None
and sulphur, 55. Chlorine, anhydrides of, 61. dioxide, 61. hydrate, 49. Chlorates, 54. Chlorinated compounds in bleached cellu- lose, 285. Chlorinated soda, 394. Chlorites, 54. Chlorophyll, 117. Chlorous acid, 54. Choke-damp, 32. Chrome yellow, 321,398. Chromate of lead, 85, 92, 321, 398. of potassium, 84. Chromates, analysis of, 398. Chromium, 84. compounds, 84. Cinnabar, 37. Cinnamic acid, in resins, 139. Clark process, 335, 406. Classification of papers, 420. Clay, 58, 77. composition of, 316. determination of, in paper, 439. use as paper-filler, 315. Clay iron-stone, 80. Cloudman's bleaching apparatus, 290. Coal-tar colors, 325. Cobalt, 83. compounds of, 83. Cochineal, 322. Coooanut fibre, 128. Cohesion, 6. Coir fibre, 128. Coke, 31. Collodion-, 111. Colophony, 139. Color furnishes, ;i28. of paper, 320. of pulp, 266. of water, 330. Coloring, 320. Coloring matter of hark, 141. of cotton, 121. of knots, 141. Colors, ash of mineral, 440. substantive, 320. Columbiuna, 90. Combined rosin, 419. Combustion, 26, &i. spontaneous, 26. Compounds, 7, 10. Condensed water in sulphite process, 255. Coniferous trees, wood of, 134. Connecticut River, color of water, 331. Conservation of energy, 3. Continuous current, 455. Copper, l>2. , pyrites, 198. sulphate, 384. Copperas, 81, 385. Coprolites, 73. Cork, 141. Corundum, 76. Cotton, 121. threads, strength of, 289. waste, 157. Cottonwood, 145. Craney process, 460. Cream of tartar, 04. Crenothrix, 332. Crocker process, 230. Cross and Bevan, action of chlorine on cellulose, 112. exam, of fibres, 123, 124. lignification, 118. Cross, Bevan, and Beadle, new cellulose derivatives, 468. Crouvelle's bleaching-liquor, 295. Crown filler, 317. Cryolite, 57, 77. Current, electric, 454. Current efficiency, 454. Curtis & Jones lining, 250. Cutton process, 460. Cyanhydric acid, 35. Cyanogen, 35. Cypress, 146. Dalton, atomic theory, 5. De Chardonnet, artificial silk, 111. Definite proportions, 9. Deliquescence, 64. 508 INDEX. Density of woods, 137. Dervaux filter, 344. Desiccator, 351. Dextrin, 106, 114. Diamond, 31. Diaphragm, use in electrolysis, 460. Didymium, 79. Difference of potential, 454. Digesters, 162, 232. bronze, 239. cement-lined, 246. emptying of, 260, 263. enamel-lined, 243. experimental, 269. lead-lined, 232. Mitscherlich, 242. Salomon-Briingger, 243. valves for, 240. Dinitrocellulose, 110. Dirt in paper, 423. in pulp, 267. Discs, use of in Mitscherlich process, 100. •Dithionates, 47. Dolomite, 227. Drying, loft, 303. Duramen, 136. Durin, cellulosic fermentation, 116. Dyes, 320-322. dilutions of, 327. testing of, 326, Earth metals, 76. Eau de Javelle, 296, 394. de Labarraque, 296. Eder, nitrogen in pyroxylins, 110. prep, of cellulose penta-uitrate, 110. Edge-runner for working straw, 161. Ekinan furnace, 194. modified, 195. lining, 237. process, 185. towers, 210. Electric bleaching, 452. Electricity, conduction by liquids, 4~2. Electric current, analogy to flowing water, 454. effect of, 452. Electrical units, 454. 'Electrolysis, 453. conditions of, 456. .theory of, 456. Electrolytes, def., 453. Electrolytic processes, 452. efficiency of, 462. general features of. 460. Electrolyzer, Hermite, 457. Electromotive force, 454. Elements, chemical, 5, 7. metallic, 62. non-metallic, 25. table of, 486. Elements of wood, 133. Emerald, 75. Emery, 76. E. M. F., 454. Energy, conservation of, 3. Engine sizing, 304. English test for alkali, 360. Eosin, 326, Epsom salts, 47. Equations, 17. Equivalents, 13. Erbium, 79. Esparto, 131. treatment of, 157. Euchlorine, 51. Evaporation, multiple effect, 166. open pan, 165. Evaporator, Gaunt, 169. Potion, 173. Yaryan, Ui6. Examples in chemical arithmetic, 19. Expansion of -lead, 232. Experimental digester, 269. Fahrenheit's thermometer, 479. Fermentation^ decomposition of celluloso by, 115. formation of cellulose by, 116. Ferric chloride, 81. nitrate., 397. oxide, 81. salts, del, 15. Ferricyanide of potassium, 35. Ferrocyanide of potassium, 35. Ferrous bicarbonate, 81. salts, def., 15. sulphate, 385. Fibres, 117. bast, 121. chemical examination; .derived from whole stems or loaves, 129. from wx>od, 132. fungoid growth on, 269. microscopical examination, 441. staiinng effects, 443. standard mixtures, 444. Fibrous alumine, 317. tests for in paper, 439. Fillers, mineral, 314. Filter, .Dervaux, 34£. gravity, 338. pressure, 341. Warren, v838. Filter paper, analysis of, 287. Filter-beds, 837. Filtration,, 336. Filaments, 023. Fir, white, 143. Fla«,124. Flax, New Zealand, Jflf. INDEX. 509 Flint, 58. Flint glass, 92. Flowers of sulphur, 36. Fluoride of boron, 57. Fluorine, 56. Fluorspar, 56. "Fool's- gold," 38. Fracture length of paper, 425. how calculated, 426. Frank, Dr., action of waste sulphite liquors on animal life, 273. sulphite liquor apparatus, 223. Free acid in alum, 311. in sulphite liquor, 208. rosin, determination of, 418. Freiberg pyrites burner, 198. French white,, analysis of, 374. Fuchsine, 325. Fuel value of woods, 138. Fungoid growth in fibre, 2(59. Galena, 37, 91. Gallium, 94. Gas-cooler,^\£heeTwright, 208. Gas pressure, 7. in sulphite process, 252. Gas recovery, 261. Gelatine, 302. Gemmell, moisture in pulp, 451. German silver, 84. Girard, hydration of cellulose, 114. Gladstone, action of soda upon cellulose 115. Glass, 58. Glauber's salt, 65. Glucinuni, 75. Glucose, 106, 114. Glue, 302, Glycerine, density of solutions, 498. Godeffroy, det. of ground wood, 446. Gold, 98. ftoodaie, bast-fibres, 122. Graham digester, 2o8. Graphite, 31. Graphic symbols, 14. Gravity filters, 338. Gray pine, 142. Green dyes, 326. vitriol, 81. Greenwood process, 460. Gritfm, Martin L., moisture in pulp, 450. Grit in paper-fillers, 315. Ground wood, bleaching of , 294. samplingr 447. tests for, 445. Growth o* wood , 135. Gum reshis, 13&. Gum, sweet, 145. Gums, 120. GuneoUo.n, 109. Gypsum, 47, 73. Gypsum paper-filler, 317. det. of, 439. Hackmatack, 144. Haermatite, 80. Halogens* 57. compounds of, 57. Hard water, 72, 329. Hardness, test for, in water, 403. Heart wood, 136. Heat, 6. latent, 7. relations of atoms to, 8. specific, 7. ui>it of, 7. units developed by combustion, 33. Heavy spar, 47, 70. " Heavy lead ore," 91. Hemlock, 144. Hemp, 126. sisal, 129. sunn, 127. Henequin, 129. Hermite process, 457. Herzberg, ash in pulps, 438. plate- of fibres, 132. Hewitt and Mond, causticizing process, 175. Hexaottrocellulose, 110. HohneT, lignin reactions, 445. Holland and Richardson process, 460. Horse power, electrical, 456. Hosford^s antichlor, 284. Hydrate of aluminum, 77. of calcium, 71. of magnesium, .74. Hydrates, def., 15. Hydraulic lime, 72. Hydrocarbons, 31. Hydrocellulose, 114, 437. Hydrochloric acid, 49. analysis of, 355. density of solutions, 491. use in bleaching, 292. Hydrofluoric acid, 66. Hydrogen, 27. and chlorine, 49. peroxide, 29. mfg., 70. use as antichlor, 285. sulphide, 38. Hydrolysis, def., 182. Hydrometer, Beaume, 482, 483. Twaddle's, 484. Hydroxide of alumina, 77. of zinc, 74. Hypochlorite of aluminum, 295. of calcium, 275, 301. of magnesium, 294, 394. of potash, 296, 394. of soda, 29fi, 394. of zinc, 295. Hypochlorites, prep, by electrolysis, 452. 510 Hypochlorous acid, fil, 292. Hyposulphite of soda, 45, 283. Hyposulphurous acid. 44. Indian red, 400. Indium, 94. Injectors for transferring liquor, 231. Iodine, 5(5. solution for paper-testing, 443. Ion, def., 453. Intensity currents, 455. Iridium, 100. Irish flax, 124. Iron, 80. in alum, 311. bacteria, 332. pyrites, 198. wood, 138. Isinglass, 302. Italian hemp, 126. Javelle water, 394. Jung and Lindig lining, 245. Jute, 125. bleaching of, 294. treatment of, 293. Kaolin, 58. Kellner, cement lining, 246. filtering-tower, 201. sizing, 313. Kellogg lamp, 351. Kier, the Mather, 153. Knofler oven, 449. Knots, 140. removing from wood, 189. Kupfer-nickel, 84. Labarraque's solution, 394. Lampblack, 31. Lanthanum, 79. Larch, 144. Latent heat, 7. Lavoisier, 3.. Law of Ampere, 7.. of definite proportions,. 9. of multiple proportions, 12. Ohm's, 455. Load, 91. action of acids upon, 233. burning, 241. linings, 232. Ekman, 237. Francke, 234. Graham, 238. Makin, 235. Mitseherlich, 242. Partington, 234, 236. Ritter-Kellner, 237. Kussell, 235. Springer, 236. Wheelwright, 238. Lead acetate, 92, 397. density of solutions, 494. chromate, 85, 92. testing, 398. use in coloring paper, 321. sugar of, 92, 397. density of solutions, 494. Leblanc process, 65. Length, measures of, 478. Leonhardi's test for sizing, 436. Le Sueur and \Vaite process, 460. Liber-fibres, 123. Light, action on rosin size, 306. Lignifted fibre, tests for, 445* Lignification, 118. Lignin, 118. Liguireose, 119. Lignite, 31. Lignone, 119. Lignose, 119. Lime, 71. analysis of, 362. composition of, for causticizing, 174. for rag-boiliug, 152. for sulphite liquor, 227. det. of in sulphite liquor, 414. hydraulic, 72. milk of, 71. density, 498. reclaimer, 175. water, 71. Lime, carbonate of, 72. analysis, 374. in water, 338. sulphate of, 73, 191. sulphite of, 191, 229, 253. Limestone, 72. analysis of, 374. use in tanks, 212. in (towers, 204. Linen, 124. Liquor-making, sulphite, 190. Litharge, 91. Lithi um>68. Loading paper, 314. Locust, 148. Lunar caustic, 96. Mactear, tabulated view of alkali mfg.,87. Magenta, 325. Magnesia, 74. analysis, 365. bleach liquor, 294- det. of in sulphite liquors, 414. use in Ekman process, 187, 210. Magnesite, analysis, 374. Magnesium, 73. carbonate, analysis, 374. chloride, 389. density of solutions, 501. electrolysis of, 458. INDEX. 611 Magnesium hydrate, 74. 365. hypochlorite, 29*, 394. by electrolysis, 458. oxide, 74, 187, 210. silicate, 74. use as paper-filler, 316, 440. sulphate,. 74, 384. Magnetic iron ore, 80. metals, 79. Magnetite, 80. Makin lining; 235. Malachite green, 326. Manganese, 82. Manganite, 82. Manila, 126. Maple, silver, 140. Marble, analysis, 374. Marsh gas from cellulose, 116. Mass, d&., 4. Mather Kler. 153. Matter, 3.. conservation of, 3. properties of, 5. states of, 6. Mauvein, 325. McDougall, digester lining, 235. liquor apparatus, 212, 217. Measures, metric system, 4, 478. Meerschaum, 74. Mercerized cellulose, 115. Mercury, 97. compounds of, 97. Merrimac River, color of water, 331. Metals, 62. alkali group, 63. antimony group, 88. of alkaline earths, 69. earth, 76. iron group, 79. lead group. 90. magnesium group, 73. magnetic, 79. noble, 93. silver group, 95. tin group, 85. Metantimonic acid, 89. Methyl violet, 326. Metric system, 478. Microscope, 441. Microscopical examination of fibres, 441. of paper-fillers, 314. Milk of lime, 71. density of, 498. Millon's reagent, test for auimal size, 432. Mineral colors, 321, 398. Mineralization of cell-wall, 117. Minium, 91. Mitscherlieh process, digester, 242. gas recovery, 262. boiling, 256. pulp, 267. Mitschetlich process, pyrites burner, 199. stamp mill, 263. sulphur furnace, 196. tower 'system, 205. Mitscherlieh sizing process, 313. Mixtures and compounds, 10. Moisture in pulp, 446. Molecules, 5. Molybdenite, 87. Molybdenum, 87. " Money value " test for dyes, 402. Monosulphite of calcium, formation of, 228, 253. incrustation, 229, 253. removal of, 230. Mordants, 320. Mortars, 72. Mosaic gold, 86. Mulberry tree, 128. Mulder, formation of glucose, 116. Mtiller, A., ash in fibres, 438. Miiller, Hugo, analysis of cotton, 121. esparter, 131. flax, 124. jute, 125. hemp, 126. manila, 127. «unn hemp, 127. woods, 140. Multiple-effect evaporation, 186. Muriatic acid, 49. analysis, 355. density of solutions, 491. Naphthol, 326. Nascent state, 17. Negative pole, 455. N&nethy liquor apparatus, 220. New York Filter Co.'s filter, 341. New. Zealand flax, 127. Nfckel, and compounds of, 84. Nitrates, 31. analysis of, 395. Nitrate of iron, 397. of lead; 92. of potash, 64, 395. of silver, 96. of soda, 65, 396. Nitric acid, 30. analysis of, 356. density of solutions, 490. Nitrogen, 29. and carbon, 35. and chlorine, 55. and oxygen, 30. and sulphur, 48. Noble metals, 95. Nomenclature, 14. Nordhausen acid, 47. Normal paper, 420. Normal solutions, 352. 512 INDEX. Korton, Dr. L. M., moisture in pulp, 451. Ochres, 400. Ohm, def., 455. Ohm's law, 455. Oil of vitriol, 46. Oleo-resins, 138. Onyx, 58. Open-pan evaporation, 165. Orange mineral, 91, 399. Osmium, 100. Ovens, drying-, 448. Oxalic acid, analysis, 358. density of solutions, 483. Oxides, 26. of aluminum, 76. of antimony, 88. of arsenic, 60. of barium, 70. of cadmium, 75. of calcium, 71. of carbon, 32. of chlorine, 50. of cobalt, 83. of copper, 92. Of chromium, 84. of indium, 94. of iron, 80. of lead, 91. of magnesium, 74. of manganese, 82. of mercury, 97. of molybdenum, 87. of nickel, 84. of nitrogen, 30. of potassium, 63. of silicon, 58. of silver, 95. of sodium. 360. of sulphur, 39. of tin, 85. of tungsten, 87. of vanadium, 90. of zinc, 74. Oxidizing flame, 34. Oxycellulose, 113. Oxygen, 25. mfg. of, 70. use hi bleaching, 298. Oxyhydrogen flame, 28. Ozone, 27. , bleach, 298. Palladium, 99. Paper, ash in, 437. capillary power of blotting, 436. chlorides in, 437. classification of, 420. direction on machine, 421. dirt in, 423. Paper filler, det. of kind, 439. filter, analysis of, 287. finish of, 423. fracture length of, 425. free acid in, 437. ground vood in, 445. microscopical examination of, 44-1. norm&l, 420. parchment, 107. light and wrong sides, 421. starch in, 434. strength of, 424. stretch of, 424. testing, 420. thickness of, 424. water marks, 422. Paper birch, 1 47. mulberry, 128. Parchment paper, 107. Paris green, 60, 93. Paris, plaster of, 73. Partington lining, 234, 236. liquor apparatus, 215. Partition, use of porous, in electrolysis, 453. Paste, 92. Patents, list of sulphite, 471. Pearlash, analysis of, 373. Pearl hardening, 316, 439. analysis of, .383. composition of, 3l7. Pelouze, action of nitric acid on cellulose, 108. Peuta-nitro-cellulose, 110. Perchloric acid. 55. Permanganate of potash, 83. Peroxide of barium, 70. of hydrogen, 29. use as antichlor, 285. Pewter, 85. Phloroglncin, for paper-testing, 441, 445. Phosphate of lime, 73. Phosphate rock, 73. Phosphides. 59. Phosphor bronze, tX), 86. Phosphorus, 59, Photography, 96. Physical change, 3. Physical properties, 5. Picker seed, treatment of, 156. Picker waste, treatment of, I5£. Pig iron, 81. Pine, gray, 142. white, 14?*. Plaster of Paris, 73. Platinum, 98. Plumbago, 31. Poles, def., 453. of dynamo, 455. Polythionic acids, 197. Poplar, 144. Porion evaporator, 172. INDEX. 513 Porter-Clark process, 335. Potash, 63. caustic, 64. analysis, 361. density of solutions, 495. Potash alum, 77. density of solutions, 495. Potassium, 6b. bichromate, 85, 398. carbonate, 64. chlorate, 54, 64. chloride, 64. chromate, 84. ferricyanide, 35. ferrocyanide, 35. hydrate, 64, 361, 495. hypochlorite, 296, 394. nitrate, 64, 395. oxide, 63, 361. permanganate, 83. tartrate, 64. Potential, 454. Prefixes, use in chemical terms, 405. Preparing wood, 188. Pronunciation of chemical terms, 465. Prussian blue, 35, 321, 400. Prussic acid, 35. Pulp, " air-dry," moisture in, 449. sampling, 447. testing for moisture, 44(5. Pulp, soda, 161. cause of bad odors in, 38. effect of traces of black liquor, 289. yields, 149. sulpha-te, mfg., 178. sulphite, analysis of, bleached, 287. analysis of Mitscherlich, 267. analysis of quick cooked, 268. bleaching, loss in, 288. blue, addition of, to bleached, 285. burned, 266. cause of bad odors in, 38. chlorinated cellulose in, 286. dirt in, 267. fungoid growth on, 269. quality, conditions affecting, 261, 266. yellow discoloration on, 283. yields, 149, 269. Pumping sulphite liquor, 230. Pyrites, 37, 38. 'copper, 198. iron, 198. Pyrites burner, Freiberg, 198. Mitscherlich, 199. Pyrolusite, 82. Pyroxylin, 109. Quantity currents, 456. Quantivalence, 13. Quartz, 58. Quicklime, 71. Radicle, def., 69. Rags, boiling, etc., 151. Ramie, 127. Ramsay's bleach liquor, 295. Reactions, 17. analytical, 18. secondary, 453. synthetical, 18. Recovered lime, 175. Recovery of gas, 261. of soda, 158, 164. Red dyes, 325. Reducing flame, 34. Resins, 120, 138. Retention of fillers, 318, 440. Retort sulphur furnace, 193. Rhea, 128. Rhodium, 99. Ritter-Kellner filtering-tower, 200. lining, 237. tank apparatus, 211. tower system, 218. Rock crystal, 58. Rosm, 139. combined, det. of, 419. free, in size, 304. Rosin size, analysis of, 417. composition of, 305. preparation, 305. test for, 433. Rotary furnaces, 170. rag boilers, 151. sulphite digesters, 236. Rubbing test for paper, 431. Rubidium, 68. Ruby, 76. Ruby copper ore, 93. Russell cement lining, 247. lead lining, 2,S5. Russian blast lamp, 351. Ruthenium, 99. Rutile, 86! Safranine, 326. Salomon-Brungger digester, 243. Salt cake, 385. Salt, common, 65. analysis of, 386. density of solutions, 482. electrolysis of, 453. Salt of tartar, 373. Saltpetre, 64. analysis of, 395. Salts, 15. Sampling pulp, 447. Sapphire, 76. Sapwood, 136. Scale, boiler, 333. preventives, 335. Scarlet Hquor, 324. Schenck digester metal, 239. 514 INDEX. Schonbein, discovery of explosive cotton, 108. Schopper paper-tester, 428. Sckuman, det. of rosin size, 434. Schiinck, wax, etc., in raw cotton, 121. Schweitzer's reagent, 104. Sea-water, 49. Secondary reactions, 453. Seed-hairs, 121. Selenite, 73. Selenium, 48. Serpentine, 74. Sesquichloride of iron, 391. Sesquioxide of alumina, 77, of iron, 81. Silver, 95. Silver maple, 14(5. Silvering mirrors, 97. Silica, 58. in water, 334. Silicate of magnesia, 74. of soda, 58, 308. Silicon, 58. Sisal hemp, 129. Size, det. of in paper, 431. rosin, 304. action of light on, 306. analysis of, 417. composition of, 305, 306. prep, of, 305. with aluminate of soda, 307. with silicate of soda, 308. Sizing, 301. use of acid sulphites, 313. casein, 307. starch, 319. Smalt, 83. Soap-stone, 74. Soda, 65. analysis of, 367. density of solutions, 494. det of in sulphite liquor, 416. recovery of, 158, 164. sources of loss in, 177. Soda alum, 77. Soda, aluminate of, 307. Soda ash, 65. analysis of, 367. causticiziug, 173-175. density of solutions, 494. Soda, caustic, 64. , analysis of, 359. density of solutions, 493. Soda process for wood fibre, 161. boiling, 162. causticizing, 173. Hewitt & Mond process, 175. recovery, 164. sources of Joss, 177. Sodium, 64. by electrolysis, 453. Sodium aluminum fluoride, 71/" biborate, 57, (55. bicarbonate, 65. analysis of, 371. bichromate, 398. carbonate, 05. analysis of, 367. density of solutions, 494. chloride, <>5. analysis of, 386. density of solutions, 482. electrolysis of, 453-459. use in Hermite process, 459. hydrate, 64. analysis of, 359. density of solutions, 493. hypochlorite, 296, 394. , hyposulphite, 44. use as autichlor, 283. nitrate, 65. analysis of, 396. silicate, 58. use in sizing, 308. sulphate, 385. sulphite, use as antichlor, 284. thiosulphate, 45. use as antichlor, 283. tungstate, 87. Soft water, 329. Solder, 86. Solids, mineral in water, 407. total in water, 406. Solutions, normal, 352. Solvay ash, use in sulphite process, 230. Solvay process, 68. Sorghum, 132. Specific gravity, 4. and degrees Beaume', 482, 483. and degrees Twaddle, 484, Specifio heat, 7. Specular iron ore, 80. Speiss cobalt, 83. Spelling of chemical terms, 465. Sponges, fresh-water, 331. Spontaneous combustion, 26. Springer lining, 236. Spruce, 142. analysis of, 140. preparation, 188. specific gravity, etc., 138, yields, 149, 269. Spruce pulp, ground wood, 142. soda, 164. sulphate, 178. sulphite, 267. analyses of, 267, 268, 287. Stamp mill, 263. Standard papers, 442. Standard solutions, 352. Stannate of soda, 86. Starch, 319, 434. 515 Steam, temperature of, 487. Steel, 81. Stibine, 88. Stochiometry, 18. Stock in normal papers, 420. Storage tanks, 231. Storer, fixing of nitrogen by hum us, 116. Straw, 129. treatment of, 158. Strontium, 71. Suberin, 141. Sublimation of sulphur, 197. Substantive colors, 320. Sugar of lead, 92. analysis of, 397. density of solutions, 494. Sulphates, 47. analysis of, 375. Sulphate of alumina, 77, 309. analysis of, 375. composition of, 310. Sulphate of ammonia, 69. of barium, 70. of calcium, 73, 228. of copper, 90, 384. of iron, 81, 885. of lead, 91, 233. of lime, 73. in ash of paper, 439. in sulphite liquor, 191, 22!, 228. in towers, 207. in water, 334. paper-filler, 310. of magnesia, 74. 884. Of soda, 65, 366 of zioe, 75, 384. Sulphate process, 178. Sulphides, 37. Sulphites, 41. Sulphite of lime, 43. antichlor, 284. cause of leaky tanks, 231. cause of leaky valves, 230. in liquor, 209. in Frank apparatus, 225. in Jung & Liudig lining, 245. in Salomon-Brungger lining, 243. in sediment, 228. in towers, 207. incrustation in digester, 253. liquor apparatus, 229. precipitation of, 253. solubility, 191. Sulphite of magnesia, 43. in towers, 188. Sulphite of soda, 184. antichlor, 284. Sulphite liquors, analysis of, 412. composition of, 208, 209, 210, 226, 223. preparation of, 190. absorption apparatus, 203. Sulphite liquors, lime for, 227. pumping, 230. storage, 231. sulphur burning, 192. waste, 270. action on life, 273, 274. Sulphite process, 179. boiling, 250. digesters and linings, 232. gas recovery, 261. history, 185. liquor-making, 190. patents, 471. preparing wood, 188. theory, 182. waste liquor, 270. Sulpho-arsenides, 60. Sulphur, 35. action of 8O2 on, 197. analyses of, 192. burning, 190, 192. filtering-tower, 201. flowers of, 36. grades, 37, 192. loss of, 228. sublimation, 197. yield of SO2, 225. Sulphur and carbon, 48. and chlorine, 55. and nitrogen, 48. and oxygen, 39. Sulphur, compounds of, 37. Sulphur dioxide, .40. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 39. Sulphuric acid, 45. action on lead, 233. on wood, 182. analysis of, 353. cause of loss of sulphur, 229. density of solutions, 488. det, of in sulphite liquor, 414. formation during boiling, 361, 185. during sulphur burning, 190, 191, 196, 214. in alum, 311. prep, of different strengths, 489. removal from gas, 200, 203. use in bleaching, 292. in paper-testing, 443. Sulphuric anhydride, 47. Sulphurous acid, 40. action on life, 274. on sulphur, 197. available, 209. bleach, 44, 299. blowing off, 252. combined, 209. density of solutions. 498. determination of, 412. free, 209. gas pressure, 252. 616 INDEX. Sulphurous acid in burner gas, 208. in furnace gas, 190. in sulphite liquor, 210, 226, 228. in waste liquor, 273. use in pulp-making, 179. Sulphurous anhydride, 40. Sunn hemp, 127. Surface waters, 329. Sylvic acid, in resins, 139. Symbols, 10. graphic, 14. Synthetical reactions, 18. Sweet gum, 145. Talc, 74. Tamarack, 144. Tannic acid, test for animal size, 431. Tannin in bark, 141. Tappeiner, fermentation of ceHulose, 115. Tartar emetic, 88. Tartar, salt of, analysis, 373. Tauss, effect of hot water on cellulose, 115. Tellurium, 48. Temperature, 6. effect on sizing, 312. Temporary hardness, 405. Terminations of chemical terms, 466. Tetranitro-cellulose, 110. Thallium, 92. Thermometers, relations between, 479. Thio-derivatives of cellulose, 468. Th ionic acids, 47. Thiosnlphate of calcium, use as antichlor, 285. of soda, 45. Thiosulphuric acid, 45. Thorium, 87. Tilghman, inventor of sulphite process, 179. Tin, 85. Tinstone, 86. Titanium, 86. Trache'ids, 132. measurements of, 137. Triuitro-cellulose, 110. Tungsten, 87. Turpeth mineral, 97. Turquoise, 77. Twaddle's hydrometer, 484. Ulbricht, distribution of resin in wood, 139. Ultramarine, 321, 400. Unit of atomic weights, 8. of heat, 7, 33. Units, electrical, 454. of weights and measures, 478. Uraaium, 85. Vanadium, 89. attraction of cellulose for compounds of, 104. Vanadium, attraction of oxycelluiose for compounds of, 113. Vanillin, test for, 433. in waste liquors, 271. Varrentrapp's bleaching-salt, 295. Vegetable cell, 117. Venetian red, 399. Verdigris, 93. Vermilion, 97. Victoria green, 326. Vinegar, analysis of wood, 357. Violet dyes, 32H. Vitriol, blue, 93, 384. green, 81, 385. white, 75, 384. Vitriol, oil of, 45. analysis, 353. density of solutions, 488. prep, of different strengths, 489. Volt, def., 454. Volume, def., 4. Volumetric analysis, 353. Vomiting boiler, 157. Warren filters, 338. rotary furnace, 170. Washing and bleaching apparatus, Cloud- man, 290. Washing-soda, (15. Waste sulphite liquor, 270. Water, 29, 329. acid, 334. analysis, 403. Clark's softening process, 406. collecting samples, 346. color of, 830. effect upon bleaching, 290- for manufacturing purposes, 411. hardness of, 329, 333, 403. in wood, 137. organic and volatile matter in, 407. scale-forming, 333. sea, 49. total solids, 406. volume used per ton of paper, 330. Water-bath, 351. gas, 32. marks, 422. Water of ammonia, 69. analysis, 301. Waters, chalybeate, 81. surface and ground, 329. Wax in raw cotton, 121. in straw, 131. Weigelt-Reufach, action of waste liquors on life, 273. Weight, def., 4. Weights, atomic, 8. metric system, 478. Well-thread, 332. Wendler paper-tester, 425. INDEX. 517 Weridler-Spiro liquor apparatus, 221. Wenzel cement lining. 246. Wheelwright cooler, 203. digester, 238. liquor apparatus, 215. White arsenic, GO. birch, 147. fir, 143. lead, 91. pine, 143. Whiting, 374. Wiesner, starch in ancient papers, 319. Willesden paper, 105. Willow, 148. Wilson's bleach liquor, 295. Witherite, 70. Witz, action of oxidizing agents on cellu- lose, 113. Wood, 132. density of, 137. elements of, 133. growth of, 135. heaviest, 138. Wood, moisture in, 137. of coniferous trees, 134. preparing, 161, 188. resin in, 139. Wood-cells, air and water in, 137, Wood-fibres, 133. Wood-vinegar, 357. Woods, analyses of, 140. fuel value, 138. Woods used in pulp-making, 141, 149,150. Wiirster, determination of starch, 434. theory of sizing, 304, 433. Yaryan evaporator, 166. Yellow dyes, 326. Yttrium.JU Zinc, 74. bleach liquor, 295. compounds of, 74, 75. sulphate, analysis of, 384. Zirconium, 86. Zylonite, 111. t-. \ FIG 66. — SOUTH CAROLINA CLAV. ' •r-s * .- . fi;;/ ^ • •* •- ••• jt * ' * •;•„;;?' FIG. 67. — ENGLISH CHINA CLAY. FIG. 68. — LEAMOUR CLAY. FIG. 69. — AGALITE. FIG. 70. — PEARL HARDENING. PIG. 71. — FIBROUS ALUMINE. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. DEC 13 1947 SEP 8Apr'58LW LD LD 21-100m-9,'47(A5702sl6)476 7~S 385548 -^ YC 18248 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY. 