Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
,y >, •-> ". 'oK .« ^*'.->^- ■'-' ^°-s<>- H**.>^-% ^°-^k-°- /•> ■•■*'•* X c"*-:*'- ,.*' >, ••> „< ■',«: (•• y% y V. •.*, ■ .G*" -*r , !."■ Q>^ COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION George C. Edwards, Chairman C. E. Grunsky Bartok Warren Evermann, Editor GIFT CONTENTS OF VOLUME X Plates 1-9 PAGE A Further Study of Variation in the Gopher-Snakes of Western North America, by John Van Denburgh^ 1 (Published August 6, 1920) Description of a New Species of Rattlesnake (Crotalus lucasensis) from Lower California, by John Van Denburgh ^ 29 (Published August 6, 1920) Description of a New Subspecies of Boa (Charina bottce utahetuis) from Utah, by John Van Denburgh 31 (Published August 6, 1920) Description of a New Lizard (Dipsosaurus dor salts lucasensis) from Lower California, by John Van Denburgh 33 (Published August 6, 1920) Undescribed Tipulidae (Diptera) from Western North America, by Charles P. Alexander ~ 35 (Published August 6, 1920) Three New Species of Dolichopodid<e (Diptera) from California and Nevada, by M. C. Van Duzee 47 (Published August 6, 1920) Two New Species of Syrphidae (Diptera), by A. L. Lovett ~ 51 (Published August 6, 1920) Notes on Some Undescribed Calif ornian Helices, by S. Stillman Berry — 53 (Published August 11» 1920) A New Genus and Species of Grasshopper from California, by Morgan Hebard.. -. 71 (Published December 29, 1920) Color Changes and Structure of the Skin of Anolis carolincnsts, by Charles E. von Geldern 77 (Published February 12, 1921) Report of the President of the Academy for the Year 1920, by C. E. Grunsky ^ ^ 119 J (Published July 2, 1921) \ Report of the Director of the Museum for the Year 1920, by Barton Warren Evermann - ~ - 128 (Published July 2, 1921) Index ~ ~ ^^^ JUNE 11, 1923 QH .0^58 F>ROCEEDING8 OF THB CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Series Vol. X, No. 1, pp. 1-27, pis. 1-2 August 6, 1920 A FURTHER STUDY OF VARIATION IN THE GOPHER-SNAKES OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH Curator, Department of Herpetology In August of last year the wTiter and Joseph R. Slevin pub- lished the results of a study of some three hundred specimens of Pituophis from western North America\ Probably no one who has not undertaken such a study can realize the amount of time and effort necessary for gathering, analyzing, digesting, and formulating the data derived from such a mass of material as was involved in our earlier study of the garter-snakes of the genus Thamnophis, The time and effort expended were so great that in the subsequent study of Pituophis the attempt was made to reach conclusions without so much attention to detail. The result was that, while the conclusions reached were valu- able and probably correct, as far as they went, they never have been satisfactory as a solution of the problems in variation and distribution offered by this genus. Further study of the data published in that paper indicated the probability that the snakes * The Gopher-Snakea of Western North America. <Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 197-220, pis. 11-13, August 21, 1919. August 6. 1920 t*-. 2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [P«oc. 4th So. we had regarded as one subspecies, and called Pituophts eaten- ifer annectens, were not all alike, but represented several cen- ters of geographic variation. It has seemed important to deter- mine whether this actually is so, and whether conclusions more satisfactory than those published could be attained by further study of the group. Such study required additional data. The color patterns of these snakes had not been considered in our former investiga- tion for the reason that published records seemed to show so much variation as to render them valueless as a means of clas- sification. Investigation of them now, however, shows that they do afford valuable data. Individual variation is great, but so are the average differences found in several geographic areas. The whole subject has been reopened, and the results of additional study are given in the present paper. Reverting to the former paper, it may be recalled that it was there shown that the gopher-snakes of western North America may be divided into two groups by the number of their gastro- steges. This is indicated in the following diagram, figure 1, in which the upper curve represents the gastrostege counts in the snakes we called Pituophts catemfer catenifer, while the lower curve shows the same data concerning those regarded as Pituo- phis catenifer annectens: Fig. 1 As one proceeds south and east from the cool north coast r^ions toward the warm south coast and interior desert regions, the average counts gradually increase. Although the transition is gradual, these gastrostege counts are of great use in the separation of these snakes into the two groups which we then regarded as two subspecies. This same difference and relationship are shown when the combined gastrostege and urostege counts are charted for the two groups, as has been done in figure 2. In this chart the 4 CALIFORNIA ACADEUY OF SCIENCES rP«oc. 4iH Sd. and the northern portions of the San Joaquin. The difference between these two curves points to the necessity of recognizing two subspecies here, a coast race, P. catenifer calenifer, and an interior race, P. catenifer heermanni. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth curves charted in this ii^re 3 represent respectively snakes (3) frotn the San Diegan Fauna, (4) from the desert regions of California, the southern San Joaquin Valley and Nevada, (5) from Utah, and (6) Fig. 3 from Arizona. Curve 3 shows that the snakes from the coast of southern California have more blotches than those of any of the other regions where the gastrosteges are numerous. In this respect these snakes are like those from the northern coast, P. catenifer catenifer, from which, however, they differ in other respects. The difference between these snakes and those repre- sented by the other curves necessitates recognition as a distinct subspecies, P. catenifer annectens, using this name in a re- stricted sense. CALIFORNIA ACADBUY OP SCIBHC8S ^ VAN DEMBVRCH— VARIATION IN COPHBRSNAKBS CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES 12 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [P»oc. 4th Ssi. Where individual variation is so great in races which inte- grade and are so closely related, it probably is impossible to make a "key" which will properly refer all specimens. How- ever, it is believed that the following synopsis Will serve this purpose for most individual specimens, and perhaps for all series of specimens from one locality. Synopsis of Species and Subspecies a. G>loration on anterior half of body not largely red. b. The number of gastrosteges less the number of dorsal blotches on body and tail rarely exceeds 151. c Gastrosteges fewer (200 to 230), average fewer than 225; urosteges fewer (51 to 80) » average in males 70, females 63; scale-rows usually (70 to 75%) not more than 31. d. Dorsal blotches more numerous on body (56 to 93, average 70) and tail (14 to 30, average 21.4). P. c. catenifer. — p, 13 dd. Dorsal blotches fewer on body (48 to 70, average 57.6) and tail (13 to 19, average 15). P. c, heermanni, — p. 16 cc Gastrosteges more numerous (217 to 243), average more than 225; urosteges more numerous (62 to 85), average in males 76, females 70; scale-rows usually (63%) more than 31. Dorsal blotches numerous on body (54 to 89, average 74) and tail (14 to 29, average 22.8). P. c, annectens, — p, 17 bb. The number of gastrosteges less the number of dorsal blotches on body and tail usually exceeds 151 ; gastrosteges more than 220. e. The sum of the number of scale-rows and of preoculars on both sides of head rarely exceeds ^\ usually one preocular. P. c. stejnegeri. — p. 21 ee. The sum of the number of scale-rows and of pre- oculars on both sides of head usually exceeds 33. f. The sum of the number of caudal blotches and preoculars of both sides of head usually exceeds 16; usually two preoculars; posterior dorsal blotches not distinctly reddish. P. c. deserticola. — p, 19 f f. The sum of the number of caudal blotches and pre- oculars of both sides of head rarely exceeds 16; usually one preocular; posterior dorsal blotches often distinctly reddish or red-brown. P. c. ruHlus, — p. 24 aa. Coloration on anterior half of body largely red. (Gastrosteges 233 to 257; scales usually in 35 or 33 rows; dorsal blotches few (average 44 on body, 11 on tail) ; supralabials usually nine or more. P. vertehralis.-^. 27 14 CAUPORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [P«oc. 4th Sbi. River, source of the Salinas River), and Santa Barbara (Santa Cruz Island) counties. Variation. — One specimen has no loreal plates; the other one hundred and three all have the normal 1-1. The preoculars are 2-2 in seventy-nine, or 78% ; 1-1 in seventeen, or 16% ; and 1-2 in six, or 6%. The postoculars are 3-3 in seventy-one, or 69% ; 3-4 in eighteen, or 17% ; 4-4 in eleven, or 11% ; 4-5 in one, or 1% ; 2-3 in one, or 1% ; and 2-2 in one, or 1%. The temporals are 4—4 in thirty-nine, or 38% ; 3-3 in twenty-six, or 25% ; 3-4 in twenty-one, or 20% ; 4-5 in nine, or 9% ; 2-3 in three, or 3% ; 2-2 in three, or 3% ; 5-5 in one, or 1% ; and 2-4 in one, or 1 %. The supralabials are 8-8 in fifty-six, or 54% ; 8-9 in twenty-seven, or 26% ; 9-9 in fourteen, or 14% ; 9-10 in three, or 3% ; 7-8 in two, or 2% ; 10-10 in one, or 1%. The infralabials are 13-13 in thirty-two, or 31% ; 12-12 in twenty- two, or 21 % ; 12-13 in nineteen, or 18% ; 1 1-12 in nine, or 9% ; 13-14 in seven, or 7%; 11-11 in six, or 6%; 11-13 in three, or 3% ; 10-10 in three, or 3% ; 14-14 in one, or 1% ; and 10-11 in one, or 1%. The scale-rows are 31 in sixty-nine, or 68% ; 33 in twenty, or 20% ; and 29 in twelve, or 12% ; the average is 31.1 rows. The gastrosteges vary in number from 200 to 230, males having from 207 to 230, females from 200 to 230 ; the average in fifty-four males is 217, in forty-six females is 220. The urosteges vary from 53 to 79 ; males having from 59 to 79, females from 53 to 78 ; the average in fifty-three males is 69, in forty-five females, 64. The dark blotches between head and anus in seventy-five specimens vary from 56 to 93, the average being 70. On the tail, in eighty-three specimens, they vary from 14 to 30, and average 21.4. The counts of blotches in the various specimens are shown below. 16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [P»oc. 4th Snu Pituophis catenifer heermanni (Hallowell) Valley Gopher-Snake (Plate 1, fig. 1) Diagnosis. — Gastrosteges average fewer than 225 ; urosteges average 60 to 68; scale-rows most frequently 31; preoculars usually two ; supralabials most frequently eight ; dorsal blotches fewer, average on body 58, on tail 15 ; no red in coloration. Type locality. — Cosumnes River, California. Distribution. — ^The Klamath region, Oregon, and in Cali- fornia, Modoc County, the Sacramento Valley, the northern part of the San Joaquin Valley, and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada. In Oregon it has been taken near Klamath Falls, Klamath County. Californian specimens have been col- lected in Modoc (Canby, Groose Lake Meadows, Sugar Hill, between Alturas and Davis Creek, Dry Creek in the Warner Mts.), probably Shasta (McCloud River), Tehama (Tehama), Glenn (Fruto, Winslow), Butte (between Live Oak and Grid- ley), Yolo (Grand Island Landing), Placer (Lander near Col- fax), El Dorado (Fyffe, Riverton), San Joaquin (Tracy), Merced (Los Baiios, Snelling), Mariposa (between Kinsley and Maculey's Stage Station, Coulterville, Pleasant Valley), Madera (vie. Madera), and Fresno (King's River, Dunlaps, Clovis) counties. Variation. — ^The loreal is 1-1 in all of the twenty-eight speci- mens. The preoculars are 2-2 in twenty-six, or 93% ; and 1-1 in two, or 7%. The postoculars are 3-3 in twenty-three, or 85% ; 4-4 in three, or 11%; and 4—5 in one, or 4%. The tem- porals are 4-4 in eleven, or 45% ; 3—4 in five, or 21% ; 5-5 in three, or 13% ; 3-3 in three, or 13% ; 4-6 in one, or 4% ; and 2-3 in one, or 4%. The supralabials are 8-8 in twelve, or 48% ; 8-9 in eight, or 32% ; and 7-7, 7-8, 9-9, 9-10, and lO-lO, each m one, or 4%. The infralabials are 13-13 in twelve, or 50% ; 12-12 in six, or 25% ; 14—14 in two, or 8% ; 12-13 in two, or 8% ; and 12-14 and 1 1-14 each in one, or 4%. The scale rows are 31 in thirteen, or 46% ; 33 in eight, or 29% ; 29 in six, or 21%; and 35 in one, or 4%; the average is 31.3 rows. The gastrosteges vary in number from 209 to 231, males having from 209 to 231, females from 218 to 231 ; the average in six- VouX] VAN DENBURGH-^VARIATION IN GOPHER-SNAKES 17 teen males is 219, in twelve females, 224. The urosteges vary from 55 to 74, males having from 61 to 74, females from 55 to 66 ; the average in fifteen males is 68, in eleven females is 60. The dark blotches between head and anus in twenty-eight specimens vary from 48 to 70, the average being 57.6. On the tail, in thirty-two specimens, they vary from 13 to 19, and average 15. The counts of the blotches are shown below. Blotches on Blotches on Number Locality Number Locality Body Tail Body Tail C4012 70 23 2 C3608 54 14 27 S5631 61 19 9 C5595 59 15 28 S5633 59 23 9 C2080 63 24 29 39637 62 19 10 C2081 60 17 30 27333 63 19 11 C2082 56 19 31 C6264 • • • • 12 C2083 56 20 32 C4016 55 16 13 S6500 ■ • • • 40 C4015 57 14 14 43521 48 15 43 C4014 63 21 14 43522 56 15 43 41670 50 16 18 C2759 57 43 C5883 54 24 C4013 63 20 67 C5884 55 17 24 C4011 58 19 69 C5885 53 14 25 20413 65 16 72 C5886 51 17 26 44161 58 18 74 41699 50 15 27 44241 57 18 75 Pituophis catenifer annectens (Baird & Girard) San Diegan Gopher-Snake (Plate 1, fig. 2) Diagnosis. — Gastrosteges average more than 225 ; urosteges numerous, average 70 to 76; scale-rows most frequently 33; preoculars usually two; supralabials most frequently eight; dorsal blotches many, average on body 74, on tail 22.8 ; no red in coloration. Type locality. — San Diego, California. Distribution. — This subspecies occupies the coast region of southern California and northern Lower California, and has been found on some of the islands off the coast. We have ex- amined specimens from Santa Barbara (Santa Barbara), Ven- tura (Pine Creek), Los Angeles (Charter Oak, Cold Water Canyon, La Crescenta, Pasadena, Mt. Wilson, Sierra Madre), 18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [Pioc. 4th Sml San Bernardino (Ontario), Riverside (Colton, San Bernar- dino Mts., Riverside, San Jacinto, San Jacinto Mts.), and San Diego (Warner Pass, Agua Caliente, Cahuilla Valley, Julian, Cuyamaca Mts., Campo), counties, California, and from En- senada, San Martin Island, and South Coronado Island, Lower California. It is probably this subspecies of gopher-snake which has been observed, but not captured, on Santa Catalina Island. Those of Santa Cruz Island, however, are Piiuophis catenifer catenifer. Variation. — Sixty-nine specimens all have loreals 1-1. The preoculars are 2-2 in forty-four, or 64% ; 1-1 in twenty, or 29% ; and 1-2 in five, or 7%. The postoculars are 3-3 in forty, or 59% ; 4-4 in thirteen, or 19% ; 3-4 in eleven, or 16% ; and 2-3, 2-4, 4-5, and 5-5, each in one. The temporals are 4-4 in twenty-three, or 34% ; 3-3 in fifteen, or 22% ; 3-4 in twelve, or 18% ; 4-5 in five, or 7% ; 5-5 in five, or 7% ; 3-5 in two, or 3% ; and 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 4—6, and 5-6, each in one. The supra- labials are 8-8 in thirty-three, or 48% ; 9-9 in nineteen, or 27% ; and 8-9 in seventeen, or 25%. The infralabials are 13-13 in thirty-four, or 49% ; 13-14 in ten, or 14% ; 12-12 in eight, or 12%; 12-13 in seven, or 10%; 14-14 in three, or 4%; 11-13 in two, or 3%; and 10-11, 11-11, 11-12, 12-14, and 14-15, each in one. The scale-rows are 33 in thirty-seven, or 54% ; 31 in twenty-five, or 36% ; 35 in six, or 9% ; and 29 in one, or 1 % ; the average is 32.4 rows. The gastrosteges vary in num- ber from 217 to 243, males having from 217 to243, females from 218 to 240; the average in forty-three males is 228, in twenty-five females, 231. The urosteges vary from 62 to 85, males having from 62 to 85, females from 62 to 83 ; the aver- age in thirty-nine males is 76, in twenty-four females, 70. The dark blotches between head and anus in seventy-one specimens vary from 54 to 89, the average being 74. On the tail in sixty-five specimens they vary from 14 to 29, and aver- age 22.8. The counts of the blotches are shown in full below. 20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [Pioc. 4th Sxb. County, the valleys east of the Sierra Nevada in California, and probably nearly all of Nevada; possibly Idaho and eastern Washington. From Nevada, I have examined specimens of this subspecies from Humboldt (Thousand Creek Flat, Virgin Valley, Big Creek Pine Forest Mountains), Washoe (P)rramid Lake, Nixon), Ormsby (Carson), Lander (Austin), Elko (Carlin) and Esmeralda (Palmetto Mountains), counties. Californian specimens examined have been collected in Im- perial (Silsbee), Riverside (Mecca), San Bernardino (Victor- ville, Hesperia), Mono (Benton), Kern (Walker Pass, Tehachapi Mountains, Isabella, Delano, Bakersfield, Button- willow), and San Luis Obispo (Simmler, Pozo, Palo Prieto, Shandon) counties. Variation. — Twenty-eight specimens from California and western Nevada show the following variations: The loreals are 1-1 in all. The preoculars are 2-2 in twenty-four, or 86% ; 1-2 in two, or 7% ; and 1-1 in two, or 7%. The postoculars are 3-3 in twenty-two, or 79% ; 4-4 in five, or 18% ; and 3-4 in one, or 3%. The temporals are 3-4 in eleven, or 39% ; 4-4 in five, or 18% ; 4-5 in four, or 14% ; 5-5 in three, or 11% ; and 2-3, 3-3, 3-5, 5-6, and 6-6, each in one, or 3%. The supra- labials are 8-8 in seventeen, or 61% ; 8-9 in six, or 21% ; 9-9 in four, or 14% ; and 8-10 in one, or 4%. The infralabials are 13-13 in thirteen, or 46% ; 12-12 in six, or 21% ; 12-13 in four, or 14% ; 12-14 in two, or 7% ; 13-14 in two, or 7% ; and 14-14 in one, or 4%. The scale-rows are 33 in eleven, or 39% ; 31 in eleven, or 39% ; 35 in three, or 11% ; 29 in two, or 7% ; and 37 in one, or 4% ; the average is. 32.3 rows. The gastro- steges vary in number from 223 to 263, males having from 224 to 252, females from 223 to 263 ; the average in twelve males is 234, in sixteen females, 239. The urosteges vary from 50 to 72, males having from 58 to 72, females from 50 to 67; the average in twelve males is 64, in fifteen females, 59. The dark blotches between head and anus in twenty-eight specimens vary from 46 to 66, the average being 55. On the tail they vary from 12 to 21, and average 15.4. The counts of these blotches are shown in full below. 22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pmoc. 4tH Snu labials usually eight, often nine. Infralabials usually 13, often 12, sometimes 11 or 14. Temporals of first row varying from two to five, usually four. Genials in two pairs, anterior larger. Scales on body in 27 to 33 rows, usually 29, keeled except in a varying number of rows on each side. Anal plate not divided. Gastrosteges varying in number from 223 to 241, males having from 227 to 241, females from 223 to 240. Urosteges in two series of from 55 to 71, males having from 58 to 71, females from 55 to 62. The ground color is pale brownish or grayish-yellow, some- times more or less obscured by the spreading of the blotches or the presence of black or dark browH marks along the keels of its scales. Along the middle of the back, from the head to a point over the anus, is a series of from 50 to 68 (average 58) dark blotches. These blotches are brown on the central part of the body but are black anteriorly and posteriorly. On the upper surface of the tail are from fourteen to twenty (aver- age 16.5) blackish blotches. On the anterior portion of the body the blotches are more or less rounded, but posteriorly they tend to become quadrate. There are several series of alternating, often more or less confluent, dark blotches or spots on the sides. Across the top of the head, between the preocular plates, is a moderately narrow brown band, very definite and well-defined. There are similar bands or spots below the cen- ter of the eye and running back and down from the upper post- ocular plate. The top of the head posteriorly has a few, small, scattered, dark spots. The spaces between the dark dorsal blotches on the posterior portion of the body are yellow or orange-yellow, usually somewhat obscured by dark brown streaks along the keels of the scales. The lower surfaces are yellow or yellowish-white with irregular spots or blotches of dark brown or black on the gastrosteges and urosteges. There is no definite median subcaudal black band. Length to anus.. 758 800 863 1028 1125 1125 Length of tail .. . 126 148 168 179 190 207 Variation. — Twenty-nine specimens from Utah show the following variations : The loreals are 1-1 in all. The preocu- lars are 1-1 in twenty-one, or 87% ; and 2-2 in three, or 13% 24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES tPmoc. 4th Sul Walla Walla County, Washington, may belong here rather than with P. catenifer deserticola, but their final disposition must await additional material. They have twenty-nine and thirty-one scale-rows and one or two preoculars (50% each), and gastrosteges from 23 1 to 244. Pituophis catenifer rutilas, new subspecies Arizona Gopher-Snake (Plate 2, fig. 2) Diagnosis. — Gastrosteges numerous, average more than 225; urosteges average 57 to 63; scale-rows most frequently 33 ; preocular normally single ; supralabials usually eight ; dor- sal blotches very few, average on body 46, on tail 12.5 ; colora- tion often somewhat reddish posteriorly. Type. — Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 33869, adult female, collected by J. R. Slevin at Tucson, Pima Co., Arizona, April 11, 1912. Description. — Head somewhat flat-topped, with snout pro- jecting and rather narrow. Temporal regions not swollen. Rostral plate very large, prominent, not very narrow, often re- curved between intemasals on top of snout ; bounded behind by internasal, anterior nasal, and first labial plates. Plates on top of head are a pair of internasals, a variable number of pre- frontals (normally four), a frontal, supraocular of each side, and a pair of parietals. Anterior and posterior nasals usually distinct. Loreal usually elongate. Preocular usually one, oc- casionally two. Postoculars usually three, often four, some- times five. Supralabials usually eight, often nine, rarely 10. Infralabials usually 12, often 13, sometimes 11 or 14. Tem- porals of first row varying from two to five, usually four. Oenials. in two pairs, anterior larger. Scales on body in 29 to 35 rows, usually 33, keeled except in a varying number of rows on each side. Anal plate not divided. Gastrosteges varying in number from 222 to 258, males having from 222 to 237, fe- males from 227 to 258. Urost^es in two series of from 52 to 68, males having from 57 to 68, females from 52 to 60. The ground color is pale yellow or grayish-yellow, some- times more or less obscured by the spreading of the blotches 26 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pkoc. 4th Sbi. 222 to 258, males having from 222 to 237, females from 227 to 258 ; the average in six males is 227, in nine females, 237. The urosteges vary from 52f to 68, males having from 57 to 68, females from 52 to 60; the average in six males is 63.5, in nine females, 57. The dark blotches between head and anus in 16 specimens vary from 37 to 55, the average being 46. On the tail they vary from 10 to 14, and average 12.5. The counts of these blotches are given in full below. Number Blotches on Locality Number Blotches on Locality Body Tail Body Tail 34755 17541 17546 17547 C1824 S 1131 S 1705 S 1714 39 50 40 45 54 55 42 42 10 12 11 13 14 13 13 11 4 5 5  13 13 13 12 14 13 14 8 8 9 Distribution. — I have examined specimens of the Arizona Gopher-Snake taken at Yuma, Yuma County, the Colorado River above Bill Williams River, Mohave County, Cave Creek, Maricopa County, Fort Lowell and the Santa Cruz River near Tucson, Pima County, and the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. Specimens of Pituophis from Ari- zona have been recorded as collected at Oak Orchard, Camp Grant, Wilton Springs, Tucson, Gila River, White River Can- yon, Fort Whipple, Grand Canyon, and at Las Gijas in Pima County. Remarks. — ^The specimens from Mohave and Yuma counties, and a specimen from Silsbee, Imperial County, California (re- ferred to P. c. deserticola) show more or less intergradation between the Arizona and the Desert Gopher-Snakes. These specimens have very many gastrosteges, while those from ex- treme southeastern Arizona have fewer. Indeed, some of the latter have so few as to indicate intergradation with the gopher- snakes of New Mexico which Ruthven has referred to P. c. sayi, but which may possibly require recognition as a distinct subspecies, P. sayi afKnis ( Hallowell ). PROC. CAL. ACAD. SCI., 4th Series, Vol. X VAN DENBURGH ] Plate 1 Fignre 1 .— /'(liio/iftij cotciiifer hccrmaiini (Hallowell). Valley Gopher- Snake. Photogjaiih from a living specimen collected five miles south from Madera. Madera County. California, May 10, 1920. Figure Z.^Filiw/'his t.il.-nif.-r aiiurrlciis (Baird & Girard). San Dicgan Gopher-Snake, Photograph from a living specimen collected ntar Campo, San Diego County, California, about May 12, 1920. PROC. CAL. ACAO. SCI..4fh Series. Vol. X [VAN DENBURGH] Plate 2 Figure 1. — Piluophis calcnifcr slcjnegcri Van Dciiburgh. Utah Gopher- Snake. Photograph of a living adult male from Provo Canj'on. Wasatch Mountains, Wasatch County. Utah. Figure 2, — I'ilMoph. Snake. Photograpli i County, .Arizona, OP THB CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Fourth Seribs Vol. X, No. 2, pp. 29-30, pi. 3 August 6. 1920 II DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF RATTLE- SNAKE (CROTALUS LUCASENSIS) FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA SY JOHN VAN DENBURGH Curator, Department of Herpetology The first specimens of the diamond rattlesnake of the Cape R^on of Lower California were sent from Cape San Lucas by John Xantus. Cope recorded them, in 1861, ?is Caudisona atrox sonoraensis, but remarked that they were more delicately tinted than Sonoran specimens, the dorsal rhombs being more perfect and their yellow borders brighter. A considerable number of specimens have been collected in southern Lower California in more recent years, and have been recorded usually as C. atrox. The differences in coloration, however, seem to be of such constancy as to make it desirable to regard the San Lucan snakes as a species distinct from both C. atrox and the reddish C exsul. I, therefore, propose for this snake the name Crotalus lucasensis, new species (Plate 3, fig. 1) Diagnosis. Similar to C. atrox (Plate 3, fig. 2) but colora- tion brighter much less punctulate, and with dorsal rhombs tnore completely enclosed in light borders. 30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [P»oc. 4th See. Type. — Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 45888, collected by Joseph R. Slevin at Agua Caliente, Cape R^on of Lower California, July 26, 1919. Distribution. — The southern portion of Lower California, Mexico. Description of type. — ^Large. Head broad, flat-topped ; ros- tral higher than wide, in contact with anterior nasal. Two nasals ; two preoculars ; three postoculars ; two loreals. Supra- ocular large, not raised into a horn-like process, separated from its fellow by about six or seven irregular rows of scales. Six- teen and seventeen superior and nineteen inferior labials, the first pair of the latter divided horizontally as in C. exsul. A single pair of genials. About five rows of scales between supralabials and eye. Scales in twenty-seven rows, keeled ex- cept in one or two rows on each side. Gastrosteges 186; urosteges 26. The general color is yellowish-brown, or brownish-yellow, with a series of large, darker brown blotches along the back. These blotches are well defined, are usually enclosed in con- tinuous light borders laterally as well as dorsally, and show little of the punctulate or pepper-and-salt style of coloration so characteristic of C. atrox. The sides are clouded or blotched with brown, more or less indefinitely outlined with light yellow or white. The head is somewhat mottled above. A yellow or white stripe runs across the side of the face from the preocular plates to the mouth. The scales behind and above this light stripe are darker than the ground color and are set off pos- teriorly by a light streak which runs down and back from the comer of the mouth. The tail is grayish with about four to six black cross-bands. The lower surfaces are yellowish-white. Length to anus 1070 mm. Length of tail to base of rattle 90 " 32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pmoc. 4th See. Distribution. — Northwestern Utah, also Idaho. Remarks. — ^The seven specimens at hand from Utah all have 41 rows of scales. The same number of rows is found in two specimens from Blue Lake and Hood's Valley, Kootenai County, Idaho, which may be regarded as belonging to this subspecies. The only other specimens with 41 rows of scales of which I have record are one from Red Point, Placer County, California, and one from FyflFe, El Dorado County, California. These are to be regarded as instances of individual, or possibly geographical, variation in Charina bottcB bottce, for other speci- mens from the same localities have 43 rows. It is these two Califomian specimens which cause me to regard the two forms as subspecies rather than species. All other specimens from California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, of which I have records, have more than 41 rows of scales. Thus, of forty- seven specimens from these states, fifteen have 43 rows, twenty have 45, six have 47, and six have 49 rows. A specimen in the Paris Museum is said to have 43 to 45 rows and to be labeled "Utah Terr". In the light of the present evidence it seems probable that this locality is erroneous. 34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OP SCIENCES [Pftoc. 4th Sbi. Type. — Cal. Acad. Sci. No. 46090, collected at San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico, by J. R. Slevin, July 31, 1919. Distribution. — The Cape Region of Lower California. Remarks. — ^These two subspecies seem to be alike in all im- portant characters, except the one mentioned. This difference is not a constant one, but exists in so large a proportion of the specimens that it seems best to recognize it by name. The fol- lowing table shows the number of specimens which have each number of granules at the point where there are fewest on each side of the head : Granules between rostral and nasal . . . 1-1 1-2 2-2 2-0 Dipsosaurus dorsalis lucasensis 273 25 oo ... Dipsosaurus dorsalis dorsalis 22 12 171 1 It will be seen that these granules are 1-1 in 78% of the 351 specimens of D. dorsalis lucasensis as against 10% of 206 speci- mens of D. dorsalis dorsalis, and are 2-2 in 15% of the speci- mens of D. dorsalis lucasensis as against 83% of those of D. dorsalis dorsalis. 36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ' [Proc. 4th Ser. Female. — Length, 5 mm. ; wing, 7 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae black throughout. Head dull brownish gray. Mesonotal praescutum brown with three broad dark brown stripes; tuberculate pits and pseudo-sutural fovea; black, the former located at the level of the anterior ends of the latter; remainder of the mesonotum brownish gray. Pleura dull gray; two conspicuous tufts of long, light yellow hairs on the meso-pleura, the more dorsal of these lying between the bases of the wings and halteres. Halteres conspicuously light orange- yellow. Legs with the coxae dull gray ; remainder of the legs dark brown, the femora clothed with sparse, pale, appressed hairs. Wings brownish gray, the disk variegated with paler; base of the wing, costal and sub- costal cells more yellowish ; cell 2nd Ri beyond the stigma pale ; veins dark brownish black. Venation: Sct ending opposite r; Sct far from the tip of Scif the distance on R between the origin of Rs and Sc2 being a little less than Rt beyond r; r about equal to the section of R» before it; cell 1st Mt closed, long and narrow; basal deflection of Cui at about one-third the length of cell 1st Mt. Anal veins convergent, the 2nd anal vein being sinuous on its outer end. Abdomen dark brown, the lateral margins with conspicuous light yellow hairs. Ovipositor with the tergal valves strongly upcurved. Habitat. — Washington. Holotype, 9 (No. 719), Paradise Valley, Mt. Rainier, alti- tude 5000-6000 feet, July 29, 1919 (C. L. Fox). Ormosia paradisea is allied to O. arcuata (Doane) of the Eastern United States, but the coloration is darker through- out, Sc2 closer to the origin of Rs than to the tip of Scu and other .characters. Genus Rhabdomastix Skuse Subgenus Sacandaga Alexander The species discussed below is the fourth Nearctic form to be described. It should be noted in passing that the two Euro- pean species of Gonomyia, G. schistacea (Schummel) and G. Iceta Loew, are in reality members of this genus and subgenus. 2. Rhabdomastix (Sacandaga) fasciger, new species General coloration brown, the pleura gray; wings grayish, the stigma brown ; an indistinct brown fascia along the cord ; abdomen dark brown. Female. — Length, 7-8 mm. ; wing, 7.5-9 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown. Head gray, more brownish medially. 38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pioc. 4th See. small ; outer appendage chitinized, the apex slender and strongly curved, the outer margin with several appressed teeth; inner appendage short, blunt, fleshy, the surface covered with setiger- ous tubercles, two or three of the setae at the end of the ap- pendage being much longer and stouter; at the base of the pleurites two elongate cylindrical arms, the larger of which is provided with rows of long, curved hairs. Gonapophyses ap- pearing as flattened plates with their caudal lateral angle pro- duced into a long, straight point. Type of the sub-genus. — Limnophila ultima Osten Sacken (Northern North America). The curious Tipulid that is here made the type of the new subgenus, Neolimnophila, flies in the autumn and less com- monly in the spring and so may be expected to be double- brooded. The species ranges across the entire northern United States and Canada, to British Columbia and Alaska. 3. Limnophila subaptera Alexander 1917 Limnophila subaptera Alexander, Canadian Entomolo- gist, vol. 49, pp. 207, 208. One female specimen in the collection undoubtedly belongs to this species although it diflfers considerably from the unique male type. This specimen may be made the allotype. Female. — Length, 16 mm.; wing, 2.4 mm. General coloration light yellowish brown, the pleura with a faint grayish bloom. Legs comparatively stout, the coxae but little pruinose ; legs brown- ish yellow, the femora and tibiae scarcely darkened apically; the terminal tarsal segments dark brown. Ovipositor with the tergal valves greatly ex- ceeding Sie sternal valves in length, slightly upcurved, the tips subacute. Allotype, 9 (No. 721), Bubbs Creek Cation, Kings River, Fresno County, California, altitude 9700 feet, July 9, 1910 (E. C. Van Dyke). Allotype in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Genus Ulomorpha Osten Sacken The genus Ulomorpha was erected in 1869 (Monographs Diptera North America, pt. 4, pp. 232, 233) to receive the then 40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Pioc. 4th See. 4. Ulomorpha quinque-cellula, new species Size large (wing of the S 9 mm.) ; general coloration shiny reddish yellow ; cell Mi of the wings present. Male. — Length, 8-9.2 mm. ; wing, 9-9.2 mm. Rostrum and palpi yellowish brown. Antennae rather elongate for this genus of flies, the first segment brown, sparsely gray pruinose; second scapal and the basal flagellar segments dull brownish yellow, the distal segments dark brown; flagellar verticils long. Head dark brown, gray pruinose. Mesonotal praescutum shiny reddish yellow without apparent stripes ; re- mainder of the mesonotum dull yellow. Pleura reddish yellow. Haltercs pale brownish white, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxae and trochan- ters yellow; femora pale testaceous brown, the tips narrowly dark brown, especially on the outer face ; tibiae pale testaceous brown, the tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong yellowish tinge; stigma indistinct ; veins brown ; macrotrichiae in all of the cells beyond the cord and more sparsely in the centers of the outer cells to basad of the origin of Rs. Venation: Sc ending at about three-fourths the length of Rs, Sct at the tip of the subequal Sci ; Rs long, spurred at origin ; cell Rt sessile; veins Ri and Rt divergent; veins Rt, Rt and Rt+t arising almost from a common point ; r indistinct ; r-m very long ; cell Mi present, much longer than its petiole; basal deflection of Cut just before mid-length of cell 1st M%, Abdominal tergites yellowish brown, the stemites a little paler. Habitat. — California. Holotype, S (No. 722), Huntington Lake, Fresno Co., alti- tude 7000 feet, July 28, 1919 (E. P. Van Duzee). Paratopotype, $. 5. Ulomorpha nig^onitida* new species Size rather large (wing of the ^ 8 mm.) ; general coloration deep shiny black throughout ; cell Mi of the wings lacking. Male. — Length, 7-7.8 mm. ; wing, 8 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black throughout; verticils long and delicate. Head black, very sparsely gray pruinose. Thorax shiny deep black, including Uie pleura. Halteres with the stem pale brown, the knobs dark brownish black. Legs with the coxse dark brownish black, the hind coxae paler ; trochanters dull yellowish ; remainder of the legs black, tlie bases of the femora dull yellow, this coloration narrowest on the fore legs, broadest on the hind legs. Wings with a pale gray tinge, the bases more yellowish ; the abortive anal vein behind vein Cu, yellowish ; the macrotrichiae in the cells of the wing basad of the level of the origin oi Rs more sparse than in U. pilosella or U, sierricola, but very much heavier than in U. vanduseei. Venation ; 5*^ ending at about four- fifths the length of the long sector, Sct at the tip of Sci, Sc% being about two-thirds as long as Sci; Rs long, gently arcuated at origin; cell Ra sessile or very short-petiolate ; vein ^s diverging from vein Rm and almost parallel with Ri so that cell Rs is nearly twice as wide as cell R» at the 42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Se». mesonotal praescutum with four narrow brown stripes; wings brownish gray, the distal cells with conspicuous macrotrichiae ; abdomen brownish yellow, the lateral margins of the tergites with five dark brown spots ; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite large, deeply notched medially; caudal margin of the ninth sternite produced caudad into two long, straight append- ages that are tipped with stiflf, yellow, spinous bristles. Male. — Length, 12 mm.; wing, 12.5 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head shiny brownish yellow, darker brown medially; palpi brown. Antennae moderately elongate, if bent backward extending about to the base of the abdomen; scapal segments yellow, basal flagellar segments indistinctly bicolorous, the basal swelling dark brown, the remainder of each segment paler brown; distal flagellar seg- ments uniformly dark brown. Head dark brown, paler behind, the front and anterior part of the vertex golden-yellow pollinose; along the inner margin of the eyes more grayish. Mesonotum light brownish yellow, shiny, the praescutum with four nar- row brown stripes; lobes of the scutum dark. Pleura shiny testaceous yellow. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem pale yellow. Legs with the coxae shiny yellow, the base a little infuscated, trochanters yellow; femora yellowish basally, broken before midlength. Wings with a strong brownish gray tinge ; cells C, Sc and the space behind vein Cu yellowish ; stigma dark brown; an obliterative area before the stigma, extending across the inner end of cell 1st Mi ; veins dark brown ; conspicuous macro- trichiae in cells i?2, /?$, and Rt ; Mi and 2nd A/a except the base, and the tips of cells Afi and Cuu Venation: Rs long, arcuated; vein Ri persistent; petiole of cell Afi shorter than m ; m-cu at about one-fourth the length of cell 1st Afa, the first section of Mt+t being shorter than that section of Mx+a. Abdomen shiny brownish yellow, the hypopygium darker, especially the base of the ninth sterno-pleurite ; conspicuous dark brown spots near the basal lateral margin of tergites three to six and near midlength of tergite two. Male hypopygium moderately large. Ninth tergite large, the caudal margin with a large, subquadrate median notch, the conspicuous lateral lobes flattened, the ventral surface concave, hollowed out like a spoon, directed caudad; base of the notch weakly rounded outward, the dorsal surface being impressed at this point. Pleural suture very short, straight; outer pleural appendage elongate, cylindrical, narrow basally, the distal two-thirds clothed with conspicuous, long, erect, black bristles. Ninth sternite with the caudal margin produced posteriorly into two very con- spicuous straight appendages that lie parallel and close together, the sur- face at the tip and along the proximal face densely set with conspicuous yellow spinous bristles ; the lateral margins with more erect black bristles. Dorsad of the base of these appendages and at the origin of the inner pleural appendages are two conspicuous, pale, fleshy lobes that project strongly laterad. Eighth sternite with the margin weakly trilobed medially, each lateral lobe provided with about two small setae. Habitat. — California. Holotype, B (No. 725), Santa Cruz, June 1, 1919 (E. P. Van Duzee). Vol X] ALEXANDER— UNDBSCRIBBD TIPULIDJE 43 8. Tipula cahuilla, new species General coloration of the head and thorax light gray, the former with a narrow brown median line; mesonotal praescu- tum with five narrow brown lines; scutellum with a capillary brown line ; wings grayish subhyaline ; stigma dark brown ; the distal cells of the wings with conspicuous macrotrichiae ; ab- domen dark gray, the tergites with two yellow sublateral stripes ; male hypopygium simple ; abdomen of female very long and slender. Male. — Length, 9-12 mm.; wing, 9-11.3 mm. Female. — Length, 17.5-18.5 mm.; wing, 11-12 mm.; abdomen alone, 13.5- 14.8 nmL Frontal prolongation of head dull yellow, light gray above; palpi dark brown. Antennae with the first segment light gray; remaining segments dark brown; flagellar segments subcylindrical, weakly incised beneath. Head light gray with a delicate brown dorso-median stripe and a broad, whitish ring aromid the eyes. Pronotum gray. Mesonotal prxscutum gray, the interspaces between the usual stripes dark brown; there thus appear five narrow brown lines of which the lateral pair represent the margins of the gray lateral stripes; the median vitta narrower, dark brown, not attaining the suture; scutum gray, each lobe with a brown circular mark; scutellum brownish testa- ceous medially, gray laterally, with a capillary brown median line; post- notum light gray. Pleura light gray, indistinctly variegated with pale spots on the mesepimeron and across the dorsal margin of the sterna. Halteres brown, the knobs darker, the base of the stem pale. Legs with coxae light gray; trochanters dark brown; femora brownish yellow, the tips dark brown; tibiae brownish yellow, soon passing into brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings grayish subhyaline, cell Sc a little yellowish ; stigma conspicuous, dark brown; veins dark brown; numerous macrotrichiae in the apices of cells /?$, /?», Mi, 2nd Mt and M^ Venation : Rs gently arcu- ated ; cell 1st Mt small, pentagonal ; petiole of cell Mi a little longer than Iff ; m-cti punctiform, located at about one-fourth the length of cell 1st Mt. Abdominal tergites dark gray with two conspicuous sublateral yellowish stripes, the caudal and lateral margins of the segments broadly pale; stemites dark gray, the caudal margins of the segments conspicuously pale. 