None
Porter locomotive. Weight, 7 tons; height, 5 ft. 2 ins. ; width, 4 ft. 2 ins. ; length, 12 ft. over all. Four 24-in. drivers; wheel- base, 48 ins.; gag;, 22^ ins,; cylinders, 7 by 12 ins.; tank pres- sure, 700 lbs.; working pressure. 140 lbs.; charging time, 30-60 seconds. Haulage distance, 1,200-4,000 ft.; pipe-line, 1,800 ft. Locomotive hauls four 20-car trains per 10 hours, from each of 10 loading places. Weight of loaded train, including locomotive, 43 tons; weight empty train, 18 tons. At the compressor are 2 receivers, each 3 by 17 ft, 9. Compressed-air haulage plant at No. 6 Colliery, Susque- hanna Coal Co., Glen Lyon, Pcnn. Following is an abstract n,gt,7cdT:C00glc COMPRESSED AIR HAULAGE 463 of tests by J. H, Bowden and R. V. Norris.* Though the plant is old, the results are useful. Compressor: Norwalk, three-stage; steam cylinder, so by 34 ins.; air cylinders, 12^, 9i and 5 ins. by 34 ins.; capacity, at 100 revolutions, 296 cu.ft. free air per min., compressed to 600 lbs. Maiu pipe-line at No. 6 shaft, 4,380 ft. long, 5 ins. diameter, with 5 charging stations, and capacity of 608 cu.ft. Branch line, in No. 6 slope, 3,100 ft. long, 3 ins. diameter, with 3 charging sta- tions, and capacity of 159 cu.ft. Locomotives: two, by H. K. Porter Co.; weight, 8 tons; tan'c capacity, 130 cu.ft.; pressure. 550 lbs., reduced to 160 lbs. in an 8-in. auxihary reservoir of 4.2 cu.ft. capacity. Cylinders, 7 by 14 ins.; four 24-in. drivers. At No. 6 shaft the run averages 4,000 ft. each way. on i-2f% grades, averaging about 1%. in favor of the load. Run at No. 6 slope averages 3,100 ft., with nL-arly the same grades. Cars weigh 2,800 lbs. empty, and about 9,8oolbs. loaded; trains, I2-20 cars. The shaft locomotive hauls about 355, and the slope locomotive 320 cars, per 10 hours, doing the work of 32 mules. Tests on the compressor showed 150 indicated H.P. at 131 revs., compressing 387.8 cu.ft, free air per min. The combined capacity of both pipe-lines is 767 cu.ft., which, at 600 lbs. gage pressure, is equivalent to 32,500 cu.ft. free air. Capacity of locomotive main and auxiliary tanks, 134.6 cu.ft.; at 508 lbs. (at which pressure the tanks equalize with the mains, the initial presLure being 600 lbs.), this is equiv- alent to 4,845 cu.ft. free air. In standing 12 hours, the pipe line pressure falls to 350 lbs.; hence the loss p:;r hour from leak- age is 974 cu.ft. free air, or 4.18'^ of total air compressed. Average A'olume free air used by both locomotives per ton- mile: gross. 100 cu.ft.; net, 180 cu.ft. Another test showed a total consumption of 223,020 cu.ft. free air, for hauling 676 cars per day. The volume of free air apparently compressed for this work was 279,200 cu.ft., of which 83.4*^,'. is accounted for, leaving 16.6% for leakage and slip in the compressor, leakage in air lines, and changes in temperature. ' TriHiiiulioni Amrri(i2H Ins'.ilntr of Mining linginrrrs, \'rA, XXX, p. 566. ;dT'COOglC COMPRESSED AIR PLANT Table LUI Haulage Data, Glen Lyon Colliery Number of trips, empty Number of trips, loaded Average number cars per trip, empty Average number of ears per trip, loaded Average cu.ft. free air per trip, empty Averaf^ cu.ft. free air per trip, loaded Averase cu.ft. free air per round trip Average cu.ft. free air per ton-mile, on pri^ss Imnage. Average cu. ft. free air per ton-mile, on n. t to.inage. Shah Loco. No.. Plue. Pl^ 3 10 3 10 15.33 IJ.7 13 13 i.;j4 S.686 1.631 .8q8 3.3SS 7,5*4 "3 103 Cost of the plant, omitting boilers, was: Compressor and extras $^i95S.7S Two locomotives and e.ilras 5,869.76 Kpe-line: s-in, line, 6,000 ft. (1,914.31 3-in. line, 4.000 ft 1,140.46 Steam connections to comprcs.'ior 278, ij Material and labor on compressor house and foundations, and install- ing pipe-line, etc 1,513. »3 Charging stations 3-1.11 Total cost (15,136.00 Average cost of operation for 2 years, on basis of 170 days' work per year, was Si 2.60 per lo-hour shift, inclutJing $2.32 for steam for compressor, iurnished by main boiler plant of mine. Adding proportion of fixed cha'ges. with interest, depreciation and repairs, the dailj' cost (300 days' worli per year) would be $18.52 per day. For the 2 years, the average cost f>er ton-mile was as shown in Table LIV. In these two years the sa\ing over the expense of the mule haulage, previously employed, was $14,218, or nearly the total cost of the haulage plant. n,gt,7cdT:G00glc COMPRESSED AIR HAULGAE Table LIV Hadlage Operating Costs, Glen Lyon Colliery Shaft locomotive, gross tonnage. Shaft kicoinotive, net tonnage.. Slope locomotive, gross tonnage. Slope locomotive, net tonnage.. Both locomotives, gross tonnage Both locomotives, net tonnage 1898 (160 Days), 0.7s 1.3s 84s 3 09 400 12 I OS 1.241 U- I Hg I.J4S U- 10, Following is the cost of a large colliery plant, as given by Beverly S. Randolph,* who installed and operated it: Three-stage, compound compressor ts-SOO Pipe line: 5,600 ft., s-in $S,6oo 3,100 ft., 3i-in 1,700 1,000 ft., il-in joo Two main locomotives, weight 30,000 lbs, each 6,000 Five gathering-locomotives, weight S,ooo lbs, each 10,000 Two boDers, each 80 H.P ifloo Installation, labor, and material 4,000 Total cost i33i900 This plant includes an unusually large number of small gathering-locomotives. If the equipment had consisted of four 25,000-lb. engines, costing, say, $2,800 each, and which would do the same work, the total cost would be $29,100. 11. InspiratiOD Consolidated Copper Co., Ariz. In 1914, six lO-toa two-stage locomotives were installed for underground service; in August, 1917, there were 11 locomotives in use, including 2 spares. Over-all dimensions, 5 ft. 9 ins. high by S ft. 4 ins. wide by 16 ft. long. Rigid wheel-base, 4 ft.; track gage, 30 ins,; 4 drivers, 26 in. diameter; total weight, 20,000 • Trans. Iniln. a} Uin. Engrs. (EngUnd>, Vol, XXVIl (1904I. p. 433. n,gt,7cdT:C00gic 466 COMPRKSSED AIR PLAXT lbs., all on drivers; drawbar pull, 4^00 lbs.; {Cylinders, 7 ins, and 14 ins. by 14-in. stroke; locomotive storage tank, 40-iiL diameter by 1 2 ft. 8 ins. long, 105 cu.f t- capacity. Air at 1,000 lbs. is furnished by two 4-stage compressors, each having a capacity of 1,125 cu.ft. of free air per min. Main air-line in shaft is 6 in., with 3-in. and 2-in. branches to charging stations; there are no receivers. Average chargii^ time, i min. Charging pressure, 800 lbs., which is dropped by a reducing valve to 250 lbs. in an auxiliary reservoir. In the high-pressure cylinder, the air is expanded to 50 lbs., causing a temperature drop to about 140° F. below normal. Before the air enters the low-pressure cylinder, its normal temperature is approximately restored by an interheatcr. Trains average 15 cars (maximum, 25 cars), each weighing 2 tons and carrying 5 tons of ore; train crew, engineer and 2 helpers; 5 cars at a time are dumped in a rotary tipple. Average haul (August, 1917), 0.475 ™'^- Locomotive is charged once per round trip. Average number of trips, 15 per 7 hours of actual hauling time. Power per ton-mile. 0.796 kw. Cost of haulage is variable, due to sliding wage scale. n,gt,7cdT:G00glc INDEX Abrams, H. T,, tests on air-li(t punip?. 422 Absolute pressure, lempersture ami xna, 47 Adiabatic compression, 53, 56, 64, ijS, I jQ, 140; etjualion iti, 58, O5 Adiabatic expansion, 241. 243 Adjustable steam cutall \'ali-e, 34 AffelJer, \V. I,., on compressor explosion, aoi Aftercoolers, 32, 96, 170, 173 Ainsworth (B. C). hydraulic compressor at, 213-215 Air and steam cards combined, 23 Air cards, 58, Q7, 105, 146, 151-153. i8q; elements of, mC; of stage compressor, 97 Air-cataract valves. 121 Air compression at altitudes above sea-level, 191-197; by direct action of falling water, 209-2 io Air compressors: belt-driven, 25, 26. 31. 33; builders, list of. 4C1; chain-driven. 20, 37.40; classification. 8, 46; direct-driven, 3H.30.4r; dr>', 7b; for compressed- air haulaRe, 453-457; geared, 31. 3H, 40; half-duplex. 10; horse-power of, 138-143; hydraulic, 209-220; makers of. 46; performance of, tj? rf leq.; tests. r49-i68; waterw^lrivcn. 26-33; "Ct. 72-7; Air-consumption of machine driUs. 595-301 Air cylinder governors and unlca<k'rs. 182-190 (see Air-pressure regulators) Air cylinders, proportions of. 25. 88-9*, 05 "Air-electric" drill, 5, ^90-^92; track cKannclvr, 389. 392 ;\ir engines. 235-251 Air-feed hammer drills, 319, 331. 33,)- S.WS^^ Air, free. 47: specific heats at constant I'ressure and volume, 53; weight of, 48, 30 Air governors, 175-190 Air hammer drills, 311 rt siq. Air inlet, area o(, 100, 123; conduit lor. ri7; %'alves, 99-1 iK Air-lift pumps, 415 tl srq.\ air pressure for. 418. jio. 4;o. 421. 414, 4i(); elliciency, 419, 420, 411, 426, 43 : fimt-]iicces. 42; 425, THiio of submergence to lift. Air prcssuri' for machine drills. 293-297 \irprcssure regulalort. 175-190; .Mlis-l'I aimers [No. 185; American. 177; Clayton. 176; Franklin, ifto; Intierscill-Kand, 177, 180 185. 190; l^idlaw- Dunn-Gordon. 180, 181; Ncrdburg. 180, i83-i89' Xonvalk, 17;; Sullivan, ■7S, 179. 180; unloaders. [82-190 407 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc 468 INDEX Air pulsktor for "electric air " drills, ago Air receivers, g6, i6g el stq.; balle plates for, 173; functions, 169-171; Mcea, 169, 174; underground receivers, 171, 173, 156, 406; volumetric CKpadty, 174 Air-thrown valves for rock-drills, 174-188 "Air-tube Rotator" drill (Sullivan Machinery Co.), 318, 339 Alaska-Treadwell Gold Mining Co., ciHnpressor plant, 16 Alley & MacCleUan compressois, S, j8 Allis-Chalmers compressors, lo, 19, 46, 78, 99; mechanically-coptioUed vslve- motioDS, iig; plate valves, no; pressure regulators uid governors, iSo, 1S5 Altitudes ahove sea-le\'el, air compression at, 191 d i(y.; buooietric preawra corresponding to. 104) mechanically-cnntrolled inlet valves foi, 195; itage compression at, 196 American Air Compressor Works. 46; air governor, 177 American Insl. of Mining Engineers. Trans, of, 143, 105, ilj, 149, 151, 417, 419, 465 American Locomotive Co., compressed-air locomotives, 436 American Machinist, 8, 151, 146, 267 American Socirty of Cioii Engineers, Proceedings of, 415 Anaconda copper mine, compressed-air liaulage at, 461, 463) compresaed-air hoists, 249-13: Angelo and Cason Mills. So. .Vfrica. tests on air-lift pumps, 434-416 Angle-compound compres-snr (Sullivan Machinery Co.), 37, 117 Anie-coolers for compressors, 96 Aragon iron mine, Mich., compressed air haulage at, 463 Area of compressor air inlet. :oo, 101; of discharge, 133, 133 Area of discharge valves, m Associ-ilion of En^incerins S:iiiefie , Tmnsaclions of, 406 Auger coal drills: Fairmonl Mining Machinery Co., 37;; Howells, 377; IngeraoU- Rand. 376; Jeffrey. 377 " Auger Kolator " drill, Sullivan Machinery Co., 319, 331 Auuliar>' reser\*oirs for compressed-air locomotives, 445, 446, 447, 439, 463 BafRe plates tor air receivers, : ;.i Bailey & Co., Manchester, compressor piston i-alve, i,i6 Balanced pislon valves, 14 Baldwin Locomotive Works, compres.'ied-air locomolives. 435-437, 444 Ball-and-socket joints for compressed-air locomotive charging station, 449.. 4S' Beckett, P. G., on air-lift pump, 41; Behr, H. C. air-lift pump experiments, 418: on "two-pipe" system of o pressed air transmission. 247 Bell, J. L., experiments im rwk drills, J<)g Bellis & Morccm compn.■^^oTs. H Bell-driven compressors. 20. 25. 33. 35-30 Bendigo district, Victoria. I^anscll's air-lift pump, 417, 418 Bends in air pipe, 233, 234 Bernstein, P., on Clausthal hydraulic compressor, 219 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc INDEX 468 Berwind-White Coal and Coke Co., compressor testa, 151, 151 "Best receiver pressure" for compressors, 60, 62, 67 Bit-sh&nks for drills, 315, ji8, 335, 33J, 344 Bits, hollow, 313, 31s, 320, 31a, 337, 347; solid, 337, 33". 344, 34^, 347 Blakney, hydraulic compressor, jig Bleeder valve for compressed-air locomotive charging-station, 450 Bawden, J. H., test on compressed-air haulage plant, 463 Boyle's law, 48, 49, 50 Brandt rotary drill, i6g Breakage of drill parts, 305 a seq. British- Westinghouse Rateau mixed-pressure turbine and air compressor, 41, 43, 45 Brotherhood & Co., Peter, compressors, 8 Bryant channeler, 384 Buck Mountain Colliery, compressed-atr haulage at, 458 "Bullmoose" hammer drill, 325. 327 Burbanks Main-lode mine, W. Aust, two-staRe air-lift, 430, 431 Burleigh compressor at Hoosac Tunnel, 2 Buming-pobts of cylinder oils (see Ignition points) Burra-Buira mine, compressor at, II, 149 Bury Compressor Co., 46 Butlc, Montana, compressor explosion, 104 "Butterfly- valve" drills, InRersoll Rand Co: bominer, 313-316, 333-337, 343- 346; reciprocating. 283-285 By-pass for air cylinder, 82 Cable-reel electric locomotive, 132 Calumet and Hecia Ci^per Mine, introduction of machine driUs, 1 Canadian Eltclrical Nevrs, 113 Canadian Enginrer, The, 210 Canadian Mining InslituU, Transacliom of, 256 Capacity of air for mobtute. 84, 353 Camahan, C. T., Manufacturing Co.. hammer drill, 349 Carriage mounting for drilU (in tunnehng). 273 Cason and Angclo milli, South Africa, tests on air-hft pumps, 414, 416 Cataract valves for compressors, ui CavS rock drill, 1 Chain coal-cutters: Jeffrey, 350, 333-35;; Sullivan, 350, 33i. SST-i*"* Chain-dri.'Cn compressors, 20, 37, 40 Chambtr of Mints, W. AusI,, Jour, of, 431 Champion Iron mine, Mich., drill tests, 300 Channeling machines, 380 el seq.; depth of rut and speed of work, 388; ahape of bits, 380, 385. 389 ChaoDing, J. Parke, air-compressor test, 11, 149 Charging compiessois for compressed-air locomotives, 453-457 Charging stations for compressed-air locomotives, 449-451 Cbftries's l»w, 49 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc 470 INDEX Chattering of inlet valves, loi, loj Chersen drill, 287 "ChicBSo Catling" drill, 186 "Chicago Hummer" drills, j86. 331, 333, 334 CMcago Pneumatic Tool Co., j8;, 331, 335, 346; drills, 33'- 334, 335. 34^; reciprocating drills, 286, 287; und pressed-air hoist, 349 Chodtko, A. E., on " two-pipe "' system of air tmnsmission, 247 Choking of air pipes by ice, 171 "Choking" controller for air cylinders, 185 Christensen compressor, 40 "Cincinnati" air-valve gear, 1*9 Cbck valves for atr inlet. 99 Clark. D. K.. volumes and weights of air at different temperatures, 48 Clasd6calions: compressors, 8, 46; hammer drills, 311; reciprocating drilb, 173 Clausthal silver mines, hydraulic compressor at, 21Q Clayton coTipres^r. 1, 4b; governor and pressure regulator. 176. Gearance: in air engine, 143; in compressor cylinder, 63-71, 79-82; proportionate and disproportionate, theory of. 67-70 Clearance controller, for compressors, 1S5 Gemeni. G., data on compressed-air haulage, 459 Cleveland hammer drill, 34Q Gifton Colliery, England, compressor explosion, 201 ' • Climax "[mperial" drills, R. Compressed -air drills, 269-349 Compressed-air engines, 235-252; actual work done, 242; clearance, 243; con- sumption of air, 245; cutoff, 243, 244; cylinder volume for given horse-power, n,gt,7cdT:G00glc INDEX 471 144; reheating [or, 145, 34S, 151; working; at fuH pressure, ijq; working with corafrfete expansion, 140, 241; working with partial expanMon, 140, J48 Cmnpreiueci-aiT haulage, 4.11-466; chargiog stations, 449; locomotives, 433-447; pipelines, 447-449: plants, Examples of, 45S-466 Compressed-air hoists. 247-151; air storage for. ijo, 251; at .Anaconda mine. 249- 151; at Copper Queen mine, 251; at FiankUn Junior mine. 252; at Miami mine. 348, 252; at Simmer Deep mbe.Witwatersrand, 247; reheating for, 248. 251; volume of air for, 248, 350, J51, as* Compressed-air hoists (small) for underground use, 148-249; Chicago Pneumatic .Tool Co.'s hoist, 149; Holman hoist, 349; Ingersoll-Rand "Little Tugger," 249; Leadville "column" hoist, 149 Compressed Mx Machinery Co.. compressors. 31, 46 Compresstd Air itagazinr, lib, 174, 21B. 224. 244. 246. 258, 398. 399. 411, 426. 459 Compressed-air pumps. 394-431 ; adjustment of air pressure. 397; cITicicncies of, 462; interheaters tor, 406. 407; preheating (or. 405 ; prevention of freezing in, 40s. 407 Compressed air, reheatii^; of, 258-268; power cost of, 150 Compressed-air transmisson. 221-234; loss of power. 221; loss ol pressure, 222; piping. 213. 2JS, 230, 231, J33; resistance due to bends in pipinR, !33, 234 Compressed air tiTJUj electric transmission. 5; rirjHj steam transmission, 3 Compressed air versus steam for direct-acting pumps, 397, 398 Compression curve, construction of, 144 Compression of air, 47 n scq.; adiabalic, 53. 56, 64. 13R. 139. 141; at altitudes above sea-level, 191-197; by direct action of falling water, io9'i2o; dry versus wet, 82; heat of, 53. 54. 59, 76; isothermal, 53, c,^. 6j, 138, 139. 141; laws. 48.49; rate of increaseof temperature, 50. 51 ; stage compression. 60-64, 66-71; temperatures of (see Temperatures); with clearance. O3-71; without clearance, 34 6.(. Compressor, air valves, 99-136; explosions, 198-208; half-duplex. 20; indicator cards, 97, 105, 146, 151-153; piston speed, 32, 73, 77, 86, 95, 101, 123; tests, Jl. 45. 149-168 Compressor builders, list of, 46 Compressors: chain-driven, 20. 37. 40; classifications, 8, 46; com parision of types, aa-ii; Corliss steam end, 14, 17, 21. 23; direct-driven and belt-driven, ij 26 31, 33 d srq.; drj-. 76, 82; duplex, 8, 15 et stq.; electric -driven, 10, 38. 40, 41' haU-duple.t, 20; high-speed, 41; horse-power of. 138-143; for locomotive haulage, 453-457; performance of, 137-168; proportions of cylinders, 25, 90 93, 95; rating of. 137. t.}8; stage, 8. 10. 13-19. 86; straight-line. 8, 9 rf s<^.; turbo-compressors, 41-45; vertical. 8; water-driven, ,26-33; *s'> ?'■ 81; with compound air end, 8, 10, 13-10. 86; with compound steam end, 8, 13 etsrq. Compressors, makers and names of: Alley & MacClellao. 8, 38; .\llis-Chalmcrs. 10, 19, 4'', 78. 1<>: Belli? 8r Morram. 8; Huricigh, j; Bury. 46; Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co.. 27, 4(1; Christcnscn. 40; Clayton, 3. 46; Compressed Air Machinery Co.. 31,46; Dubois-Franiob, 2, 72, 90: Franklin, 180: Hanarte, 73; Humboldt, 72, 73; Ingervill-Rand. 10, 11. t.?. 16, 17. 24, 26, j8. ,19, 40. 41,45.46.80,81,99, 101. 152, 433. 455 ■45"; King-Riedler, 8; I.aidlBw-nura)- Gordon, 9, 10, 17, 18, 36, 46, 79, 81, 99, 101, 110, joj; I>;yner, no. 111; n,gt,7cdT:G00glc 472 INDEX Nordberg, ai, io, 46, 76, 77, 99, 149; Nonralk, i, to, ij 45, 46, 89, 99, 106, 125, 453; Rand, 1; Rateau (turbo), 41; Riedler, 8, 10, 133; Rix Com- piessor aod Drill Co., 46; Robey & Co., 3, 10, 41; Schnddei ft Co., Creusot, France, 90; Sullivan Machinery Co., 10, 11, 14, 34, 35, 37, 46, 99; Vulcan Iron Works Co., 66; Walker Bros., 30; Worthington Pump and Machine Co., 46 Conduit for inlet ail, 117-118 CcMisumption of air: by air engines, 144, 145; by direct-acting pumps, 399-401; by mocbine drills, 18s, »S6, 1S7, 196, 301, 347; by pneunutic diiplaccment pumps, 4"i4iS ContioUei, clearance, for compre^oTS, 190 Conveyance of compressed air in pipes, 311-334 Coolgardie, Western Aust., ur-lift at, 430, 431 Cooling: aftercocders, 33, 96, 170, 173; ante-coolers, 96; modes of, 59, 60, 64, 71- 73. 76-79, 83-8S, 87; intercooleiB, 33, 60, 6a, 67, 87, 90, 93-96; in iccmcn, 6oi9^i97i 174; water-jackets, 59, 76-79 Copper Qhieen mine, compressed-ur-hoist, 153 Cofbett, R. H., on compressed-air hoist, 251 Codiss air valves, 10, 14, >7, "9, ",31,99, 107, m, 134. "9, 130,13' OxUss steam-valve motion for compressors, 14, 17, 11, 33, 99. Costs of air comiH<ei«on, 155, 157, 158, 159, i6t, 163, 164, 165, 166, 317, 118, 319 Couch, J. J., rock-drill, i Cox, Wm., compressed-air calculations and tables, 399-401 Crispell, C. W,, nomograms for compressed-air calculatbns, 143, 143, 315 Ctimmings, Chas., "two-pipe" system of compressed-air transmission, 345, 147, 40a Cushioning in machine drills, 376, 393, 303, 304, 316 Cutoff in air engines, 343, 344. 14S; nominal and actual, 343, 343 Cylinder dimensions of simple pumps, 398 Cylinder oils, flash and ignition points, 300, 3o3, 104 Cylinder proportioias for compressors, 33, 90-93, 9S Cylinder volumes: in stage compression, 90-93; of air engine, 344, 145 "Dancing" or "chattering" of inlet valves, 101, 103 D'Arcy's formula for loss of pressure in pipes, 333, 330; graphic solution of formula, 335, 338, 339 De Kalb, 111., tests on air-lift pump, 418 Delivery valves, 119-133. I34--I36; cataract-controlled poppets, I3i; effect of leakage, 119, 301; mechanical control for, 135; poppet type, 119, 137, 139 Denver Rock Drill and Machinery Co., hammer drills, 335-337, 340-543 Deposition of moisture from compressed air, 170, 171-173 Depth oE bole: hammer drills, 347, 348; reciprocating drills, 309 Dickson Manufacturing Co.. compressed-air locomotives, 461 Direct-acting pumps, operation by compressed air, 394-40S Direct compression by falling water, 309-120 Direct-connected compressors, 38, 41 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc INDEX 473 Disk or dnnilar uw coal cutters: Jeffrey, 361, 364; Mnvor & Conlson (dectilc only), 7, 36s. Diidivse v^ves (see Delivery valves) DischaiKC- valve area, 113 DispUcement pumps, pneumatic, 409-4151 Halsey, 411; Latta-Mftrtin, 411; MerriU, 410 Double-ported inlet valves, iig Drill lepvrs, 304; costs of, 305-307 DriUing records. 309, 348 Drills, rock: air pressure for, 195 rl stq.; bammet drills, 311 d leq.; mountings, 170-173; reciprocating drills, 373 d seq.; repairs, 304-308; records of work, 300, 301, 309, 348; "stoper" drills, 339; tables of drilling speeds, 309, 348; valveless drills, 393, 310, 337, 338 Dnimmond Colliery, compressed-air pumps at, 356 Dry compressors, 76-85 "Dry" rcheaters, 368 Dry versu! wet compression, 83 Dubois- Fran gois wet compressor, 3, 73, 99 Duplex compressors, 8, 15-20, ii, 29, 30, 36-39, 4r Dust, cause of Silicosis, 316; effects on spool-valve drills, 303 Dust allayers for machine drills, 283, 319. 346 Duty of compressors (see Output of compressors) Duty of machine drills, 300, 301, 309, 34S East Rand Proprietary Mines, Ltd., tests on air-lift pumps, 414-416 Ebervale, Luzerne Co., Pa., tunnel at, 331 Efficiencies of air-lift pumps, 419, 430, 411, 4:6, 431; of direct-acting o ail pumps, 403, 403, 404, 408 Efficiency of compressors, 137-168 (see also. Output of comprtssois) Efficiency of reheating, 359, 360, 161, 363, 367, 368 Efficiency of rock drills, 301, 304 ElectrJc-diiven compressors, 30, 38, 40, 41, 350 Electric-driven tock drills, not satisfactory, 6 "Electric-ait" drill (see "Air-electric" drill) "Electiic-air" track channcler, 389, yii Electric Krsui compressed-air haulage for mines, 432 Empire mine. Grass Valley, Cal., compressed-air haulage at, 458, 459 Endlos-cbain coal cutters, 350-359 EKfuuer, The (London). 434 EKtineering and Mining Journal, uo, 213, 216, 318, 319, 249, 252, 273, 395 EttginteriHi Nrws, 81, 200. 418, 419 "Engineering Thermodynamics," Lucke, 60, 67 Expansion curves, air and steam, 336, 237 Ei[dosion5 in air compressors and receivers, 19S, 3oS; examples, 201-205; pnotu- tions for preventing. 306 Eitenially heated or "dry" reheaters, 361-264 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc Fairmont Mining Machinery Co., auger drills, 377 "Feather" valve. La idlaw-Dunn- Gordon Co., 9, 18, 3: Federated Influ. of Min. Heat curves. 50- 5 j Heat, losses in coaipresaws. sj. 50. 64. 83. ij:i transiereDce (abstncUm; of. 53. 59 Heat of compcessioo. :o- :)■ r''- absorption oi. 50 Heating of air<ylinrler «aiL^. 73. 79 Hendenoo and WiLon. irsu 00 air-lift pump^. 414-4;'' HighaJlitudes' mechanically-contriAled inlet v-alue< for. 105: ilap cutnpiessiofi at, tg6; iiort of compf«-^>r? al. IQI-195 Hii^-piesuie tranimUf EoD of air. as inHuencing freezing. 246 '■ Higb-ranc " compre4se<'-a:r Iransiniiiiori see * TAi>-pi|»e ' *;-stem) High-speed compressors. 41 Hiiscbbctg. C. \.. compresior data. Q5 Hiacox, G. D.. tables u( coin pre^^HJ -air eogiitc dAta. liZ. m Hitcbcod. C. K.. Jr.. on rocL-drill repairs. 305307 HtMsting engines, compressed-air. 247-233 Herman drills: spool-valve. jSi. 2^3; lappet. 200 Holman undcr^Tound compiessed-air hoist. 249 Homestakc gold mine, compressed-air locomotives at. 43^. 46] Hoosac tunnel, Buri<^ii;h compresrors at. 1 Horse-power: of air enj^ne*. 241-244; of air-lift pump. 410. 421. 422; of rotnpm- sors. gs, 13S 14J. 150, i;i, ;55-i6S; graphic de terminal ion of. 143 Horsc-po«er per cubic font of free air. 139-141 ; allowimx' for k>x«s in vi>nipressiun. I ji). 140. 141 '■ at hi^h altitudes. 194; for ans numhrr i>f drills at any altitude. 198; modifjinn factoK. jqS. 2oq; theoretical. 13S. 141. 147-14S Howells Mining Drill Co.. auger drill. 377 Humboldt wet compres.'inr. 72, 73; rubber-ring \-aK-;, 72 Humidity of atmospheric air. R4 "Hummer" drill*. Chicaeo Pneumatic Tool Co.. ;.*0. ,iit. 332. 334 "Hurricane-inlet" valve. io;-ioq. iiS Hv-draulic air compressors. mo-Jkj; Blakne>-. 2101 at Clausthal. ;io: al Cobalt, Ont.. 117; at Kootenay. B. C. J13-315; MacFarlanc, .'10: Mag<v plant, 239 2C3: at \or«ich. Conn.. 21S; at Pelersboroueh. (Int.. ji8; at XTctoria minf. :\y. Washington. 118 "Hy-spce:|" drill. Si-llivan Machinery Co.. jRo n,gt,7cdT:G00glc Ignition pdnts of lubricating oils, loo, aoi, ao4 Iler Rock Drill Muiufacturing Co., banuner drill, 349 "Imperial" compressors, iDgersoU-Rand Co., 15, 16, 17, 40 IndicaUir cards, air, j8, 97, 105, 146, 151, 189; air and steam cards compared, ij logenoU-Rand Co.: after-cooler, 170, i7j; air controller, igo; "air-electric" drill, 190-392; air-lift pump, 411, 414; auger drill, 376; "Butterfly" valve drill, 283-18J, 3"3-3"i*. 3", 3»S. 343. 3441 channqlers, 383, 384, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392 J cool pick, 369; compressors, 10, 11, ij, 16, 17, 14, 16, j8, 39,40,42, 45, 46, 80, 99, 101, 152, 4S3. 4SS-4S7; foot pieces for air-lift pumps, 412-425; hammer drills, 313-317, 323-317, 343-345; "Hurricane-inlet" valve, 107-109, 118; intercoolers, 94, 96; pick machine, 369; piston-inlet valve, 107; plate valves, 10, 114; pressure regulators, 180, 1R2-185; "Radialaxe" coal cutter, 371; ram track channeler, 383, 384; receivers, 96, 190; receiver aftercooler, 96, 173; redprocating drills, 274-277, 283-286, 301; rehcaler, 263; "retum- «ir" di^ilacement pump, 413-415; Sergeant drill, 374-177, 19'; speed and pressure regulators, r77, 180, 190; stoper (air-feed) drills, 343-346; Temple- Ingersoll "electric-air" drill, 390-292; underground compressed-air boist, 249; air unloadeis, 1S2-1S5, igo InjectioD water for compressors: e£Fect3 of, on air cylinder, S3, 85; quantity of, 41, 75; temperature of, 33, 74, 7S. 97 Inlet air, arrangements for admitting, 11&-118; temperature of , 117 Inkt area of air cylinders, too Inlet conduit for air cylinders, 1 1 7 Inlet valves, 99-118; area of, 100; "chattering" of, 103; requisites of , 99 In^iistian Consol. Copper Co., Ariz., compressed-air haulage, 465-466 Inslitutum of Mining Engineers (England), Trans, of, 199, joi Insiiluliott of Civil Engineers (London), Proceeiiings of, 209 Interroolers, 32, 60, 62, 67, 87, 90, 93-96, 97; Ingeisolt-Rand, 94, 96; Norwalk, 89; Sullivan, 96 luterheater: for compound compressed-air locomotives, 444, 447; for compound pumps, 405-407 Internally fired rehcaters, 264 Isothermal compression, 53, 54. 63: equation ol, 53. 55, 64 Ivens, E. Leadville "column" hobt, 349 Leakage of air valves, 105, i ig Leakage of compressed-air pipe lines, 131, 333, 449, 463 Leaky air piston, effect of, 98 Leaky discharge valves, iig Lees, T. G., on compressor exploMons, etc., 78, tgg, aoi Leyner compreasor, no; [riate-valvc, iio-ri2, 115 . Leyner-Ingersdl water drills, lib, 313-316 "Uteweight" drill, Sullivan Machinery Co., J77, 278 "Little Cham[Hon" drill, i8g "Little Tugger" compressed-air hoist, 949 Loading machines for working places underground, 379 Locomotives, compressed air, 431-466; construction and operation, 433 tl stq.; cylinder pressures, 434, 435, 43&. 440. 44'. 44*. 44S. 448. 453. 4S8 <* itq. Locomotive charging compressors, 453-45? Longwall coal cutters, 351, 35J, 357. 3iO, 363. 3^4 Loss of head in pipe transmission, zii. 126, 117, 130; of power, 111 Loss of volumetric capacity due to piston clearance, 7g-8t Losses in air compression, 137-140, 194 Lasses in transmission of compressed air, 211-223, "^' "7> ^3(^'3J Lubricating oils, flash and ignition points, 200. 201, 204 Lubrication of air cylinders, 19S, 200, loi, 103, 204, 205, 106; of rock drills, 316, 327. 3J8, 344 Lubrication, "flood and splash" system, 40; quantity of, m6; use of scmp aiul water, 206 Lubricators, sight-feed, for compressors, 206 Lucke, C. E., Enfiaeering Thermodynamics, 60, 67 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc Machioe drills, 169 H seq.; air pressures for, J95; cUssifications, 173; cohimn aod bar mojntings, 171, 273; consumption of air by, 195-301; cushioaing of stroke, aS8, joj, 304; dust allayer for, iSt, 381, 319; efficiency, 301-304; "electric-air" drill, 190-391; foul air from, 305; geocral descriptioa, ifig; hammer drills, 311; length of stroke, 369, 303; modes of mounting, 170-173, 3H. 33'. 333i records of worit, 187, 396. 300, 301, 309, 310, 348; repair costs, 305-3*8; repairs of, 304-30S; sizes (see different makes of drills); speeds of drilling. 396, 300, 309, 34S; speed of stroke, 369, 3S5, 293, 301, 304; spool and other air-thrown valve drills, 174-388; tappet-valve drills, 3S8-290 MachinedriUs(hammer type), classification, 311; makes: Cleveland, 349; "Gimax Imperial" (Stephens'), 318; Cochise, 346; Flottmann, 349; "Chicago Hum- mer," 331, 335; Hardsocg, 310; Her, 349; Ingersoll-Rand, "Imperial," 337; "Jackharaer," 333-337; Le)mer-Ingersoll, 313-316; Murphy, 33a; Shaw, 349; Sullivan, 3i6-3f8, 338; Waugh, 335, 337, 340-341; Whitcomb, 349; "Wonder" (Hardsocg), 330, 331; Wood, 339 Machine drills (reciprocating), classifications, 373; makes: Chersen, 187; "Chi- cago Gatlins," sBA; "Chicago Hummer," iR6, 331, 334; "Chicago Slogger," 387; "Climax Imperial" (Stephens'), 380; Cochise, 187; Holman, aSi; Ingersoll-Rand "Butterfly," 183; McKiernan-Terry, 387; Murphy, 189; "Sergeant," 374; Siskol, 387; Sullivan, 178; Temple-lngcrsoll, 390; Tri- umph, 393; Wood, 179 Magog (Prov. Quebec), hydraulic air compressor, 109; reheating at, 167 Mallard, M., working of compressed-air engines, 338 Mavor & Coulson coal-cutters, 361-363 McFarlane hydraulic air compressor. 110 McKieman-Terry Drill Co., 387; hammer drills, 337, 338, 339; reciprocating drill, 387 McLeod, C. H., tests on Magog hydraulic compressor, 313 Mean pressures in air compression, 144, 145, 194 Mechaniral Engineer's Assoc. 0} the Wilwatersrand, Trans of., 347, 19s Mechanical Engineer's Pociclhook, Kent, 145 Mechanically controlled air valves. 90, 107, 114-136; AUis-Ctialmers, 119; Amer- ican, 133; Clayton. 133; disad\antages for delivery \-alves, iij; for high altitudes, 195; Franklin, 133; Kiister, [36; Laidlaw- Dunn-Gordon, 13S; Nordberg, uH; Notwalk. i3j; Ricdler, ii3-\3f>; V.a, rji; Sullivan, 131 Merrill pneumatic displacement pump, 410-41 1 Meyer steam-^alve gear, 10, 33, 156 Miami copper mine, compressed-air hoist. 153 Midland Inst, of hfin., C/r. unrf ,1/re*. E>ts.i., Trans., 38 Miner's consumption (Silicosis). 316 Mines and Minerals, 304, 316, 3i3, 395 Mining and Scientific Press, 349, 305 Modern Machinery, 347 Moist air, effect of. in compression, 83, 85 Moisture in air, 83, 84, 173. 353; frec/.ing of, 84, 173, 353, 357 Mont Ccnis tunnel. 1. 2; sjiccd of a'lvancc in. 3 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc INDEX M(»sui-GudDer Electric Co., coal-cutters, 350 Horison, J., flashing pobts of lubricating oils, 300 Morning mine, MuUao, Idalio, compressor plant, 31-35 Mule haulage, cost of, 45S. 461, 404 Murphy hammer drill (C. T. Camahan Co.), 311 Murphy "Little Champion" reciprocating drill (Wickes Bros.), 389-190 Mushnxun inlet valves, loi, 107 Mylan, W. F., compressor tests, 45 "n," values of. 54, 60, 77, ij8 Naperian logarithm, value of, 55. i,iS New Hucknall colliery, turbo- com pressor. 44, 45 New York .\ir Compressor Co,, 46 New York .\queducl, explosion in compressor, J04 Nicholson, J. T., reheating experiments by 167 Nominal and actual cutoffs in air engines, 241-244 Non-conducting covering for air pipe. 4 Nordberg, B. V.. .'Anaconda compressed-air hoists, 149 Nordberg compressed-air hoist, Miami mine, 152 Nordberg compressor, ir, 30, 46, 76, 77, 90, 185; air-pressure regulator, 180, 185- 189; constant speed, V'ariable delivery compressor, 1S8, 1S9 Norris, R. v., tests on compressed-air haulage plant, 463 North Star mine, reheating at, 167 Norwalk compressor, », 10, 13, 45, 46, 89,99, 115,453, ^54. 438, 463; intercooler, 89; poppet inlet vaWe, loi, 106; "skip-valve," 106; pressure regulator, 177; Norwalk Iron Works Co., 10, 131. 134 Norwich (Conn.), hydraulic air compressor, 218 Okio Society of Meek., Elec., and SUam Engiiiters, Trans. )>f, 411 (Ml-calaract delivery valves, i)i (Sling devices for machine drills, 316, 337, 344 Oils, lubricating, 200. 206. 207: Hash and ignition points, 200, 302, 204 Old Dominion copper mine, air lifts at, 427. 429 Output of compressors, 2:, 22, 26. 43, 44, 43, 83, 95, 97. 105. 138-143. 154. is6-i60f i63-:6s, :68, 103 Partial or incomplete expansion in air engines, 240 Pauly, K. A., ijo Pede's Mining /■ji^siihtV Handbook, J15, 3:6, 421 Peerless CcJlierj' |W. Va). compressed-air haulage, at 459 PdtoD water-wheel, Hi. .50. 31. Poppet discharge valves, rr9-ii3 Poppet inlet valves, 99, loi; inertia of, loi; lift, toi; spring resislaoce, loi, 103, )04--io5i sticking of, J06 Port area for air cylinders, 100, 101, 103, 107, 113, 113 Porter, H. K., Co., compressed-air locomotives, 434i 43S> 437-44Si 443-44Si 446, 448, 45'. 458, 459-461, 461-466 Power cost of compressed air, 150 Preheating for compressed-sir pumps, 405, 406, 407 Prescott steam pump, 396 Pressure of air as influencing freezing, 355-357 Pressure regulators, 175 «f ifq. Proportions of compressor cylinders, 35- 90-g3, g$ Protection from freeung of surface air piping, 157 Pulsator for "Electric-air" drill, 390,391 Pumping by compressed air, 256, 394-408; classification of methods, 394 Pumps, direct-acting, 394-398; compound pumps operated by air, 405-408; cylin- der dimensions of ^mple pumps, 39S; duty of, 403; efficiencies, 403, 403, 404. 408; freezing of moisture in, 403, 404, 405, 407; hoise-power of, 400-401; terminal and mean air pressure, 401 ; volume of air consumed, 399 Pumps operated by direct action of compressed air, 409-431; air-lift pumps, 415-431; classification, 409; efficiencies, 419, 430, 411, 436, 431; pneumatic diqdacement pumps, 409-415 "Punchers" (see Coal punchers) n,gt,7cdT:G00glc "R" valtieol, $o Radialaxe coal cutter, 371 Sailv/ay and Engineritig Rmop, 110 Ram-tiBck chaiineler, IngerKiU-Rand Co., 3S3, 384 RAnd compressor, 1, 97; drill, 1; mechanical valve gear. 9g; ichnter, tt4, tSg Rud Mines Ta^ei Supply Co., aii supplied by meter, 300, 301 Randall, B. M., experiments by, on air-lift pump. 41S Randolph, B. S., on compressed-air haulage plant, 465 Rateau turbo-compressor, 43 Rating of compressors, 137, 138 Rawhide pinions for geared compressors, $S Read, T. T., on Anaconda compressed-air htusts, 140 Receiver aftercoolers, g$, 170, 173; temperature of coolinj; water, 97, 174 Receiveis, air, q6, 169-174; baffle-plates for, 173; enplo^ns in, 19S-1081 fonC' tions oi, 169, 170; sizcsof,i6gi underground receivers, 171, 171, 356, 403 Reciprocating coal cutters, 365 Reciprocating drills, 273 fl itq. Recording thermometer for compressors, 301, 207 Records of work: hammer drills, 348; reciprocating drills, 309 Reducing valves for compressed-air pumps, 35b, 403 Reduction of pressure as influencing deposition of moisture. JS^'SO R^ulators, air-pressure, 175-190; Reheaters for compressed air engines, 145, 348, 251, 163-265, 407, 408; (or cban- nelers, 388. 390; IngersoU-Rand reheater, 363; internally fired, 1G4) Sullivan reheater, 165; for underground work, 366; wet vtrsus dry reheating, 368 Reheating compressed air, 145, 258-268; results of, 259; temperatures, 259-261; thermal cost of, 258, 259, 261 Reheating temperatures. 259-262; reheating with steam, 167, 168 Repairs of machine drills, 304; costs of, 305-307 Resistance due to bends in air piping. 234 "Return air" system of Cransmisnon, 246, 247; applied to pumping, 347, 413-415 Richards, Frank, 90, 116, 145, 174, 346, 358, 367, 398 Richard's formula for compressed-air pipe lines. 230 Riedleicompressors.8, 20, 132; "express"disdiarge valve, 113; mechanically^Da- troiled valves, 133-136 Riedier, reheating experiments by, 363 flbdon water-driven compressor, 39 Risdon water wheel, 26 Rii Compressor and Drill Co., 46 Rix compressed-air locomotive, 458, 459 Ril, E. A., on compressed-air pumps, 402, 404, 406, 411, 419 Robey & Co , compressors, 8, 30, 41; plate valve, no Rock drills (see Machine drills) Rock dust, cause of Silicosis, 316 Rockford, 111, tests on air-lift pump, 418 Roee, A. H., on Victoria mine hydraulic 1 n,gti7ccT:G00glc 482 IKDEX Rose Deep mine, South Africa, rock-dnll tests, 300 Rotary-bar coal-cutter, 359; Mavor & Coulson, 361, 36J, 363 Rot&tion devices (or machine drills, 276-277, 378, 2S0, 318, 319, 331, 316 "Rotator" hammer drills, Sullivan Machinery Co.: "aii-tube," 319; "auger. 331; mountings for, 3301 "water-tube," J30 Rutland marble quarries, channeling at, 389 Saunders, W. L., compressed-air data, 51 Schneider & Co., Creusot, Fiance, air-Inlet valves, 90 School of Mines Quarterly, 305 Seeber, R. R., on Anaconda hoists, 149 Seigeant drill, a74-S77, S92 Seymour, L. I., experiments on rock drills, 300 Sbaw Pneumatic Tool Co., hammer drill, 349 " Silent-chain " drive for compressors, 37, 40 Silicosis {" miner's consumption "), 316 Single-stage compression, wort of, 54-60, 63-66 Simple air-driven pumps, 396-398 Sia'tol drill, aS? " Skip-valve " for Norwalk high-pressure air cylinder, to6 Slimes and sands pumped by aii-lift, 414-4:6 " Slugger " drill. Chic. Pneum. Tod Co., 187 Soap and water for cleaning air cylinders, jo6 Sommeillir, i; compressor, 1 South African Associalht of Engineers, Trans, of, 300 Spalding, C. M., on compressor explosions, 198 Specific heat of air: at constant pressure and volume, 53 Speed governors, 175-190 Speer, F- W., tests on Victoria mine hydraulic compressor, ai6 Spiral-weld steel «r pipe, la Spool-valve drills. 3J4-381. j86-i88 Spool versus tappet valvei for machine drills, 303 Spray inicction for compreiiars, 74, 75, 83, 85 Spring -controlled air-val-fes, 101-107, iro-122 Springs far inlet valves, 101; resistance of, 101, 103-105 Stage compression, theory, 60 et seq.. 86-98; at hifih altitudes, 196 Staje compressors, 8, 13-19. 2j. 35, 36-30, 41, 86-08; air card of. deductlaf|i from, 97; for high altitudes. 196; ratio of cylinder volume*, 90-91; work of, 14' Stanley heading machine, 375, 376 Steam I'alv-es (or compressors, 2[, 23-2; Steam versus compressed-air transmission of power, 3 Slcam, use underground, disadvantages of, 3 Sleam-drivcn. direct-actinj; pumps. 394-396 Stephen; & Son, Cam Brea, 281; " Climax Imperial " hammer drill, 318, 319; rcdproratini! iltill, 280, 2S1 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc INDEX 483 St Gothard tunnel, compressors at, 74 "Stopehamet" drills, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 343-346 "Stoper" drills (with air-feed standard), 339-347 Storage-batteiy electric locomotives, 431 Storage capacity of air locomotives, 434, 435, 436, 440, 44I1 453. 4S8 1 m-! "f !»pe- lines. 448, 44g Straight-line compressors, 8-14, 20, iB, 35, 36 - .. Stroke, length of, lor compressors. 25 Submerf^nce of air-lift pumps, 417, 418, 4tg, 411, 416, 431 Suction valves (see Inlet valves) Sullivan channelers, 381, 383, 385. 388. 391; foot -pieces for air-lifts, 4*3 SulUvan coat-cutters: "Iron-cUd" chain machines, 351, 357, 359-361; coal-[Nck, 366.368,373 Sullivan compressors, 11, 14. 34, 35, 37, 99, 179; governors and unloaders, 178, 179, iSo; intercooler, 96; plate valve, no, 115; reheatei, 364; air valve motions, 99. "9. 13' Sullivan drills: Air-feet hammer diills, 330. 33J, 333; "Air-tube Rotator," 318; "Auger Rotator," 329, 331; "DR-6'' hammer drill, 316, 317; "Hy-speied," 18S. 289; "Liteweight," 177-179, 3"i mountings, 171, 33J, 3,^; "Water- tube Rotator," 329 Summers, L. L., experiments on air consumption of rock drills, 399 Surface air piping, protection of, 23$ Susquehanna Coal Co., No. 6 Colliery, compressed-air haulage at, ^61, 46^ Tailings pumps and wheels replaced by air-lift pumps, 414-436 Tanks, capacity of, for compressed-air locomotives, 434,435, 436,440,441,453,458 fi*^- ,....'■ Tappet drills, 288-190 Tappet verms spool valves for machine drills, 303 Taylor, Chas, H., 210, hydraulic air compressor. 209 tt seg., 167 Trchnkal SoeUly of Ike Pacific Coast. ProCftdings of , 401, ^ii,'4i& Temperatures employed in reheating, 145, 34S, 151, 252, 257, 259-361, 166, 26S Temperatures of compression, 33, 44, 49, 5'. 5^. 73. 74. 86, 144, I4S. '99. »«>. ^oi, 103, 204; of inlet air, 33, 117, 144 Temperatures of expansion, 13S Temperatures, rate of increase of, in compression, 50, 51 Temple- Inge rsoll "elcclric-air" drill, 5, 290-291 Tennessee Copper Co.. compressor of, 11, 149 Tests on compressors, 21, 45, 149-168 Tests on machine drills, 299-301 Theoretical horse-power rcqulreil to compress air, 54 ri seq.; 138 el ttq. Thermal cost of reheating. 258-259 Thermal units, English and French, 51 Thermodynamic lan-s, 47 rl srq, "Thin-plate" valves: for discharge, 112; foriidet,99 Thomson-Houston turbo-compressor, 44 n,gt,7cdT:G00glc 484 INDEX Thrae-iUge compressioii, work of, 141 Thice-sUge campressoi^, 86, 453-455 Tnck ch&nneler, Sullivan Machinery Co., 3S1 Track resisUnce of mine can, 453 Ttansmission losses, comparison of air and steam, 3; In pipes, 311-254; li power. 111; loss of pressure, 112 et leg. Tnnsmission ol power by coropressed air, 331-334; at high pressures, 355 Tripod mounting for drills, 170, 371 "Triumph" drill, 193-194 "Two-pipe" system of ctwnpressed-!U TWo^tage compression, work of, bo-64, 66-7 Tuitio-coinprtssors, 41-45; field of use, 44 Undercutting machines for coal, 350 et seq. Undeigiound air receivers, 171, 171, 156 Underground compressed-air hoists, 448 Underground reheateis, 166 Unloadersforaiicylindeis, 181-190; Allis-Chalmers,i85; Ingersoll-Rand, 183-185, igo; Nordl>erg, 185-18Q; Rand "Imperial," 184; Sullivan, 179 Unwin, W. C., on loss of pressure in pipe-lines, 331; on reheating, 163 Valve, adjustaUe cutoff, for steam, 14 Valveless drills, 193. '94. 3". 3". 3^7. 338, 336, 337 Valves, air-inlet, 99-118, 114-136; Alii s- Chalmers, 99. 119; area of, too; Bailey ft Co., 136; balanced piston valve, 14; chattering of, 101, 105; clack, 99; Corliss, 9Q, 107, 135, '117, 130, 131; Gutlerraulh, 110; Humboldt, ;i, inertia of, 101; IngersoU-Rand "Hurricane inlet," 101, 107; Koster piston valve, 136; Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon,9g, 101, 101, 113. 127; Lcyner Hat annular valve, no; mechanically controlled. 90; mushroom, loi, 107; Nordbeis, 99, 117, 185-187; Norwalk, 99, 101, 106, 115; requisites of, 99; resistance of, loi, 103-105; Riedler double-seat poppet, 132-136; "skip" vali-e, 106; springs for, 101-106; sticking of, 106; Sulhvan. 99, 131 Valves, air-delivery, 119-113, 124-136; air-cataract, 121; AllivChalmers, 129; area of, iii, 133: Corliss, 121, 114, 135; InKersoll-Rand, 120; Laidlaw-Dunn- Gordon "Cincinnati" valve gear; 129; poppet, 119, 11;, 139; T" " Norwalk, 111, 125; oil cataract, 121; plate valves, 112; Ried poppet, 131-136; Riedler "E^ipress," 121; Sullivan, 139, 131 Valveo for steam and of compressor;. 31, 33-35 Valves of machine drills, 374 d seq.; 313 el itq, (see under individtu Velocity of flow of air in pipes, 131, 332 Vertical compressors, 8, 38, 4r Victoria copper mine. Mich., hydraulic air compressor at, 115, aio Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Co., 42; turbo-comprcMon of. Village Main Reef mine. So. Africa, driU tests, 301 Volumes and pressures of air, at altitudes tlbove s«a-level, ipf ; bflan ing on, 258- 26 j n,gt,7cdT:G00glc VolunKtric output of compressors. 63, 79, 80, i Vulcan Iron Woiks, compressor, 46 Wunwiigfat water heater einptoyed as reheatn, 407 Walter, G. Blake, 43, 44 Walker Bros., compressors, 10; air valve, no Wandsworth, England, test on air-lift pump, 411 Water attachments and tanks for rock drills, 178, 179, 183, 311, 315, 3i8,'3i9t 3", i'S- 3*8, 329, 346 "Water" drills, Leyner-Iogersoll, 386, 313-.116 Water-driven compressors: at Alaska-Tieadwell mine, lO; at Goleta mine, ag; at Morning mitK, 31-33 Water-jackets for compressor cylinders, 41, jg, 76-79, 57, 100, 107 "Water-tube Rotator" drill, Sullivan Machinery Co., 319, 330 Water wheels for driving compressors: Knight, 16; Pelton, 16; peripheral velocity of, 31; Risdon, 16 Waugfa hammer drills, Denver Rock Drill Machinery Co.: "Clipper," 335, 336; "Dreadnaught," 337; stopen, 340-341 Webb, R. L., compressor tests, 151 et ttq. Weber, F. C., on work of air-enpnes, 344 Weight and volume of dry air, 48 Westinghouse Electric Co., turbo-compressor, 4a, 43, 45 Weston, E. M., book on " Rock' Drills," 305 Wet compressois, 71 d seq.; objections to, 84 "Wet" reheating, 367, 36S; vrrsus dry reheating, z6S Wet versus dry compressors, 8j Weymouth, C. R., on reheating, j68 Whitcomb, G. D. Co., Harrison coal-pick, 366, 367; hammer drill, 349 Wickes Machinery Co., Murphy drill, 1S9 Wilson colliery. Pa., compressed-air haulage at, 461 Wilton, tests on air-lift pumps, 434 "Wonder" hammer drill, 3)0, 311 Wood drills: hammer type, 335; reciprocating. 179, iSo Woodbridge, D. F.., on Victoria mine hydraulic compressor. 116 Work of compressors, with clearance, 63-71; without clearance, 54~63i ^ stage compressors, 60-63, 66-71, 97, 141' Worii done by air engines, 339-143 Work done by air-lift pumps. 410, 411. 411. 436 Work gained by reheating, 358, 359, 361. 161. 168 Work required to compress air, 54-71 , 83. 138- 143 ; in stage compression, 97-141 Worthington compound pump at Gwin mine. 407 Worthington. Henry R., direct -acting pump, 394 Worthington Pump and Machine Co., compressors, 46 Zkhner,  