None
film of material should be thin and evenly distributed in order that the effect of the stain may be uniform throughout. This is particularly desirable when staining with Gram. If differentiation in staining is not necessary, Loeffler's methylene blue or the carbol-fuchsin stain will usually give satisfaction for all bacteria found in the eye except tubercle and leprosy bacilli. Loeffler's Methylene Blue. — Saturated solution of methylene blue in alcohol, 30 c.c. Solution of caustic potash in sterile distilled water, 0.01 per cent., 100 c.c. A few drops of this solution are placed on the pre- pared film on the coverglass or slide, and allowed to remain a few min- utes. The film is then washed in water (under the tap) and examined in water, or the film may be dried and mounted in oil or balsam. Fuchsin Stain. — i 1$ — Distilled water 10 c.c. Ziehl's1 carbol-fuchsin 10 to 20 gtt. Stain a few seconds to one minute. Wash in water. If intensely stained, treat with very dilute acetic acid. Afterward wash well with water. 1 Ziehl's solution: Fuchsin, 1; absolute alcohol, 10; carbolic acid, 5; distilled water, 100. STAINING 9n For photomicrography fuchsin gives better results than methylene blue. Nicolle's Thionin Stain. — Morax recommends the following for the Koch- Weeks bacillus and for other microorganisms that stain badly : The nuclei stain blue, the bacteria reddish. I^ — -Thionin, sat. sol., in 50 per cent, alcohol 10 Carbolic acid, 1 per cent, watery solution 100 Stain one-half to one minute. Wash in water. Gram Stain. — This is very valuable as a means of differentiation. Axenfeld employs it as follows : After fixation of the smear — 1. Stain for twenty-five seconds in the following solution: I^ — 5 per cent, watery sol. gentian violet1 88 parts Ol. anilin pur 2 parts Abs. alcohol 10 parts Filter before using. 2. Wash with water. 3. Iodine in potassium iodide solution (1 to 2 to 300) fifteen seconds; the preparation must take on a dark-brown tint. Then, without washing, 4. Decolorize with absolute alcohol until no color washes out. 5. Wash in water. 6. Counterstain with 5 per cent, watery safranin or weak fuchsin for five seconds. 7. Thoroughly wash with, water, dry, and examine in water, oil, or Canada balsam.2 The following precautions should be observed: (a) In staining with Gram the preparation film should be uniformly thin. (6) The whole film should be rapidly covered with the stain. (c) Do not overdo the iodine. (d) Wash away the alcohol thoroughly with water. (e) Avoid overstaining with the contrast dye. Wash thoroughly after contrast staining. In order to control the stain it is of value to place on the slide or cover- glass a very small area of Gram positive microorganisms — fresh culture 1 Loeffler (Deutsch. med. Woch., 1906, page 1244) states that methyl violet 6B or BN, dissolved in 1 to 2.5 per cent, carbolic acid in a proportion of 1 to 10, gives better results. 2 Another commonly used modification is the Gram stain according to Czaplewski : 1. One minute in carbol gentian (sat. alcoholic sol. of gentian violet, 50 c.c. ; 5 per cent, carbolic acid watery sol., 50 c.c.; aq. dest., 50 c.c.). 2. Wash. 3. Thirty to sixty seconds in Lugol's solution (iod., 1; pot. iod., 2.; aq., 300). 4. Wash; dry with filter-paper. 5. Differentiate in anilin xylol (2 to 1 +1.5 per cent, acetone). 6. Wash in xylol; dry in air. 7. Counterstain for one minute in carbol-glycerin-fuchsin (1 gm. fuchsin triturated with 5 c.c. of ac. carbol. liq., 50 c.c. glycerin, and 100 c.c. aq. dest.). 8. Wash and dry. Should differentiation be difficult, carefully add 1 drop of alcohol to the anilin zylol. Fibrin and richly nucleated structures are more easily differentiated if the material be spread on the slide with water. 912 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS FOR DIAGNOSIS of staphylococcus. The conduct of the microorganisms studied to Gram can be readily compared to that of the added microorganisms. The Gram positive microorganisms of interest in ophthalmology are: Most of the sarcinse; Staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci; Bacilli of the diphtheria and subtilis group; Bacillus perfringens (Chaillous) ; Aspergillus fumigatus, streptothrix, and actinomyces. Gram negative are: Bacilli of Koch- Weeks and Pfeiffer (L. Miiller, influenza) ; Diplobacilli of Morax-Axenfeld and Petit; The colon group; Gonococcus, meningococcus, micrococcus catarrhalis; Bacillus pyocyaneus; Group of Friedlander's pneumobacillus.1 Spirochaeta Pallida. — This supposed cause of syphillis has been found in the fluid drawn from the anterior chamber in acute iritis,2 in the cornea in keratomalacia in syphilitic children (Stephenson), and in the cornea of prematurely born syphilitic children (Stock, Romer, and others). It has also been found in all the other tissues of the eye except the lens. Accord- ing to Schaudinn the Spirochseta pallida is between 10 and 15 /* in length (by the silver method still longer spirals can be found), and of an even breadth of only £ /*. The ends are pointed and have each a cilium. The coils are sharp, regular, short, and about 1 u long.3 Giemsa's Method of Staining. — Giemsa solution for Romanowski stain, 1 to l£ drops; water containing 1 to 10 drops of y^nnj- potassium carbonate, 1 c.c. Mix fresh every time and stain from fifteen minutes to one hour or more; wash rapidly, dry, and mount. In a successful film the nuclei of the leukocytes are dark red, the Spirochaeta pallida is light red, the other spirochsetas bluish. (Grubler, of Leipzig, prepares and sends out under the name " Giemsalosung f iir die Romanowskyfarbung" the eosin-azur dye, the exact constituents of which can therefore be omitted.) Preiss' Rapid Method. — Mix twenty drops of Giemsa solution with 10 c.c. of distilled water; divide into three parts; pour one-third over the preparation and heat it high above the flame until steam forms; pour away the stain and repeat with each of the other thirds of the solution; wash with water. Good preparations can thus be obtained in from four to five minutes. Silver Method of Levaditi for Sections.4 — The tissue is cut into small pieces (the anterior part of the eye can be treated as a whole) which are taken either direct into 96 per cent, alcohol or first into 10 per cent. 1 For a complete discussion of the staining of the bacteria of the eye, see Axenfeld and MacNab, English edition, 1908, page 5. * Zur Nedden, Heidel. Congress, 1906. 3 Full details of the appearances and the differential diagnosis are to be found in the monograph by E. Hoffmann, "Die Aetiologie d. Syphilis," Berlin, 1906 (J. Spinger). 4 Ann, de 1'Jnst. Pasteur, 1906, xx, p. 1, STAINING 913 formalin for a few days, and then, after washing with distilled water, placed in alcohol for twenty-four hours. From alcohol they are placed in distilled water until they sink, and then in a dark vessel in the oven in 2 per cent, nitrate of silver for three days (according to Gierke, better 1.5 per cent, for eight days). Wash with distilled water and put into the following developing solution for forty-eight hours: pyrogallic acid, 4; formol, 5; distilled water, 100; embed in paraffin and cut in series. The spirocha;tse appear black, with short and variable spirals and pointed ends; occasionally one end divides. Heim recommends Hoffmann's modification. The pieces of tissue, after fixation in alcohol and formol, are suspended by linen threads in a freshly prepared mixture of 90 c.c. of 1.5 per cent, nitrate of silver and 10 c.c. purest pyridin. In this they remain for three hours cold and then three hours in the paraffin oven at 45° C. in a dark glass-stoppered bottle. The developing solution must be freshly prepared, thus: Mix 90 c.c. of 4 per cent, pyrogallol with 10 c.c. of pure acetone and add 15 c.c. pyridin to 85 c.c. of the mixture. In this the pieces remain cold over night. Rapid paraffin embedding. Contrast-staining with polychrome methylene blue is possible. All glass dishes must be thoroughly cleansed with ether and alcohol and the solu- tions must be fresh. Trachoma Body Stain. — To stain the trachoma body of Halberstadter arid Prowazek a number of methods have been employed with good results. Technique. — Coverglass dried in the air, fixed in absolute alcohol, twenty to thirty minutes. The coverglass is permitted to float on the surface of the freshly prepared stain, film surface down, six to nine hours, at a temperature of 37° C. (If the temperature is kept at 50° C. the time is reduced to three hours.) Stain. — Giemsa's eosin solution (2.5 c.c. 1 per cent. French eosin in 500 c.c. distilled water), 12 parts; azur I (1 to 1000), 3 parts; azur II (0.8 to 1000), 3 parts. After staining the films are washed in distilled water, dried in the air, and mounted in cedar oil. Wright's stain for blood films may be employed.1 This is a very short process. The Benda Heidenhain iron hematoxylin stain may also be used. In preparing sections the tissue mass should be hardened in alcohol, embedded, and cut in paraffin. The staining process is by either of the above methods. Decolorize in absolute alcohol if the stain is too deep. Mount in cedar oil if the Giemsa stain is used, in balsam if Wright's or the Benda Heidenhain stain is employed. J Spe Mallory and Wright, Pathological Technique, page 372. 58 DESCRIPTION AND SOME OP THE CULTURE CHARACTERISTICS OP THE PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS OF THE EYE. (MODIFIED FROM AXENFELD). su3 jo uoi^onpojj + + | 1 + + I •uot^Topu! + 4-) + |JP 1 g% |t|t o 5 jljaj || 1 •^uauidojaAap ajodg 1 + + + o 6^ paguBqa 72, 12 "^ ^5^3^3^3 1 32 *o 'o "5 JM <3 o3 j3 ^ -*< -f< ^ M Jtf ^ WJ.M <r* ^ *S -<J  ptoy i i -2 • 1 1 JS • ft *— + ll+^l ++ ++ + + + + +I+ 4-+^g co^o ffl^o  | | B 5 03 | +++ •+ + + +: + ,,™WI (N (N TH 1-1 I-H —IN •raooj  O 1 1 1 + + +!_ + ,n-,o ||||H. 1 III •.,,.^ 1 ! l| + 1 | J O c co " o TH CO O"5OW5CO CMfflO ONffl r)<OSO O "SCO °d ® d O CO I-H CO I-H CO' 1-1 CO" d d •* i-< M IN d ffl O! CO' 1-1 "5 T INT T II 1 1 llffl IIIOOlTfflO 1 W* 1 US . . OO d 1-H C'l <— ^ 1— 1 O OOO . 1— 1 O rH . O O I"1 .CO ,l—IO . . I" ' O Name and bacteria. ^ N "SQW^C« _^ tn^ cn^cOjjcc tn tn 03.^3 ^-v w o w eS 1-1 (N CO' ^ "5 ffl t-' OO" OS- d rH (N CO' Tt< U5 -c ._c £-8:1 l S. < O MQ O pq ;g  °*, ( i-C iH CO IN i-l + 5? + + + + _o_o _o ^ 0 LCJO CO  U5 »-! U9 ^" --• Q L I L L I I4? I i , ' il!|,l|! !I QT3«. qcO Jjj^, 0^0 s (N CO f' >O CO CO CO « INDEX. ABDUCENS, 38, 41 paralysis, 736 Abduction, 730 Aberration, 94 chromatic, 94, 702 in refraction, 699 spherical, 14 Ablepharia, 155 Abrasion of cornea, 305 Abscess of conjunctiva, 254 of cornea, 280 of eyelids, 160 of lachrymal sac, 203 of orbit, 624 Acanthosis nigricans, 169 Accessory sinuses, relation of disease of, to eye, 641 Accommodation, 100, 660 absolute, 664 amplitude of, 660, 663 binocular, 664 catoptric images in, 661 degree of, 662 mechanism of, 660 paralysis of, 679. power of, 660, 662 range of, 660, 663 reaction of iris in, 123 region of, 664 relative, 666 Accommodative asthenopia, 562 Achorion Schonleinnii, 187 Achromatopsia, 527 hysterical, 569 Acne of conjunctiva, 260 rosacea of cornea, 300 Acoin as a local anesthetic, 778 Acromegaly, cause of disease of optic chiasm, 526 eye affections due to, 773 Actinomyces, 209 Actinomycosis of lachrymal sac, 209 of orbit, 640 Adduction, 730 Adenocarcinoma of eyelids, 183 of lachrymal gland, 199 Adenoids, relation of, to eye, 641 Adenoma of conjunctiva, 259 of eyelids, 177 of lachrymal gland, 199 Adenosarcoma of lachrymal gland, 199 Advancement operations, 886 After-cataract, 590 After-images, 424 Agar serum, 909 Agoraphobia, amblyopia associated with, 535 Albuminuric retinitis, 443 in pregnancy, 450 Alcohol, methyl, 554 Alcohol-tobacco amblyopia, 546 Alexia, developmental, 533 Alopecia of eyelids, 186 Amaurosis, 527, 544, 568 hysterical, 568 toxic, 544 Amaurotic family idiocy, 488 Amblyopia, alcohol-tobacco, 546 amaurosis, and hemianopsia with- out intra-ocular inflammatory changes, 527 astigmic, 527 cachexia, 560 color, 527 congenital, 527 due to acetanilid, 559 to alcohol, 544 to antifebrin, 559 to arsenic, 558 to aspidium, 557 to atoxyl, 551 to calabar bean, 560 to cannabis indica, 551 to carbolic acid, 560 to carbon and chloride of sul- phur, 541 to chloral hydrate, 560 to coal-tar products, 559 to cocaine, 560 to coffee, 553 to copper, 553 to curare, 560 to ergot, 558 to exposure to cold, 537 to filix-mas, 557 to hasheesh, 551 to iodoform, 550 to ioduret and thiuret, 550 to iaborandi, 560 to lead, 551 to leukomains, 560 to male fern, 557 to mercury, 559 to meta-arsen-anilid, 559 918 INDEX Amblyopia due to methyl alcohol, 554 to muscarine, 560 to nitrite of amyl, 559 to nitrobenzol and dinitrobenzol, .>551 to oil of wintergreen, 558 to opium, 560 to osmic acid, 560 to phosphorus, 559. Asthenopia, 562 accommodative, 562 hysteria and, 562 muscular, 563 neurasthenic, 563 fatigue field of vision in, 564 Rosenbach's phenomenon in, 563 treatment of, 565 reflex, 567 retinal, 566 tarsal, 566 Astigmia, 102, 646, 648 against the rule, 674 axis of, 674 corneal, 648 dynamic, 648 hyperopic, 673 irregular, 648, 673, 700 lenticular, 648 mixed, 673 Astigmia, myopic, 673 postoperative, 648 regular, 103, 648 simple, 673 static, 648 varieties of, 673 with the rule, 674 Astigmic amblyopia, 527 charts, 692, 693 Asymmetry, chromatic, 61 Atheroma, cause of visual defects, 520 Atresia of canaliculi, 201 Atrophy of chorioid, 372 gyrate, 464 of conjunctiva, 251 of eyelashes and eyebrows, 187 of lachrymal gland, 199 of optic nerve, 516 secondary, 522 of retina, gyrate, 464 of retinal bloodvessels, 442 sclerosis of corneal margin and, 300 Atropine, 125, 682 Avulsio bulbi, 514 Avulsion of globe, 630 Axes of astigmia, asymmetrical, 675 heterologous, 675 homologous, 675 symmetrical, 674 Axial myopia, 649 peculiarities in refraction, 646 Axis of astigmia, 674 of a lens, 103 primary optic, 95 optical, 664 B BACILLUS of glanders, entrance of, through conjunctiva, 250 Koch- Weeks, 225 mucosus capsulatus, 250 pyocyaneus ulcer, 275 subtilis conjunctivitis, 250 ulceris corneip, 267 Zur Nedden's, 267 Bacteria, cultivation of, 908 Bacterial examination before operation, 774 Bacterium coli conjunctivitis, 250 Bandages after operation, 776 Bar reading test for binocular vision, 732 Beriberi, eye affections due to, 766 Bifocal lenses, 706 Binocular diplopia, 715 fixation, 709 anomalies of, 709 field of, 728 tests of, 724 movements of eyeball, 721 single vision, 713 field of, 729 law of, 715 vision, tests of, 727, 732 Bitemporal hemianopsia, 540 Blastomycosis of eyelids, 175 920 INDEX Blennorrhcea, acute, 229 of lachrymal sac, 205 Blepharitis marginalis, 166 squamosa, 167. ulcerosa, 167 vaccine, 165 Blepharochalasis, 176 Blepharophimosis, 191 Blepharoplasty, 798 Dieffenbach's method, 798 Everbusch's method, 798 Knapp's method, 798 Landolt's method, 798 Blepharospasm, 192 fibrillary, 193 hysterical clonic, 568 senile, 193 Blind spot, Mariotte's, 141 enlargement of, 144 Blindness caused by aneurism pressing on optic nerve, 520 due to anemia caused by hemorrhage, 433 of one or both eyes, condition of pupil in, 347 without intra-ocular inflammatory manifestations, 527 Blood serum, Loffler's, 909 Blood-staining of cornea, 306 Blood-vessel formation in vitreous, 605 Blood-vessels, atrophy of retinal, 442 in optic-nerve atrophy, 521 preretinal, 439 Blue vision, 537 Bone beneath conjunctiva, 211 ethmoid, 31 formation in chorioid, 375 frontal, 30 lachrymal, 31 malar, 30 palate, 31 sphenoid, 31 Botryomyces, 176 Botryomycosis of eyelids, 175 Bowman's lachrymal probes, 207 Brain disease, diagnostic value of choked disk in, 508 reaction in, 123 Bright's disease, cause of papillitis, 501 Bulbar paralysis, eye-symptoms accom- - panying, 760 Buller's eye shield, 232 Buphthalmos, 304, 419 Burns of conjunctiva, 255 of cornea, 307 eyelids, 184 CACHEXIA amblyopia, 560 strumipriva, 772 Calcareous deposits on papilla, 524 Calcification of sclera, 316 Canal of Cloquet, 70 persistent, 597 lachrymal, 28, 50, 53, 195 Canal, Schlemm's, 34, 58 Canaliculse, 28, 52 Canaliculi, anomalies of, 195 atresia of, 201 stenosis of, 201 Cancer of eyelids, 182 Rontgen rays in treatment of, 183 Cannulse, lachrymal, 209 Canthoplasty, 792 Canthotomy, 792 Can thus, external, 43 internal, 43 Capsular cataract, 577, 579, 590 Capsule forceps, 837 lens, 21, 67, 843 anatomy of, 34, 67 development of, 21 Tenon's, 34, 46 Capsulotomy, 843 Carcinoma of chorioid, metastatic, 381 of ciliary body, 356 of eyelids, 182 of optic nerve, metastatic, 522 of orbit, 638 Cardinal directions of gaze, 720 Caries of orbit, 621 Cartilage in chorioid, 374 Caruncle, 260 affections of, 261 Cataract, 575 accompanying retinitis pigment osa, 584" skin disease, 587 acquired, 580 albuminuric, 586 axial lenticular, 580 black, 583 capsular, 590 anterior, 577 polar, 577 posterior polar, 579 secondary, 590 chorioidal, 580 complicated, 580 or secondary, 584 congenital, 577 consecutive, 584 cortical, 580 diabetic, 585 diffuse, 577 discission in, 855 extraction of , 846 after-treatment in, 850 iridectomy preliminary to, 851 of lens and its capsule in, 851 linear, 850 Major Smith's method of, 852 operation on lens capsule after, 860 by suction, 853 with iridectomy, 841 hypermature, 581 immature, 580 incipient, 580, 591 inflammatory, 589 , INDEX 921 Cataract knives, 836 lamellar, 575 mature, 580. Morgagnian, 590 naphthaline, 588 nuclear, 580 occupation, 588 operations for, accidents occurring after, 857 in, 847 antisepsis in, 833 combined, 841 incision in, 839 partial, 591 primary, 580 progressive, treatment of, 593 punctate, 577 pyramidal, 577 raphanic, 587 reclination in, 854 result of ergot-poisoning, 587 of sea-sickness, 587 of systemic poisoning, 587 ripening of, artificial, 859 secondary, 584 after cataract extraction, 590 treatment of, 593 senile, 580 simple, 580 senile, course of, 583 etiology of, 580 pathology of, 581 symptoms of, 582 stellate, 589 symptomatic, 585 toxic, 587 traumatic, 588 zonular, 575 Cataracta fluida, 590 lactea,-590 nigra, 583 Catarrh of conjunctiva, Saemisch, 214 Catophoria, 711 Catotropia, 712 Cellulitis of orbit, 622 Centrad, 91 Centres, primary subcortical optical, 86 Cerebrospinal meningitis, eye-symptoms accompanying, 762 Cervical sympathetic nerve, resection of, 418, 831 Chalamydozoan, 220 Chalazion, 170 forceps, 170 operation for removal of, 780 Chancroid of eyelids, 174 Channels, lymph, 34 Chart for plotting the location of foreign bodies in eye and orbit, 878 Chiasm, optic, 411 anatomy of, 84 diseases of, 526 Chicken-pox, eye symptoms accompany- ing, 762 Chloroma of orbit, 634 Chlorosis, cause of papillitis, 501 Chlorosis, eye affections due to, 766 Choked disk, 503 diagnostic importance of, 508 pathology of, .506 symptoms of, 503 Cholera, eye symptoms accompanying, 762 Chorea, eye symptoms accompanying, 759 Choriocapillaris, 27, 64 Chorioid, 359 anatomy of, 63 angiocavernoma of, 360, 376 angioma of, 376 anomalies of, 359 atrophy of, 372, 464 bone formation in, 375 calcareous deposits in, 375 cartilage in, 37-1 coloboma of, 359 crescentic defects of, 373 detachment of, 373, 858 diseases of, 360 effects of uveitis on, 386 examination of, 133 excrescences of, 375 in glaucoma, 410 hyperemia of, 360 leprosy of, 371 leukosarcoma of, 377 melanosarcoma of, 377 metastatic carcinoma of, 381 multiple pedunculated polypoid gran- ulation tumors of, 376 myoma of, 376 in myopia, 656 plexiform neuroma of, 376 retina and, gyrate atrophy of, 464 retinitis proliferans accompanying atrophy of, 374 rupture of, 374 sarcoma of, 376 diagnosis of, 380 metastatic, 381 treatment of, 381 tumors of, 376 wounds of, 374 Chorioidal cataract, 580 ring or crescent, 134 Chorioid itis, 360 areolaris, 366 centralis, 366 diffuse, 362 disseminate, 363 embolic, 367 guttate, 366 hemorrhagic, 371 metastatic embolic, 367 plastic embolic, 367 posterior staphyloma accompanying, 372 senile, superficial, 373 serofibrinous, 360 suppurative, 368 tubercular, 370 Chorioretinilis, circumscribed, 467 922 INDEX Chorioretinitis, diffuse, 466 macular, 466 pigmentosa, 374 syphilitic, 361, 466 Chromatometers, 152 Chromatophotometer. Chibert's, 152 Chromatopsia produced by certain drugs, 560 Chromidrosis, 173 Cicatrix, cystoid, 415 Cilia, 44 Ciliary body, 349 anatomy of, 61 anomalies of, 349 carcinoma of, 356 cysts of, 355 detachment, of, 358 development of, 26 diseases of, 349 effect of uveitis on, 385 endothelioma of, 357 epithelial hyperplasia of, 356 in glaucoma, 410 glioma of, 356 gumma of, 355 inflammation of, 349 myoma of, 356 perithelioma of, 357 sarcoma of, 356 senile degeneration of, 354 syphilis of, 354 tubercular syphilide of, 355 tuberculosis of, 355 tumors of, 355 wounds of, 357 ganglion, 42 zone, 58, 61 wounds of, 357 Cilioretinal artery, 81 Circle of Haller, 65 of Zinn, 36 Cleft lid, 155 Clinoscope, 732 Cloquet, canal of, 70 persistent, 597 Cocaine, 125 as a local anesthetic, 778 conjunctivitis, 253 Colloid excrescences on papilla, 524 Collyria, 897 Coloboma of chorioid, 359 of crystalline lens, 573 iridis, 321 lentis, 571 of optic nerve, 491 palpebne, 155 of vitreous, 596 Color-amblyopia, 527 Color blends, Jennings', 528 blindness, 528 acquired, 532 complete, 151 congenital, 528 etiology of, 528, 531 incomplete, 151 partial, 528 Color-blindness, special tests for, 153 Thompson's lantern for testing, 153 total, 528 field in glaucoma, 411 hysterical inversion of, 569 reversal of, 569 perception, 529 theories of, 528 sensations, primary, 528 sense, Bonders' lantern for testing, 153 hysterical absence of, 569 perversion of, 569 measurement of, 151 Oliver's apparatus for testing, 154 quantitative determination of, 154 tests, 151 Pfliiger's, 152 Colored shadows, 152 Colors, complementary, 530 contrary, 530 of spectrum, 88 Coma, eye symptoms in, 759 Commissure, external, 43 optic, 84 Commotio retime, 474 i Compressor lentis, 62 i Conical cornea, 303 Coniin, 125 Conjugate deviation, 754 foci, 93 paralysis, 754 spasm, 754 Conjunctiva, 211 abscess of, 254 acne of, 260 adenoma of, 259 amyloid disease of, 250 anatomy of, 49 anesthesia of, hysterical, 568 angiocavernoma of, 211 angioma of, 211 argyrosis of, 256 atrophy of, 251 bone beneath, 211 burns of, 255 congestion of, 112 cysts of, 259 emphysema of, 254 entozoa cysts of, 259 entrance of bacillus of glanders through, 250 epithelial plaques of, 259 epithelioma of, 260 fibroma of, 259 fibrous growths of, 212 gout of, 224 granuloma of, 259 hyperemia of, 212 injuries of, 255 leprosy of, 248 lipomaof, 211, 259 moles of, 212 INDEX 923 Conjunctiva, myxoma of, 259 osteoma of, 259 palpebral, 49 pigmented patches of, 212 polypi of, 258 pseudoleukemic disease of, 251 pseudotuberculosis of, 253 Saemisch catarrh of, 214 siderosis of, 255 syphilis of, 248 telangiectatic growths of, 211 tuberculosis of, 246 tumors of, 259 .cystic, 259 dermoid, 211 malignant, 260 vascular growths of, 258 wounds of, 255 xanthelasma of, 259 Conjunctival flaps, transplantation of, 861 sac, operation for restoration of, 802 temperature of, 112 secretion, collection of, for micro- scopic examination, 907 Conjunctivitis, 212 acute contagious, 225 associated, 213 bacillus subtilis, 250 bacterium coli, 250 catarrhaL 213 chronic, 251 cocaine, 253 diphtheritic, 238 diplococcus. periodic, 712 superable, 710 vertical, 711, 722, 731 Dextro torsion, 712 Diabetes mellitus, eye symptoms accom- panying, 761 Diabetic cataract, 585 iritis, 336 retinitis, 451 Diathetic disease, eye symptoms accom- panying, 761 Dilatation of retinal veins, 429 Dilatator pupillse, 59 tract, sympathetic, 123 Dionin, 895 in glaucoma, 413 Dioptre, 97 prism, 91 Diphtheria antitoxin, 901 eye symptoms accompanying, 762 faucial, relation of, to eye, 641 of lachrymal sac, 209 papillitis after, 502 Diplobacillus of Morax-Axenfeld, 268 Petit's, 268 Diplopia, 715 anomalous, 717 binocular, 715 due to deviation of eyes, 716 exceptions to law of, 717 monocular, 719 hysterical, 568 in paralyses of individual muscles, 735 Diplopia, physiological, 714, 715 produced by a prism, 716 tests for imbalance, 727 Dischromatopsia, hysterical, 569 Disciform keratitis, 279 Discission after cataract extraction, 860 Disk, choked, 503 Mason's, 150 Maxwell's, 153 optic, 81, 133, 135, 398 in optic-nerve atrophy, excavation of, 521 of Placido, 116 vascular anomalies of, 426 Dislocation of eyeball, 629 of globe, 613 of iris, 344 of lachrymal gland, 199 of lens, congenital, 571 spontaneous, 594 traumatic, 594 Disseminate chorioiditis, 363 Disseminated sclerosis, affection of optic nerve in, 518 Distichiasis, 158 operation for, 786 Divergence anomalies, nature of, 743 excess, 748 and convergence insufficiency, combined, 749 insufficiency, 745 combined with convergence ex- cess, 745 movements of, 722 tests of, 730 vertical, movements of, 722 tests of, 731 Divergent squint, 711, 747 development of, 749 treatment of, 751 Dots, Gun's, 136, 464 Dressings, bandages, and protective ap- pliances after operations, 775 Duboisine sulphate, 682 Duct, lachrymal, stenosis of, 202 operation for, 808 nasal, 52 ECCENTRIC fixation, 709 hyaloid artery, 597 vision, 149 Ecchymosis of eyelids, 185 Echinococcus cysts of conjunctiva, 260 of eyelids, 182 of orbit, 639 in vitreous chamber, 604 Ectasiae, corneal, 301 scleral, 317 Ectopia lentis, 571 Ectropion, 189 cicatricial, 185, 190 operations for, 793, 794, 796, 797 paralytic, 190 senile, 190 926 INDEX Ectropion, spasmodic, 189 tarsorrhaphy in, 793 of uvea, congenital, 323 Eczema of eyebrows, 186 of eyelids, 162 Ec/ematous conjunctivitis, 244 keratitis, 263 Edema of eyelids, 186 of retina, 471 traumatic, 474 Egyptian ophthalmia, 251 Electric light on retina, effect of, 476 Electricity in treatment of cataract, 593 of telangiectatic growths of orbit, 632 Electrolysis for removal of hair bulbs, 787 in treatment of lachrymal stenosis, 208 of tumors of eyelids, 178, 181 Elephantiasis of eyelids, 176 Emmetropia, 100 Emphysema of conjunctiva, 254 of eyelids, 185 of orbit, 185 Enchondroma of eyelids, 180 Endarteritis deformans, 440 Endocarditis, eye affections due to, 766 Endothelioma of ciliary body, 357 of cornea, 309 of optic nerve, 522 of orbit, 637 Enophthalmos, 114, 612 Entozoa cysts of conjunctiva, 259 intra-ocular, 617 in vitreous, 603 Entropion, 188 canthoplasty in, 792 cicatricial, 189 operations for, 786 resection of tarsus in, 788 knife, Wilder's, 791 spastic, 188 operation for, 786 Enucleation of globe, 866 Ephedrine, 125 Ephidrosis, 173 tincti, 173 Epibulbar growths, 617 Epicanthus, 156 Epilepsy, eye symptoms accompanying, 759 Epiphora, 200 in exophthalmic goiter, 770 Episcleritis, 312 partialis fugax, 312 persistent, 313 Epithelioma of conjunctiva, 260 of cornea, 309 of eyelids, 182 of lachrymal gland, polymorphous, 200 sac, 210 Erb's disease, eye symptom? accompany- ing, 760 Ergot poisoning, cataract as a result of, 587 Erysipelas, cause of papillitis, 500 eye affections due to, 763 of eyelids, 159 Erythema of eyelids, 158 Erythropsia, 536 Eserine, 125 in glaucoma, 412 Esophoria, 711 convergent squint and, 744 operative treatment of, 753 prisms for correction of, 703 Esotropia, 711 Essential ophthalmomalacia, 422 Ethmoid cells, relation of disease of, to eye, 642 Eucaine as a local anesthetic, 778 E version of eyelid, 111 Evisceration, 870 Exanthematous fevers, affections of eye- lids accompanying, 162 Excavation of disk in glaucoma, 398 in optic-nerve atrophy, 521 Excursion test, 728 Exenteration of orbit, 863 Exercise of eye muscles, 751 Exercises, orthoptic, 751 Exophoria, 711 divergent squint and, 747 non-comitant, 747 prisms for the correction of, 703 Exophthalmic goiter, 768 eye affections due to, 768 Rosenbach's sign in, 770 Stellwag's sign in, 770 treatment of, 771 Exophthalmos, 113, 609 in goiter, 768 pulsating, 610 Exposure to cold, amblyopia due to, 537 optic neuritis, 501 Expression due to eye strain, facial, 567 Extorsion, 712, 731 Exudation, subretinal, 482 Eye, anatomy of, 29 artificial, methods for improving movements of, 868 wearing of, 872 fluorescin in examination of, 116 foreign bodies in, localization of, 873 microorganisms of, 914 muscles, exercise of, 751 governing movements of each, singly, 719 pathogenic microorganisms of, 914 position of lenses in relation to eye, 675 of opacities in interior of, 145 relation of diseases of throat, nose, and accessory sinuses to, 641 screen, Fuchs' wire, 777 shield, Andrews' aluminum, 777 Buller's, 232 McCoy's aseptic, 777 speculum, Weeks', 835, 883 INDEX 927 Eye, sympathetic inflammation of, 389 irritation of, 388 tuberculosis of, 900 vesicle, primary, 18 secondary, 19 Eyeball, 607 amputation of, partial, 870 anatomy of, 31 anomalies of, 607 avulsion of, 630 burns of, 255, 307 cysts of, 608 development of, 31 dislocation of, 613, 629 disorders of associated parallel move- ments of, 754 endogenous infection of, 613 entozoa in, 617 enucleation of, 866 accidents during, 867 insertion of body into Tenon's capsule after, 869 removal of, 873 exogenous infection of, 613 field of action of muscles of, 720 foreign bodies in, 614 ' growths on exterior of, 617 injuries of, 612 luxation of, 629 movements of, 709 binocular, 721 parallel, 721 tests for, 722 " operations on, 866 paralysis of ocular muscles following contused wounds of, 613 penetrating injuries of, with retention of foreign bodies, 614 primary position of, 720 prominence of, 113 rotation of, 719 sinking of, 114 subenucleation of, 871 tension of, 34, 114 tests of parallel movements of, 728 toleration of, for foreign bodies, 616 wounds of, 612 Eyebrows, diseases of, 186 and eyelashes, atrophy of, 187 disappearance of, in exophthal- mic goiter, 771 favus of, 187 pediculosis of, 187 tinea tonsurans of, 187 Eyelashes, 44 and eyebrows, atrophy of, 187 premature grayness of, 186 Eyelids, 155 abscess of, 160 adenocarcinoma of, 183 adenoma of, 177 affections of, accompanying exan- thematous fevers, 162 alopecia of, 186 anatomy of, 42 Eyelids, anesthesia of, hysterical, 568 aneurism of, 177 angio-caverno-endothelioma of, 177 angioma of, 177 cavernosum of, 177 venosum of, 177 angioneurotic edema of, 186 anthrax of, 159 blastomycosis of, 175 botryomycosis of, 175 burns of, 184 gunpowder, 185 carcinoma of, 182 chancroid of, 174 cornu of, 180 cylindroma of, 184 cysticercus of, 182 cysts of, 158, 172, 181, 182 development of, 28 ecchymosis of, 185 eczema of, desquamative, 163 hypertrophic, 163 moist, 162 edema of, 186 elephantiasis of, 176 lymphangiectodes of, 176 emphysema of, 185 enchondroma of, 180 epithelioma of, 182 erysipelas of, 159 erythema of, 158 e version of, 111 favus of margin of, 169 fibroma of, 178 furunculosis of, 159 hyperemia of, 158 hysterical anesthesia of, 568 impetigo of, 159 infarcts of, 172 inflammation of border of, 166 injuries of, 185 leprosy of, 174 lichen simplex affecting, 162 lipoma of, 158, 179 lupus erythematosus of, 175 vulgaris of, 174 malignant pustule of, 159 milium of, 172 molluscum contagiosum of, 181 fibrosum of, 178 morphora of, 176 noma of, 160 operations on, 780 osteoma of, 180 papilloma of, 179 plexiform neurofibroma of, 178 Rontgen rays in treatment of cancer of, 183 sarcoma of, 184 seborrhea of, 166 syphilis of, 173 tetanus following wounds of, 185 tophi of, 172 tuberculosis of, 174 tumors of, 176 dermoid, 158 928 INDEX Eyelids, tumors of, fibroid, 171 malignant, 182 ulcer of, 159 gangrenous, 160 rodent, 182 urticaria of, 158 vaccinia of, 165 with globe, failure of contact of, 158 xanthelasma of, 180 Eye strain, facial expression due to, 567 headache caused by, 760 head-tilting due to, 567 migraine caused by, 539 Eyes, deviation of^ nature of, 735 F FACIAL expression due to eye strain, 567 Fadchen keratitis, 280 Far point, 100 Fascia tarsoorbitalis, 47 Fatigue field of vision in neurasthenic asthenopia, 564 Favus of eyebrow, 187 of margin of eyelids, 169 Fever, rheumatic and relapsing, eye affections due to, 764 scarlet, eye affections due to, 765 typhoid, eye affections due to, 765 yellow, eye affections due to, 765 Fibrochondroma of orbit, 633 Fibroma of conjunctiva, 259 of cornea, 309 of eyelids, 178 of lachrymal gland, 199 of optic nerve, 522 lymphangiectatic, 522 of orbit, 632 Fibrous growths of conjunctiva, 212 tumors of eyelids, 171 Field of action of muscles of eyeball, 720 of fixation, 720 of light sense, measurement of, 150 of vision, combined, 142 for color, 142 for light perception, 140 in glaucoma, 411 limits of normal, 140 measurement of, 136 pathological defects of, 143 Filarise in vitreous, 604 loa in orbit, 640 Filix-mas, amblyopia due to, 557 Fissure, palpebral, 42 Fistula of lachrymal gland, 198 sac, 205 Fixation, binocular, 666, 709 anomalies of, 709 field of, 728 tests of, 724 eccentric, 709 field of, 720, 723 line of, 664 monocular, 709 point of, 664 Fluoroscopy in examination of eye, 115 Foci, 93 conjugate, 93 of lenses, 95 Forceps, advancement, Prince's, 888 Reese's, 891 Weeks', 888 capsule, Smith's, 837 chalazion, 780 fine-tooth, Stevens', 883 fixation, Graefe's, 835 iris, 819, 836 Liebreich's, 821 trachoma, 800 Foreign bodies in cornea, 305 in globe, 614 and orbit, removal of, 873 in iris, 345 in lens, 595 in orbit, 628 in sclera, 319 in vitreous, 614 Form sense, 147 Fornix conjunctive, 49 Fovea centralis, 71, 78, 136 externa, 78 interna, 78 Fracture of walls of orbit, 626 Frame, trial, 695 adjustable, for facial measure- ments, etc., 705 Frontal sinuses, relation of disease of to eye, 643 Fuchsin stain, 910 Function of iris, 320 of optic nerve, 491 of retina, 423 Fundus oculi in exophthalmic goiter 771 normal appearance of, 133 sacci lachrymalis, 52 Fungus growths of vitreous, 606 Furunculosis of eyelids, 159 Fuscin, 74 Fusion, 712 centres, 713 faculty, 713 training, 751 GANGLION cells of retina, 24 ciliary, 42 Gasserian, 41 lenticular, 42 ophthalmic, 42 Gangrenous ulcerations of eyelids, 160 rasserian ganglion, 41 relsemine, 125 Gerlier's disease, 742 "lerontoxon, 300 riant magnets, 615 riemsa's stain, 912 Gland, lachrymal, 28, 50 diseases of, 198 extirpation of, 807 INDEX 929 Gland, Meibomian, 28, 44, 46 of Moll, 44 retention cysts of, 17^ sebaceous, 28 sweat, 28 Zeiss 44 Glasses, application of, for the correction of muscular anomalies, 67o for correction of ametropia, pres- byopia, and errors of extra-ocular muscles, 704 mounting of, 704 Glaucoma, 397 absolute, 402 anterior chamber in, 397 aqueous humor in, 410 arterial pulsation in, 397 chorioid in, 410 ciliary body in, 410 color fields in,. optical, 89 Probes, lachrymal, 207 Processes, ciliary, 62 Projection, law of, 713 Prolapse of iris, 345 Prominence of eyeball, 113 Protective appliances after operation, 777 Psammoma of optic nerve, 522 Pseudoglioma of retina, 481 Pseudo-hyaloid artery, 597 Pseudoisochromatic powders, Mauthner's, 152 tests, 152 Pseudoleukemia of conjunctiva, 251 Pseudotuberculosis of conjunctiva, 253 Pterygium, 257 operation for, 806 strangulation of, 807 transplantation of, 806 Ptomaine-poisoning, amblyopia due to, 560 Ptosis, acquired, 187 congenital, 157 hysterical, 568 in neurasthenic asthenopia, 563 operations for, 781 Puerperium, eye affections due to, 767 Puncta lachrymalia, 52 anomalies of, 195 obliteration of, 808 Pupil, 33 Argyll-Robertson, 122, 348 condition of, in blindness, 347 examination of, 120 Pupil in hemianopsia, 543 irregularity in size of, 345 measurement of, 120 multiple, 321 pain reaction of, 123 reaction of, to remedies, 125 in tabes dorsalis, Argyll-Robertson, 348 condition of, 348 traumatic paralysis of, 346 Pupillary membrane, persistent, 322 remnants of, 323 reaction, 122, 348 reflex arc, 86 zone, 58 Pupillometer, 120 Purpura hsemorrhagica, 439 eye affections due to, 767 Pustule, malignant, of eyelid, 159 Pyemia, eye affections due to, 765 Pyorrhea of Meibomian glands, 172 Q QUININE amblyopia, 555 R RADIOGRAPHY in examination of eye, 115 Radium, 905 effect of, on retina, 477 Reaction, pupillary, 122, 348 Recti muscles, 36, 37 insufficiency of, 710 Reflex arc, pupillary, 86 attention, 124 consensual, 121 cortex, 125 direct, 121 foveal, 136 indirect, 121 red, 106 sensory, 123 Reflexes, light, 120 Refraction, 646 aberration in, 699 angle of, 89 asymmetrical, 102 axial peculiarities in, 646 congenital influences in, 647 correction of, in heterophoria and squint, 750 errors of, 100, 646 chart for recording, 683 method of determining, 681 subjective examination in de- termining, 691 external conditions in, 646 formation of images by, 94 images in lens, 96 influence of heredity on, 646 of shape of orbit on, 647 law of, 89 940 INDEX Refraction, methods of determining, 701 movements of eyeball, anatomical conditions present in, 757 of congenital origin, 756 polyopia due to errors of, 660 Schemer's experiment to determine, 701 Regeneration of corneal tissue, 262 of lens, 595 Resection of cervical sympathetic in treatment of glaucoma, 418 Retina, 423 absence of pigment in, 424 anatomy of, 71 anemia of, 429 anesthesia of, traumatic, 474 aneurism of central artery of, 522 angeioid streaks in, 454 angioma of, 477 anomalies of, 424 atrophy of, gyrate, 464 changes marked by a disturbance of the pigment of, 473 of nature of an arteriocapillary fibrosis in, 474 detachment of, 482 in myopia, 652 symptoms of, 483 in syphilitic chorioretinitis, 362 treatment of, 486 development of, 24 dilatation of veins of, 429 diseases of, 426 edema of, 471, 474 effect of colored lights on, 424 of electric light on, 476 of radium on, 477 of Rontgen rays on, 476 of sunlight on, 475 of ultra-violet or chemical rays on, 477 of uveitis on, 386 examination of, 133 foreign body in, 881 function of, 423 in glaucoma, 410 glioma of, 477 treatment of, 481 hyperemia of, 426 immediate determining causes of detachment of, 483 injuries of, 474 ischemia of, 429 laceration of, 475 melanoma of, 477 in myopia, 651 neuro-epithelioma of, 477 opaque nerve fibers in, 425 overdistention of, 483 perithelioma of, 477 physicochemical changes in, 423 plastic exudation of, 472 plugging of central artery of, 430 pseudoglioma of, 481 rupture of, 475 serous exudation of, 471 Retina, tuberculosis of, 477 tumors of, 477 vascular anomalies of, 425 venous stasis of, 527 Retinal apoplexy, 442 asthenopia, 566 bloodvessels, aneurism of, 439 arteriosclerosis of, 440 atrophy of, 442 hemorrhage from, 475 hemorrhage, cause of secondary glaucoma, 421 perivasculitis, 439 pigmentation, 426 supertraction in myopia, 651 Retinitis, albuminuric, 443 complications of, 451 diagnosis of, 449 in pregnancy, 450 atypical forms of, 460 centralis punctata diabetica, 452 circinata, 455 circumscribed, 467 diabetic, 451 hemorrhagic, 452 punctate, 452 embolic metastatic, 470 fouty, 471 emorrhagic, 442 hyperplastic, 458 leukocythemic, 435 macular, 471 of pernicious anemia, 437 pigmentosa, 460 cataract as an accompaniment of, 584 centralis, 460 symptoms of, 462 treatment of, 463 proliferans, 458 accompanying atrophy of cho- rioid, 374 punctata albescens, 463 purulent, 469 metastatic, 470 secondary, 470 traumatic, 470 septic, 471 solar, 475 striata, 455 syphilitic, 464, 465 diffuse, 465 etiology of, 468 macular, 465 without visible affection of chorioid, 465 Retinoscopy, 106, 686 Retrobulbar neuritis, 511 acute, 511 bilateral hereditary, 511 symptoms of, 512 treatment of, 512 chronic, 511 agents producing, 544 produced by arteriosclerosis, 502 INDEX 941 Retrobulbar neuritis, result of perios- titis, 502 toxic, 511 Retro version of iris, 344 Reversal of color fields, hysterical, 569 point of, 107, 687 Rhabdomyoma of orbit, 634 Rheumatism, eye affections due to, 764 Rhinorrhapy, 156 Rhodopsin, 423 Ring, glaucomatous, 403, 411 Rod, Maddox, 698, 727, 731 Rontgen rays, 905 effect of, on retina, 476 for localizing foreign bodies in globe, 615 transparency of various sub- stances for, 615 in treatment of cancer of eye- lids, 188 Rotation, centres of, 666 of eyeball, 719 Rupture of chorioid, 374 of optic nerve, 514 of retina, 475 of sclera, 318 S SAC, conjunctival, 49, 112, 802 lachrymal, 52, 195, 203, 205, 209, 210 excision of, 810 Saemisch catarrh of conjunctiva, 214 Salicylate of soda, 904 Salicylic acid, amblyopia due to, 558 Salmon patch, 294 Santonin, colored vision produced by, 561 Sarcoma of chorioid, 376 of ciliary body, '356 of cornea, 311 of eyelids, 184 of iris, 342 of lachrymal gland, 199 sac, 210 of optic nerve, 522 of orbit, 636 Scabies of cornea, 300 Scammonium and colocynth, amblyopia due to, 560 Scarificator, Weeks', 800 Scarlet fever, affections of eye due to, 765 Schleich's solutions for infiltration anes- thesia, 779 Schlemm's canal, 34, 58 Scintillating scotoma, 539 Scissors, enucleation, 866 iris, 819 movement in skiascopy, 690 Stevens', 838 tenotomy, Stevens', 883 Sclera, 312 anatomy of, 56 calcification of, 316 congenital pigmentation of, 312 development of, 27, 32 Sclera, diseases of, 312 effect of uveitis on, 385 foreign bodies in, 319 in glaucoma, involvement of, 408 trephining of, 418 inflammation of, 312 injuries of, 317 leprosy of, 316 malignant growths of, 317 in myopia, 656 operations on, 827 ossification of, 316 removal of contents of, 870 rupture of, 318 staphyloma of, 317 syphilis of, 315 tuberculosis of, 316 wounds of, 318 Scleral ectasise, 317 ring or crescent, 134 Scleritis, 312 deep, 313 fugacious, 312 posterior, 316 scrofulous, 314 suppurative, 315 Sclerochorioiditis posterior, 372 Sclerociliotomy, 829 Sclerokerato-iritis, 314 Sclerosis and atrophy of corneal margin, 300 of optic nerve in lateral and dis- seminated, 518 multiple, eye-symptoms accompany- ing, 760 Sclerotomy, 827 posterior, 417 Scopolamine, 125 hydrochlorate, 682 Scotoma, 539 absolute, 143 fortification, 539 indistinct, 143 relative, 143 ring, 144 scintillating, 539 spectrum, 539 treatment of, 540 i Screen test, 724 j Scurvy, eye symptoms accompanying, 761 Sea-sickness, cataract as a result of, 587 Seborrhea of eyelids, 166 nigricans, 173 Seclusio pupillae, 339 Secretion, lachrymal, 51 Selection test, 151 Sense of contrast, 149 measurement of, 150 form, 147 light, 149 Septicemia, eye affections due to, 765 Septum orbitale, 46 Sera, 900 Sexual organs, eye affections due to condition of, 767 942 INDEX Shadow test, 106 Shadows, colored, 152 Sideroscope, 615 Siderosis conjunctive, 255 Silver, amblyopia due to, 559 deposits on cornea, 299 Simulation amblyopia, 535 Sinuses, relation of disease of accessory, to eye, 641 Skiascopes, 686 Skiascopy, 106, 686 cycloplegia in, 688 Gruening's set of hand lenses for, 688 scissors movement in, 690 Skin disease, cataract accompanying, 587 Skull, affections of optic nerve due to malformations of, 520 Smallpox, eye affections due to, 765 Snow-blindness, 536 Spasm, conjugate, 754 of ocular muscles, 743 Spatula, 838 Spectroscope, 152 Ramsay's, 152 Spectrum, colors of, 88 scotoma, 539 Speculum, tear-sac, Meller's, 812 Weeks', 835, 883 Sphenoidal sinus, 644 Sphincter of eyelids, 44 pupillse, 59 traumatic paralysis of, 346 Spirochseta pallida, 292 staining of, 912 Sporotrichosis, 169 Sporotrichum Burmanni, 169 Spring catarrh conjunctivitis, 214 Squint, 710 alternating, 712 amblyopia in, 718 convergent, 711 esophoria and, 744 treatment of, 751 divergent, 711, 747 exophoria and, 747 treatment of, 751 heterophoria and, 710 treatment of, 750 lateral, 711 monocular, 712 prisms for correction of, 753 spastic, 743 uniocular, 712 vertical, 711 vision in, 717 Staphylococcus conjunctivitis, 245 Staphyloma accompanying chorioiditis, 372 corneal, 301 pellucida, 303 posterior, 372 in myopia, 650 racemose, 301 Staphyloma of sclera, 317 verum in myopia, 651 Static astigmia, 648 Statometer of Snellen, 113 Stauungspapille, 503 Stellate cataract, 589 Stenopeic lens, Stevens', 727 Stenosis of canaliculi, 201 of lachrymal duct, 202 Stereoscope test of binocular vision, 732 Stereoscopic vision, 715 Stop needle, Bowman's, 856 Strabismus, 710 Stramonium, amblyopia due to, 553 Streptococcus pyogenes conjunctivitis, 228 Streptothrix Foesteri, 201 Stretching of supratrochlear nerve in absolute glaucoma, 418 Stye, 161 Styles, lachrymal, 208 Substantia propia, 54 Suction curette, 853 Sulcus sclerse, 53 Sunburst, astigmic, 693 Sunlight on retina, effect of, 475 Supertraction in myopia, 651 Suprarenal extract, 895 Suspensory ligament, 32, 67, 69 Sycosis parasitica, 169 Symblepharon, 157, 256 operation for, 801 Sympathectomy in treatment of primary glaucoma, 418 Sympathetic inflammation of eye, 389 iritis, 336 irritation, 388 neuroretinitis, 390 ocular manifestations, 388 ophthalmia, 389 Synchysis, 602 scintillans, 602 Synechise, 337 Syphilis, cause of papillitis, 500 of ciliary body, 354 tubercular, 355 of conjunctiva, 248 of eyelids, 173 of lachrymal gland, 200 of sclera, 315 Syringe, Anel's lachrymal, 206 TABES dorsalis,Argyll-Robertson pupil in, 348 atrophy of optic nerve due to, 516 condition of pupil in, 348 Tache ce"re"brale in exophthalmic goitre, 770 Tarsal plates, 45 Tarsitis, 173 Tarsorrhaphy, 793 Tarsus, resection of, in cicatricial en- tropion, 788 Tattooing of cornea, 311, 817 Tea-leaf conjunctivitis, 253 INDEX 943 Teeth, Hutchinson, 292 Tendon folding or tucking, 892 hook, Stevens', 883 resection of, 891 Tenometer, 114 of Schiotz, 114 Tenon's capsule, 34, 47 Tenotomy, 882 Tension of eyeball, 34, 114 effect of iritis on, 340 in myopia, 657 in primary glaucoma, 416 in secondary glaucoma, 422 Tensor chorioidea muscle, 62 tarsi muscle, 45 Test for binocular vision, red glass, 732 card, 148, 692 for children, Wolfberg's, 148 chromatic aberration, 702 contrast; Holmgren's, 151 excursion, 728 for imbalance, 727 parallax, 727 letters, 147 for illiterates, 148 for malingering, Schmidt-Rimpler's, 556 screen, 724 selection, 151 shadow, 106 type, 147 Snellen's, 147 Testing central vision, 148 diminished vision, 148 functional, 110 vision for reading, 148 Tests of binocular fixation, 734 vision, 727, 732 Buchardt's international, 148 for color-blindness, 151 of convergence, 730 of divergence, 730 for malingering, 535 for movements of each eyeball singly, 722 of parallel movements of eyeball, 728 pseudo-isochromatic, 152 for squint, method of making, 734 for torsion, 731 of vision, method of making, 733 Tetanus following wounds of eyelids, 185 Thiersch graft, 796 Thiosinamin, 311 Throat, relation of diseases of, to eye, 641 Thrombophlebitis, orbital, 624 Tilting of head due to eye strain, 567 Tinea tonsurans of eyebrows, 187 Tipping of images, 731 Tobacco amblyopia, 546 Tonsurans, tinea, 169, 187 Tophi of eyelids, 172 Torsion, displacement of insertion of muscle to correct, 893 pathological, 731 tests for, 731 Toxemia, cause of papillitis, 502 Toxin theory of sympathetic ophthalmia, 393 Trachoma, 217 body, 220 stain, 813 forceps, Knapp's, 800 Noyes', 800 Prince's, 800 Rust's, 800 of lachrymal gland, 199 operations for, 799 Tracts, optic, 86 Transillumination, 118 Sachs', 118 Wiirdemann's, 119 Trephine, corneal, Von Hippel's, 862 Trephining of sclera in treatment of glaucoma, 418 Trial frame, adjustable, for facial meas- urements, etc., 705 for determining errors of re- fraction, 695 lenses, 696 Trichiasis, 187 operation for, 786 Trigeminal nerve, 41 Trochlearis, 37, 40 Tropococaine as a local anesthetic, 779 Tropometer, 723 Tubercle of iris, 336, 342 Tuberculins, 899 sera, and vaccines, 899 Tuberculosis of ciliary body, 355 of conjunctiva, 246 of cornea, 289 of eye, 900 of eyelids, 174 of iris, 336 of lachrymal gland, 199 sac, 209 of retina, 477 of sclera, 316 Tumors of chorioid, 376 of ciliary body, 355 of conjunctiva, 211, 259, 260 of cornea, 308 of eyelids, 176, 177, 182 of iris, 342 of lachrymal gland, 199 of optic nerve, 522 of orbit, 630 of retina, 477 of vitreous, 606 I Tunic, inflammation of vascular, 384 | Tunica vaginalis bulbi, 34 vasculosa lentis, 22 Typhoid fever, cause of papillitis, 502 eye affections due to, 765 ULCERS of cornea, classification of, 263 of eyelids, 159, 182 Ulcus atheromatosum cornea1, 298 944 INDEX Ultra-violet or chemical rays, effect on retina of, 477 Urticaria of eyelids, 158 Uvea, congenital ectropion of, 323 of iris, 60 Uveal layer, cysts of, 341 tract, 33 Uveitis, 384 anterior, 314 in sympathetic inflammation of eye, 389 VACCINE blepharitis, 165 Vaccines, 901 Vascular growths of conjunctiva, 258 tunic, inflammation of, 384 Vasomotor nerves of retina, 81 Vectis, 838, 852 Veins, ophthalmic, 38 retinal, dilatation of, 429 Vertical deviation, 711, 722, 731 Vertige paralysant, 742 Vesicles, rudimentary ocular, 609 Violet vision produced by certain drugs, 561 Vision, binocular single, 666, 713 field of, 729 tests for, 732 blue, 537 color, field of, 142 colored, 536 combined field of, 142 defects of, due to disease of retina and chorioid, 144 of periphery of field of, 144 eccentric, 149 field of, hysterical telescopic, 569 limits of, 140 measurement of, 136 pathological defects of, 143 functional disturbances of, 143 in glaucoma, field of, 404 line of, 664 red, 536, 561 in squint, 717 stereoscopic, 715 tests for binocular, 727, 732 for central, 148 for diminished, 148 yellow, 537 Visual acuity, 147 area, cortical, 87 defects, atheroma as a cause of, 520 Vitreous, 596 artificial, insertion of, 871 bloodvessel formation in, 605 chamber, 33 echinococcus in, 604 coloboma of, 596 detachment of, 605 Vitreous, effect of uveitis on, 386 entozpa in, 603 examination of, 126 filariae in, 604 fluidity of, 602 foreign bodies in, 614 fungus growths of, 606 in glaucoma, 410 hemorrhage into, 600 hydatid cyst of, 604 inflammation of, 598 in myopia, 656 opacities of, 599 ossification of, 606 spheres, Mules', 871 tumors of, 606 W WHEEL, Green's astigmic, 692 Whooping cough, eye -affections due to, 766 Word-blindness, congenital, 533 Wounds of chorioid, 374 of ciliary body, 35Z of conjunctiva, 255 of cornea, 304 of eyeball, 612 of eyelids, tetanus following, 185 of globe, 612 of iris, 344 of orbit, 628 ' of sclera, 318 XANTHELASMA of conjunctiva, 259 of eyelids, 180 Xanthoma of eyelids, 180 Xanthopsia, 537 produced by certain drugs, 561 Xanthopsin, 423 Xerophthalmia, 251 Xerosis epitheliatis, 242 infantilis, 242 triangularis, 242 YELLOW fever, eye affections due to, 765 vision, 537 produced by certain drugs, 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