None
627, 628*, 629*, 630* Arseniate, of bismuth, lead, and copper, action on copper, i. 5, 6 ; reduction of in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 87 Arsenic, on copper, i. 4; removal of, from copper ores, i. 23-26, 29 ; re- duction of, in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 87 ; detul-roasting of copper matte containing, i. 114 in copper refining, i. 173, 174, 178 precipitation of copper by, i. 206 removal of, from cement copper, i. 247 ; action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 262 ; effect on lead in roasting and reduction process, i. 321 ; in smelting process, i 342 ; in the lead ores of Freiberg, i. 386-389; elimination of, in refin- ing of lead, i. 432; compounds of silver with, i. 462, 463 ; present in commercial zinc, ii. 4 ; action with zinc, ii 6 ; reduction of, in zinc distillation, ii 87 ; contained in crude bismuth, ii. 369 ; extraction from bismuth, ii. 370, 371 ; effect on tin, ii. 375 ; compounds of tin, ii. 378 ; separation from tin, ii. 382, 383, 384 ; contained in hardhead, ii. 418 physical properties, ii. 471 ; chemical properties of arsenic and its com- pounds, ii. 472 ; alloys, ii. 475 ; compounds of, ii. 476 ; ores, ii. 475 ; extraction of, by drv method, ii. 477-479 ; by electrolytic method, ii. 479, 480 ; manufacture of crude arsenious oxide, ii. 480-487 ; refin- ing of crude arsenious oxide, ii. 488 ; production of white arsenic glass, ii. 488-491 ; production of red arsenic glass, or realgar, ii. 491 ; production of "rohglas," ii. 492; refining of **rohglas," ii. 493 ; pro- duction of orpiment, ii. 493-494 ; extraction of arsenical products from residues from the manufacture of coal-tar colours, ii. 495 effect on nickel, ii. 497 ; compounds of nickel and, ii. 503-505 ; extraction from nickeliferous ores, ii. 515 ; ex- traction of nickel from arsenical ores, ii. 556-570 {see under Nickel) Arsenic acid, ii. 473, 474 ; anhydride, see oxide ; bloom, ii. 476 ; chloride, ii. 475 ; flaky, see native ; hydride, ii. 474, 475; native, ii. 475, 481; oxide, ii. 473 ; pjrrites, see Mis- pickel Arsenical nickel, see Kupfemickel Arsenides, reduction of in calcination of zinc blende, ii. 36 Arsenious oxide, ii. 472 ; manufacture of, ii. 480-488 ; refining of, ii. 488 Arsenite, ii. 476 Arsenmehl manufacture, i. 387 Arsenolite, ii. 476 Arsenopyrite, see Mispickel Arsenrubin, see Realgar Asbolan, ii. 599, 603 Ashcroft, on electrolysis of zinc, ii. 202, 203 ; his process, ii. 219 et seq. Asturias Co., the, Santander, zinc distil- lation-vessels used by, ii 92 Atacamite, localities, &c., i. 15 Atlanta Mill, Idaho, pan-amalgamation at, i. 697 Atwood amalgamators, i. 799-800 Aubel, on spitting of platinum, ii 614 Augustin process, i. 708-718 Auric oxide, i. 753 ; chloride, i 754 Auripigment, see Orpiment Aurora works, the, at Gladenbach, smelting roasted nickel matte at, ii. 535; refining matte at, ii. 540 et seq. ; production of copper-nickel alloys, ii. 545 et seq Aurous oxide, i. 753 ; chloride, i. 754 Austro-Belgian Co., Corphalie, furnaces for calcining zinc blende, ii. 47 Azurite, its localities, &c., i. 13 B Badoureau, on nickel sulphide, ii. 602 n ; on nickel-cobalt alloys, ii. 504 ; on nickel smelting at Sagmyma, ii. 528 ; on roasting coarse matte, ii. Y Y 2 692 GENERAL INDEX 532 n ; on smelting roasted matte, ii. 536 n ; on roasting nickelif erous ar- senical ores, ii. 559 n Bagration, on solubility of gold in potas- sium cyanide, i. 829 Baker's blower, i. 93, 168 ; used in American lead furnaces, i. 362 Balbach Works, New Jersey, desilverising by zinc method, i. 52i ; distillation of zinc scums, i. 540; cupellation process at, i. 592 Ball, his amalgamator, i. 801 Balling, on mercury extraction at Littai, ii. 326 ; on tin-smelting at Graupen, ii. 409 ; on smelting nickel ores at Kragero, 525 n et seq. ; on roasting coarse matte, ii. 532 n ; on smelting roasted matte, ii. 535 n ; on refining matte, ii. 541 n; on production of copper-nickel alloys, ii. 545 n Baric sulphide, action of, on cuprous sulphide, i. 9 Barilla, ii. 378 Barium, reduction of, in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 88 Barker's methoa of electrometallurgical gold-extraction, i. 841 Barrel-amalgamation, i. 688—696 Barrel work, lumps of Lake copper, i. 194 Barba, Alonzo, on the Tintin process, i. 614 ; on the Cazo process, i. 618 Barba, Lopez Saavedra, mventor of Bus- tam'inte furnace, ii 268 Bartlett's process, forair-reductionof lead in hearths, i. 311, 318, 321 ; for extraction of zinc from lead ores, ii. 236 et teq. Bartlett, C, on removal of copper from nickel matte, ii. 550 Barytes, reduction of, in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 88 ; in cal- cination of zinc blende, ii. 36 ; in zinc distillation, ii. 87 Basse and Selve, on extraction of nickel by electrolysis, ii, 591 ; composition of nickel smelted by, ii. 594 Bauschinger, on strength of cold pressed and hammered aluminium, ii. 626 Bauxite, ii. 633 Bear " in copper-smelting, meaning of, i. 22 ; formation of, i. 89 ; com- position of, i. Ill, 112; to pre- vent formation of, i. 117; forma- tion of in lead smelting, i. 356, 362 ; formation of in tin extraction, ii. 380, 381 Bearing- metal, see White-metal Beatson, on extraction of tin by electro- lysis, ii. 425, 426 Becchi, on production of chloride of copper in dry way, i. 220 Beck, L., on reactions of lead silicate, i. 280 Becquerel, on melting point of silver, i. 456; on melting point of gold, i. 752 ; on electric conductivity of zinc, ii. 2 ; on the volatility of zinc, ii. 2; on the boiling point of cad- mium, ii. 241 ; on electric conduc- tivity of tin, ii. 375 Bede metal works, precipitation of sul- phide of copper at, L 209 ; process of production of copper chloride, i. 222; furnaces used by, i. 223*, 224», 230, 231*, 232* ; precipiUtion of copper from chloride, i. 243*, 244*, 2& Beketoff, his method of aluminium ex- traction, ii. 645 Belgian method of zinc distillation, ii. 105—130. {See under Zinc) Belgian furnaces, for zinc distillation, ii. 94, 95*, 111 et seq. : Li^ge furnaces, ii. 112—114* ; Single furnaces, ii. 114* ; Double furnaces, ii. 118* ; Gas- fired, ii. 119—124* ; nozzles for, ii. 139 et 9eq,; for treatment of zinc fumes, ii. 176 ; treatment of cadmium in, ii. 245, 246 Belgo-Comwall furnace, for zinc distilla- tion, ii. 116, 117 Belgo-Silesian furnaces, for zinc distilla- tion, ii. 94, 96*, 105 ; nozzles for, ii. 1319 et 9eq, ; for zinc-distillation in muffles, ii. 143, 145 et sea. ; fired by grates, ii. 164, 165 ; fired by gas, ii. 165 — 168 ; cost of distillation in, ii. 178 Belliiigrodt, on calcination of Swedish blende at Oberhausen, ii. 342 Bell-metal, see Tin pyrites Berdan pans, used m gold amalgamation in Australia, i. 7& Berdell and Witherell's works, Leadville, smelting of lead-carbonate at, i. 414 Bergen Port Zinc Co., the, extraction of zinc white by, ii. 226 Beringuccio, on cementation, i. 846 Bemaul, Altai M^, Augustin process at, i. 712 Bemhart, on reactions of silver chloride, i. 461, 462 Bertha works, at Pulaski, zinc-distilla- tion furnaces used at, iL 129 ; com- position of spelter from, ii. 183 Berthier, on action of carbon and hydro- gen on cuprous sulphide, i. 1 1 ; on composition of KTupferschiefer, i. 154 ; on the tenacity of zinc, ii. 1 ; on the chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 6-8 ; of zinc sulphide, ii. 9 — 11 ; of sulphide of mercury, ii. '2oS ; on composition of tinstone sli^g at Poullaouen, ii. 397, 398 ; on composition of tin slags from Alten- l)erg, ii. 407 ; on tin-iron alloys, ii. 407, 408 ; on composition of tin slag from Altenwald, ii. 414 ; on compo- sition of liquation dross at Alten- GENERAL INDEX 693 wald, ii. 414; on the precipitation method of antimony reduction, ii. 457 Berthierite, ii. 437 Bertrand Mill, Nevada, pat«ra process at, i. 719 BerzeliuB Co., the, Gladbach, Belgo- Silesian furnaces at, ii. 167 ; on composition of hard-head at Alten- berff, ii. 408 ; on extracting tin from lead ores, ii. 419 Bessemer^wconverters, i 159, 160 ; for re- fining coarse nickel matte, 580, 643 Bessemer process of copper extraction, see Converter process Best-selecting process in English copper smelting, i. 126 Bethlehem Iron Co., the, in Chicago, armour plates manufactured by, ii. 506 Bettel, on the MacArthur-Forrest gold extraction process, i. 832 n Bidou, on extraction of antimony, ii. 446, 448 n, 453 n Bieberite, see Cobalt vitriol Biewend's furnace for decomposition of zinc blende by iron, ii. 191 Bilharz tables, used with Hungarian amalgamators, L 795 Binon and Grandfils, their furnace for zinc distillation, ii. 101 ; their charge for distillation, ii. 125 Binsfeldhammerhiitte, the, Stolberg, French process for lead extraction, i. 308 ; hand-pattinsonising at, i. 510 ; distillation of zinc scums, i. 543 Biot, on specific gravity of mercurj', ii. 250 Birunguccio, on Patio process, i. 625, Bischof , on cla^ for vessels for zinc dis- tillation, ii. 91 ; his process of nickel refining, ii. 592 Bi-silicates, formation of, in smelting calcined copper ores, i. 89 Bismuth, action on copper, i. 3, 5; action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 262 ; effect on lead, i. 276 ; elimination of in refining lead, i. 431 et seq, ; effect on gold, i. 753 physical properties, ii. 347-348 ; chemical properties of, and of compounds, ii. 348-352 ; alloys, ii. 351-352 ; ores, ii. 352 ; furnace pro- ducts, ii. 353 extraction of, in the dry way, ii. 353- 361 : from ores containing native metal, ii. 354 ; by liquation, ii. 355- 356 ; by fusion, ii. 357-358 ; extrac- tion from bismuth glance, ii. 358- 359 ; from ores containing it as oxide, ii. 359-60 ; extraction from metal- lurgical products, ii. 360-361 ; from mattes, ii. 360 ; from alloys, ii. 361 Bismuth, extraction of, in wet way, ii. 361-365 ; from ores, ii. 362 ; from furnace producte, ii. 362-365 extraction of, from lead-bismuth alloys by electrolvsis, ii. 365-368 refining of bismuth, 369-373; purity of bismuth from various countries, ii. 369 ; purification in dry way, ii 369--372 ; purification in wet way, ii 372-373 ; compositions of commercial bismuth, ii. 373 ; effect on tin, ii. 375; separation from tin, ii. 382- 383, 390; effect on aluminium, ii. 627,632 Bismuth glance, localities for, ii. 352 ; extraction of bismuth from, ii 358- 359 ; ochre, localities for, ii. 352 ; tetroxide, chemical properties of, ii. 348-349 ; seleno-teUuride of, ii. 352 ; sulpho-telluride of, ii. 352 Bismuthic anhydride, chemical properties of, ii. 348-349; chloride, chemical properties of, ii. 349-360 ; oobaltic P3rrites, ii. 352 ; nickel pyrites, ii. 352 ; nitrate, chemical properties of, ii. 350 ; production of, ii. 372 ; oxide, chemical properties of, ii. 348-349 ; silicate, li. 362 ; sulphate, chemical properties of, 360 ; sulph- ide, chemical properties of, ii. 360- 351 Bismuthine, set Bismuth glance. Bismuthous chloride, chemical pro- perties of, ii. 349-350 ; oxide, chem- ical properties of, ii. 348-349 ; sulph- ide, chemical properties of, ii. 350 Bitumen, removal of, from copper ores by heap roasting, i. 38 ; from Kupfer- schiefer, i. IM Blair, on composition of refined antimony from California, ii. 467 Blake, on tests for cupeUation process of argentiferous lead, i. 690 n Blake's stone crushers, i. 649, 775-776, 787 n Bias and Miest, on electrolysis of zinc, ii. 216 Blast for shaft furnaces, apparatus for production of, i. 93 Blast furnace copper smelting, i, 18-19, 22-24, 24-125 ; various operations in, i. 24 ; for lead smelting, i. 351-383 ; construction of, i. 355-362 ; older forms of, i, 362-367 ; recent furnaces, i. 368-377; smelting process, 377- 381 ; products obtainea from, 381- 383 ; for smelting lead carbonate, i. 413-416 ; for smelting residues from air-reduction process of lead extrac- tion, i. 419 ; for production of con- centrated nickel matte, ii. 533, et seq. Bleiasche, i.276 Bleiberg process of lead extraction, i. 306-308 ; -furnace, i. 30 319 694 GENERAL INDEX BleigUltte, see Litharge Bleistein, i. 166-157 Blekerode, his analysis of Borneo crude platinum, 617 Blicksilber, formation of, i. 566, et seq. ; re- fining of, 506-601 ; treatment for gold at Oker, i. 844; of Commem and Mechemich, platinum in, ii. 618 Blister copper, refining of, i. 16 ; pro- duction of, i. 17, 117, 14a-146 ; com- position of, i. 118, 146; bottoms smelted for, i. 151 Blowers. {See under Root's ; Baker's) Blowing engines, used exceptionally, i. Blue Billy, i. 240 Blue metal, i. 120 ; composition of, 149 ; calcination of, i. 150, («ee Spurstein white metal) Bluestone, solution of, as electrolyte, i. 259, 561 Blumenau, on Laszlo amalgamators, i. 793 n Bo^tius gas producer, used with Ferraris furnaces, ii. 28-29; with Hasen- dever-Helbig furnaces, ii. 61 ; with Lorenz's furnace, ii. 152-154 Bohemian roasting stalls, for arsenical ores, ii. 559 BCttger, on extraction of nickel by elec- trolysis, ii. 580 Boiling, in copper refining, i. 188-189 Bollo, in patio process, i. 646 Bolley, on specific gravity of zinc, ii. 1 ; on melting point of zinc, ii. 5 ; method of extraction of arsenic from residues of coal tar colours, ii. 495 Booth, on composition of refined anti- mony from California, ii. 467 Borchers, improvements in electrolytical methods of copper extraction, i. 268 ; on electrolysis of zinc, ii. 204, 206 et seq. ; in dry way, ii. 223-224 et seq. ; on electrolytic extraction of cadmium, ii. 248 ; on electrolytic extraction of bismuth from lead-bismuth alloys, ii. 365 et 9eq.\ on purification of bis- muth from arsenic, ii. 371 ; from lead, ii. 371 ; on extraction of tin by electrolysis, ii. 425-426 ; his electro- lytic method of antimony extraction, ii. 468-469 ; on extraction of nickel by electrolysis, ii. 588 ; on effect of carbon on aluminium, ii. 627 « ; on aluminium carbide, ii. 631 ; on the electrolytic extraction of alumin- ium, ii. 636, 650, 654 Borgnet, on the Cornwall zinc-distillation furnace, ii. 114 n, 115 Bom, on the barrel amalgamation pro- cess, i. 689 Bomite, its localities, etc., i. 14 ; extrac- tion of copper, i. 17 ; objects in roasting, i. 25 Boss process of silver extraction, i. 674- 676 Boston and Colorado Smelting Co., at Black Hawk, Augustin process used by, i. 714; Ziervogel process uaed by, i. 742, 746 '^Bottoms," removal of impurities in copper with, i. 22, 126, 143; com- position of, in smelting coarse metal, 1. 148; treatment of, i. 151, 152; treatment electrolytically, at Wal- laroo, i. 153 Boudehen, on mechanical pattinaonising, i. 512 Bouhy, on Carinthian process of lead ex- traction at finsis, i. 294 n Boulangerite, i. 283 ; ii. 437 BouUay, on specific gravity of artificial cinnabar, ii. 253 Boumonit«, localities, etc., i. 15, 283; ii. 437 Boussingault, on patio process, L 637; on cementation, i. 846 n, 847 n; on separation of carbon from nickel, ii. 498 Bowie, A. J., on hydraulic mining, i. 766 Bowring, on patio process, i. 637 Brackelsberg's reverberatory furnace for zinc extraction, ii. 191, 192 Brauning, on production of chloride of copper in dry way, i. 221, 225 n, 227 n ; method of extraction of copper from its alloys, i. 260 Brame, on volatilisation of mercury, ii. 263 Brand, on electrolytic extraction of cad- mium, ii. 248 ; on electrolytic extrac- tion of mercury, ii. 343; on tin refining by electrolysis, ii. 428 ; on extraction of nickel by electrolysis, ii. 688 ; on electrolytic extraction of aluminium, ii. 655 Brass, refined copper used in manufacture of, i. 179, 191 ; effect of aluminium on, ii. 632 Bredberg, on charcoal furnaces for smelt- ins calcined copper ores, i. 91 ; on Sulu furnaces, i. 97 ; on the reactions of lead sulphide, i. 278 Breithauptite, ii. 508 Bridgman, on electrolysis of zinc-silver alloys, ii. 222, 223* Brillenofen, i. 94, 117, 119. 120, 125: used for smelting nickel matte, ii. 533 Brisson, on specific gravity of zinc, ii. I BritAnnia-metal, an antimony-tin alloy, ii. 436 Brittany process of lead extraction, ne Frencn process Broadhead, on the Carinthian process of lead extraction in Missouri, i. 295 n ; on the water-cooled American hearth for lead extraction, i. 31471 GENERAL INDEX 695 Broken Hill Proprietary Co., the, N.S.W., smelting lead carbonate at, i. 415 ; refining of lead ores from, i. 450, 451*, 452* ; zinc desilverising process, i. 533; liquation of zinc scams, i. 536*, 537 ; Boss process of silver contraction used by, i. 676* Bromine, extraction of gold by means of, i. 827 ; action with mercuric sul- phide, ii. 253; action on bismuth, u. 348 Bromite, localities of, i. 467 Broomann, proposal for improvement in zinc extracting, ii. 185 Brown Horse-shoe copper furnace, i. 76*, 77*> 78 ; for burning calamine, ii . 29 ; for calcining zinc blende, ii. 50 Brown- Allen copper furnace, see O'Harra Briickner furnace, for copper, i. 80, 81* ; for calcination of copper matte, i 116, 127, 129, 138 ; for roasting lead ores, i. 339 ; for roasting lead matte, i. 383 ; for chloridising roasting sil- ver ores, i. 683, 684 ; used in Idaho, i. 697 ; for burning calamine, ii. 30 Brunner, on manufacture of artificial cin- nabar, ii. 344 Bnmton's furnace, for burning calamine, ii. 29, 51 ; for calcining tmstone, ii. 386, 387*, 388 ; rotary caloiner, for extraction of arsenic, ii. 482, 483, 487 Bucherer, on electrolytic extraction of aluminium, ii. 659 Buchner, on composition of orpiment, ii. 494 Buff-Dunlop process of leaching, i. 208 Bugdoll's nozzle, ii. 140* Bunker Hill Mine, California, chlorina- tion of gold ore at, i. 817 Bunsen, on specific heat of silver, i. 456 ; his electrolytical method of alu- minium extraction, ii. 645 Bunter Sanstein, the, of Twiste Waldeck i. 201 ; lead in, i. 390 Burghardt, on electrolysis of alkaline solutions for zinc, ii. 218 ; on extrac- tion of tin by electrolysis, ii. 425 Bustamente furnaces, for extraction of mercury, ii 268, 269-273 Butte and Boston Works, the, O'Harra furnace at, i. 74 Butte and Montana Works, the, O'Harra furnace at, i. 74; copper smelting reverberatory furnaces at, i. 138 Butters and Clennell, on the MacArthur- Forrest gold-extraction process, i. 828 n, 831 ei seq. Cadmium, present in commercial zinc, ii. 3 ; present in zinc blende, ii. 13 ; present in calamine, ii. 14; reduc- tion of, in zinc distillation, ii. 88 Cadmium, physical properties, ii. 241 ; chemical properties of, and of its compounds (cadmium sulphide, etc. ), ii. 241-242 ; sources of, li. 242-243 ; uses of, ii. 243 extraction of, ii. 243-249 ; in the dry way, ii. 243-246 ; in the wet way, ii. 246-248 ; by electrolysis, ii. 248- 249 ; alloys of bismuth and, ii. 351 Casniardelle, olowing machine, i. 93 CaDlot's Mine, California, chlorination of gold ore, i. 812 Cajetes, in patio process, i 631 Calamine, localities of, ii. 14 burning or calcining of, ii. 21-32 ; in shaft furnaces, ii. 22-23 ; in grate- fired shaft furnaces, ii. 23-25; in fixed reverberatory furnaces (1) worked by hand, ii. 25-29, (2) worked mechanically, ii. 29 ; in re- verberatory furnaces with movable hearths, ii. 29 ; with movable cham- bers, ii. 30 ; reverberatory furnaces heated by waste heat of reduction furnaces, ii. 31-32 ; zinc white pro- duced from, ii. 226 Calamine, furnace-, formation of, i. 89, 320 ; ii. 15 ; treatment of, ii. 174 et 9eq. electric, see Hemimorphite Calcic sulphide, action of, on cuprous sulphide, i. 9 Calcite, reduction of in calcination of zinc blende, ii. 36 ; in zinc distilla- tion, ii. 87 Caldron process, see Cazo process California stamp mill, i. 680*, 681*; sold -amalgamation mill, ii. 794 Cali^mia Mifl, Virginia City, Washoe process of silver extraction, i. 648 et seq, Canadian Copper Company, method of heap-roastm^ at Sudbury, i. 34*; nickel smetting by, ii. 5^, 529 ; re- fining nickel matte by, ii. 543 ; ex- traction of nickel in the wet way, ii. 574 Calomel, found with native mercury at Montpellier, ii. 255, 259 Calvert, on thermal conductivity, of silver, i. 456 ; of gold, i. 752 ; on the expansion of zinc by heating, ii. 2 ; on thermal conductivity of zinc, ii. 2 ; of mercury, ii. 50 Calvert and Johnson, on linear expansion by heat of bismuth, ii. 347 ; on linear expansion by heat of tin, ii. 375 ; on linear expansion of anti- mony, ii. 430 ; on thermal conduc- tivity of antimony, ii. 431 Carbon, action on copper, I 5 ; action on cuprous oxide, i. 7 ; action on cupric oxide, i. 8 ; action on cuprous sul- phide, i. 10, 11 ; action on cupric sulphate, i. 12; smelting calcined 696 GENERAL INDEX copper ores with, for matte, i. 86, 87 ; reactions with lea<l compounds, i. 277, 280, 281 ; in smelting process, i. 340, 341 ; present in commercial zinc, ii. 4 ; action with zinc, ii. 5 ; action with zinc oxide, ii. 6, 7 ; action with zinc sulphide, ii. 9-11 ; action with zinc silicate, ii. 11 ; action with zinc sulphate, ii. 12 ; action with mercuric sulphide, ii. 253 ; action of, with nickel, ii. 497, 498, 502 ; effect on aluminium, ii. 627 Garhon dioxide, used in displacement of gases from copper, i. 2; action on copper, L 6 ; action on cuprous sul- phide, i. 11 monoxide, absorbed by molten cop- per, i. 2, 5, 6 ; action on cuprous oxide, i. 7 ; action on cupric oxide, i. 8; action on cuprous sulphide, i. 11 Carez, on treatment of tin-cuttings, ii. 424 Carinthian process of lead-extraction by air-reduction, i. 289, 290-296 ; as conducted at Bleiberg, i. 290-296, 319 ; furnace, i. 291 •, 292, 319 ; three stages in, i. 292-293 ; disadvantages of, i. 294 ; employed in America, i. 295*, 296 ; for zinc distillation, ii. 94, 100, 101* Carleton -Williams, on boiling point of antimony, ii. 430 Carnegie Co., the manufacture of nickel- steel by, ii. 507 Camelly, on boiling point of bismuth, ii. 347 ; on boiling point of antimony, ii. 430 Camot, on extraction of bismuth at Meymac, ii. 362 n Carr's disintegrators, ii. 107 (yarter, on filtration of tin, ii. 416 Casettes,u8ed with shaft-furnaces worked intermittently for calcination of cinnabar, ii. 267 Cassel's method of electrometallurgical extraction of gold, i. 841 Cassel and Kjellin*s process of electro- lysis of zinc, ii. 214 Cassiterite, see Tinstone Cassius, purple of, gold in, i. 752 Castellero, first extracted mercury from Califomian cinnabar, ii. 258 Castilian blast furnace, the, i. 394, 413 Castner, see Deville Cavendish, on solidification of mercury, ii. 250 Cazo process of silver extraction, i. 618-620 Cement waters, treatment of, i. 209, 210 ; -copper. {See under Copper) Cement, gold bearing gravel, i. 771 Cementation, or parting of gold by salt. Cerussite, composition and localities of, i. 282 Cervantite, ii. 437 Chalcanthite, localities, et<:., i. 15 Chalcocite, its localities, etc., i. 14 : extraction of copper, i. 17 ; objects in roasting, i. 25 Chalcopyrite, reduction of, in calcination of zinc blende, ii. 35 ; see Copper pyrites Chance, on precipitation of copper b^* residues of Leblanc soda works, i. 209 Chaugy, on extraction of tin by electro- lysis, ii. 427 le Chatelier, Andr<^, on tenacity of heated aluminium, ii. 627 Chenhall, his furnace for zinc distillation, ii. 101 Chessylite, see Azurite Chilian Mill, for the Krohnke process, i. 622, 623,* 627 ; for gold amalga- mation, i. 772 China-silver, ii. 506 Chinese furnaces for tin smelting, ii. 403 Chloanthite, ii. 508 Chlorides, the solubility of the various, i. 461 ; alkaline, melted with zinc scums, i. 549 Chloridising roasting of cuprous sulphide, i. 10 ; of silver ores, i. 682-688 Chlorination of gold ore, i. 810-819 ; without agitation of ore, i 810-815 ; with agitation of ore, i. 815-819 Chlorine, action on silver, i. 457 ; present in commercial zinc, ii. 4 ; action on bismuth, ii. 348 ; action with arsenic, ii. 472 ; efiect on nickel, ii. 408 Chlorine gas, gold-parting by, 1. 847-850 Christofle, method of nickel extraction, ii. 578 Christofle's metal, see China-silver Christofle works at St. Denis, nickel extraction at, it 582, 585 Christy, S. B., on calcination of gold ores, i. 807 Chromite, ii. 508 ChrysoooUa, localities, etc., i. 15 Cinnal>ar, artificial, ii. 252 native, ii. 252 ; localities of, ii. 255- 259 ; hepatic, ii. 255 ; manofactore of artificial, ii. 344-346 ; green, ae>e Zinc green. (For treatment of, 9ee MTidcr Mercury. ) Clapham, ou production of chloride of copper in dry way, i. 221 Classen, oh melting point of bismuth, ii. 347 Classen and Ludwig, method of anti- mony extraction, ii. 468 Claudet's process, i. 739 Clay, fireproof, for vessels for zinc- distillation, ii. 91-93, 98 Clement, on patio process, i. 634 Clerc, on the Jumbo furnace, i. 315 n ; GENERAL INDEX 697 proposal for improvement in zinc extraction, ii. 185 n ; on Bartlett process, ii. 236 n Coal-tar colours, extraction of arsenical products from the residues, ii. 495 Coarse metal, smeltine copper-matte for, i. 125-139; calcining, i. 139-140; smelting for white metal, i. 140 ; methods of working, i. 148-151 Cobalt, action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 262, 263 ; in speiss from lead smelting, i. 389 ; arsenical ores of, ii. 476 ; tin- white, ii. 476 ; effect on nickel, ii. 497, 502 physical properties, ii. 597 ; chemical properties, and compounds, ii. 597, 598 ; ores, ii. 598 ; extraction of co- balt oxide, ii. 600-608 ; extraction of metallic cobalt, ii. 608 ; production of smalt, ii. 6i09 ; manufacture of special cobalt compounds, ii. 613 ; alloy of aluminium and, ii. 631 Cobaltamlnes, ii. 598 Cobalt, bloom, ii. 599 ; bright white-, ii. 598 ; bronze, ii. 600, 613 ; glance, ii. 476, 598 ; nickel pyrites, ii. 599 ; pyrites, ii. 598 ; tin white-, ii. 598 ; ultramarine, ii. 600, 613 ; -vitriol, ii. 599 Cobalt ic oxide, ii. 597 Cobaltine, ii. 598 Cobaltoso-cobaltic oxide, ii. 597 Cobaltous oxide, ii. 597 ; sulphide and sulphate, ii. 598 Coccinite, ii. 259 Cochlovius' adapter for zinc-distillation furnaces, ii. 158*, 159 Cockerill Works, Belgium, ferro-nickel made at, ii. 506 Coehn, on electrolysis of zinc, ii. 201, 214 Colas, in patio process, i. 645 Cold-shortness, causes of, in copper, i. 2-6 CoUinsville Zinc Co., the, Brown-furnace for calcining zinc-blende used by, ii. 50 Combination Mining and Milling Co. ; at Philipsburg, combination process of silver extraction at, i. 674 Combination pan, for Washoe process, i. 658,659* (combination process of silver extraction, i. 674 Comstock lode, the, Washoe process of silver extraction used for ores from, i. 658 et seq. Condensers for mercury furnaces, ii. 265-267 ; composition of soot from, ii. 329-332 ; treatment of soot from, ii. 332-335 ; acid water from, ii. 335, 336 ; iftee Adapters) Condensing flue for arsenious acid, ii. 484, 485* Conechy, on volatility of arsenic, ii. 471 Consolidated Kansas City Smelting and Refining Co., i. 414 ; composiUon of refined market lead from the, i. 455 Consolidated Virginia Mill, Washoe pro- cess of silver extraction, i. 648 el seq. Converter process of copper extraction, i. 21-24, 158-166; refining nickel- matte in, 530, 542 et. seq. (for various converters see under Bessemer, Manhes, Stalman, etc.) Cookson and Co. , Messrs. , works of, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, i. 312 ; anti- mony reduction by, ii. 457 Copper, physical properties i. 1-6; chemical properties, i. 6, 7 ; chemi- cal reactions of compounds of, i. 7-13 ; ores and their localities, i. 13-15 ; artificial products of, i. 15 ; methods of extraction, i. 16 BXTRACTION OF COPPER BY DRY METHODS, i. 17-198 ; various pro- cesses, i. 18-24 German process, i. 18-125 ; calcination of ores, i. 25-28 ; normal heap- roasting, i. 29-34 : kernel roasting, i. 34-37 ; heap-roasting of fines, i. 37, 38 ; removal of bitumen by heap-roasting, i. 38 ; calcining in stalls, i. 38-44 ; in pyrites burners, i. 44-49 ; in kilns, i. 49-52 ; in shaft furnaces, i. 52-67 ; in reverberator\' furnaces, i. 67-83 ; in muffle fur- naces, i. 83-86 ; smelting for matte, i. 86-112; calcination of matte, i. 112-116 ; smelting of calcined matte for coarse copper, i. 117-122 ; smelt- ing with concentration of matte, i. 120-125 English process of smeltins, i. 125-139 ; calcining ores, i. 126-129 ; smelting calcined ore in reverberatory fur- naces, i. 129 ; compositions of various pyritic ores i. 130 ; calcina- tion of coarse metal, i. 139, 140 ; smelting calcined coarse metal, i. 140-143 ; smelting white metal, i. 143-146 ; treatment of coarse metal for coarse copper, i. 147-161 ; treat- ment of copper bottoms, i. 151, 152 ; examples of English process of smelting, i. 152, 153 Anglo-German process, i. 153-158 Bessemer process (converter), i. 158- 166 pyritic smeltinjK of copper, i. 156, 167 ; extraction of, from oxides and salts of, and from ores containing native copper, i. 167-169 purification of coarse copper in the dry way, i. 169-198 : various methods, i. 171 ; by separate refining and toughening, i. 171-181 ; production of tough-pitch copper, i. 180, 181 ; purification in refining hearth, i. 181 698 GENERAL INDEX Copper, refining by English process, i. 18M98: casting copper, i 192, 193; impurities in the various refined coppers, i. 194 EXTRACTION BY WET METHODS, i, 198- 248 ; from ores that contain copper as oxide or carbonate, i. 199 ; solu- tion of, i. 199 ; lixiviation by means of sulphuric acid, i. 199, 200 ; hydrochloric acid, i. 200, 201 ; with other solvents, i. 204, 205 ; precipi- tation of copper, i. 205-208 extraction from ores that contain it as sulphate, i. 208-210 ; as sulphide, i, 210-235; transformation of sul- phide into sulphate, i. 210-216 ; transformation oi sulphide into oxide, i. 216 ; transformation of sulphide into chloride, i. 216-235; composi- tion of ores calcined for chloride of copper, i. 225, 226, 227 ; works for, 2^-234, 235 ; dissolving copper out of the ores, i. 236-240 ; solution of sulphate, i. 236 ; solution of oxide, i. 236, 237 ; of chloride, 237-240 precipitation of copper from solutions, i. 240-246 : from cupric sulphate, i. 240, 244 ; from copper chloride, i. 241-246 ; conversion of cement copper into merchantable copper, i. 246-248 EXTRACTION BY ELECTRO - METALLUR- GICAL METHODS, i. 248-274 ; from ores, i. 249-257 ; from mattes, i. 257-260; from alloys, i. 260-273, 274 effect of copper on lead, i. 276-280 ; in roasting and reduction process, i. 321 ; in smelting process, i. 342 ; in products of blast furnace smelting of lead, i. 381, 382; in various lead ores, i. 386 et seq. ; reduction in iron- reduction process of lead extraction, i. 396 ; extraction of black copper from lead mattes, i. 408 ; lead extracted from flue dust from Mansfeld copper works, i. 422 : elimination of, in refining of lead, i. 431 action of copper on silver sulphide, i. 459, 460 ; alloy of silver and, i. 464 ; silver in copper schist of Mansfeld, i. 468 ; extraction of silver from argentiferous black copper by sul- phuric acid, i. 603^608 ; from copper matte, i. 608-610 effect of copper on gold, i. 756 ; reduc- tion of, in gold-refining, i 854, 868 ; present in commercial zinc, ii. 4 ; action with zinc sulphide, ii. 10; treatment of with zinc calcination products, ii. 83, 84 ; action with mercuric sulphide, ii. 253 ; contained in crude bismuth, ii. 369 ; extracted from crude bismuth, ii. 371 ; effect on tin, ii. 375 ; separation from tin» ii. 382, 383, 390 ; alloys of antimonv and, ii. 436, 437 ; effect on nickef, ii. 497, 500-508 ; in German silver, ii. 506; extraction of nickel from ores containing, ii. 511 etaeq, ; forma- tion of copper-nickel matte, ii. 530 ; formation of copper-nickel alloys, ii. 544 et eeq, ; effect on aluminium, ii. 627 Copper-bismuth glance, ii. 352 Copper, black, production of in smelting of '' bleistein," i. 158 ; composition of after electrolysis of copper slime, i. 265 {see alw Melaconite, Blister Copper) Copper, cake-, i. 151 Copper, carbonates of, reactions of, i. 9 Copper, cement, compoeitiona of from various places, i. 245, 246 ; con- version into merchantable copper, i. 246-248 Copper glance, see Chalcocite Copper, Lake-, i. 194, 196 Copper matte, (Sulphide of Iron and Copper), i. 9 ; action of air and silica on, i. 10 ; treatment of, in German smelting process, i. 19 ; in English process, i, 20, 21 ; in Bessemer pro- cess, i. 21 ; smelting calcined ores for, in shaft furnaces, i. 86-112; separation of, from slag, i. 88-90, 94, 95 ; coarse, composition of, L 110, 111; calcination of, i. 112-116; smelting calcined matte for coarse metal, i. 117-122; product i<m of " diinnstein," i. 117 ; concentration of , combined with extraction of copper by German process, i. 120-125; composition of, in smelting coarse copper, i. 141 ; concentration by Welsh process, i. 147 ; from smelt- ing kupferschiefer, i. 155; from smelting **blei8tein," i. 157, 158; production of coarse copper from, by Bessemer process, i. 158-166; con- centration of, in Stalman converter, i. 165 ; extraction of copper from, by electrolysis, i. 257-260; silver extraction from, i. 608-610 ; amal- gamation of, i. 692, 693 ; of black copper, i. 693, 694; of speiss, i. 694-696 Copper-mica, effect of, on copper, i. 5, 6, 173 Copper, Moss-, composition of, i. 149 Copper pyrites, i. 14 ; extraction of cop- per, i. 17 ; objects in roasting, i, 25, 26 ; analysis by Peters of a heap of, before and after calcination, i. 33: calcined in Mal^tra furnace, i. 58 ; smelting of, in United States, i. 91 : at Mansfeld, i. 113; calcination of, for sulphate, i. 21^-215 Copper, Rosette-, i. 174 GENERAL INDEX 699 Copper-scale, production of, i. 6 ; in toughening process, i. 181 Copper- schists, see Kupferschiefer Copper, silicates of, reactions of, i. 9 Copper slag, treatment of in various processes of calcination, i. 22-24 ; separation from matte in smelting of calcined copper ores, i. 88-90, 94, 95 ; table showing composition of, from Oker, Koros, Altenau, Fahlun, and Mansfeld, i. 90, 111; composi- tion of slags in English copper smelting process, i. ISS, 127 ; from Welsh process of copper smelting, Le Play on composition of, i. 139, 141 ; -metal, red and white, i. 150 ; from Stalman converter, composition of, L 164 ; from copper refineries, i. 180, 194 ; composition of Welsh refinery slas, i. 195 Copper Sulphide (Cu^S), see Cuprous sulphide Copper, Tile-, i. 147, 151 Copper, tough-, i. 148 ; tough-pitch, i. 194 Copper vitriol, see Chalcanthite Copper Queen Company's works, Bisbee, Arizona, Manhes-IXivid converter at, i. 162 Copper Queen Mine, Arizona, process of smelting at, i. 168, 169 Corduri^, on oxidation of zinc by steam, i. 560 Corduri^ process, for treatment of zinc scums, i. 550 Cornish process of lead extraction, i. 296 Cornwall furnace, for zinc-distillation, ii. 115*, 116 Corraline ore, ii. 255 Corrosive sublimate, gee Mercuric chloride Cortez Mills, Nevada, patio process at, i. 719 Corundum, ii. 633, 634 Cousino, firm of, at Lota, Chili, con- verters used by, i. 166 Covellite, localities, &c., i. 14 Cowles Brothers, process of aluminium extraction, ii. 635, 636, 647, 660 Cowper-Coles, on electrolysis of zinc, ii. Cradle gold-washer, i. 760, 761* Cramet, on Chinese tin-smelting furnaces, ii. 403 n Crawford Mill, i. 776, 777* Creighton, on melting-point of tin, ii. Crell, on gold-parting by sulphur, i. 846 Crocoite, i. 283 Crooke process of leading silver matte, 1. 486 Crosby's amalgamators, i. 801 Crucible heartli, see Tiegelofen Crude copper. {See under Copper, Blister copper) Cryolite, ii. 633, 634 Cupellation of rich zinc scums, i. 549 of argentiferous lead, i. 566-568 ; in German furnace, i. 568, 583 ; with- out addition of lead, i. 583-585; with additions of lead, i, 585, 586 ; in English furnace, L 586, 595 ; of auriferous lead, i. 763 Cupellation furnaces, extraction of bis- muth in, ii. 361-363 Cupellation processes, smelting of the bye-prooucts of, i. 422, 430 Cupric chloride (CuCl^), action on cop- per, i. 11 ; chemical reactions of, i. 12, 13 ; action of electrolysis, i. 13 ; transformation of sulphide into, i. 216, 235; solution of copper as, i. 237, 240; precipitation of copper from, i. 241, 246 oxide (CuO) produced by action of heat on copper, i. 6 ; chemical reactions of, i. 8 ; action on cuprous sulphide, i. 10 ; action on cupric chloride, i. 12 ; reduction of in extraction of copper ores by German process, i. 19 ; re- duction of by English process, i. 20 ; reduction by Bessemer process, i. 21 ; solution of copper as, i. 236, 237 sulphate, action of, as electrolyte, in precipitation of copper, i. 7 ; chemi- cal reactions of, i. 12; action of electrolysis upon, i. 12; reduction of in extraction of copper ores by German process, i. 19 ; by the English process, i. 20 ; solution of copper as, i. 236 ; precipitation of copper from, i. 240, 241 sulphide, chemical reactions of, i. 9-11 Cupriferous artificial products, i. 15 Cuprite (CuoO), its localities, etc., i. 13 Cuproso-lead oxide, action on, i. 3 Cuprous chloride (Cu^Cl^), chemical reac- tions of, i. 12 ; action of electrolysis in, i. 12 ; transformation of sulphide into, i. 216, 235 ; solution of copper as, i. 237, 240 ; precipitation of cop- per from, i. 241, 246 oxide (CU2O), absorbed by molten cop- per, i. 2, 3 ; effect of, combined with oxide of bismuth, on copper, i. 4 ; pro- duced by heating copper to redness, i. 6 ; chemical reactions of, i. 78 ; action on cuprous sulphide, i. 10 ; reduc- tion of in extraction of copper ores, by German process, i. 19 ; reduction of by English process, i. 20 ; reduc- tion by Bessemer process, i. 21 ; transformation of sulphide into, i. 216 ; solution of copper as, i. 236, 237 ; action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 261 sulphide (Cu^), action on copper, i. 5 ; action on cuprous oxide. 700 GENERAL INDEX i. 7 ; action on cupric oxide, i. 8 ; chemical reactions of, i. 9, 12 ; elec- trolysis of, i. 11 ; action on cupric sulphate, 1. 12 ; reduction of in £nglish process of extraction, i. 20 ; copper soluble in, i. 149 ; reduction of for copper, i. 210, 235 ; action in electrolysis of copper slimes, i. 261 Ourrie, S. C. , on electrolysis of alkaline solutions for zinc, ii. 218 Curtis, W. M., on solubility of the various chlorides, i. 461 ; on Angus- tin process, i. 709 Ouster Mill, Idaho, pan amalgamation at, i. 697 Oyanidation, direct, of gold ores, i. 839- 841 ; («ee MacArthur- Forrest pro- cess) Czermak furnace for cupellation of ar- gentiferous lead, at Przibram, i. 570, 676*; mercury, ii. 305, 306»-309, 312 ; composition of mercurial soot from, ii. 331 ; treatment of soot in, ii. 335 ; various ores treated in, ii. 337, 338 Czermak condenser, used with Rxeli furnaces, ii. 280 ; with Langer fur- naces, ii. 289 D I>achberg, 1. 155 Dagner's adapters, ii. 136*-139 ; zinc fume from, ii. 184 ; cadmium ex- tracted from flue-dust caught by, ii. 244,245 Dammer, on Brand's electrolytic method of tin -refining, ii. 428n Daniell, on the melting-point of zinc, ii. 2,4 Davey, on Bartlett process, ii. 2367i David, converters of, see Manh^ Davies, on production of work-lead from speiss, i. 496 Davis process of gold chlorination, i. 816 ; of precipitation, i. 821 Day Dawn Mine, the, W. Australia, MacArthur-Forrest gold -ex traction process at, i. 830 et aeq. Dead-roasting of copper matte, i. 113- 116 Debray, on chemical reactions of silver oxide, i. 457 Decomposing cells, used in electro-metal- lurgical method of copper extraction, i. 251* Deetken, on Plattner process, i. 804 ; on chlorination of gold ore, i. 814 Degenhardt, on clay vessels for zinc- distillation, ii. 93 De Luyne, on extraction of bismuth from alloys, ii. 364, 365 Demarcay, on boiling-point of antimony, ii. 430 Dense-poling, «ee Poling. Dentistry, cadmium used in, ii. 243 ; bismuth used in, ii. 351 Deschamps, his method of purification of bismuth, ii. 372 Designolle's process of amalgamation, i. 702 et seq., 802 Desilverisation. {See under Silver, etc. ) Despretz, on thennal conductivity of silver, i. 456 ; of gold, i. 752 Detroit Copper Co., the, treatment of oxidised ores in works of, i. 168, 169 Deville, on the volatility of zinc, ii. 2 ; on the chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 7 ; on the boiling point of cadmium, ii. 241 ; on tensile strength of nickel, ii. 496 ; analysis of C£li- fomian crude platinum, ii. 617 ; on crystallisation of aluminium, ii. 626 ; on specific heat of aluminium, ii. 627 ; his method of aluminium ex- traction, ii. 637 ; the Deville-Castner method, ii. 640 ; his electrolytic method of extraction, ii. 645 Deville furnace, the, for extraction of platinum, ii. 618, 619* Deville and Caron, on tin-iron alloys, ii. 407 Deville and Debray, on specific gravity of platinum, ii. 614 ; analysts of Choco crude platinum, ii. 617; on extrac- tion of platinum, ii. 618 Devon Great Consols Mine, Devon, arsenic from, ii. 480. Dewey, on Moffet hearth, i. 315 n Dick, on chemical reactions of zinc oxide, ii. 7 Dietrich, on composition of lead ore from Przibram, i. 391 Diez, on composition of ancient Laurinm slags, i. 420 Dingier, on nickel smelting at Krageri>. ii. 529 n, 536 n et seq. Distillation of zinc scums, i. 540-548 ; ii. 84 Distillation residues, mercurial, ii. 336 Dixon, method of nickel extraction, ii. 577 ; on extraction of nickel from speiss, ii. 586 Dodge's stone-crushers, used in Washoe process of silver extraction, i. 649, 776 Dobereiner, on extraction of platinum, ii. 622 Dotsch process of formation of chloride of copper, i. 217, 218, 237 Dole, see Moulin Dolomite, reduction of, in calcination of zinc blende, ii. 36 Donath, on treatment of tin-cuttings, ii. 424 Dony, Abb^, designer of li^ge furnace, ii. 112 Douglas furnace for copper, i. 85, 86 ; for calcining zinc blende, ii. 74 GENERAL INDEX 701 Douglas, James, his Manhds and David converter at Bisbee, Arizona, i. 162 ; his process of copper extraction, i. 