None
** tunneled, embankment, 356, 358. ** valves, iron, 160, 364. Sluices, flow through, aoo, 301, 303, 305, 9o6i " high and low. 204. ** varying head on, 304. Smithes (A. F.) adjustable pipe, 364. Soils beneath embankments, 337. ** evaporation from, no. Solutions, organic. 53a. " In water, xxa. Digitized by VjOOQ IC 642 INDEX. Sprtngs and wells, loa. ** ** ** supplying capacity of, xxo. ** mineral, 141. ** under embankments, 337. '* " waters, 141. Subla use of water, 34. Stand-pipe foundations, 586. •• materials, 500, 594, S95» 59^, 597» 6ox- Stand-pipes, 596, 564, 585, 60a, 6a8. " exposed, ix., 58s, 598, 599, 628. ** moments of resistance, 588, 589. ** overturning tendency, 588. " pressures in, 593, ** " on, 599. *' stabilities, 589, 597. Tank, ix., 585, fa8. " wind strains on, 587. Static pressures in pipes, 446. Stones, building, strengths of, 404. Stop-gates in conduits, 374, 436. Stop-valve, Coffin's, 493. *• curbs. 5x5. *♦ Eddy*s.5xi. " Flowers, 493, *• Ludlow's, 5x4. " system, 511. Stop-valves. ^60, 374, 43^, 493i 5i». 5x3. SM* Storage, additional, required. 98. '' basins, percolation from, 85. ** *^ substratas of, 85. " losses of water, 84. " of water, 84. ^ "^ " effect of evaporation on, 93. ** ** '* influence upon continuous supply, 99. » »♦ '• required, 95. " reservoir, 84, 87, 03, 95, 97, xoi, 338. " " embankment, 553. " " substrata, 85. ** ^ supply to, and draughtfrom, table, 96. Storms, great rain, 61. Strata, conditions, 146. Strains on stand-pipes, 590, 593, 599. Streams, annual flow or, 77. *' available annuai flow, 04. ** estimate!! of flow, 65, 78. *' flashy and steady, 71. " gauging, ao6. 316, 320. 3«, 396. " mean monthly flow of, 79. ^ minimum, mean, and flood flow, 75. *• ordinary flow of, 80. ^* ratio of monthly flow, 76. Strength of cylindrical cantilevers, 599, 600. '* *^ hollow cylindrical beams, 600. Strengths of building stones, 404. *^ " cylinders, 448, 593. " " metals. 451, 454. " ** riveted joints, 591. *' *' wrought pipe metals, 451, 486, 491. Sub-heads compared, 953. Sub-mains, diameters of, 507. Submerged orifices, 009. Subterranean reservoirs, 105. '* waters, xoa. " watershed, 109. ** waters, temperatures of. 226. ** ** uncertainties of search for, X06. Substrata of a storage basin. 85. .Sudbury river rainfall and flow, 834. Supply main, diameter of, 506. '* to and draught from a reservoir, table, 9^ 97- Supplying capacity of watersheds, 04. turcharged pressure, earth, 4x4, 4x6, 493. urfaces, pressure of water upon, 391, 393. Surveys for storage reservoir, 347, Sources of water supplies, 587. Sjrmbols, definitions of, 935. Systems, coml^ned reservoir and direct, 525. '* of water supply, 603, 604. •* ** " distribution, 493, 505. ** " rainlaU, 47, 49, 50, T. (See Ust of Tables, page zix.) Tank materials. 590. ^* stand-pipes, ix., 585. ** ** lack of stabUity of, 587, 5881 ^98, 600. Temperatures, artesian well, 127. " of deep sub-surteoe waters, zs6b *' filter beds, 555. ** " water in pipes, 50a. Templets, for flange bolt-holes, 460. Tenacities of wrought -pipe metals, 43x» 48% 49X. Tests of metal plates, 590. 591. •• " pine metals, 47a, 590, 591. Testing of nydrometers, U5, 3*6. Theory of flow over a weir, 278, 980. TMcknesses of a curved-face wall, 49s. '♦ *' dams, table, 387. " *' pipes, formulas, 448, 4SO| 4^^ 435, 486, 487. " •' stand-pipe sheets, 595, 596, 597, 6ot. (I 44 walls for water-pressure, 399. " ^* wrought-pipe shells, 447, 4861 ^ , , 488, 495, 597. 6o»- Thompson s molecular estimate, x6a. Thrusts of a conduit arch, 437. Timber weirs, 384. Transit, use in gauging, 313, 318, 3x9. Transmission of pressures, X83. Traffic, eflect upon retaining walls, 425. Trapezoidal revetments, table, 490. Treacherous strata beneath embankments, jglL Trial shafts, at embankment sites, 336. Triffonometrical equivalents, 6x8. Tube gauge, 317. 321. Tubes, coefficients of flow, 2x7, 9x9. aao. ** compound, 990. ** experiments with short, axf, 9x9, aao^ " short, 913. 3x5, 2i8, 920. Tubercles, in pipes, 247, 348. Turbine water-wheels, 559, 585. 593, S99» Turned pipe-joints, 458. Type curves of rainnal, 55, 57, 59. U. Uniform effect of natural laws, 6x. Union of high and low services, 5a4« Units of heat utilized. 578. Use of water increasing. 39. V. Vacuum, ajutage, 2x4. ** imperfect, short tubes, sis. " . rise of water into, x8a. " tendency to in compound tnbasim " under a weir crest, 99a. Values of r', 97X. •' •» Jk and A', toble, 964. ** " pumping engines compared, 583. ** ** water suppUes as investments, a^ Valves, air, 523. *' blow-off, 5x3, " Cornish, s^ 570. ** check, 525. ;; curbs, 5x5. ** dislc. 571. ** double beat, 569, 570. " flap, 568.^ ^ Digitized by Google INDEX. 643 Valves, Iroo sluice, 360. 364. '* pis on, 569. " power required to open, 361. 364. pumiJ, 558, 563, 566, 568, 569, 570, 57X. stop, ^6a^ 493, 51X. 5x3, 5x4. '* indicator, 361. '* system, sxx. ** waste, 513. Vanne conduit, 438. Vajvory elements, the, 45» 87- Variable flow through pumps, 559. Varnishes ft»r iron, 474, 476, 489. Vepetal growth in filter beds, 555. Vec^etabie organic impurities, 128. Velocity, conversion into pressure, 307, " equation, niodificatloa of, aTa " formula for, 94^, 250. " formulas for pipes, 940, 950, 959, 954, 2591 »fi3» «^« «^» »^« a70i a73« Velocities in canals and channels, 303, 307, 308, „ , 3'?\ 3»a. 3»4: ?i8, 520, 325, 326, 330. 371, 373. Velocities for eiven sloi^es, table, 359. " of ffllinp bodies, table, 190. •* *• flow m pipes. 2^6, 943. 949, 954, ** " ^ven films in channels, 3x1. •* ratios of surface to mean, 315. " relative, due to different depths fai channels, 328. ** surface in channels, 3x3. " theoretical table, 190. Vermin in canal banks, 37X. Vertical shifting of water, 365. Virginia City, wrought-iron pipe, 489. Voids of earths and rocks, X03. Volume delivered by pipes, table, 495. " ot efflux from an orifice, 194, 909. •* " " formula for, 196. •* " hydrant streams. 585. ** flood inversely as the area of the basin, 65. Volumes, formulas, for flood, 6s ** flood, from watersheds, 38X. ** relative, due to different depths In channels. 328. •• of given rainfalls, 6a, ** for given depth upon weirs, a9ab ** from waste weirs, table, 380. Walls, back batters of, 422. ** chamber, 369. •• counterforted, 427. '• curved fiice, table, 422. ** earth pressure against, 408, 4x0, 4x9, 4x3, 415, 416. ** eiem nts of failure, 427. ** end supports ot, 439. •* front batters of, 434. ^ formula of thickness for water pressare, •' foundations of, 395, 406, 407. •• leverage resistance of, 40a. ** limiting pressures In, 404. •* of concrete, 499,430. •* profiles of, 407. •* reUining, 390, 393, 397, 399, 406, 4X7» 4*>» 425* 426. to retain water, table, 400. •* " sustain traflic, 435. ** top breadths, 424. " wKarf, 426. Waste pipes, embankment, 357. •• sluice, " 356, " valves, 5x1. •• weir aprons. 383. I ;; ballast Jbs. •• " f ormidas, 379. Waste weir volumes, table, 380. ;» weirs, 377, »8i. 386, 387. " ** discharges over, 378, " ** efiect of ice on, 380. " " forms of, 383. '* '' lengths for given wateniieds,38si " *♦ thickness, toble, 387. Water, analyses of potable, X17. " characteristics ot, 113, 159, x6x« ** choice of, 605. *• clarification of, 530. *^ commercial use of, 3^ '* compressibility and elasticity oi^ 167. *' consumption of, 34, 503. " crystalline forms of, X65. ** domestic use, 34. " engine, 569. *• evaporation from, 88, 89. ** expansion of, 164, x66. " flow of, 184. 194. •* force of falling, 388. *• hose, use of, 34. impregnalions, xx3, 141. impurities. ties, 113, X41. molecular actions, 168, 169. physiological office of, 35. '' " effect of the impuritiesoC "4. Water pipes, ori3:ani8ms in, xs^ »3. *' plant and insect agencies In, 147. •• pressure leverage of, 397. ** '* upon surfaces, x68, 176, ggx. 393- pumping ot, ~ 57. rarity of clear, ^30 ratios of variable flow, 564. " relative volumes and temperatures, z66l •* river, 151. •* sanitary office of. -.6. ** solvent powers of, 1x3. " spring, X41. •* stora;;e of, 84. ** subterranean, ro3. •* suf!:ar test f quality, 159. ;• supplied, 3x. j5. 36. 37. 38. 40. ** supplies, gathering and deuve„ *' supplies, incidental advantages <M, 39. •* " necessities of, 35. " supply, gravity, 606. ** permanence of, 603. ** ** syptcms of, 603. •* the com|X>sitio!i of^ xxa. *' vertical changes in, 365, ** volumes and weights, table, 161, tOi, z66. •• waste. 34. ** weight of constituents, 164. '* *' pressure and motion of^ ztii. " well, 139. " wheels. 559, 579. works, construction of, 333. " ram in pipes, 449. *' sheds, 71, 100, ** ** nood volumes, 63, 67, 68, 75, gflL 380, 381. « flow from. 96. ** ** supplying capacity o<^ 94. ** " waste weirs required, 381. Weights and measures, metric, 61 x. Weir apron, 279. ** benches, 384. capsj brc dths, 386, 387. coefficients, 988, 389, 39X. crests, 378, 999, 393. gauging, 77. over falls, 377. Weirs, crest contractlona. 980. ** dimensions of, 978, 379, 386, 387, " discharges over, table, 989, 0890, tgx Digitized by VjOOQ IC 644 mDEZ. Weiis, experiments with buge, 084. ** forms of, 377, 386, 387. *" formula tor wide-crested, 903. *' " " depth upon, a86, 987. " formulas, 982, 983, 984, 986. *' gratinii^ in front ot, 999. ** nook-gauge for, 997. " initial velocity of approach to, 385, 999. " isolated waste, 383. -** measuring, 977, 995. " rule sauge for, 9^. ** stabifity o^ 979, 386, 387. *' tall-water of, 999. ••' thiclcne&s of waste, 386, 387. *' triangular notch, 994, 995. ** tube and scale-gauge for, 998. " timber, 384. ** varying lengths, 979. ^ volumes, formulas for, 089, 983, a8;4, 986, 987, 993. " waste, 337, 383, 386, 387. *• wide-crested, 993. Weight, a line a measure of, Z73. »" a measure of pressure, 175. " and volume of water, table, 166 ^' leverage of masonry, 398. ** of pond-water, 167. Weights of cast pipes, 465, 468, 4^ Weights of embankment materials, 341, 94a» 4XX. *• " molecules, 168. Well, intercepting, 546. •* water, 139. ** waters, analyses of, i9x. Wells and springs, 109, xxo. " condition ot overflowing, 107. ^' fouling of old, 140. ** influence upon each other, 107. ** impurities of deep, 195. ** location lor, 139. " water- sheds of, xo8. Western rain system, 47. Wharf, cap-log, 496. *' fender and belay piles, 497. " walla, 496. Wind leverage on tanks. 588, 589, 598, 599. '* strains on stand-pipes, sfiy. Winds, destructive actions, 586, 587. '* resultant on curved surtace, 587. Wood pipes, 49X. Woltmann's tachometer, 399. Workmanship, skilltui, 369. Wrought-iron pipes. 479. *' ** pipe-Joint, cast, 483. *^ *' plates, gauges Aid weights, 488L Wyckoff *8 wood-pipe, 491. Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google. 