None
Hooper, Samuel : work on Committee of Ways and Means, 45; attitude toward legal-tender bill, 46; remarks on Senate amendments, 77; remarks on second legal-tender bill, 95 ; introduces post- age currency bill, 99; remarks on third legal-tender bill, 114; substitute pro- posed by third legal-tender bill, 116,117 ; remarks on the "gold bill," 230; opin- ion of effects of greenbacks on busi- ness, 392; see also 58 n., .59 n., 67 n., 97 n., 110 n., 114 n., 116 n., 225 n. Horton, v. B. : opposition to first legal- tender bill in committee, 46; remarks upon it in House, 59,63; substitute pro- posed for first legal-tender act, 75; op- position to legal-tender clause, 76; amendment offered to second legal- tender bill, 96; remarks on third legal- tender bill, 111,114; proposes repeal of " conversion " clause, 115; seealso55n., 58n., 59 n., 60n.,78. Howard, J. M. : remarks on first legal- tender bill, .53. Howe, T. O. : remarks on first legal-ten- der bill, 56, 64 ; see also 52 n., 56 n., 57 n., 61 n. HuLBURD, H. R. : estimate of effect of greenbacks on cost of war, 405. HunVs Merchants^ Magazine : comments on decline in consumption of staple commodities, 400, 401 ; see also 11 n., 13 n., 14 n., 18 n., 21 n., 22 n., 24 n., 30, 37 n., 39 n., 43 n., 125 n., 145 n., 149 n., 1.50 n., 151 n., 152 n., 155 n., 159 n., 172 n., 175 n., 177 n., 184 n., 186, 189 n., 191 n., 192 n., 193 u., 196 n., 202 n., 207 n., 365, 366, 375 u., 389 n. Independent subtreasury : relation to $150,000,000 loan, 25; prevents bank loan, July, 1864, 125. Index-numbers: for prices, 239-79; for wages, 280-351. Interest on public debt: effect of greenbacks on, 418, 419. Interest, rate of: statistics of rate, 365-8; slight increase in, 368; causes, 369-72; effect of government demand for loans, 373; of high profits, 374; of contraction of credit, 375, 376; interest realized on investments in government bonds, 377-9. Internal revenue duties (see Taxa- tion) : increase in receipts from, during war, 120,129; effect of greenbacks on receipts from, 413-16. laON industry : relative wages in, 315-18. Index 573 James, E. J., 3(54 n. Johnson, A. B., 189 n. Johnson, Reverdy : repeal of the " gold bill," 232; see also 225 n., 229 n. Journal (Boston), 19 n., 81. Journal of Commerce (New York), 81, 209 n. Kasson, J. A., 225 n. Kellogg, William: remarks on first legal-tender bill, 56, 57 ; see also 53 n., 55 n., 56 n., 57 n., 59 n., 65 n. King, H., 8 n. King, Peeston, 77. Knox, J. J., 8 n., 10 n., 51 n., 146 n., 159 n., 162 n., 168 n., 176 n. Laboeees: relative wages of, 299, 331, 345. Lane, J. H. : remarks on the " gold bill," 230. Laughlin, J. Laurence, 52 n., 136 n., 142 n., 156 n. Laurel Hill dispatch : effect on value of currency, 204. Leg al-tendee acts : 1. Act of February 25, 1862: Spauldmg's bills, 44-51 ; debate in Congress, 51-68; attitude of Chase, 68-74; fathered by Spaulding, 69-71; substitutes pro- posed, 75; votes in House, 75, 76; Sen- ate amendments, 76 ; votes in Senate, 77; action of House on Senate amend- ments. 77; conference committee, 78; provisions of the act, 78, 79; reception by business public, 79; attitude of newspapers, 79, 80. , , 2. Act of July 11, 1862: suggested by Chase, 91-3; Chandler's opposition, 93; bill introduced by Spaulding. 94; debate, 94-7; votes, 97; provisions ot act, 98; effect on the value of the cur- rency, 199, 213, 214. 3. Joint resolution of January 1(, 1863: arrears in payment of army, 105; Wilson's resolution, 106; Chase's bill, 107 ; ways and means bill, 108 ; Stevens's resolution, 109; effect on the value of the currency, 200. 4. Act of March 3, 1863: introduction of bill, 108; provisions of bill, 110; debate, 110-15; amendments, 115-17; votes, 116, 117; provisions of act, 117, 118; effect on the value of the cur- rency, 199, 200, 216. , , ^ ^,^^ 5. Limitation of greenbacks to $450,- 000,000, 122. Legal-tender clause (see Legal- tender acts. Greenbacks) : impotence in sustaining value of greenbacks, 198. Ledger (Philadelphia), 161 n., 164. Lenders of capital: effect of green- backs on interests of, 360-79. Lincoln, A.: appointment of Chase as secretary of treasury, 3; call for additional troops, July 1, 1862, 100; expresses regret at third issue of greenbacks, 109; accepts Chase's resig- nation, 124; effect of second election on value of currency, 205; effect of assassination on value of currency, 206; see also 21 u., 68 n., 78, 209 n. Linderman, H. E., 142 n., 159 n. LijjpincotVs Monthly Magazine, 23 n. Loan committee: of New York banks, report of, 1862, 28 n., 29 n., 32 d., 33 n., 34 n., 35 n., 36 n., 40 n., 41 u., 43 n. Loans, federal : of 1858, 5; of 1860, 5, 6, 8,11, 14; of February 8,1861, 8, 9, 11.12; of March 2, 1861, 11 ; $150,000,000 loan of 1861, 16, 17, 1943, 83, 84, 88, 90; five- twenty loan of 1862, 79, 88-90, 104, 107, 108, 121, 123; temporary loan, 85, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 151, 152, 154; ten-forty loan of 1864, 123, 126; five-twenty loan of 1864, 126; effect of loans on value of currency, 202. See also Treasury notesj Certificates of indebtedness. Demand notes. Greenbacks. Loans, private: loss and gain ia pur- chasing power of principal caused by greenbacks, 361-4. Loans, state, 20 n. Louisville: relative rents in, 357. LovEJOY, Owen : remarks on first legal- tender bill, 56; opposition to legal- tender clause, 76; attitude toward second legal-tender bill, 94, 95 ; amends joint resolution of January 17, 1863, 109; see also 56 n., 58 n., 64 n., 110 n. McCuLLOCH, Hugh: appointed secretary of the treasury, 126, 202; payment of the army, 127 ; recommends speedy resumption of specie payments, 127, 128; as president of Bank of State of Indiana, 146, 147; on increase of specu- lation, 397; on effect of paper money in encouraging lavish appropriations, 415, 416; Men and Measures. 4 n., 62 n., 74 n., 147 n. ; see also 189 n., 375. McDougall, J. R., 18 n., 54 n., 59 n., 61 n., 62 n., 77. Machinists : relative wages of, 299, 331, 345. McPheeson, E., 6 n. Mann, C. A.: estimate of effect of green- backs on cost of war, 405 ; see also 74 n., 189 n., 270 n., 398 n. Maeshall, A. : 352 n., 381. Maesland, G., 27 n. Masons : relative wages of, 299, 345. Medbeeey, J. K., 182 n., 227 n., 2.34 n., 235 n. Median : of relative prices, 255, 256, 257, 263, 264, 276; of relative wages, 292, 310, 338. Medium of exchange: confusion in, during war, 135, 141-81. Metallic teades: relative wages in, 295, 344. Miners : of coal, relative money wages, 314; of iron-ore, relative money wages, 315. Molders : relative wages of, 299, 346. Moniteur (Paris), 207. 574 History of the Greenbacks MoOEE, 212 n. MoRAN, Chaeles, 189 n. Morgan, E. D. : disagreement with Chase over Cisco's successor, 124. Morrill, Justin S. : work in Commit- tee of Ways and Means, 45; attitude toward legal-tender bill, 46; remarks on first legal-tender bill, 58; anticipa- tion of early end of war, 72; substitute proposed for first legal-tender act, 75; opposition to legal-tender clause, 76; prophecy of second issue, 82 ; remarks on second legal-tender bill, 96; remarks on third legal-tender bill. Ill; opposi- tion to further issues of greenbacks, 122; see also 55 n., 56 n., 57 n., 58 n., 59 n.,60n., 68n.,78n., 110 n. Moses, Bernard, 144 n. Nation, 398 n. National banking system: proposed by Chase, December, 1861, 37, 44; Spauiding's banking bill, 45, 46; urged by Chase, December, 1862, 103; bill reported by Stevens, January 8, 1863, 105; urged by Lincoln, 109; issue of national bank notes, 148. National Intelligencer (Washington), 19 n., 81. Necessity for legal-tender acts : affirmed by Spaulding, 47; incon- sistency of argument, 49; argument of necessity in Congress, 61-7; Chase's opinion in 1862 and 1870, 70, 71 ; opinion of financial critics, 72-4. Nevah, 78 n, Newcomb, Simon: estimate of increase in cost of war caused by greenbacks, 405 ; see also 74 n. Newspapers : demand for heavier taxa- tion, 18, 19 n.; attitude toward first legal-tender bill, 80, 81 ; reports of gold markets, 185, 186, 190; reports of inter- est rates, 366, 367. New York Chamber of Commerce: ad- vises adoption of legal-tender bill, 80; see also 19 n., 186, 196 n., 227 n. NicoLAY AND Hay, 3 n., 15 n., 21 n., 68 n., 74n., lOOn. Opdyke, George C, 163 n. Opequan Creek, battle of: effect on value of currency, 204. Painters : relative wages of, 299, .3.31. Parker, T. M., 401 n. Pattern-makers: relative wages of, 299. Pearce, J. A., 52 n., 59 n. Pendleton, G. H. : remarks on first legal-tender bill, 53; see also 52 n., 58 n., 59 n., 225 n. Philadelphia : relative rents in, 357. Pike, F. A. : remarks on second legal- tender bill, 95; see also 55 n., 56 n., 58 n., 64n.,65 n., 95 n.. Ill n. Pollock, James : recommendations regarding minor coins, 169, 170. Pomeroy, T. M. : remarks on first legal- tender bill, 57, 77 ; on second legal- tender bill, 95 ; see also 56 n., 68 n., 71 n., 89 n., 95 n., 96 n. Poor, H. V., 26 n., 27 n. Port Hudson, capture of: effect on value of currency, 204. Post (Chicago), 159 n., 160 n. Post (Boston;, 19n.,8]. Postage currency: history of the act of July 17, 1862, 98, 99 ; circulation, 161- 5, 180. Postmaster general : report of, De- cember, 1862, 163, 165 n. Potters : relative wages of, 318. Powell, L. W., 54 n., 229 n., 335 n. Premium upon gold, 182-238 ; cf. tables showing value of paper currency in gold, 423-8. Press (Philadelphia), 81. Prices : of commodities at wholesale, 243-56: of government supplies, 256-9, 406-12 ; of commodities at retail, 259-64 ; in England, Germany, and the United States, 272, 273; effect on prices of government purchases, 265 ; of inter- ruption in supply of southern products, 266; of taxation, 267-70; of enlistments in the army, 270 ; of speculation, 270, 271 ; of the quantity of money, 271 ; or the decline in gold, 272-5; of the paper standard, 275-9; general character and consequences of fluctuations, 1.36-40; relative retail prices in four towns, 340; in eastern and western states, 346, 347; cf. tables in Appendix; relative prices of farm products, 429-34 ; of va- rious commodities at wholesale, 435- 48; relative prices paid by federal gov- ernment for supplies, 449-51 ; relative prices of various commodities at re- tail, 451-68 ; comparison of relative prices of 23 commodities at wholesale and at retail, 469. Printers : relative wages of, 299. Production of wealth : effect of green- backs on, 392-8. Professional men : relative earnings of, 321. Profits: use of the term, 380, 381; in- crease of profits caused by decline of wages, rent, and interest, 382-5 ; effect of differences in relative prices upon profits, 385-8; profits of farmers, 386-8; statistics bearing upon profits, 389-91 ; effect of high profits on interest, 374; on production of wealth, 395-8. Prosperity : discussion of, by war-time pamphleteers, 392-4. Public debt: increase of March 7 to July 1, 1861, 14; effect of greenbacks on amount of, 403-20. Public works (municipal) : relative wages of employees, 295, 344 ; see also 297 n. Quantity theory: and the value of the greenbacks, 207-9; and prices, 271, 272. Index 575 Quaerymen: relative wages of, 299, 345. Railway employees: relative wages of, 295, 344. Eeceipts and expenditures: annual reports upon, 407, 408. Receipts of the treasury (see also Finances, state of the) : January to March, 18t;2, 88; April to June, 1862, 90; July to September, 1862, 101 ; increase of receipts from taxation, 120; reca- pitulation, 128-30; effect of greenbacks on, 412-17. Rent : in towns, data collected by Young, 353, 354 ; data collected by Weeks, 355-7 ; difference between rents in eastern and western states, 355, 356; in cities and towns, 356, 357; rent of farms, 358, 359; c/. tables, 467, 468. Reports op secretary of treasury: July, 1861, 15, 16; December, 1861, 37; December, 1862, 102-4 ; December, 1863, 121 ; December, 1864, 125, 126 ; Decem- ber, 1865, 127, 128 ; effect of reports on value of the currency, 201. Republican (St. Louis), 163. Republican (Springfield, Mass.), 19 n., 81, 158, 160 n., 161 n., 163, 164, 166 n., 167, 348 n. Retail prices (see Prices). Revenue commission, 1865-66: inquiry into consumption of wealth, 401. Rhodes, J. F., 38 n., 51 n., 73 n., 74 n., 212 n. Rice, H. M., 77. Riddle, A. G. : remarks on third legal- tender bill, 114 ; see also 110 n., 114 n. Rollins, E. H. : opposition to legal- tender clause, 76. St. Louis : relative rents in, 357. Sales of gold by the treasury, 225-7. Sauerbeck, A. : English index-numbers, 272, 273. Saulsbury, W., 54 n. School-teachers: relative salaries of, 319, 320. SCHUCKERS, J. W., 4 n., 29 n., 43 n., 85 n., 123 n., 124 n., 125 n., 152 n., 176 n., 186 n., 226 n., 227 n. ScHURZ, Carl, 189 n. Schwab, J. C, 21 n. Second hands : relative wages of, 299. Sedgwick, C. B., 78. Seward, W. H., 68 n. Sheffield, W. P. : remarks on second legal-tender bill, 96 ; see also 52 n., 55 n., 59n.,60n.,94n., 110 n. Shellabarger, S.: opposes repeal of "conversion" clause, 116; see also 65 n,, 113 n. Sherman, John : remarks on first legal- tender bill, 53, 65 ; opposition to tem- porary loan, 85, 86; remarks on second legal-tender bill, 95; vote upon it, 97; proposed amendment making demand notes legal tender, 152; introduces "gold bills," 225,228; Recollections, 10 n. ; see also 53 n., 55 n., 59 n., 61 n., 67 n., 78, 89 n., 105 n.. Ill n., 225 n., 229 n. "Shinplastees" : circulation of, 159-64, 180. Shipping and Commercial List (New York), 151 n., 152 n., 153 n. "Shoddy aeistockacy" : extravagance of, 398. Simmons, J. F. : remarks on second legal-tender bill, 94; see also 55 n., 66 n., 73 n., 80 n., 95 n., 151 n. Soetbeer, A.: index-numbers for Ger- many, 272, 273. Soldiers : pay of, 334, 335, 408. Sound Currency, 27 n., 52 n., 195 n. Southern debts : treatment of, in 1861, 21 and 21 n. Southern products : relative prices of, 252-4, 266. Spahr, C. B., 282 n. Spaulding, E. G. : work on Committee of Ways and Means, 45 ; first draft of legal- tender bill, 46; reasons assigned for it, 47; reply to Gallatin, 48-50; second draft of legal-tender bill, 51; remarks on bill, 52, 61, 64, 65, 67, 77, 80; " Father of the Greenbacks," 69-71, 94; remarks on second legal-tender bill, 94, 95.96; remarks on third legal-tender bill, 108, 111, 114 ; opinion of effect of greenbacks on business, 392; History of Legal- Tender Paper Money, 4 n., 19 n., 23 n., 25 n., 26 n., 27 n., 29 n., 33 n., 43 n., 45 n., 46 n., 47 n., 48 n., 49 n., 51 n., 52 n., 62 n., 67 n., 68 n., 70 n., 73 n., 75 n., 76 n., 105 n. ; see also 55 n., .56 n., 57 n., 58 n., 61 n., 65 n., 82 n., 87 n., 89 n., 97 n., 110 n. Spear, S. T., 74 n. Specie payments, suspension of: by banks, 38-41, 144-8; by treasury, 41 ; re- sponsibility for, 41-3. Speculation: and the premium upon gold, 185, 187, 188, 190, 191, 193, 194, 209, 210j 224 ; attempts to crush gold specu- lation, 223-32; speculation and prices, 270, 271 ; effect of greenbacks on specu- lation, 3%-8. Spinner, F. E. : on wages of government clerks, 334. Stamp tax : on sales of gold, 223, 224. Standard of value: fluctuations in specie value of greenbacks. 135, 1.36, 140 n., 182-238; in prices, 23i)-79; effect of changes in the standard, see Wages, Rent, Interest, Profits, Production, Consumption, Cost of war. Credit; community's interest in standard vs. financial interest of government, 403, 404. Stanton, E. M., 68 n., 105. Stevens, Thaddeus : chairman Com- mittee of Ways and Means, 45; atti- tude toward legal-tender bill, 46; re- marks on first legal-tender bill, 52, 57, 64, 65, 67, 77, 80; explanation of " fund- ing provisions," 89; remarks on second 576 History of the Greenbacks legal-tender bill, 97: reports loan and banking bills January, 1863, 105, 199, 200; opposes repeal of "conversion clause, 116; substitute for third legal- tender bill, 116; attempt to secure pay- ment of interest in paper money, 122; introduces bill to make demand notes legal tender, 154 ; bill to prevent pay- ment of premium for coin, 237 ; see also 52 n., 55 n., 58 n., 61 n., 78, 78 n., 82 n., 84 n., 87 n., 91 n. Stone-cuttees : relative wages of, 299, 345. Stone teade: relative wages in, 295, 344. Strikes, 348 n. S0MXEE, Charles: remarks on first legal-tender bill, 54,79; see also 53 n., 59n.,60n.,62n. Sdmner, W. G., 21 n., 43 n., 74 n. Sun (Baltimore), 81 n. Taussig, F. W., 9 n., 74 n. Taxation: inadequacy of taxes levied in August, 1861. 18, 19. 63, 72; increase of taxes, 120; effect of, on prices, 267- 70; effect of greenbacks on receipts from taxes, 412-17. Teamsters: relative wages of, 299, 331. Textile trades: relative wages in, 294, 295, 302, 330, 344. Thomas, B. F. : remarks on first legal- tender bill, 57, 63: opposition to legal- tender clause, 76 ; see also 52 u., 54 n., 56 n., 57 n., 59 n., 60 n. Thomas, P. F. : administration of treas- ury, 6-8. Thompson, R. E., 189 n. Times (New York), 19 n., 39 n., 73 n., 81, 152 n., 153 n., 154 n., 158, 161 n., 193 n., 199 n., 200 n., 202 n., 204 n., 207 n., 215 n., 220 n., 222 n., 223 n., 224 n., 225 n., 228 n., 375. Tod, David: offered secretaryship of the treasury, 124. TowNSEND, S. p., 188 n. Treasury notes: one-year notes of 1857, 5; one-year notes of 1860, 6, 7, 8, 11 ; two-year notes of 1861, 12, 13, 14, 20; sixty-day notes of 1861,20; 7:30 notes of 1861, 17,28; one- and two- year notes of 1863, 123, 124,126, 174-6; compound- interest notes, 123, 124, 125, 126, 176; 7: 30 notes of 1864, 125, 126, 127, 177, 178; see also Greenbacks, Demand notes of 1861, Certificates of indebtedness. Trent affair: financial effect of, 37, 38,42. Tribune (New York), 19 n., 21 u., .36 n., 39 n., 41, 80, 151 n., 152 n., 159 n., 160 n., 163 n., 184 n., 201, 209 n., 222, 223 n., 224, 226 n., 234, 235 n., 237 n., 367 n. Trumbull, Lyman: remarks on circula- tion of cents, 170. United States notes: see Greenbacks, Treasury notes, Demand notes of 1861. Upton, J. K., 27 n., 52 n., 74 n. Vallandigham, C. L. : attacks on policy of the administration, July, 1861, 16; substitute proposed for first legal- tender act, 75; nomination for gover- nor of Ohio, 219 ; see also 60 n. ViCKSBURG, capture of: effect on value of currency, 204. Wages: connection between advance in prices and in wages, 270, 306; value of wage-data, of Aldrich Report, 283- 6; of Weeks's supplementary report, 314, 315; of Department of Agriculture for farm-laborers, 321, 322; of the Tenth Census, 324-8; relative money wages, by industries, 294-8, 314-19; by occupa- tions, 298-300, 319-21, 321-4, 330, 331 ; by sexes, 291, 293, 300-303, .307; by grades of skill and responsibility, 300, 301,323; by wage-groups, 303-7, 322, 323; range of fluctuations, 290-92, .329, 330; connec- tion with actual earnings before sus- pension, 303-7, 332,333; actual money wages, increase in, 308, 309, 333 ; relative wages in eastern and western states, 328-31, 346, 347; relative real wages, approximate character of figures, 339, 340; of all persons represented by Aldrich Repoi-t, 340-42; comparison with Falkner's figures, 342, 343; by industries, 344; by occupations, 345; by wage-groups, 345; in eastern and western states, 346, 347; conclusions regarding, 347-51 ; c/. tables of relative wages computed from Table XII of the Aldrich Report, 470-517; from Table XIV, ibid., 566, 567 ; from Vol. XX of the Tenth Census, 518-66. Waite,F. C, 282n. Walker, Amasa: remarks on third legal-tender bill, 111, 113; see also 110 n., llln.,113n., 114n., 398n. Walker, F. A., 52 n., 325 n. Walker, R. J., 10 n., 393 n. Walton, C. W., 61 n., 63 n. War news : effect on value of currency, 203-5. Ward, E., Ill n. Warden, R. B., 4n., 24 n., 26 n., 27 n., 34 n., 41 n., 43 n., 70 n., 124 n., 227 n., 228 n.. 230n., 231n.,232n.. 235n. Watchmen : relative wages of, 299. Watts, J. S. : remarks on third legal- tender bill, 113; see also 113 n. Wealth: effect of greenbacks on pro- duction of, 392-8 ; on consumption of, 398-402. Weavers: relative wages of, 299, 345. Weeks, J. D. : report on retail prices, 259-64; report on wages in Aldrich Report, 314-19; report on wages in Tenth Cetisus, 324-33; data for rent, .354-7. Weighting: of tables of prices, 244, 250 n. ; of tables of wages, 287-9, 294-8, 301, 309-13, 327 ; of tables of cost of liv- ing, 3.36, .337 ; of tables of prices of agricultural products, .387. Index 577 Wells, David A. : inquiry into earnings of professional men, 321 ; into rent of workingmen's houses, 353, 354; into profits, 389; on cause of price fluctua- tions, 269; on prosperity during war, 392; on increase of speculation, 397, 398; see also 351 n., 398 n. Weston, G. M., 189 n. Whaeton, Joseph : opposition to cessa- tion of coinage of nickel cents, 169. White, Hoeace, 26 n., 182 n., 406 n. Wholesale Prices (see Prices). Wilderness, battles of: effect on value of currency, 222. Wilkinson, M. S., 18 n. Willey, W. T.,60n., 77. Williams, J. E., 26 n., 27 n., 43 n. Williams, C. P.: estimate of efifect of greenbacks on cost of war, 405. Wilson, G. F., 78 n. Wilson, Henry : offers resolution for a third issue of greenbacks, 106; see also 55 n., 65 n., 80. Wilson, R., 77. Women : relative wages of, as compared with men, 291, 293, 300-303, 307. World (New York), 81, 205, 209n., 234, 367 n. Weight, H. B., 52 n., 63 n. Yazoo river expedition: effect on value of currency, 203. Young, Edward : investigation into rent of workingmen's houses, 353-5. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY This book is DUEon the last date stamped below. Fine schedule: 25 cents on first day overdtie | 50 cents on fourth day overdue One dollar on seventh day overdue. OCT 141947 AUTO. DISC. MAH 12 i^-^- JUN 1 2 1992 25Apr'B0A! • ■r T^ n-i 1 An™ 10 'AfiC A9012 s16')4120 i^ V. f, U C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES CDM0'lE4Mai 1,. 