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excommunication for, 102-103 history, 92-108 INDEX 2iS Conspiracy (contd.) Abuse of procedure (contd.) criminal (contd.) mainpernable, not, 102 pardon of, 105 sheriffs. See Sheriff Star Chamber. See Star Cham- ber villainous judgment. See Vil- lainous judgment de Conspiratoribus Ordinatio (21 Ed. I), 26, 34, 44ra., 94, 95, 116, 162, 167 definition, 1, 30, 33, 51, 52, 59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 67, 99 Ordinacio de Conspiratoribus (33 Ed. I), 1, 2, 24, 27n., 31, 33, 34, 40, 44ra., 66, 67, 81, 83, 93, 95, 99, 140, 145, 149, 204 Ordinance of, 13 11, 7 Statute of Conspirators (?2i Ed. I), 14,22,24,28,30,31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 60, 64, 66, 81, 93, 94-95, 99, 146 Writ of conspiracy, 29-91 appeals, 13 civil proceedings, for, 55-59 classification of, 37-39 Common Law, at? 29-37 compromise, 89 criminal charges, for, 52-54 death of conspirator, 63 death of plaintiff, 88-89 decay of, 118-119 defences to advice, 51, 80 bailiff, 80 cousin, 73 n., 77 hundredor, 78 n. indictor, 67-70 judges, 78-80 jurors, 69, 70-71 kinship, 73 n., 77 officials, 80-81 rumour, 73 n., 77 servant, 73m., 77 steward, 80 witnesses, 71-78 essentials of liability, 59-87 acquittal, 83-87 combination, 59-65 falsity, 66-81 malice, 66-81 procurement, 81-83 malicious proceedings generally, for, 57 origin, 29-37 place of, 65 procedure, 89-91 Conspiracy (contd.) Abuse of procedure (contd.) Writ of conspiracy (contd.) scope, 39-59 Statute of Consp., 38 treason, charge of, 58-59 trespass, writ of, 92 wife, against. See Wife woman, against, 88 Generally, 37, 53, 93, 109-117 abduct, to, 3 accuse falsely, to, 115 allegiance, against, 111 cheat, to, 114, 115 embracery, for, 114, 115 extort, to, 109, 115 forge, to, 111 government, against, 116 injure, to, 117 justice, against, 172, 175 object, not unlawful, 116 ostracize, to, 109 pervert justice, to, 116 public, against, 115 public morals, against, 116 public safety, against, 116 religion, against, 111 revenue, against, 109, 114 Staples, against, 109 trade, against, 3, 111-112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 treason, for, 110 Constables, 103 Consuetudo, 33 n. Contempt of court, 174-175, 211, 212 counsel, by, 175' juror, by, 176, 177, 182 sqq. Conveyancer, barratry, 209 Coroners, 103 Council champerty by, 144-145 corruption of, 165-166 Counsel contempt by, 175 embracery, 161, 172 juror, as, 189 maintenance, 137, 146 Crime, and tort, 92-93 Criminal procedure, and civil, 92-93 Crown, pleas of, 92 De Ferrers, 155ra. Death of plaintiff in conspiracy, '88-89 Deceit, 33, 35, 53, 54, 57, 58, 63, 105, 119, 122, 200 Deceners, 75, 95«. Decies tantum, 131, 164, 165, 167, 168, 170, 172 Deciners, 95m., 75 2l6 INDEX Despenser, le, 104, 105 Diffinitio de Conspiratoribus (33 Ed. I). See Conspiracy, sub- heading "Ordinacio de Con- spiratoribus " Doomsman, false, 4 Edgar, Laws of, 4 Edward II, feeble rule of, 102-103, 110 Edward IV, stormy reign of, 156 Embracery, 26, 156, 157, 158, 161- 175, 185, 204w. acts not, 172 attorney. See Attorney barons, by, 165-166 Common Law offence? 167-168 complete, when, 170-172 conspiracy, for, 114 definition, 161 derivation, 161 re. indictment, 170, 174 kinsman, 172 lawyer, 172. See Attorney maintenance distinguished, 168 species of, 167, 174 manutenentia curialis, 135 modes of, 169-170 obsolete, 161 punishment, 162 sqq., 174 servant, 172 Star Chamber, 166 statutes as to, 162 sqq. See also Con- tempt Empson, 197 Essoin, 6 Evidence, sworn, origin of, 71 Exceptio, 16, 17 Excommunication conspirators, of, 102-103 maintainers, of, 102-103 Exigent, 41, 103, 106 Eyre, Articles of, 93, 95, 144 Felony, false indictment of, 53 Feme covert. See Wife Fictitious plaintiff, 211-212 Fitzherbert Abridgement MSS. of, 53re. reports, like, 62w. appeals, 42, 48-51 champerty, 153 conspiracy, 42, 48-51, 83, 119 embracery, 169, 170 Fleta champerty, 141 writs, judicial, 39 13 Ed. I c. 12, 7 Forgery, and conspiracy, 56, 82 Fornication, false charge of, 155 Fortescue, villainous judgment, 99 Frivolous arrests, etc., 211, 212re. Glanvill conspiracy, 93 maintenance, 140 Grenville Act, 1770, 133-134 Hale autrefois acquit, 51 re. conspiracy, 117 de odio, writ, 21, 22 jurors, 198 Flawkins confederacy, 98 conspiracy, 40, 84, 117 contempts, 176 de odio, writ, 19 embracery, 171 jurors, 176 trafficking in titles, 159-160 13 Ed. I c. 12,7,9 Henry VI, feeble rule of, 107, 156 Hoketours, 203 Hundredor, 68, 78re., 103 Impeachment, 105 Indictment appeal, less grave than, 46 false, 4, 13-15, 52, 53, 60 Indictor defence to conspiracy, 67-70, 81-82, 105re. Infant false appeal by, 52, 60 Inlawry, 30 Inquest false, 100, 104, 105 of office, 68, 199 John, writ de odio, 19 Judges abuse of procedure by, 104 champerty by, 144-145 conspiracy by, 154 conspiracy, defence to, 78-80 corruption of, 151-152, 165 maintenance by, 154 offences of, 143, 145 Judicatores, 70 Jurata, 194 Jurors. See also Attaint, Decies tantwn, Embracery affidavit, 192-193 attaint. See Attaint barristers, as, 189 canvassing, 191-192 INDEX 217 Jurors (contd.) challenge, 178 conspiracy, 61, 69, 70-71, 108 conspirators excluded, 100 entertainment, 182 evidence to, 184-189 expenses, 172-174 fire, 184 illness, 180, 184 indecision of, 189-190, 196 knowledge, 188-189 maintenance, 137 misconduct, 175-199 absence, 176-177, 178-180, 184, 187 affidavit of, 192-193 bias, 190-193 bribery, 175-176 casting lots, 189-190, 192 conspiracy, 69, 70-71 contempt, a, 176, 177, 178-180, 182 sqq. corruption, 7, 14, 15, 107 default, 176-177 departure, 178-180, 184, 187 drinking, 181-184 eating, 181-184 entertainment, 182 evidence, as to, 192, 193 evidence, reception of, 184-189 false presentment, 14 imposing on Court, 189-190 indecision, 189-190, 196 maintenance, 137 oath, false, 193 perjury, 99 personation of, 193 physic, 184 proof of, 192-193 refreshment, 181-184 refusal to be sworn, 177-178 to give verdict, 180-181 separation, 179-180 smoking, 179 talking with, 179, 186-188 treating, 183-184 verdict, after, 193 false, 193-199 improper, 176, 189-190, 192 perverse, 197-199 punishment for, 195-199 refusal to give, 180-181 personation of, 193 physic, 184 procurers of, 95 punishment for verdict, 195-199 refreshment, 173, 174, 178, 179, 181-184 Jurors (contd.) separation, 179-180, 184, 187 special, 173 talking with, 186-188 threats against, 174-175 verdict. See Verdict (also "miscon- duct" supra) witness, as, 71, 172, 188-189, 195 Jury, trial by writ de odio, 17 sqq. Justices of Peace conspiracy defence to, 78-80 guilty of, 154 to check, 103 special sessions for livery, etc., 158 unprincipled, 107 Kelyng, 198 Kinship appeals, in false, 12 defence to conspiracy, 73ra., 77 embracery, 172 maintenance, 134, 148 Lancashire, false charges in, 106 Lawyers defence to champerty, 148 conspiracy, etc. See Advice embracery, 172 maintenance, 148 retainer allowed, 158 Legal advice. See Advice Leges Henrici Primi, 4 Leicester, Earl of, 166 Lex, 33 Lilleshall, Abbot of, 4 Lincolnshire, conspiracies in, 95n. Livery, 1, 52, 60, 140, 156-157, 158, 161 London, complaints of citizens of, 27, 94 Magna Carta, 20 Maintenance, 65re., 90n., 100ra., 103, 104, 131-160 aiding malefactors, 134, 155n. apprentice. See Apprentice attorney. See Attorney bailiffs, 52, 60 barratry, 200, 202, 204, 206 civil remedy, 151 clergy, 154—155 combination for, 113 Common Law, at? 138-150 commonest, when, 161 Commons, complaint of, 140 2l8 INDEX Maintenance (contd.) complaint of, 165 confederacy, 97 conspiracy, 95, 146 Council, by, 154 counsel. See Counsel criminal proceedings, of, 136 curialis, 131, 135-136, 167 De Conspiratoribus Ordinatio, 26 definition, 131, 136 election petition, 133-134 embracery, 162, 167, 168, 169, 174 Exchequer officials, 154«. excommunication for, 102-103 fictitious plaintiff, 212 general, 131, 136-138 heretics, of, 134 history, 131-160 judges. See Judges jurors. See Jurors justices. See Justices of Peace kin, of, 134, 148 King, by, 154 legal advice, 148 livery, 156-157 lords, 151-152 meaning, 135, 140, 144ft. Middlesex, in, 155 neighbours, 148 Northumberland, in, 155 officials. See Officials Ordinance of Conspirators, 60 origin, 138-150 pardon of, 105 pending plea, of, 133 pleaders. See Pleaders rebels, of, 134 remedies failure of, 154-157 temp. Ed. I, 150 temp. Rich. II, 150-154 ruralis, 131, 132-135, 150 special, 131, 136-138 Statute of Conspirators, 22, 23, 24, 25,40,51,52 statutes of, 142 sqq. stewards. See Stewards tenants, 134 term of pleading, 135 Malice in appeals, 9, 10 in conspiracy, 66 Malicious prosecution, 118, 208. See also Case Manutenentia, 131 curialis, 135-136, 167 ruralis, 132-135, 150 Married woman. See Wife Ministers. See Officers Mirrour, The conspiracy, 29, 30, 94 de od.io, writ, 19 false appeals, 7 Misconduct of jurors. See Jurors Misdemeanour false indictments of, 53, 54 n. New trial, 173, 179, 180, 182 sqq. Norfolk, champerty in, 155 Northumberland maintenance in, 155 Nul tiel record, 90 Odio et atia, writ de, 15-22 Officials, royal abuse of procedure, 99 champerty, 24-25, 144-145, 147 conspiracy, defence to, 80—81 maintenance, 24-25, 132, 142-146 offences of, 151-153 Officina brevium, 36, 39 Outlawry, 30, 106 Palgrave, 99n., 104n. Pardon, of conspirators, etc., 105 Perjury, 212 Perrers, Alice, 155 Place, of conspiracy, 89-90 Pleaders, 22 champerty, 148 maintenance, 146 Pleas appeals, to, 16 Common, 92 Crown, of the, 92 meaning, 41 Presentment, 13n., 14 Procedure civil and criminal, 92-93 conspiracy, in writ of, 89-91 Procurement conspiracy, in writ of, 81-83 Prosecutions, repeated, 207-208 Provers, 6, 7 "Quarrels," 40, 51, 103, 143, 200, 202 Quia multi per malitiam, Statute, 6 Querelae, 40 Registrum Brevium, 29 n., 34 champerty, 141 n., 141-142, 144 conspiracy, 31 sqq., 66, 81, 82 decies tantum, 164n. maintenance, 152-154 organic nature of, 35 Richard II, feeble rule of, 165 Rokell, John, 165». Roman Law, 93, 156 INDEX 219 Romney, complaint of men of, 102 Rothell, 155n. Rowbery, Gilbert, 23, 25, 26 Rumour, defence to conspiracy, 73n., 77 Scots law, 201 Servant defence to conspiracy, 73 n., 77 embracery, 172 livery of, 158 Sheriffs abuses by, 143, 144, 154 appeals, false, by, 6 approvers, and, 7 barratry, 202, 203 conspiracy, 79, 80, 103 corruption of, 15 duty of, 104 Smith, Sir Thomas, 197 Solicitor. See Attorney Stanford appeals, 7, 9, 10, 47, 50, 51 conspiracy, 40, 41, 42, 50, 51, 60n., 66,83 Staples, 98 Star Chamber champerty, suppressed by, 157-158 conspiracy, 67n., 88-89 punishable in, 59 »»., 101-102, 107-108 suppressed by, 112-115 embracery, 166, 169, 172 jurors punished by, 71, 195, 197- 198 maintenance suppressed by, 157- 158 misdeeds in, 157 Stewards barratry, 202 conspiracy, 80 maintenance, 52, 60, 143 offences of, 144, 146 Subpoena, 118 Suffolk, champerty in, 155 Talesman, 176-177 Thornton, Gilbert de, 23, 25, 146 Tipstaffs, 183 Tort, and crime, 92-93 Trade conspiracy against, 111-112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 dispute, 3 Treason conspiracy to commit, 58-59, 110 Treasurer champerty by, 144-145 Trespass false indictment for, 53 on case, 54 writ of, 36, 53, 58, 92, 119 Tudors check abuse of procedure, 158 Venire de novo, 193 Verdict. See also Attaint, Jurors casting lots for, 190, 192 false, 193-199 hedging, 189-190 improper, 189-190, 192 new trial, 173 privy, 183 setting aside, 173, 182, 183, 184, 185, 193 Vexatious litigation, 207-208 Vicar, conspiracy by, 118re. Viewer, 174, 177 Villainous judgment, 41n., 99-102 Wat Tyler, 155 Wife barratry, 209 conspiracy, 64, 88 Witnesses conspiracy, defence to, 71-78 jurors, how far, 71 Women, conspiracy against, 88 Writs abetment of appeal, 43 ad audiendum, 20 audita querela, 33n. capias ad respondendum, 106 champerty. See Champerty classification of, 57-58 conspiracy. See Conspiracy de imprisonamento, 58 n. de odio et atia, 15 sqq. de vita et membris, 21 decies tantum. See Decies tantum habeas corpus, 16, 20, 198 inlawry, 30 judicial, 38-39, 148 magistralia, 39 original, 38-39, 148 quare impedit, 57 right, of, 146 scire facias, 55, 82 subpoena, 118 trespass. See Trespass Wymer, 3 Year Books See Table of Year Book Cases, xxiii Ashe's Promptuary, 52 n. Indices, bad, 52«. 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