None
1 incubator, simple square form, either entirely of copper or of galvanized iron with copper bottom. 1 mediimi-size hot-air sterilizer with double walls, asbes- tos jacket, and movable false bottom of copper plates. 1 mediimi-size steam sterilizer; either the pattern of Koch or that known as the Arnold steam sterilizer, prefer- ably the latter. MISCELLANEOUS. 1 pair of balances, capacity 1 kilogram; accurate to 0.2 grams. 1 set of cork-borers. 1 hand-lens. 1 wooden filter-stand. 2 iron stands with rings and clamps. 3 round, galvanized iron-wire baskets to fit loosely into steam sterilizer. 43 • 674 APPLICATION OF METHODS OF BACTERIOLOGY 3 square, galvanized iron-wire baskets to fit loosely into hot-air sterilizer. 1 sheet-iron box for sterilizing pipettes, etc. 1 covered agate-ware saucepan, 1200 c.c. capacity. 2 iron tripods. 1 yard of moderately heavy wire gauze. 2 test-tube racks, each holding 24 tubes, 12 in a row. 1 constant-level, cast-iron water-bath. 2 potato-knives. 2 test-tube brushes with reed or wire handles. Cotton-batting. Copper wire, wire nippers. Round and triangular files. Labels. Towels and sponges. INDEX. A Abscesses, 350-352 Acid proof bacteria^ 449 actinomycotic growth, 453 cultivation of, 451 distinguished from bacillus tuberculosis. 451 distribution of, 450 inoculation with, 452 mvcelial growth, 453 relation to bacillus tuber- culosis, 454 staining of, 449 Actinomycetes, 457 bovis, 459 Eppingeri, 467 fascinicus, 465 madurse, 463 pathogenesis of, 459, 463, 466, 467, 468 pseudotuberculosis, 468 Aerobic bacteria, 55, 227 cultivation of, Buchner's method, 227 Prankel's method, 227 Kitasato and Weil's method, 230 Park's method, 230 Aerobioscope, 663 Agar-a^ar, lactose-litmus, 142 nutrient^ 129 filtration of, 131 preparation of, 129 Agglutinins, 299 Aggressins, 299 Air, bacteriological analysis of, 660 apparatus for, 661-663 methods of, 661-665 Alexin, 289 Ammonia, test for, 225 Anaerobic bacteria, 55, 227 method of cultivation of, 227 Buchner's, 227 Fr&nkers, 227 Kitasato's, 230 Park's, 230 Animalculse. 20 Animals, cultures from, 259 blood, 260 Srecautions, 260 lers for, 234-238 inoculation of, 232-254 into eye, 247 into lymphatics, 244 into serous cavities, 245 intravascular, 239 subcutaneous, 252 observation of, 248-254 postmortem examination of, 255- 259 cultures at, 257 Anthrax, bacillus of, 583. See Bacillus anthracis. discovery of, 21 immune serum, 594 protective inoculation against, 591 Antibodies, 303 Antiseptics, determination of pro- perties of, 339 experiments with, 340 testing of, 339 Antitoxins, 273 Apparatus for beginner's labora- tory. 669-674 Amola's sterilizer, 89 Autoclave, 91 Avian tuberculosis, 455 (675) 676 INDEX B Bacilli, 66 Bacillus aerogenes capeulatus, 627 cultivation of, 627r-628 morpholog>r of, 627 pathogenesis of, 628 anthracis, 583-599 cultivation of, 586-588 discovery of, 583 experiments with, 595-599 immune serum from, 594 inoculation experiments, 589 morphology of^ 583-585 Pasteur's vaccme, 591 pathogenesis of, 589 protective inoculation against, 591 spore formation in, 584-586 staining of, 588 Chauvei, 623-627 cultivation of, 623-625 differentiation of, 626 discovery of, 622 morphology of, 622 occurrence of, 621 pathogenesis of, 625 spores of, 622 coh, 530 bacillus typhosus and, 534 cultivation of, 532-535 discovery of, 530 distribution of, 531 inoculation experiments, 535 morphology of, 532 pathogenesis of, 531 diphthense, 482-498 Dacteria simulating, 482 cultivation of, 480, 486-489 differential tests for, 497-500 stainings, 500 experiments with, 502 isolation of. 480-481 loss of virulence of, 494 morphology of, 482-486 pathogenesis of, 489-493 staining of, 489 toxin of, 493 dysentense, 541-548 agglutination of, 546 cultivation of, 542 discovery of, 541 Bacillus dysenteriiBi immune serum^ 546 inoculation experiments, 544 protective inoculations with, 547 types of, 541-546 Flexner, 541 Harris, 546 Hiss-Russell, 545 Shiga, 542 Strong, 545 edematis, 616-620 cultivation of, 616-618 discovery of, 616 how to obtain, 616, 619 inoculation experiments, 616 morphology of, 616 pathogenesis of, 619 spores of, 616 where found, 616 enteriditis sporogenes, 628 influenzse, ^4 cultivation of, 426 demonstration of, 426 discovery of, 425 distribution of, 425 location of, 428 morphology of, 426 pathogenesis of, 429 vitality of, 427 leprae, 448 characteristics of, 448 location of, in tissues, 448 microchemical characters of, 449 mallei (of glanders), 472 agglutination of, 478 cultivation of, 473 inoculation experiments, 475 morphology of, 472 pathogenesis of, 475-476 resistance of, 473 staining of, 476 of symptomatic anthrax, 623 parat3rphosu8, 538-540 characteristics of, 538 discovery of, 538 r61e of, in diiaease, 538 pestiSj 392 antiserum, 399 cultivation of, 393-394 discovery of, 372. INDEX 677 Bacillus pestis, flea as carrier of, 395 history of, 391 inoculation against, 397 morphology of, 392 pathogenesis of, 394 portals of entry of, 395-396 resistance of, 394 staining of, 393 vaccination in, 397 variations in, 395 pseudotuberculosis, 457, 468 pyocyaneus, 383. See Pseudo- monas seruginosa. smegmatis, 449 sporo^es, 628 cultivation of, 629 distribution of, 628 pathogenesis of, 629 tetani, 606-615 antitoxin, 614 colonies of, 609 cultivation of, 609 discovery of, 606 inoculation experiments, 611 morpholog}^ or, 608 pathogenesis of, 611 poisons of. 612 relation or, to germicides, 610 resistimce of, 610 spores of, 608, 610 to obtain, 606-608 tuberculosis, 441. See Tubercu- losis. avium, 455 general characters of, 455-457 typhosus, 508-530 agglutination of, 515 cultivation of, 509-511 in drinking water, 519 isolation from, 520 methods of, 520 Endo-media of, 524 enriching media of, 521 flagella of. 509 indol production, 511 inoculation experiments, 513. isolation of^ 513, 520 Drigolski-Conradi method, 522 Endo method, 524 precipitation method, 526 Bacillus typhosus, morphology of, 508 prophylactic vaccination, 526 staining; of, 509, 512 in tissues, 512 Welchi, 627 xerosis, 499 Bacteria, acid proof, 449 aerobic, 55 anaerobic, 55, 227 autolysis of, 54 biochemic diaracters of, 184 chemotaxis of, 60 chromogenic, 37 classification of, 33 colonies of, 193 commensal, 401, 413, 416 composition of. 65 cooperating, 58 cultures of, 193-196 definition of, 33 denitrifying. 39, 602 discovery or, 17 electricity and, 60 enzymes of^ 44 coagulatmg, 49 diastatic, 49 inverting, 49 properties of, 44, 51 proteolytic, 48 sugar splitting, 50 facultative, 55, 231 flagella of, 74r-75 ^uping of, 66 importance of, 35 involution of. 68-69 isolation of, Koch's observations on, 104 principles involved, 105 m pure culture, 104, 110 life processes of, 35 light and, 59 metabolism of, 33 metatrophic, 34 moisture and, 59 morphology of, 63-66 motility of, 74 multiplication of, 66-70 nitrifying. 38, 600-606 nitrogen fixing, 39, 600-606 nutrition of, 52-55 natural, 33 678 INDEX Bacteria, parasitic, 40-44 specinc functions of, 40-44 paratrophic, 34 pathogenic properties of, 197 peculiarities of, 33 photo^nic, 37 place in nature, 35 pressure and, 59 products of, 53-54 prototrophic, 34 reduction by, 223 relation to oxygen, 55 results of disease, 29 saprogenic, 37 saproplwtic, 34-40 specinc functions of, 36-40 size of, 63 spores of, 72-74 structure of, 63-65 symbiosis, 58 systematic study of, 191 bio-chemisUy, 193-196 biology, 193 enzymes, 197 gas from, 197 Bght and, 196 morphology, 192 pathogenesis, 197 pigment' and, 196 reaction, 197 temperature and, 56 thennal death-point of, 94 thermophilic, 57 thiogemc, 38. Colonies, macroscopic characteris- tics of, 165 study of, 165-167 Colony-formation, 166 Commensal relations, 401, 413, 416 Complement, 302-311, 316, 31^ 321 fixation of, 316 applications of, 31^321 origin of, 303 specificity of, 303 Cooling chamber for plates, 151, 152 Comma bacillus, 549 Corrosive sublimate, 334 Cover-slip preparations, 172 examination of, 208-211 hanging block, 213 drop, 209 impression, 176 staining of, 171, 632 steps in making and staining, 172-176 Culture media, 111-144 Cultures, filtration of, 226 from blood, 260 gelatin, 214 hanging block, 213 drop, 209 ' potato, 194, 215 pure, 167 smear, 167 stab, 167 test-tube, 167 Dark-field illumination, 207 Davaine, 21 Decolorizing solutions, 180 Pappenneim's, 183 Defenses of body, 277 antibodies, 279 antidotes, 278 blood serum, 279 ciliated epithelium, 277 gastric juice, 277 germicidal juices, 278 orificial hairs, 27/ phagocytic cells, 278 skin, 277 Denitrification, 39, 602 Dentrifying bacteria, 38, 602 Diphtheria, 480 antitoxin, 503 production of, 504 standardization of, 505 Behring, 505 EhrUch, 506 bacillus of, 482. ^ee Bacillus diphtheris. bacteriological diagnosis of, 480,482 variations in, 483 varieties of, 493, 495, 496-497 Diplococcus, 67 mtracellularis meningitidis, 377. See Micrococcus intracelluiaris. Dishes, Petri, 152 Disinfectants, determination of properties of, 331 expenments with. 340 mode of action ox, 96-109 testing of, 331 methods of precaution, 334 680 INDEX Disinfectants, testing of, methods of precaution, Braatz's work, 335 Geppert's work, 335 Disinfection, 95-103 practical, 101 Dry heat, experiments, 330 Duckwall's staining method, 189 Durhmn's fermentation tube, 220 solution, 140 Djmentery, 641 antiserum, 547 bacillus of, 541. ^ee Bacillus dysenterise. protective inoculation against, 547 E Eberth, 27 EhrUch, 27, 296 and Morgenroth, 300 side chain theory of, 296 Emboli of micrococci, 351 Endotoxins, 46, 274 action of, 276 distinction of, from toxins, 276 immunity for, 277 Enzymes, 44-50 coagulating, 49 diastatic, 49 inverting, 49 proteolytic, 48 su^ar splitting, 50 Erysipelas, 359 Esmarch's counting apparatus, 658 tubes, 153 Booker's method, 154 Experiments, contact, 325 exposure^ 325 sterilization, 327 Facultative bacteria, 55 Fehleisen, 27 Fermentation, 216 early views on, 28 tube, 218-221 Durham's, 219 Ferments, 44-45 Filter, folding of, 126 Filterable virus, 261 nature of, 265 study of, 263-265 where found, 265 Filtere, bacterial, 226 Fish, 296 Fixation of complement, 316 Flagella, 74-75 staining of, 187-189 Flasks, preparation of, 145 Flexner, 382 Gas-pressube regulators, 163 Gelatin, agar mixture, 144 cultures, 214 filtration of, 126 lactose-litmus, 142 nutrient, 175 preparation of; 125 Generation, spontaneous, 22-25 Geppert, 335 Glandere, 470 bacillus of, 472. See Bacillus mallei. diagnosis of, 478 by aggdutination, 478 bv maUein, 478 pathology of, 476 Glassware, preparation of, 145 Gonococcus, 370. See Micrococcus gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhea, cause of, 370 Gram's method of staining, 184 Guamiari's medium, 144 Hanginq-block cultures, 213 Hanging-drop cultures, 209 Haptophores, 301 Harvey, 25 Havina, 364r-367 Hemolysis, 312 alien blood and, 312, 313 Landois on, 312 mechanism of, 314-316 INDEX 681 Hemolytic reaction, 312 system, 315 Henle, 21 Hiss' medium, 143 Hoffman, 23 Holders for animals, 234-238 Hydrogen-ion concentration, 115 Hydrogen sulphide, test for, 224 Hypodermic needle, 241 syringes, 244 Illumination, dark-field, 207 Immune bodies, 303 Immunity, 277-311 acc^uired, 280 active, 281 alien proteins, 299 Behring and Kitasato on, 290 Buchner on, 289 Chauveau on, 286 conclusions on, 305-311 diverse reactions in, 302 Ehrlich's side-chain theory, 300 receptors, 300 ''exhaustion'' hypothesis, 287 historic sketch of, 285 Metchnikoff's doctrine, 287 natural, 280 Nuttall's work in, 288 opsonic doctrine, 294 Passive, 281 'asteur's doctrine, 287 Keiffer's reaction, 292 phagocjrtosis, 287 ''retention" hypothesis, 287 Roux and Yersm on, 290' views on, 304-311 Wright and Douglass on, 278 Immunology, beginnings, 28 Incubator, 157 Indicators. 119 Indol proauction, 221 tests for, 222 Infection, 266 mechanism of, 272, 309 types of, 266-272 views on, 30^311 Influenza, bacillus of, 424. See Bacillud influenzffi. Influenza, filterable virus in, 425 historic outbreaks of, 424 pneumococci in, 425 streptococci in, 425 Inoculation methods, 232-254 eye, 247 lymphatics, 244 needles and syringes for, 241, 244 serous cavities, 245 subcutaneous, 232 vessels, 239 Intracellular toxins, 46, 274 Involution, 68 Isolation of bacteria in pure cul- ture, 104-110 of pathogenic organisms in the sputum, 401 Klebs, 26, 27, 30 Koch, 30 Koch-Ehrlich aniline water solu- tion, 178 Koch's postulates, 440 safety burner, 159 sterilizer, 88 Laboratort outfit, 669-674 Lactose Utmui^agar, 142 Landois, 312 Leeuwenhoek, 17, 19 Lens, oil-immersion, 208 Leprosy^ bacillus of. 448 Leptospira, ictero-nemorrhagiro, 631 icteroides, 631 Letzerich, 27 Liebig, 28 Litmus gelatin of Wurtz, 142 milk, growth of bacteria in, 138 Litmus-whey milk, 140 Loffler. 32 Loffler^s alkaline methylene-bluc solution, 178 method of staining flagella, 187 serum mixture, 143 Lukomsky, 27 Lysin, 299 682 INDEX Mauonant edema, bacillus of, 616. See Bacillus edematis. Mallein, 478 Media, culture, 111-144 agar-agar, 129 blood-Berum, 133 from small animals, 132 preservation of, 138 bouillon, 124 Dunham's peptone solution, 140 gelatin, 125 -agar mixture, 144 lactose-litmus agar, 142 litmus-gelatin, 142 Loffler's serum mixture, 143 milk, 138 litmus-whey, 140 neutralization of, 111-123 potatoes, 132 ■ reaction of, 111-123 changes in, 215 determination of hydrogen- ion concentration, 115-124 litmus, 110 method of Bamett and Chapmian, 120 titration, 113 serum-water, of Hiss, 143 Meningitis, cerebrospinal, 377 antiserum for, 382 coccus causing, 377 Meningococcus, 377. See Micro- coccus intracellularis. types^ 381 Mercurial thermoregulator, 161 Metatrophic bacteria, 34 Metchnikoff, 287 Micrococci, 66 Micrococcus aureus, 345 abscesses from, 349 antiserum for, 353 characteristics of, 345-352 cultural, 346-348 pathogenic, 348 inoculation with, 348 microscopic stuay of, 359 source, 345 toxins, 352 citreus, 354 Micrococcus epidermidis • albus, 354 gonorrhea, 370-377 characteristics of, 376 cultivation of, 371-374r morphology, 370 organisms simulating, 375 pathogenesis of, 374 peculiarities of, 376 stainine reactions of, 371 intracellularis, 377 antiserum for, 382 cultures of, 378 discovery of, 377 inoculation with, 380 morphology of, 377 peciiliarities of, 378 varieties of, 381 , lanceolatus, 369 pyogenic, 345-368 tetragenus, 421 Microscope, parts of, 204 Microscopic examination, 204, 207- 211 Microspira comma, 54^573. See Cholera. Metchnikovi, 674-579 cultivation of, 575-578 discovery of, 574 immunity from, 579 inoculation experiments, 578 morphology of, 674 pathogenesis of, 578 resistance of, 678 source of, 574 Schuylkilliensis. 580-682 cultivation ot, 580-681 morphology of. 680 pathogenesis ot, 681 Miliary abscesses, 350-362 Milk as culture medium, 138 preparations of, 138 bacteriological analysis of, 666 microscopic, 666, 668 qualitative, 667 quantitative, 667 Moitessier's gas pressure regulator, 163 Molecular tremor, 210 Morphology of bacteria, 63, 192 Motility of bacteria, 74 Mouth, organisms in, 401 INDEX 683 Moxter, 299 Multiplii^tion of bacteria, 66, 70 N Nabsiloff, 27 Needham, 22 Neisser, 370 Neutralization of culture media. See Reaction. Nitrates, reduction of, 224 Nitrifying bacteria, 38, 600-^06 cultivation of, 603 function of, 600-602 morphology of, 603-606 where found, 600 Nitrites, tests for, 224 Nitrogen fixation, 39, 602 Nocard and Roux, 263 Nutrition of bacteria, 52-55 Nuttall's platinum spear, 257, 293 Oertel, 27 Ogston, 368 Oil-immersion lens, 208 system, 208 Opsonin, 294 Orth, 27 Oven incubator, 158 Oxygen, cultivation without, 227 relation of bacteria to, 55 Ozanam, 21 Paxes' counting apparatus, 657 Pappenheim's decolorizer, 183 Parasitic bacteria, 34-36 Paratrophic bacteria, 34 Parat^nmoid bacillus, 538. See Bacillus parat3rpho6us. Passet, 368 Pasteur, 21, 23, 28, 30 Pathogenic properties of bacteria, 266-272 Peptone, purity of, 141 solution, 140 Pest, 391 Petri dish, 152 Phagocytosis, 287 Photogenic bacteria, 37 Plague, 391-400 antiserum, 399 bacillus, 392. See Bacillus pes- tis. historic outbreaks of, 391 protective inoculation, 397 reports on, 400 Plates, in isolating bacteria in pure culture, 149-153 Plenciz, 20, 21 Pleuro-pneumonia of cattle, 263 Pneumococcus, 404 Pneumonia, 414 antiserum, 419 bacterium of, 404 cultivation of, 407 discovery of, 406 immunization, 419 inoculation of, 405, 408 morphology of, 405, 406 pathogenesis of, 409 types, 410-412 * crisis in, 417 mechanism of infection, 414 PoUender, 21, 27 Post-mortem examination of ani- mals, 255-259 Postulates of Koch, 440 Potato culture, 194, 215 preparation of, 132 Precipitins, 299 Proteins, bacterial, 51 Prototrophic bacteria, 34 Pseudodiphtheric bacteria, 497 Pseudomonas seruginosa, 383 color variations in, 384 cultivation of, 384-385 enzymes of, 388 experiments, 384, 388 inoculation of, 390 morphology of, 383 pathogenesis of, 390 Pseudotuberculosis, bacteria of, 457, 468 Ptomains, 44, 51 Pure cultures, 167 isolation of, 149 plates, 149 serial tubes, 155 p 684 INDEX Pyocyaneus bacillus, 363. See Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyogenic bactena, common, 34&- 368 less common, 368 B Reaction, adjustment of, 111-124 Bamett and Chapman, 120 changes in, 215 hydrogen-ion concentration, 1 15- 124 litmus as indicator, 111 pH values, 115-124 titration method, 113-115 Receptors, 301 Recklinghausen, 27 Reduction by bacteria, 223 Regulators, pressure, 164 thermo-, 160-163 Resistance, 277 Rhinitis, membranous, bacteria of, 494 Rindfleisch, 26 Rosenbach, 268 Roux and Yersin, 290. 8 Saliva, study of, 403 Sanderson, 29 Saprogenic bacteria, 37 Saprophytic bacteria, 34-35, specific functions of, 36-40 chromogenesis, 37 denitrification, 39 nitrification, 38 nitrogen fixing, 39 photogenesis, 37 saprogenesis, 37 thiogenesis, 38 zymogenesis, 38 Sarcina, 68 totragena, 421 cultivation of, 422 discovery of, 421 inoculation of, 423 morphology of, 421 Schaofer, 334 Schizomycetes, 33 Schroder and Dusch, 23 Schulse, 23 Sedgwick and Tucker, 663 Septicemia, sputum, 404 Serial tube method of separation, 155 Serum, blood. See Blood serum. Serum-water media of Hiss, 143 Sewage streptococci, 659 presence of, in water, 660 Skin disinfection, 343 Smear cultures, 167 Smegma bacillus, 449 Soil, bacteria in, 665 isolation of, 665 Spallanzani, 30 Species, types of, 203 variations of, 199 Spirilla, 67-70 Spirillum of Asiatic cholera, 549- 574. See Cholera, bacteria of. Metchnikovi, 574. See Micro- spira Metchnikovi. Schuylkilliensis, 580. See Micro- spira Schuylkilliensis. SpirochsetacesB, 629-636 classification of, 62^-630 definition of, 629 detection of, 632 in smears, 632 in tissues, 634 genera of, 630 leptospira, 631 ictero-hemorrhagise, 631 icteroides, 631 spironemia, 630 in relapsing fever, 630 treponema, 631 pallada, 631 pertenue, 631 Spironema of relapsing fever, 630 Spores, discovery of, 24 formation of, 72-74, 211 methods of study, 209-213 staining of, 186 Sputum, bacteria in, 401-403 Stab cultures, 167 Staining, 176^190 cover slips, 172, 632 methods, 176 acetic acid, 185 INDEX 685 Staining methods, aniline water, 178 carbol-fuchsin, 179 Duckwairs, 189 flagella, 187 Gabbett's, 183 Gram's, 184 Loffler's, 178 Neisser's, 500 of spirocheta pallida, 632, 633 spores, 186 Stem's, 633 of tubercle bacillus, 181 solutions, 176-190 Koch-EhrUch's, 178 Loffler's blue, 178 Ziehl's carbol-fuchsin, 179 Staphylococcus, 67 aureus, 345. See Micrococcus aureus, citreus, 354 epidermidis albus, 354 Staphylotoxin, 352 Steam, sterilization by, 80-90. experiments, 327-330 Sterilization, chemical, 95 definition of, 7&-78 experiments in, 327-330 heat, 78 methods, 79 direct, 85 discontinued, 80-85 fractional, 80-85 hot air, 91-94 pressure, 90 steam, 87-95 Sterilizers, 88-93 Sternberg, 339, 406 Stern's staining method, 633 Streptococci, 67 Streptococcus hemolyticus, 360 pyogenes, 354, 355-368 antiserum, 367 cultivation of, 357-359 hemolysis from, 360 inoculations, 359-361 isolation of, 355 morphology of, 356 pathogenesis of, 359-361 source of, 359 types of, 363 variations and varieties of, 361 Streptococcus pyogenes viridans, 358 virulence of, 360-361 Suppuration, causes of, 368-370 Sweet's animal holder, 236 Symbiosis, 58 Symptomatic anthrax, bacillus of, 621 S3rphilis, diagnosis of, 319 treponema of, 631 Test-tube cultures, 167 preparing and filling of, 146 Tests for ammonia, 225 for hydrogen sulphide, 224 for indol, 221 for nitrates, 224 for nitrites, 224 for toxins, 226 Tetanus, antitoxin for, 614 bacillus of, 606-615 Tetrads, 68 Thermal death-point, 94 Thermo regulators, 160-163 Thermophilic bacteria, 57 Thiogemc bacteria, 38 Tiegel, 29, 30 Toxins, 44, 46, 47, 272 action of, 272 antitoxins, 273 bacterial, 226, 272 formation of, 226 inmiunity from, 277 intracellular, 274 nature of, 272 reactions of, 272 tests for, 226 Toxoids, 274 Toxones, 274 Treponema pallada, 631 pertenue, 631 Treviranus, 30 Tubercles, miliary, 406 Tuberculin, 446 Tuberculosis, bacillus of, 441-448 cultivation of, 441 isolation of. propnylactic vaccination in, 526 vaccine in, preparation of, 528 water and, 519 Widal's reaction in, 515 Unstained preparations, 207, 209 Vaccination, bacterial, 281 Van Dungeon, 296 Variation of species, 199 Variations and varieties of bacteria, 199 Vibrio Metchnikovi, 574. See Microspira Metchnikovi. Schuylkilliensis, 580. See Micro- spira Schuylkilliensis. Vibrion septiciue, 616. See Bacil- lus edematis. Viruses, filtrable, 261 ultra-microscopic, 261 W Waldeyer, 26 Wassermann reaction, 319 Water bacteria, 641 bacteriological study of, 637-660 collection of samples for, 647 colon bacteria, 641 counting colonies in, 654 apparatus, 655-658 disease from, 638 interpretation of results, 635-643 objects of, 638 pathogenic bacteria in, 646 precautions in, 644 qualitative, 643 special methods, 648 quantitative, 649 methods, 649-654 sewage in 659 typhoid bacteria, 640 Weichselbaum, 377 Weigert. 30, 296 Weigert s doctrine, hyperplasia, 296 Welchii bacterium, 627 Widal's reaction, 517 Wilde, 27 Wolfifhtigel's counting apparatus, 655 Wound infections, 26-27 Wright and Douglass, 293-294 Wurtz, litmus gelatin of, 142 X Xerosis bacillus, 499 differentiation of, 500-501 Ziehl'b carbol-fuchsin solution, 179 Z3rmogenic bacteria, 38 Z3rmophores, 302 s< \ I I J.- •*; YC 1 10784 (>89(>30 / BIOLOGV UBRARY G UNIVERSmr OF CAUFORNIA LIBRARY I * *. 