None
Index. 879 Nogro, foreign: Definition, i, 257, number of immigrants adiiiitted, i, 215, 231, 258» population and distribution, i, 257; number of households and persons studied, i, 733-737; employees studied, i, 627-636; age classification, i, 737-739; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on literacy, i, 771; occupation abroad, i, 760; length of residence, i, 740; ii, 84; residence in United States, effect of, i, 751: ii, 26^266, 280-285; occupation, i, 761, 762; wages and earnings, i, 764-767; family income, i, 766; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 230, 231, 270; prostitution, ii, 332; gainful occupations in the home, i, 752; status of children, i, 143-147, 763; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 49-^55, 76-80; proportion of chUdren, i, 739; literacy, i, 770, 771; English-speaking, ii^ 151, 152; citizenship, i, 771, 772; home ownership, i, 756; rent paid, i, 757-759; size of apartments ana of households, i, 741-743; i)ersons per room, i, 743-747; boarders and lodgers, i, 748-751; water supply, i, 753; toilet accommodations, i, 754; care of apart- ment, i, 755; in Hawaii, i, 700, 703; immigrants to Canada, ii, 611. Negro, Indian, and Mongolian: Age classification, i, 146-148^ number in agricultural pursuits, i, 800* in building trades, i, 790; in clerical pursuits, i, 792, 815; in domes- tic and personal service, i, 806; iron and steel workers, i, 785; laborers, i, 781; miners and quarrymen, i, 783; in needle trades, i, 809; in professional service, i, 798; sales- men, agents, etc., i, 794, 817; teachers, i, 820; in textile mills, i, 787, 812. Netherlands: Provinces of, ii, 697; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 232; no emigration problem of importance, i, 168; illiteracy among recruits, i, 177; insane in, ii, 248, 249; steerage laws referred to, ii, 600; immigrants from, 1820-1910, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137: chQdren of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classincation, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438-^7; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. {See aho Holland.) Netherlander. See iDutch, Flemish, and Dutch and Flemish. Nevada: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155, 623; population, i, 623; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; private banking virtually prohibitea, ii, 434. New Bedford, Mass.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; public schoolpupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-35, 75; Portuguese in, i, 592. New Britain, Conn.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i^ 152; public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-^5, 71, 72, 75; parochial school pupils, ii, 64^72, 75. New England: Early cotton mills described, i, 507-510; immigration to boot and shoe indus^, i, 517, 518; peonage, ii, 447-449. (See aUo teparate States.) New Hampshire: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; iminigrant banks, ii, 414; r^:ulation of banking, ii, 435. New and old immigration: Described, i, 13, 14, 23, 24, 166, 170; number of immi- grants, i, 13, 60-65, 167, 180-183; new immi^nts admitted are best of their class, 1, 24; permanence, i, 24; return movement, i, 180-183; proportions of sexes, i, 171; money on landing, i, 178, 179; proportions destined to join friends or relatives, i, 188; illiteracy, i, 175, 176; alcoholism, i, 35; age classification, i, 172; proportions in each occupation .^up, i, 174; in various industries, i, 297-313, 316, 322, 348, 353, 354, 356; in bituminous coal mining, i, 503-505, 507; in agriculture, i, 39, 543-615, 651-654; in New England cotton mills, i, 510-512; new immigration monopolizes unskilled labor in many industries, i, 37, 38; reasons for employment of recent immigrants, i, 493, 494; training and experience abroad, i, 494, 495; pro- portions in Pacific coast population, i, 41; studied in cities, i, 727, 728; effecto of recent immigrants on industrial expansion, i, 494, 541 ; on organization and methods, i, 538-540; on liability to accidents, i, 539; on working relations, i, 540; on wages and hours of work, i, 540, 541, 646, 647; on native Americans and older iminigrant ' employees, i, 500-530; on labor organizations, i, 530-538; hostility toward recent immigrants, during industrial depression, i, 540; comparisons between, in the West, i, 644; comparisons as regards English-speaking, i, 648; home ownership, i^ 728; keeping boarders and lodgers, i, 729, 751; charity patients, ii^ 290; use of immigrant bauKS and sending of money abroaid, ii, 415; number of aliens arriving, i, 59-65; as r^^ards admissions and rejections. United States and Canada, ii, 624. (See also separate races.) New Jersey: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; Hebrew colonies, i, 576, 578; Italian colonies, i, 560, 561; immigrants destined to, i, 105- 109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity, ii, 232; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of immigrant banking, ii, 435, 436; bank commissioner, referred to, ii, 438. 880 The Immigraticm Commission. New Mexico: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 149, 155, 623; citizenship, i, 150; population, i, 623: immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; regulation of banking, ii, 435. New Orleans, La.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-^; parochial school pupils, ii, 6^72, 75; large proportion of Italians, i, 570; alien seamen deserting at, ii, 360. New Orleans University, New Orleans, La., ii, 8. New South Wales: Population in 1788, ii, 632; immigration and emigration, 1851- 1901, ii, 632; assisted immigration, ii, 633. (See also Australia.) New York (State): Foreign-bom in. i, 126, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; Hebrew farmers, i, 576; Italian colonies, i, 560, 572-575; Polish settlements, i, 583: farm laborers, i, 596; wages of seasonal farm laborers, i, 597; immigrants destinea to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity, ii, 232; proportion of foreign-bom among feeble-minded, li, 237; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of immigrant banking, ii, 435, 436; State superintendent of banks, quoted, ii, 437; records of crime, ii, 193-197; immigration law of 1824, ii, 667, 568; emigration to Canada, ii, 617. New York, N. i .: Population in 1900, ii, 290; foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; study of immigrants in, i, 723-772; households and persons studied, i, 732-734, 736; size of apartments, i, 741, 742; persons per room, i, 729, 743, 745, 746; boarders and lodgers, i, 728, 748, 749; home ownership, i, 728, 756; rent paid, i, 729, 757, 758; gainful occupation in the home, i, 751; public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, o4-72, 75; study of changes in bodily form, ii, 501-556; treatment of infants, ii, 546, 547; immigration of mentally detective, ii, 246; immigrants in charity hospi- tals, ii^ 257-290; records of crime, ii, 183-193; enforcement of law r^;arding prosti- tutes, li, 346, 347, 350; night court cases, 1908-9, ii, 332; Greek flower venders under padrone system^ ii, 393; unscmpulous labor a^nts, ii, 445; peddlers of steamship tickets, ii. 421; immigrant banks, ii, 415; immigration to clothing industry, i, 516, 517; female immigrants in needle trades, i, 807; alien seamen deserting at, ii, 359, 360; seamen discharged and resigned, ii, 362; number of stowaways arriving, ii, 364; money requirement at port of, i, 102. New York College and Hospital for Women, New York, N. Y., ii, 8. New York county and supreme courts, 1907-8, ii, 193-197. New York Court of General Sessions, 1908-9, ii, 189-193. New York Homeopathic Medical College, New York, N. Y., ii, 8. New York Law Scnool, New York, N. i ., ii, 8. New York State Commission in Lunacy, quoted, ii, 245, 246. New York University, New Ybrk, N. Y., li, 8. New Zealand: Immigration situation in, ii, 637, 638; immigration law, ii, 637, 638: immigrants to Australia, ii, 633; to Canada, ii, 611; natives of, coming to Unitea States £rom Hawaii, i, 712. (See also Australia and New Zealand.) Newark, N. J.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; public school pupils, ii, 12, 13, 17-23, 33-35, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64, 72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Newmundland, immigration from, to Canada, ii, 611. Newport, R. I., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115. Newton^ Senator, from Virginia, framed first United States law for regulation of steer- age, ii, 601. Nicefero, Italian sociologist, quoted, i, 251. Norfolk, Va., alien seamen deserting at, ii, 360. Norse. See Scandinavian. North Briton, term for Lowland Scotch, i, 235. North Carolina: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128; Italians admitted and departed, i, 568; It^ian communities, i, 560, 566; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; cases of peonage, ii, 445; r^ul,ation of banking, ii, 435. North Dakota: Foreign-bom in, i, 127, 129, 149, 155; citizenship, i, 150; Hebrew farmers^ i, 576; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; insanity, ii, 232; peona^, ii, 447; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434; emigration to Canada, ii, 617. North German Lloyd, oegan steam service to New York 1859, ii, 594. North I talian . See I talian , North. Northwestern University, Evanston, 111., ii, 8. Norway: Districts of, ii, 697; language, population, and emigration, i, 270, 271jprac- ticsdly no illiteracy, i, 178; insanity, li, 248, 249; steerage laws referred to, ii, 600; Canada induces immigration from, ii, 607, 608; number of immigrants from, 1820- 1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167, 214 271; natives of^ in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of Ignited States, i, 145; children of immigrants from, employed^ i, 320-333, 336-^47, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings^ i. 366i-403; literacy, i, 438-447; conjugal condition, i, 447-460. (See also Scandinavia.) Ia<kx. 881 Norwegian: Definition, i, 269, 270; language, i, 270; number of immigrants admitted, i, 214, 270: population in Europe, i, 214, 270; number in United States, i, 270; number of households and persons studies, i, 316-320, 557, 601, 639-642; employees studies, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on Engli^-speaking and, literacy, i, 446, 447. 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 357-363; length of residence, i, 349-356, 636, 637; li, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 263-266; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 826, 835; occupation, i. 363-366, 826, 835; in agricultural pursuits, i, 548, 799, 800, 826, 835; in boot ana shoe manufacturmg, i, 826; in building trades, i. 789, 790, 826; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 792, 814, 815, 826, 835; in collar, cuff, ana shirt manufacturing, i, 835; in cotton mills, i, 826, 835; in domestic and personal service, i, 804-806, 826, 835; iron and steel workers, i. 784, 785, 826; laborers, i, 780, 781, 826; in laundries, i, 835; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 826, 835; miners and quarrymen, i, 782, 783, 826; in needle trades, 1, 808, 809, 835; in paper and pulp mills, i, 835; peddlers, i, 826, 835; in professional sendee, i, 797, 798, 826, 835; salesmen, agents, etc., i, 793, 794, 816, 817, 826, 835; in silk mills, i, 835; steam railroad employees, i, 826; teachers, i, 819; 820, 835; in textile mills, i, 786, 787, 811, 812, 826, 835; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 826, 835; in trade ana transportation, i, 826, 835; m woolen mills, i, 835; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 407-411; family income, i, 412-417; charity seekers, ii, 96-153; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 270; crime, ii, 198-204; status of children, ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 49-55, 64-66, 71, 76-82; literacy, i, 438^47; English-speaking, i, 474-484; ii, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152, 153; in labor unions, i, 417, 418: conjugal con- dition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; fecundity, ii, 482-.500; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid^ i, 419-422; size of apartments and of house- holds, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Hawaii, i, 702, 703; in Canada, ii, 612, 625. (See aUo Scandinavian.) Notary public, use of term b^r immigrant bankers, ii, 422. Novicow, opinion of, concerning Slavic temperament and character, i, 274. Number of immigrants admitted: Proposed to limit number of each race, i, 47; pro- posed to limit number at each port, i, 48. (See also Aliens admitted and separate races.) Nurses and midwives, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. O. Oakland, Cal.: Immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 93-115; stature of children, ii, 555. Occupations: Of first and second generations if immigrants, abstract of report on, i, 773-838; white male breadwinners, i, 821-829; white female breadwinners, i, 830- 838; persons in industrial study, i, 363-366; in Pacific coast study, i, 640-642; in study of cities, i, 761, 762; departing aliens, i, 117, 118; Chinese on Pacific coast, i, 656-659; East Indians, i, 676, 678, 679; Japanese, i. 663, 667; Mexicans, i, 682, 683: Russians, in Hawaii, i, 707; gamful, within the nome, i, 751, 752. (See also Children, status of; Wives at work, and sejHoraie races and occupations.) Occupations abroad: Of immigrants to United States, i, 100-102^ 172-175; old and new immigration compared, i, 498; persons in industrial study^ i, 297-313, 357-363; in agricultural study, i, 607, 608; study of cities, i, 760; Italians in the South, i, 567; Chinese and Japanese in the West, i, 663; East Indians, i, 677; immigrants to Canada, ii, 613, 614; lack of training of recent immigrants, i, 494, 495. Ohio: Foreign-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; Uebrew farmers, i, 576; Polish settlements, i, 583; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manufactures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Middle West); insanity, ii, 232; proportion of foreign-bom among feeble-minded, ii^ 237; fecundity J ii, 469-482, 494-500; immigrant banks, ii, 414; regulation of immigrant banking, li, 435, 436; bank commissioner, quoted, ii, 438. Oil refining: Summary of data secured, i, 311, 312; households and employees studied, i, 294, 323-333; eamings, i, 384-386, 390-392, 394, 396-403; racial displacements in, i, 527, 528. Oklahoma: Foreign-bom in, i, 127; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; employees in manu^tures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; output of coal (see Soutnwest); insanity, ii, 232; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434. Old immigration. See New and old immigration. Oneida, N. Y., Italian agricultural colony, i, 574. 882 The Immigration Commissicxi. Orange, N. J., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii, 9^115. Orchards, Japanese seasonal labor in^ i, 667. Order of the Star Spangled Banner, ii, 563. Order of United Americans, ii, 663. Orders in coimcil, regulating Canadian immigration, ii, 622, 623. Oregon: Forei^-Dom in, i, 127, 149, 151, 155, 623; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; population, i, 623; citizenship, i, 150, 152; agricultural households studied, i, 639; regulation of banking, ii, 435; emigration to Canada, ii, 617. Organization of Immigration Commission, i, 12. Organized labor. See Labor organizations. Orient, immi^nt remittances to, ii, 425, 427. Oriental imnumtion, conclusions regarding, i, 41. Orientals: In Hawaii, i, 700, 709, 713, 715; in Canada, ii, 611, 627-629. {See oho Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindu, etc.) Oshkosh, Wis.: Foreini-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. Osmanlis. See Turkieh. Ottoman Empire, po|)ulation of, i, 282. Ottomans. See Turkish. Overcrowding. See Congestion. Overland immigration: By way of Canada, ii, 619; Canadian regulation regarding, ii, 761-764; Mexican regulation regarding, ii, 764-766; inspection of immigrants provided by law of 1891, ii, 571. Oversupply of unskilled labor, results of, 1, 39. Ownersmp of homes. See Home ownership. Ownership of land: Italian farmers, i, 5/2, 573; Japanese farmers, i, 670, 671; Polish farmers, i, 585. P. Pacific Coast and Rocky Moimtain States: Japanese and other immigrant races, abstract of report on, i, 617-694; conclusions regarding, i, 41; 49che<iule forms used in investigation, ii, 653-662,668-670, 674-677, 680, 681; few immigrant banks, ii, 415. {See also separate States.) Pacific Islander: Definition, i, 258; number, i, 258; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 215, 258; proportion of males, i, 98; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101; len^:th of residence, i, 116; occupation, i, 117, 118; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237; literacy, i, 99; return movement, i, 112-118. Pacific Islands: Number of immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; natives of, in United Sti»tes, i, 134, 136, 137. Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., ii, 8. Packers and shippers, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Packing industry. JSee Slaughtering and meat packing. Padrone system: Definition of term, ii, 391; report on, ii, 387-408; present status, i, 29* ii, 392, 393; conclusions regarding, i, 29, 30; opinion of Commissioner General of immigration, ii, 383; peoni^ laws not applicable to, ii, 406; shoe-shining parlors, ii, 447; Japanese laborers in West, i, 664, 665; seasonal farm labor, i, 596, 597; meth- ods of importing laborers, ii, 383, 384. Painters, glaziers, and vamishers, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Palatines, sufferizig and deaths among emigrants, 1710, ii, 589. Palermo, Sicily: Inspection of emicjants, i, 198; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grants from, and number debarrea for medical causes, i, 202. Pidestine: Population, i, 281; number of Hebrews, i, 246. Panama Canal: Probable effect on immigration to Pacific coast, i, 41, 694; to Hawaii, i, 708, 721. Panna Marya, Tex., Polish agricultural colony, i, 583. Papailiou. Gr. A., Greek physician in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Paper ana pulp mill operatives, female breadwinners reported as, i, 830-838. Paper and wood-pulp manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Paper products manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Parmeiee, Julius H., assisted in preparation of report on fecimdity of immigTant women, i, 3. Parochial schools, study of children in, ii, 63-73. Parsis, fire- worshipers, i, 258. Part-Hawaiian: Number in Hawaii, i, 700, 713; children in schools, Hawaii, i, 714; average ifamily income, i, 712. Passa^ money advanced. See Assisted immigration and Induced immigration. Passaic, N. J.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Passenger act. See Steerage legislation. Passenger cases of United States Supreme Court, 1849, referred to, ii, 567. Index. 883 Fassporta: Not required by United States law, i, 28, 193; law r^arding, ii, 732, 757, 758; required of Japanese entering United States, i, 661, 701; ii, 584; of Japanese to Hawaii, i, 661; Italy will not issue to criminals, i, 28, 193, 196; to other countries, or insular possessions, not valid to enter United States^ i, 11, 577; ii, 584; certificates of emigration reconmiended by Ford Gonmiittee, li, 570; Canadian regulations regarding, ii, 622, 623; number granted to Japanese entering Canada, limited, i, 661; ii, 629. Paterson, N. J.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; immi- grant banks, ii, 413. Patras, Greece: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; rejections, i, 199; number of immi- grants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. Patten, Maine, a justice of, attitude toward contract-labor law, ii, 448. Pauperism: Conunon among immigrants in early days, but little now, i, 35; conclu- sions reeardinff, i, 35. {See also Charity seekers.) Paupers: Excluded by law, ii, 619; assisted to enugrate to United States in early days, i, 29, 35, 192; congressional investigation of immigration of, 1838, ii, 562; early attempts at legislation against, ii, 562-564. (See also Public charges. Charity seekers, etc.) Pawtucket, R. I.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152; inmii- grants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. Pay rolls, examination of, i, 295; schedule forms used, ii, 678, 679. Pennsylvania: Forei^-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151, 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; Jewish popu- lation, i^ 247; Hebrew fanners, i, 576; immigrants destined to^ i, 105-109; in- sanity, li, 232; emigration to Canada, ii, 617; number of immigrant banks, ii, 414. 435; regulation of banking, ii, 435, 437; employees in manunctures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; representative glass conmiunities, i, 520-526. Bituminous coal mining — Proeress in, i, 503, 504; racial classification of employees, i^ 503, 504, 506; dis- placement of labor, i, 38; historv of labor organization, i, 532-534. Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, Philadelphia, Pa., ii, 8. Pennsylvania College for Women, Pittsbuig, Pa., ii, 8. Pensacola, Fla., deserting alien seamen, ii, 360. Peonage: Report on, ii, 439-449; inquiry authorized, i, 16; ii, 443; definition of term, ii, 444; Greek bootblacks, ii, 404-406; importation of orientals for purpose of, pro- hibited, 1875, ii, 579; laws not applicable to padrone system, ii, 40i8. Peoria, 111., immigrants as charity seekers in, ii^ 93-115. Percy, Le Roy, member of Immigration Commission, i, 12. Permanence of residence: Old and new immi^tion compared, i, 24, 179-185; East Indians not permanent, i, 677; Mexicans, i, 682. (See also Residence in United States and Return movement.) Persia, population of, i, 259. Persian: Definition, i, 258, 259; religion, i, 259; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; I>opu]ation, i, 259; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classifica- tion of charity patients, ii, 286-290; length of residence, i, 349-356, ii, 84; residence in United States^ of chanty patients, ii, 263-266; wages and earnings, i, 366-403: charity seekers, li, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-262, 270-272; insanity ana mental defects, ii, 270; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 76-80; literacy, i, 438-447; citi- zenship, i, 484-489; immigrants to Canada, ii, 612. Persons per household, number of, i, 317, 428-430, 742, 743. Persons per room, number of, i, 36, 430-438, 743-747; various industries studied, i, 298- 312. (See also Housing conditions and Congestion.) Petrulas, Christ., Greek physician in Chicago, letter signed by, ii, 398. Pharmacy, students of, ii, 76-79, 82, 83. Philadelphia, Pa.: Study of immigrants in^ i, 723-772; households and persons studiea, i. 732-734, 736; size of apartments, i, 741, 742; persons per room, i, 729, 743, 745, 746; Doarders and lodgers, i, 748, 749; home ownership, i, 756; rent paid, i, 757, 758; sanitary equipment of homes, i, 729; gainful occupation in the home, i, 751: public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; immigrant banks, li, 413; immigration to glazed-kid industry, ij 529^ 530; alien seamen at port of, ii, 359, 362; stowaways, ii, 364. Philippine Islands: United States immigration regulations not applicable to, ii, 747; registration of Chinese, ii, 797; certincatee of Chinese, ii, 803; executive order regarding Chinese,' ii, 798; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; immigration to Hawaii, i, 702, 704. Piraeus, Greece: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; number of immigrants from, and number debajnred for medical causes, i, 202. 884 The Immigration Commissicxi. Pittsbuig, Pa.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 32-35, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immigrant banks, ii, 413, 415; foreign departments in banks, ii, 418. Pittsburg College of the Holy Ghost, Pittsburg, Pa., ii, 8. PittsbuiK College of Pharmacy, Pittsburg, Pa., ii, 8. Plan ana scope of investigation, i, 13-16. Plate glass. See Glass manufacturing. Polack. See Polish. Poland: Divisions of, ii, 697, 698; regarded as geographic entity, i, 209; popula- tion, i, 259, 260; Russian Jews in, i, 246; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i. 134, 135, 137, 155, 156; in cities of United States, i, 145; crime among natives ot, ii, 194-197, 205-211. Police records abroad, of immigrants, recommendation re«ardinff, i, 45. Polish: Definition, i, 259, 260; number of immigrants a(unittea, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 260, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; inunigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; population in Europe, i, 214, 250, 259; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; niunber in Russian Poland, i, 260; number in United States, i, 583, 584; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 552, 557, 601, 733-737: employees studied, i, 320-333, 336- 347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classificaUon, i, 463-467, 602, 603, 737-739; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on JSnglish-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612, 769-779; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357-363, 607, 608, 760; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356. 603, 636, 637, 740; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613, 751, 769; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; number of breadwinners, i, 581, 778, 803, 827, 836; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366, 761, 762, 827, 836; in agricultural pursuits, i, 581- 587, 595, 8()0, 827, 836; in boot and shoe manufacturing, i, 827; in building trades, i, 789, 827; in clerical pursuits, i, 791, 814, 827, 836; in collar, cuff, and shirt man- ufacturing, i, 836: in cotton mills, i, 827, 836; in domestic and personal service, i, 805, 827, 836; uron and steel workers, i, 785, 827; laborers, i, 581, 781, 827; in laundries, i, 836; in manufacturing and mechanical pursuits, i, 827, 836; miners and quarrymen, i, 783, 827; in needle trades, i, 809, 836; in paper and pulp mills, i, 836; peddlers, i, 827, 836; in professional service, i, 797, 798, 827, 836; sales- men, agents, etc., i, 794, 817, 827, 836; in silk mills, i, 836; steam railroad employees, i, 827; teachers, i, 820, 836; in textile mills, i, 787, 811, 827, 836; in tobacco and cigar making, i, 827, 836 j in trade and transportation, i, 827, 836; in woolen mills, i, 836: wages and earmngs, i, 366-403. 405-411, 764-767; immigrant banks, ii, 413; uonily income, i, 412-417, 766; cnarity seekers, ii, 95-153; in charity nos- pitals, ii, 258-262, 270-275; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 238, 270; crime, ii, 174, 198-204. Political condition. See Citizenship. Political offenses, aliens coming to United States to escape prosecution for, recom- mendation of House of Representatives regarding, i, 10. Political reasons, little emigration for, i, 185, 187. Polygamists: Excluded by law, ii; 571, 620, 621; law regarding, ii, 732. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, Brooklyn, N. Y., ii, 8. Population: By age group and nativity, i, 146-148; United States and States of Western Division, by race, i, 621-623; proportions of native and foreign bom, 1900, ii, 234; persons of native and foreign parentage, 1900, ii, 235; foreign-bom, 1820- 1900, i, 123-125; number and per cent of foreign-bom, and per cent distribution of increase, 1850-1900, i, 126-138; native and foreign bom^ and per cent of increase, 1850-1900, 1, 132, 133; proportions of various nationalities among foreign-born, ii, 242; proportion of foreign-bom among white adults, 1900, ii, 165, 168; amon^ juve- niles, 1900, ii, 169, 170; nativity of males of voting age, i, 14&-156; distribution by class of place of residence, i, 139-144; concentration of foreign-bom in dtieSy i, 13^ Index. 885 145; instability of, in cities, i, 36; New York, ii, 290; Cleveland, Ohio, ii, 469; foreign-bom in Ohio, ii, 469; Minneapolis, Minn., ii, 482; foreign-bom in Minne- sota, ii, 482; Whiting, Ind., i, 528; Hawaii, i, 700, 709, 711^ 713; Japanese in United States, i, 662; persons of United States birth in Canada, ii, 618; United States and Australia compared, ii, 631; Australasia, 1788, ii, 632; Australia, 1901, ii, 632; Argentina, 1895 and 1897, ii, 639; Brazil, 1907, ii, 645. Portage County, Wis., Poles in potato industry, i, 585. Portland, Or^.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. Porto Rican: Number of households and persons studiea, i, 319, 320; length of resi- dence of students, ii, 84^ 85; on sugar plantations, i, 715; laborers in San Francisco, i, 663; charity seekers, li, 154; in schools^ i, 714; ii, 77; in Hawaii, i, 702, 703, 713. Porto Rico: Immigration by way of, regulations r^arding, ii, 779, 780; insane in insti- tutions, ii, 233; immigrants destinea to, i, 105-109. Ports of arrival, proposal to restrict immigration by limiting number admitted at, i, 48. Ports of embarkation, medical inspection abroad, i, 197-199, 202. Portugal: Provinces ^nd islands of, ii, 697; illiteracy in, i, 177; number of inmiimntJB from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 136, 137, 623; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 3C6-403; literacy, i, 438-447. Portuguese: Definition, i, 260; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 260, 592, 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104 j money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 712; gopulation in Europe, i, 214, 260; number in United States, i, 652 ; pumber of house- olds and persons studied, i, 316-320, 552, 553, 557, 601, 639-642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347j 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467, 602, 603; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484, 609, 612; occupation abroad, i, 100, 101, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 603, 636, 637; ii, 84; length of residence, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481, 610, 613; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280-285; residence in agricultural locality, i, 604; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; in agri- cultural pursuits, i, 592-595, 651-653; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411; immigrant banks, ii, 413; family income, i, 412-417, 712; charity seekers, ii, 95-153; ii, 154; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; status of children, i, 470-474; ii, 143-147; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-31, 33-42, 49-55, 64-66, 72, 76-80: literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447, 612, 613; English- speaking^ i, 474-484, 609-611; li, 151, 152; citizenship, i, 484-489; ii, 152, 153; in labor umons, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; ii, 137-142; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419-422; size of apart- ments and of households, i, 426, 430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461^63; number in California, i, 652; number in Lawrence, Mass., i, 514; in Hawaii, i, 702- 704, 708, 712-715, 717; ii, 154, 629; immigrants to Canada, ii, 612; to Brazil, i, 260; ii, 645, 646. Postal savings banks abroad, remittances through, ii, 429. Postal substations, operated by immigrant bankers, ii, 422. Post-Office Department: Reports of auditor for, referred to, ii, 426; allows immigrant bankers to operate substations, ii, 422. Potato famine in Ireland, 1847, increased emigration to United States, ii, 591. Powder manufacturing: Employees studied, i, 627-634; Chinese employed in, i, 655. Powderly, T. V., quoted, i, 200, 201. Previous residence in United States: Reported by only about 12 per cent of immi- ^njitB from Europe, i, 184; immigrants admitted, 1899-1910, i, 104. Pnntera, lithographers, and pressmen, number of breadwinners reported as, i, 821-838. Prisoners, alien, in United States in 1908, ii, 211-220. (See also Crime.) Professional service: Male breadwinners engaged in, i, 795-798, 821-829; female bread- winners, i, 818-820, 830-838; leading pursuits in, among immigrants, i, 798; immi- grants in cities engaged in, i, 761, 762. Progress of Chinese, Japanese, and Mexicans in the West, i, 660, 666, 670, 671, 683-685. (^ee also Assimilation.) Promotion of emigration by steamship ticket agents, i, 190. {See also Induced immi- gration.) Property owned by immigrants: In Hawaii, i, 717, 718; East Indians in United States, almost none, i, 681. {See also Home ownership.) Prostitutes: Excluded by law of 1875, ii, 567, 579; Senate committee proposed to add to excluded classes, 1906, i, 9; amendment to law with regard to, 1907, ii, 575; excluded by present law, i, 110; ii, 577, 620; law regarding, ii, 732, 733, 744, 745, 769; importation of, i, 30; rejections, ii, 330; nationality, ii, 332, 333; excluded from Australia, ii, 633; excluded, and liable to deportation, from Canada, ii, 620, 625. (See dUo Prostitution.) 886 The Immigration Commission. Prostitution: Abstract of report on, ii, 323-350; increase in, largely caused b>[ immi- gration, ii, 164; Japanese on Pacific coast, i, 675; crimes connected with, ii^ 173, 187, 204, 210, 211, 218; girls from immigxunt homes and aid societies supphed to houses of, ii, 320-322. (See also Prostitutes and Whiton^ve traffic.) Protection of newly arrived immigrants: In Argentina, ii^ 641-643; in Brazil, ii, 647. {See also Homes and aid societies and Aid furnished to immigrants.) Providence, R. I.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teachers, ii, 52-63: parochial school pupils, ii, 64-72, 75; inunigrant banks, ii, 413; Italian agricultural colony near, i, 561. Prussia, number of Lithuanians in, i, 254. Prussian immigration to Canada, ii, 6H. Pubescence of boys, ii, 536-541. Public charges: Massachusetts immigration law of 1837 provided against immigrants becoming, ii, 567; legislation reaming, i, 110; ii, 569; present law, ii, 732, 769, 770, 774; immigrants debarred as likely to oecome, 1892-1910, i^ 111; reconmiendation, i, 45; immigrants via Canada, in New York almshouses, ii, 570; persons liable to become, excluded from Canada, ii, 619, 620, 625; excluded from Australia, ii, 633, 634; excluded from Brazil, ii, 647. {See aho Charity seekers. Charity hospitaJs, Paupers, etc.) Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service, conducts medical examination at immi- grant stations, i, 34. Public schools, study of children in, ii, 9-48, 70-72. {See also Schools.) Purpose of investigation, i, 12. Pypin, classification of Slavic tongues, i, 274. Q. Quatrefages, de, classification of races by, i, 257, 258. Queensland, immigration and emigration, ii, 632, 633. {See aho Australia.) Queenstown, Ireland: Inspection of emigrants, i. 198; rejections, i, 199: number of immigrants from, and number debarred for medical causes, i, 202. R. Race, use of term explained, i, 17. Races: General description of, i, 223-225; number of basic, i, 210, 211; of Europe, anthropologically defined, i, 218. Races or peoples: Abstract of dictionary of, i, 205-283; native to immigrant-furnishing countries, list of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; classification according to, instead of b^ countries, explained, i, 97, 170, 209, 210, 234, 235; European, population and emi- gration, i. 214. {See also separate races.) Race distrioution of employees: In manufacturing and mining, i, 332-335, 343-348; in Western Division, i, 635, 636. {See also Racial classification.) Race prejudice: In manufacturing and mining, i, 501, 502; against Chinese, i, 657; a^nst Japanese, i, 660, 661, 666, 673, 675, 676; against East Indians, i, 682; causes displacement of races in Hawaii, i, 712, 713. Racial classification: Adopted by Immigration Commission, i, 17; of New England cotton-mill operatives, i, 511, 512; of bituminous coal mine employees, i, 506; of employees of various glass factories, i, 522-524, 526, 527. {See also Country of birth, Native-bom, Foreign-bom, Nationality, Nativity and race. New and old immigra- tion. Races or peoples, and separate races.) Racial displacements. See Displacements, racial. Racine, Wis.: Foreign-born in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 153. Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Mass., ii, 8. Railroads: Greek laborers under padrone system, ii, 405, 406; peonage in Minnesota and North Dakota camps, ii, 447; East Indians in construction work in California, i, 678; Canada pays bonus on immigrants who will work on, ii, 608. {See dUo Transportation . ) Ramsey, W. K., jr., prepared report on immigrant banks, i, 3; abstract of report, ii, 409-438. Ranke, Otto, investigations of phenomena of growth, referred to, ii, 553. Ravenstein: Estimate of number of Irish, i, 249; opinion on Wele^ language, i, 283. Reading and writing. See Literacy and Illiteracy. Reasons for coining, given by immigrants in cities, i, 730. {See also Causes of emigra- tion and Emigration conditions in Europe.) Reasons for employment of recent immigrants, i, 493, 494. Recent immigrants. See New and old immi^tion. Reciprocity treaty of 1876, opened American markets to Hawaiian planters, i, 699. Reel us: Estimate of population of Roumania, i, 263; statistics of religions in Ireland, i, 249; on the Morlaks, i, 229. hAex. 887 Recommendations: Of Immigration Commission, L 30, 45-48, 691; ii, 577, 602; White-slave traffic law a result of, i, 30; ii, 577; Uovemment supendsion of ships carrying steerage passengers, ii, 602; East Indians, i, 691; of various persons regard- ing immigrant banking, ii, 437, 438; of Industrial Commission, ii, 574; of various Con^pressional committees, ii, 570-^72. (See also Investigations.) Recrmts, militarv, per cent of illiteracy among, various countries, i, 177. Red Russian, dennition of term, i, 267. {See also Ruthenian.) Registration: System of registration, certification, and identification of Chinese, proposed 1882, ii, 580; of Chinese, required, ii, 581-583. Regulation of immigration. President authorized to send conmiissionerB abroad for, i, 10, 28. Regulations regarding — Admission or exclusion, ii, 748-769; cattlemen, ii, 776; deportation, ii, 769-r774; head tax, ii, 747, 748; insular territory, ii, 779,780; miscellany, ii, 776-780; transit, ii, 774, 775. {See also Inmiigration law.) Rejections, law regarding, ii, 750. (See also Aliens debarred^ Religions: Of India, i, 248; of Russia, i, 264; United Greek Church, i, 267; of Serbo- Croatians, i, 230; nimiber of Christians, in Persia, i, 259, majority of Japanese on Pacific coast adhere to Buddhist faith, i, 675; cooperation of Canadian inmiigration department with church authorities, ii. 627. Religious oppression: Little enii^tion due to, i, 185, 187; aliens coming to United States to escape, recommendations regarding, i, 10; ii, 574, 575. Remittances abroad. See Money sent abroad. Rent paid: In various industries, i, 298-312; in manufacturing and mining, i, 41&-422; average per apartment, room, and person, i, 420; native ana foreign bom compared, i, 420, 421; old and new immi^tion compared, i, 421, 422; immigrants in cities, i, 729, 730, 756-759; higher in aties on Atlantic coast than on Great Lakes, \, 729. (See also separate races.) Repatriation: Of Canadians in United States, desired by Canada, ii, 617; of certain classes of immigrants to Brazil, ii, 647. RepK>rts of Immigration Commission, list of, i, 21. Residence in locality, length of: Immigrants in cities, i, 730; in agricultural pursuits, i, 604. Residence in United States, length of: Immigrants in manufacturing and mining, i, 348-^56; in cities, i, 728, 740; in agriculture, i, 573, 603; in the West, i, 636, 637, 645: of insane aliens, ii, 246, 247 ; of alien prisoners, ii. 174, 175, 211, 218-220; of charity gatients, ii, 263-266, 279-285, 290; of departing aliens, i. 116, 183; of students of igher educational institutions, ii, 84, 85; effects of, on aoility to speak English, i, 477-481, 610, 648, 690, 769; on literacy, i, 445, 446, 613, 771; on citizenship, i, 488, 690; on return visits abroad, i, 181^ 461-463; on keeping of boarders and lodgers, i, 751; on congestion, i, 746; on chanty seeking, ii, 147-151; on bodily form, ii, 507, 527-535, 548; on retardation of school children^ ii, 41. (See also Previous residence in United States, Return movement, and Visits abroad.) Restriction of immigration: Recommendations, i, 47, 48; favored by Senate, 1906-7, i, n. Retardation of school children, ii, 26-31, 36-43. Return movement: Permanent and transient emigration, i, 179-181; laxgely com- posed of recent inmiigrants, i, 24, 181; character of , i, 184; causes, i, 184; effects of, in Europe^ i, 169, 184, 185; influence on emigration from Europe, i, 187, 188; effect of industrial depression, i, 500, 514; men without families, i, 38; effect on foreign- bom population, i, 124, 125; Bravas, i, 600; Mexicans, i, 682; Italians, from Lawrence, Mass., 1. 514; of United States emigrants to Canada, ii, 618; steamship companies required to furnish lists of outgoing passengers, ii, 575. (See also Aliens departing. Emigration, Previous residence in United States, Residence in United States, Visits abroad, etc.) Rhode Island: Forei^-bom in, i, 126, 128, 149, 151^ 155; citizenship, i, 150, 152; immigrants destined to, i, 105-109; Italian communities, i, 560; employees in manu- factures, mines, and quarries, i, 492; insanity, ii, 232; fecundity of women, ii, 457- 469, 494-500; immigrant banks, ii, 414; private banking virtually prohibited, ii, 434; bank commissioner quoted, ii, 438. Ripley, W. Z., classification of races, i, 218, 224, 225, 245, 253, 256, 266, 269, 280. Rooinson, author of Loom and Spindle, quoted, i, 508, 509. Rochester, N. Y.: Immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; immi^pmt banks, ii, 413. Rockford, 111.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151; citizenship, i, 152. Rocky Mountain States: Abstract of report on, i, 617-694; conclusions, i, 41; few immigrant banks, ii, 415. (See also Pacific Coast and Rocky Mountain States.) Romance or Italic population, i, 226. Romany. See Gypey. 888 The Immigration Commission. Rooms, average number per apartment, immigrants in cities, i, 741, 742. {See aJUo Congestion, Housing conditions, Persons per room, etc.) Rope, twine, and hemp manufacturing, employees in, i, 336-348. Rose, C, investigations of phenomena of growth, referred to, ii, 553. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Inspection of emigrants, i, 198; rejections, i, 199; number of immigrants from, and number debarred tor medical causes, i, 202. Roumania: Departments of, ii, 697; races of, ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 263; number of Roumanians in, i, 263; Gypsies, i, 245; Hebrews, i, 246; illiteracy in, i, 177; immigrants from, 1820-1910, i, 65-96; 1882 and 1907, i, 167; natives of, in United States, i, 134; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347; literacy, i, 438-447. Roumanian: Definition, i, 261-263; number of immigrants, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 263, ■ 625; proportion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in Unitea States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population in Europe, i, 214, 262; number in Austria-Hungary, i, 219; number in Roumania, i, 263; number in Servia, 1, 231; number of households and persons studied, i. 316-320, 642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356; ii, 84; resi- dence in United States, effect on Englisn-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461- 463, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 280-285; occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-366; wages and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412, 417; charity seekers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272; insanity and mental defects, ii, 237. 238; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 64-66, 76-80; literacy, i, 99, 175, 438-447; Englisn-speakin^, i, 474-484; citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 418; con- jugal condition, i, 447-460; location of wife, i, 459, 460; home ownership, i, 467-470; renl^paid, i, 419-422; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boarders and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; in Canada, ii, 612, 625. Royal Italian Agricultural Commission, investigation by, i, 165. Rudler, estimate of population of Holland, i, 232. Runners: Employed by immigrant banks to solicit patronage, ii, 420, 421; by steam- ship agents to solicit emigration, ii, 384. Rural immigration, origin of Italian, i, 561-563. {See aleo Agriculture, recent immi- grants in.) Russia: Divisions of, ii, 697, 698; races of, i^ 266; ii, 685, 700, 713, 721, 726; population, i, 265, 266; illiteracy, i, 177; Germans m, i, 242; Gypsies, i, 245; Hebrews, i, 246, Poles, i, 259; Roumanians, i, 263; Lithuanian and Lettish population, i, 254, 255; immigrant remittances to, ii, 425, 427, 429; steerage laws referred- to, ii, 599, 600; deserting seamen from, at New York, ii, 360; emigration, except of Poles and Hebrews, prohibited, i, 168, 190, 260; emigration not general, i, 186; steamship ticket agents induce emigration, i, 190, 191; immigration from, i, 214, 215, 243, 265; natives of, in United States, i, 134, 135, 137, 155, 156, 623; in cities of United States, •i, 145; crime, ii, 164, 183-188, 194-197, 205-211; insanity and feeble-mindedness, ii, 239-242; children of immigrants from, employed, i, 320-333, 336-347, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; earnings, i, 366-403; literacy, i, 438t447; conjugal condi- tion, i, 447-460. {See also Russian Empire.) Russian: Definition, i, 263-267; religions, i, 264; number of persons speaking langua^, i, 235; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 265, 625; projwrtion of males, i, 98; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; immigrants from Honolulu, i, 711, 712; population in Europe, i, 213, 214, 242, 265. 266; number in Roumania, i, 263; emigration to Siberia, i, 705; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, 639^642; employees studied, i, 320-333, 336-347, 506, 507, 627-636; age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 136, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on English-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172, 173, 357^63; length of residence, i, 116, 349-356, 636, 637; ii, 84, 85; residence in United States, effect on English- speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 147-151, 263-266, 280- 285; number of breadwinners, i, 778, 803, 827, 836; occupation, i, 117, 118. Ruthenian: Definition, i, 267-269; number of immigrants admitted, i, 97, 171, 214, 215, 269, 625; destination, i, 106-109; previous residence in United States, i, 104; money on landing, i, 103; population m Europe, i, 214, 268; number in Austria- Hungary, i, 219; number of households and persons studied, i, 316-320, employeee studied, 1, 320-^3, 336^347, 627-636: age classification, i, 463-467; ii, 286-290; age at time of coming, effect on Englisn-speaking and literacy, i, 446, 447, 481-484; occupation abroad, i, 100-102, 172^ 173, 357-363; length of residence, i, 116, 349- 356; li, 84; residence in United States, effect on English-speaking, literacy, etc., i, 445, 446, 461-463, 477-481; ii, 263-266, 280-285: occupation, i, 117, 118, 363-^66; waffes and earnings, i, 366-403, 405-411, 764-766; family income, i, 412-417; chari^ seeKers, ii, 95-109; in charity hospitals, ii, 258-261, 270-272: insanity and mental defects, ii, 228, 237, 270; status of children, i, 470-474; in schools, ii, 10-16, 18-27, 33-37, 64-66, 7^-80; literacv, i, 99, 175, 438-i47; Englishngpealdi^, i, 474-484, citizenship, i, 484-489; in labor unions, i, 417-419; conjugal condition, i, 447-460; locaticm oi wife, i, 459, 460: home owncsship, i, 467-470; rent paid, i, 419^22; size of apartments and of households, i, 426-430; persons per room, i, 430-438; boajxiers and lodgers, i, 422-426; return movement, i, 112-118, 180, 182; visits abroad, i, 461-463; number in Whiting, Ind., i, 528. S. Safarik, opinion of, on Slovak dialects, i, 276, 277. Sailinff vessels: Steerage conditions, 1819-1855, ii, 589-594: number of immifi;rant8 landed at Castle Garden, 1856-1873, ii, 595; tonnage employed in carriageof emi« grants, Europe to United States, January to June, 1847, u, 595. St. Louis, Mo.: Public school pupils, ii, 14, 15, 17-23, 74 j teachers, ii. 52-63; immi- grants as charity seekers^ ii, 93-115; immigrant banks, li. 413, 415; foreign depart^ ments in banks, ii, 418; immigration to boot and shoe industry, i, 519. St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo., ii, 8. St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Ma., ii, 8. St. Marv's Theological Seminary, Cleveland, Ohio, ii, 8. St. Paul, Minn., immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115. St. Paul Coll^ of Law, St. Paul, Minn., ii, 8. St. Vincent's Seminary, Germantown, Pa., ii, 8. Salesmen, agents, etc., male breadwinners reported as, i, 793-795, 821-829. Saleswomen, fenmle breadwinners reported as, i, 815-817, 830-838. Salient characteristics of recent imimgrant labor supply, i. 498-500. Saloon keepers and bartenders, male breadwinners reported as^ i, 821-829. Salopoulos, N., Greek consul-general at Chicago, letters from, ii, 397, 398. Salt refining near San Francisco, Japanese engaged in, i, 664. Salvation Army, En^ish, promotes emimtion to Canada, ii, 608. San Francisco, Gal.: Foreign-bom in male population, i, 151 j citizenship, i, 153; pub- lic school pupils, ii, 14^ 15, 17-23, 71, 72, 74; teacners, ii, 52-63; parochial school ffunils, ii, 64, 72, 75; immigrants as charity seekers, ii, 93-115; number of East naians admitted at port, January to September, 1910, i, 677. Sanitation. See Housing conditions. Toilet accommodations, Water supply, etc. Sanscritic. See Aryan. Sardinia. See Italy, number of immigrants from. Saigent, Frank P., quoted, i, 201. 72289«— VOL 1—11 57 890 The IminigratioD Commission. Savaimah, Ga.y deserting alien seamen, ii, 360. Savings: Of East Indians, i, 681; of Japsinese, i, 675; of immignnts in Hawaii, i,'717. {See also Home ownership, Money sent abroad, eU.) Saw and planing mill employees, male breadwinners reported as, i, 821-829. Saxon immigration to Canada, ii, 611. 