None
Engine frames or bed-plates, 817 Engines (see Steam-engines) blowing, 526 gas, 847 gasoline, 850 hoisting, 908 hot-air, 851 marine, sizes of steam-pipes, 674 naphtha, 851 petroleum, 850 steam, 742-847 triple-expansion steam, 769 winding, 909 Epicycloid, 50 Equalization of pipes, 491 Equation of payments, 14 Equations, algebraic, 34 Equilibrium of forces, 418 Equivalent orifice, 533 Erosion by flow of water, 565 -Evaporating by exhaust-steam, 465 Evaporation and drying, 462 by the multiple system. 465 from open channels, 463 from reservoirs, 463 latent heat of, 461 salt-making, 463 table of factors of, 695 total heat of, 46:) Evaporators, fresh-water, 1016 Weir's, 847 Evolution, 7 Exhaust-steam for heating, 780 Exhausters, steam-jet. 527 Expansion by heat, 459 of iron and steel, 385 of steam, 742 of steam, real ratios of, 750 of wood, 311 Explosive energy of steam-boilers, 720 Exponents, theory of, 36 Exponential functions, in calculus, 78 External conduction, rate of, 470 Eye-bars, tests of, 304, 393 Factor of safety, 314 in steam-boilers, 700 Factors of evaporation, tables, 695 Fahrenheit and Centigrade table, 450 Failures of steel, 403 Falling bodies, 423-426 Fans and blowers, capacity, 517 centrifugal, 518 efficiency, 520 efficiency of ventilation by, 533 pressure, 513 properties of, 512 Feed-pumps, 843 Feed-water, cold, strains caused by, 727 heater, Weir's, 1016 heaters, 727, 1073 purifying, 554 Fibre-graphite, 945 Fifth roots and fifth powers, 102 Fink roof-truss, 446 Fire, temperature of, 622 Fire-brick, sizes of, 233, 234 Fire-clay, analysis of, 234 Fire-engines, capacities o', 580 Fireless locomotive, 8b6 Fire-proof buildings, 1020 Fire-streams, 579 Flagging, transverse strength of, 313 Flanges, pipe, 192. 193 Flat plates in steam-boilers, 7C1, 705 plates, strength of, l'83 Flexure of beams, 267 Flooring material, weight of, 281 Floors, strength of, 1019, 1021 Flow of air in pipes. 485 of air through orifices, 484 of compressed air, 489, 493 of gas in pipes, 657 of metals, 973 of steam in pipes, 669 of water from orifices, 555, 584 of water in house service pipes, 5<S of water over weirs, 586 Flowing water, horse-power of, 589 measurement, 582 Flues, collapse of, 265 corrugated, British rules, 266, 702 corrugated, U. S. rules. 709 (see also Tubes and Boilers) Fly-wheels, 817-824 arms of, 820 centrifugal force in, 820 diameter of, 821 strains in rims, 822 thickness of rims, 823 wire-wound, 824 wooden, 823 Flynn's formula, flow of water, 562 Foot, decimals of, in fractions of inch. 112 pound, unit of work, 428 Force of a blow, 430 centrifugal, 423 expression of, 429 moment of, 416 of acceleration, 427 representation of, 415 unit of, 415 Forced draught in marine practice* 1015 Forces, composition of, 415 equilibrium of, 418 parallel, 417 parallelogram of, 416 parallelopipedon of, 416 polygon of, 416 resolution of, 415 Forcing and shrinking fils, 973 Forging, broken anchor, 297 hydraulic, 618, 620 iron, 297 locomotive, 297 tool-steel, 413 Foundry, the, 946-956 iron, analysis, 371 iron, chemistry of, 370 irons, grades, 372 practice, 950 Fractions, 2 Francis's formula for weirs, 586 Freezing of water, 550 French measures and weights, 21-26 INDEX. 1089 Friction and lubrication, 928-945 brakes, 980 car-journals, 937 Morin's law of. 933 of air in passages, 531 of steam-engines, 941 pivot-bearings, 939 rollers, 940 work of, 938 Friotional heads, flow of water, 577 Fuel, 620-651 analysis of gases, 622 bagasse as, 643 economizers, 715 gas, 646 miscellaneous solid, 642 peat or turf, 643 pressed, 646 rise of temperature, 623 sawdust, 643 straw as, 643 theory of combustion of, 620 temperature of fire, 622 weight of, 170 wet tan bark, 643 Fuels, classification of, 623, 624 Furnace, downward-draught, 635, 712 kinds of, for different coals, 635 formulae, 702 Furnaces, corrugated, 266, 702, 709 for boilers, 711 gas-fuel, 651 use of steam in, 650 Fusible alloys, 333 plugs for boilers, 710 Fusibility of metals, 169 Fusing-disk, Reese's, 966 Fusing of wires by electric currents, 1037 temperatures, 455 #. value of, 424 Gallons and cubic feet, table, 122 Galvanic action, corrosion by, 386 Galvanized wire rope, 228 Gas, ammonia, 992, 993 calorific equivalents, 654 engines, 847 engines, efficiency of, 848 engine test, 849 fired steam-boilers. 714 flow of, in pipes. 657 for small furnaces, 651 fuel, 646, 1072 illuminating, 651 illuminating, fuel value of, 656 natural, 649 pipe, sizes and weights, 188, 194 producers, 649, 650 sulphur-dioxide, 992 water, 648-652 Bases, absorption of, 480 Avogadro's law, 479 expansion of, by heat. 459 flow of, 480 heat of combustion of, 456 law of Charles, 479 Mariotte's law, 479 properties, 816 Gases, specific heat of, 458 weight and specific gravity of, 166 waste, use under boilers, 689, 690 Gasoline-engines, 850 Gauges, wire and sheet-metal, 28-32 Gear, reversing, 816 teeth, strength of, 900-905 wheels, properties of. 891 Gearing, annular and differential, 898 comparison of formulas, 902, 903 cycloidal teeth, 892 dimensions of, 890 efficiency of, 899 frictional, 905 involute teeth, 894 of lathes, 955 speed of, 905 spiral, 899 strength of, 900 toothed -wheel, 439, 887-906 twisted teeth. Heat, latent, 461 latent, of evaporation, 462 latent, of fusion. 461 melting-points, 455 of combustion, 456 radiation of, 467 specific, 457 storing of, 789 transmission, in condenser tubes, 473 transmitting power of substances, 478 unit, 455, 660 Heaters, feed-water, 727 Heating a building to 70° F., 545 and ventilation, 528-546 blower system of, 545, 1071 by electricity, 546, 1052 by exhaust steam, 780 by hot water, 542 greenhouse by steam, 541 of electric conductors, 1033 of large buildings, 534 surface of boilers, 678 Heine boiler, test with different coals, 688 Helical springs, capacity, 349 for locomotives, 353 steel, 347 Helix, 60 Hobson's hot-blast pyrometer, 453 Hodgkinson's formula, 246 Hoisting, 906-916 coal, 343 engines, power of, 908 pneumatic, 909 rope, 340 rope, stress, 915 weight and strength. P06 Hollow cylinders, collapse of, 264 Hooks, hoisting, 907 Horse-gin, 434 work of a, 434 Horse-power, 429 constants, 757, 758 electrical, 1041 of flowing water, 589 of steam-boilers, 677. 679 of steam-engines, 755 power- hours, 429 Hose, friction losses in, 580 Hot-air engines, 851 Hot boxes, experiments on, 938 Hot water, diameter of pipes, 543 rules for heating by, M4 velocity of flow, 542 Howe truss, 445 Humidity in atmosphere, 483 Hydraulic apparatus, 616 engine, 619 formulae, 557 machinery, friction of, 616 pipe, 191 ram, efficiency of, 614 ram, water delivered by, 615 riveting- machines, 618 Hydraulics, flow of water, 555-588 forging, 618 grade-line, 578 Hydraulics, power, 617 pressure transmission, 616 ram, 614 speed of hoisting by, 617 thickness of cylinders, 617 Hydrometer, 165 Hygrometer, dry- and wet-bulb, 483. Hyperbola, equation of, 71 construction of, 49 Hyperbolic, logarithms 156 curve in indicator-diagrams, 759 Hypocycloid, 50 I-beams, sizes and weights, 177 properties of, 272 spacing of, 276 Ice and snow, 550 Ice-making machines, 981-1001 manufacture, 999 Illuminating gas, 651 fuel value of, 759 Impact of bodies, 431 Incandescent lamps, 1049 Inches and fractions, decimals of a foot, 112 Inclined plane. 437 planes, hauling on, 913, 915 planes, motion on, 428 Incrustation and scale, 551, 71& India rubber, tests of, 316 Indicated horse-power, 755 Indicator diagrams, 754, 759 errors. 756 pendulum rigs, 759 tests of locomotives, 863 water-consumption, 760 Indirect-heating surface, 537 Inertia, 415 moment of, 247, 419 of railroad trains, 853 Injectors, 725 Inspection of steam-boilers, 720 Insulators, electrical, 1029 Integral calculus, 79 Integrals, integration, 73, 74 of differential forms, 78, 79 Intensifier, hydraulic, 619 Interest and discount, 13 compound, 14 Interpolation, formula for, 1070 Involute gear-teeth, 894 construction of, 52 Involution, 6 Iridium, 167 Iron, 167 bars, sizes of, 170 bars, strength of, 297 bars, weight of, 171 bridges, 385 corrosion of. 385 durability of. 385 forgings, locomotive, 297 manganese plating, 387 preservative coatings for, 389 shearing strength of, 306 stay-bolt, 379 Iron and steel boiler-plate. 383 classification of. 364 cold-rolling of, 393 INDEX. 1091 Iron and steel, expansion of, 385 inoxidizable surfaces, 386 rustless coatings, 386 sheets, weight of, 32, 174 specifications, Pennsylvania Rail- road. 378 strength of, 296-300 strength at high temperature, 382 strength at low temperature, 383 Irregular figure, area of, 55, 56 solid, volume of, 64 Irrigation canals, 564 Isothermal expansion, 742 Japanese alloys, 326 Jet condensers, 839 propulsion of vessels, 1014 Jets, vertical water, 579 Joints, riveted, 354-363 double-riveted, 358 efficiency of, 359 Joule's equivalent, 456 Journal-bearings, 810-815 bearings, cast-iron, 933 friction, 930-939 Journals, engine, 810-815 Kerosene for scale in boilers, 718 Keys and set-screws, 977 for mill-gearing;, 975 holding power of, 977 Kinetic energy, 429 King-post truss, 442 Kirkaldy's tests of materials, 296 Knot, or nautical mile, 17 Knots in ropes, 344 Kutter's formula, 559 Lacing of belts, 883 Ladles, foundry, sizes of, 953 Latent heat, 461 heat of evaporation, 461 heat of fusion, 459-461 Lathes, change gears, 956 cutting speeds, 954 H. P. required, 961 rule for setting taper in, 956 Lap and lead of a valve, 829-833 Lead, 167 pipe, 200, 201 Leakage of steam in engines, 761 Least common multiple, 2 Leather, strength of. 302 Le Chatelier's pyrometer, 451 Levelling by barometer, 482 Lever, the bent, 436 Levers, 435 Lignites, Western, 631 Lime, weight of, 170 Limestone, strength of, 313 Limit gauges for screw-threads, 205 Lines of force, 1058 Link motion, 834, 1077 Links, engine, 816 Lintels, bearings and supports, 1020 Liquation of alloys, 323 Liquid measure, 18 Liquids, expansion of, 461 weight and specific gravity, 1G4 Locomotive, flreless, 866 Locomotives, 851-866, 1075 American types, 858 compounding, advantages, 863 counterbalancing, 864 dimensions of, 859-862 fire-brick arches, 856 forgings, 297 free-steaming, 855 grate-surface, boiler,855 link motion, 1077 performance, 1076 petroleum-burning, 865 size of cylinders, 854 size of boilers, 855 tests of, 863 tractive power, 856 waste of fuel, 863 water-consumption, 862 Wootten's, 855 Logarithmic curve, 71 sines, etc., 162 Logarithms, hyperbolic, 156 differential of, 77 of numbers, 127-155 Logs, lumber, etc., weight of, 232 Loop, the steam, 676 Loss of head in pipes, 573 Low moor iron bars, 297 Lubricating-oils, examination of, 944 Lubricants, amount of oil to run an- engine, 943 relative value, 942 solid, 945 Lumber, weight of, 232 Machines, elements of, 435 Machine-shop, the, 953-978 shop practice, 953 shops, power used in, 965 screws, 208. Marble, strength of, 302 Marine engineering, 1001-1018 engine, horse-power of, 766 engine practice, 1015 engine, feed-pump for, 843 engine, thickness of cylinder, 792 engine, three-stage expansion, 1017- 10!<9 engine, triple-expansion, 815 engine, ratio of cylinders, 766, 773 Marriotte's law, 479, 742 Masonry materials, strength of, 312 materials, weight and sp. gr., 166 Mass, 427, 429 Materials. 163-235 strength of, 236-412 Maxima and minima, 76 without the calculus, 1070 Measures and weights, 17 of work, power, and duty, 27 Measurement of air, 491 of elongation, 243 Mechanical equivalent of heat, 456 . powers (see Elements of Machines), 435 stokers, 711 Mechanics, 415-447 elements of, 435 Mekarski compressed-air tramway, 510 Meli ing-points of substances, 455 Memphis bridge, strains on steel, 381 Mensuration, 54 Mercurial thermometer, 448 Mercury, 168 bath pivot, 940 Merriman's formula for columns. 260 Mt;v,ir6 and Nouel's pyrometer, 453 Metaline, 945 Metals, flow of, 973 properties of, 167 specific gravity of, 164 table for calculating weight of, 169 Metric conversion tables, 22-26 measures and weights, 21, 22 Meters, water, 579 Mil. circular, 18, 29 Milling cutters, 957 cutters for gears, 892 machines, results with, 959 pitch of teeth, 957 speed, 958 Mill-power, 589 Miner's inch, 18 inch measurement, 585 Mine-ventilating fans, 521 ventilation, 531 Modulus of elasticity. 237, 314 Moisture in steam. 728 Molesworth's formula, flow of water, 562 Moment of force, 416 of inertia, 247, 419 statical, 417 Momentum, 428 JMonn's laws of friction, 933 Mortar, strength of, 313 Motion, formulae for, 4^ Newton's laws of, 415 on inclined planes, 428 Motion, perpetual, 432 retarded, 424 Motor, electric, 1066, 1067 Motors, compressed-air, 507 Moulding-sand, 952 Bloving strut, 436 Mules, power of. 435 Multiphase currents, 1070 Mushet steel, 40(J Nails, 213, 215 screws, etc., holding power, 289-291 Naphtha-engines, 851 Napier's rule for flow of steam, 669 Natural gas, 649 Nautical measure, 17 Newton's laws of motion, 415 Nickel, 168 alloys, 326, 332 SI eel, 406 steel, tests of, 408 Nozzles, measurement oi water by. 584 Nuts and bolts, 209, 211 Ohm, definition of, 1025 Ohm's law, 1030 Oil, fire- test, 944 lubricating, 944 needed for engine?., 943 paraffine, 944 well, 945 weight per gallon. 944 Open-hearth steel, 391 Ores, weight of, 170 Oscillation, centre of, 421 Oxen, power of, 435 Ordiuates, 69 TT, value of, 57 Packing-rings, engines, 796 Paddle-wheels, 1013 Paint, qualities of, 387 Painting wood and iron structures, 38* Parabola, construction of, 48 equation of, 70 Parabolic conoid, 63 Parallel forces, 417 Parallelogram, 54 of forces, 416 Parentheses, 33 Partial payments, 15 Peat or turf, 643 Pelton water-wheel, 597 Pendulum, 422 conical, 423 Percussion, centre of, 422 Perforated plates, excess strength of 359 strength of, 354 Permutation, 10 Perpetual motion, 432 Petroleum, 645 as fuel, 645, 646 burning locomotive, 865 distillates of, 645 engines, 850 Lima. 645 metallurgical fuel, 646 INDEX. 1093 ^etroleum products, specifications, 944 value of, 645 ^hosphor-bronze, 327, 334 springs, 352 wire, 225 Phosphorus, influence of, on cast-iron, 367 influence of. on steel, 389 iezometer, the, 583 Pig iron, analysis of, 371 chemistry of, 370 grading of. 365 influence of silicon, etc., on, 365 tests of, 369 'illars, strength of, 246 'ipe fittings, cast-iron, 187 flanges, 193 lead, 200, 201 riveted, 197 sheet-iron hydraulic, 191 spiral riveted, 197 'ipes, air-bound, 579 and cylinders, contents of, 120, 121 cast-iron, strength of. 251 cast-iron, thickness of, 188, 190 cast-iron, weight of, 185, Ib6 coiled, 199 effect of bends in, 488, 578, 672 flow of air in, 485 flow of gas in, 657 flow of steam in, 669 flow of water in. 557 | loss of head in, 573 riveted, safe pressures in, 707 steam, for steam -hear ing. 540 steam, sizes for ^ngines, 673 table for equalizing, 491 water, riveted, 29") wrought.-iron and st^el, 194, 295 Piston-rods, 796-798 Piston packing-rings, 796 valves, 834 Pistons, steam-engine, 795 Pitch, diametral, 888 of gears, 887 of rivets, 357-359 of screw propellers, 1012 Pitot tube gauge, 583 Pivot-bearings, 939 Plane surfaces, mensuration. 54 ?lane, inclined (see Inclined Plane) Planer, heavy work 960 cutting speed of, 954 Plate girder, 297 Plate iron, weight of. 175 steel, classification, 399 Plates, brass and copper, 202 riveted steel, 299 single-riveted, 357 square feet in, 123 strength of, for boilres, 705 Platinum, 168 wire, 225 Pneumatic hoisting, 909 postal transmission, 509 Polyedrons, 62 Polygon of forces, 416 Polygons, constitution of. 42 Polygons, table of, 55 tables of angles of, 44 Population of the United States, 13 Portland cement, 302 Postal transmission, pneumatic, 509 Potential energy, 429 Powell's screw-thread, 975 Power, animal, 433 of a fall of water, 588 of ocean waves, 599 - rate of work, 429 stations, electric, 1050 Powers of numbers, 7, 33 Pratt truss, 443 Pressed fuel, 632 Presses, punches, etc., 972 Prism, measures of, 60 Prismoid, 61 rectangular, 61 Prismoidal formula, 62 Problems geometrical, 37-52 in circles, 39. 40 in lines and angles, 37, 38 in polygons, 42 in triangles, 41 Producer-gas, 649 Progression, arithmetical and geo- metrical, 11 Prony brake. Purifying feed-water, 554 Pyramid, 60 Pyrometers, 451-453 Pyrometry, 448-454 Quadratic equations, 35 Quadrature of a plane figure, 74 of surfaces of revolution, 75 Quadruple-expansion engines, 772 Quantitative measurement of heat, 455 Quarter-twist belts, 883 Queen-post truss, 442 Radiating and reflective power, 468 surface, rules for, 536 Radiation of heat, 467 Radiators, transmission of heat by, 475-477, 545 Radius of gyration, 247, 420, 421 of oscillation, 421 Railroad axles, 383 trains, resistance of, 851 Rail-steel, specifications, 401 Rails, maximum safe load on, 865 steel, strength of, 298 Railway trains, speed of, 859 Railways, narrow-gauge, 865 Ram, hydraulic, 614 Ratio and proportions, 5 Reamers, taper, 972 Recalescence of steel, 402 Receive r-space in engines, 766 Reciprocals of numbers, 80 use of, 85 Red lead as a preservative, 389 Reduction, descending and ascend- ing, 5 Reflection of heat, 468 Refrigerating-machines, 981-1001 air-machines, 983 actual performance, 994 ammonia-absorption, 984 ammonia-compression, 983-987 ether-machines, 983 heat balance, 990 ice-melting effect, 983 liquids for. 982 pipe coils for, 985 properties of brine, 994 properties of vapor, 993 relative efficiency. 988 sulphur-dioxide,' 985 temperature range, 991 test trials, 990 use of water-vapor, 988 Registers and air-ducts, 539 Regnault's experiments on steam, 661 Resilience, 238 elastic, 270 Resistance, electrical, 1028 electric, of copper wire, 1030 electric, of steel, 403 of ships, 1002 of trains, 851 to repeated stresses, 238 Resolution of forces, 415 Retarded motion, 424 Rhombus and rhomboid. 53 Rivet iron and steel, 363 Riveted iron pipe, 197 Riveted lap-joints, double, 35 < proportions, 358 Riveted joints, 299, 303, 354-362 drilling vs. punching of holes, 355 Fairbairn's experiments, 354 results of research, 356 Riveted pipes, flow of water in, 574 plates, single, 357 steel plates, 297 Riveting, efficiency of different meth ods, 355 Riveting-machines, hydraulic, 618 of steam-boilers. 1095 Screw threads, metric, 956 threads, standard, for bolts, 207 threads. United States, 204 Screw-bolts, efficiency of, 974 Screws and screw-threads, 974 holding power of, 290 machine, 208, 209 Secant of an angle, 65 Sectors and segments, 59 Sediment in steam-boilers, 717 Seeger's fire-clay pyrometer, 453 Segments of a circle, table, 116 Segregation in steel ingots, 404 Separators, steam, 728 Set-screws, holding power of, 977 Sewers, grade of, 566 Shaft-bearings, 810 governor, 833 Shafting. 867-872 deflection of, 868 H.P. Statical moment, 417 Stay-bolt, iron, 319 Stay-bolts for boilers, 710 Stayed surfaces, strength of, 286 Stays for boilers, 703, 710 "Jteam, 6,59-676 boiler, water-tube, 688, 689 boilers, 677-740 boilers, air-space in grate, 681 boilers, allowable pressures, 706 boilers, economy of, 682 boilers, efficiency of, 635, 683 boilers, explosive energy of, 720 boilers, factor of evaporation, 695 boilers, factor of safety, 700 boilers, feeding, 1073 boilers, forced draught, 714 boilers, flues and massages, 680 boilers, gas-fired, 714 boilers, grate-surface of, 678, 680 boilers, heating air-supply to, 687 boilers, heating-surface of, 678 boilers, height of chimney for, 735 boilers, horse-power of, 677 boilers, hydraulic test of, 700 boilers, incrustation and scale, 716 boilers, materials for, 700 boilers, measure of duty of, 678 boilers, performance of. 681 boilers, Philadelphia inspection rule, 708 boilers, proportions of, 678 boilers, rules for construction, 7'00, 1073 boilers, safe working pressure, 707 boilers, strength of, 700 boilers, tests of, 685 boilers, tests, rules for, 690-695 boilers, tests with different coals, 636, 688 boilers, tubulous, 686 boilers, using waste gases, 689 boilers, use of zinc in, 720 domes on boilers, 711 dry, identification of, 730 engine constants, 756-758 engine cylinders, 792-795 engine, spherical, 792 engines, 742-847 engines at Columbian Exhibition, 774 engines, calculation of mean effec- tive pressure, 744 engines, compound, 761 engines, Corliss, 773 engines, Corliss condensing, 780 engines, cost of different sizes, 1075 engines, counterbalancing, 788 engines, cylinder-condensation, 752 engines, dimensions of parts of, 792- 817, 1074 engines, economy at various speeds, 786 engines, economic performance, 775 engines, economy of various sizes, 785, 786 engines, economy with varying loads, 784 engines, effect of compression, 751 Steam-engines, effect of water in steam, 781 engines, efficiency of, 749 engines, efficiency of non-condens- ing compound, 784 engines, feed-water consumption of, 753, 760, 775 engines, frames of, 817 engines, friction of, 941 engines, foundation of, 789 engines, leakage of steam in, 761 engines, limitation of speed, 787 engines in electric stations, 785 engines, marine, 1015 engines, mean effective pressure in, 758 engines, measures of duty, 748 engines, most economical point of cut-off, ?77 engines, non-condensing, 778 engines, performance of, 775-789 engines, piston-speeds of, 787 engines, power-plant at World's Fair, 774 engines, preventing vibrations, 789 engines, proportions of cylinders. 765 engines, putting on centre, 834 engines, quadruple-expansion, 772 engines, relative economy of, 780 engines, rotary, 791 engines, steam-consumption, 785 engines, three-cylinder, 815 engines, three-stage expansion, 1017, 1019 engines, triple-expansion, 7G9 engines, triple-expansion, annular- ring method, 769 engines, triple-expansion, diameter cylinders, 773 engines, triple-expansion, double- tandem, 773 engines, triple-expansion, non-con- densing, 779 engines, triple-expansion, propor- tioning cylinders, 771 engines, triple-expansion, relative economy, 781 engines, triple-expansion, sequence of cranks, 772 engines, two- vs. three-cylinder, 781 engines, vertical high-speed, 777 engines, water-consumption, 783 expansive working of, 769 flow of, 668 flow of, in pipes, 6C9 heat, storing. 789 heating, 536-540 heating greenhouse, 541 jacket, influence of, 787 jet blowers, 527 loop, 676 loss of pressure in pipes, 671 mean pressures, 743 moisture in, 728 pipe coverings, 469 pipes, copper, 674, 676 pipes, loss from uncovered, 67p nines, marine. 1010 INDEX. 1097 Steam-pipes, overhead, 537 pipes, size of, for engines, 6T3 pipes, valves in, 675 pipes, wire-wound, 675 power, cost of, 790 power, cost of coal for, 789 superheated, 661 supply mains, 539 table of properties of, 659 temperature, pressure, etc., 659-662 turbines, 791, 1075 vessels, dimensions, horse-power, etc., 1006-1009 vessels, coefficient of performance, 1003 vessels, trials of, 1007 water in, effect of, on economy of engines, 781 work of, in a single cylinder, 746, 749 Steel, 389-414 aluminum, 409 analyses and properties of, 389 and iron, classification, 364 annealing, 413 at blue heat, 395 axles, 299 beams, safe load, 269 Bessemer, 390-392 blooms, weight of, 176 bridge links, 297 castings, 405 castings, strength of, 299 chrome, 409 cold-drawing of, 305 columns, 256-261 composition of, 389 compressed, 410 crucible, 410 effect of hammering, 412 effect of heat on, 412 effect of nicking, 402 effect of oxygen on, 391 electric conductivity of, 403 failures of, 403 for car-axles, 401 for rails, 401 hardening of soft, 393 manganese, 407 Mushet, 409 nickel, 407 open-hearth, 391, 392 plates, 297, 400 plates, Bessemer, strength of, 390 plates, riveted, 299 propeller shafts, 299 rails, strength of, 298 recalescence of, 402 segregation in, 404 shearing strength, 306 soft, hardening of, 393 specific gravity of, 403, 411 specifications for, 397 spring, 299 strength of, 297-303, 389 structural, 272, 405 struts, 259 tempering, 412, 414 tires, strength of, 298 Steel, treatment of, 394 tungsten, 409 use in structures, 405 variation in strength of, 398 water-pipes, 295 working stresses for, 966 Stoker, under-feed, 712 Stokers, mechanical, 711 Stone, strength of, 302, 312 Stone-cutting with wire, 966 Stones, etc., weight and sp. gr., 166 Storage-batteries, 1055 Storing steam-heat, 789 Strains allowed in bridge members, 262-264 unit, in structural iron and steel, 379 Straw as fuel, 643 Stream, horse-power of a, 589 Streams, measurement of, 584 Strength of boiler-heads, 285 or bolts, 292 of columns, 246, 250-261 compressive, 244 of flat plates, 283 of glass, 308 of masonry materials, 312 of materials, 236-414 of materials, Kirkaldy's tests, 296 of stayed surfaces, 286 of structural shapes, 272-280 of timber, 309, 1023, 1069 of un stayed surfaces, 284 of water-pipe, 251 tensile, 242 torsion al. 367 influence of, on steel, 389 Surface condensers, 840-844 Surfaces, unstayed flat, 284 Suspension cable-ways, 915 1098 INDEX. T shapes, steel, 180, 278 Tail-rope system of haulage, 913 Tan bark as fuel, 643 Tangent of an angle, 65 Tangents, sines, etc., table of, 159 Tank-plates, 399 Tanks, cylindrical, 121, 126 rectangular, gallons in, 125 Taimate of soda for boiler-scale, 718 Tap-drills, 970, 971 Taper bolts, pins, reamers, 972 Taper, in lathes, 956 Tapered wire ropes, 916 Taylor's rules for belting, 880 theorem, 76 Tee-bars, 278 Tees, Pencoyd, sizes and weights, 180 Teeth of gears, forms of, 892 proportions of, 889 Telegraph-wire, 217-221,224 Telescope, pyrometer, 453 Temperature, absolute, 461 effect on strength, 309, 382 stresses in iron, etc., 283 Temperatures in furnaces, 451 judged by color. 454 Tempering steel, 414 Tenacity of metals, 169 of metals at different temperatures, 309, 382 Tensile strength, 242 strength, increase by twisting, 241 Tension and flexure, stresses, 282 Terra-cotta, 181 Testing materials, precautions in, 243 Test-pieces, comparison of small and large, 393 standard shapes, 243 Tests of materials, 303 Thermal unit, British, 455, 660 Thermodynamics. 478 Thermometers, 448 Three-cylinder engine, 815 Three-stage engine, 771 Tidal power, utilization of, 600 Tie-rods for brick arches, 281 Tiles, sizes and weights, 181 Timber measure, 20, 21 strength of, 309 Time, measure of, 20 Tin, 168 roofing, 181, 182 Tires, steel, strength of, 298 Tobin bronze, 327, 334 Toggle-joint, 436 Tonnage of vessels, 19, 1001 Tool-steel, heating, 412 Tools, metal-cutting, 955 Toothed-wheeled gearing, 439 Toothed wheels, proportions of, 889 Torsion, elastic resistance, 282 of shafts, 806 Torque of an armature, 1061 Torsional strength, 281 Tower spherical engine, 792 Track bolis. 210 spikes, 212 Tractive power of locomotives, 857 Tractrix, or Schiele's curve, 50 Trains, resistance of, 851. 1099 Vapors used in refrigerating-ma- chines, 982 Varnishes, 3»7 Velocities, parallelogram of, 426 Velocity, angular, 425 Ventilating-ducts, discharge of, 530 fans, 517-525 Ventilation and heating, 528-546 blower system of, 545 by a steam-jet. 527 efficiency of, 533 of large buildings, 534 Ventilators for mines, 521 Vcmturi meter, 583 Versed sine of an arc, 65 Vessels (see Steam-vessels) Vertical high-speed engines, 777 Vibrations of engines, preventing, 789 Vis- viva, 428 Volt, definition of, 1025 Warehouse floors, 1019 Warren girder, 445 Washers, sizes of, 212 Water, 547-554 analyses of, 553 boiling-point, 550 buoyancy of, 550 comparison of heads and pressures, 548 compressibility of, 551 erosion by flowing, 565 expansion of, 547 flow in channels, 564 flow of, 555-588 flow of, experiments, 566 flow of, in pipes, tables, 558, 559, 567-570 freezing-point, 550 gas, 648, 652 hardness of, 553 ice and snow, 550 impurities of, 551 pipes, 295 power, 588 power, value of, 590 pressure engine, 619 pressure of. Woodstone or xylolith, 316 WooJf type of compound engine, 762 Wootten's locomotive, 855 Work, energy, power, 429 Work of acceleration. 430 of men and animals, 433 unit of, 428 Worm-gear. 440 gearing:, 897, 1078 Wrist-pin, 804 Wrought iron, 377-379 bolts, strength of, 292 chemistry of, 377 columns, 250, 260 specifications, 378, 379 Wrought iron, strength of, 297 .' 304, 378 struts. 259 water-pipe, 295 Xylolith or woodstone, 316 Yield-point, 237 Z-bars, properties of, 280 sizes and weights, 178 Zinc, 168 tubing, 200 use of, in steam-boilers, 720 Zeuner valve-diagram, 827 Zero absolute, 46i UNIVERSITY OF CAL. DEFT. CIVIL BNG. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGE VBKNDROTH & ROOT MANUFACTURING COMPANY 13 ALLIS COMPANY, THE EDWARD P , 21 AMERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY 3 AMERICAN ENGINE COMPANY 20 AMERICAN STOKER COMPANY 11 ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY 27 BACON, EARLE C 14 BOSTON BELTING COMPANY 18 BOSTON BLOWER COMPANY 26 BROWN HOISTING MACHINERY CO.. INCORPORATED, THE 14 3ULLARD MACHINE TOOL COMPANY, THE 7 CHAPMAN VALVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 26 CINCINNATI MILLING MACHINE COMPANY, THE 5 JRIPPEN, H. D 26 fAYERWEATHER & LADEW 10 ttLER AND 8TOWELL COMPANY, THE 20 JARVIN MACHINE COMPANY, THE 5 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, THE... 2 OREEN FUEL-ECONOMIZER COMPANY, THE 12 HUFFING IRON COMPANY, A. A 22 HARTFORD STEAM BOILER INSPECTION- AND INSURANCE COM- PANY 12 HENDEY MACHINE COMPANY, THE 6 HUNT COMPANY, ROBERT W 10 NDUSTRIAL WATER COMPANY 26 NGERSOLL-SERGEANT DRILL COMPANY, THE 8 OHNS MANUFACTURING COMPANY, H. W 19 CEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY 28 JDGERWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY 8 JJNKENHEIMER COMPANY, THE 23 MAURER & SON, HENRY. 12 MONARCH MANUFACTURING COMPANY, THE 27 MORSE TWIST DRILL AND MACHINE COMPANY 25 \ATIONAL METER COMPANY. lt> NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY 2 NTORTON EMERY WHEEL COMPANY 24 WRWALK IRON WORKS COMPANY, THE 9 PELTON WATER-WHEEL COMPANY 1« 'HOSPHOR BRONZE SMELTING COMPANY, LIMITED. 27 'RATT & WHITNEY COMPANY 4 ^UEEN & COMPANY, INCORPORATED 28 HAND DRILL COMPANY 9 RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE COMPANY 18 ROEBLING'S SONS COMPANY, JOHN A 15 SELLERS & COMPANY, INCORPORATED. WILLIAM 4 SIMMONS COMPANY, JOHN 19 SMITH & COMPANY, EDWARD 17 STIRLING COMPANY, THE 13 T AUNTON LOCOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING COMPANY 22 TRENTON IRON COMPANY 15 VACUUM OIL COMPANY 6 WOOD & COMPANY, R. D 17 WHITLOCK COIL PIPE COMPANY, THE 24 iVHITON MACHINE COMPANY, THE D. E. ... 26 YALE & TOWNE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, THE 1 CLASSIFIED INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. COMPRESSORS AND ROCK-DRILLS. PAGE Ciippen, D.H 26 Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co . . . 8 Norwalk Iron Works Co., The 9 Rand Drill Co 9 ANALYTICAL LABORATORY. Hunt & Co., Robert W 10 ASBESTOS PIPE AND BOILER COVERINGS, PACKINGS, BUILDING PAPERS, ROOFINGS, PAINTS, ETC. Johns Mfg. Co., H. W 19 BEARINGS, ANTI-FRICIIONAL. Phosphor Bronze Smelting Co., Limited 27 BELTING AND HOSE. Boston Belting Co 18 Fayerweather & Ladew 10 BLOWERS.— Boston Blower Co 26 BOILER INSPECTION AND INSURANCE. Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co 12 BOILERS, STEAM. Abendroth & Root Mfg. Co 13 Stirling Co., The 13 BOILER TUBES. National Tube Co 2 BOILER WATER, SOFTENING AND PURIFICATION. Industrial Water Co 7 BRASS AND IRON STEAM SPECIALTIES. Grifflng Iron Co., A. A 22- Lunkenheimer Co., The 23 Monarch Mfg. Co., The 27 BRIDGES. American Bridge Co 3 CICMENT, AMERICAN PORTLAND. Atlas Portland Cement Co 27 CHAIN HOISTS. Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., The 1 CHUCKS, MILLING CUTTERS, REAMERS, SPRING CUTTERS, TAPS, ETC. Morse Twist Drill and Machine Co 25 Whiton Machine Co., The D. E 26 CONDENSORS, WATER TUBE HEATERS, ETC. Griffing Iron Co., A. A 22 Taunton Locomotive Mfg. Co. 22 Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., The 24 CRANES— STEAM, ELECTRIC, HAND-POWER, TRAVELLING, ETC. Brown Hoisting Machinery Co., Incorporated, The 14s Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., The I CRUSHERS, ORE, ROCK, STONE. Bacon, Earle C 14; DRILLS, POWER AND HAND. Crippen, D. H 26- Ingersoll -Sergeant Drill Co 8 Norwalk Iron-Works Co., The 9' Rand Drill Co 9- DRILLS, TWIST. Morse Twist Drill and Machine Co 25- ELECTRICAL GENERATORS, MOTORS, ARC AND INCANDESCENT LAMPS, SUP- PLIES, ETC. General Electric Co. , The 2' EMERY AND CORUNDUM WHEELS. Norton Emery Wheel Co 24 ENGINEERING OUTFIT. Keuffel & Esser Co 28 Queen & Co., Incorporated 28 ENGINEERS, CONSULTING. Hunt & Co., Robert W 10 ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS. Allis Co., The Edward P 2t American Bridge Co 3 Bacon, Earle C 14 ENGINES. Allis Co., The Edward P 21 American Engine Co 20" Bacon. Earle C 14 Filer & Stowell Co., The 20 ENGINES, GAS. National Meter Co 16- ENGINES, PUMPING. Allis Co. , The Edward P 21 Rider-Ericsson Engine Co 18 ENGINE STOP SYSTEM.— Monarch Mfg. Co., The WT FEED- WATER HEATERS, SEPARATORS, TRAPS, EXHAUST HEADS, ETC. Griffing Iron Company, A. A Taunton Locomotive Mfg. Co. , Th Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., The 2* FIRE BJIICK, TILES, SLABS, CUPOLA LININGS, CLAY RETORTS, ETC. Maurer & Son, Henry 1% CLASSIFIED INDEX iTO ADVERTISEMENTS. FUEL-ECONOMIZERS. iPAOK American Stoker Co ... 11 Green Fuel-Economizer Co., The 11 FURNACES. American Stoker Co 1 Green Fuel-Economizer Co., The 11 HOISTING MACHINERY— ELEVATORS, CONVEYORS, ETC. Bacon, Earle C 14 Brown Hoisting Machinery Co., Incorporated, The 14 Lidgerwood Mfg. Co 8 HYDRANTS. Chapman "Valve Mfg. Co 1? Wood&Co., R. D 18 INSPECTORS OP MATERIALS. Hunt & Co., Robert W 40 INSULATION. Smith & Co., Edward 17' LEATHER BELTING. Fayerweather & Ladew 10 LUBRICANTS. Vacuum Oil Co 6 MACHINE TOOLS AND BOLTS. Bullard Machine Tool Co., The 7 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co 5 Hendey Machine Co 6 Pratt & Whitney Co 4 Sellers & Co. , William (Incorporated) 4 METAL COATINGS. Smith & Co., Edward 1? METALLIC STRUCTURES. American Bridge Co 3 METERS. National Meter Co 16 MILLING MACHINES, SHAPERS, PLANERS, LATHES, ETC. Bullard Machine Tool Co., The 1 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., The 5 Garvin Machine Co 5 Hendey Machine Co Pratt & Whitney Co 4 Sellers & Co., William (Incorporated) 4 MINING MACHINERY. Bacon, Earle C 14 OILS. Vacuum Oil Co 6 PACKING— PISTON, VALVE, JOINT. Boston Belting Co 18 PAINTS. Smith & Co., Edward 17 PHOSPHER BRONZE, INGOTS, CASTINGS, WIRE, SHEET, ETC. Phosphor Bronze Smelting Co., Limited 27 PHYSICAL LABORATORY. Hunt & Co., Robert W. 10 PIPE-BENDING, COILS, ETC. Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., The 24 PIPE, WATER & GAS. Abendroth & Root Mfg. Co 13 National Tube Co 2 Simmons Co., John 19 Wood&Co., R.D 17 PIPE AND BOILER COVERINGS, PACKINGS, ETC. Johns Mfg. Co., H. W . . . . 19 PUMPING MACHINERY. AllisCo., The Edward P 21 Filer & Stowell Co., The &20 National Meter Co 16 Rider-Ericsson Engine Co 18 RADIATORS. Griffing Iron Co., A. A 22 SCALE-PREVENTION. Industrial Water Co tf SMOKE-PREVENTION. iESH American Stoker Co 11 G reen Fuel-Economizer Co '.._ 1 1 STEAM SPECIALTIES, AND ENGINEERING APPLIANCES. Griffing Iron Co., A. A 22 Lunkenheimer Co., The 23 STEEL AND IRON CONSTRUCTION. American Bridge Co STEEL FOR TOOLS. — ~|--^ | - -. SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS. Keuffel & Esser Co ^' Queen & Co., Incorporated 28 TOOL GRINDERS. Norton Emery Wheel Co 24 TRAMWAYS— WIRE ROPE. Trenton Iron Co 15 TURBINE WATER-WHEELS. Pelton Water- Wheel Co., The 16 VALVES— GAS, WATER, AND STEAM. Wood & Co., R. D 17 Chapman Valve Mfg. Co 25 VARNISHES. Smith & Co., Edward 18 WATER-SUPPLY. Rider-Ericsson Engine Co 18 WATER-WHEELS. Pelton Water- Wheel Co ; 16 WIRE ROPE AND TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE. Ro 'bling's Sons Co., John A Trenton Iron Co 15 The Yale & Towne Mfg. Company. Chain Blocks Western's Patents. * Forrough and . occasional use. : For general use. I f*ir\|f 1 IIJJI r • For constant use L» and best economy. A descriptive Catalogue of 50 pages, full of technical data of interest to Engineers, will be sent on request. "Differential." " Duplex." "Triplex.1 FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS. GENERAL OFFICES: 9-11-13 Murray St., New York City. Works: Stamford and Branford, Conn. 9191-19-50-17500 NATIONAL TUBE COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS OF LAP- AND BUTT-WELDED WROUGHT PIPE 0/8 INCH TO 30 INCHES DIAMETER.) Charcoal-Iron and Mild-Steel Boiler-Tnbes FOR Marine, Locomotive, and Stationary Boilers, SEAMLESS TUBES. TROLLEY POLES, OIL- AND WATER-WELL TUBULAR GOODS, LOCAL SALES OFFICES: BOSTON, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, PITTSBURG, CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCO, FOREIGN SALES-OFFICE : LONDON, ENGLAND. THE GEHEBIL ELECTRIC - GENERATORS OF ALL SIZES Direct-connected or belt driven with steam or hydraulic power. MOTORS OF EVERY KIND For railway or street car service, mills, factories, machine shops, pumps, ventilation, and general mining use. ARC AND INCANDESCENT LAMPS On direct or alternating current circuits for street, store, and house illumination. ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES With insulation of the highest resistance for equipping or renewing small or large plants, for measuring current, and for every other purpose. -sales offices in aii urge oitiei. General Office, SCHENEGTADY, N, Y, 2 We can supply promptly any ordinary order for Steel Bridges, Buildings, Roofs, Trasses, Columns, Girders, Beams, Channels, Angles, Plates, etc. Steel Frame Work for Mills, Factories, Ptdblic Markets, Sheds, Shops, Power-Hot*ses, Piers, etc. ompany Engineers, Manufacturers, Contractors Metallic Structures of Every Description Albany, N. Y. Athens, Pa. Boston, Mass. , Buffalo, N. Y. Baltimore, Md. Butte, Mont. Columbus, Ohio. Chicago, 111. f Canton, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. Denver, Colo. Branch Offices and "Works : Duluth, Minn. Pittsburg, Pa. ' East Berlin, Conn. Rochester, N. Y. Elmira, N. Y. Seattle, Wash. Groton, N. Y. San Francisco, Cal. Horseheads, N. Y. Salt Lake City, Utah. Lafayette, Ind. Sydney, N. S. W. . Milwaukee, Wis. Trenton, N. J. Minneapolis, Minn. Wilmington, Del. New Orleans, La. Youngstown, Ohio. . Pencoyd, Pa. London, England. Philadelphia, Pa. WM. SELLERS & CO. (INCORPORATED), PHILADELPHIA, U. S. A. IMPROVED LABOR-SAVING MACHINE TOOLS For Railway and Machine-shop Equipment. HIGH-SPEED TRAVELING AND SWING-CRANES. TURNTABLES FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND SHOP- CARS. INJECTORS FOR ALL CONDITIONS OF SERVICE. SHAFTING IN ALL ITS DETAILS FOR THE ECO- NOMICAL TRANSMISSION OF POWER. GRINDING-MACHINES FOR TOOLS AND DRILLS. IMPROVED HYDRAULIC TESTING-MACHINES, Under Patents of A. H. Emery. Etc. PRATT & WHITNEY CO., HARTFORD, CONN., U. S. A., MACHINE TOOLS FOR GENERAL AND RAILWAY MACHINE-SHOP SERVICE. Modern Machine Tools for the Manufacture, on the Interchangeable System, of Locomotive Work, Bicycles, Electrical Apparatus, Type-writing Machines, Guns, and Sewing Machines, including all Small Tools, Gaugi s, and Fixtures. Lathes, Milling Machines, Screw and Turret-Head Chucking Machines, Specially designed Machinery and Tools for the Manufacture of Brass Goods, Agricultural Implements, etc., and for every purpose where Accurate, Rapid and Economical Production is essential. U. S. Standard Taps, Dies, and Gauges, Standard Cylindrical Size and Caliper Gauges, Reamers of every kind, Plain, Spirally Fluted, and Inserted- Tooth Milling Cutters of every size and style. 4 Send for Illustrated Catalogues and Prices. Correspondence invited. NEW YORK: 136-138 Liberty St. BOSTON : 144 Pearl St. CHICAGO: 42 So. Clinton St. BUFFALO : Cor. Seneca and Wells Sts. PHILADELPHIA: J. W. Cregar Agency, " The Bourse." 4 MILLING MACHINES, Plain and Universal, Largest producers in the world of this type of machines. Latest designs. Machines guaran- teed to meet most exacting require- ments as to effici* ency and accuracy. Write for Complete Cata- logue: also Treatise on Milling Machines. THE CINCINNATI MILLING MACHINE CO., CINCINNATI, OHIO, U. S. A. ==», COMPLETE LINE OF MILLING MACHINES UNIVERSAL, PLAIN, VERTICAL, DUPLEX, COMPOUND, HAND, PROFILERS, ROTARY, LINCOLN, all with Numerous Attachments. Write tor Illustrated Catalogue. No. 14 Improved Plain Miller. THE GARVIN MACHINE CO., Factory and Main Office, NEW YORK CITY. 5 The Hendey Machine Company, TORRINGTON, CONN., MANUFACTURERS OF MACHINE TOOLS. SPECIALTIES: The Hendey-Norton Lathes AND Hendey Pillar Shapers* THE DOCTRINE OF VACUUM OIL. We shall always work on the lines we have fol- lowed for thirty years : inventing and making oils to put friction down as low as it can be put down by oil, with no regard to the cost of making the oil. We shall always teach, as we have been teaching for ten years, that the proper service of oil so far exceeds its cost that the best is the cheapest, ten to one, sometimes perhaps fifty or even a hundred to one. The only question is how fast the man most nearly concerned will act on the fact — we mean the consumer. We make a few cents a gallon. He makes a few dollars a gallon. VACUUM OIL COMPANY. Rochester, N. Y. 6 42-inch Mill. Weight 11,000 Ibs. THE BULLARD MACHINE TOOL CO., BRirX^EPCXRi:, OONN., MAKE A SPECIALTY OF V Boring and Turning Mills, From 30- to 76-inch Capacity. IN PREPARATION. STEAM BOILER ECONOMY. A TREATISE ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF FUEL ECONOMY IN THE OPERATION OF STEAM BOILERS. By WILLIAM KENT, JOHN WILEY & SONS, 43-45 E. 19th St., New York. Air Compressors. EVERY STYLE AND TYPE SUITED TO ROCK DRILLS, Stone Channelers, Coal Gutters, The Pohle Air Lift Pump, MINING OPERATIONS, MACHINE-SHOP PRACTICE, PUMPING WATER, GAS COMPRESSION, STREET RAILWAYS, PNEUMATIC TOOLS,! AND ALL OTHER COMPRESSED-AIR USES. The INGERSOLL-- SERQEANT DRILL CO., Eavemeyer Building, NEW YORK LlDGERWOOD HOISTING ENGINES Are built to gauge on the Duplicate Part System. Quick delivery assured. STANDARD "MftV™ 16,000 In use. Steam and Electric Hoists. Cableways Hoisting and Conveying Devices For Mining, Quarrying, Logging, Dam Construc- tion, etc. LIDGERWOOD M'F'Q CO., Send for Catalogue. 96 Liberty St., New York. THE NORWALK AIR COMPRESSOR OF STANDARD PATTERN is built with Tandem Compound Air Cylind- ers. Corliss Air Valves on the intake cylinders insure small clearance spaces. The Intercooler between the cylinders saves power by remov- ing' the heat of compres- sion before the work is done, not after, and the compressing is all done by a straight pull and push on a continu- ous piston rod. The , Compressor is self-con- tained ; the repair bills are reduced to a minimum, and the machine is economical and efficient. Special machines for high pressures and for liquefying gases. Compound and Triple Steam Ends. A catalog, explaining its many points of superiority, is sent free to business men and engineers who apply to THE NORWALK IRON WORKS CO., SOUTH NORWALK, CONN. AIR COMPRESSORS FOR ALL USES. •nnnV TVDTl I Q FOR QUARRIES, MINES, ROCK DRlLLkJ AND CONTRACT WORK. * RAND DRILL COMPANY, 128 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. JNO. J. CONE ROBERT W. HUNT JAS. C. HALLSTED A, W, FIERO D, W, M'NAUGHER ROBERT W. HUNT & Co. BUREAU OF INSPECTION, TESTS AND CONSULTATION. 71 BROADWAY, 1121 THE ROOKERY, MONONGAHELA BANK BLDG., NEW YORK. CHICAGO. PITTSBURGH. INSPECTION OF RAILS AND FASTENINGS, CARS, LOCOMOTIVES, PIPE, ETC. BRIDGES, BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL LABORATORIES. REPORTS AND ESTIMATES ON PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES, WESTERN AGENTS FOR RHEILE BROS. TESTING-MACHINES. LEATHER BELTING. HOVT SHORT-LAP BET I TO • • W • I OAK-TANNED D t !• I O are all stamped with this trade-mark : Lace Leather, We guarantee you all Hoyt Belts which prove1 defec- ___ tivei and all sundries. FAYERWEATHER & LADEW, Sole Manufacturers, NEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON. Agencies In all principal cities. The American Under=Feed Stoker. •• Particulars and Catalogue on Application. 11 BROADWAY, Bowling Green Offices, NEW YORK. Burns efficiently the cheapest grades of fuel without smoke. GREEN'S FUEL ECONOMIZER FOR STEAM BOILERS. ADVANTAGES.- Heat* the feed water to a High Temperature, thi •feetln* a OfeElT SAVING IN COAL. Can be applied to any type of boll without stoppage of works. A larare volume of water always In reserve at tl •Taporatlve point ready for immediate delivery to the boilers. t the SOLE MAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES. THE GREEN FUEL ECONOMIZER CO. of Matteawan, N. T, ORGANIZED, 1800. THOROUGH INSPECTIONS AND insurance against Loss or Damage to Property and Loss of Life and Injury to Persons caused by STEAM BOILER EXPLOSIONS J. M. ALLEN, President. WM. B. FRANKLIN, Vice-President. F. B. ALLEN, Second Vice-President. J. B. PIERCE, Secretary. L. B. BRAIN KRD, Treasurer. L. F. M1DDLEBROOK, Asst. Secretary. ESTABLISHED 1856. HENRY MAURER & SON, MANUFACTURERS OF FIREBmCKJILE8,SLflB8,C«PDLIlLllB8, Clay Retorts for Gas Works. Office, 420 East 23d Street, Works, Maurer, N. J. {P. 0., T.legraph, and R. R. Station.) NEW YORK. The STIRLINGltBOILER Safe Economical Durable All surfaces under pressure, cylindrical in form and made entirely of wrought metal. One manhole in each drum gives access to all parts of the interior. THE STIRLING CO. GENERAL OFFICES: AGENCIES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES. Pul'man Building, CHICAGO IMPROVED ROOT WATER-TUBE BOILER HIGHEST ECONOMY— BEST ADAPTED TO HIGH PRESSURES ABSOLUTELY DRY STEAM — PERFECT WORKMANSHIP ABENDROTH & ROOT MFG. CO., NEW YORK MACHINERY FOR HANDLING COAL, ORE, OTAHNEDR MATERIAL ON DOCKS, CARS, AND VESSELS. 0 MACHINERY FOR HANDLING STRUCTURAL WORK, Marine Plates, etc., in Ship-building Yards, Overhead Tramrail Systems, Trolley Blocks, etc. LOCOMOTIVE, r{T\ i VTTlPf ALL TYPES: PILLAR, III M j\ L V) STEAM, TRAVELING, /"I I I IjL f AND HAND* CANTILEVER. V JLIJLJLJL 1 JLI ^ POWER. THE BROWN HOISTING MACHINERY CO,, INCORPORATED, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U. S. A. Eastern Office : Pittsburgh Office : European Office : 36 Cortlandt Street, Carnegie Building. 39 Victoria Street, New York. London, England. Cable Address: Brownhoist, Cleveland, New York, or London. A. B. C., A. 1., Leiber's, and Engineering Telegraph Codes used. EARLE C. BACON HUH IMP and WINCHES FOR EVERY POSSIBLE DUTY. CRUSHING ROLLS, ORE WASHERS, SKIPS, MINE CARS^ GRAVITY DRUMS, MINE MACHINERY, BOILERS & ENGINES! SCREENS and ELEVATORS for Ore and Rock. "RREL'$ CRUSHERS COMPLETELY ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES OF HOISTING, CRUSHING MINING MACHINERY COMPLETE MINING & CRUSHING PLINTS 14 * ^ FOR Ait PURPOSES ^'^f'f Wt ^ L 1^0 PL Tf\AMVO^VS ; I- CHICAGO o FFICC ^ >";•? >- it w MONAONOCK s'ttfc J The Pelton Water=Wheel is conceded to be one • • of the most useful as well as illustrious in- ventions of this or any other country. By means of it, water is converted into power in so simple and economical a way that machinery may i>e said to be almost dispensed with. Thousands of these wheels are sent out every year to all parts of the world, and in no instance do they fail to meet the most sanguine expecta- tions of purchasers. Adapted to heads from twsity feet up lo the highest in any case obtainable. Electric Power Transmission. PELTON WHEELS afford the most reliable and efficient power for such service, and are running the majority of sta- tions of this character in the United States, as well as most foreign countries. Highest Efficiency and Absolute Regulation guaranteed, covering the most extreme variations of load. Cat- alogues furnished on application. Address, giving conditions", DEI TflN WATER WUEFI Pfl 125 Main St,,San Francisco, Cal,, U.S.A., rCL I UN If A I Ln- If HttL UU. or, 143 Liberty St., New York, U.S.A. THE GREATEST WATER METER RECORD EVER MADE. 280,000 Crown, Empire, Nash, Gem METERS IN USE. National Meter Company, NEW YORK, CHICAGO, BOSTON, LONDON. AUGUST, 1900. 16 R. D. WOOD & CO., ENGINEERS, IRON-FOUNDERS, AND MACHINISTS, 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. CAST-IRON PIPE. MATHEWS' FIRE-HYDRANTS. GA.TE VALVES. VALVE INDICATOR-POSTS. GAS-HOLDERS AND GAS MACHINERY. HYDRAULIC RIVETERS. WTENS1FIERS, PUNCHES, AND SHEARS. TURBINES, CENTRIFUGAL AND HIGH DUTY FUMPS. OUR Durable Metal Coating protects iron and steel structures, bridges, buildings, water-towers, etc., against the destructive action of the weather, corrosive gases, dampness, water, salt drip from refrigerator cars, etc., in the best possible manner. It is also an exceptionally perfect Insulator against electric currents, electrolysis, etc. EDWARD SMITH & CO., VARNISH MAKERS AND COLOR GRINDERS. 45 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. RUBBER GOODS! Of tlie HigrZtLest; GKrade. BELTING. This Trade- Mark assures the quality. ilOSE for all purposes. PACKINGS in great variety. GASKETS, VALVES, Rubber-covered Rollers. MANUFACTURED BY : JAMES BENNETT FORSYTH, MFG. AQT. & GEN. MGR. BOSTON : NEW YORK : CHICAGO : I 256 Devonshire St. 100 Reade St. 109 Madison St. GEORGE H. FORSYTH, AS8T. MGR. ST. LOUIS ; BUFFALO : UN. Sixth St. 90 Pearl St. DOMESTIC WATER=SUPPLY Without Depending on the Wtad. THE IMPROVED RIDcR AND IMPROVED ERICSSON HOT=A1R PUMPING- ENGINES In use for twenty-five yearg. More than 20,000 sold. Specified by the Leading Engi- neers of this country. Catalogue on application to near- est store. RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE CO., CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK. 86 LAKE ST., CHICAGO. 9 FRANKLIN ST., BOSTON. 40 N. 7th ST., PHILADELPHIA. 18 A5BE r'5TEAM PIPES BOILERS.&C.&C. •APPLICATION SIMPLE & INEXPENSIVE, ,H.W. JOHN HIE* YORI^CHfCAGO "~~' ST05_ CQVERIKjjS THE>ERFECT HOH-HEAT-COHDUCTORSl FELT LIKE & FIRE PROOF. 5 M'F'G CO., ILADELPHIA BOSTON RSOF LIQUID PAINTS & STAINS 'ICE& SALESROOMS 10 CMraa NEW YORK 19 AMERICAN-BALL DUPLEX COMPOUND ENGINE AMD DIRECT-CONNECTED GENERATOR. r latest develop- ment in practical steam-engineering. The highest econ- omy of steam with the simplest possi- ble construction. iplete electric and steam equipments fur- nished of our own manufacture. AMERICAN ENGINE CO., Ytrk OBce-95 Liberty St. Bound Brook. N. J. « FILER UNWELL * MILWAUKEE. WIS. HEAVY DDTY CORLISS ENGINES. Bestfteapt Best Efficiency. Best Workmanship. - ?. : The Edw. P. Allis Co. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Sole Builietsof the "Reynolds - Corliss" Engine. »O Frame. "Reynolds-Corliss** Engine. PUMPING, BLOWING AND HOISTING ENGINES SAW MILL, FLOUR MILL, AND MINING MACHINERY. 