None
287 attracted-disk, 287 capilkuy, 258, 292 J)eUmann*s, 286 Peliier*8, 286, 88^ portable, 287 quadrant {Lord Kelvin's), 288 repulsion, 286 torsion, 18 trap-door, 287 Electromotive-foroe, 169, 487 induced, 222 measurement of, 416 unit of, 854 Electromotive intensi^, 266, 288 Electromotors, 448, 484 Electro-Optics, 524 Electrophorus, 26 continuous, 26, 49 Electroplating, 496 INDEX 615 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs, Electroplating, dynamos for, 462 Electroscopes, 14 Benneta gold-leaf, 16, 28 Bohnenberger'8^ 16, 291 Fechner'8, 291 Cmbert's straw-needle, 15 Hankel'8, 291 Henley's quadrant, 17 Pith-ball, 8, 4 Votta*8 condensing, 79 Electroscopic powders, 81, 47, 299, 821 Electrostatic Optical Stress, 625 voltmeter, 290 Electrostatics, 8, 259 Electrotyping, 495 Element of Current, 344 ElweU- Parker alternator, 478 End-on method, 138 Energy, 1, 64 of magnetic field, 202 of charge of Leyden jar, 805 of electric current, 485 paths', 518 points in circuit where it is lost or gained, 248, 486 supply and measurement of, 485 Equator, Magnetic, 86 Equipotential surfaces, 267 magnetic, 887 (f) Equivalents, electro-chemical, 240 Erg, the (unit of work), 281 Ether, 1, 7, 64, 517 Evaporation produces electrification, discharge bv, 251 Everett^ James 2>., on atmospheric electricity, 884 on exact reading of galvan- ometer, 214 {footnote) on intensity of magnetization of earth, 865 Swing, Jame8 A., on limit of mag- netization, 868 curves of magnetization, 864 theory of magnetism, 127 Exchanges, telephone, 513 Excitation of Field-magnets, 465 Exciting power, 877 Expansion, electric, 800, 525 Extra-current, 459 Failukk and exhaustion of bat- teries, 172 Fall of potential along a wire, 289, 419 Farad, the (unit of capacity), 808, 354 Faraday,Micha£l, molecular theory of electricity, 7 chemical theory of cell, 178 dark discharge, 319 diamagnetism, 869, 878, 874 discovered inductive capaclty,- 25, 296, 298 discovery of magneto-induc- tion, 222 Disk machine, 227 electromagnetic rotation, 398 experiment on dielectric po- larization, 299 gauze-bag experiment, 34 hollow-cube experiment, 84 ice-pail experiment, 37 laws of electrolysis, 240, 242 length of spark, 313 Magnetic lines-of-force, 119 magnetism in crystals, 373 on Artigo'8 rotations, 457 , on dissipation of charge, 314 on electrodynamics, 392 on identity of different kinds of electricity, 245, 246, 316 predicted retardation in ca- bles, 801 Ring, 228 rotation of plane of polarized light, 526 voltameter, 242 Faure, CamUle, his Secondary Bat- tery, 492 Favre*8 experiments on heat of currents, 428 Fechner^s electroscope, 291 Fedderaen^ FT., on electric oscilla- tions, 514 Feeders, 440 Ferromagnetic substances, 369 Field, electric, 18, 16, 20, 22, 24, 262, 279, 299, 625 magnetic, 116, 202, 887, 462, 626 Field-magnet, 462 Field-magnets, excitation of, 465 Field-plate, 60 Figures, magnetic (see Magnetic Figures) electric, 31, 299, 824 Filament of incandescent lamps, 452 Filings for mapping fields, 121 Fh-e of St. "Fluhing" filamenU, 4» jneming and Demar^ resisUiioe si low tempenttore, 404 VUming^ John Ambrose^ \Aa Bat- tery, 108 rule aa to direetion of £.M.F., 226 Flax, nuHpietic, 142, 887, 868, 877 deDsity, 868 (footnote) Fontana on eleetric expansion, 800 Force, electric, 160 (Jootnote), 266, 276, 277 eleetramotive (see Eleetromo- tiveforce) magnetic, 91, 169 {footnote), near a straight conductor, 207, 848 on conductor in field, 840, 841 Form, effect of, on retentivity, 96 on lifting power, 114 *' Forming" accamolator plates, 492 Foster, George Careys us evalaa- tion of ohm, 858 method of testing, 415 FoucauU, Lion, his Begnlator Lamp, 449 Interruptor, 229 Foacault-currents (see Eddy-cur- rents) Franklin, Benjamin, discoyered ac- tion of points, mentioned in, 88 (c), 47, 829 cascade arrangement of Ley- den fars, 809 Electric chimes, 47 Electric kite, 829 Electric portraits, 817 his charged pane of glass, 55 invents lightning conductors, 829,882 kills turkey by electric shock, 254 One-fluid theory of electri- city, 7 on seat of charge, 68 theory of the aurora, 886 Frankfort, transmission of i)ower to, 447, 485 (footnote) " Free " electricity, 27, 79 (footnote) Frequency, 470, 476 of oscillations, 515, 520 Friction produces electrification, 2, 12 Fro?*R legs, contractions of, 168, 255 Fr&lich, Otto, on electromagnet^ 880 Froment's motor, 448 Fuel, zinc as, 166 Fosea, 816, 429, 482 Fusing of wires, 429 " 6 *' of galvanometer, 218 Oalvani, Aloysius, observed move- ments of tcog*i leg, 168 on preparation of firm's limbs, on Animal Electrldtv, 257 Galvanic Batteries (see VoUtrie Bat- teries) Electricity (see Cfurrent Elee- trieUg) Taste, 254 Galvanism (see Cfurrent Electri- city) Galvanometer, 206 absolute, 218 astatic, 211, 215 ballistic, 218, 418 constant of, 218 damping of, 219 D'ArsonvaPs, 216 dead beat, 219 differential, 217, 411 Du Bois BeymotuVs, 257 reflecting {Lord Kevin's), or mirror, 215 sine, 214 tangent, 212 Von HelmhoUa^s, 212 {foot- note) Oalvanoplastic (see Eleeirotypif^f) Galvanosoope, 199 Gas Battery, 498 Gases, dissociated, conduct, 8S2 resistance of, 171, 814, 882 Oassiot, J. P., on strie, 822, 827 Oaugain, Jean Mothie, on Pyroelectridty, 74 Tangent Galvanometer, 818 (footnote) Qauss, C. F., invented absolute measurement, 858 magnetic force of the earth, 861 magnetic observations, 865 on magnetic shell, 848 Oay-Lussac, on atmospheric elec- tric!^, 884 Geissler's tubes, 880 Generators of alternate currents, 478 continuous currents, 468 Oemez on electric distillation, 251 Oibson and Barclay on dielectrie capacity of paraffin, 897 INDEX 617 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs, Gilbert^ Dr, William^ discovers electrics, 2 discovered magnetic reaction, 91 discovers that the earth is a magnet, 95, 150 heat destroys magnetism, 109 his balanced - needle electro- scope, 15 his terrella, 95 observation of moisture, 10 observations on magnets, 86 on de - electrifying power of flame, 814 on magnetic figures, 119 on magnetic substances, 92 on magnetic permeability, 97 on methods of magnetization, 105, 106 Glass, a conductor when hot, 81 Globular Ughtnlng, 881 Glow Discharge, 819, 829 {footnote) lamps, 452 Gold-leaf Electroscope (see Electro- scope) Gordon, J. E, H,, on magneto-optic rotatory power, 526 on dielectric capacity, 297, 298 on length of spark. 813 Oramme, Zenobe Theophilet his ring-armature, 468 Gravity Battery, 187 Qrayt Andrew, Absolute Measure- ments in £. and M., 186 {footnote), 287 {footnote)^ 896 {footnote) Oroff, Stephen, discovers conduc- tion, 80 on lightning, 829 Grid of accumulator, ^2 QrotthusB' theory, 172, 491 Grouping of arc lamps, 450 cells, 192, 407 glow-lamps, 453 Orove, Sir WiUiam B., his Gas Battery, 498 Grove's Battery, 182 magnetic ezperanent, 124 on electric property of flame, 814 Guard-ring, Guard-plate, 278, 287 Ouericke, Otto von, discovered electric repulsion, 4 invents electiric machine, 41 obsdrvdtt electric sparks, 11 Gunpowder fired by electricity, 816, 817, 482 Outhrie, Frederick, effect of heat on discharge, 814 heating of kathode in water, 483 Gymnotus (electric eel), 76, 246 Half deflexion method, 417 Hall, Edward H., his efl'ect, 897 Hankel, Wilhelm O., his electro- scope, 291 Hardening of steel, 108 Harris, Sir W. Hertz, Heinrich, kathode rays, 821 researches on electric waves, 520 ffeydweUler. on length of si»ark, 818 HUtorf, on discharge, 822 High freqaency, 476, 515, 020 HoUz, Jr.t his electric machine, 58 on electric shadows, 821 on tubes having unilateral resistance, 827 HopHnson, John, on dielectric ca- pacity of glass, 297 on residual charge and its return, 299 on magnetization, 864 his cliMraoterlstic curves, 466 Horizontal component of magnetism, 186, 158, 861 Horse-power and watts, 486 Hot glass, a conductor, 81 HugheSf David Edward^ the Print- ing Telegraph, 497 the Microphone, 512 magnetic balance, 140 induction balance, 514 Humboldt, Alexander von, on elec- tric eels, 76 discovers galvanic smell, 254 produced electric contractions in fishes, 255 Hunter t Dr. John, on effect of cur- rent on sight, 254 Hydroelectric macliine, 48 Hysteresis, 867, 868 Idiobtatzo method of using volt- meter, 290 Images, electric, 275 Impedance, 472 (Impedance) coils, 474 Incandescent lamps, 452 Inclination (or Dip), 152 variation of, 156 Index Notation, 866 Inductance, 468 Induced charges of electricity, 22 currents, 222 Induction (electrostatic) of charges, (see Ir^uence) {magnetic) lines of, 96 (magnetic) of magnetism, 96 (magneto-electrie) of cur- rents, 222 (volta-eleotric) of currents by currents (see Se^ induo- tioUt Mutual induction) Induction, the, meaning the internal magnetization, 868 (foot- note) Induction-coil or Inductorium, 229 Induction-convezion machines, 49 Inductive-capacity, specific, 26, 56, 295,299 Inertia, electromagnetic, 468 Influence, 22 Influence-machine, 49-54 Insulators, 10, 80, 406 Intensitv of current, 190 (footnote) of earth^s magnetic force, 158, 858,861 of magnetic field, 888 of magnetization, 866 Internal resistance, 171, 406, 417 of armatures, 462 International ohm, 858 "Inverse" and "direct" currents, 228 Inverse Squares, Law of, 19, 129, 148, 261, 270 Inversion, Thermo-electric, 423 Ions, 289 Ironclad magnet, 888 Iron, properties of, 862 Iron rods red hot in water, 488 Isoclinic lines, 164 Isogonic lines, 164 IsoUited, 271 JABLOOHKOFF, PAUL, his battery, 198 electric candle, 461 Jacobi, Moritz Hermann, on local action, 174 discovers galvanoplastio pro- cess, 496 his boat propelled by electri- city, 448 on electromagnet, 880 theory of electromotors, 448 Jar, Leyden, 60 capacity of, 68, 294, 804 cascade arrangement of, 809 discharge of, 69, 810, 515 " discovery of, 60 " energy of charge of, 805 " seat of charge of, 68 sjpark of, 818, 828 theory of, 294 Unit, 285 (( INDEX 619 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Jenktfit Fleeming, on cable as con- denser, 801 on retardation in cables, 823 Joints in magnetic circuit, 878 JotUe^ James PreseoU, on effects of magDetization, 124 evaluation of ohm, 858 Law of heat of current, 427, 489 limit of magnetization, 868 magnetic circuit, 875 Mechanical equiyalent of heat, 489,488 on atmospheric electricity, 388 on lifUng-power of electro- magnet 884 Joule effect, 420 .Joule, the, 854, 489 KapPj GiS^fJir, on magnetic circuit, 877 Kathode, 170, 286 Kathodlc " rays," 821 Kation, 289, 491 Keeper, 108 Kelvin, Lord (Sir William Thom- son) Attracted-disk Electrometer, 79, 287 Compass, 149 Current Balances, 396 Divided ring Electrometer, 79 Electric convexion of heat (Thomson effect), 424 Evaluation of ohm, 858 Modified Daniell's ceU, 187 on atmospheric electricity, 888 on electric images, 275 on electrostatics, 287 (foot- note) on length of spark, 818 on nomenclature of magnetic poles, 89 (footnote) on sounds in condensers, 299 predicts electric oscillations, 515 proof of contact electricity, 79 Quadrant Electrometer, 288 Replenisher (or Mouse MiU), 4, 287, 288 Thermo-electric diagram, 424 Water-dropping Collector, 884 Kerr, Dr. John, Electro-optic dis- coveries, 800, 026 Kerr, Dr. John, Magneto-optio dis- coveries, 125, 866, 527 Kerr's effect, 527 Kinnersley, Elijah, Electric Ther- mometer, 817 Kirehhoff, Qustav, Laws of Branched Circuits, 409 Kite, the electric, 829 KoMrausch, Friederich, on resid- ual charge, 299 on electrOHchemical equivalent, 240 on evaluation of ohm, 858 Kundtt August, his effect, 628 Lao and lead, 472 Lagging of magnetization, 868 Lamellar magnetization, 118 Laminated magnets, 104 Lamination of cores, 467, 468, 477, 480 Lamps, arc, 449 Lamps, incandescent, 452 Lan!gleyy 8. P., his bolometer, 404 Law, cell, 180 Laws of electrolysis, 490 of inverse squares, 19, 129, 148, 261, 270 of electro-magnetic system, 204, 879 Lead, used in accumulators, 492 no Thomson-effect in, ^24 Lead and lag, in phase, 472 Lead of brushes, 468 Leakage, magnetic, 877 photoelectric, {^1 rate of electric, 826 Le BaiUiff, diamagnetism, 869 Leclanclie, Oeorges, his cell, 184 Lemonnier discovers atmospheric electricity, 888 Lenard, PhiUpp, aluminium " win- dow," 821 Length of spark, 818 Lem's Law, 466 Lenz on electromagnet, 880 Leyden Jar, 66 prevention of piercing spark, 62 oscillatory discharge of, 615 resonance between two, 517 seat of charge in, 68 Leydens (see Coiuiensers) Lichtenberg's figures, 824 Life of Lamps, 452 Lifting-power of magnets, 118, 114 oreleGtromagn«ts, 884 e20 ELECTRICITT AXD MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered ParagraphM. light MttecU nastamee, »9 affect* a matnttt, 5fU Electric, -tW EkxtntmagoeOc thtorj nt, 1, 519 ptAmmtiL, rotated by m^gact, 125i, 906, 5(27, fids TekMi^ oC S», 51S U^litniag, 11, 929, 9Sl li^tning eondncton, 8S, SS2 duntioa oi; S2S, 8S1 besBt methods of ptoteetion from, %S2 limit of heathy ^ efeetromagiict, 886 mwoetixatioii, 36S lineaof-lbnie, eleetrie, IS, 16, 9D, 22, 24,269 magnetie, 96, 119, 387 Lfne-intei^ 8(1 (/ootoote) X4^i»|iflia»», G.. CairfOarjr Electro- meter, 233, 292 liquids as eondncton, 284, 480, 51S reaistanee of; 408, 4M ligiiid eondensers, 492 '' Local Action ** in batteries, 178 Locomotion, electric, 446 Lodestone. S4 Lodge, Oliver, on resonance, 517 his oscilkitor, 521 his detector or ecriierer, 521 London, city oi; Caitral Station, 478 ^ Long " and " short ** eoOs for mag- nets, 886 Long and shcMl coil instrnments, 408 Lor em, L., on eralnation of ohm, 858 Loss of chai]^, 826, 981 Louis XV. electrifies 700 monks, 254 LuUin''8 expoiment, 815 Lominoos effects of spari^ 818 Maohihb, Electric, 4li alternate-current, 478 cylinder, 4& dynamo-electric, 461 HoUz's, 98 hydro-electrical, 48 infloenoe, 49 magneto-electric, 461 ? late, 48 'oepler's or Yoss, 51 Witnshurst, 52 Winter's, 48 Magne-crystalUc action, 878 bf«akinga,116 nauiral and 85 121, 899 S4. 88, croepug, 868 dicuit, 815 field, 115. 202, 889 '* rotatoy, 48S, 486 flgmea, 119, 120, 121, 202, 889 theoty oi; 1« fhix,887,377 Hnx density, 868 (fodmoie) §one, 91, 887 (a) ** measurement oi, 180 hysteresis, 867, 868^ 4M indncdon, 96» 868 ifoainoU) inm-ore, S4 1^, allied, 868 Bnes-of-liMtse, 96, 119, 120, 121, 849, 862, 878, 8n, 889, 464 lines-of-CMoe of cnirent, 202, m^M, 154 meridian, 151 metals, 98. 862, 869 model iEwimff^s), 127 moment, 185, 846, 861 needle, 87, 149 oxide of iron, 84, 188 (fool- note) paradox, a, 148 permeability, 96. 868, 866, 518 pole, unit, 141, 892 potential, 887, 847, 848 proof-plane, SB2 satnzation, 112, 868 Beelz, on, 126 screen, 97 shell, 118, 208, 887 (&), 848 ** Ibree due to, 845 " potential dne to, 848 storms, 158, 886 sabstanees, 92, 868, 860 snsoeptibility, 866 nnits,8Se writing, 122 Magnetism, 84 action of; on Bgfat, 125, 126 destniction of; 109 distribution of, 117 hunellar, 118 laws of; 89, 128, 887 of gases, 870, 874 INDEX 621 2%e Numbers r^er to the Numbered Paragraphs. Magnetism, permanent, 98 phenomenon of rotation, 526 residoal, 112, 864 solenoldal, 118, 847 temporary, 98, 112 terrestrial, 95, 150 theories of, 99, 126, 526 unit of. 141, 852 Magnetite, 84 Magnetization, anomalous, 878 coefficient of (see Suacepti- hUUy) cycles of, 867, 868 intensity of, 865 lamellar, 118 mechanical effects of, 124 methods of, 100-107 Bolenoidal, 118, 847 sound of. 124, 510 time needed for, 388 Magneto-electricity, 82, 222, 461 Magneto-electric machines, 461 Magnetog^phs, 160 Magnetometer, 187 self-registering, 160 Magnetomotive-force, 841, 875 Magneto-optic Rotations, 524 Magnets, see also dectronuignet action of light on, 524 artificial, 85 compound, 104 forms of, 108 lamellar, 118 laminated, 104, 477 methods of making, 100-107 natural, 84, 108 power of, 114 unvarying, 110 Manc€y Sir Henry, his method, 417 Manganese steel, 8^ Manganln, 404 Maps, magnetic, 154 Mariner^s Compass, 149 Marked pole, 88 Marum heating by discharge. 817 Mascart, E., on atmospheric elec- tricitv, 885 Afatteuccif uarlo, on physiological effects, 76, 256 on electromotive - force in muscle, 257 Maynooth Battery (see CaUan's Battery) Maxwell, James Clerk, Electro- magnetic theory of light, 897, 518 Law of alternate currents, 473 Maxwell, James Clerk, Law of electromagnetic system, 204, 849,879 measurement of " 9,*' 859 on Electric Images, 275 on protection from lightning, 85,882 on residual charge of jar, 299 rule for action of current on magnet, 204, 849 Theorem of equivalent Mag- netic shell, 208, 851 Theory of Magnetism, 126 Measurement of capacity, 418 of currents, 221, 895, 412 of E.M.P., 416 of internal resistance, 417 of magnetic forces, 180 of mutual induction, 454 of permeability, 866 of power, 487 of resistance, 411, 412 of self-induction, 458 Mechanical depolarization, 180 effects of discharge, 47, 815 " of magnetization, 124 " in dielectric, 299, 625 Medical A.pplioations of Electricity, Medium, action in, 5, 18, 279 elasticity and density of, 860 energy paths in, 519 velocity of waves, in, 860, 518 Mega-, 854 Megohm, 854 Meidinffer*s Battery, 187 MeUonif Macedonia, his thermo- pile, 425 MendenhaU, T. C, IT. 8. Geodetic Survey, 155 Meridian, Magnetic, 151 Metallo-ohromy, 490 Metals, electro-chemical power of, 489 eloctro-deposition of, 494 refining by electrici^, 494 specific resistance of; 408 Meter Bridge, 415 Meters, 442 Metric system, the, 280 Mho, the. 402 Mica, dielectric capacity of, 296 Micro-, 854 MicroiSArad, the, 288, 854 condenser, 808 Microphone, the, 612 Mim-,8W t; 622 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers r^er to the Numbered Paragraphs. Milll-ampere, 354 Mimosa, tne electric behaviour of, 256 Minotto'8 ceU, 187 Mirror Galvanometer, 215 Molecular action of magnetism » 126 actions of current, 249 theory of Electric action, 7 Moment of Couple, 186 Moment of circular coil, 346 of inertia, 861 magnetic, 185, 861 Morse, Samuel F. B., his Telegraph instrument, 499 Morse Alphabets, the, 499a Mordey's alternator, 478 Motion, law of, in magnetic field, 204,879 Motor-dynamos, 482 Motors, 448 alternate-current, 484 MouUon, John Fletcher, on sensi- tive state, 822 Mouse-mill (see Jiqslenisher) MUUer, JiMannes, on strength of electromagnets, 380 Multicellular voltmeter, 290 Multiplier, Schweigger's, 200 Muscular contractions, 255, 257 Musschenbroeky Peter van, dis- covery of Leyden jar, 60 » on Magnetic Figures, 121 Mutual induction, 454 potential, 8i51 NAPOLSoy IIVs cell, 198 Navigation, electric, 448 Neeme, magnetic, 87 telegraph, 498 Negative electrification, 5, 827 Network mains, 440 Neutralizing brush, 60 Newton, Sir Isitac, observations on action and reaction, 91 his lodestone, 114 suggests electric origin of lightning, 11, 829 suggests glass for electric machines, 41 Niagara Falls, transmission of power fVom, 447 Niaudet, Alfred, his cell, 184 Nickel, 93, 864 NobiU, Leopoldo, on muscular con- tractions, 76 on currents of animal elec- tricity, 257 discovers NobU^s rings, 490 Non-conductors, 10, 405 Non-electrics, 8 North and south, 89, 150 magnetic pole, the, 89, 150 Null methods. 210, 289, 411 (c), 413, 416 ib), 417 (0), 418 id) Oblique currents, laws of, 390 Oersted, Hans Christian, discovers magnetic action of current, 195, 196, 202 Ohm, Dr. Qeorg Simon, 190 " Ohm's Law," 191, 399 Ohm, the, 854, and Appendix B evaluation of, 858 Oil, dielectric strength of, 815 One-fluid theory of electricity, 7 Opposition method, 417 Optical strain, electrostatic, 525 rotation, electromagnetic, 526, 527,528 Oscillations, electric, 832, 515 method of (in galvanometry), 210 method of (for electrostatics), 183 (footnote) method of (for magnetic mea- surement), 183, 134, 361 Oscillator, 520, 522 Osmose, electric, 250 Other sources of electrification than friction, 12, 65 Output of dynamo, 464 Over-compounding, 467 Overhead line for tramcars, 446 Oxygen, magnetic, 370 Ozone, 287, 316, 829 (footnote) Pacinottts armature, 468 Page, Charles O.. Poltler effect, 4^ Penetrative power of discharge, 815 Periodic current, 470 Periodicity (see Frequency) of aurora and magnetic storms, 158, 159, 886 PermeabUity, 96, 868, 618 measurement of, 866 Perry, John, his meter, 442 Persistence (see Time-constant) Phase, 470, 472 Phosphorescence caused by dis- charge, 820, 821 Photo-chemical excitation, 580 Photographic plate affected by dis- charge, 824 Photophone, 529 Photo-voltaic property of selenium, 529 Physiological actions, 254, 825 Piercing glass, prevention of, 62 Piezo-eiectricity, 75 Plane, the proof-, 82 ** for magnetism, 282 Plants, Gaston, secondary cells, 492 globular lightning, 881 Plants, electricity of, 77, 266 Plate condenser, 56, 296, 804 electrical machine, 48 Platinoid, 404 > PlUcker, Julius, on diamagnetism, etc., 370, 878 • Poggendorff, J. C, his cell, 180 method of measuring E.M.F., 416 Points, density of charge on, 88, 274 discharge at, 42, 46, 46, 47, 274, 829 Poisson, magne-crystallic action, 878 Polarity, diamagnetic, 869 magnetic, 90, 116, 126 Polarization (electrolytic) in battery cells, 176, 487 of Voltameter, 487, 492 remedies for, 180 rotation of plane of, 526 et seq. Polarized mechanism, 887 relay, 501 Poles of magnets, 86, 184 of pyroelectrlc crystals, 74 of voltaic battery. 168 Polyphase currents, 486 Porous cell, 180 Porret's phenomenon, 260 Portable electrometer, 287 Portative force, 114 Post-Office Bridge, 415 relay, 501 Ppsitive and negatiye electrification, / 5, 827 ^Potential, electric, 40, 263 \ " zero, 40, 264 V of conducting sphere, 269 galvanometers, 220 magnetic, 887, 847, 848 " due to current, 851 mutual, of two circuits, 852, 867 Potential-divider nul method, 418 Potentiometer, 416 PouUlet, Claude S. Af., sine galvan- ometer, 214 tangent i^vanometer, 212 Powdered metals, conduction of, 400 sensitiveness to sparks, 521 Powders, electroscopic, 81, 47, 299, 824 Power, 485 transmission of, 447 Power-houses, 440 Poynting, John Henry, on energy- paths, 619 Practical units, 864 Preece, William Henry, telegraphy, 497 Pressure produces electrification, 76 effect on electrolysis, 490 (voltage), 169 Priestley, Joseph, on electric ex- pansion, 800 on influence, 26 {footnote) Prime conductor, 42 Printing telegraphs, 497 Proof-plane, 82 magnetic, 282 Protoplasm, electric property of, 256 Pyroelectricity, 74 Pyrometer, 404 QuADBANT electrometer {Lord Kel- vin's), 288 electroscope {Henley^'s), 17 Qnadruplex telegraphy, 608 "Quantity'' arrangement of cells, etc., 192, 407 of electricity, unit of, 21, 262, 854 Quartz fibre, 299 Quartz, no residual charge firom, 299 as insulator, 80, 299 Quetelet, E., on atmospheric elec- tricity, 888, 885 624 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Quincke, Oearg, on diaphragm currents, 252 on electric expansion, 800 on electro-optic phenomena, 525 Quinine, use of, for mapping fields, 299 Radiant state of matter, 821 Radio-micrometer, 425 Rate of change of current, 454, 472 (footnote) Ratio of electrostatic to electro- magnet units, 288, 850 Ray, electric (torpedo), 76 Rays, kathodic, 821 current balance, 896 Jiayleigh, Lord, determination of ohm, 858 Reactance, 478 Reciprocal accumulation, 49 Recording instruments, 160, 884 Redistribution of charge, 89 Reduction of metals, 494 Reflecting galvanometer, 216 Reflexion of electric waves, 520 Refractive index, 518 Registering magnetographs and elec- trometers, 160, 884 Eeis, Philipp, invention of tele- phone, 510 Relays, 501 Reluctance, 875 Reluctivity, 875 (footnote) Remanence, 867 Replenisher, 49, 287, 288 Repulsion and attraction of electri- fied bodies. 2, 4, 22, 24, 74, 262 and attraction, experiments on, 47 and attraction of currents, 888, 889, 894 and attraction of magnets, 84, 88 Repulsion electrometers, 286 Residual charge of Leyden jar, 61, 299 Residual charge of cable, 801 " of Voltameter, 493 magnetism. 112, 127, 867 Resinous electricity, 5 Resistance and heat, 426 Resistance, 80, 171, 400, 426 affected by temperature, 404 light, 589 magnetism, 897 60iu>d, 512 Resistance, as a velocity, 857 bridge or balance, 418 coils, 414 internal, of cell, 192, 407, 417 internal, of cell, measurement of, 417 laws of, 400 magnetic, 875 measurement of, 411 e^ seq. of gases, 171, 822 of glow lamps, 452 of human body, 255 ofUquids,171, 408 of vacuum, 321 specific, 408 to alternate currents, 476 units of, 852 et seq. Resistivity, 402 Resonance, 517 Resonator, 520 Resultant magnetic force, 115 Retardation of currents through cables, 801. 828, 505 Retentivity (magnetic), 98, 867 Return shock or stroke, 29, 881 Reversal of influence machines, 58 Reversibility of processes in circuit, 248,486 Reversing-swltch, 280, 498 Reymona, Du Bois, his galvan- ometer. 257 on animal electrioit}', 257 unpolarizable electrodes, 257 Rheostats, 400 Rheometer, *] Rheoscope, \ see footnote to 208 Rheotrope, j Riess, Peter , on electric distribution, 88 on length of spark, 818 electric thermometer, 817 Ritchie, magnetic circuit, 875 his motor, 448 RUter, Johann WUhelm, on action of current on sight, 254 his secondary pile, 492 on subjective galvanic sounds, 254 on the sensitive plant, 256 Rolling friction, 12, 78 Romagnosi, Dr,, discovers magnetic action of current, 195 RomaSf De, his electric kite, 829 Ronalds, Sir Francis, invented a tolM^ph, 497 Rotation of pume of polarization. 626 INDEX 625 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Rotations, electromagnetic, 893 Ar^o's, 457 Rotatory magnetic field, 4S5 Roughness of surface as depolarizer, 180 Rowland, Henry A., on magnetic effect of electric convexion, 897 on magnetic circuit, 875 BUcker, Arthur WUliam, on ration- alization of dimensions, 860 Rucker&nd Thorpe, magnetic sur- vey, 154 Buhmkorff'8 electromagnet, 869 induction coil, 229 coil, mutual induction of, 454 St. Elmo's Fire, 829 {footnote) Safety-ftises, 429 Salts, electrolysis of, 288, 490 Sanderson, J. Burdon, on electric sensitiveness of carnivorous plants, 256 Saturation, magnetic, 112, 868 et seq. Savery, 85 Sawdust battery, 187 SchcUlenberger's meter, 442 Schuckert, ammeter, 221 Schuster, Arthur, on electrolysis of gases, 822 Schweigger' 8 multiplier, 200 Screening, magnetic, 96 Inductive, 514 of eddy-currents, 457, 514 Secohm, 468 Secondary actions in electrolysis, 490 Secondary batteries, 492 Secular variations of magnetic ele- ments, 155 Seebeck, Thomas Johann, effect, 419 Selenium, photo-electric properties of, 529 resistence of, 408 (table), 529 Self-exciting influence machine, 50 dynamo, 462 Self-induction, 458, 472 in electric discharge, 516 Self-recording instruments, 160, 884 Semaphore, Henley's, 17 Sensitive plant, behaviour of, 256 Series, arc lamps in, 450 capacities in, 808 cells in, 168, 406 dynamos, 465 resistances in, 406 28 Serrin, Victor, his lamp, 449 Shadows, electric, 47 in partial vacuum, 821 Sheet conductor, flow of electricity in, 410 Shell, magnetic, 118, 203, 850 potential due to, 848 Shielduig, magnetic, 97 Shock, electric, 251, 826 Shunt, 215, 409 coil in arc lamps, 449 dynamo, 465 Shuttle armature, 461 Siemens, Alexander, on length of Rpark, 81o Siemens, Werner, on dynamos, 461 mercury unit, 858 electrodynamometer, 895 shuttle-wound armature, 461 heating in Leyden jar, 299 Sight affected by current, 254 Silurus. the, 76 Sine galvanometer, 214 Sine law, 476 Single-fluid cells, 180 Single-needle instrument, 498 Single touch, 100 Siphon recorder, 506 Skew-symmetry of crystals, 75 Skin effect, 476 Skin, E.M.F. in the, 267 Smee, Alfred, his Battery, 180 Smith, Frederick John, effect on photographic plate, 824 Smith, Willoughby, on selenium, 529 Soap-bubble, electrified, 4 Sodium by electrolysis, 490 Solenoid arc lamps, 449 Solenoid, 885 magnetizing force of, 841 Solid angles, 148 (Appendix A) Solidification^ 69 Sound of magnetization, 124, 510 Sounder, the, 497 Sources of electricity, 12, 65 Spark, 11, 46, 47, 810 dui-ation of, 828 length of, 48, 818, 829 Sparking at commutator, 468 Specific resistance, 408 inductive capacity, 25, 56, 296, 299 Speed of motor, 444 of signaUing, 801, 802, 828 026 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numben refer to the If umbered Paragraph*. Sphere, distrflmtioD of tharge orer, 38, m et aeq. potoitU of; ^W, 2T1 espacitjr of. 271 Mini sliorteoft iu^If. 390 4w«inp«NNie, JfiOiam, on striaB, Sqinara root of meaji tqnare, 471 Staodnd edb. 188 effect of tempentore on, IM Stendaids, 354 Steel bardening, 108 Steel, properties ot, 90 Mnf,495 Stewartf Balfoury on stmospheric eleetrfaitr, S» on megneoe stonns, 196 Storms, magnette, ISO Stnds^t eondoetor foree near, 207, 34S Stndn, dielectrk, 64, 899, S89 Strengtfa of enrrent, 171, 190, 354 of enrrent in magnetic mea- sure, 206, 207, 853 ei aeq. of dielectric, 299, 311 of magnet pole, 112, 352 of magnetic shell, 348 Stress, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24^ 68, 279, 299, 811, 525 electric, optical effect of; 585 magnetic, 119, 340, 389 Stris! in yacnnm tnbes, 320, 322 Sturgeon^ WUUam, his conunnta- tor, 461 electro-magnets, 381 on magnetic drcoit, 375 induction coil, 229 Submarine telegraphs, 504 Sucking-magnet, 885 Sulphur as depolarizer, 185 Sulphuretted hydrogen, iron nega- tive to copper in, 80 8ulzer'8 experiment, 254 Supply meters, 442 Surface contact, 12 density of charge, 38, 278 limit of, 278 of magnetism, 184,887 Surgical applications, 258 Susceptibility, 865 Suspended -coil galvanometers, 216 8wammerdam'8 flrog experiment, 255 Swan's incandescent lamp, 452i Symmer, on two kinds of electriflca- tion, 6 Synchronizing, 479 Tait, Pmrmm Gnamim, ekctrilSca- tk» by evapontion of sol- itete of eopper sohition, 71 hnting of iron eieetrode, 43i thermo-electrie dja^nun, 424 Tai^ent catvanotDetcr, 212 of angle of lag, 413 TH»per,4»8 Taste affected by current, 854 TelegT»>h. electeie, 497 Bmm^t chemical, 246 Mor»e'» instrument, 4S% needle instrament, 498 Telegrq>hy, dij^z, SOS dnpli£K,o03 qnadmplex, 508 submarine, 504 Telephone, PkiUpp JLeWs, 510 corrents of, 255 Dctbtar's, 299, 511 Edison's (carbon), 511 Graham BOfs (articnlating), 510 Varleif's (condenser), 899, 511 Exchanges, 513 Temperature affects resistance, 194, 404 affected by resistance, ^6 effect on length of spark, 818, 314 of the arc, 448 Tonpering of steel, 108 Tension, electric, 13, 16, 80, 82, 84, 63, 273 ifootnoU), 279, 299, 311,525 Terquem, A.^ parrotrcage experi- ment, 84 Terrestrial Magnetism, 95, 150, 361, 866 Test for weak corrents (chemical), 246,316 for weak currents (physiologi- cal), 255 Testing for Ihults, 502 Tetanization produced by inter- rupted currents, 256 Theories of Electricity, 7, 327, and Prefiice, ix Theories of Magnetism, 99, 126 " Ampere's, 898 ** Eunng's, 127 MaxweU's^ 126 Weber*s, 126, 127 Theory of Electrolysis, GrotthusM*s and Clausiusrs, 491 Theory of Earth's magnetism, 161 of Light, 518 (I INDEX 627 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Thermo-electric currents, Ko ^^q Thermo-electricity, [«N4iy Thermo-electric !Uiagram, 424 Thermo-electromotive Series, 424 Thermopile, 425 Thompsorit Silvanus Phillips, on magnetic figures due to cur- rents, 202, 3S9 on positive and negative states, 827 on opacity of tourmaline, 618 Thomson, Joseph J., en Contact Electricity, 81 on conductivity of gases, 322 Thomson^ Sir William (see Kelvin, Lord) effect, 424 Thomson, Elihu, his meter, 442 on alternate-current magnets, 477 on welding, 433 Thomson-Houston dynamos, 468, 478 TTiorpe and Rilcker, magnetic sur- vey, 154 Three wire system, 463 Thunder, 11, 881 Thunderstorms, 329 Theory of, 330 Time-constant, 460 Tinfoil Condensers, 66, 802 Tivoli, transmission of power fh>m, 447 Toepler, A., his Influence Machine, 51 Tongs, Discharging, 69 Torpedo (electric fish), 76, 246 Torpedoes, ftizes for &ring, 816, 482 Torque, 186 Torque of motor, 444 Torsion affected by magnetization, 124 Torsion Balance, or ) Coulomb's, Torsion Electrometer, J 18, 182 Torsion method, 209, 210 Tourmaline, 74, 824, 618 Transformers, 228, 480 for vacuum tubes, 820 Transmission of power, 447, 479 Tri-phase, 486 Trolley wheel for tramcars, 446 TYowbridge, on magnetusation at -lOO^C, 111 Tube of force, 887 (g) Tuning-fork method, 418 Two-fluid cells, 181 theorv, 7 Two kinds of Electrification, 6, 6 '* Magnetic poles, 89 Tyndall, John, diamagnetic polarity, 872 magne-crystallic action, 873 ULTRA-aASEOUS MATTEB, 821 Ultra-violet waves, 318 discharge by, 681 effect on metal, 681 Unit, Board of Trade, 440, 488 Unit jar, 286 Units and standards, Board of Trade (see Appendix B) electromagnetic, 352 et seq. electrostatic, 283 et seq. Amdamental and derived, 281, 282 ratio of electrostatic to electro- magnetic, 262 (footnote), 288,359 Unipolar Machines, 469 Universal Discharger, 62 Unvarying magnets, 110 Upward, his cell, 198 Ure, Dr., on animal electricity, 266 "r," 869, 618 Vacuum, induction takes place through, 64, 96, 97 partial, spark in, 11, 820 spark will not pass through, 818, 821 tubes, 820, 821 " Variation," the (see Declination) Variation of Declination and Dip — annual, 167 diurnal, 166 geographical, 161, 164 secular, 166 of electrification of the atmos- phere, 885 VdMrley, Cromwell Fleetwood, his galvanometer, 816 on capacity of polarization, 492 telenaph, 497 VarUy, Samuel Alfi'ed, his tele- phone, 299, 610 early dynamo, 462 Vegetables, Electricity of. 77 carnivorous, sensitivenesa of, 266 628 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers r^er to the Numbered Paragraphs. Velocity of discharge, 823 ofUght, 359, 518 of electric waves, 518 of rubbing, electrification de- pends on, 78 resistance as a, 357 VerdeVs constant, 526 Vibration produces Electrification, 67 Vibrator for measuring capacity, 418 VUlari, EmUio, efi'ect of tension, 864 Violet waves (see UUra^violef) Virtual volts and amperes, 471 Vitreous electricity, 5 Volt, 169, 854 Votta, Alessandro, his Electro- phorns, 26 Condensing Electroscope, 79 Contact Series, 80 Crown of Cups, 165 on Atmospheric Electricity, 334 on Contact Electricity, 79, 163 on Electric Expansion, 300 on Electrification due to com- bustion, 70 Subjective Sounds due to Cur- Votta's Law, 80, 163, 170 Voltaic Pile, 164 Voltaic Electricity (see Current Electricity) arc 448 batteiy, 168, 178 ; pfle, 164 cell, simple, 166 Voltameter, 242, 248, 244, 487 Voltmeter, 220 Cardew'Sf 480 electrostatic, 290 Voss machine, 51 Walker, Chablrs V.t used sulphur in cell, 185 Warburg, E., on hysteresis, 868 Water, Electrolysis of, 235, 487 Water-dropping, discharge by, 884 Watt, the, 854, 485 Wattmeter, 488 Watts, true and apparent, 475 Waves, electric, 515 Weber, the, 854 Weber, WUkelm, the Electro-dyna- mometer, 894 on diamagnetic polarity, 372 evaluation of ohm, 858 of "r," 859 theory of magnetism, 126, 127 Welding, 438 Weston, Edward, voltmeter, 220 standard cell, 188 temxjerature coefficient of alloys, 404 Wheatstone, Sir Charles, on the brush discharge, 319 Automatic Telegraph, 497 Dynamo - electric Machines, 462 on 8upi)osed velocity of elec- tricity, 823 Wheatstone's Bridge or Bal- ance, 413 Whirls, magnetic, 202, 889 Wiedemann, Gustav, on efi'ect of magnetism on torsion, 124 diamaguetism, 870 {footnote) WUde, Henry, Magneto - electric Machine, 462 WUcke, A., electrophoms, 26 {foot- note) Wimshurst, James, Influence ma- chine, 52 Wind, electric, 47, 324 Winding of electromagnets, 375 et seq., 885, 886 (and see p. 596) Window, aluminum, 821 Wohler's cell, 193 WoUaston's Battery, 180 Work by conductor cutting lines, 389 Wroblewski, resistance of, at low temperatures, 404 ZambonTS Dry Pfle, 16, 198, 291 Zanotti, experiment on grass- hopper, 255 Zero potential, 40, 264 Zero of temperature, resistance near, 404 Zinc as fbel, 166 THE END MACMILLAN & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS ON ELECTRICITY # MAGNETISM ♦ >•«« BOTTONE. —A Guide to Electric Lighting. 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