None
1 = 8 = 128 = 1,024 = 61,440 1 = 16 = 128 = 7,680 1 = 8 = 780 1 = 60 1 The Imperial Standard Measure is the sys- tem in use by British pharmacists. Its de- nominations and their relative value are : Gal. Quarts. Pints. F. Oz. F. D. Minims. 1 = 4 = 8 = 160 = 1280 = 76 800 1 = 2 = 40 = 320 = 19,200 1 = 20 = 160 = 9,600 1 = 8 = 480 1 = 60 The relative value of United States Apothe- caries' and British Imperial Measure is as fol- lows: U. S. , Imperial Measure. % Apothecaries' Measure. Pts. F. oz. F. dr. Drop. 1 Gallon = -83311 Gallon, or 6 16 2 22*85 1 Pint = *83311 Pint, or 16 5 17'86 1 Fl. Oz. = 1*04139 Fl. Oz., or 1 0 19*76 1 Fl. Dr. = 1*04139 Fl. Dr., or 1 248 1 Minim = 1*04139 Minim, or 1*04 12. Avoirdupois Weight.— Avoirdupois weight is used for weighing all goods except those for which troy and apothecaries' weight are em- ployed, and for compounding recipes for do- mestic purposes and for the arts. Its denomi- nations and their relative values are- Ton. Cwt. Qrs. Lb. Ozs. Drs. 1 = 20 = 80 = 2,240 = 35,840 = 573,440 1 = 4 = 112 = 1,792 = 28,672 1 = 28 = 448 = 7,168 1 = 16 = 256 1 = ft 13. An additional table of avoirdupois weight is given below. 27*34 grains (gras.) 1 drachm (drms.) 16 drachms 1 ounce (oz.) 437}^ grns. 16 ounces 1 pound (lb.) 7,000 grns. 28 pounds 1 quarter. 4 quarters .1 hundredweight (cwt.) 20 hundredweight. . . .1 ton of 2240 lb. A stone is equal to 14 lb. A quintal is equal to 100 lb. 14. Apothecaries'' Weight. — Apothecaries' weight is used by apothecaries in compound- ing medicines.and is the officinal standard of the United States Pharmacopoeia. In buying and selling medicines not ordered by prescriptions avoirdupois weight is used. The denominations of apothecaries' weight and their relative val- ues are— Lb. Oz. Dr. Scr. Gr. 1 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 1 = 8 = 24 = 480 1 = 3 = 60' 1 = 20 15. Troy Weight.— Is used by jewelers and at the mints, in the exchange of the precious metals. Its denominations and their relative values are : Lb. Oz. Dwt. Gr. 1 = 12 = 240 = 5760 1 20 480 1 24 7000 troy grains = 1 lb. avoirdupois. 175 troy pound = 144 lb. avoirdupois. 175 troy ounces = 192 oz. avoirdupois. 437^2 troy grains = 1 oz. avoirdupois. 1 troy pound = '8228+ lb. avoirdupois. 653 The common standard of weight by which the relative values of these systems are compared is the grain, which for this purpose may be regarded as the unit of weight. The pound troy and that of apothecaries' weight have each five thousand seven hundred and sixty grains ; the pound avoirdupois has seven thousand grains. 16. Relative Proportions.— The relative pro- portions and values of these several systems are as follows : Troy. Avoirdupois. Oz. Dr. 1 pound equals 13 2*65 1 ounce equals 1 1*55 ldwt. equals — 0-877 Troy. - — Apothecaries'. — , Lb.  4 1 grain equals 0 0 0 0 1 Apothecaries'. Avoirdupois. Oz. Dr. 1 pound equals 13 265 l'ounce equals 1 1"55 1 drachm equals 6 2*19 1 scruple equals 0 0*73 Apothecaries'. Troy. > Lb. Oz. Dwt. Gr. lpound equals 1 0 0 0 1 ounce equals. 0 10 0 1 drachm equals 0 0 2 12 1 scruple equals ..0 0 0 20 Avoirdupois. , Troy. — > Lb. Oz. Dwt. Gr. 1 ton equals 2,922 2 13 8 lcwt. equals 146 1 6 16 1 quarter equals 34 0 6 16 1 pound equals 1 2 11 16 1 ounce equals. 0 18 5^£ 1 drachm equals 0 1 3J£ Avoirdupois. ^-Apothecaries.— » Lb. Oz. Dr. Scr. Gr. lpound equals 1 2 4 2 0 1 ounce equals 0 0 7 0 17*^ 1 drachm equals 0 0 0 1 7§f 17o Diamond.— 16 parts = 1 grain = 0*8 troy grain. 4 grains = 1 carat = 3'2 troy grains. 18. Decimal System.— Weights aud Measures. —The metric system, formed on the meter as the unit of length, has four other lead- ing units, all connected with and depend- ent upon this, viz., the meter, the unit of measure of length. The are, the unit of sur- face, and is the square of ten meters. The liter, the unit of capacity, and is the cube of a tenth part of the meter. The stere, the unit of solidity, having the capacity of a cubic meter. The gramme, the unit of weight, and is the weight of that quantity of distilled water at its maximum density which fills the cube of a hun- dredth part of the meter. Each unit has its deci- mal multiple and sub-multiple, that is, weights and measures ten times larger or ten times smaller than the principal unit. The prefixes denoting the multiples are derived from the Greek, and are deka, ten; ftecto, hundred; Mo, thousand; and miiria, ten thousand. Those denoting sub-multiples are taken from the Latin, and are deci, ten; centi, hundred; milli, thousand. The table given below embraces all the weights and measures of the system. 19. Table for the Conversion of Mils (ruonin.) into Centimeters. 1 CO i m a I GO m 'i'B H 'f. 1 w Sfi m •rH © © n ■ — © © I '.^ © © '.^ © © § VQ 1 2 <->-a IS ^a N ^3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 00254 00508 00762 01016 01270 01524 01778 02032 02 .'86 02540 02793 03047 03301 03555 03809 04063 04317 04571 04825 05079 05333 05587 05841 06095 06348 06602 06856 07110 07364 07618 07872 08126 08380 08634 09142 09396 09650 09904 1016 1041 1067 •1092 1118 1143 1168 1194 1219 1245 1270 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 0-1295 0-1321 0-1346 0 1372 0 1397 0 1422 0-1448 0-1473 0 1499 0 1524 0 1549 0-1575 0 1600 0*1626 0-1651 0 1676 0-1702 0 1727 0-1752 0-1778 0-1803 0-1829 0-1854 0 1879 0-1905 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 0-1930 0 1956 0-1981 0 2006 0-2032 0-2057 0 2083 0-2108 0 2133 0 2159 0 2184 0-2209 0-2235 0 2260 0-2286 0 2311 0 2336 0-2362 0-2387 0-2413 0-2438 0-2465 0-2489 0-2514 0 2540 United States Standard Weights and Measures. — The office of Weights and Measures, Wash- ington, is the repository of the United States standards, comprising those based on the Eng- lish system, called customary, as well as those representing the metric system of weights and measures. It has recently received from Paris the national meter and kilogramme prototypes — standards of such unrivaled perfection (ex- cepting, of course, by their fellows) that a brief account of the circumsta nces attending their construction will prove of interest. The necessity of having a common standard of length and weight led the principal govern- ments of the world to establish by concurrent action an international bureau of weights and measures at Paris for the construction and preservation of standards. A treaty to this effect was signed at Paris in May, 1875. By this treaty the administrative direction of the bu- reau was put in the hands of eminent scientific men, who are delegated by their respective governments to supervise its operations. After an exhaustive study of the subject, involv- ing experiments and delay, the theoretical re- quirements were agreed upon, and the bureau entered upon their practical execution. This (Continued on page 656.) Relative Value. Length. Surface. Capacity. Solidity. Weight. 10,000. L000 100 10 .. Unit Myriameter Kilometer Hectometer Dekameter Meter Decimeter Centimeter Millimeter Hectare Are Deciare Centiare Kiloliter Hectoliter Dekaliter Liter (1) Deciliter Centiliter Milliliter Dekastere Stere Decistere Kilogramme Hectogramme Dekagramme Gramme o-i 001 Decigramme Centigramme o-ooi Milligramme 654 U. S. Standard Weights and Measures. The following tables have been issued from the Office of Standard "Weights and Measures, United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent. Tables for Converting U. S. Weights and Measures— Customary to Metric. 20. Linear. CO CO CO ft ft ft CD CD 4J -p o CD a $8 a O CO-^ JTa o p3 -p CO -p CD CD ■R ft a i— i ft >h 25-4000 0-C04801 0-914402 50-8001 0-609601 1-828804 76-2001 0-914402 2-743205 101-6002 1-219202 3-657607 127-0002 1-524003 4-572009 152-4003 1-828804 5*486411 177-8003 2-133604 6-400813 203-2004 2-438105 7*315215 228-6004 2-743205 8-229616 21. Square. o CD R r- CD O « ,R CD CO CD 3^ f* R CD S3 era 3 oq R & W 6-452 12-903 19355 25-807 32-258 38-710 45-161 51-613 58-065 o 4J CO CD CO CD ft CD o1 CO 9-290 18-581 27-871 37-161 46-452 55-742 65-032 74-323 83-613 CO Fl CO CD ^ -p ft CD «a CD 5* CO CO 0-836 1-672 2-508 3344 4-181 5-017 5-853 6-689 7-525 22. Cubic. C0 4J CD R XI CD o a. e co .R i* £2 CD R R O 16-387 32-774 49-161 65-549 81-9)56 98-323 114-710 131-097 147-484 «H CD ^a 0-02832 0-05663 0-08495 0-11327 0-14158 0-16990 0-19822 (J'22654 0-25485 "3$ £a o R O o 0-765 1-529 2-294 3-058 3'823 4-587 5-352 6-116 6-881 So $3 1-60935 3-21869 4-82804 6-43739 8-04674 9-65608 11-26543 12-87478 14-48412 < 0-4047 0-8094 1-2141 1-6187 2-0234 2-4281 2-8328 3-2375 3-6422 CD CO S CD CD-P .CRS co o R+^ m 0-352*12 C -70485 1-05727 1-40969 T762I1 2-11454 2-46696 2-81938 3-17181 23. Capacity. 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 8 = 9 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = -Sis o -P Fluid drachms milliliters or c bic centimetei CO CD R ft R <V OS '3 a CO ■ ft CD -p O CO ft S3 R o- CO ft CD +-> O +3 CO R O a§ O 3*70 29 57 0-94636 3-78544 7-39 59-15 1-89272 7-57088 11-09 88-72 2-83908 11-35632 14-79 118-30 3-78544 15-14176 18-48 147-87 4-73180 18 92720 22-18 177-44 5-67816 22-71264 25-88 207-02 6-62452 26-49808 29-57 236-59 7-57088 30-28352 33-28 266*16 8-51724 34-06896 24. Weight. a CO CD co a CD d CO CD fl s kilo- mmes. o += CO CD a •g g S3 3°, upoi dsto gra §■ H CD §a ^ O  56-6991 0*90719 62-20696 194-S968 85.0486 1-36078 93*31044 259-1957 113-3981 1-81437 124-41392 323-9946 141-7476 2-26796 15551740 388-7935 170-0972 2-72156 186-62089 453-5924 198-4467 317515 217*72437 518-3914 226 7962 3-62874 248-82785 583-1903 255-1457 4-08233 279-93133 25. 1 chain = 1 square mile = 1 fathom = 1 nautical mile = 1 foot = 0*304801 meter, 1 avoir, pound = 15432-35639 grains = 20-1169 meters. 259 hectares. 1*829 meters. 1853-27 meters. 9-4840158 log-. 453*5924277 grm. 1 kilogramme. The only authorized material standard of customary length is the Troughton scale belonging to this office, whose length at 59*62° Fahr. conforms to the British standard. , The yard in use in the United States is therefore equal to the British yard. The only authorized material standard of customary weight is the troy pound of the mint. It Is of brass of unknown density, and therefore not suitable for a standard of mass. It was derived from the British standard troy pound of 1758 by direct comparison. The British avoidupois pound was also derived from the latter, and contains 7,000 grains troy. The grain troy is therefore the same as the grain avoirdupois, and the pound avoirdupois in use in the United States is equal to the British pound avoirdupois. The British gallon = 454346 liters. The British bushel = 36'3477 liters. 655 Tables for Converting U. S. Weights and Measures— Metric to Customary. 26. Linear. 29. Capacity. o 03 0> o is v o'-h o 03 J- • Ql 03 <D.73 12 1 = 111! a So5co - n cog 03 0)^ 03* -is g © COS O o •^ 03 »£ -p a £o3 g a +5 O ^} be H+3 03. li 1 = 39-3700 3-28083 1-093611 0-62137 0-27 0-338 1-0567 2-6417 2-8375 2 = 78-7400 6-56167 2-187222 124274 2 = 054 0-676 2 1134 5-2834 5-6750 3 = 118-1100 9-84250 3-280833 1-86411 3 = 0-81 1-014 3-1700 7-9251 8-5125 4 = 157-4800 13-12333 4-374444 2-48548 4 = 1-08 1-352 4-2267 10-5668 11-3500 5 = 196-8500 16-40417 5-468056 / 3-10685 5 = 135 1-691 5 2834 13-2085 14-1875 6 = 236-2200- 19-68500 6-561667 3-72822 6 = 1-62 2-029 6-3401 15-8502 17 0250 7.= 275-5900 22-96583 7-655278 4-34959 7 = 1-89 2-368 7-3968 18-4919 19-8625 ■8 = 314-9600 26-24667 8-748889 4-97096 8 = 2-16 2-706 8-4534 21-1336 22-7000 9 = 354-3300 29-52750 9-842500 5-59233 9 = 2-43 3-043 9-510L 23 7753 25 5375 27. Squa re. 30. Weight. w o o O 03 O 03 U <D o o 03 / +a 03 -U "S +* "S 0> CD fH • 0+^ 0 <D +^ 0) • ^ SR 1 0)^-^ 03 O , 03 « 2 o 03 t-i ostJ 53 M h% 03 fn 03^3 3 * P 2. co 2 oq >» 1-196 O 03 2-471 1 = 0-01543 5|.S "IS be ° d rH ° ^ ■S y a ° a b£S > 3-5274 i oj'O a 5flC3 was? 03 P<0 1 = 0-1550 10-764 15432-36 2 20462 3 = 0-3100 °-l-528 2-392 4-942 2 = 0-03086 30864 71 7-0548 4-40924 3 = 0-4650 32-292 3-588 7-413 3 = 0-04630 46297*07 10-5822 6-61386 4 = , 0-6200 43-055 4*784 9-884 4 = 0- 06173 61729-43 14-1096 8-81849 5 = 0*7750 53-819 5-980 12-355 o = 0-07716 77161-78 17-6370 11-02311 6 = 0-9300 64-583 7-176 14-826 6 = 0- 09259 92594 14 21-1644 13 22773 7 = 1-0850 75-347 8-372 17-297 7 = 0-10803 10802649 24-6918 1543235 8 = 1-2400 86-111 9-568 19-768 8 = 0- 12346 123458 -85 28-2192 17-63697 9 = 1-3950 96-874 10-764 22-239 9 = 0- 13889 138891 21 31-7466 19-84159 28. Cubic. 31. Weight— (continued.) - 03 CD O • +J-;5 03 03 o ■^ o. SSI'S "» o i-ai a° 1 = O .03 fl3? •a. o.a 3 fto C > 03 •S a p-g S G ° P. B o P-o ^•^ > 03 £8 a§g 03 O+J OB 1 = 0-0610 ' 61-023 35-314 1-308 220 46 2204-6 0*03215 2 = 04220 122-047 70-629 2-616 2 = 440 92 4409-2 0-06430 3 = 0-1831 183-070 105-943 3-924 3 = 661-38 6613-8 0-09645 4 = 0-2441 244-093 141-258 5-x32 4 = 881-84 8818-4 0-12860 5 = 0-3051 305-117 176-572 6-540 5 = 1102 30 11023-0 0-16075 6 = 0-3661 366-140 211-887 7-848 6 = 1322 76 13227-6 0-19290 7 = 0-4272 427-163 247-201 9 156 7 = 1543-22 15432-2 0 22505 8 = 0-4882 488-187 282-516 10-464 8 = 1763-68 17636-8 0 25721 9 = 0-5492 549 210 317-830 11771 9 = 1984-14 19841-4 0 28936 By the concurrent action of the principal governments of the world, an International Bureau of Weights and Measures has been established near Paris. Under the direction of the International Committee, two ingots were cast of pure platinum-iridium in the proportion of 9 parts of for- mer to 1 part of the latter metal. From one of these a certain number of kilogrammes were prepared, from the other a definite number of meter bars. These standards of weight and length were intercompared, without preference, and certain ones were selected as international prototype standards. The others were distributed by lot to the different governments, and are called national prototype standaius. Those apportioned to the United States are in the keeping of this office. The metric system was legalized in the United States in 1866. The international standard meter is derived from the meter des archives, and its length is defined by the distance between two lines at 0° Centigrade, on a platinum-Mdium bar deposited at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. The international standard kilogramme i9 a mass of platinum-iridium deposited at the same place, and its weight in vacuo is the same as that of the kilogramme des archives. The liter is equal to-a cubic decimeter of water, and it is measured by the quantity of dis- tilled water which, at its maximum density, will counterpoise the standard kilogramme in a vacuum, the volume of such a quantity of water being, as nearly as has been ascertained, equal to a cubic decimeter. C50 in turn involved many investigations in regard to the best methods to be pursued, the im- provement and construction of apparatus, and studies in thermometry and barometry, which resulted in establishing a standard ther- mometric scale and a standard barometer. It was decided to make the new international meter a line measure, and to derive it and the kilogramme from the meter andkilogramme of the archives. The material chosen for the new standards was an alloy of pure platinum-irid- ium, in the proportion of nine parts of the for- mer to one of the latter. Two ingots were cast, and from one of them a certain number of kilogrammes were prepared ; from the other a definite number of meter bars. The stand- ards of length and weight were intercompared without preference, and certain ones were selected for deposit and safe keeping at the in- ternational bureau, and are called interna- tional prototypes. The others were distributed by lot to the different governments ordering them, and are called national prototypes. The distribution was made in September, 1889, and those apportioned to the United States are in the keeping of this office. The comparison of length measures with the United States standards will be undertaken on application. It is not necessary to explain the well-known methods by which the shorter length measures are compared with greater or less precision. The degree of refinement to which the comparisons are carried will depend, of course, on the purpose for which the meas- ures are to be used. Where great accuracy is required a special understanding with this office should be had. The means used for veri- fying tape lines are less well known and a de- scription will therefore be of use. The United States Mural or Bench Standard. — This apparatus derives its name from the fact that it was originally attached to a wall. As constructed in lb84, and as now arranged, it consists of a wooden bench 104 ft. long, hav- ing upon it an iron bar with German silver plugs on which the graduation is traced. The bench is made of white pine wood well seasoned and painted. The planks used in its construc- tion are 2 in. thick and 11}^ in. wide; they are supported on cedar posts firmly planted in the ground. The top of the bench and the bar are pro- tected from the weather by a cover made in sections, each section attached by hinges to the bench, and sufficiently inclined to shed the rain. The iron bar offers a continuous surface a little over 100 ft. long. The bar is 2 in. wide and T7S in. thick; it rests upon equidistant brass rollers Tss in. in diameter; these in turn rest on the bench. At *each side of the bar, parallel to it and firmly attached to the bench, is a strip of wood of such thickness as to bring its surface even with the surface of the bar. Sufficient space is left between these strips and the bar to allow free circulation of the air and not to hinder the expansion of the bar. At one end the bar has a device for clamping a tape or wire when the initial lines of the latter and of the standard bar are in coincidence. A spring balance for giving any desired tension is also provided. This has a clamp for holding the tape or wire, and it can be set on any part of the standard to conform to the length of the tape. Length- wise the bar, two parallel series of German silver plugs are inserted in the bar at suitable distances apart to receive the graduation, one being subdivided into yards and in places into feet, the other into meters. The yard gradu- ation is intended to be standard at 62° F., 16#67 C; the metric at 32° F., or 0° C. In comparing, the tape line is stretched under the desired tension on the standard bar, and the difference between its graduation and that of the latter is read either by means of a finely subdivided scale or, where the graduation of the tape warrants the refine- ment, by means of a low power microscope. The chief advantage of using an iron bar over marks on bolts let into a wall is that the difference between the expansion of the tape and of the bar is very small. The question of temperature enters only very slightly, assuming that the temperature at which the iron bar is standard has been care- fully determined, and that both tape and bar are at the same temperature during the com- parison. The verification of weights and capacity measures will be undertaken, and a statement issued showing their relation to the United States standards. "Weights and measures sub- mitted for comparison should conform to cor- rect principles of construction. The cost of all comparisons for other than State or national purposes must be borne by those for whom they are made. The amount is calculated so as to cover the cost to the general government of the services of the person charged with making comparisons. (See Tables on pages 654, 655.) 32. Household and Miscellaneous Tables. — The following tables may be of assistance in prescribing fluid preparations. They are; Teaspoonf ul ....... .... about 1 fl. drm. Dessertspoonful about 2 fl.drm. Tablespoonful . . about 4 fl. drm. Wineglassf ul , . about 2 fl. oz. Teacupful about 4 fl. oz. Breakfastcupful about 8 fl. oz. Tumblerful about 8 fl. oz. Thimbleful about % fl. drm. Pinch (of leaves and flow- (troy.) ers) about 1 drm. Handful (of leaves and (troy.) flowers) , about 10 drm. 8 wineglassfuls, each two fluid ounces, in a pint. 32 tablespoonf uls, each one-half fluid ounce, in a pint. 16 tablespoonf uls, each one-half fluid ounce, in half a pint. 12 tablespoonfuls, each one-half fluid ounce, in six fluid ounces. 24 dessertspoonfuls, each two fluid drachms, in six fluid ounces. 16 dessertspoonfuls, each two fluid drachms, in four fluid ounces. 32 teaspoonf uls, each one fluid drachm, in four fluid ounces. 16 teaspoonf uls, each one fluid drachm, in two fluid ounces. 8 teaspoonf uls, each one fluid drachm, in one fluid ounce. 33. Weights and Measures for Domestic Pur- poses.— Wheat flour, one pound is a quart. Indian meal, one pound two ounces is one quart. Butter, when soft, one pound is one quart. White sugar, when powdered, one pound one ounce is one quart. Best brown sugar, one pound two ounces is one quart. Liquids.— Sixteen large tablespoonfuls are half a pint. Eight large tablespoonfuls are one gill. Four large tablespoonfuls are half gill. Twenty-five drops are equal to one teaspoon- ful. A common wineglass is equal to a half gill. A common tumbler is equal to a half gUL p ° 34. To Reduce Parts by Volume, or Measure to Parts by Weight.— Multiply the parts by vol- ume, or measure by the specific gravity of the different substances; the result will be parts by weight. 657 35. Electrical Horse Power, E X C Calculated from 746 -P © l, ft E.M.F . in Volts. l\ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 5 0-06 013 0-20 0-28 0-33 0-40 0-47 0-53 0-60 0-67 0*73 0-80 0-87 0 93 10 10 013 0-28 040 0*53 0-67 0-80 0-93 1-07 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-6 1-9 20 20 0*28 0-53 0-80 1-07 13 1-6 1-9 2-1 2'4 2-7 2'9 3-2 35 37 4-0 30 0-40 0'80 1'2 1-6 2-0 2'4 2-8 3'2 3-6 4-0 4*4 4-8 5'2 5'6 60 40 0-53 1-U7 1-6 2-1 2-6 3-2 3-7 4-2 +•8 5-3 5-9 6-4 6-9 7*5 8-0 50 0*67 1-30 2-0 26 3'3 4*0 46 5-4 60 6-7 7-4 8-0 8-7 9-4 io-o 60 080 1-6 2'4 3-2 40 4-8 5-6 6-4 7-2 8-0 8-8 9-6 104 11-2 12 0 70 0-93 1-9 2'8 37 4-6 5-6 6-5 7'5 8-4 9-4 10-3 11-2 12'3 13-1 14*0 80 1-07 2-1 32 4'2 5-4 64 7'5 8-5" 9-6 10-7 11-8 12*8 13-9 lo'O 16-0 90 1-2 2-4 3-6 4*8 6-0 7-2 8-4 9'6 10-8 12-0 13-2 14-4 15*6 16-9 18'0 100 1-3 27 4-0 5-3 6-7 8-0 9'4 10-7 12-0 13-4 14-7 16-0 17*4 18-7 wo no 1-4 2-9 4-4 5-9 7-4 8'8 10*3 11-8 13-2 14-7 16-2 17-6 19-1 20*6 22-0 120 15 3-2 4*8 6-4 8'0 9-6 11-2 12-8 14-4 16-0 17-6 19 2 20-9 22-5 24-0 130 1-6 35 5'2 6-9 87 10*4 12-3 13-9 15-6 17-4 19*1 20-9 22-6 24-4 26-0 140 1-9 3-7 5-6 75 9-4 11-2 13-1 15-0 16'9 18-7 20-6 22-5 24'4 26-2 28-0 150 20 4-0 6-0 8-0 io-o 12-0 14-0 16-0 18-0 20-0 22-0 24-0 26-0 28-0 30*0 E.H.P. on current line, under E.M.F. 3b. Wire Gauges, in Decimal Parts of an Inch. <W © a". ' ■a in • a a O be be ^ r d co O'C So u 3 © c3 a a ft rd-0 'B'S & be © o S* o s co p bJ0^2 H 6° cOOOOOO 0-46 0 464 00000 0-43 0 432 0000 0-393 0 46 0-454 0 4 0-454 000 00 0 0-362 0 40964 0-425 0 372 0-425 0-331 0 3648 0-380 0 348 0-38 0-307 0 32495 0-340 0 324 0-34 1 0*283 0 2893 1 0-3 0 3 0-3 2 0-263 0 25763 0-284 0 276 0-284 3 0-244 0 22942 0-259 0 252 0-259 4 0-225 0-20431! 0-238 0 232 0-238 5 0-207 0 18194 0-22 0 212 0-22 6 0-192 0 16202 0-203 0 192 0-203 7 0-177 0-14428 0-18 0 176 0-18 8 0-162 0-12849! 0-165 0 16 0-165 9 0-148 0-11443; 0 148 0 144 0-148 10 0-135 0- 10189 0-134 0 128 0-134 11 0-12 0 09074 0T2 0 116 0-12 12 0-105 0 08081 0-109 0 104 0-109 13 0-092 0 07196 0-095 0 092 0 095 14 0-08 0-06408 0-083 0 08 0-083 15 0-072 0-05706 0-072 II 072 0 072 16 0-063 0-05082 0-065 0 064 0-065 17 0-054 0-04525 0-058 0 056 0-058 18 0-047 0-0403 | 0-049 (J 048 0-049 19 0-041 0-03589 0-042 0 04 0-04 20 21 0 035 0-03196 0 035 0 036 0 035 0 032 0-02846 0 032 0 032 0 0315 22 0-028 0-02534 0-028 (1 028 0'0295 23 0025 0-02257 0 025 0 024 0-027 24 0 023 0 0201 i 0 022 0 022 0 025 25 0-02 00179 | 002 0 02 0-023 26 0-018 0-01594 0-018 0 018 0 0205 27 0-017 0-01419 C016 0 0164 0 01875 28 0-016 0-01264 0014 0 0148 0 0165 29 0-015 0-01125 0 013 0 0136 0-0155 30 0-014 0-01002 0-012 0 0124 0-01375 31 0-0135 0-00893 0-010 (1 0116 0- 01 225 32 0-013 0-00795 0-009 0 0108 0-1 1125 33 o-oii 0-00703 0-008 (1 01 0- 01025 34 o-oi 0-0063 0-007 0 0092 0-0095 35 0-0095 0-00561 0 005 0 0084 0-009 36 0-009 0-005 0-004 0-0076 0-0075 37. Table Indicating Size, Weight and Length of Iron and Steel Wire. +3 © CO CO © © -a © © «H a 3 © £> p ©. o c3 0 i— i o co s &> P-I 2 © '• be- P a T-fiXS o'B O1© © © B 03 co bo © a C o ■PO, ,60 © o C +3 © U1A © < P & fc 3-0 •362 34-73 1834 5,759 •102921 2-0 •331 29-04 1533 6,886 •086049 1-0 •307 25-00 1318 8,C00 •074023 1 •283 21-23 1121 9,425 •062901 2 •263 18-34 968 10,905 •054325 3 •244 15-78 833 - 12,674 •046759 4 •225 1339 707 14,936 •039760 5 •207 11-35 599 17,621 •033653 6 •192 9-73 514 20,555 •028952 7 •177 8-30 439 24,906 •024605 8 •162 6-96 367 28,734 •020612 9 •148 5-80 306 34,483 •017203 10 •135 4-83 255 41,408 •014313 11 •120 3-82 202 52,356 •011309 12 •105 2-92 154 68,493 •008659 13 •092 2-24 118 89,286 •006647 14 •080 1-69 89 118,343 •005026 15 072 1-37 72 145,985 •004071 16 •063 105 55 190,476 •003117 17 054 0-77 41 259,740 "002290 18 ■047 0-58 31 344,827 •001734 19 •041 0-45 24 444,444 •001320 20 •035 0-32 17 625,000 •000962 21 •032 0-27 14 740,741 •000804 22 •028 0-21 11 952,381 •000615 23 •025 0-175 9-24 •0)0491 24 •023 0-140 7-39 •000415 25 •020 0-116 6-124 •000314 26 •018 0-093 4-91 •000254 27 •017 0-083 4-382 •000227 28 ••016 0-074 3-907 •00C201 29 •015 0-061 3-22 •HI ml 76 30 •014 0-054 2-851 '000134 31 •0135 0-050 2-64 •000143 32 •013 0-046 2-428 •( 100 132 33 •on 0-037 1-953 •000095 34 •0i0 0 030 1-584 •0 0078 35 •0095 0025 1-32 "III III! 171 36 •009 0-021 1-161 ! •0( 11)11(14 38. Resistance and Weight Table.— American Gauge for Cotton and Silk Covered and Bare- Copper Wire.— The resistances are calculated tor pure copper wire. The number of feet to the pound is only approximate for insulated wire. No. Diameter. 8 •12849 9 •11443 10 •10189 11 •09074 12 •08081 13 •07196 14 •06408 15 •05707 16 •05082 17 •04525 18 •0403 19 •03539 20 03196 21 •02846 22 •02535 23 •02257 24 •0201 25 •0179 26 •01594 27 •01419 28 "01264 29 •01126 30 •01002 31 •00893 32 •00795 33 •00708 34 •0063 35 •00561 36 •005 FEET PER POUND. Cotton Covered. 42 55 68 87 110 140 175 220 280 360 450 560 715 910 1165 1445 1810 2280 2805 3605 4535 Silk Covered. 46 60 75 95 120 150 190 240 305 390 490 615 775 990 1265 1570 1970 2480 3050 3920 4930 6200 7830 9830 12420 Naked. 20 25 32 40 50 64 80 101 128 161 203 256 324 408 514 649 818 1030 1300 1640 2070 2617 3287 4144 5227 6590 8330 10*60 13210 RESISTANCE, NAKED COPPER. Ohms per 1000 feet. •6259 •7892 •8441 1*254 1-580 1-995 2-504 3-172 4-001 5-04 6-36 825 10-12 12 76 16-25 20-30 25-60 32-2 40 7 51-3 64-8 81-6 103- ISO" 164- 206- 260- 328- 414' Ohms per mile. 3-3 4-1 4-4 6-4 8-3 104 13-2 16-7 23- 26" 33- 43- 53' 68- 85' 108' 135' 170- 214- 270- 343* 432- ass- ess- 865* 1033- 1389- 1820- 2200- Feet per ohm. 1600- 1272- 1185 798- 633- 504* 400* 316- 230- 198' 157- 121' 99' 76-5 61-8 48-9 39-0 310 24-6 19-5 15-4 12-2 9-8 7*7 6-1 49 3-8 29 2-4 Ohms per pound. •0125 •0197 "0270 •0501 •079 •127 •200 •320 •512- •811 129 211 3-27 5-20 8-35 133 20-9 33-2 52-9 84-2 134- 213" 338" 539' 856" 1357- 2166* 3521- 5469' 39. Weight in Pounds per Mile of Copper Wire. Number. Roebling. Birmingham. Brown & Sharpe, English Legal Standard. 0000 2466 3286 3375 2555 000 2092 2884 2677 2210 00 1750 2305 2123 1933 0 1504 1846 1684 1682 1 1278 1437 1335 1437 2 1104 1287 1058 1216 3 950 1071 839 1012 4 808 904 665 860 5 684 773 528 718 6 588 657 418 588 7 500 517 332 495 8 419 435 263 409 9 350 350 209 332 10 291 287 165 263 11 230 230 131 215 12 176 190 104 173 13 135 144 83 135 14 102 110 65 102 15 83 83 52 83 16 64 68 41 65 17 47 53-M 33 50 18 35 38 26 37 19 27 28 20M 16M 26 20 19M 19^ 20% 21 16^ 16*4 13 16J4 22 12^ 12^ 10J4 12^ 23 10M im m m 24 m m V/2 m - 25 <M m sya VA 26 5 5 4 5 27 43^ 4 m 4 28 4 m I W/% 3)4 29 Ws 2% 2 o O 30 m m i IVs m 659 Specific Gravity. Tables Showing a Comparison of the Degrees of Baume, Cartier and Beck's Areometers, with Specific Gravity Degrees. 40. For Liquids Li ghter than Water. 41. For Liquids Heavier than Water. Degrees of Baum e. Cartier. Beck. Degrees of Baume. Beck. Baume, Baume, Beck. Cartier, Beck. Sp. G v. Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. Sp. Gr. 0 1-000 1 1-007 1 0000 1-0059 0 1-0000 2 1-014 10119 1 • .. / 0 9941 3 1-020 1-0180 ■ 2 0-9883 4 1-028 10241 3 • • • 0-9826 5 1-034 1-0303 4 * » 0 0-9770 6 1-041 1-0366 5 0 9714 7 1-049 1-0429 6 0-965!) 8 1-057 1-0494 7 0'96U4 9 1-064 1-0559 8 0-9550 10 1-072 1-0625 9 0 9497 11 1-080 1-0692 10 i'00( ) "'". 0 9444 12 1-088 1-0759 11 0-99J 1 1000 0 9392 13 1096 1-0828 12 0'98( 5 0 992 0-9340 14 1104 1-0897 13 0-97* ) 0*985 0-928.) 15 1113 1-0968 14 0-97J J 0977 0 9239 16 1121 1-1039 15 0-96' r 0-969 0-9189 17 1-130 11111 16 0 96( ) 0-962 0 9139 18 1-138 1-1184 17 0-95< t 0955 0 9090 19 1-147 1-1258 18 , 0 94! i 0948 0-9042 20 1157 11333 19 0-94: J 0-941 0 8994 21 1-166 11409 20 0-93, ) 0 934 0-8947 22 1-116 1-1486 21 0 92< ) 0927 0-8900 23 1-185 1-1565 22 0-92- 1 0920 0-8854 24 1-195 1-1644 23 0 91) I 0914 0-8808 25 1-205 1-1724 24 0-91S I 0908 0-8762 26 1-215 1-1806 25 0 90( 5 0-901 0-8717 27 1-225 1-1888 26 090" L 0-895 0-8673 28 1235 1-1972 27 0-89. > 0'889 0-8629 29 1-245 1-2057 28 0"88< ) 0-883 0-85a5 30 1-256 1-2143 29 0-88' I 0*877 0-8542 31 1-267 1-2230 30 0-87( ) 0871 0-8500 32 1-278 1-2319 31 0-87! J 0865 0-8457 33 1-289 1-2409 32 0-86J I 0-859 0-8415 34 1-300 1-2500 33 0-86: } 0-853 0-8374 35 1312 1-2593 34 0-85i 1 0-848 0-8333 36 1-324 1-2680 35 o-85; J 0-842 0-8292 37 1-337 1-2782 36 0-84J 5 0 837 0-8252 38 1349 1-2879 37 0 84; i 0 831 0-8212 39 1-361 1-2977 38 0-83! 1 0826 0-8173 40 1 375 1-3077 39 0-83 3 0 820 0-8133 41 1-388 1-3178 40 0-82< ) 0-815 0-8095 42 1 401 1-3281 41 0 82< I 0810 0-8061 43 1 414 1-3386 42 0-81< ) 0-805 0-8018 44 1 428 1-3492 43 0-81. > 0-800 0-7981 45 1442 1-3600 44 0 811 J 0-7944 46 1 456 1-3710 45 0 80 0*7907 47 1-470 1-3821 46 080 L '.'.'.'.'. 0-7871 48 1-485 13934 47 0 79 i 0-7834 49 1-500 1-4050 48 079 > 0-7799 50 1 515 1-4167 49 0-78 3 '.'.'.'.] 0-7763 51 1-531 1-4286 50 0-78 t ..... 0-7727 52 1 546 1-4407 51 0-78 L 0-7692 53 1-562 1-4530 52 077 0*7658 54 1578 14655 53 077 i !"'.! 0-7623 55 1-596 14783 54 0-76 j 0-7589 56 1 615 14912 55 076 3 0-7556 57 1 634 1-5044 56 0-75 9 0-7522 58 1 653 1-5179 57 0-75 5 0-7489 59 1 671 1-5315 58 0 75 1 ..... 0-7456 60 1690 15454 59 074 3 07423 61 1-709 1-5596 60 0 74 1 0-7391 62 1-729 15741 61 0 74 J 0-7359 63 1-750 1-5888 62 073 5 0-7328 64 1-771 1-6038 63 o . ■. . ..... 0-7296 65 1-793 1-6190 64 0*7265 66 1-815 1-6346 65 .... ..... 0 7234 67 1-839 1-6505 66 0-7203 68 1 864 1-6667 67 0-7173 69 1-885 1-6832 68 0-7142 70 1-909 1-7000 69 07112 71 1-935 70 .... 0-7083 1 72 I960 APPENDIX. PART III. Chemical Synonyms. The following list of the principal chemicals and their synonyms is intended only as a guide to the amateur, who may be saved both time and money by its use, but makes no pretense to being complete. A complete list of every known chemical would require a volume. The list of synonyms of chemicals which are given at all will be found very complete. Only a few of the organic compounds are given, as they will not be much used by the amateur. The authorities consulted are Watt's Dictionary of Chemistry, and the works of Fownes, Wurtz, Roscoe, Schlorlemmer, Bloxham, Attfield, Fresenius, Cooley, etc., and great care has been taken to avoid mistakes, which are very liable to occur in compilations of this kind. The names of minerals are given in brackets, thus [Halite]. The number of the minerals noticed is not great, as the majority have a more or less complex formula. The chemical symbols are added, as they are really equal to a name. The Latin names, as well as those of other languages, are printed in italics, with the letters (L. Ger. or Fr.) for Latin, German and French. Many of the names are obsolete, or nearly so, but still it is of the utmost importance that their exact meaning is given. In general the subject is arranged under the principal constituent ; thus, to find Potassium Carbonate, look for Potassium. Aeetum:— Vinegar. Acetic Acid.:— H(C2Hs02). Hydrogen Ace- tate; Hydric Acetate; Acetulic Acid; Aci- dum Aceticum (L.); Acide Acetique (Fr.); Essigsdure (Ger.); Pyroligneous Acid; when free from water it is called Acetic Hydrate, Monohydrated Acetic Acid, Glacial Acetic Acid, Aeetum Glaciale (Fr.); Acid of Vinegar; Aeidum Aceticum Glaciale (L.); sometimes called Radical Vinegar. Acetylene:— C2H2. Klumene. Ethine. Acid:— See the name of the acid; only the principal ones are given. Alcoliol:— C2H60. Ethyl Alcohol; Ethyl Hy- drate; Hydroxl-Ethane; Methyl Carbinol; Methyl Carbonal ; AlcoOl (Fr.) ; Alkaliol (Ger.); Rectified Spirits; Proof Spirit; Spirits of Wine; S. V.; S. V. R.; and S. V. P.; Alcohol Vini (L.); Ethylic Alcohol ; Absolute Alco- hol is also called Anhydrous Alcohol. Amylic Alcohol. See Fusel Oil. Methylic Alcohol :—CH40. Wood Naphtha; Wood Spirit; Wood Alcohol; Pyroligneous Spirit; Pyroxylic Spirit. Aldehyd:— C2H40. Aldehyde; Acetic Alde- hyde; Ethyl Aldehyde; Hydrated Oxide of Acetyle, or Acetule; Hydrate of Othyle; Acetaldehyd; Hydride of Acetyl. Alum:— A12(S04)3.K2S04+24H20. Double Sul- phate of Aluminum and Potassium; Sul- phate of Aluminum and Potassium; Octa- hedral Alum Salt; Potash-Alum; Alumen, A. Potassicum (L.); Alun (Fr.); Alaun (Ger.). Alum, Ammonia : — A12(S04)3.(NH4)2S04 +24 H20. Alumen Ammoniatum (L.); Sulphate of Aluminum and Ammonium; Aluminii et Ammonii Sulphas (L.). Alum, Burnt :—K2Al2(S04)4. Dried Alum; Alumen Exsiccatum (L.); Alun Sec (Fr.;. Alum Chrome: — Cr2(S04)2.K2S04 + 24H20. Double Sulphate of Chromium and Potas- sium. Alum, Iron:— Fe2(S04)3.K2S04+24H20. Alu- men Ferricum, Sulphas Ferri et Potassce (L.). Alum, Roman: — Red Alum; Roman Alum; Roach Alum; [Alum Stone] ; Roche Alum (Fr.); Rock Alum; Alumen Romanum (L.); Alum Rupeum (L.); Cubical Alum; impure variety of alum containing iron. Alum, Soda :-Na2S04.Al2(S04)3.24H20. Sul- phas Aluminas et Sodw (L.); Solfaterite. Aluminium: — Al. Aluminum, English, French, and Latin; Aluminum (Ger.) It has been proposed to shorten it to Alium. Aluminium Acetate:— A12(C2H302)3. Acetate of Alumina. Aluminium Chloride :— A12C16. Sesquichloride of Aluminum: Aluminii Chloridi (L)., Chlo- ralum (Impure). Aluminium Fluoride :— A1F3. Aluminium Hydrate :— Al2(HO)6. Aluminum Hydroxide; Hydrated Alumina, Aluminii Hydras (L). Aluminium Nitrate:— A12(N03)6. Nitrate of Alumina ; Alumince Nitras (L). Aluminium Oxide:— A1203. Alumina; [Emery and Corundum are varieties of the oxide, Adamantine Spar.] Alumine. Aluminium Silicate :—Al2(Si02)3. Silicate of Alumina. Aluminium Sodium Fluoride :—AlF3.2NaF. [Cryolite.] 662 Aluminium Sulphate :— A12(S04)3. 18H20. Neutral Sulphate of Alumina ; Sesquisul- phate of Alumina; [Alunogen] ; Aluminii Sulphas (L.) ; Sometimes called cake alum or concentrated alum (erroneous). Aluminium Sulphide :— A12S3. Sulphide of Aluminium. Aminonia:-NH3, Anhydrous Ammonia; Ammonia Gas ; Volatile Alkali ; Volatile Air ; Ammoniacal Gas; Terhydride of Nitro- gen ; Ammoniaque (Fr.) ; Ammoniak (Ger.). Ammonia, Solution of:— Ammonia; Ammo- nia Water ; Liquor Ammo nice, (L.); Spirits of Sal Ammoniac ; Ammonium Hydrate ; Ammonia; Spirits of Hartshorn; Ammo- niaque Liquide, Esprit de Sal Ammoniac (Fr.); Salmiak-Oeist (Ger.); Aqua Ammo- nice (L.). Ammonium:— (NH4). Ammonium, Acetate :— (NH4)C2H302. Am- monice Acetas (L.); Spirit of Mindererus (Med.) Ammonium Arseniate:— (NH4)3As04. Am- monii Arsenias (L.). Ammonium Binarseniate :— (NH4)2 As04. Ammonium Arsenite :— NH4As02. Ammonice Arsenis (L.). Ammonium Benzoate:— NH4,C7H502. Solutio Ammonice Benzoas ; Ammonii Benzoas (L.). Ammonium Bromide :— NH4Br. Ammonii Bromidum ; Ammonii Bromis (L.). Ammonium Carbonate :— There are three car- bonates of ammonia. AmmoniaNormalCarbonate:-(NH4)2C03,H20. Di-ammonic Carbonate ; Volatile Salt ; Smelling Salts ; Sal Volatile (alcoholic solu- tion); Neutral Carbonate of Ammonium; Carbonate of Oxide of Ammonium. Ammonium Sesquicarbonate : — (NH4)4H2 (C03)3,H20. Tetraammonio-dihydric Car- bonate; Half -acid Carbonate of Ammo- nia ; Ammonii Carbonas (L.); Preston Salts ; Smelling Salts; Volatile Spirits of Harts- horn. Ammonium Bicarbonate :— H(NH4)C03. Acid Carbonate of Ammonium; Ammonium and Hydrogen Carbonate ; Ammonio-hydric Carbonate; Mono- Ammoniac Carbonate. Ammonium Chloride:— NH4C I. Sal Ammo- niac ; LSalmiak] ; Ammonic Chloride ; Hy- drochlorate of Ammonia; Ammonia Muria- tica (L.); Ammoniac Chloride Muriate of i Ammonia; Sel Ammoniac (Fr.); Ammonii Chloridum (L.). Ammonium Citrate :— (NH4)2HC6H507. Ci- trate of Oxide of Ammonia ; Ammonice Ci- tras (L.) ; Di-ammonium Citrate. Ammonium Ferrocyanide : — (NH4)4FeC6N6. 3Aq. Ammonium Iodide :— NH4I. Hydriodate of Ammonia ; Ammonii Iodidum (L.). Ammonium Nitrate : — (NH4)N03. Ammonice Nitras (L.) ; Nitrous Ammoniacal Salt ; Ni- trate of Oxide of Ammonium. Ammonium Nitrite :— Hyponitrite of Ammo- nium ; Nitrite of Oxide of Ammonium. Ammonium Oxalate :— (NH4)2G204. Ammo- nice Oxalis (L.) ; Ammonic Oxalate. Ammonium Phosphates :— (NH4)3P04. Nor- mal Ammonium Phosphate. Ammonium Phosphate :— (NH4)3HP04. Am- monii Phosphas (L.) ; Tribasic Phosphate of Ammonium. Ammonium Sodium and Hydrogen Phos- phate:—Na(NH4)HP04, 4H20. Microcosmic Salt; Phosphorus Salt; Fusible Salt of Urine. Ammonium Sulphate : — (NH4)2S04. Glau- ber's Secret Salt ; Glauber's Secret Sal Am- moniac; Sulphate of Oxide of Ammonia; Ammonice Sulphas (L.) ; Ammoniacal Secret Salt of Glauber. Ammonium Sulphocyanide :— NH4CNS. Ammonium Sulphide:— (NH4)2S. Ammonic Sulphide; Sulphuret of Ammonium; Hy- drosulphuret of Ammonia. Ammonium Sulphohydrate :— NH4HS. Sul- phide of Ammonia ; Hydrosulphide of Ammonia; Hydrosulphate of Ammonia ; Ammonium and Hydrogen Sulphide ; Bihy- drosulphuret of Ammonia. Ammonium Persulphide : — Hoffman's Vo- latile Spirit of Sulphur ; Boyles' Fuming Liquor (Obsolete); Ammonice Perhydrosul- phas (L.). Ammonium Sulphite :-(NH4)5S037Aq. Sul- phite of Oxide of Ammonium. Ammonium Sulphocyanide :— NH4CNS. Ammonium Tartrate :—(NH4)2C4H4Oe. Am- monice Tartras CL.). Ammonium Bitartrate :— NH4HC4H406. Am- monice Bitartras (L.). Ammonium Valerianate ;— NH4C5H902. Am- monii Valerianas (L.). Amyl x-CsHu. (The Radical.) Amyl Acetate:— C5HiiC2H302. Pearl oil. Amyl Nitrite:— C5HU. N02. Amyl Mtris (L.). Amyl, Valerianate of :— CsHnCsHgOa. Apple oil. Aniline : — C6H5.NH2. Phenylamine; Anilina (L.). Antimony :— Metallic, Sb.; Regulus of An- timony; Stibium (L.); Antimone (Fr.); Spiessgla7iz (Ger.). Antimony, Butter of :— Antimony Trichlo- ride. Antimony, Trichloride:— SbCl3. Terchlor- ' ide of Antimony; Antimonious Chloride; Butter of Antimony; Chloride of Anti- mony; Sesquichloride of Antimony; Caus- tic Antimony; Antimonii Chloridum (L.). Antimony, Pentachloride :— SbCl5. Antimonii Pentachloridum (L.). ' Antimony, Diaphoretic :— Antimoniate of Potash; Stibiated Kali (L.); Calcined Anti- mony; Antimoniate of Potash. Antimony, Flowers of :— Sb203. White Oxide of Antimony. Antimony, Triftuoride :— SbF3. Antimony, Pentafluoride :— SbF5. 663 Antimony, Glass of :— Vitrified Antimony; Gray Oxide of Antimony; Vitrified Oxide of Antimony; Antimonii Vitrum (L.). Antimony, Hydride :—SbH3. Stibine; Hy- drogen Antimonide; Antimonious Hy- dride. ( Antimony, Liver of :—Hepar Antimonii (L.). Antimony Trioxide :— Sb203. Antimonious Oxide; Protoxide of Antimony; Hypanti- monious Acid; Oxide of Antimony; Terox- ide of Antimony; Antimonii Oxidum (L.). Antimony, Tetroxide :— Sb204. Antimonious Acid; Antimony-Antimonate; [Cervantite]; Antimonoso-Antimonic Oxide; Diantimo- nic Tetroxide. Antimony Pentoxide :— Sb205. Antimonic Oxide. Antimony, Oxychloride of :— SbOCl. Powder of Algaroth. Antimony, Oxysulphide of :— Sb2032Sb2S8. Antimony, Red :— Oxysulphide of Antimony; Oxysulphuret of Antimony; Crocus of An- timony. See Oxysulphide, above. Antimony, Regulus of :— Regulus Antimonii (L.); Metallic Antimony. Antimony, Sulphurated :— Precipitated Sul- phide of Antimony; Oxysulphuret of Anti- mony ; Golden Sulphuret of Antimony; Antimonium Sidphuratum (L.). Antimony, Pentasulphide :— Sb2S5. Anti- monic Sulphide^ Sulphur Auratum (L.). Antimony, Trisulphide ;— Sb2S3. Antimoni- ous Sulphide; Sulphide of Antimony; Black Sulphide of Antimony; Tersulphide of An- timony; Sulphuret of Antimony; Sesqui- - sulphuret of Antimony; Gray Antimony ; LStibnite Antimonite; Antimony Glance] ; Crude Antimony; Judex Ultimus (L.). Antimony, Tartarated: — KSbOC4H406.Aq. Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (L.). Tartar Emetic; Emetic Tartar; Tartarized Anti- mony; Antimonium Tartaratum (L.). Aqua, Water: Aqua Ammoniae. See Ammonia, Solution of. Aquafortis :— Nitric Acid. Aqua Regia : — Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Aqua Vitas : — Native distilled spirit, usually French brandy. Argol :— See Potassium Bitartrate. Arsenic :— As. Arsenium ; Arsenicum ; (L.). Arsenic Anhydride :— As206. Arsenic Acid; Anhydrous Arsenic Acid; Acidum Arseni- cum (L.). Arsenious Anhydride : — As203; Arsenious Acid; Arsenic; White Arsenic; Arsenic Blanc (Ft.): [Arsenolite.] Arsenic Tribromide :— AsBr3. Sesquibromide of Arsenic; Terbromide of Arsenic; Ar- senici Bromidum (L.). Arsenic Trichloride :— AsCl3. Chloride of Ar- senic; Arsenious Chloride; Terchloride of Arsenic ; Sesquichloride of Ai'senic ; Fum- ing' Liquor of Arsenic. Arsenic, Fluoride of :— AsF3. Arsenious Fluo- ride ; Arsenic Trifl uoride ; Terfluoride of Arsenic. Arsenious Hydride :— AsH3. Arsenetted Hydrogen ; Arsine ; Trihydride of Arsenic. Arsenic Dilrydride :— AsH or As2H4. Arsenic Triodide : — Asl3. Arsenious Iodide. Arsenious Oxide :— As203. White oxide of Arsenic. Arsenic Disulphide :— As2S2. Arsenic Bisul- phide ; [Realgar] ; Red Sulphide of Arsenic ; Bisulphuret; Red Sulphuret of Arsenic. Arsenic Trisulphide : — As2S3. Arsenious Sul- phide; [Orpiment]; Yellow Sulphide of Arsenic ; Sesquisulphide of Arsenic ; Ter- sulphide of Arsenic ; Tersulphuret of Ar- senic ; King's Yellow. Arsenic Pentasulphide :— As2S5. Sulpharsenic Acid ; Persulphuret of Arsenic. Arsenide:— Arseniuret; Arseniuretum (L.). Arsenile i—Arsenis (L.). Azote :— Nitrogen ; Azotum (L.). Barium :— Ba. Barium Acetate :— Ba(C2H302). Barytce Ace- tas (L.). Barium Arseniate:— Ba3(P04)2. Barytce Ar- senics (L.). Barium Arsenite;— Ba(As02)2. Barytce Ar- senis (L.). Barium Bromide :— BaBr2. Barii Bromidum (L.). Barium Carbonate;— BaCOs. Carbonate of Baryta ; Barytce Carbonas, (L.); Boric Car- bonate. Barium Chloride ;— BaCl2.2H20. Barii Chlori- dum (L.).; Baric Chloride. 