Spinoza, his life and philosophy
Had hij daarloe niet — als Kant te Koningsbergen — een akade- mischen leerstoel ter beschikking,— in den Haag, waar hij de laatste tien of twaalf jaren van zijn kortstondig leven doorbracht, heeft hij, van zijn kleine woonvertrek aan de Paviljoensgracht uit, tot geen grooter of kleiner tal van scholieren, maar, in zijn rijpste denkgewrochten, tot de gansche menschheid gesproken. Van daar maakte hij tijdgenoot en nakomeling op aard en wezen opmerkzaam van 's menschen stoffelijk en zedelijk bestaan, en op de voorwaarden van zijn welstand naar hchaam en geest. In dien Haag moet dan ook dat standbeeld, liefst in 't gezicht van dat Avoonvertrek, op de sedert gedempte stille gracht een plaats vinden, door haar kalme omgeving den kalmen rustigen denker ten voile waardig. Het verheugt ons, al behoefde 't ons waarlijk niet te bevreemden, voor de verwezenlijking van dat denkbeeld al aanstonds den vollen bijval en welkome toezegging hunner medewerking erlangd te hebben van zooveel uitheemsche mannen van wetenschap, als zich, blijkens hun onderschreven namen, voor verschillende landen bij ons hebben aanglesloten. Spinoza toch is geen uitsluitend Nederlandsche, hij is tevens een wereldgrootheid, wiens nagedachtenis door de gansche beschaafde wereld dankbaar moet worden gevierd. Dat hebben die mannen begrepen, en terwijl wij daarom ook vertrouwend aan hunne zorg de bevordering van ons plan in hun verschillende woonstreken overlaten, meenen wij te mogen verwachten, dat hun opwekkelijk voorbeeld onze en Spinoza's landgenooten tot des te volvaardiger meewerking zal aanlokken. Wij verwachten haar niet enkel van de beoefenaars der wijsbe- 454 APPENDIX. geerte, die Spinoza's vernuft en denkkracht roemen, maar van alien, die het moedig streven naar waarheid, en het voorstaan der vrijheid van denken eeren, waarin zijne zedelijke grootheid gelegen is. 's Gravenhage, Januari 1876, The following persons gave their support as honorary or corre- sponding members of the Committee. In some cases local sub- committees were also formed, and in this country the London Committee issued a somewhat abridged and modified version of the circular. Argentine Republic. Dr. D. F. Sarmiento. Prof. H. Weyenbergh. Austria. Prof. Ad. Beer. Graf CoRONlNi. Dr. Ed. SiJss. Dr. J. Unger. Batavia {Dutch East Indies). Dr. F. H. Bauer. Mr. L. W. C. V. D. Berg. Dr. P. A. Bergsma. P. V, DlJK. W. P. Groeneveldt. Mr. T. H. der Kinderen. Belgium. J. DE Gevter. Prof J. F. Heremans. Prof F. Laurent. Dr. A. Willems. France. Prof Claude Bernard.* Prof M. Berthelot. Prof Ad. Franck. Prof Paul Janet. Dr. Louis J. Koenigswarter. Dr. E. L1TTR6. E. Renan. Jules Simon. Prof H. Taine. Gcr>na}ty. Dr. Berthold Auerbach. Prof J. Bergmann. Prof KuNO Fischer. Prof H. Helmholtz. Prof M. Lazarus. Prof C. V. Prantl. Prof C. Schaarschmidt. Prof CiiR. Sigwart. Prof H. V. Sybel. Prof Ed. Zeller. Great Britain and Ireland. Matthew Arnold, Esq. Prof A. Bain. Sir B. C. Brodie, Bart. Prof Bryce. Prof W. K. Clifford.' Prof G. Croom Robertson. M. E. Grant Duff, Esq., M.P. T. H. Farrer, Esq. J. Fowler, Esq. J. A. Froude, Esq. Hon. Mr. Justice Grove. Prof T. H. Huxley, Prof B. Jowett, Master of Ballio Coll., Oxford. W. E. H. Lecky, Esq. ' Since deceased. APPENDIX. 455 G. H. Lewes, Esq.' Rev. J. P. Mahaffy. Sir Louis Mallet, C.B. Rev. Prof. Marks. Rev. James Martineau. Prof. Max Muller. F. Pollock, Esq. The Hon. Roden Noel. Lord Arthur Russell, M.P. Shadworth H. Hodgson, Esq. Herbert Spenxer, Esq. W. Spottiswoode, Esq.* J. Hutchison Stirling, Esq. James ■'^LLV, Esq. Principal Tulloch. Prof. J. T VXD ALL. Italy. Prof. A. DE Gubernatis. Prof. J. Moleschott, Prof. A. Vera. Russia, J. Addens. Prof. W. BOLIN. Prof. J. J. W. Lagus, Prof. G. Teichmuller. Sivecfcn. Prof. S. Ribbing, Upsala. Switzerland. Prof. C. Hebler, Bern. United States. Pi of. E. L. YoUMANS, New- York. ' Since deceased. President of the Royal Society, 456 APPENDIX w ft:! Oh < a, Co i I Co S •^ w s o o w '-' INDEX. ' Sir, my friend jfohn Baynes used to say that the man who published a book without an index ought to be damned ten miles beyond Hell, zuhere the Devil could not get for stinging-nettles.''— Vi.^^^\ B. Wheatley : What is an Index? p. 27. ABO A BOAB, Isaac, de Fonseca, chief of ■^^ the Amsterdam synagogue, 6 — dehided by Sabbatai Zevi, 29 Abstraction, warning of Sp. against substitutmg it for reality, 140 Allen, Grant, on utility of pleasure as such, 225 Amsterdam, foundation of Jewish set- tlement at, 3 — building and opening of syna- gogues, 4 Andala, Ruardus, his writings against Sp., xxvii Apparitions, Sp.'s opinion of, 59 — authorities cited for by a correspon- dent of Sp., 61 Aristocracy, Sp.'s ideal scheme of, 333 — his conjecture as to historical origin of, 334 Aristotle, his doctrine of intellectual immortality, 2S9 Arnold, Matthew, his essay on Tract. Theol.-pol., xl, 404 Association, doctrine of, in Sp., 196 Atheism repudiated by Sp., 69 — characters of, in Sp's. opinion, 66 — definition of, 356 Attributes, Sp.'s definition of, 159, 163 — parallelism of, 167 — theory of, criticised by Tschirnhau- sen, 171 Auerbach, Berthold, his translation of Sp., xxi — his Spinozism in literature, 397 Aiixilia imaginationis, i8r, 185 Avenarius, Dr. Richard, on Sp. De Deo, &c., xxxix BOD Avenarius, Dr. Richard, his essay on Sp.'s philosophical development, 91 Averroes, on ' active intellect ' and im- mortality, 290 Avicebron (Ibn-Gebirol), Jewish Neo- Platonist ; his Fons Vitae, used and cited by Giordano Bruno, 103 "D AGON, Francis, Lord Verulam, his •^ belief in an art of discovery, 321 — surmised influence of, on .Sp., 126, n. Balling, Peter, translator of ' Principia Philosophiac, ' 56, n. — letter of Sp. to him on omens, 57 Bayle, Pierre, his article on Sp., xxiv, 386 Ben Israel. See Manasseh ben Israel Berkeley, George, Bishop of Cloyne, his mention of Sp., 381 Bernis, Gardinal de, refutes Sp., 386 Blackmore, Sir Richard, his confuta- tion of Sp., xxxi Blunt's Dictionary of Sects, article in, on Sp., xxxv Blyenbergh, William van, of Dort, his correspondence with Sjd., 46 — published refutations of Sp., 56 Body and mind, identity of, and paral- lelism of phenomena, in Sp.'s system, — correspondence of, a special case of parallelism of Attributes in Sp.'s system, 168 Body, the human, in a certain sense eternal, 293 4S8 INDEX. BOE Boerhaave, Hermannus, Spinozist against his will, 376 Bohmer, Ed., his discussion of the In- finite Modes, 188 Bontekoe, Dr. C, his intention ~of-j:^_ futing Sp., 375 Bouillier, F., on Descartes and Sp., xl Boulainvilliers, Henri Comte de, his edition of life of Sp., xxiv — his professed refutation of Sp., xxiv, xxviii, 388 Boyle, Robert, his scientific corres- pondence with Sp. through Olden- burg, 28 Bresser, Dr. J., letter of Sp. to him, 24 Bril, Jacob, Hattemist, 376 Bruder, C. H., his ed. of Sp., xvii Bruno, Giordano, his influence on Sp., 87, 103-105 — his use of Avicebron's work, 102 — Descartes perhaps indebted to him, 105 — his mention of desio di consetvarsi, 117, n. Burgh, Albert, probably identical with young man mentioned by Sp. in letter to De Vries, 24 — announces to Sp. his reception into Roman Church, 75 Busolt, Georg, his monograph on Sp., xxxviii Byron, Lord, intended to write preface to Shelley's translation from Sp., xx r^^SAR, JULIUS, his ignorance of gtmpowder evidence of magic in Albert Burgh's opinion, 76 — his disregard of apparitions, &c., cited with approval by Sp., 62 Camerer, Theodor, his monograph on Sp., xxxvii Cartesian, Sp. never was, 30, 91 Causa proxima, as element of definition with Sp., 147 Causa sui (Eth. part i. def. i), 159, 160 Cause, why not defined by Sp., 160 Causes, Final, Sp.'s attack on, 349 Charles Lewis, Elector Palatine, in- vites Sp. to chair of philosophy at Heidelberg, 34 Christ, Sp. on his office as compared \\-ith prophets, 365 — appearances of, after resurrection, 367 DES Chrysippus, principle of self-preserva- tion stated by, 117, n. Clarke, Dr. Samuel, his criticism on Sp., 384 Clifford, W. K., on causation, cited, 161 "Coleridge, S. T., his appreciation and exposition of Sp., 400 Colerus, Johannes, his life of Sp., xxii, and App. A Colliber, Samuel, cites Sp., xxxiii Conntns, meaning of, in Sp.'s use, 218 Conde (Louis II. de Bourbon, Prince de) invites Sp. to French headquar- ters at Utrecht, 36 Condillac, E. B. de, his criticism on Sp., 386 Conservation of Energy. See Energy Craane, Theodore, professor of medi- cine at Leyden, the circumstances of Albert Burgh's conversion communi- cated to him, 75 Creskas, Chasdai, of Barcelona, inde- pendent Jewish philosopher ; points of resemblance to Sp. ; a determinist ; quoted by Sp. 95, 96, 97 Cudworth, Ralph, his criticism on Sp., xxxi, 383 Cutfeler, Abraham, 376 ■pjA COSTA, Uriel, his career, ex- ■^-^ communication by the sjmagogtie of Amsterdam, and death, 8, 9 Dante, self-preserving effort of all things mentioned in his ' De Monarchia, ' 117, M. Davids, T. Rhys, on Buddhism, cited, 217 Decalogue, Sp. on revelation of, 358 Definition, Sp.'s theory of, 146 — what he really meant by, 147 De la Court, Peter, mentioned by Sp., Democracy, Sp.'s definition of, 336 Descartes, Rene, handbook of his Principles of Philosophy prepared by Sp., 29 — the same enlarged and published (Renati Des Cartes Principioi-um Philosophiae, etc., Amst. 1663), 30 — scientific element in Sp. mostly due to him, 87, 106 sqq. — his doctrine of motion, and its use by Sp., no — his conception of matter criticized by Sp., 115 — his partial statement of First Law INDEX. 459 DES of Motion, and Sp.'s philosophical extension of it, Ii6 — his search for truth distinguished from Sp.'s 123 — his theory of the passions criticized by Sp. 215 — on pineal gland, criticized by Sp., 279 — perhaps saved Sp. from mysticism. Design, the argument from, 246 Desire, Sp.'s definition of, 221 Detenninism, Sp.'s doctrine of, 202 — distinguished from fatalism, 204 De Vries, Simon, pupil and friend of Sp., 23 — his early death, and intended bounty to Sp., 23 De Witt, John and Cornelius, their rela- tions with Sp., 30, 36 Duration, distinguished by Sp. from measurable time, 182 pARBERY, MATTHIAS, his criti- ■^^ cism on Sp., 383 Education, hint of Sp.'s view of, 304 Emotions, Sp.'s definitions of, 233, 243 — can be restrained only by stronger emotion, 252 — only the active are good, 266 Ende or Enden, Francis Affinius van den, Sp.'s master in Latin, 12 — his migration to France, implication in De Rohan's conspiracy, and exe- cution, 15 Ende, Clara van den, daughter of Francis V. d. E., m. Theodore Kerck- krinck, 1671, said to have jilted Sp., but the tale improbable, 13, 14 EndowTTients, Sp.'s opinion of, 334 Energy, conservation of, not discover- able a priori, 113 — not anticipated by Descartes or Sp., "3 English law of real property, how much more reasonable than Kabbalah, qjunre, 99 Erastianism of ' Tractatus Theologico- politicus,' 32 Erdmann, J. E., cited, 173 Error, {De Int. Evi.), 138 — belongs to imagination, not under- standing, 144 — Sp.'s explanation of, 198 how distinguished from fiction GAR ' Eternal things ' of Sp. {De Int. Em.), what, 150 Eternity, perception of things under form of, 153 — Sp.'s definition of, 159 — distinguished by Sp. from duration, 294, 301 — knowledge under the form of, 288, 292 — of the mind, 280 sqq. ' Ethics ' of Sp., definitions of Part I. translated, 159 — preface to Part III. translated, 214 — preface to Part IV. 245 — Appendix to Part IV. translated, 271 Evil, nature of, discussed by Sp. in letters to Blyenbergh, 47, 53 — Sp.'s definition of, 251 — knowledge of, inadequate, 269 Evolution, theoiy of, Sp.'s relation to, 223 Explanation included by Sp. in Defi- nition, 147 Extension, as one of known Attributes, 164, 167, 171 — its relation to Thought, 175 PABRICIUS, John Albert, of Leip- -*■ zig (1 668-1 736) ; his Ddedtis argitmentorum, etc., cited, xxx Fabricius, John Lewis, of Schaffhausen, 1 63 2- 1 697 ; professor of theology at Heidelberg, writes official letter to Sp., 34 Ficlite, J. G., traces of Sp. in his work, 397 Fiction, Sp.'s theory of (in De Int. Em.), 137 — lawful use of, in science, 139 Fischer, Kuno, his account of Sp., XXXV Flint, Prof. R., on Sp., xl Force, comparative insignificance of, in modern physics, 82 Freedom, Sp.'s definition of, 159 Free-will, Sp. on, 205 Frohschammer, Prof. J., on Sp., xli Froude, J. A., his essay on Sp., xxxv, 404 /^ ALTON, F., on Generic Images, ^^ 201 Garnett, R., publication by him of Shelley's diary, xx 460 INDEX. GEO Geometrical method, Sp. 's purpose in using, 216 Geometry, non-Euclidean, bearing of, on Sp.'s theory of Attributes, 174 Gersonides (Levi ben Gerson), most Aristotelian of Jewish philosophers, 93 — his doctrine of immortality, 291 Geulinx, Arnold, on occasional causes, 193 Gfrorer, A., his ed. of Sp., xvii Gibbon, Edward, alludes to Sp., xxxiv Ginsberg, Dr. Hugo, his ed. of Sp., xviii God, in what sense cause of evil, &c., 53 — human affections not to be ascribed to, 54 — theory of knowledge and love of, in the essay De Deo et Honine, 91 — opinions of Maimonides concern- ing, 94 — 'things immediately produced by,' 108 — Motion and Understanding called Sons of, by Sp. {De Deo et Homine), 109 — perfection of, how understood by Sp., 136, 142 — Sp.'s definition of, 159 — freedom and omnipotence of, 343 — will and understanding not predic- able of, 344 ■ — not subject to a moral rule, 345 — summary of Sp.'s conception of, 352 — ' infinite understanding ' of, what ? 353 — love of, in self-understanding, 286 — the intellectual love of, 300 — intellectual love of, cannot be de- stroyed, 303 Goethe, J. W. von, Sp.'s iniluence on him, 395 Good, the chief, Sp.'s conception of, 125 — Sp.'s definition of, 251 — distinction of, from right, 325 Government as defined by Sp., 328 — Sp. and Hobbes on origin of, 315, 316, 318 — perfection of, 33 1 — federal, Sp. on, 334 Gratz, Dr. H., his Geschichteder ynden used and cited, ch. i. passim — his opinion that Sp. was born in Spain, 78, ;/. — his remarks on history of Kabbalah, 97, lOI IDE Gurdon, Brampton, Boyle lecturer, his criticism on Sp., xxxiii, 384 Guyau, M., on Sp., xli TLTALLAM, H., on Sp., xxxv -*■-*- Hann, Dr. F. G., on Descartes and Spinoza, xl Harmony, pre-established, 192 Hartmann, Eduard von, his criticism on Sp., 399 Hate, Sp.'s definition of, 226 — and derived emotions, always Tjad, 263 Hattem, Pontiaan van, his Spinozist mysticism, 376 Hegel, G. W. F., his criticism on Sp., 398 Heine, Heinrich, on Sp. and modern theology, xl — celebrated Sp., 397 Helvetius (J. F. Schweitzer), (1625- 1709), alchemist, his supposed pro- duction of gold, 64 Herder, J. G., his dialogues on Sp., 393 Hobbes, Thomas, of Malmesbury, Sp.'s master in politics, 88 — mention of, by Sp., 313 — his political system compared with Sp.'s, 314 — agreement with Sp. as to supre- macy of State, 319 Hodgson, Shadworth H., on Causa- tion, cited, 161 ' Homo Politicus ' (pseudonymous book), 312 Howe, John, his criticism on Sp., 383 Hume, David, his ' Idea of a Perfect Commonwealth,' 322 — ignored Sp., 382 Huxley, T. H., on Berkeley, cited, 170 Hu)-gens, Christian, his just estimate of the labour still awaiting scientific discoverers, 75 T BN EZRA, his biblical criticism, 93 — sometimes deliberately reticent or obscure, ib. n. Ibn-CJebirol. See Avicebron. Idea, Sp.'s use of the word, 131 — ideae, 133 — • ambiguous use of the word by Sp., 196, 199 — Sp's. use of the term in relation to the eternity of the mind, 297 INDEX. 461 IDE Idealism, implicit, of Sp., 173, 175, 179 Ideas, some necessarily adequate, 199 Identity of person, Sp.'s remarks on, 263 Images, generic, Sp. on, 201 Imagination, distinguished from Under- standing, 144 Immortality, Peripatetic and Averroist theories of, 290 — popular opinion of, 306 Iinposteurs, Traitc dcs irois, xxiii Infinite Modes, 165, 187 Infinity, Sp.'s doctrine of, 180 Innes, Alexander, professes on title- page to criticize Sp., and does not, xxxiv TACOBI, F. H., his statement as to ^ Sp. 's clearness, 178 — his discussion of Sp. with Lessing, 391 Janet, Paul, on Sp., xli, 405 — his translation of Sp. De Deo, Sec, xxxix Jans, Dinah, Hattemist, 376 Jellinek, Dr. G., on Goethe and Sp.,. xli Jesus, son of Sirach, on finality in philosophy, 408 Jews, establishment of, in Nether- lands, 3 — their settlement recognized by law, 5 — their chief men at Amsterdam, 6 — censure and final excommunication of Sp. by synagogue of Amsterdam, 17 — success of Sabbatai Zevi's impos- ture, 28 Joel, Dr. M., of Breslau, on Sp.'s Jewish forerunners, xxxix — his monographs on medieval Jewish philosophy, cited, 90, 95, 97 Judah, the Believer (Don Lope de Vera, &c.), Spanish convert to Judaism, burnt 1644 ; his constancy mentioned by Sp., 78 T<^ Ar.r.ALAII, prevalence of, in ^ Sp.'s time, 10 — question of its influence on .Sp., 98 — ancient sources of, 99 — supposed allusions to, by Sp., 100 LES Kabbalists of Sp.'s time, his opinion of them, 99 Kalisch, Dr. M. M., on Sp., xl Kant, Immanuel, the value of his work, 83 — on possible subjectivity of Ding an sich, cited, 176 — difference of his view of time and space from Sp.s', 185 — neglected Sp., 394 Kerckkrinck, Theodore, physician, of Amsterdam, ;;/. Clara Maria van den Ende, supposed a rival of Sp., 13 Kirchmann, J. H. von, his trapslation of Sp., xxi — his commentary on Sp., xxxviii Ivnowledge, degrees of, enumerated by Sp., 126 — organic limits of, 197 — degrees of (Eth. Pt. II.), 201 Knowledge, power of, towards control- ling passions, 287 — ' under the form of eternity, ' 288 Kortholt, Sebastian, his notice of Sp , XXV J AND, Prof. J. P. N., his republica- tion of Dutch letters of Sp., xvii — his monograph on Sp., xxxviii, 405 Langenhert, Caspar, on Sp., xxix Lavater, Lewis, of Zurich, author of (inter ah) a book Dc spcdris, etc., d. 1585, cited by unknown writer toSp., 61 Law, general nature of, 261 — Positive, 325 — duty of obeying, 328 Leenhof, Frederick van, his Spinozistic heresy, 377 Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von, correspondence with Sp. on optics, 72 — recommended to Sp. by Tschirn- hausen, 72 — visits Sp. , 72 — thought an infallible scientific method possible, 81 — his correction of Descartes' error as to motion, 112, n. — his note on Sp.'s 'eternal things,' 151, ;/. — on pre-estaljlishod iiaiiuuny, 193 — his depreciation of Sp., 380 Lessing, G. E., his study of Sp., 390 462 INDEX. LES Lessing, G. E., his conversation with Jacobi on Sp., 391 Lewes, G. H., on Sp., in Hist, of Phil. XXXV — advanced knowledge of Sp. in Eng- land, 404 — on Causation, cited, 161 Lewis, Sir Geo. Cornewall, on acquies- cence in established governments, 332 Life, Mr. H. Spencer's definition of, 222 Linde, Dr. A. van der, his Bibliography of Sp., XV Locke, John, his slight knowledge of Sp., 381 Lotsy, M. C, his monograph on Sp., XXX vii Love, Sp.'s definition of, 226 — of God in self-understanding, 286 the intellectual, 300 Lucas, biographer of Sp., his life of Sp., xxiii — his anecdote of Sp. 's equanimity, qu, whether made up from Epictetus, 42 TV/TACCALL, W., translator of Tract. ^^ Pol. XX Machiavelli, Niccolo, Sp.'s remarks on his Prince, 332 Mahometanism, no schism in, according to Sp., 79 Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon), Sp.'s relation to him, 93 — philosophical doctrines in his ' More Nebuchim,' 94 — on immortality, 290 Maine, Sir Henry Sumner, his correc- tion of the theory of sovereignty, 320 Manasseh ben Israel, his work and character, 6 Marranos, persecution of, and founda- tion of Jewish settlement in Nether- lands by, 2, 3 Mastricht or Maestrirht, Petrus van, early critic of Cartesians and Sp., XXX Materialist, in what sense Sp. can be called, 169, n. Matter, one of Sp. 's ' eternal things, ' — Cartesian definition of, 115 Maurice, F. D. , his admiration for Sp., 404 MUL Maxwell, James Clerk, his criticism of Cartesian material substance, 115 Memory, Sp.'s definition of, 196 Mendelssohn, Moses, Lessing's and Jacobi 's correspondence with, 390, 391 Method, object and definition of, in De Int. Em. 134 Meyer, Dr. Lewis, of Amsterdam ; edits Sp.'s Prindpia Philosophiae and Cogitata Metaphysica, 30 — present at Sp. 's death, 39 Middleton, C. S., published fragment of Shelley's translation from Sp., xx, 403 Milman, H. H., on Sp., xxxv Mind, the only certain reality, 176 — and Matter, the giilf betweep them, 191 — attempts to explain correspondence, 192 — human, composite, 195 eternity of, 280 sqq. its knowledge of the body * under the form of eternity,' 297 — eternity of, paired with capacity of body, 303 Mode, Sp.'s definition of, 159 Modes of Substance, 164 — the Infinite, of Sp.'s system, 152, 165, 187 Monarchy, Sp. 's ideal scheme of, 333 Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, Baron de, allusion to Sp.'s letters by, 389 Morality, essentially social in Sp.'s \'iew, 86 — social character of, 255 — not dependent on philosophy, 285 — Positive, what, 325 not distinctly recognized by Sp., 326 — transcendental, 347 'More Nebuchim,' of Maimonides, cited, 94, loi Morteira, Saul Levi, Sp.'s reputed teacher, 6 Moses of Cordova, passage of his Kabbalistic commentary supposed to be referred to by Sp., 100 Motion, Cartesian theory of, 109 sqq. — quantity of, assumed constant by Descartes and Sp., no — one of Sp.'s ' eternal things,' 152 Miiller, Johannes, on Sp.'s account of the passions, 216 INDEX. 463 NAT TsJATURE, state of, 261, 327 -'-^ — Law of, 324 Necessity, doctrine of, its advantages, according to Sp., 210 Neustadt i^?), common friend of Sp. and L. van Velthuysen, 71 New Christians : Jewish converts in Spain so called, 2 — persecution of, 2 ■ — exodus to Netherlands, 3 Nominalism of Sp., 49, 146, 151 Nourrisson, E., on Sp., xli Novalis (F. von Hardenberg), cele- brated Sp., 397 Number, Sp.'s account of, 181 QBJECTIVE, meaning of term in Sp.'s time, 128, n. Oldenburg, Henry, first secretary of Royal Society, 25 — his correspondence with Sp. : va- liant in exhorting Sp. to publish his works, 26 — correspondence with Sp. on the Resurrection, etc., 366 Omens, letter of Sp. concerning, 57 Omnipotence, involves necessity ac- cording to Sp., 343 ' Opera Posthuma ' of Sp. , their publi- cation, 40 — condemned by authority, 41 Orobio, Isaac, de Castro, Spanish - Jewish physician : forwards letter of Lambert van Velthuysen to Sp., 65 — anti-Spinozist 375 pAIN, Sp.'s definition of, 224 -•- — as such, always bad ace. to Sp., 252 Pantheism, a vague term, 355 Passions, Sp.'s theory of, 214 sijq. Paulus, H. E. G., his ed. of Sp., xvii Perception, no definite theory of, in Sp., 212 Perfection, identified with reality by Sp., 166 — Sp.'s definition of, 250 Personality of God, Sp. on, 354 Philosophy, successive schools in what sense continuous, 120 — general aim of, according toSp., 122 — separation of, from faith by Sp., 341 — Sp.'s system of. See Spinoza (Philosophy) Pleasure, Sp.'s definition of, 224 SCH Pleasure, as such, always good ace. to Sp., 252 Polignac, Cardinal de, refutes Sp., 387 Politics, Hobbes' and Sp.'s theory of, 314. &c. — See Spinoza (Theoiy of Politics). Prophecy, Sp. 's view of, 360 Prat, J. G., his translation of Sp. in progress, xxi. "D AMSAY, Andrew Michael, Cheva- lier, on Sp., xxxiii. Rapp, Christopher, 312, n. Read, Carveth, cited, 161 Reason, the life according to, 255 — supremacy of, in Sp. 's system, 258 — source of active emotions, 267 Rehorn, Dr. K., on Lessing and Sp , xli Religion, what Sp. understood by it, 69 — consists in obedience, according to Sp., 341, 368 Remonstrants, Sp. 's life with, about the time of his excommunication, 17, 22 Renan, Ernest, on Sp., xxxviii, 405 Resurrection of Jesus Christ, Sp. on, 367 Reus y Bahamonde, E., his translation of Tract. Theo..-pol, xxii Revelation, private, not to be alleged against the law, 319 — object of, according to Sp., 341,359 — nature and authority of, 360 — difficulty in ascertaining Sp.'s real view of, 363 — to Christ, peculiar, 365 Right, natural, what, 260 — in Sp.'s sense, 324, 327 Rijcke, Theodore, notice of Sp. by, xxix Robinson, T. Crabb, anecdote of Cole- ridge and Sp. reported by, 401 CABBATAI ZEVI, of Smyrna, pseudo-Messiah, after deceiving many, turned Turk, 28 Saisset, E., his translation of Sp., xxi — on Sp., xxxviii, 404 Sarchi, Carlo, his translation of Tract. TItcol.-fol., xxii Savigny, Fr. Carl von, cited for model definition, 148 Schaarschmidt, Prof C, his ed. of Sp. Dc Deo, &c., xxxix Schelling, F. W. J. von, his criticism on Sp., 398 Schleiermacher, F. E. D., celebrated Sp., 397 464 iMdex. SCH Schopenhauer, Arthur, his criticism on Sp., 399 Schweitzer, J. F. See Helvetius Science and religion, 370 Self-conservation, in what sense first law of moral nature with Sp. , 86 — as first spring of action, 216 — as foundation of virtue, 253 Serrano, Gonzales, translator of Auer- bach's Spinoza, -xxi Shelley, Percy Bysshe, began transla- tion of Traciatus Theol.-poL, xx, 403 Sigwart, H.C. W., on Spinozism, xxxvii Sigwart, Prof. Chr., his translation of Sp. De Deo, &c., xxxix — his opinion as to Sp.'s 'eternal things' considered, 151 Society necessary to man, 259 — foundations of, 260 Sorley, W. R., on Sp. and Jewish mediteval philosophy, xxxix Sovereignty, Hobbes and Sp. on, 315 Spencer, Herbert, coincidence with Descartes in illustration of relativity of motion, no — his view of the test of truth com- pared with Sp.'s, 130 — on meaning of existence, 219 — his definition of life, 222 — on pleasure and pain, 224 Spiick, van der, Spinoza's landlord at the Hague, 40, 42 Spinoza, Baruch or Benedict de : — Biography : Portraits of Sp. , xxvi His birth and parentage, i His early studies at Amsterdam, II Latin learnt from Van den Ende ; knowledge of languages, 12 Story of Spinoza's love for his daughter, 13 Censured by synagogue, 17 Attempt on his life, 17 Excommunication, 17 Civil sentence of banishment (?), 20 His conduct in partition of inlierit- ance, 21 Work as optician and intended scientific writings, 21 Friendship wath Simon de \'ries ; declines bequest from him, 23 — with Dr. J. r)resser, 24 — with H. Oldenburg, and cor- respondence, 25-29 Publication of the ' Principia Phi- SPI losophiae ' and ' Cogitata Meta- physica, ' 30 Publication of ' Tractatus Theolo- gico-politicus,' 3 I Declines invitation to professorship at Heidelberg, 35 Visit to thi French camp in the invasion of 1672, and danger on return, 36 Arrangements for publication of Ethics broken off, 38 His last illness and death, 39, His manner of life, 41 Letters and Writings : List o; works, xvi Modern editions of, xvii Translations of, xix ' Principia Philosophiae,' &c., pub- lished, 30 ' Tractatus Theologico - politicus ' published, 31 ' Opera Posthuma ' published, 40 Correspondence with Oldenburg, 25-29 — with William van BIyenbergh, 46 — with P. Balling, 57 — with unknown writer, on ghosts, 59. — with ^'elthuysen through Isaac Orobio, 65 — with Velthuysen directly, as to publication of former letters, 71 — with Leibnitz, 72 — with Tschirnhausen, 73 — with Albert Burgh, 75 Letter to J. Jellis on alleged con- version of silver into gold, 64 The essay Of God and A/an, its date and character, how far Car- tesian, 90 Contrasts to Sp. 's later work, 91,92 Philosophy : Slight acquaintance with ancient philosophy, 64 Reconciliation of God's freedom and moral law w'ith necessity of things, 67 Leading ideas : Unity and uniformity of nature, 84 Monism, 86 Self-maintaining effort, 86 Relation to Jewish philosophers : Generally^ 87 INLaimonides, Ibn-Ezra, Gerson- ides, 93 INDEX. 46: SPI Chasdai Creskas, 95 Influence of Kabbalah denied, 98 sqq. Relation to Giordano Bruno, 103 Adoption from Descartes of doc- trine of Conservation of Motion, 108 sqq. Suggestion of modem physical ideas in his language, 113 Criticism of Cartesian physics, 116 Does not prophesy theory of evo- lution, 117 Derivation of the principle of self- conservation from Descartes, 117 Divergence from Cartesian dual- ism, 119 Relation of the ' De Intellectus Emendatione' to the Ethics, 121 His conception of the chief good in De. Int. Em., 125 The degrees of knowledge, 126 The test of truth 128-9 Aims and problems of doctrine of Method, 135 Complexity of philosophical pro- blems underrated, 140 Theory of definition, 146 ' Eternal things,' 150 Endeavour to put new life into old terms, 156 Geometrical form of exposition, 157 Choice of geometrical form, 157 Definitions of Part I. of Ethics, 159 View of causation, 160 Theory of causation, 161 Of Attributes, 163 Modes, what, 165 Parallelism of Attributes, 167 /T How far idealist ? 175 Infinity, time, measurable space, 181 Part II. of ^MzVj- considered, 194 sqq. Correspondence of human body and mind, 194 Association of ideas and memory, 196 Determinism, 202 Nature of free-will, 208 Absence of theory of perception, 212 The passions (Part III. oi Ethics) : springs of action, 216 Definition of desire, 221 Of pleasure and pain, 224 Relation to Darwinism, 223 SPI Treatment of compound emotions, 229 Definitions of the emotions, 233 Part IV. of Ethics : notions of perfection and imperfection, 245, 250 _ Leading ethical ideas, 253 Resemblances to Stoicism, 255 Virtue founded on self-mainte- nance, 257 Its intellectual character, 258 Social grounds of morality, 259 Society and law, 260 Useful and hurtful emotions, 262 Enjoyment of life, 264 Passive and active emotions, 266 The free man, 268 Collection of maxims, 271 Part V. of Ethics, 278 Mastery of the passions, 280, 283 Power of knowledge, 287 Knowledge ' under the form of eternity,' 288 Eternity of the mind, 292 Sp's. use of idea in relation to this doctrine, 297 Intellectual love of God, 300 Excellence of body and mind, 303 Virtue and blessedness, 306 Theory of Politics : Affinity to English school, 310 Views on practical legislation, 313 Theory of sovereignty and govern- ment, 316 Ecclesiastical claims against State disallowed, 319 Scientific treatment of political facts, 323 General ethico-legal ideas, 325 ' Natural right ' and ' state of nature,' 327 Limits of government, 328 The best government, 331 Ideal monarchy, 333 Aristocracy, 333 Democracy, 336 Theology : Necessity of God's operations, 344 Sp.'s relation to popular notions of Deity, 346 Rejection of Final Causes, 348 Difference in conception of God from orthodox theolog}', 353 The Mosaic revelation, 358 Scope of revelation, 359 Distinction of Christ from Moses and prophets, 365 n H 466 INDEX. SPI The Resurrection not literally accepted, 367 Sp.'s view of practical religion, 368 Modern Criticism, etc. : Early attacks on Sp. in Nether- lands, 375 Influence on mystical sects in Reformed Church, 377 Cartesians and Leibnitz, 380 England : Berkeley and English school, 381 Theological criticism, 383 Fiance : Theologians and Ency- clopaedists, 3S6 Voltaire, 387 Boulainvilliers, 388 Germany : Lessing's appreciation, 391 Goethe, 395 Auerbach, 397 ^Modern German philosophy, 398 English revival : Coleridge, 400 Recent study in England and France, 404 Study and commemoration in Holland, 405 Spruyt, C. B., his critique of Dr. Van Vloten and Sp., xxxvi Spy Nozy, anecdote of Coleridge con- cerning, 400 State, formation and power of the, 315, 316 — supremacy of, 318 — limits of its power, 328, 330 Stewart, Dugald, on Sp., xxxiv Stoicism, resemblance of Sp.'s ethical doctrine to, 88, 225 Stoics, self-preservation recognized as first impulse by, 117, n. — materialism of, mentioned by Sp, , 140 — resemblances to Sp. in their ethics, 255 — coincidence of Sp. with, 307 Stolle, Gottlieb, his information of Sp., XXV Stoupe, Col., his account of Sp., xxv Subject and object, division of, 190 Subjective, meaning of term in Sp.'s time, 128, n. Substance, Sp.'s definition of, 159 Swedenborg, Emanuel, his alleged bor- rowing from Sp., 378 Sympathy, emotions induced by, 228 HTAINE, Hippolyte-Adolphe, his ac- cordance with Sp. , 405 UNS Teleology, difficulties of, 246 — Sp. differs from Stoics on, 255 Theology, natural, some difficulties of 248 — Sp. on. Sec Spinoza (Theology) Thing, what we mean by, 219 Thought, as one of known Attributes, 164, 167 — really swallows up other Attributes, 173, 175. 179 Time, Sp.'s account of, iSi — rational knowledge independent of, in Sp.'s view, 184 — eternity has no relation to, 294 — existence out of, an unmeaning ex- pression, 299 Toland, John, his remarks on Sp., 385 ' Tractatus Theologico-politicus,' publi- cation and effect of, 31 — Sp. attempted to stop translation of, 33 — condemned by authority, 34 — Sp.'s position in, 341 'Tractatus Politicus,' Sp.'s, account of, liosqq. Treaties, obligation of, 330 Trendelenburg, Adolf,his essays on Sp., xxxvii — on Sp.'s 'eternal things,' 151 — on Causation, cited, 161 Truth, the test of, 128 Tschirnhausen (Ehrenfried Walter von) Bohemian nobleman, worker in science and optics, friend of Sp. , 73 — borrowed largely from Sp. , 74 — metaphysical correspondence with Sp., 74 — his correspondence with Sp. on Car- tesian physics, 114 — criticizes Sp.'s theory of Attributes, 171 Turbiglio, Sebastiano, his monograph on Sp., xxxviii T TNDERSTANDING, its distinction ^ from Imagination fundamental, 144 Uniformity of nature, leading principle whh Sp., 136, 142 Universals, Sp.'s treatment of, 201 Universe, a conception siii generis. Unseen worlds, involved in Sp.'s Attri- butes, 167, 174 INDEX. 467 V. H. ■y. H. See De la Court. * Veldhuysen or Velthuysen, Dr. Lambert van, of Utrecht ; his con- troversial letter on ' Tractatus Theo- logico-politicus,' 65 — subsequent letter of Sp. to him on proposed publication thereof, with answer, 71 — enlarges and publishes his arguments against ' Tractatus Theologico-poli- ticus ' independently, 71 Vera, Don Lope de, y Alarcon de San Clemente (Judah the Believer), his conversion to Judaism and martyr- dom, 78 Virtue, essentially active, 257 — its own reward, 306 Vloten, Dr. J. van, his work on Sp., XXXV, 405 Voltaire, his various remarks on Sp., 387 ZOH Vries, Gerard de, his allusions to Sp., XXX VyACHTER, J. E., his attempt to find Kabbalism in Sp. 98 Waeyen, J. van der, stated to criticize Sp., xxxi Weidner, J. J., early critic of Sp., xxx Willis, Dr. R., his book on Sp., xix Witte, Henning, his notice of Sp., xxx Women, Sp. on their political capacity, 337 Wordsworth, William, Coleridge's talk with him about Sp., 400 — influence of Coleridge's Spinozism on, 402 VOHAR, the Kabbalistic book so called, a forgery, 100, ib. note -9 LONDON : PRINTF.D BY SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STUEF.T SQfARE ANP PAKLIAMENT STREET ^ BINDING SECT, m S m PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY 3 ^^ofj Pollock, (sir) Frederick, bart. py Spinoza. 