None
('90 to '99). VOGEL, H. W. Handbuch der Photo- graphic. Vier Theile enthaltend die photo- graphische Chemie, Optik, Praxis und Kunstlehre. Berlin. I Thiel., 1890, pp. XVI, 351, 12 plates; n Theil., 1894, pp. xi, 367; in Theil., Abt. I, 1897, pp. x, 311, Abt. II, 1899, PP- x, 159. ('99). The photo-miniature. Tennant and Ward, New York. Begun in 1899. A series of small, inexpensive volumes, by various autliors, on various phases of photography. Some of them excellent. About 70 numbers up to beginning of 1905- ('99). HUBBARD, J. G. Color screens as applied to photomicrography. Jour. Bost. Soc. Med. Sci., vol. in, 1899, pp. 297-301. ("99). WRIGHT, JAMES H. Examples of the applica- tion of color screens to photomicrography. Jour. Bost. Soc. Med. Sci., vol. in, 1899, pp. 302-307. ('01). ABNEY, SIR WILLIAM DE WIVELESLIE. A treatise on photography. Tenth ed. thor- oughly revised, with 134 illustrations. Long- mans, Green & Co., 39 Paternoster Row, London, New York, and Bombay, 1901, pp. xvii, 425. An excellent book, butsubjects treated very briefly. ('02). WALMSLEY, W. H. The A B C of photo- micrography, pp. viii, 155. Tennant and Ward, New York, 1902. LVI. Methods and Systems of Classification. (See also III and X.) ('38). EHRENBERG. See v. ('41). DUJARDIN, F£LIX. Histoire naturelle des zo- ophytes, infusoires comprenant la physiolo- gie et la classification. Paris, 1841. ('65). DAVAINE. See v. C°5-'67). TRECUL, A. Urocephalum. C. R. des se. de 1'Acad. des sci., 1865, T. LXI, p. 156 and 432. Ibid. 1867, T. LXV, p. 513. The form of bacterium with a spore at one end, which is swollen, was called Urocephalum by Trecul. ('72). COHN. See v. ('79). TREVISAN. Introduzzione allo studio die bac- teri. Atti d. Inst. Lombardo, 1879. ('80). WINTER. See in. ('81). ZOPF, W. Ueber den genetischen Zusammen- hang von Spaltpilzformen. Monatsbericht d. Konigl. preuss. Akad. d. Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1881, pp. 277-284, i plate. See also various editions of Zopf s "Spaltpilze." ('85) DE BARY. See in. ('85). KUENTSLER, J. De la position systematique des bacteriacees. Jour, de micr., T. ix, 1885, pp. 295-307. According to this author the bacteria are of animal origin, the nearest relatives being the Flagellata, espe- cially the astomous forms. There are transition forms. ('86?). SCHROETER. See in. ('86). HUEPPE, FERDINAND. Die Formen der Bak- terien und ihre Beziehungen zu den Gattun- gen und Arten. With 24 wood-cuts. Wies- baden, C. W. Kreidel's Verlag, 1886, pp. vin, 152. ('89). DE TONI AND TREVISAN. Sylloge Schizomy- cetarum. Forms a portion of vol. vin of Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum. Padua, 1889, pp. 923-1,087. Those volumes of Saccardo's Sylloge Fuugorum which are out of print have been reproduced in fac-simile (zincography) by R. Friedlander and Sohn, Berlin. ('90). MESSEA, AL. Contribuzione allo studio delle ciglia dei batterii e proposta di una classifica- zione. Revista d'igiene e Sanita Pubblica, Anno I, 1890, pp. 513-528, I plate. Bibliog- raphy of 19 titles. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., etc., Bd. ix, 1891, pp. 106-107, and in Baum- garten's Jahresbericht, Bd. vn, p. 344. The bacteria are classified as Gymnobacteria and Trich- obacteria. The latter are subdivided into four groups : Monotricha (one polar flagellum), Lophotricha (a tuft at one pole), Amphitricha (one flagellum at each end), and Peritricha (flagella from various parts of the body). These names are not used in a generic sense. ('92). WARD, H. MARSHALL. On the characters or marks employed for classifying the Schizo- mycetes. Annals of Botany, vol. 6, 1892, p. 103- ('94). MIGULA, W. Ueber ein neues System der Bak- terien. Arbeiten aus dem Bakt. Institut der Technische Hochschule zu Karlsruhe, Bd. I, Hft. 2, 1894, pp. 235-238. ('95). MIGULA, W. Schizomycetes. Engler and Prantl's Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1895. ('95). FISCHER, ALFRED. Untersuchungen iiber Bak- terien. Jahrb. f. wissensoh. Botanik, Bd. xxvn, 1895, Hft. i, pp. 1-163. 5 plates. ('96). MEz, CARL. Der heutige Stand der bak- teriologischen Systematik. Botanisches Centralb., Bd. LXVIII, 1806, pp. 203-211. ('97). CHESTER, FREDERICK D. A preliminary arrange- ment of the species of the genus Bacterium. Oth Ann. Rept. of the Delaware Coll. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1897. Also a separate, pp. 93. ('97). MIGULA. See in. ('97). FISCHER. See in. Coo). MIGULA. See 111. ('02). THAXTER. See x. ("03). KENDALL, ARTHUR I. A proposed classifica- tion and method of graphical tabulation of the characters of bacteria. Proc. Amer. Pub. Health Asso., Thirtieth annual meeting, held at New Orleans, La., Dec., 1902, vol. xxvin, pp. 481-493. Also a separate, pp. 3-15. Pub. 1003. ('03). FORD, WILLIAM W. The classification and dis- tribution of the intestinal bacteria in man. Studies from the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, vol. i, No. 5 (Pathology n), 1003, PP- 3-95. 3 tables. Also a separate. CATALOGUES. 265 ('03). GAGE, STEPHEN DE M, AND PHELPS, EARLE B On the classification and identification o< bacteria, with a description of the card sys- tem in use at the Lawrence Exp. Station for Records of Species (Lawrence, Mass.). Proceedings of thirtieth annual meeting- of American Public Health Assn., New Or- leans, La., Dec., 1902, vol. xxvm, pp. 494- 505. Pub. Columbus, O., 1903. Also a separate, pp. 12-23. ('04). PERKINS, ROGER G. Bacillus Mucosus Capsu- latus. A study of the group and an attempt at classification of the varieties described. Jour, of Infectious Diseases, vol. I, No. i, 1904, pp. 241-267. Also a separate. ('05). WINSLOW, C. E. A., AND ROGERS, ANNE P. A revision of the Coccaceae. Preliminary communication. From the Biological labo- ratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Science, n. s., Vol. xxi, 1905, pp. 669-672. The 445 described forms are reduced to 31 types. Five genera are recognized, viz, Diplococcus and Streptococ- cus, belonging to the sub-family Paracoccaceae, and Mi- crococcus, Sarcina and Ascococcus, belonging to the sub- family Metacoccaceae. LVII. Useful Catalogues. Catalogues and addresses of instrument makers, manufacturers of chemicals, etc. : CARI, ZEISS, Jena. (1) Microscopes and microscopical accessories, 32 ed., 1902. (2) Photographic objectives and photo-optical ap- pliances, 1901. (3) Catalogue of instruments and appliances for projection and photomicrography, fourth ed., 1899. ERNST LEITZ, Wetzlar. Microscopes and accessory apparatus. Cat. 39. U. S. Branch: Wm. Krafft, 80 East i8th st, near Broadway, New York. BAUSCH AND LOME, Rochester, N. Y. (1) Optical apparatus, microscopes, photographic lenses. (2) Chemical apparatus, bacteriological apparatus. EIMER AND AMEND, New York. Chemical and physical apparatus, 1903. Am. agents for Zeiss. WHITALL AND TATUM, Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. Glassware. F. AND M. LAUTENSCHLAEGER, Berlin. Cat. No. 60. Bacteriologie, Chemie, Asepsis. MAISON WIESNEG (P. Lequeux), 64 Rue Gay-Lussac, Paris. Catalogue des appareils de bacteriologie et d'hygiene. M. SCHANZE, Leipzig. Preisverzeichnis von Mikrotome. DR. HERMANN ROHRBECK, Berlin. Brood-ovens, thermo-regulators, etc. DR. G. GRUEBLER AND Co., Leipzig. Preislisten von Farbstoffe und Reagentien. Griibler's stains may be obtained in the U. S. from Wm. Krafft, 80 East i8th st., near Broadway, New York. Koenigliohe Pprzellan-Manufactur, Berlin. Preis-Verzeichniss, No. v. Gerathschaften zu chemischen und pharmaceutischen Zwecken. i Jan., 1899. Price list of chemical apparatus manufactured and sold by C. Gerhardt, Bonn am Rhein, Ger- many. P. J. KIPP u. ZOHNEN, Delft, Netherlands. Makers of the Reinhold-Giltay microtome. DR. ROB. MUENCKE. Catalog fiber chemische Apparate und Gerathschaf- ten, 1900, Berlin, N. W., Luisen-Strasse 58. Preis 5 mark. pp. 600. DR. PETERS & ROST. (1) Preis-Liste fiber Apparate und Utensilien fur elektrochemische und elektrolytische Ar- beiten. Liste No. 29. Berlin, 1900, pp. 48. (2) Preis-Liste fiber Apparate und Utensilien fur Bakterioloeie, Hygiene, Mikroscopie. Rea- gentien, Farbstoffe, Nahrboden, Reincul- turen, mikroscopische Praparate. Liste No. 30. Berlin, 1900, pp. 123. (3) Preis-Liste fiber chemische Apparate und Uten- silien fur wissenschaftliche und Fahriks- Laboratorien, Chemicalien, Reagentien, Normal-Losungen. Liste No. 28. Berlin, 1002, pp. 534. (4) Preis-Liste fiber physikalische Apparate. Liste No. 37. Berlin, 1902, pp. iv, 383. MAX KAEHLER AND MARTINI, Berlin. Chemical and Bacteriological Apparatus. The above five catalogues or their equivalent may now be obtained from the following: Vereinigte Fabriken ffir Laboratoriumsbedarf, ges. M. B. H., ChauseestT. 3. Berlin. N., formerly Max Kaehler & Martini. Dr. Peters & Rost. New York Office : Laboratory and School Supply Co., 20-24 East 20th street, New York. EMU, GRF.INER, New York. Bacteriological apparatus, glassware, high-grade glass blowing. Very reliable. GREINER & FRIEDRICHS, Stutzerbach, Germany. Glassware. C. P. GOERZ. Price list of double-anastigmat lenses and of the Goerz-Anschutz camera. Berlin-Friedenau, and 52 East Union Square, New York. FOI.MER AND SCHWING, 407 Broome street, New York. High-grade cameras. HENRY HEIL CHEMICAL Co., 298-312 S. Fourth street, St. Louis, Mo. Illustrated catalogue and price list of chemical and physical apparatus and instruments for labora- tories, chemists, iron and steel works, smelters, assayers, mines, sugar refineries, schools, col- leges, universities, etc. SPENCER LENS Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Microscopes. Excellent lenses, especially low- power apochromatics and a new 2 mm. oil im- mersion achromatic. 266 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. BECKER, CHRISTIAN. Price list of balances and weights of precision. Factory : New Rochelle, N. Y. ; New York office : 7 Maiden Lane. THE KNY-SCHEERER Co., 225-233 Fourth avenue, New York. (1) Illustrated Catalogue of Surgical Instruments, 1902, pp. LVI, and pp. 1,001-1,061, 2,001-2,140, 3,001-3,192, 4,001-4,102, and 5,001-5,180. (2) Aseptic Surgical Furniture and General Hos- pital Supplies, 6 ed., 1902, pp. 232. Fully illustrated. E. H. SARGENT, & Co., 143 and 145 Lake street, Chi- cago. Importers and makers of laboratory supplies, price list of apparatus, chemicals, reagents, tissue-stains, microscopical and bacteriological supplies, etc. JAMES T. DOUGHERTY, 409 and 411 W. Fifty-ninth street, New York. Scientific apparatus. Sole United States agent for Carl Reichert, Vienna, Austria, microscopes, microtomes, and polarizing apparatus. THE VblGTLAENDER & S*ON OPTICAL Co., 137 W. Twenty-third street, New York. Collinear and telephoto lenses, porro prism binoc- ulars, etc. WARNER & SWASEY, Cleveland, Ohio. Excellent binocular field glasses. CHARLES J. Ross Co., 1525 Fairmount avenue, Phila- delphia, Pa. Excellent quality of drawing-board, heavily coated, so as to permit of any number of erasures. Rec- ommended by Dr. Roland Tfaaxter and by the •writer. THE CENTURY CAMERA Co., Rochester, N. Y. Excellent cameras embodying many convenient, time-saving devices. STANLEY PHOTOGRAPHIC DRY PLATE Co. Cheap dry-plates of good quality. M. A. SEED DRY PLATE Co., St. Louis, Mo. Standard dry-plates. Non-curling films. Isochro- matic, ordinary, and non-halation plates of good quality. HAMMER DRY PLATE Co., St. Louis, Mo. Both Seed and Hammer publish interesting little free handbooks on negative making, etc. G. CRAMER DRY PLATE Co., St. Louis, Mo. New York Depot : 32 East loth street. CADETT SPECTRUM DRY PLATE Co., London, England. THE ILFORD CHROMATIC PLATE Co., London, England. The 3^4 by 4^4 plates are highly recommended by Dr. Jeffrey for photomicrographic work. They cost 20 cents per dozen, exclusive of duty. THE EASTMAN KODAK Co., Rochester, N. Y. Roll and cut films, Kodoid films, non-curling films, solio paper, velox paper, etc. WILLIS AND CLEMENTS, Philadelphia, Pa. Platinotype paper. DR. J. C. MILLER, Denver, Colo. Blue-print papers of high grade, known as "French Satin, Jr." G. GENNERT, 24 and 26 East ijth street, New York. Hauff's Ortol developer, white glass for lantern- slide covers, etc. MALLINCKRODT CHEMICAL WORKS, St. Louis, Mo., and New York, N. Y. Photographic chemicals of a high grade. KEUFFEL & ESSER Co., New York. 127 Fulton street and 42 Ann street. Catalogue and price list of drawing materials and surveying instruments. Drawing paper of any quality de- sired converted into blue-print paper. Branches in Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. E. SCHERING, manufacturing chemist, Berlin, Ger- many. KRAL'S LABORATORY, Prag, Austro-Hungary. Der gegenwartige Bestand der Kral'schen Samm- lung von Mikroorganismen, Oct., 1902. Krai's Bac- teriologisches Laboratorium, Prag, I. Kleiner Ring 11. Telegramm-Addresse : Krai's Laboratorium. Cultures of several hundred sorts of bacteria and of some fungi may be had from this laboratory. Authors are urged to send their new species to Krai. W. P. Stender, Leipzig, Gerichtsweg 10. Fabrik ttnd Lager von Glasgegenstaenden zur Anfertigung mikroskopischer Praeparate, u. s. w. EAGLE OXYGEN Co. (See p. 81.) DEFENDER PHOTO SUPPLY Co., Rochester, N. Y. Argo and other photographic papers. ADDEN DA. Page 46, paragraph b, for " fat " read casein. The fluid has a soapy feeling, but " saponification " also is probably not the proper term. What actually occurs is a matter for the chemist to determine. The inoculated milk shows no change at first, but gradually becomes intensely alkaline and clears synchronously, without coagula- tion or precipitation. By addition of acids, or concentrated solutions of sodium chloride, copper sulphate, etc., the transparent fluid may now be filled with a white flocculence, which slowly settles to a bulky caseous precipitate, leaving a superna- tant clear, pale whey. It usually requires a month or six weeks for the inoculated milk to become entirely transparent, but a similar transparency may be produced at once in check tubes of milk by adding a few drops of ammonia-water. On testing cultures grown for a few days in " nitrate bouillon," as described on p. 63, it happens frequently that there is no nitrite reaction. It is then neces- sary to know whether nitrate is actually present in the bouillon. Usually cultures of Bacillus coli, or some other known nitrate-reducing organism serve this purpose. If such cultures have not been provided, the test for nitrates may be made with diphenylamin dissolved in strong sulphuric acid. On addition of a few drops of this reagent there is an immediate, evanescent, deep-blue reaction if nitrates are present. The reagent is prepared by slowly dropping 90 cc. of c. p sulphuric acid into 10 cc. of pure water, after which i gram of diphenylamin is added, and the solution preserved in a glass-stoppered bottle. 267 I NDEX. Page. Abbe camera 130 Abstracts, making of 114 Acclimatization to high temperatures 222 Acetic alcohol. as a fixing fluid 202 with mercuric chloride 202 Acetone, for use in fermentation-tubes 52 Acid-fast bacteria 188 Acid-forming bacteria, demonstration by plate cultures 51,233 Acid gelatin, effect on growth 30 Acid, hydrochloric, in culture-media 98 oxalic, actively germicidal 249 Acids, action on enzymes 68 effect on bacteria 249 formation of, in milk-cultures 46 method of estimating in plants, when not free 207 spilled, neutralization of 107 toleration of, by bacteria 70, 249 vegetable, sensitiveness of bacteria to 69 Achromatium 162 Acrolein, germicidal action of 252 Achromatic objectives, disadvantages of 140 with excellent definition 265 Ae'robe, Pasteur's definition of 230 Agar-agar, combined with bouillon and sugars 33,5 1 commercial, source of 31, 225 composition of 32, 223 cultures on, for flagella staining 20 filtration of 33, 224, 225 glycerinated 50, 196 litmus lactose 196 melting point of 32 methods of making 223, 224, 225 nutrient, centrifuging of 225 nutrient, temperature at which poured 105 per cent used for media 35 rate of diffusion in 224 roll-cultures of 36 softening of, by bacteria 32 solidification of 32 source of 31 standard nutrient, preparation of 33,195 sterilization of 98, 99 variation on, of same organism 180 with neutral red 230 without nutrients 229 - Page. Agar-block method for study of antagonism. . 73 Agar-plates, for detection of acid-forming colonies 51 Agfa-intensifier 142 Air, bacteria infrequent in Arctic 255 bacteria rare in upper strata of 255 of mountains, bacteria rare in 255 over the sea, bacteria rare in 255 Air-currents, danger of 103, 106 Air-shaft, for ventilation of dark-room 149 Albumen, egg, Mayer's 119 preparation of, for culture-medium 48 Alcohol, as a fixing fluid 8, 202 •ethyl, for use in fermentation-tubes 52 methyl, for use in fermentation-tubes 52 weak germicidal action of 252 Alkalies action on enzymes 68 formation of, in cultures 61 sensitiveness of bacteria to 69 toleration of, by bacteria 70 Alkaline methylene blue 188 Amaryllis, inoculated with B. hyacinth! 66 Amiclo-bacteria 175 Amins, test for 64 Ammonia-bacteria 175 Ammonia, oxidation of, by bacteria 64 test for 64 Ammonium, citrate, relation to pigment-production 65 lactate, relation to pigment-production 65 oxalate, solvent of middle lamella 67 salts, oxidation of, by bacteria 64 salts, sterilization without loss of ammonia. 52 succinate, relation to pigment-production. . . 65 Amoebobacter 163 Anaerobe, Pasteur's definition of 230 Anaerobes 51 Arens' method of cultivating 231 Buchner's method for growing 231 Bulloch's method of obtaining 228 Heim's method 231 Hesse's method 230 Klein's apparatus for 232 - on culture-media in hydrogen, etc 57 present in milk 46 Wright's methods of cultivating 228 269 2-JO BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Anilin-dyes, differential diagnosis with 230 watery solutions of '87 Analin-dyes (basic), affinity of bacteria for 27 use of, in vegetable tissues 29 Anilin fuchsin '^7 Anilin gentian violet :°7 Anilin methyl violet ^7 Anilin stains, alcoholic solutions of 187 Anilin-water T°7 Animal-fluids for culture-media, beef-broth 45 blood-serum 48 egg-albumen 4° egg-yolk • 49 litmus-milk 4», 196 milk 46 rice cooked in milk 48 Anschiitz, normal thermometers 78 Antagonistic action of bacteria 73 Anthrax organism, asporogenous 222 behavior when injected into plants 89 branching in 216 generic name for !7' Anthrax spores, substratum influences forma- tion of 219 Antiseptics, effect on form of bacteria 252 kinds of 74 literature on 250 Aplanobacter, species included under genus. . 171 Apochromatic objectives, in photomicrography 139 recommended for bacteriological work 130 Spencer 14° Zeiss 130 Apparatus necessary in laboratory 95 Apple blight, due to B. amylovorus 202 Arnold steam-sterilizer 47 Arthrospores, disputed existence of. .. 21, 158,218 Asparagin, in fermentation-tubes 52 relation to pigment-production 65 Atkinson, method for photographing poured plates 134 Aujeszky, spore-stain 219 Autoclave, for sterilization of culture-media. 84, 98 Bacillus, Cohn's genus 158 Fischer's genus 157 in Migula's classification 160 Bacillus amylovorus, absence of pigment in 65 distributed by insects 215 effect of direct sunlight on 72 enters plant through nectaries 92 flagella hard to stain ; 190 hosts of 87 nitrates not reduced by 113 non-sporiferous 158 useful for comparison 29 Page. Bacillus aroideae 115 hosts of 86 soft rot due to 115 stain produced by 65 thermal relations of 86 variation in shape of colonies at different temperatures 180 Bacillus Biitchlii, inner structure of 279 Bacillus carotovorus, soft rot due to 103 stain produced by 65 thermal relations of 86 tissues occupied by 5, 6 Bacillus coli, effect of formalin on 229 how differentiated from B. amylovorus. . 51, 113 method of differentiating from B. typhosus. 229 useful for comparison 29 vitality of 72 Bacillus denitrificans, size of 18 Bacillus hortulanus, isolation of, by heat. 106,211 Bacillus oleraceae, maximum temperature for. 86 Bacillus oligocarbophilus 241 Bacillus prodigiosus, culture-media for 238, 239 for study of production of pigment 64 magnesium sulphate necessary for pigment. 238 pigmented and non-pigmented races of. . 64,222, 238 reaction of color to acids and alkalies 65 Bacillus rosaceus metalloides, rosette-like groupings 218 Bacillus tracheiphilus, absence of pigment in 65 action of block-tin on 97 behavior in fermentation-tubes 53 behavior toward acids and alkalies 70 distributed by insects 178, 215 effect of f rezing on 82 effect of sodium chloride on 70 susceptibility to dry air 71 viscidity of 20 Bacillus typhosus, action of copper on 74, 97 behavior when injected into living plants. . . 89 effect of formalin on 229 Hiss' special medium for differentiating. .. . 230 non-sporiferous 158 Wurtz's method of differentiating 229 Bacteria, action on photographic plate 242 amount of acid tolerated 70 animal origin of 264 blue pigment forming, in cheese, etc 237 branched forms 177, 217, 218, 237 effect of chemicals on 74, 250 effect of freezing 79, 246, 247, 258 effect of gases on 58, 231 effect of heat on 75, 246 effect of ions on 244 effect of light on 71, 243 effect of pressure on 245 hanging-block cultures 22 INDEX. 271 Page. Bacteria — continued. hanging-drop cultures 22 in bread, baking does not destroy all 261 in milk 196, 260 isolation from diseased tissues, methods of. n limits of size 18 long vitality of 72, 214, 263 monotonous morphology of 25 move against a stream 253 non-nitrifying associated with nitrifying. . . 241 oxidation of ammonia and ammonium salts by 64 photographing in stained tissues 136, 140 prehistoric 362 presence in diseased tissues, how deter- mined 10 rapidity of movement 26 rare in Arctic 255 rare in mountain air 255 sensitiveness to acids 69 sensitiveness to alkalies 69 species found in meat-extracts 260 thermal range of 75, 246 toleration limit for sodium chloride. .. . 70,252 Bacterial ash, alkaline 42 Bacterial disease communicated by beetles.... 92, 178,215 Bacterial soft rots, similarity of 8 Bacteriology, milestones in progress of 151 prominent workers in 152 Bacteriosis of walnut 174, 1/6 prevention of 93 Bacterium, Cohn's genus 166 Ehrenberg's genus 165 iron stored by 261 plant parasites belonging to genus 171 Migula's use of the word 160, 165 substituted for Pseudomonas 166, 171 triloculare 165, 169 Bacterium campestre, communicated by slugs, larvae, etc 215 effect of desiccation on 71 enters plant through water-pores. 92,94, 102, 124 enzymes produced by 68 relation to soft white rots 73 tissues occupied by 7, 10, n, 12 useful for comparison 29 Bacterium hyacinth!, effect of desiccation on 71 effect on Amaryllis atamasco 66 Bacterium malvacearum, leaf spots due to 95 stomatal infection 126 Bacterium pediculatum, branching of 221 Bacterium phaseoli, beans infected with, by way of stomata 92 effect of direct sunlight on 72 pigment of 179 Bacterium pericarditidis, fiagellum of 237 green fluorescence of 65 Page. Bacterium pericarditidis — continued. viscidity in fluid culture-media 42 vitality of 73 Bacterium solanacearum, distributed by insects 215 optimum temperature for 86 plants inoculated with 17, 202 relation to soft white rots 73 stain produced by 65 Bacterium syncyaneum, blue color of, in acid milk 65 Bacterium syringae 64, 66, 135 Bacterium Stewart!, stock-cultures of, how best kept 72 tissues affected by 4, 90 Bacterium termo, Cohn's and de Bary's account of 166 Dallinger & Drysdale's conception of 170 flagella of 20, 170, 219 Bacterium triloculare, flagella of 20,169 Bacterium vascularum, relation to red stain of sugar-cane 66 stock cultures of, how best kept 72 Bactridium, as a genus name 158 Balsam, for mounting sections 119 Banti, isolations on slant media 227 Barfoed's reagent 208 Bechamp, views concerning morphology 176 Beef-bouillon, proper sterilization of 98 standard peptonized 45, 195 Beetles, disease spread by 92, 178, 215 Beggiatoa 162 Bell-jars, for use in inoculations 108 Benda's iron-haematoxylin 188 Benzoic acid 74 Beyerinck, agar for detection of acid-forming colo- nies 51, 233 agar for cultivation of nitrite bacteria 199 Bacillus oligocarbophilus 241 blue pigment bacteria in cheese 237 fermentation of indigo 257 Kapillarhebermikroscopirtropfenflasche 226 root-tubercle bacteria, study of 153 thermotaxis 254 Bilirubin as a test for free oxygen 57 Billroth, views concerning morphology 176 Birds, intestinal tract of, bacteria in 258 Blood-serum 48 Blue prints, making of, for drawing purposes. 150 Bokorny, amount of nutrients needed by bac- teria 225 Bolley, on longevity of bacteria 263 Boni's method of staining capsules 194 Bouillon, cultures in, for flagella staining 20, 190 lead acetate in 51 neutral red in 51 of varying degrees of alkalinity and acidity. 51 peptonized standard 195 salted 51 sterilization of 98, 99 272 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Bougie, Berkefeld's, for filtration of culture-fluids. . 43 Chamberland's, for filtration of culture- fluids 43 Chamberland's, sterilization of, necessity for frequent 44 Bowhill's flagella stain I92 Boxes for sterilization of pipettes 41 Branched forms 23, 177, 215, 216, 217, 218 Bread, Bacteria cause stringiness in 260, 261 baking does not fully sterilize 261 Bredig und Miiller, enzymic action of plati- num black 234 Brenner, black rot of cabbage, communicated by aphides 215 Bromide-prints IS1 Broomcorn, natural infection in 92, 150 red blotches and stripes, relation of bacteria to 66 Brownian movement, deceptive nature of. . 10, 26 Brown pigment, bacteria producing. 65, 21 1, 214,237 Brunner and Zawadzki, counting plate 227 Bubonic plague, nature of organism causing.. 214 Buchner, effect of light on bacteria 244 method of growing anaerobes 231 Bujwid, cholera red 229 comparison of Chamberland and Berkefeld filters 227 Bunge's flagella stain 191 Burcq, effect of metallic copper on bacteria. . . 250 Biitschli, nature of central body in bacteria. 216, 217 Butter, bacteria in 259 Cabbage, natural infection in. . . 92, 93, 94, 102, 124 Cages for inoculation 108 Calcium carbonate, effect of, on longevity 61 Calcium chloride, effect on luminous bacteria. 60 Camera, Abbe, for drawing 130 centering of horizontal 137 enlarging, reducing, and copying 146 photographing with horizontal 137 Cankers produced by bacteria 8 Capillary drop flask 21, 226 Capsule, branching caused by one-sided development Of 221 examination of unstained 19 Friedlaender's stain 220 methods of staining for demonstration of . 19, 194 Moore's contrast stain 221 Carbol-fuchsin 187 Carbol-methylene blue 188 Carbolic acid 74 for sterilizing surface of diseased material . . 14 Carbon dioxide, assimilation of, by bacteria 64 behavior in 59, 223 cultures in, factors to be considered 59 generation of 54, 55 Page. Carbon dioxide — continued. removal of all oxygen from 57 test for, in fermentation-tubes 61 test for purity of 55 washing of 55 Carbon monoxide, effect on bacteria 58 Carney's fixing fluid 202 Casein, non-precipitated, clearing of 267 precipitated, re-solution of 46 separation of, in milk-cultures 46, 67 Cavities produced by bacteria 8 Cell-nucleus 216, 217, 219 Cellulose, in bacteria 219, 254 pure, fermented by bacteria 209 Chains, occurrence of bacteria In 22 Chamberland autoclave 85 Chamberland filter, cleaning of 45, 227 enzymes entangled in walls of 68 penetration of, by bacteria 45, 226 used in study of antagonism 73 Characters, cultural, value of 178 decimal system of recording 175 morphological, value of 176 variation in, due to environment 182, 183 Check-plants, importance of 14, 186 proper behavior of 15, 16 Checking work, necessity for, and methods of. 184 Chemicals, for use in culture-media 97 Chemotropism 27 Chester, decimal system 175 terminology for description of colonies 30 Chlamydothrix 162 Chloroform 74, 250, 254 Chlorozinc-iodide, use in staining anthrax spores 218 Chodat, lactic acid bacteria in cheese 260 Cholera vibrio, cultivation on potato 249 destroyed by river waters in India 251 effect of copper on 250 method of diagnosing and isolating 229 names for 173 Chondromyces 165 Chromatium 164 Chromatium Okenii, cells connected sidewise. 216 Chromic acid, cleaning mixture 200 use in staining spores 218 Chromo-aceto-osmic acid for fixing fluid 202 " Chromo-agars " for differentiation 229 Chromogens, medium for study of 48, 224 Chromoparous bacteria 237 Cladothrix 162 Classifications 154 Classification, iMigula's system 159 Fischer's system 157 INDEX. 273 Page. Classification — continued. water-bacteria 203 Winslow & Rogers 265 with reference to nitrogen-nutrition 175 Cleaning, glassware 100, 226, 227 Cleaning mixture, chromic acid 200 Clostridiutn pasteurianum, separation by heat. 106 Cloth, impervious to light 143 Clouding, nature of, in culture-fluids 42 rapidity of, in culture-fluids 42 Coccaceae, revision of 265 Coccobacteria septica 176 Coconut-water, as a culture-medium 41 Cocothrix 172 Cohn, Bacillus of 158 Bacterium of 166 nutrient solution of 197 rise of temperature in cotton-wool waste. . . 248 Collections, the making of 117 Collodion, sac-method for study of antagonism 73 sacks, preparation of, for dialyzing 37, 229 Colonies, acid-forming, special agar for detection of. 51 characters to be noted on solid media 29 counting of 36 effect of physical conditions on appearance of 182, 183 measurement of 115 photographing of 134 Color-scales, importance of 109 kinds recommended 263 Comma bacillus, classification of 173 Koch's paper on 212 Conditions which are unfavorable, influence on cell-unions 22 Conrad, fermentation of sauerkraut 257 Constancy of characters 183 Contact-irritation 27 Contamination, how to avoid 103 Control-plants, proper behavior of 15, 16 Coplin's staining jar 119 Copper-chrom-filter 201 Copper salts, germicidal value of 251 Copper sulphate 74 Corallin, test for slime derived from starch.. 221 Cotton, dry heating in bulk 99, 101 natural infection in 95 surgeons' absorbent, sterilization of 101 waste, for laboratory use 107 Counting-plates, ruled 36, 227 Cover-glasses, cleaning of 227 Cover-glass preparations 20, 28 Covers, discarded, care of 107 Cramer, resistance of spores to dry heat, cause of 218 Crenothrix 162 Cristiani, bacteria in upper air 255 Page. Cross-inoculations 186 Cross-level 149 Crystals, formation of, in milk-cultures 46 in old cultures 66 prevent making thin sections 122 Cucumber, natural infection in 92,178,215 Cultural characters, value of 178 variations in, due to environment 182, 183 Culture-fluids, cold sterilization of 43, 52 examination of, before inoculation 42 growth in, characters of, to be noted 42 non-synthetic 195 synthetic 197 time required for clouding 42 Culture-media 223 agar-nutrient 31, 195 beef-broth 45, 195 blood-serum 48 containing sugars, sterilization of 98 cooked vegetables for 40 Dunham's solution 195 egg-albumen 48 egg-yolk 49 for luminous bacteria 60, 198 gelatin 29, 196 hydrochloric acid in 98 litmus milk 48, 196 milk 46 non-synthetic 195 plant juices used as 41 preparation and care of 97 protection from light 53 raw, preparation of 41 record-book for 109 silicate-jelly 36, 198 special, for differential purposes 229 starch-jelly 50, 196 sterilization of, in autoclave 98 storage of 99 synthetic 197 titration of 69 Culture-rooms 104 Cultures, elective 106 involution forms in 23 method of keeping notes on 113 methods of testing purity 184, 185 plate, stab and streak 29, 30 preservation of, in museums 262 storage of stock 123, 263 treatment of spilled 107 Cyanophyceae, cilia on side walls of 211 Cystobacter 165, 218 Cytase 67 Dallinger, measurement of unstained flagella, 170, 219 Dallinger & Drysdale, Bacterium termo, fla- gella of 20 Dangeard, green bacteria 237 Dannappel, spores sensitive to heat 22, 246 274 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Dark-room, arrangement of 15° ventilation of 149 d'Arsonval, negative results with ozone 252 osmotic pressure of bacteria 247 Darwin's wax-mixture 200 Dawson, root-tubercles of legumes 64 Davenport & Castle, acclimatization to high temperatures 222 Decimal system of recording characters 175 de Freudenreich, bacteria in mountain air 255 penetration of Chamberland filter by bac- teria 226 Degeneration-forms 23, 177, 252 de Koninck, gas-generator 54 de Lagerheim, macaroni as a culture-medium. 224 Delbrueck, acid fruits, effect on cholera or- ganism 249 Delphinium, bacterial disease of 92, 139 Denitrifying organisms, Giltay & Aberson's culture-medium for 198 Desiccation, effect of 70, 248 Developer, hydrochinon 146, 201 lantern-slide 201 ortol 140 pyrogallol 200, 201 Development of negatives 140 Dewar glasses, for liquid air 80 Dextrin for use in fermentation-tubes 52 Dialyzing, collodion sacks for 37 Diastase 67 Diastasic action, medium for study of 50, 196 Dieudonne, part of spectrum harmful to bac- teria 244 Differentiation of species 25,225,229,230 Dilution method for obtaining pure cultures. . 226 Diphenylamine-test for nitrates 267 Direct-infection experiments, value of 9 Disease, conditions favoring the spread of 93 geographical distribution of 7 meaning of term 4 signs of 7 varietal resistance to 93, 186 Disinfectants 74 for sterilizing surface of diseased material. . 14 literature of 250 Disinfection of hands, wounds, floors, tables, etc 107 Distilled water, of a high degree of purity 129 made in large quantities 124 made in small quantities 128 storage of I26, 129 Distribution, geographical 7 Divided-plate method for study of antago- nism 73 Division of cells, arrangement after 22, 218 Downes & Blunt, discover germicidal action of light 243 Page. Drawings, on photographic prints 151 Dreyer, staining of bacteria in tissues 222 Dreyfuss, cellulose in bacteria 254 Dry air, sensitiveness of bacteria to 71,249 Dubois, fluid medium for luminous bacteria. . 242 Duckwall, method of staining flagella 193 Dunham's solution 19=; Eau de Javelle 207 Economic aspects, conditions favoring spread of disease 91 methods of prevention 93 natural methods of infection 91 need of statistics relating to plant diseases . . 90 Egg-albumen, for culture-media 48 Mayer's i ig Eggs as a culture-medium 224, 225 Egg-yolk, for culture-medium 49 Ehrenberg, Bacterium of 165-169 Spirillum of 173 Ehrlich's anilin-water gentian violet 187 Ehrlich-Weigert anilin methyl violet 187, 188 Elective culture 106 Embedding, method of, for microtome-sec- tions 1 18 Engelmann, green bacteria 236 photometric bacteria 243 Enlargements, photographic 147 Environment, influence on cultural characters . 178, 182, 183, 222 response morphologically to change in . 176, 222 Enzymes, filtering of 68 kinds of 66 nature of 66 not in j ured by dry heat 68 number produced by one organism 68 substances inhibiting action of 68 thermal relations of 67, 233 Errera, India ink in microscopy 226 spirillum of large size 19 Error, methods of guarding against 184 Ether, sulphuric 74, 254 Euspirosoma 161 Ewart, green bacteria 238 Ewell, anaerobic apparatus 56 Exposure scales 143 Exposure, time of, for isochromatic plates 143 for lantern slide 146 for Petri-dish poured plates 134 for photomicrographs 143 for velox paper 151 Faber's pencils for glass no Farmer's reducing solution 142 Favorable influence of one organism on an- other 72,74 Fehling's solution, reaction of peptone with 229 when not usable 208, 234 INDEX. 275 Pane. Feinberg, on existence of nucleus 217 Fermentation, causes of 60 commercial importance of 60 determination of gases produced by 61 effect of calcium carbonate on 6r isolation of products of 61 literature of 232 meaning of term 60 measurement of volume of gas produced. . . 61 observations to be made on 61 of cellulose 209 pectic 257 products of 60, or Fermentation-tubes, absorption of air into closed end of 52 fluids to be used in 52 observations to be made on cultures in 52 style preferred 53 substances to be tested in 52 test for presence of air in closed end 54 wooden rack for 52 Fermented foods, bacteria of 235 Fermi, concentrated solution for silicate-jelly... 39, 197 effect of acids, etc., on bacteria 249 studies of ferment-bacteria 233 Fermi und Montesano, reagent for sugar 234 Fermi und Pernossi, action of heat, light, etc., on enzymes 233 Ferran, aerobic behavior of tetanus 231 Picker, glass, influence of substances dis- solved out of 223 Filaments, bacteria in form of 22 Filters, Berkefeld and Chamberland, for cold steril- ization of fluids 43 Zettnow's copper-chrom 201 Filter-papers, enzymes held in meshes of 68 most convenient form of 34 reaction of 34 Filtration, by means of compressed air, etc 44 inside-out method 43, 226 of milk for culture-media 46 of nutrient-agar 33-35 of thick fluids 69 Fiocca's spore-stain 194 Fischer, A., classification of 157 experiments on plasmolysis 22, 254 flagella-stain 191 subfamilies distinguished by flagella 20 Fischer, B., bacteria in sea-air 255 germicidal action of light through water 244 Fish-parasites 213,214 Fixation of plant material containing bacteria. 8 Fixing fluids 202 Flagella 219 classifications based on 20, 157 earliest demonstrations of 20 stains 20, 190 Page. Flagel la-staining, cultures best suited for 190 literature on 219 technique 189 Flasks, for storing distilled water 120 Flax, retting of 257, 258 Flemming, fixing fluid 202 triple stain 188 Flexner's anilin gentian violet 187 Flocculence in fluid-cultures 22 Florideae, source of agar 32, 224 Fluorescine 65 Focus-difference, with achromatic objectives. 140 Foerster, Chromatium Okenii, cells connected sidewise • 216 Folmer & Schwing, enlarging, reducing, and copying camera 146 Formaldehyd 74 Formalin 74 differential effect on bacteria 229 germicidal action 252, 253 preservation of cultures by use of 263 Formulae 187 Forster, gelatin with high melting point 225 Foth's spore-stain 218 Fractional method of culture. 226 Fraenkel & Voges' solution 197 Frankland, effect of gases on bacteria 231 photographic action of bacteria 242 Frankland & Ward, method for study of an- tagonism 73 Freer & Novy, germicidal action of organic peroxides 253 Freezing 246 effect on anthrax, etc 247 effect on B. typhosus 247, 258 effect on bacteria of pest and diphtheria 247 osmotic pressure a factor in 247 with liquid air 79-83 with salt and ice 83 Frost, antagonism 73 gasometer 61 Friedlaender, acid-fast stain 187 capsule-stain 220 Fribes, retting of flax 257 Fruit-ether-forming bacteria 259 Fuchsin, anilin 187 Fuller's scale 69 Funck, cleaning of cover-glasses 227 Fiirbringer und Freyhan, disinfection of hands 252 Gabbett's stain 188 Gas-analysis 55 Gases, compressed 81 Gas-generator, de Koninck 54 hydrogen, with wash-bottles 55 Kipp 54 Gasometer, Frost s 61 Gas-pressure regulator, Murrill's 78 276 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Gauze, surgeon's, uses in laboratory 102 Gelatin, antiseptic salts in 3° brands recommended for bacteriological work 3 r composition of 30 impurities in 30 melting point of 30 nitrates in 224 per cent recommended for media 30 plate-cultures, stabs, streaks 29 standard nutrient, preparation of 196 sterilization of 98 variation of same organism on 180 with cane-sugar 51 with high melting point 225 with malic acid 51 with soluble starch, etc 51 Gelatinization, of old milk-cultures 46 Gelidium, species, source of agar-agar 31 Generic characters based on morphology 156 Generic names rejected 174 Gentian violet, Ehrlich's anilin-water 187 Flexner's anilin 187 Gerlach, germicidal action of lysol 251 Germicides 74 literature on 250 Germination, spores should be subjected to. . . 21 Gessard, green-fluorescent bacteria 237 Giltay & Aberson, culture-medium for denitri- fying organisms 198 Glassware, cleaning and sterilization of 100 pencils for writing on in solubility of 129, 223 Globig, thermophilic bacteria 248 Glue, blue-pigment bacteria injurious to 237 Glycerin, agar 33, 196 gelatin 262 mounts, sealing of 262 Goriansky, wood-vinegar as a disinfectant. . . . 252 Gram's stain 188 Nicolle's modification • 222 Grape-sugar harmful effect of 223 test for, in plant tissues 208 Green, germicidal value of copper salts 251 Green bacteria 237, 238 Green-fluorescent bacteria 65 Gessard's studies 237 Jordan's studies 238 Thumm's studies 238 Griess-Ilosvay's reagent 229 Grimbert, on value of synthetic media 51 Growth of bacteria, manner and rapidity of 27 on media exhausted for other organisms. . . 211 rates of, in fluid cultures 42 restrained by acid gelatin 30 Grove, glycerin mounts rendered air-tight 262 Gruber, resistance of spores 246 Page. Guillebeau & de Freudenreich, agar made without filtering 223 Haegler, oentrifuging agar 225 Halation, means of avoiding 136 Hallier, views concerning morphology 176 Hands, disinfection of 252 Hanging-drop cultures 22 containing single organism 27 manner and rapidity of growth at given temperatures 27 Hankin, germicidal action of river water 251 Harris, collodion sacs, method of making 229 Haswell, method of substituting alcohol for water 226 Hauser, spore-stain 194 preservation of cultures for museums 263 Heat, as a means of separating organisms 106 as a sterilizer for surface of tissues 13 dry, cause of resistance of spores to 218 effect on pigmentation, pathogenicity, spor- ulation 87 enzymes injured by moist 67 influence of substratum on resistance to. 219, 247 Heidenhain's iron-haematoxylin 189 Heim, anaerobic cultures of 231 Hellstroem, grape-sugar, harmful effect of . . . 223 Hempel, burette for gas-analysis 55 pipette for liquid reagents 55 Henle, on proofs of pathogenesis 9 Herter & Foster's test for indol 201 Hesse, media for water-bacteria 196, 258 method of cultivating anaerobes 230 Hill's hanging-block method 22, 228 Hinterberger, method of staining flagella 220 Hiss, media of, for differentiation of motile bacteria 26 for differentiation of typhoid, colon, and allied bacilli 230 Kitchens, on autoclaving bouillon containing sugar 99 Hoffmann, infiltration in vacuo 226 Hoods, improvised 104 in laboratories 104 Host, color changes in, due to injury other than that caused by parasite 66 due to oxidation phenomena 65 due to parasite 65 Host, reaction to parasitic attack 8 Host-plants, kinds attacked by a single para- site 87 Hydrochloric acid, in culture-media 98 Hydrogen, compressed, where obtained 81 cultures in 56, 57 test for, in fermentation-tubes 61 Hydrogen-cellulose ferment 106, 209 INDEX. Page. Hydrogen generated with zinc 54, SS hydrogen sulphide in, means of avoiding evolution of 56 impurities in 55 removal of last traces of oxygen from 57 washing of 56, 57 Hydrogen peroxide, use in staining spores 218 substance causing liberation of oxygen from 67, 234 Hydrogen sulphide 62, 242, 243 Hypo for fixing 142 Tee, bacteria in 247, 258 India oil-stone 121 Indigo-carmine, reduction of, by bacteria 62 Indigo-blue, production of 257 Indol, production of, media suitable for 62 tests for 62, 201 Infection, carriers of 91, 178, 215 conditions favoring 16 due to ultramicroscopical organisms.... 18,211 natural methods of 8, 92 Infection, stomatal 84, 86, 90, 92, 108, 126 Infection-experiments, value of direct 9 Infectious material, final disposal of 106 Infiltration, in vacuo 8, 226 with paraffin 118 Injection-needle 101, 227 Inoculated organism, method of proving viru- lence 16, 185 Inoculated plants, labeling of 112 Inoculation, cages 108 checks on 16, 186 cross 186 methods of 108 with more or less exact numbers of bac- teria 226 Inoculation-experiments, conditions favoring 16 how carried on 15 importance of 14 where best made 16 with mixed organisms 9, 72 Insects, inoculation by means of. . 91, 108, 178,215 Instruments, sterilization of 100, 107 Intensifying negatives 142 Invertase 66 Investigation, training necessary for 181 Involution-forms 23, 177 Iodine-starch test for nitrites 63 Iron-haematoxylin 188, 189 Irritation, contact 27 Isochromatic plates, for photographing stained sections 140 time of exposure with 143 uses of 136 Isolation of bacteria, from diseased tissues, methods of n on slant agar, etc 227 Page. Twanoff, penetrating power of formalin 252 Jeffer, ruled counting plate 36 Jennings, contact-irritation 27, 254 Johan-Olsen, branching forms 217 Jolles und Winkler, bacteria in oleomarga- rine and butter 259 Jones, enzymes from soft-rot organisms 68 Jordan, pigments produced by green-fluores- cent bacteria 65 Kabrhel, methylen blue as oxygen indicator. . 232 Kaiser, glycerin-gelatin 262 Karten, chemical analysis of agar-agar 32 Kasansky, effect of winter cold on bacteria. . . 247 Kaufmann, method of staining capsules 194 Kedrowski, anaerobes grown with aerobes. . . . 231 Kendall, decimal system 176 Kephir 214 Kern, two endospores in a cell 22 Kipp gas-generator 54 Kitasato flask 68 Klebs, fractional method of culture 226 Klein, A., anaerobic apparatus of 232 spore-stain 219 Klein, L., bacilli bearing green spores 218 Klepzoff, freezing experiments of 246 Knauer, cleaning slides and cover-glasses.... 226 Knives, microtome 122 Koch, A., branching of B. pediculatum 221 Koch, R., comma bacillus of 173 demonstration of flagella by stains 20 importance of photography in microscopic works 23 magnification recommended for photomicro- graphs 24 methods of isolating parasite from tissue, n, 226 paper on tuberculosis 153 rules of proof 18, 226 streak-method of isolating bacteria u, 226 views concerning morphology 176 Konradi, germicidal action of soaps 253 Kraemer, germicidal action of copper 253 Kratschmer und Niemelowicz, stringy bread . . 260 Krause, Bacillus pyocyaneus 223 Krueckmann, preservation of cultures for museums 263 Kuehne, carbol methylene blue 188, 222 malachite green 222 Ktintsler, animal origin of bacteria 264 Kuntze, medium for Bacillus prodigiosus 238 Kuprianow, device for filling test tubes 227 Labels, for tubes, flasks, etc no, in Lab ferment 67 Laboratory, care of 96 equipment of 94 things to be considered in location of 94 Lamella, middle, dissolution of 67 Lamprocystis 163 Lantern-slides, apparatus for making 143, 146 278 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. Lantern-slides — continued. development of 146, 201 exposure of 146 Larkspur, natural infection in 92, 139 Laser, on action of hydrogen peroxide 234 Lautenschlager oven 100 Lead acetate paper 62 Leguminosae, root-tubercle bacilli of, fixation of nitrogen by 64 Moore's culture-medium for 197 Lenses, achromatic, defects of 14° apochromatic, in photomicrography 139 for bacteriological work 23 Lenses, photographic, Goerz 130 Voigtlaender 130 Zeiss Double- Protar 130, 132 Zeiss Planar 132 Zeiss Protar 132 Zeiss Unar 132 Lenticels, natural infection through 92 Lepeschkin, branched form described 218 Leucin 63 Leuconostoc mesenterioides, isolation of 106 Levin, bacteria rare in Arctic 255; Levy, physical properties of enzymes 68 Lewandowski, test for phenol 63 Liborius, oxygen in depths of agar 230 Light, action on bacteria 71, 243, 244 bactericidal action ascribed to hydrogen peroxide 244 germicidal action on dust greatest when moistened 244 germicidal in hydrogen 244 germicidal action in water 244 Light filter for photomicrography, dry 24 Zettnow's 24, 201, 263 Lilac blight 64 Liquefaction in gelatin stab-cultures, characters to be noted 29 interferences of various substances with. ... 29 Liquid air, effect of, on bacteria 79, 247 temperature of 80 Lister, dilution method for obtaining pure cultures 27, 226 Litmus-lactose-agar 33, 196 Litmus milk, cultures in, observations on 48 preparation of 48, 196 Litmus paper, for testing acidity 61 Litmus, reduction of, by bacteria 62 Loeb, typhoid bacillus, branching forms in... 218 Loeffler, alkaline methylene blue 188 extraction of enzymes 68 flagella-stain icjo Loew, culture-medium for Bacillus prodigiosus. . . 239 enzymic fermentation of tobacco 257 Page. London, resistance to starvation 223 Loops, platinum-indium, for making transfers . 43 Loquat, bacterial disease of 88 L6 wit's flagella-stain 192 Luminous bacteria 60, 241 cause of luminosity of 60 culture-medium for 198 Dubois' fluid medium for 242 effect of chlorides on 60 effect of magnesium sulfate on 60 effect of manganese sulfate on 60 effect of potassium iodide on 60 effect of potassium nitrate on 60 effect of potassium sulfate on 60 in or near salt water 60 in sand-fleas 60 Molisch's work on 60 on meat exposed in markets 60 on synthetic media 60 spectrum of 242 thermal relations of 60 Lunt, stock-cultures of water-bacteria, how best kept 263 Lysol, for sterilizing surface of diseased material. 14 germicidal action of 251 Maassen, branching forms produced at will by 23 culture-fluid of 198 fruit-ether-forming bacteria 259 reducing powers of bacteria 62, 243 Mace, recuperation of pigmentation and pathogen- icity 237 ruled counting-plate 36 Macfadyen, effect of liquid air on bacteria 247 thermophilic bacteria 248 Mackensie's culture-fluid 198 Magnesium chloride, effect on luminous bac- teria 60 Magnesium sulfate, effect on luminous bac- teria 60 Magnification, determination of 115 Maize, artificial infection of 90 cross-section of stem 4 natural infection in 92 Malachite green, use of 189, 222 Maltose-agar 33 Manganese sulfate, effect on luminous bac- teria 60 Marmier et Abraham, germicidal action of ozone 252 Marpmann, " chromo-agars " for differentiating 229 germicidal action of sodium fluoride 253 iron bacteria 261 Marsh gas 61,209 Maximum temperature, how determined 75 range of 87 Mayer's culture-fluid 197 Maze, root-tubercle bacteria 240 INDEX. 279 Page. Meat-extracts, bacteria in 260 Media for cultures, agar 31, 195 animal fluids 45 gelatin 29, 196 milk 46, 196 non-synthetic 195 plant juices 41 silicate-jelly 41 special 49 starch-jelly 5°. T96 sterilization of 85 synthetic 49, 197 vegetable media, solid 39 Media free from spores, easy sterilization of. 40,85 Mercaptan 62, 243 Mercuric chloride 74 for sterilizing plants before inoculation. 108, 109 for sterilizing surface of diseased material. 14 germicidal action of 232 in hot alcohol, as a fixing fluid 8 preservation of cultures by use of 263 Messea, classification of 20, 264 Mctcalf, bacillus softening agar 32 Meters, for photographic exposures 143 Methane-cellulose ferment 106 Methods of work, checking 184 literature on 226 Methylene blue, as a test for free oxygen 57, 232 Loeffler's alkaline 188 reduction of, by bacteria 62, 239 Methyl violet, as a germicide 74 Meyer, effect of liquid air on bacteria 247 Michaelis, thermophilic bacteria 248 Micrococcus 160 Micrococcus progrediens, small size of 18 Micrometers, stage 115 Micro-organisms, cell-life without 211 Microscope, achromatic objectives for 140, 265 apochromatic objectives for 130 for recording exact location of desirable fields 129 Leitz 129 oculars 130 Spencer 129 Zeiss, for bacteriological investigations 129 Zeiss, for photomicrographic work 129 Microspira 161, 172 Microtome, kind preferred 122 Microtome-knives 122 Microtome-sections, cutting and care of 119 mounting of 119 staining of 119, 120 Microzymas of Bechamp 176 Migula, classification of 159 Milk, a good culture-medium 47 anaerobes in 46 Page. Milk — continued. clearing of 46, 267 coagulation of, by bacteria 67 enormous numbers of bacteria in 196 litmus 196 observations to be made on cultures in 46 preparation of, for culture-medium 46 reddened by bacteria 259 resistant spores in 46 ropiness in 259, 260 sterilization of 46, 98 temperature governs bacterial multiplica- tion in 260 Minervini, bactericidal action of alcohol 252 Minimum temperature, for growth, how determined 76 range of 87 Miquel, bacteria in sea-air 255 thermophilic bacteria 247, 248 Mixed cultures, behavior of 72 Moller's spore-stain 218 Molisch, on luminous bacteria 60 Monas 173 Moore, A., capsule-stain 221 Moore, G. T., copper sulphate as a germicide 74 culture-medium for root-tubercle bacilli. ... 197 root-tubercle bacteria 241 soil-inoculation for legumes 64 Moore, V. A., flagella-stain 190 Moore & Kellerman, action of copper on B. typhosus in water 97 Morphological characters, change in, due to changed environment 222 value of 176 Morphology 19 extreme views concerning 176 general account of 18 generic characters should be based on 156 insufficient for differentiation of many spe- cies 25 literature on 215 modern views concerning 177 Morton, flagella-stain 220 Motility of bacteria 26 Motor-reflex in bacteria 254 Mueller, bacterial reduction processes 239 Miiller, genus Vibrio 172 Muir, capsule-stain 194 Murrill, gas-pressure regulator 78 Museums, preservation of cultures for. . . 262, 263 Mustard, natural infection in 92 Mycobacterium 172 Myconostoc 161 Myxobacter 165 Myxobacteriaceae, characters of 164 Myxococcus 165 Naegeli's nutrient solution 197 Nakanishi, nucleus, existence of, in bacteria. . 217 Nectaries, natural infection through 92 Needle-punctures, inoculation by 108 280 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. Page. 