None
These deductions in regard to resonance have been made upon the assumption of exactly sinusoidal currents. In practice these are now seldom met, since iron-cored transformers and motors, and tooth-cored alternators, introduce distortions, and a circuit which is resonant for the fundamental wave is not resonant for its harmonics. As the question of resonance now rests, it does not present any opportunities for application in practice, nor does it enter into problems relating to ordinary electric circuits in such a way as to modify practice. In some cases of long-distance transmission of power by alternating currents with a distorted wave of pressure, the harmonics may accidently come into resonance with the line and cause an undue strain on the insulation; but this is readily guarded against by using a generator which generates an approximate sine pressure curve. Many articles have been written upon resonance and its effects in electric circuits, but the following will serve to give a general view of the subject : — April, 1 89 1. Lodge, The Effect of a Condenser Introduced into an Alternate-Current Circuit, London Electrician^ Vol. 26, p. 762. 7l8 ■ ALTEKNAHNG CURRENTS. Hfty, 1891. Fkmtng, On Some Efiecti of AUenudag-Camnt Flow in Citcnits having Capadtf and Self-Indoctio^ Jour. ItuL B. £., Vol. ao, py 36s. May, 1893. Pupin, Practical Ai|>ects of Low Vaqpeucj Electrical ReKHWDce. 2hnu. Amttr. ImaU E. E^ Vol lo^ P-370- Jnne, 1894. Andwoy, Electrical ReKHUuiceu Related toOe Tnnsmiiuoa of Eaeqif, Eketrieai Et^mar (N.Y.), Vol. >7» !>• 545- October, 1894. Blondel, lodnctance des Ugnes Aiiieiuia pour Coniants Attenuuifa, L'Eelairap EUctri^u, Vol 1, p. 241. April, 1895. HooBttm and Kennelly, Resooaix« in Alteamill- Cuiient lines. Trams. Amur. IntL E. £., Vol. la, p. IJJ- INDEX. ve current, 117. ve pressure, 4a ing of transformer cores, 559. lay efficiency of transformers, 493. emeine Elektricit^ts Gesellschaft, duction motors, 620, 665. mating circuit, current in, 65; >wer in, Z09, 112; methods of easuring power in, Z2i. rnating-current curves, charac- ristic features of, 703. mating field, resolution of, 647. mations, definition, 7. mator, 7 ; armatures, 10, 15, 16, 25, i, 28, 31, 35, 230, 231, 232, 234, 236, 19, 243, 246, 366; characteristics, >6; design, 239; dimensions, 13, 14; efficiency, 370; field excitation, 251, 268, 362; leakage coefficient, J3 ; losses, 221 ; copper losses, 223, !6; foucault current losses. 227; ^teresis losses, 228 ; rectifying com- lUtator, 259; testing, 371. ;mators, 7 ; as synchronous motors, n; combined output of, 322; in- uctor, 33 ; in parallel, 326 ; in series, 22 ; on separate feeders, 336. erican transformers, tests of, 504. peremeter (three) method of meas- ring power, 127. peremeters, alternating current, 267, 77. pere-tums on field of induction mo- )r, 631. ilytical method of solving problems, 38, 217. Angle of lag, 42, izi ; method of meas- uring, zzz. Apparent energy, 116; resistance, 71; watts, Z16. Arago disc. 596. Areas of successive loops of alternating- current curves, 306. Armature, action of short-circuited in rotary field, 595; calculation of alternators, 239; classification, 15; collectors, 31, 32; commutated in induction motors, 624; conductors of alternator, 232 ; conductors, differ- ential action of alternator. 10 ; con- ductors, number of alternator, 234; conductors, number of alternator, maximum, 236 ; current and excita- tion, relation in synchronous motors. 582; disc, 26; drum, 16; insulating and core materials. 35; pole, 29; poly-phase, connections of, 393; pressure, alternator, 1, 9; pressure induction motors, 631 ; radiating surface, 231, 637; reactions in alter- nators, 246, 250; reactions, effect on parallel operation, 360 ; reactions of poly-phasers. 387; resistance in starting induction motors, 622; self-inductance, 243, 349. 368, 581, 641; ventilation, 230; winding, 15, 612. Arrangement of conductors in trans- former windings, 531. Auto-transformer, 545 ; for starting in- duction motors, 621. Average pressure or current, 4. 9. Ayrton, testing alternators, 3^77 \ vc^sicc^"^ curves, 301. 719 720 INDEX. Ayrton and Perry's inductance stand- ard, 98, 420; secohmmeter, 105, 415, 416. 419. Ayrton and Sumpner, transformer test- ing. 487- B. Balanced poly-phase systems, 547. Hallistic galvanometer, 57. Ballistic method of tracing curves, 289. Bedell's contact maker, 302; test of. hedgehog transfoi luer, 495; tracing curves, 300. Bedell and Ryan, synchronous motor experiments, 586. Blakesley, measurement of power, 112, 128, 129; split dynamometer, 128, 483. Blondel, contact maker, 301 ; tracing curves, 305. Booster, 542. Brown, C. E. L., induction motors, 660; parallel operation of alt.rna- tors, 361. C. Calculation of core and windings for impedance coils, 541; for induction motors, 633; for transformers, 519. Calculation of losses, regulation, excit- ing current, and etticiencies of induc- tion molois, 629, 633, 640, 641; of transformers. 461, 492, 523, 527, 529. 530. 538. Calorimctric method of testing trans- formers, 481. Capacity, 78 ; and self-inductance com- bined, 88, 89, 703, 709 ; effect on reg- ulation of transformeis, 439; press- ure, 80, 164; required for Stanley motor, 669. Capacity circuit, 178 ; time constant of. 83. Carey Foster's method of measuring mutual induction, 409. Characteristics, alternator, 266; curve of magnetization, 266; distribution curve, 278 ; external, 272 ; loss line, 27S- Ciieeks on \vAnsU)U\\<i\ 0^c^\^'cv,tj->,\. Chokmg cu\\s, ^a*^. Circuits in parallel, 57, 72, 175, 193. 196; in series, 72, 159, 171, 196. Circumferential velocity, 13, 230, 634. Coefficient of leakage, 233. 429. 553. 636,639; of mutual inductioD. 398; of self-induction. 43. Coils, embedded, 24, 6ox, 638; lathe- wound, 24. Coil winding, 20. Collector rings, 31, 32. Collectors, armature, 31, 32. Com mutated winding, induction mo- tor, 624. Commutator, rectifying, 259; sparking of, 262 ; Zipcrnowsky, ^. Compensated voltmeter, 316. Coniijcnsators, 543. Composite winding. 251, 319, 369. Composite-wound alternators in par- allel, 369. Condenser, 79; circuits, 178; curves of charge and discharge of, 81; en- ergy of charged, 81 ; pressure, 80, 164. Conducting systems, poly-phase, 54^. 552, 554. 555. 55^5: poly-phase, bal- anced, 547. Conductors, arrangement of in traas- formcr windings, 531. Constants for use in design of inJjc- tion motors. 634, 635, 030, 037: ^' transformers, 463, 465, 4(7, 400, 53^ Contact makers, 301. Continuous winding, 19. Converter, 396. Copper losses, calculation for trans- former, 529; in alternator, 225, '^ alternator, table, 226; in tr.in^'<^r- mcr, 428, 436, 465 ; in traii?lotr.it.'r, effect on regulation, 436; in induc- tion motor, 612, 619, 640. Core losses in alternator armature, 2t;. 228 ; in induction motor. 61S, 040, 651, 670; in transformer, 4J-'. 4.'^' 456, 461. 523, 527 ; in transformer are independent of load, 4S8 ; separut;! n of, in alternator, 372 ; in trunsfornifr, 500. Core materials, 38, 539, 633. Core of transformer, ageing, 539. 0^\\vx\\v^^\'^ (or wattmeter, 131. ^^^^m 1 ^ 1 ^^^^ 721 1 CurrPTil, actiie. 117. Dimensions of allemators. 13, 124: of Currcnl and pressure curvH, imcinB transformers, 534. 01,289, Dimmer. 543, Curreni and pressure relatjoni. in in- duclion inolors, 603 ; in poly-phase induction motors, 653. Bvs1em5.sss;insyochronQUsmoiors, Disc armature, 36. 575; in ltans(otine.s, <a4, 440. Diicharg«, oscillatory, 703. Distribution of altemaling curreni in -i conductor, 144. citing, or induction inolors. 639; ot nator pole faces, 178, ciKuit, Bs; in inductive drcuil. 6;; Divided circuits, 57, 7a, 17S. '93. "96- maEnetiiing, 433; of induction mo- Double armature winding For induc- tion motors, 620. Dtehfelde,595. rushes in inductive circuit, 540; Drchslrom, 595, 601. summaliun lero in poly-phase cir- Drum armatures, 16. cuits, 534: waltleu, 117. Duncan electrodynamomeler, 39B. Curreni density, in armalare conduct^ Duncan, tracing curves, 39S. ors, 333, 640 ; in collectors, 3a ; in field E. winding, 4(58. Economy coils, 541. Curve, rooludon of, 75. 695. Eddy current losses, nlleniator, 337; Curve ot alternator cfficiency.3fl4, 385; induction motor, 618, 640: Inins- of motor efficiency, 657. 658, 659, former, 43a, 436, 430, 456, 461, 500, 660, 664, 665. 670. 671 ; of trans- 5*7- former efficiency, 498. Effect of form of pressure curve on motor operation, 678; on paralleling Curve of pressure, effect of form on of alternators, 360; on transformer efficiency. 517, on transformer, 517. Effective pressure, 4,8,699: and cur- Curve of squared ordinatcs, 309, 31a. rent, determination of, from curves. Curves, cliaraclerislii: leaiutes of alter- 309. natine-curreni, 703 ; charge and dii- Efficiency curves, of alternator, 384, dliarge of condenser, 81 : at curreni in capacity circuit, Bt : of curreni in Efficiency, of Blleraators, 370; of alter- inductive circult.53; successive areas nators, variation with output, 3B3; equal, 306. ofinduciion motors, 633; of trans- ». day, 49a; plant, 49s; point of ni«i- mum,soo,64i; weight, of ftltematois. 383; weight, of induction molora. Uensilio, curreni, 33. 33a, 333. 468, 6&1 ; weight, of transformers, 300. 637, 6*°i magnetic, 338. 370, 46a, Electrical resonance, 709, 635. Electricity, transfer by mutual indue Design of allernaiors, 339; of induction lion, 403, motors, 633; of transfoimen, 519. Diamond meter, 67a. tures, 10; in induction molora, 637, ElEcIrameler, tncAhoA tA (n«;ivu«i% (•39- power, \ai. J 722 INDEX. Electrometer, quadrant, 121; Ryan, 294. Electrostatic wattmeter, 124. Elwell-Parker alternators in parallel, 345- Embedded windings. 24, 601, 609, 638. Emerson synchronous motor, 666. Emmett, tables, impedances and re- actances of circuits, 144 ; induction factors and power &ctors, 120 ; skin effect, 148. Energy, apparent, 116. Energy of charged condenser, 81 ; of mutual induction, 400; of self-in- duced magnetic field, 52. Equalizing connection for composite alternators in parallel, 369. Equivalent sinusoid, 78. Ewing's experiment on iron losses, 488. Exciter, 8, 313, 318. Exciting current, 431 ; of induction motor, 629 ; of transformer, 530. External characteristic, alternator, 272. Extra current, 135. F. Factor, impedance, 143 ; induction, 120 ; power, 116. Features of alternating-current curves, 703- Ferranti alternator, 345 ; meter, 672 ; transformer. 512. Field, resolution of alternating, 647; rotary, 591 ; rotary, constant. 597 ; rotary, definition, 600; rotary, irregu- lar, 593 ; strength in synchronous motors, 573 ; strength in synchron- ous motors, maximum power factor, 580; strength in relation to armature current in synchronous motors, 582; turns per volt in induction motors, 635 : windings, alternators, 251 ; windings, induction motors, 614, 634, 650 ; windings, induction motors, dif- ferential action, 627. Field ampere-turns, induction motors, 631. Field current, wavy alternator, 268. Field exc\la\\oi\, ^AXexTv^Xot ,^, a^\, 2.68, 362; composWe, a^i, -iT-^^ "i^"' "^^vA ^^Nax^'^^^.^^^sn. urate 251. 313. ^'^^■» ?»<i\\,as^,'i2o,•>>•i\.\V^^^^J»^^^^^\^^^5Jw^^ Field frequency, 601. Field induced pressure, inductioB motor, 625. Field resistance, starting indoctiM motors, 600. Fleming, tracing curves, 305; traBS^ former tests. 485, 488, 495, 511. Ford, transformer tests, 504. Form of pressure curve, influence d, 360. 517, 678, 717. Fort Wayne synchronous motor, 666. Foucault current losses, alternator, 227; induction motor, 618, 641; trans- former, 432, 436, 450, 456. 461, 500, 527 ; calculation for transfonner.sa;; effect on transformer current, 456. Fourier's series applied to alternating curves. 75. 695. Frequency, 6 ; alternator, 7, 8, 227,34^ 665 : effect of, on induction moton, 663 ; effect of, on parallel operation, 341 ; effect of, on transformers, 513. Galvanometer, shunted ballistic, 57. Ganz & Co., regulator, 313. General Electric Co., alternators m parallel, 346; induction motors, 63a- 624,665; monocyclic system, 673; regulators, 318. Gerard, tracing curves, 290. Gordon, alternators in parallel, 345- on parallel operation, 345. Graphical construction of pressure curve, 284, 285. Graphical determination of induction motor relations, 603 ; of synchrooous motor relations, 575 ; of transformer relations, 440. Graphical solutions of problems, 151 ; in parallel circuits, 175: in parallel circuits, conclusions, 193 ; in scries circuits, 159; in series circuits, con- clusions, 171 ; in series and parallel circuits combined, 196. Hanson and Webster, experiments on INDEX. 723 ►.47. m, testing transformers, 477 ; illel operation, 341. s loss in alternators, 328; in 3n motors, 618,640; in trans- •. 432. 436. 450. 455. 461, 500. transformers, calculation of, transformers, effect on excit- rent 453. I. jction motor, 607. isformer, regulation, 437. ;nt, 118. :e, definition, 71, 73; coils, ctor. 143. ze coils in transformer circuit, tl pressure, 40. -• current rushes, 540. ce. 42. 397- :e standards, 98, 430. I densities (see Magnetic den- i factor, 120. I motor, armature winding, 8 ; design. 633 ; differential in fields. 627. 639; effect of pressure curve, 678 ; effect of cy, 663 ; efficiency, 653 ; excit- rent. 629 ; field ampere-turns, .'Id windings. 614. 635, 634, rmula from transformer, 638 ; ;, 607. 609, 633. 636. 639, 641 ; jm load, 613; monocyclic 676; output and pressure, wcr factor measurement, 654 ; on, 655; rotary field, 591; •base. 644 ; single-phase, form- 650 : slip. 601, 631 ; speed, 601 ; . 667 ; starting and regulating , 619; torque and regulation. ■)rque diagram, 611; wattless . 630 ; weight efficiency, 661. I motor armature, definition I motor field, definition of. I motors, miscellaneous, 666. circuit, definition, 178 ; effect dng, 56, 13S' Inductive resistance, 71. Inductor alternator, 33. Influence of form of pressure curve, 360, 517. 678, 717. Instruments, 377, 383. Insulating materials, 35. International Electrical Congress, the henry. 44 47. Iron losses, constant, Ewing's experi- ment, 488 ; in alternators, 227, 228 ; in induction motors, 618, 640, 651, 670; in transformers, 436, 452, 456, 461, 500, 523. 527; in transformers, effect on regulation, 436; in trans- formers, relation to load, 488. Irregular rotary field, 593. Joints in magnetic circuit of trans- former. 538. Joubert, tracing curves, 28, 291. Joubert*s contact maker, 301. K. Kapp alternators in parallel, 345; trans- •former, 512. Kennelly, distribution of current in a wire, 149; impedance factor, 143. Kolben, design of induction motors, 635 ; magnetic densities, 371. L. Lag angle, 43; measurement of, iii. Lamp with impedance coil, 541. Lap or loop winding, 30. Leakage, coefficient, 333. 429, 533. 607, 636 ; in alternators. 333 ; in induction motors, 607, 609, 633, 636, 639, 641 : in transformers, 439 ; in transformers, calculation of, 533. Leakage current, 433. I^ad, synchronous motor maximum, 583. Loop or lap winding, so. Loss line, alternator, 375. Losses in alternators, 331 ; in alterna- tors, copper, 333. 336 ; in alternators, foucault current, 337 ; in alternators, hysteresis, 338 : in induction motors^ copper, 612, C19, ti-^-i, b^o\ \xv\vA>aK»- tion moloTS, fe\icaL\3\\. cMTt«tvV^ tjiA, 724 INDEX. f%^o ; In Induction mnton, hysteresis, 01 8, f^f); in transformers. copi>cr, 4)ri, 4(15, 5ag; in trnnsformcrs, fou- Ku\\\\{ current, 43a, 43ft, 450, 456, 461, VK>i 5^\ in trunslormcrs, hysteresis. 4 J J. 4.<fi, 450. 455, 461. 500, 523. M.u'uiMic circuit, joints in tninsformcr M.tKuctic ilcnsitics in iilternutor urnm- tuic^, jjS, \jti; in induction motors, rt(>>. in tiAnsloimcrs, ^fr2. M.)i*nctic (lihirihution curve. 978. Mii)*nrtic held, ener^^y of self-induced, sj; lotjiry, 51)1. M,)t;netic le.ikuK«', in alternators, 333 ; u) imhiction motors, (K17, (xx), (133, (»»f», (»i«), (141; in transformers. 439; m iiaiiNloinuM, caicul.ition of, 533. M.»)'.neth' lohni.ince. etVect on trans- loinuM. |v\ 4«»j. M n;nriu vlnii\i (iauslv>iiurr, 448. M.u:n«'li..ui.»n »ui\«\ alliMn.itiM, .MV*. M.ir.Wt li .Ui.»M ol ti.tMNliM HUM » on*. 433. M.\i;n«Mi mi; ^lUJiMil. .\X\ , iiuliutitM^ iui»iiM.««i'i. (»jo , ii.ui>tornuM. 433. 5>\ \l «i;m»i»» m.u hnu's. .'n. M.«\nuum olluuMU'x . point o(, in iiuluo- ihMi ini»UMs. 1x41 ; in translv>inuMs. M ivinuiin I»miI i^t iiuliu tion inotor<. (M ^ . v»l v\Mv huMu^viN nu^ttM-s. ^S5. M.wnuiun i^ntput ot a'lfin.itvM^*. ^74. M<\\\." r.K-,»Ni:;,Mn.nt v^t nv.itua! in- ilu\ t.i'u," 41.*. ;ir*. inoasuionuMit of M.iv\\i\! .uui K.;\".o:j;^. nuwsuroniont M,Mv;.:o:v» V'. v^t '.is: Ar.i^^.o. li;. x^t ir.v.M v'. :"v*.i;vt.;v.v'o 4.W ot :\n\or x"*. Monocyclic system. 673. Mordey.on parallel operat)oii,339.543. 358; on transformer frequenc). 515; testing alternators, 375 ; testii^ trans- formers, 480. Motor-generator method of testing al- ternators. 379. Multi-phase, 387. Multi-phaser, 387. Mutual inductance, 397, 398; me.is- urement, 406; mctsurement by am|x!remeter and voltmeter, 407; measurement by ampercnieter and galvanometer, 408 ; measurenu-nt hj comfKirison, 416; comp.irisun Miih capacity, 409, 411 ; comparison with sclf-inductancc, 412, 415; sccoiira- metor in measuring, 415, 416. 41* Mutual induction, 396; ci>cflriuent of, 398; coils with iron cores. 419: energy of. 400; of distributing lir- cuits, 421 ; of poly-phase circuits, 550 ; transfer of electricity by, 403. N. Neutral point, 304. Nivi'n. measurement of mutual in^luc- tance, 415. 0»r!ikon induction motors, 658. 665. OiH'n-cirouit curreni. 433. Osoilialory discharges. 703. (.>utput proportional to s-tj laroofpreis- ure in inviuction motors. 642. ^.Hitpvii : .-, etficiency, weight, ir..i : :^' a'.tornators, 3S3 ; induction n;: •> (■•oi. tiansformers. 500. l\i:a".o*. a'torr.at.^r? :".. 3^^. ravA'r". o'.rcairv, 5-. -;. :-5. ; • « K X « A ^ * *.V v.v^-v -*. • ...» INDEX. 72s alternators in, 345; Ferranti alter- nators in, 345 ; Ganz alternators in, 345 ; General Electric alternators in, 346; Gordon alternators in, 345; Gordon on, 345; Hopkinson on, 341; Kapp alternators in, 345; Mordey on, 339, 343, 358 ; regulation for, 36a ; Stanley alternators in, 345 ; Steinmetz on, 346, 349, 358 ; success of, 338: Thomson-Houston alter- nators in, 341 ; usual practice, 335 ; wattless current, 353 ; Westinghouse alternators in, 341. Parallel wires, self-inductance of, 140. Period of alternating current, 6. Periodicity, 7, Periphery velocity, 13, 230, 634. Permeability, effect of variable, 107: 4 19, 450 ; on mutual inductance, 399 ; on self-inductance, 45. Phase, 40. Phase diagram, definition, 157, Phase indicator, 330. Phase-splitter, 57a, 652, 688. Phase transformation, 686. Phasing current, 347. Pirani, measurement of mutual induc- tance, 411 ; of self-inductance, 103. Pitch of poles, 13. Plant efficiency, 495. Polar curves of current and pressure, 309, 700. Pole armatures, 29. Polygon of currents or pressures, 43, 73. 87. 151- Poly-phase, 387. Poly-phaser, 387. Poly-phase circuits, connecting up, 393, 546, 548, 683 ; self and mutual induc- tion of, 556. Poly-phase conducting systems, 546; connecting up armatures, 393 ; ma- chines, 387 ; systems, balanced, 547 ; systems, current summation zero, 554: systems, power uniform, 552; relations of currents and pressures in, 555- Poly-phase transformers, 683. Power factor, 116. Power in alternating circuit, 109, 112, measuremeoi; i2t ; measurement by electrometer, 121; by electrostatic wattmeter, 124; by split dynamom- eter, 128; by three amperemeters, 127 ; by three instruments, 128 ; by three voltmeters, 125 ; by wattmeter, 131- Power in any poly-phase circuit, 566. Power in poly-phase system, measure- tnent, 556; two-phase, common re- turn, 559; two-phase, independent circuits, 557 ; three-phase, one watt- meter, 564; three-phase, two watt- meters, 563; three-phase, three wattmeters, 560. Predetermination of losses, regulation, exciting current, and efficiencies of induction motors, 629, 633, 640, 641 ; of transformers, 461, 492, 523, 527, 529, 530. 531. 533. 538. Pressure, active, 40; effective, 4, 8; determination of effective value from curve, 309; formula for induction motors, 625, 628, 650; formula for transformers, 427, 513; formula for alternators, i, 9; impressed, 40; of alternators, form of curve, i ; of self- induction, 39; triangles, 42, 73. 87. Pressure and current relations, induc- tion motors, 603; poly-phase sys- tems, 555 ; synchronous motors, 575 ; transformers, 404, 440. Pressure curve, efifect of form on in- duction motor, 678; effect of form on transformer, 517; graphical con- struction, 384, 285; tracing of, 289. Prevention of spark on breaking cir- cuit, 136. Primary coil, 404. Primary current wave, form of, 45a Q- Quadrant, 44. Quadrant electrometer, 121. R. Radiating surface, armatures, 231, 640 ; fields, 232, 637; transformers, 468, 509. Rate of work in inductive circuit when current is risvt\^ ox t^Wvcv^, ^. Rated molor, XesWtv^ ;s\ve\tva\o\s,'>nV 726 INDEX. Ratio of transformation, 496. 438, 466. Kcuctanc«. 71. 7a; coils, 541. Kractions, alternator armature, 246, aso, yx); induction motors. 607, 636; |K>ly-phasrrs, 387. Reactive circuit, (Icfmition, 178. Reactive circuits in |>arallel,57, 72, 175, 103. "*><>: *" Jwries, 7a, 159, 171. 196. Reetifvinu commutator, 259. R«*Ku)atinK ticvices, alternators, 313, 3.11 ; induction motors. 619. Re^ulatinK for constant current, 321; piessure, 313. Re^ulatiim by wries exciter, 318; of alternator, 313, 320, 321; of induc- tion motor, (K12. f>i9, O32, 639, 655 ; of ideal transformer, 437; of trans- former, effect t>f Kvsses, 436; of trans- former, efTi^ct of self-inductance or ca|mcity, 439; tests of tr.insformers, ki'it«il;Uor. (i.m/and Co.. 313; Oneral l\ltM"tnr Co., 318; Wcstinghousc, Krl;tlion<« of t vnnMits .in»l pressures in polv ph.iM' sv^ttMMs. 55;;;. krhut.iiue, in.ij;nrtu-, ot transfornuT K'OXV, .jm>, 41)-*. Keptilsion. t'le\tn»inaj^uetio, (>43. kcsistviur', .ippateut, 71. k«*>»i>»t.»ncr tn.«ui:U*s. .|j, 73, 87. k<'M»lutioM ol altrtn.Uu)^ tickl, O47 ; 111 cuivt's, 75. (K>c;. krson.uu c. 7«H>. krsou.uu-r an.Uysis, 3tx\ ki'ViMMiui p«Wv-p!K»sc motors, (182. kinij .inn.ituHs. J5. Kis«* ot toniprntmr, 2\i, 4'>{i. Kni.itv ti«'Kl. 501 . ionst.vJUN.507 ; cflVct \^n .uiu.Uuu*. so^; ctt»\t i>n tirld wiiulini;^. (»_'5 ; uiil\u'tioiuuotor.5v^l ; itrri^n'.ar, ^.>?. | kot.irv ti.instvMmrr^. fK^S. kot.Uini; m.ij^tu'tic tu'lil. 51)1 ; irregular, kush of current on closini; inductive cirovMt. 5^0. 1 Kvan anvl lU*d(>ll, synchronous motor ; exporimcnl. v,ljt>. Ryan and MciT\U.vcsut\if,\\^w'bKvitw\vj\s, 170. R3ran contact maker. 301. 302; dtX' trometer, 294 ; ezperiraent on traas- ibrmer leakage. 430 ; tracxi^ corves. 993; translbriner corves. 460, 473. S. Scheeffer's meter, 672. Searing and Hoffman contact maker, 301. Secohm, 44. Secohmmeter, 105. Secondary coil, 404. Secondary generator. 396. Self-excited alternator, regulatkm. 330. 321. Self-induced field, energy of, 52. Self-inductance, 42, 43 ; and capadtr combined, 88, 89, 703, 709: dividrd circuits, 57, 72; eflTect on parallH operation, 349 ; effect on transfonnCT regulation, 439, 491 ; measuremrtt, 90; measurement by bridge. 93; measurement, comparison •vkith ci- pacity, 100. 103 ; measurement, com- parison \\ith resistance, 90 ; mca^ure- tnent, comparison with stanrUrJ self-inductanc(?. 98 ; measuroni'"t. comparison of two se'.f-induot.inas 96; of alternator armature. 243. 34,-; of induction motor armature, 007. 622; of parallel wires, 140. Self-induction. 39; coctVicient of, 43- pressure of, 39. Self-inductive circuits, current in. 65; current rushes in, 540: in p.ir.r.el and series, 72; poly-phase. 550: power in, loq, 112; rate of work in, 00; rise and fall of current in. 53: time constant, 62; under sinu>i.';.ul pressure, 65 ; variable perraeabi.iX 45. 107. Sep.irately excited alternator, regula- tion, 313. 321. Separatum of foucau'.t current and hysteresis losses, in alternators, 57-; in transformers, 500. Series, alternators in, 322. Series circuits, reactive, pressure and current relations in, 72. 15a. 171 i*- S^iwc^ -iccA ^^jollel circuits comb'.n^i. INDEX. 727 Shop tests of alternators, 382 ; of trans- formers, 486. Siemens and Halske, induction mo- tors, 622, 623, 625 ; tracing curves, 305. Single-phase, 387. Single-phaser, 387. Single-phase induction motors, 644, 650. Skin effect. 149. Slip of induction motor, 601, 631, 655. Snell, magnetic densities, 370. Sparking, commutator, 262. Sparking on breaking a circuit, 56, 135- Speed of alternators, 13, 239 ; of induc- tion motors, 601, 615, 634. Split dynamometer, 128, 483. Split-phase motor, 572. Standard inductance, 98, 420. Standing torque, 656. Stanley alternators in parallel, 345; arc-light alternator, 269, 321 ; induc- tion motors, 622, 624, 667; trans- formers, 475, 494, 498. 504. Star connection, 394, 550. Starting induction motors, 619, 652. Starting torque, 607, 656. Steinmetz. monocyclic system, 673; on parallel operation, 346, 349, 358. Step, 322. Stray power method of testing alterna- tors, 375; induction motors, 653; transformers, 485. Surface velocity, 13, 230, 634. Swinburne electrostatic watt-meter, 125; hedgehog transformer, 495, 5". Synchronism, 322. Synchronizers, 329. Synchronizing current, 340, 349, 353. Synchronous motor method of testing alternators, 380. Synchronous motors, 571; field strength, 573, 578, 580, 582; maxi- mum load, 583 ; pressure and current relations, 575; relation of armature current to excitation, 582. Table, alternator copper loss, 226; alternator dimensioDS, 14, 224 ; alter- nator frequencies and inductions, 371 ; characteristic features of alter- nating curves, 703 ; dynamo dimen- sions, 14; efficiency, power factor, etc. of induction motors, 656 ; Flem- ing's transformer tests, 512; Ford's transformer tests, 505-508, 510; in- creased resistance to alternating cur- rents, 147, 148. 149; inductions for induction motors, 635; maximum wire diameters for alternating cur- rents, 149; number of poles for in- duction motors, 615 ; polarized re- lays, inductance of, 49; f>ower and induction factors, 120; resistance, reactance, and imf>edance of cir- cuits, 145; setf-inductance of alter- nator, 52 ; synchronous motor over- loads, 585; tests of transformers, 473. 505. 506. 507, 508, 510, 512; transformer hysteresis loss, 518; transformer dimensions, 534; weight of American induction motors, 662 ; weight of European induction mo- tors, 662. Teeth, armature, 24 ; field, 638. Temperature of alternators, 231 ; of transformers, 466. Tesla motor, 591, 658. Testing alternators, 371 ; Ayrton's method, 377 ; by dynamometer, 372 ; Hopkinson's method, 373; Mor- dey's method, 375; motor-generator method, 379; rated motor method, 375; shop tests, 382; synchronous motor method, 380. Testing induction motors, 652; for efficiency, 653; for power factor, 654 ; for regulation, 655 ; for torque, 655. Testing transformers, 469 ; Ayrton and Sumpner's method, 487 ; calorimetric method, 481 ; for regulation, 490; Hopkinson's method, 477; Mor- dey's method, 480; Ryan and Mer- ritt's method, 470; split dynamom- eter method, 483; stray power methods, 485; voltmeter and am- meter methods, 484; wattmeter method, 4%^. Tests oi Xmeucaii \x^x\&ViX'«v«%^ «fiv Ing power. Is;. Three-ph»»a,3S7, 5+6. Tfare»^llM«T. 3S7, 546. \ 683. 685. _; ««n(ila, 6<; o( ^drciiit, K3; uf inOuclive dr- ciiU,te. Toiqae dbsi-um, inducl All; o( idol liiduclion Toiqaa of induciion muto ment ot ^SS: nonding. 65Q; ing. 656. Torque of syntlironous molon f- 4i9> S33: maenctic ktJup. Kyan'a enpinimenB, 430; nugnct- iiing cutrEiil, 453 ; picouiv n^< lions, 404, 440; primary coil, 404: tailLoting surface. 46S. 509. lal.o of tiansfacnialian. 40^ ^6A; rrgutUiuH, 43^. 437. 439; repilalkm loa. <w; rclalions deicrminpd grapliinllj. 440; tolJiry, 688; scmiularr Bill, 404; wlndlngE,. 46s. 468. 5'3. 51*. S-'9. i3'. 53=- TrUnKie vonnecliun, 394, 551. Tri.phsBC, 387. 546. Tri-ph«ier, 3B7, 546. ifi; systems, inilepenileiii. 546; <iv 5,684. ni.ssr." Vatimion in allemalor e rem, a6B. Vector analysis applied li ermelliodo' Venlili Volimeler and amperei VoHn.ctBr<thn«)melh power, 115 ; Weslinehouse. eowpra- satcLl, 316. Vollmelers. allernadng, a&7. xjj. ,117: effed on lotque i motors, 590 : in panl- INDEX. 729 tion motor, 601, (530; transformer, 433- Wattmeter, iii, 131 ; corrections, 131 ; electrostatic, 124; for high pressure, 382; for measuring power, 131; for poly-phase measurement, 556; method of testing transformers, 484 ; Scheeffer's recording, 672; Thom- son's recording, 673. Walts, apparent, 116. Wave winding, 18. Wavy field current in alternator, 268. Webster and Hanson experiments on rotary field, 597. Weight efficiency, alternators, 383 ; in- duction motors, 661 ; transformers, 500. Weights of induction motors, 662; of transformers, 500. Wcstinghouse compensated voltmeter, 316; induction motor, 591, 622, 625, 658,665; regulator, 317 ; transformer, 479. 494. 504. 512. Winding, alternator armature, 15; al- ternator field, 251 ; induction motor armature, 612, 638; induction mo- tor field, 614, 625, 634, 650; trans- former, 465. 468. 513, 519, 529, 531, 532. Working current, 117. Y. Y connection, 394, 550. Z. Zipernowsky commutator, 260. 4. 