None
Ficker, 202 ; Disposition of undis- tributed fixed expense, 204; Prob- lem of the manager. 206 ; Dis*-iba- tion of, 219-24; R68um§ of, 224- 28 Expense or Burden, Allocating. 30; General classification of expense, 31; Character of, 93- 93 ; Expense fluctuation with vol- ume of business, 95 ; Variation- of, due to time, 96; Expense variation with character and size of work, 98; Clerical and selling expense, 99 ; Two purijoses of expense dis- tribution, 101; Classifying expense factors, 101; Theoretical considera- tion of interest and rent. 104; Practical consideration of interest and rent. 106; Interest on owned capital, 107; Taxes and insurance, 110 ; Defective material and spoiled work, 110; Lost time, 112; En- gineering and development, 113; Patterns, drawings, and small tools, 116; Special apparatus, 117; Improvements and repairs, 118; Inclusion of burden in cost of re- pairs. 120; Plant ledger, 121; Sun- dry expenses, 123 ; Character of general expense, 124; Cost of wel- fare work, 124; N. T. Ficker, 202; Current ideas of expense, 260; True nature of expense, 261; Analysis of sources of expense, 262; Usefulness of expense, 264; Limiting ex]>en8e, 265 See Factory Expense, Distribution of; Costs. Predetermination of — Ex- pense Factory Costs, Elements of. 32 Factory Expense, Distribution of. In general, 148; Distribution by per- centage on material cost, 150; Ad- vantages and defects, 151; Distri- bution by percentage on labor cost, 153 ; Advantages and defects of, 153 ; Distribution by percentage OB 510 INDEX prime cost, 156-58; Distribution by percentage on man-hours. 158- 60; Inadequacy of methods of, 161; Relation between machine proTPSses and expense, 163 ; Old machine rate, 165-70; Alexander Hamilton Church, 170, 173; Sup- plementary rate, 170; Fixed and variable exjiense, 202 See Production Centers and Supple- mentary Rate; Expense Distribu- tion. Volume of Work and FIcker, N. T., Expense, 202 Foundry, Costs of, 294; Stores system of. 294; r:it>racnls of costs, 295; General expense, 297 Issuing and Evaluating Material, In general. 59; Requisitions by foreman, 60 ; Planning production in advance, 61 ; Specifying the ma- terials, 62 ; Production orders, 64 ; Instructions to storekeeper, 66; Emergency requisitions, 67; Requi- sitioning indirect material, 68; Valuation of issued material, 69 ; Value of materials in process, 71 ; Value of finished parts, 72 ; Value of finished stock and product, 73 ; Material wastes, 74 Job Tickets, 82 Gantt, H, li., Expense Distribution, 86, 200 General Accounts and Cost Accounts, 11, 2-16-50 General Expenses, 124 GUbreth, Frank, 277 Heating Factor in Expense, 181 Identification of Costs, See Costs, Identification of Improvements and Repairs, 118 Inadequacy, in Cost of Production, 131 Indexing Cost Summaries, 245 Industrial Data, Value of. 278 Industry, Importance of cost finding to, 5; Fundamental branches of, 18; De- partments not fully developed, 19; Departmentization of, 20 Industry, Division of, Continuous |)"rocess industries, 42; Intermittent process industries, 44; Coml)ined intermittent and continu- ous factories, 44 Industry, Four essential branches of, 17 Insurance and Taxes, 110 Instructions to Storekeeper, 66 Interest and Bent, Theoretical consideration of, 104; Practical consideration of, 106; Interest on owned capital, 107 Intermittent- Fxocess Industries, 44, 298 Labor and Material Cards, 236 Labor Costs, Evaluation of, Distribution of exjiense by percentage on, 153; Reduction of, 258; Con- trol of, day rate, 272; Control of, piece rate, 273 ; Control under ad- vanced wage systems, 274 See Evaluation of Labor Costs Labor, Direct and indirect, 30 Labor, Division of, 16 Land-Building Factor, in Expense, 178 Ledger, General, 39; Subsidiary, 40; Plant, 121; Cost, 233 Ligbting Factor in Expense, 180 Lost Time, 112 Machine Bate, of Expense, Old, 164, Modern, 165-72; Diffi- culties and errors in ai>i)lying, 192 Management and Supervision Factor in Expense, 182 Man-Hours Expense, Distribution of, 158 Manufacturing Costs, Elements of, 32 Material, Direct and indirect, 29; Issuing and evaluating, 59—77; Specifying, 62; Requisitioning indirect, 68; Valua- tion of issued material, 69; Value in proce.ss of fabrication, 71 ; Wastes, 74 ; Defective material and spoiled work, 110; Distribution of ex))ense by percentage on material costs, 150; Labor and material costs, 236; Material cost sheet, 239; Reduction of cost, 257; Pre- determination ef material costs, 272 INDEX Sll Material. Tssnln? and Evalnatisg. See Issuing anil Kvuluating Material Mnemonic Symbols, Use of. 51 ; Comparison with number systems. 56 Monthly Statement, Example of. 26 Motion- Study. 277 Obsolescence, In expense, 131 Orders, Production, 64 Organization Factor in Expense, 181 Patterns, Use of, 116 Piece Rate, 273 Planning. Production, in advance, 61 Plant Ledger, IJl Power Factor in Expense, 179 Predetermination of Costs, See Costs, I'ri'dt termination of Predicting Performance, 230; See Costs, Pri-dctormiDation of Ma- terials and Labor Process Costs, 211 Continuous process, 211; Detail proc- ess, 212; More refined, 213; Diffi- culties of jirocess accounting, 215; De])artmeDtization according to processes, 222 Frodnction, Four divisions of, 12 ; Planning in advance, 61 Production Centers and Supplemen- tary Bate, General jirinciples of, 173; A. Hamil- ton Churcli. 173; Application to actual conditions, 175; Production factors. 176; Arrangement of pro- duction centers, 177; Land build- ing factor, 178; Power factor, 179; Lighting factor. 180; Heat- ing factor. 181 ; Organization factor. 181; Management and supervision factor, 182; Stores and transiKirtation factor, 183; Indi- vidual factors, 184; Controlling accounts, Itsa ; Assembling of pro- duction factors, 185; Sterling Bunnell, 187; Difficulties and er- rors in applying machine rates, 192 Frodnction Factors, 176-84; Assem- bling of, 186 Production Orders, 64 Productive Industry, Divisions of, 12 Bates, Qf depreciation, 144; Old machine, 164; Modern machine, 165; Difll- culties and errors in applying modern machine rates, 192 Bent and Interest, Theoretical consideration of, 104; Practical consideration of, 106 Bepairs, Imi)rovement8 and. 118; Inclusion 6f burden in cost of, 120 ; Relation between depreciation and, 132 Beqnisitlons, Issuing and evaluating material, 59— 77; By foremen, 60; Indirect ma- terial. 68 Besldual or Scrap Value, 136 Bevenue Account and Capital Account) Losses on, 128 Scrap Value, Residual value. 136. 137; Fixing th« rate of depreciation, 138—45 Selling Expenses, 99, 218 Sinking Fund, 141 SpoUed Work, 110 Standard Performances, 279 Storekeeper, Instructions to, 66 Stores and Transportation Factor in Expense, I8;i Subsidiary Ledgers, Formation of, 40 Sundry Expenses, 123 Supplementary Bate, 170, A. Hamilton Church on, 170; Gen- eral principles, 173; Errors in costs under the supplementary rate, 199 See Production Centers and Sapple- mentary Rate Symbols, Mnemonic, 51 Taxes and Insurance, 110 Taylor, F. W., Time study, 278 Time, Recording, In labor costs, 78 See Evaluation of Labor Costs Time-study, 275 Tools, Use of, 116; Special, 117; Special toots in determination of costs. 286 Total Costs, Elements of, 32 ; Adding profit to, 34 Traveling Timekeeper, 81 Valuation, of Material, See Issuing and Evaluating Material Values, Original, present and scrap, 188 312 INDEX Wage Systems, Labor costs, 78-92; Recording time by checkboard, 78; Time record- ers, 79; Traveling timekeeper, 81; Job tickets, 82; H. L. Gantt, 86; Summarizing time and labor re- turns, 88; Control of labor costs, day rate, 272; Labor cost control mnder advanced wage systems, 274; Time study, 275; F. W. Tay- lor plan, 276; Motion study, 277; Frank Gilbreth, 277; Industrial data, 278; Standard performance, 279; Advanced v/age systems, 28X See Factory Expense, Distribution of Wear and Tear, Rate of depreciation, 129 Welfare Work, Cost of, 124 Work, Effect of volume on expense dis- tribution vSee Expense Distribution, Volume of Work and THE-PLIMPTON-PRESS NORWOOD-MASS-O-S-A i- nUEon the' Library Graduate Sch-ol of Business Administration University of California Los Angeles 24, California UNI CAL,. LIBRARY. 