None
For purposes of reference, we reproduce the principal Roman and old German scales, in so far as they are used by Agricola m this work, with their values in English. All students of weights and measures will realize that these values are but approximate, and that this is not an occasion to enter upon a discussion of the variations in different periods or by different authorities. Agricola himself is the author of one of the standard works on Ancient Weights and Measures {see Appendix A), and further gives fairly complete information on contem- porary scales of weight and fineness for precious metals in Book vii. p. 262 etc., to which we refer readers. ROMAN SCALES OF WEIGHTS. Troy Grains. I Siliqua - 2.8; 6 Siliquae = I Scripulum 17.2 4 Scripula = I Sextula 68.7 6 Sextulae := I Uncia 412.2 12 Unciae = I Libra 4946.4 100 Librae — I Centumpondium .. Also 494640.0 I Scripulum = 17.2 3 Scripula = I Drachma 51-5 2 Drachmae = I Sicilicus 103.0 4 Sicilici _ I Uncia 412.2 8 Unciae - 1 Bes .. 3297.6 APPENDIX C. 617 SCALE OF FINENESS (agkicola's adaptation). 4 Siliquae = 1 Unit of Siliqiiae 3 U mla of Siliquae — i Senn-scxlula 4 Semi-sexlnlae = I Duella 24 Dticlliie = I Bt's OLD GERMAN SCALE OF WEIGHTS. 1 Pfennig 4 Pfcnni^e 4 Quintlcin 2 Loth 8 Untzen 2 A/a>'A 100 Pfiindt SCALE Troy Grains 14.1 I Quintlein 56.4 I Lolh 225.6 I Untzen 451-2 I A/(iyA 3609.6 I P/f(n(i< 7219.2 I Centner . 721920.0 OF FINENESS 3 Grenlin = i Gran 4 Gran = I Krat 24 /Cm/ = I Mark ROMAN LONG MEASURE. I Digitus 4 Digiti 4 Palmi 5 Psies I Palmus I Pes I Ciibitiis I Passus Inches. .726 2.90 II. 61 17.41 58.1 Also I Roman Uncia = 12 Unciae = Pes •97 II. 61 GREEK LONG MEASURE. 1 Daeiylos 4 Daetyloi 4 Palaistai i^ Poms 6 Pous Palaiste Pous Pechus Oryguia •758 303 12.135 18.20 72.81 OLD GERMAN LONG MEASURE. 1 Q Iter finger 16 Querfinger 2 W erckschuh 3 £«e I WercAscAifA I £He I Lachter Inches. •703 11.247 22.494 67.518 Also (Agricola nowhere uses the Saxon liquid measures, .85 12 Zoll — I l-Fc^-Ast huh ROMAN LIQUID MEASURE. Cubic inches. Pints. I Quartarius = 8.6 .. .247 4 Quartarii = I Sexta.rius 31.4 .. .991 6 Sexlarii = I Congius 206.4 5-947 16 Sextarii = I Modius ■ 550.4 •• 15-867 8 Congii = I Amphora 1650.0 47-577 with the Roman). lor do they fall into units comparable GENERAL INDEX. Note. — The numbers in heavy type refer to Uic Text ; those in plain type to the Footnotes, Appendices, etc. PAGE Abandonment OF IvIiNES 217 Abertham. Mines at 74; 92; 74 Abolite 113 Abslrich 465; 492 Abydos. Gold mines of 26; 27 Lead figure from 390 Abzug 464: 465; 475 Achates {see Agate). .\CCIDENTS TO MINERS 214 — 218 Accounts (Mining) 96- 98 Adit 101 Aeris fios {see Copper Flowers). Aeris squama {see Copper Scales). Aes caldarium 109 Aes luteum 109 Aes nigrum 109 Aes purtim fossile {see Native Copper). Aes rude plunibei coloris {see Copper rUance). Aes uslum {see Roa.sted Copper). Aetites 2 .Africa. Iron 420 Tin 412 Agate 114 .Agriculture. Mining compared with 5 .Ailments of Miners {see Mal.i'iies of Minersl. Air Currents in Mines 121 ; 200 Alabaster 114 Alchemists XXVII— XXX ; 44; K08 .Agi'icola's opinion of XII; XXVII. .Amalgamation 297 Assaying 248; 219 Discovery of acids 439; 460 Distillation 441 .Aljustbel Tablet 83 — 84 Alkali 558 .Alloys, Assaying OF 247 — 252 .Alluvial Mining 321—348; 330—332 Alston Moor 84 .Altenberg XXXI; VI Collapse of mine 216 Miners poisoned 214 Tin working appliances 290; 304; 318 Alum 564—568; 564—570 .A solidified juice 1 Klizabethan Charter 283 In roasted pyrites 350 In Sal artificiosus 463 Latin and German terms 220; 221 Papal monopoly 670 Use in making nitric acid 439; 460 Amalgam. Parting the gold from 298; 297 .Amalgama-»"ion 297 Of gilt objects 461 Mills 295—299 Amber 34; 35 Amethyst 114 Amiaritus {see .Asbestos). Ampulla 445-447; 220 Annaberg VI; XXI; 42; 75; 75 Profits 92 Ant, venomous 216 Antimony 220; 428; 354 Minerals 110 Smelting of 400; 428 Use as type-metal 2; 429 Antimony Sulphide 220; 428; 451 Parting gold and silver with 451 ; 451 ; 461 Parting gold from copper 463 Parting silver and iron 544 page .Antwerp, Scale of Weights 263 Apex Law 81; 8.1-86 Aqua regta 439; 441; 354 Aqua valens {see also Nitric Acid)... 439-443; 439; 220 Clarification with silver 443; 413 Cleansing gold-dust with 396 Parting precious metals with 443 — 447 Arbores dissectae {Lagging) 101 Archimedes, Screw OK 149 Architectire, Knowledge necessary for miners 4 Area fodinarunt {see Meer). -Argentiferous ("opper Ores, Smelting OF 404 — 407 .Argentite 109 Argentum purxim in vents {see Native Silver). Argentum rude plumhei coloris {see Silver Glance). Argentum rude rubrum translucidum (see Ruby Silver). Argol '. 234; 220 As a flux 234; 238; 243 Use in melting silver nitrate 447 Use in smelting .gold dust 396—398 Argonauts 330 .Arithmetical Science. Knowledge necessary for miners... 4 Armenia, Stone of 115 Arsenic (see also Orpiment and Realgar) HI; 214 Arsenicum Ill .Arsenopyrite Ill Asbestos 440; 440; 114 .Ash-coloured Copper 539—540; 540; 523—524; 492 From liquation 529—530 -Ashes w.hich Wool Dyers use (see n;,<o Potash) 233; 559; 220 U-se in assaving 236—238 Ash OF Lead'. 237—238; 237; 220 Ash of Musk Ivy (see also Potash and Nttrum) 236—238; 220 .Asphalt 581 A <iphaHites {see Dead Sea). Assay Balances {see Balances). -Assay Flu.xes (see Fluxes). Assay Furnaces 224—228; 220 Crucible 226—227 Muffle 224—228; 239 Assaying {see also Probierlnichletn)... 219; 219; 2l'0. 351 Amalgamation 243 Bismuth 247 Copper 244 Cupellation — 240 Gold and silver alloys 248 Gold ore 242-244 Iron ore 247 I.ead 245—246 Silver 242-245 Silver and copper alloys 249-250 Tin 246 Tin and silver alloys 251 .Assay Muffles {see Muffles). Assay Ton 261; 242 Assyrian Copper 402 Asthma 214 Astronomy- Knowledge necessary for miners... 4 -\tarnea. Jlines near 26; 27 .Athkns. Mining law 83 Sea power and mines 27 620 GENERAL INDEX. Ath ens Silver mines (see Mt. Laurion, Mines of). Atramentum Sutorium {see also Vitriol) 672 ; Alramenlnm Sulorium candidum Atramentum Sutonumrubrum ^I* ' AurichaUum ■ Aurifii^meiilum (see Orpiment). Azure '• An indication of copper An indication of gold Colour of fiame AzuRiTE lt>9 : 409; 109: 220 : 110 113 274 404 220 116 117 235 402 582 Babel, Tower of Babylonia. Bitumen in Use of lead Babytace, Gold buried by inhabitants ^^"^''"'-° :;;:;:::::;::;:::::'m: im^^Is 582 391 9; 15 230; Balances Barite Barmaster, of High Peak Bars, for Furnace Work Baskets, FOR Hoisting ... Batea Beer Bell, TO call Workmen Bellows ,\®?~?,I? ' Ancient use of oiii , Joo. Assay furnace 226; Mine ventilation with 207- Beni Hassen, Inscriptions at 586 Iergmeister ■.;■. 33 ;'"81 ;■ 95 ;"77 ; 77 : 78 Deals with forfeited shares 92—93 Jurors ...^ 98 Bergmeister's Clerk »» . '» Bergzinober (see Quicksilver). Bermius (Bermium), Mt. (see Mt. Bermius). Bismuth *33 ; 354 .\ssayinE; ores of Indication of silver 115 77 382 153 156 220 100 419 362 245 210 Minerals 276; 380; 111 Smelting of 433—437; The " roof of silver " 11' ; Zaffre Bitumen. .Ancient knowledge of 220 ; 581 — 582 ; Colour of fumes Dead Sea Distillation From springs Harmful to metals Roasting from ore 273; Solidifie.l juice Bituminosa cadmia (see Cadmia bititmi nosa). Blast, Regulation of Blasting Blende Bleyberg Bloodstone Bloom Tlhitslein (see Ironstone). Bohemia. Antimony sulphide Pestilential vapours Sifting ore in Smelting Bone-ash Borax 560; Method of manufacture Use in gold smelting 444; Use in assaying Bornite Boundary Stones 87; Boundaries Bowls for Alluvial Washing 322; 324 Brass .\ncient methods of making 220 247 116 111 430 433 112 354 235 33 581 582 273 351 1 386 119 113 239 ; 2 420 230; 221 ; 457; 245; 77; 428 216 293 384 466 110 560 464 246 109 129 147 336 PAGE Breaking Ore 117—119 Brick Dust. Used in cementation 454; 454 Used in making nitric acid 440 Brine (see also Salt). Evaporation of 547—548 Britain. Lead-silver smelting 392 Miners mentioned by Pliny 83 Tin trade 411—413 British Museum. Egvpiian gold-mining 399 Egyptian lead 390 Egyptian steel 402 Bromyrite 109 Bronze. Historical notes 411; 402; 354 Bronze Age 355; 402; 411 Bryle (Outcrop) 101 Buckets, FOR Hoisting Ore -153-154; 157 Buddle 281; 282; 267 Divided 302—303 Simple 300—302; 312—315 Bullion, Pouring into Bars 382 Burning Ore 231; 273; 267 Burnt Alum 233; 565; 221 334; .. 410 ; 354 ; 2 404— 4' 15 ; 112 Cadmia (see also Zinc, Pompholvr, and Cobalt) 542; 542; 112— .Ancient ore of brass From dust chambers From liquation 539; From roasting matte Poisonous to miners 214; Roasting Smelting for gold and silver Cadmia bituminosa 276; 273; Cadmia fornacis (see Furnace Accre- tions). Cadmia fossilis (see Calamine and Blende). Cadmia metallica (see also Cobalt) 403 ; Caendeum (see Azure). Cakes of Melted Pyrites 379 ; A flux Roasting of 349— Use in smelting Calalm (see also Zinc) Calamine 112; 113; 409; Calcite Calcspar 116; CaMamim Copper 512; 542; 404; Caldrons, for Evaporating Salts Calmei (see Calamine). Cameros. Zinc found at Camphor 238; 238; Camshaft 282—283; Cana/fs (Ore Channels) 43; 46 Ore shoots in Cannon Cardinal Points 57 Carnelian Carneot (see Carnelian). Carni Cupellation Smelting of lead ores Carpathian Mountains. Liquation practice in 540; Sieves Stamp-milling Carthage. Mines in Spain Castulo (Cazlona) Cementation (see also Parting Gold from Silver) 453—457; Centumpondium 616; Scale of weights 260 Ceragurite Cerussa (see White-lead). Cerussite Chain Pumps '71 Chalcanthite Chakanthum (see also Vitriol) 109 453; 242; 113 410 394 642 349 214 276 410 113 113 222 234 351 379 409 410 114 114 511 548 409 221 267 ; 47 117 11 ; 58 114 390 483 390 544 289 319 27 42 4,58 509 -261 109 no -175 110 572 GENERAL INDEX. 621 r.7;t 109 xxvii : 220 VII, IX. XI. 129 402 421 391 409 584 235 116 117 109 401 91 31 77 322 210 34 113 433 408 214 214 112 435 401 Chalcedony CfutUilfi Indication of copper Chalcocite Chalcopyrite Chaldean Antimony Chemistry. Origin Chem.mtz. •AgriLola appoiiilcd city physician Agricola elected burgomaster... VIII ; uuarrel o\-er Agricola's burial China, (Jkand Canal ok Chinese. Early copper smelting Early iron Early silver metallurgy Early zinc smelting Clirysocolla (see also Borax) 110; 221 ; 584 Collection in vats Colour of fumes Indication of copper Indication of gold Mineral Smelting of Church, Share in Mines CiMOLITE Cinnabar (see Quicksilver and Minium). Clai.m, in .\merican Title Cloth. Lining sluices Ventilation by shaking Coal Cobalt 354; 542; 112- Cobalt-blue 112; From lead smelting King Hiram's experience with Poisonous to miners Relation to cadniia Relation to bismuth Smelting ores of Coralt-.\rsenic Minerals [see Arsenic). Cobaltite Cobaltiim ctneraceum (see Sniallite). Cobaflum ferri colore (see Cobaltite). Cobaltuni nigrum (see Abolite). Coiners Coins 251 Colchis. Alluvial gold washing Cologne. Scale of weights Companies, Mining 89 — 93 Fraudulent dealing Investment in Compass 141 — 142 Di\isions of the Swiss Concentrates. From washing liquation products... Sintering of Smelting of 394; 396 Concentration 267—348; Consins 153 ; Constantinople, Alum Trade Consumption. Miners liable to Conterfei (see Zinc). Contracts, Method of Setting ... CoriAPITE Copper [see also Liquation).... 109; Assay of 244; Granulation of In<^iicatinns of Parting from gold 462- Parting gold from silver .... 448 — 451 ; Ratio in liquation cakes 505; Residues from liquation Rosette CoppER-KiLiNos 233; 233; Copper Flowers 538; 110; 233; Pliny's description Copper Glance 401; PAGE 114 109 116 402 109 429 95 -253; ; 50: 56 145; 399; 2T.) ; 172. 402; 113 78 457 330 263 90 22 29 129 57 137 542 401 401 354 617 5fi9 214 96 III 511 249 250 116 464 448 506 521 538 221 538 404 109 Copper Matte. Roasting Smelting Copper Ore (see also Copper Smelting, etc.) Assaying Copper Pyrites Copper Refining 530—538; 354; 492; Breaking cakes Enrichment of silver by settling Roman method Rosette copper Copper Scales 110; 221; Use in assaying Copper Schists (see also Mannsfeld Copper Slates) Method of smelting Copper Smelting 388 — 390; 401; Invention of appliances Cornwall. Ancient tin mining Early German miners Early mining law Early ore dressing Influence on German mining '■ Knoc!:ers " Mining terms 77; 101; Royal Geol. Soc Transactions Coluula (see Touchstone). Coitnterfeht (see Zinc). Crane. For cupellation furnaces For lead cakes For liquation cakes Cremnitz. Age of mines Width of veins Crinoid Stems CrOPI'INGS Crosscuts Crowbars Crucible. Assay 228; 230; 241 ; Of blast furnaces Crudaria Crushing Mills (see Stamp-mill and Mills). Crushing Ore 231 ; 279— Crystal (Crvstallum) Cumberland. Early report on ores of Roman lead furnaces Cup-Bearer. Right to a meer Cupellation 464 — 483 ; Buildings and furnaces 464— Bncihtcning of the silver In assaying In " tests " Latin and German terms Litharge Cupels 228 — 230 ; Drying of Moulds CupRic Oxide Cuprite CyauHS (see also Azurite) Cyprus. Ancient copper smelting 350 404 407 lii'.i 244 245 117; 109 535 - -536 501 -503 510 404 535 233; 539 245 127 408 404; 402 3.03- -354 413 282 86 282 283 217 267, 282 84 476- 477 500 514 5 52 115 37 ; 37 106 152 245; 221 376; 377 65 287; 279 114 267 392 81 465- -41)6 472; 4!i2 241 , 475 240 483 221 : 492 475 221 ■ 466 240 231 221 109; 402 110 402 Daih 127 Dattvlos 617; 78 Dangers to Miners 214 — 218 Darrlinge 492 Darrofen 492 Darrsohle 492 Dawling, of a Vein 101 Dead Sea. Bitumen in 33 Drcemvir\l College 96 DecHtnanus (see Tithe Gatherer). Demensum (see Measure). Demons (see a/so Gnomes) 217; 217 622 GENERAL INDEX. rAGB Derbyshire (sm also High Peak). Early ore washing 281 Introduction jigging sieve 283 Mining law 77; 84 — 85 Descent into Mines 212 Devon. Mining law 85 Dilleugher 267 DiOPTRA 129 Difihrygum *04 Dip of Veins 65 — 75 DiPPAS lUl Dippers 157 Of pumps 172 Discreiores (see Sorters). Distillation 441 For making nitric acid 441 Of amalgam 244 Of quicksilver 426—432 Distributor 78 Divining Rod 38—40; 38; 40 Divisions OF THE Compass 56; 57 Drainage OF Mines 121; 171 — 198 With buckets 171 With chain pumps 172 With rag and chain pumps 188 With suction pumps 172 With water bags 198 Drawing. Knowledge necessary for miners... 4 Drifts 104; 105; 101 Timbering of 125 Drusy Veins 107; 107 " Drying " Liquation Residues {see a/so Liquation)... 527—529; 491; 492 Furnaces for 521; 526; 492 Silver extracted by 529 Slags irom 523 Dumps, Working of 30 Dust Chambers 394; 416; 354 DUTINS (Timbers) 101 Dynamite 119 " Earths." .\gricola's view of 1; 46; 48 Extraordinary 115 Peripatetic view of 46; 47 Egyptians. -\lluvial raining 330 Antimonv 428 Bronze..' 402; 411 Copper smelting 402 Crushing and concentration 279 Furnaces 356 Glass making 586 Gold mining 399 Iron 421 Maps 129 Mining law 83 Silver and lead metallurgy 390 Tin 411; 412 Egyptian Scr'Ew (see Archimedes, Screw of). ElFEL. Spalling ore 272 Eisenertz {see Ironstone). Kisenglantz {see Ironstone). Eislebfn. Heap roasting 279; 274 Electrum 458; 2: 35 Elements, Peripatetic Theory of 44 Emery 115 Erbisdorff. Tin strakes 304 Excoctores {see Smelters). Exhalations. From veins 38; 44 Exhausted Liquation Cakes {see Liquation Cakes, Exhausted). Fans, Ventilation 203 — 207 Fathom 616; 77; 78 Ffl(itfru'i5 (s« a/50 Asbestos) 114; 274 Feldspar H4 380; 380; Ferrugo {see Iron-rust). Ferrum puruin {see Native Iron). Fibra {see Stringers). Fineness, Scales of 253; 617 Fire-setting 118—120; 118-119 Firstum Mines {see Furst). Fissure Vein {see \ena profunda). Flame. Determination of metal by 235 Determination of required flux by 235 Flint, as a Flux 380 Float, from Veins 37 Flookan 101 Flue-dust 394 — 396 Fluores {see Fluorspar). Fluorspar 115; Indication of ore Flusse {see Fluorspar). Fluxes {see also Argol, Saltpetre, Limestone, Stones which easily melt, etc.) 232—239; 232; 237; Basic De-sulphurizing 236; For smelting 379; 380; 386; Reducing 236: Stock fluxes for assaying Sulphurizing 236 ; FooTWALL 68; Forehearth 356; 375—378; 386; For tin furnaces 411; Foreman {see Mining Foreman). Forest-Fires 36; Forest of Dean Forest of Mendip' Fortnae Fossa latens {see also Drifts) Fossa latens transversa {see also Crosscuts) Fossores {see Miners). Founders' Hoards 355 Fractional Meers 80 France. Mediseval mining law 84 Free Mining Cities 84 Freiberg XXXI. Age of the mines 5 Bergmeister 95 Division of shares 81; 90; 91 381 116 221 237 237 390 237 236 237 117 355 413 36 84 84 101 101 101 402 35; 36 218 482 115 235 215—216 101 77 355; 492 433—437 349 455 First discovery of veins .... Flooding of mines Method of cupellation Fullers' Earth Fumes. From heated ore Poisonous Fundamentum {see also Footwall) .. Fundgrube {see also Meer) Furnaces 374—378; 386; 388 Assaying {see Assay Furnaces). Bismuth smelting Burning tin concentrates Cementation Copper smelting 401 — 408 Cupellation 467—468; 482—483 " Drying " liquated copper 522—526 Enriching copper bottoms 510 Gold and silver ores 382 — 384 Heating copper cakes 503 Iron smelting 420-421; 420 Latin and German terms 220 Lead ores 408—410 Liquation of silver 515 Melting lead cakes 498 Nitric acid making 441 Parting precious metals with anti- mony 452 — 453 Quicksilver distillation 426 — 432 Refining copper 531 — 533 Refining silver 483; 489 Refining tin 418 Roasting 276—277 Smelting liquation slags 507 Tin smelting 411—413; 419 GENEIML INDEX. 623 Furnace Accretions. Removal of FuuNACE Hoods FuKsr. Mines of 113; 221 Gaarherd {see Refining-hcarth). Gaurmachen [see Copper Refining). Gau (;alena bi ; 109; Bismuth distinguished from Smelting of Gangue Minerals Garlic. Magnet weakened by Garnets Gases [see also Fumes) Fiom hre-setting Gedifjen eisen, sil^'er, etc. {see Native Iron, Sliver, etc.). Gel alrameiit {see Misy). Gems Geology. Agricola's views Germans. Knghsh mining influenced by Mining men imported mto England Ore-dressing methods Geschwornen (m Saxon mines) Geyer XXXI ; Shafts Tin-strakes Gilding Removal from objects Gips {s« Gypsum). GiTTELDE. Smelting of lead ore Glantz {see Galena). Glasertz {see Silver Glance). Glaskopfe {see Ironstone). Glass Blowing Furnaces From sand Glass-galls As a fiux 235; 238; Use in parting gold from copper .... Use in smelting gold concentrates... Glette {see Litharge). Glimmer {see Mica). Gnomes. In mines 217; 112; Goblins {see Gnomes). God's Gift Mine (see Gottsgaab Mme). Gold {see also Gold Ores, Parting, Smelting, Stamp-MiU, etc.). Alluvial mining 321 — Alluvial streams Amalgamation Gold-dust Historical notes Indications of Lust for not the fault of the metal Minerals Minerals associated with Smelting of ores 381-382; 386; 388; Wickedness caused by Gold Concentrates 396 — Golden Fleece Gold Ores A malgaraat ion 295 — Assay by amalgamation Assay by fire Flux used in assaying Flux used in smelting Smelling in blast furnace Smelting cupriferous ores Smelting in lead bath Smelting pyritiferous ore S<-amp-milling Goldstein {see Touchstone). PAGE ; W)2 376 494 24; 24 150 110; 221 :i 400—401 48 39 334 120 115; 1 695 283 282 281—282 77 42; VI. 102 304 4 f.O 460; 464 391 534—592 592 586—590 380 235; 221 243; 246 464 397; 398 214; 217 336; 330 75 297 396 399; 3r,4 108; lie 16 108 108-109 390; 396 9 -10 399; 398 330; 330 107- 108 299; 297 243 244 242- -243 235 398 398- -400 404—407 399 398- -401 321 Goslar 5 Lead smelting Native zmc vitriol Koaslmg ores Spalling hard ore Goslarite Gottsgaab Mine VI; VII Gounce Grand Canal of China Granulation Methods for Bullion Granulation of Copper Greeks. Antimony Brass making Copper smelting Iron and slccl making Mcldllur^y from Lgypt Mining law Ore dressing Quicksilver Silver-lead .smelting Smelting appliances Grey Antimony {see also Stibium) ... IIO; Griffins Groom of the Chamber. Kight to a nicer Groove {see also Shafts) Ground Sluices Ground Waters Gritnspan {see Verdigris). Gulden Gunpowder. First u.se for blasting in mines Invention of Gypsum Hade Haematites {see Ironstone). Haltnitriim {see Saltpetre). Halle, Salt Industry Hammers With water power Hanging wall Harz Miners. Agricola consulted .Antimony sulphifle , First mining charter First stamp-mill Pumps Hauling Appliances {see also Whims and Windlasses) 160— Heap Roasting Hearth-Lead {see also Molybdaenn). 475; 476; As a fiux Use in smelting 379 ; Hearths. For bismuth smelting For melting lead Heavenly Host Mine [see Himmelisch Hdz Mine). Heavy Spar Hebrews. Knowledge of antimony Silver-lead smelting Term for tin Hematite Hemicyclf [Hemicyclium) Heradion {see Lodestone). Herdt>lei {see Hearth-Lead). HiERO. King .-. High Peak (Derbyshire). Mining law Nomenclature in mines Saxon customs, connection with... Himmelisch Hdz Mine 74 HOE Holidays of Miners Horn Silver Horns of Deer Hornstone Hungary. page ; 37; 37 408 572 274; 274 271 113; 572 ; 74; 74 2«7 129 444 250 221 ; 428 410 403 421 402 83 281 432 301 355 428 331 81 101 336—337 40—48 92; 419 U9 562 114 101 552 151 423 68; 117 VII. 428 84 282 194 168; 149 274—276 110; 221 232 398; 400 433- 437 390; 498 Cupellation 115 428 391 412 111 137—138 247; 247 84 77 77 : 85 ; 92; 7S 152 99 109 230 116; 114 483 624 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE HuUenrauch {sec Pomphoiyx). IGLAU, Charter OF »* Incense in Cupellation Furnaces 472 Indications OF Ore 106; 107; 116 Ingeslarts (sec Shovellers). India. Steel 102 Zinc 423 409 iHlerventum 51. 50 Investment in Mines Zo « Iron -120; 3o4; 111 420 '...'.'. 11 116 420 Iron. Cast Censure of — Indications of Malleable Smelting *"-*?* Sulphur harmful to *'^ Iron Ace *;' Iron Filings (see also Iron-Scales) ... -^' Use in assaying 234; 238; 246 Iron Ore.. .\ssayingot "' Smelting of -, *2°-426 Iron-rust 116; 474; 1 HI Iron-scales " F'- sis 400 440 464 221 .\saflux 234; 235 Ironstone MO; 111 Italians.. Alluvial mining in Germany JM Italy.. Mining formerly forbidden o Jade 1" Japan. Steel. Jasper Jaspis ■ j^ingsVeve::::::;::;:;:. 310; 267. 28^ JOACHIMSTHAL First stamp-mill oi . oi Mining shares and profits 91; '* Jiidenslcm (see Lapis Judaicus). Juices '; , Agricola's theory *o . a^ Use in smelting gold Use in smelting silver Use in making nitric acid Use in parting gold from copper. Iron-slag. 423 111 ; 2 114 34 ; 49 34 ; 49 350 545 319 84 From springs and streams Stone juice Tastes of Juices, Solidified. Agricola's view of Extraction of metals from Preparation of Julian Alps. Stamp-milling in • Junctions (see Veins, Intersections of). J«rah (sec ]nrors). Jurors "• ** • "" ■ '° In English mining custom »J Relations to Bergmeister 9S ; 77 Justinian Code Mines Kalchstein (see Limestone). Kammschale Kaolinite (see Porcelain Clay). Kalzensilber (sec Mica). King. Deputy Right to a meer Kinstock (see Liquation Cakes, Exhausted). Kis (see Pyrites). KN0CKERs(s«e Gnomes). Kobelt (see Cobalt). Kolergang Vein Konigsberg. Fire-setting •;■ ■•• Kupterslas erte (s«« Copper &ance). 127 94 81 42 119 Kupferschicjer (see Copper Schists). KUTTENBliRG. Depths of shafts Labour Condition in Mining Title. 92; 83—85 Lacedaemonians (see Spartans). Lachler (see Fathom). Lauderways IN Shafts 124; 212 Ladle for Bullion 382 Lapis aerarius (see Copper Ore). Lapis alaband-.cits 380 Lapis Judauus 115; 115 Lapis spccidans (see Gypsuin). Laths (Lagging) '"' La Tolfa. __ Alum manufacture Joa Discovery of 5'"* Laurion (Laurium), Mt. (see Mt. Laurion, Mines of). Lautental, Liquation at 491 Law (see Mining Law). Law-suits over Shares in Mines... 94 Lead 354; 39U ; 110 Censure of '' Cupellation 464-483 Melting prior to liquation 500 In liquation cakes ... 505—506; 505. :iOfi Refining silver 483-490 Smelting of ores 388-392; 400 Use in assaying 232; 239; 242; 244; 249; 251 Washing in sluices 347 Lead-.ash 237; 237; 221 As a flux 234 Use in parting gold from copper ... 463 Lead Bath 381 Lead-glass 23fi Lead Granules 239; 463; 221 Leading (in liquation) 304; 507; 513; 491; 492; 504 Components of the charge 505 — 509 LEAD Ochre 232; 110; 221 Lead Ore. Assav methods 245—246 Roasting 275 Smelting in blast furnace 390; 408 Lease, in .\ustrauan Title 77 Leaves Preparation of Bullion into 444 Leberthal 24 Lees of aqua which separates Gold from Silver 234; 443; 221 AsafluK 234; 238 Lees OF Vinegar (see a/so Argol) ... 221 As a flux 234; 236; 243; 234 Lees of Wine Isee Argol). Lemnos, Island OF |j Lemnian Earth 31 Leprosy of House Walls (sec Salt- petre). Level (see o/so Drift) 101 Level, Plummet (see Plummet Level) Limestone H* ■ 221 As a flux 236; 390 LiMONITE "i Limp 267 LiNARFS. Hannibal's mines near LiPARi Islands. Alum from Liquated Silver-Lead (see Slannum and Silver-lead). Liquation 519-521; 491; 519 Ash-coIoured copper from 629 Buildings for *9l Furnace 515-518; 492 Historical note on ^94 Losses 491; »39 Nomenclature *92 Liquation Cakes 505-509; 492; 505; 506 Enrichment of the lead 512; 512 Extraction of silver from 512 From bye-products of liquation 539 — 540 From copper bottoms 512; 512 42 566 GENERAL INDEX. 623 Liquation Cakes. Proportion of lead in rich silver copper LiguATiON Cakes, Exhausted 521—526; 406; LiflUATioN Slags 009; Furnaces for Treatment of LiguAnoN Thorns 522; 539; 492; From cupcllation From " drying " copper lesidues... Litharge {^ee also C-upellalion) 475; 232—238; 466; 476; Use in reducing silver nitrate Use 111 smelting 379; Lithargyrum {see Litharge). Lodestone IIS; 111 Compass Los Pozos de Anibal Lotores [see Washers). LUSITANIA. Gold alluvial Sluices for gold washing Tin smelting Lute Preparation of for furnace hnings Lydia. Mining law The King's mines Lye 558; Use in making fluxes Use in parting 609 492 . 620 492; 641 507 541 539 ; 540 543 529 543; 110; 222 447 398; 400 ; 115; 2 57 42 347 325 419 1 375—376 83 27 221 ; 233 236 463 115; 584 247 39 111 221 217 6S1 86; 354 273 129 114 40H VI. 114 Magister MeluUn arum {see Bergmeister) Maqistey MoKeluriomm [see Master of the Mint). Magnes {see also Lodestone and Man- ganese) 584; 111 ; Magnet Garlic Magnetis (see Mica). Magnetite Malachite 109 Maladies of Miners 214 Maltha Manager {see Mine Manager). Manganese Mannsfeld Copper Slates 126—127; 279; 127; Map-making Marble 115; 2; Marcasite Ill; 112; Marga {see Marl). Marienberg XXXI; Marl Marmelstein {see Marble). Marmor {see Marble). M armor alabastrttes {see .Mabaster). Marmor glarea Massicot {see also Lead Ochre) 110 Master of the Horse Master or the Mint Matte {see Cakes of Melted Pyrites). Matte Smelting 404 — Measure (unit of mining area) 78; Measures 616 — 617; 78; Medicine. Knowledge necessary for miners ... Medulla saxorum [see Porcelain Clay). Meer Boundary stones On vena cutnulata On vena dilatata Meissen. Dumps from mines Melanteria 117; Indication of copper Melanterite Mflos, Island of Menning {see Red-lead). Mer^el {see Marl). Metals 2 Advantages and uses Necessity to man XXV; Not responsible for evil pas.sions... 221 ; 95 114 232 81 78 407 78 550 77- 112; -89 87 87 86 312 573 116 HI 566 51 20 12—13 15 163 297 114 84 19; 280 217 26; 77 77; 78 1 48; 51 2; 51 2; ; 01 25; 78 00; 22 21 23 217 30 33 26 -29 25; 26 42 283 4 -12 20; 23 44; 19; Metreta Mexico Patio process Mica Middle Ages, Mining Law of Mills for Grinding Ork 294 — 2! MiMEs(s« also Gnomes) Mine Caitain Mink Manager 97; 98; Mineral Kingdom, Agricola's Divisions of Minerals 594; 108; Compouud Mixed Miners 1 — 4; Duties and punishments 100; Law [see Mining Law). Litigation among Slaves as Mines. Abandonment of Conditions desirable investments in Management of Names of Mines Royal, Company of Mining [see also Sett, Lease, Claim, Meer, etc.). Criticisms of Harmless and honourable 14; Methods of breaking ore 117—118 Stoping 125 Mining Clerk 93; 95; 96; 78 Mining Companies [see Companies. Mining). Mining Foreman 98—99; 78 Frauds by 21 — 22 Mining Law 82 — Sti Boundary stones 87 Drainage requirements 92—93 England 84 — 86 Europe 84 Forfeiture of title 92—93 France 84 Greek and Roman 83 Middle Ages 84—85 Right of Overlord, Landowner, Stateand Miner 82 Tunnels 88—89 Mining Prefect 26; 94; 78 Mining Rights {see Mining Law and Meer). Mining Terms, Old English 77 ; 101 Mining Tools 149—153 Buckets for ore 153—154 Buckets for water 157 Trucks 156 Wheelbarrows 155 Mintum Ill Quicksilver from 433 Red-lead 232 Mtnium secundarium {see Red-lead). MispiCKEL (Mtstpuckel) HI A/Z5V (the mineral) 673; HI. 403 An indication of copper 116 Use in parting gold and silver 459 Mitlete und obere offenbrUche fsee Furnace Accretions). Modius 617; 405 Moglitz. Tin working 318 Moil 150 Molybdaena HO; 221 ; 476 ; 400; 408 Term for lead carbonates 400 ; 408 Molybdenite 477 Monetarius {see CoinersK Money, Assaying or 251 — 252 Morano Glass Factories 592 Moravia. Cupellation 483 Stamp-milling 321 Washing gold ore 324 Mordants 509 Mortar-box 279—280; 312; 319; 267 626 GENERAL INDEX. Mi. Mountains. '^^^ Forraalion of *" Mt. Bermius. Gold Mines oi Z« . •'' ... Laurion, Mines of ... 2T ; 27—29 ; 391 Crushing and concentration of ores Cupellation Mining law Smelling appliances XenopUon on Mt. Sinai. Ancient copper smelting 355; Muffle i'uRNACEs 224—228; Muffles 227; 239; Refining silver MuHLBERG, Battle of Murrhiua (see Chalcedony). Muskets Mycenae. Copper SUver-lead smelting 2S1 466 83 355 e 402 239 222 489—490 X. 11 402 391 Names of Mines Naphtha Native Copper Native Iron Native Minerals Native Silver Natron [see Niirum). Neolithic Furnaces Neusohl, Method of Screening Ore Newbottle Abbey NiTOCRis, Bridge of Nitric Acid {see also Aqua valens) ... 439—443; 400; Assay parting gold and silver Testing silver regulus with Use in cleaning gold dust Niirum (see a(so Soda) Nomenclature Mining law Minmg officials Nortel Conveyance of ore Normans. Mining Law in England Notary Nubia. Early gold-mining Nuremberg, Scale of Weights .... 42 581 109 HI 107 269; 109 365 290 36 391 439 ; 354 248 449 398 558; 110 I; 267 77; 78 77; 78 388 169 85 94; 78 399 264 441 ; 141; Obolus Ochra nativa Ochre Yellow Offenbriiche (s« Furnace Accretions). Olynthus. Betrayal to Philip of Macedon Operculum Orbii Ore {see various . metals, Assaying, Mining, etc.). Ore Channels {see Canales). Ore Deposits, Theory of ... XIU ; 43 Ore Dressing 267- Burning Hand spalling 271- Sorting 268- Or^ina '8 • Onchaliiim {see Aurtchttlcum) Orpiment lil Colour of fumes Harmful to metals Indication of gold, etc Roasted from ore I'se in assaying Outcrops Ox-blood in Salt Making 78; 1; 68 26 HI HI 9 222 137 -53 351 273 272 271 617 222 235 273 116 273 237 ; 43 552 27 465 462-464 Pactolus, Gold Sands of Park's Process Parting Gold from Copper Parting Gold from Silver 443—460; 458—463 Aniunory sulphide .. 451—452; t.'il— 452 : 461 Parting Gold from Silver. Cementation... 453—457; 453—454; Chlorine gas 458; Electrolysis 458 ; Nitric acid 443—447; 443; 447; Nitric acid (m assaymg) 247- Sulphur and copper ... 448 — 451 ; 448 ; Sulphuric acid 458; Partitions Passau, Peace of Passus 616 297- 458 462 462 460 249 461 462 493 IX. 78 -298 466 115 11 26; 27 XII. 47; 44 18 616 83 78 11 3 402 24 411—412 152—153 42 110 473 3 3 137 137 -330 Patio Process Pattinson's Process Peak, The {see High Peak). Pentremites Pergamum. Brazen ox of Mines near Peripatetics Theory of ore deposits View of wealth Persians. Ancient mining law Pes Pestles 231 ; 483 Petroleum 581 — 582 Phalaris. Brazen Bull of Philosophy. Knowledge necessary for miners. Phoenicians. Copper and bronze In Thasos Tin Picks Pickscheifer {see Ash-coloured Copper). Placer Mining 321—348 Ptetgeel {see Lead Ochre). Pletwets {see White-lead). Pleygang Vein Plumbago Plumbum landidum 110; 3; Plumbum cmereum HI ; Plumbum nigrum luteicoloris HO) Plummet Level. Standing 143; Suspended 145; 146; Pockets IN Alluvial Stuices 322- PoisoNOUS Fumes {see Fumes). Poland. Cupellation 483 Lead ore washing 347 Lead smelting 392 Paletae, Tablets of the 83 Poling Copper S31 — 538; 535 — 536 Pompeiopolis. Arsenic mine at Pompholyx ■■••■ 394; 113—114; From copper refinings From cupellation From dust-chambers From roasting ore Poisonous 214; Used for brass making Porcelain Clay Potash 558—559; 558; 233; In Sal arhficiosus Pottery, Egyptian POTOSl Pozosde Anibal, Los Pous Praefectus cuntculi Prae/eclus /odinae (see Mine Manager). Praefectus metallorum (see Mining Prefect). Praeses cunicutt Praeses fodmae (see Mining Foreman). Precious and Base Metals 439 Primgap *0 Procurator metallorum ^^ Prospecting ** Proustite "*' Pumps 171-200; 149 Chain 171-175 Ras and chain 188-200 617 111 403 538 476 394 278 215 410 lie 220 463 391 298 42 ; 78 78 78 GENERAL INDEX. 627 Pumps. page buciiou 175—188 Purgalor argenti [see Silver Refiner). PURSUR 77 PUTEOLI 501 Pyrargyrite 109 Pyriten argentum 408 Pyritks {see also Cakes of Melted Pyrites) 51; 111; 112; 1 As a llux 234 Assay for gold 243 In tin concentrates 348 Latin and German terms 222 Koasting 273 274 Roasting cakes of 349—351 Smelting for gold and silver 399; 401 Used m making vitriol 67b Pyrttes aerosus [see Copper Pyrites). Pyrites auret colons [see Copper Pyrites). Quartz [see also Stones which easily melt) lU As a flux 380 An indication of ore 118 Material of glass 380 Silver ore 113 Smelting of 401 Quarzutn [see Quartz). QUERTZE 380 QUICKSILVER 432; 2; 354; 111 Amalgamation of gilt objects 461 Amalgamation of gold dust 396 Amalgamation of gold ores 297; 297 Assaying methods 247 Ore 426—432 243 Use in assaying gold ore Rag and Chain Pumps Rake Veins Rammelsberg. Collapse of mines Discovery Early vitriol makmg Rauchstein Realgar 1; Colour of fumes Harmful to metals Indication of ore Roasted from ore Rederstein [see Trochttis). Red-lead 232; Use in parting gold from copper ... Use in parting gold from silver Refined Salt 454 ; Refinery for Silver and Copper Refining Gold from Copper ...... Refining Gold from Silver ReFINING-H EARTH Refining Silver 483 — 490; Refining Silver from Lead Reformation, The Re-opening of Old Mines Revival of Learning. Agricola's position in Reward Lease, in Australian Law Rhaetia Rhaetian .\lps. Stamp milling in Ring-fire Rio TiNTO Mines. Roman methods of smelting Roman water-wheels Risks of Mining RiTHER (ahorse) Roasted Copper 233; Roasting 273- Heap roasting In furnaces Mattes Prior to assaying Rocks Rock-salt Use in cementation Roman Alum 188-200 101 216 37 572 127 222 235 273 lie 273 111 110; 222 463 459 463; 233 491—498 462—464 443—458 492 465 ; 484 464 V; VIII. 217 XIII. 77 388 319 448 405 149 28—29 101 233 ; 222 -279; 267 274—275 276 349—351 231 119; 2 648; 222 454 665 454—457 441 474 460 463 236 242 234 463; 233 ; 2 PACE Romans. Amalgamation 297 Antimony 428 Brass making 410 Companies 90 Copper smelting 404 — 406 Mining law 83 Minium Company 232 Quicksilver 433 Roasting 207 Silver-lead smelting 392 Washing of ore 281 Rosette Copper 538; 536 Kosgeel [see Realgar). Ruby Copper 109; 402 Ruby Silver 51; 109 Assaying of 244 Cupellation 473 Rudis Ores 108 Rust [see Iron-rust). Sabines 9 Saigerdorner [see Liquation Thorns). Satgerwerk [see Stannum). .'salamander har [see -Asbestos). Salamis, Battle of 27 Sal-ammoniac 560; 660; 222 In cements for parting gold and silver In making aqua valens Uses in cupellation Uses in making aqua regia Uses in parting gold from copper... Sal artificiosiis 236; In assaying As a flux Salt 545; 556; 546; As a flux 234—238 Pans 545; 546 Solidified juice Use in cementation 454; Use in parting gold from copper .. 463 ; Use in smelting ores 396 ; Wells 546- Salt made FROM Ashes OF Musk Ivy 560; Sal torrelactus 242; 222; Sal tortus 233; 233; Saltpetre 561—564; 561; As a flux 233; 238—238; In smelting gold concentrates Uses in cementation Uses in making nitric acid 439; 440; Uses in melting silver nitrate Sampling Copper Bullion Sand Sandaraca [see Realgar). Sandiver [see Glass-galls). Say da [see Camelian). Saxony. High Peak customs from 77 Political state in Agricola's time. VIII ; Reformation Saxum calcts [see Limestone). Scales OF Fineness 253; Scapte-Hyle, Mines of schemnitz. -Age of mines Gunpowder for blasting Pumps Schist ■. Schistos [see Ironstone). Schlackenwald. Ore washing Schmalkalden League Schmalkalden War IX ; Schneeberg XXXI; Cobalt Depth of shafts Ore stamping Shares St. George mine 92; 74 Schwartf-alramerl (see Melanleria and Sory). 562; 245; 454; 447; 1 4.i4 464 400 547 233 233 222 222 247 398 454 454 447 249 117 85 IX. IX. 617 23 5 llfl 194 222 304 IX. X. VI. 435 102 281 91 76 628 GENERAL INDEX. PAGE SCORIFICATION AsSAY 239 ScoRiFiER 228; 230; 222 Assays in 238; 239 Screening Ore {see Sifting Ore). Screens {see also Screening) 267 In stamp-mill 315 Scriba fodinaium {see Mining Clerk). Scriba magtstri melaliicoruni {see Bergmeisler's Clerk). Scriba partium {^ee Share Clerk). Scum OF L.EAD FROM CUPELLATION ... 475 Scythians. Wealth condemned 9; 15 Seams IN THE Rocks 72; 43; 47 Indications of ore 67; 107 Sea-Water, Salt from 545 — 546 Sesterce 448 Sett 77 Settling Pits 316; 267 Sh »ft houses 102 Shafts 102—107; 122-124 Surveys of 129—135 Vetiae cumulatae 128 Shakes 101 Share Clerk 97; 93; 78 Share in Mines {see Companies, Mining). Shears for Cutting Native Silver 269 Shift 99; 32 Shoes (stamp) 285—286; 267 Shovellers 153; 169; 78 Stderttis {see Lodestone). Stegetstein {see Lodestone). Sieves. For charcoal 375 I'or crushed ore 287 — 293; 341 Sifting Ore 287—293 Signaior publuiis {see Notary). Stlberwets {see Mica). Saex 114; 118 Silver {see also Assaying, Liquation, Parting, Refining, efc)... 390, 3S4 ; 109 Amalgamation 297; 300 Assaying 248—251 Cupellation 464 — 483; 241 " Drying " copper residues from liquation 529 Enrichment in copper bottoms ... 510; 510 Exhausted liquation cakes 524 Indicated by bismuth, etc 116 Liquation 505—507; 506; 509; 512 Parting from gold {see Parting Gold and Silver). Parting from iron 544; 544 Precipitation from solution in copper bowl 444 Refining 483—490; 465; 484 Smelting of ores 381—382; 386; 388; 390; 400; 402 Use in clarification of nitric acid... 443 ; 443 Silver, Ruby {see Ruby Silver). Silver Glance 109 Assaying 244 Cupellation 473 Dressing 269 Silver-Lead Alloy {see Stanmim^ etc.). Silver Ores 109; 109 Assaying 242—244 Assaying cupriferous ores 245 Fluxes required in assaying 235 Smelting cupriferous ores 404 — 407 Silver-Plating 460 Silver Refiner 95; 78 Silver Refining {see Refining). Silver Veins 117 Singing by Miners 118 Sintering Concentrates 401 Slags {see also Liquation Slags) 222 From blast furnace 379; 381 From liquation 491; 492; 523 Slaves AS Miners 23; 83 In Greek mines 25; 25; 28 Slough (tunnel) 101 Sluices 319; 322—348 PAGB Smallite 113 Smalt 112 Syue§a 404 Smelters 78 Smelting {see also various metals) 379—390; 353—365 Assaying compared 220 Building for 355—361 Objects of 353 Smirgel {see Emery). Simris {see Emery). Smyrna. Mines near 27 Snake-bites 31 SoD\ {see also Nitrum)... 558; 559; 233; 222 As a flux 233; 234 Historical notes 658; 354 Solidified juice 1 Sole 101 Solidified Juices {see Juices, Solidified). Soli/iiga 216; 216 Sorters 78 Sorting Ore 268 — 271 Sory 112; 403; 573 Sows 376; 386; 376 Spain {see also Lusitania). Ancient silver-lead mines 149; 392 Ancient silver mines of Carthage 27 .Ancient tin mines 411 — 412 Spalling Ore 271 — 272 Spangen {see Trochitis). Spanschgriin {see Verdigris). Spartans. Gold and silver forbidden 9; 15 Interference with Athenian mines 27 Spat {see Heavy Spar). Spelter 409 Sphalerite 113 Spiauler 409 Spiesglas {see Stibium). Spines of Fishes for Cupels 230 Spodos 538; 394; 113; 114 Spuma argenti {see Litharge). Staffordshire. First pumping engine 149 Stalagmites 114 Stall Roasting 350 — 351 Stamp 267 For breaking copper cakes 501 — 503 For crushing crucible lining 373 — 375 Stamping Refined Silver 489 Stamp-mill 279—287; 281—282; 267 Wet ore 312—314; 319—321 Standing Plummet Level {see Plummet Level). Stannaries 85 Stannum 473; 2; 384; 492 Steel 423—426; 422—423; 354 Steiger 77 Steinmack {see Porcelain Clay). Stemple (stull) 101 Stephanite 109 Sternen Mine 92; 75 Steward (of High Peak mines) 77 St. George Mine (Schneeberg) ... 92; 74; 75 Stibium {see also .Antimony and Anti- mony Sulphide) ... 110; 428; 2: 221 Flux to be added to 235 In assaying 237—239 In cementation 458 — 460 Indication of silver 116 In making nitric acid 440 In parting gold and silver... 451 — 452; 459 In parting gold from copper 464 In treatment of gold concentrates 396 ; 397 Stibnite 428; 451 St. Lorentz Mine 74; 92 Stockwerke (see Vena cumulata). Stoics. Views on wealth 18 Stomoma 423 Stone Juice 46; 49 GENERAL INDEX. 629 Stones. page Agncula's view of 2; 40; -19 Various onltTS oi iusibility 380 " Stones which Easily Melt " {%ee a/so yuarU) 'Ml), 222 As a ttux 233; 236; 2;i3 In making nitric acid 440 In smelting 379; 380; 390 Smelting ot 401 Stool (of a drift) 101 Stope 126 Stoping 125 Venae cumulatae 128 Venae dilatalae 126; 127 Strake 303-310; 207. 2S2 Canvas 307—310; 314; 316; 2ii7 Egyptians 2SU Greeks 281 Short 306—307; 2m Wasfiing tin concentrates 341 — 343 Strata 126 Streaming 316—318 Stringers 70; 43; 47; 70 Indication of ore 106 Mining method 128 Styria 388 Subterranean Heat 4B ; 595 Suction Pumps 175—188 Sulphides 267; 355 Sulphur 578—581; 579; 222 Colour of fumes 235 Harmful to metals 273 In assaying 235— 238 In parting gold from copper 463 ; 402 In parting gold from silver 448—451; 448; 461 In smelting gold dust 396 Roasted from ores 273; 276 Solidified juice 1 Sulphur " not exposed to the Fire." 458; 463; 579 Surveyor's Field 137; 144; 142 Surveying 128—148; 129 Necessary for miners 4 Rod 137—138 Suspended Plummet Level (see Plummet Level). Swiss Compass 145; 137 Swiss Surveyors 145 Symposium 91 Tap-hole Tappets 282; Tapping-bar Tarshish, Tin Trade Tartar (Cream of) Tectum (Hangingwall) Terra sigillata {see Lemnian Earth). " Tests ", Refining Silver in 483—490; Thaler Thasos, Mines of 23 Theamedes Theodosian Code. Mines Thorns {see Liquation Thorns). Thuringia. Roasting pyrites Sluices of gold washing Tigna (Wall plate) Timbering. Of ladderways and shafts... 122; Of stopes Of tunnels and drifts Tin 411—413 ; Alluvial mining Assaying ore Assaying for silver Colour of fumes Concen trates 340 — 342 ; Cornish treatment Refining Smelting Stamp-milling Streaming 378; 386 319; 267 381 412 220 ; 234 101 465; 484 92 ; 95; 23 115 84 276 327 101 123; 124 126 124—125 354; 110 336—340 246 251 235 348—349 282 418-419 411—420 312—317 316—318 Tin. Washing 298; linear or Tincal {see Borax). liTHE Gatimiker 81 ; 95 Tithe cjn Metals loden Koj'tj Jo/sletn [see Tophus). Tolfa, La [see La Tolla). Tools lop/slem {see Tophus). Tophus 233 ; As a flux 233; Tortures. With metals Without metals Touch-needles 253— Touchstone 252—253; 252; 354; Mineral Uses 243; Trade-routes. Salt-deposits influence on Transport of Ore Trent, Bishop of. Charter (1185) Triangles in Surveying Tripoli Trochitis Trolley 480; Troy. Lead found in Troy Weights 616; Trucks Tunnels Law Surveys of Timbering Turin Papyrus Turn (winze) TuteneffUe 7 utlanego TUTTY Twitches of the Vein T» YER Tye Type. Stibium used for Tyrants. Inimical to miners Tyrolese. Smelting Ulcers 214; 31 Uncta (length) 78; 616; 78 L'Kfia (weight) 616; 242 Undercurrents {see Sluices). United States. Apex law 82 Vectiarii {see Windlass Men). Veins 43; 64—69; 106—107; 47 Barren 72; 107 Direction of Drusy 72; Hardness variable Indications Intersections of 65; 66; 67; Vena. Use of term Vena cumutata 46; 49; 70; Mining method Mining rights Vena dilalata 41 ; 45 ; 53 ; 60—61 ; Junctions with vena pro/u)ida Mining method 126—127 Mining rights 83 — 86 Washing lead ore from 347 Vena profunda 44 ; 51 ; 60 ; 62 ; 63 ; 68 ; 69 ; Cross veins Functions 65; 66; Mining rights Venetian Glass Factories In assaying 238; 245; 246 PAGE 302; 304 ; 98; 78 81 ; ; 82 235 149 153 114 , •)■>■> 237; 390 11 17 260; 233 458 ; 222 114 248; 447 546 168- -169 84 129- -137 115 115; 115 500; 514 391 617; 242 156 102; 101 88 i 93 130 141 124 129; 399 101 409 409 394 lOI 376 267 2; 429 32 388; 404 54 58 73; 107 117 35 -38 106; 107 43 ; 47 ; 43; 47 128 87 ; 43; 47 67 ; 68 43 ; 47 65 67; 68 79 83 222 592 630 GENERAL INDEX. Venetian Glass. In cupellation 474 Venice. Glass-factories 592 Parting with nitric acid 461 Scale of weights 264 Ventilation 200 — 212; 121 With bellows 207—210 With fans 203—207 With linen cloths 210 With windsails 200—203 Verdigris 440; 1; 110; 222 In cementation 454; 457 Indication of or« 116 In making nitric acid 440 In parting gold from copper 464 Vermilion. Adulteration with red-lead 232 Poisonous 215 Villacense Lead 239; 239 Vinegar. Use in breaking rocks 119; 118 Use in cleansing quicksilver 426 Use in roasting matte 349 Use in softening ore 231 Vtrguta divttia {see Divining Rod). Vitriol 571; 572; 403; 222; 1 In assaying 237—238 In cementation 454; 454 Indication of copper 116 In making nitric acid 439 — 440 In roasted ores 350 in sal artificiosus 463 Native Ill Native blue 109 Native white 113 Red 274 White 454 Volcanic Eruptions 695 Washers 78 Washing Ore {see also Concentration, Screening Ore, etc.) 300 — 31 0 Water-Bags 157—159; 198 Water-Buckets Water-Wheels 187; 283; Water-Tank, under Blast Fur- naces Wealth Wedges Weights... 260—264; 616—617; IVeisser Kts IVerckschuh Westphalia. Smelting lead ore Spalling ore Wheelbarrows Whims White-Lead 440; 354; White Schist 234; 390; Winding Appliances {see Hauling Appliances). Windlasses 160 Windlass Men Winds. Greek and Roman names Sailors' names Winds (winze) Windsails Winzes Wittenberg, Capitulation of Wizards. Divining rods Workmen WoUGHS PAGE 157—158 286; 319 356—357 7—20 150 242; 253 111 617; 78 391 272 154 164—167 110; 232 234; 222 171 ; 149 160; 78 58 59; 60 101 200—203 102 IX. 40 98; 100 101 Zaffre 112 Zeitz XI. Zinc {see also Cadmia, and Cobalt). Historical notes 408 — 410; 354 Minerals 112—113 ZiNCK {see Zinc). Zinc O.XIDES 113; 354 Zinc Sulphate {see Vitriol). Zincttm {see Zinc). Zoll 617; 78 Zwickau VI. Zwitler 110 INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES. Note. — The numbers in heavy type refer to the Text ; those in plain type to the Footnotes, .\ppendices, etc. PAGE Acosta, Joseph De 298 Aeschylus. Amber 35 Aesculapius. Love of gold 9 Africanus (alchemist) XXVII ; XXVIII Agatharchides. Cupellation 405 Egyptian gold mining 279; 391; 399 Fire-setting 118 .Agathocles. Money 21 Agaihodaemon (alchemist) XXVII; XXVIII Agricola, Daniel 60ti Agricola, Georg (a preacher at Freiberg) 606 page Agricola, Georgius. Assaying 220 Biography V— XVI Founder of Science XIV Geologist XII; 46; 53 Interest in (;o/(sfoo6 mine VII; 74 .Mineralogist XII; 108; 594 Paracelsus compared with XIV Real name V Works Appendix A See also : Bermannus. De Animantibiis. De Natura eorum, etc. De Natttra Fosstltum. De Ottu et Causis. De Peste. INDEX TO PERSONS AND AUTHORITIES. 631 De Precio Metallorum^ De Re Melallica. De Velertlms Metallis. Etc. Agricola, Ixudolph 606 Albert the Brave, Duke of Meissen VIII Albehtus Magnus (Albert von Bollstadt) XXX; 609 Alluvial gold 78 Cementation 460 Metallic arsenic Ill Metals 44 Saltpetre 662 Zinc 409 Albinus, Petrus V; 599 Cuntz von Gluck 24 Alpinus, Prosper 659 Alyattes, King of I.ydia. Mines owned by 26; 27 American Institute of Mining Engineers 38; 53 Anacharsis. Invention of bellows 302 Anacreon of Teos. Money despised by 9; 15 Anaxagoras. Money despised by 15 Anna, DAutinrhk of Agricola VII Anna, wife of Agricola VII Antiphanes. On wealth 19 Afullodorus 26 Apulejus (alchemist) XXVII; XXIX Archimedes. KinR Hiero's crown Machines .\rdaillon, ICdoi'ard. .Mt. Laurion ARISIIPPUS. Gold .\RIfTODE:iUS. Money Aristotle Amber Athenian mines Burning springs Coal CupcUatioD Distillation Lodestone Nitrum Ores of brass Quicksilver Silver from forest fires Theory of ore deposits Wealth of Arnold de Villa Nova. {See Villa Nova, Arnold de). Aihenaeus. Silver from forest fires Augurellus, Johannes Aurelius (alchemist) XXVI Augustinus Pantheus (alchemist). Augustus. Elector of Saxony ... Dedication of De Re Metalhca . ... Letter to Agricola Xll; 27 247 149 28. -MX ll'.ll 14 8 607 35 83 583 34 465 441 115 653 410 432 36 44 IS AVICENNA. 36 XXX XXVII IX XXV XV XXX ; 608 Bacon, Roger XXX; 609 Saltpetre 460; 562 Badoarius, Franciscus Balboa, V. N. db Ballon, Peter Barba, Alonso Barbarus, Hermolaus . .. Barrett, W. F Becher, J. J Bechius, Philip Beckmann, Johann. Alumen Amalgamation Nitrum Parting with nitric acid. Stamp-mills Stannuyn Tin XXVII V 559 300 . 1 XXVII 38 63 XV 565 297 659 461 281 473 *1? 8 ; 81 697 VI 111 433 113 112 381 477 234 102 409 609 492 : 14 614 XXVII 2117 220 242 410 413 636 406 466 494 586 462 267 420 112 28 XXIX 411 283 300 454 rAcn Her^bUrhletn (see Nulzltcn Bergbu.hlin). Tieigwrks Leiicon 37; 80 Herman, Lorenz VI; Hermaiinus 596; 699 Arsenical minerals Bismuth 3; Cadmia Cobalt Fluorspar Mnlyhtiaena Schist Shafts 7inc Berthflot, M. p. F. 429 ; Berthihr Bias of Priene. Wealth BiRINCurcio, Vanni'CCIO Agricola indebted to Amalgamation o' silver ores Assaying .^s'■ ■ ton Brass making Clarih mg nitric acid Coppei refining Copper smelting Cupellalion Lii: nation Manganese Parting precious metals... 451 ; 461 Roasting Steel making Zaffre Boeckh, August boerhaave, hermann borlase, w. c. Bronze celts BoELASE, William. Cornish miners in Germany . ... BoRN, Ignaz Kdler von boussingault, ]. b Boyle, Robert. Divining rod 38 Brough, Bennett 129 Bruce, J. C 392 Brunswick, Duke Henry of. (See Henry, Duke of Brunswick). Budaeus, William (Guillaume Bude) 461 ; 609 Cadmus 27 Calbus (see also NiUzlich Bergbiichlin), 610; XXVI; XXVII Alluvial gold 75 Caligula. Gold from auript^mentum HI Callides (alchemist) XXVII; XXVIII Callimachus. On wealth 19 Camerarius VIII Canides (alchemist) XXVII; XXVIII Carew, Richard. Cornish mining law 86 Cornish ore-dressing 282 Carlyle, W. a. Ancient Rio Tinto smelting 405 Carne, Joseph. 