None
572 THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS, ETC. [CHAP. LVII (4) Wens or sebaceous cysts (^atheroma or steatoma) are usu- ally due to distension of the duct of a sebaceous gland and hair- follicle (Fig. 308 g g^ K) by accumulated secretion. Remains of embryonic clefts, or epithelial structures ^vhich have in some ab- normal fashion become embedded in the corium or subcutaneous tissue, sometimes form the starting-point for these cysts, which are occasionally as large as a hazel-nut or walnut, or may even reach the size of the fist. The contents consist of a pulpy greasy mass composed of fatty detritus, cast-off epidermal cells, and often cholesterin, enclosed within a fibrous capsule lined with stratified squamous epithelium. In the case of cysts originating from the hair-follicles and sebaceous glands the capsule is smooth on its inner surface, and the epithelium is many-layered. In the deep- seated cysts due to enclosure of foetal residues, the capsule pos- sesses the structure of skin, including a papillary layer covered with epidermis. Such cysts are accordingly classed with dermoid tumours. Papillary outgrowths at times rise from the inner surface of a wen, either from traumatic causes or idiopathically, giving rise to endocystic condylomata or papillomata ; these may be regarded as akin to the forms comprised under the term papillary cystoma. Sometimes the entire cyst is packed with branching cauliflower- growths. In rare cases the structure of some parts of the growth resembles that of carcinomatous epithelioma. Processes of corni- fication and calcification, the latter affecting both the epithelium and the connective tissue, are apt to be set up in the capsule of a wen, transforming it into a hard globular tumour, which in some cases closely resembles an osteoma. Wens are usually seated on the scalp, the back of the neck, or the face, more rarely on the trunk or limbs. References on Wens and on Tumours originating from them. Caspary: Adenoma sebaceum A.f. Derm, xxiii 1891 Chenantais : Calcitied epithelioma of sebaceous glands These Paris 1881 Chiari: Atheroma and encapsulated epidermoid tumours of the subcutaneous connective tissue TageM. d. Natmfoi'schercers. in Salzburg 1881 ; The gene- sis of atheroma-cysts Prager Z. f. Heilk. xii 1891, and Trans, internal, med. congr. 1890 ii Berlin 1891 FoRSTER : Dry cancroid Verh. d. phys.-med. Gesellsch. in Wilrzhurg x Franke : Atheroma A. f. klin. Chir. xxxiv 1886-87; Carcinomatous degen- eration of epidermoid tumours V. A. 121 1890 Lagrange : Anatomie pathoJogique et patkogcnie du chalazion Paris 1889 VON NoORDEN : Calcified epithelioma Beitrdge von Bruns in Tiibingen 1888 Peters : Calcified endothelioma Beitrdge von Bruns xii 1894 Weknher : Atheroma, an encapsulated epithelioma V. A. 8 1855 Wilckens: Ossification and calcification of the skin Inaug. Diss. Gottingen 1858 172. Each hair according to its size has a definite period of existence. When this is at an end, the hair is shed and its place ART. 172] DISEASES OF THE HAIR 573 is taken by a new one. The replacement is effected by the cells at the tip of the papilla ceasing to grow and multiply, in conse- quence of which the old hair with its inner root-sheath is sepa- rated from the papilla, which thereupon atrophies. According to Stieda the young hair is produced by a new papilla. Long thick hairs live longer than shoi't and fine ones. To maintain the uniform growth of the hair as a whole a con- stant relation must be kept up between the loss of old hairs and the production of new. When this relation is disturbed by hind- rances to production, the result is alopecia ur baldness. Kaposi distinguishes the following forms. (1) Alopecia adnata^ or congenital deficiency of hair, is sel- dom an enduring condition. (2) Alopecia (clarifies) acquisita is natural in old age (alopecia senilis), but it may appear much earlier (alopecia praematura~). In the baldness of age the skin exhibits the changes described in Art. 139 (Fig. 269) ; but it is to be noted that they do not appear till after the hair has disappeared, and they cannot therefore be the cause of baldness. Alopecia praematura may be either idiopathic or symptomatic. In the former case the hair falls off without visible disease of the skin. Symptomatic baldness is usual as a result of inflammatory processes which induce appreciable changes in the scalp, such as eczema, erysipelas, lupus, syphilitic eruptions, etc., and it also accompanies or follows affections such as typhoid fever, syphilis, tuberculous cachexia, and the like. The continuous develoj^ment of the hair from its bulb is interfered with by the inflammatory pro- cess, and the hair thus ceases to grow and is shed. If the papillae are not destroyed the hair may afterwards be reproduced. When the denudation takes place over isolated ^^atches the af- fection is described as alopecia areata (area Celsi or p or rig o decal- vans). Some writers (Grube, jSIalassez, Thin, Eichhorst, Lassar) consider this affection to be due to a parasitic fungus, while others (Barensprung, Auspitz, Kaposi, Schwimmer, Joseph, Michelson, Fournier) look upon it as a trophoneurosis. Others again (such as Eichhoff) think that alopecia areata is not always due to the same cause, while Behrend attributes it to some local disturbance of the circulation. The loss of hair may take place over a single patch or in man}', and in the end may extend to the entire surface of the body. According to Behrend the affected hairs are infiltrated with minute air-bubbles down to the extreme end of the root. In most cases the bald spots sooner or later Ijecome covered over with downy hairs, and ultimately with normal hairs. Baldness coming on during adolescence (i.e. after puberty), in which the hairs of successive crops become shorter and shorter lived, and the scalp is covered with an al)undant l)rannv or floury desquamation, is described as alopecia pityrodes or furfuracea. 574 THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS, ETC. [CHAP. LVII Failure of the hair and exfoliation of the skin are simultaneous, the cutis is attenuated (Pincus), and the hair-follicles are stunted and atrophic (Fig. 308 c). The scales consist of morbidly-altered and abnormally-solidified sebum. Alopecia pityrodes is referable either to some inherited predis- position or to one or other of the diseases mentioned above. Trichorhexis nodosa is an anomalous mode of growth of the hairs, in which swollen nodes are produced in their course, whereat they are apt to break off. It is rare as a general affection, but is not uncommon in the case of single hairs, particularly in the beardo AccordiuQf to MiCHELSOoSr it is due to abnormal dryness of the hair, and is of the same nature as the terminal splitting and fork- ing which often take place in individual hairs. Ringstreaked hairs {pili annulati) are marked with bands alternately light and dark. The light bands are somewhat swollen and enclose air-containing clefts (Landois), According to Behrend, in very rare cases hairs are met with in which what look like nodular thickenings occur at regular intervals, but in these it is the internodal portions that are morbidly altered, inas- much as they are attenuated and devoid of the normal central canal. The nails are frequently misformed or defective, and ab- normally thin and brittle, or misplaced, generally as a result of inflammations or of direct injury. References on Alopecia and on Reproduction of the Hair. VON Barensprung : Alopecia areata Charite'-Annalen viii Behrend : Alopecia areata Bed. klin. Woch. 1887, and V. A. 109 1887 and 116 1889 Besnier : Sur la pelade Paris 1888 BucHXER : Aetiology of area Celsi V. A. 7i 1878 EiCHHOFF : Is alopecia areata contagious? Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm. 1888 EiCHHORST : Alopecia areata V. A. 78 1879 GioVANNiNi : The normal development of and certain changes that take place in the human hair F. /. Derm, xiv 1887; Reproduction of hair after epila- tion A. f. mikrosk. Anai. 36 1890, and A. ital. de hiol. :s.v 1891; Morbid histology of baldness Ann. de dermat. ii 1892 Joseph: Aetiology of alopecia areata Cent. f. med. Wiss. 1866; Monatsh. f. prakt. Derm. 1886, and V. A. 107 1887 Lassar : Alopecia areata D. med. Woch . 1881 Malassez : Alopecia pityrodes A. de physiol. 1874 Michelson: Aetiology of area Celsi V. A. 80 1880 Pincus : Alopecia pityrodes V. A. 37 1866, 41 and 43 1868 Schein: Growth of the human skin and hair A. f. Derm, xxiv 1892 ScHULTZE : Theories concerning area Celsi V. A. 80 1880 Schwimmer: Die neuropath. Dermatoxen Vienna 1882 VON Seiilen: Fortschr. d. Med. i, and V. A. 99 1885 Stieda : Growth of hair Biolng. Cent, vii 1887 Unna : Alopecia pityrodes Monatsh, f, prakt. Derm., i 1882 ART, 173] HYPERTRICHOSIS 575 References on Nodes of the Hair and Trichorhexis. Behrend : Node-formation on the hair-shaft V. A . 103 1886 Eichhorst: Trichorhexis nodosa Z.f. kiln. Med. vii (supplement) 1883 Lesser : Pili annulati V. f. Derm, xiii 1886 Michelson: Volkmann's 1-lin. Vortrdge no. 120, and Ziemssen's Handb. d. spec. Path. XIV RoESER : Trichoptilosis Ann. de dermat. ix 1878 WoLFBERG : D. med. Woch. 1884 173. Abnormal overgrowth of hair (JiypertricTiosis, hirsuties., polytrichia) is hereditary or at least congenital (^hypertrichosis hereditaria}, or acquired in later life (Iiypertrichosis acquisita). Congenital hypertrichosis is universal, the whole body being shaggy (as in ' hairy men '), or it is local and affects only par- ticular parts. Universal hypertrichosis is usually a family peculiarity, and may affect the entire face and forehead. An abnormal growth of hair on the chin and upper lip in women is not uncommon. ]Moles and pigment-spots are often thickly be- set with hairs. Many cases of sacral hypertrichosis have been recorded ; it is generally associated with spina bifida occulta (von Recklinghausen). Acquired hypertrichosis has been observed in a few cases as an accompaniment of spinal diseases (Erb, Schiefferdecker) and as a consequence of chronic irrita- tion of the skin (Kaposi). Overgrowth of the nails (Jiy per onychia) in length and thick- ness is frequently met witli, and they are often at the same time distorted, rough, or tuberculated. Excessively long nails become curved into claws (onychogryphosis) . When they become exces- sively broad they are apt to cut into the soft j)arts, giving rise to haemorrhage and inflammation (ingrowing nails, inearnatio unguis). Abnormal enlargement of the nails may take place without any perceptible cause. In other cases it is a concomitant of ichthyosis or psoriasis, or follows on inflammatory affections. References on Iiypertrichosis. Bartels : Hypertrichosis Z.f. Ethnol. viii 1876, xi 1879, xiii 1881 Beigel: Iiypertrichosis V. A. 44 1868 Bonnet: Hype7-trichosls congenita universal^ Wiesbaden 1892 Chiari : Hypertrichosis Prag. med. Woch. 1890 EcKER : Ueber abnorme Behaarung d. Menschen Brunswick 1878 FiJRST: V. A. 96 1884 Geyl : Observations on hypertrichosis Biolog. Cent, vm 1888 Hilbert: V. A.QQ 1885' Michelson: V. A. lUU 1885, and Ziemssen's Handb. d. spec. Path, xiv VON Recklinghausen: Spina bifida V. A. 105 1886 Yirchow-Ornstein: Z.f. Ethnol. vii 1875, and viii 1876 Wilson : Hairy men Lectures on dermatology London 1878 INDEX OF SUBJECTS ( The numbers abnormalities of the heart 17 abscess, cerebellar 430 cerebral 429 cold articular 188 of bone 186 tuberculous 284 consecutive of bone 186 ....... in tuberculous disease of ver- tebrae 101 metastatic of bone-marrow 171 ... of brain 428, 429 heart-muscle 53 muscle 307 spinal cord 346 periarterial 74 splenic 112 acarus scabiei 546 acetabulum, chans;es in after resection 253 achondroplasia 202 achorion Schonleiuii 643 achroma 496 acne 525. albida 571. indurata 525. mentagra 525 ,. punctata 525 ,. pustulosa 525. rosacea 492, 558. sebacea 570. syphilitica 538 acrania 388 acrochordon 571 acromegaly, hypertrophic ostitis in 178 pituitary body in 404 actinomycosis of brain 433 heart 55 muscle 309 pericardium 63 spleen 115 Addison's disease, pigmentation of skin in 496 adenia, simple 130 adenoma of pituitary body 464 ainhuin 528 albinism 496 sweat glands 568 refer to the pages) alopecia 573 acquisita 573 adnata 573 areata 573 clavites 573 pityrodes 573 praematura 573 senilis 573 amyloid degeneration of fibrous tissue of joints 248 lymph - glands 117 joint- cartilages 248 muscle 299 spleen 105 amyotrophy, bulbar 292 progressive 365 .'^ spinal 292, 358 spinal 292 anaemia 3, 4 cachectic 5 cryptogenetic 4 of the skin 492 pernicious 4 anaemic infarction of spleen 107 anaesthesia, cutaneous 502 anencephalia, partial hydrocephalic 397 aneurysm 83 anastomotic 89 arterial haematoma in 88 arteriosclerotic 84, 87 by distension 84 erosion 88 rupture 84 cirsoid 83 congenital 89 dissecting 84 embolic 87 cerebral apoplexy as a result of 88 false 83 haemorrhage in 87 hernial 88 infective 88 locus minoris resistentiae in 86 mycotic 88 i n INDEX OF SUBJECTS ( The numbers refer to the pages) aneurysm of aorta, changes in the wall of 87 results of 87 parasitic 88 partial of the heart 50, 51 racemose 89 rupture of 87 saccular 83, 86 spurious 89 varicose 89 strongylus armatus as a cause of 88 traumatic 88 true 83 valvular 38 varicose 87 aneurysmal varix 89 angioma of brain 440 muscle 312 skin 500, 557 spinal meninges 378. spleen 116 angiomyxoma of meninges of the brain 454 angiomyxosarcoma of meninges of the brain 454 angiosarcoma of meninges of the brain 454 meninges 378 spinal cord 372 angle, facial, of Camper 206 anliydraemia 3, 4 animal parasites of skin 545 ankylosis 252, 257 bony 192, 255 capsular 256 cartilaginous 254 extra-capsular 256 fibrous interosseous 255 firm fibrous 259 from deformity 256 intercartilaginous 254 in unreduced dislocation 259 mixed forms of 256 osseous 278 partim interossea partim in- tercartilaginea 255 true 254 anthrax, simple 525 specific 526 antrum of Highmore 147 aorta, aneurysm of 87 circumference of 24 dorsalis 22 stenosis and atresia of 18 aortic arches 22 obliteration of 22 bulb 21 aortitis verrucosa 71 aphasia, ataxic, in softening of the brain 421 apoplexy, cerebral 422 apoplexy, cortical 443 appendices auricularum 20 apposition of bone in resection of joints 252 arachnoid 442 of spinal cord 373 area Celsi 573 artei'ial angioma, racemose 89 arches, transformations of 22 coats, rupture of as a cause of aneurysm 84 trunks, transposition of 17 tumour, vascular 89 walls, atrophy of 85 arteries, amyloid degeneration of 66 aneurvsuial dilatations of cere- bral 422 atheroma of 68 atheromatous degeneration of 72 patches of 68 plaques of 68 ulcers of 68 calcareous infiltration of QQ, 68 calcification of 66 circumscribed arterio-sclerosis of (58 diffuse arterio-sclerosis of 67 dilatation of 71, 83 fatty degeneration of intima of 65 media of 66 fibrous hyperplasia of 77, 79 granular degeneration of QQ haematoma accompanying 84 hyaline degeneration of QQ hypertrophy of 72 inllammation of 72 ligation of 75 morbid changes in 65 muscle-fibres of Q^ obliteration of 7 1, 74 ossification of 67 rupture of 71, 83 sclerosis of 67 sclerotic plates of 68 arterio-sclerosis as a cause of aneurysm 84 circumscribed 68 diffuse 67 nodose 68 arteritis 38, 72 consecutive 76 fungous 188 gangrenous 76 gummatous gi-anulations in 78 haematogenous without throm- bosis 75 aetiology of 76 hyperplastic 71, 76 proliferans nodosa 80 proliferous 71 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 111 ( The numbers r arteritis, scrofulous 188 secondary 76 suppurative 76 sypliilltic 78 sypliilitica obliterans 79 thrombi in 71 tuberculous 79 verrucosa 71 arterlolitlis 75 arthritis ankylopoetica 275 caseous nodes in tuberculous 284 chalky deposits in gouty 280 chronic 263 ankylosing 263, 275, 278 deforming 263, 268 dry 264 ulcerating 278 exudative 264 iiouty 263 infective 263 neuropathic 263 purulent 263, 264 senile 263 traumatic 263 deformans 181 arborescent lipoma in 271 articular ends of bones in 272 chronic 268, 278 hypertropli- ic prolifera- tion of joints in 250 degenerative changes in 268 hyperplastic prolif- eration in 268 mobility of joints in 273 resorption of bone in 271 subchondral cysts in 272 dislocation from caries in tuber- culous 285 dry chronic ulcerative 263 fungous 282 gouty 261, 280 granular 282 localisation of chronic serous 264 pauperum 275 purulent 261 seat of tuberculous 285 senile 278 serous 261 sinuses in tuberculous 284 tophi in gouty 280 tuberculous 189 arthrocace 188, 285 efer to the pages) arthropathy, cause of 279 neurogenous 279 situation of 279 arthropathies, tertiary syphilitic 285 articular contracture 256 dropsy, chronic 264 associative fibres of the cerebrum 384 asteatosis 570 astrocytes 324 ataxia, hereditary 369 atheroma 572 of arteries 69 blood-vessels of the brain 417. 190, 282, 346, 380, 432, 449, 532 bacon .spleen 105 barber's itch 545 beri-beri 473 bibliography (see references) blebs 505 blister 511 due to cantharides 511 blood 3 amount of 3 fat in 6 fibrin ferment in 6 haemoglobin in 3, 6 and lymph, Sect, i blister 493 composition of 3 corpuscles contained in 3 current, foreign bodies in 73 deficiency in formation of 5 dry residue in normal 6 proportion of white corpuscles in 3,8 quantity of, in lower animals 6 transfusion of 6 boils 525 IV INDEX OF SUBJECTS {The numbers refer to the pages) bone, abnormal brittleness of 148 abscess of 188 , sequestrum of 173 absorption of sequestrum 173 actinomycosis of 1!)5 acute haeniatogenous inflamma- tion of 170 aetiology of tumours of 235 anaemic necrosis of 174 angioma of 242 animal parasites of 231, 244 appearance of, during resorption 142 apposition in inflammation of 170 resection of joints 252 of 169, 179 arrest of development of 199 architectural structure of spongy 203 atrophic affections of 141 , from disuse 145 atrophy from pressure on 146 inflammations 147 , the development of tumours 147 in fractures 145 in stumps 145 carcinoma of 231, 242 carcinomatous caries of 242 caries of 148, 170 cartilaginous 196 caseous nodes in 186 causes of deformity of the articu- lar surfaces of 227 cavernous excavation of 184 central necrosis of 172 changes in mature forms of 224, 225 chondroma of 239 chronic inflammation of 176 complete fractui'e of 164 compound fracture of 179 concentric atrophy of 143 connective tissue 196 consecutive abscess of 187 cysticercus cellulosae of 244 cysts of 148, 231 decalcification of 149 deformity of the articular surfaces of 227 degenerations of chondroma of 239 development of 141 mature 223 disintegration of myelogenous tu- mours of 244 disorders of growth of 196 bone. development osseous 196 eburnation of, in arthritis deform- ans 272 eccentric atrophy of 143 echinococcus of 244 enchondroma of 235 erosions of 147 failure of bony union in fracture of 166 fatty degeneration of 143 fibroma of 235, 238 fissure of 160 formation of new, in tumours of 234 foveolae of 142 fracture in resorption of 145 fracture of 160 fundamental lamellae of 159 giant- celled sarcoma of 240 glanders of 195 growth of by apposition 154 gumma of 192 gunshot injuries of 175 haematoma of 242 haemorrhage after traumatism 175 hallsteresis 150 Haversian canals of 149 Howship's lacunae of 142, 149 hypertrophic zone of developing 196 hypertrophy of 154, 167 incomplete fracture of 164 infective granulomata of 183 inflammation of 170 inflammation of, after traumatism 175 ' inflation ' of the 244 in general miliary tuberculosis 187 interstitial growth of 159 lacunar resorption of 141 in carcinoma 242 tuberculosis 184 lamellar, with Sharpey's fibres 159 lengtli of time necessary for repair of fracture of 166 leprosy of 195 lipoma of 239 liquefaction of myelogenous tu- mours of 244 local agenesis of 199. atrophy of 147 matrix of, decalcified 150 mature form of 223 membrane 159 metastatic inflammation of 173 method of growth of 154 mixed tumours of 232 multilocular cysts of 244 myelogenous alveolar sarcomata of 240 myelogenous tumours of 232, 233 myeloma of 241 myeloplaxes in resorption of 141 myxofibroma of 239 myxoma of 235, 239 necrosis of 148, 170 necrotic caries of 148 splintei's of 165 IXDEX OF SUBJECTS bone bone bone ( The numbers , neuroparalytic atrophy of 146 neuropathic atropliy of 146 new formation of in halisteresis 153 origin of lOG primary tumours of 231 osteoclasts in resorption of 141 25aralytic contractures of 227 partial defects in individual 199 necrosis of 172 periosteal tumours of 232 peripheral caries of 186 phosphorus-necrosis of 176 pressure of tumours on 147 primary tumours of 231 proliferous zone of developing 196 reabsorption of 141 regeneration of 154 repair of isolated tubercles of 192 resection of 166 resorption of 17, 152, 169, 179, 194 in arthritis deform- ans 271 inflammation 170 resection of joints 252 tumours 233 retro2;ressive changes in sarcoma of 240 role of osteoblasts in formation of 155 sacculated cold abscess of 186 sarcoma of 235, 239 secondary tumours of 231 senile atrophy of 143 septic pyaemia of 171 sequestrum of 184 sinuses of 187 softness of, in rickets 220 splint of 173 superficial necrosis of 172 suppuration of 175 S3'philis of 192 syphilitic caries of 194 necrosis of 194 telangiectatic sarcoma of 240, 242 total necrosis of 172 traumatic violence to 175 true fibrous 159 .... lamellar 159 tuberculosis of 183 large, long 189 short, spongy 189 small, long 189 tuberculous foci in 184 tumour-like formations of 209 tumours of 231 -corpuscles 184 marrow 137 atrophy of 138 calcification of 242 cells in 137 refer to the pages) bone-marrow, change from yellow into red 'l 39 Charcot-Neumann crystals in 139 degeneration of 138 development of red blood- corpuscles in 137 fatty degeneration of cells and capillaries of 138 gelatinous 138 haemorrhage from 140 hvi3ertrophy of the fatty 'tissue of 139 lymphoid 137 metastatic abscess of 171 morphology of 137 necrotic foci in 138 nucleated red blood-cor- puscles 137 pii,nnented granule cells in 140 red 137 siderosis of 140 significance of changes in cellular composition of 139 thrombosis of veins of 171 tint of lymphoid 139 yellow 138 bone-necrosis 188 bottle-nose 558 brain (see also cerebrum) abnormal enlargement of 575 weight of 402 abscess of 428 actinomycosis of 433 anaemia of 405 the internal meninges of 442 anencephalia 388 angioma of 440 animal parasites of 436, 440 atrophy of 407 carcinoma of 440 cause of ependymal sclerosis of 435 choroid plexuses of 442 compression of 428 concussion of 424 congestive hyperaemia of 404 contusion of 425 cortical apoplexy of 443 crushing of 425 cystic degeneration of the choroid plexus of 442 cysticercus of 440 diffuse sclerosis of 434 disseminated miliary tuberculosis of pia mater of 449 disseminated sclerosis of 434 echinococcus of 440 ependymal sclerosis of 434 VI INDEX OF SUBJECTS {The numbers refer to the pages) brain, fatty degeneration of 409 tibrino-purulent exudation into ventricles of 445 fibroma of 440 fissui-es and ayri of 382 general atrophy oi 407 passive oedema of 405 glioma of 436 gliomyxoma of 439 gliosarcoma of 439 granular ependymal sclerosis of 435 gumma of 451 haematogenous tuberculosis of 432 haemorrhages into the pia mater of 443 haemorrhagic softening of, in gumma 453 hyperaemia of the internal me- ninges of 442 hypoplasia of entire 390 in cretinism 402 infective granulomata of 432 inflammatory oedema of 405 in habitual criminals 402 idiocy 402 mental diseases 402 ischaemic softening of, in gumma 453 laceration of 425 lipoma of 440 local degenerations of 412 engorgement of 404 inflammations of 412, 413 passive oedema of 405 lymphogenous tuberculosis of 432 malformations of 388 metastatic tuberculosis in basal region of 449 morbid changes of blood-vessels of 417 multiple sclerosis of 434 oedema of, from auto-intoxication 405 pia mater of 442 subarachnoid space of 442 osteoma of 440 papillary cystoma of 572 partial hypoplasia of 391 passive hyperaemia of 404 pial cysts of 442 premature atrophy of 407 degeneration of 407 purulent exudations into 445 psammoma of 440 quantity of blood in 404 repair of abscess of 430 resemblance of sclerosis of, to tumours of 434 results of concussion of 424 sarcoma of 440 brain, sclerosis of 434 secondary tumours of 440 smooth ependymal sclerosis of 435 solitary tubercles in 432, 450 tubercle of the pia mater of 451 structure and functions of 381 subarachnoid cysts of 442 sub-meningeal injuries of 420 secondary disintegration of, after injury 426 syphilis of 432, 451 traumatic injury of 424 softening of 426 tuberculosis of 432 tumoui's of 436 internal meninges of 454 vascular naevus of 440 ventricles of 445 weight of 390 atrophic 409 wounds of 425 brain-sand 455 bronchial lymph-glands, pigmentation of 119 bubo 121 .... hard 128 indolent 128 Burdacli's column of spinal cord 327 burn of the first degree 511 second degree 511 third degree 51 1 fourth degree 511 bursae 314 morphology of 317 tuberculosis of 319 bursitis, acute 317 chronic 317 calcareous infiltration of the arteries m, 68 calcification of blood - vessels of the brain 417 muscle 299 callosities 548 callus KiO exterior 160 extra-capsular 164 interior 160 intermediary 160 intra-capsular 164 involution in 163 myelogenous 160 periosteal 160 cancroid 567 capsule, articular 245 caput medusae 94 carbuncle 525 carcinoma of the brain 440 branchiagenous 568 of bone 231 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Vll {The nitmhers refer to the pages) carcinoma of bone, lacunar resorption in 242 dura mater of brain 463 lieart 55 method of develop- ment of 55 situation of 55 meninges of the brain 454 muscle ol2 pericardium 04 pituitary body 464 skin 567 spinal meninges 379 spleen 110 ventricles of the brain 450 carcinomatous caries of bone 242 osteomalacia 242 cardiac aneurysm, partial 50, 51 rupture of 51 thrombi in 51 ganglia, degenerative changes in 46 fibrous hyperplasia of 40 hypoplasia 24 dimensions of heart in 24 muscle, aetiology of 27 hypertrophy of 27 polypus 46 caries, articular 188 fungosa 188 fungous 188 malacic 188 mollis 188 of cartilage 248, 260 scrofulous 188 sicca 188 syphilitic 194 tuberculous 188 carpus, tuberculosis of 190 cartilage, articular 198 calcification of 198 caries of 260 conversion of hyaline, into fibro-cartilage 249 conversion of hyaline, into fibrous tissue 249 erosion of 248, 260 formation of fatty marrow from -^48 lymphi )id mar- row from 248 mucoid tissue from 248 granulative inflammation of 248 necrosis of 248, 260 purulent inflammation of 24 role of, in growing bone 155 sequestra of 260 cartilage, transformation of into bone 150 zone of calcified 198 -cells, fate of 198 metaplasia of 248 caseous nodes in tuberculous arthritis 284 cavernous angioma of spinal meninges 377 central nervous system, Sect, vi centripetal fibres of the cerebrum 384 cephalic index 200 cephalocele 388 cerebellum 385 abscess of 430 centres of 387 hypoplasia of 391 in atrophy of the cerebrum 410 cerebral apoplexy 422 axis 385 hypoplasia of 391 cortex, psycho-motor regions of 357 hernia 388 cerebro-spinal meningitis 444 cerebrum, accumulation of leucocytes in 409 ' blood-corpus- cles in 409 yellow pig- ment gran- ules in 409 acute destruction of ganglion cells of 413 agenesis of 389 angular gyrus of 382 anomalies in minute histologi- cal structure of 400 of development of the 388 anterior occipital fissure of 381 apoplectic cicatrix of 424 cysts of 423 associative fibres of 384 asymmetry of 391 atheroma of blood-vessels of of 417 atrophy of cortex of, after am- putation 417 auditory centre of 385 calcarine fissure of 382 calcification of blood-vessels 417 callosal gyrus of 382 calloso-marginal fissure of 382 capillary haemorrhages of 421 caudate nucleus of 383 causes of partial agenesis of 394 Vm INDEX OF SUBJECTS ( The members refer to the pages) cerebrum, central fissure of 381 cerebrum, olfactory centre of 385 centripetal fibres of 384 optic thalamus of 383 cerebellum in atrophy of 410 paracentral lobule of 382 claustrum of 383 parallel fissure of 382 collateral sulcus of 382 parietal lobe of 381 commissural fibres of 3^4 parieto-occipital fissure of 381 complications of agenesis of partial agenesis of 393 » 393 hypoplasia of 391 hypoplasia pigment-granule cells in tle- ff «592 generation of 415 convolutions of 381, 389 praecuneus of 382 corpora amylacea of 416 precentral fissure of 381 cortex of 383 projective fibres of 384 cortical centres of 385 quadrate lobule of 382 cuneus of 382 red softening of 417 cysts of 410, 419 regeneration of nerve ele- deficiency of secondary sulci ments of 41(3 of 3^0 results of haemorrhage of 422 disorders of circulation of 404 sof tenino- of 419 embolism of blood-vessels of rolandian fissure o1 381 •117 sclerosis of 416 ^t(tt crible of 407. 419 blood-vessels of fat-granule cells in degenera- 4] 7 tions of 415 sensory centres of 385 fatty degeneration of blood- softenino- of 417 vessels of 417 speech centre of 385 fibres of medullary substance subthalamic body of 383 of 384 substantia perforata anterior fibrous cicatrix of 416 of 383 first temporal fissure of 381 superficial temporal fissure of fissures of 381, 389 ;J81 fusiform gyrus of 382 sulci of 381 ganglion cells of 384 sylvian fissure of 381 gyri of 381 temporal lobe of 381 gyrus cniguli of 382 transverse occipital sulcus of haemorrhages of 421 382 heterotopia of grey matter of visual centre of 385 •101 white softening of 416, 417 hippocampal gyrus of 382 yellow softenino- of 417 hypertrophy of 390, 401 chalky deposits in gouty arthritis 280 hypoplasia of 389, 390 chancre, hard 529 induration of 419 soft 529 inferior occipital fissure of 381 true Hunterian 535 intraparietal fissure of 381 chancroid 529 ischaemic necrosis of 417 chicl:en-ix)x 518 island of Keil of 382 chilblains 510 lenticular nucleus of 383 chiragra 261 lingual gyrus of 382 chloasma cachecticorum 496 location of haemorrhage of caloricum 496 422 toxicum 496 marginal gyrus of 382 traumaticum 496 medullary wliite matter of 383 uterine 496 minute structure of 389 chlorosis 4 morphology of 381 cholesteatoma of the pia mater of the motor centres of 385 brain 457 neuroglia cells in degenera- chondritis 260 tion of 414 chondroblasts 155 nucleus amygdalae of 383 chondrodystrophia hyperplastica 204 nucleus of Luys of 383 hypoplastica 202 occipital lobe of 381 malacica 204 occipito - temporal sulcus of chondroid tissue 155 382 chondroma of bone 239 INDEX OF SUBJECTS IX (The numbers chondroma of bone, degenerations of 239 the meninges of the brain 454 muscle 312 chondro-osteosarcomata 242 chondrosarcomata 242 chordae tendineae 35 choroid plexus, cystic degeneration of 442 cicatrix, apoplectic 424 Clarke's vesicular column 326 clavus 548 cloacae 176, 184 cloudy swelling of muscle 297 cnidosis 610 cocci, pyogenic 59 coccidia 547 column of Turck 326 combination cells of Kamony Cajal, 325 comedo 525 comedone 571 commissural cells of spinal cord 324 fibres of the cerebrum 384 concretio pericardii 62 condyloma acuminatum 550 endocystic 547 condylomata lata 537 congestive hyperaemia of the spleen 108 connective tissue 63, 71, 75, 87, 88, 91, 98, 111, 163, 166, 185, 192, 250, 252, 257, 307, 340 contractures 256 arthrogenous 256 articular 256 cicatricial 256 myogenous 256 co-ordination centre 386 cor biloculare 19 biatriatum 19 biventriculare 19. villosum 60 corn 548 coriui cutaneum 549 corpora mamillaria 385 qnadrigemina 385 centres of 387 corpus callosum 381 corpuscula oryzoidea 316 coxa vara 226 cranial bones, tuberculosis of 192 craniorachischisis 388 cranio-stenosis 206 craniotabes rachitica 222 cranium (see skull) agenesis of 388 osseous defects of 388 cretinism 200 brain in 402 criminals, brain in habitual 402 crura 385 crust, 503, 505 cuniculi 546 curvature, kyphotic 222 refer to the pages) curvature, lordotic 222 scoliotic 222 cutaneous anaesthesia 502 eruptions due to medicament, 510 of syphilis 536 haemorrhages, idiopathic 493 svmptomatic ' 493 cutis, aenea 496 fibroma of 566 cyanosis of the skin 492 cylindroma of the spinal meninges 379 cysticercus of the brain 440 heart 56 meninges of the brain 458 pericardium 64 spleen 116 cellulosae of bone 244 muscle 312 raceniosus of the meninges of the brain 458 cvstic degeneration of the pineal gland 465 pituitary body 464 fibroma 455 of the meninges of the brain 455 cysts, apoplectic 423 maxillarv 244 of the skin 499 spleen 116 pial 442 sebaceous 572 subarachnoid 442 subchondral in arthritis deformans 272 dandriff 570 degeneration, amyloid, of endocardium 32 atheromatous, of endocar- dium 31 fatty, of endocardium 30 hyaline, of endocardium 32 mucoid, of endocardium 31 Deiters' cells of spinal cord 324 dementia, paralytic atrophy of brain in 407 demodex foUiculorum 492 dendrites 324 dentition in rickets 222 dermatitis combustionis bullosa 511 erythematosa 511 congelatio gangraenosa 511 congelation is bullosa 511 contusiformis 509 general exfoliative 520 papillomatous 530 dermatolysis 564 x INDEX OF SUBJECTS ( The numbers refer to the pages') dermatomycosis furfuracea 545 dermoid cysts, intracranial 467 dexiocardia 24 diaphysis 198 increased longitudinal growth of 210 diarthrosis 245 diastematoniyelia 328 diplococcus iutracellularis 443 pneumoniae 59, 346 pneumo- 314, 346, 373 443, 444 diphtheria, lymph-glands in 121 spleen in 110 dislocation 251 ankylosis in unreduced 259 changes in unreduced 258 complex 251 from caries in tuberculous ar- thritis 285 deformity, 266, 273 results of 251 spontaneous 261, 262 unreduced 257 ' drill ' bones 310 dropsy, meningeal 442 dropsical degeneration of muscle 297 ductus arteriosus, persistence of 20, 22 dura mater of the brain, 460 alveolar sarco- ma of 462 carcinoma of 463 enchondroma of 463 endothelioma of 462 fibroma of 463 haematoma of 460 hygroma of 461 lipoma of 463 eburnation of bone 241 ecchymoma 493 ecchymoses 493 echiuococcus of bone 244 brain 440 heart 56 meninges of the brain 458 muscle 312 pericardium 64 429, spleen 116 ectasis, arterial 83 ecthyma 516 ectopia cordis 24 eczema 515 acute 515 aetiology of 515 chronic 515, 516 crustosum 515 erytliematiisum 515 impetiginodes 515 impetiginosum 515, 516 madidans 515 marginatum 545 papulosuni 515 rubruni 515 squamosum 515 vesiculosum 515 et pustulosum 515 elephantiasis 554, 557 acquired 550 aetiology of 551 arabum 550 associated with lymphan- giectasis 25, 98 cavernosa 558 dura 552 endemic 550 hbrnus 564 glabra 552 graecorum 540 460 osteoma of 463 morphology of haematangiomatous 564 lipomatous 564 lobate 564 psammoma of lymphangiectatica 552 462 lympliangiomatous 564 sarcoma of 462 mollis 552, 564 secondary tu- mours of 463 syphilis of 461 tuberculosis of 461 tumours of 462 neuromatous 483, 564 papillomatosa 582 phlebectatic 94 situaticm of 551 sporadic 550 tuberosa 552 spinal cord, inflammation verrucosa 552 of 380 tumours of 380 dystrophy, progressive muscular 294, 303 adolescent 294 adult 294 infantile 294 elephantoid molluscum 563 embolism of blood-vessels of the brain 417 embolus 38 enceplialitis, acute haematogenous 439 aetioloay of 427 focal 429 insular 429 INDEX OF SUBJECTS XI {The numbers encephalomalacia 417 en chondroma of bone 235 the dura mater of the brain 463 the skin 567 endarteritis 71 deformans, chronic 71 obliterans 75, 71 endocardial thrombosis, calcareous infil- tration of 32 ora;anisation of 32 endocarditis 33 aetiology of 33 course of 38 diphtheritic 37 polypous 36 pustulosa 37 pyaemic 37 results of 30, 42 situation of 37 suppurative 37 tubercle-bacillus in 34 ulcerous 37 vegetations 31 verrucosa 36 villous 36 warty 36 endocardium, amyloid degeneration of, combined with hyaline degeneration 32 fatty degeneration of 30 hernia of 51 hyaline degeneration of 32 morphology of 30 mucoid degeneration of 31 sclerosis of tlie connective tissue of 31 thrombi on surface layer of 31 endoneurium 469 endothelioma 98, 240 alveolar, of the meningesof the brain 454 spinal menin- ges 378 calcified 562 of the dura mater of the brain 462 skin 558, 560 tuberosum 560 English disease 214 enostosis 236, 238 eosinophile cells 9 epulis, intraosseous 239 ependyma, sclerosis of 435 fibrinous deposits on 458 ephelides 495 epidermal cells, regenerative multiplica- tion of 506 epidermis, desquamation of 501 epineurium 469 refer to the pages) epiphyses, oblique displacement of, in rickets 221 epiphysial cartilage 156 epiphysis 198 separation of the 211, 213 epithelioma contagiosum 547 of the skin 567 epithelium, desquamation in scales 506 shreds 506 erosion of cartilage 248, 260 eruptions, morphology of 503 erysipelas 522 aetiology of 522 bullosum 523 crustosum 523 gangraenosum 523 pustulosum 523 vesiculosuui 523 erythema 492, 503 annulare 509 bullosum 509 circinatum 509 exsudativum multiforme 509 gyratum 509 iris 509 laeve 509 nodosum 509 papulatum 509 traumatic 509 tuberculatum 509 urticatum 509 vesiculosum 509 erythrasma 545 eschar 506 exanthems 508 exostoses 168, 236, 311 bursate 237 cartilaginous 236 chondroid 169 fibroid 169 fibrous 230 movable 168 multiple 238 exudation in arthritis 261 facial angle of Camper 206 facies leontina 540 fat-granule cells in degeneration of the cerebrum 415 fatty degeneration of the arteries 65 blood-vessels of the brain 417 brain 409 fibrous tissue of joints 248 joint cartilages 248 muscle 297 favus 542 felon 524 fibroma of bone 235, 238 the brain 440 cutis 566 xu rNDEX OF SUB.JECTS ( The numhers fibroma of the dura mater of brain 463 spinal cord 380 heart 55 meninges of the brain 454 molluscum 482, 563 multiple cutaneous 562 of muscle 312 nerves 481 the skin 562 spinal cord 372 meninges 377 spleen 116 fibrosarcoma of muscle 312 filaria Bancrofti 551 fish-skin disease 554 flat-foot, causes of 227 flat papules 537 folliculitis barbae 525 foramen ovale 22 fourth ventricle 327 fracture, green stick 164 of bone 160 inflammation in 160 injury to periosteum in 160 length of time neces- sary for repair of 166 repair of 160 fractures, atrophy of bone in 145 fragilitas ossium 145, 147 idiopathic form of 42, 148 framboesia syphilitica 538 non-syphilitica 630 freckles 495, 560 Friedreich's disease 369 frontal lobe of the cerebrum 381 fungus articuli 188 funiculus cuneatus of medulla oblongata 327 spinal cord 327 gracilis of medulla oblongata 327 spinal cord 327 funnel-breast 229 cause of 229 furunculi 525 ganglion 319 -cells, acute destruction of 413 calcification of 413 fatty degeneration of 413 of spinal cord 324 of the cerebrum 384 sclerosis of 414 ... wax-like condition of 414 crepitant 318 gangraena nosocomialis 527 gangrene, decubital 527 hospital 527 of muscle 299 refer to the pages) gangrenous bed-sore 527 genu recurvatum 228 .... valgum 226 adolescentium 226 causes of 226 infantum 226 inflammatorium 226 paralytic 228 traumaticum 226 gigantic overgrowth 207 causes of 208, 209 gigantism, partial 208 glanders, acute 542 chronic 542 of muscle 309 the skin 542 glioma, aetiology of 439 elongated 350 histokigy of 439 of the brain 436 spinal cord 372 situation of 439 size of 438 telangiectatic, of the spinal cord 372 gliomyxomata of the brain 439 gliosarcoma of the brain 439 spinal cord 372 gliosis 350 GoH's column of spinal cord 327 gonococcus 314 gout, joint cartilages in 246 Gower's tract of spinal cord 327 granular degeneration of muscle-fibres of arteries 66 granulation tissue 48, 61, 63, 111, 124, 185, 262, 307, 530 granule-cells, significance of 416 granuloma fungoides 530 of the skin 530 traumatic 530 grutum 571 gumma of the brain 451 pituitary body 464 skin 538 osteomyelitic 194 haematolysis 4 haematoma, arterial 88 of bone 242 the dura mater of the brain 460 pineal gland 465 skin 493 haematidrosis 493 haematomyelia 350 haemoglobin, diminution of, in blood 4 proportion of, in leukae- mia 6 haemoglobinuria, paroxysmal 14 haemo-pericardium 58 haemorrhage in heart muscle 51 INDEX OF SUBJECTS Xlll ( The numbers r haemorrhages, idiopathic cutaneous 493 of the skin, neuropatliic 494 symptomatic cutaneous 493 haemorrhagic infarction of spleen 107 results of 108 haemorrhoids 23, 94 haemosiderin in spleen-pulp 104 hair 670 .... abnormal overgrowth of 575 follicles, wasting of 501 morphology of 572 hairs, ring-streaked 574 halisteresis, new formation of bone in 153 ossium 140 hallux valgus 227 Haversian canal 169, 171 lamellae 187 systems 159 heart, actinomycosis of 55 aetiology of 26 aneurysms of 26 atrophic and degenerative changes of 44 breadth of 24 carcinoma of 55 cicatrix of 54 congenital hypertrophy of 24 cysticercus of 56 development of 20 dilatation of 26 degenerations in 45 dimensions in 26 diminution in size of 26 echiuococcus of 56 enlargement of 26 fibroid cicatrix of 49 fibroid induration of 49 fibroma of 55 haemorrhagic infarct of 47 idiopathic hypertrophy of 27 ischaemic softening of 50 length of 24 lipoma of 55 lipomatosis of 128 lympho-sarcoma of 55 malformations of 17 milk-spots of 61 motor centre of 386 muscle, abscess of 53 brown atrophy of 44 calcification of 46, 51 fatty degeneration of 44 granular degeneration of 45 hyaline degeneration of 45 simple atrophy of 44 waxy degeneration of 45 myxoma of 55 ■efer to the pages) heart, parasites of 56 primary tumours of 55 results of hypertrophy of 28 rhabdomyoma of 55 rupture of 48, 58 sarcoma of 55 sclerosis of 49, 54 secondary tumours of 55 softening of 47 stenosis of 41 syphilitic gumma of 55 thickness of 24 tubercle of 55 wail, amyloid degeneration of 32 weight of 24 hypertrophied 28 hernia, cerebral 388 herpes circinatus 501, 513 facialis 513 iris 509, 513 labialis 513 praeputialis 513 progenitalis 513 tonsurans 544 vesiculosus 513, 545 syphiliticus 537 zoster 512 hidroadenitis 525 hirsuties 575 hospital gangrene 527 ' housemaid's knee '317 Howship's lacunae 312 hyaline degeneration in tumours of spinal meninges 378 of arteries 66 lymph-glands 11, 18 muscle 298 hydatid cysts of dura mater of spinal cord 380 hydraemia 3, 4, 6 hydrarthrosis 264 hydrocephalic micrencephalia 397, 398 partial anencephalia 397 hydrocephalus, acquired 406 causes of congenital in- ternal 400 internal 398 congenital internal 398 external 397 internal 397, 398 meningeal .397 partial pachymeningitic 461 results of 399 ventricular 398 hydromyelia 349 congenital 349 hydromyelocele 349 hydro-pericardium 58 hydrops bursarum 317 ex vacuo 400, 406 XIV INDEX OF SUBJECTS ( The numhers refer to the pages) hydrops tuberculosus 282 ventriculorum 406 hygroma 315, 317 acute 317 of the dura mater of the brain 461 tuberculous 319 hypalbuminosis 3 hyperaemic bone, osteomalacia in 152 hyperinosis 6 hyperonychia 575 hyperostosis 162, 178 in syphilis 195 hypertrichosis 575 acquisita 575 hereditaria 575 hypertrophic lymphangioma 560 hypertrophy, concentric 28 eccentric 28 of bone 154 papillae of skin 549 skin 548 the brain 401 simple 28 hyphomycetes 542 hypinosis 6 hypoleucocytosis 8 hypophysis cerebri 464 hypoplasia of brain, causes of 392 icterus 496 icthyosis 554 acquired 552 congenital 554 hystrix 557 nigricans 557 nitida 557 sebacea 570 simplex 556 idiocy as a result of malformations of the brain 402 impetigo 510 contagiosa 516 herpetiformis 516 syphilitica 537 incarnatio unguis 575 index, altitudinal 206 cephalic 206 infective granulomata, of the heart 55 insula 382 interior-cells of spinal cord 325 internal meninges 442 of the brain, hyper- aeraia 442 anaemia of 442 isthmus aortae 419 itch 546 jaundice 496 joint-cartilage, mucoid softening of 246 softening of 247 urates in matrix of 246 joints, acute inflammations of 260 amyloid de£;eneration of the car- tilage of 246 ankylosis of 252 articular capsule of 245 calcareous deposits in cartilage of 240 cartilages of, in gout 246 changes in mature forms of 224, 225 the parts about 256 chronic inflammations of 260 classificationof loose bodies in 287 cuts of 262 degenerations of 245 fibrous tissues of 248 development of mature 203 effusion of blood into 262. empyaema of 201, 282 false 166 fatty changes in the cartilage of 245 formation of new 257 gunshot wounds of 262 haematoidin in cells of cartilage of 246 hypertrophic proliferation of 250 hypertrophy of 250 loose bodies in 251, 262, 272, 282, 287 mature forms of 223 mobility of, in arthritis deformans 273 new 252, 257 origin of loo.se bodies in 287 regeneration of 250 regenerative proliferation of 250 „ resection of 252 result of acute inflammations of 261 sprains of 251 stabs of 262 synovial membrane of 245 syphilis of 282, 285 tuberculosis of 282 kakke 473 karyokinesis 10, 130 keloid of the skin 566 keratoma diffusum 554 of the skin 459 keratosis 552 pilaris 556 knee joint, serous effusion into 262 knock-knee 226 causes of 226 kyphosis 152, 225 lacunar erosion of muscle 297 resorption in tuberculosis of bone 184 INDEX OF SUBJECTS XV ( The numbers refer to the pages) lathyrus cicera as a cause of scleroses of the spinal cord 367 leiomyoma of the skia 506 lentigines 495 leoiitiasis ossea 209 lepra anaesthetica 371, 475 .... bacilli 128, 346, 371, 475 .... maculosa 540 .... mutilans 475, 540 .... nervorum 475 .... nodosa 540 .... tuberculosis 540 .... tuberosa 540 leprosy 540 Lombardian 510 of the lymph-glands 128 nerves 475 spleen 115 white 498 leptomeninges 442 leptomeningitis 430 acute 443 serous 444 aetiology of 445 chronic 446 combination of chronic with internal prolifer- ous pachymeningitis 449 fibrino-purulent 444 location of chronic 446 purulent 444, 445 sero-purulent 444 tuberculous 449 leucocytosis 8 experimental production of 8 inliammatory 8 pathological 8 physiological 8 leucocytes, proportion of various forms of 10 leucomyelitis 346 leucopathia 496 congenita 498 leukaemia 8, 9 aetiology of 10 Charcot's crystals in 10 diminution of red cells in 10 dry residue in 6 eosinophile cells in 9 heart-clots in 9 lymphatic 9 lymph-glands 130 myelogenous 9, 139 neutrophile cells in 10 splenic 9 without pathological change 10 leukaemic adenia 130 infiltrations 10 lymph-glands, lymphadeno- ma of 130 leukaemic lymphomata 10 lichen 521 haemorrhagicus 493 pilaris 556 ruber acuminatus 521 planus 522 scrofulosorum 521 syphiliticus 536 lineae albicantes 500 lipaemia 6 lipoma, arborescent 271 of bone 239 the brain 440 dura mater of the brain 463 spinal cord 380 heart 55 meninges of the brain 454 muscle 312 nerves 484 pituitary body 464 skin 507 spinal meninges 377 literature (see references) livedo 492 livor 492 locomotor ataxia 358 locus minoris resistentiae 86 loose bodies in joints 287 classification of 287 origin of 287 ' loose cartilages ' 287 lordosis 152 lupus disseminatus et aggregatus 521 erythematosus 520 discoides 621 exedens 533 exfoliativus 533 exulcerans 533 framboesioides 533 hypertrophicus 533 maculosus 533 nodosus 533 papillaris 533 serpiginosus 533 ttiberosus 533 tumidus 533 verrucosus 533 vulgaris 532 Luys, nucleus of 383 lymph 13 lymphadenia 129 progressive 130 lymphadenitis 120 chronic indurative 124 tuberculous 125 lymphadenoid hyperplasia, progressive 129 lymphadenoma 129 lymphangitis 96 issue of 97 lymphangiectasis 97 XVI INDEX OF SUBJECTS ( The numbers refer to the pages) lyraphangiectatic elephantiasis 98 macrocheilia, lymphangiectatic 98 lymphangioma 98 macrocytes 5 of the skin 558 macroglossia, lymphangiectatic 98 of spleen 11(3 maculae tendineae 61 lymphatics, dilated chyliferous 98 mal del sole 510 occlusion of 97 malformations of the heart, aetiology of tuberculosis of 97 22 lymph, cellular elements of 14 malignant pustule 526 changes in, dependent on changes malisighian follicles of spleen 104 in blood and tissues 14 mal rosso 510 lymph-channels, desquamative catarrh malum coxae senile 266 of 123 perforans pedis 527 fibrinous exudation in senile 260, 275 123 marrow, lymphoid, formed from carti- microbes in 14 lage 248 lymph-glands, abscess of 1 23 fatty 248 acute inflammation of matrix, calcified cartilaginous 213 121 measles 508 amyloid degeneration of desquamation in 508 117 medulla oblongata 327, 385 calcification of 124 arcuate fibres of Solly carcinoma of 133 of 327 caseation of 127 decussation of the py- chronic inflammation of ramids in 327 124 displacement of cen- colour of ati'ophied 117 tral canal in 327 fibrinous exudation in funiculus cuneatus of 123 327 fibroid induration of 125 funiculus gracilis of foreign substances in 119 327 hyaline degeneration of motor centre of heart 118 of 386 hyperplasia of 120 nucleus cuneatus of in diphtheria 121 327 inflammation of 120 nucleus gracilis of 327 lymphosarcoma of 130 olivary body of 327 metastatic growths of 133 parollvary body of 327 morbid changes in 117 reflex centre of 386 morphology of 117 respiratory centre of proliferation of 120 386 resolution after inflam- restiform body of 327 mation of 123 vaso motor nerve ... sarcoma of 131 centre of 386 sarcomatous metastases vocal articulation cen- of 133 tre of 386 simple atrophy of 117 megaloblasts 5 softening of structures melanosis, progressive lentiginous 561 surrounding 120 membrane-bones 196 suppuration of 123 meningeal dropsy 442 syphilis of 128 tumours, calcareous concre- tubercle-bacilli in 127 tions in 455 ulceration of adjacent tis- meninges of the brain, alveolar endothe- sues to 120 lioma of 454 lymphoid tissue, danger of large-celled angiomyxoma of hyperplasia of 127 454 large-celled hyperplasia angiomyxosarco- of 126 ma of 454 lymphoma, malignant 130 angiosarcoma of lymphosarcoma 129 454 of the heart 55 animal parasites pericardium 04 of 458 lymph-vessels, morbid changes in 96 carcinoma of 454 INDEX OF SUBJECTS XVll ( The nnmhers refer to the pages) meninges of the brain, chondroma of 454 cysticercus of 458 cystic fibroma of 455 dermoid cysts of 457 ecliinococcus of 458 fibroma of 454 haemorrhages into the 37G lipoma of 454 myxoma of 454 myxosarcoma of 454 osteoma of 454 psammoma of 455 sarcoma of 454 secondary tu- mours of 458 osteomata of spinal 377 tumours of spinal 377 meningitis, cerebro-spinal 373, 444 epidemic cerebro-spinal 373 fibrino-purulent spinal 373 purulent spinal 373 seropurulent spinal 373 spinal 373 syphilitic spinal 375 traumatic purulent 373 tuberculous 374, 432, 449 meningo-encephalitis, aetiology of chron- ic 447 tuberculous 449 myelitis 347, 373 tuberculous, and neur- itis 375 tuberculous 370 mesarteritis 71 micrencephalia 390 hydrocephalic 397 micrococci, pyogenic 73, 74, 92, 170, 314, 346, 373, 428, 429, 443, 517, 527, 529 micrococcus endocarditis capsulatus 33 microcephalia 200, 206, 390 microcosmia 200 microcytes 5 microdactylia 312 microgyria 391 cerebellar 392 micromelia 200, 328 chondromalacica 204 micro-organisms, pathogenic 175 microsporon furfur 545 minutissimum 545 miliaria crystallina 511 milium 571 misplacement of the large blood-vessels 19 moles 557, 560 moUuscum contagiosum 547 morbilli 508 laeves 508 papulosi 508 morbus maculosus Werlhofii 493 haemorrhage of the heart in 51 morphoea 566. nigra et alba 540 mother's marks 558 motor cells of spinal cord 324 mucoid tissue 248 mucous patches 537 multinuclear osteoclasts 173 mures articuli 287 muscle, abscess of 307 amyloid degeneration of 299 anaemic degeneration of 293 and tendons. Sect, v p. 289 angioma of 312 animal parasites of 312 atrophy of, from disuse 292 lipomatous pseudo- hypertrophic 302 bony formations in 310 calcification of 299 carcinoma of 312 causes of atrophy of 293 cells of heart, atroiAic and de- generative changes of 44 chondroma of 312 cicatrix of 307 cloudy swelling of 297 cysticercus cellulosae of 312 degeneration of 297 dropsical degeneration of 297 dry gangrene of 299 echinococcus of 312 fatigue of 291 fatty degeneration of 297 fibroma of 312 fibrosarcoma of 312 gangrenous necrosis of 299 glanders of 309 haematogenous tuberculosis of 309 healing of abscess of 307 hyaline degeneration of 298 hyperplasia of connective tissue of 307 hypertrophy of 304 induration of 307 inflammation of 306 lacunar erosion of 297 length of 291 lipoma of 312 lipomatous pseudohypertrophic atrophy of 302 local anaemia of 293 morphology of 291 myxoma of 312 myxosarcoma of 312 neuropathic atrophies of 292 nuclei 291 XVlll INDEX OF SUBJECTS {The numbers muscle, primary tumours of 312 progressive atrophy of 293 bulbar paralysis of 292 dystrophy of 294 pseudohypertrophic paralysis of 303 pseudohypertrophy of 301 regeneration of 305 results of degenerations of 299 rhabdomyoma of 312 sarcolemma of 291 sarcoma of 312 seat of atrophy of 293 simple atrophy of 296 striated fibres of 291 syphilis of 309 trichina of 312 tuberculosis of 308 vacuolar degeneration of 297 wasting of 297 waxy degeneration of 300 muscular atrophy, progressive spinal 365 fibres, fragmentation of 297 mycosis fungoides 530 microsporina 545 myelin, coa^^ulation of 414 m)jelUe aivitaire 351 myelitis 333, 334 aetiology of 346 central 347 consecutive 347 diffuse 345 forms of 344 from compression 345 haematogenous 345 haemorrhagic, a focal disease 345 multiple 345 .... 