None
[B, 4, 5.] — B. anhydride. Fr.. anhydride benxoique. Ger., Ben- zoesciure-Anhydrid. It., anidride benzoica. The anhydride of b. acid, C14HI9O3 = CgH6.CO- O- CO.CgHj ; forming prismatic crystals. [B, 4.]— B. bromide. See BENZOYL bromide.— B. chlor- ide. See BENZOYL chloride.— B* iodide. See BENZYLIDENE iodo- benzoate.— German b. acid. A commercial name for b. acid ob- tained from the urine of cattle. [B.]— Troches of b. acid. See Trochisci ACIDI BENZOICI. BENZOICIN, n. Be2nz-o'i2s-i2n. See BENZOYCIN. BENZOICUM (Lat.), n. n. Be2nz-o(o2)'i2k u3m(u4m). Benzoin. [B.] BENZOICUS (Lat.), adj. Be2nz-o(o»)'i2k-uss(u<s). Benzoic; with the name of a base, the benzoate of that base. BENZOIFEKA (Lat.), n. f. Be2nz-o(o2)-i2f e2r-a3. From ben- zoinum, benzoin, and ferre, to bear. See STYRAX benzoin. BENZOILIC ACID, n. Be2nz-o-i2l'i2k. See BENZOLEIC ACID. BENZOIN, n. Bean'zo-i2n. Ar., benzoi. Lat.. benzoin (2d def.), benzoinum [U. S. Ph., Br. Ph.], benzoe [Ger. Ph., Austr. Ph., Netherl. Ph., Swiss Ph., Gr. Ph.], resina benzoe [Dan. Ph., Finn Ph., Norweg. Ph., Russ. Ph., Swed. Ph.], benzoina (3d def.), asa dulcis, Fr., benjoin [Fr. Cod.], benzoine (3d def.). Ger., Benzoe. Benzoin. (3d def.). It., benzoe. belzuino, benzoina (3d def.). Sp., benjui [Sp. Ph.]. 1. A resinous substance that exudes from incisions into the bark of the Styrax b. It occurs in commerce in the form of round- ed or angular, light-colored tears imbedded in a homogeneous ma- trix, the relative proportion and the physical qualities of each varying in the different kinds. B. is insoluble in cold water, yields benzoic acid in boiling water, and is partially soluble in ether and readily soluble in alcohol and in chloroform. It contains from 70 to 80 per cent, of an amorphous resin, from 14 to 18 or even 24 per cent, of benzoic acid, more or less cinnamic acid, small quantities of benzyl benzoate and vanillin, and some residual matter insoluble in alcohol. This last should not exceed 8 or 12 per cent., and some pharmacopoeias require b. to be free from cinnamic acid. B. is employed as an antiseptic and vulnerary and in pulmonary affec- tions, especially by inhalation, and was formerly much used in tor- pidity of the abdominal viscera and in skin diseases. [B, 180. 270.] See Tinctura BENZOINI, Tinctura BENZOINI composita, and ADEPS benzoinatus. 2. A genus of lauraceous shrubs and trees established by Nees. [B, 19, 34.] 3. A substance, CuH^O, = C6H6 - CO - CH(OH).CjH6, obtained by the action of an afconolic solution of potassium cyanide on benzoic aldehyde : colorless prismatic crys- tals sparingly soluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether. [B, 4.] — Acid of b. Lat., sal acidum benzoes. Benzoic acid. [B, 86.] — Amygdaloid b. Lat., benzoe amygdaloides [Austr. Ph., Belg. Ph.]. Fr., benjoin amygdalo'ide. Ger., Mandelbenzoe. B. (1st def.) consisting almost entirely of agglomerated tears, the inter- vening matrix being scanty. [B, 95, 180.] — Belly b. Ger., Bauch- benzoe. A variety of b. (1st def.) obtained from the tree in the six or seven years after it has ceased to yield head b. It contains fewer tears than the latter. [B,81.]— B. gum. See B. (1st def.).— B. in tears. Lat., benzoe in lacrimis [Swiss Ph.]. Fr., benjoin en larmes. Ger., Thranenbenzoe. Amygdaloid b., also b. (1st def.) in separate tears. [B, 81.]— B.-tree. See STYHAX 6.— Block b. Lat., benzoe in massis. Ger., Blockbenzoe. B. (1st def.) occurring in large blocks or masses. [B, 270.]— Common b. Lat., benzoe vulgaris. Ger., gemeine Benzoe. B. (1st def .) occurring in masses in which the matrix predominates over the tears. When, in addi- tion, it contains cavities and air-bubbles, it is the benzoe in sortis (Fr., benjoin en sorte). Less esteemed than amygdaloid b. [B, 180.]— Compound tincture of b. See Tinctura BENZOINI com- posita.— Empyreumatic oil of b. Fr., huile pyrogeiiee de ben- join. An empyreumatic oil obtained by distilling b. (1st def.) on a sand bath ; used as an embrocation in articular affections. [B, 92.] —False b. An Isle of Bourbon name for the Terminalia mau- ritiana. [B, 19.]— Flowers of b. Int., flores benzoes. Fr,.fleurs de benjoin. Ger., Benzoeblumen. It., fiori di benzoe. Benzoic acid obtained by the sublimation of b. (1st def.). [B.]— Foot b. Ger., Fussbenzoe. An inferior variety of b. (1st def.) obtained from the tree after it has been felled. [B, 81.]— Gum b. See B. (1st def.).— Head b. Ger.. Kopfbenzoe. The variety of b. (1st def.) ob- tained from the tree during the first three years of its yield. It contains a large number of white tears, and is regarded as of supe- rior quality. [B, 81.]— Oil of b. Fr., huile de benjoin. See Em- pyreumatic oil of 6.— Ointment of b. [U. S. Ph., 1870]. See ADEPS benzoinatus. — Palenbang b. A variety of b. (1st def.) much resembling Sumatra b. [B, 5.]— Siam b. Fr., benjoin de Siam [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Siam-Benzoe. It., belzuino di Siam. The most valuable kind of b. (1st def.) and the only one recognized in the Dan. Ph., Norweg. Ph., Swed. Ph., Hung. Ph., and Ger. Ph., 1st ed. It occurs in agglomerated or discrete tears, which are brown or reddish externally, and milky or gray within when first broken, becoming darker on exposure. It is darkerncolored and more lus- trous than Sumatra b., has a strong vanilla-like odor, and melts at 75° C. [B, 270.]— Spirit of b. Lat., spiritus benzoini. An acid spirit which comes over with the empyreumatic oil of b. on dis- tillation. [B, 200.] -Sumatra b. Fr., benjoin de Sumatra [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Sumatra-Benzoe. It., belzuino di Sumatra. The variety of b. (1st def.) ordinarily met with in commerce, occurring in tears imbedded in a reddish or brownish, porous, friable matrix. The tears are translucent at the edges, and the freshly fractured surface is whitish and of a waxy lustre. The tears melt at 85° C., and the matrix melts at 95°. [B, 270.]— Tincture of b. See Tinc- tura BENZOINI. BENZOIN (Lat.), n. n. Be2nz'o(oa)-i2n. Gen., benzoi'nis. See B. Eng. (1st and 2d defs).— B. odoriferum [Nees]. Syn. : Lau- rus b. [Linnaeus]. The fever-bush, bush-allspice ; a shrub from 6 to 12 feet high, with obovate-lanceolate deciduous leaves, and pedi- celled yellow flowers in sessile umbels, growing in the United States and Canada. The bark is aromatic, and is said to be stimulant and tonic ; the berries have been used as a substitute for allspice. [B, 19, 34.]— B. offlcinale [Hayne]. See STYRAX 6.— Essentia b'is, Tinctura b'is. See Tinctura BENZOINI. BENZOIN (Ger.), n. Be2ntz-o-en'. See B.. Eng. (3d def.). BENZOIN (Fr.), adj. Ba3ns-zo-a*na. See BENZOINUS. BENZOINA (Lat.), n. f. Be»nz-o(o2)-i(e)'na». See BENZOIN. Eng. (3d def.). BENZOINAM, n. Be2nz-o'isn-a2m. Fr., benzo'iname. A white O, no; Qa, not; Oa, whole; Th, thin; Th2, the; U, like QQ in too; U2, blue; Us, lull; U«, full; U», urn; U«, like U (German). BENZOIN AMIDE BENZYL 632 micro-crystalline inodorous powder, C8gH24N,iO, obtained by heat- ing benzoin (3d def .) with an alcoholic solution of ammonia. [B, 2.] BENZOINAMIDE, n. Be2nz-o-i2n'a2m-i2d. Fr., benzoin- amide. A white, tasteless, inodorous powder, C42HsaN4, obtained by the action of an aqueous solution of ammonia on benzoin (3d def.). [B, 2.1 BENZOINATED, adj. Beanz'o-ian-at-ead. Lat., benzoinatus [U. S. Ph.], benzoatus [Br. Ph.J. Fr., benzo'ine. Ger., benzo'inirt. It.,benzoato. Sp., benzoado. Syn.: benzoated. Containing or pre- pared with benzoin. [B.] See ADEPS benzoinatus. BENZOINE (Fr.), n. Ba3n2z-o-en. See BENZOIN (3d def.). BENZOINE (Fr.), adj. Ba3n2z-o-en-a. See BENZOINATED. BENZOINE.E (Lat.), n. f. pi. Be2nz-o(o2)-i2n'e2-e(a3-ea). Of Reichenbach, a subdivision of lauraceous plants, comprising the genera Benzoin and Sassafras. [B, 170.] BENZOINIFERA (Lat.), n. f. Be2nz-o(o2)-ian-i2f e2r-a3. From benzoe, benzoin, and /erre, to bear. The Styrax benzoin. [B, 200. J BENZOINIMIDE, n. Beanz-o-ian'iam-i2d(id). A substance, C,4H,,N, formed by the action of ammonia on benzoin (3d def.). [B, 196.] BENZOINIRT (Ger.), adj. Be2ntz-o-en-ert'. See BENZOINATED. BENZOINITRIC, adj. Beanz-o-ia-ni'triak. See NITROBEN- ZINIC. BENZOINUM [U. S. Ph., Br. Ph.] (Lat.), n. n. Be»nz-o(oa)-i(e)'- nu3m(nu4m). See BENZOIN (1st def.).— Aciduni benzoini. Ben- zoic acid. [B.]— Arbor benzoini. The Styrax benzoin. [B.]— Benzoini oleum. See Empyreumatic oil of BENZOIN. — B. verum. See BENZOIN (1st def.). — Flores benzoini. See Flowers of BENZOIN. —Oleum benzoini. See Empyreumatic oil of BENZOIN. — Pulvis benzoini [Fr. Cod.]. See Poudre de BENJOIN. — Spiritus benzoini. See Spirit of BENZOIN.— Tinctura benzoini [U. S. Ph.]. Fr., tein- ture de benjoin [Fr. Cod.]. Syn.: tinctura benzoes [Ger. Ph.]. A fil- tered solution of 1 part of benzoin (1st def.) in 4 [U. S. Ph.] or 5 [Fr. Cod., Ger. Ph ] parts of alcohol. [B, 81, 113, 205.]— Tinctura ben- zoini composita [U. S. Ph., Br. Ph.]. Fr., teinture balsamique [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., zusammengesetzte Benzoetinctur. It., tintura di benzoe composta. Syn. : tinctura balsamica, essentia bal- samica. A preparation made up of 12 parts of benzoin, 2 of puri- fied aloes, 8 of storax, 4 of balsam of Tolu, and enough alcohol to make 100 parts [U. S. Ph.] ; or of 2 oz. of benzoin, H oz. of pre- pared storax, J oz. of balsam of Tolu, and 160 grains of socotrme aloes dissolved in 1 pint of rectified spirit [Br. Ph.] ; or of a tincture prepared by macerating 1 part of angelica root and 2 parts of the flowering part of St. John's-wort in 72 parts of alcohol, adding 1 part each of aloes, myrrh, and olibanum and 6 parts each of bal- sam of Tolu and benzoin [Fr. Cod.]. Similar preparations, in some of which balsam of Peru was substituted for balsam of Tolu, have been official in a great number of formularies under various names, such as Friar's balsam (balsamum Friardi), Turlington's, Jesuits', Vervain's, Saint Victor's, Persian, and Swedish balsam, balsamum commendatoris (seu innocentium, seu catholicon, seu traumati- cum, seu vulnerarium, seu persicum), elixir traumaticum, etc. A similar preparation was the baume vulneraire de Burrhus. It is a reddish acid liquid, much employed as an application to ulcers, bed-sores, cracked nipples, excoriations, etc.. and used internally and by inhalation in respiratory and urinary disorders. [B, 81, 113, 119.]— Unguentum benzoini [U. S. Ph., 1870]. See ADEPS ben- zoinatus. BENZOINUS (Lat.), adj. BENZOIC. Beanz-o(o2)-i(e)'nu3s(nu4s). See BENZOL, n. Beanz'oal. Fr., benzol, benzole. Ger., Benzol. See BENZENE.— B'dicarboiisaure (Ger.). Phthalic acid. [B, 196.] — B'disulphonic acid. Ger., B'disulfonsdure. See BENZENEDI- SCLPHONIC ACID.— B'hexacarbonsaure (Ger.). Mellitic acid. [B, 196.]— B'hexachlorur (Ger.). See BENZENE hexachloride. — B'- hexahydrat (Ger.). See BENZENE hexahydrate.— B'hexahydriir (Ger.). See BENZENE hexahydride. — B'metadisulfonsaure(Ger.). Metabenzenedisulphonic acid. [B.] See under BENZENEdtsuZpJionic acid.— B'monocarbonsaure (Ger.). Benzoic acid. [B, 196.]— B'orthodisulfonsaure (Ger.). Orthobenzenedisulphonic acid. [B.] See under REKZEXEdisulphonic acid.— B'paradisulfonsaure (Ger.). Parabenzenedisulphonic acid. [B.] See under BENZENE- disulphonic acid.— B'schweflige Saure (Ger.), B'sulfinsaure (Ger.). Benzenesulphinic acid. [B, 4.] — B'tetracarbonsaure (Ger.). Prehnitic acid. [B, 196.]— B'tricarbonsaure (Ger.). See BENZENEMearbpmc acid. — B'tricliloriirtrihydrat (Ger.). Ben- zene trichlorotrihydrate. [B, 4.] — B'trisulfonsaure (Ger.). Ben- zenetrisulphonic acid. [B.] BENZOLACTATE, n. Beanz-o-laak'tat. A salt of benzolactic acid. [B, 2.] BENZOLACTIC ACID, n. Beanz-o-la%'ti2k. Fr., acide benzolactique. Ger., Benzomilchsaure. A crystalline substance, C,oH1004=C,H4-(C6H6.CO)-CO.OH, being lactic acid in which benzoyl replaces basic hydrogen, obtained by heating a mixture of lactic and benzole acids on an oil bath. [B, 2.] BENZOLE, n. Beanz'ol. Fr., benzole. Ger., Benzol. See BENZENE. BENZOLEIC ACID, n. Beanz-o-le'i«k. Fr.. aa'de benzolrtfine. Syn. : benzoilic (or hydrobenzoic) acid. An acid, C7H10O2=CgH,,.- CO.OH, derived from benzoic acid by the action of sodium amal- gam ; an oily liquid which, on exposure to the air, is converted into benzoic acid. [B, 2, 4, 93.] BENZOLENE, n. Be2nz'o2l-en. Graebe's name for a sub- stance of the formula C6H,2. [B, 196.] BENZOLEUM (Lat.), n. n. Beanz-ol(oal)'e2-u3m(u4m). See BENZENE. BENZOLIN, n. Beanz'oal-ian. 1. See LIOROIN. 2. Graebe's name for a substance of the formula C8H10. [B, 196.] BENZOL1NE, n. Beanz'oal-en. See AMARINE. BENZOLONE, n. Be2nz'o2l-on. 1. A crystallizable substance, probably CjiHI6Oa, produced by the decomposition of hydrobenza- niide. [B, a.J 2. (jraebe's name for a substance of the formula C,H8. [B, 196.] BENZOLUM [Swiss Ph.] (Lat.), n. n. Be2nz'o2l-u3m(u4m). See BENZENE. BENZOMERCUR AMIDE, n. Beanz-o-mu8r-ku2r'a2m-iad(id). A mercurial derivative of benzamide, Ci4H12Hg"NoO4 = (N.C7H6- O.H)gHg". [A,l.] BENZOMILCHSAUKE (Ger.), n. Beantz-o-mialcha'zoir-ea. Benzolactic acid. [B, 196.] BENZONE, n. Beanz'on. See BENZOPHENONE. BENZONITKANISIDE, n. Beanz-o-ni-traan'ias-i"d(id). A de- rivative of nitranisidine, C14Hj.jN.,O4 = N.C7H6O.C7HS(NOS)O.H, analogous to benzamide. [A, l.J BENZONITKILE, n. Beanz-o-ni'trial. Ger., Benzonitril. Syn.: phenyl cyanide. A colorless oily liquid, CTH6N or C»H6.CN. [B, 4.] BENZONUM (Lat.), n. n. Beanz'oan-u3m(u4m). See BENZO- PHENONE. BENZOPHENIDE, n. Beanz-oaf'ean'iad(id). See PHENYL ben- zoate. BENZOPHENONE, n. Beanz-o2f'ean-on. Lat., benzopheno- num. Fr., benzophenone. Ger., Benzophenon. Syn. : benzone, diphenyl ketone. A ketone, C»H6 — CO — C«HB =Ci «H, 0O, forming prismatic crystals insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. [B, 4.] BENZOPINACONE, BENZOPINAKONE, n's. Beanz o pin'a3-kon. A micro-crystalline substance, C28H20O.j, produced by the action of nascent hydrogen on benzophenone ; converted by distillation into an isomeric form, isobenzopinacone, a thick, color- less, highly refracting liquid. [B, 93, 196.] BENZOPINITE, n. Beanz-o-pin'it. A product of the action of benzoic acid on pinite. [B, 158.] See DIBENZOPINITE and TETRA- BENZOPINITE. BENZOPURPURIN, n. Beanz-o-pu5r'pu2-ri!ln. A dark-red powder of the composition NaO.SO. - NH, - Ci0H6.Nn N - C»H7 - C6HT - N — N.doHj.NHj - SO,.ONa. [B, 258. J BENZOQUERCITE, n. Be2nz-o-kwu5r'sit. A product of the action of benzoic acid on quercite. [B, 158.] See DIBENZOO.UERCITE. BENZOQUINOLINECARBONIC ACID, n. Be2nz-o-kwian- o-len-kasr-bo2n'i2k. See QuiNOLiNEbenzocarbonto acid. BENZOQUINONE, n. Be2nz-o2k'wian-on. See QUINONE. BENZOSAL.ICIN, n. Beanz-o-sa2l'ias-ian. Lat., benzosalici- num. Yr.,benzo-jtalicine. Ger.. Benzosalicin. Populin ; so called because it may be regarded as salicin with an atom of hydrogen replaced by benzoyl. [B, 158.] BENZOSALICYL.AMIC ACID, n. Beanz-o-sa2l-i2-si2l-a2m'i2k. See BENZOSALICYLAMIDE. BENZOSALICYLAMIDE, n. Be2nz-o-sa2l-ia-si2l'a2m-i2d(id). A salicyl derivative of benzamide, C14H,NO.,^N.CTH6O.C7H4O". It acts as a monobasic acid, forming salts with metals. [B, 2.] BENZOSALICYLIC ACID, n. Be2nz-o-sa2l-i2-sial'iak. Fr., acide benzo-salicylique. A substance, C14H10O4=CgHs(C«HB.CO) — CO.OH or CgH4(C6H6.CO) — CO. O, occurring as a viscous mass formed by the action of benzoyl chloride upon potassium salicylate. [B, 2.] BENZOSTILBIN, n. Beanz-o-sti2l'bian. A crystallizable sub- stance, perhaps C,4H10O, obtained by the decomposition of hydro- benzamide. [B, 2.) BENZOSULPHATE, n. Beanz-q-su3lf'at. Fr., benzosulfate. A salt of benzosulphuric (sulphobenzoic) acid. [A, 385.] BENZOSULPHURIC ACID, n. Be2nz-o-su3lf-u2'ri2k. Fr., acide benzosulfurique. See SULPHOBENZOIC ACID. BENZOTHIAMIDE, n. Be2nz-o-thi'aam-iad(id). See THIOBEN- ZAMIDE. BENZOTRICHLORIDE, n. Be2nz-o-tri-klo'ri2d(rid). Ger., Benzotrichlorur. A compound, C6HB.CC13, produced by the action of phosphoric chloride on chlorbenzoyl ; a liquid boiling at 213° or 214° C. [B, 4.] BENZOTRIQUINONE, n. Be2nz-o-tri'kwian-on. Syn. : tri- quinoyl. A substance, C6Og + 8H2O, obtained by the oxidation of hexahydroxybenzene or of tetrahydroxyquinone, forming minute, colorless acicular crystals nearly insoluble in water and in alcohol. [B, 3.] BENZOURIC ACID, n. Be2nz-o-ua'ri2k. Fr., acide benzo- urique. See HIPPURIC ACID. BENZOXYCARBOSTYRIL,, n. Beanz-o2x-i2-ka3rb-o2s/ti2r-ial. See DIOXYQUINOLINE. BENZOYCIN, n. Beanz-o'i2s-ian. Fr., benzoycine. Monoben- zoycin ; a glyceride of benzoic acid. CioH,2O4=CsHB(OH)2(C,)H6.- CO.O), a pale, viscid, oily liquid of a bitter aromatic taste and a sp. gr. of 1-228, very soluble in alcohol and in ether. [B, 2.] See also TRIBENZOYCIN. BENZOYL, n. Beauz'o-ial. Lat.. benzoylium. Fr., benzoyle. Ger., Benzoyl. The radicle, C,HB.CO, of benzoic acid. [B.] — B'acetic acid. Fr.. acide benzorl-acetique. Ger., B'essigsaure. Syu. : benzacetic acid. A supposititious acid having the composi- tion of acetic acid in which b. replaces hydrogen, CH2(C»HS.CO) — CO.OH ; known only by its derivatives. [B, 2.] See AMIDOBENZOYL- ACETIC ACID and NITROBENZOYLACETIC ACID.— B'acetoacetate. An acetoacetate in which a molecule of b. replaces an atom of hydro- gen. [B, 2.] — B'aconine. See ACONITINE.— B'apoaconine. See A, ape; Aa, at; A», ah; A4, all; Ch, chin; Ch2, loch (Scottish); E, he; E2, ell; G, go; I, die; I2, in; N, in; N", tank; 633 BENZOIN AMIDE BENZYL APOACONITINE.- B'amide. See BENZAMIDE.— B. and hydrogen nitride. See BENZAMIDE.— B'apoacoiiitine. Syn.: dib'apoaco- nine. A base, C28H3BNO7(O)(O — CO.C8HB) (O — CO.C9HB), being apoaconitine in which b. replaces one atom of the hydroxylic hydrogen. [" Her. d. dtsch. chem. Gesellsch.," 1878, p. 1267 (B).J— B'apopseudaconine. A base, C27H37NO6(O)(O — C8H6.CO) — (OH) = C14H4,NOo, being apopseudaconine in which b. replaces hydrogen |" Ber. d. dtsch. chem. Gesellsch.," 1878, p. 1267 (B).] — B'apopseudaconitine. A crystallizable base, C38H48(C8HB.- CO)NOn, being apopseudaconitine in which b. replaces hydrogen, formed by treating the former with benzoic aldehyde. ["Ber. d. dtsch. Gesellsch.," 1878, p. 1267 (B).]— B'azotide. A substance, C15H12N2, occurring as a white, tasteless, odorless, microcrystal- line powder, obtained by the action of ammonia on oil of bitter almonds. [B, 2.]— B. benzoate. Benzoic anhydride. [B, 2.]— B'benzoic acid. Fr., acide b.-benzo'ique. Ger., B'benzoesaure. A monobasic acid, C,4H,0O3=C8H4(C8HB.CO),CO.OH, being benzoic acid in which b. replaces hydrogen ; small, silky acicular or lami- nar crystals or a gelatinous precipitate. [B, 2.] — B. bromide. A colorless, pungent liquid, C8HB.CO.Br, of the sp. gr. of 1'570. ["Proc. of the Am. Pharm. Assoc.," xxx, p. 385 (B).]— B. carba- mide. See B'urea.— B'chiiiin (Ger.). See B'quinine.— B'chino- lin (Ger.). See B'oxyquinoline.—'R. chloride. Fr., chlorure de benzoyle. Ger., B'chtoriir. See CHLORBENZOYL.— B'ecgonine. Fr., b.-ecgonine. Ger., B'ecgonin. A substance, C18H,8NO4, oc- curring in coca leaves, along with cocaine, and transformed into the latter by treatment with methyl iodide ; prismatic crystals melting between 90° and 92° C., readily soluble in water, soluble with difficulty in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. In physiologi- cal action it is quite different from cocaine, but resembles caf- feine. [Merck, "Dtsch. Med.-Ztg.," Feb. 11, 1886, p. 137 ; R. Stock- man, "Pharm. Jour, and Trans.," Apr. 24, 1886, cited in "Therap. Gaz.," June, 1886, p. 391; B, 270.] — B'essigsaure (Ger.). See B'acetic acid.— B'eugenol. Ger., B.-Eugenolester. A substance, C17H18O3 = C,0HU(C8H6.CO)O2, prepared by the action of chlorb1 on eugenol ; colorless acicular crystals. [B, 4.] — B'glycocine. Ger., B'glycocoll. Hippuric acid. [B, 4.]— B'harnstoff (Ger.). See B'urea.— B'helicin. See BENZOHELICIN.— B. hydrate. Ben- zoic acid. The term is also applied to benzoic aldehyde, but im- properly. [B.]— B. hydride. Ger., B'hydriir. Benzoic aldehyde. [B, 4.] — B'metaoxyquinoline. Fr.,b.-metaoxyquinoleine. Ger., B' metaoxychinolin. See B'oxyquinoline.— B'methylecgonine. Fr., b.-methyl-ecgonine. Ger., B'methylecgonin. A name expressive of the constitution of cocaine regarded as a derivative of ecgonine in which 2 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by a molecule of b. and one of methyl, C,(CH3)(C8HS.CO)H,3NO3 = C17H.,,NO4. [B.] See ECGONINE and COCAINE. — B'orthoxyquinoline. Fr., b.-or- thoxyquinoleine. Ger., B'orthoxychinolin. See B'oxyquinoline. — B'oxyquinoline. Fr., b.-oxyquinoleine. Ger., B'oxychinolin. A substitution compound of quinoline in which oxygen and b. replace hydrogen. Three isomeric varieties are known : 1. B^orthoxy quino- line, C8[H,H,H,O — CO.C8HB,N = CH — CH = CH,— ,], a substance forming shining crystals. 2. B'paroxyquinoline, C8[H,O — CO.- C8HB,H,H,N = CH — CH = CH, — ,], forming white acicular crystals. 3. B'metaoxyquinoline, probably C8[O — CO.C8HB,H,H,H,N = CH — CH = CH,— ,], forming colorless prismatic crystals. [B, 79.]— B'paroxyquinoline. Fr., b.-paroxyquinoleine. Ger., B'paroxy- chinolin. See B'quinoline.—B. persulphide. A substance, CJ4- HioO.,Sa = C8HB.CO — S — S — CO.C8H8, formed by the oxidation of thiobenzoic acid. [B, 4.] — B'piperidiue. Fr., b. -piper idine. Ger., B'piperidin. A substitution product of piperidine, forming color- less columnar crystals, C12H, 5NO = C5H,0(CO.C8HB)N. [B, 79.]— B'piperylhydraziiie. Fr., b.-piperylhydrazine. Ger., B'piperyl- hydrazin. A substance, C12H18N2O = CBH,0N — NH — CO.C8HB, forming shining scales. [B, 79.J— B'quinine. Fr., b.-quinine. Ger., B'chinin. A substitution compound of quinine in which b. replaces hydrogen, C27H28N2O3 = C20H23(C8HB.CO)N2O3. [B, 4.]— B'resorcin. A derivative of b. and resorcin ; a highly colored, thick, oily liquid, heavier than water and insoluble in that liquid, but dissolving in alcohol to form a yellow solution which shows a green fluorescence. ["Proc. of the Am. Pharm. Assoc.," xxvi, p. 625 (B).]— B'salicin. Fr., b.-salicine. Ger., B'salicin. See POPU- LIN.— B'salicylamide. Ger., B'salicylamid. An amide, C,4HijNO., formed by the action of b. chloride on salicylamide. [B.]— B'salf- cylol. A thick oily liquid, C,4H,0OB, obtained by the action of b. chloride on sodium salicylide. [B, 93.]— B'salicylonitrile. A substance, Ci4H,NO2, formed by the action of heat on b'salicyla- mide. [B, 93.] — B'sulphonic acid. Fr., acide b.-sulfonique. Ger., B'sulfonsdure. An acid, C7H,SOB = C8HB — CO — SO3.OH, forming prismatic crystals, produced by the action of sulphuric acid on b. chloride ; isomeric with sulphobenzoic acid and readily convertible into that body. [B, 2.]— B'tetrahydroqulnoline. Fr., b.-tetrahydroquinoleine. Ger., B'tetrahydrochinolin. A sub- stitution compound of tetrahydroquinoline in which b. replaces hydrogen, Ci,HlsNO = C»H7.H3(CO.C8HB), forming large colorless crystals. [B, 79.]— B'tropeine. A substitution compound of b. and tropeine, Cr6H2,NOa. [" Proc. of the Am. Pharm. Assoc.," xxix, p. 337 (B).]— B'tropine. A crystalline substance having the com- position of tropine in which b. replaces hydrogen ; not a mydriatic. ["Proc. of the Am. Pharm. Assoc.," xxv, p. 308 (B).]— B'urea. Syn.: benzureide. A crystalline substance, CaH8NoO2 = NH2 — CO — NH(C«H5.CO), obtained by the action of b. chloride on urea. [B, 2.]— B'ureide. Fr., b.-ureide. Ger., B'ureid. A white, taste- less, odorless amorphous powder. Co6H.,8NgO4, obtained by the action of benzoie aldehyde on urea. [B, 2.fj- B'wasserstoff (Ger.). Benzoic aldehyde. [B.]— Hydrated b. Benzoic acid. [L, 120.] — Methylb'ecgonine. See fTmethylecgonine. BENZOYL.ATE, n. Be*nz-o'Pl-at." See BENZOATE. BENZOYLIC, adj. B3snz-o-i2l'ilk. Lat., benzoilicus. See BENZOIC. BENZOYLIUM (Lat.), n. n. Beanz-o(oa)-ial(.u«l)'i2-u3m(u4m). Benzoyl. [L, 81.] BENZULE, n. Beanz'ual. See BENZOYL. BENZULMIC ACID, n. Beanz'u3l'mi%. A dibasic acid, C14H,0O8, obtained, along with oxybenzoic acid, when amidoben- zoic acid is treated with nitrous acid. [B, 93.] BENZUREIDE, n. Beanz-ua-re'iad(id). Fr., benzureide. Ger., Benzureid. A substance formed by the action of urea on benzoic aldehyde in alcoholic solution. [B.] See BENzoYLwrea, BENZODI- UREIDE and DlBENZOTRIUREIDE. BENZYDROL,, n. Beanz-i'dro2l. See BENZHYDROL. BENZYHYDROXAMIC ACID, n. Be2nz-ia-hi-droax-a2m'i»k. Fr., acide benzy-hydroxamique. Ger., Benzyhydroxaminsaure. A monobasic acid, NH2(C7HBO)O = C7H7NO2, being hydroxylamine in which an atom of hydrogen is replaced by a molecule of benzoyl; colorless laminar crystals. [B, 2.] BENZYL, n. Be2nz'ial. Fr., benzile, benzyle. Ger., Benzyl. It., benzile. A univalent radicle. C8HB.CHj_, to which the symbol Bz was formerly given. [B, 4, 118.]— Acid b. sulphite. See B'sulphurous acid. — B. acetate. Fr., acetate de benzile. Ger., Essigsaure-B'ester. A liquid, C8HB.CH., — (C2H3O2), of hyacinthine odor, boiling at 210° C. [B, 4.]— B'acetoacetate. An acetoace- tate in which b. replaces an atom of hydrogen. [B, 2.]— B. alcohol. Fr., alcool benzylique. Ger., Benzalkohol. Syn.: phenylcarbinol, phenylmethy I alcohol. A colorless oily liquid, C8HB.CH2. OH, freely soluble in alcohol and in ether, boiling at 206° or 207° C., found in balsam of Peru, balsam of Tolu, and styrax. and obtainable by the action of alcoholic potash on oil of bitter almonds. It is isomeric with cresol, and may be regarded as methyl alcohol in which phenyl replaces hydrogen. [B, 4.]— B'amine. Fr., b'amine. Ger., B'amin. It., benzilamina. A colorless, highly alkaline, caustic liquid, NH2.C8H8.CH2, isomeric with toluidine, boiling at 183° C., which may be regarded as ammonia in which an atom of hydrogen is replaced by b. [B, 3.]— B'ather (Ger.). See B. ether.— B'athyl- ather (Ger.). See B'ethyl ether.— B'iithylbenzol (Ger.). See B'ethylbenzene. — B'athylketon (Ger.). See B'ethyl ketone. — B 'benzene. Fr., b. -benzine. Ger., B'benzol. See DIPHENYL- methane. — B. benzoate. Fr., benzoate de benzyle. Ger., Benzoe- sdure-B'ester. A cystalline substance, C6HBCHo(C7HBO.>) = Cj4- Hi2O2, occurring in the liquid portion of balsam of Peru. [B, 4.]— B'benzoic acid. Fr., acide b.-benzo'ique. Ger., B'benzoesaure. A monobasic acid, CI4H,2O2 = C8(C8HB.CH.,)H4- CO.OH, being benzoic acid in which b. replaces hydrogen ; forming acicular crystals. [B, 2, 158.]— B'benzol (Ger.). B'benzene. [B.] See DiPHENYLmetfieme. — B. bromide. Fr., bromure de benzyle. Ger., B'bromur. A liquid, CaHs.CH.jBr, emitting highly irritant vapors. [B, 4.] — B. butyrate. Fr., butyrate de benzyle. Ger., B'butter- saureester, Butter stiure-B' ester. A substance of the composition CioHioOj = CHa.CHa.CHaCO.O — (CgHg.CH.). [B, 4.]— B. carba- mate. 8ee B'urethane. — B. carbamide. See B'urea.— B'chino- lin(Ger.). See B'quinoline.—'B. chloride. Fr.,chlorurede benzyle. Ger., B'chloriir. _A colorless liquid, C8HS.CH2C1, giving off highly ir- "r., cinnamate de benzyle. B, 4.]— B. cyanide. Fr., enylacetonitrile. [B,4.] — B'dimethylcarbinol. Fr.,"b.-dimethyl-carbinol. Syn.: phenyl- katabutyl alcohol. A substance, \ , forming color- CH2(C8HS) less acicular crystals. [B, 158.]— B'essigsaureester (Ger.). See B. acetate.— Wester (Ger.). A compound ether or a salt formed by the union of b. with an acid. [B.l — B. ether. Fr., ether benzylique. Ger., B'ather. A compound of b. and another radicle with oxygen. [B.] See DIBENZYL ether, B'methyl ether, B'ethyl ether, and B'phenyl ether. — B'ethyl acetone. See B'ethyl ketone.— B'ethylbenzene. Fr., b.-ethyl-benzine. Ger., B'dthylbenzol. An oily liquid, C1BHn =C8(C8HB.CH2) (C2HB)H^, being benzene in which b. and ethyl re- place each an atom of nydrogen. [B, 4.]— B'ethyl ether. Fr., ether b.-ethylique. Ger., B'athylather. A liquid, C8HB.CH2— O — C2H., boiling at ia5° C. [B, 4.]— B'ethyl ketone. Ger., B'cithyl- keton. A ketone. C8HB.CH2-CO-C2H6, boiling at 225° or 226° C. ; converted, on oxidation, into benzoic and propionic acids. [B, 4.]— B'harnstoff(Ger.). See B'urea.— K. hydrate. Fr., hydrate de benzyle. Ger., B'hydrat. See B. alcohol.— B. hydride. Fr., hydrure de benzyle. Ger., B'wasserstoff, B'hydriir. Toluene. [B.J — B. hydrosulphide. See B. mercaptan.— B'hydrylbenzoic acid. See BENZHYDRYLBENZOIC ACID. — B. iodide. Fr., iodure de benzyle. Ger., B'jodiir. A crystalline substance, C»HS.CHSI, melt- ing at 24° C. [B, 4.]— B'isobuttersaureester. See B. isobutyrate. — B. isobutyrate. Fr., isobutyrate de benzyle. Ger., B'isobutter- saureester, Isobuttersdure-B'ester. A substance of the composition C,oH1402=(CHs)a>CH.CO.O.(C«H8.CHj,). [B, 4.]-B'jodiir (Ger.). See B. iodide.— «. mercaptan. B. hydrosulphide ; a highly re- fracting liquid, C8HB.CH.,.SH, of a leek-like odor. [B, 4.]— B'methyl acetone. See B'methyl ketone.— B'methylather (Ger ). See B'methyl ether.— B'methylbenzene. Fr., b.-methyl- benzine. Ger.. B'methylbenzol. See B'toluene.— B'methyl ether. Fr., ether b.-methylique. Ger., B'methylather. A liquid, C8Hs.CH2 — O — CH3, isomeric with ethylphenyl ether, boiling at 167° or 168° C. [B, 4.]— B'methyl ketone. Ger., B'methylketon. Syn. : b'methyl acetone. A ketone, C8H8.CHS — CO — CHS. boiling between 214° and 216° C. ; converted, on oxidation, into benzoic and acetic acids. [B, 4.]— B. nitrate. Fr., azotate de benzyle. Ger., Salpetersdure- B'ester. A compound, C»Hg.CH2.NO,, of b. and nitric acid. [B, 3.]— B'phenol. Fr., b.-phenol. Ger., B'phenol. A phenol in which b. replaces hydrogen, C,sH,2O=C«H4(C»H8.CH2)- (OH), isomeric with benzhydrol ; silvery acicular crystals. [B, 4.] — B'phenylather (Ger.). See B'phenyl ether.— B'phenyl ether. Fr ether b.-phenylique. Ger., B'phenyldthfr. A crystalline sub- stance, C8H8.CHS-O-C«H8, melting at 38° or 39° C. [B, 4.] — B'phosphine. A compound in which b. replaces hydrogen in ritant vapors. [B, 4.1 —B. cinnamate. Fr., cinnamate de benzyle. Ger., Zimmtsaure- Blester. Cinnamein. [B, 4.] — B. cyanide. Fr., cyanure de benzyle. Ger., B'cyanur. Phenylacetonitrile. [B, 4.] — O, no; O», not; O", whole; Th, thia; Th», the; U, like oo in too; V, blue; U», lull; U«, full; U8, urn; U«, like U (German). 82 BENZYLE BERENGELITE 634 phosphine. Monob'phosphine, P(C8H6.CH.))H.j, is a colorless liquid of peculiar odor, boiling at 180° C. [B, 93.] See also DIBENZYL- phosphine. — B'piperidine. Fr., b. -piper idine. Ger., B'piperi- din. A mobile, oily liquid, C1,Hi7N=CBH10N.CTHT, boiling at 245° C. ; being piperidine in which b. replaces Hydrogen. [B, 79. J— B. propionate. Fr., propionate de benzyle. Ger., B^propionsaure- ester, Propionsaure-B'ester. A compound of b. and propionic acid, C3H6O., — (C6H8.CH2). [B, 4.]— B'quinoline. Fr., b.-quinoleine. Ger., B'chinolin. Quinoline in which b. replaces hydrogen, ClsHl3N=C9He(CTH7)N ; an oily liquid. [B, 79.]— B'salicylic ""'^ Fr., acide b.-salicylique. Ger., B^salicylsaure. A crystal- acid. Fr., acide b.-sulfonique (ou b.-sulfureux). Ger., B'sulfon- stinre. A name given to the substance more correctly called b'sul- phurous acid. [B, 2, 93.] — B'sulphurous acid. Fr., acide b.-sul- fureux. Ger., B^schwefligsdure. A monobasic acid, C7H8SO3, forming colorless, very hygroscopic crystals ; it is sometimes called b'sulphonic acid, from the idea that its structural formula is that of a true sulphonic acid, but it is more probably of the constitution of acid b. sulphite. [B, 2.]— B. thioalcohol. See B. mercaptan.— B'toluene. Fr., b.-toluene. Ger., B'toluol. Toluene (methyl- benzene) in which b. replaces an atom of hydrogen, Ci4H14= C6(C«H5.CH2)(CH3)H4. A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons of this formula is obtained by heating toluene with b. chloride and zinc dust and in other ways. [B, 4.]— B'urea. Fr., b.-uree. Ger., B^harnstoff. Syn. : monaVurea. A substitution compound of urea, C8HIONQO=H.1N-CO-NH(C8H8.CH,), forming long, white acicular crystals. [B, 2.] See also DiBENZYLttrea.— B'urethane. Fr., b.-urethane. Gter., B'urethan. Syn. : b. carbamate. A crystal- line substance, C8H9NO2=O:rC(NH2)— O(C6HS.CH?), formed by the action of solid cyanogen chloride on b. alcohol. |B, 93.] — B. violet. Ger., B'violett. See METHYL violet. — B'wasserstoff (Ger.). See TOLUENE. BENZYLE (Fr.), n. Ba3n2-zel. See BENZYL.— Azotate de b. See BENZYL nitrate.— Bromure de b. See BENZYL bromide. — Chlorure de b. See BENZYL chloride. — Cyanure de b. Benzyl cyanide. [B.] See PHENYL acetonitrile.— lodure de b. See BEN- ZYL iodide. BENZYLENE, n. Be2nz'i2l-en. Fr., benzylene. Ger., Benzy- len. See BENZYLIDENE. BENZYLIC, adj. Be2nz-i2l'i2k. Lat., benzylicuft. Fr., benzy- lique. Of, pertaining to, or containing, benzyl. [B.]— B. alcohol. See BENZYL alcohol.— B. benzoate. See BENZYL benzoate.—B. cinnamate. See Cinnamein. BENZYLIDEN (Ger.), n. Beantz-u«l'i»d-e"n. See BENZYLI- DENE.—B'chinaldin. See BENZYLiDENE<7i«JicUdme.— B'chloriir. See BENZYLIDENE dichloride. — B'dibromiir. Sec BENZYLIDENE dibromide. — B'dlchlorUr. See BENZYLIDENE dichloride. — B'pi- perylhydrazin. See BENZYLiDENEpiperj/Mi!/drazine.— B'sultid. See BENZYLIDENE sulphide. BENZYLIDENE, n. Be2nz-i2l'i2d-en. Fr., benzylidene. Ger., Benzyliden. It., benzilidene. A bivalent radicle, C8HB.CH". being benzyl less an atom of hydrogen. [B, 4.] — B. bromobenzoate. A substance of the composition (C6H4.CH) — C6HB.Br.CO.O. [B.] — B. chloride. See B. dichloride.— B'diantipyrine. Fr., ben- zylidene-diantipyrine. Ger., Benzylidendiantipyrin. A substance having the composition of two molecules of antipyrine, less two atoms" of hydrogen, united with a molecule of b. : CooHoHN4O.>= 2C11H11N!1O.C7He. [B.J-B. dibromide. Fr., bibromure de benzylidene. Ger., Benzylidendibromiir A compound of b. and bromine, C6H6.CHBr2. [B.]— B. dichloride. Fr., bichlorure de benzylidene. Ger., Benzyl idendichlorur. A liquid, C8H6.CHC12, boiling at 206° C. [B, 4.J— B'piperylhydrazine. Fr., benzyli- dene-piperyJhydrazine. Ger., Benzylidenpiperylhydrazin. A sub- stance, CiaH,«Nj(=C6Hi0N — N~CH.C8H6, forming tabular crys- tals. [B, 79.]— B'quinaldine. Fr., benzylidene-quinaldine. Ger., Benzylidenchinaldin. A substance. C,7H,3N=O9Hg(CH~CH.- C8H5)N, forming colorless, shining acicular crystals. [B, 79.]— B. sulphide. Fr., sulfure de benzylidene. Ger., Benzylidensnlfid. A substance, <J8H6.CHS, forming colorless laminar crystals. [B, 4.] BENZYLIUM (Lat.), n. n. Be2nz-i21(u8l)'i2-u3m(u<in). Benzyl. [L, 81.] BEOHKET (Ger.), adj. Be2-or'e2t. See AURICULATE. BEOMYCES (Fr.), n. Ba-o-mi2-se2z. See B.EOMYCES. BERAN (Sp.), n. Ba-ra3n'. A hot spring near the village of Fuy, in Spain, the waters of which are used as a stomachic. [L, 105.] BEKAS (Ar.), n. See ALBARAS and BARAS. BEKAS ASVED (Ar.), BEKAS BEJAS (Ar.), n's. See ALBARAS. BEKASET (Ger.), adj. Be2-rass'e»t. In botany, cespititious. [L, 46.] BERATHSCHLAGUNG (Ger.), BERATHUNG (Ger.), n's. Be" ra3t'shla3g-ung, -ra3t'ung. See CCENOLOGIA. BERAUBEND (Ger.), adj. Be2-ra3'ub-e2nd. See STERETICUS. BERAUBUNG (Ger.), n. Be2-ra3'ub-ung. See STERESIS. BERlUCHERN (Ger.), BERAUCHERUNG (Ger.), n's. Be2-roich2'e2rn, -e2r-ung. Fumigation. [L, 43, 80.] BERAUSCHEND (Ger.), adj. Be2-ra»'ush-e2nd. Intoxicating. [L, 80.] BERAUSCHERUNG (Ger.), n. Be2-roish'e2r-ung. Fumiga- tion. [L, 43.] BERAUSCHUNG (Ger.), n. Be2-ra3'ush-un~. See THOREXIS. BERBARIS (Lat.), n. f. Bu5r(be2r)'ba3r-i2s. 1. See BERBERIS. 2. Of Parkinson, the Berber is vulyaris. [B, 200.] BERBERACE.E (Lat.), n. f. pi. Bu!>r(be2r)-be2r-a(a3)'se!!(ke2)- e(a3-e2). See BERBERIDE.S:. BERBERAL, adj. Bu5r'be2r-a2l. Lat., berberalis. Of or re- sembling the genus Berberis. [B.]— B. alliance. See BERBER- ALES. BERBERALES (Lat.). n. m. pi. Busr(be2r)-be2r-a(a3)'lez(le2s). Syn. : berberal alliance. Of Lindley, an alliance of hypogynoua exogens. including the orders Berberidacece, FunutriacecK, Vitacea, Droseracece, Pittosporacece (including the Canellacece), Olacacece, and Cyrillacece. [B, 170.] BERBERE/E (Lat,), n. f. pi. Bu5r(be2r)-be2r'e2-e(a3-e2). Of Reichenbach, Spach. and Bentham and Hooker, a subdivision or tribe, of the Berberideo}^ comprising the sections B. genuince (in- cluding Berberis, Mahonia, and two other genera), Epimediece, and CaulophyllecR [Reichenbach] ; or the Berberinece, Epimedinece, and Leonticinece [Spach]. [B, 42, 170.] See also BERBERIDE^E. BERBERIA (Lat.), n. f. Bu6r(bear)-be2r'i2-a3. See BERI-BERI. BERBERIDACE^; (Lat.), n. f. pi. Bu6r(be2r)-be2r-i2d-a(a3)'- se2(ke2)-e(a3-e2). See BERBERIDE.JE. BERBEKIDACEOUS, adj. Bu5r-be2r-i2d-a'shu3s. Of or per- taining to the Berberidacece. [B.] BEKBERIDE (Fr.), n. Be2r-ba-red. The Berberis vidgaris. [B, 92.] BERBERIDE^B (Lat), n. f. pi. Bu6r(be2r)-be2r-i2d'e2-e(a3-e2). Fr., berberidees. Ger., Berberideen. 1. An order of dicotyledon- ous herbs and shrubs, divided by Bentham and Hooker into the tribes Lardizabalece (made a distinct order by some botanists) and the Berberece. By Baillon the order is extended to include the Bixinece, and comprehends in addition the Lardizabaleae, the Ery- throspermeoe, and the Berberideae and Podophyllece, which together correspond to the Berberece of Bentham and Hooker. As denned by Bentham and Hooker, it comprises genera with a calyx of three, four, or six (rarely nine) petaloid sepals ; a corolla of two or three free hypogynous, caducous petals ; from four to six hypogynous stamens, usually arranged in two rows and disposed opposite the petals, having erect, extrorse anthers ; an ovary of from one to three (rarely from six to nine) distinct oblong carpels containing two or more ovules and terminating in a short style with a dilated stigma ; and a baccate or dry, capsular fruit, usually indehiscent. with albuminous seeds. [B, 1. 42, 49, 121, 270.] 2. Of Torrey and Gray and others, a tribe of the Berberidacece (the B. of other au- thors). [B.J BERBERIDES (Fr.), n. pi. Be2r-be2r-ed. Of Jussieu, the Ber- beridece (1st def.). BERBERIDIFOLIE (Fr.), adj. Be2r-ba ri2d-i2-fo-li2-a. Hav- ing leaves resembling those of the Berberis. [L, 41.] BERBERIDS, n. pi. Bu5r'be2r-i2dz. The Berberidacece. [Lind- ley (B. 19).] BERBERIM (Ar.), n The Cratcegus oxyacantha. [L, 105.] BERBERIN (Ger.). n. Be2r-be2r-en'. See BERBERINE.— Brom- wasserstoflTb'. See BERBERINE ht/drobromide. — Chlorwasser- stoffb'. See BERBERINE hydrochioride. — Cyanwasserstoflb'. See BERBERINE hydrocyanide.— Jodwasserstoftb1. See BERBER- INE hydriodide. — Phosphorsaures B. See BERBERINE phosphate. — Salpetersaures B. See BERBERINE nitrate.— Salzsaures B. See BERBERINE hydrochioride. — Schwefe_lsanres B. See BER- BERINE sulphate. [B.]— Unterphosphorigsaures B. See BER' BERINE hypo phosphite. BERBERINvE (Lat.), n. f. pi. Of Batsch, the Berberideae (1st def.). BERBERINE, n. Bu5r'be*r-en. Fr., berberine. Ger., Berber in. It., Sp.. berberina. An alkaloid, CjnHjoNOU + 4iH2O, occurring in several species of Berberis, in calumba, in the bark of Cceocline polycarpa, the bark of Xanthoxy- lum clava Herculis (the xanthopicrite of Chevallier and Pelletan), that of Geoffroza jamaicensis (the jamaicine of Huttenschmidt), and in many other plants. It is a bright-yellow microcrystalline powder, devoid of odor, and having a persistent bitter taste, sparingly solu- ble in cold alcohol and water, and readily soluble in hot alcohol and in hot water. Its physiological action is uncertain, salivation, diar- rhoea. and various nervous symptoms being observed, but incon- stantly, after its administration, according to some observers ; ac- cording to others, it occasions a great variety of phenomena, acting- particularly as a tonic to the capillary blood-vessels, producing hy- pera^mia and oedema, and elevating the arterial pressure. It in eliminated by the kidneys, and renders the alkaline urine of the Herbivora acid. It has been highly recommended as an antiperi- odic. [B, 5, 81, 270.]— Acid b. sulphate. It., solfato acido di berberina. Bisulphate of b. ; a salt of the composition C20Hvj- NO4.H2SOt. It dissolves in 100 parts of water at 21° C. |I. M. Lloyd, "Pharm. Jour, and Trans.," xv, p. 342.] [B.]— Basic b» sulphate. It., totfato basico di berberina. A salt having the constitution (C20Hi7NO4)2H9SO4. It is more soluble in water than the acid sulphate. [I. M. Lloyd, "Pharm. Jour, and Trans,," xr, p. 342.] IB.]— B. bisulphate. Fr., bisulfate de berberine. It., bisolfato di berberina. See Acid b. sulphate.— 1*. chloride. See B. hydrochioride.— B. hydriodate, B. hydriodide. Fr.. iod~ hydrate de berberine. Ger., Jodwasserstoffberberin. It., iodidraio di berberina. Sp., iodhidrato de berberina. A substance, C^ftt7,- BuMbe«r)-be*r-i(eVne(na3-e2). [B.] Lat.. berberina, berberinum. bromate, B. hydrobromide. Fr., bromhydrate de berberine. Ger., Bromwasserstoffberberin. It., bromidrato di berberina. Sp-., bromhidrato de berberina. A compound, CaoH,7NO4.HBr+ 1 JH2O» forming yellowish acicular crystals readily soluble in water and in A, ape; A", at; A», ah; A*, all; Ch, chin; Ch", loch (Scottish); E, he; E2, ell; G, go; I. die; I2, in; N, In; N», tank- 635 BENZYLE BERENGELITE alcohol. [B, 270.]— B. hydroclilorate, B. hydrochloride. Lat., berberinum hydrochloricum. Fr., chlorhydrate de berberine. Ger., salzsaures Berber in, Chlorwasserstoffberberin. It., cloridrato di berberina. Sp., chlorhidrato de berberina. A substance. C2oHiT- NOx.HCl + 2iH2O, forming yellow acicular crystals. [B, 270. J—B. hydrocyaiiate, B. hydrocyanide. Fr., cyanliydrate be berbe- rine. Ger., Cyanwasserstoffberberin. It., cianidratodi berberina. Sp., cianliidrato de berberina. A compound. C20H17NO4.HCN, forming brownish laminar rhombic crystals, sparingly soluble in water and in alcohol. [B, 270.]— B. muriate, Lat., berberinum muriaticum. See B. hydrochloride. — B. nitrate. Lat., berberi- num nitricum, berberince nitras. Fr., azotate de berberine. Ger., salpetersaures Berberin, It., nitrato di berberina. Sp.,nitratode berberina. A substance, CjoH^NO^HNOs, forming bright-yellow crystals. [B, 270.] — B. phosphate. Lat., berberinum phosphori- cum. Fr., phosphate de berberine. Ger., phosphorsaures Berberin. A compound of b. and phosphoric acid. [B.]— B. sulphate. Fr., sulfate de berberine. Ger., schwefelsaures Berberin. It., sulfato di berberina. Sp., sulfato de berberina. See Acid sulphate of b. and Basic sulphate of b. — B.-tree. The Ccelocline polycarpa. [B.]— B. triiodide. Ger., Berberintrijodid. See B. hydriodide. BERBERINE (Fr.), n. Be2r-ba-ren. Berberine. [B.]— Azo- tate de B. See BERBERINE nitrate.-— Bromhydrate de b. See BERBERINE hydrobromide.— Cyanliydrate de b. See BERBERINE hydrocyanide.— lodhydrate de b. See BERBERINE hydriodide. BERBEKINE^E (Lat.), n. f. pi. Bu5r(be"r)-be4-ir-i2n'e2-e(a3-e2). 1. Of Bernhardi and Spach, a section of the Berberidece, compris- ing Berberis, Epimedium, and Leontice. 2. Of Brongniart, a class of hypogynous Dialypetalce, comprising the orders Berberidece, Lardizabalece, and Menispermece. [B, 170. ] BEBBEKINUM (Lat.), n. n. Bu8r(be2r)-be2r-i(e)'nu3m(nu*m). See BERBERINE.— B. hydrochloricum. See BERBERINE hydro- chloride. — B. muriaticum. See BERBERINE hydrochloride. — B. nitricum. See BERBERINE nitrate. — B. phosphoricum. See BERBERINE phosphate.— B. sulfuricum. See BERBERINE sulphate. Bi; KUKRIS (Lat.), n. f. Bu5r(be2r)'be2r-i2s. Gen., berber'idis, ber'beris. Ar., aargis. Fr., b. epine-vinntte. Ger., Berberitze, Saurach. It., berberi. Sp., berberos [Sp. Ph.], agracejo [Sp. Ph.]. 1. Of Linnaeus, a genus of berberidaceous shrubs with yellowish wood, and with the primary leaves often transformed into spines bearing in their axils a fascicle of secondary leaves. The calyx con- sists of from 6 to 9 deciduous sepals arranged in 2 or 3 rows ; the corolla, of 6 unguiculate petals placed opposite the sepals and each provided at its base internally with 2 glands ; there are 6 stamens and a 1-celled ovary with from 2 to 8 erect ovules and a peltate, short- styled stigma. The fruit is a berry of 2 or more seeds, umbilicate or perforate above. The section Mahonia (sometimes made a dis- tinct genus) comprises the species with pinnate leaves. [B, 19, 180.] 2. In the secondary list of former editions of the U. S. Ph., the root- bark of B. vulgar is ; in the Fr. Codex, the B. vulgaris. 3. In the pi., berberes, the fruit of B. vulgaris. [B, 119.]— Apochylisma berberum. See Rob berberum. — Baccee berberidis (seu ber- beris, seu berberum). See Fructus berberidis. — Berberes ex- siccatae. The dried fruit of B. vulgaris. [B, 180.]— B. aquifo- lia [Pursh]. The Oregon grape, mountain grape ; a bushy shrub from 3 to 5 feet high, found in Oregon, with shiny, leathery, pin- nate, spinulose leaves and yellow flowers. It is said to be used as a tonic and antiperiodic. The rhizome varies in size and is yellowish- brown externally and of a bright yellow internally, with thin bark and tough yellow wood. The bark is bitterish. [B, 34, 66, 81.]— B. aristata [De Candolle]. A species growing in India ; distinguished by its slender pendulous or erect racemes of flowers, longer than the leaves and not corymbose. The bark of the root contains much berberine and is employed as a tonic. It is said to be employed in ophthalmic diseases like B. lycium. [B, 5, 81, 172.]— B. asiatica [Roxburgh]. A species growing in the northern East Indies. It contains berberine, is said to have properties similar to those of B. vulgaris, and is employed as a tonic. [B. 180.] — B'beerenstrauch (Ger.). See B. vulgaris.— B'beerensyrup (Ger.). See Syrupus berberidis.— JS. canadensis [PurshJ. The B. vulgaris, var. ft canadensis. [B, 34.]— B. chinensis. A species found in China and northern India. The fruit, a dark purple berry, together with that of B. lycium, is used by the Chinese in preparing a cooling and tonic drink. The juice of 'the fresh fruit is applied to weak eyes. An infusion of the leaves is used for nervous headache, fatigue, etc. [B, 172, 180 ; L, 75.]— B. dumetorum. The B. vulgaris. [B, 200.] — B. fascicularis. Syn.: Mahonia fascicularis. A species the bark of which is used in the preparation of a yellow dye, and the acid berries are employed like those of B. vulgaris. [B, 104, 173.]— B. fructus. See Fructus berberidis.— ~B. fruticosa [Sloan]. A shrub growing in Jamaica. The negroes use it as a remedy in ve- nereal diseases, and an infusion of the leaves is employed in colic. [B, 173.]— B. kunawurensis [Royle]. An East Indian variety of B. vulgaris. [B. 212 |— B. Leschenaultii [Wallich]. See B. nepa- lensis. — B. lycium [Royle]. The ophthalmic berberry ; a species growing in India. The root-bark contains much berberine and is employed as a tonic. According to Royle, an extract from the wood or roots of this and other Indian species of B. is the medicine rusot, or rusivut, employed in India as a local remedy in ophthalmic affections and is identical with the AVKIOP of the ancients (the lycium indicum of Dioscorides), which was employed in the same way. [B, 5, 81.]— B. nepalensis [Sprengel]. An East Indian mountainous species, from 10 to 12 feet high, having a bluish-purple fruit. [B, 172, 212.] — B. nervosa [Pursh]. A species belonging to the section Mahonia ; a shrub about 4 inches high growing in the Pacific United States. Its rhizome and roots resemble those of B. aquifo- lia ; the root-bark contains berberine. [B, 81.] — B. pinnata. See B. fascicularis.— B. repens [Lindley]. A shrub belonging to the section Mahonia ; growing in the northern Pacific United States. [" Proc. of the Am. Pharm. Assoc.," xxvii, p. 202 (B).] Its rhizome and roots resemble those of B. aqui folia, and are employed for like purposes. [B, 81.]— B. sibirica [Pallas]. A Siberian species employed like B. vulgaris. [B, 180.]— B. sinensis [Desfontaines]. See B. chinensis.— ~R. tinctoria [Leschenaultj. See B. ariatata. — B. vulgaris [Linnteus]. Fr., b. [Fr. Cod.J, epinevinette. Ger., Berberitze, Berberbeere, Sauendorn. It., berberi. A bushy shrub from 2 to 8 or 10 feet high, growing in Europe and in the north- ern United States, composed of numerous spiny stems having simple obovate-spatulate leaves with serrulate bristly edges ; pen- dulous, many-flowered racemes of yellow flowers ; and scarlet acid berries. The variety /3 canadensis is smaller and bears smaller flowers in few-flowered racemes, oval berries, and leaves narrower than those of the ordinary variety. The bark (cortex berberidis) and the root-bark (cortex radicis berberidis, b. [U. S. Ph., 1870 (secondary list)]) are yellowish and impart a yellow color to the saliva when chewed, and they have hence been employed as a remedy in jaundice. They are almost odorless, have a strong bitter taste, and contain berberine (q. v.), oxyacanthine, starch, and tan- nin. They are occasionally employed as a gastric tonic and astrin- gent in dyspepsia, diarrhrea, etc., and to reduce the volume of the hypertrophied spleen in malarial affections. Together with the wood, they are also employed as a yellow dye. The berries (ber- beres, fructus berberidis, baccae. berberidis) are employed to furnish an acidulous, refrigerant, and antiscorbutic drink and a conserve (see Succus berberum, Rob berberum', and Strop de b.). The seeds also are employed medicinally. [B, 5, 19. 34, 81. 119.]— B. wallichia- na [De Candolle]. A species found at very great elevations in Nepal. [B, 172, 212.]— Cortex berberidis. The bark of the twigs of B. vulgaris. [B, 180.]— Cortex radicis berberidis. The root-bark of B. vulgaris (the b. of the secondary list of the U. S. Ph., 1870). [B, 180.]— Fructus berberidis. Fr., 6. (ou epine-vinette) [Fr. Cod.]. Sp., berberos [Sp. Ph.], agracejo [Sp. Ph.]. The fruit of B. vulgaris. [B, 95, 108.]— Gelatina berberorum. Jelly of barberries : an acidulous jelly made from the berries of B. vulgaris. [B ; L, 104.]— Radix berberidis. The root of B. vulgaris. [B, 180.]— Rob berberum. Fr.,robd'epine-vinette. Ger. , eingekochter Ber- beritzentaft. Syn. : apochylisma berberum. A preparation, offi- cial in several of the older formularies, made by evaporating the juice of the berries of B. vulgaris to the consistence of an electuary. [B, 119. ]— Rotulie berberum. Fr., pastilles cT epine-vinette. Pas- tilles made of 1 part of purified juice of berberry berries (the fruit of B. vulgaris) and 6 parts of sugar [Bruns. Ph., 1777; Wurtemb. Ph., 1798; Wttrzb. Ph.. 1796J. [B, 119.]— Sirop de b. [Fr. Cod.]. Lat., syrupus berberidis. A preparation made from the filtered juice of the berries of B. vulgaris, mixed with sufficient sugar to form a syrup of sp. gr. of T330. [B, 108, 113.]— Succns berberum. Fr., sue de b. [Fr. Cod.]. Ger., Berberitzensaft. The juice of the fruit of B. vulgaris. [B.]— Syrupus berberidis (seu berberis, seu berberum). See Strop de b. BERBERITE, n. Busr'be2r-it. See BERBERINE. BERBERITZE (Ger.), n. Be2r-be2r-etz'ea. The Berberis vul- garis. [B, 180 ; L, 80.]— B'nsaft. See Succus BERBERUM. [L, 80.]— B'nwurzel. The root of Berberis vulgaris. [B, 180.] — B'nwurz- elrinde. The root-bark of B. vulgaris. [B, 81.]— B'nstrauch. The genus Berberis. [B.]— Eingekochter B'nsaft. See Bob BER- BERUM. BERBERONIC ACID, n. Bu6r-be2r O2n'i2k. Fr.. acide ber- beronique. Ger., Berberonsciure. A tribasic acid, CoHgNO,, = C6H2(CO.OH)3N, isomerie with pyridinetricarbonic acid ; a sub- stance forming triclinic prismatic crystals, produced by the action of nitric acid upon berberine. [B, 79.] BERBERRY, n. Bu6r'be2r-ri!I. The Berberis vulgaris. [B, 19.]— B.-blight. See JEIDIUM berberidis.— Dyer's b. The Ber- beris tinctoria.. [B, 172.]— Ophthalmic b. The Berberis lycium. 