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Pagliani, L.: • Trattato di igiene e de sanita publica colle applicazioni all'ingegneria e alia vigilanza sanitaria. 8°, Milano, 1005. 792 MILITARY HYGIENE. Parkes, L. C.: Hygiene and public health. 5 ed., 12°, London, 1897. Pfeiffer, R. & Proskauer, B.: Encyklopadie der Hygiene. Lfrg. 1-8, 8°, Leipzig, 1902-1903. Plicque, A. F.: Precis populaire d'hygiene pratique. 12°, Paris, 1902. Prausnitz, W.: Grundziige der Hygiene unter Beriicksichtigung der Gesetzgebung des deutschen Reichs und Oester- reichs. 8 Auf., 8°, Munchen, 1908. Proust, A.: Traite d'hygiene. 3 ed., avec la collaboration de A. Netter et H. Bourges. 8°, Paris, 1904. Reid, G.: Practical sanitation; a handbook for sanitary inspectors and others interested in sanitation. 8 ed., 8°, London, 1901. Rideal, S.: Disinfection and the preservation of food. 8°, London & New York. Sewage and bacterial purification of sewage. London. Rohe, G. H.: Text-book of hygiene. 3 ed., 8°, Phila., 1899. Rosenau, M. J.: Preventive medicine and hygiene. Xew York, 1913. Rubner, M.: Lehrbuch der Hygiene; systematische Darstellung der Hygiene und ihrer wichtigsten Untersuchungs methoden. 8 Auf., 8°, Wein, 1907. Rubner, M., von Gruber, M. & Picker, M.: Handbuch der Hygiene. 4 ed., Leipzig, 1911. Schoofs, F.: Traite d'hygiene pratique; methodes de recherches. 8", Paris, 1908. Sedgwick, W. T.: Principles of sanitary science and public health. Boston, 1902. Shaw, W. N.: Air currents and the laws of ventilation. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1907. Simpson, W. J.: , The principles of hygiene as applied to tropical and sub-tropical climates. 8°, London & New York, 1908. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 793 Smolensky, P.: Traite d'hygiene. Precedes rapides de recherche des falsifications et alterations. Traduction du russe, avec annotations. 8°, Paris, 1904. Smyth, A. W.: A text-book of the principles of hygiene, based on physiology. For the use of school teachers. 8°, London, 1905. Sternberg, G. M.: Report on building of model houses. Washington, 1908. Stevenson & Murphy: Treatise on hygiene. 3 vols., London. Thoinot, L, H. & Nordon: Hygiene. 8°, Paris, 1911. Von Esmarch, E.: Hygienisches Taschenbuch fur medizinal und verwal- tungsbeamte Aerzte, Techniker und Schulmanner. 3 Auf., 12°, Berlin, 1902. Wanhill. C. F. & Beveridge, W. W. O.: The sanitary officer's handbook of practical hygiene. 8°, London, 1909. Waring, G. E.: How to drain a house. Weill-Mantow, J.: Hygiene individuelle et economic domestique. 12°, Paris, 1909. Whipple, G. C.: Microscopy of drinking water. Boston, 1905. Williams, M.-. Chemistry of cookery. Wilson, G.: A handbook of hygiene and sanitary science. 8 ed., 12°, London, 1898. INDEX Abdominal band, 440, 704 Acetone bodies, 317 Acetylene, as illuminant, 560 field outfit for, 561 Acids, mineral, as disinfectants, 737 vegetable, as food, 313 Actinic rays and their action, 695 effect of color on, 697 opacity on, 697 in relation to clothing, 425 in water purification, 282 Actinomycosis in cattle and man, 326 Administration in the field, 683 Aeroplane in war, 745 Age, as influencing sickness and mor- tality, 20 in relation to physical develop- ment, 183 of applicants for enlistment in U. S. Army, 183 in U. S. Navy, 755 Air, amount of, necessary, 531 aqueous vapor in, 511 composition of, 509 contamination of, 519, 524 cooling of, in habitations, 706 as disinfectant, 719 passage of, through walls, 477, 536 purification of, in nature, 529 sewer, 565 symptoms produced by pollution of, 524 principal causes of, 524 Air space necessary, in barracks, 531 in hospitals, 532 on board ships, 756 Airing of barracks, 492, 534 Albuminoids of meat, 307 Alcohol, food value of, 414 methylic or wood, 417 Alcoholic drinks, 414 in the tropics, 694 in cold climates, 714 Alcoholism, rates for, in Army and Navy, 131 symptoms and effects of, 416 Altitude, effects of, 515 in the tropics, 709 Ammonia, in air, 511 in water, 267 permissible amount of, 268 Amoebae, in relation to dysentery, 47 Ankylostomiasis, 108 cause and symptoms of, 108 prophylaixs of, in Ankylostomum duodenale, 108 Anopheles mosquitoes, 168 Anthrax in man and cattle, 100, 327 Antiseptic, definition of, 719 Anti-siphon trap, 572 Antitoxins, 27 Applicants for enlistment, 183 age limits of, in Army, 183 in Navy, 755 causes of rejection of, 192 chest measurement of, 189 height and weight requirements of, 187 method of examination of, 193 relation between height and weight of, 191 special disqualifications of, 197 vision and hearing requirements of, 195, 197 in the Navy, 755 Arnold sterilizer, 721 Ascaris lumbricoides, 106, 107 Asphyxiating gases, 121 Athlete's heart, 220 Athletic games and races, 229 Autogenesis, 26 Aviation, requirements for, 197 Bacillus, definition of, 23 aerogenes capsulatus, 14, 272 anthracis, 100 botulinus, 327 bulgaricus, 315, 342 coli communis, 271 comma, 51 diphtheriae, 91 of Ducrey, 122 dysenterise, 46 enteritidis (Gartner), 328 enteritidis sporogenes, 272 lactis aerogenes, 272 leprse, 102 mallei, 101 paratyphosus, 42 perfringes, 14 pestis, 86 prodigiosus, 263 proteus vulgaris, 328, 369 pyocyaneus, 14 795 796 INDEX. subtilis, 369 tetani, 97 tuberculosis, 56 Bacon, qualities of, 322, 387, 402 ration of, 383 Bacteria, action of, on proteins, 315 on carbohydrates, 317 classification of, 23 denitrifying, 601 effect of diet on intestinal, 369 in air, 521 in water, 270 in sewer, 565 in soil, 601 introduction of, in body, 27 nitrifying, 580, 601 of putrefaction, 602 Bake-ovens, 375 Balantidium coli, 48 Ball trap, 568 Barber shop, hygiene of, 248 on board ships, 764 Barrack bag, 490 Barracks, arrangement of, 474 basement of, 483, 485 bedding in, 490 building materials of, 477, 483 care of, 492 ceilings of, 485, 532 construction of, 477, 483 distribution of rooms in, 485 floors of, 484, 493 foundations of, 480 furniture of, 489 improvised, 624 in the tropics, 705 lavatory in, 486 orientation of, 474, 475 pavilion system, 474 plaster finish in, 480 portable, Ducker system of, 627 Doecker system of, 627 specifications for. 483 shape and size of, 474 Toilet system of, 474 walls of, 485 windows of, 482 Barthelemy's pack, 460 Basements, requirements of, 479, 483 Bathing and washing, 246 Baths, cold and warm, 252 effects of, 252 shower and tub, 253 Turkish and Russian, 253 Battles, sanitary features of, 745 sanitary precautions before, 744 Battlefield, hygiene of, 744 disposal of the dead on, 748 Beans and peas, 357 Bedbug as disease transmitter, 143 destruction of, 495 Mexican, 144 Bedding, regulation, 490 Bedsack for the field, 490 Bedstead, regulation, 490 Beef, characteristics of good, 322 corned, 335 jerked, 335 measly, 325 Bell trap, 568 Belt, cartridge, 468 Benzin as insecticide, 181 Benzoic acid as preservative, 336 Beriberi, etiology of, 115 part played by rice in, 116 Berkefeld filter, 291 Beverages, alcoholic, 414 proportion of alcohol in, 416 in hot countries, 694 in cold countries, 714 non-alcoholic, 409 Bibliography, 787 Bilge water, 757 Bilharziasis, 106 Bivouacs, 603 Blackwater fever, 72 Blanket, regulation, 468, 490 Blanket-roll, 461 Blood changes in tropics, 689 Boiling, as means of disinfection. 797 Burial of bodies on battlefield, 749 Butter as food, 345 Buttermilk as food, 346 Cabbage as food, 361 Calories, definition of, 363 Camps, care of water-supply in, 632, 678 concentration of troops in, 583 disposal of excreta in, 636 of garbage and refuse in, 666 establishment of, 632 food and eating in, 677 form of, 629 improvements in installation of, 635 laundry and lavatory in, 666 personal hygiene in, 680 plan of infantry, 629 poisonous plants in, 606 animals in, 609 police of, 681 regimental hospital in, 631 sanitation of, regulations for, 684 site of, 603 duration of occupancy, 682 influence of vegetation upon, 606 reasons for changing, 682 soil of, 605 Campaign or service hat, 436 Campho-phenol as insecticide, 179 Candles as illuminants, 559 Canned meat, 333 Canteen and cup, 470 Caps, regulation, 435 for cold regions, 439 knitted, night, 439 Carbohydrates, amount necessary, 365 composition of, 311 in tropics, 403 kinds of, 311 nutritive functions of, 317 Carbolic acid as disinfectant, 738 Carbon bisulphide as insecticide, 181 Carbon dioxid, how produced, 510 as air constituent, 410 as index of air pollution, 526 effects of, 525 in alveolar air, 525 reduction of, in nature, 511 tests for, in air, 526 Carbon monoxid, danger from, 528 in coal gas, 528, 560 in tobacco smoke,. Cocoa, composition of, 412 effects of, 413 Coffee, composition of, 409 effects of, 409 value of, in field, 411 Coindreau strap for shoe, 445 Cold, effects of on body, 713 Cold climates, 712 campaigning in, 712, 716, 746 clothing in, 715 diet in, 713 diseases of, 717 stimulants in, 714 Cold storage, for fish, 337 for meat, 332 for oysters, 338 for poultry, 333 Colors and actinic rays, 697 Combustion, effects on air of, 523 Conduction of heat, 544 Congelation, prevention and treat- ment of, 717 Contact filter for sewage, 584 Contagious diseases, 26 Convection of heat, 544 Cooking, effects of, 328 of meat, modes of, 328 loss in, 330 in the field, 371 in foreign armies, 377 range, for the field, 372 outfit, individual, 372 Copper sulphate as water purifier, 288 Cork paint, on ships, 761 Corn or maize as food, 356 Cot, regulation, folding, 634 Cotton as material for clothing, 424 Cotton khaki, why discarded, 429 Cow pea as food, 357 Cremation of bodies on battlefield, 749, 75i Crematories for garbage and refuse : the rock-pile, for camps, 672 the grate, for garrison, 594 (see Incinerators) Creolin, 738 Cresols as disinfectants, 738 Crowding, effects of, 524, 680 Crustaceans as food, 338 composition of, 339 Culex mosquitoes, 165 Cuspidors in barracks, 494 Cyanid gas, 180 see hydrocyanic acid, 180 Cycloleppteron mosquitoes, 171 Cysticercus bovis, 324 cellulosae, 324 Dakin's solution, 739 Dampness, influence on health, 473, 598 in new buildings, 478 in cellars, 479 on ships, 761 Darnall, filter, 300 water purification by chlorin, 284 Datura or Jimson weed, as insecticide, 178 Deaths in U. S. Army, 4 in U. S. 799 Draft, nature and effects of, 543 Drain in house plumbing, 565 trapping of, 567 Drawers, regulation, 433 Dress coat, uniform, 428 Dress trousers, uniform, 428 Drinking cup, 251 Drinks, see Beverages Dry heat as disinfectant, 720 Dugout as winter quarters, 625 Dust, atmospheric, 517 microbial, 521 in air contamination, 520 in relation to heating, 554 Dysentery, etiology of, 45 types of, 46 prophylaxis of, 49 Ear, hygiene of, 248 protection of, 755 Earth, absorbent power of, 602 Earth-closet, 656 earth to be used in, 656 Eating and drinking, rules in, 406 Eggs as food, 347 Electricity as illuminant, 562 Emergency ration, 389 of the British army, 394 of foreign armies, 395 Entamoeba coli, 47 histolytica, 47 tetragena, 47 Entamebic dysentery, 47 Equipment, requirements of, 453 distribution of, on body, 455 weight of, 453 U. S. Army, 461 composition and weight of, 462 for cavalry, 471 for hospital corps, 471 Equitation as exercise, 226 Examination of applicants, 193 Excavating wagon for excreta, 655 Excreta, amount discharged, 564 as cause of infection, 636 composition of, 564 danger from, 636 disposal of, in camp, 636 by earth-closet, 656 by incineration, 658 by post holes, 653 •by sink, 640 by sub-surface irrigation, 591 by trenches, 637 nature of, 564 Exercise, object of, 201 effect of, on heart, 210 on height, 216 on lungs, 212 on muscles, 209 on skin, 215 on temperature, 202 on weight, 216 fatigue from, 207 forms of, 206 in the tropics, 688, 708 in cold countries, 713 lactic acid in, 203 overtraining in, 219 physiology of, 201 regulation of, 218 Exercises, special military, 225 the setting-up, 225 Extractives in meat, 310 Falk's winter quarters, 624 Fatigue, nature of, 207 Fatigue suit, canvas, 430 Fats, amount necessary, 365 composition of, 311 digestibility of, 322 nutritive functions of, 316 reduction of, in tropics, 402 Feet, care of, 242, 249 deformity of, from shoes, 442 Fencing as exercise, 226 Ferrous sulphate as disinfectant, 740 Field baking, 375 cooking, 371 kitchen, 677 lavatory, 666 mess-shelter, 678 ovens, 375 range, 372 Field hospital, 632 Filariasis, 105 Filters, water, Berkefeld, 291 Cincinnatus, 292 Darnall, 300 double-barrel, 305 granular, 304 improvised, 305 Japanese, 303 Jewell, gravity, 297 mechanical, 297 Pasteur-Chamberland, 291 pressure, 298 rain water, 258 sand-bed, 294 Filtration of water, sand-bed, 293 mechanical, 297 air-wash system, 298 rake system, 298 nature of, 290 of sewage, 581 8oo INDEX. 801 trap, 569 Green vegetables, 361 Griffith water-sterilizer, 279 Grippe or influenza, 96 Ground air, 598 moisture, 598 temperature, 599 water, 605 Ground, danger of sleeping on, 635 Guarana as beverage, 413 Guard-house, care of, 493 Gymnasium, hygiene of, 227 Gymnastic exercises, 221 Hallux valgus, 443 Hair, care of, 247, 248 Hands, washing of, 256, 742 Hard bread, 355 Hat, campaign or service, 436 Havelock, of helmet, 435 Haversack, 465 Head covering, 433 in cold countries, 717 Hearing, examination of, 197, 755 Heart, diseases of, 120 effect of exercise on, 210 effect of overstrain on, 220 examination of, 198 irritability of, 244 Heat, as disinfectant, 720 loss of, from body, 364 effects of dry, 545 moist, 688 effects of, on air dust, 554 of flame, 559 transmission of, 544 Heat-exhaustion, 704 Heat-stroke, 703 Heating, by hot-air furnace, 549 by hot water, 550 by open fire or grate, 546 by steam, 551 by stoves, 547 coils, location of, 552 systems of, 553 direct system of, 553 direct-indirect system of, 553 drying of air from, 545 indirect system of, 553 of ships, 760, 761 use of, in ventilation, 546 Height, regulation, for soldiers, 187 Helmet, as head covering, 435 Hematuric fever, 72 Hemoglobinuric fever, 72 Henneberg, trinkwasser wagon, 278 Heroin, 139 Hila monster, 612 Hookworm, 108 old world, 108 new world, 109 Horse meat, 322 Hospital, air space required in, 532 construction and disposition of, 498 floors and walls of, 500, 502 field, 632 general, 503 temporary, 505 pavilions of, 506 regimental, 631 standard post, 498 brigade, 502, 503 in tropics, 503 Hospital ship, 770 Hospital tropical tent, 620 ward tent, 622 Hot air, heating by, 549 Hot water, heating by, 550 Humidifiers, 546 Humidity of air, 513 effect of, on body, 513 effect of, in cold weather, 514 effect of, in hot weather, 514 indoor, 545 of ships, 760 Humus, nature of, 597 Huts, log, 624 excavated or dugouts, 625 Hydric trap, 572 Hydrocarbons or fats, 311, 322, 402 functions of, 316 Hydrocyanic acid as insecticide, 180 in disinfection of ships, 766 Hydrophobia, 99 Hygiene, nature and scope of, XV military, scope and aims of, XVIII of battlefield, 744 of toilet rooms, 576 Hygroscopicity of fabrics, 421 Hymenolepis nana, 106 Ice, ration of, 386 Ice-cream, 344 Identification record, 200 tag, 462, 749 Illuminants, 559 relative cost of, 563 vitiation of air by, 559 Immunity, nature and kinds of, 28 Imhoff tank, 582 Incineration of excreta, 658 of garbage and refuse. the Harris, 661 the Jones, 660 the Lewis and Kitchen, 665 the McCall, 658 the Q. M. Corps, 663 Incinerators for garbage and refuse, 668 the Caldwell, 672 company or kitchen, 668 the Guthrie, 671 rock-pile, 672 railroad-iron, 675 Infection, production of, 26 Infectious diseases, 23, 680 marked decrease of, 12 Infirmary, 631 Influenza, 96 Inlets, fresh air, 541 Insects as disease-transmitters, 143 in barracks, 494 Insecticides, 178 Insolation, 702 Inspection, physical, 127 in the Navy, 764 Interaction of food and work, 407 Intercepting trap, 568 Intestinal flora, how affected by diet, 369 Intestinal parasites, 106 Iodine as water purifier, 283 Irrigation in sewage disposal, 581 Irritable heart, 244 Itch or scabies, 112 camp, 112 dhobie, 112 Japanese field cooking stove, 378 pocket stove, 717 filter, 303 Jerusalem artichoke as food, 359 Jigger or sand flea, 146 Kala-azar, 103 Kephir as food, 346 Kidneys, overstrain of, 206, 221, 368 Kit, surplus, 465 field, 465 Kitchen, care of, 495 ambulant, 378 field, 677 improvised, in camp, 371 Kitchen pit, for liquid wastes, 667 Knapsack, 457 Kola nut, as stimulant, 413 Koumiss, 346 Lactic acid in muscle and blood, 203 action of, 204 Latrines, in camp, 631, 636 danger from, 636 disinfection of, 648 earth-closet, 656 firing of, 649 pit (see Sinks), 640 police of, 648 post-hole, 653 sanitary trough, 653 spraying of, 650 trench, 637 Latrine box, 643 the Havard, 643 the Lyster, 645 the standard, 645 the Straub, 645 Laundry in garrison, 254 in field, 666 Lavatory in garrison, 250 in field, 666 Leggins, uniform, 450 Leishmaniasis, 103 Lentils as food, 357 Leprosy, 102 quarantine regulations in, 780 Lice as disease transmitters, 144 destruction of, 145 species of, 144 Light and lighting, 557 effects of, 557 location of, 558 Lime as disinfectant, 739 bisulphide as insecticide, 181 chloride (chlorinated), 283 as disinfectant. 738 as water purifier, 283 as sewage sterilizer, 586 in treatment of wounds, 739 hypochlorite, 283 milk of, 739 Liquid wastes, disposal of, 668, 670, 671 Liver, abscess of, 49 effect of food excess on, 401, 693 effect of alcohol on, 416 Lizards, as poisonous animals, 612 Lockers for squad-rooms, 490 Lockjaw or tetanus, 97 Log huts, 624 Luminosity in flame, 559 Lysol, 738 Maize as food, 356 Malarial fevers, etiology of, 64 human cycle of parasites in, 65 mosquito cycle of parasites in, 67 parasites of, 64 INDEX. 8o3 prevalence of, 63 prophylaxis of, 67, 71 Malta fever, 80 Manchineel as poisonous plant, 608 Mansonia mosquitoes, 167 Manual of arms as exercise, 225 Manure, treatment of, 154, 674 March, forced, 234 general remarks, 233 rate and length of, 237 regulation of, 237 water drinking on the, 239 Marching, flexion step in, 235 in the tropics, 708 steps used in, 234 work done in, 244 Marine hygiene, 752 Marshes near camps, 604 Mate as beverage, 413 Mattress, regulation, 490 Measles, 94 German, 95 Meat, roasting or baking of, 329 boiling of, 329 broiling of, 329 canning of, 333 characteristics of good, 322 composition of, 319 constituents of, 318 cooking of, 328 desiccation of, 335 digestibility of, 321 extracts, 331 extractives, 318 frying of, 330 loss by cooking, 330 parasites of, 324 poisoning by, 327 preservation of, 331 refrigeration of, 332 salting of, 335 stewing of, 330 Meat-can, 465 Medical officer, status of, XIX duties and responsibilities of, XX Meningitis, cerebro-spinal, 00 Mercury, bichloride of, as disinfect- ant, 736 as insecticide, 181 Merriam pack, 459 Mees, company and general, 486 Mess kit, individual, 462 Mess-room, care of, 495 Mess shelter, for camps, 678 Methylic alcohol, 417 Meyer line in foot, 442 Micro-organisms in air, 521, 522 Milk, as medium for bacteria, 3-40 composition of, 340 diseases transmitted by, 341 dried or powdered, 344 examination of, 343 lactic bacilli in, 342 pasteurization of, 344 sterilization of, 343 toxic substances in, 341 Milk of lime as disinfectant, 739 Mites as disease transmitters, 141 Mittens, regulation, 439 Modern warfare, 745 prominent features in, 745 Moisture in heated air, 545 in walls of new building, 478, 479 in soil, 598 Mollusks as food, 337 composition of, 339 Morbidity and mortality in military service, I in the Navy, 4 in time of peace, 3 in tropical countries, 15 in war, 6 Morphine habit, 138 Mortality, decrease of, XVI from disease and wounds com- pared, 8 in U. S. Army, 4 in U. S. 805 Preservatives, food, 336 Prismatic glass in windows, 559 Privy (see Latrines) the L. R. S. sanitary, 591 Proteins, amount necessary, 365, 370 bacterial decomposition of, 315 composition and nature of, 308 danger of excess of, 368 digestibility of, 321 experiments regarding, 367 kinds of, 307 nutritive functions of, 314 reduction of, reasons for, 368 in the tropics, 402, 693 Protozoa, 24 Proximate principles of food, 306 Psilosis or sprue, 50 Ptomains, 327 Pulses as food, 357 Purin bodies, 309 Puttees, 450 Pyrethrum as insecticide, 178 Pyrofume as insecticide, 179 Quarantine, definition and object, 774 interstate, 780 maritime, 775 municipal, 782 camp of detention in, 781 sanitary cordon in, 781 Quarantinable diseases, 774 special regulations for, 776-780 (see Sanitary convention) Rabies or hydrophobia, 99 Race, influence of, 18 Radiation of heat, 544 from body and clothing, 364, 422 Radiation, solar, 517, 695 Radiators, location of, 552 Range, cooking, for field, 372 Ratio of killed to wounded, 14 Ration, Army, 383 conclusions regarding the, 396 emergency, 389 field, 388 Filipino, 388 garrison, 383 composition of components, 3io value in calories, 384 in foreign armies, 391 British army, 393 Chinese army, 398 French army, 391 German army, 393 Japanese army, 394 Russian army, 394 in the tropics, 400 conditions affecting, 400 reserve (haversack), 387 savings of, how expended, 398 trail, 390 travel, 386 U. S. 8o; Steam disinfecting apparatus, 724 Steam, heating by, 551 Stegomyia mosquitoes, 166 Step, the flexion, 235 Steps, cadence and length of, 234 Sterilization, definition of, 719 Stomoxys calcitrans, 156 Stove, heating by, 547 ventilation by, 547 Russian, 548 Japanese, 717 Straddle trench, 637 cover for, 639 Streptococcus fecalis, 14 Strongyloides stercoralis, 106 Sub-surface irrigation, 591 Sugar, cane, or saccharose, 312 grape, or glucose, 311 maltose, 311 milk, or lactose, 312 on the march, 240 value as food, 317 Sulphur dioxid, as disinfectant, 728 as insecticide, 179 as preservative, 335 method of generating, 728 Sunlight, as disinfectant, 719 in the tropics, 695 Sunning of bedding, 720 Sunstroke, cause and effects of, 702 Surplus kit, 465 Suspenders, for soldiers, 426 Sweater, regulation, 431 Sweet potatoes as food, 360 Swimming as exercise, 227, 763 Swimming pool, hygiene of, 228 Symptomatic anthrax, 101 Syphilis, cause of, 122 diagnosis of, 125 prophylaxis of, 126 statistics of, 123 from tattooing, 764 Tag, identification, 462, 749 Taenia saginata, 324 solium, 324 Tannier as food, 360 Taro as food, 360 Tattooing, danger from, 764 Tea, composition of, 410 preparation of, 410 value of, in the field, 411 Teeth, care of, 247 Tempelhof hospital, Berlin. 507 Temperature, of body, in tropics, 690 of air, indoor, 545 variations of, 686 of ships, 760 Tents, common, 616 conical, 617 cooling of, 707 ditching of, 633 flooring of, 615 general considerations, 614 Herbet, 623 hospital, tropical, 620 hospital ward, 622 pyramidal, 620 shelter, 615 shifting of, in camp, 682 spacing of, 629 storage, 623 Toilet, 623 tortoise, 623 ventilation of, 614 wall, large, 616 small, 617 Terrazo floors, 481 Tetanus or lockjaw, 97 Textile fibers, 419 Three-day fever, 81 Ticks as disease transmitters, 141 species of, 142 Tinea circinata or ringworm, 112 imbricata or tropical ringworm, 112 Tirotoxicon, 341 Tobacco, use and effects of, 133 composition of, 133 Toilet of the soldier, 247 Toilet paper, in camps, 648 Toilet room, hygiene of, 576 Toilet pavilion, 474 Tomatoes as food, 361 Tonsillitis, 4, 555 Tooth-powders, 248 Toxins, 27 Training, physical, 221 for officers, 224 Training stations in Navy, 755 Transports, bunks on, 757 space on, 756 ventilation of, 757 Traps, back-pressure in, 570 anti-siphon, 572 common forms of, 567 depth of seal in, 567 grease, 569 loss of seal in, 569 non-siphoning, 571 object of, 567 sanitas, 571 siphonage of, 569 venting of, 570 Travel ration, 386 Trench foot, 121, 747 8o8 INDEX. Trench hygiene, 746 Trenches as straddle sinks, 637 Treponema (or spirochsete), 24 pallidum of syphilis, 122 pertenue of yaws, 103 Trichina spiralis, 325 Trichuris trichiura or whipworm, 106 Tricresol as disinfectant, 738 Tropical diseases, 15, 710 Tropical sore, 103 Tropics, barracks in, 705 cooling of, 706 beverages in, 694 blonds and brunettes in, 701 care of bowels in, 709 chilling of body in, 708 climatic features of, 687 clothing in, 704 diet for the, 402 effects of proteid diet in, 402 exercise in, 688, 708 fats in, 402 food in, 693 danger of excess of, 693 glare in, 557, 702 head-gear in, 704 heat dissipation in, 687 influence of, on blood, 689 on nervous 'system, 691 on pulse, 690 on respiration, 689 on body temperature, 690 on weight, 691 length of service in, 692 marching in, 708 rarefaction of air in, 690 skin pigmentation in, 700 tents in, 707 ventilation of barracks in, 705 water cooling in, 706 Trough latrine, 653 advantages and objections, 655 Trousers, uniform, 428, 451 Trypanosomiasis, 104 Tse-tse fly, 104, 156 Tuberculosis, cause of, 56 in cattle, 326 mode of infection in, 57 prevalence of, 54 prophylaxis of, 58 sanatorium treatment of, 59 Tubers as food, 358 Typhoid bacillus, 30 in feces and urine, 31 transmission of, 32 by flies, 34 by contact, 33 by clothing and tentage, 33 by water, 34 Typhoid fever, in the Army, 29 prophylaxis of, 38 statistics of, 36 susceptibility to, 37 vaccination against, 39 Typho-malarial fever, 30 Typhus fever, 81 etiology of, 82 former prevalence of, II quarantine regulations in, 779 Ultra-violet or actinic rays, 695 in water purification, 282 in illumination, 558 Underclothing, requirements of, 423 materials used for, 423 orange-red, 697 regulation, 433 Undershirts, regulation, 433 Uniform, requirements of, 426 color of the, 426 Uniforms in U. S. 809 downward system, 540 upward system, 540 effect of chimneys on, 539 effect of heat on, 534 effect of stoves on, 539 inlets for, 541 position and size of, 541 natural, 534 devices to promote, 537 forces governing, 534 on board ships, 756 outlets for, 541 position and size, 541 ridge, 539 Ventilators, kinds of, 538 Venting of traps, 570 Vermin in barracks 494 Vision requirements, in Army, 195 in Navy, 775 Vitality, effect of service on, 747 Volunteers, losses by disease in, 182 Wainscoting in barrack?, 490 Walls, dampness of, 478, 479 permeability of, 477, 536 plastering and finishing of, 480, 485 thickness of, 477 Waring system of disposal, 591 Warm climates, 686 (see Tropics) Wastes, disposal of, 593, 667 Waste-pipes in house plumbing, 565 Water, ammonia' in, 267 bacterial indicators in, 272 bacterial examination of, 270 chemical examination of, 264 chlorine in, 267 distilled, 280 drinking of, on the march, 239 at meal, 406 in the tropics, 694 evaporation of, to cool air, 706 external qualities of, 263 hardness in, 265 lake, 260. metals in. 266 microscopic examination, 270 nitrates in, 269 nitrites in, 268 organic matter in. 266 pathogenic organisms in, 271 purification of, 273 by chemical means, 281 by cold, 280 by filtration, 290 by heat, 273 by sunlight, 260, 720 quantity of, required, 257 rain, 258 river, 259 self-purification of, 259 spring, 260 sterilizers, objections to, 279 the Forbes, 274 the Griffith, 279 wagon, on the march, 241 wheeled-sterilizers, 277 Water bag, sterilizer, 286 Water-closets, fixtures, 572 hopper, 574 requirements of; 572 short-hopper, 574 siphon-jet, 574 wash-down, 574 wash-out, 574 Water-gas, as illuminant, 559 Waterproofing of clothing, 432 of shoes, 448 Water-supply, in camps, 632, 6/8 on board ships, 765 Water-wagons ,241, 277 Weight, as affected by exercise, 216 for applicants, 188 in relation to height, 189 loss of, in the tropics, 691 Wells, construction of, 261 location of, 262 pollution of, 261 tubular, 263 Welsbach gas-burner, 560 Wheat, 351 flour of. 352 Wheeled kitchen, 378 Wheeled water-sterilizers, 277 White duck suit, 430 Windows, construction of, 482 double, 483 French, 482 ventilating panels in, 537 Wood alcohol. 417 Woodvork, disinfection of, 741 Wool fiber, 419 Woolen fabrics, advantages of, 423 objections to, 424 Wounds by modern projectiles, 13 infection of, 14 character of, 14 Yam as food, 360 Yaws, 103 Yellow fever. 