None
Fluid blood for Widal test, 386 media, 92, 93 Fomites, 166 in yellow fever, 633 Foods, preservation of, 714-716 ensilage, 716 enzymes in, 714 fermentation, bacterial, 715 alcoholic, in wineg and beers, 715 Foods, preservation of, fermentation, bacterial, diastase, 715 saccharomyes, 715 "wild yeasts," 715 plants, bacterial diseases of, 716 processes in, 714 sauerktaut, 715 tobacco, curing of, 716 vinegar making, 715-716 mycoderma, 715 wines and beers, diseases of, 715 Foot and mouth disease, 535 Formaldehyde gas, 735. See under Dis- infection. Formalin, 732 as fixative for tissues, 86 Fractional steriUzation, 110 Frambesia tropica, 567 relation of, to syphilis, 567 Tr. pertenue in, 567 "Free" complement, 245, 252 Fungi imperfecti, 28, 283, 277 relation of, to, anaphylaxis, 240 Fiirbringer's method for disinfecting hands, 740 Furfur microsporon, 282. See Moulds. Furious rabies, 622 G Galziekte, trypanosoma, 548 Gas, formation of, 65 gangrene, serum treatment of, 671 dosage of, 671 injection in, mode of, 671 procedure in, 671-672 recommendations from French as to, 672 thorough surgical, 672 specificity of, 672 time of application of, 672 Gelatin, 93, 115, 327, 341, 370, 378, 379 in cultivation of Bacillus coU, 370 diphtheria, 341 maUei, 478 typhosus, 379 Micrococcus catarrhahs, 327 in sohd media, 93, 115. See Media, culture, 92-132. Genera, 24 Gentian-violet'-egg for inhibiting growth, 129. See Media, culture, 92-132. Germ carriers, 167 Giemsa's stain, 83. See under Stains, 85-87. for amebse, 586 for spirochetes, 84 Glanders. See Bacillus mallei, 445-454. Glassware, 89 cleaning of, 89 neutralization of, 89 plugging of, 90 steriEzation of, 91 GlobuMn, 183. See Antitoxin, 180-184. 766 INDEX Globulin solution, 667-668. See Diph- theria antitoxin, 663-668. Glycerin egg mediiun (Lubenau), 119. See Media, culture, 92-132. potato medium, 119. See Media, culture, 92-132. Goldhom's stain, 78. See Stains, 75-87. for spirochetes, 84 Gonococcus, 328-334 agglutination of, 332 anaphylaxis, relation to, 240 antigen for, 273 bacteria resembHng, 334 biology of, 330 colonies of, appearance of, 330 complement fixation of, 260, 332 complications with, 332 in conjunctiva, 329 contagious period of, duration of, 332 diagnosis of, bacteriological, 322 differential, 332-333 disease conditions excited by, 331 in endocarditis, 332 immunity to, 332 infections, duration of, 332 intracellular, 328 involution forms of, 329 media, culture, 330 microscopic appearance of, 328 occurrence of, 331 pathogenesis of, 331 procedure to obtain, 333 in chronic urethritis, 333 in vulvovaginitis, 333 pure culture, first obtained in, 328 resistance of, 330 serum in, use of, 332 in septicemia, 332 staining of, 329-330 surface streak culture of, 330 in trachoma, 329 vaccine in, use of, 332 viability of, 330 Gonorrhea, 328-334. See Gonococcus. Goodpasture's stain for tissues, 87 Gram stain, 79, 153-156 Gram amphophile organisms, 155 negative organisms, 154 positive organisms, 155 NicoUe's modification of, 79 using and interpreting, 154 Ground squirrel as disseminator of bu- bonic plague, 472 Group agglutinins. See Agglutinins, 185- 188. precipitins. See Precipitins, 205-209. Groups in pneumonia, 316 Growth of bacteria, 37, 60 Gruber-Widal reaction. See Widal reac- tion, 196-207. H Hafpkine's vaccine, 648 Halteridium, 602 Hanging block, 73 drop, 72 mass, 73 Hansen's method for yeasts, 134 Haptophore, 173 Hardening of tissues, 86 Hay bacillus, 710 Head spores, 41 Heat disinfection, 732 Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin stain, 86 Hemagglutinins, 204 Hemameba, 591. See Malaria. falciparum (estivo-autumnal fever), 592 malariae (quartan fever), 592 vivax (tertian fever), 592 Hemamenas precox, 592 Hemoglobin, media containing, 123 Hemoglobinophilic organisms, 455 Hemolysin, 214, 249-250. See under Complement fixation. Hemolysis, 245-247, 250, 251 Hemolytic system. See under Comple- ment fixation. Hemoproteus, 602 Hemorrhagic septicemia group of micro- organisms, 470 Hemosiderin, 598 Hermann's fluid for fixing tissues, 86 stain for spores, 82 Herpes, presence of meningococcus in, 324 Herpetomonas, 543. See Flagellata, 541- 547. Higher bacteria, 518. See Trichomycetes. Hill's procedure, 73 Hiss' serum-water (for oultiv&ition of diplococcus of pneumonia), 311 Histoplasma capsulatum, 545 Hog cholera, 532 Hogyes dilution method, 621, 625, 629 HoUow ground slide, 72. Fig. 12. Horse pox, 607 sickness. South African, 533. See FHtrable virus. Hottinger's agar, 117 stock broth, 116 Hxmdswuth. See Rabies, 531, 614-638. Huntoon's method of staining for cap- sules, 81 Hyaline form of malarial organism, 593 Hydrophobia. See Rabies, 614. Hydrogen-ion concentration, 96-104 acid and alkali normalities, 100 actual acidity, 97 Barnett and Chapman tubes, 99 chart of dissociation curves, 104 colorimetric method of deter- mining, 98 comparator block, 105 definition normal acid, 97 alkali,. 97 electrolytic dissociation, 96 electrometric method of deter- mining, 98 ionization in presence of buffers, 97 INDEX 767 Hydrogen-ion concentration, ionization of H and OH in presence of acids and bases, 97 streptococci, influence of, 298 Hyperplastic inflammation of spleen, 598 Hypersensitiveness. See Anaphylaxis, 229—243. Hyphse, 28. See Moulds. Hyphomycetes, 277. See Moulds, 277- 285 Hypnocyst, 45 Hypochlorites as disinfectants, 725 Idiochromatin, 43 Idiosjmcrasy, 239 Imbedding of tissues, 86 Immune body, 173 Immunity, 181 active, 181 antiblastic, 243 to diphtheria, 347-348 to gonococcus, 332 natural, 181 passive, 181 to pneumonia, 320 to smallpox, 610 Immunizing against diphtheria, advis- abihty of, 356 Incubation, apparatus for, 140 methods of, 140 Incubator, 140. Fig. 63. India ink method (Burri), for cultivation of Treponema paUidum, 75 Indicators in media, 100-103 Indol, 64 reaction, 380 Infantile splenomegaly, 540 Infection, 160-172 carriers of, 167 endogenous, 166 exogenous, contagiousness of, 166 fomites, 166 sources of, 166 factors in, 164 gonococcus, duration of, 332 by ingestion, 421 intestinal, specific, 364 available foodstuffs in, 366 local and general effects of, 168 mechanical barriers to, 161 meningitis, compHcating, 324 mixed, 160, 425 paratyphoid, 397 from food poisoning, 397 frequency of, 397 phagocytosis, 162 protective powers of host against, 161 response of body to, 170 secondary, 160 secretions of mucous membranes, 161 susceptibiKty to, 163 Infectious diseases, causal relation of microorganisms to, 21 Influenza bacilli in tissues, staining of, 87. See Bacillus influenzae, 455-463. Infusion prejmration of meat, 92 Inhibiting substances in media, 125 Initial bodies of Prowazek, 465 Inoculation of animals, 147-148 of blood, intravenous, 148 into body cavities, 148 of brain substance, 148 care in performing, 148 cutaneous, 147 of eye, 148 by inhalation, 148 of intestines, 148 intracutaneous, 147 of peritoneum, 148 of skin, 147, 148 of trachea, 148 of ventricle, 148 Insoluble carbonates, use of, 125 Interbody, 173 Intestinal flora, 360-362 of adults, 362 development of, 360 dominant types, 361 Bacillus acidophilus, 361 aerogenes capsulatus, 362 bifidus, 361 con and aUied types, 362 mesentericus, 362 micrococcus ovahs, 362 putrifious, 362 importance of, 361 Inulin, action of pneumoooccus, 311 Inulin-serum water, 122 Invertase, 29 Inverting enzymes, 62 Involution forms in reproduction of mi- croorganisms, 38 lodex redivius (in Texas fever), 604 Iodine as disinfectant, 725 Iodoform as disinfectant, 730 Ionization, 97. See Hydrogen-ion con- centration. Iso-agglutinins, 204 Isogamy, 47 Isolysins, 214 Japanese worm, 286 Jaundice, infections, Leptospira in, 568 spirochetes in, 567 Sp. icterohemorrhagia in, 567 Weil's disease, 568 Jenner's stain (for blood), 84 Johne's disease, bacillus of, 443 Kala-azar, 539 Karyozome, 43, 44 768 INDEX Kinetic nucleus, 44, 47 Kinetonucleus, 47 Kinyoun's method for tubercle bacilli, 439 Kipp apparatus (for anaerobes), 141 Klebs-Loffler bacillus, ZZl. See Bacillus diphtheriBB, 336-359 Koch-Erhlicli's anilin-water solution, 79 Koch's old tubercuKn (0. T.), 431 postulates, 22 Koch-Weeks' baciUus, 463 in trachoma, 465 Koumyss, 364 Lababkaqtje's solution, 725 Lactic acid milks, 363 Lactose bile, 130 Lambha intestinaUs, 574 Lecithin, 169 Leishmania, 48, 543 Leishmaniasis, 545 Leishmann-Donovan bodies. See Flagel- lata, 541-547. Leprosy. See Bacillus lepra, 440. Leptomonas. See Flagellata, 541-547. Leptospira icteroides (spirochete), 634 Leptothrix. See Trichomycetes, 518-529. Leukocidin, 296 Leukocytes, 219 endo-enz3Tnes, 219 endolysins, 219 extracts of, 224 Levaditi's method for spirochetes, 85. See Staining, 75-86. Ligroin method for tuberculosis, 434 Linin, 43 Lipochromes, 63 Lipoidal antigen, 225 Liquid media, 115. See Media, culture, 92-132. Listerine, 743 Litmus, 101, 106 milk, 118 Liver agar (for gonococcus), 129 broth, 130 medium for meningococcus, 322 Lobar pne\unonia, pneumococcus in, 308 serum therapy for, 656 method of administra- tion, 667 relative results in the four types, 656 in Type I infections, 658 Locke's solution, 121 Loffler's blood serum, 94, 122 method for staining flagella, Bunge's modifica- tion of, 82 tissues, 87 methylene blue, 78 for Bacillus diph- therise, 339 LOdose, 178 L+ dose, 178 Lophotricha, 36 Luesreagine, 256 Luetic tissue as antigen, 255 Lungs, organisms found, in, 156 Lysol, 728 Lyssa. See Rabies, 614. Lytic antibodies, 214 M Macrophages. See Phagocytes, 216. Madsoun, 364 Madura foot. See Mycetoma, 523-524. Malaria, 591 anopheles mosquito as carrier of, 591 Culex, differentiated from, 596. See Figs. 189-198. cachexial, 543 classification of, 591 diagnosis of, 599. See Plate VIII. hemosporidia, 591 historical note on, 591 hyperplastic inflammation of spleen in, 592 immunity to, 599 laverania malarise. See Hemameba falciparum, 592. melanemia, 598 organisms of, 593 cultivation of, 598 development of, 593 asexual cycle (in blood of man), 593 amitotic division in, 595 crescentic forms, 595, 601 ' ' dancing ' ' pigment, 591, 593 hyaUne form, 593 macrogametocyte, 595 merozoites, 595 microgametocyte, 595 flagellation of, 595 mitasis of nucleus in, 595 pigment granules, 593 rmg form, 593 schizonts in, 593 segmentation, 593 staining of, 595 hemameba falciparum, 592 , , (estivo-autumnal fever) '' malarise (quartan fever), 592 vivax (tertian fever), 592 hemosiderin, 598 melanin, 598 pathogenesis of, 598 sexual cycle (in digestive tract of female anopheles mosquito), 596 cyst, formation of, 596 INDEX 769 Malaria, organisms of, sexual cycle, flagellation of micro- gametocyte, 596 macrogamete, forma- tion of, 596 oofcinet, 596 sporozoites, 598 time required for devel- opment in, 598 zygote, 596 table showing chief differences, 594 paroxysms in, 591, 599 Plasmodium, 591 prophylaxis, 599 quartan fever, 591. See Plate VII. quinine, use of, 599 quotidian fever, 592 schizogomy, 593 spiorogomy, 596 tertian fever, 591. See Plate VII. toxin production, 599 Malarial fever, 599 Malarial-like parasites, 601-602 halteridium, 602 hemoproteus, 602 proteosoma, 602 Mai de Caderas, 548 Maligna,nt anthrax edema, 480 pustule, 480 Malein broth for glanders, 131 test for glanders, 451 Mallory's method for smears, 85 Malta fever, 334. See Micrococcus meli- tensis, 334. Margaropus annulatus Say (in Texas fever), 604 Maries method in rabies, 628 Martin's peptone broth, 116 solution, 116 Mastogophora, 26. See Flagellata. Mastoiditis, pneumococcus in, 314 Material for examination, microbiological, 150 handling of, 153 at autopsy table, 153 choice of media, 157 Gram amphophile organisms, 155 negative organisms, 154 positive organisms, 155 stain, 153 preliminary smears, 153 transference to laboratory, 153 procuring of, 150 equipment for, 150 precautions in, 150 procedures in, 150 regional distribution of organisms, 155 sputum washing, 152 McFadyean-Heine-methylene-blue reac- tion, 477 Measles, 536-537 Meat, use of. See Media, culture, 92-132. Media, culture of, 92-132. 49 Media, culture of, agar, 93, 115, 116, 118, 120, 123 129-130, 132 ameba, 132 beef extract, 116 blood drop, 123 chocolate, 123 definition of, 93 liver, 129 in media, 115 for milk work, 130 sodium oleate, 129 used, 118 alkaline reaction to inhibit growth, 128 alkaUne-egg, for cholera, 128 Andrade's indicator in, 126 anihn dyes to inhibit growth, 125 beef extract, 92, 96 beer-wort, 132 in bi-hexoses, 121 for blood flagellates, 131 media, 123 Bordet-Gengou, 120 brilliant green (for colon-typhoid group), 126 Andrade's indicator in, 126 colonies after incubation on. 127 dilutions of, 126 fluid media containing, 128 formula for, 126 inoculation of, 127 porous topped plates, 126 selective action of dye, 126 standardization of, 127 broth, nutrient, 95, 121 calcium broth, 121 carbohydrates, addition of, 121 carbonate broth, 121 clearing, 107 coagulated albumin, 94 serum, 122, 123 Conradi-Drigalsky, 126 DieudonnS's medium (for cholera), 128 digest products for basic agar, (for colon-typhoid group), 128 digestion meat media, 116, 117 disinfection tests. See Synthetic media, 120. egg media, 118 protein, 124 Endo-medium, modifications for colon-typhoid group, 125 enriching substances, 121 proportions for, 122 fermentation tubes, 109 filters, 107 Berkefeld, 113 Biichner funnels, 107 care of, 113, 114 Chamberland, 113 Doulton, 113 hot water funnels, 107 paper pulp in, 108 770 INDEX Media, culture of, filtration of, 113 sedimentation, 108 super-centrifuge, 108 fluid, 92, 93 formulse and uses of, 115 gelatin in solid media, 93, 115 general considerations, 92 glycerin egg (Lubenau), 119 potato, 119 gentian-violet-egg for inhibiting growth, 125 hemoglobin, containing, 123 Hottinger agar, 117 broth, 116 indicators, 100 inhibiting substances, 125 insoluble carbonates, use of, 125 ionization, 97. Meningitis. See Meningococcus. pneumococcus in, 314 Meningococcus, 321-326 agglutination of, 322 carriers of, 321, 324 colonies of, 322 color, 322 crystals, 322 complement fixation in, 321, 324, 326 cultivation of, 322 on glucose ascitic agar, 322 on Ever medium, 322 variation in power of, 322 on vitamin agar, 322 diagnosis of, 322 bacteriological, 326 by complement fixation, 326 differential, to distinguish from gonococcus, 326 by sugar reactions, by, 326 epidemic, serum therapy in, 658 groups, 323 infections complicating, 324 isolation of, 321 in meningitis, cerebrospinal, 321, 326 other organisms exciting, 326 pneumococcus in, 325 morphology of, 321 other Gram-negative organisms re- sembhng, 326 pathogenesis of, 324 presence of, 324 in blood, 324 in herpes, 324 in nasal cavity, 324 in urine, 324 resistance of, 322 to disinfectants, 322 to heat, 322 to Hght, 322 varieties of, 323 West tube, use of, 324 Mesophilic organisms, 55 Metachromatic areas, 38 granules, 37 Methylene-blue-eosin agar, 126 Micro-aerophiUc diphtheroids, 357 Microbal growths, products of, 60-65 aromatic products, 64 indol, 64 phenol, 64 skatol, 64 tyrosin, 64 bacteroids in leguminous plants, 65 chemical effects of, 61 decomposition of fats, 64 fermentation, 61 catalysts, 61 definition of, 61 enzymes as agents of, 61 alkaline products, 61 characteristics of, 61 diastatic, 62 Microbal growths, products of, fermenta- tion, enzymes as agents of fat- spUtting, 62 inverting, 62 oxidizing, 62 proteoclastic, 62 rennin-hke, 62 formation of acids, 65 from alcohol, 65 from carbohydrates, 65 of gas, 65 free nitrogen, 65 heat, 61 light, 60 nitrification, 64 photogens, 60 pigment production, 63 chromogenic function, 63 fluorescent, 63 Hpochromes, 63 poisonous products. See Chap- ter VII. putrefaction, 64 definition of, 64 effect of oxygen, 64 products of, 64 reduction processes, 64 sulphuretted hydrogen, 64 Microbes in aUmentary tract, 350 aSrobes, 360 anaerobes, 360 oxygen tension, 360 Microchemical reaction, 51 Micrococcus catarrhalis, 326-327 cultivation of, 327 in bouillon, 327 ■ in dextrose serum, 327 in gelatin, 327 in nutrient agar, 327 in serum agar, 327 distinguished from meningo- coccus, 327 location of, 327 microscopic appearance of, 326 pathogenesis of, 327 vaccine therapy in, 327 lanceolatus. See Pneum'ococcus, 308- 320. melitensis, 334 biology of, 335 clinical symptoms of, 335 colonies of, appearance of, 335 cultivation of, 335 diagnosis of, 335 by agglutination, 335 discovery of, 334 distribution of, 334-335 in blood, 335 geographical, 334 in urine, 335 morphology of, 335 pathogenesis of, 335 resembling gonococcus, 334 tetragenous, 295 morphology of, 295, 296 occurrence of, 295 772 INDEX Micrococcus tetragenous, pathogenesis of, 296 z3Tiiogens, 335 Microorganisms, capacity of, invasive, 159 chemical composition of, 50 quaUtative, 51 quantitative, 50 microchemical reactions, 51 classification of, 29-42, 285 bacillus, 32 capsule, 34 diplobacilh, 33 envelope, 33 staining of, 36 streptobacilh, 33 higher bacteria, 41 actinomyces, 42 cladothrix, 42 description, 41 leptothrix, 42 nocardia, 42 reproduction among, 42 streptothrix, 42 moulds, 27-28 fungi imperfecti, 28 general characteristics, 27 mycomycetes, 27 ascomycetes, 27 ascospores, 27 basidiomycetes, 27 • conidia, 27 phycomycetes, 27 chlamydospores, 28 conidia, 28 hyphffi, 28 oidia, 28 sporangium, 28 reproduction of, 28 asexual fruiting organs, in phycomycetes, 28 oomycetes, 28- oospore, 28 sexual, 28 zygomycetes, 28 zygospore, 28 nomenclature, 27 yeasts, 28, 284 blastomycetes, 28 comparison with fungi imperfecti, 28 classification, 26 division of, 29 nucleus in, 29 endogenous spores, 29 enzyme action of, 29 invertase, 29 maltase, 29 zymase, 29 forms of, 29 general characteristics, 26 pathogenic, 285 refraction of, 29 size of; 29 Microorganisms, classification of, yeasts, schizosaccharomycetes octosporus, 29 staining of, 30 vitality of, 30 working outline of, 26 commensals, 51, 158 cultivation of, 132-146 alkali production in, 145 anaerobic methods of, 141 albolene, use of, 143 Biichner's methods, 142 in inverted plates, 142 Kipp apparatus (hydrogen), 141 Novy jar, 141 pyrogallic acid, 141 shake cultures, 143 Wright's method, 142 Zinsser's methods, 142 aromatic products, 146 cholera-red reaction, 146 cultures of, pure, to obtain, 132 capillary method, 134 colonies, 133, 134, 135 appearance of, 135 counting of, 137 discrete, 133 fishing of, 134 enrichment methods, 135 Hansen's method for yeasts, 134 Bottchers moist cham- ber, 134 India ink method (Burri), 134 in plates, 132-143 dilution method, 134 errors, possible, 134 incubation, 133 Petri dishes, 133 platinum loop, 133 needle, 133 pour, 133 streak, 133 study of, 135 ferment action in, 145 fermentation of carbohydrates, 145 food, 144 inoculation, methods of, 138 incubation, methods of, 140 apparatus, 140 methods, 140 nitrate production, 145 oxygen requirements, 141, 144 pigment production, 145 sulphuretted hydrogen, 145 toxin production, 146 transplanting, 140 Vosges-Proskauer reaction, 146 effects of surrounding forces on, 53 action of one species on another, 53 antagonistic, 53 experimental, 53 INDEX 773 Microorganisms, effects of surrounding forces on, action of one species on an- other, antagonistic natural, 53 cooperative, 63 behavior toward free oxygen, 53 aerobes, 53 anaerobes, 54 facultative organisms, 54 micro-aerophihc, 54 toward other gases, 54 food, 51 enzjrmes, proteolytic, 52 essential substances for, 51 parasites, 51, 52 facultative, 52 reaction of media, 52 saprophytes, 52 facultative, 52 influence of agitation, 58 carbonic acid, 58 chemotaxis, 60 negative, 60 positive, 60 drying, 59 electricity, 58 light, 57 osmosis, 58 plasmolysis, 59 plasmoptysis, 59 pressure, 58 ' radium, 58 spectrum rays, 57 sunlight, 57 temperature, 55 classification, 55 mesophilic organ- isms, 55 psychophiUc or- ganisms, 55 thermophilic or- ganisms, 55 dry heat, 56 high, 56 low, 56 resistance of spores to, 56 arrays, 58 parasitic, relation of host to, 158 pathogenicity, 158 permanence of species, 25 physiological characteristics of, 36 motility, 36, 37 Brownian movements, 37 chemotaxis, 37 pedesis, 37 true, to ascertain, 37 speed of, 37 reproduction, 37, 38, 39 degenerative forms in, 38 fission, 37, 38 in B. Microscope, 67-72 aberration, 67 chromatic, 67 spherical, 67 dark-ground illumination, 71 diffraction, 67 focussing, 70 objectives, 67 achromatic, 67 aplanatic, 67 apochromatic, 67 parts of, 61-71 Abb6 condenser, 69 adjustments, 69 coarse, 69 fine, 69 diaphragm, 68 objective, 67 oculars, 67 reflector, 68 stage, 68 Microscopic methods, 72-75 blood films, preparation and staining of, 74 cover-glass, 74 shde, 74 cover-slips, cleaning of, 74 fihn preparation, 73-75 drying of, 74 examination of, 75 fixing of, 74 mounting of, 75 staining of, 75 washing of, 75 hanging block, 73 drop, 72 mass, 73 Hill's procedure, 73 India ink method (Burri) for Tr. pallidum, 75 preparation of microbes for examination, 72 smear, 73 preservation of, 86 774 INDEX Microscopic methods, spread, 73 Microsome, 47 Microspora, 279 Miescher's tubes, 588 Milk, 684-703 bacteria in, 684 live, deleterous effects of, 689 methods of estimating, 685 direct smear, 685 advantages of, 685 disadvantages of, 685 standard nutrient agar plate method, 684 multipUoation of, under varying conditions, 697 numerical estimation of, 684 pathogenic properties of, 688 sources of, 687 temperature, influence of, on multiphcation of, 694 varieties of, 686 bacterial contamination of, 693 conclusions as to relative importance of, 693 bacteriology of, related to disease, 684 care of bottles, 746 cleanliness, influence of, 698 contagious diseases transmitted by, 701 diphtheria, 702 scarlet fever, 702 septic sore throat, 702 trembles, 701 tuberculosis, 702 typhoid fever, 702 fihns, 74 general conclusions, 699-702 grading of, 703 heating of, effect of, 691-693 pasteurization of, 696, 745 development of bacteria in heated milk, 696 directions for, 746 steriUzation of, 745 streptococci in, 688 Mitotic fission, 44 MoniUa, albicans (in sprue), 285, 287 Monotricha, 36 Mordants, 77, 78 Mosaic disease of tobacco, 531 Mosquito, anopheles, 591 yellow fever, 634 Motility of microorganisms, 36, 37 Moulds, 277-285 classification. See Classification of microorganisms, 24. enmycetes, 277 hyphomycetes, 277 mycetes, 27 mycomycetes, 27 ^ pathogenic, 277 achorion schoenleinii, 281 aspergillus, 277 fumigatus, 277 nodulous, 277 Moulds, pathogenic, claviceps purpurea, 277 ergot poisoning, 277 favus, 277 characteristic growth of, 281 cultivation of, artificial, 282 lesion of, site of, 281 mouse, 281 treatment for, 282 fungi imperfecti, 277, 283 furfur, microsporon, 282 cultivation of, artifi- cial, 283 distribution of, 282 lesions of, site of, 283 staining of, 283 treatment of, 283 mucor corymbifer, 277 peniciUum minimum, 277 pityriasis versicolor. See Furfur, 282. ringworm. jS'eeTrichophyton,278. sporothrix, 283 agglutination, 284 beurmanni, 283 complement fixation, 284 cultivation of, 284 lesions of, 283 morphology of, 284 schenkji, 283 treatment of, 283. tinea. See Trichophyton, 278. trench foot, 277 trichophyton, 278 examination of, 278 hving specimens, 278 permanent specimens, 278 morphology of, 279 megalospora, 279 microspora, 279 tinea, 278-279 circinata, 278 sycosis, 279 tonsurans, 279 herpes, 279 Mucor corymbifer, 277. See Moulds. Multiphcation, average time for cycle of, 37 MuUer solution, fixative, 87 Mumps, 536. See Filtrable virus. Muscarin, 169 Mycetes, 27. See Moulds. Mycetoma, 523-524 Mycoderma, 715 Mycomycetes, 27. See Moulds, ascomycetes, 27 ascospores in, 27 basidiomycetes, 27 conidia, 27 Myoneme striations, 47 Myonemes, 43 Myxosporidia, 588 in arthropods, 589 characteristics of, 589 INDEX 775 N Nagana, 548 Necrosis; See Anaphylaxis, 229-242. Needles, 138. Fig. 47. Negri bodies, staining of, 86. See also Rabies, 531, 614. in rabies, 614, 617 smear method, 613 Neisser stain, 79-80 Neufeld method for opsonic index, 221 Neurin, 169 Neurocytes hydrophobiae, 615. See Rabies, 614. Nitrate broth, 118 production, 145 of silver, 723 Nitrates and nitrites, 714 Nitrification of soil, 711 Nitrobacter, 711 Nitrogen fixing bacteria, 712. See Soil bacteria, 709-713. Nitrosococcus, 711 Nitrosomonas, 711 Nocardia. See under Trichomycetes, 41-42. Nomenclature, 27 Nona, 535 Non-microbal proteins, 208 antigen for, 209 serum for, 209 of vegetable origin, 209 Nose organisms, 156 Nosema. See Sporozoa, 587-590. bombycis (in silkworm disease), 589. Fig. 186. lophii Doflein (in sea-devil), 589 Novy jar for anaerobes, 141 Nutrose broth, 124 war substitute for, 124 Nyctootherus faba. See Ciliata, 590. OiDiA, 28, 285 Oidium albicans, 287 Oil of turpentine, 728 Oleate-blood agar (for isolation of influ- enza), 457 Oocysts, 594 Ookinet, 603 Oomycetes, 28 oospore, 28, 287 Ophthahnia due to yeasts, 242 gonorrheal, 328, 331 Opsonic action, 219 demonstration and measurement of, 219 index, 221 accuracy in determining, 222 applications of, 222 in vaccine therapy, 223 Neufeld method, 221 Wright method, 221 Opsonins, 217 Opsonins, bacteriotropins, 218 immune, 218 non-microbal cells for, 224 normal, 217 relation of, to phagocytosis, 216 Optimum temperatures, 55 Organelles, 43 Oroya fever, 606 Osmic acid as fixative, 86 Osmosis, 58 plasmolysis, 59 plasmoptysis, 59 Oxygen requirements for microorganisms, 141, 144 Oysters. See Shellfish, 704-708. Parasite, 51, 52, 159 commensal, 159 facultative, 52 malarial, 594 strict, 52 Paratubercular dysentery, 443 Paratyphoid, 396. See also Bacillus paratyphosus. carriers, 396 communicabihty of, 397 cviltural reactions of, 399 avidity factor, table showing, 399 Bacillus abortus equi, 398 cholerse sius, 397, 398 enteritidis, 398 paratyphosus A, 398 B, 398 0,398 pestis cavise, 398 puUorum, 398 psitticosis, 398 sanguinarium, 398 typi murium, 398 Paretic curve, 574 Pasteur filters, 681 treatment for rabies, 623-624 Pasteurization of milk, 696, 745-746 P^bilne, historical note on, 21 Pectin, test for, 93, 94 Pedesis, 37 Pelamyxa palustris, 48 Pellagra, 540 Pelvic organs; organisms in, 156 Penicillum minimum, 277 Pentoses in media, 121 Peptone. See Media, culture, 92-132. Peritoneal fluid, organisms found in, 155 Peritricha, 36 Permanence of species, 25 Peroxide of hydrogen as disinfectant, 724 Petri dishes, use of, 133 Petroff method for tubercle bacilli, 429 Pfeiffer phenomenon, 210 Phagocytes, 216 chemotaxis, 217 macrophages, 216 776 INDEX Phagocytes, microphages,'216 participation of, in inflammatory processes, 217 variations in activity, 218 Phagocytosis, 162 mechanism of, 219 Phenol coefiicient, hygienic laboratory, 720 Phenolphthalein, 101, 106 Photogens, 60 Ph values, 99, 118 Phycomycetes, 27 Phytotoxin, 184 Physiological characteristics of micro- organisms, 36. See under Micro- organisms, salt solution, 73 Pigment production of microorganisms, 68, 145 Pilon, 128 Piroplasma. See Babesia, 602. von Pirquet test, 430 Pitjrriasis versicolor, 282 Plants, bacterial diseases of, 716 Plasmodium malarise, 587 Plasmolysis. See Opsonins, 58. Plasmoptysis. See Opsonins, 58. Plating methods, 132 application of, 135 Plectridium, 41 Pleural fluid, organisms found in, ' 155 Pleurisy, 314 Pleuropneumonia, cattle, filtrable virus of, 531 Pneumococcus. See Pneumonia, diplo- coccus of. Pneumonia, diplococcus of, 307-320 agglutination of, 316 bacterial diagnosis of, 317 bile and bile salts, action of, 311 biology of, 310 in bronchopneumonia, 310 chemotherapy of, 320 determination of types of, 317 from sputum, 317 cultural, 317, 318 mouse inoculation, 317, 319 precipitable substance, 317-318 from urine, 319 groups of, 316 growth of, 310 on blood agar, 310 serum, 310 on bouillon, 311 on calcium broth, 311 on gelatin, 311 on Hiss' serum-water, 311 inulin, action on, 311 in milk, 311 immunity to, 320 inflammatory processes, in (other than limgs), 314 in arthritis, 314 in conjunctivitis, 314 Pneumonia, diplococcus of, inflammatory processes, in endocarditis, 314 in mastoiditis, 314 in meningitis, 314 in otitis media, 314 in osteomyelitis, 314 in peritonitis, 314 in lobar pneumonia, 308 morphology of, 309 observed first, 308 occurrence of, in man, 312, 313 pathogenicity of, 313 in lower animals, 315 in man, 313 pneumococcus mucosus, 316 growth of, 316 morphology of, 316 pathogenesis of, 316 precipitable substance, 312 resistance of, 311 to drying, 311 to hght, 311 serums, 320 staining of, 309 toxin production of, 312 types of, 316-317 rapid determination of, 317 vaiccines, 320 varieties of, 316 virulence of, 312 attenuation of, 312 increase of, 312 maintenance of, 312 restoration of, 312 Pocken. See Smallpox, 607. Poisons. See Toxin, 175. Polar germination, 41 Poliomyelitis, epidemic, 533-535 serum therapy in, 672 Polychrome methylene blue, 78. See also Goldhorn's stain, 78. Polymastigida (order), 573 LambHa intestinaUs, 573 calomel for, 575 description of, 575 intestinal parasites, 574 in children, 575 in small animals, 574 Trichomonas vaginaHs, 574 hominis Davaine, 574 in acute diarrhea, 574 in trichimoniasis, 574 Porospora gigantea, 49 Poulton-Berkefeld filter, 681 Precipitation, 205 Precipitins, 205r-209 antibodies in precipitate, 208 antigen for, 208. decomposition and digestion of, 208 resistance of, to boiling, 208 in crystaUine lens, 208 definition of, 205 development of, after immunity, 205 group and specific, 205 for non-microbal proteins, 208 INDEX 777 Precipitins for non-microbal proteins, antigen for, 209 serum, 209 vegetable, 209 precipitation, 205 precipitinoids, 205 prezone phenomena, 205 reaction, 205; 206, 209 application of, practical, 208 medicolegal use of, 209 to identify source of blood stains, 209 technic of, 206 similarity to agglutinins, 209 Precipitinoids. See Precipitins, 205-209. Prevention of disease, 23 war results, 23 Products of microbal growth, 60-65 Proteolytic action of microorganisms, 145 Proteosoma, 602 Protista, 24 Protozoa, 42-29 characteristics of four grousp, 45 1. amebse (amebida), 48 binucleata, 48 chromidia, 48 contractile vacuoles, 48 definition of, 48 Pelanyxa palustris, 48 pseudopodia, 48 false in trichomonas, 49 reproduction, 49 2. cihata, 50 conjugation, 50 pathogenicity, 50 structure, 50 3. flageUata, 45 anisogamy, 47 autogamy, 47 contractile vacuoles, 47 cystostome, 47 diplasome, 47 flageUa, 45 primary, 45 secondary, 47 isogamy, 47 kinetonucleus, 47 Leishmania, 48 microsome, 47 myoneme striations, 47 trypanosoma, 47 description of, 47 habitat of, 47 reproduction of, 48 hfe cycle of, 48 T. quiperdum, 48 undulating membrane, 46 4. sporozoa, 49 characteristics of, 49 distinct, 49 habitat of, 49 porospora gigantea, 49 cytoplasms, of, 42 definition of, 42 ectoplasm, 42, 43 entoplasm, 42, 43 Protozoa myonemes, 43 nucleolus, 43 nucleus, 43, 48 blepharoplast, 44 chromatin, 43 centrozome, 44 idiochromatin, 43 kinetic, 44, 47 karyozome, 43, 44 linin, 43 nucleolus, 43 paranuclein, 43 plastin, 43 somatic chromatin, 43 organelles, 43 pathogenic, 541. See FlageUata, 541; Leishmania, 543; Trypanozoma, 548. physiological characteristics of, 44 cyst formation of, 45 hypnocyst, 45 sporocyst, 45 growth and reproduction of, 44 fission, 44 amitotic, 44 mitotic, 44 motiUty of, 44 nutrition of, 44 gastric vacuole, -44 respiration of, 44 contractile vacuole, 44 schizogomy, 44 merozoites, 44 sporogomy, 44 sporozoites, 44 syngamy, 44 autogamy, 45 conjugation, 45 copulation, 45 Pseudopodia, 48 Psyohophihc organisms, 55 Ptomaines, 169, 409 Pus, 217 Putrefaction, 64, 710 historical note on, 20 Putrescin, 169 Pyemia, 166 Pyocyanase, 407 Pyocyanin, 407, 408 PyrogaUic acid for anaerobic methods, 141 Pyrosoma bigeminum. See Babesia bigemina, 603. Q QuABTAN fever. iSee Malaria, 591, Plate VII. Quinine, use of, in malaria, 599 Quinke needle for administration of men- ingococcus serum, 660 Quotidian fever. See Malaria, 591, Plate VII. Rabies, 531, 614r-638. See also Filtrable virus. 778 INDEX Rabies, complement-binding test in, 620 definition of, 614 diagnosis of, 619 dog, symptoms in, 622 furious, 622 historical note on, 614-615 in human beings, 622 length of disease, 623 materials and methods for study, 615 animal inoculations, 616 sections, technic of, 616 in smears, 616 staining of, 616 Negri bodies, 614, 618-620 cultivation of, 618-619 division of, 618. Plate IX, Fig. 1. localization of, 620 morphology of, 617 central bodies, 618 chromatoid granules, 618 large forms, 617 in nerve cells, large, of central nervous system, 618 number of, 618 site of, 618 structure of, 614 paralytic, 622 pathogenesis of, 620-621 preventive measures, 633 symptoms, stages in, 622 excited (convulsive), 622 melancholic (prodromal), 622 paralytic, 622 treatment of, 623 cauterization of, 632 intensive, 627 by mail, 627 Marie's method, 628 Pasteur's (preventive inocula- tion), 623 original, 623 present, 624 preventive measures, 633 by serum, antirabic, 629 ill effects of, 631 constitutional, 631 local, 631 preparation of, 629 results of, 630 virus, 624 attenuation of, by drying cord, 624 effect of chemical and phys- ical agents on, 620 fixed, modified by dialysis, 628 rapid drying of, 627 unit, definition of, 630 Radium, influence of, on microorganisms, 58 Rainey's tubes, 589 Rat-bite fever, 529 leprosy. See Bacillus leprae, 440. spirochetes in, 568 Reaction, 96-107. See Media, culture, 92- 132 Receptor, 172-1-74 orders of, 173 Red-water fever, organism of, 606 Refraction of yeasts, 29 Regional distribution of microorganisms, 155 Relapsing fever, 536 in Panama, 570 spirochetes in, 568, 570 Reproduction of Bacillus diphtherise, 38 Resistance to infection. See Immunity, 181. Rhinosporidiiun kinealyi, 588 Rhizobiimi (nitrogen-fixing genus), 712 Ricin, 184 Riggs' disease, amebse in, 577 Rinderpest, 531 Ring form of malarial organism, 593 Ringer's solution, 120 Ringworm. See Trichophyton, 277. fungus, 88 complement fixation of, 268 examination of, 88 hving specimens, 88 permanent specimens, 88 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 539 Rodents as disseminators of bubonic plague, 472^74 Romanowsky stain for blood work, 83 Ross stain for malarial organisms, 85 Rubella, 537 Russell's double sugar medium, 126 Sabourattd's medium, 132 Saccharomyces busse, 285, 715 cerebisise Hansen, 286 discovery of, 20 tumefaciens, 285 in wines and beers, 715 Saccharomycetes. See Yeasts, 285-288. Saccharose peptone water, 128 Saprophytes, facultative, 52 Sarcinae, 32 Sarcocystis, 587 miescheri, 589. Kg. 188. tenella, 589. Fig. 187. Sarcoma, chicken, filtrable virus of, 633 Sarcosporida, 589 cyst, 590 description of, 589 Miescheri's tubes, 589 pathogenicity of, 590 Rainey's tubes, 589 sarcocystin, 590 sar. muris, 590 sarcosporidiosis, 590 spore formation, 590 in trophozoites, 590 in uncooked infected meat, 589 Saturated alcoholic solutions, 76 Sauerkraut, 715 INDEX 779 Scarlet fever, 537 transmitted by milk, 702-703 Schick reaction, 180, 353, 354 Schizogomy, 44 Schizonts (in malaria), 593 Schizosaccharomycetes octosporus, 29 Selective action of dye, 126 Semi-soUd media, 95, 116 Septic sore throat transmitted by milk, 702 tank, 681-682, 713 Septicemia, Bacillus influenzse in, 460 gonococcus in, 332 Sera, antibacterial, 225 concentration of, 227 cross-protection and strain iden- tity, 228 by antibody absorption, 228 by other methods, 228 general methods in production of, 225 preparation of vaccines, 225 dosage, 225 horses, use of, 225 protection test, technic of, 227 selection of strains, 225 for therapeutic purposes, 225 titration of, 226 Serotoxins, 242 Serum, immune, 271-275 obtaining of, 272 standardization of, 273 technic of, 274 titration of antibody content, 274 of unknown, 275 media, 122 sickness, 237 therapy, 656-672 advisability of, 656 antianthrax, 672 antistreptococcic, 661 antiplague, 672 of baciUJary dysentery, 661-662 convalescent blood in scarlet fever, 662-663 diphtheria antitoxin, 663-668 gas gangrene, 671 dosage of, 671 injection of, mode of, 671 procedure of, 671-672 recommendations from French as to, 672 thorough surgical, 671 specificity of 671 time of application of, 671 in lobar pneumonia, 656 in meningitis, epidemic, 658-661 administration of, 659 directions for use of, 659 Quinke needle, 660 in poUomyeUtis, 672 tetanus antitoxin, 668 Yersin's serum. See Antiplague above. Serum water (Hiss), 122 Sewage, 677 bacteria in, 713 ammonia, action on, 714 nitrates and nitrites, 714 in septic tank, 713 varieties of, 714 bacteriological examination of, 677 for streptococci, 677 disposal of, 681 farming of, 714 self -purification of, 681 septic tank, 681, 713 variations of media for, 130 Sexual reproduction of moulds, 28 Shake cultures, 143 Sheep pox, 607 Shellfish, 704^708 bacteriological examination of, 704 clams, etc., 708 media for, special, 130 oysters, 704 economic importance of, 704 pollution of, 704 artificial purification, 704 standard methods for exam- ination of, 705 in shell, 705 Bacillus coU, deter- mination of pres- ence of, 706 dilutions, 706 media, 706 presumptive tests, 706 bacterial counts, 706 score, 707 technical procedure, 706 shucked stock, 708 typhoid epidemics due to, 704 relation of, temperature to, 705 Silver impregnation method for spiro- chetes, 85 Sleeping sickness, 548. See Trypanosoma 548-549. SUdes, cleansing of, 74 hollow ground, 72. Fig. 12. Smallpox, 536, 607-613 allied diseases, closely, 607 definition of, 607 etiology of, 608-610 classification of, 608 granules in filtrate, 608 vaccine bodies in rabbit cornea, 608 in sections, 609 technic of, 609 historical note on, 607 immunity to, 610 protective substances after vaccina- tion, 610 vaccination, necessity for, 608, 610 780 INDEX Smallpox vaccine, preparation of, 610-613 animals, 611 care of, 611-612 vaccination of, 611 collection of, 612 keeping of, 613 seed virus, 610-611 testing of, 612 for potency, 613 for purity, 612-613 Smear, 73 Smegma bacillus, 444 Sodium oleate agar, 129 Soil, 683 Bacillus coli in, 683 proteus vulgaris in, 710 subtilis in, 710. See Fig. 211. bacteria, 709-713 carbon compounds, splitting of, 709 denitrification by, 711 nitrification by, 711 nitrobacter, 711 nitrosococcus, 711 nitrosomonas, 711 nitrogen-fixing, 712 azobacter, 713 BaciUus radicicola, 712 Clostridium pasteurianiun, 712 rhizobium, 712 nitrogenous compounds, decom- position of, 710 putrefaction and decay, 710 offices of, 709 tjrpe form, characteristics of, 710 with soil minerals, 713 SoUd media. See Media, culture, 92-132. first use of, 22 Somatic chromatin, 43 Sour milk, types of, 363 aciduric group, 364 Bacillus bulgaricus,- 364 buttermilk, 364 lactic acid milks, 363 commercial varieties of, 364 Komnyss, 364 Madsoun, 364 Zoolak, 364 South African horse sickness, 533 Species, 24 Specimen, examination of blood, 151 of pus, 151 Spectrum rays, influence of, on micro- organisms, 57 Spinal fluid, organisms in, 155 Spirilli, 32. See also Cholera spirillum, 507-516. Spirillum, finkler-prior, 517 Spirochetes, 558-564 classification of, 558, 568 Cristispira balbianii, 559 nuclear material in, 559 in frambesia, 560 insect carriers of, 570 mouth, 560 Spirochetes, mouth, spironema buccalis, 560 treponema dentium, 560 pure cultures of, 559 macrpdentium, 560 pallida. <See Treponema pallidum, 561-564. Schaudinn's, 565 spironema anserina, 561 balanitidis, 559 cihum, periplastic, 560 circinata, 559 berbera, 571 carteri (in relapsing fever, Bom- bay), 570 cultures of, 569 duttoni, 536 (in African tick fever), 570 filtrability of, 570 gaUinorum, 561 immunity to, 570 morphology of, 559 obermeierii, pure cultures of, 559 in relapsing fever, 568 pathogenesis of, 569 phagedensis, 561 pKcatiUs Ehrenberg, 559 recurrentis, 559, 571 in pure culture, 559 refringens, 560 in pure culture, 559 staining of, 568 Vincenti, 560 with Bacillus fusiformis in Vincent's angina, 560 staining of, 84 Treponema caUigyrum, 561 microdentium, 561 paUidum, 561 undulating membrane, 558 Spontaneous generation, 20-22 Sporangium. See Moulds, 27-28. Spore formation in anthrax bacillus, 476 Spores, asexual-hke process, 41 in BaciUus subtilis, 710 in bacterial cell, 36 historical note on, 21 in malignant edema, 495 staining of, 81-82 in tetanus, 484 true, 40 types of, 41 Sporocyst, 45 Sporogamy, 44 Sporothrix, 283 beurmanni, -283 schenkii, 283 Sporozoa. See Protozoa, 49, 587. Eimeria stiedse, 587 coccidium cuniculse, 587 bigeminum, 587 hominis, 587-588 rhinosporidium Rinealyi, 588 myxosporidia, 588-589 nosema, 596 INDEX 781 Sporozoa, Eimeria stiedae, sarcosporidia, 588 Sporozoites, 44 in malarial organism, 598 Spotted fever, Rocky Mountain, 539 Spread, 73 Sprue, 287 Sputum, 152, 155 pathogenic organisms found in, 155 washing of, 152 Staining, 75-86 acid-fast bacteria, 82. See Resist- ance to, 77. of capsule, 80, 81 decolorizing agents, 77 extraction of fatty bodies for, 77 of flagella, 82 general principles of, 75 mordants, 77, 78 nature of microbes to, relation of, 77 of Negri bodies, 86 'resistance to, 77 chemical constitution, due to, 77 envelope, due to, 77 of spirochetes, 84 India-ink method, 75 Silver impregnation method, 85 for sections, 85 for smears, 85 of spores, 81, 82 Stains, 75-87 anUin, basic, 76 dyes in, 75 for Bacillus diphtherise, 79 Beck's method, 79 for blood, 83 Jenner, 84 Leishmann, 84 Romanowsky,- 83 Ross for malarial organisms, 85 Wright, 84 carbol-fuchsin, 78 carbol-gentian-violet, 78 carbol-methylene-blue, 78 copper sulphate method, Bass's for capsules, 80 eosin-methylene-blue, 83, 85 Giemsa, 83 for spirochetes, 84 Goldhorn, 78 for spirochetes, 84 Goodpasture's, for tissues, 87 Gram, 79 NicoUe's modification of, 79 Heidenhain's iron-hematoxylin, 86 Hermann' (for spores), 82 .Huntoon's method for capsules, 81 Koch-Erhlich's anilin water solution, 79 LofHer's method for flagella, 82 Bunge's modification of, 82 for tissues, 87 methylene blue, 78 Mallory, for smears, 85 for tissues, 85 Stains, Neisser, 79-80 polychrome methylene blue, 78. iSee also Goldhorn, 78. saturated aloohoHc solution, 76 Van Ermengen method for flagella, 82 Welch's glacial acetic acid method for capsules, 80 Ziehl-Neelson solution, 78 Standard methods for milk analysis, 684 Standardization of vaccine, 637 Starch medium (for meningococcus), 129 Staphylococci, 32. See also 289-296. Staphylococcus (pyogenes), 289-296 albus, 294 epidermides, 294 aureus, 289-296 acids produced by, 291 biology of, 290 growth of, 290 morphology of 289 occurrence of, in man, 293 pathogenesis of, 291 pigment formation, 291 staining of, 285 toxic substances of, 293 staphylolysin, 293 resistances of, 291 vaccine, 294 citreus, 295 other varieties, 295 Steam disinfecting chamber, 741 Sterilization. See Media, culture, 92-132. Stich reaction, 430 Straus reaction, 447 StreptobaciUi, 33 Streptococci, 32. See also 296-307. Streptococcus, 296-307 agglutinins, production of, 306 bacteriological diagnosis of, 306-307 complement fixation, 267, 306 erysipelatus, 297 hemolytic, 299 pyogenesi 299 arthTospores, 299 biology of, 300 cultivation of, 300-301 development of hemolytic substances, 301 duration of Mfe of, outside body, 301 hemolysis of, 299 inuhn, effect on, 301 milk, 301 morphology of, 299 resistance of, 301 staining of, 300 hydrogen-ion concentration, influ- ence of, 298 immunity to, 305 methemoglobin, production of, 297 mitior, 297 morphology of, 296 mucosas, 297 capsulatus, 297 non-hemolytic, 301 occurrence of, 296-297 782 INDEX Streptococcus, occurrence of, in animals, 303-304 in man, 802 pathogenesis of, 302 pneumococcus, 297 in scarlet fever, 303 in septic sore throat, 303 in septicemia, 307 serum, immunized, 305 influence on other animals, 305 preparation of, 306 strength of, 305 susceptibility to, 304-305 toxic substances, production of, 304 tumors, effect on, 304 types of, 297, 298 vaccines, 306 viridans, 297 Streptothrix. See Trichomycetes, 41-42. StructiKe of bacteria, 34 Sublimated alcohol as fixative (tissue), 86 Sugar-free media, 121 Sulphur dioxide in house disinfection, 740 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 145 Sunlight, influence of, on microorganisms, 57 Surra, 548 Syngamy, 44 Synthetic media, 120 Syphilis, 256, 565. See also Treponema pallidmn. Colle's law, 565 colloidal gold test, 567 color changes in, 567 diagnosis of, 256-257 immunity, natural, 565-566 passive, 566 luetin, 566 tjrpes of reaction, 565 paretic curve, 567 Schaudinn's spirochetes in, 565 symptoms of, 565 Tabaedillo. See Typhus fever, 537. Taxis, 37 Technic. See Material for examination, 150-157. Temperature, accomodation to, 55 effect of, 56 high, 56 low, 55 thermal death point, 56 Tetanolysin, 176 Tetanospasmin, 176 Tetanus antitoxin, 489, 668-671 administration of, methods of, 668 intraspinal, 669-670 intravenous, 668 for cure of tetanus, 668 for immunization, 671 Tetanus antitoxin in prevention of tet- anus, 668 spores in soil, 683 toxin, 176, 487 Tetrads, 32 Tetragenous bacillus, 298 Texas fever, 602. See Babesia, 602-606. Thermophilic microbes, 55 Throat, organisms found in, 156 Thrush, 287 Tick fever. See Texas fever, 602. Tinea. See Trichophyton, 278. circinata, 278 sycosis, 279 tonsurans, 279 herpes, 279 Tissues, 86-88, 123 examination of microorganisms in, 86 fixing of, 86 in absolute alcohol, 86 in corrosive sublimate, 86 in formaUn, 86 in Hermann's fluid, 86 in osmic acid, 86 in sublimate alcohol, 86 in Zenker's fluid, 86 hardening of, 86 imbedding of, 86 in rnedia, 123 staining of, 87 Goodpasture's stain, 87 in influenza bacilh, 87 Loffler's method, 87 Titration of media, 101-102 Tobacco, curing of, 716 Torula, 285. See Yeasts. Toxemia, 336 Toxin, 175-181 broth, 130, 131 capacity of microorganisms to pro- duce, 159 chemical nature of, 176 endo-, 175 exo-, 175-181 characteristics of, 175 examples of, 175 extracellular, 175 L-l- dose, 176 LO dose, 176 measure of action, 176 media for production, 146 methods of precipitating, 175 of producing, 177 M. L. D., 177 molecule, 176 haptophore portion of, 176 toxoid, 176 toxon, 176 toxophore group of, 176 nature of, 176 non-microbal origin of, 184 phytotoxin, 184 abrin, 184 crotin, 184 ricin, 184 zootoxin, 184 INDEX 783 Toxin, non-microbal, origin of, zootoxin, venoms, 184 special aflBnities for, 177 structure of, 176 tetanus, 176 tetanolysin, 176 tetanospasmin, 176 theories of Ehrlich, 178 Vegetable, 184 Toxin-antitoxin immunization, 354, 667 Toxoid, 176 Toxon, 176 Toxophore group in toxin molecule, 176 Trachoma, 329, 465, 537 Prowazek bodies in, 465. See Koch- Weeks' bacillus. Transplanting, 140 Trembles transmitted by milk, 698 Trench fever, 632. See Filtrable virus. foot, 277. See Moulds. Treponema pallidum, 561 cultivating of, 563 examination of, in fixed prepara- tions, 562 India ink method in smears, 562 silver impregnation method in sections, 562 historical note on, 561 imamunity to, 664 morphology of, 561 motility of, 562 pathogenesis of, 563 animal inoculation, 563 spontaneous, 563 resistance to, 663 in syphilis, 561 in chancres, 564 lesions of, 564 primary, 564 secondary, 564 tertiary, 564 Trichloride of iodine as disinfectant, 726 Trichobacteria, 41. See Trichomycetes. Trichomonas vaginalis, 574 hominis Davaine, 674 Trichomoniasis, 574 Trichomycetes, 518-529 actinomyces, 519 animal inoculation, 522 actinomycosis, cause of, 520 characteristics of, 523 treatment of, 523 colonies of, in tissues, 521 description of, 620 isolation of, 522 microscopic appearance of, 521 occurrence of, 522 ray fungus, 519 cladothrix, 518 asteroids, 519 branching forms of, 518 cladothrix liquefaciens, 519 growth of, 518 infectious, 518 clftssificfition of, 518 Trichomycetes, leptothrix buccalis, 618 infections, 518 nocardia (streptothrix), 518 in case of general infection at Presbyterian Hospital, 525 animal inoculations, 528 autopsy of, 526 cultures of, 527 media, 527 description of, 525 microscopic examination of, 626 morphology of, 528 spore formation of, 628 staining of, 527 in cerebral abscess, 526 in cerebrospinal meningitis, 524 in lung diseases, chronic, 529 nocardiosis, cause of, 625 in pneumonic areas, 524 in rat-bite fever, 629 treatment, 629 tuberculosis, lesions resembling, 624 Trichophyton, 278 Tricresol as disinfectant, 728 Tri-hexoses, 121 Trypanosoma, pathogenic forms of, 548 blood examined for, 548 carriers, insect, 550, 552 Chagas disease, 550 characteristics of species, com- parative, 560 carriers, insect, 552 cultivation of, 553 cytoplasm, 561 myoneme fibrils in, 551 nuclear apparatus, 651 morphology of, 561 motility of, 551 reproduction of, 552 shape of, 651 cultivation of, 653 dourine, 548 T. equiperdum in, 548 in galziekte, 548 glossina. See Tsetse fly, 548. historical note on, 648 mal de Caderas, 548 in nagana, 548 Tsetse fly, transmitted by, 548 reproduction of, 562 schizotrypanum, 550 causing thyroiditis, 550 in sleeping sickness, 548 Trypanosoma gambiense duttoni in, 548 rhodesiense in, 650 in surra, 648 Trypanosoma brusei, 560 evansi, 653 lewisi, 548 Trypanosomiasis, 554 complement fixation, 657 diagnosis of, general, 555 784 INDEX Trypanosomiasis, diagnosis of, examina- tion of blood, 555 of cerebrospinal fluid, 556 inoculation test in, 556 pathogenesis of, for man, 554 for vertebrates, 554 prophylaxis of, 556 serum therapy in, 556-557 symptoms of, 554, 555 treatment of, 556 neosalvarsan in, 556 salvarsan in, 556 Trypsin broth, 117 Tubercle bacillus. See Bacillus of tuber- culosis, 411-439. Tuberculin, 429-430 bacillus emulsion, 431 bouillon filtrate (Denys), 431 broth, 269 Calmette, ophthalmic test of, 431 cattle, testing of, 432-433 diagnosis by, 431 dilutions, 432 intracutaneous test (Mantoux), 425 Koch's Old, 431 percutaneous test (Moro), 430 von Pirquet test, 431 subcutaneous test (Stich reaction), 430 treatment by, 432 use of, care in, 429 Tuberculosis. See Bacillus of tubercu- losis, 411-439. transmitted by milk, 702 Typhoid fever, 673, 677, 678, 683, 702, 704. See Bacillus typhosus, 378-394. baciUus isolated from water, 678 in soil, 683 epidemics of, in relation to ' oysters, 704 to water, 673, 677 transmitted by milk, 702 Typhus fever, bacillus of, 537. See Bacillus typhi-exanthematici and Fil- trable virus. Undetermined etiology, diseases of, 539 chicken pox, 540 pellagra, 540 due to, deficiency in diet, 540 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 539 dermacentor venustus. See Woodtick, 539. virus transmitted by, 639 verruga peruviana, 540 gnat, transmitted by, 540 phlebotomus verrucarum, 540 Unit of antibody, 273 of antigen, 271 Unit of complement, 250 of hemolysin, 249-250 United States Army Commission report (1901) on yeUow fever, 640-641 Unknown immune serum, titration of, 273 Ureae, micrococcus, 63 Urinary tract. Bacillus coli in inflamma- tion of, 374-375 Urine, isolation of BaciUus typhosis from, 391 of tubercle bacilli from, 439 Uschinsky's medium, 120 Uses of complement fixation test, 248 Uta, 547 Vaccines, bacterial, 639-655 for Bacillus coli, 376 dysenterise, 404 bodies (vaccine), nature of, 605 in rabbit cornea, 608 catarrhalis, 327, 648 combined prophylactic, 652 for encapsulated bacilh, 652 for epididymitis, 648 for focal infections, 653 for glanders, 652 for gonococcus infections, 332, 647 for influenza, 468, 653 epidemic, 654-655 lipo-, 641-642 for meningococcus infections, 648 therapeutic appUcation in, 648 miscellaneous, 653 mixed (stock), 639 non-specific response, 644 pertussis, 652 plague, 651, 652 pneumococcus, prophylactic use of, 320, 647 polyvalent, 639 potency of, testing of, 643 preparation of, comparison with lipovaccines, 643 in saline solution, 640 in prostatitis, 648 rabbit test, 610 reaction to, 645 dosage of, 645 mode of injection of, 646 negative phase of, 646 in rhinoscleroma, 652 in smallpox, 607, 610 ■ standardization of, 637 in staphylococcus infections, 646 in streptococcus infections, 306, 646 general, 646 local, 646 therapeutic application of, 643 in tuberculosis, 653 types of, 640 INDEX 785 Vaccines, bacterial, in typhoid fever, 386, 648 prophylaxis, 648 saline vaccine, 648 triple vaccine, 650 in typhus fever, 654 use of, development of, 639 Van Ermengen's method of staining for flageUa, 82 Van Giesen's method of staining for Negri bodies, Williams' modification of, 86 Variola, 607 Vegetable proteins, 208 toxins, 184 Venom, snake, 184 Viability of gonococcus, 330 Vibrio berlionensis, 517 cholera. See Cholera spirillum, 507- 516. 