None
0-9081=1 0*11351= 1 0*8810= 1 1 =0-35239 1 =0*87078 1 =1-1012 0*22702= 2 1 = 1*1351 2 =0-70479 1*14840=1 1-8162=2 0*34053= 3 1-7620= 2 2-83774=1 2 =1*74156 2 =2-2025 0*45404= 4 2 = 2-2702 3 =1*05718 2*29680=2 2-7242 = 3 0*56755= 5 2-6429= 3 4 =1-40957 3 =2*61233 3 =3*3037 0*68106= 6 3 = 3-4053 5 =1*76196 3-44519=3 3*6323=4 0*79457= 7 3-5239= 4 5*67548=2 4 =3*48311 4 =4*4049 0*90808= 8 4 = 4-5404 6 =2*11436 4*59359=4 4-5404 = 5 1 = 8*80982 4-4049= 5 7 =2-46675 5 =4-35389 5 =5-5061 5 = 5-6755 5*4485 = 6 5-2859= 6 6 =6-6074 1*02157= 9 6 = 6-8106 8 =2-81914 5-74199=5 6-3565=7 7 =7-7086 7-2646=8 2 =17-61964 3 =26*42946 4 =35-23928 6-1669= 7 7 = 7-9457 7-0479= 8 8-51323=3 9 =3-17154 11-35097=4 6 =5-22467 6-89039=6 7 =6-09545 8 =8-8098 5 =44-04910 7*9288= 9 14-18871=5 8 =6-96622 8-1727=9 6 =52*85892 8 = 9*0808 17*02645=6 8-03879=7 9 =9-9110 7 =61*66874 9 =10-2159 19-86420=7 9 =7-83700 8 =70*47856 22*70194=8 9-18719=8 9 =79-28838 25*53968=9 10-33558=9 288 EVOLUTION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES MEASUEES OF MASS. EQUIVALENTS FROM 1 TO 10. Grains. Grams. Avoir- dupois Grams. Ounces. oS, a™-- Avoir- TZ-., £2± <£-• Troy Kilo- Pounds, grams. 1 =0-06480 0-03527= 1 0-03215= 1 1 =0-45359 1 =0-37324 2 =0-12960 0-07055= 2 0-06430= 2 2 =0-90718 2 =0-74648 3 =0-19440 0-10582= 3 0-09645= 3 2-20462=1 2-67923 = 1 4 =0-25920 0-14110= 4 0-12860= 4 3 =1-36078 3 =1-11973 5 =0-32399 0-17637= 5 0-16075= 5 4 =1-81437 4 =1-49297 6 =0-38879 0-21164= 6 0-19290= 6 4-40924=2 5 =1-86621 7 =0-45359 0-24692= 7 0-22506= 7 5 =2-26796 5-35846 = 2 8 =0-51839 0-28219= 8 0-25721= 8 6 =2-72155 6 =2-23945 9 =0-58319 0-31747= 9 0-28936= 9 6-61387=3 7 =2-61269 15-4324=1 1 = 28-3495 1 = 31-10348 7 =3-17515 8 =2-98593 30-8647=2 2 = 56-6991 2 = 62-20696 8 =3-62874 8-03769=3 46-2971=3 3 = 85-0486 3 = 93-31044 8-81849=4 9 =3-35918 61-7294=4 4 =113-3981 4 =124-41392 9 =4-08233 10-71691=4 77-1618=5 5 =141-7476 5 =155-51740 11-02311=5 13-39614=5 92-5941=6 6 =170-0972 6 =186-62088 13-22773=6 16-07537=6 108-0265=7 7 =198-4467 7 =217-72437 15-43236=7 18-75460=7 123-4589=8 8 =226-7962 8 =248-82785 17-63698=8 21-43383=8 138-8912=9 9 =255-1457 9 =279-93133 19-84160=9 24-11306 = 9 APOTHECARIES' AND METRIC WEIGHT 289 II •i o o Ji £ 8 il ?3 gs O C* IC9 IS 53 t- 2 = 1 2 3 CN 5» Pli SI I i (N C* 1 i g? • Ico 00 O il i 290 EVOLUTION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES TABLE GIVING DENSITY (SPECIFIC GRAVITY), MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINT MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS AND SOLIDS. Density. Melting Point. Centigrade. Boiling  German silver - 8-5 1000 Glass, common - ,, plate, crown - „ flint, light - ... ,, ,, heavy - 2-50—2-70 2-45—2-72 3-15—3-4 3-6-3-9 } 800 to | 1400 Gold 19-2—19-3 1065 Granite 2-5—2-9 Graphite 1-8—2-24 Gutta percha - 0-96—0-98 Gypsum 2-32 Ice 0-9167 0 100 Iron, cast 7-1—7-7 1200—1400 ,, wrought .... 7-8 ,, wire .... 7-7 ,, cast steel 7'8 1300—1400 Ivory 1-9 Lard ..... 0-93 41—42 Lead 11-3 325—327 1450—1600 Lime, burned - ... 2-3-3-2 Magnesium .... 1-7 630 About 1100 Manganese .... 7-4 1900? Manganin - 8-4 Marble 2-65-2-8 Mica 2-65—2-93 Nickel 8-8-8-9 1450—1600 Paraffin 0-87 38—56 350—430 Platinum 21-4—21-5 1800 Porcelain 2-2—2-5 Potassium 0-87 62 687—731 Quartz ..... 2-65 2000 Rubber, unvulcanised 0-92-0-95 ,, hard .... 1-2 MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS AND SOLIDS 291 MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS AND SOLIDS— Continued. Density. Melting Point. Centigrade. Boiling Point. Centigrade. Sandstone 2-2—2-5 Serpentine .... 2-4-2-7 Silver 10-5 960 Slate- ..... 2-6-27 Sodium 0-98 95-6—97-6 740 Spermaceti .... 0-88—0-94 44 Sulphur 2-07 114 448 Tallow, beef - 0-97 43 ,, mutton 0-92 47—50 Tin 7-3 227—232 1450—1600 Wax, Japanese 0-99 54 , white .... 0-96—0-97 63 , yellow .... 0-96-0-97 62 Wood, beech - - - • ' 0-85 box - ... 1-33 elm .... 0-80 oak - 0-7—0-8 poplar --.. 0-40 yellow pine - 0-66 Zinc 7'15 412^20 930—950 LIQUIDS. Acid, hydrochloric - 1-24 ,, nitric .... 1-42 ,, sulphuric 1-84 Alcohol, ethyl - 0-7911 -130 78-3 ,, methyl, wood o-so 66 Amyl acetate - 0-90 140 Aniline, oil 1-02 185 Benzol, 0-881 5 80-3 Carbon disulphide - 1-265 -113 46 Chloroform - - 1-53 -70 61-2 Ether, sulphuric - - - 0-717 -118 34-9 Glycerine - 1-24—1-26 -20 290 Mercury 13-596 -38-8 357 Oil, linseed ... 0-93 ,, olive - 0-91 Petroleum, crude - - - 1-75—1-84 ,, refined - -. 0-84 ,, rhigolene 0-65—0-66 40—70 ,, gasolene - 0-66—0-69 70-90 ,, benzene - 0-69 -0-70 90—110 Phenol, carbolic acid 1-08 40 180 Turpentine, oil - 0-87 GASES. Air 0-001293 -200 Carbonic acid - 4 - - 1865 -57? - 78 to - 80 Hydrogen - - - Nitrogen 0901 1251 -250 -203 to -214 -256 -194 Oxygen 1429 - 181 to - 184 Water vapor .... 0804 0 100 292 EVOLUTION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES THERMOMETER SCALES. CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT EQUIVALENTS. For Absolute Temperatures add 273° to Centigrade Scale. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Remarks. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Remarks. -273 -549-4 ' ' Absolute zero. " -6-1 21 ' -250 -418 Hydrogen boils. -6 21-2 -200 -190 -328 -310 Temp, liquid air. Nitrogen boils. -5-6 -5 22 23 -180 -292 Oxygen boils. -4-4 24 -170 -274 -4 24-8 -160 -256 -3'9 25 -150 -238 - 3-3 26 -140 -220 -3 26-6 -130 -202 Alcohol freezes. -2-8 27 -120 -184 -2-2 28 -110 -166 -2 28-4 -100 -148 -1-7 29 -80 -112 Carbonic acid gas -1-1 30 -60 -76 boils. -1 30-2 -40 -40 Mercury melts. -0-6 31 -30 -22 Ammonia boils. 0 32 Water freezes. -25 -13 0-6 33 -20 -4 1 33-8 -19 -2-2 1-1 34 -18 -0-4 1-7 35 -17-8 0 2 35-6 -17-2 1 2-2 36 -17 1-4 2-8 37 -16-7 2 3 37-4 -16-1 3 3-3 38 -16 3-2 3-9 39 -15-6 4 4 39-2 Maximum density -15 5 4-4 40 of water. -14-4 6 5 41 -14 6-8 5-6 42 -13'9 7 6 42-8 - 13-3 8 6-1 43 -13 8-6 6-7 44 -12-8 9 7 44-6 -12-2 10 7-2 45 -12 10-4 7-8 46 -11-7 11 8 46-4 -11-1 12 8-4 47 -11 12-2 8-9 48 -10-6 13 9 48-2 -10 14 9-5 49 -9-4 15 10 50 - 9 15-8 10-6 51 -8-9 16 11 51-8 -8-3 17 11-2 52 -8 17-6 11-7 53 -7'8 18 12 53-6 -7-2 19 12-3 54 -7 19-4 12-8 55 -6-7 20 13 55-4 THERMOMETER SCALES 293 THERMOMETER SCALES. CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT EQUIVALENTS. For Absolute Temperatures add 273° to Centigrade Scale. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Remarks. Centigrade. Fahrenheit. Remarks. 13-3 56 33 91-4 13-9 57 33-3 92 14 57-2 33-9 93 14-4 58 34 93-2 15 59 34-4 94 Ether boils. 15-6 60 35 95 16 60-8 35-6 96 16-1 61 36 96-8 16-7 62 36-1 97 17 62-6 36-7 98 17-2 63 37 98-6 Human blood tem- 17-8 64 37-2 99 perature. 18 64-4 37-8 100 18-3 65 38 100-6 18-9 66 38-3 101 19 66-2 38-9 102 19-4 67 39 102-4 20 68 Proper room tem- 39-4 103 20-6 69 perature. 40 104 21 69-8 43-3 110 21-1 70 45 113 21-7 71 48-9 120 ;, 22 71-6 50 122 22-2 72 54-4 130 22-8 73 55 131 23 73-4 60 140 Chloroform boils, 62*. 23-3 74 65 149 Potassium melts, 62°. 23-9 75 65-6 150 Methyl alcohol bis. ,66*. 24 75-2 70 158 Woods alloy melts, 65°. 24-4 76 71-1 160 25 77 75 167 25-6 78 76-7 170 26 78-8 80 176 Ethyl alcohol boils, 79°. 26-1 79 82-2 180 26-7 80 85 185 27 80-6 87-8 190 27-2 81 90 194 27-8 82 93-3 200 28 82-4 95 203 Sodium melts, 96°. 28-3 83 98-9 210 28-9 84 99 210-2 29 84-2 99-4 211 29-4 85 100 212 Water boils, under 30 86 125 257 76 cm. pressure. 30-6 87 150 302 31 87-8 Critical tempera- 175 347 31-1 88 ture of carbonic 200 392 Solder melts, 183°. 31-7 89 acid. 250 482 Tin melts, 227°. 32 89-6 300 725 Lead melts, 335°. 32-2 90 350 662 Mercury boils, 32-8 91 400 752 357° '3. 294 EVOLUTION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES MISCELLANEOUS CONSTANTS AND EQUIVALENTS. 7r = 3-1416. 7r2 = 9-8696. l/7r = 0-31831. 47r= 12-566. l/47r = 0-07958. logir = -49715. log 7r2=- 99430. log l/ir=f '50285. log 4T= 1-09921. logl/47r=2-90079. Base of the natural system of logarithms, e = 2'7183, loge = -43429 (Briggs). Modulus ,, „ „ M = I/log e = 2-3026, log M= -36222 (Briggs). Radian = angle where the arc equals the radius = 57° '2958 = 3437' '75 = 206265". log radian (in degrees) = 1 '75812, (in minutes) = 3 '53628, (in seconds) = 5 -31443. Steradian = the solid angle at the center of a sphere of unit radius which is sub- tended by the unit area. Total angle at a point equals 4?r steradians. Earth's radius in kilometers — equatorial = 6378 -2, polar = 6356 '5, mean = 6367 '4, log equatorial = 3 -80469, log polar = 3 '80321, log mean = 3 '80396. Mean solar year = 365 -2422 days = 8765 '8 13 hours = 525948 '8 min. =31556928 sec. Stellar day is 3 min. 55 '9 sec. shorter than the mean solar day, =0 "99727 day. Velocity of sound in dry air at 0°C. is 331 meters per second. Coefficient of expansion of gases = 1/273= '003665. Acceleration of gravity at poles = 983 '2 ; at equator = 978 '0 ; at 45° = 980 '6 ; at New York = 980-2 ; at Greenwich = 981 '2 ; at 0° latitude = 978 (l+0'0052sm20). 1 gram of water 1°C. = minor calorie = 4 -2 x 107 ergs — 4 "2 joules. Latent heat of water = 80; of steam = 539. Specific heat of air at constant pressure = 0'237. Ratio of specific heats = 1 "40. Capillary constant of water = 7 '7, of alcohol = 2 '3, of mercury = 50 rng./mm. Velocity of light in vacuo = 3 x 1010 cm. /sec. Wave length of sodium light = 0*0005893 mm. Length of the meter in wave lengths of red cadmium light =1553163 '5. 1 ampere of current deposits 1-118 mgr. of silver per second = 0'1740c.c. (H. audO.). A plate of quartz 1 mm. thick at 18° C. rotates the plane of polarization 21° '71. Ohm = resistance of a column of mercury 1 sq. mm. cross-section, 106 "3 cm. long. E.M.F. of Latimer Clark cell at 18° is 1-434, of cadmium (Weston) cell at 4° is 1-0190. The solar constant = 3 gram-calories per sq. cm. per minute. The mass of the hydrogen atom is = 10-24 gram ; of the electron is = 10~27 gram. Value of e/m = 4'5 x 1017 electrostatic = 1 '5 x 107 electromagnetic. Velocity of the electrons — beta particles = 2'7 x 1010, alpha particles = 3 x 109. Probable speed of a molecule of oxygen at 0° C. =376 '6 m./sec., of hydrogen = 1500"9. Mean free path of a molecule of air at a pressure of 76 cm. and at 0° C. =9 "6 x 10~6. Number of molecules of air in a c.c. at 0° C. and 76 cm. =6 x 1019. One atmosphere pressure = 76 cm. of mercury = 1-0132 megadynes per sq. cm. A knot is a speed of one nautical mile per hour =1 '1515 statute miles or 1853'25 meters per hour. A miner's inch of water is from 1*20 to 1*76 cu. ft. per min. =0*708 liter per sec. Ratio of the probable error to the mean error is 0*6745 (2/3). Light year is the distance travelled by light in one year = 9 "467 x 1012 kilometers = 5 -8825 xlO12 miles. INDEX. PAGE Abbot. Gen. Henry L. - - 211 Abraham 4, 19 Absolute measurements - - 204 Absolute system - - - - 200 Academy of Sciences, Paris, 47, 48,  Peters- burg 71 Acts of Congress 119, 121, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 210 Actus 26 Adams, John Quincy 109, 115, 116, 117, 118 Aeginetan talent and mina - 27, 28 Airy, Sir G. B. - - - 100, 247 Ale gallon 35 Alexandrian talent - - 25, 32, 33 Alloys, Nickel steel - - - 221 Amenoetnopht - - -.  Amphora 28 Angle, Measurement of - - 202 Anglo-Saxon measures of length - 36 Angular acceleration - - - 202 Angular velocity - 202 Anti-Metric argument of American Society Mechanical Engineers 145-162 Apothecaries' pound 32 Ar 142 Arabs, Measures of - - 29, 38 Arago 100 Arbitrary units .... 5 Arbuthnot 10 Arc of Meridian, Measurement of 55 Archinne 94 Are - Argentine confederation Ark, Dimensions of Aroura Arpent PAGE - 54 - 76 - 11 20,23 - 45 Articles of confederation, Weights and measures in - - - 109 As, Roman unit of weight - - 26 Assize of bread and ale 32, 35, 242 Association geodesique - - 71 Assyrian documents, Measures in  -.- - 25 Aulne, Derivation of -. - 26 Aune des marchands 38 Aune of Paris - - - 38 Aune, Swiss 97 Australia and the metric system - 102 Austria adopts metric system - 90 Austria -Hungary signs metric treaty 75 Autun, Talleyrand, Bishop of - 46 Avoirdupois pound 33, 34, 35, 122, 123, 248 Babylonia, Measures of 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22 Bache, Professor A. D. 122, 123, 124  Bancroft, George - Barcelona Barker, Geo. F. Binary subdivision Bird standard - Bismer-pund Black cubit Elaine, James G. - 69, 219, 251 - 54, 99 40, 223 - 41 - - 179 - - 244 96 29 - - 159 Board of Trade British specifica- tions ..... 215 Board of Trade electrical  J. ..... 11 Brazil and metric treaty - - 75 Briggs, Ernest E. - - 187 Brighton railway, England - - 168 Brisson ..... 54 British Association committee on units .... 205, 207 British Association unit of resist- ance ..... 207 British engineers in Egypt - - 92 British imperial gallon - - 36 British imperial standards 245, 246, 247, 248, 249 British imperial standard yard - 246 British pharmacopoeia - 192, 197 British standards of length and weight - 245, 246, 247, 248, 249 British Weights and Measures Association - 163 Brix .-- - 69 Bronze standard No. 11 - - 247 Brumaire ..... 53 Brumer comparator - - - 234 Bunge balance - 238 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures established - - 76 Bureau of Standards, U.S. - 131, 132 Cadmium spectrum, Lines of - 261 Calendar, French reforms in 52, 53 Caliph-Al-Mamum 29 Calipers for standards of length 224, 229 Canaan, Civilization of - - 19 Capacity, Electrical - - 203, 209 Capacity, Measures of 5, 27, 28, 35, 144, 240 Carat 3, 25 Cassini - - - - 44, 49, 54 Cattle standard ... 3 Centesima 43 Centigram - - - 146, 147, 148 Centiliter 144 Centime 45 Centimeter 139 Centner 86 Centuria 43 C.G.S. or centimeter-gram-second- system - - 102, 199, 205, 206 C.G.S. electro-magnetic units - 207 Chambers of Agriculture favour metric system - - - 102 Chaney, H. J. - - 30, 37, 247 Chappuis, M. - - - 261 Charlemagne 37 Charlemagne, "Pile de" - - 39 Chase, Salmon P. ... 126 Chicago congress .... 208 Chisholm, H. W.  Geodetic Survey stand- ards -  - - 32, 40 Colonial Governors, British, favour metric system - - - 159 Commemorative medal for metric system - - - - 63, 64 Commercial pound (libra mercatoria) 33 Committee on coinage, weights and measures reports 73, 75, 87, 90, 91, 120, 121, 128, 130, 133 Committee of weights and measures and of moneys of Paris Ex- position of 1867 - - 85 Comparison of standards of length 229 Comparator of Borda - - - 230 Comparator of Lenoir - - - 230 Compensated  131, 132 Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers 69, 250, 251, 252 Conservatory, Meter of 73 INDEX 297 Continental Congress, legislation on weights and measures, - 109 Corinth, Units of weight in - - 27 Corn bushel 35 Corn gallon 35 Corps Legislatif receives standard meter and kilogram - - 63 Cotton values quoted decimally - 167 Coulomb 54 Coulomb, unit of quantity 203, 206, 207 Cross-wires .... 231, 234 Crypt chapel .... 30 Crystal standards - - - 236 Cubit - 6, 13, 14, 15, 20, 22, 26 Cunin-Gridaine 83 Currency, Decimal - - 85, 110 Curvature, Unit of 202 Dagobert 37 Daniell cell 205 Deben or uten 24 De Bonnay, Marquis 46 Decagrams .... 146, 148 Decaliter .... 144, 145 Decameter - 138, 139 Decigrams - - - 146, 148 Deciliter 144 Decima 43  Decimal system of Jefferson - 111 Decimal system of money pro- posed in France 45 Decimes 45 Decimeter - - 138, 139 Decistere  38 Denmark signs metric treaty - 76 De Pury, Charles A. - 168 De Sarzec, E. - 14 De Schubert, Gen. T. F. - - 69 Dessert-spoonful  27 Draughting room, Metric system in 181 Drusus, Foot of - Dunkirk - - Du Vernois, Prieur Earth inductor Edgar, Laws of - Edward I., Laws of Edward II.. Laws of - Edward III., Laws of - PAGE - 26 49, 56 - 44 - 204 - 30 - 34 36, 242 - 243 - 92 Egypt, metric measures Egyptian  Electrical measure, U.S. units of 131 Electromotive force - - - 204 Elephantis, Cubit of - - - 22 Elizabeth, Standards of 34, 36, 243 Ell 26, 36, 89 Elle 83 End standard (metre a bouts) - 74 End standards  - - - 98 English Bible, Weights and meas- ures in 20 English parliamentary accounts and papers 91 English yard 3, 31, 36, 243, 244, 245, 246 Ephah - 20 Eratosthenes 29 Erg 202, 206 Euboic talent 27 Everest, Col. George 69 Exchequer, Standards of - 34, 109 Exodus, Weights and measures at time of - - - 20 Export business and uniform measures .... 133 Ezekiel .... 20, 23 Fabbroni 256 Farad - - - 203, 206 Farmers' Associations favour metric system - - 102  53 Foerster, W. - - - 87 Foot 6, 25, 26, 31, 37, 38, 44, 89, 112 298 INDEX PAGE Force, Units of - 200, 202 Forney, M. N. vii., 35, 39, 221, 223, 228 Guizot 83 Halsey and Dale, The Metric Fallacy 134 Hamy, M. 261 Hand-breadth -   of -  Henu - - - --.-•- 23 Herschel, Sir John - - 7, 164 Hilgard, J.E. .... 129 Hin -  Committee report 100 House of Deputies, France, bill - 67 Hultsch .... 25 Hundredweight ... - 156 Hungary, Metric  apparatus - - 141 Ideler, L. 12 Imperial bushel - - - 35, 249 Imperial standards 245, 246, 247, 248, 249 Inch 26, 36 India, Ancient measures of - - 6 INDEX 299 PAGE Inductance, Unit of - 208 Ingham, S. D. Josephus Jomard Joule - Jugerum - 16, 17, 18 - 10 10, 30 206, 208, 209 - 26 PAGE Ka 16 Kab 16, 21 Karsten 40 Kasbu 15 Kat or Kiti 24 Kater, Captain Henry 99, 100, 119, 120, 122, 222, 245 Keith, Rev. George Skene - - 99 Kelly 31,37 Kelvin 101 Kennedy, A. R. S. - - - 20 Khar 23 Khet 23 Kilogauss 215 Kilogram 50, 62, 63, 73, 74-146, 147, 256, 257, 258, 259 Kilogram of the Archives 73, 74, 75, 147, 256, 257,  205 Kor 21 Korn-Tonde 96 Kupffer  140 Lieue  Liter 54, 145 300 INDEX PAGE Liverpool Cotton Association - 167 Livre 39, 45, 97 Livre de Troyes 83 Livre Esterlin 32, 38 Livre poid de marc 39 London Exposition of 1851 - 83, 84 Longitude 59 Long ton 168 Louis XVI. 211, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265 Micro-farad 206 Micrometer-microscope 230, 231, 233,  31 Miller, W. H. - - - 35, 248 Miller, Sir John Riggs - 99, 163 Milligram - ... 146, 148 Milligram, weights - - - 148 Milliliter 144 Millimeter - ... 138, 140 Millimicron. 138, 140 Mina - - 16, 21, 25, 27, 28, 32 Mina, Babylonian 16 Mina, heavy - - - - 16 Mina, light 16 Mina, Phoenician 16 Mint, U.S., standard troy pound 119 M'Leod 99 Modius 28 Moment of rotation, Unit of - 202 Momentum, Unit of 202 Monge 48, 54, 99 Moore, Dr. 123 Morin,  - 127,129,211 National Assembly (French) - 46 INDEX .301 PAGE National Bureau of Standards 132 National Institute of Sciences and Arts (French) - 53, 63 National Physical Laboratory (England) - - - 152, 241 National prototype meter of the United States - - - 130 Natural standards ... 5 Natural units .... 5 Neutral plane .... 222 New Hampshire approves metric system 125 Newton's rings .... 261 New Zealand adopts metric system 102 Nickel five  Oscar 38, 39 - 206 204, 206 - 92 195 Old Testament, Weights and measures of - - - 19, 20, 21 Olympian foot 25 Oner 21 Opticians' use of metric system - 181 Orguia, or fathom 25 Origin of weights and measures - 1 Ounce - - - - 25, 26, 32, 33 Pace 2, 6 Palestine Exploration Fund, Quarterly statement, 1902 - 22 Palm 6 Palm, Babylonian - - - 14 Palmipes or foot - 26 Parasang 15 Paris Academy of Sciences 46, 47, 71 Paris Exposition - - 70, 84, 85, 129 Paris International Electrical Congress - - 207, 208, 215 Parliamentary reports - - 91 Parliament, Burning of Houses of, 1834 .... 35 Parliamentary standard - - 249 Parthenon 25 Par value 167 Passus 26 Paucton - - 7, 10, 37 Pavilion Breteuil 77 Pence - - 32 Pendulum as a unit of length 15, 37, 42, 44, 46, 48, 49, 111, 245  Toise de - 44, 249 Petrie, Flinders - - - 18, 23, 24 Pfund 82, 83, 86 Philippine Tariff Act, 1901 - 132 Philosophical drachm, ounce, and pound - ... 98 Phoenician weights and measures 18, 21 Physicalisch Technische Reich san stalt .... 152 Picard 43 Pied de roi - - - 37 Pied geometrique - 44 Pied (Swiss) ... 97 Pile  221, 252 Platinum metres - - 62,  axis 164 Polar flattening - -  - 132 Portugal, Metric system in - - 94 Postal Congress of 1863 - - 126 Pot (Swiss) --- - 97 Potential difference, Unit of - 203 Pound - 27, 32,  - - 197 Priestley, Dr. - - - 98 Prony - - 54 Ptolemy Lagos 24 Pyx chapel - 30 Quadrant (unit of inductance) - 208 Quantity of electricity, Unit 203, 209 Quarteron 39 Quarteron (Swiss unit of capacity) 97 Queen Anne, Gallon of - - 35 Queen Elizabeth, Standards of 35, 36, 243, 247 Quintal .... 146, 147 Quito, arc .... 44 Railway shares 167 302 INDEX Rawlinson - Rayleigh, Lord - Rayon astronomique Reed - Regnault Reichsanstalt Resistance - PAGE - 13 - 207 - 43 - 15 - 69 152, 241 203, 204, 205 Retail Trades Associations favour metric system - - - 102 Rhine countries, Measures in - 26 Rhine foot 40 Richard I. , Laws  185, 235 Rome, Weights and measures of - 26  37 Royal Society (British) 46, 47, 84, 99, 101 Ruggles, Samuel B. - - - 126 Ruprecht balance - - - 237 Russia, Weights and measures of 94 Ruthe 82 Salces, Base at - - - 55 Sagene- - - ... 94 Sar - - - • - - 15 Sauvage, Ed. - - - - 183 Saxon weights and measures 30, 31, 32 Schoenus 23 Schools, Metric system in 125, 129, 165 Schiraz, Anania de - 25 Schumacher, Professor - - 248 Screws, Cutting of 182 Screw-cutting lathe - - - 186 Screw threads 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 Seah 21 Second's pendulum 15, 36, 37, 44, 46, 48, 49, 111, 245 Sellers,  239 Sexagesimal system 12 Sextarii 28 Shaku 93 Shaw-Caldecott, W. - - 13, 17 She 15 Sheet and plate iron and steel, U.S. standard scale - 131 Shekel, Babylonian 16 Shekels of the Hebrews - - 21 Shilling 32 PAGE Shoppen 83 Short ton 168 Shuckburgh, Sir George 120, 230, 231, 245 Shuckburgh scale - - - 100 Shuckburgh's comparator - 230, 231 Siemens, Alex. - - 186, 216, 217 Siemens, Werner - 205 Silver coinage by metric weight - 128 Silver voltameter - 210,211,212 Sizes of screw threads - - - 184 Skaal-Pund 96 Smith, Prof.  38, 39 Solvay Process Company - - 168 South America, Metric system used in - - 160 South and Central America, Metric system employed in 103, 107, 108 Spain, Adoption of metric system in - - 95 Span - 6 Spanish Geographical and Statis- tical Institute - - 158 Spartan States use Babylonian talent 27 Specific gravity of standards - 238 Specific gravity tables - - 290,  Standard bars for base measure- ments 141 Standard kilogram and meter - 254 Standard cell 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 Standard gauges - 176 Standardization - - - 154 Standards of capacity - - - 240 Standard sizes : - 175 Standard troy pound of 1758 - 34 Standard troy pound, U.S. Mint 119 Standard yard (Elizabeth) - 36, 243 Standard yard (Henry VII. ) 3(5, 243 Standard yard, British 244, 245, 246, 247 Standard yards of United States 114,247 Standards and comparison - - 218 Standards Commission, British 35, 100 Standards office - 246 Standards of mass - - 286 Standards of the Netherlands - i)3 INDEX 308 PAOK Standards of the United States - 122 Standards of resistance - - 241 Standards of resistance, current and electrical pressure - - 242 Standards, Permanence of - - 228 State standards -  Louis Exposition - - - 216 St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences 71 Sweden, Metric system adopted - 95 Switzerland, Metric system in 82, 97 Syrian standard 21 Systeme International, S.I. or S.J. 183 Table-spoonful - - - - 198 Talent, Alexandrian 25 Talleyrand 46 Taps and dies .... 183 Teachers' Associations endorse metric system - - - 102 Teaspoonful 198 Tel-el-Amarna correspondence - 19 Temperature measurements - - 227 Thermidor 53 Thermometers, thermometric meas- urements - 227 Thermometer scales, Table of - 290 Tillet 47 Tittman, 0. H. - - - - 120 Toise 38, 44, 97 Toise de ma9ons 38 Toise de Perou - - 38, 54, 249 Toise du  32, 33, 34 Tralles- - - - 62, 81, 82, 114 Transits - -  - 55 Trough ton 230 Troughton scale - 114, 121, 122, 247 Troy pound - - 25, 33, 34, 119, 248 Troyes, Standards of - - 33, 39 Trowbridge, John - - - 211 Tumblerful - 198 Tungri, Belgic foot of - - - 31 Turkey, Measures of - 97 Tweedmouth .... 102 I PAGE Ulna 26 Ulna or Aulne ... - 31 Unit acceleration - - - 200 United States, Weights and meas- ures of - - - 103, 109 United States Army, Med. Dept. 195 United States Bureau of Standards 131 United States Navy, Med. Dept. Volume, Measures of - Von Humboldt, Alex. - - 188 - 54 - 61, 80, 82, - 53 - 55 - 85 - 31 . 43 - 43 206, 209,  use of metric threads 181 Water clock 12 Watt (unit) - - 202, 206, 208, 209 Watt, James .... 98 Wave length of light - 229, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266 Weber, Wilhelm - - 201,204,205 Weighing, Earliest - - - 4 Weights and Measures Act (British, 1878) - - - 101 Westminster Abbey - - - 30 Westoncell 216 Wheat bushels - - - ' - 156 Whitworth standard - - 183, 186 Willans & Robinson, Messrs. 187 William the Conqueror, Decree of 30 Williams, R. P. - - - 125 Winchester standards - - - 30 Winchester bushel - - 35, 122  sheet metals Wolf, C. - Wolf, M. - Wolff, F. A. Wollaston, Wm. H. - Wood worth, John M. - Work, Unit of - World's Columbian Exposition PAGE - 198 PAGE Wrottesley, Sir John ... 99 mry 159 - 176 Yard or gird 30, 31 230, 251 Yard standards - 36, 1 14, 243, 247 - 230 Yates, James .... 84 206, 215 Young, Dr. Thomas 99 - 99 Yusdrumin pound  GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND co. LTD. I \W\ ?§3$_^L Iwb UNIT" RETURN CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT •*• 202 Main Library 642-3403 LOAN PERIOD 1 HOME USE 2 3 4 > 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 1 -month loans may be renewed by calling 642-3405 1 6-month loans may be recharged by bringing books to Circulation Desk 1 Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date DUE AS STAMPED BELOW I SANTA BARBARA IINTERLIBRARY LOAF 1 r.flp 0 1Q77 HlHK f> 1 1 I i FEB281987 1 AUTO. DISC. 1 OCT 1 0 1986 i | FEB0119* 1 RFPFB\/Fn \ / Ftc;v-?C! VCU 1 MAD n i 4nnc I r nAK 0 7 199* 1 \ 1 CIRCULAIIOND! i iPT. ] FORM NO. DD 6, 40m, 6V6 UNIVERSITY OF BERKE CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY ' LEY, CA 94720 - ? ^ C. BERKELEY YC 11368 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA (5 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LI. 