) 530 PIQNUS LEGALE. defined (1005) »34 BXid piffHUB praetorium (1005) 935 preference of (1029) 964 See Legal Hypothec; Pignus Pkaetokium; Tacit Hypothec. PIGNCS PRAETORIUM. defined (1005) 935 QxA pi(jnu8 legale iX^iOb) 935 how made preferent (1005) 935 arrest and (1005) 935 of several creditors (1005) 935 preference of (1029) 964 before notarial pledge (1029) 964 See Preference; Tacit Hypothec. PLACE. whether, an essential of contract (752) 532 of payment (800) 591 locaiio operis facietidH^l) 799 PLEA. of set-off, when made (825) 637 as to ownership, by lessee (916) 820 benefit of excussion (984) 902 non numeratae pecuniae {\0i%) 985 ( 66 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PLEDGE. PAGE set-off releasing (825) 636 defined (996) 921 distinguished from mortgage (996) 921 registration of (999) 925 what is a valid (999) 925 without delivery (999) 925 purchaser's knowledge of (999) 926 against eviction (1002) 929 of res aliena (1004) 933 action in rem on (1025) 958 preference of (1029) 964 valid, goes before tacit mortgage (1029) 964 notarial, follows j)njruti«|ira«fonum( 1029) 964 actio pignoratitia on (\0ii2) 973 termination of (1043) 975 pawn a species of (1057) 995 Ste Hypothecation; Hypothecs; Pawn. PLEDGER daim of (1000) 927 actio pignoratitia against (1042) 973 See Pledge. POWEB OF ATTORNEY. what it is (952) 857 general or special (952) 857 construction of (952) 857 to sue for ejectment (952) 857 to pass transfer (952) 858 by wife to husband (952) 858 scope and extent of (954) S59, 860 coupled with an interest (964) 871 irrevocably and in rem auam (964) 871 when irrevocable (975) 890 revocation of, when implied (975) 891 See Agency; Agent; Authoeity. PEECAEIUM. and commocUUum (1054) 993 defined (1054) 993 PEEFEEENCE. payment equal to imdue (795) 584 oi pignus praetoritim (1005) 935 of landlord's Hen (1009, 1029) 940, 964 of State or Treasury (1011) 942 for dowry (1015) 947 for wages (1019, 1029) 953, 964 of legal practitioner (1022) 956 of partner (1024) 958 ( 66 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PEEFEBENCE-Hxm^ntifd. page order of (1026) 960 decision as to (1026) 960 place for settling (1026) 961 distribution according to (1027) 961 for vindication (1027) 961 for stolen property (1027) 961 of bare owner (1027) 961 purchase for principal (1027) 962 deposits with bank (1027) .962 general costs of distribution (1028) .963 sequestration costs (1028) 963 special hypothecs (1029) 963 iorjiia retentionU (1029) 963 funeral expenses (1029) 964 general mortgages (1030) 965 unsecured debts (1031) 965 rules relating to (1032) 965 in chronological order (1032) 965 in execution sale (1032) 966 for interest (1032) 966 hour of mortgage (1033) 966 conditional hypothecation (1034) 967 on mortgage of re» ah'ma (1035) 967 rvile qui prior est Umj'ore {l032-'\036) .... 965—968 See Hypothbcation; Hypothecs; Lien; Tacit HYPOTHEa PEESCRIPTION. joint obligations (740) 516 actio doli (785) 571 actio quod inetus causd (791) 580 restitutio in integrum (845) 690 right of redemption (863) 727 actio redhihitoria (891) 766 actio quanti minoris (892) 768 exceptio non numeratae pecuniae (1049) 985 See Vol. L PRESUMPTION. as to intimidation (790) 579 as to set-off (825) 637, 638 in case of resale (863) 727 no, as to agent's authority (954) 859, 860 as to benefit of division (988) 909 as to donations (1084) 1021 as to doncUio inter vivos (1092) 1032 See PKESTJMPTIOXS. PEESUMPTIONS. when applied (844) 688 definition (844) 688 ( 67 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PEESUMPnONS— con<i/jM«f. page juris etde jure (Si4) 688 >n«(844) 688 /ac<t(844) 688 See Presumption; Intbbpbxtation of Coxiract. PEETIUM. a requisite of sale (850) 697 See Price. PEICE. a requisite of sale (850) 697 in what it consists (854) 713 how ascertained (854) 713 fixed by third party (854) 714 and laesio enormis (854) 714 its three requisites (854) 714 payment of, and suspensive condition (862) 725 restoration of, on resale (863) 727 See Laesio Enormis. PRINCIPAL. giving unlawful mandate (945) 850 and factor (946) 851 and broker (946) 851 and auctioneer (946) 852 when bound by broker (946) 852 rights on factor's insolvency (946) 853 bound by written authority (955) 861 bound by declarations (955) 861 deduction of tacit consent of (957) 863 how bound by general agent (959) 865 how bound by special agent (959) 865 how bound by written contract (960) 866 when boimd by agent (961) 867 whennot bound by agent (961) 867 agent's interest adverse to (964) 871 actions by and against (965) 872 actions by (965) 872 actio mandati directa of (965) 872 ratification by (967) 875 actions against (968) 877 liable for wrongful act of agent (970) 883 agent as only known (971) 885 agent dealt with as (971) 885 relations of, to third persons (972) 886 liability of, to third persons (972) 886 liability of shipowner as (972) 886 liability of, for contract in agent's name (972) 886 on what liability of, based (973) 887 liable for agent's tort (973) 887 ( 68 ) INDEX TO VOL. If. TBINOLPAL—continued. pagb Biiing on agent's contract (974) 889 death of (975, 978) 889, 892 revocationof agency by (975) 889 change of status of (977) 892 bankruptcy of (997) ..:...... 892 See Agency; Agent; Authority; M.vxdai'e. PEINCIPAL AND AGENT. See Agency; Agent; Principal. PRINCIPAL AND SUBETY. See Surety; Suretyship. PRIVILEGE. cession of, illegal (872) 738 See Vol. I. PRIVILEGED DEBT. preference of (1029) 964 See Preference. PRIVITY. an essential of contract (751) 530 rights of third parties (751) 531 rule of English Law (751) 531 PROOURATOR. fraud of (781) 568 PROCURATOR IN HEM SUAM. See Agency; Power of Attorney. PRODIGAL. capacity of, to contract (749) 528 restitutio in integrum to (848) 692 See Vol. I. PROOF. in actio doli (783) 570 of fraudulent omission (783) 570 of delegation (818) 628 of cession of action (877) 744 solvency of sureties (988) 908 of WM<MMm (1048) 984 in actio commodati directa (1055) 994 negligence of carrier (1063) 1004 m condictio h^hiti {lOm) 1009 See Evidence. PRO-TUTOR hypothec over (1014) 946 in Cape Colony (1014) 946 See Tacit Hypothec; and Vol. I. PROVISIONAL SENTENCE. security de restituendo (796) 588 ( 69 ) INDEX TO VOL. II. PUECHASE AND SALE. page (1) the oontraot (850) 697 nature of the contract (850) 697 Eoman Law definition (850) 697 requisites of sale (850) 697 merx {S61) 698 against public policy (851) 698 annuities (851) 698 produce (851) 698 of re$ aliena (861) 699 oi fideicommisiwn (851) 700 prohibition of alienation (851) 700 of stolen property (851) 701 consensus in (852)  on auction (852) 705 party to, not sui juris (852) 706 rules as to agency in (852) 707 rules as to, in drunkenness (853) 708 — 710 mistake in (853) 711 price in (854) 713 when complete (855) 714 (2) special conditions : a. general (856) 715 conditions of, when implied (856) 715 nature of special conditions (857) 716 when imlawful (857) 717 ambiguous or obscure (858) 717 (2) special conditions : 6. competition of ofifera (859, 860) . 718,719  agreement for resale (863) 726 jus retractus : 1. conventional (864) 728 jus reiradus : 2. legal (865) 728 (3) special varieties of sale : a. inheritances (866) . . . . 729 (3) special varieties of sale : h. rights of action (870) . . . 734 (4) risks and benefits (878—883) 745—753 (5) remedies of the buyer : a. the action for delivery (884 — 887) 753—761 (5) remedies of the buyer: K actions on warranty (888 — 894) 761—772 (6) the remedy of the seller (895, 896) .... 772—776 (7) rescission of sale (897) 776—778 See Actio Quanti Minoris; Actio Eedhibttoria ; Sale. PUECIHASEE. 