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APPENDIX 877 AND SOUTH AMERICA 1 1 s 1 i s E -1 1 > 1 1 < s ID 3h 1215 1444 1392 2421 1612 1851  1287 1194 1212 853 1040 1019 0 • • • • 1746 1853 18(K 2574 1873 2028 1762 1743 1617 1554 1566 1134 1360 1360 346 0 • • • • 2209 2289 2253 2935 2279 2437 2225 2204 2086 1984 2202 1724 1797 1869 802 461 0 36% 3701 3666 4171 3575 3662 3746 3758 3622 3631 3660 3037 3814 3509 2469 2155 1788 0 • • • • 4096 4101 4066 4571 3975 4062 4146 4158 4003 4031 4060 3437 4214 3909 2869 2555 2188 400 0 4778 4783 4748 5253 4637 4744 4828 4840 4780 4713 4742 4119  5750 5703 5732 5109 5886 5581 4541 4227 3860 2065 1717 1056 0 5868 5873 5838 6343 5747 5834 5918 5930 5853 5803 5832 5209 5986 6681 4641 4327 3960 2183 1835 1162 104 0 • • • • 6890 6695 6660 7365 6769 6856 6940 6952 6826 6825 6854 6231 7008 6703 5663 5349 4986 3340 2992 ??.?S 1312 1386 0 New York Boston Quebec Halifax Charlottetown Philadelphia Baltimore Newport News Charleston Savannah Bennuda Key West Haoana Saint Thomas Port Castries Demerara Pemambuco Bahia Rio de Janeiro Montevideo Buenos Ayres Punta Arenas (Sandy Point) 878 PANAMA TO PATAGONIA DISTANT PORTS POBTS Bt Cape of Good Hops | IF ill "5 111 13 i New York to Bombay. « « - Colombo. * " •• Calcutu. - - « Singapore. « " « Hongkong. - - " Shanghai. « " - Yokohama * " « Melbourne « - - Sidney .. « - " Wellington 11250 10950 12180 12150 13590 14340 15020 12670 13140 13710 12670 11730 13710 12850 14750 15560 16450 12840 13310 14240 11820 11730 13140 13120 14560 15370 16120 12840 13310 14240 13310 12370 14390 13490 15430 16510 16900 13480 13950 14880 1 12460 12afi0 13780 13760 15200 16010 16760 13480 13950 14880 POBTS Bt Sasz Canal By Panama II' 11^ New York to Bombay .. " " " Colombo. " " " Calcutta .. * " " Singapore. - - " Hongkong. « •* - Shanghai. * " - Yokohama. - •• " Melbourne. '*••*' Sydney .. " " " Wellington. 8370 8610 10460 10170 12110 12920 13820 15030 14480 15680 8120 8610 9830 10170 11610 12410 13160 15010 14460 15660 8120 8610 9830 10170 11610 12360 13040 12790 13320 14230 15130 14230 14300 12670 11250 10720 9670 10020 9710 8530 Posts By Magel- lan Strait By Cape Horn By Panama 111 .S^ ill IF Melbourne to New York Sydney " « Wellington •« " Valparaiso " " «* San Francisco " " " Esquimau " " " Honolulu " « New York to Valparaiso " '* « San Francisco " " Esquimau. " " Honolulu. 12880 12700 11500 8460 13090 13840 13200 8315 13090 13920 13200 13120 13050 11850 8680 14670 15330 14170 9130 15350 15980 14650 13760 13750 12550 9400 15420 16060 14970 9420 15660 16290 15480 10020 9710 8530 4640 5300 6080 6690 4640 5300 6060 6690 INDEX INDEX Aconcagua, Mt, soi Aconcagua River valleyy 201 Acorta, Sefior, first vice-president of Peru, 1 903, 169 Acre rubber territory, 136, 317, 3a8> 333» 33^. 344> 34^ Adams, John Quincy, his advice to Colombia, 351 ; and the Monroe Doctrine, 354 Advertising, Chilean, aoi, 204. Agassiz, 2. Agriculture, fector in growth of population, 8 ; *< cultivation in the clouds,** 67, 68 $ develop. mentinPeru, 124-130, 134-136, 146, i47» »54», 158-161 5 in Chile, 262-266 ; in Bolivia, 307, 327-330, 341, 342 AguacaU^ or alligator pear, 28, 29 Aguardienig, or cane rum, 27, 128 Akers, Charles £., 364 Alameda de las Delicias, Santiago, 204, 205 Alausi, Ecuador, 65 Alcohol, thirst of Indians for, 27, 121, 308 ; by-product of sugar, X28 ; injurious to Indians, 156 ; source of revenue, 176, 346 ; a possible excuse for its use, 295 Alfaro, y former president of Ecuador, 71. Alligator pear, 28, 29, 86 AlmiranU Barrosc, Brazilian war- ship, 189 AlmuerxOf mid-day breakfast, 27 Alpaca wools, 116 Altiplanide, or Great Central Plateau, 279, 297 Alzamora, Dr. Isaac, former vice- president of Peru, 96 Amachuma, Bolivia, 293 Amazonian, commerce affected by Canal, 6, 78$ outlet to coast, 120, i37-i39» »4i» >4a» i45» I47> 179,335; railroad extension into Amazon country, 140; Pichis road opened, 143 Ambato, on Guayaquil and Quito Railroad, 69 Americans, in Canal Zone, 53-56; as railway builders in Ecuador, 65, 661 builders of jetty at Pa- casmayo, 79 j in Peruvian rail- way projects, 80, 106, 147, 159; in silver mines, 107, 131, 132$ at Arequipa, 117; composing Inca Company, 1x9; irrigating Piura district, 125 ; relations with local authorities, 175 ; in Iquique, 185$ project a bank in Valparaiso, 270 ; resident at La Paz, 312; syndicates interested in Corocoro mines, 322 ; miners at Tipuani placers, 323; pro- jected American school, 345 ; not unwelcome in Bolivia, 345 ; advantages from Americans* in- vestments, 347 Amotope district, Peru, oil-produc- >g» 131 Ancachs, Department of, mineral wealth, 130, 133 Ancon, Mt., 45 Ancon, Port of, 46, 82, 83, 125 Andes, 4, 6, 79, 8x, too, zi8, 123, 130,262,269,280,321. OtAer- ivisf calUd Cordilleras Angaraes district, Peru, gold-pro- ducing, 132. Angostura de Paine, narrowest part of central valley, 263, 283 Annexes to hotels, 3 1 882 INDEX Anona, sawu as Cheremoja Antarctic curfcnly lAf HmnbOMtt cunrent Antongastsiy distance nom Piraainay II ; commerce^ 15 ; bad haitrar, 16 ; f ketch ofy 1S7 j copper out- put, %%% i silver in distnct, S30; tofm seen from billsy 293 Apillaupampa coal district, 326 Aporimac River valley, soothem Peru, 12S Aiana, surveys and eiqilonuions c€p Araucanian Indian stock, 251, 252. Arequipa, capital of soathem Peru, 109, no, 114-117; district is gold-producing, 132 ; sulphur- producing, 133 Arfquipa^ lost in Valparaiso harbor, 191 Afgcntine, 5, 6, 8, 9 Arica, distance from Panama, 12 ; minerals exported from, 16 ; vicuiia rug industry, 122 { sketch of, 1S0-182; export port for Chilcaya borax, 326 Army life, effect on native con- scripts, 156 ; the Chilean roto in the army, 254 Aspinwall, William H., statue to, 39 Asta-Barragua, Mr. George, 241 Athletic sports popular in Santiago, 213 Aullogas silver deposit, 318 Avenida, or Avenue Brazil, Val- paraiso, 190 Avocatf or alligator pear, 28 Aymari Indians and dialect, 154, »5a» 30*» 304* 307* 3"» 338- 340 Aymaraes district, Peru, gold-pro- ducing, 132 Ayoayo, Bolivia, 305 Bacon, Francis, on sea voyages, 59 Baggage, care of, 31 Bailey, PraresHir, director of Har- vard astronooiical obMrvataiy, "7 Balboa crossed Isthnras, 41 Balmaceda, Jose Manocl, fermcr Chilean president, 236, 237, 243, 246 Balsas^ or house rafts, 61, 121 Banks and banking, 34, 72, 99, I77» I7«» »5^» »7o, *74-*76» 368 Barandiaran, surveys and explora- tions of, 142 Beauderc, Mr., English minister to Bolivia, 346 Beer, 26 Beet-root industry, 265 Beggar and political chie6, incident concerning, 165 Bello, Andre, author of Chilean Civil Code, 206 Beni, territory at head-waters of, 3*7, 335, 344» 34^ Bertrand, Mr. Alejandro, dvil en- gineer, 215 Birds, on the coast, 79} in a tree- less country, 288, 292 Birth and death rates, in Lima, 100; in Peru, 152, 157; in Chile, 252, 256-258; in Bolivia, 310 Bismuth production of Bolivia, 325 Black Mountain Peak, on Cen- tral Railway, 103 Blaine, Secretary, concerned in Galapagos Islands negotiations, 71 Boer colonies in South America, 273 Bogota, pure Spanish spoken, 24 Bolivia, relation to Canal, 2, 3 ; population, 4} commerce, 15, 16, 86, 88 ; customs, 27 ; mar- ket for Peruvian goods, 1 26, 128 ; railroad building, 141, 187 $ na- tives, 156 ; shipping points, 187, 188 s description, 278-350 Boliviano, United States and £ng>- lish equivalents, 316, 317, 323, 347, 349 INDEX 888 Boll weevil, Peruvian cotton free frooiy 126 Borax deposits, 132, 325 Brandy, Pisco, 85 Brazil, (tropical) coffee trade, 8 ; (temperate) cattle and wheat in- dustries, 8 } boundary disputes, 136, 146; coffee product, i6z, 328 ; controversy over Acre rub- ber territory, 327, 333 Bronze in Chorolque district, Bo- livia, 320 Bryce, Professor James, 164 Buenaventura, 59 Bull-fight, at Lima, 95 ; abolished in Chile, 213 Bulnes, General Manuel, former Chilean president, 233 Business-letter, the terse English, *3 Caballitos, or grass canoes, 79 Cabiido of Quito, resolution adopted by, 66 Cacao, or chocolate, Ecuador* s pro- duction of, 63 Caceres, President, his plans con- cerning central highway, 143, 170 Cachipuscana, Lake, 118 Cailloma district, Peru, silver-pro- ducing, 132 Caja de Ahorros^ or Savings Bank, Santiago, 256 Cajaraarca, 80, 132 Calamarca, 306 Calancha, Friar, concerning- the South Sea and the Southern Cross, 57 Calca district, Peru, iron produc- tion, 133 Calchas, Bolivia, copper deposits, 322 Caldera, 5, 188 Calderon, Mr. and Mrs. Ignacio, of La Paz, 312 Calderon, Sefior Manuel Alvarez, Peruvian minister to Washing- ton, 1903, 169 Calderon, Sefior Serapio, second vice-president of Peru, 169 Caledonian cross-cut channel pro- jected, 42 Caleta Buena, 222 Caliche^ nitrate layer, 220 Callao, 6, 12-14, S3»S4 Camache, suburb of Iquique, 185 Camana district, Peru, copper-pro- ducing, 132 $ sulphur beds, 133 Campaign humor, instance of, 240, 241 Campana, J. J., of Iquique, 219 Canal Commission, 52 Canal Zone, 18, 19, 37-5^* 364* see Panama, Isthmus of Candamo, Sefior Miguel, late presi- dent of Peru, 166-172 Cane rum, or aguardiente^ 27, 128 Cangallo district, Peru, sulphur beds, 133 Canning, George, the sutesman, 35»» 355 Canta district, Peru, coal deposits, 133 Cape Pillar, 197 Capelo, Joaquin, Peruvian engineer of central highviray, 143 Capopo district, copper mines in, 228 Carabaya, Province of, gold mines developed by Americans, 119, 120, 132 Caracas, Bay of, 60 Caracoles silver mines, 230 Caracollo, Bolivia, 302 Casapalca smelting-works on Cen- tral Railway of Peru, 103 Castilla, Joaquin, Peruvian patriot, 94 Castrovirreyna district, Peru, silver- producing, 132 Cauca, valley of, 13, 59 Caucho^ second quality crude rub- ber, 134 Caylloma district, Peru, coal de- posits, 133 Centenarians in San Juan valley, 281 884 INDEX Central Cordillera, 129, 137 Central highway, route from the Amazon to the Pacific, i4a-X46 Central Plateau, or Altiplanicie, of Bolivia, 279, 297 Central Railway, 100-105, 107, 149 $ sami as Oroya Railway Central valley of Chile, 262-264 Cerro de Azul, 84, 125 Cerro de Pasco, district and mines, 105-107, I3i-i33» «4o, 177 i raulway, 106, 107, 140, 146, 159 Chacabuco, Hill of, head of central valley, Chile, 262 Chachani, mountain seen from Are- quipa, 109, 112 ChacOy or tropical prairie and forest region, 341 Chagres' River, used as a means of crossing Isthmus, 41 ; advocated by Chajnplain, 42, 43 ; one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43 ; engineering prob- lems presented by, 44 Chala, Peru, 85 Challapata, near Lake Poopo, 298 Chamber of Commerce, Lima, 99, 176 Champlaiu, concerning Panama and possibility of canal, 43 Chanaral, location of copper«smelt- ing works, x88 Chancay district, Peru, sulphur beds, Chanchamayo valley, cane-produc- ing area, 128 $ land-grants to Peruvian Corporation, 140 3 de- velopment of, 146, 160 Cbarquif jerked beef, 3 3 Chauncey, Henry, statue to, 39 Chayanta, tin mines in district, 3 14 $ copper deposits, 322 $ gold claims, 324 Checcacupe, Peru, 119 Ckeremoya^ South American fruit, 28, 29 Ckicka, native drink, 26 Chicki, on Central Railway, loi Chilcaya borax field, Bolivia, 325 Chile, reladon to Canal, 2, 16; foreign trade, 9, 16$ saltpetre beds, 16, 2175 policy toward Galapagos Islands, 71 $ descrip- tion of, 180-277 J treaty with Bolivia, 346 Chilete (Aiicachs) district, Peru, lead deposits, Z33 Chili, valley of the river, 109, 117 Chiloe Archipelago, 196, 273 Chimborazo, 60 Chimbote, 81 Chimneys, lack of, in Santiago, 209 Chimore coal district, 326 Chinchas, or guano islands, 85 Chinchona tree, 329 Chinese, merchants of Callao, 84 ; population of Lima, 96, 97; land-owners, 158 Chira valley, projected irrigation, 124 Chivalry of Chilean men, 212 Chocaltaga, tin deposit of, 315 Chocaya, tin district, Bolivia, 315 Chocolate (cacao), 63 CAoios, 105, 136, 154, 155, 157, »85> a95. 308, 311, 338, 340 Chonta district, Peru, mercury- cinnabar production, 133 Chorolque, tin mines in district, 315; silver mines, 318, 320; bismuth deposit, 325 Chosica, on Central Railway, Peru, 103 Christ of the Andes, 269 Chuncho Indians, 154 Chuniy potato eaten by natives, 3 3 Chupiy native dish, 28, 292 Chuquicamata, copper mines in the District of, 228 Chuquisaca gold region of Bolivia, 3»4 Chuquiyupu River, meaning of name, 324 Churches, of Guayaquil, 6x $ of Paita, 76 \ of Li^u^ 91, 97, 98 \ of Arequipa, X15 $ of Santiago, 206 INDEX 885 Clay, Henry, 3, 371 Climate, along West Coast, 59 $ of Guayaquil, 6a ; of Lima, 100 J of Arequipa, 109 $ of San- tiago, ao9, 113 s of ChUe, 273 j of Oruro, 300 $ of Bolivia, 341— 343 Clubs, of Callao, 84 ; of Lima, 96 ) of Iquique, 185 ; of San- tiago, an Coal, in Peru, 107, 131, 133; in Chile, 194, 229 s consumption of, in nitrate industry, aaa $ Bolivian deposits, 326 Coca, plant from which cocaine is made, 156, 328, 329 Cochabamba, Bolivia, 335 Cochrane, Lord, statue to, 190 Codecido, Mr. Emilio Bello, of Santiago, 211 Coffee, from tropical Brazil, 8 j Peruvian settlers compete with Brazil in coffee culture, 161 ; Bolivian trade in, 328 Cololo, mountain peaks in Peru, 305 Colombia, relation to Canal, 2, 3, 13 ; Colombian control of Isth- mus, 46 ; J. Q. Adamses advice, 351 Colon, distance from New York, New Orleans, Panama, and Liver- pool, II, 12 } sketch of, 37—40 s Canal workers leaving, 54 ; dis- tance from foreign ports, 63 Colonias, Territory of, Bolivia, 328, 344 Colonization, in Peru, 138, 160; in Chile, 272 ; in Bolivia, 340 Colquechaca silver deposits, 318 Colquiri, tin-mining district, 314 Columbus, statue to, at mouth of Canal, 38 ; made search for pas- sage through Isthmus, 41 Commercial traveller's need of Spanish, 23 Campania Nacional de Kecaudacion^ Peru, 176 Concepcion, third largest city in Chile, 196 { coal mines in dis- trict, 229 CondoTy 72 Consequenda silver mines, Chile, 230 Continental Divide, sn Cordillerac Coolies as plantation laborers, 158 Copacabama, peninsula of, 326 Copiapo district, silver mines, 229 { seat of revolution, 233 Copiapo Railway, 188 Copper, in Ecuador, 70 \ in Peru, 131, 132; in Chile, 194, 195, 228 \ in Bolivia, 320-323 Coquimbo, 189, 228, 229 Cordilleras, 4, 42, 45» 5»» ^7, 74> 123, 129, 130, 143, 149, 161, 162, 188, 201, 269, 279, 297, 305* 3>4. 3»^> 34*- Sei also Andes Cordoba, 5 Corocoro copper mines, 183, 322, 3*3 Coronel, coaling-station, 194, 195, 229 Coropuna mountain, 109, 112 Corpus Christi festival in Santiago, 208 Cosmopolitan La Paz, 311, 312 Cotagaita, tin district, Bolivia, 315 Cotaigata Mountain, 286 Cotopaxi, 60 Cotton, in Peru, 69, 124-127, 147 ; in Bolivia, 329 Council of State, Peru, 173 $ in Chile, 240 Cousifio femily, controllers of Lou and Coronel, 195 Cousiiio Park, Lota, 195 Cousifio Park, Santiago, 213 Crucero Alto, summit of divide, 118 Cuba, compared to Canal Zone, 51; U. S. English spoken in South America, 22, 23 Enock, C. Reginald, English engi- neer, 130 Errazuriz, Frederico, former Chilean president, 235 Escariano, 287, 291 Esmeraldas, 63 Eten, Port of, 79 Eugenie, Empress, statue presented by, 38 Evangelist Islands, 196, 197 Exchange, rates of, 34 Farmer, comprehensive term In Chile, 212, 213 Fashions in Bolivian towns, 28 5, 295 Ferrenafe, Peru, 79 Ferrol, Bay of, 81 Fever flower of Algiers, 181 INDEX 887 Fleas of Quilca, 114 Fleteros, or boatmen, 75 Fomento de Fabrsca, or Manufac- turers Association, of Chile, 271 Foreign Commerce of the U, S,y An- nual Re<uienu 1^04^ table com- piled from, 9 Foreigners, may hold municipal offi- ces in Peru, 175 ; from colonies around Valdivia, Osomo, and Lake Llanquihue, 272 ; in Uyuni, 296 ; scarcity in Bolivia, 337 ; rights under the government, 345 Forest lands of southern Chile, 264 Fortunes of Chileans, 239 Four Years among the South Ameri' cans, 66 France in trade with Ecuador, 64 ; with Peru, 127 Fredonia, U. S. frigate, destroyed by tidal wave, 182 Freight rates, 16-18; through freight .along West Coast, 58 $ on Peruvian sugar, 128 j affected by Canal, 188 French community at Valparaiso, 190 Fro ward. Cape, 198 Fruits, 28, 29 Fuel saved by Canal ronte, 1 3 Galapagos Islands, 70, 71, 357 Galera tunnel. Central Railway, lOX Garland, Mr. Alejandro, of Lima, 97 Gatun, first view of Canal obtained from railroad at, 44 Geographical Society of Lima, 152 German colony, 157 ; immigrants desired, 159; Germans in Val- paraiso, 190 ; in Bolivian rubber region, 327 ; concern in Monroe Doctrine, 358 ^ seq, Germany, in trade with Ecuador, 64 ; with Peru, 84 ; sends min- ister to Bolivia, 346 ; trade with Bolivia, 347 Gold, in Ecuador, 69 $ in Peru, 120,131, 132; in Chile, 229; in Bolivia, 282, 323-325 Gold River of St. forts, II, 14 ; from Panama, 12 ; sketch of, 61 ; relation to Canal and commerce, 62, 63 ; banks, 72 Guayaquil Chamber of Commerce, 64 Guayaquil, Gulf of, 60 Guayas River, 60 Guevara, Bachiler, forbidden to practise law in Quito, 67 Gulf ports, trade with West Coast ports, II Gum, see Rubber Haciendas, in Peru, 85, 155 ; in central valley, Chile, 263 Hamburg, distance from West Coast ports via Panama, 1 3 ^ from Guayaquil, 63. Harvard Astronomical Observatory, on Mt. El Misti, 117 Hassaurek, Frederick, his impres- sions of Quito, 66. Hats, Ecuador* s export trade in, 64 888 INDEX Havre, distance from Guayaquil, 63 Hay-Varilla Treaty, 46 Hay, John, late Secretary of State, 362, 363 Holidays in Bolivia, 345 Hotels, 29-3 1 Huacay of Trujillo, 81; of Supe, 8a Hualgayoc district, Peru, silver^ producing, 13a Huallaga River, 6, 137 Huamachuco, gold-producing dis- trict, Peru, 13a Huamalies district, Peru, gold-pro- ducing, 132; coal deposits, 133 Huancavelica, silver-producing dis- trict, Peru, 132$ mercury de- posits, 133 $ quicksilver mines, Z42 Huanchaca, town and mines, 318 Huanchaca Company of Bolivia, their reduction works at Antofii- gasta, 187, 319 Huanchaco, Port of, 80 Huantayaja silver region, 229 Huanuco, German colony, 157; district is gold-producing, 132 Huaraz district, Peru, copper- producing, 132; iron and sul- phur deposits, 133 Huarochiri, sulphur, coal, and lead deposits, 133 Huaylas district, Peru, copper- producing, 132; coal-mining district, 133 Huayna-Potosi, tin-mining district, 314* 315 Humboldt, Von, 2, 325 Humboldt, or Antarctic, current, 59 Hydraulic power of Andes to be developed, 130 Ibarra, Ecuador, 69 lea district, Peru, gold and copper producing, 13a niampu, series of peaks in Oriental Cordilleras, 305 niimani, in the Bolivian Andes, 305, 306 Immigration, 8, 138, 158, 163, 272, 340 Inambari River basin, rubber in- dustry, Z20, 136 $ gold-washings, «3» Inca^ Peruvian coin, 35, 177 Inca Caracoles silver mines, 230 Inca Company, headquarters in Arequipa, 116, 119, 120 Indians, 25,44, 75, 79, 105, 116, 121, 136, i5i-i57» 181, 195, 198, 199, 251, 285-287, 295, 304> 305* 30«» 309j 3»8> 337- 340 Industrial establishments of Chile, 266. Infiemillo (Little Hell or DeviPs Bridge), on Central Railway, 103 Ingenia, 287 Inquiuvi, tin-mining district, 314$ bismuth deposit, 325 Intercontinental Rsdlway Survey, 70, 153 Intercontinental railway, ste Pan- American trunk line International Sanitary Bureau, 1 8 Iodine found in nitrate deposits, 222 Iquique, distance from Panama, 1 2 ; shipping-point for soda nitrates, z6 ; one of the three worst ports on West Coast, 86 \ sketch of, 184-186 Iquitos, 6, 7, 135, 148 Iron, in Ecuador, 70 ; in Peru, 133, 147 ; in Chile, 227 Irrigation, 86, zia, 124, 125, 127, 130, 142, 159, 276 Isla de Plata, Silver Island, 73 Islands of Direction, same as Evan« gelist Islands Islay, Bay of, 87 $ town, 88 Italia, wine made in Pisco district, 85 Italians, in Lima, 96 ; agrricultural immigrants, 159, 160 Ivory nut, see Tagua INDEX 889 Jauja, valley of, presents possibUi* ties for irrigation, 14a Jibiy best qualtty crude rubber, z 34 Jones, Mr. Champion, of Lima, 90 << Journalism, The Land of,** 214 Juliaca, on Southern Railway, Peru, 119, III Junin, town and lake, zo6, aia Kaolin, in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320 Keiley, Frederick M., 4a Kraus, Jacob, Holland engineer, Z92 La Boca, railway terminus at Pacific mouth of Canal, 46 Laborers, on Canal, 50 ; in Piura cotton lands, 125 ; in Peruvian rubber forests, 136$ Indian and chohy 155 ; Chinese coolies, 158 ; mine workers needed, 159$ at Iquique, 185 ; in nitrate fields, 223 ; Chilean roto, 251-255 ; in Chilean factories, 267 ; Bo- livian cholosy 340 Laca-Amra River, Bolivia, 299 VAfricaine, government railway concession, 341 La Leiy Santiago newspaper, 215 La Mar, gold-producing district, Peru, 132 Lambayeque region of Peru, 79, Land-owners in central valley, Chile, 263 La Paz, Bolivia, hotels, 30 ; trav- ellers to, 300$ sketch of, 310; tin mined in district, 315 $ in gold district, 324; Ayroara in- habitants, 338$ elevation of, 341 ; Department in revolution of 1898, 343 La Quiaca, on Aigentine frontier, 279 Larecaja placers of Tipuani, Bolivia, 3*4 Larez district, Peru, iron-producing, 13s Lastarria, J. V., Chilean diplomat and historian, 250, 251 La Fie Latine, 366 << Law, The,** Santiago newspaper, 215 Lead, in Ecuador,. 70 ; in Peru, 132; in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 320 Leger, Minister, of HaiH, 362, 363 Leguia, Sehor^ of Peru, 171 Le Perouy Auguste Plahe, 145 Lima, Peru, pure Spanish spoken, 24 J hotel, 30 ; sketch of, 89- 100; censuses, 152; scene of revolution, 164 Limon, Bay of, 37 Lipez, silver deposit, 318 ; copper deposits, 321, 323 Live-stock industry, 8, I2z,*i33, 134, 263 Llai-Llai, 202 Llama, disposition of the, 309 Llanquihue district exports lumber, 264 ; colony on lake, 272 Lobos Islands, 79 Loja, in mining cQstrict of Ecuador, 70 Lomas, '85 Lopez de Guevara had scheme for three canals, 43 Loreto, Department of, centre of Peruvian rubber district, 134$ variations in government, 173 Los Andes, location of spiral tun- nel, 202 Lota, 194, 195 ; copper product of distriet, 228 ; iron mines, 229 Lottery at Lima, 95 ; at Santiago, 213 Louisiana Purchase, resources of the, 3 Luya district, Peru, gold-producing, 132 Machacamarca smelting works, 321 Machala, 63, 67 MacKenna, Benjamin V., historian, 205 890 INDEX Msulre de Dios rubber region, 3»7 Magellan, Territory of, 164, 275 Majoy Bolivia, 179, ftSo Malmowski, engineer of Central Railway, loi Manserriche, Falls of, 6, 78, 147, 148 Manufactories, of Lima, 99 ; of Chile, a66 Manufacturers* Association of Chile, 265, 272 Manzanillo, Island of, 37, 40 Mapocho River, Santiago, 207 MaraSon River, 6, 78, 80, 132, 137, i47» 148 Maravillas, silver-smelting plant lo- cated at, 119 Marcapata valley, 136 Marriage customs among Indians, i5S» 309 Martinez, Mr. Juan Walker, 211, 2x9 Mathieu, Mr., former Secretary of Chilean Legation, 312 Matte, Mr. Auguste, 211 Matucana, 104 Meals, customs concerning, 27 Meier, Mr., American consul at MoUendo, 114 Meiggs, Henry, builder of Central Railway of Peru, 100, loi, no, 149, 203 Meiggs, Mt., on Central Railway, Peru, 104 Merchant marine of Chile, 270, 271 *< Mercury, The," of Santiago and Valparaiso, 214, 215 Mercury-cinnabar, Peruvian dis- tricts which produce, 1 3 3 Mestizos, a7> iS'» >S4> ^SS* 337 5 compare with Cholos, Methodist Mission at Iquique, 18s Mexico of South America, Bo- livia, 3x3-330 Mica deposits near Quilca, X14 Military party in Chile, 260 Mills, cotton, in Peru, 126 Milluni, tin-mining district, 3x4, 3>5 Mineral waters, 26 Mineral wealth, of Andes, 4 \ of Ecuador, 69, 78, 8x | Peruvian deposits, 106, X07, 1x7, X20, X22, 130-X33, 146 ; Chilean de- posits, 2X7-23X, 276; Bolivian deposits, 282, 294, 313-326 Mining-code, the Peruvian, 133 Mississippi Valley will benefit from Canal, xa Molina, Father, Jesuit naturalist, 205 MoUendo, distance from Panama, 12 ; trade passing through, 14; relation to Arica, x6 \ one of three worst ports on West Coast, 86 $ railway terminus and harbor improvements, 88 ; trade, 88 ; use of Panama Canal, 88 Monastery of San Francisco, Lima, 97> 98 Money, South American, 34 \ Ec- uadorian, 72 Monroe Doctrine in South America, 70, 351-371 Montafia region, 68, X23 Monte Cristo, from Bay of Caracas, 60 Montes, President* Ismael, of Bo- livia, 314, 332, 343, 345 Montt, Director of National Li- brary, Santiago, 207 Montt, Captain Jorge, Chilean in- surrectionist, 237 Montt, Manuel, former Chilean president, 233 Moquegua district, Peru, sulphur- producing, 133 Morgan, Sir John, sacked Panama, 4i» 45 Mountain travel, supplies for, 32, 33 Mule in Andean use, 33 National Library, Lima, 97 National Library, Santiago, 206 INDEX 891 National Tax Collection Sodety, 176 Naturalization of foreigners in Peru> 176 Naval school at Talcahuano, 195 Nazarene, on San Juan River, a 80 Negro element, in Panamefians, 44; blacks engaged in Canal excava- tion, 50 ; in railway building, 66 $ in Peruvian population, 157, 158 Neill, Mr, Richard, Secretary American Legation, Lima, 96 New Orleans, distance from West Coast ports, 7, 11, 14, 63 New York, relative position with reference to West Coast ports, 7, II ; distance from Colon, la ^ from Valparaiso, 12 j from Guayaquil, 14, 6a $ from Callao, 14 New York Chamber of Commerce, statistics from, 1 3 Newspapers, Chilean, 199, 213- 2l6 Nicaragua Canal, one of three pro- posed by Lopez de Guevara, 43 Nitrate kings, 184, 219 Nitrates of soda, exports from Chile, 16 ; shipments from Iquique, 16, 186 s the product, 217-231, 276, 277 Noco, plain of, 86, 125 North, Colonel, the nitrate king, 184 Nudos in inter-Andine region, 67 Oaths, Spanish, 24 0*Higgins, liberator of Chile, 204, »3»» 355 Old age attained by Bolivian peas- ants, 281 Olney, ex-Secretary, 357 Oranges of Pacasmayo, 79 Orcoma, nitrate district, 224 Oregon, Webster's valuation of, 3 Oropisa^ S. development of Panama, 55 ; Guayaquiltrade will pass through, 62, 64 ; Amazon traffic will pass 892 INDEX through^ via Paita, 78 $ eiFect upon Callao, 84 ; Peruyian traffic, Z%, 125, ia8, 131, 135, 139, 145, 183 s outlet for Cerro de Pasco mines, 107 ; will further Italian immigration, x6o $ rela- tion to Iquique and the nitrates, x86, 227$ will tend to lower ocean freight charges, x88 ; bearing on Valparaiso as harbor, 193 } relation to Punta Arenas, X 99 $ eiFect on Chilean commerce, 270 ; value to Bolivia, 331, 332, 350 Panama, City of, distance from Colon, Guayaquil, Paita, Callao, MoUendo, Arica, Iquique, An- tofagasta, and Valparaiso, 12 ; growth of, 39; sacking by Mor- gan's buccaneers, 41, 45 ; sketch of, 45 i distance from Guayaquil, 62 Panama, Isthmus of, 3 $ sanitary conditions on, x8 $ gold stand- ard in, 19 $ waterways which have been projected, 41 $ Cham- plain conceived project of cutting through, 43 s geographical posi- tion, 43 ; natives and villages, 44 • government of, 46, 47 ; area, wealth, industries, and agri- culture, 48 ; good to be derived from Cemal, 49 Panama Railway, 17 ; statue to builders, 39 $ hygienic work of, 39 Panamefians, the, 44 Pan-American Conference, 18 Pan-American trunk line, 4 Pando, General, former President of Bolivia, 345 Pandura, 303 Pansio silver mines, Chile, 230 Paper money prohibited in Peru, 178 Para, Peruvian rubber metropolis, 7 Pardo, Se&or Jose, President of Peru, 169-172 Parties, political, in Chile, 246 Patax distiict, Peru, nlver-produc- ing, 132 Patterson, William, his scheme for canal through Isthmus, 42 Paucartambo district, gold-produc- ing, 132 Peachy, American traveller in Peru, "53 Pelicans, 79 Perez, Carlos, surveys and explora- tions of, 142 Perez, Jose Joaquin, former Chilean preskient, 233 Permanent Industrial Exhibition, 266 Pemambuco, distance from the Cape and New York, 12 Peru, relation to Canal, 2 $ rubber industry, 7 ; foreign commerce, 14, 15 S description, 73 et uq. Raimondi, surveys of Department of Anacho, 130 ; description of central plateau of Bolivia, 297 Raspadura channel, possible route across Isthmus, 43 Rates of transportation of products, 17, 18 Reclus, representing French com- pany in exploiting Darien route, 4» Reconnaissance Report upon the Pr<h posed System of Boli<uian Rail- tvaySf Sisson, 335 Recuay district, Peru, silver and coal producing, 132 Reloncavi, Bay of, at the head of Gulf of Ancud, 262 Revenue, of Peruvian government, 176 ; of Bolivian, 346 Revolutions, in Peru, 1 64 ; in Bo- livia, 343 Rice product of Peru, 79, 129 Richest woman in the world, the widow Cousifio, 195 Riesco, President Jerman, of Chile, Rimac valley, Peru, 103, 130 Rivadiva mission to Europe, 355 Road-building, in Panama, 49 ; in Peru, 120 Roman Catholic Church, in Peru, i57> 174$ in Chile, 208, 242, 243 ; attitude of roto toward, »53> »54 5 »n Bolivia, 307, 308 Romafia, ex-President Edward, of Peru, 1 15 Roosevelt, President, 47, 70, 357, 358 Root, Mr. Elihu, 357 Roto, 248-259, 264 Royal Andes, 280 Rubber, demand for, 7 ; Ecuador* s product, 68, 69 ; shipped through MoUendo, 88 ; on San Gaban River, 120 } in Coast Region, Peru, 124$ Peruvian forests, 1 34-1 36, 138; Bolivian product, 327, 328 Saddles for mountain travel, 32 Sailors, members of Chilean roto as, 254 Sala, Father, surveys and explora- tions of, 142 Salaverry, Peru, sugar from, 14 ; volume of trade and unique in- scription, 81 Salisbury, Lord, 357 Salt fields east of Punta de Lobos, 223 Saltpetre fertilizers, see nitrates Sambo, origin of name, 158 San Bartholomew, tunnel in Cho- rolque district, 320 San Bartolomew, on Central Rail- way of Peru, 103 San Bias route proposed for Canal, 4» Sandia district, gold in, 120, 132 San Gaban River, 120 Sanitary conditions along Canal, 1 8 , 50-5a> 54> 55 5 in Lima, 99, 100; among Peruvian Indians, 157 ; in Santiago, 207, 258, 259 San Jose mine, near Oruro, 300, 321 San Juan River, 324 San Leon, tunnel at entrance of Pulacayo mine, 319 San Lorenzo, Island of, in harbor of Callao, 85 San Martin, statue to, Santiago, 205 San Mateo, on Central Railway of Peru, 103 INDEX 895 San Miguel Bay named, 41 Santa Cruz, Department of, gum forests awaiting development, 317 s the capital, 341. Santa Lucia, mountain in Santiago, 203-205 Santa Maria, Domingo, former Chilean executive, 236 Santa Rosa, ranch of, near Are- quipa, no Santa Rosa valley, Bolivia, 28a Santiago, hotels at, 30, 31 ; sketch of, 203-216 ; social questions, 250 $ savings bank, 256 j birth and death rates in province, 257 Santo Domingo, U. S. policy toward, 359 Santo Domingo gold mines, Prov- ince of Carabaya, 116, 119, 122 San Vicente, Sierra of, 292 Saracocha, Lake, 118 Savedro, Seiior Don Angel, pro- jected waterway through Isth- mus, 42 Savings Bank, Santiago, 256 School system of Peru, 157 ; school conducted in Aymara language, 304, 305 J Bolivian school sys- tem, 344, 345 Selfridge, Commander, 42 Sexes, even ratio of the, 337 Sheep-raising, 133, 264 Shipping interests of Chile, 270, 271 Sicasica, at an altitude of 14,000 feet, 304 Sicuani, 119 Silva, Mr., leader writer on El Mer- cursOf 215 Silver, in Ecuador, 70 ; in Peru, 107, 131, 132; in Chile, 229; in Bolivia, 304, 318-321 Sinopsis Estadictica y Gtografica dt la Republica dt Bolivia, 342 Siroche, or. mountain sickness, 104, 118, 288-291 Sisson, W. L., 335 Smythe^s Channel, 196 Socavan of the Virgin, silver mine in Oruro district, 321 Social question in Chile, 207, 248- 261 Socialistic doctrines at work in Chile, 254 Society, in Lima, 95, 96 ; in San- tiago, 210-213 Sol, Peruvian coin, 35, 177 Solano, Father Francis, founder of Franciscan Order in Peru, 98 Sorsby, Minister, of La Paz, 3x1 South America, 18^4-1904, Akcrs, 364 South American Steamship Com- pany offices burned by mob, 249 Southern Cross, 57 Southern Railway, xoi, 120, 149, 334 Southernmost town of world, Punta Arenas, 198-200 Spanish administrative system to be moulddd on American model, 48 Spanish-American, the, 2 Spanish language, needed by trav- ellers, 21-25 S spoken in its purity at Lima, 95 ; native hos- tility toward, 157, 338, 339 State ownership of Chilean railways, 267 Steamships, in West Coast foreign trade, ix ; in nitrate trade, x6 ; in West Coast passenger service, 57, 58 ; in Guayaquil trade, 62; trading at Callao, 84 $ at Valpa- raiso, 191 $in Chilean trade, 270, 271 Stephens, John L., statue to, 39 Strike in Valparaiso, 248, 249 Stumpff, engineer Elsa Mine, 324 Succession in office in Peru, x68 Suches, placer washings in gold district, Bolivia, 323 Sucre, 72. Sucre, old capital: of Bolivia, 298, 3" Sug^r-beet industry, 265 Sugar industry, in Peru, 14, 18, X27, 128 ; in Ecuador, 69 $ amount shipped via Pacasmayo, 896 INDEX 79 $ through Haanchaco, So ; industry in Chile, 265, i66 Suipacha, on San Juan Riyer, 280 Sulphur beds, near Bay of Sechura, 78 } on Lake Titicaca Railroady 117s Peruvian provinces which produce, 133 Supe, the landing-place, 82 Superunda, Count, memoirs of, 93 Taboga Isle, 45 Tacna, Pampas of, 224 $ tin mines in district, 315 Tacora, Mt., in Bolivia, 183 Taft, Secretary, 47 Tagua, or ivory nut, Ecuador* s production of, 64 Talcahuano, naval port, 195 Taltal, nitrate shipping-port, 188 Tambilla, 292 Tambo de Mora, 86 Tambos, or inns, 3 1 ; one at Majo, Bolivia, 279 Tarapaci, Province of, lost to Chile, 152, 217; saltpetre region, 217- 226 Tarata, sulphur-producing district, Peru, 133 Tarija, capital of agricultural region in southeast Bolivia, 341 Tarma, coal-mining district, Peru, Taxes, in Peru, 176 ; in Bolivia, 346 Ta3racaja district, Peru, gold-pro- ducing, 132 Tehuantepec Canal, one of three proposed by Lopez de Guevara, 43 Telegraph line from Lima to Ber- mudez, 144 Telegraph line, monument com- memorating completion of, San- tiago, 205 Timber lands of southern Chile, 264 Tin product of Bolivia, 3x4-317, 320 Tipuani phcer washings in gold district, Bolivia, 323 Tirapata, raihoad station for mines of Carabaya Province, 1x9 Titicaca, Lake, trip from Are- quipa to, XX7-X22 Tobacco, crop in Ecuador, 69 ; tax in Peru set aside for railroads. Toll rates through Canal, X3, X5 Tombs at Caracollo, 302, 303, 305 Trades unions in Chile, 250, 25 x Travellers, should practise customs of natives, 21 ; need for knowl- edge of Spanish, 21-25 ; dress, 25 } eating and drinking, 26- 29$ hotels, 29-3 X ; care of bag^ gage, 3X ; railroad fares and night trains, 3 x ; charges for embarka- tion and disembarkation, 32 ; supplies for mountain travel, 32, 33 i fodder for animals, 33 } quarantine regulations, 33, 34; money, 34 $ diseases, 35; friction with nadves and officials in Peru, 175 Treasure islands, 73 Treaty between Bolivia and Chile ratified 1905, 347, 348 Treaty of Ancon, 8 3 Trujillo, 8x Trunks carried on pack animals, 3» Tucapfif West Coast vessel, 82 Tucker, surveys and explorations of, X42 Tucuman, 5, x88 Tumbez, 73, 74 5 district, oil-pro- ducing, X 3 X $ sulphur and petro- leum deposits, X33 Tupiza, Bolivia, hotel at, 30 } sketch of, 283-286 Ubina Mountain, 286 Ucayali River, X37, X46 Union Club, Santiago, axx Union district, Peru, gold-producing, X32. INDEX 897 United States, trade with Argentine, 9; with West Coast countries, 10$ policy toward Canal, izj direct benefit derived, 12; author^ ity in Canal Zone, 17-20, 37-40 University of San Marcos, Lima, 97 Uruguay, grain and cattle in- dustries in, 8 Uyuni, Bolivia, 293-196, 315 V's and VV's, 102 Valdivia, Pedro, sUtue to, at San- tiago, 203 Valdivia Province, 229, 264 ; town, 272 Valparaiso, distance from Panama and New York, 12 5 from Liver- pool, 13 ; hotels, 31 I sketch of, 1S9-194 Vegetable ivory, samf as Ivory nut. Verrugas, on Central Railway of Peru, 103 Verrugas f or bleeding warts, 103 Vice-presidency in Chile, 243 Vicufta, Archbishop, memorials to, at Santiago, 204 Vicuiia high-grade wool and rugs, 116, 122, 182 Vicunas, 118, 133 Vilcanata River, 119 Village life in Bolivian Andes, 280 et seq, Villamil family controlled Larecaja properties, 324 Villa Villa, Bolivia, 303 Villazon, Sefior, Vice-preadent of Bolivia, 343 Vina del ' Mar, seashore resort near Valparaiso, 213 Vincocaya, 118 Vineyards of Pisco, 85 Vitor, no Vitor River, 113 Von Bulow, Chancellor, 358 Von Hassel, surveyor and explorer, 146 Von Stenberg, Baron, 358 Washington, Booker T. , his work a subject of discussion, 215 WaUree^ U. S. frigate, carried in- land by tidal wave, 182 Water-fowl, 117 Watermelons of Pisco, 86 Webster, Daniel, 3 Weed-kUling plant in use on tropi- cal railway, 65 Werthemann, surveys and explora- tions of, 142 Wetherill system in San Jose smelt- ing works, 321 VHieat shipped from central valley, 263 Wheelright, William, pioneer rail- road builder of Chile and Argen- tina, 188, 190, 203 White Spirit of the Illimani, an- cient deity of Bolivian Indians, 308 Whitehead, American traveller in Peru, 153 Wines, imported and native, 26 ; Italia, wine made in Pisco dis- trict, 85 Wireless telegraphy station at south- ernmost town of the world, 199 Wolfe, surveys and explorations of, 142 Wolfram in Chorolque district, Bolivia, 203 Women, conductors on Santiago tramways, 205; Chilean, 212; Bolivian Indian, 309 Wood, Rev. 4 I This book should be returned to the Library on or before the last date stamped below, A fine of five cents a day is incmred by retaining it beyond the specified time. 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