None
of Physiol., 1902,28,375-94) 39 1 163. Vernon, H. M., " The Protective Value of Proteids and their Decomposition Pro- ducts on Trypsin" (Journ. of Physiol. , 1904, 31, 346-58) . . . • 43 164. Visser, A. W., " Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und chemisches Gleichgewicht in homogenen Systemen und deren Anwendung auf Enzymwirkungen " (Zeit. f. physik. Chem., 1905, 52, 257-309) .... . . . 12, 28, 46, 48 165. Weinland, E., " Ueber Antifermente. I. " (Zeit.f. Biol., 1903, 44, 1-15) . . 66 166. Weinland, E., " Ueber Antifermente. II. Zur Frage, weshalb die Wand von Magen und Darm wahrend des Lebens durch die proteolytische Fermente nicht angegriffen wird" (£>**./. Biol., 1903, 44, 45-60) 68 167. Whetham, W. C. D., " Ionic Velocities " (Phil. Trans., 1893, 184, A, 337-59) . 15 168. Whetham, W. C. D., " On the lonisation of Dilute Solutions at the Freezing Point" (Phil. Trans., 1900, 194, A, 321-60) . . . « • * • 2^ 169. Wiechowski, W., " Eine Methode zur chemischen und biologischen Untersuch- ung iiberlebender Organe " (Beitr. z. chem. Physiol. u. Path., 1907, 9, 232-46). 22 170. Wiechowski, W., und H. Wiener, " Ueber Eigenschaften und Darstellung des harnsaurezerstorenden Fermentes der Rinderniere und Hundeleber " (Beitr. z. chem. Physiol. u. Path., 1907, 9, 247-94) ... 22 171. Zsigmondy, R., Zur Erkenntnis der Kolloide. Jena, 1905 . . . V . 13 172. Zsigmondy, R., " Ueber Teilchengro'ssen in Hydrosolen " (Zeit.f. Elektrochemie, 1906, No. 33, 631-35) 13 186. Zunz, E., "Contribution a l'e"tude des proteoses" (Arch, internat.de Physiol., 1907, 5» 245-56) • • ,••'... ••••"•; .... .... . . 62 INDEX. ACCELERATION of action, causes of, 46, 49. Accelerators contrasted with co-enzymes, 65. Acetone as precipitant and dehydrant, 23. Acid, hydrolysis by, i, 2, 8, 12, 36, 60. — production of, in invertase action, 49. in trypsin action, 35, 48. Active oxygen, 71, 72. Adsorption, 14, 59. — affinity, 18, 62. — compounds, 16, 59. — law of, 16, 59. — of charged colloids, 16, 17, 63. — of enzymes, 19, 33, 62. — specific, 61, 70. Alanine, 41. Alcohol as precipitant, 23. — production from sugar, 7, 9. Alkali, effect on rate of trypsin action, 48. Amino-acids, electrical conductivity of, 25. — formed by pepsin, 9. trypsin, 9, 24, 26. — protecting trypsin from destruction, n, 43- — retarding action of trypsin, 35. Amylase, 6, 8, n, 15, 19, 26, 29, 32, 42, 54, 58, 74- — not protein nor carbohydrate, 19. Anti-enzymes, 33, 63, 66, 67. — as synthesizing agents, 33. Antiseptics, 20, 58. — action on enzymes, 20, 58. — to distinguish enzymes from living cells, 20, 58. Anti-pepsin, 66, 68. Anti-toxins, 17, 66. Anti-trypsin of intestinal worms, 66. • — of serum and of egg-white, 67. Arbutin, 44. Asparagine, effect on amylase, 58. Assimilation of CO2 and its optimum tem- perature, 52, 53. Autocatalysis, in ester hydrolysis, 49. — in lactone formation, 49. — positive and negative, 49, 75. Autolytic enzyme in "pepsin" and "tryp- sin," 76. Autolysis in preparation of invertase, 21. BILE-SALTS as co-enzyme for lipase, 66. Biological method of purifying enzymes, 22. Bi-rotation of glucose, 26. Biuret reaction, 25. Blood, coagulation of, 73. CALCIUM salts, effect on enzymes and zymo- gens, 63,65, 69,73. Carbohydrate constituents of some enzymes, 19. Carbon dioxide assimilation, 52, 53, 73. Catalase, 71, 73. Catalysis, distinguished from chemical com- bination in ratio of combining pro- portion, 3. — final result independent of concentra- tion of catalyst, 3, 10. — in general, i. — negative, 2. Catalysts, change during reaction, 3, 33. — definite chemical bodies, 5, 20. — definition of, i, 3. — disappearance during reaction, 2, n. — minute quantity active, 3,12. — non-appearance in final products, 3. Catalytic action of HC1 in ester-formation, 4, 5- Causes of acceleration, 46, 49. — retardation, 35, 39, 46, 48, 49. Cell-activities in relation to enzymes, 20, 58. Charcoal, occlusion of gases by, 59. Chemical changes in living organisms, i, 75. — configuration of surfaces, 59, 61. Chlorophyll function, 52, 73. Coagulation of blood, 73. Co-enzymes, 22, 57, 65, 69. Colloidal characters of enzymes, 13, 20. — complexes, 16. — gold, sizes of particles, 13. — platinum, 3, 13, 52, 60. optimum temperature, 52. — solutions, permanency of, 17. Colloids, action of electrolytes on, 18. — diffusibility of, 14, 15, 18. — electric charge of, 14, 15. — general properties of, 13. — hysteresis of, 15. — mutual precipitation, 16, 18. — osmotic pressure of, 14, 15, 18. Combination between catalyst and substrate, enzyme and substrate, 12, 33, 40, 42, 44, 55, 59- products, 33, 40, 43, 49. Comparing relative strengths of enzyme- solutions, 24, 26, 55. Concentration (evaporation) of solutions of enzymes, 23. Concentration of enzyme, effect on rate of change, 42, 48, 55. as affecting final result, 10. — substrate, as affecting rate of change, 42, 49. 55- Conductivity, electrical, as method, 25, 26. 87 88 INDEX Configuration of surface in relation to ad- sorption, 61, 62. Congo-red, 14, 15, 17, 18, 60, 61, 63. Copper-reducing power as method, 24. Coupled reactions, 72. DESTRUCTION of enzyme during reaction, n, 33, 34. 39, 49, 54- Dextrin, synthesis of, 32, 55. Dextrinase, 15, 32, 54, 74. Diastase, 6, 15, 19, 54. Diffusibility of colloids, 14, 15, 18. — enzymes, 13, 15, 20. Diffusion factor in heterogeneous reactions, 5°- — temperature coefficient of, 50. Dilatometer, as method, 25. Directive action of catalyst and enzyme, 2, 9- Disintegration of cells for extraction of enzymes, 22. ELECTRIC charge of colloids, 14, 15. enzymes, 15, 16, 62, 63. solids in water, 15, 17. Electrical conductivity of amino-acids, 25. as method, 25, 26. in trypsin action, 25. Electrolytes, action on colloids, 18, 23. enzymes, 57, 63, 66. Electro-negative colloids, 15. Electro-positive colloids, 15. Emulsin, 12, 24, 31, 33, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 61, 74. — in yeast, 32. Enterokinase, n, 69. Enzyme-action, reversibility of, 28, 75. Enzymes, action of antiseptics, 20. — as catalysts, 6. — as colloids, 13, 19, 57, 59. — as properties of matter, 20. — chemical nature of, 13, 19, 70. — destroyed by boiling, 12, 20. — diffusibility, 13, 20. — electric charge of, 15, 16, 62, 63. — instability of, n, 15, 19, 21, 33. — intra-cellular, 21. — name suggested by Kuehne, 6. — not nucleo-proteins, 19. — optical activity of, 19, 41, 70. — preparation of, 21. — " radio-activity " of, 20. — specificity of, 31, 40, 61, 72. Equation for enzyme action, 50. Equilibrium, alteration of, when catalyst changes during reaction, 4, 33, 50, 61. — as affected by nature or concentration of catalyst, 4, 12. — definition of, 4, 45, 47. — unaffected by " intensity- factor," 50. — Van't Hoff on, 31, 76. — with emulsin, 32. — with enzymes in general a genuine one, 33. 46- — with invertase, 12, 28, 46. — with lipase, 29, 30, 45, 48. — with maltase, 32, 55. — with trypsin, 33, 35. Erepsin, 8, 21, 34, 74. Ester-hydrolysis in heterogeneous system, 50, 60. Ethyl-butyrate, synthesis of, 12, 29. Evaporation of solutions of enzymes, 23. Exponential law of adsorption, 16, 17, 59. enzyme-concentration and action, 56, 60. Extinction temperature, 54. FARADAY-TYNDALL phenomenon, 13. Fat absorption, 30. — synthesis, 30. Ferments, soluble and organised, 6. Fibrin, 19, 24, 70. — an adsorption-compound, 73. Fibrin-ferment, 73. Final result of reaction independent of amount of enzyme, n. Formaldehyde, action on enzymes, 20. — method of Sorensen, 23. — produced in photo-synthesis, 73. Freezing-point determinations, as method, 25. GELATIN, action of trypsin on, 34, 25, 55, 57. General equation for enzyme-action, 50. Gentianose, 74. Glucosides, stereochemistry of, 30, 61. Glycogen formation, 28, 29. Glycyl-tyrosine hydrolysed by yeast-juice, 44. HAEMOGLOBIN diffuses into gelatin, 15, 18. Heat, action on enzymes, 12, 20, 26, 64. Heterogeneous systems, diffusion-factor, 50. reactions in, 50, 60, 75. Homogeneous systems, reactions in, 50. Hormones, 66. Hydrogen peroxide, 3, 5, 7, 60, 71. in photo-synthesis, 73. Hydrolysis by acids contrasted with that by enzymes, 8, 28, 29, 60, 76. — in heterogeneous system, 50. — of cane-sugar, 8, 36, 38, 49, 60. — caseinogen, 8. — starch by water, 8. Hydrolyte, 7. Hysteresis in colloids, 15. INSTABILITY of enzymes, u, 15, 19, 33. Integration, 37. Intensity-factor, 46, 48, 49, 51. Intermediate-compounds, 4, 12, 40, 41, 44. not universal explanation, 5. Intra-cellular enzymes, 21. Investigation of enzyme-action, general methods, 23. Invertase, 12, 15, 19, 26, 28, 40, 42, 46, 49, 5°. 74- — action of heat on, 42. — positive auto-catalysis in, 49. — preparation of, 21. — reversibility of, 12, 28. — velocity of reaction, 38. Iron, catalyst for oxidation, i, 72. Isolactose, 32. Isomaltose, 31. LACCASE, 65, 72. Lactacidase, 74. Lactase, velocity of reaction, 38, 42. INDEX 89 Lactic acid, oxidised by peroxide and per- oxidase, 72. Law of adsorption, 16. Leucine, 41. Leuco-base of malachite-green, 25. Linear law of rate of change, 42. enzyme-concentration, 56. Lipase, 12, 25, 29, 30, 41, 46, 50, 60, 63, 65. — reversibility of, 12, 29, 30, 48. — solubilities of, 60, 63. Living organism, peculiarity of chemical changes in, I. " Lock and key " simile, 40, 61. Logarithmic curve, 37. - law, 37, 46. MALACHITE-GREEN, leuco-base of, 25. Maltase, 12, 31, 32, 40, 42, 55, 61. — synthesis by, 12, 29, 31, 32. Maltose, synthesis of, 12, 31, 32. Mandelic esters, 41. Manganese and laccase, 65. — as catalyst in oxidations, i, 72. Mass-action, law of, 36. Mathematical formulae, value of in biological science, 36, 51. Methyl-acetate, 28. Methyl-glucosides, 31, 44, 61. Mett's tubes, 24, 50. Mixtures of enzymes, 32. Model to illustrate catalysis, 2, 9. Myrosin, 25. NATURE of combination between enzyme and substrate, 33, 41, 59, 75. Negative auto-catalysis, 49. Negative catalysis, 2. Nicotine as optically active catalyst, 77. Night-blue, 15, 17. Non-antagonism of physical and chemical points of view, 18. Nucleo-proteins, 19. OPTICAL activity as method, 24. of enzymes, 19, 41, 70. of organic catalysts, 77. Optical factor, 24, 31. Optimum temperature, 12, 52, 54, 75. in case of colloidal platinum, 52. Osmotic pressure of colloids, 14, 15, 18. Oxidation systems, 71. Oxydase, 72. PARANUCLEIN, synthesis of, 34. Pectase, 65. Pepsin, 8, 19, 20, 21, 25, 34, 57, 69. Pepsinogen, 69, 70. Peptones, electrical conductivity of, 25. — production of in enzyme actions, 9, 26. Permanency of colloidal solutions, 17. Permolybdic acid formed as intermediate compound, 5. Peroxidase, 25, 71, 72. Peroxides, 71. Phosphates as activators of yeast-juice, 66. Phosphorus, separation from caseinogen by trypsin and by alkali, 9. — absent from pepsin, 19. Physical consistency, changes in, not best method, 24. Plastein, 34. Polarimeter, as method, 24, 27. Polypeptides, action of trypsin, etc., on, 8, 35, 41, 76. — as substrate, 24, 35, 41. Positive auto-catalysis, 49. Precipitation of enzymes, 23. Preparation of enzymes, 21. Products, retardation of reaction by, 35, 40. Proportionality of final result to concentra- tion of enzyme, n. Protamine, synthesis of, 34. Protection of enzyme from heat-destruction by substrate or products, 42, 43. Protection of alimentary canal from action of enzymes, 68. Protein reactions of certain enzymes, 19. Proteoses, production by enzymes, 26. Prothrombin, 73. Protoplasmic activity and antiseptics, 20, 58. "RADIO-ACTIVITY " of enzymes, 20. Raffinose, 74. Refractive index as method, 25. Rennet, 12, 34, 63. Resistance of mucous membrane to en- zymes, 68. Result of enzyme-action independent of amount of catalyst, n. Retardation by products of reaction, 35, 40. — causes of, 35, 40. Reversible reactions, 4, 45. as catalysed by enzymes, 12. effect of catalysts on, 4. Reversibility in relation to action of pro- ducts, 35, 43. — of amylase, 29, 32. — of emulsin, 12, 32. — of invertase, 12, 28. — of lipase, 12, 29. — of maltase, 12, 29, 31. Revertose, 31, 32. SALICIN, synthesis of, 12, 45. Side-chain theory, 63. Sinigrin, 25. Slow combination of oxygen-hydrogen gas, 3. Solid solution, 59. Solubilities of enzymes, 19, 60, 63. Specificity of adsorption, 61, 70. — of enzymes, 31, 40, 61, 72. Spectro-photometer as method, 25. Square-root law of Schiitz, 55. Stability of enzymes, n, 15, 19, 21, 33. Stages of reactions, 26. Starch, action of acids on, 8. diastase on, 8, 42, 55. — formation, 29. Stereo-chemistry of glucosides, 30. Stopping a reaction, methods of, 26. Substrate defined, 7. Supersaturated solutfons, 2. Surface condensation, 5, 59. — in colloidal solution, 14. Surface-tension, 14. Synthesis by lipase, 12, 29, 30. — importance of small amount, 29. 9o INDEX Synthesis of dextrin, 32. - of ethyl-butyrate, 12, 29. — of higher fats, 30. — of saccharose, 28, 46. — of salicin, 12, 45. — of starch, 28, 29. Synthetic action of proteoclastic enzymes, 34. — enzymes, 33. TEMPERATURE-COEFFICIENT of diffusion, 50. of a physical process, 50, 61. Temperature, effect on ionisation of water, 8. — effect on velocity of enzyme-action, 26, 52, 61. — of destruction of enzymes, 12, 20, 54. — optimum, 12, 52, 54, 75. - Van't Hoff s rule of effect of, 52, 53. Terminology of enzymes, 7. Thrombase, 73. Thrombogen, 73. Thrombokinase, 73. Time-factor in destruction of enzymes, etc., 52. Toluene as antiseptic, 20, 58. Toxoids, 63. Trigger action, 2, 9. Trypsin, 8, 10, 15, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35, 38, 41, 48, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 64, 76. — effect of alkali on rate of action, 48. Trypsin negative auto-catalysis, 48. - not activator of OH ions, 9. — velocity of reaction, 10. Trypsinogen, n, 21, 69. Tyrosinase, 72. Tyrosine, 41. ULTRA-MICROSCOPE in enzyme-action, 15, 62. Unimolecular reaction, formula for, 37. Uranyl-phosphate method of precipitation, 23, 70- Uricolytic enzyme, 22. VALENCY in effect of electrolytes on colloids, 18. Velocity-constant of reactions, 37. Velocity of reaction, 36. Viscosity, as method, 24, 27. — of proteins, 24. YEAST, emulsin in, 32. — preparation of enzymes from, 21. — press-juice, action on glycyl-tyrosine, 44. co-enzyme of, 65. ZYMASE, n, 22, 23, 58, 74, 76. — co-enzyme of, 65. — preparation of, 21, 22. Zymogens, n, 21, 69. Zymoids, 63. OF THE UNIVERSITY J THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED THE LAST DATE IS B BELOW. ^ ot THIS BOOK IS 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. LD 21-50m-4,'63 <D6471slO)476 General Library University of California Berkeley. 