None
Turkey: Divisions of, ii, 699; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 282; number of Greeks in, i, 245; Roumanians in, i, 263; Serbo-Croatians in, i, 230; *j AW i i I j MWUAUKACM&1B J.117JJJ.} Ill Asia and Turkey in Europe.) Turkey in Asia: Number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96. (See also Turkey ) iirkey in Europe: Number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907 i • 001 .' .f, . ' .' > > WV) Ali XVVJU.Uid/lli.0), i, Ll\JO . Ill 1' V m Turkey> !| 282; number of households and persons studied, i, * r*mT-vi/^i7/-i/-kci ati* j-1i j-t.4 •! oorv ooo nnrt n,*^ v-i^— ^^^ *i * .* 280-285; occupa- padrone system, ii, 258-261, 270-272; I«T, John, quotation from message to Congress, ii, 562 I yiM'writer manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-^348. U. 134; oversupply of unskilled labor study of cit lea , ^upations: persons in industrial study and in Unions. 8* I ,;it>or organizations. Index. 899 United Kingdom: No emigration problem of importance, i, 168; emigration to Briiish colonies encouraged and assisted, i,. 168; number of immigrants from 1820-1910 i 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167. (See also separate countries.) United Norwegian Lutheran Seminary, Minneapolis, Minn., ii, 8. Universities of Buffalo, California, Chicago, Cincinnati, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Pittsburg, investigations in, ii, 8. (See also Higher educational institutions.) Utah: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; farm households studied, i, 639; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Utica, N. Y., immigrant banks in, ii, 413. V. » Valdese, N. C., Italian agricultural colony, i, 563. Value of manufactures east of Rocky Mountains, 1880-1905, i, 491. Vegetable growing, Japanese seasonal labor in, i, 667. (See also Agriculture and Seasonal labor.) Vehicles. See Agricultural implement and vehicle manufacturing. Vermont: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; no regulation of private or immigrant banks, ii, 435; insan- ity, ii, 232. Veterinary science, students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. Vetoes, Presidents': Arthur, bill suspending Chinese immigration for 20 years, 1882, ii, 580; Cleveland, bill providing for educational test, 1897, ii, 573, 574; Hayes, abrogation of Burlingame treaty, 1879, ii, 580. (See also Executive order.) Victoria: Immigration and emigration, ii, 632, 635; assisted immigration, ii, 633; Chinese immigration, ii, 635. (See also Australia.) Vineland, N. J.: Italian agricultural colony, i, 561, 565; Hebrew colonies, i, 578, 579. Vineyards, Japanese seasonal labor in, i, 667. (See also Agriculture and Seasonal labor.) Virginia: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in bituminous coal mines mainly of recent immigration, i, 506; regulation of bank- ing, ii, 435; cases of peonage, ii, 445; insanity, ii, 232. Visits abroad: Employees in manufacturing and mining, i, 461—463; Italians migra- tory, ii, 532. (See also Return movement, Previous residence in United States, etc.) Vlach, definition of term, i, 262. Volicos, J. N., Greek physician in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Voting age, nativity of males of, i, 148-156. (See also Citizenship.) W. Wages and earnings: Effects of recent immigrants on, i, 540, 541, 646; recent immigrants and Japanese displacing Chinese at higher wages, Pacific coast, i, 658; vary for old and new immigrant races on street railways in West, i, 646; only slightly increased for recent immigrants and Mexicans in West, i, 646; in bituminous coal mines of Pennsylvania, lower than elsewhere, i, 38; effect of labor organizations in West, i, 647; farm labor in West, i, 654, 669, 670, 672, 679; immigrants employ fellow-countrymen at lower than current, i, 654; sugar-beet laborers, i, 687; seasonal farm labor, i, 597, 670; of Asiatics, California, higher than formerly, i, 679; Chinese, i, 656, 658, 659; East Indians, i, 676, 678, 679; Japanese, i, 658, 665, 667, 669, 670, 672, 673, 675, 683; Mexicans, i, 646, 683; on sugar planta- tions, Hawaii, i, 707, 715, 720; .results of European investigation regarding, i, 186,187; a cause of emigration, i, 185, 186; of Greek boys, ii, 403, 404; increased, in Europe, as result of emigration of labor, i, 169, 277. Hourly earnings — Beet sugar, i, 688; glass bottles, i, 524; plate glass, i, 521; slaughtering and meat packing, i, 403, 404. Daily earnings — No criterion of annual income, i, 39, 370, 371; bituminous coal mines, i, 300, 396-403, 534; cigars and tobacco, i, 313, 396-403; construction work, i, 396-403; oil refining, i, 311, 396-403; slaughtering and meat packing, i, 396-403; coal mines of New Mexico, i, 686; farm labor, California, i, 670; seasonal agricultural labor, i, 600; glass bottles, i, 524; manufacturing and mining, i, 370-374, 379-383, 396-403; metalliferous mining and smelting, i, 686; street railways, the West, i, 646, 685, 686; of East Indians, i, 678, 680; of Mexicans, i, 683, 685-687; laborers in Hawaii, i, 707, 715. 900 The Immigration Commission. Wages and earnings — Continued. Weekly earning — Xo criterion of annual income, i, 367; of Italians, in glass industry, i, 524; maiHiiacturinir and mining, i, 366-370, 374-378, 383-396; various industries, i. 297-312. Annual earnings — Less than wages would indicate, on account of lost time, i, 39, 367, 370, 371: of Greek bootblacks, ii, 402; of Greek flower peddlers, ii, 393; immigrants in cities, i, 764-767; in manufacturing and mining, i, 405-411; various industries, i, 297-313: native and foreign born compared, i, 406, 408, 411; old and new immigration compared, i, 406, 409, 411; of field laborers in Manchuria, i. 705. (See also Family income and separate races and industries.} Wage-earners: Increase in number, manufacturing and mining, 1880-1909, i, 491-493; per cent foreign-born, i, 493; number and sex of those studied in manu- facturing and mining, i, 294; in agricultural pursuits, i, 547. (See also Bread- winners, Employees studied, Occupations, and separate races and industries.) Walcher, G., investigations of , referred to, ii, 546. Wales: Counties of, ii, 699; population, i, 214, 283; number of immigrants from, 3820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167_; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 623; in cities of United States, i, 145; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. (See alfo England and Wales.) Walker, J. Bruce, assistant superintendent of emigration for Canada, in London, quoted, ii, 615, 616. Washington: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 151, 155, 623; citizenship, i, 150, 152; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Norwegian farmers, i, 548; immigrants destined to, i, 105- 109; farm households studied, i, 639; emigration to Canada, ii, 617; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Washington, D. C., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. (See also District of Columbia.) Washington University, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. Water supply, of households of immigrants in cities, i, 753. (See al o Housing con- ditions, Toilet accommodations, etc.) Waterbury, Conn.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Wawarsing, N. Y., Hebrew agricultural colony, i, 577. Weekly earnings. See Wages and earnings. Weight of native and foreign born, compared, ii, 510, 512, 514, 516, 519, 525, 526, 534-536, 538. Welfare work. See Homes and aid societies, Benefits in addition to wages, and Aid furnished to immigrants. \\Vlsh: Definition, i, 282, 283; language, i, 225, 282, 283; number of immigrants, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 283, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 283; number i households and persons studied, i, 316-320; employees studied, i, 320-333 336- 47, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of "in ing, effect on literacy, i, 446, 447; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463; ii, 147-151, 263-266; residence £tU]Sl ??aliS^604; occuPation> i, 117, H8, 363-366; wages and earnings, 03 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 95-153 m charity hospitals, n, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237 status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42 :9-61, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-147; citizenship, i, 484-489- ii 152 n labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity >; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i f apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i Ii rdTf?rJ°dgerV' .422~4265 retum movement, X 112-118, 180, 182 Z England Wdsh'j *'"*"' * ™**> Ind" '• 52* in Canada' *>™' <*« \\ end or Wind. See Slovenian. na(a oF i?1™^11^ ". 609, 610; population, i, 621-623; Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States, and separate situation in Argentina and Index. 901 West Indian: Number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215; proportion of males i 98- destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; occupation abroad i, 100, 101; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356; occupation, i, 117, 118; wages and earnings, i, 366-403; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; insanity and mental defects ii 237; in schools, 11, 10-16, 18-31, 64-66; literacy, i, 99, 438-447; citizenship i 4844 .489; return movement, i, 112-118; in Canada, ii, 612, 626. (See al o Cuban Porto Rican, etc.) West Indies: Races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; number of immigrants from, 1820- 1910, i, 65-96; Dutch in, i, 232; natives of, in United States, i, 134 136 137- children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; literacy i 438-447 (See al>o Cuba, Porto Rico, etc.) West Seneca, N. Y., representative immigrant community, i, 496. West Virginia: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; regulation of banking, ii, 435; cases of peonage, ii, 445; insanity, ii, 232. (See also South, bituminous coal mining.) Western Australia: Immigration and emigration, 1851-1901, ii, 632; assisted immigra- tion to, ii, 633. (See alo Australia.) Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, ii, 8. Western Theological Seminary, Chicago, 111., ii, 8. Wheeler, William R., member of Immigration Commission, i, 12, 166. White, W. J., director of Canadian propaganda in United States, annual report emoted ii, 608-610. White Russian: Definition of term, i, 265; population, i, 265. (See al o Russian.) White-slave traffic: Abstract of report on, ii, 323-350; conclusions, i, 30; recom- mendations, i-,.46; information regarding, furnished to authorities, i, 23; between Europe and United States, i, 30; legislation for suppression of, ii, 577. (See also Prostitution.) White-slave traffic act: Of June 25, 1910, ii, 744-747; result of Commission's investi- gations, i, 30. Whiting, Ind., population, and immigration to oil refineries, i, 527, 528. Wilkes-Barre, Pa., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Williams, Wm., commissioner at Ellis Island, action regarding homes and aid societies, ii, 314, 315, 322. Willis, H. Parker, editorial adviser to Immigration Commission, i, 12. Wilmington, Del., immigration to leather factories, i, 529. Wind or Wend. See Slovenian. Window glass. See Glass manufacturing. Wisconsin: Foreign-born in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Italian communities, i, 560; Polish farmers, i, 583; cheese industry of Green County, i, 549; wages of sugar-beet laborers, i, 597; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; voting laws lenient, i, 153; immigrant banks, ii, 414; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434; insanity, ii, 232; emigration to Canada, ii, 617. Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons, Milwaukee, Wis., ii, 8. Wissler, Clark, investigations of phenomena of growth, referred to, ii, 553. Wives, location of. See Location of wives. Wives at work: Families having income from, i, 413^415, 766; seasonal farm labor, i, 597, 598, 600. (See also Family income and Woman and child labor.) Wolf, Simon, hearing before Immigration Commission, i, 19. WTpman and child labor: Establishment of certain industries in localities where such is available, i, 541; in textile industry, displaced by males of recent immigration, i, 540; among recent immigrants, San Francisco, cheaper than Japanese, i, 663; seasonal farm labor, i, 594-598; Russian, in Hawaii, i, 707. (See also Family income, Wives at work, and Children, status of.) Women: Citizenship of, by marriage, ii, 828; fecundity of, abstract of report on, ii, 451-500. Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., ii, 8. Woods, Erville B., assistant to statistician of Immigration Commission, i, 12. Woolen and worsted manufacturing: Summary of data secured, i, 302, 303; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; earnings, i,' 384-386, 388-395; industry in Lawrence, Mass., described, i, 512-516; female breadwinners reported as woolen- -mill operatives, i, 830-838; Chinese in woolen manufacturing, San Francisco, 1870, i, 655. Woonsocket, R. I.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152 902 The Immigration Commission. Worcester, Mass.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; immi- grants a« charity seekers, ii, 93-115; foreign-born in male population, i, 151 ; citizen- ship, i, 152. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass., ii, 8. Working conditions: Poor, accepted by recent immigrants, i, 538, 539; effect of recent immigrants, i, 501; poorer in bituminous coal mines of Pennsylvania than else- where, i, 38; seasonal agricultural labor, i, 596, 597; peonage, ii, 439-449; planta- tions, Hawaii, i, 714-717. Working relations between old and new immigrants, i, 540. (See also Race prejudice, Assimilation, etc.) Worsted. See Woolen and worsted manufacturing. Wright, Luke E., executive order regarding Chinese, ii, 798. Wyoming: Foreign-born in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; population, i, 623; citizenship, i, 150; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; regulation of banking, ii, 435. Y. Yearly earnings. See Wages and earnings. Yearly income. See Family income ana Wages and earnings. Yokaris Brothers, promoters of Greek shoe-shining parlors, ii, 398. Yonkers, N. Y.: .Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; foreign- born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Youngstown, Ohio: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship i 152- immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Z. Zinc smelting and manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-338, 343-348. o i. 20 '17. 