None
Bonaaliigaiilt— on gennination at low temperature, 271 on loss of weight by plant in respiration, 195 on radiation, 313 on relation of phosphates to assi- milation of nitrogen, 132 on weight of plant in light, 153 Bower, on apospory, 601 Braconnot, on excretion by roots, 122 Brassica oleracea^ analysis of ash of (Pierre), 62 ; galvanotropism of, 474 Braun — on the oogonium of the Characese, 642 on toision, 354 Brefold — on alcoholic fermentation, 208, 213 on Basidiomycetes, 625 on destructive metabolism, 292 on etiolation of Fungi, 393 on luminosity, 318 Brewster, on luminous Algse, 317 BrloBl— on oil-drops in Musacese, 146 on starch-grains in sieve-tubes, 166 Brongxilart, on transpiration, 103 Brooks — on function of male and female cells, 656, 673 on parthenogenesis, 674 on theory of Pangenesis, 655 on transmission of variability by male cell, 656, 676 Brouffhton — on evolution of carbon dioxide from seedlings, 200 on relation of alkaloids to nitro- genous food, 224 Brown, on action of diastatic ferment, 191 Briitdce, on movement of Mimosa, 560 BnuudiorBt, on localisation of geotropic irritability, 468 Buff, on electrical condition of plants, Bimaen — on formation of compounds of nitrogen, 128 on photochemical induction, 263 Bamett and Mayo, on Mimosa, 560 Bntlerow, on formation of methylenitan, 144 Bnrgenteiii — on the Darwinian curvature, 495 on transpiration, 109, 1 10 Bryophyllum, v^;etative budding in, 599 Bryopsis, 9 Bryum annotinum^ bulbils of, 599 Buds, 599 Bulb, 599 Bulbils, 599 Oahoan, on exhalation of carbon di- oxide increased by light, 260 Calamus rotang^ silica in, 21 Calcium, as a constituent of the food, 134; carbonate deposited in cells, 22, 249; excretion of, 246; oxalate, 22, ^31* ^49 > ii> cell-wall, 22 Callus, formation of, on wounds, 333; in sieve-tubes, 166 Cal3rptra, 626 Calystegia, twining of, 491, 511, 517 Cambium layer, 347 Cameron, on absorption of urea by roots, 124 Campanula persicifolia^ heliotropism of leaves of, 444 de CandoUe^ on conductivity of woods, 316 on excretion by roots, 222 on germination in low temperature, 269, 272 on heliotropism, 439 on plants as affected by high tem- perature, 279 on spontaneous movements of varia- tion, 537 Caoutchouc, 237 Carbohydrate; formation of, 140; de- composition of, 2JI&; as reserve mate- rial, 170 ~^ Carbon, as a constituent of the food, 124 Carbon compounds absorbed by plants, 125 Carpels, 604 Carpogenous cells, 614 Carpogonium, 614 Carpospores, 614 Cassytha, haustoria of, 411 Caulerpa, 9; geotropism of, 458 GayendlBh, on sources of combined nitrogen, 128 Cell ; circulation in, 1 3, 296, 521 ; growth of, 16, 334; multinucleated, 27; os- motic properties of, 39; plasmolytic state of (Fig. •J)» 13 Cell-fusions, 23 Cell-sap, 13, 28; acidity of, 55 ; colour- ing matters of, 29; composition of, 28 Cellulose, 14, 17; as reserve-material, 170 Cell- wall (Figs. 7, 8), 12, 14; calcium in, 22 ; cuticularisation of, 18 ; growth INDEX. 687 o^» 334; formation of, 15, 177; ligni- fication of, 18; mucilaginous degene- ration of, 17 ; in polarised light ^igs. 4> S)t i4t 15; silica in, 21; stratifica- tion of (Fig. 7)» 16 ; striation of (Fig. 8), 16. Theories of growth of; by apposition (Strasburger and Dippel), 16* 336 ; by intussusception (Naegli), 15. 336 Centrifugal force ; influence of, on direc- tion of growth (Fig. 51), 456; on rate of growth, 410, 413, 461 Cercfegia GardnerU^ circumnutation of, 3<>3. 514 Chsetomium, reproduction of, 634 Chaetophora, pulsating vacuole in, 522 Chara, 428 ; rotation of protoplasm in, Characeae, 1 1 ; vegetative reproduction off 599 ; life-history of, 633 Chatln, on aerial roots, 50 Chemical stimuli, action of; on anthero- zoids, 529; on tentacles of Drosera, 547 ; on zoospores, 52^ Chlamydomonas, pulsating vacuole in, 52« Chlorine, as a constituent of the food, 136 Chlorotic plants, 136, 240 Chlorophyll ; absorption-spectrum of, 155; chemical composition of, 154; decomposition of, 266; fluorescence of, 155 ; formation of, 239, 241 ; func- tion of, 151, 156; LommeFs theory, 254; Pringsheim's theory, 157, 261; in Floridese, 1^2; influence of light on, 262; relation of iron to, 239; spectrum of (Plate i), 155 Chlorophyll-baind, movement of, of Me- socarpus, 525 Chlorophyll-bodies, 152 Chlorophyll-corpuscles, 8, 13, 141, 152; movements of, in light (Fig. 36), 299, 526; structure of (Fig. 22), 153 Chlorophyllan, 154 Choanephora, effect of starvation on (Fig. 3o)» «i9 Cholesterin, 243 Chromatin, 27 Chytridiacese, 605 ; conjugation of, 618 Chytridium vorax^ directive action of iight on zoospores of, 524 Cichorium Intybus^ laticiferous vessel of (Fig. 24-5), 167 OlealelaW, on geotropism, 464, 467 Cilia, 1,519 Ciliaiy movement, 519 Circulation of protoplasm, 296, 521, 558 Circumnutation, 362; diagram of (Fig. 41)* 3<^4> relation to twming, 508 Cistinese, movements of stamens of, 545 Citrus, adventitious budding in, 509 Claviceps, asexuality of, 624; life his- tory of, 634 Cleistogamous flowers, 647 Clinoslat (Fig. 48), 417 ClOdz, on evolution of oxygen at low temperature, 271 Chsterium moniliforme^ locomotion of, 520; phototaxis of, 525 Cobcta scandenSj tendrils of, 486 CaUbogyne ilicifolia^ adventitious bud- ding in, 599 Cohn— on aggregation, 565 on Bacteria exposed to low tempe- rature, 272 on Bacteria exposed to high tempe- rature, 279, 283 on contractile vacuoles, 522, 558 on leaf of Aldrovanda, 587 on effect of exposure to light on leaf of Oxalis, 538 on rotation of protoplasm, 297 on stamens of Cynarese, 568 Cold, effect of, on germination of seeds, 271, 281 ; on Bacteria, 272 ; relation of, to life of plants, 275 Coleochsete, fruit of, 025; life-history of, 632 Oolin, on effects of high temperature on seeds, 280 Collema microphyllum^ reproduction of (Fig. 73)» 6a3 Colophony, 236 Colouring matters, 238; of flowers, 241 Compass-plants, 446, 506 Condensation of aqueous vapour by soil, 48 ; by velamen of Orchids, 50 Confervaceae, 9 Confervoidese, reproduction of, 606 Conidiophore, 602 Coniferin, 234 Conifers, calcium oxalate in, 22 Conjugation, 607 (Figs. 65, 66^ 69) Continuity of protoplasm, 23, 374 (Fig. 64), 585 Continuity of reproductive substance, 660 Contractile vacuoles, 522, 558 Contraction, 6, 557 Contractility, 6, 557, 568 Convolvulus, twining of (Fig. 54), 516 Coprinus, etiolation of, 3^)3 ; heliotrop- ism of, 428 ; hydrotropism of, 478 Corallines, reproduction of, 615 Cordiceps, asexuality of, 624 Cordylint rubrOf geotropism of, 458 688 INDEX. Ckimwliider — on absorption of carbon dioxide by growing plants, 81 on absorption of nitrates by roots, lay Cork, 19 Ctomn, on Monoblepharis, 620 Corpusculum, 615 (ri^. 71) CorvlBart, on conversion of starch into sugar, 268 Coumarin, 136 CrBiii6r — on starch-grains in chlorophyll- corpuscles, 141 ; on crystalloids in Floridese, 171 Crocus, opening and closing of flowers of, 404 ; under influence of heat, 378 CSrois, on aromatic substances, 133 Cross-fertilisation, 646 Crystalloid, 170, 184 Ciiimliig'ikam, on effect of starvation on Fungi, ai8 (Fig. 30) Cupressinese, calcium oxalate in cell- walls of, 12; reproduction of, 616 (Fig. 71) Curcumin, 230 Curve, of daiW period of growth (Fig. 45), 401 ; 01 heliotropic eflect of rays of different refrangibility (Fig. 50), 434; of nyctitropic movement of Averrhoa (Fig. 58), 540; of retarding effect of light on growth (Fig. 43), 395 Curvature of organs, mechanism of, in multicellular organs, 579; in uni- cellular organs, 58 r Cuscuta, formation of haustoria of, 411 ; positive heliotropism of stem of, 517; sensitiveness of climbing stem of, 4911 5" Cuticle, 17, 18 Cuticular transpiration! 107 Cutin, 19 Cutleria, reproduction of, 609 Cuttings, reproduction by, 598, 662 Cyanophycese, reproduction of, 604 Cynarese, irritable stamens of, 545, 559, 568 Cystocarp, 6r4 Cystolith, 22; (Fig, 6), 15; (Fig. 34), «49 Cyttsus Adami (graft hybrid), 651 Cytoplasm, 658 Cystoseira barbata^ extrusion of polar body in, 641 Daily periodic movements of leaves, 539 Daily periodicity, of growth (Fig. 45), 356; 401, 408; of root-pressure, 95, 407 ; of tension of tissues, 405* 543 Daily variation in bulk, 408 Darkness, effect of, on growth of leaves, 380; of stems, 380, 385 (Fig. 41) Darlingtonia, pitcLer of, 147 Dttrwln, C. — on absorption of carbon com- pounds by leaves, 134 on advantages of cross-fcrtilisatioo, 649 on aggregation, 564 on drcumnutation, 363 on crosses, 650 on development of adhesive discs of tendrils, 411 on diageotropian, 463 on diaheliotropism, 449 on graft-hybrids, 651 on heterostyled plants, 648 on insectivorous plants, 547 on localisation of geotropic irrita- bility, 467 on localisation of heliotropic irrita- bility, 438 on localisation of hydrotropic iirita- bility, 479 on nyctitropic movements (F^ 58. 60), 539 on pangenesis, 653 on par^eliotropism, 551 on sensitiveness of roots to contact, 492 on significance of nyctitropic move- ments, 593 on twining of climbing stems, 508 on twining of tendrils, 484 on transimssion of varietal charac- ters, 652 on variation, 675 Darwin, F.— on aggregation, 564 on diaheltotropism of leaves, 448 on geotropism of decapitated roots, 468 on growth in darkness of negatively heliotropic organs, 440 Darwinian curvature, 492 Dasycladus, reproduction of, 608 Davy, on use of silicon in plants, 137 Death, cause of, from high temperatures, 283 Dehmln — on absorption of oxygen by roots, 78 on absorption of oxygen by plants, 197 on decom^sition of carbon dioxide in artificial light, 258 on evolution of carbon dioxide by plants, 199, 207, 276 on gaseous interchange during ger- mination, 206 Derivative hybrids, 651 INDEX. 689 Desmids, locomotion of, 520; reproduc- tion of, 6 19 £)esmodium (Hedysarum) gyrafis, leaf of; sleep movements of (Fig. 60), 542, 544 ; spontaneous movement of, 533. 537 Deraalgne, on luminosity, 319 Destructive metabolism, iSS Detteften — on excentric thickening of stems, 353 on localisation of geotropic and hydrotropic irritability, 468, 480 Detmer — on absorption of water by leaves, 66 on destructive metabolism, 292 on evolution of ammonia by germi- nating seeds, 210 exhalation of carbon dioxide by plants in light, 260 on germination at low temperature, 272 on photoepinasty, 383, 444 on root-pressure, 95 Deutzia scadra, diageotropism of, 472 Development of reproductive cells, 638 Diageotropism, 463, 470, 473, 501, 552 Diaheliotropism, 449, 551, 592 Diastase, 180 ; action of, on starch, 191 ; analysis of, 189 Diatoms, locomotion of, 520; reproduc- tion of, 613 Dichc^my, 647 Didymium, heliotropism of, 527; in- fluence of temperature on movement of, 298 Differentiation of tissues, 10 Diffusion currents ; effect of, on electrical potential, 322 Dioecism, 646 Dionoea; action of anaesthetics on leaf of* 572; conduction of stimuli in leaf of, 587; distribution of electrical potential on leaf of (Fig. 39), 320; movements of leaf of (Figs. 62, 63), 547 ; plastoid or rhabdoid in cells of leaf of, 565 Dioscarea Batatas ^ twining of, 517 Dlppel — on growth of cell-wall, 16 on movements of Diatoms, 520 on stratification, 17 Dipsacus, absence of heliotropic irrita- bility in, 431 Discs, adhesive of tendrils, 41 1 Diurnal sleep of leaves, 551 Dodart, on geotropism, 456 Dodel-Port — on extrusion of polar body, 641 on reproduction of Ulothrix, 606 V. Dorsiventrality, induction of, 425 Dorsiventral organisation, 366; organs, 423; directive action of gravity on, 470; directive action of light on, 441 Draper — on chlorophyll-spectrum, 156 on etiolin, 152 on rays of spectrum which decom- pose carbon dioxide, 254 Dnchsel, on proteid crystals, 172 Drosera, aggregation in cell of, 564; glands of (Fig. 33), 247 ; localisa- tion of irritability in the gland, 548; movements of tentacles of (Fig. 61), 547 ; tentacles, 247, 533 ; transmission of stimulus in the leaf of, 587 Dmde — on absorption of oxygen by Neottia, 77 exhalation of carbon dioxide by plants in light, 260 on growth of leaves, 359 Dmnunond, on luminosity of plants, 317 Dabrunfant, on inverted cane-sugar, 192 Dachartre— on absorption of water by leaves, 66 on hydrotropism, 477 on positive heliotropism of Clavi- ceps, 428 on root-pressure, 02 on twining in darkness, 517 Daoliueau, on luminous Algae, 317 Dudresnaya, reproduction of, 615 Dnliainel — on absence of geotropic irritability in Mistletoe, 458 on geotropism, 4^6 Datrochet — effect of temperature on circulation in Chara, 297 on evolution of heat by plants, 308, 310 on heliotropism, 433 on irritability of stem of Cuscuta, on loss of heat by plants, 314, 315 on Mimosa not motile in vacuo, ^9^, 548 motile organs, 296 on movement of leaf of Mimosa, 560 on negative heliotropism of Mistle- toe, 429 on relation between branches and axes, 421 on root-pressure, 90 on rotation of protoplasm, 297 on somatotropism of Mistletoe, 475 44 690 INDEX. IhitrodMt — on temperature of plants, 314 on temperature of spadix, 308, 310 on transmission of stimulus in Mimosa, 583, 586 on transpiration-current, 97 on twinmg of climbing stems, 509, 515 Ihronak, on chlorine in food, 136 Echinocystis lobata^ tendrils of, 486, 490 Ectocarpus, conjugation of (Fig. 66), 608 Ectoplasm, 13, 23 Ed«r, on absorption of water by leaves, Edwards, on effect of high temperature on seeds, 280 Egg-apparatus (Fig. 70), 615 Ehrenberff, on luminous Algae, 317 Electricity in plants, 319; efliect on growth, 410 El^rlng— on action of gravity at different angles, 460 on formation of etiolin, 264 on ^Ivanotropism, 474 on influence of gravity on rate of growth, 409, 466 on plagiotropism of rhizomes, 501 on transpiration-current, 08 Embryo-sac, germination of, O41 EmmarUng— on amides in leaves, 150 on formation of nitrogenous organic substances in plants, 149 Emulsin, analysis of, 189 Enchylema, 25 Endophyllum, life^history of, 634 Endoplasm, 13, 23 Endosmotic current, 40 Endosperm, 170 Endospore, 600 Energy in plants ; accumulation of, 289 ; dependence of, on destructive meta- holism, 290; dissipation of, 290; evo- lution of, as electricity, 324 ; as growth, 291; as heat, 302; as movement, 296; expenditure of, 288; supply of in plants with, and without cnloro- phyll, 251, 252 WfipnlnnifiTi — on Bacteria as a test for oxygen (Fig. 35)» «56 on Bacterium photometricum, 298, on contractile vacuoles, 522 on colouring matters of Algae, 256 on decomposition of carbon dioxide by light, 258 on etiolin, 152 on exhalation of oxygen by chloro- phyll-corpuscles, 153 on movements of Diatoms, 520 on movements of Schizomycetes in free oxvgen, 255 on theory of chlorophyll-fnnctioQ, Enteromorpha mesenienca^ spind growth of, 512 Entomophthoreae, conjugatioo of, 617 Epicotyl, curvatures of, 367 Epinasty, 366 Epiphytes, 459 Epiplasm, 638 Br<ltna.iiw — on glycolignose, 2 1 on lignose, 234 Eremascus albus^ reproduction of, 620 Erlknon — evolution of heat by yeast, 306, 307 on temperature of flower seeds, 305 Brienxnayar — on decomposition of carbon dioxide, on formation of acids, 227 Birera, on glycogen in Fungi, 171 Ervthrophyll, 241, 266 Etnereal oils, 236 Ethers, 237 Etiolated leaves, structure of, 384 Etiolated shoots, structure of, 386 Etiolation, 152, 240 Etiolin, 152 ; formation of, 240, 264 Bngster, on xanthin, 221 Euphorbia splendens^ latidferous cell (Fig. 691 Funlntiln — on etiolation, 591 on movements of chlorophyll-cor- puscles, 399 on movements of Oscillatoria, 523 FlEurlow, on vegetative apogamy in ferns, 601 PftrBky, on use of chlorine, 137 Fat, formation of, 218 Fatal temperature : for plants, 178; for leaves, 279; for Bacteria, 279 Fatigue, 302, 572 Fatty adds, 225 Female reproductive cell, 608 Ferment-action, 191,212; effect of light on, 268 ; effect of temperature on, 192 Fermentation, 193, 207; acetous, 208; alcoholic, 208; butyric, 209 ; lactic, 209 Ferments, 188; analysis of, 189; classi- fication of, 189; preparation of^ 193 Ferns: apogamy in, 602; apospory in, 601; life-history of, 629; vegetative reproduction in, 599 Fertilisation, 609; in Phanerogams (Figs. 7i» 75» 76), 616 Fibro-vascular tissue, passage of water through, 100 Fiedler, on the effect of high tempera- ture on moist seeds, 281, 282 Filtration under pressure, in Grass- haulms, loi ; in nectaries, 100; in roots, 45, 94 FIsoli, on conjugation in Ustilaginese, 618 Fixed light positions, 430, 446, 590 Flaccidity of leaves on shaking, 112 Flemmlng — on chromatin, 27 on granules in nuclei, 27 Ftonry, on absorption of oxygen by seeds, 76 Florideae, 11 ; reproduction of, 531, 613 Flower, 604 Flower-heads, pendent position of, 342, 455 Flowers, evolution by, of heat, 309 ; of light, 317 Food of plants, 121 Formic acid, 225, 227 Fragaria, diageotropism of shoots of, 470, 503; diaheliotropism of, 441 Ptanclilinonti on resin, 236 on calcium oxalate in plants, 23 1 on diageotropism, 470 on diaheliotropbm, 441, 449 on geotropism, 454 on heliotropism, 427 on induction of dorsiventrality, 427 on movements of plants, 299 on mucilage, 17 Vnwj — on chemical composition of chloro- phyll, 154 on cutin, 19 FMee, on luminosity, 317 Fritillaria imperialism heliotropism of leaf of, 444 on continuity of protoplasm, 23 on structure of protoplasm, 24 Frost, effect on leaves, 274; on plants, 273; on seeds, 272 Fucaceas, reproduction of, 609 Fucus, analysis of (Godechens), 61 Fiinflrtiidc, on pendent position of buds, 455 Fungi, life-history of, 633 ; reproduc- tion of, 617 Funkia, adventitious budding in, 599 Oad, on movement of gynostemium of Stylidium adnatum, 536 Galanihus nivalis^ pendent position of buds, 455 Gallic acid, 235 Galls, 333 Galvanotropism, 474 Gametangium, 607 Gametes, 607 Qardlner— on aggregation, 565 on continuity of protoplasm (Fig. 64), 585. «3 on water-glands (Fig. 19), 91 Oardner — on formation of chlorophyll, 263 on heliotropism, 433 on luminosity of plants, 318 Garreau — on absorption of oxygen by leaves, 79.80 on evolution of heat, 305 on loss of weight during germina- tion, 204 on respiration of growing plants, 196 on transpiration, 103, 105, 106 O&rtner^ on hereditary variability, 676 on hybridisation, 651 on variability of cultured plants, 679 Gases, in plant-tissues, r 19 Qaudicbaud, on luminosity, 317 Qantier, on chemical composition of chlorophyll, 154, 155 Geddea, on formation of non-nitro- genous organic substance by animals, '59 44—2 692 INDEX. Gemma of Marchantia (Fig. 49), 426 Gemmie of Fern-prothallia ; of Liver- worts; of Mosses; of Sphacelariae, 599 Generative nucleus, 615 Gentiana, absence of heliotropic irrita- bility in, 431 Geotropic curvatures, due to heteraux- esis, 465, 467 ; mechanism of, 464, 580 Geotropic irritability, 461 ; localisation of, 467; phenomena of, in dorsiven- tral, 469, 552 ; in isobilateral, 469; in radial organs, 455 ; orthotropic, 455 ; plagiotropic, 462 Geotropism, 454 (Fig. 51), 593; after- effect, 464 ; latent period, 435, 464 ; negative, 458; positive, 458; trans- verse, 463 ; reversal of, 459 CSarland, on oxidation of chlorophyll in light, 266 Germination, 172, 626; changes in re- serve-materials on, 173; evolution of heat in (Fig. 37), 303 ; minimum tem- perature oT, 269; optimum tempera- ture of, 277 ; effect of want of oxygen on, 209 Gilbert, on absorption of nitrogen, 85, 126 Glands, 244 (Fig. 32); of carnivorous plants (Fig. 33), 247 Globoid, 170, 184 Glucosides, 234 Glutamin, 221 Glycerin, 229 Glycogen, 171 Glycolignose, 21 CKkLechens, on ash of Fucus, 61 QodlewSkl— on absorption of carbon dioxide, 73 on absorption of oxygen during germination, 205 on etiolated seedlings, 390, 392 on evolution of carbon dioxide by plants, 201 on evolution of oxygen, 143 on formation of oil drops in Mu- saceae, 146 on growth of leaves in darkness, 381 on starch-distribution, 163 on starch-grains in chlorophyll -cor- puscles, 142 Qoebel, on adventitious budding in Isoetes, 635 Goldfussia anisophylla^ movements of style of, 545 Gonium, pulsating vacuole of, 522 Gonoplasm, 619 CHippert — on evolution of heat in germina- tion, 303 Gdppert — on germination at low temperature, 272 ▼on Oomp-BeBaiiex — on ash of Trapa, 59 on asparagin in vetch-seeds, 174 on diastatic ferments, 189, 193 on peptic ferments, 1 73 Ctraham, on osmosis, 40 Grand period, of evolution of heat in spathes, 308; of growth, 354 Granulose, 183 Qratlolet, on evolution of oxygen at low temperature, 271 Gravity; influence of, on direction of growth (Fig. 693 Guttapercha, 337 Gymnosperms ; calcium oxalate in, 22; reproduction of, 615 (Fig. 71), (Fig. 76) Gymnosporangium, 635 Halierlandt, O.— on decomposition of chlorophyll by intense light, 265 on erythrophyll, 267 on minimum temperature of ger- mination, 284 Haberlandt, F. — on effect of high temperature on seeds, 280, 281 on maximum temperature of ger- mination, 277 on minimum temperature of ger- mination, 270, 271, 272 Hsematococcus (Fig. i), i, 11; repro- duction of, 605 ; sensitiveness of zoo- spores of, to light, 524 on absorption of water by leaves, 66 on force of absorption in im- bibition, 37 on loss by transpiration, 104 on physiological significance of transpiration, 115 on root-pressure, 90, 94, 95 on transpiration, 96, 104, 117 Hansgirg, on movements of Diatoms, Hansteln— on distribution of organic sub- stance in plants, 169 on enchylema, 25 on metaplasm, 23 Hartlfi:— on resin, 232 on tannic acid, 237 on transpiration, 98 Haulms of grasses, geotropic curvatures of, 466 Haustoria, 411 Heat, 268 ; cause of death from, 283 ; conduction of, by wood, 315, 316; evolution of, in fermentation, 307 ; in termination, 303; in opening of flowers (Garreau, Fig. 38), 308; (Kraus), 308; (Dutrochet), 30^ fatal temperature for Bactena, 279 ; plants, 278; yeast, 279 influence of, on formation of chloro- phyll, 270; on germination, 269; on growth, 402, 577 loss of, by conduction, 313; radi- ation, 313; transpiration, 313 Heckel, on effect of anaesthetics on motile stamens, 549, 551 Hedysarum {Desmodium) gyrans, 533 ; leaf of (Fig. 57), 535 ; sleep move- ments of (Fig. on reversal of heliotiopic properties, on root-pressiiret 90, 94, 95 ▼on Httlmel— on cntin, 19 on filtration, 99 on effect of high temperature on seeds, 480 on negative pressure in vessels, ii5» "7 on transpiration, 106, 107 on constructive metabolism of Mu- sacese, 146 on evolution of oxygen, 143 HOlmer, on decomposition of absorbed sulphates, 149 Homodromous torsion, 514 Homosporous plants, 603 Hook -climbers (Fig. 47), 411 Hop, twining of <Fig. 54), 516 Hoppe, on daily period of heat-evo- lution in Colocasia, 313 Hoppe-Seyler — on alcoholic fermentation, 108 on aromatic substances, 932 on cholesterin, 120 on composition of chlorophyll, 154 on conversion of carbohydrates into fat, 118 on etiolin, 241 on the formation of acids in plants, 227 on globulin, 25 on lecithin, 131 Horizontal position of dorsiventral organs, 470, 503 HOBSBUB — on ammonia salts in plants, 150 on evolution of ammonia by ger- minating seeds, 210 Hubert, on temperature of spadix of Colocasia, 304 Humidity of air, relation of, to tran- spiration, 108 Humus, 48 Hybrids, 648; hybridisation, reciprocal, 648 Hydrodictyon utricttlatunty reproduction of, 627 Hydrogen, in food of plants, 125; evo- lution of by plants, 209 Hydrotropism, of growing organs, 478, 593; 01 Plasmodia, 528 Hygroplasma, 656 Hygroscopic water, 48 Hypochlorin, 147 Hypocotyl, curvatures of, 367 Hyponasty, 366 Idioplasm, 657 Imbibition, 15, 37 ; heat evolved in, 37 ; influence ojf acids or alkalies on, 38; of alcohol and salts on, 38; of temperature on, 38 Indican, 239 Indifferent line in cells of Characeae, Indigo, 239 Ingdnlunui — on absorption of nitrogen by plants, 84 on absorption of oxygen by leaves, on dephlogistication of air, 140 on relation of plants to atmosphere, 75 Intercalary growth in cell-wall of CEdo- gonium, 337 Intercalary zones of growth, 338 Intramolecular oxygen, 203 Intussusception, 16, 336 Invertin, 190 Ipomoea, twining of, 517 Iron, in food of plants, 135 ; in chloro- phyll-molecule, 154; influence of, on formation of chlorophyll, 239 Irritability, 37 1 ; action of anaesthetics on, 549; of fatigue on, 302, 550; of light on, 540 ; of temperature on, 55 1 ; ofsupply of water on, 554 Irritability; conditions of, 548; localisa- tion of, in root-tip, 468, 474, 479 ; of growingorgans,4i6 ; of matuiecxgans, 519; of tendrils, 485; of twining stems, 511; relation between geo- tropic and beliotropic irritabilities, 499. Irritability, specific, 374 Irritable hairs of Dioncea, 548 (Fig. 63) Isobilateral organs, 423 Isoetes, adventitious budding in, 635; development of antherozoids ol^ 639 Isosporous plants, 603, 629 Ivy, dorsiventrality of shoots of, 425 JaaoaewBkl, on callus in sieve-tubes, 166 Jotfln, on oxidation of ethereal oil, 367 Johnion — on analysis of plants, iss on geotropism, 454 on hydrotropism, 477 Juniperus rnrginiana^ fertilisation in (Fig. 71), 617 JmgenMn, on distribution of electricity in plants, 320, 322 Just — on assimilation of carbon by plants, 144 INDEX. 695 on nuudmnm temperature for germi- nation, 377 on effect of high temperature on seeds, «8o KalMdh— on efiect of anaesthetics on motile leaveSf 551 on influence of gases on movement of stamens of Berberis and Helian- themum, 548 on influence of temperature on movement of Desmodium, 537 on motile organs, 296, 298 on movement of gynostemium of Stylidium cidnatum, 556 Karsten, on composition of etiolated seedlings, 390 Kellner — on amides in leaves, 150 on effects of nitrates on exhalation of carbon dioxide by seeds, 102 Kem, on peptone in shoots, 164 Kamer, on irritability of peduncles, 491 Ketones, 236 yitiima^wii^ on reproduction of Pyronema (Peziza), 621 Kinetic energy, 288 on mucilage, 18 on the effect of decapitation on roots, 468 l^eDmaim, on movements of zoospores at low temperatures, 208 KlAln, on crystalloids in Mucorini, 171 on diffusion of organic substances in plants, 169 on effect of movement on growth in thickness, 352 on geotropism (Fig. 51), 456 on hydrotropism, 478 on negative heliotropism of tendrils, 429 on root-pressure, 91 on transpiration-current, 97 Kno1)laach, on conductivity of wood, 316 on absorption of asparagin, etc., by roots, 124 on chlorine, 136 on excretion by roots, 222 Kooh, on etiolated shoots, 386 (Fig. 42) Kohl, on mechanism of auxotonic curva- tures, 582; on twining stems, 491, 5" Kolbe, on formation of compounds of nitrogen, 128 Kdlrenter, on hereditary variability, 676 KounUl, on chemical composition of chlorophyll, 154 Koppen, on relation between temperature and growth, 293, 294, 377 Koisel, on xanthin, 22 1 Kosnnaiui, on diastatic ferment, 164, 189, 190 Krabbe, on effect of decapitation of roots, 468 Krauch — on peptic ferment in seeds, 173, 190 on diastatic ferment, 189 0. KrauB — on formation of acids in plants, 228 on growth of leaves in darkness, O. % on luminosity, 315 Latent period, 374, 513; in geotropism, 464; in heliotropism, 435 Lateral roots, 462 ; action of centrifugal force on, 462; action of gravity on, 461 ; proper angle of, 502 Latex, 167; composition of, 168 Lathyrus odoratuSy twining of tendrils of, 490 Laticiferous cells and vessels (Fig. 24), 167 Lawes, on absorption of nitrogen by plants, 126 ** Laying" of wheat, 137, 386 (Fig. 42) Leaf; absorption by, of gases, 69; of water, 65 Bxed light-position of, 445 heliotropism of, 444 structure of (Fig. 13), 69, 384 ; etiolated, 384; peculiarities in, due to fixed light-positions, 591 Lechartier, on alcoholic fermentation in fruits, 209 Lecithin, 131, 225, 243 LfltiTnann, on relative value of ammonia- salts and nitrates, 127 Lemna trisulca^ chlorophyll-corpuscles (Fig. 36), 300 Lenticels (Fig. 14), 71 Leon, on torsion of twining intemodes, 515 Leptogium, reproduction of, 023 Leucin, 150, 221 Leucophyll, 262 Leydhecker, on chlorine in food, 136 Lichens, sexual reproduction of (Fig. 73)» 623; soredia of, 599 UxitliJi— on absorption of carbon dioxide by root, 82 on formation of acids in plants, 227 on potassium in plants, 134 Life, 160 Life-history of; Algae, 631 ; Fungi, 633; Mosses, 628; Phanerogams, 629; Vascular Cryptogams, isosporous, 629; heterosporous, 629 Light ; apostrophe, 299, 527 (Fig. 36) directive influence of, on growth of bilateral organs, dorsiventral, 441 ; isobilateral, 441 ; leaves, 445; radial organs, 428 epistrophe, 299, 527 (Fig. 36) evolution of, by plants, 316 induction of, nxed position of or- gans, 430; dorsiventrality by, 427 influence of, on absorption of mine- ral food, 258; of oxygen, 260; of carbon dioxide, 82 Light, contimud: on action of unorganised ferments, 268; on Bacteria (Engelmann), 255; on constructive metabolism, 151, 254 ; on decomposition of chlorophyll, 263 ; on destructive metabolism, 200 on formation of alkaloids, 268; of chlorophyll, 262 ; of colouring matters, 262, 267; of etiolin, 264; of non- nitrogenous organic material, 147 influence of, on growth (Fig. 43), 379; stimulating, 299, 400; tonic, 379; phototonus, 380, 573; paratoDQS, nature of, 573 on locomotion, 523 ; on movements, 5^2, 538; on movements of chloro- phyll-corpuscles, 525; on position of zoospores (phototaxis), 525; on respiration, 260; on streaming move- ment of protoplasm, 524; on transpi- ration, 109 Light, inhibitory action of, 398 ; inhibi- tion of spontaneous movements by, 544; optimum intensity, for growth, 258; for heliotropism, 432 ; persistent influence of, 396 Light-positions of organs, 430, 446, 590 Light- rays which cause opening of motile leaves, 539; which decom- pose carbon dioxide, 254; which produce heliotropic curvature, 433; which retard growth, 397 relation between intensity and de- composition of carbon dioxide, 257; between intensity and heliotropic effect, 432 Lignin, 232; in cell- walls, 18 Ltiium bulbiferum^ vegetative reproduc- tion of, 599 Linaria cymbalaria^ heliotropism of, 429 UndiBay, on Mimosa, 560 Litmus, 242 Loasa aurantiaca, reversal of direction of twining in, 517 Localisation of irritability; in growing organs, galvanotropic, 474; geo- tropic, 467 ; heliotropic, 438 ; hydro- tropic, 480; in motUe organs, 548; in tendrils, 486 Locomotion, 519 Loew— on analysis of ferments, 189 on fat in Fungi, 219 on formation of nitrogenous or- ganic substance in plants, 149 on lecithin, 131 on structure of protoplasmic mole- cule, 160 INDEX. 697 Lomniel — on physical theory of chlorophyll, 156 on rays of spectrum which decom- pose carbon dioxide, 254 Lonicera, twining of, 514, 517 Lophospermum scandens^ irritability of, 49" Lory, on absorption of oxygen by Oro- banche, 77 Lubbotik, on dichogamous flowers, 647 de Luca — on alcoholic fermentation, 209 on evolution of carbon dioxide by plants, 313 on evolution of hydrogen by plants, 909 on mannite in olives, 171 LQdwlg, on luminosity, 317 Luminosity of plants, 318 Lunularia, gemmae of, 59^ Lynch, on movements oi Averrhoa bi- limbi, 536 (Fig. 58) Lysimachia Nummularia^ direction of growth of, 441, 442, 450, 469, 503 Lythrum, heterostylism in, 647 Macrosporangia, 603 M acrospore, 603 Magnesium in food of plants, 1 35 Mahonia, structure of motile stamens of. 533 Male parthenogenesis, 674 Malic acid, 29; attraction uf, on an- therozoids, 529 Kalplghl, on germination in absence of oxygen, 292 Maly, on resin, 236 AlatuievilUa suaveolensy does not twine in darkness, 517 Mannite, 171, 210 Maquenne — on absorption of heat by leaves, 3H on decomposition of carbon dioxide in artificial light, 258 on absorption of oxygen by Boletus versicolor^ 76 on exhalation of carbon dioxide by Fungi, 197 Marchantia, dorsiventrality of, 425; gemmae (Fig. Moyon — on transpiration-cairent, 117 on luminosity, 517 Mayor — on formation of starch-grains, 181 on relation of iron to formation of chlorophyll-corpuscles, 140 Micella, 32 Micellar theory of Naegeli, 33, 336 Microsomata, 23, 26 Microsporangia, 603 Microspores, 603 Middle Lamella, 19, 20 Kiescliar, on nucle'in, 27 on etiolin, 740 on photochemical induction, 363 MlUardet— on movements of Mimosa, 541, 543* 544 on tissue-tensions in Mimosa, 406 Mimosa albida^ paraheliotropism of, Mimosa pudica, 23, 302, 312, 324, 533, 538; action of anaesthetics on, 549, 572 ; conditions of irritability of, 549, 572; conduction of stimuli in, 548, 58^ ; daily periodic movements of, 543; fatigue in, 550; mechanism of move- ments, 568; nyctitropic movements, (Figs. 55, 56), 541, 570; rays favour- able to irritability of, 549; relation between tissue tensions, and nyctitro- pic movements, 543 ; sensitiveness to gravity, 552; to light, 538; to me- chanical stimuli, 544, 561 ; spon- taneous movements of, 537; structure of pulvinus of (Figs. 55, 56), 533 Mimulus, irritability of stigma of, 545 Minimum temperature of growth, 293 Mlnot, on extrusion of polar body, 672 Mistletoe, 429, 458, 474; absence of geotropic irritability in, 458 ; negative heliotropism of hypocotyl, 429; para- sitism of, 124; somatotropism of, 474 ▼on Molil — on erythrophyll, 266 on negative refraction of cell-wall, 15 on optical properties of starch- grains, 183 on interference colours in starch- grains, 36 on the relation between geotropic and heliotropic irritability, 498 on resumption of the formation of chlorophyll m spring, 266 on starch-grains in chlorophyll cor- puscles, 14 1 ▼oaMohl^ on transpiration as affected by sto- mata, 107, 108 on twining stems, 491, 508 on twining of tendrils, 490 Moiasan— on evolution of carbon dioxide from leaves, 199, 276 on paseous interchange during ger- mination, 206 Moisture, directive influence on growth, 478 Mcfldenliawor, on transpiration as af- fected by stomata, 107 MoUBCh, on hydrotropism, 477 KoU-- on absorption of carbon dioxide by leaves, 83 (Figs. 17, 18) on root-pressure, 92 Monoblepharis, reproduction of, 630 Monotropa HypopUys^ ovule of (Fig. 699 599; of electrical sdmali, 514; of external conditions* 542; of free oxygen, 996, $21 ; light, intensity of, 2981 52«» 525* 5^7» 574; <J»'«c^on of, (phototaxis), 524; of temperatare, 197, 523, 528 ; of water of imbibition, 5H Movement; mechanbm of, 557; nycti- tropic (Fig. 58), 539, 400; relation of to turgidity, 559; spontaneous, 533; of Plasmodia, 527; of pulsating vacuoles, 523 Movements, streaming, of protoplasm, ^9^, 5«^ 558 Mucilage in seeds, 17 Mucor, heliotropism of, 428 Mucor mtuedOf life history of, 634 Mucor stolottifeTy hydrotropism of, 478 Mucorini; conjugation of, 617; life history of, 634 KiQdflr— on formation of compounds of nitrogen, 129 on geotropism, 454 Killlsr— on oxidation of chlorophyll, 266 on resin, 233 on theory of chlorophyll- function, MiUl<r>H<tt11ngen, on Galvanotropism, 474 MiUlAr-Thurgan — on growth in darkness of nega- tively heliotropic organs, 440 on heliotropism, 432, 437 on heliotropic curvature, 438 on plants, as affected by low tem- perature, 274 on relation between geotropic and heliotropic irritability, 498 HuBlc, on electricity, 320, 324 MUntz— on evolution of hydrogen by plants, 209 on ferments, 190 on mannite in Agarics, 171 on nitrification, 129 Muscinese, 610, 629 Naeg«U~ on absorption of adds by Fungi, H5» ^3i» ^37 on amount of absorption by cell- walls, 38 on calcium in food of Moulds, 135 on evolution, 657, 680 on fat in Fungi, 219 on formation of starch-grains, 181, 183 on growth of cell- wall, 15 on growth by intussusception, 336 on heat evolved in imbitntion, 37 on imbibition, 32 on lecithin, 131 on micellar theory, 33 on movements of Diatoms, 520 on nitrogenous food of Fungi, 128 on organic substances as food of Fungi, 125 on plasmolysis, 44 on potassium in food of Fungi, 134 on relation of growth to destructive metabolism in yeast, 202 on starch-grains in chlorophyll-cor- puscles, 141 on strontium in food of Fungi, 135 on stratification, 17 on reproduction, 656 Narcisstis pseudo-narcissus, diageotro* pism of flower heads of, 463 Nectar, 246 Nectary, loi, 246 Negative pressure, of gases in vessels, 118 Nepenthes, glands of, 247 Nephrodium, bulbils of, 599 Nephrolepis, adventitious budding of, 599 Nervimotility (Dutrochet), 475 Nuottana/aiacum, gtotTopic curvatures of, 466 Nl^oe de 8t Victor, on conversion of starch into sugar, 268 Nitella, heliotropism of, 428 Nitrates, 127, 150 Nitrification, 129 Nitrc^en, absorption of, 85, 126 (Fig. 20), combined; sources of, 128; com- pounds absorbed by plants, 127; losses of, 129 Nitrogenous metabolism in plants ; con- structive, 150; destructive, 220 Nitrogenous organic substance, distri- bution of, 165; formation of, 148 Nobbe — on chloride of potassium, 132; chlorine, 136 on distribution of roots in soil, 52 on roots in salt-solutions, 51 on water-culture, 134 Non-nitrogenous organic substance, for- mation of, 140; conditions favour- able to, 147 ; d^tribution of, 164 ; plastic, 216; waste, 255 Nostoc, formation of spores in, 602 Nothoscordum fragrtzns, adventitious budding in, 599 700 INDEX. Nuclear fusion, in sexual process, 643 ; between somatic cells, 072 Nuclein, 17 Nucleo-idioplasm, 658 Nucleolus, 13, 26 Nucleus, 13, 26; composition of, 27; reticulate structure of, 27 ; vegetative, and generative, 615, 640 Nutation, 360; mechanism of, 582; re- volving, 361 (Fig. 41); simple, 361; undulating, 368 Nutrition, 289 Nyctitropic movements (Figs. 58, 59, M> 405* 539 Oat-plants, analysis of (Arendt), 63, 129; (Herapath), 63 Oedogonium, growth of cell- wall of, 1 1 ; reproduction of (Fig. 67), 610 Oogonium, 609 Oomycetes, reproduction of, 618 Oophore, 628 Oosphere, 609 Oospore, 609 Opening of flowers, 378, 400, 403 Optical properties of organised bodies, 33; of cell-walls, 14 (Figs. 4, 5); of chlorophyll (Plate i), 155; of cuticu- larised cell- walls, 36 ; of cystoliths, 1 5 ; of starch-grains, 35, 182 (Fig. 27) Optimum light-intensity; for growth, 258; for heliotropic curvature, 499 Optimum temperatures, for alcoholic fermentation, 277 ; ferment- action, 277; germination, 277; growth, 293 Opuntia, metabolism of, 197, 207, 231 Orchids, air roots of (Fig. 12), 51 Organic acids in plants, classification of, 225; formation of, 227; relation of, to tur^dity, 41, 232, 391, 563, 580 ; sigmficance of, 230 Organic substance, distribution of, 162; formation of, 140, 158 Organized bodies, imbibition of, 31; molecular structure of, 31; optical properties of, 33 Organs, definition of, 9 Organs, anisotropic, 424; bilateral, 422; dorsiventral, 423 ; isobilateral, 423 ; orthotropic, 424; plagiotropic, 424; radial, 422 Organs, growing; structure and pro- perties of, 338; irritability of, 375; tensions in, 342 Organs, motile, 372 ; irritability of, 5ip; structure of (pulvinus), 533, (Figs. 55» 56) , Organs, specific irritability of, 374, 497, 500 Origin of species, 680 Orthotropic organs, 424 Oscillatoria, locomotion of, 520 Osmometer, 40 Osmosis (Fig. 9), 40, 89 Osmotic properties of cell, 39 Osmotically active substances, 41 OademaiiB, on absorption of oxygen by seeds, 76, 77; on evolution of am- monia by germinating seeds, 210 Ovule (Fig. 70), 603 Oxalic acid, 124, 227 Oxalis acetosella^ pulvinus, 533; in- fluence of light on leaves of, 538; effect of variation of temperature on, 544 ; spontaneous movement, 537 Oxalis, heterostylism of, 647 Oxalis sensitwOf irritability of, 545 Oxygen, in food, 126 absorption of, by plants (Figs. 701 on evolution of carbon dioxide by Barley seedlings, 199 ^nium curtunif phototaxis of, 525 I*€ptic ferments, 190 I^eptones, 25 ^<«rcival, on relation of amount of carbon dioxide to nutrition, 73 X^erennials, 597 r*eriodicity of growth (Fig. 45), 356, 401 ; of heat-evolution in opening flowers, 311; of movements in motile leaves, 543; of root-pressure, 95; of tissue- tensions, 405 ; of transpiration, "3 Periplasm, 619 T*erisperm, 170 Perithecium, 625 I^eronosporeae ; life-history of, 634; re- production of, 602, 619, 665 ^ersoi, on diastatic ferments, 189 Teten, on analysis of Pumpkin seeds. Petiole, clasping of Soianumjasminoides (Fig. 46), 412 Petzold, on tannic acid, 235 Pfknndlar, on definition of protoplasm, 37 Pfeffar — on asparagin in lupin seeds, 174 on destructive metabolism, 294 on direction of movement of Plas- modia, 528 on induction of dorsiventrality in gemmae of Marchantia, 426 on the effect of chemical stimuli on movement of antherozoids, etc., 529 on the effect of germination on aleurone-grains, 173 on evolution of oxygen, 143 on globoid, 1S4 on motile organs, 296 on movement of Mimosa, 537, 541, 544» 549' 550, 560; of Oxalis, 538, 544; of stamens of Cynareae, 545, 559 on opening and closing of flowers, 378, 400, 404 on osmosis, 44 on rays of spectrum which decom- pose carbon dioxide, 156, 254 on relative turgidity of etiolated and normal shoots, 391 on starch-distribution, 163 on structure of stamens of Cynareae, 533. 545 on sugar and amides in growmg point, 177 on transmission of stimulus in Mimosa, 584 Pfelffar, on formula of starch, 183 Pfltier— on movements of Diatoms, 520 on silicon in plants, 137 Pfliiger— on intra-molecular heat, 302 on intra-molecular oxygen, 203 on luminosity, 317, 318 on metabolic activity, 269 on reproduction, 662 on self-decomposition of proto- plasm, 188 on stimulation, 301 on structure of protoplasmic mole- cule, 160 Phaeosporeae, reproduction of, 608 Phanerogams, endosperm, 170; forma* tion of seed, 630; life-history of, 629; reproduction of (Figs. 70, 71, 75, 76), 603, 615, 643 Phillip, on absorption of metallic oxides by plants, 122 Phlobaphenes, 238 Phloridzin, 234, 235 Phloroglucin, 235 Phosphorescence, 316 Phosphorus, in food of plants, 131; effect of, on metabolism, 132 Photochemical induction, 263 Photoepinasty, 383, 443 Photohyponasty, 384 Photomechanical induction, 435 Phototaxis, 525 Phototonus, 380, 523, 573 Phycochromaceae, reproduction of, 604 Phycocyanin, 242 Phycoerythrin, 242 Phycomyces, growth of hypha (Fig. 43), 395 ; life-history of, 634 ; thermo- tropism of, 434 Phycoxanthin, 242 Phylloxanthin, 266 Phytophthcra in/estarts^ 605 Phytophthora omnivora, life-history of, 634 Pierre, on ash of Brasstca oUracea, 62 Pilobolus, heliotropism of, 428 Pinguicula, glands of, 247; movement of leaf of, 545, 547 Pinot, on geotropism, 454 Plagiotropic organs, 424 Plagiotropism, 501 Planogametes, 607 Plant, analysis of, 122 Plant-cell (Fig. 3), 13 Plant-movements, biological significance of, 587 Plant ; income and expenditure of, 327 ; life-history of, 628 Plants; reproduction of, 597; tempera- ture of, 313 702 INDEX. Plasmodia of Myxomycetes, 519, 527; chemistry of, 25 ; influence on move- ment of, heat, 538; light, 528; solu- tions, 529 Plasmolysis (Fig. 9), 39, 44 Plastic products, 138, 116; use of, 177 Plastin, 15 Pleurotsenium, phototaxis of, 525 PoggloU, on heliotropic effect of rays of different wave-length, 433 Fohl, on movements of Mimosa, 535 Poisoning of olants, 123 Polar body, 640, 668 Pollen-grain, 603 Pollen-sac, 603 Pollen-tube, 615 Pollination, effect of, 626 Pollinodiimi, 610 Polyembryony, 627 Polyphagus EuglemXy phototaids of, 524 Polystigma, reproduction of, 623; life- history of, 634 Poppy, pendent position of heads, 455 ; reversal of geotropic properties of, 459 PorlUria kygrometricOy efiect of drought on movements of^ 549 Position, pendent, of flower-heads, 342, 455 Potassium in food of plants (Fig 11), 132 Potatoes^ ash-analysis, by Her^>ath, 62 Potency, relative of parents, 650; of pollen, 648 Potential exiei^, 288 Pott, on formation of nitrogenous organic substance in plants, 149 Fonlllety on heat evolved in imbibition, 37 PranU, on growth of leaves, 381, 383, 395 Prasmowsld, on Clostridium butyricum, 292 Pressure, effect of, on growth, 410 Pressure, atmospheric, relation to plant- life, 74 Priestly — on absorption, of carbon dioxide by green plants, 8 1 ; of nitrogen by plants, 84; of oxygen by plants, 75; on dephlogistication of air, 140 PrlUlenz, on imperfect elasticity of Rowing organs, 342 Pnmary root, 419; shoot, 419 Primordial cells, 2; utricle, 73, 23, 39; osmotic properties of, 44 Primula, glandular hairs of (Fig. 32), 245 ; heterostylism in, 647 PrliigBlieiin — on chlorophyll-corpuscles (Fig. 22), 153 PrlngBbaim— on circulation of protoplasm, 524 on composition of chlorophyUy 154 on formation of cell- wall, 145 on hypochlorin, 147 on loss of colour by chlocophjll- corpuscles when exposed to intense light, 266 on oil drops in Vaiukeria sessiUs, 146 on reproduction of Saprolegniese, 620» 665 on theory of function of chlorophyll, I57i «6i on xanthophyll, 241 Procarpium, 614 Proembryo of Characese, 633 Proembryonic branches of Chara, 599 Promyceiium, 634 Pronucleus, male and female (Figs. 71, 75. 76), 617. 703 Punctum vegetatumisy 338, 419 Pycnidia, 604 Pyrenomycetes, 623 Pyrocatechin, 218 Pyrofuma (Paussa) conflums^ reproduc- tion of, 63 1 Pythium, reproduction of (Fig. 72), 619 Pythium intermedium^ 605 Pythium proliferum, life-history of, 634 Quassiin, 343 Radial organs, 412 Radicles, irritability of, 492 Badlkofar, on crystalloids in Lathrcea squamariaj 171 Bameanz, on loss of heat in transpira- tion, 313 Banke, on electrical condition of plants, 320, 322, 325 Raphe of Diatom-frustule, 520 Raphides, 29 Bautenbedrg, on chemical action of roots on solutions, 56 Bauwenlioff— on absorption of carbon dioxide by plants, 82 on absorption of oxygen by seeds, 76»77 on direction of growth in darkness and in light, 441 on etiolation, 268 on etiolated shoots, 387, 392 on evolution of ammonia by ger- minating seeds, 210 on growth of leaves in darkness, 381 on influence of light on growth, 396 Receptive spot, 609 ▼on Reohenberg — on fatty acids in seeds, 190, 220 Rectipetality, 418 Bees, on tyloses, 350 (Fig. 40) on glycogen in iEthalium, 1 7 1 on imbibition, 38 on lecithin, 131 on plastin, 25 on xanthin, 221 Relation of offspring to the two parents, 650 Banaxd, on formation of sugar from tri- oxymethylene, 144 Reproduction, 6, 597 ; sexual, 600 ; spore-, 597; vegetative, 597; theo- nes of, 653 Reproduction in, Algae (Figs, 65, f)6^ 07, 69), 605, 612; in Ai^osperms, (Figs. 70, 75), 615, 643; in Fungi (Figs. 72, 73, 74), 617; in Gymno- sperms (Figs. 71, 76), 615, 643; in Phanerogams, 603, 6i5» 640* 643 Reproductive cells, 597; organs, 601; substance, 660 Reserve materials, 140, 170 Resin-duct, structure of (Fig. %i\ 245 Resin-grains, 232 Resins, 236 Respiration, 195; relation of, to growth, 295, 369 ; to movement, 297 influence on, of absorbed salts, 202; of reserve-materials, 204 ; of tem- perature, 198 Reversal of direction of torsion, 516; of twininc^, 517 Reversion, 652 Revolving nutation, 361 Rheotropism, 473, 528 Rhizomes, diageotropism of, 463 Bichter, on refraction of crystoliths, 22 Ricinus, aleurone-grains of (Fig. 29), 184 Ringing experiments, 97, 109 (Fig. 25) de iaBlve, on conductivity ofwood» 316 BlBdiawl — on evolution of carbon dioxide by wheat -seedlings, 199, 201 on optimum temperature of growth, Robinia, paraheliotropism of, 552, 593 Bodewald, on xanthin^ 221 Root, structure of (Fig. 20), 93; aerial (Fiff. 12), 50; parasitic, 51 Root-hairs (Figs. ffucTiB — on absorption : of ammonia by leaves, 86; of insoluble substances by roots (Figs. lo, ii), 55; of water by aerial roots, 50; of water by roots, 51 on anisotropic organs, 434 on cystoliths, 22 on distribution of roots in soil, 51 on etiolation, 385 on geotropism : action of gravity at different angles, 459; curvature, 465; of lateral roots, 462; positive of rhizomes, 458 on growth : daily period of (Fig. 45)* 401; grand period of, 355; of grass-haulms, 333; in length, 338; irregularities in rate of, 358 on growing organs : influence of decapitation on roots, 468; of light on, 393 ; of pressure on, 4 10 ; physical properties of, 34 1 ; tensions in, 343 on heliotropism : influence of di- rection of incident rays, 432 ; of leaves, 444; on negative of March- antia, 443; reversal of heliotropic properties, 429 on hydrotropism, 477 on imbibition, 38- on induction of dorsiventrality by light, 425 on metabolism : distribution of or- ganic substances, 163, 164, 166, 188; formation of chlorophyll, 156, 262, 270; formation of colouring matters of flowers in darkness, 267 ; germi- nation of oily seeds, 173 ; of growing point, 1 77 ; influence of light on chlorophyll-function, 258 ; loss of weight in darkness, 253; oxidation of chlorophyll, 264, 266; silicon in food, 137; starch-grains in chlorophyll- corpuscles, 141 ; tannin, 235, 237 on movement : of chlorophyll-cor- puscles, 527; of Mimosa; effect of darkness on, 549 ; effect of drought on, 538, 549; influence of light on, 539 > persistence of, in darkness, 544 on normally etiolated shoots, 385 on phototonus, 380 on proper angle of lateral roots, 42 1 on soil : hygroscopic water in, 48 ; relation of root hairs to (Figs. 10, 1 1), 47 ; retention of water by, 48 on somatotropism, 475 (Fig. 