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^ - 1 II " ;i J If f.9 k ■^, 5 I 1? i^ ^ 1 5'S 11 J i is c§5 ll il 55 :-■ -~ v» H o ;S 4) I- © 00 l> :s "^ 00 •a Appendix B a s R 3 ^1 > H- 58 £-2 ^S Jp.g Index Index V Aargau page Results of referendum in 166, 311 Results of initiative in 800,311 AdvertiseiMrU This an age of 57-59 Arizona Referendum Adoption of 174 Results of 368 Initiative, results of 805, 368 Arkanaaa Referendum Adoption of ^ 174 Results of 176, 370 Initiative, results of 805, 370 Athens Use of the lot in 47, 845 Lack of experts in public life 864 Bagehot, Walter 806, 807 BtisU,CUy Results of referendum in 315 Bn^, Rural Results of referendum in 167, 185, 186, 318 Results of initiative in 800, 318 B^iotrf, Charles 181 Bern Results of referendum in 165,185,186,388 Results of initiative in 800, 803, 388 Boston * Local referendum in 196-197 Boss, the Natural history of 103 A broker in private privileges 105 Index -, „f Ilia iKiwer 136. IS7-IS8 lis 7. S5,»7, 71, 10*. 1« iv,-. r^iiltsirf 806. m iiiarloMs iu England 901 •mliim VsiilH.if 183. 181. 189. 190. 37i Index 403 Creeds page How far opinions 16 Cridge, AUred D «11 Cro/y, Herbert 108 Democracy Slowly learned 88 Meaning of 57 Its fear of experts 270 Desire And opinion 26 Dieev,A.y 64 Dickinson, G. Lowes 42 Direct Primary. (See Primary, direct) Dissent Freedom to escpress 37 Dupriez, Leon 128 Eleetions How far they express opinion 25, 71 et seq., 01, 118 et seq., 187-180 Li Spain 118 Private influences in 187 England Theory of mandate 78 And United States 76 Difference in meaning of elections 76-70, 250 Solidarity of parUes .... 78-70, 02, lia-120, 125-128, 182, 180 Committees on private bills 248 Experts Growing use of in industrial life 40, 272 Lack of in Athens 264 Lack of in Rome under the Republic 265 Their use under the Empire 267 Li monarchies 268 Their absence in democracies 270 ' LiEnglish government 205, 207 Need of in public life 40-50, 262, 271 Little used in American public life 274,282 Uae of in German cities 281 Use of in English cities 281-282 The municipal program 288 Relation of commission government to %^ FactM Knowlodf^ of As basis of opinion .... Difficulty in ascertaining .. Klxamples Farrand, Max Force As a basis of government.. Ford, Henry J Freedom To express dissent To organize In religion Freeman, E. A Frontier Its effect on public life in Ame Galveston Plan of commission govemmen Geneva Results of referendum in . .. Results of initiative in .... Goodnow, F. J Griaona Index 405 Harmony (cootiniied) page OfinterwU 88-30 Doctrine ol BS-SO Hart. A. B IM H<«fl<m. J«m«. W 47. MS HwioVeW. Otto 488 Holman, Frederick V SIS, MQ HoUt. H. von 72 Homagaieily Kssputijil for puUic opinioD H-36 Htnubm PUn o( commis^oo govenunent 886 Hufhet, Governor Hia bill for direct primaries ISO Referendum, adoption of 174 laitiative Ita nature IW. IBS In SwitierUnd Reniltj in the Swist CootedeimtioD 1B9, SOS In Aargau BOO, 311 In Bern «M, SOS, SIN In Geneva !01, BOt, 928 In Grisoni 200. 330 In tuc«fne 200, S33 In Rurd Baile iOO, 318 In Schaffluiuen SOO. 390 In Schwy* 201. 338 In Solothum 200. 341 In SL G«U 201. 334 In Thurgau 800. S47 In Vaiaia 200. SM In V«ud 18a. M3 InZurich 200,SiS Rcflultiii Arkuuu 20S, 376 CiJifonm «a.Sl\ cMuui uakota. Utah Laws enacted Proposals rejected . .. Complex measures propot How far an expression of Evidence from stability Defects of Ib it public or private Class of measuKfl suited f Not a panacea Intemity Of opinion Its effect IrrtconeUabUi And public opinion. And race feeling Cause of Janiisaries Johfuon, L. J Jury A sample of the public. Safeguards siurounding it Special juries Index 407 LtfiBlaiures (continued) page Defects exaggerated 199, 141 Remedies in United States negative 144-146 Excessive restrictions in United States 145, 146 Leupp, Francis E. 892 Lewis, Sir G. C 17, 50, 96, 296 Lobbying Different kinds of 185-136 Lod(fe,K.C 151 Log-rolling 164 Lot Use of in Athens 47,245 Use of in Venice 245 Lowdl, Francis C 104, 119 Lucerne Results of referendum in 168, 883 Results of initiative in 200, 888 Macdonald, J. R 158, 298 MaeGregor, Ford C 285, 286, 287 Machine, the Its causes , 140 (See also. Politicians and Parties and Boss) Maine Referendum Adoption of 174 Results of 182-188, 189, 376 Initiative, results in 204, 376 Maine, Sir H. S 3, 62, 65, 73 Maiaand,¥,yf 221 Majority Not enough for public opinion 4-7 Basis of their right to rule 9 Arti6cial nature of 61, 68 Mandate Theory of in England 73 Maeeaehtuetta Results of constitutional referendum 171, 187-188 The Luce Law 226 Public hearings 250 Its benefits 252 Meane, D. McG \^ Index 409 opinion (continued) paob Otherwise must be baaed on facts 22 Opinion and desire 26 (See also Public Opinion) Oregon Referendum Adoption of 174 Use of emergency clause 176 Results 17a-179, 182, 189, 190, 227, 884 State pamphlet of measures 191-192 Meet on legislation 229 Initiative Adoption of 203, 204 Results in 206, 207-217, 884 Organisation Its political effect . . . .* 89-40 Distorts public opinion 86etseq. Ostragorski, M 104 Parties Causes of 64 et seq., 101 Organs for formulating opinions 66-67 Frame the issues 69 Confuse the issues 71, 75 Greater solidarity in England than in United States . . 76-79, 92 Multiplicity in continental Europe 79 Their nature 80 Slow changes 81 Causes of 81 Their effect 82-84 Cause a bias 86 Cause false lines of division 88-90 Distort public opinion 92 Influence of extreme elements 93, 95 Influence of moderate elements 93 Prevent popular vagaries 96 An obstacle to despotism 97 Unscientific criticism 99-101 Legislation by 102 Argument for 144 Dealing with private interests 128 ■ ^^H 1 Index nlinurd) PlOt ^^^^^B nil ipal govmuiKDt ST ^^^^^^B nUooi. m United SUhs at Br* pa|inl«r. 1« I (See mbo PolitkiHia ud Bob) i(-n(« undertake too mndl . iOM05-iio.*eo ^^^^H f ,,rivale privilege M ^^^^^1 ^^H ilfre^ ^^^^^1 ^^^^H >( 151 ^^H ijliind H8 ^^^1 Itt-144 ^^^^^1 ^^^1 ,-.■ ..f in Miuwhuaett. 250 1 Index 411 PMic Opinion (continued) page Conditions essential for 88 et seq. Not necessarily rational 29 How far must be based on fact 46 Knowledge of facts difficult 47etseq. Examples 50 Limitation of in religion 41, 42 In other matters 42, 44 Uncertainty in predicting 53 Distortion by parties 86 et seq., 02 Methods of expressing 118 et seq. By dections 25, 71 et seq., 91 Direct expression 152 et seq. By the referendum 159 et seq., 181 et seq., 190 By the initiative 209 et seq., 224-226 Evidence from stability 216 Evils from failure to perceive its limits 142-144 Why given effect 239 Opinion by sample 242 Need of impartiality 136 (See Opinion, Representatioo) Race Feeling 31, 35 Recall, the 147 R^erendum Compulsory and optional 164 Reasons for 155 Distrust of legislature 155 Separation of issues 157 Criticisms of 156 In En^and 157, 158 How far an expression of public opinion 159 et seq., 181 et seq., 190, 224-226 Its effect negative 162 Results in Switzerland not radical 168 In the Confederation 165, 306 In Aargau 166, 186, 311 In Bern 165, 185, 186, 322 In Geneva 167, 185. 186. 328 In Grisons 167. 330 In Lucerne \^,^^ Index 413 Rrferendum (continued) page Class of measures suited for 231 Not a panacea 233 Reitueh, Paul 156, 249, 254, 255 RepreseJitaHon Of the nation and of constituencies 115-117 In England , . . . . 117-120, 125 In the United SUtes 117-120,125 bfinteresU 121 Theories of delegation and personal judgment 124-128 Former faith in representation 129 Recent distrust of ISO Three kinds of 240 Often combined 256 By sample 242 The jury 242 RoUtion in office 243 Use of the lot 244 Selected samples 246 Use of in public affairs 247 Private bill committees in England 248 Public hearings in America 249 Practice of in Massachusetts 250 Practice of in other states 254 Difficulty of selecting officers 258 (See also Legislatures) Rohmer, Friedrich 65 RowiB Lack of experts under the Republic 265 Their rise under the Empire 267 Rotation in Office Its object 106, 243 Rousseau, J. J 8. 28, 87 /{yon. Chief Justice 261 St.GaU Results of referendum in 167, 186, 334 Results of initiative in 201, 334 Sample Public opinion by 242 (See Representation) «-«eof. SUotAurn Adoption of ""f •live, wsult, -, • '«* evil, in America '^-PoUing. ^England. . ' " • ^VBte hill »^ ^'^Confederation ' ««"»*• of Me«ad«n in ««""» of initiative in ' * • • •. 5*"^. Gabriel Thurgau ^«uJts of r«/. Index 415 United Stales pagb And Ellwand D]£Ference in meaning of dections 76-79, 259 Differences of opinion within ita parties 80, 118-120, 125-128, 182, 140 (See also Parties, Special Legislation, Referendum, Initiative^ Experts, etc) ITRen, W. S 229 Utah Referendum not in effect 808 Votes in Constitutional Amendments 898 Valais Results of referendum in 167, 185, 186, 850 Results of initiative in 200, 850 Vaud Results of referendum in 168, 185, 353 Results of initiative in 358 Von HoUt, H. (See Hoist, H. von.) WaUae,GT9ham 43 Washington Referendum, adoption of 174 Wendell, Burett 32 Zurich Results of referendum in 185, 186, 353 Fines for not voting 191 Results of initiative in 200, 358 r —^-^-w^^^ *i. 