None
158, 159, 336 Permeability, 96, 363, 518 measurement of, 366 INDEX 621 The Numi)ers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Perry, John, his meter, 442 Persistence (see Time-constant) Phase, 470, 472 Phosphorescence caused by dis- charge, 320, 321 Photo-chemical excitation, 530 Photographic plate afifected by dis- charge, 324 Photophone, 529 Photo-voltaic property of selenium, 529 Physiological actions, 254, 325 Piercing glass, prevention of, 62 Piezo-electricity, 75 Plane, the proof-, 32 „ for magnetism, 232 Plante, Gaston, secondary cells, 492 globular lightning, 331 Plants, electricity of, 77, 256 Plate condenser, 56, 295, 304 electrical machine, 43 Platinoid, 404 Pliicker, Julius, on diamagnetism, etc., 370, 373 Poggendorf, J. C, his cell, 180 method of measuring E.M.F., 41G Points, density of charge on, 38, 274 discharge at, 42, 45, 46, 47, 274, 329 Poisson, magne-crystallic action, 373 Polarity, diamagnetic, 369 magnetic, 90, 116, 126 Polarization (electrolytic) in battery cells, 175, 487 of Voltameter, 487, 492 remedies for, 180 rotation of plane of, 526 et seq. Polarized mechanism, 387 relay, 501 Poles of magnets, 86, 134 of pyroelectric crj'stals, 74 of voltaic battery, 168 Polyphase currents, 485 Porous cell, 180 Porret's phenomenon, 250 Portable electrometer, 287 Portative force, 114 Post-Office Bridge, 415 relay, 501 Positive and negative electrification, 5, 327 Potential, electric, 40, 263 „ zero, 40, 264 of conducting sphere, 269 galvanometers, 220 magnetic, 337, 347, 348 Potential, magnetic, due to current, 351 . mutual, of two circuits, 352, 357 Potential-divider nul method, 418 Potentiometer, 416 Potiillet, Claude S. M., sine galvano- meter, 214 tangent galvanometer, 212 Powdered metals, conduction of, 400 sensitiveness to sparks, 521 Powders, electroscopic, 31, 47, 299, 324 Power, 435 transmission of, 447 Power-houses, 440 Poynting, John Henry, on energy- paths, 519 Practical units, 354 Preece, William Henry, telegraphy, 497 Pressure produces electrification, 75 effect on electrolysis, 490 (voltage), 169 Priestley, Joseph, on electric expan- sion, 300 on influence, 26 (footnote) Prime conductor, 42 Printing telegraphs, 497 Proof-plane, 32 magnetic, 232 Protoplasm, electric property of, 256 Pyroelectricity, 74 Pyrometer, 404 Quadrant electrometer (Lord Kel- vin's), 288 electroscope (Henley's), 17 Quadruplex telegraphy, 503 "Quantity" arrangement of cells, etc., 192, 407 of electricity, unit of, 21, 262, 354 Quartz fibre, 299 Quartz, no residual charge from, 299 as insulator, 30, 299 Quetelet, E., on atmospheric elec- tricity, 333, 335 Quincke, Georg, on diaphragm cur- rents, 252 on electric expansion, 300 on electro -optic phenomena, 525 Quinine, use of, for mapping fields, 622 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraph. Radiant state of matter, 321 Radio-micrometer, 425 Rate of change of current, 454, 472 {footnote) Ratio of electrostatic to electro- magnet units, 283, 359 Ray, electric (torpedo), 76 Rays, katliodic, 321 current balance, 396 Rayleigh, Lord, determination of ohm, 358 Reactance, 473 Reciprocal accumulation, 40 Recording instruments, 100, 334 Redistribution of charge, 39 Reduction of metals, 494 Reflecting galvanometer, 215 Reflexion of electric waves, 520 Refractive index, 518 Registering magnetographs and electrometers, 160, 334 Reis, Philipp, invention of tele- phone, 510 Relays, 501 Reluctance, 375 Reluctivity, 375 (footnote) Remanence, 3(57 Replenisher, 49, 287, 288 Repulsion and attraction of electri- fied bodies, 2, 4, 22, 24, 74, 262 and attraction, experiments on, 47 and attraction of currents, 338, 389, 394 and attraction of magnets, 84, 88 Repulsion electrometers, 286 Residual charge of Ley den jar, 61, 299 „ „ of cable, 301 „ ,, of Voltameter, 492 magnetism, 112, 127, 367 Resinous electricity, 5 Resistance and heat, 426 Resistance, 30, 171, 400, 426 affected by temperature, 404 light, 529 „ magnetism, 397 ,, sound, 512 as a velocity, 357 bridge or balance, 413 coils, 414 internal, of cell, 192, 407, 417 ,, ,, measurement of, 417 laws of, 400 Resistance, magnetic, 375 measurement of, 411 et seq. of gases, 171, 322 of glow lamps, 452 of liuman body, 255 of liquids, 171, 403 of vacuum, 321 specific, 403 to alternate currents, 476 units of, 352 et seq. Resistivity, 402 Resonance, 517 • Resonator, 520 Resultant magnetic force, 115 Retardation of currents through cables, 301, 323, 505 Retentivity (magnetic), 98, 367 Return shock or stroke, 29, 331 Reversal of influence machines, 53 Reversibility of processes in circuit, 248, 436 Reversing-switch, 230, 498 Reymond, Du Bois, his galvano- meter, 257 - on animal electricity, 257 unpolarizable electrodes, 257 Rheostats, 40O Rheometer, \ Rheoscope, > see footnote to 20S Rheotrope, j Riess, Peter, on electric distribution, 38 on length of spark, 313 electric thermometer, 317 Ritchie, magnetic circuit, 375 his motor, 443 Ritter, Joliann Wilhelm, on action of current on sight, 254 his secondary pile, 492 onsubjective galvanic soimds, 254 on the sensitive plant, 256 Roentgen, Willielm Conrad, his rays, 327a Rolling friction, 12, 73 Rairuignosi, Dr., discovers magnetic action of current, 195 Ramus, De, his electric kite, 329 Ronalds, Sir Francis, invented a telegrapli, 497 Rotation of plane of polarization, 526 Rotations, electromagnetic, 393 Arago's, 457 Rotatory magnetic field, 485 Roughness of surface as depolarizer, 180 Rowland, Henry A., on electric convexiou, 397 INDEX 623 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Rowland, Henry A., on magnetic cir- cuit, 375 RUcker, Arthur William, on ration- alization of dimensions, 360 Riicker and Thorpe, magnetic survey, 154 Rtihmkorffi electromagnet, 3G9 induction coil, 229 coil, mutual induction of, 454 St. Elmo's Fire, 329 (footnote) Safety-fuses, 429 Salts, electrolysis of, 238, 490 Sanderson, J. Burdon, on electric sensitiveness of carnivorous plants, 256 Saturation, magnetic, 112, 363 e^ seq. Sarery, 85 Sawdust battery, 187 Schallenberger's meter, 442 Schuckert, ammeter, 221 Schuster, Arthur, on electrolysis of gases, 322 Schiceigger's multiplier, 200 Screening, magnetic, 96 inductive, 514 of eddy-currents, 457, 514 Secohm, 458 Secondary actions in electrolysis, 490 Secondary batteries, 492 Secular variations of magnetic ele- ments, 155 Seebeck, Thomas Johann, effect, 419 Selenium, photo-electric proi)ertit'S of, 529 resistance of, 403 (table), 529 Self-exciting influence machine, 50 dynamo, 462 Self-induction, 458, 472 in electric discharge, 515 Self-recording instruments, UK), 334 Semaphore, Henley's, 17 Sensitive plant, behaviour of, 256 Series, arc lamps in, 450 caijacitics in, 308 cells in, 168, 406 dynamos, 465 resistances in, 406 Serrin, Victor, his lamp, 449 Shadows, electric, 47 in partial vacuum, 321 Sheet c<mductor, flow of electricity in, 410 Shell, magnetic, 118, 203, 350 potential due to, 348 Shielding, magnetic, 97 Shock, electric, 254, 325 Shunt, 215, 409 coil in arc lamps, 449 dynamo, 465 Shuttle armature, 461 Siemens, Alexander, on length of spark, 313 Siemens, Werner, on dynamos, 461 mercury unit, 358* electrodynaniometer, 395 shuttle-wound armature, 461 heating in Leyden jar, 299 Sight affected by current, 254 Silurus, the, 76 Sine galvanometer, 214 Sine law, 476 Single-fluid cells, ISO Single-needle instrument, 498 Single touch, 100 Siphon recorder, 506 Skew-symmetry of crystals, 75 Skin effect, 476 Skin, E.M.F. in the, 257 Smee, Alfred, his Battery, 180 Smith, Frederick John, e fleet on photographic plate, 324 Smith, Willotighlry, on selenium, 529 Soap-bubble, electrified, 4 Sodium by electrolysis, 490 Solenoid arc lamps, 449 Solenoid, 385 magnetizing force of, 341 Solid angles, 148 (Appendix A) Sol id iH cation, 69 Sound of magnetization, 124, 510 Sounder, the, 497 Sources of electricity, 12, 65 Spark, 11, 46, 47, 310 duration of, 323 length of, 48, 313, 329 SjKirking at connnutator, 463 SiJecific resistance, 403 inductive capacity, 25, 56, 295, 299 Speed of motor, 444 of signalling, 301, 302, 323 Sphere, distribution of charge over, 38, 273 et seq. potential of, 269, 271 capacity of, 271 Spiral shortens itself, 390 Spottiswoode, William, on strise, 322 Square root of mean stiuare, 471 Standard cells, 188 effect of temperature on, 194 Standards, 354 Steel hardening, 108 624 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Steel, properties of, 362 facing, 495 Stewart, Balfour, on atmospheric electricity, 335 on magnetic storms, 158 Storms, magnetic, 159 Straight conductor force near, 207, 343 Strain, dielectric, 64, 299, 525 Strength of current, 171, 190, 354 of current in magnetic mea- sure, 206, 207, 353 et seq. of dielectric, 299, 311 of magnet pole, 112, 352 of magnetic shell, 348 Stress, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 63, 279, 299, 311, 525 electric, optical effect of, 525 magnetic, 119, 340, 389 Striae in vacuum tubes, 320, 322 Sturgeon, William, his commutator, 461 electro-magnets, 381 on magnetic circuit, 375 induction coil, 229 Submarine telegraphs, 504 Sucking-magnet, 385 Sulphur as depolarizer, 185 Sulphuretted hydrogen, iron nega- tive to copper in, 80 Svlzer's experiment, 254 Supply meters, 442 Surface contact, 12 density of charge, 38, 273 limit of, 273 of magnetism, 134, 337 Surgical applications, 258 Susceptibility, 365 Suspended-coil galvanometers, 216 Swammerdam's frog experiment, 255 Swan's incandescent lamp, 452 Symmer, on two kinds of electri- fication, 5 Synchronizing, 479 Tait, Peter Guthrie, electrifica- tion by evaporation of sul- phate of copper solution, 71 heating of iron electrode, 433 thermo-electric diagram, 424 Tangent galvanometer, 212 of angle of lag, 473 Tapper, 498 Taste affected by current, 254 Telegraph, electric, 497 Bain's chemical, 246 Morse's instrument, 499 Telegraph, needle instrument, 498 Telegraphy, diplex, 503 duplex, 503 quadruplex, 503 submarine, 504 Telephone, Philipp Reis's, 510 currents of, 255 Dolbear's, 299, 511 Edison's (carhoxi), 511 Graham Bell's (articulating), 510 Varley's (condenser), 299, 511 Exchanges, 513 Temperature affects resistance, 194, 404 affected by resistance, 426 efiect on length of spark, 313, 314 of the arc, 448 Tempering of steel, 108 " Tension, electric, 13, 16, 20, 22, 24, 63, 273 (footnote), 279, 299, 311, 525 Terquem, A., parrot -cage experi- ment, 34 Terrestrial Magnetism, 95, 150, 361, 365 Test for weak currents (chemical), 246, 316 for weak currents (physiologi- cal), 255 Testing for faults, 502 Tetanization produced by inter- rui)ted currents, 256 Theories of Electricity, 7, 327, and preface, ix ^ Theories of Magnetism, 99, 126 ,, Ampere's, 398 „ Swing's, 127 ,, Maxwell's, 126 WeJier's, 126, 127 Theory of Electrolysis, Grotthuss's and Clausius's, 491 Theory of Earth's magnetism, 161 of Light, 518 Thermo-electric currents, \hq .-.q Thermo-electricity, |<», 4i» Thermo-electric Diagram, 424 Thermo-electromotive Series, 424 Thermopile, 425 Thompson, Silvanus Phillips, on mag- netic figures due to currents, 202, 389 on positive and negative states, 327 on opacity of tourmaline, 518 Thomson, Joseph J., on Contact Electricity, 81 INDEX 625 The Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Thom^riy Joseph J., on conductivity of gases, 822 Thomson, Sir William (see Kelvin, Lord) effect, 424 TJixmson, Elihu, his meter, 442 on alternate-current magnets, 477 on welding, 433 Thomsoh- Houston dynamos, 468, 478 Thorpe and Riicker, magnetic survey, 154 Three-wire system, 453 Thunder, 11, 331 Thunderstorms, 329 Theory of, 330 Time-constant, 460 Tinfoil Condensers, 55, 302 Tivoli, transmission of power from, 447 Toepler, A., his Influence Machine, 51 Tongs, Discharging, 59 Torpedo (electric fish), 76, 246 Torpedoes, fuzes for firing, 316, 432 Torque, 136 Torque of motor, 444 Torsion affected by magnetization, 124 Torsion Balance, or \ Coulomb's, Torsion Electrometer, ) 18, 132 Torsion method, 209, 210 Tourmaline, 74, 324, 518 Transformers, 228, 480 for vacuum tubes, 820 Transmission of power, 447, 479 Tri-phase, 485 Trolley wheel for tramcars, 446 rroii;bruffire,on magnetization at - 100° C, 111 Tube of force, 337 (g) Tuning-fork method, 418 Two-fluid cells, 181 theory, 7 Two kinds of Electrification, 5, 6 ,, Magixetic poles, 89 Tyndall, John, diamagnetic polarity, 372 magne-crystallic action, 373 Ultka-gaskods matter, 321 Ultra-violet waves, 313 discharge by, 531 effect on metal, 531 Unit, Board of Trade, 440, 488 Unit jar, 285 Units and standards, Board of Trade (see Appendix B) electromagnetic, 352 et seq. electrostatic, 283 et seq. fundamental and derived, 281, 282 ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic, 262 (foot- note), 283, 359 Unipolar Machines, 469 Universal Discharger, 62 Unvarying magnets, 110 Upward, his cell, 193 Ure, Dr., on animal electricity, 255 "v,"359. 518 Vacuum, induction takes place through, 64, 96, 97 partial, spark in, 11, 320 spark will not pass through, 813, 321 tubes, 820, 321 "Variation," the (see Declination) Variation of Declination and Dip, annual, 157 diurnal, 156 geographical, 151, 154 secular, 155 of electrification of the atmo- sphere, 885 Varley, Cromwell Fleetwood, his gal- vanometer, 316 on capacity of polarization, 492 telegraph, 497 Varley, Samuel Alfred, his telephone, 299, 510 early dynamo, 462 Vegetables, Electricity of, 77 carnivorous, sensitiveness of, 256 Velocity of discharge, 823 of light, 359, 518 of electric waves, 518 of rubbing, electrification de- pends on, 73 resistance as a, 357 VerdeVs constant, 526 Vibration produces Electrification, 67 Vibrator for measuring capacity, 418 Villari, Emilia, effect of tension, 364 Violet waves (see Ultra-violet) Virtual volts and amperes, 471 Vitreous electricity, 5 Volt, 169, 354 2 S 626 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Tlw Numbers refer to the Numbered Paragraphs. Volta, Alessandro, his Electrophorus, 26 Condensing Electroscope, 79 Contact Series, 80 Crown of Cups, 165 on Atmospheric Electricity, 334 on Contact Electricity, 79, 163 on Electric Expansion, 300 on Electrification due to coni- bustion, 70 Subjective Sounds due to Cur- rent, 254 Volta's Law, 80, 163, 170 Voltaic Pile, 164 Voltaic Electricity (see Current Elec- tricity) arc; 448 battery, 168, 178 ; pile, 164 cell, simple, 166 Voltameter, 242, 243, 244, 487 Voltmeter, 220 Cardew's, 430 electrostetic, 290 Voss machine, 51 Walker, Gbarles V., used sulphur in cell, 185 Warburg, E., on hysteresis, 368 Water, Electrolysis of, 235, 487 Water-dropping, discharge by, 334 Watt, the, 354, 435 Wattmeter, 438 Watts, true and apparent, 475 Waves, electric, 515 Weber, the, 354 Weber, Wilhdm, the Electro-dyna- mometer, 394 on diamagnetic polarity, 372 evaluation of ohm, 358 of "v," 359 theory of magnetism, 126, 127 i Welding, 433 I Weston, Edward, voltmeter, 220 i standard cell, 188 temperature coefficient of i alloys, 404 i Wheatstone, Sir Charles, on the brush discharge, 319 Automatic Telegraph, 497 I Dynamo - electric Machines, 462 on supposed velocity of elec- , tricity, 323 ! JF^eaistorie's Bridge or Balance, i 413 I Whirls, magnetic, 202, 389 Wiedemann, Gustav, on effect of I magnetism on torsion, 124 diamagnetism. 370 (footnote) I Wilde, Henry, Dynaino- electric Machine, 462 I Wilcke, A., electrophorus, 26 (foot- ! note) i Wimshurst, James, Influence ma- chine, 52 Wind, electric, 47, 324 ! Winding of electromagnets, 375 etsef^., I 385, 386 (and see page 5S9) Window, aluminium, 321 i Wohler's cell, 193 Wollaston's Battery, 180 I Work by conductor cutting lines, 339 Wroblewski, resistance of, at low tem- peratures, 404 Zamboni's Dry Pile, 10, 193, 291 I Zanotti, experiment on grasshopper, 255 Zero Potential, 40, 264 Zero of temperature, resistance near, 404 Zinc as fuel, 166 THE END Printed by R, & R. Clark, Limited, Edinbiirgh- MACMILLAN & CO.'S SCIENCE CLASS BOOKS. Adapted to the South Kensington Syllabuses. Practical Planeand Solid Greometry for Elementary Students. By J. Harrison, M.I.M.E., etc. New Edition, 1903, revised. 2s. 6d. 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