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UC-NRLF B ^ 7D3 IDS M:^! (( OF THE ^ (( \imymsiTt )) ^J^BAi?y SCHOOi USEFUL REFERENCE SERIES. NO. 14. TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND BY THE BOOK AND PRINTING TRADES. TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND BY THE BOOK AND PRINTING TRADES BY AXEL MOTH (FORMING A SUPPLEMENT TO F. K. WALTERS ABBREVIATIONS AND TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN BOOK CATALOGS AND IN BIBLIOGRAPHIES.) BOSTON THE BOSTON BOOK COMPANY 1915 LIBRABY SCHOOL 6 Portions of this Compilation have been published in The Bulletin of Bibliography during 1912 to 1916. The Riverdale Press, Brookline, Mass., U.S.A. PREFACE The present publication forms part of a more extensive unpublished piece of work undertaken a number of years ago, and will now serve as a supplement to F. K. Walter's "Abbreviations and Technical Terms used in Book Catalogues and Bibliographies," published in Boston in 1912. The original manuscript was planned somewhat differently, and included library terms, now published separately. Changes in the arrangement were made necessary in order to make it uniform with the work "it now supplements. Terms already in Mr. Walter's work, are, with a few exceptions, omitted here. In the compilation numerous works on bibliography, printing, and binding have been consulted, as well as periodicals relat- ing to these subjects. Several foreign librarians have given me their kind assistance in cases where I was unable to find the terms. Thus a number of Dutch terms were supplied by Dr. H. Greve and Mr. R. van der Meulen, Italian by Dr. Eugenio Rossi, Spanish by Mrs. Figarola Caneda, and Swedish by Dr. Isak Collijn. Mr. F. K. Walter, who is the compiler of the Latin list, a field left untouched by me, iviGC52227 has given valuable assistance in the final preparation of the work by contributions, especially of French and German abbrevia- tions and terms. To him and to the above mentioned librarians I hereby express my sincere thanks. Their contributions have added to what there is of value in the work. For its shortcomings I am solely responsible. VI CONTENTS PAGE Preface v English Terms with equivalents in Danish, Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish, Swedish ... 1 Danish Terms 87 Dutch Terms 106 French Terms 126 German Terms 151 Italian Terms 176 Latin Terms 200 Spanish Terms 227 Swedish Terms 245 VI 1 Abbreviations Used . bibliography; — bb. bookbinding; — bo. book- trade; — e. engraving; — pa. paper; — pi. plural; — pr. printing; — Stand. Diet. Standard Dictionary of the English Language; — Webster. Webster's International Dictionary of the English Language. ENGLISH abstract or summary or synopsis. Dan. Kompendium ; Du. kort begrip, overzicht; compendium; Fr. abrege; sommaire; Ger. Kompendium; //. com- pendio, sommario; Sp. compendio, re- sumen; Sw. kompendium. acrostic. Dan. Navnedigt, Akrostichon; Du. naam- dicht; Fr. acrostiche; Ger. Namenge- dicht; //. acrostico; Sp. poema acros- tico; Sw. namndikt, akrostikon. act. Part of a play. Dan. Akt; Du. bedrijf; Fr. acte; Ger. Aufzug; //. atto; Sp. acto; Sw. akt. advance sheets or early copies, (bo.) Sample sheets of a book, issued in advance as an advertisement. Dan. Udhsengsark ; Du. schoone bladen; Fr. bonnes feuilles, feuilles d'auteur; Ger. Aushangebogen ; //. fogli impagi- nati; Sp. hojas de autor; Sw. rentryckt ark. advertisement. Dan. Avertissement ; Du. advertentie, aankondiging; Fr. annonce; Ger. In- serat, Anzeige, Annonce; //. annunzio; Sp. aviso; Sw. annons. 1 TECHNICAL TERMS all published or no more published, (b.) Dan. mere udkom ikke; Du. alles wat verscheen; Fr. tout ce qui a paru; Ger. soweit erschienen; //. fin qui; non si 6 pubblicato altro; Sp. todo publicado; Sw. allt utgifvet. alliteration. The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals. Webster. Dan. Bogstavrim; Du. stafrijm; Fr. alUte- ration; Ger. Stabreim; //. alHterazione; ' 5/). aliteracion ; 5w. stafrim, alliteration. also under the title, (b.) Dan. ogsaa med Titel; Dii. ook onder den titel; Fr. aussi sous le titre; Ger. auch unter dem Titel; //. anche sotto ii titolo; Sp. tambien con el titulo; Sw. ocksa med titel, afven med titel. annotation. A remark, note or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to illustrate its meaning. Webster. Dan. Anmaerkning; Dii. aanteekening; Fr. annotation; Ger. Anmerkung; //. annotazione; Sp. anotacion; Sw. an- markning. annotator or commentator. Dan. Kommentator, Fortolker; Die. aan- teekenaar; Fr. annotateur, commen- tateur; Ger. Erlauterer, Kommentator; It. annotatore, commentatore ; Sp. ano- tador. comentador; Sw. anmarkare, utlaggare, kommentator. 2 ENGLISH annual or yearly. Dan. aarlig; Du. jaarlijksch; Fr. annuel; Ger. jahrlich; //. annuale; Sp. anual; Sw. arlig. annual report. See report, annual. appendix or supplement. Dan. Bilag, Tillseg, Supplement; Du. aanhangsel, bijvoegsel; Fr. appendice, supplement; Ger. Anhang, Beilage, Er- ganzung, Nachtrag; //. appendice, sup- plemento; Sp. apendice, suplemento; Sw. bihang, supplement, tillagg. approval, on. (bo.) Dan. til Eftersyn; Du. op zicht, zichtzen- ding; Fr. a I'examen; sous condition; Ger. zur Ansicht, Ansichtssendung ; //. sotto condizione; Sp. condicionalmente, en comisi&n; Sw. till paseende, till benaget paseende. art of printing. Dan. Bogtrykkerkunst; Du. boekdruk- kunst; Fr. art typographique; Ger. Buchdruckerkunst ; //. arte dello stam- pare; Sp. arte de la imprenta; Siv. bok- tryckarkonst. at the author's expense or privately printed. (bo.) Dan. paa eget Forlag, trykt som Manu- skript ; Du. voor rekening van den schrij- ver, privaat uitgaaf; Fr. aux frais de I'auteur; Ger. Selbstverlag des Verfas- sers, Privatdruck; //. a spese dell' autore; Sp. por cuenta del autor; Sw. pa eget forlag. 3 TECHNICAL TERMS auction. See book auction, author. Dan. Forfatter; Du. auteur, schrijver; Fr. auteur; Ger. Verfasser, Schrift- steller; //. autore; Sp. autor; Sw. for- fattare. author's expense, at the. See at the author's expense, awarded a prize. Dan. prisbelonnet, Du. bekroond; Fr. couronne; Ger. gekront; //. premiato; Sp. premiado; Sw. prisbelont. B back, to. (bb.) To prepare the back of a book with glue, etc. Webster. Dan. saette Ryg i en Bog; Du. den rug van een boek maken; Fr. endosser; Ger. mit Riicken versehen; It. indossare; Sp. enlomar; Sw. forse med rygg. back of a book, (bb.) Dan. Bogryg; Du. rug van een boek; Fr. dos d'un livre ; Ger. Riicken eines Buches ; //. dorso; costola, schiena; Sp. lomo de un libro; Sw. bokrygg. back, loose, (bb.) Dan. los Ryg; Du. losse rug, vrije rug; Fr. dos brise, dos souple, reliure a I'alle- mande; Ger. loser Riicken; //. legatura flessibile; Sp. lomo hueco; Sw. los rygg. back, spring, (bb.) Dan. Knepryg; Du. veerende rug; Fr. dos k ressort; Ger. Sprungriicken; //. 4 ENGLISH dorso a scatto; Sp. lomo de resorte; Sw. fjaderrygg. back, tight, (bb.) Dan. fast Ryg; Du. vaste rug; Fr. dos rigide, dos adherent, dos ferme; Ger. fester Riicken; //. dorso rigido; Sp. lomo rigido; Sw. fast rygg. backing, (bb.) Preparing of the back of a book with glue, etc. Webster. Dan. Bogrygs Tildannelse; Du. het maken van den rug; Fr. endossure; Ger. Riickenbildung; //. indossatura; Sp. enlomado; Sw. bokryggs forfardigande. bands, raised, (bb.) The cords upon which the sheets of a volume are sewn. If the cords are not imbedded in the back of the sheets and thus show as ridges, they are called raised bands. Dan. ophojede Bind; Du. ribbenband; Fr. nerfs, nervures; Ger. erhabene Biinde; //. correggiuole ; Sp. nervios; Sw. upp- hojda bind, hoga bind. bastard-title or half-title or fly-title, (b.) A short title-page preceding the regular full title-page. Webster. Dan. Smudstitel, Halvtitel; Du. Fransche titel, voor-de-handsche titel; Fr. faux- titre; Ger. Schmutztitel, Vorsatztitel ; //. titolo falso, frontispizio falso, fron- tispizio morto, occhietto; Sp. falso frontis, falsa portada; Sw. smutstitel. battered letter, (pr.) See letter, battered. 5 TECHNICAL TERMS Bible. Dan. Bibel; Du. Bijbel; Fr. Bible; Ger. Bibel; //. Bibbia; Sp. Biblia; Sw. Bibel. bibliomaniac. Dan. Biblioman; Du. bibliomaan; boe- kengek; Fr. bibliomane; Ger. Biblioman, Biichernarr; //. bibliomano; Sp. bi- bliomane; Sw. biblioman. bibliophile. Dan. Bogelsker; Du. boekenlief hebber ; Fr. bibliophile; Ger. Biicherfreund; //. bibliofilo; Sp. bibliofilo; Sw. bibliofil. bid on a book. Dan. byde paa en Bog; Du. bieden op een boek; Fr. mettre une enchere sur un livre; Ger. fiir ein Buch offeriren; //. incantare su di un libro; Sp. ofrecer en un libro; Siv. bjuda pa en bok. bi-monthly. Occurring once in two months. Webster. Dan. hver anden Maaned; Du. tweemaan- delijksch; Fr. paraissant tons les deux mois; Ger. zweimonatlich ; //. bime- strale; Sp. bimestral; Sw. hvar annan manad. bind, to. (bb.) Dan. indbinde; Du. inbinden; Fr. relier; Ger. einbinden; //. legare; ^Z*. encuader- nar; Siu. binda in. binder or bookbinder. Dan. Bogbinder; Du. boekbinder; Fr. relieur; Ger. Buchbinder; //. legatore 6 ENGLISH di libri; Sp. encuadernador ; Sw. bok- bindare. binder's title. Dan. Rygtitel; Du. boekbinderstitel, rug- titel; Fr. titre du relieur; Ger. Riicken- titel; //. titolo del legatore; Sp. titulo del encuadernador; Sw. ryggtitel. bindery or bookbinder shop. Dan. Bogbinderi; Du. boekbinderij ; Fr. atelier de relieur; Ger. Buchbinderei; It. legatoria; Sp. taller de encuaderna- cion; Sw. bokbinderi. binding. Dan. Indbinding; Dti. band; Fr. reliure; Ger. Einband; //. legatura; Sp. encua- dernacion; Sw. inbindning. binding, worn. Dan. slidt Bind; Du. versleten band; Fr. reliure fatiguee; Ger. abgeniitzter Ein- band; //. legatura logora; Sp. encuader- naci&n muy usada; Sw. sliten inbind- ning. binding in boards. See boards, in. black letter, (pr.) The old English or modern Gothic letter in which the early Eng- lish books were printed. Dan. gammelt engelsk Frakturbogstav; Du. Duitsche letter; Fr. lettre de forme, lettre flamande ; Ger. altenglischer Buch- stabe; //. carattere gotico; Sp. letra de tortis; Sw. gammal engelsk frak- turstil. TECHNICAL TERMS blacks, (pr.) A space, quadrat or piece of furniture which rises and is imprinted on the sheet. Dan. Spis; Z)«. zwarte vlekken ; Fr. espace montee a Timpression; Ger. Spiess; //. spazi; Sw. spis. blank book. See book, blank. bleed, to. (bb.) To cut into the printed part of a book in trimming. Stand. Did. Dan. sksere en Bog ned saa meget at Teksten lider; Du. afsnijden met tekstverminking; Ger. mit Textverlust beschneiden; //. smarginare; Sp. cortar de modo que sufra lo impreso ; Sw. skara i stil. blind blocking. See blind tooling. blind tooling or blind blocking, (bb.) Dan. Bhndtryk; Du. bhnddruk op banden; Fr. fers a froid, ornements a froid; Ger. BHndpressung, BHnddruck; //. ornamenti a secco; Sp. estampadura en seco; Sw. bHndtryck. block-book, (b.) A book printed from en- graved blocks of wood. Webster. Dan. Blokbog; Du. houtblokdruk; Fr. Hvre xylographique ; Ger. Holztafel- druck, Blockbuch; //. Hbro xilografico; Sp. Hbro xilografico; Sw. blockbok. blotting paper. Dan. Klatpapir, Traekpapir; Du. vloei- papier; Fr. papier buvard; Ger. Losch- papier; //. carta sugante, carta asciu- gante; 5/>.papel secante; Sw. laskpapper. 8 ENGLISH boards, (bb.) Pasteboard sides for a book cover. Webster. Dan. Pappermer; Du. kartonnenband ; Fr. plats de carton; Ger. Pappdeckel; It. piatti in cartone ; Sp. tapas de cart&n ; Siv. papp-parmar. boards, in. (bb.) A book with pasteboard covers. Dan. stifthaeftet; Du. gecartonneerd ; Fr. cartonne; Ger. kartonniert, steif- broschiert; //. incartonato, cartonato; Sp. encartonado; Sw. styfhaftad, kar- tonnerad. boards, wooden, (bb.) Dan. Traebogpermer ; Du. houtband; Fr. plats de bois; Ger. Holzdeckel; //. piatti in legno; Sp. tapas de madera; Sw. traparmar. bodkin, (pr.) A sharp pointed instrument for picking type from a form in correct- ing. Stand. Diet. Dan. Aal; Du. correctie-els ; Fr. pointe; Ger. Ahle; It. lesina; Sp. punzon, punta; Sw. al. body type, (pr.) The type ordinarily used. Dan. Brodskrift, Vaerkskrift; Du. brood- letters; Fr. caracteres ordinaires; Ger. Brotschriften; //. tipi comuni; Sp. letra usual; Sw. vanlig tryckstil. bold faced t3rpe. See type, bold faced, book. Dan. Bog; Du. boek; Fr. livre; Ger. Buch; //. libro; Sp. libro; Sw. bok. 9 TECHNICAL TERMS book, blank. Dan. ubeskrevet Bog, Skrivebog; Du. onbeschreven boek; Fr.l ivre blanc; Ger. unbeschriebenes Buch; It. falso volume, libro bianco; Sp. libro en bianco; Siv. skrifbok. book, secondhand. Dan. brugt Bog; Du. tweedehandsch boek; Fr. livre d'occasion; Ger. antiquarisches Buch; //. libro d'occasione; Sp. libro de segunda mano; libro de ocasion, libro de lance ; Sw. an\ and bok. book of hours. A Roman Catholic prayer- book containing prayers to be repeated at stated times of the day. Webster. Dan. Tidebog; Dii. getijdenboek, getij- boek; Fr. livre d'heures, paire d'heures, heures; Ger. Stundengebete ; //. libro delle ore; Sp. libro de horas; Sw. hora- rium. book in quires. See book in sheets. book in sheets or book in quires, (bo.) A book not folded or bound. Amer. Diet, of Pr. Dan. Bog i Materie; Du. boek in Icsse bladen; Fr. livre en feuilles; Ger. rohes Exemplar; //. hbro in fogli; Sp. libro en rama; Sw. bok i exemplar, ohaftad bok. book-auction. Dan. Bogauktion; Du. openbare boek- verkooping, boekenveiling; Fr. vente publique de livres; Ger. Biicher-V'er- steigerung; //. asta libraria, vendita di 10 ENGLISH libri air asta; Sp. remate de libros, sub- asta de libros; Sw. bokauktion. bookbinder. See binder. bookbinder shop. See bindery. book collector. Dan. Bogsamler; Du. boekenverzamelaar; Fr. collectionneur de livres; Ger. Biicher- sammler; It. amatore di libri, coUettore di libri; Sp. colector de libros; Sw. boksamlare. book-compositor, (pr.) Dan. Varksaetter; Du. boekzetter; Fr. compositeur de livre; Ger. Werksetzer; //. compositore; Sp. cajista de libros. book-cover. See cover. bookdealer. See bookseller. book-fair. Dan. Boghandlermesse; Du. boekhandel- kermes; Fr. foire de librairie; Ger. Buch- handlermesse; //. fiera di libri; Sp. feriade libros; Sw. bokhandlaremessa. book-mark. Any object, as a ribbon, to be placed between or on the leaves of a book to mark a place for ready reference. Stand. Diet. Dan. Bogmaerke; Du. boekenlegger, leeswijzer; Fr. signet; Ger. Buchzeichen, Zeichenbandchen ; //. segno ; Sp. marca- dor; Sw. bokmarke. bookplate or ex-libris. An engraved label, placed on or in a book to indicate ownership or proper place in a library. Stand. Diet. 11 TECHNICAL TERMS Dan. Bogplade; Du. boekmerk, boek- merkteeken; Fr. ex libris; Ger. Biicher- zeichen, ex libris; //. ex libris; Sp. ex libris; Siv. bokagarmarke. bookseller or bookdealer. Dan. Boghandler; Du. boekhandelaar ; Fr. libraire; Gr. Buchhandler; //. libraio; Sp. librero; Sw. bokhandlare. bookseller, secondhand. Dan. Antikvarboghandler; Du. tweede- hands boekhandelaar; Fr. bouquiniste, antiquaire; Ger. Antiquar, Biicher- trodler ; //. venditore di libri vecchi ; Sp. vendedor de libros usados; Sw. anti- kvarbokhandlare. bookseller-catalogue. Dan. Boghandlerkatalog; Du. boekhande- laarscatalogus ; Fr. catalogue de librairie ; Ger. Buchhandlerkatalog; //. catalogo di libraio; Sp. catalogo de librero; Sw. bokhandlarekatalog. bookstore. Dan. Boghandel, Boglade; Du. boek- winkel; Fr. librairie; Ger. Buchhand- lung, Buchladen; //. libreria; Sp. libreria; Sw. bokhandel, boklada. booktrade. Dan. Boghandel; Du. boekhandel; Fr. commerce de livres; Ger. Buchhand- lung, Buchhandel; //. commercio di libri; Sp. comercio de libros; Siv. bok- handel. 12 ENGLISH book-work, (pr.) Work on books and pamphlets, as distinguished from job- work or newspaper work. Stand. Diet. Dan. Bogtryk, Vaerkarbejd; Du. boek- werk; Fr. composition de Hvre; Ger. Werksatz ; It. composizione di libri ; Sp. composicion de Hbros; Sw. boktryck. bookworm. The larva of an insect destruc- tive to books. Stand. Did. Dan. Bogorm; Du. boekworm; Fr. ptilin; Ger. Biicherwurm; It. tarlo, tignupla; Sp. polilla que roe los libros; Sw. bok- mal. border or margin. Dan. Rand, Margen; Du. rand; Fr. marge; Ger. Rand; //. margine; Sp. margen, orilla; Sw. rand. border, mourning. See mourning border. bosses. Protuberant metal ornaments on. the boards of a book. Dan. Metalbeslag; Du. metaalbeslag; Fr. ferrures; Ger. Metallbeschlage; //. fer- ratura suUa legatura; Sp. ornamentos metalicos en los costados de la pasta para resguardarla ; Sw. metallbeslag. bottom of a page. The blank space at the foot of a page. Dan. Underslag; Du. voet van een blad- zijde; Fr. bas d'une page; Ger. Unter- schlag; It. calce; Sp. pie de una pagina; Siv. underslag. bottom-line. Last line on the page, preceding the direction-line. 13 TECHNICAL TERMS Dan. Slutningslinie; Du. slotregel; Fr. ligne inferieure; Ger. Schlusslinie, Grundlinie; It. linea di fondo; Sp. linea del pie de la pagina; Sw. slutrad. bound. Dan. indbunden; Dii. gebonden; Fr. relie; Ger. eingebunden; It. legato; Sp. encuadernado ; Sw. inbunden. box in, to. (pr.) To place rules around a page. Dan. indramme med Linier; Du. omlijs- ten; Fr. encadrer avec des filets; Ger. einrahmen mit Linien; //. incorniciare, inquadrare; Sp. encuadrar con reglas, orlar; Sw. inrama med linjer. brackets or squares. [ ] Dan. Klammer; Du. haken; Fr. crochets carres; Ger. eckige Klammer; //. paren- tesi quadre; Sp. parentesis angulares, corchetes; Sw. klammer, vinkelparentes. broadside. A sheet of paper printed on one side only. Dan. Etbladstryk; Du. eenblad-druk; Fr. feuille de> papier imprimee d'un seul cote; Ger. Einblattdruck; //. foglio di carta stampato solamente da una parte; Sp. hoja suelta impresa en una sola cara; Siv. ettbladstryck. brushproof. Dan. Borsteaftrsek; Du. proefblad met den borstel getrokken; Fr. epreuve k la brosse; Ger. Biirstenabzug, Abklatsch; It. bozza col ruUo; Sp. prueba sacada con escobilla. 14 ENGLISH calendering, (pa.) Making paper smooth and glossy. Webster. Dan. Glitning; Du. satineering; Fr. sati- nage; Ger. Satinieren; //. satinatura; Sp. satinacion; Sw. satinering. calf leather. Dan. Kalveskind; Du. kalfsleer; Fr. peau de veau; Ger. Kalbleder; //. vitello; Sp. becerrillo, vitela; Sw. kalf- skinn. calico. Dan. KaHko, Bogbinderlaerred ; Du. katoen; Fr. percaline, calicot; Ger. Kaliko, Perkal; //. percaUina; Sp. percal, percalina; Sw. kalika. cancel. A leaf or part of any printed matter or work suppressed or stricken out, also any printed matter substituted for that stricken out. Dan. omtrykt Blad; Die. verbeterblad ; Fr. feuillet refait, carton refait, defet; Ger. Auswechselblatt, Answurfbogen, Karton, Umdruckblatt; //. foglietto ristampato a cagione di qualche errore; Sp. carton, cuartilla; Sw. kartong. canceled, (e.) crossed out or obliterated. Dan. overstroget; Du. doorgeschrapt; Fr. bifife; Ger. durchgestrichen ; //. biffato; Sp. borrado; Sw. utstruket. capital letter. See letter, capital. 15 TECHNICAL TERMS capitals, small, (pr.) Letters made in imita- tion of capitals, but of smaller size. Stand. Diet. Dan. Kapitelker, smaa Kapitaler; Dii. kleine kapitalen; Fr. petites capitales; Ger. Kapitalchen; //. maiuscoletti ; Sp. versalitas; Sw. kapitaler. case. Dan. Federal ; Du. foedraal; Fr. etui; Ger. Futteral; //. custodia, busta; Sp. caja; Sw. fodral. catchword. The word placed at the bottom of each page, under the last line, which is to be printed as the first word on the following page. Webster. Dan. Kustos; Dii. bladwachter, custode; Fr. reclame; Ger. Kustode, Eckwort- kustode, Blattweiser, Blatthiiter; //. richiamo; Sp. reclamo; Siv. kustod. cento. A composition formed by verses or passages from different authors, ar- ranged in a new order. Webster. Dan. Flikkevserk; Du. dichtstuk samen- gesteld uit de werken van andere dich- ters; Fr. centon; Ger. Flickgedicht; It. centone; Sp. cent&n; Sw. dikt sam- manplockad af verser frin flere for- fattare. chapbook. A small book carried about for sale by hawkers. Webster. Dan. Flyveskrift solgt of Kolportorer; Du. vlugschrift; Fr. brochure vendue par des colporteurs; Ger. kolportierte 16 ENGLISH Flugschrift; Sp. folleto vendido por un pacotillero; Sw. utkolporterad flyg- skrift. chapter. Dan. Kapitel; Du. hoofdstuk; Fr. chapitre; Ger. Kapitel; //. capitolo; Sp. capitulo; Sw. kapitel. character. See letter. chase, (pr.) An iron frame used by printers to confine types when set in columns or pages. Webster. Dan. Formramme; Dii. vormraam; Fr. chassis d'imprimerie; Ger. Rahmen; It. telaio di stamperia; Sp. rama; Sw. formram. cheap edition. See edition, cheap. chiaroscuro, (e.) A method of printing en- gravings, usually wood-engravings, from blocks representing lighter and darker shades, used especially in the 15th and 16th centuries. Dan. Halvskyggetryk; Du. clair-obscuur; Fr. impression clair-obscure; Ger. Hell- dunkeldruck; //. stampa a chiaro-scuro; Sp. claroscuro ; Sw. klarobskyr tryck. clasp. A small hook to hold together the covers of a book. Webster. Dan. Haegte; Du. klamp; Fr. fermoir; Ger. Schloss, Schliesse; //. borchia, fermaglio; Sp. broche para cerrar un libro; Siv. knappe. close matter, (pr.) See matter, close. 17 TECHNICAL TERMS cloth, (bb.) Dan. Shirting; Du. linnen; Fr. toile; Ger. Leinwand; //. tela; Sp. tela; Suk klot, linne. coat of arms. Originally a surcoat charged with heraldic devices, hence the armorial bearings of a person. Stand. Diet. Dan. Vaabenskjold; Dii. wapenschild; Fr. blason, amies; Ger. Wappen; //. stemma; Sp. escudo dearmas, escudete; Siv. vapenskjold. collected works. See works, collected, collection. Dan. Samling; Dn. verzameling, collectie; Fr. collection; Fr. recueil, collection; Ger. Sammlung; //. raccolta; Sp. colec- cion; Siv. samling. collective title. See title, collective, colon. Dan. Kolon; Du. dubbelpunt; Fr. deux points; Ger. Kolon, Doppelpunkt; //. due punti; Sp. colon; Sw. kolon. colophon. An inscription at the end of a book containing the place and year of publication, the printer's name, etc. A colophon is found only in early printed books. Dan. Kolofon; Du. slotschrift; Fr. sou- scription, colophon; Ger. Endschrift, Schlusschrift, Explicit, Rubrum, Kolo- phon; //. sottoscrizione; Sp. colofon; Sw. kolofon. 18 ENGLISH colored. Dan. koloreret, kulort; Dii. gekleurd; Fr. enlumine, en couleurs; Ger. koloriert, in Farben; //. miniato; Sp. miniado; Sw. fargad, kulort. colored work or polychromy. Dan. Farvetryk; Dii. kleurendruk; Fr. impression en couleurs; Ger. Mehrfar- bendruck; It. stampa a colori; Sp. estampa en colores; Sw. fargtryck. column, (pr.) One of two or more vertical series of lines, separated by a rule or blank space. Stand. Diet. Dan. Spalte; Du. kolom; Fr. colonne; Ger. Spalte, Kolonne; //. colonna; Sp. columna; Suk spalt. column rule, (pr.) A thin brass strip, type- high, used to mark the division of columns. Stand. Diet. Dan. Spaltelinie; Du. streep tusschen twee kolommen; Fr. colombelle, filet de milieu; Ger. Spaltenlinie; //. riga di colonna; Sp. raya de columna, corondel; Sw. spaltlinje. combed edges. See edges, combed. comma. Dan. Komma; Du. Komma; Fr. virgule; Ger. Komma; It. virgola; Sp. coma; Sw. komma. commence even or flush, (pr.) Dan. begynde uden Indrykning; Du. zonder inspringen beginnen; Fr. com- mencer sans renfoncement; Ger. stumpf 19 TECHNICAL TERMS anfangen; It. cominciare in riga, comin- ciare senza capoverso; Sp. comenzar igual; Siv. borja utan indrag. commentator. See annotator. compilation. Dan. Kompilation, Samling; Dii. com- pilatie; Fr. compilation; Ger. Samm- lung; //. compilamento, compilazione; Sp. compilacion; Sw. kompilation, sam- ling. compiler. Dan. Samler, Kompilator; Dii. verzame- laar; Fr. compilateur ; Ger. Sammler; //. compilatore; Sp. compilador; Sw. kom- pilator, samlare. complete. Dan. komplet; Du. complect; i^r. complet; Ger. vollstandig; //. eompiuto, per- fetto; Sp. completo, perfecto; Sw. kom- plett. complete edition. Dan. fuldstaendig Udgave; Du. volle- dige uitgaaf; Fr. edition des oeuvres completes; Ger. Gesamtausgabe ; //. opere complete, corpo; Sp. edicion de obras completas; Sw. fullstandig upp- laga. compose, to. (pr.) To set types or char- acters in a composing stick, arranging the letters in the proper order. Dan. saette; Dn. zetten; Fr. composer; Ger. setzen; //. comporre; Sp. componer; Sw. satta. 20 ENGLISH composing board or letter board, (pr.) Dan. Saettebraedt ; Du. letterplank, zet- plank der letterzetters; Fr. composoir; Ger. Setzbrett; It. bancone; Sp. ana- quel para tipos; Sw. sattbrade. composing machine or typesetting machine. (pr.) Dan. Saettemaskine; Du. zetmachine; Fr. machine a composer; Ger. Setz- maschine; //. macchina a comporre; Sp. maquina para componer las letras; Sw. sattmaskin. composing rule or setting rule, (pr.) A thin piece of type-high brass or steel rule, cut to a required measure, but with a beak left at one or both of the upper corners. Used in setting and handling type. Stand. Diet. Dan. Saettelinie; Dii. zetlijn; Fr. reglette; Ger. Setzlinie; //. filetto; Sp. regleta; Sw. sattlinje. composing stick, (pr.) A tray or receptacle, capable of adjustment, so as to vary the length of a line as required, which the compositor holds in his left hand, and in which he arranges in words and lines the type that he takes from the cases. Stand. Diet. Dan. Vinkelhage; Du. zethaak, winkel- haak; Fr. composteur; Ger. Winkel- haken; It. compositoio; Sp. com- ponedor; Sw. vinkeihake. 21 TECHNICAL TERMS composition, interlined or leaded matter. (pr.) Composition with leads between the lines. Dan. skudt Sats; Dii. zetsel met inter- linies; Fr. composition interlignee; Ger. durchschossener Satz; //. composizione interlineata; Sp. composicion regleteada Sw. mellanslagen sats. composition, spaced, (pr.) Dan. spaerret Sats; Du. gespatieerd zet- sel; Fr. composition espacee; Ger. ge- sperrter Satz, splendider Satz ; //. com- posizione spazieggiata ; Sp. composici&n espaciada; Sw. sparrad sats. compositor, (pr.) One who sets type. Dan. Saetter; Du. letterzetter; Fr. com- positeur; Ger. Setzer; //. compositore; Sp. cajista; Sw. sattare. condition, in good, (bo.) Dan. i god Tilstand; Du. in goeden toe- stand; Fr. en bon etat; Ger. in gutem Zustand; //. in buono stato; Sp. en buen estado, bien conservado; Sw. i godt stand. consecutive numbering of pages or continu- ous pagination. Dan. fortlobende Paginering; Du. door- loopende paginatuur; Fr. pagination continue; Ger. fortlaufcnde Numerie- rung; //. paginatura continua; Sp. paginacion continua; Sw. fortlopande paginering. 22 ENGLISH contents. Dan. Indhold; Dii. inhoud; Fr. contenu, matieres; Ger. Inhalt; //. contenuto; Sp. contenido; Siv. innehall. context. Dan. Sammenhaeng; Dti. samenhang; Fr. contexte; Ger. Zusammenhang; //. con- testo; Sp. contexto; Siv. sammanhang. continued, to be. Dan. fortsat, Fortssettelse folger; Du. wordt vervolgd; Fr. a suivre; Ger. Fort- setzung folgt; //. continua; Sp. continu- ara; Siu. fortsatt, fortsattning foljer. continuous pagination. See consecutive numbering of pages, copper-engraving. See copperplate-engrav- ing, copper-plate engraving, (e.) An impression from an engraved copper-plate. Stand. Diet. Dan. Kobberstik; Du. kopergravure ; Fr. gravure en taille douce; Ger. Kupfer- stich; //. incisione in rame; Sp. gra- bado en cobre; Sw. kopparstick. • copy. Duplicate of a manuscript. Dan. Genpart, Kopi; Du. kopij; Fr. copie; Ger. Kopie, Abschrift, Duplikat; It. copia; Sp. copia; Sw. kopia. copy. A single book or a set of books. Stand. Diet. Dan. Eksemplar; Du. exemplaar; Fr. exemplaire; Ger. Exemplar: //. esem- plare; Sp. ejemplar; Siv. exemplar, 23 TECHNICAL TERMS copy, fine, (bo.) Dan. smukt Eksemplar; Du. schoon ex- emplaar; Fr. bel exemplaire; Ger. schones Exemplar; It. bell' esemplare; Sp. ejemplar hermoso; Sw. felfritt ex- emplar. copyright. The exclusive right secured by law to authors to publish and dispose of their works for a limited time. Stand. Diet. Dan. Forlagsret; Du. kopijrecht, auteurs- recht; Fr. droit d'impression, droits d'auteur; Ger. Verlagsrecht ; //. pro- prieta letteraria ; Sp. propiedad de una obra literaria, derechos de autor; Sw. forlagsratt. corner of a book. Dan. Hjornet af en Bog; Dii. hoek van een boek; Fr. coin d'un livre; Ger. Ecke eines Buches; //. angolo di un libro, punta, cantone; Sp. cantonera; Siv. horn af en bok. correspondence. Dan. Breweksling; Du. briefwisseiing, correspondentie ; Fr. correspondance ; Ger. Briefwechsel, Korrespondenz ; //. carteggio; Sp. correspondencia ; Sw. brefvexling. cotton paper. Dan. Bomuldspapir; Dii. boomwolpapier; Fr. papier de coton; Ger. Baumwoll- papier; It. carta bambagina; Sp. papel de. algod&n ; Sw. bomuUspapper. 24 ENGLISH cover, (bb.) Dan. Omslag; Du. omslag; Fr. couverture; Ger. Umschlag, Deckel; It. copertina; Sp. cubierta; Siv. omslag. cover, publisher's, (bb.) Dan. Originalomslag; Du. oorspronkelij k omslag; Fr. couverture originale; Ger. Originalumschlag; //. copertina origi- nale ; Sp. cubierta original ; Sw. original- omslag. cropped. Trimmed close to the print. Stand. Diet. Dan. steerkt beskaaret; Du. kort afge- sneden; Fr. decoupe, trop rogne; Ger. stark beschnitten; //. smarginato; Sp. muy recortado ; Siv. kort afskuren. cul de lampe. See tail-piece. cuneiform characters. Wedge-shaped char- acters used by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians. Stand. Diet. Dan. Kileskrift; Du. spijkerschrift; Fr. ecriture cuneiforme; Ger. Keilschrift; //. caratteri cuneiformi; Sp. caracteres cuneiformes; Sw. kilskrift. cursive characters. See Italics. cut. See engraving. cut down, (bb.) Dan. beskaaret; Du. gesnoeid; Fr. rogne; Ger. beschnitten ; //. rafifilato ; Sp. recor- tado; Sw. afskuren. D dagger or obelisk, (pr.) A reference mark [t], so named from its form. 25 TECHNICAL TERMS Dan. Obelisk, Daggert, Kors; Du. kruisje; Fr. croix; Ger. Kreuz; //. crocetta; Sp. cruz; Sw. kors. daily. Dan. daglig; Du. dagelijksch; Fr. quoti- dian; Ger. taglich; //. quotidian© ; Sp. cotidiano; Sw. daglig. dash. A mark or line in writing or printing, noting a break or stop in the sentence. Webster. Dan. Tankestreg; Du. streepje; Fr. trait suspensif; Ger. Gedankenstrich; //. tratto di penna; Sp. rasgo de pluma; Sw. tankstreck. dead heading. See heading, dead, dedication. An address or inscription to a patron or friend, prefixed or attached to a Hterary, musical, or artistic work, as a token of gratitude or respect. Stand. Diet. Dan. Tilegnelse; Du. opdracht, toewij- ding; dedicatie; Fr. dedicace; Ger. Widmung, Zueignung, Dedikation; //. dedica; Sp. dedicatoria; Sw. tilleg- nande. dentelle border, (bb.) A lace-like decora- tion. Stand. Diet. Dan. kniplingsdannet Forsiring; Du. ver- siering in kantvorm; Fr. dentelles; Ger. Spitzornament; //. merletto, pizzo, den- telle; Sw. spetsbordyr. deposit copy. A copy of a book delivered to certain libraries according to law. 26 ENGLISH Dan. Pligtexemplar; Dii. verplicht exem- plaar; Fr. depot legal; Ger. Pflicht- exemplar; //. deposito legale; Sp. de- posito legal; Siv. arstryck, pliktexem- plar. descending letters. See tail-type, design or drawing. Dan. Tegning; Dii. teekening; Fr. dessin; Ger. Zeichnung; //. disegno; 5^. dibujo; Sw. teckning. dictionary. Dan. Ordbog, Leksikon; Du. woorden- boek; Fr. dictionnaire; Ger. Worter- buch; //. dizionario; Sp. diccionario; Siv. ordbok. direction line. The abbreviated title of a book at the foot of the first page of each sheet. Dan. Norm; Du. titel-signatuur; Fr. sig- nature de titre; Ger. Norm; //. segna- tura; Sp. linea de reclamo; Sw. norm, directory. Dan. Vejviser; D^l. adresboek; Fr. al- manach des adresses; Ger. Adressbuch; //. elenco degl' indirizzi; Sp. directorio, anuario; Sxy. adresskalender. discontinued. Dan. ophort at udkomme; Du. uitgave gestaakt; Fr. cesse de paraitre; Ger. eingegangen; //. morto; Sp. ha dejado de publicarse; Siv. upphort at utkomma. dissertation or thesis. Dan. Disputats; Du. academisch proef- schrift, dissertatie; Fr. th^se; Ger. 27 TECHNICAL TERMS Thesis, Abhandlung; //. tesi ; Sp. diser- tacion; Sw. thes, afhandling. distribute the types, (pr.) Dan. laeggeaf; Du. distribueeren ; Fr. dis- tribuer les types; Ger. ablegen; //. scomporre; Sp. distribuir los tipos; Siv. lagga af. division or section. Dan. Afdeling, Afsnit; Du. afdeeling; Fr. division, section; Ger. Abteilung, Ab- schnitt; //. divisione, sezione; Sp. division, seccion, parrafo; Sw. afdel- ning. dog's ear. The corner of a book, turned Hke a dog's ear. Dan. iEselsore; Du. ezelsoor; Fr. corne, oreille d'ane;Ggr. Eselsohr; It. orecchio, canto ripiegato d'una pagina; Sp. hoja doblada de un Ubro; Sw. hundora. dotted prints, (e.) Engravings in which the design is brought out by white dots and lines, or sometimes by white dots only, or by white lines only, on a black ground. Fr. maniere criblee; Ger. Schrotblatt; Sp. grabado crible. dotted rule, (pr.) Dan. punkteret Linie; Du. gepunteerde regel; Fr. filet points ; Ger. punktierte Linie; //. linea punteggiata; Sp. linea de puntos; Sw. punkterad linje. 28 ENGLISH double, (pr.) Dan. Bryllup; Du. dubbel gezet woord; Fr. double; Ger. Doppelsatz, Hochzeit; //. duplicatura; Sp. duplicado; Sw. brollop. draft, rough. See sketch, drama. Dan. Skuespil; Du. tooneelspel ; Fr. drame; Ger. Schauspiel; //. dramma; Sp. drama; Sw. skadespel. drawing. See design, dry point, (e.) (1.) A fine etching-needle used to incise copperplate in fine lines without the use of acid or etching ground. (2.) Work thus engraved. Stand. Diet. Dan. kold Naal, kold Naal Radering; Du. droge naald, droge naald ets; Fr. pointe seche; Ger. Kaltnadelstich; //. punta secca; Sp. punta seca; Sw. torrnal, kall- nal, torrnal radering, kallnal radering. duck, (bb.) A strong untwilled linen or cotton fabric used in bookbinding. Stand. Diet. Dan. Sejldug; Du. zeildoek; Fr. canevas; Ger. Segeltuch; It. tela di vela; Sp. tela para velas ; Sw. segelduk. E early copies. See advance sheets. edge, lower or tail, (bb.) Dan. Undersnit; Du. staart, ondersnee; Fr. queue; Ger. Schwanz, unterer Schnitt; It. il disotto del libro; Sp. canto inferior; Sw. undersnitt. 29 TECHNICAL TERMS edges, (bb.) Dan. Snit; Du. snede, snee; Fr. tranches; Ger. Schnitt; It. taglio del libro; Sp. corte, canto; Siv. boksnitt. edges, combed, (bb.) Dan. Kammarmorsnit ; Dii. kammarmer- snee; i^r. tranches peignees; Ger. Kam- marmorschnitt; //. tagUo marmorizzato al pettine; Sp. cortes jaspeados, cantos jaspeados; Siv. marmorsnitt. edges, gilt, (bb.) Dan. Guldsnit; Du. verguld op snede; Fr. dore sur tranches, tranches dorees; Ger. mit Goldschnitt; It. dorato sui fogh, tagho dorato; Sp. cantos dorados, cortes dorados; Sw. forgyldt snitt. edges, marbled, (bb.) Da7i. Marmorsnit; Dii. gemarmerd op snede; Fr. tranches marbrees; Ger. Marmorschnitt; It. marmoreggiato sui fogli; Sp. cantos jaspeados; Sw. mar- morsnitt. edges, red. (bb.) Dan. rodt Snit; Du. roodgekleurd op snede; Fr. tranches rouges; Ger. Rot- schnitt; //. tagho rosso; Sp. cantos rojos, cantos encarnados; Siv. rodt snitt. edges, sprinkled, (bb.) Dan. spraengt Snit; Du. gespikkeld op snede; Fr. tranches jaspees; Ger. ge- sprenkelter Schnitt; Sp. cantos jaspea- dos; //. taglio spruzzato; Sw. spriingdt snitt. 30 ENGLISH edges, tooled, (bb.) Dan. ciseleret Snit; Dii. geciseleerde snede; Fr. tranches ciselees; Ger. zise- lierter Schnitt, gepunzter Schnitt; //. taglio cesellato; Sp. cantos cincelados; Sw. ciseleradt snitt. edited. Dan. bearbejdet; Du. bewerkt; Fr. edite; Ger. bearbeitet; //. edito; Sp. hecho, escrito, compuesto; Sw. bearbetad. edition. Dan. Udgave, Oplag; Dii. uitgaaf, oplaag, druk; Fr. edition, tirage; Ger. Ausgabe, Auflage; //. edizione, impressione ; Sp. edici6n, tirada; Sw. upplaga. edition, cheap. Dan. billig Udgave; Du. goedkoope uit- gaaf; Fr. edition a bon marche; Ger. billige Ausgabe; //. edizione economica; Sp. edicion barata; Sw. godtkopsupp- laga. edition, limited. Dan. lille Oplag; Dii. beperkte uitgaaf, kleine oplaag; Fr. tirage limite; tire a petit nombre; Ger. kleine Auflage; //. edizione limitata, tiratura di pochi esem- plari; Sp. edici&n de pocos ejemplares, corta edicion; Sw. liten upplaga. edition, popular. Dan. Folkeudgave; Du. volksuitgaaf ; Fr. edition populaire; It. edizione popolare; Sp. edici&n popular; Sw. folkupplaga. 31 TECHNICAL TERMS editor (of a book). Dan. Udgiver; Du. bewerker, uitgever; Fr. editeur; Ger. Herausgeber; It. edi- tore; Sp. editor; Sw. utgifvare. editor (of a newspaper). Dan. Redaktor; Du. redacteur; Fr. redac- teur, directeur; Ger. Schrif tleiter ; //. redattore; Sp. redactor, director; Sio. redaktor. editorial or leader. An article in a newspaper or magazine presumably written by the editor, and published as an official ex- pression of opinion. Stand. Diet. Dan. ledende Artikel; Du. hoofdartikel ; Fr. article de fond; Ger. Leitartikel; It. articolo di fondo; Sp. editorial; Sw. redaktors ledare. engraver. Dan. Gravor; Du. plaatsnijder, graveur; Fr. graveur; Ger. Graveur; It. intaglia- tore; Sp. grabador; Sw. gravor. engraving or cut. Dan. Stik; Du. plaat; Fr. gravure; Ger. Stich; //. incisione; Sp. grabado; Sw. gravyr. engraving, copper. See copper-plate engrav- ing. engraving, steel. See steel engraving. engraving, stipple. See stipple engraving. engraving, wood. See wood engraving. enlarged. Dan. foroget; Du. vermeerderd; Fr. aug- mente; Ger. vermehrt; //. accresciuto, 32 ENGLISH aumentato; Sp. aumentado; Sw. tillo- kad. entitled. Dan. med Titel; Dii. getiteld; Fr. intitule; Ger. mit Titel; /.'. intitolato; Sp. titu- lado; Siv. med titel. etching. Dan. Radering; Dii. ets, sterkwaterplaat ; Fr. eau-forte; Ger. Radierung; //. inci- sione coll' acqua forte, acqua forte; Sp. grabado al agua fuerte, agua fuerte; Sw. radering. etching ground, (e.) The coating of wax or varnish on a plate prepared for etching. Stand. Did. Dan. Radeergrund, ^Etsbund; Z)«. .ets- grond; Fr. vernis de graveur; Ger. Radiergrund; //. strato da incidere; Sp. barniz de grabadores; Sw. etsgrund. even page. See page, even, exclamation point. Dan. Udraabstegn ; Dii. uitroepingsteeken; Fr. point d 'exclamation; Ger. Ausrufs- zeichen; It. punto esclamativo; Sp. puntos de admiracion ; Sw. utropstecken. expense, at the author's. See at the author's expense, extract. Dan. Uddrag, Udtog; Dn. uittreksel; Fr. extrait; Ger. Auszug; //. estratto; Sp. extracto; Sw. utdrag. 33 TECHNICAL TERMS false line. See line, false, fancy letter. See letter, fancy, fascicle. Dan. Levering, Haefte; Dit. aflevering; Fr. livraison, fascicule; Ger. Lieferung, Heft; It. dispensa, fascicolo; Sp. en- trega, fascicule; Siv. hafte. fat. (pr.) Pieces of composition, for instance, running titles, that are kept for future use and are not taken apart till the whole work is finished. Dan. Svinesteg; Dii. spek; Fr. du bon; Ger. Speck; //. roba buona, composi- zione agevole; Sic. fortel. filleted. Dan. med Linieornamentering; Dti. gefiietteerd; Fr. orne d'un filet; Ger. mit einer Leiste dekoriert; //. filettato; Sp. fileteado; Sw. med linieornamen- tering. fine copy. See copy, fine, first form. See form, first, flush. See commence even, flyleaf. A blank leaf at the beginning or end of a book. Stand. Diet. Dan. Forssetsblad ; Du. blank blad, schut- blad; Fr. garde, feuille blanche, feuille de garde; Ger. Vorsatzblatt, Vorsatz ; It. foglio bianco, guardia; Sp. guarda; Sw. forsattspapper, forsattsblad. 34 ENGLISH flysheet. A small sheet of paper such as is used for printing hand bills, etc. Dan. Flyveblad; Du. los blad; Fr. feuille volante, piece volante; Ger. Flugblatt; //. foglio volante; Sp. hoja volante; Siv. flygblad. fly-title. See half-title. folded. Da7i. sammenfoldet; Du. gevouwen; Fr. plie; Ger. gefaltet; //. ripiegato; Sp. plegado; Sw. inviken, hopviken. foot-note (b.) A note at the foot of the page. Da7i. Note under Teksten; Du. noot; Fr. note de pied; Ger. Fussnote; //. nota in calce; Sp. nota al pie; Sw. anmark- ning nederst pa sidan. for press, (pr.) Dan. kan rentrykkes, fserdig til Trykken; Dii. voor de pers gereed; Fr. bon a tirer; Ger. druckfertig; //. si stampi, visto : si stampi ; Sp. listo para ponerle en prensa, puede imprimirse; Sw. tryck- fardig. fore-edge. Dari. Forsnit; Du. voorsnede; Fr. gout- tiere; Ger. Vorderschnitt, Schnauze; //. davanti del libro, gola del libro, canale del libro; Sp. media caiia; Sw. framsnitt. form or composition, (pr.) Dan. Sats; Du. zetsel; Fr. composition; Ger. Satz, Typenform; //. composi- zione; Sp. forma, composicion; Sw. sats. 35 TECHNICAL TERMS form, first, (pr.) Dan. Skontryksform, Primaform; Du. schoondruk; Fr. forme premiere, cote de premiere; Ger. Schondruck; //. bianca, stampa in bianca; Sp. bianco; Siv. primaform. form, second, (pr.) Dan. Gentrykform, Vidertrykform, Sekundaform; Dii. weerdruk; Fr. seconde forme, cote de seconde; Ger. Widerdruck; //. volta, stampa in volta; Sp. retiraci&n; Sw. sekundaform. fox-skin. Dan. Rceveskind; Dii. vossenleer; Fr. peau de renard; Ger. Fuchsleder; //. pelle di volpe; Sp. piel de zorra; Sw. rafskinn. fragment. Dan. Brudstykke; Dii. fragment; Fr. fragment; Ger. Bruchstiick; //. fram- mento; Sp. fragmento; Sw. fragment. frontispiece. A plate or illustration in the front of a book facing or preceding the title page. Dan. Titelkobber; Du. titelplaat, frontis- pice; Fr. frontispice; Ger. Titelkupfer; D.. antiporta figurata, antiporta ornata; Sp. frontis grabado; Sw. titelplansch. full face types. See types, bold face, furniture, (pr.) Wooden or metal strips of less than type-height, put around and between pages of type to make proper 36 ENGLISH margins, and fill the spaces between the pages and the chase. Stand. Diet. Dan. Forms Stege pi. ; Dn. houtblokjes pi. ; Fr. garniture ; Ger. Stege pi. ; It. margi- natura di legno o di piombo; Sp. forni- tura; Sw. steg. galley, (pr.) A flat oblong tray, commonly of brass, flanged on one or both sides and at one end, for holding composed type. Stand. Diet. Dan. Skib; Dii. galei, zetraam; It. galee; Ger. SetzschifT ; /^. vantaggio ; 5/>. galera; Siv. sattskepp. galley proof or slip-proof, (pr.) An impression taken from type on a galley. Stand. Diet. Dan. Korrekturaftryk i Strimler uden Paginering; Du. galei-proef; /^r. epreuve en placard; Ger. Fahnenabzug; //. bozza in colonnini; Sp. galerada; Siv. afdrag af forradssattning. gathering, (bb.) The collecting and plac- ing in consecutive order the signatures of folded sheets of a book or pamphlet. Dan. Arkenes Ordning; Dn. bijeenbren- gen, vergaren; Fr. assemblage; Ger. Lage; It. assembramento di fogli; Sp. alzado; Sw. laggens ordning. general-index. Dan. Generalregister; Du. verzamel- index; Fr. index general; Ger. Gesamt- 37 TECHNICAL TERMS register; //. indice generale; 5p. indice general; Sw. generalregister. gilt. Dan. forgyldt; Du. verguld; Fr. dore; Ger. vergoldet; It. dorato; Sp. dorado; Sw. forgyld. gilt edged. Da7i. med Guldsnit; Du. verguld op snede, met goudsnede; Fr. dore sur tranches, tranches dorees; Ger. mit Goldschnitt; //. dorato sui fogli; taglio dorato; Sp. cantos dorados, cortes dorados; Sw. for- gyldt snitt. gilt top. Dan. overste Snit forgyldt; Du. boven- snede verguld, kop verguld; Fr. t^te doree; Ger. oberer Schnitt vergoldet; It. dorato in testa, disopra dorato, ta- glio superiore dorato ; Sp. cabeza dorada ; Sw. forgyld topp. goatskin. Dan. Gedeskind; Du. geitenleer; Fr. peau de chevre; Ger. Ziegenhaut; //. pelle di capra; Sp. piel de cabra; Sw. getskinn. gold tooling, (bb.) Ornamentation with gold leaf by tooling. Stand. Did. Dan. Presseforgyldning ; Du. gouddruk; Fr. ornements en or; Ger. Goldpressung; li. ornamenti in oro; Sp. estampadura en oro; Stv. pressforgyllning. gothic letters. See letters, gothic. 38 ENGLISH guard, (bb.) One of the slips bound in at the back of an album, scrapbook, etc., to prevent its breaking when receiving an added illustration or leaf. Stand. Diet. Dan, Fals; Du. papierstrook ; Fr. onglet; Ger. Falz; //. brachetta; Sp. escarti- bana; Sw. fals. H half binding. A style of binding in which only the back and corners of a volume are covered with leather or cloth. Dan. Vaelskbind, Halvbind; Du. halfleeren band, halflinnen band; Fr. demi- reliure; Ger. Halbf ranzband ; It. mezza pelle, mezza tela; Sp. media pasta; Sw. halfband. half-title or bastard-title or fly-title. Dan. Smudstitel, Halvtitel; Du. Fransche titel, voor-de-handsche titel; Fr. faux- titre; Ger. Schmutztitel, Vorsatztitel; //. titolo falso, frontipizio falso, occhiet- to; Sp. falso frontis, falsa portada; Siu. smutstitel. hand-paper or hand-made paper. Dan. Bottepapir, Haandpapir; Du. ge- schept papier; Fr. papier verge, papier h. la cuve; Ger. Biittenpapier, Handpapier; It. carta a mano; Sp. papel trabajado a mano; Siv. dokument papper, hand- gjordt papper. head of a book, (bb.) Dan. overste Snit; Du. kop; Fr. tete; Ger. Kopf, oberer Schnitt; It. disopra 39 TECHNICAL TERMS del libro, taglio superiore, testa del libro; Sp. cabeza del libro; Szv. ofre snitt. headband, (bb.) A decorativ^e terminal cord or roll forming the end of the inner back of a book. Stand. Diet. Dan. Kapital paa en Bog, Kapitaltoj ; Du. kapitaalband ; Fr. tranchefile; Ger. Kapitalband; //. capitello, tranciafila; Sp. cabezada de libro; Su'. kapitaling. heading. Daft. Overskrift, Rubrik; Dii. hoofd, opschrift, bovenschrift, rubriek; Fr. rubrique; Ger. Uberschrift, Rubrik; //. intestazione, testata; Sp. encabe- zamiento; Szc. ofverskrift, rubrik. heading, dead or paginal number, (pr.) Dan. Kolumnetitel, Sidenummer; Du. doode kolommentitel, volgnummer der bladzijde; Fr. chififre de la page; Ger. toter Kolumnentitel, Kolumnenziflfer; //. numero d'una pagina; Sp. titulo con solo la paginaci&n; Siv. dod kolumntitel. heading, live or running title. Da7i. levende Kolumnetitel; Dit. verander- lijke koptitel, levende kolommentitel; Fr. titre courant; Ger. lebender Kolum- nentitel; It. titolo corrente; Sp. titulo con palabras, titulo de p&.gina; Sio. lef- vande kolumntitel. head-line, (pr.) A line of type set above the text to which it refers, in a book, news- paper, etc. Stand. Diet. 40 ENGLISH Dan. Titellinie; Du. bovenregel; Fr. ligne de tete; Ger. Hauptzeile; It. riga di testa; Sp. linea de cabeza; Sw. hufvud- linje, rubrikrad. head-margin. The blank space above the first line of the first page. Dan. Nedrykning paa den forste Side; Du. open vak op de eerste bladzijde; Fr. blanc du folio recto ; Ger. Vorschlag, Uberschlag; //. il bianco della prima pagina sopra la prima riga; Sp. espacio en bianco de la primera pagina sobre el primero renglon; Siv. nedryckning pa den forsta sida. head-piece. The decorative design at the top of a printed page or above a chap- ter-heading Stand. Diet. Dan. Begyndelsesvignet ; Du. kopvig- nette; vignette aan het begin van een hoofdstuk; Fr. en-tete, tete de chapitre; Ger. Kopfvignette; //. capopagina, tes- tata illustrata; Sp. cabeza de un capi- tulo; Siv. anfangsvignet. hogskin. See pigskin. hours. See book of hours. hyphen. Dan. Bindestreg; Du. koppelteeken ; Fr. tiret, trait d'union; Ger. Bindestrich; //. tratto d'unione; Sp. guion; Sw. bindestreck. I illumination. Embellishment of old manu- scripts with colors and gold. 41 TECHNICAL TERMS Dan. lUuminering; Du. verluchting; Fr. enluminure; Ger. Illuminierung; //. miniatura; Sp. iluminacion; Sw. il- luminering, farglagd prydnad. illuminator. Dan. Illuminator; Du. verluchter, kleur- der; Fr. enlumineur, miniaturiste; Ger. Illuminator; //. miniatore; Sp. ilumi- nador; Siu. illuminist. illustration. Dan. Afbildning, Illustration; Du. af- beelding, illustratie; Fr. figure, illustra- tion; Ger. Abbildung, Illustration; It. figura, illustrazione; Sp. ilustracion, figura; Siv. afbildning, illustration, imperfect or incomplete. Dan. defekt, ufuldstaendig; Du. geschon- den; Fr. imparfait; Ger. mangelhaft, unvollstandig; //. difettoso, imperfetto; Sp. defectuoso; Siv. ofullstandig. impression, (e.) A print struck off from an engraved plate or stone. Stand. Did. Dan. Aftryk; Du. afdruk; Fr. tirage; Ger. Abdruck; //. tiratura; Sp. impresion; Sw. aftryck. imprint. The section of the title-page which gives the name of the publisher, place and date of printing. Dan. Trykangivelse; Du. drukkersop- gaaf; Fr. adresse bibliographique; Ger. Erscheinungsvermerk; //. nota tipogra- fica; 5/?. piede imprenta; 5w. angif\else af tryckort och forlaggare. 42 ENGLISH imprint date or year of publication. Dan. Trykkeaar, Udgivelsesaar ; Dii. jaar van druk, jaar van uitgaaf; Fr. date d' impression, date de publication; Ger. Druckjahr, Erscheinungsjahr; It. data di stampa, data di pubblicazione; Sp. aiio de imprenta, aiio de la edicion; Sw. tryckar, utgifningsar. in a lot. Dan. under Et; Du. en bloc, in eens, ongeteld; Fr. a forfait, en bloc; Ger. im Ganzen; //. in blocco; Sp. sin contar, a granel ; Siv. en bloc. incomplete. See imperfect, incunabula, pi. Books printed before or shortly after A.d. 1500. Dan. Vuggetryk; Du. wiegedrukken ; eerstelingsdrukken ; Fr. incunables; Ger. Erstlingsdrucke, Wiegendrucke; //. incunaboli; Sp. libros incunables; Sw. inkunabler. indent, to. (pr.) Dan. indrykke; Du. inspringen; Fr. ren- foncer; Ger. einen Satz einziehen; It. indentare; Sp. sangrar; Siv. indraga. indention, (pr.) The setting in of a line or body of type by a blank space at the beginning or left hand, as in the first line of a paragraph. Stand. Diet. Dan. Indrykning; Du. inspringing; Fr. renfoncement ; Ger. Einzug des Satzes; D.. rientramento ; Sp. sangria; Sw. indrag. 43 TECHNICAL TERMS index or table of contents. Dan. Indholdsfortegnelse, Register; Dii. bladwijzer, inhoudsopgave ; Fr. table des matieres; Ger. Inhaltsverzeichnis, Register, Elenchus; It. indice, tavola delle materie; Sp. indice, tablade mate- rias; Sw. innehallsforteckning, register. index of names. Dan. Navnefortegnelse ; Dii. naamregister ; Fr. table des noms propres ; Ger. Namen- register; //. indice dei nomi proprii; Sp. tabla de los nombres; Siv. namn- forteckning. ink. Dan. Blsek; Du. inkt; Fr. encre;G^r. Tinte; //. inchiostro; Sp. tinta; Sw. black. ink, printer's. See printer's ink. inset. A printed leaf inserted in a book before binding. Dan. indsat Blad; Dii. ingestoken blad- zijde, insteek; Fr. encart; Ger. Einsteck- bogen; //. quartino, rincarto; Sp. encarte; Sw. inhaftadt blad. interleaf. A blank leaf inserted or bound between others, so as to permit written additions. Stand. Diet. Dan. indskudt Blad; Dii. doorgeschoten blad; Fr. feuillet blanc insere; Ger. Durchschussblatt; //. foglio bianco inserito; Sp. hoja intercalada; Sw. in- satt blankt papper. interleaved. Supplied with blank leaves in- serted between the other leaves. Stand. Diet. 44 ENGLISH Dan. gennemskudt med hvide Blade; Dii. doorschoten; Fr. interfolie; Ger. durch- schossen, interfoliiert; It. interfogliato; Sp. inter foliado; Sw. interfolierad. interrogation point. Dan. Sporgsmaalstegn ; Du. vraagteeken; Fr. point d'interrogation; Ger. Frage- zeichen; //. punto interrogative ; Sp. punto de interrogacion ; Sw. fragetecken. introduction. Dan. Inledning; Dii. inleiding; Fr. intro- duction; Ger. Einleitung; //. introdu- zione; Sp. introduccion; Sw. inledning. italics or cursive characters. Style of type in which the letters slope towards the right, invented in Italy about 1500, and now used for emphasis. Stand. Diet. Dan. Kursivskrift; Du. cursiefletters ; Fr. caracteres italiques; Ger. Kursivschrift, Italique; It. caratteri corsivi; Sp. letras cursivas, letras italianas, bastardillas, letras venecianas; 5^. kursivskrift. J job-printer. One who does miscellaneous printing, such as cards, posters, etc. Stand. Diet. Dan. Akcidenstrykker; Du. smoutdruk- ker; Fr. imprimeur des ouvrages de ville; Ger. Akzidenzdrucker; It. stam- patore in lavori di fantasia; Sp. im- presor de remiendos; Sw. accidenstryc- kare. 45 TECHNICAL TERMS job-printing. Miscellaneous printing, such as printing of cards, posters, handbills, etc. Stand. Diet. Dan. Akcidenstryk ; Du. smoutwerk; Fr. bilboquet, travail de ville; Ger. Akzi- denzdruck; It. lavori avventizi, lavori di fantasia ; Sp. remiendo ; Sw. accidens- tryck. justification, (pr.) Dan. Tilretning; Du. aankooiing; Fr. justification; Ger. Ausschliessung: //. giustezza dei caratteri; Sp. justifi- cacion; Siv. radutslutning. juvenile literature. Dan. Borneboger; Dii. kinderboeken ; Fr. ecrits pour I'enfance; Ger. Jugend- schriften; //. libri per I'infanzia; Sp. literatura para la juventud; Siv. ung- domsskrifter. label or lettering piece. Dan. Boglap; Du. rugschild; Fr. piece au dos; Ger. Riickenschild; It. cartello; cartellino; Sp. rotulo; Sw. boklapp. labeled. Dan. med Boglap; Du. met rugschild; Fr. avec etiquette; Ger. mit Etiquette versehen; //. cartellinato; 5/>. rotulado; Siv. med etikett. large paper. See paper, large, lead, (pr.) A thin strip of type-metal or brass, less than type-high, used in type 46 ENGLISH composition to separate lines. Stand. Diet. Dan. Skydelinie; Du. interlinie; Fr. inter- ligne; Ger. Durchschuss; //. interlinea; Sp. regleta, interlinea; Sw. mellanslag. leaded, (pr.) Type separated by leads. Stand. Diet. Dan. skudt; Dii. met interlinies; Fr. in- terligne; Ger. durchschossen ; //. interlineato; Sp. interlineado; Sw. mellanslagen. leaded matter. See composition, interlined, leader. See editorial. leaf. A single division of a folded sheet of paper. Stand. Diet. Dan. Blad; Du. blad; Fr. feuille, feuillet; Ger. Blatt; //. foglio; Sp. hoja, foja; Sw. blad. lean faced t3T)es. See tj^es, light faced, leather or skin. Dan. Laeder, Skind; Du. leder, leer, vel; Fr. peau, cuir; Ger. Leder, Haut; It. pelle, cuoio; Sp. piel, cuero; Sw. skinn. leaves, preliminary. Dan. indledende unumererede Blade; Du. voorwerk; Fr. feuilles preliminaires; Ger. einleitende unnumerierte Blatter; //. principi del libro; Sp. hojas pre- liminares; Sw. inledande onumrerade blad. letter. Dan. Brev; Du. brief; Fr. lettre; Ger. Brief; //. epistola; Sp. carta; Siv. bref. 47 TECHNICAL TERMS letter or character, (pr.) Dan. Bogstav, Skrifttegn; Du. letter; Fr. lettre; Ger. Buchstabe; //. lettera; Sp. letra, caracter; Sw. bokstaf. letter, battered, (pr.) Dan. Isederet Skriftegn; Dii. gekwetste letter; Fr. lettre usee, lettre fatiguee, lettre gatee; Ger. Defekt-Buchstabe; //. lettera guasta, lettera logora; Sp. letra machucada; Sw. defekt-bokstaf. letter, black, (pr.) See black letter. letter, capital, (pr.) Dan. stort Bogstav, Majuskel; D^i. hoofd- letter; Fr. lettre capitale, lettre majus- cule; Ger. Kapitalbuchstabe, Majuskel; It. lettera maiuscola; Sp. letra mayus- cula; Sw. stor bokstaf, versal, majuskel. letter, descending or tail type, (pr.) Dan. Bogstav som naar ned under Linien; D71. staartletter ; Fr. lettre a queue; Ger. geschwanzte Schrift; //. lettera dis- cendente, lettera con asta discendente; Sp. letra descendente; Sw. bokstaf som racker under linjen. letter, fancy, (pr.) Dan. forsiret Bogstav; Du. sierletter; Fr. lettre de fantaisie, lettre ornee; Ger. Zierbuchstabe ; //. lettera di fantasia; Sp. letra de adorno, letra de capricho, letra florida; Stv. utsirad bokstaf. letter, small, (pr.) Dan. lille Bogstav, Minuskel; Du. kleine letter; Fr. lettre minuscule; Ger. Minus- 48 ENGLISH kel; //. lettera minuscola; Sp. letra minuscula; Sw. liten bokstaf, minuskel. letter, turned, (pr.) Dan. blokeret Bogstav; Du. omgekeerde letter, geblokkeerde letter; Fr. lettre renversee, lettre bloquee; Ger. FHegen- kopf; //. lettera capovolta; Sp. letra revuelta ; Sw. upp och nedvand bokstaf. letter-board. See composing board. letter-head. Daw. Brevhoved; Dii. briefhoofd; Fr. tete de lettre; Ger. Briefkopf; It. intes- tazione di lettera; Sp. encabezamiento de carta; Stv. brefhufvud. lettering piece. See label. letters, German. See letters, Gothic. letters, Gothic or German letters, (pr.) Da7i. Fraktur, gotiske Bogstaver; Du. fractuur letters, Gothische letters; Fr. caracteres gotiques; Ger. Fraktur, gothische Typen; //. caratteri gotici; Sp. letras g&ticas; Sw. frakturstil. letters, Roman or antique, (pr.) Dan. Antiqua; Du. antiqua letters; Fr. caracteres romains; Ger. Antiqua, ro- mische Schrift; //. caratteri romani; Sp. letras romanas; Sw. antiqua. Ubel. Dan. Smaedeskrif t ; Du. schotschrift ; Fr. libelle; Ger. Schmahschrift; It. libello infamatorio ; Sp. libelo ; Sw. smadeskrift. light faced t)rpes. See types, light faced. limited edition. See edition, limited. 49 TECHNICAL TERMS line. Dan. Linie; Du. regel; Fr. ligne; Ger. Zeile; //. linea, riga; Sp. renglon; Sw. linje, rad. line, false, (pr.) End line of a paragraph at the beginning of a page. Dan. Horeunge; Du. halve regel aan het begin eener bladzijde of kolom; Fr. fausse-ligne; Ger. Hurenkind; //. ri- ghino in testa di colonna o di pagina; Sp. ultimo renglon de una alinea al comienzo de una pagina; Sw. utgangs- linje ofverst pa en sida. line engraving, (e.) Dan. Liniestik; Du. gravure in Hjnen- manier ; Fr. gravure au burin ; Ger. Grab- stichelmanier, Linienmanier; //. inta- glio di bulino; Sp. grabado al buril; Sw. gravering med grafstickel, buringravyr. list price or published price. Dan. Bogladepris; Du. prijs van uitgaaf; Fr. prix fort ; Ger. Ladenpreis ; //. prezzo lordo; Sp. precio de catalogo; Siv. bok- ladspris. lithograph. A print produced from a fiat litho- graphic stone on which a drawing, design or transfer has been made in a soapy ink or by other suitable process. Stand. Diet. Dan. Stentryk; Litografi; Du. steendruk- plaat; Fr. lithographic; Ger. Litho- graphic, Steindruck; //. litografia; Sp. litografia; Sw. stentryck, litografi. 50 ENGLISH live heading. See heading, live. loose back. See back, loose. lot, in a. See in a lot. 