None
made up of a large number of individual functions, which, in the form of different chemo-receptors are scattered amongst the nutri- receptors. I believe that these two main groups cannot but be closely related, and for the following reason. Trypanosomes of different origin, as they are cultivated in different laboratories, usually from the outset behave differently toward a particular therapeutic substance. The first strain of trypanosome with which I worked, Mai de Caderas, had no resistance whatever against trypaii red, and this substance could be employed to effect a cure. This still holds true. Similar favorable results were obtained by Jakimoff in Russia, while Uhlenhuth obtained absolutely no result with this substance on the strains which he used. We are therefore dealing with natural differences in the various strains. Despite the fact that my strain has now been passed through normal mice for many years, it can still be cured by trypan red just as well as ever. This shows that the difference is not entirely artificial. On the other hand, my Nagana strain could formerly not be healed by trypan red, and cannot be healed by that substance now. However, on transforming this Nagana strain into a relapse strain, we were surprised to find that this property, which had per- sisted for many years, become altered within 14 days. This proves that the chemo-receptors really are related to the constitution of the protoplasm, and undergo alterations when we alter the con- stitution of the protoplasm. Whether the reverse holds true, that is, whether, by influencing the chemo-receptors we can alter the cell substance, particularly the nutri-receptors, has not yet been definitely decided. Browning, to be sure, has observed that by means of serum reactions one can differentiate the fuchsin strain from the atoxyl strain, and both from the original strain. Careful investigation subsequently showed, however, that the changes in question were not specific alterations related to the fuchsin or to the arsenic, but alterations which cor- respond to the relapse mutation described above. These are due to the fact that during the treatment it often happens that the mice suffer relapses, which in turn lead to the formation of relapse strains. This brings me to the close of my paper. I am well aware that what I have offered you has been quite fragmentary, but this could hardly be otherwise, for the adequate discussion of this theme would mean the recapitulation of an almost endless amount of work. My object in presenting this subject has been to show you that we are THE PARTIAL-FUNCTIONS OF CELLS. 693 gradually approaching the problem of securing an insight into the nature of the action of drugs. I hope, too, that a systematic appli- cation of the views I have here presented will facilitate a rational development of the science of drug synthesis. In this connection I may say that thus far arsenophenylglycin has proven in animal experiments to be a truly ideal therapeutic agent. By the aid of this substance it is possible to completely cure every kind of trypano- some infection in any kind of animal, and that by means of but a single injection. Truly, such a result may be termed therapia sterilisans magna. INDEX OF ILEMOLYTIC AND BACTERIOLYTIC REACTIONS DESCRIBED IN TEXT AMBOCEPTOR Chicken > vibrio Metchnikoff Goat > sheep serum Goat > sheep blood Goat > sheep blood Goat > sheep blood Goat > ox blood Goat > ox blood Goat > goat blood Goat > dog blood Goat > rabbit blood Goat > vibrio Xordhafen Goat > vibrio Xordhafen Goose > vibrio Metchnikoff Goose > vibrio Metchnikoff Goose > ox blood Guinea-pig > vibrio cholera Guinea-pig > rabbit blood Guinea-pig > rabbit blood Guinea-pig>cow milk Guinea-pig > rabbit blood Rabbit > ox blood Rabbit > goat blood Rabbit > ox blood Rabbit > cow milk Rabbit > cow milk Rabbit > ox blood Rabbit > goat blood Rabbit > ox blood Rabbit > goat blood Rabbit > goat blood Rabbit > ox blood Rabbit > ox blood Rabbit > ox blood CELLS vibrio Metchnikoff sheep blood sheep blood sheep blood sheep blood ox blood ox blood goat blood dog blood rabbit blood vibrio Nordhafen vibrio Nordhafen vibrio Metchnikoff vibrio Metchnikoff ox blood vibrio cholera rabbit blood rabbit blood ciliated eipthelium rabbit blood ox blood or goat blood ox blood or goat blood ox blood ciliated epithelium ox blood ox blood goat blood ox blood or goat blood ox blood or goat blood Goat blood ox blood ox blood sheep blood COMPLEMENT chicken goat or sheep goat goat or horse horse PAGE 133 4 13 69 65 107  goose, chicken, goat, pigeon, horse, 115 guinea-pig 1 guinea-pig 2 rabbit or guinea-pig 68 rabbit 53 rabbit or guinea-pig 68 rabbit 94 guinea-pig 96 guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, goose, chicken, goat, pigeon, horse, 115 rabbit 53 rabbit 53 rabbit 53 guinea-pig 76 guinea-pig 94 guinea-pig 96 goat 104 rabbit 159 guinea-pig 597 guinea-pig 602 695 696 INDEX OF H^MOLYTIC AND BACTERIOLYTIC REACTIONS Rabbit > pig blood Rabbit > vibrio Metchinikoff Sheep > dog blood Inactive normal goat serum Inactive normal goat serum Inactive normal dog serum Inactive normal dog serum Inactive normal dog serum pig blood vibrio Metchnikoff dog blood rabbit blood guinea-pig blood guinea-pig blood guinea-pig blood rabbit blood guinea-pig rabbit sheep or goat horse horse guinea-pig horse horse 602 122 76 59, 65 65 60 60 64 NOTE. INDEX OF AUTHORITIES QUOTED Abel, 120 Arloing, 143, 144 Aronson, 406, 407 Arrhenius, S., 72, 513 Arrhenius and Madsen, 481, 484, 486, 489, 502, 515, 552, 578 Asakawa, 318 Atkinson, J. P., 145 Babes, 143, 146 Baeyer, 437 Bail, 589, 298, 318, 541 Bashford, 71, 490, 532 Baumann, 407 Baumgarten, 236 Bayer, 430 Bechhold and Ehrlich, 442 v. Behring, 357, 358, 364, 519 Behring, 656, 677 Belfanti and Carbone, 23, 26, 379, 392 Bertrand, G., 180 Besredka, 249, 283, 285, 532, 601 Bier, 332 Bing, 306 Blumenthal, 356, 359 Bohm, 406 Bolton, 541, 591 Bordet, J., 1, 2, 3, 4, 13, 20, 21, 26, 36, 52, 56, 58, 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 77, 78, 88, 111, 131, 142, 171, 181, 195, 196, 201, 204, 300, 378, 381, 469, 512, 541, 562, 565, 588, 598, 616, 650 Bordet and Gay, 617, 629 Bordet and Gengou, 349 Bordet and Malkow 392 Borrel, 47, 71 Braun, 405 Brieger, 406 Briot, 479 Browning, 580, 618, 631, 649, 650, 687 Browning and Sachs, 649 Bruno, 421 Brunton, 406 Buchheim, 425 Buchner, 13, 15, 21, 56, 58, 59, 62, 74, 88, 94, 118, 182, 183, 191, 195, 208* 210, 217, 364, 386, 394, 587, 588 Bulloch, 94, 333, 340 Bunsen, 689 van Calcar, 555, 577 Calmels, 175, 180 Calmette, 293, 301, 302, 311, 403, 444, 466, 478 Camus and Gley, 20, 539 Capparelli, 180 Carbone, 23 Celli, 324 Cnyrim, 223 Cobbett, 541, 591 Conradi, 317, 282 Courmont, 91 Courmont and Doyon, 536 Creite, 3 Danysz, 356, 374, 482, 516, 556, 671 Decroly and Rousse, 294, 535 Delbriick, 231 Deutsch, 375 Dewar, 407 Dieudonne, 454 Donath and Landsteiner, 581 Donitz, 64, 91, 117, 118, 216, 359, 420 Dreyer and Madsen, 507, 509, 522, 531 Drigalski and Conradi, 317 Duden, 431 v. Dungern, 21, 23, 24, 36, 47, 56, 62, 64, 68, 74, 93, 100, 118, 146, 156, 158, 160, 161, 201, 213, 242, 243, 250, 378, 556, 671 697 €98 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES QUOTED Durham, 89, 378, 385, 599 Duval, 313 Ehrlich, P., 5, 8, 15, 21, 43, 47, 51, 52, 64, 74, 77, 82, 89, 100, 129, 131, 137, 138, 143, 146, 158, 162, 164, 167, 171, 176, 180, 182, 196, 215, 216, 233, 242, 254, 284, 301, 316, 360, 365, 390, 391, 398, 404, 442, 452, 577, 588, 591, 676 Ehrlich and Marshall, 226, 286, 309, 638 Ehrlich and Michaelis, 408 Ehrlich and Morgenroth, 1, llr 23, 36, 43, 47, 56, 71, 88, 127, 130, 131, 132, 167, 179, 181, 182, 188, 196, 205, 209, 219, 225, 226, 243, 284, 288, 291, 298,. 334, 588, 595, 598, 602, 605, 616, 626 Ehrlich and Sachs, 195, 209, 213, 226, 228, 309, 444, 547, 561, 617, 620, 625, 628, 634, 650, 652, 660 Einhorn, 407, 439 Eisenberg, 318 Eisenberg and Volk, 298, 318, 341 Elf strand, 335, 391 Falk, 439 Filehne, 406, 407 Fischer, E., 2, 532, 678 Fleischmann and Michaelis, 657 Flexner, 313, 541 Flexner and Noguchi, 194, 291, 293, 300, 339, 443, 456, 459, 467, 581 Fliigge, 587 Frankel, 534 Frankel, E. and Otto, 4 Francke, 687 Fraser and Braun, 405 Friedberger, 156, 341, 564, 582, 601, 608, 610, 651 Friedemann, 265, 346, 353 Fuhrmann, 580 Gabriel, 429 Galeotti, 438 Gay, 580, 584, 585, 610, 617 Gengou, 349, 584, 585, 611, 649 Geppert, 425 Gerlach, 438 Gibbs, 406 Gley, 20 Goldscheider, 416 Graebe and Liebermann, 411 Gruber, M., 9, 134, 138, 140, 142, 182, 188, 191, 215, 219, 220, 225, 233, 234, 235, 250, 265, 358, 378, 391, 514, 534 Gruber and Durham, 599 Gulbransen, 683 Harnack, 425 Hedon, 490 Henriques and Bing, 306 Hinsberg, 407 Hirschlaff, 532 van't Hoff, 72 Hofmeister, 231, 426 Jacoby, 487 Jaffe, 406 Jakimoff, 692 Jornara and Casali, 175, 180 Kehrman and Baeyer, 437 Kendrick, 407 Kitashima, 357, 358 Klein, 268, 618, 624 Kleine, 683 Knecht, 434 Knorr, 51, 214, 504, 679 Robert, 173, 175, 391 Koch, 688 Kolle, 4 Koppe, 560 Korschun, 267, 281, 340, 517, 597 Korschun and Morgenroth, 267, 340, 597 Kossel, 20, 401, 539 Krafft, 418 Kraus, R., 318, 378, 588, 681 Krauss, 591 Kretz, 143, 145 Kruse, 312 Kyes, 291, 457, 460, 467, 484, 581 Kyes and Sachs, 443 Ladenburg, 440 Lamb, 300, 478 Landois, 3 Landsteiner, 23, 24, 581, 591, 599 Landsteiner and Sturli, 284 Leclainche and Morel, 121 Levaditi, 431, 265 Liebermann, 411 Liebreich, 439 v. Lingelsheim, 391 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES QUOTED 699 Lipstein, 132, 220, 226, 265, 316, 355, 575 Loffler and Abel, 120 London, 111, 182, 194, 249 Low, 427, 428 Lubowski, R.. 146, 156, 158, 161 Madsen and Walbaum, 558 Madsen, 143, 145, 217, 330, 366, 391, 481, 484, 488, 507, 509, 522, 552, 656, 658, 673 Magendie, 332 Malkow, 62, 88, 392, 590 Mannaberg, 418 Marie, 71, 356 Markl, 214, 329, 337 Markwald, 430 Marshall, 222, 226, 228, 246, 286, 309, 335, 566 Marshall and Morgenroth, 228, 283, 286, 566 Martin, 489 Martin and Cherry, 466, 558 Matthes, 163. 164, 165, 166 Marx, 5, 348, 356, 375 Meltzer, 386 Mering, 406 Mertens, 328, 348 Mesnil, 683 Meyer, Hans, 427 Meyer, R., 411 Metalnikoff, 83, 87, 193 Metchnikoff, E., 1, 24, 45, 46, 48, 51, 71, 72, 91, 111, 118, 136, 137, 208, 220, 267, 271, 272, 275, 356, 375 Michaelis, 408, 657 Michaelis ard Fleischmann, 658 Miescher, 402 Milchner, 356 Moll, 281 Morel, 121 Moreschi, 584, 585, 611, 649, 651, 657, 660 Morgenroth, 1, 11, 23, 36, 43, 47, 56, 64, 71, 88, 91, 92, 127, 130, 131, 132, 163, 167, 179, 181, 182, 188, 189, 196, 209, 219, 225, 226, 228, 241, 243, 250, 267, 283, 284, 288, 291, 298, 326, 333, 378, 391, 566, 588, 591, 595, 669 Morgenroth and Sachs, 233, 250, 595, 609, 618 Moxter, 24, 39, 49, 58, 193, 242 Muir, 580, 650 Muir and Browning, 650, 652 Muller, P. Th., 81, 111, 118, 182, 192, 239, 249, 265, 288, 333, 339, 346 Myers, 209, 295, 467, 473, 487 Xeisser, E., and Doring, 182, 205 Neisser, E., and Freidmann, 265, 346, Neisser, M., 88, 117, 146, 317, 349, 587 Neisser and Lubowski, 146, 156, 158, 353 Neisser and Sachs, 611, 659 Neisser and Wechsberg, 82, 120, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 142, 193, 220, 226, 256, 295, 313, 348, 381, 461, 469, 566, 606 Nencki, 232, 406 Nernst, 559 Nicolle, 74 Nicolle and TrSnell, 147 Nietzki, 412 Nissen, 589 Nissl, 416 Noguchi, 194, 291, 293, 300, 339, 443, 455, 456, 459, 467, 581 Nolf, 74, 118, 171 Nuttall, 589 Obermayer and Pick, 579 Ostertag, 289 Ostwald, 410 Otto, 4 Otto and Sachs, 656 Overton, 427, 436, 532 Paltauf, 358, 542 Park and Atkinson, 145 Pasteur, 500 Pavlovsky, 143 Penzoldt, 407 Pfeiffer, R., 1, 2, 4, 39, 120, 193, 250, 378, 541 Pfeiffer and Friedberger, 156, 341, 564, 582, 601, 608, 610, 651 161, 321 Pfeiffer and Kolle, 4 Pfeiffer and Marx, 5, 348, 375 Pfeiffer and Moreschi, 651 Pfluger, 398 Phisalix, 455, 466 Phisalix and Bertrand, 180 Pick, 579 v. Pirquet, 514, 527 v. 250, 309, 340, 443, 547, 561, 601, 610, 616, 617, 620, 625, 628, 634, 650, 652, 656, 660, 673 Sachs and Bauer, 616 Salomonsen and Madsen, 366 Schattenfroh, 244, 289 Schmiedeberg, 425, 426 Schonlein, 21 Schreiber, 290 Schutze, 334, 585 Schutze and Scheller, 205 Sclavo, 503 Shibayama, 268, 271 Shibayama and Toyoda, 652 Shield, 146 Shiga, 312 Sobernheim, 117 Spiro, 426, 437 Spronck, 18 Stahlschmidt, 405 Stas-Otto, 426 Stephens and Myers, 295 Straub, 680 Sturli, 284 Takaki, 360 Tarassevitch, 268, 271, 272, 275 Tizzoni, 467, 519 Toyoda, 652 Trenell, 147 Tschistovitsch, 243, 681 Uhlenhuth, 334, 585, 681, 692 Vaillard, 366, 542 Vedder and Duval, 313 van de Velde, 391 Verworn, 397, 398 Virchow, 364, 387 Vulpian, 180 Walbaum, 558 Wassermann, A., 5, 77, 118, 222, 356, 359, 375, 585, 594, 681 Wassermann and Ostertag, 289 Wassermann and Schutze, 334 Wassermann and Takaki, 360 Wechsberg, 82, 83, 120, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 142, 193, 215, 220, 222, 226, 256, 295, 313, 348, 353, 381, 391, 461, 469, 566, 591 Weigert, C, 9, 47, 90, 92, 100, 537 Welch, 546 Wendelstadt, 205, 222 236 Widal, 385, 391, 681 Widal and Sicard, 4 Wilde, 201 Witt, 412, 434 Zupnik, 356 INDEX OF SUBJECTS NOTE. — The numbers printed in bold face type refer to pages on which the topic is specifically discussed. PAGE Absorption, elective 16, 59, 97 mechanical, contrasted with chemical union 78 of a serum by its antigen 6 of complement (see also Deflection of) ' 585 of complement by cellular material 201 of complement, by sensitized cells 196 Absorption test, to demonstrate multiplicity of antibodies 590 Abrin, local immunity against 375 Acid, influence of, on complement 199 Addiment (complement) 4 Additive properties, of chemical groups 410 Adsorption, as factor in lysin action 74 in relation to complements 200 lack of specificity 78 Affinity, between cell and amboceptor 218 between diphtheria toxin and antitoxin 484 changes in, in complementoid formation 82 changes in, in immune body 127 changes, in of haptophore groups 209 importance of changes in 580 of cells for immune body 75 of complement, immune body and erythrocytes 8 relative, of tissue receptors and injected cells 162 Age, influence exerted by, on antitoxic sera 675 Agglutination, effect of heat on 2 of sheep blood by goat serum 3 relation to haemolysis 4 in deflection of complement 126, 134 Agglutinins, as distinct antibodies 4 Aleuronat, character of exudates produced by 44 Alexin 56 action of 181 ferment character of 58 Alkali, influence of, on complement 198 Amboceptor, complementophile groups of 227 enormous quantity absorbed by cholera vibrios 157 first use of the term Ill 701 702 INDEX OF SUBJECTS PAGE Amboceptor, occasional slight affinity for cell receptors 580 of dog serum, thermolability of 210 plurality of 574 quantitative relation to complemen.t 250 saturation of blood-cells with 159 Amboceptors, against dissolved albumins .f 585 complementibility of 233 hsemolytic, in response to serum injections 211 hsemolytic, the binding of 595 mechanism of their action 209 normal and immune 233 Amboceptor union, dissociation of 596 Amboceptor unit, definition cf 254, 595 Anaesthetic action, chemical relations of 407 Animal, choice of, in production of anticomplement sera 66 Animal individuality, expressed in isolysins 30 Anthropostable complements 43 Antialexin (see Anticomplement). Antiamboceptors, mode of action 561 production of 333 studies on 649 Antiantiamboceptors : 651 Antiantolysin ;. 33 Antibacteriolytic action, of normal serum 601 Antibodies, against bacteriolysins and hsemolysins 64 in normal serum, multiplicity of 587 multiplicity of 384 normal 587 varieties possible by immunization 24 Antibody, formation of, various phases 90 Anticomplement 63 choice of animal in production of 66 isogenic and alloiogenic 260 mode of action 65 quantitative relation to complement 258 rabbit> goat 20 Anticompliments, against serum of horse, goat, dog, ox, rabbit, and guinea- pig 66 as cause of deflection of complement 133, 136, 138 as thrust-off amboceptors 225 in Pfeiffer-Friedberger phenomenon 603 partial 222 produced by immunization 64 production of 333 protection afforded by various 1 14 really free amboceptors 605 Anticomplementary serum, polyvalence of 66 Antiferments, in normal sera 591 Antihaemolysins 64, 102, 114, 258, 333, 342, 649 method of study 342 natural 283 see also anticomplements, and antiamboceptors 561 Anti-immune body, character of 101, 105 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 703 PAGE Anti-immune body, specificity of 109 normal 102 Anti-isolysin 28 Antilysin, against eel serum 20 against toad poison 179 multiplicity of 20 Antipyretic .action, chemical relations of 407 Antisperma toxin 52, 72 Antitoxic serum, complex character of 368 genetic method of study 368 Antitoxin, complex character of 368 disproportion in production of, to amount of toxin injected 679 in normal horses 541 in normal sera 591 occurrence in normal individuals 367 site of origin 375 supposed to be transformed toxin 366 Antitoxins, source of 48 Straub's conception of action of. 680 Antitryptic substances, in normal serum 591 Apes, use of, for obtaining sera 117 Arachnolysin, antitoxin against : 173 properties of 169 Arsenic-fast trypanosomes 687, 690 Atoxyl, a trypanocidal agent 688 Atrepsy, a form of immunity 684 Autoanticomplement 83 Autolysin, definition of 27 Bacillus, of dysentery 312 Bactericidal experiments, technique 384 Bactericidal serum, action of 120 Bacteriolysins, side-chain theory applied to 5 Bacteriolysis, relation to agglutination 4 its similarity to haemolysis 2 Metchnikoff's demonstration of, in vitro 1 Pfeiffer's theory of 1 regarded as a ferment action 2, 8 substances concerned in 4 Biogens 398 Bleeding, of animals, for serum 349 Blocking, by complementoid 345 Blood, protective substances in 364 Blood-cells, as food storages 402 Blood-cells, behavior toward cobra venom 292 discoplasm, function of 171 function of, in nutrition 397 hardened, haemolysis of 163 lecithin content of stroma of 449 receptor apparatus of 390 stroma of, to bind immune body 74 varying susceptibility to cobra venom 458 Bone marrow, as source of immune bodies 5 704 INDEX OF SUBJECTS I'AOB Bordet-Gengon, phenomenon of 196 Bordet's sensitization theory, contrasted with Ehrlich's amboceptor theory. 58 Bovine serum (see also Ox serum), effect on guinea-pig blood 18 Brain tissue, power to neutralize tetanus toxin 356 union with tetanus toxin 5 Bufidin 175 Cancer, treatment with lactoserum 55 Castration, effect of, on production of spermotoxin 48 Cell immunity, without formation of antibodies 539 Cells, partial functions of 676 Chemical constitution, relation to pharmacological action 404 Chemical distribution, relation to pharmacological action 415 Chemical nature, of haemolytic action 6 Chemical nature, of immunity reaction 78 Chemical poisons, action of 532 Chemical union, prerequisite for formation of antibody 5 Chemoreceptors 686 Chicken serum, action on rabbit blood 192 Cholera, bacteriolysis of vibrios of 1 Cholera immune bodies, source of 5 Cholesterin, action in cobra- venom haemolysis 454 Ciliated epithelium, from ox trachea, method of collection 49 Cobra lecithid, absence of neurotoxic action of 472 properties of 470 Cobra venom, studies on 291 substances which activate 443 Coctostable, definition of the term 340 hsemolytic organ extracts 281 Colligative properties, of chemical groups 410 Colloid chemistry, applied to immunity reaction 578 Colloide de bceuf, of Bordet-Gay 619 Combining capacitv, of cells for amboceptors 396 Common receptors 95 in tracheal epithelium, blood-cells, in other tissues, 38, 49, 51 Complement, absence of direct affinity for erythrocytes 6 absorption by yeast 213 action of 181 deflection of 120, 132 deflection of, power of normal serum to produce 610 deflection of, role of precipitates in 611, 651, 656 dominant and non-dominant 227, 618 effect of phosphorus poisoning on 63 Ehrlich's original Unitarian conception of 9 finding additional sources of 117 first use of the term by Ehrlich 16 from different animals 115 fixation, Bordet-Gengou 196 homostable 117 influence of purulent process on production of 87 influence of various agents on 198 in spleen 44 in phagocytes 44 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 705 PAGE Complement, its union with amboceptor alone 580 loose union with immune body 8 method of measuring amount 38 not increased by immunization 39 Complementibility, fluctuations of, of an immune serum by different com- plements 69 of various interbodies 191 Complementoids, action of 79, 209 blocking complements 345 existence of 580 Complementophile group, structure of 582 Complements, anthropostable 43 behavior toward Pukall filters 59 constitution of 65 differentiation of, by partial anticomplements 222 disappearance of, under natural circumstances 86 methods of preserving 329 multiplicity of 15, 110, 195, 222, 382 of horse serum 239 partial 114 quantitatively independent of immune body 38 quantitative relation to amboceptor and anticomplement. mammalian, their side-chains 43 -receptor apparatus of 390 stromata of 171 Ethyl green, as trypanocidal agent :. 687 Exhaustion, of a specific serum by its antigen 6 Fatty acids, hsemolytic action of 464 Ferment action, its similarity to bacteriolysis 2, 8 Fixation reaction, Bordet-Gengou 196 Fluctuation in ha3molytic power of sera 21 Fluctuation in serum constituents 21 Fractional addition of blood-cells, in haemolysis 599 Fractional neutralization, in study of diphtheria toxin 481, 552 Fractional saturation, Bordet, in study of lysins 75 Frogs, Courmont's experiments with tetanus of 91 Gelatine filtration, in study of toxjn-antitoxin 558 Goose serum, immune, against ox blood 115 immune, against vibrio Metchnikoff 135 Goat, complement of, ability to substitute sheep complement for 66 immunization against goat blood 26 Goat serum, fluctuation in its haBmolysins 21 normal, effect on sheep blood 3, 12 normal, effect on rabbit and guinea-pig blood 12, 59, 65 normal, effect on various bloods 590 Group haemolysins, of guinea-pig > rabbit serum 2 Guldberg-Waage law, in toxin-antitoxin reaction 482, 559 Haemoglobinuria ex frigore 15 Haemolysin, compared to toxin molecule 57 normal, nature of 16 of cobra venom. 292 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 707 PAGE Hsemolysin, thermostable 13 Haemolysins, complex nature of 3 complex, study of 336 method of studying 326 multiplicity of, in normal serum 19 toxicity of • • • 23 Haemolysis, by arachnolysin 167 by joint action of several amboceptors 616 by saponin poison 478 Bordet's studies on, applied to bacteriolysis :. 2 chemical character of the reaction 73 effect of heat on 2 Ehrlich and Morgenroth's first study of 3 of hardened erythrocytes 163 relation of osmotic tension to 236 substances concerned in 4 Haemo ly tic amboceptors, binding of 595 in response to serum injections 241 in response to injections of urine 244 Haemolytic experiments, method of making 330, 334 Haemolytic power, fluctuation of, of normal serum 238 Haemolytic properties, of organ extracts 267 Haptins, definition of 62 multiplicity of -..-.• 20, 384 Heat, effect of, on diphtheria antitoxin 18 effect on haemolytic power 2 effect of, on immune serum 4 effect on immune body-complement combination 8 effect on normal hsemolysins 12 effect of, on serum 631 hi inactivation, care in employment of 187, 192 Hemitoxin 494 Hen serum (see Chicken) •. constitution of 6 Ehrlich's first studies on 4 loose union with complement 8 manner in which it combines with cells 73 multiplicity of 9 multiplicity of complementophile groups 112 relation of phagocytes to production of 46 708 INDEX OF SUBJECTS PAGE Immune body, quantitatively independent of complement 38 site of production of 51 source of 5 Immune serum, against spermatozoa, epithelium, leucocytes, and kidney cells 24 Bordet's first studies on 1 manner in which it differs from normal 39 Immunity, a phase of physiology of nutrition 377 due to absence of receptors 28 local, against abrin - 375 of cells, without formation of antibody 539 regarded as increase of normal functions 587 Immunization, against blood-cells 12 against body's own cells 52 dependent on haptophore group 51 hsemolytic, technique of 331 with agglutinated bacteria 146 with modified proteins 579 with overneutralized mixtures 143, 14ft, 158 with sensitized blood-cells. 41 Inactivation, of immune sera by heat 4 Incubation period, explanation of 535 Individuality, animal, expressed in isolysins 30 Interbody, of normal sera 16 conditions governing separation of, by absorption 190 Intravenous injections, in immunization 160 Isolysin, Ehrlich's experiments on production of 26 "Kalte Methode," elective absorption at low temperatures 6, 12, 185 Kidney cells, immune serum against 24 L0 and Lf, definition of 143, 368, 485, 549 Lactoserum 38, 52 Lamprey serum, varying toxicity of 21 Lateral chains (see also Side-chain) 5 Lecithin, and allied substances, action of 462 in blood-cell stromata 449 in cobra-venom, haemolysis 443 relation to cobra- venom haemolysis 305 Lecithids, of cobra-venom 470, 581 of snake venom 466 of various snake venoms 477 Leistungskern 399 Leucocytes, immune serum against 24 Local immunity, against abrin 375 Lymph nodes, as source of immune bodies 5 Lysins, discovery of 1 Ehrlich's studies on the action of 1 similarity of, to toxins 57 Macrocytase, hasmolytic ferment 208, 267 Macrophage, relation to haemolysis 44, 267 Malachite green, as trypanocidal agents 687 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 709 PAGE Mass action, in toxin-antitoxin combination 482, 556 Mechanical absorption, contrasted with chemical union 78 Mercury, cells hardened with, their haemolysis 163 Milk, biological relation to epithelial cells 55 immune serum against 53 Microcytase (Metchnikoff ) 208 Microphages, relation to haemolysis 44 M. L. D 485 Monotropisin 417 Multiplicity, of antibodies in normal serum 62 of blood-cell receptors 284 of complements 15 of complement, analogy with ferments 231 of haemolysins in normal sera 58 of haptins in blood 20 Neisser- Wechsberg, phenomenon 120 Neutral mixtures, immunization with 158, 143, 146 Normal haemolysins (see also under Individual animals) 12, 16 mechanism of 192 Normal serum, antibacteriolytic action of 601 deflection of complement by 610 its amboceptors 233 its spennotoxic power 193 multiplicity of antibodies in 587 Nutrireceptors, definition of 682 Organ extracts, haemolytic properties of 267 Ox serum, normal, action on typhoid bacilli 589 normal, in haemolysis of guinea-rig blood 18 to complement typhoid immune bodies 118 Pancreas extract, action on blood-cells hardened with mercury 163 Papain, influence of, on complement 198 Partial amboceptors, method of differentiation 574 Partial functions of cells 676 Partial immune bodies : 97, 105 Partial neutralization, in study of diphtheric toxin 481, 552 Partial saturation (Bordet), in study of lysins 75 Pepton, injections of, to increase complement 118 Pfeiffer, theory of bacteriolysis 2 Pfeiffer's phenomenon 1 Pfeiffer-Friedberger phenomenon 601 Phagocytes, complement content of 44 relation to immunity 45 Pharmacological action, relation to chemical constitution 404 Phases, in antibody formation 90 Philocytase ( = immune body) Ill Phosphorus poisoning, effect on complement production 63 Phrynin „ 175 Phrynolysin, antiserum against 180 properties of 179 mode of preparation « 176 710 INDEX OF SUBJECTS PAGE Pigeon serum, as complement 115, 135 Plurality, of complements (see also Multiplicity) 195 Polyceptors 112 Polyvalent sera 92, 110, 119 Precipitates, and antiamboceptors 651, 656, 663 as cause of deflection of complement. 611, 651, 656 Preparator 233 Preservation, of complement sera 329 Proagglutinoids 319 Protective substances, in blood 364 Prototoxoid 497 Pukall filters, in differentiating complements 59 Quadriceptor 112 Quantitative estimation, of amboceptors, complement and receptors. 340 Quantitative relations, between amboceptor, complement, and anticomple- ment 250 between cobra-venom and lecithin 456 between immune body and complement 38 Rabbit blood, action of goat serum on 12, 59, 65, 590 Rabbit serum, action on goat blood 245 fluctuation in its haemolysins 21 normal, action on various bacteria 589 normal, action on ox blood haemolysis 606 normal, in haBmolysis of sheep blood and goat blood 18 Reactivation of inactive immune sera 4 Receptors, absence of, as cause of immunity 28 common. bactericidal, mode of action of 120 collecting and preserving for hsemolytic work 326 collecting of, for bactericidal tests 349 Serum-fast strains of trypanosomes 684 Sessile receptors 92 Sequence of, importance of, in deflection experiments 658 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 711 PAGE Sheep blood, agglutination of, by goat serum 3 Sheep complement, substitution of, for goat complement 66 Sheep serum, normal, in haemolysis of guinea-pig blood 18 Side-chains, constitution of various kinds of 9 physiological object of 20 their primary function 9 Side- chain theory, first application to haemolysins 5 exposition of 372 Snake venom (see also Cobra venom) /. 291 lecithids of 466 studies on 291 Soaps, haemolytic action of 464 Specificity, limitation of term 100, 242 of amboceptors 584 of immune sera, nature of 50 use of term in immunity 561 Specific therapeutics 404 Spectrum, of diphtheria toxin 490, 493, 552 Spermatozoa, immune serum against 24 Spermatoxin 48, 52, 193 production of, in castrated rabbits 48 Spider, poison of 167 poisoning by 173 Spleen, as source of immune bodies 5 complement content of 44 Staining, analogy to binding of lysins 75 Standing, effect of, on determinations of Lf 669 Staphylotoxin, toxoid of 82 Stereochemical conception, of complement-immune body combination 63 Stroma, of blood-cells, in anchoring immune body 74 Stromata, of blood-cells, mode of preparation f 171 Substance sensibilitrice 57, 381, 469, 562 Surface attraction, in absorption of complement 200 lack of specificity 78 Tartar emetic, as trypanocidal agent 687 Teleological significance, of amboceptor action 563 Temperature, use of low, for combining experiments 6, 12 Tetanolysin, cholesterin in relation to haemolysis by 455 Tetanus antitoxin, effect of, plus brain 60 in frogs. ... Zymotoxic group, of complements 65 00438211 3 1378 00438 2118. 