None
First subperiod: Total 917 42 25.68 2 80 + 891. 74 2.230 Average 91.74 2.57 -f 89. 17 .223 Second subperiod: Total 975. 61 39.90 4.09 + 935. 71 5.080 Average. 97.56 - 3.99 + 93. 57 .508 Third subperiod: Total 902.58 33.87 3.75 + 868. 71 6.350 Average 90 26 3 39 + 86 87 635 Fourth subperiod: Total 737 38 34.89 4 73 + 702 49 o Average 73.74 3.49 + 70. 25 .0 Entire preservative period: Total 3,532 99 134 34 3 80 +3,398 65 13 660 Average 88 32 3 36 + 84 96 342 After period. First subperiod: Total. 850 52 29 23 3 44 + 821 29 o Average 85.05 2.92 + 82. 13 .0 Second subperiod: Total 748. 97 28.59 3.82 + 720. 38 .0 Average. 74 90 2 86 + 72 04 .0 Entire after period: Total 1,599.49 57.82 3.61 + 1,541.67 .0 Average 79.97 2.89 + 77. 08 .0 976 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XVIII.— Fat balances for Series FIT— Continued. [Averages are per man per day.] Nos. 7 and. 1.2. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In feces (2-1). 4 Balance (l-2j. 5 Sulphur- ous acid adminis- tered (SO,). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Grams. 1 085 23 Grams. 34 99 Per cent. 3 22 Grams. + 1 050 24 Grams. 0 0 Average 108. 52 3.50 + 105. 02 .0 Second subperiod: Total 1.071.26 26 05 2 43 + 1 045 21 o Average 107 13 2 60 + 104 53 o Entire fore period: Total 2. 156. 49 61 04 2 83 + 2 095 45 o Average 107 82 3 05 + 104 77 o Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 1,092.66 32.50 2.97 + 1,060.16 1.712 Average 109.27 3.25 + 106. 02 .171 Second subperiod: Total 1 101 13 28 80 2 62 + 1 072 33 3 600 Average 110. 11 2.88 + 107. 23 .360 Third subperiod: Total 1,096.40 24.21 • 2.25 1,052 19 3 400 Average 107. 64 2.42 105 22 340 First, second, and third subperiods: Total 3.270.19 85.51 2.61 +3 184 68 8.712 Average 109 01 2.85 + 106 16 290 . 7 to IS. Fore period. Total .• Average 3,300.53 110.02 103.49 3.45 3.14 + 3,917.04 + 106.' 57 0.0 .0 Second subperiod: Total ,*• . . .. 3, 272. 69 85.32 2.61 +3,187.37 .0 Average 109.09 2.84 + 106. 25 .0 Entire fore period: Total . ... .... 6,573.22 188. 81 2.87 +6,384.41 .0 Average 109. 55 3.15 + 106. 40 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 3,300.27 116.31 3.52 +3,183.96 5.136 Average 110 01 3 88 + 106. 13 .171 Second subperiod: Total ... 3,401.93 124. 42 3.66 +3,277.51 11.600 Average . 113.40 4.15 + 109. 25 .387 Third subperiod: Total 3,412.03 98.35 2.88 +3,313.68 11. 400 Average . .. .... 113.73 3.28 + 110.45 .380 First, second, and third subperiods: Total .- 10, 114. 23 339.08 3.35 +9,775.15 28. 136 Average ... 112.38 3.77 + 108. 61 .313 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 977 CALORIES BALANCE. INDIVIDUAL DATA. The extent of the combustion of the other elements of the food is also of interest, and these data include not only the fat constituents, but also all others in the foods capable of yielding heat on combus- tion. These figures are also important from a dietetic point of view, as they show the number of calories required by normal young men when choosing a ration designed to keep them in a state of equilib- rium. The number of calories in the food of No. 1 does not vary to any extent in the three periods. There seems to be a tendency to more complete combustion in the after period, when the calories in the feces fall to 63, while at the same time they increase by a slight amount in the urine. In both the feces and urine there are fewer calories in the after period than in either of the other periods. The calories ingested in the food in the case of No. 2 do not greatly differ in the three periods. There appears to be little effect in this case produced by the added preservative upon the utilization of calories. The number of calories in the food of No. 3 is not very constant, being least in the fore period and greatest in the after period. There is very little difference in the amount or percentage of calories uti- lized and the balances remain practically the same. No. 4 received about the same number of calories a day in the preservative and after periods and slightly less in the fore period. There is little difference in the utilization of the calories between the three periods and therefore no very great difference in the balances. There is but little disturbance produced in this case in the utilization of the food heat by the administration of the preservative. No. 5 will not be discussed, as the data are incomplete. In, the case of No. 6 it is seen that the number of calories in the food is slightly increased in both the preservative period and in the after period. The amounts appearing in the feces and urine are considerably increased in the preservative period. There is, how- ever, very little corresponding effect noticed upon the balances, which remain practically constant. This disturbance in the amount of the calories in the feces and urine with scarcely any variation of the balances is explained by the different quantities of calories consumed in the food. In the case of No. 7 the data are again incomplete and show no notable changes such as could be ascribed to the use of the pre- servative. For No. 8 the number of calories in the food remains almost con- stant during the three periods. There is also practically no variation 978 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. in the total quantity of calories remaining in the feces and urine. These data show practically no effect upon the utilization of calories produced by the administration of the preservative. The data for No. 9 show a slight increase in the calories in the feces and urine in the preservative period, and this is still more marked in the after period. In this case it is probable that the administration of the preservative tends to increase the calories in the feces, and thus to diminish the heat and energy which the heat units of the food should have furnished. The quantity of calories in the food of No. 10 are quite constant throughout the whole period . of observation. The total quantity appearing in the feces and urine is increased during the preservative period and still further increased* in the after period. These data indicate a slight disposition on the part of the added preservative to decrease the utilization of the heat-forming elements of the food. The food of No. 11 contained a large number of calories, which is quite constant for the three periods. There is only a slight variation in the number of calories excreted in the feces and urine. Apparently in this case there is no influence produced by the administration of the preservative in so far as the utilization of the calories is concerned. In the case of No. 12 there is a notable decrease in the calories administered during the after period. This doubtless accounts in a satisfactory way for the decrease in the number of calories in the feces and urine. It is fair to conclude, therefore, from these data that there is no marked influence upon the utilization of the heat-producing elements of the food due to the administration of the preservative. SUMMARIES. Comparing the summaries of Nos. 1 to 6 and Nos. 8 to 11, inclusive, we find that the average number of calories in the food of Nos. 1 to 6 is 3,224 in the fore period, 3,195 in the preservative period, and 3,171 in the after period. The total number of calories appearing in the feces and urine is 195 for the fore period, 203 for the preservative period, and 185 for the after period. This, in connection with the small decrease in the number of calories in the food in the preservative period, indicates a slight tendency on the part of the preservative in these six cases to diminish the absorption of the food, which is in harmony with the conclusions drawn from the other balances. < In the summary for Nos. 8 to 11, inclusive, the number of calories in the fore period is 3,245, in the preservative period 3,259, and in the after period 3,254, numbers which are, for all practical purposes, identi- cal. The number of calories appearing in the feces and urine in the fore period is 184, in the preservative period 194, and in the after period 208. In this case there appears to be a very slight tendency SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 979 on the part of the preservative to interfere with the absorption of the heat-producing substances, resulting in an increased excretion of calo- ries, and this tendency is somewhat increased in the after period. No notable difference can be seen between the two summaries except the diminution of the calories in the feces of Nos. 1 to 6 in the after period, and their increase in the urine in the preservative period. In general it may be said that no marked influence is exerted upon the utilization of heat and energy of the food by reason of the administration of the preservative. The tendency indicated, however, points to a decreased absorption of food elements, as already stated. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII. [Averages are per day.] Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-s-l). 6 In urine (3-1). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (SOi). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 17, 123 Calo- ries. 694 Calo- ries. 455 Calo- ries. 1,149 Per ct. 4.05 Per ct. 2.66 Per ct. 6.71 Calo- ries. -4-15,974 Grams. 0.0 Average 3 425 139 91 230 + 3 195 o Second subperiod: Total. 15 897 335 323 658 2 11 2 03 4. 14 + 15, 239 .0 A verage 3 179 67 65 132 + 3 195 o Entfre fore period: Total 33, 020 1,029 778 1,807 3.12 2.36 5.47 +31,213 .0 Average 3 302 103 78 181 + 3 121 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 15 518 527 427 954 3 40 2 75 6 15 + 14 564 1 115 Average 3,104 105 85 191 + 2,913 .223 Second subperiod: Total 16 129 553 391 944 3 43 2 42 5 85 + 15 185 2 540 Average 3,226 111 78 189 + 3,037 .508 Third subperiod: Total Average.. 16, 228 3,246 298 60 422 84 720 144 1 84 2.60 4.44 + 15, 508 + 3 102 3.810 .762 Fourth subperiod: Total 16, 555 357 439 796 2 16 2 65 4.80 + 15, 759 3 810 Average 3 311 71 88 159 + 3 152 762 Entire preservative period : Total 64 430 1 735 1 679 3 414 2 69 2 61 5 30 + 61 016 11 275 Average 3,222 87 84 171 + 3,051 .564 After period. First subperiod: Total 16 678 321 434 755 1 92 2 60 4 53 + 15 923 o Average... 3,336 64 87 151 + 3 185 o Second subperiod: Total 16 559 :;!0 432 742 1 87 2 61 4 48 + 15 817 o Average. .. 3,312 62 86 148 + 3? 164 o Entire after period: Total 33 237 631 866 1 497 1 90 2 61 4 50 +31 740 o Average 3 324 63 87 150 + 3 174 o 11240— Bull. 84, pt 3—07 15 980 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII — Continued. [Averages are per day.] Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-1). 6 In urine (3-1). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (S02). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 16 915 Calo- ries. 534 Calo- ries. 510 Calo- ries. 1 044 Perct. 3 16 Perct. 3 02 Perct. 6 18 Calories. + 15 871 Grams. 0 0 Average 3,383 107 102 209 + 3,174 0 Second subperiod: Total 16 756 809 498 1 307 4.83 2 97 7 80 + 15 499 o Average 3,351 162 100 261 + 3,090 o Entire fore period: Total 33, 671 1,343 1,008 2,351 3.99 2.99 6.98 +31,320 o Average 3,367 134 101 235 + 3 132 o Preservative period. First subperiod: Total „ 16, 724 627 453 1.080 3.75 2.71 6.45 + 15,644 1.115 Average 3,345 125 91 216 + 3 129 223 Second subperiod: Total 17, 024 856 460 1.316 5.03 2.70 7.73 +15.708 2.540 Average 3,405 171 92 263 + 3 129 .508 Third subperiod: Total 17,119 687 515 1,202 4.01 3.01 7.02 +15,917 3.810 Average 3,424 137 103 240 + 3 184 762 Fourth subperiod: Total (3. 810) Average (. 762) First, second, and third sub- periods: Total 50,867 2,170 1,428 3,598 4.27 2.81 7.07 + 47,269 Average 3,391 145 95 240 .. .. + 3,151 Entire preservative period: Total 11. 275 Average .564 After period. First subperiod: Total 17, 114 732 481 1,213 4.28 2.81 7.09 + 15,901 .0 Average 3 423 146 96 242 + 3,181 .0 Second subperiod: Total 16, 705 648 473 1,121 3.88 2.83 6.71 + 15,584 .0 Average 3,341 130 95 224 + 3,117 .0 Entire after period: Total 33, 819 1,380 954 2,334 4.08 2.82 6.90 +31,485 .0 Average 3 382 138 95 233 + 3,149 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 981 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.] USTo. 3. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-M). 6 In urine (3-1). 7 In feces and urine (4+1). 8 Balance (1-4) 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (S0«). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 16 486 Calo- ries. 371 Calo- ries. 430 Calo- ries. 801 Per ct. 2 25 Per ct. 2.61 Per ct. 4.86 Calories. + 15,685 Grams. 0 0 Average 3,297 74 86 160 + 3,137 .0 Second subperiod: Total 17, 372 535 471 1,006 3.08 2.71 5.79 + 16,366 .0 Average 3,474 107 94 201 + 3,273 .0 Entire fore period: Total 33 858 906 901 1 807 2.68 2.66 5.34 +32,051 .0 Average 3 386 91 90 181 + 3 205 0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 16, 855 656 455 1,111 3.89 2.69 6.59 + 15,144 1. 115 Average 3,371 131 91 222 + 3,149 .223 Second subperiod: Total 17,584 511 461 972 2.91 2.62 5.53 +16,612 2.540 Average 3 517 102 92 194 + 3,333 .508 Third subperiod: Total 17, 478 693 461 1,154 3.96 2.64 6.60 +16.324 3.810 Average 3 496 139 92 231 + 3 265 7 62 Fourth subperiod: Total (.381) Average (.076) First, second, and third sub- periods: Total 51 917 1 860 1 377 3 237 3 58 2 65 6 23 + 48,680 Average 3,461 124 92 216 + 3,245 Entire preservative period: Total 7. 846 Average a. 392 After period. First subperiod: Total 17 508 413 430 843 2 36 2 46 4 81 +16,665 .0 Average 3 502 83 86 169 + 3 333 .0 Second subperiod: Total 17 534 468 455 923 2 67 2 59 5 26 +16 611 .0 Average 3,507 94 91 185 + 3,322 .0 Entire after period: Total Average 35,042 3 504 881 88 885 88 1,766 177 2.51 2.53 5.04 +33,276 + 3,327 .0 .0 Average for 1 day in a period of 20 days. 982 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 4. Period. 1 In food. In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-«-l). 6 In urine (3-1). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (SO,). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 15, 593 Calo- ries. 505 Calo- ries. 467 Calo- ries. 972 Per ct. 3.24 Per ct. 2.99 Per ct. 6.23 Calories. + 14,621 Grams. 0 0 Average 3,119 101 93 194 + 2,925 0 Second subperiod : Total 15,310 709 490 1,199 4.63 3.20 7.83 + 14,111 .0 Average 3,062 142 98 240 + 2,822 .0 Entire fore period: Total 30,903 1,214 957 2,171 3.93 3.10 7.03 +28,732 .0 Average 3,090 121 96 217 + 2,873 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 15,458 513 471 984 3.32 3.05 6.37 + 14,474 1.115 Average 3,092 103 94 197 + 2,895 .223 Second subperiod: Total 15,985 758 425 1.183 4.74 2.66 7.40 + 14,802 2.540 3 197 152 85 237 + 2,960 .508 Third subperiod: Total 15,971 508 440 951 3.18 2.77, 5.95 +15,020 3.810 Average 3 194 102 89 190 + 3,004 .762 Fourth subperiod: Total 15,756 633 437 1,070 4.02 2.77 6.79 + 14,686 5.100 Average 3,154 127 87 214 + 2,937 1.020 Entire preservative period: Total 63, 170 2,412 1,776 4,188 3.82 2.81 6.63 + 58,982 12. 565 Average 3 158 121 89 209 + 2,949 .628 After period. First subperiod: Total 16, 132 530 475 1,005 3.29 2.94 6.23 + 15,127 .0 Average 3,226 106 95 201 + 3,025 .0 Second subperiod: Total 15,781 3 156 643 129 471 94 1,114 223 4.07 2.98 7.06 + 14.667 + 2,933 .0 .0 Entire after period: Total 31,913 3 191 1,173 117 946 95 2,119 212 3.68 2.96 6.64 +29,794 + 2,979 .0 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 983 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In In Sodium Period. In food. In feces. In urine. feces and urine (2+3). In feces (2-i-l). In urine (3-«-l). feces and urine (4H-1). Balance d-4). phite admin- istered (S02).' Fore period. Calo- Calo- Calo- Calo- Second subperiod: ries. ries. ries. ries. Per ci. Perct. Per ct. Calories. Grams. Total 15,511 393 365 758 2.53 2.35 4.89 +14,753 0.0 Average 3,102 79 73 152 + 2,950 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 15,045 447 427 874 2.97 2.84 5.81 +14,171 1.115 Average 3,009 89 85 175 + 2,834 .223 Second subperiod: Total 15,371 526 384 910 3.42 2.50 5.92 +14,461 2.540 Average 3,074 105 77 182 + 2,892 .508 Third subperiod: Total 12, 662 415 351 766 3.28 2.77 6.05 +11,896 2.540 Average 2 532 83 70 153 + 2,379 .508 Fourth subperiod: Total : 10,043 459 273 732 4.57 2.72 7.29 + 9,311 .0 Average 2 009 92 55 146 + 1,863 .0 Entire preservative period: Total 53,121 1,847 1,435 3,282 3.48 2.70 6.18 +49,839 6.195 Average 2,656 92 72 164 + 2,492 .310 After period. First subperiod: Total 11,899 410 264 674 3.45 2.22 5.66 +11,225 .0 Average 2 380 82 53 135 + 2,245 .0 Second subperiod: Total 12,273 372 288 660 3.03 2.35 5.38 + 11,613 .0 Average 2 455 74 58 132 + 2,323 .0 Entire after period: Total 24,172 782 552 1,334 3.24 2.28 5.52 +22,838 .0 Average 2,417 78 55 133 + 2,284 .0 984 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII — Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 6. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-1). 6 In urine (3-4-1). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (S02). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 15 248 Calo- ries. 530 Calo- ries. 326 Calo- ries. 856 Per ct. 3 48 Per ct. 2 14 Per ct. 5 61 Calories. +14 392 Grams. 0 0 Average 3,050 106 65 171 + 2,879 .0 Second subperiod: Total 15,112 620 356 976 4 10 2 36 6 46 +14 136 o Average 3,022 124 71 195 + 2,827 .0 Entire fore period: Total 30,360 1,150 682 1,832 3.79 2.25 6.03 +28, 528 .0 Average 3,036 115 68 183 + 2,853 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 15,654 555 373 928 3.55 2 38 5 93 +14,726 1.115 Average 3,131 111 75 186 + 2,945 .223 Second subperiod: ' Total 15,408 826 402 1,228 5.36 2 61 7 97 +14,180 2.540 Average 3,082 165 80 246 + 2,836 .508 Third subperiod: Total 15,352 570 387 957 3.71 2.52 6.23 +14,395 3.810 Average 3,070 114 77 191 + 2,879 .762 Fourth subperiod: Total 15,635 628 392 1,020 4.02 2.51 6.52 +14,615 .0 Average 3,127 126 78 204 + 2,923 .0 " Entire preservative period: 62,049 2,579 1,554 4,133 4.16 2.50 6.66 +57,936 7.465 Average 3 102 129 78 207 + 2,875 .373 After period. First subperiod: Total 16,566 629 401 1,030 3.80 2.42 6.22 +15,536 .0 Average 3,313 126 80 206 + 3,107 .0 Second subperiod: Total 15,485 597 382 979 3.86 2.46 6.32 +14,506 .0 Average 3,097 119 76 195 + 3,004 .0 Entire after period: Total 32,051 1,226 783 2,009 3.83 2.44 6.27 -t- 30, 042 .0 Average 3 205 123 781 201 + 3,004 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 985 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.]. No. 7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Period. In food. In feces. In urine. In feces and urine (2+3). In feces (2-5-1). In urine (3-1) In feces and urine (4-5-1). Balance (1-4). Sul- phur- ous acid admin- istered (S0«). Fore period. Calo- Calo- Calo- Calo- First subperiod: Total ries. 15,223 ries. 414 ries. 318 ries. 732 Per d. 2.72 Per ct. 2.09 Perct. 4.81 Calories. -(-14,491 Grams. 0.0 A.verage 3,045 83 64 146 + 2,899 .0 Second subperiod: Total . .. 13,760 482 319 801 3.50 2.32 5.82 +12,959 .0 Average 2 752 96 64 160 + 2,492 .0 Entire fore period : Total 28,983 896 637 1,533 3.09 2.20 5.29 +27,450 .0 Average 2,898 90 64 153 + 2,745 .0 Preservative period. ~ ~ — • ~ • ' ~ First subperiod: Total 14, 274 576 328 904 4.04 2.30 6.33 + 13,370 .856 Average 2,855 115 66 181 + 2,674 .171 Second subperiod: Total .... 13,834 376 266 642 2.72 1.92 4.64 + 13,192 1.600 Average 2 767 75 53 128 + 2,639 .320 Third subperiod: Total 13,321 253 328 581 1.90 2.46 4.36 + 12,740 1.800 Average 2,664 51 66 116 + 2,548 .360 First, second, and third sub- periods: Total 41,429 1.205 922 2.127 2.91 2.23 - 5.13 +39,302 4.256 Average 2 762 80 61 142 + 2 620 o.213 o Average for 20 days. 986 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII — Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 8. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-1). 6 In urine (3-1). 7 In feces and urine (4H-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sul- phur- ousacid admin- istered (S02). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 16,040 Calo- ries. 548 Calo- ries. 324 Calo- ries. 872 Per ct. 3.42 Per ct. 2.02 Per ct. 5.44 Calories. + 15,168 Grams. 0.0 Average 3,208 110 65 174 + 3,034 o Second subperiod: Total 15 517 648 367 1 015 4 18 2 37 6 54 +14 502 o Average 3 103 130 73 203 + 2 900 o Entire fore period: Total 31,557 1,196 691 1 887 3 79 2 19 5 98 -t-29 670 o Average 3 156 120 69 189 + 2 967 o Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 15, 493 405 377 782 2.61 2.43 5 05 +14 711 856 Average. 3,099 81 75 156 + 2 943 171 Second subperiod: Total 15,500 452 346 798 2.92 2.23 5.15 + 14,702 2.000 Average 3,100 90 160 + 2,940 400 Third subperiod : Total 15 928 751 351 1 102 4 71 2 20 6 92 + 14 826 2 000 Average 3,186 150 70 220 + 2,996 .400 Fourth subperiod: Total 15, 492 802 341 1.143 5 18 2 20 7 38 +14 349 2 000 Average 3 098 WO 68 229 + 2 869 400 Entire preservative period: Total 62,413 2,410 1,415 3 825 3 86 2 27 6 13 + 58 588 6 856 Average 3 121 120 71 191 + 2 930 343 After period. First subperiod: Total 16, 155 564 360 924 3.49 2.23 5.72 +15,231 .0 Average. 3,231 113 72 185 + 3,046 .0 « Second subperiod: Total 15 726 641 363 1 004 4 08 2 31 6 39 + 14 722 o Average 3,145 128 73 241 + 2,904 .0 Entire after period: Total 31,881 1,205 723 1,928 3.78 2.27 6.05 +29,953 ,0 Average 3,188 120 72 193 + 2,995 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 987 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances^for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 9. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-=-!). 6 In urine (3-Hl). 7 In feces and urine (4-Hl). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sul- phur- ous acid admin- istered (S02). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 14, 870 Calo- ries. 420 Calo- ries. 367 Calo- ries. 787 Per ct. 2.82 Per ct. 2.47 Per ct. 5.29 Calories. + 14, 083 Grams. 0.0 Average . .. 2,974 84 73 157 + 2 817 o Second subperiod: Total 14,905 402 392 794 2 70 2 63 5 33 + 14,111 o Average 2,981 80 78 159 + 2 822 o Entire fore period: Total 29 775 822 759 1 581 2 76 2 55 5 31 + 28 194 o 2,978 82 76 158 + 2,820 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 14,805 521 428 949 3 52 2 89 6 41 + 13 856 856 • Average 2,961 104 86 190 + 2,771 .171 Second subperiod: Total 15 129 551 391 942 3 64 2 58 6 23 + 14 187 2 000 Average 3,026 110 78 188 + 2,838 .400 Third subperiod: Total 15, 152 495 393 888 3.27 2 *iQ 5.86 + 14,264 2 000 Average 3,030 99 79 178 + 2 852 400 Fourth subperiod: Total 14,859 320 426 746 2.15 2.87 5.02 + 14 113 2 000 Average 2,972 64 85 149 + 2 823 400 Entire preservative period: Total 59 945 1 887 1 638 3 525 3 15 2 73 5 88 + 56 420 6 856 Average 2,997 94 82 176 + 2 821 343 After period. First subperiod: Total. 15, 203 840 405 1,245 5 53 2 66 8 19 + 13 958 0 Average 3,041 168 81 249 + 2,792 .0 Second subperiod: Total 14,669 599 406 1 005 4 08 2 77 6 85 + 13 664 o Average 2,934 120 81 201 + 2,733 .0 Entire after period: Total 29 872 1 439 811 2 250 4 g2 2 71 7 53 +27 622 o Average. 2 987 144 81 225 + 2' 762 o 988 INFLUENCE OP FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII — Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 1O. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-Hl). 6 In urine (3+1). 7 In feces and urine (4-5-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sul- phur- ousacid admin- istered (SOi). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 15, 471 3,094 14,942 2,988 30,413 3,041 15,085 3,017 15,047 3,009 15, 516 3,103 15, 274 3,055 Calo- ries. 531 106 346 69 877 88 662 132 579 116 312 62 718 144 Calo- ries. 403 81 414 83 817 82 390 78 300 60 403 81 384 77 Calo- ries. 934 187 760 152 1,694 169 1,052 210 879 176 715 143 1,102 220 Per (t. 3.43 Per ct. 2.61 Per ct. 6.04 Calories. + 14,537 + 2,907 + 14,182 + 2,836 + 28,719 + 2,872 + 14,033 + 2,807 + 14,168 + 2,833 + 14,801  Entire fore period: Total 2.88 2.69 5.57 Average Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 4.39 2.58 6.97 .856 .171 2.000 .400 2.000 .400 2.000 .400 Average Second subperiod: , Total 3.85 1.99 5.84 Average Third subperiod: Total 2.01 2.60 4.61 Average Fourth subperiod: Total 4.70 2.51 7.21 Average Entire preservative period: Total 60,922 3,046 2,271 114 1,477 74 3,748 187 1,065 213 1.047 209 3.73 4.26 2.42 2.67 6.15 + 57,174 + 2,859 6.856 .343 Average After period. First subperiod: Total 15,369 3,074 14,940 2,988 30,309 3,031 655 131 680 136 410 82 367 73 6.93 + 14,304 + 2,861 + 13, 893 + 2,779 .0 - .0 .0 .0 Second subperiod: Total 4.55 2.46 7.01 Average Entire after period: Total 1,335 130 777 78 2,112 211 4.41 2.56 6.97 + 28,197 + 2,820 .0 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 989 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.]. No. 11. Period. 1 In - food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-1). 6 In urine (3-;-l). 7 In feces and urine (4-*-!). 8 Balance d-4). 9 Sul- phur- ousacid admin- istered (S0«). Fore perio^ First subperiod : Total Calo- ries. 19,030 Calo- ries. 655 Calo- ries. 468 Calo- ries. 1,123 Per ct. 3.41 Per ct. 2.46 Per ct. 5.90 Calories. + 17,907 Grams. 0.0 Average 3,806 131 94 225 + 3,581 .0 Second subperiod: Total 19,012 599 485 1,084 3.15 2.55 5.70 + 17,928 .0 Average 3,802 120 97 217 + 3,585 .0 x Entire fore period: Total 38,042 1,254 953 2,207 3.30 2.51 5.80 +35,835 .0 Average 3,804 125 95 221 + 3,583 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 19,096 745 461 1,206 3.90 2.41 6.32 + 17,890 .856 Average 3,819 149 92 241 + 3,578 171 Second subperiod: Total . .. 19,630 670 391 1 061 3 41 1 99 5 40 + 18,569 2.000 Average 3 926 134 78 212 + 3 714 .400 Third subperiod: Total 19,536 702 423 1 125 3 59 2 17 5 76 + 18 411 2.000 Average 3,907 140 85 225 + 3,682 .400 Fourth subperiod: Total 19 209 640 427 1 067 3 33 2 22 5 55 + 18 142 2 000 Average 3,842 128 85 213 + 3,629 .400 Entire preservative period: Total 77,471 2, 757 1,702 4 459 3 56 2 20 5 76 + 73 012 6 856 Average 3 874 138 85 223 + 3 651 343 After period. First subperiod : Total.. 19 274 619 435 1 054 3 21 2 26 5 47 + 18 220 o Average 3,855 124 87 211 + 3,644 o Second subperiod: Total 18 825 a 517 465 982 2 75 2 47 5 22 + 17 843 o Average 3,765 103 93 1% + 3 569 o Entire after period : Total 38,099 1,136 900 2 036 2 98 2 36 5 34 + 36 063 o Average 3,810 114 90 204 -fc 3.606 .0 Very small portion lost by -vomiting. 990 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESEKVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per day.] No. 13. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces ' (2-1). 6 In urine (3-t-l). 7 In feces and urine. (4-1). 8 Balance d-4). 9 Sul- phur- ous acid admin- istered (SO,). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 16,804 Calo- ries. 605 Calo- ries. 436 Calo- ries. 1,041 Per ct. 3.60 Per ct. 2.59 Per ct. 6.19 Calories. + 15,763 Grams. 0 0 Average 3,361 121 87 208 + 3,153 0 Second subperiod: Total 16,887 428 433 861 2.53 2.56 5.10 + 16,026 .0 Average 3,377 86 87 172 + 3,205 0 Entire fore period: Total 33,691 1,033 869 1,902 3.07 2.58 5.65 +31,789 .0 Average .. 3,369 103 87 190 + 3,479 0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 17,262 583 449 1 032 3 38 2 60 5.98 + 16, 230 856 Average 3,452 117 90 206 + 3,246 .171 Second subperiod: Total 17,829 466 462 928 ? 61 2.59 5.21 + 16,901 2 000 Average 3,566 93 92 186 + 3,380 .400 Third subperiod: Total 17 565 609 462 1,071 3.47 2.63 6.10 + 16, 494 1 600 Average 3,515 122 92 214 + 3,299 .320 Fourth subperiod: Total 17 524 450 428 878 2.57 2.44 5.01 + 16,646 0 Average 3,505 90 86 176 + 3,329 .0 Entire preservative period. Total 70,180 2,108 1,801 3,909 3.00 2.57 5.57 +66,271 4.456 Average 3,509 105 90 195 + 3,314 .223 After period. First subperiod: Total 16, 7.57 359 415 774 2.14 2.48 4.62 + 15,983 .0 Average 3,351 72 83 155 + 3,196 .0 Second subperiod: Total 15,990 555 420 975 3.47 2.63 6.10 + 15,015 .0 Average 3 198 111 84 195 + 3 003 .0 Entire after period: Total 32, 747 914 835 1,749 2.79 2.55 5.34 +30,998 .0 Average 3 275 91 84 175 + 3,100 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 991 TABLE XIX — Calories balances for Series VII — Continued. SUMMARIES. [Averages are per man per day.] :N"o.s. 1 to 6. Period. 1. In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-1). 6 In urine (3-1). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). a Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (S02). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. «81,365 Calo- ries. 2 634 Calo- ries. 2,188 Calo- ries. 4,822 Per ct. 3.24 Per ct. 2.69 Per ct. 5.93 Calories. + 76,543 Grams. 0.0 Average 3,255 105 88 193 + 3,062 .0 Second subperiod: Total 95,958 3 401 2,503 5,904 3 54 2 61 6 15 + 90,054 o Average 3,199 113 83 197 + 3,002 .0 Entire fore period: Total 177,323 6,035 4,691 10,726 3.40 2.65 6 05 +166,597 0 Average 3,224 110 85 195 + 3, 029 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total Average 95,254 3 175 3,325 111 2,606 87 5,931 198 3.49 2.74 6.23 + 89,323 + 2,977 6.690 223 Second subperiod: Total 97,501 4,030 2, 523 6,553 4.13 2.59 6.72 + 90,948 15 240 Average 3 250 134 84 218 + 3,032 508 Third subperiod: Total 94 810 3,171 2,579 5,750 3 35 2 72 6 06 + 89,060 21 590 Average 3,160 106 86 • 192 + 2,968 .720 First, second, and third sub- periods: Total 287 565 10,526 7,708 18, 234 3 66 2 68 6 34 +269,331 43 520 Average 3,195 117 86 203 + 2,992 .484 After period. First subperiod: Total 95,897 3,035 2,485 5,520 3.16 2.59 5.76 + 90,377 .0 Average.. 3,197 101 83 184 + 3,013 0 Second subperiod: Total Average 94,337 3, 145 3,038 101 2,501 83 5,539 185 3.22 2.65 5.87 + 88,798 + 2,960 .0 .0 Entire after period: Total 190, 334 6,073 4,986 11,059 3. 19 2.62 5.81 +179,175 .0 Average 3,171 101 83 185 + 2, 986 0 a No. 5 absent. 992 INFLUENCE OP FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per man per day.] . 8 to 11. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-1). 6 In urine (3-s-l). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sul- phur- ous acid admin- istered (SO,). Fore period. First subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 65, 411 Calo- ries. 2,154 Calo- ries. 1 562 Calo- ries. 3 716 Per ct. 3 29 Per a. 2 39 Per ct. 5 68 Calories. + 61,695 Grams, 0 0 Average Second subperiod: Total 3,271 64,376 108 1,995 78 1,658 186 3,653 3.10 2.58 5.67 + 3,085 + 60.723 .0 .0 Average 3,219 100 83 183 + 3,036 .0 Entire fore period : Total Average. 129, 787 3,245 4,149 104 3,220 80 7,369 184 3.20 2.48 5.68 +122, 418 + 3, 061 .0 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 64, 479 2,333 1,656 3,989 3.62 2.57 6.19 + 60,490 3.424 Average 3,224 117 83 199 + 3,025 .171 Second subperiod: Total.. 65,306 2,252 1,428 3,680 3.45 2.19 5.64 + 61,626 8.000 Average 3,265 113 71 184 + 3,081 .400 Third subperiod: Total Average 66, 132 3,307 2,260 113 1,570 78 3,830 192 3.42 2.37 5.79 + 62,302 + 3,115 8.000 .400 Fburth subperiod: Total Average 64,834 3,242 2,480 124 1,578 79 4,058 203 3.83 2.43- 6.26 + 60,776 + 3,039 8.000 .400 Entire preservative period: Total 260, 751 9,325 6,232 15, 557 3.58 2.39 5.97 +245, 194 27. 424 Average 3,259 117 78 194 + 3,065 .343 After period. First subperiod: Total 66,001 2,678 1,610 4,288 4.06 2.44 6.50 + 61,713 .0 Average 3,300 134 80 214 + 3, 086 .0 Second subperiod: Total 64,160 2,437 1,601 4,038 3.80 2.50 6.29 + 60,122 .0 Average 3,208 122 80 202 + 3,006 .0 Entire after period: Total 130, 161 5/115 -3,211 8,326 3.93 2.47 6.40 + 121,835 .0 Average 3,254 128 80 208 + 3,046 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 993 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per man per day.] !N~os. 1 and. 4. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). f 5 In feces (2-8-1;. 6 In urine (3+1). 7 In feces and urine (4+1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (SOi). Fore -period. First sub period: Total Calo- ries. 32,716 Calo- ries. 1,199 Calo- ries. 922 Calo- ries. 2,121 Per ct. 3.66 Per ct. 2.82 Per ct. 6.48 Calories. + 30,595 Grams. 0.0 3,272 120 92 212 -1- 3,060 .0 Second subperiod: Total 31,207 1,044 813 1,857 3.35 2.61 5.95 + 29,350 .0 \verage 3 121 104 81 186 + 2,935 .0 Entire fore period. Total 63,923 2 243 1,735 3,978 3.51 2.71 6.22 4- 59,945 .0 3 196 112 87 199 4- 2,997 0 Preservative -period. First subperiod: Total 30,976 1,040 898 1,938 3.36 2.90 6.26 4- 29,038 2.230 Average 3,098 104 90 194 -f 2,904 .223 Second subperiod: Total 32,114 1,311 816 2,127 4 08 2.54 6.62 4- 29,987 5.080 Average. 3,211 131 82 213 4- 2,998 .508 Third subperiod: Total 32,199 806 865 1,671 2.50 2.69 5.19 4- 30,528 7.620 Average 3,220 81 87 167 + 3,053 .762 Fourth subperiod: Total 32,311 990 876 1,866 3.06 2.71 5.78 4- 30,445 8.910 Average 3,231 99 88 " 187 4- 3,044 .891 Entire preservative period: Total 127,600 4,147 3,455 7,602 3.25 2.71 5.96 4-119,998 23.840 Average 3,190 104 86 190 4- 3,000 .596 After period. First subperiod : Total 32,810 851 909 1,760 2.59 2.77 5.36 4- 31,050 .0 Average 3,281 85 91 . 176 4- 3, 105 .0 Second subperiod: Total 32,340 953 903 1,856 2.95 2.79 5 74 4- 30,484 .0 Average 3,234 95 90 186 4- 3,048 .0 Entire after period: Total 65,150 1,804 1,812 3,616 2.77 2.78 5.55 4- 61,534 .0 Average 3 258 90 91 181 4- 3,077 .0 994 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII — Continued. [Averages are per man per day.] N"os. 5 and. 6. Period. 1 In food. 2 In feces. 3 In urine. 4 In feces and urine (2+3). 5 In feces (2-5-1). 6 In urine (3-5-1). 7 In feces and urine (4-1). 8 Balance (1-4). 9 Sodium sul- phite admin- istered (SOi). Fore period. Second subperiod: Total Calo- ries. 30, 623 Calo- ries. 1,013 Calo- ries. 721 Calo- ries.. 1,734 Per ct. 3 31 Per ct. 2 35 Per ct. 5 66 Calories: + 28,889 Grams. 0 0 Average 3,062 101 72 173 4- 2,889 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 30,699 1,002 -=z. :_. = 800 1,802 3 26 2 61 5 87 4- 28,897 2 230 Average 3,070 100 80 180 4- 2,890 .223 Second subperiod: Total 30,779 1,352 786 2,138 4.39 2.55 6.95 + 28,641 5.080 3,078 135 79 214 + 2 864 508 Third subperiod: Total 28,014 985 738 1,723 3.52 2.63 6.15 + 26,291 6.350 2,801 98 74 172 + 2,629 .635 Fourth subperiod: Total 25, 678 1,087 665 1,752 4.23 2.58 6.82 4- 23,926 .0 2,568 109 66 175 + 2, 393 .0 Entire preservative period: Total 115, 170 4,426 2,989 7,415 3.84 2.60 6.44 -1-107,755 13.660 2 879 111 75 185 4- 2,694 .342 After period. First subperiod: Total 28,465 1,039 665 1,704 3.65 2.34 5.99 + 26,761 .0 Average 2,846 104 66 170 4- 2, 676 .0 Second subperiod: Total 27,758 969 670 1,639 3.49 2.41 5.90 + 26,119 .0 Average 2,776 97 67 164 + 2,612 .0 Entire after period : Total 56,223 2,008 1,335 3,343 3.57 2.37 5.95 4- 52,880 .0 2,811 100 67 167 4- 2, 644 .0 SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 995 TABLE XIX. — Calories balances for Series VII— Continued. [Averages are per man per day.] ISTos. *7 and. 13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sul- In In phur- Period. In food. In feces. In urine. feces and urine In feces (2-Hl). In urine (3+1). feces and urine Balance (1-4). ous acid admin- (2+3). (4-1). istered (S02). Fore period. Calo- Calo- Calo- Calo- First subperiod: ries. ries. ries. ries. Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. Calories. Grams. Total 32,027 1,019 750 1,773 3.18 2.35 5.54 + 30,254 0.0 Average 3,203 102 75 177 + 3,026 o Second subperiod: Total 30,647 910 752 ],662 2 97 2 45 5.42 + 28,985 0 Average 3,065 91 75 166 + 2,899 0 Entire fore period: Total 62, 674 1,929 1,506 3,435 3 08 2 40 5.48 + 59 239 .0 Average 3,134 96 75 172 + 2,962 .0 Preservative period. " First subperiod: Total 31,536 1,159 111 1 936 3 68 2 46 6 14 + 29 600 1 712 Average 3,154 116 78 194 + 2,960 .171 Second subperiod: Total 31 663 842 728 1 570 2 66 2 30 4 96 + 30 093 3 600 Average 3,166 84 73 157 + 3', 009 360 Third subperiod: Total 30,886 862 790 1,652 2 79 2 56 5 35 4- 29 234 3 400 Average 3,089 86 79 165 +- 2 924 340 First, second, and third subperiods: Total 94,085 2,863 2,295 5 158 3 04 2 44 5 48 4- 88 997 8 712 Average 3,136 95 76 172 + 2 964 290 ISTos. 7 to 13. Fore period. First subperiod: Total 97 438 3 173 2 316 5 489 3 26 2 38 5 63 + 91 949 0 0 Average 3,248 ' 106 77 183 + 3,065 0 Second subperiod: Total 95, 023 2,905 2,410 5,315 3 06 2 54 5 59 + 89,708 .0 Average 3,167 97 80 177 -H 2 990 o Entire fore period: Total 192 461 6 078 4 726 10 804 3 16 2 46 5 61 + 181 657 o Average 3,208 101 79 180 4- 3,028 .0 Preservative period. First subperiod: Total 96,015 3,492 2,433 5,925 3 64 2.53 6 17 + 90,090 5.136 Average 3,200 116 81 198 + 3,002 171 Second subperiod: Total Average 96,969 3,232 3,094 103 2,156 72 5,250 175 3.19 2 22 ' 5 41 -1- 91,719 + 3,057 11.600 387 Third subperiod: Total 97,018 3, 122 2,360 5 482 3 22 2 43 5 65 + 91,536 11.400 Average 3,234 •104 79 183 4- 3 051 380 •iui First, second, and third subperiods: Total 290,002 9,708 6,949 16,657 3 35 2 40 5 74 +273,345 28. 136 Average 3,222 108 185 4- 3,037 .313 11240— Bull. 84, pt 3—07 16 996 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. SOLIDS BALANCE. INDIVIDUAL DATA. The total solids of the food are considered and the balance deter- mined. In the case of No. 1 the quantity of solid matter — that is, dry matter — ingested is quite constant during the three periods of observation. The amount of solid matter recovered in the feces is practically the same for the fore period and the preservative period, but decreases considerably during the after period, while the solids in the food are slightly increased. The quantity excreted in the urine is uniform for the three periods. Naturally the balances are positive and of very large magnitude, as the greater part of the solid bodies of the food are digested and absorbed. The quantity of solids in the foods of No. 2 is also quite constant, and the amounts recovered in the feces and urine suffer very little variation during the three periods. In the case of No. 3 the solids in the food are quite constant, ranging from 660 grams per day in the fore period to 682 grams in the after period. The solid matter excreted in the feces is slightly increased during the preservative period. The amount excreted in the urine is practically constant in the three periods, being slightly increased in the preservative period. There is shown, therefore, a slight increase of total solids eliminated during the preservative period, although the quantity of solid material used by the body remains practically the same, owing to the slight increase in the amount ingested. No. 4 shows a marked uniformity both in the amounts of total solids ingested and eliminated during the three periods. It is evident from these data that the preservative in this case does not exercise any decided influence upon the metabolism of total solids. For -reasons which have already been given, the data for No. 5 are incomplete and do not afford any basis of comparison. In the case of No. 6 the quantity of total solids in the foods is considerably increased in the after period, but the amount excreted is not proportionally increased. There is, however, a slight ten- dency shown to ^retard the absorption of solids and to increase elimination. The data for No. 7 are incomplete and in so far as they are recorded do not show any notable influence of the preservative, although there is a slightly increased elimination in the urine. The balance is reduced in the preservative period, but corresponds to the reduction of the solids in the food. SULPHUROUS ACID AND SULPHITES. 997 No. 8 has a fairly uniform quantity of total solids in the food and a uniform excretion in the feces and urine, and no marked dis- turbing influences are noticed as a result of the administration of the preservative. In the case of No. 9 there is a marked increase in the excretion of total solids in the feces in the after period, while there is a notable increase in the amount eliminated in the urine in the preservative period. The preservative period in this instance evidently has a slight tendency .to inhibit the absorption of the total solids and to increase the katabolic activities. With No. 10 there is' a considerable increase in the total solids excreted in the feces both in the preservative period and in the after period. The amount eliminated in the urine decreases in the pre- servative period. There is a slight indication in this case of meta- bolic derangement under influence of the preservative in respect of total solids. In the case of No. 11 the quantities or total solids in the food and the quantities excreted in the feces and urine show no marked vari- ations in the three periods, but the same general tendency is indi- cated as in the case of No. 10. In the case of No. 12 there is a slight increase in the quantity of total solids in the feces in the preservative period and an increase in the amount excreted in the urine. There is again a slight tendency to inhibit assimilation and increase excretion. SUMMARIES. 