None
In 1783 a number of Continental protestant immigrants who had been subjected to persecution in their own country found a refuge in Ireland. Many of them were Swiss watch-makers and working gold- smiths and jewellers from Geneva. They settled at a place which they called New Geneva, near Waterford, about a mile and a half lower down the Suir than Passage East. For their assistance and encouragement the Irish Parliament passed an Act (23 & 24 George III., c. 23) which came into operation on i June, 1784. These immigrants were granted an assay office and an assayer, and the following marks were prescribed for being stamped on their wares : — FOR GOLD. 22 CARATS. 20 CARATS. l8 CARATS. Harp crowned, and erased, A plume of two feathers. A unicorn's head, gorged, i.e., with a bar across its strings. i.e., with a collar round its neck. This is the only instance of a statutory assay office having been set up in any part of Ireland other than Dublin. An expenditure of about ^30,000 was contemplated for the establishment of these people in their settlement, and for a short time an attempt appears to have been made to carry on the manufacture of watches and jewelry. Plate does not appear to have been wrought by them. Very soon after their arrival they showed signs of discontent, their success not having been equal to their expectations, and they complained that the Government proposed to impose a tax on gold workmanship with respect to their tenements, and shortly after they returned to their own country.* The buildings which had been erected for their use were during the "rising" of 1798 converted into military barracks. * It appears that from first to last, work was not carried on at New Geneva, and there seems to be no evidence obtainable as to any plate having been wrought there. 7i6 The Irish Goldsmiths and their Marks UNASCRIBED IRISH PROVINCIAL MARKS. The marks illustrated below have been found on plate (apparently of Irish manufacture), in various parts of Ireland, but their origin has not in most cases been traced. The dates are merely approximate and are derived mainly from dates inscribed on the articles named. DATi; (about). MARKS. ARTICLES AND OWNERS. I6II Communion cup and cover, dated 1611: St. Nicholas-without- the-walls, Dublin. 1650 Stamped twice on tankard: Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. 1652 @ Chalice, dated 1652 : The late Mr. R. Day, F.S.A. 1666 (Probably mark of Abel Ram, Dublin.) Alms dish, inscribed " ex dono Ncliemia Donclan, 1666" : Trinity College, Dublin. 1673 % @ Broth basin and cover, inscribed " ex dono jf. B., 1673": The Author's Collection. 1680 Trifid spoon (pricked "1680"): Mr. Dudley Westropp. See Cork, 1680, and Dublin, i6g6. Mj ^\ ffftr 4@ W £p Communion paten, on foot: St. Anne's, Belfast. 1682 Surgeon's bleeding bowl : Mr. Jas. Magee. Plain bowl, dated 1682 : Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp in Westmeath. i6go Mark of Mark Kelly of Kilkenny (?) On chalice : Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. 1700 it roDauiy marK 01 j. or vv. wan, i\uisaic.^ 1 iic puuk^n lauic ui Kinsale : Captain Cramer. 1705 i nree-prongeQ ioiks witn wavy ciiua . i\ui.cu uy irii. i^umt^y Westropp. 1710 Stamped thrice on plate : Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. Do. do. on spoons with wavy ends : Do. do. do. See W at 1700 above. 1720 Salver on foot : Mrs. French. 1720-40 (? mark of Michael Coldwell of Cork.) Harp-handled cup: Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. 1726 Mark of Anthony Walsh (?) On chalice, dated 1726, when given to the Chapel of St. John, Waterford. Mark of Charles Morgan, on cup : Castleton Roche. 1750 Stamped thrice on mug: Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. 1755 Mark of John St. John, Dublin : Do. do. do. 1760 rag Stamped thrice on sauce-boat : Do. do. do. 93 H Mounts of shell snuff-box : Do. do. do. 17S0 Stamped thrice on sauce-boat : Do. do. do. @ Stamped four times on lemon strainer : Do. do. do. On table-spoon : Do. do. do. Unascribed Marks 717 UNASCRIBED MARKS WHICH CANNOT BE ALLOCATED DEFINITELY TO AN ENGLISH, SCOTCH OR IRISH MAKER OR PLACE OF ORIGIN. DATE about). 1574 1593 1660 1680 1700 1730 1740-50 1770 1800 COK * @© ^ 1^ ARTICLES AND OWNEliS. Cup and paten cover: Mr. H. D. Ellis. Also on communion cup at Eglwys Cymmyn, Carm., and on a number of com- munion cups in Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire. On foot of chalice, characteristic of massing chalice of Roman Catholic Church : The Day Collection. Struck thrice on apostle s,ioon : Mr. H. D. Ellis. Rat-tail spoon : Mr. Llewellyn Davies. Mug, embossed and chased : Messrs. Jay Richard Attenborough & Co. Cylindrical box for holding nutmeg and grater : Mr. Harry Alston. Flat-stemmed spoon, pricked 1701 : Mr. A. Gillman. Cream ewer : Mr. E. Assheton Bennett. Tripod salt : Mr. G. W. Rudkin. On four candlesticks of baluster form : Mr. Louis Wine.f Stamped twice on pierced mustard pot : Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. Bright cut spoons : Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp Fiddle pattern spoons : Noted by Mr. Dudley Westropp. * See James Cok, Edinburgh, 1563, pp. 498 and 510 ante. t See mark of Celine Allan of Aberdeen, whose mark (illustrated on p. 533 ante) this resembles. The luce or pike's head may perhaps be connected with the fish mark of Banff, see p. 540 ante. Three lucies haurient argent for Lucy, are borne in the shield of Henry, Earl of Northumberland. 7i8 Addenda ADDENDA. The following illustrations represent marks found since the preceding pages were printed : — LONDON MARKS. Maker's mark of John Wasson (accompanied by the London 1664-5 'i^" marks of 1664-5), on covered tankard : Mr. J. \. Jefferson, Maker's mark of Richard Williams (accompanied by the I7I4-5 . London hall marks of 1714-5), on caster : Dr. Wilfred Harris. Marks found on five small table forks : Mr. A. S. Marsden Smedley. The maker's mark is probably that of John Wisdom. 0 e f 1722-3 ^^^^ Maker's mark of Christopher Canner (probably), on octagonal tea-pot : Mr. W. H. Willson. YORK MARKS. York marks of 1681-2, and the maker's mark of Joshua Geldart, stamped on a beaker belonging to Dr. Wilfred Harris. c. 1692 c. 1695 ^ 1 19 CHESTER MARKS. These marks occur on a paten, dated 1692, at Gnosall, Staffs, and should be compared with those in Table L of the Chester marks, page 387 ante. On standing cup : noted by the Author. The illustration here given represents a 17th century silver sword-hilt stamped with a maker's mark only, namely ^j^jj^ The name of the maker has not been traced, and there being no other accompanying mark, it can only be stated that the sword-hilt is believed to be the work of an English provincial goldsmith. The maker's mark is somewhat similar to that on a mace given 1685 to the Wilton Corporation, as noted on page 4S4 ante. 1 he sword has its original leather scabbard, and is in the collection of Mr. A. S. Marsden Smedley. INDEX. Marks comprising two or more letters are indexed under the first letter of the pair or group. Marks composed of intertwined letters are indexed under each letter appearing in the monogram. Devices where accompanied by initials are indexed under the first initial letter. Marks consisting of devices difficult to identify by a short description, will be found in facsimile at the end of the index. Every maker's mark contained in this book is indexed alphabetically. By referring to the indicated page the mark will be lound illustrated in facsimile. In every ascertained case the name of the maker is connected with his mark, and where marks consist of or comprise initials the names to which they pertain are, by means of their initials, indexed also. Those goldsmiths' names which are printed in chronological order under their respective local headings, and occupy over a hundred pages of the book, are not repeated in this index, because the repetition of those surnames in alphabetical order would — except for the very short period when the Britannia standard was enforced in England — afford no help either to the plate collector or the dealer. As explained on page 236 ante, the manner in which the names are printed in the lists — the initials being in line vertically, with a clear space before the first letter of the surname — facilitates the finding of any particular name. The increase in the bulk of the book, which would have been caused by the repetition of about twelve thousand names has therefore been avoided. The lists of goldsmiths' names will be found indexed under the names of the towns to which they respectively pertain. A AB PAGE A 81, gg, 102, 116, 176, 475, 486, 498, 612, 62I A & Co 617 O/ 82, 115 AA 529 AA (in monogram) ... ... ... ... 498 AA (linked) 469 S/Si^ 2( 5, 208 AAA 535 AAP 529 AB 115, 178, 182, 184, 185, 207, 215, 2ig, 394, 395. 432, 440, 528, 533. 611, 613, 622, 709 AB (distinguishing mark of Old Aberdeen) 531 AB (conjoined) 82, 102, log, 112, 478, 485, 499, 533. 701 I" Forms of the^v < Aberdeen > i_ Town m.-irk J 691 191 161 529 (linked) ... Ab ABA AB, ABD, ABQN ABC Aberdeen — Formerly two distinct burghs Marks used at Old Aberdeen ... Town marks Marks used at New Aberdeen Tables of marks found on Aberdeen plate 533-5 Goldsmiths' names recorded from the 15th to the 19th century ... ... 531 Additional names of goldsmiths of, from 1464 to 1784 ..535 533-5 540 530 530- 1 532-5 531 AB— AH AB) gb/ AB \ LDi ABS AC 85, 184, 187, 209, 216, AC (in monogram) ac AC t EF ( AC I IN / Acorn mark ... Acorn and two leaves AD 84, 140, AD (conjoined) Addenda AE AE (conjoined) >ER AF 123, 124, 126, 128, 196, AF (conjoined) AF\ sg/ AG ... 150, 503, 504. AG (conjoined) j:/ AG & Co AGR AH 83,104,133,137,142,147, 318, 365, 426, 432, 485, 365, 529 160 83 214, 521 i8g, 504. ... 224 214 ... 229 395. 483. 498, , 543, 613, 616 80, 81, 96, 97 195 179 187 195. 197 99. 474. 475 27 i 485. 486, 537. 125. 129, 499 717 718 501,504 ... 619 622 216, 223, 454, 500, 529, 533 143, 502 218 533, 608, 611 533 611 426,504 394 228, 316, 317, 505, 507, 616 720 Index AH— AN PAGE AH (conjoined) 318 A & H 235 AH t. 117 WW J Al 477. 485- 543 A & I 392 AIT 503 AITCHISON 507 Al \ 115 WT i AJ 224, 616 sdJ^ 202 A&JZ 412 AJSMF 234 AK 136, 197. i99> 365, 500 AK (conjoined) ... 80, 81, 97, loi, 103 AL 84, 131, 153, 163, 167, 171, 194, 209, 212, 216, 486, 499, 500, 529, 543, 557. 611 AL (conjoined) 498. 499 Sd^ 199 (conjoined) 621 ALB 52S ALEXR&SN 528 ALLEY G 623 Alloy, necessary for gold and silver wares 4 ,, derivation of the word ... ... 4 ,, description of alloy used 4 ,, proportion of, to fine metal ... 28 All Saints, Guild of, the Goldsmiths' Com- pany of Dublin, its masters and wardens from its incorporation in 1637 626-33 Alphabetical Date-letter, first adoption of, in — England 57-8 Scotland 493 Ireland 581 ALWL 211 AM ... 200,395,455.522,523.554.620,624 AM (in monogram) ... 83, 124, 129, 130, 135 A & M 395 AMC 529 AMcD 52^, 523. 528 AMcL 549 AML (the last two letters conjoined) ... 549 AN 157. 159. 623 AN (conjoined) 149. 7^6 AN (in monogram) 84, 146, 147, 149 SdjV (in monogram) 184 "Anathema" Cup at Pembroke College, Cambridge (1481-2), the oldest secular piece of plate \\ith an alphabetical date-letter 59 Anchor 81, 107, 109, 113, 462, 482, 483, 705 between the letters DG ... 82,117 „ EC - 606 „ „ „ <S3' ... 150 ,. GO 157 II 131 ,, RO 163 RS 116,482,484 ,, TH 132 „ WA ... 156, 158 „ WE 163 ,, in dotted circle 483 ,, wreathed about with a cable as used at Canongate, Edinburgh ... 514 ,, town mark of Birmingham ... 405 ,, town mark of Galway ... ... 702 „ town mark of Greenock ... 545,546 AN— AT PAGE ANe (A & N conjoined) ... Anomalous London hall-marks ANSA 712 78 218 179 427 193 613, 614 igg, 221 ... 387 AO (in monogram) ... A & O sd6 AON AP (conjoined) AP1 FP/ Apple, slippt:d, a Sandwich maker's mark AP I PP/ AR 135, 137. 140. 153, 157. 159, 181, 183, 334, 365. 395. 485. 499. 558. 611, 612, 706 AR (conjoined) ... 499, 500, 607, 619, 716 AR (in monogram) ... Arbalist Arbroath — Town-mark (a portcullis) Marks used at ARPO Arrow ... ,, between the letters WO ,, piercing the letter H Arrows, crossed sheaf of ARS AS 152, 153. 173. 204, 233, 478, 501, 504, 529, 540, 548, 549, 556, 608, 620, 690, 692 91. 235 449 218 80, 95 537 537 172 . 95 115 103 27 96 529 114, 123, 124, 136, 499 126 368 207 AS (conjoined) AS or SA (in monogram) .. A&S sdS" J-dS^c^^'' (in monogram) .. Ash sd^':ye j AS JS AS ASN AS NA Assay, meaning of the word Compulsory for the prevention of adulteration of the precious metals Various methods of 33 Entries in the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company's books relating to Assay and Touch-Money Assayers' mark, earliest reference to, in the case of London plate An alphabetical date-letter in the case of London plate Assay Masters' mark at Edinburgh sub- stituted for the Deacon's mark on the adoption of an alphabetical date-letter in 1681 Assay Masters in Dublin Assay-office marks, see London, York, Norwich, Exeter, Newcastle, Chester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin. AT . ... 109. 162, 185, 188, 622, 623 A & T 528 sd-sr 534 154 153 622 230 514 218 32 33 35-7 672 60 57 493 633 Index 721 AT— BE AT&S AU Xv ... .... AV (conjoined) .... Avoirdupois, comparison of weight AW AW (conjoined) AWA AWP Axe between the ktters CP Ayr, marks used at ... AZ PAGE 157, 158, 213, 501, 502 334 85, 180 115, 6ig ... 196 with Troy 6 529 620, 716 52S 5-^8 102 537 504,505 ... 102, 129, 135, 140 138, 144, 148, 455, 463, 606, 608, 6og (in monogram) ... ... 125 82, 105, 108, log 153, 158, 161, 162, 164, 165, 1G6, i6g, 171. 540 153. 172, 361 361 161, 173 . 206 538-40 Si, 105 B m b BA Ba m.. BAF BAfVF BANF (See Banff). BA IS Banff, marks used at Banner, bendwise Barnstaple — Marks used at Town mark (a BARVM) Table of marks ... Barrel, or tun (a London maker's mark) ,, ,, ,, (a Taunton mark) ... BARVM (See Barnstaple). Basket (a London maker's mark) ... 80, g5 Bassinet, or helmet ... ... ... 81,101 BB 83, I2J, 123, 143, 173, 182, igo, 204, 387, 395' 455, 624, 6gi igi, 211 143, 148 189 castle and the word 458-9 459 , 460 79, 93 ■ 457 3sm mm BB RT BB .TM BC ... & N BD (in monogram) 192 3, 203, 205, 545, 610, 623 197. 198, 199 294 213, 214, 364, 622 BE 121, 123, 155, 164, 166, 167, 168, i6g, 175, 182, 2gi, 342 Be 166, 342 Bear (a London maker's mark) ... ... 113 Bear passant below the letters IH 81, 107 ,, „ ,, „ ,, IM 83, 118, 122 BECG (in monogram) 83, 130 Begheagle, or Bekegle, Charles : a cele- brated Cork goldsmith 685-6 Belfast— The goldsmiths' craft formerly prac- tised at Marks on plate presumed to be of Belfast manufacture Names of goldsmiths ... Bell above the letters WB ,, below the letters I P 8i ,, tree and fish (a Glasgow mark) 712 712 712 206 114 517 BE— BS PAGE Bellows, pair of (a London maker's mark) loi, 103 BENTLY (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 331 BP 113, 120, 121, 181, 701 B & F 390 BG 87, 184, 188, ig4, ig8, 212 m ^ 191. 192 BH & H 427 Bl 84, 154, 170 131 157 Bi 84, 162, 360, 361, 388 m^ 388 Bird mark 81, 83, 97, g8, 100, loi, 102, 104, 123, 128, ig4, 316, 456, 475, 476, 478 See also Cock, Dove, Eagle, Falcon, Goose, Owl, Peacock, Pelican, Phoenix, Stork, Swan, Wyvern. Bird's claw 81, g7, gg Bird's head 79, 92, 717 Birmingham — Town mark (an anchor) 405, 408-14 Appointed an Assay town in 1773 ... 400 Date-letter, when first adopted ... 405 Goldsmiths of 400-4 Their marks described 405-7 Their names from 1773 to 1850 415-g Tables of marks and date-letters found on Birmingham plate ... 408-14 Bishop's mitre ... .•■ •■■ •■• 27 BL 88, 162, 167, 170, 2ig, 224, 334, 534, 550 BM 143, 209, 210, 2ig, 455, 611 B & M 52g BN 85, 175, 3g5 B & N 520 BO ... ■•• 160, 162, 166, 170 Bolt "... "... "8 Bolt in pale between the letters GS 83, 126 Boot 80, g6 Boots, a pair ol 477 Bouget 103 Bow and arrow 79, 93 Bow and arrow between the letters WS 117, ng Bow below the letters IR 82, 113 Bow between the letters IM 113 Bow over the letters IB 108 BOYLE 624 BP 8g, 118, 130, 138, 229, 38g, 624 BR 85, 153, 154, 171, 174, 432 BR (in monogram) 156 Br 157, 167, 334 §r 153, 156, 159 Branch 81, gg, 104, 108, 123 Branch between the letters RP 108 Bristol- Town mark (a ship issuing from a castle) 466 Marks used at 467 Alphabetical date-letter apparently used at 466-7 Mentioned as an Assay town in the Act of 1423 465 Britannia, and lion's head erased, marks of new standard silver ... ... ■■■ 7° Britannia standard never enforced in Ire- land 603 Scotland 490 BROWN T B 717 BRUNKER DUBLIN 616 BS ... 89, 147, 193, 215, 225, 22g, 231, 621 46 722 Index B— cc B&S BSl IS / BT BT or TB (in monogram) BU i6i', Buckle, below the letters IB 8: Bucranium Bugle below the letters TH BULLT Bull's head (a London maker's mar Bush in dotted circle BUXTON BV ^ BW io8 B I BW & A BY i6g, PAGE ... 508 ... 195 • •• 193 ... 226 III, 613, 624 ... 115 291, 388 iiq, 120 ... 446 ... 110 ... 692 100, 105 ... 368 154. 361 ... 179 189, 622 332, 482 87, 197 ... 432  124 C & Co. ... ... ... ... 91,235 CA 148, 183, 184, 220, 533, 717 CA or AC (in monogram) ... 80,81,96,97 C enclosing A ... 152 (in monogram) ... ... ... 128 enclosing ri CA HG 211, 2i5 Calcutta, marks used at 473 Caltrap (a London maker's mark) 81, 103, 105 CAM I ^.r, , , ERON » 368, 543 Campanula (a London maker's mark) 99, loi Canongate (Edinburgh) — Town mark (a stag lodged or a stag's head) Marks used at .. Carat, weight for gold Carlisle — Town mark (a rose) Goldsmiths of, and their marks de- scribed Examples of marks used at Castle or Tower ... ... 475, 533 See also Barnstaple, Bristol, Cork, Dublin, Edinburgh, Exeter, Limer- ick, Newcastle, Norwich, Stirling. Castle between the letters IC ... 83 Cat above the letters TC Cathedral church front (an Elgin town mark, 1790-1830) Catherine wheel CB 117, 118, 193, 206, 211, 220, 501, 522, 690, 693, 694 CB (in monogram) 104, 106, 107, 108, 119, 470, 477. 478 512-13 • 514 6 453 453 454 714 136 136 544 112 C&B CB t TB f CC cc (in monogram) CC (linked) ... arcs: 114, 200, 213, 501 ... 409 ... 224 616, 623 148, 151 97. 718 ... 202 192, 616 529 528 gii 235 142, 207, 366, 368, 501, 502, 505, 623 ... 153 ... 144 83, 129 387-96 CC CL PAGE CCC. CCM. CCP. CD 543 136^ 229 CF ... 89,225,230,408,544,558,612,623 CF or FC (in monogram) ... ... ... 121 ^^•^ 90, 233, 234 172, 186, 623 CH 85, 88, 128, 153, 156, 159, 162, 163, 165, 182, 187, 188, 215, 219, 226, 286, 287, 612, 613, 617 CH (in monogram) 285 C&H 557 ^ 191, 194, ig6 Chalice between four stars in heart-shaped shield 47g Channel Islands, marks used in the ... 472 Chanticleer (or cock) ... 82, 106, 108, 317 Cherub's head ... ... ... ..«r> Cherub's head above the letters Dl „ „ WC „ „ below the letters WH Chester — Town marks Antiquity of the guild of goldsmiths ^' 373-4 Goldsmiths of ... ... ... 371-9 Their marks described ... 380-6 Their names from 1225 to 1S78 397-9 Tables of marks and date-letters found on Chester plate 387-96 Additional Chester marks 718 Maker's mark required to be struck on all plate before 1573 374 Date-letter, when first adopted at 375, 382 Assay office at, re-established in 1701 375 Assay authority mark used at Sterling mark used at ... Chester the only English provincial town with a continuous record from the 17th century to the present day CHJWT CHL CHS CI 80, 172, 196, 486 CI (in monogram) 82, log C enclosing I 82, iii Cinquefoil (town mark of Leicester) ... 451 ,, crowned 478, 479 394.410.548,549 '^■J^ 192 CJR 367,368 CK gi, 137, 138, 141, 143, 144, 185, 217, 235, 624, 716 CK (in monogram) ... ... ... 408 C&K 508 C enclosing K 140 CL 161, 163, 165, 168, 170, 176, ig4, 502, 6ri, 617 27 382 371 235 617 432 C enclosing L Claddagh rings, marks used on CL I ARE ( CLARK Clonmel, goldsmiths formerly at CLl .. 163 ... 706 ... 205 503 working 676, 678 432 Index 723 CL— CP PAGE Clubs or staves, two, in saltire ... ... 112 Clubs or staves, two, in saltire, between the letters BT 11 1 CM 133, 184, 2og, 210, 287, 2S8, 514, 554, 558, 612, 615, 620, 716 193 C enclosing M no CO 84, 85, 123, 144, 153, 158, 164, 165, 176, 177, iSo,  Cock's comb (a London maker's mark) ...  ... ... ... 82, no Comet, below the letters RD ... ... 134 Compasses, pair of ... ... 95, 103, 112 Compasses, crossed, within a radiant circle 81, 98 Congers' or dragons' heads erect, each hold- ing in Its mouth a cross crosslet (town mark of King's Lynn) ... 456 CONWAY 697 CORBETT 697 Cork- Town marks 686-7, 690-7 References to goldsmiths working at, in the 15th and 16th centuries ... 678 Silver mines near Youghal worked by " the Great Earl of Cork " ... ... 678 The Guild of Goldsmiths incorporated with members of other trades in 1656 680 Records of the Guild not older than 165D 678 No regular Assay-office ... ... 679 Plate made at Cork often sent to Dublin  circle between lour pellets moline, crowned patt<5e 79. 93 raguly, incuse ... ... ... 474 saltire, or St. Andrew's Cross 25, 555 within a bordure ... ... 82,111 Crown 80, 81, 105, 318, 421, 710 Crown and rose (a maker's mark) 80, 95, 478 Crowned rose (a Norwich mark) ... 311,315 Crowned rose and fleur-de-lys dimidiated 281 Crozier between the letters GS 83, 126, 127 \ . ... ... 90, 232 CS 83, 125, 146, 187, 508, 612, 614 617 ... 622 c & s OS I H j CT CT (in monogram) CT or TC (in monogram "^^r CTF L GF i CTL iw J CT & IW C \ TWf Cup covered (a maker's mark) cv CW 88, 135, 211, 212, 213, C i w/ c&w C enclosing W CWQ ... CY (in monogram) 90. 233 123, 141, 610, 612, 613, 694 124, 315 131, 142 . . . 207 90, 231, 232 614, 697 ... 697 . . . 209 80, 96, lOI 161, 168 215, 218, 290, 440, 690, 717 131. 476 507, 622 no, 180 472 129 724 Index D— DM PAGE D 80, 81, 94, 106, 117, 287, 317, 477, 479, 620 & 84, 107, 142, 147, 203 DA 84, 145, 148, 156, 163, 165, 167, 170, 171, 178 Dagger, hand grasping ... ... ... 534 Dagger between the letters ID ... 84, 145  rotation of Dublin date- letters explained ... ... 587-98 DB ... ... ... 142,144,213,507,606 D & B 368 DC ... 83, 132, 138, 182, 187, 336, 364, 479 D & C 90, 234 D enclosing C ... ... 82, 109, 117, 119 ^ . 192 330!: 508 DCF 202 DCR 522 DCR&S 528 DD 365, 528 DD (linked) 558 504 Q)2D PAGE 156, 158 ... 694 514 365 > 156, 159. 503. 614, 622 152 528 693 interlaced) DD I TB 1 DE i DE BA DEGE DE ( GE/  DF 91, 528, 549 DF 1 . ,40 DFT 528 DG .. 82,117,138,147,148,194,514,554 DG (in monogram) ... ... ... ... 498 DH 87, 189, 205, 432, 529 DH (ui monogram) ... ... ... ... 498 DH & Co 425 194 ?h} 90,233 DH RH 87, 209 Dl ... ... ... 121, 152, 154, 155, 182 Dl or ID (in monogram) ... ... ... 477 Di 177, 178 D &. JS 507 D & JW 91, 235 DK ... 172,503,557,608,609,610,611,613 D enclosing K ... ... ... ... 620 DL 133, 186, 188, 365, 710 l°g1- ^« DM 87, 210, 528, 543, 614, 617, 620, 621, 624 DM (in monogram) ... ... ... ... 501 D & M 505, 528, 529 203, 504 DMC 528, 694 DMCC 528 DMCD 529 DMCG 507 DO— DU DO DOLLAR (a Cork  adopted from ... ...  DP 88, 199, 202, 225, 612, 624 DP (in monogram) ... ... ... ... 498 612 DPW 203 DR 83, 125, 127, 128, 129, 131, 136, 367, 368, 475. 522 Dragon between the letters TF ... ... 113 Dragons' or congers' heads, three, each holding in its mouth a cross crosslet 456 Drogheda — • Goldsmiths working at, in the i8th century ... ... ... ... 714 Dromedary  529 DS & COY. 529 DS J 224 BS/ ^ DS BS IS 226 DSK 485 DS RS 87, 211, 214 DSI 220 RS/ DT 178, 528, 529 Du 388 Dublin- Distinguishing marks : — 1. Lion, harp and castle ... 562, 581 2. The harp crowned ... 567, 584 Duty marks : — 1. Figure of Hibernia ... 599-602 2. Sovereign's head ... 602-3 Britannia standard never enforced in Ireland 603 Early goldsmiths of 559 Examples of their work mentioned ... 559 A guild of goldsmiths there in 1498 ... 560 Marking of plate 1605-36 under Con- trol of City Corporation 562 Charter granted by Charles I. to Dublin Company in 1637 564 Its provisions in extenso ... 5^5-74 Misconceptions hitherto prevailing with regard to Dublin hall-marks and the rotation of date-letters ... ... 582 Distinguishing features of the various cycles of date-letters explained in detail 587-98 Gold wares, how marked ... ... 603 209 Index 725 DU— DW PAGE Dublin {con.) — Date-letter, adopted in 1638, made statutory by the Irish Parliament in 1729 5S3 Much Dublin plate of the i8th cen- tury not marked with a date-letter 582 Records of the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company ... ... ... Marks used by Dublin goldsmiths from 1605-6 described ... ... 581-604 Names of Dublin goldsmiths from 1200 to 1630 625 Masters and Wardens of the Company from 1637 to 1904-5 626-33 Assay Masters from 1638 to 1905 ... 633 Clerks to the Company from 1693 to 1892 634 Freemen of the Company from 1637 to 1847. 634-40 Enrolment of apprentices to Dublin goldsmiths from 1632 to 1823 641-55 List of quarter brothers and journey- men from 1661 to 1738, and from 1744 to 1775 656-61 Names of goldsmiths registered in the Company's books in 1784 and follow- ing years ... ... ... 662-5 Additional goldsmiths' names from old Dublin Directories from 1760 to 1808 665-6 List of goldsmiths for whom plate was assayed in Dublin from 1638 to 1811 667-71 Entries in the Company's books referr- ing to assays and touch-money 672-3 Names of provincial goldsmiths regis- tered in Dublin between 1784 and 1827 674-5 Tables of marks and date-letters on Dublin made plate ... ... 606-24 Scarcity of early Irish plate accounted for 563 duffnera) 618 tipperary/ DUN I 543 DEE r Dundee — Town mark ... ... ... 542-3 Marks used at, described 542 Names of goldsmiths of, from 1550 to 1834 541 Table of marks found on Dundee plate 543 DU\ 222 NH / Dutch and Flemish art, probable influence of, upon the early goldsmiths of Norwich ... ... ... 305'6 Duty marks — England and Scotland 72-3, 88-90, 494, 504-8 Ireland 582, 599-603, 6ii-i8 Duty on plate — England and Scotland ig-21, 24, 72-3, 491 Ireland 599-603 DV 474 83 DW 83, 118, 119, 123, 148, 176, 185, 190, 226 D & W 616 D enclosing W ... ... ... ... 443 134. 195 192, 201 DW— ED DW1 IF / DY DY (in monogram) PAGE 202 176 82 96,534 506,507 413 160, 164, 208 332,333 E E & Co E & Co. Ld EA Ssd 191 (ga 193. 196, 202 EA EA 208 Eagle (a London maker's mark) 80, 94, 95,98, 114 Eagle displayed (a Perth town mark) 553, 554 Eagle, double-headed, below the letters TS 81, 106, 109 Eagle's head between the letters IC 81, 98, gg EA IS 202, 203 Earliest known example of English plate with an alphabetical date-letter (Nettlecombe chalice) ... Table of marks used at Names of goldsmiths s^a, EL\ ■■■ ^2 S / 481 EM 87, 88, 130, 134, 140, 198, 223, 226, 391, PM / V 440, 614, 624 1^ monogram) 111,137,440 EM & Co. ... ... ... ... ^"■'^^ ■ 196 If ::: ;;; ;:; ;;; ^.4 EN (conjoined) j.^q E"^ "... i8o VA / 167 1^ 142. 199. 368, 502 85,174,179,186,501,615 ^ 616 ER 82, 108, 116, 120, 132, 186, 209, 210, 212, 216, 544, 622, 691 tK (m monogram) jqq ES 119, 120, 150, 198, 229, 410, 4ri, 414, PC CF r > 483, 608, 620, 716 or &t (in monogram) 8i 104 ®c§ '194 Escallop shell 81, 82, 94, 102, 104, 105, 106, ^ , ., "3. 116, 117, 119, 129, 469 Estoile 313^ ^78_ 80 See also Mullet and Star ESTON \' 33J ET 83, 125, 127, 128, 149, 195, 211, 213, 214, pw „ 409, 410, 623 "ff' no, ^' '74. 175, 180, 181, 183 "(^ ig7 o/.ir' ■■" '7*^' 395. 558 ^ 6og EW— FL Exeter — Town-marks Goldsmiths of, and their marks scribed Their names from 1327 to 1883 Tables of marks and date-letters Date-letter probably used in the : century Date-letter regularly used from j Assay office at, established in 1701 Assay office at, closed in 1883 } (an Exeter mark) EY EYI PAGE 193, 207 323-8 de- 322-30 343-5 331-42 ;6th ••■ 324-5 701 327 ... 326 ••■ 330 ■•• 333 85, 185 •■• 233 83, loi, 122, 151, 180, 182, 486, 701, 706 82, 119, 121 FA 84, 85, 135, 154, 155, i5g_ iQo^ jg2, 172, F & A ^78 p_ 432 162, 166, 169 Falcon (a London maker's mark) . . tot FALLER GALWAY ... ... 618 •L^'a/ ma tt/^/i. ... ... ... ^§3 ■f^S^jV (in monogram) ... ... 206 FB 80, 96, 139, 288, 394, 483, 548, 613, 624 362 207 89, 178, 23 FB » ND I F BROS FBrs FBs FC ... FC (in monogram) S^(t ... FD .5?'^ (i n monogram Jt=33 Fe FELCOX Fethard, co. Tipperary, marks found on a chalice at Fetterlock (a London maker's mark) FF ^ F& F FG FG (in monogram) FGARTHORNE FH 90, 229, 233, FHE (in monogram) Fi FIS Fish mark ,, above the letters TC .. „ „ TK tish, tree and bell (town mark ol Glas gow) STf^ F & JS FK F &. K 2^'^ 87, igo, 197, 206 PL •■■ 84, 126, 130, 160, 161, 164 Fleece, the golden (town mark of Leeds) 455 549 428 617 131, 135, 201, 210, 211, 410, 620 121 197 121 558 84, 145 88, 8g, 230 85. 174. 175 467 ... 714 79. 92 144, 229 528 136, 138, 179, 558, 6og 100, 114 •■■ , 151 »4. 504. 505, 617 141 ... 612 157 514 92, 93, 315. 540 138 149 516 ... 622 ... 528 igo, 201 ... 612 79. Index 727 FL— GA PAGE Fleur-de-lis yg, 80, 81, 93, g6, gy, 98, 99, 104, 105, 441, 443, 480 ,, and leopard's head crowned, both dimidiated and con- joined (the early York mark) ... ... ... 278 ,, and rote crowned (the later York mark) ... ... 281 Flower niaik 79, 82, 93, 116, 133, 315, 316 3i«. 331. 332, 478 See also Rose, Campanula, Quatre- foil, Cinquefoil. FM 616 mI "5 F&M 549 363 FN 139, 188, 192, 529 (in monogram) ... 181, 206 FO 84, 159, 163, 172, 334 FO (in monogram) ... ... ... 144 J® ^ 161 Footprint (a London maker's mark) 79, 93 Foreign plate imported into the United Kingdom, assaying and hall-marking of 24-6 Forgery of hall-marks on plate 22-3 FOSTER H 717 F'ox (a maker's mark) ... ... 81, 103 FP 128, 186 190 FR 152, 163, 183, 334, 342, 624 FR (in monogram) ... ... ... 100 5h 361 Ji- 85, 158, 168, 183 Frauds ... 15, ig, 20-1, 23, 42-4, 579-80 Fruit slipped 82, m FS 83, no, 135, 136, 138, 186, 195, 211, 217, 368, 697 FS (in monogram) ... ...  ... 81, 100 FV 334 204 FW ... ... 125, 129, 131, 140, 202, 611 ^[ ^85 FW (in monogram) ... 82,111,112 F & W 409 ij/f WJ^Sf 200 G ... no, 132 GA 84, 89, 90, 137, 152, 153, 154, 158, 163, 210, 231, 23-', 538, 615 £co.} 425.426,432 "SM 624 Ga 151 Galleon, or ship in full sail (a Cork mark) 6go G ALLEY 623 Galway — Town mark ... ... ... ... 702 Table of marks 705 GA GI PAGE Galway [con.) — Names of goldsmiths ... ... 706 Marks on rings used in the Claddagh district of Galway ... ... ... 706 Garbs, three, between a sword erect, or dimidiated, with three lions passant (town mark of Chester) 383, 387, 718 GARDE 697 GARDNER 616 Gate mark 79, 93, 534, 537 Gate below the letters BY 116 Gateshead, marks used at ... 454 GB 85, 126, 173, 174, 181, 187, 190, 197, 200, 220, 221, 362, 472, 506, 535, 545, 621, 691, 717 G & B 623 191, 362, 614 r>?«3 362  533, 621, 712 GC 8c Go 426 ''^"^ 200 ^ 'iS (duplicated in reverse) ... 141 GCL 394 GD 120, 125, 127, 529 GD & Co 529 GE 188, 540 i%  93 Geneva, New (co. Waterford), marks pre- scribed for use at ... ... ... 715 GER 528 GE & S 507 GF 90, 148, 2n, 232, 338, 339, 485, 502, 505, 624, 712 GF, a swan below ... ... ... ... 484 GFG 709 GFH 90 GFP 89,231 GFW 395 GG 83, 91, 118, 134, 142, 148, 182, 218, 220, 234. 290, 367, 481, 557. 606 GG Sc Co 432 GH 87, 183, 185, 188, 189, igg, 202, 308, 210, 430, 432, 472, 612, 692 622 Gh (in monogram) ... ... ... 498 GH "HO 315, 217, 218 GI 84, 85, 89, 152, 157, 159, 165, 170, 171, 174, 184, 188, 232, 529 G enclosing I ... ... ... ... 163 '^J 195, 208 Ci 153 Gi 160, 171, 388 (§t 153 GIBSON 624,696,697 728 Index GI— GO Gl \ Giles, Saint, figure of (an Elgin mark) G|S G I GJ ^.J G.JEFFREY GK PAGE 514 544 120 475 506, 528, 535 195 528 ... 22g GK (in monogram) 285, 286, 498 ^ & ^€ 503 GL 171, 231, 368, 392, 393, 395, 482, 507, 529, 620 g^J2^ 368 Glasgow — Town  in 1819 ... ... ...  150, 184, 200, 289, 339, 365. 472, 484. 485. 528, 623, 709, 716 '■^^// ... ... ... 196, 201, 207 G Mcp 528 GMH (the last two letters conjoined) ... 505 HD / 90. 233 G&MLC 557 GN 146, 181, 216, 623 ^..r 192 SSI 395 GO 156. 157. 158. 164, 167, 176, 177, 187, 387 Goat's head (the Gateshead mark) ... 454 Goble, Robert, a celebrated Cork goldsmith of the 17th century 682 Gold and silver — Where found ... 3 Natural properties of 3 Alloy, nature and proportion of, 4, 28 Assay of, 32-7 Computation of weights ... ... 5 6 Marks found on wrought gold assayed in England 76 Scotland ... ... ... ... Goldsmiths in Ireland, early mention of, 2, 559 Goldsmiths' Company of Dublin. See Dublin. Goldsmiths, Irish provincial 677 See also Cork, Youghal, Galway, Limerick, Belfast, Kinsale, New Geneva, and pp, 674-6. Goldsmiths in Scotland, early mention of, 2, 487 Goldsmiths' Company of Edinburgh. See Edinburgh. Goldsmiths' Company of Glasgow. See Glasgow. Goldsmiths' Scottish provincial, of the minor guilds ... ... ... 530-56 Goose in dotted circle ... ... 84,138 Goutees, three (a London maker's mark) log GP 228 G & PW 622, 624 GR 153. 157. 158, 162, 163, 164, 165, 175, 183, igo, 196, 217, 394, 395, 499, 533, 624, 706 GR, a mermaid and star above ... ... 555 GR (conjoined) 479, 480, 498 G enclosing R ... ... ... ... 167 ©r 159, 167, 168 Grapes, bunch of 80, 81,94, ^oo, loi, 102, 462 Grasshopper above the letters IM ... 184 below the letters WC GRAY GRAYS EBf Greenock — Town marks No incorporation of goldsmiths at GS 83, 107, 120, 126, 127, 135, 144, 145, 146, 174, 178, 184, 186, 210, 211, 212, 221, 223, 227, 486, 5( o, 535, 620 529 ... 103 ... 507 ... 624 90, 232 ••• 545 545 G &S GSB ... G & SCo GS FC GS SS GS 1 TH / GS 1 wf/ '■' GT ... GT I ttt/ GU ... Guild of Ld 88, 193, 218 ... 529 ... 91 . . . 202 ... 201 221, 22^ 134,338,414,486,529,623 342 ... 168, i;6, 410, 411 All Saints (the Goldsmiths' Company of Dublin). List of Masters and Wardens from 1637-8 ... ... 626 Index GWS GW I WM / GY GZ GV— HE PAGE GV 128, 130, 485 GW 85, 8S, 89, 132, 134, 182, 189, 225, 228, 365, 390, 391, 392, 394. 410, 433, 529, 533. 613, 615, 6-^^3 G&W ,..^529 G enclosing W 180 ^ 89, 230 194 528 624 . 175, 198, igg, 500 514 ^ o -^^S. 477. 478, 554. 716 H St Co 414, 473, 508, 548 H &.CO. Ltd , 91, 235 ^ ^ 133. 47^ or 0^6%*' ^linked) ... 476,503 h 80, 97 HA 85, 155, 157, 160, 162, 169, 171, 182, 319, 392,  HAMILTON 507 Hammer grasped by a hand 80, 81, 95, 100, 102, 104 HAMY RS (in separate stamps) ... 614 Hanap (a maker's mark) ... ... 80,95 Hand mark 79, 80, 93, 95, 96, 712 „ grasping a branch 81, gg „ grasping a cross 81, 98, loi „ grasping a dagger 534 „ grasping a hammer 80, Si, 95, 100, 102, 104 ,, grasping a ragged staff ... 80, g4 Harp-crowned and erased, mark for wrought gold at New Geneva {co. Waieyfoid) ... ... ... ... 715 Harp-crowned, Sovereign's  ... 135 Hart trippant (a Cork maker's mark) ... 7og Hawthorn, spray of 476 HB no. III, 149, 190, 195, 200, 368, 501 HB (conjoined) 81, loi, 102, 107, 113, 114, 117, iig, 121, 122, 125, 129, 440, 480, 690 88, 206, 216, 217, 220 W3 191 HC 80, 81, 88, 95, 102, 138, 148, 174, 203, 220, 221, 528, 716 HC (in monogram) 150, 475 ^k""} 223 HD ..... (conjoined) HE H&E 364 HE & Co 427, 428 HE (cj)njoined) 134,140 ... 342 ... 179 ... Ill 80, 95 82, 108, 177, 522, 529 203 610 133, 155. 485 He Head, couped, below the letters NR „ erased HE— HP PAGE Head, human (an Irish mark) ... ... 716 Heart mark 79, 80, 92, 94, loi, 472, 484, 691 ,, crowned (a Banff mark) ... ... 540 ,, over two clubs, in saltire ... ... io5 ,, pierced by a dagger ... ... ... 475 ,, above the letters GG 481 ,, below the letters RM 82 ,, below the letters RS 82 Hearts, four concentred ... ... 479,480 six 475 eight, within a ring of pellets ... 478 Helmet, or bassinet ... ... 102, in, 112 HERMAN 331, 332 w^} 90, 233 HEYLAND 696, 697 HF 394, 6x5, 616 H&F 413,615 H FOSTER 717 HG 85, 84, 88, 124, 129, 145, 174, 216, 219, 220, 395, 502, 503 HH 89, 145, 187, 188, 189, 231, 408, 428, 483, 617 H & H 427, 617, 623 HH&Co 412 HH (conjoined) 136, igg, 331 hU 214 ig2, ig8 HI 109, 163, 167, 171 H &. I 507, 508, 529 HI or IH (in monogram) 123, 126, 129, 476, 480 J" ... 529 giji 168 Hibernia, figure of, Dublin duty mark, adopted in 1730 i, but now regarded as the town mark pertaining to the Dublin Goldsmiths' Company  341, 528, 555, 623, 624 H & L 528 HL (conjoined) ... 106, 121, 475, 498 HLS 617 HM 118, 174, 203, 412, 522, 6og, 623, 624 H & M 528 HM  linked, see NH. Sh"} -6 HO 85, 153, 167, 168, 169, 173, 175, 183, 622 HO (in monogram) ... ... ... 152, 165 Ho ... 152, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172, 361, 388 Sijo 157 Holly leaf, incuse.  100 Horseshoe mark ... ... ... 79.92 HORWOOD (an Exeter maker's mark) ... 331 Hound. (See also Talbot) 83, 123 HOWELL 528 HP ... 149, 179, 191, 198, 2x8, 292, 462, 502 730 Index I02, i2g PAGE ... 292 ... 293 332, 476 ... 147 178, 189 ... 147 143. 102, 556, 557 HP— IC H & P HP \ & CO. / HP (conjoined) HP (in monogram) ... 3rS/'> (in monogram) .. HR HR (conjoined) HS 112, 113, ii6, 117, 179, 215, 394, 429, '483', 620 HS (in monogram) ... ... ... ... 102 HSM 696 HSP o„ HSP> LD. ( 235 ^ 144, 395, 529  I TL / 425 HU ... !S5, 170, 179 Huguenots and other Continental gold- smiths— - Settle in DubHn ... ... ... 625 And in Cork ... ... 6S1 Hull- Town mark 438, 440 Goldsmiths of ... ... ... 438-9 Table of marks used at ... ... 440 Names of goldsmiths from 1427 to 17,4 439 HV 87, 149, 15S, 160, 188, 219 (conjoined) 162 HW 81, 90, 97, 98, 99, 104, 105, 126, 232, 395, 414, 430, 482, 622 w r 4dd HW & Co HW Ld HX HyA ... 427 ... 413 ... 717 393. 394 I I in a crescent, or C enclosing I 1 in a dotted circle ... J ^ or ^ lA 82, 83, 108, 109, 114, 169, 200, 209, 210, 213, 470 82, no lAC .. lA I MF / lA & S 118, 123, 131, 469, 472, 484, 540, 623 (in monogram) IB 82, 83, 85, 107, 124, 130, 135, 137, 176, 178, 179, 188, 223, 229, 335, 362, 432, 440, 477, 483, 108, 138, 190, 363, 520, IBBOT IB ) EB f I BELL IBO IBg|. IC 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87^ 114, 115, 124, 126, 130, 109, 119, 120, 141, 144, 151, 197, 201, 208, 364, 368, 391, 535. 548. 557. 615, 622, 624 89. 95. 98, 99. 133. 136, 139. 474 , III 477 149 126 137. 502, . 693 140 .. 209 87, 189 ■• 391 122 173.' 212, 410, 614, 709 206 221 206 223 91 105, 144. IC (con.) IC— IH PAGE 147. 174. 176, 177. 181, 185, 189, 192, 195, 202, 213, 220, 225, 226, 229, 290, 362, 364, 368, 432, 440, 460, 480, 482, 484, 498, 501, 520, 554, 557, 608, 609, 610, 612, 613, 614, 617, 620, 621, 624 C (m monogram) 115, 144, 148, 498, 499, 500 I intersecting C . . jgo ^■•g" ICF IC I. 