None
840,843.845-348 Compounds, Wurtz's method to pre- vent corrosion, 183, 828, 829. 839 Changes in cast iron from fresh- and sea- water exposure, 828, 824, 829, 830, 838, 860 Changes in paints, pigments, 56, 76, 92, 95, 265-2(57, 411-413 Coal, cinder, and soil corrosion, 120, 161, 162, 378, 379, 382 Concrete corrosion, 154-168, 889, 895 Corroding effect of water in boilers, 375 Cost of water-pipe coatings, 124, 126 " " galvanizing, 177, 180 " " painting, 19, 20; by spray, 804- 806 •• " sand-blasting. 273, 274 Crocus, 26 Crystalline white lead, 72. 77. 88 Cubic feet and weight of gases, 411 Corrosion: Admiralty, Board of Trade, Lloyd's, Thwait's rules, 824. 825. 331 alloys, aluminum, arsenic, etc., 162, 401, 402, 405-407 anchors and chains, 334 anti -corrosive and anti-fouling paints, 400-407 boiler sheets and rivets, 888, 884, 849 ** metal dissolved, 848 bridge cables and anchorages, 816, 389-392. 897, 398 cannon. 385 car-wheels, cold-rolled iron, 827, 828 cast iron, wrought iron, steel, rate, 822, 323. 830-832 cast-iron cubes, 324, 326. 881 central- station heating-pipes, 847, 348, 374. 375 chill-irons. 828, 829 cold short, hot short, and laminated irons, 327, 832 docks, piles, water-gates, 824-826 Faraday's law, 863, 388, 889. 893 INDEX, 425 Corrosion: by stress. 848-858 floor and sidewalk beams, ICl, 268- 270, 274, 884 French torpedo-boats, 848, 846, 406 from electrolysis, 879-881 " sewage, 264, 828, 880 gas- and water-pipes, 161, 261. 847 Mambuchen's rapid method, 859-869 hardened and burnt steel, 861, 868- 868 how induced. 2(^28, 156, 157, 261, 840, 843, 860-364 how prevented. 27, 134, 167, 170, 180. 269. 270. 824. 828, 829, 889, 845, 846. 879. 889. 891, 896 of metals in contact, 262, 264. 340- 842 of metals in oils, 414 Corrosion: mine pipes. 889 New York Elevated Railway, 261. 295-297 Peoria water stand-pipe, 152, 153. 874-878 steel grillage, anchorage metal, 154. 158-160 stray electric currents, 886-889 St. Lawrence River Bridge, 298, 842 868 Tay Bridge, 848 rag bolts, 392 teerails. cross-ties, 886-838, 886 tin roofs. 38. 89. 48. 44, 55. 183 tunnel-shields, metal, 157, 158. 824. 327. 835, 389 United States Navy Yard practice, 268, 264 D. Dangerous paints, 8, 110, 120, 154, 203, 204, 306 Dangers from electrolysis in suspen- sion bridges, 896, 397 Darkening of paint, 10, 40; white lead, 77, 78 Davis's silicate coating, 328, 839, 396 Dead oil in pipe coatings, 127, 128 Dead-wood turpentine, 191 Decay of paint, 8, 9, 13. 83, 35, 92, 93, ' 120, 121. 162, 261-270. 818 Decomposition of iron in corrosion, 156. 157 Delhi column, 170, 171. (Bower- Barflf.) Designing paint, 6. 16, 817, 318 Dish test for paint, 283-285 Distillation of coal-tar oils, 124, 126. 127 Distillation of turpentine, 127-134 Drying of linseed oil. 131, 139, 218, 220. 223, 235. 236, 238; under glass, 237 Drying of sulphuric-acid oils, 7, 230, 231 Driers, drying of paints, 7, 10, 43, 51, 139, 140 Dr. Angus Smith's anti-corrosive coat- ing^ 124-127. 287. 394 Dr. Dudley's boiled -oil coating. 14 " ** paint formula, 42 * * "Wurtz's anti- corrosive process, 180, 339 Durable metal coatuigs. 287, 297, 800, E. Effect of driers, dead oil, 95, 114, 229. 235. 803 Effect of heat on boiling, drying oil and paints, 8. 116, 227. 236, 287, 239. 246. 247. 802, 803, 308 Effect of heat and hydric- sulphide on paint, 54, 77, 80, 94, 116, 140, 186, 287-291, 298. 302, 303 Effect of sea-air. sea -water, 264, 287- 294. 324, 334. 335, 340-344, 400-407 Effect of sewage, condensation water, 264, 830 Effect of strain in corrosion, 849-352 *' " spray painting, frost, 11, 246, 808 Efflorescence on brick walls, 168, 164 Eiffel, M., rag-bolt, 392 Electrolytic action in paint, 31, 35, 36, 120, 149, 155, 318, 302 Electrolytic paints, 146, 878 white lead, 10, 71-73 Electrolysis, 371-399; action, 363; de- fined, 370 Electrolysis in buildings, 371; bridges, cables, 373, 387-393 Electrolysis, coatings, 373, 389-391, 396, 899 Electrolysis in concrete conduits, 395 Faraday's law, 363, 392; rate of, 393 Electrolysis in gas-pipes, 384; water- pipes, 879, 383, 396 Electrolysis, Hambuchen's rapid ac- tion, 859-369 Electrolysis in street tee-rails, 386-388 " in telephone cables, 381, 385, 388 Electrolysis, resistance of pipe joints, 396 426 INDEX, Electrolysis, Wftshington Naval Ob- servatory, 873 Electro-chemical action for preventing corrosion, lUO-182, 328, 880, 840, 848 Eleetro-chemical action of metals in contact, 260, 264. 340-842 Elcctro-cbemical alloys, 401-407 •* *' elements, 181 " " " Berzelius', 420 Electric currents, divided, stray, 880, 886, 899 Electric currents, lump and shunt of, 872,888 Electric voltages in corrosion, 872, 877, 879, 880, 886-888, 894, 896 Electric-furnace graphite, 142-144 Electro - zincing processes, solutiona^ 174, 176, 179. 180 Electro-motive force in zinc batteries, 855 Electro-motive force In corrosion, 854 " " ** metal under strain, 852, 858 Enamel paints. 116, 121, 180, 818-831 Engineers' indifference to cleaning metal 20-26, 275. 276 Euphorbium, anti-corrosive coatings^ 254-256, 891 Essential elements in a good paint, 1, 20-22, 117 P. Fading of paint, 10, 40 Failure of cement coatings, 152, 154 157, 889, 890, 892, 896 Failure of paint coatings, 12, 20, 54-5. 297, 310-812. 816 Failure of water-pipe coatings, 182 Fatty turpentine, 199 •• acids, oils, solvents, 10, 78, 218, 220. 287, 288, 240, 250, 417, 418 Feldspar, 188: refractive power. 8 Ferredor paint (English), 290, 814; see also Crosley's, Armor-scale, Lenders and Torbay's, 814, 815 Ferric-paint test, 279-808 Fibrin, animal and vegetable, 418 Flake graphite, 19. 186-138; see Graphite Floor-beam corrosion, 277, 278 Flax plant, linseed, analysis, etc, 211- 221 Formulfld for caustic compounds, 377, 278 FormulflB for enamels. 819, 820 ** " non-corrosive cement, 368 '* '* paints, 42, 295. 896 •' Japan driers. 208-210 Fossil-resins, 111-118, 199, 224, 242, 808 ♦• synthetical, 118 *' varnishes, marine paint, 818-820. 821, 400-407 French white lead, zinc oxide, 66, 91 " ochre, 42, 812 Fugitive colors, 6, 265, 266 Fulton's flake whites, 66-69 Furnace slags, slag cement, mineral- wood slag, 146, 147, 151 G. Galvanizing, hot and cold processes, 172-174, 180 Galvanized iron paints peel, 11, 174, 204 " •* cost, 177; corrosion, 174, 175. 178 Galvanized iron, durability, 175, 181- 188 Galvanized iron, porosity, 173 ; protec- tion, 175, 176 Galvanized iron, hardness, thickness, 176. 178. 179 Galvanized iron wires, loss of strength, 17a-180 Galvanized iron, painting with bisul- phide of carbon, 207 Galvanic action in cements, 154 '• " " different metals in contact, 380, 840, 341, 344 Galvanic action in metal, oxide, pig- ments, 186. 245. 868 Gasolene torch, burning off paint with, 277, 278 Gas-tank, coal-tar coating, 183, 165 Gas coal-tar water-pipe coatings, 287- 291, 396 Gas and water-pipe corrosion, elec- trolysis. 175, 376-886, 892, 898 Gas-holder, spray-painting, 804 Gilsonite. 105 Glass, refractive power, 8 " drying oil under, 289 Glycerine, glycerine ether, 86, 218, 220. 287, 238, 250, 417, 418 Graphite, analysis. 187 ; importation. 17 Gypsum, 6. 40. 188, 192, 269, 408. 418 Graphite, Acheson's electric, 142-144 INDEX, 427 Graphite paint, 19. 52, 186-144, 281, 285. 291-2«4. 297, 40«. 408 Graphite paint tests, 140-142 Graphite, electro -negative character, 146 Graphitic iron in corrosion, 829, 888 Graphite,slow driers, 297; varieties, 186 H. Hambuchen's rapid corrosion, 859-869 Heat influence on paint. 116. 227. 286, 237, 289, 246, 247, 302, 808, 808 Hematite ores and pigments, 80-85 Hydrate of lead, hydrated carbonates, 4. 5. 46, 61, 66. 71. 74, 75 Hydraulic cement, analysis of, 149, 150 ** coating, water-pipes, 153, 896 Hydraulic cracking, setting, strength, 150-154 Hydraulic Portland and slag cements, 150, 151, 157, 290 Hydraulic protecting metal, 158, 154, 157-160, 164, 165, 395 Hydraulic cement porosity, 166-157,896 Hydraulic cement, effect of sulphur, iron sulphide in, 156, 157, 164, 171 Hydraulie cement, Norton's experi- ments, 158, 159 Hydraulic cement, marine coatings. 152 *' " rendering, 168, 162- 165 Hydraulic cement, waterproofing, 162 *' " use for steel grill- affe, 158. 154, 158-160 Hydraulic cement, use in tunnels, 159, 160 Hydric-sulphide effect on paint, 64, 80, 140, 186, 287-291 Hydrogen evolved in corrosion, 28, 89, 261, 354 Immersion test for paints, 279-284 Inert pigments, 35, 184-192, 286, 408, 409 Indian red, Venetian red. 85, 37, 40, 41 Influences that affect paints, 20-26, 275, 276, 800-808, 411. 417, 418 Insulating paints, 146, 878 Inspectors and engineers, cleaning of metal, 20-26, 275 276 Iodine and saponiflcation numbers for oils, 248 ■ Iron column at Delhi, 170, 171 Iron, changes by corrosion, 28, 824, 826, 829, 380, 334, 3b7. 888, 842, 392 Iron, ores, oxides, analyses, qualities. 2&-40 Iron-oxide pigments, condensed moist- ure gases, 36 Iron-oxide pigments, durability. 6, 38 ** " mixing defects. 37 Iron porosity in bars, ingots, tyres, 884 " oxide pigments. 30-38, 188, 2wl. 282, 284. 291-298, 813-815, 406, 409, 410, 412, 419 Japan driers, formulae, 201-208 " bung-hole driers, 209,210, 234. 238, 246 Japan driers, baked coatings, 119-122 Japanese and Chinese natural var- nishes. 256-260 Japanese and Chinese lacquers. 279 Kaolin (terra alba), 190 Kauri, fossil-resin coatings, 112, 113, 401-404 Kerosene, mineral oils, 105 Knudson, A. A., electrolysis of street tee- rails, 886, 387 Kirk wood, James E., coating cast-iron water-pipes, 123 Labor cost in paint, 19, 21, 22 Lacquers, 113. 250-260, 279 Lampblacks. 5, 16, 18. 49, 50, 98-102 acids in, 98. 100 Lampblacks, bleaching:, 102; combus- tion by, 101; durability, 102. 155, 161 Lampbhwk mixtures, 49, 50, 281, 408. 419 428 INDEX. Lampblacks, slow driers. 60, 100, 103 Lead ores, analysis, 45, 46 ; amount corroded, 69 Lead carbonate, chlorate, 45, 47, 60, 61 66, 67. 74, 75, 232 Lead, hydrate and protoxide, 4C, 60, 66, 71, 74. 75 Lead pigments, 48, 74, 75, 408, 412 adulterants, 67, 68, 66, 77-80 Lead, electrolytic white. 70, 72, 78 *• "Old Dutch Process" white, 61-76 Lead, pulp white, 68 •* sublimed white, 88-88 " soap, 10, 49, 74, 75, 78, 86, 285, 287, 238. 264, 266 Lead sulphide and sulphate, 86, 46, 66, 94. 95 Light refracting of pigments, 8. 4, 6 Linoleic, linolenic, and isolinoleic acids, 219. 220, 226, 237, 418 Linoleate of lead. 284, 289 Linoleum, 94, 280, 288 Linseed, analysis of, 216, 217 ; seed and sources of supply, 211, 218, 216 Linseed extraction processes. 220 ; in- spection, 219 ; yield of oU, 218 Linseed fatty acids, 220 in paint pastes, 418, 419 tests, 240-247 ; transparency, 64 Linseed, unripe seed, 222, 228, 235, 289, 242, 814 Linseed, sulphur effects on, 228 Linseed-oil, 18; analysis, 220 adulterations, 219, 240, 242, 248.814 Linseed-oil, boiling data, 127-129, 220- 246 Linseed-oil, bung-hole boiled, 209, 210, 288, 234. 246 Linseed-oil, coloring power, 8 driers, 225-285 drying, 131, 139, 218-228, 235-289 Litharge analysis, 69 ; driers and qualities. 17, 47-49, 226. 282, 408 Lithogen silicate paint test, 291-298 Lithopone, 94. 95 186, ^8, 409 Lucol, 249-251, 297, 417 Maize, grain oils, 79. 228 Manganese driers, 41, 48, 206, 226, 227, 232, 234, 238 Manganese dioxide, analysis, 227; paint, 281 Maltha paints, failure. 110, 297 Marine alloys and paints. 96, 400-407 Marl analysis, 190 Mastic resin varnishes, 117. 391 Masonry waterproofing. 164. 165 Menhaden, fish, and marine animal oils, 224. 242. 243. 251 Metallic salt corrosion. 89, 152, 177, 236 263, 264, 886. 343, 344, 362, 379, 381, 395 Metallic salt base of pigments, 410, 420 Merrimac River pollution, 328 ** Chain Bridge paint, 102 Mineral wool, 147 wax. 109 *' rubber paint. 289, 297 pipe dips, 129, 180 Mineral -oil effects tests for, 47, 57, 241. 245, 808, 814 Mineral-pitch oils, 104 Mill-scale corrosion. 24. 164, 264, 271- 278. 296. 361 Mixed paints, 98. 810-821 Muriatic-acid pickling. 224 Mulder's brick-dust painU, 52. 58, 183 N. Natural varnishes, 256-260 New York elevated railway paint and corrosion. 262, 295-298 Niagara Falls suspension bridge cor- rosion, 160, 389 Nickel-coating, 177; alloy corrosion, 406 Non-corrosive mortar, 269, 270 ** water-pipe enamel, 289 Objection to water-tests of paints, 279 Oil and corrosion of metals, 414 " fatty acids, and solvents, 220-224, 417, 418 Oil in paint pastes, 418, 419 Oil coatings, 14, 16, 24, 281-288 *' at the mill, 23-25 *' " skin experiments, 289, 244,800-808 •• " sulphur in, 245 INDEX. 429 Oleic acid and ether, 220, 418 Olein paint oil, 250, 251, 417 Oxides of lead and zinc, 6, 17, 46, 74, 89-97, 175 Oxides of iron, 6, 7. 10, 17, 26, 28, 80- 87, 188, 157, 160, 281-284, 291-294, 813-815, 884, 406, 409 Oxidizing of paint, 7, 10 Oxychloride of lead, 67 Oxygen in pigments, 411, 412 Orange mineral, 17, 59; Paris red, 60 Organic matter in paints, 10 Paints, adulterations, analyses, 7» 40, 421 Paints, atmospheric gases, acids, light, action on, 8-10. ISee A. B, Index Paints, characteristics, 410 changes in, 8, 10, 55, 92, 98, 265-268. 412, 418 Paints, coal-tar, 287-291 coloring and covering power, 2-5. 186. 187 Paints, dangerous, 8, 110, 120, 154, 203, 204, 306 Paints, destruction of, 8, 9, 13, 264 *• decay of, 116. See D, Index '* effect of heat, frost, sea-air, sea water, strain, spray- painting, etc. See E. Index Paints, failures, fading, fugitive colors, fossil resins, rain, wind, 9, 14, 40 Paints, formulae, 42, 295, 396 '* graphite, galvanizing. See G, Index Paints, hydraulic cement. See H, In- dex Paints, inert pigments. See I. Index *• labor cost, 19, 21, 22, 124, 185, 318, 314 Paints, mixed, 93, 310-821 Mulder's brick-dust, 52, 53, 183 ** Maltha failures, 110, 297 ** mineral-oil effects, tests for, 47, 59, 77, 241, 245, 303, 314 Paints, mixtures, 3, 7, 18, 49, 52, 54, 55, 80, 93, 95. 96, 187, 188, 206, 319 Paints, peeling, crazing, livering, 11- 14. 25, 44. 88, 92, 152, 174, 176, 216, 227, 246, 308. 319 Paints, removal, burning, caustic com- pounds, 277, 278 Paints, statistics, 7, 17, 814 Paints, thickness of coating, 19, 35, 378 Paint-tests, 16, 50, 65, 57, 58, 77, 81- 83, 96. 279-303 Paint -tests. United States Navy Yard, 55, 96. See T, Index Paint-tests, marine, 400-407 ♦•by water, 279-281, 284 Painting by contractors. 311, 318 at the mill, 23-26 with boiled oil, 14, 15, 24, 281-288 Painting cement coatings, brick walls, 164, 165 Painting galvanized iron, 11, 174, 175 ** old sign boards, 102 by spray, 37, 304-309, 316 Paraffin, 109, 418 Pickling, cleaning metal, 25, 275, 276 Pigments, inert, 35, 184-192. 408, 409 Pipe-dips, 129-135; dipping-tank, 184, 135 Pitch, candle-tar, 129-136 Pitting in boilers and water stand- pipes, 263, 333, 346, 860 Polarization of turpentine, 194 Poppy-seed and porgy oils, 80, 222-224, 240. 417 Porosity of iron and steel. 173, 382, 334 Porosity of cement, concrete, paint, 155, 156, 173, 176, 396 Portland cement, 150-158 Printers' varnish. 227 Proportion of oil in paint pastes, 8, 7, 15, 37. 52. 54, 58. 418, 419 Putty. 186, 186, 238 Pyrolusite analysis, 227; paint, 281 Pyroligneous acid, 196-197 Q. Quick-process white lead or whites, 65-79 R. Railway-car cleaning, painting, 277, 278. 306 Rape-seed. Russian seed oils, 215, 216, 225, 245 Red lead. 19. 22. 46, 56, 60; adulters^ tions. 48, 57, 58 Red-lead changes, 54, 68, 188, 808, 412 430 INDEX, Red-lead driers, drying. 51. 63, 233 ** failures of, coating, 54-5G, 297 Red-lead mixtures, 54, 58, 281; lamp- black, zinc oxide, 49-56. 286, 299. 812, 816 Red lead, Mulder's brick-dust, 58 ** proportion in paint, 58, 419 '* ** ready-mixed, standard, 55, 57 Red-lead setting, 48, 49, 56, 57, 102, 312 Red -lead tests, 57, 281, 283, 291, 299, 300. See T, Index Red leadi Paris red, orange mineral, 60 Refraction of light in pigments, 8-6, 10 Ucfractometer, Abbe's, 240 Resin, resin-oils, 199, 224, 242, 803, 319, 320 Roasting ores, pigments, 82-34, 40 Roofing pitch and paint, 107, 129, 289, 290 Ruberine paints, pipe-dips, 180. 297 Rust produces rust, 28, 157, 261, 392 " . mill-scale corrosion, removal, 24, 154, 264, 271-278, 296, 361 Rust, removal by burning, pickling, steaming, 275-278 Rust, pipe- joints burst, 261 S. Sand-blast apparatus, 271, 272 cleaning, 8, 13, 22, 270-278, 296, 808, 316; costs, 273-276 Sea- air, sea- water corrosion, 58. See £, Index Sea-air, galvanizing, 824-826; marine paints. 400-407 Sewage, condensation water in boiler corrosion, 264, '828. 880. 348 Setting of red lead, 48, 49, 50, 102 Shellac, 114. 115, 209 Silica floated, blanc fixe. See Barytes, Index Silica graphite paints, 188-140 •' sand. 8, 191, 192 Silicate coatings prevent corrosion, 828, 839 Slags, slag sand, slag cements, 150 Slag paint. 290; blast-furnace slag, 147 Snow-water, smoke, corrosive elements in, 415 Soaps, lead and zinc, 10, 49, 74, 75, 78, 86, 236, 237, 238. 264. 266 Soapstone, 139, 191, 192 Solvents, oils, and fatty acids, 117, 417, 418 Spanish-brown. 48. 44 Specific gravities. 8, 37, 49. 69, 83, 118, 139, 143. 188, 190, 191, 193, 203. 206, 218, 220, 221, 224, 237, 250. 253, 824. 826, 408-411, 416-418 Spennrath's experiments, 300-303 Spirits of turpentine. 116, 122. 193-202 Spray-painting, cost, danger, durabil- ity, effect of cold, porosity, 87. 304- 809, 816 Stand-pipe corrosion, 152, 168, 874-378 Storage of linseed-oil, 265 Stray electrical currents. 886-888, 897 Steam, removing and testing paint, 277 Steel, effects of pickling, 275-277 Strain in metal corrosion, 9, 848-858 Sublimed lead, 83-87, 817, 412 Suspension-bridge cable corrosion, 160 electrolysis, 887,396* 897 Suspension-bridge failures, 390, 391 '* paint coatings, 889, 880, 891 Substitutes for linseed-oil, 248-260 S^ulphur compounds, 86, 37, 202 •* " in cement, con- crete, 167 Sulphur compounds in ciudcrs, 161, 162, 269, 334 Sulphur compounds in oils. 246 Sulphuric-acid oils, 2, 28. 280, 231, 244, 245 Sulphuric acid in cement, concrete, 151, 156. 157, 164, 171 Sulphuric acid in cinders, 161. 162, 269, 334 Sulphuric acid in locomotive exhaust. leases, tunnels. 886, 337 Sulphuric-acid effects on oils and paints, 7, 31. 88, 60, 68, 77. 113, 206. 244, 264. 266, 266 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 9. 62. 140. 148, 186. 329 Sulphate and sulphide of lead. iron. zinc, 46. 62, 66. 94, 95, 276, 409,412,413 Sulphate of lime. 3, 86, 62, 154, 186, 189 Talc, soapstone refraction. 8 Tables and data, 408-421 Tay Bridge disaster, 842 Terra alba, 190 INDEX. 431 Tee-rail, cross-tie corrosion, 886-888, 886 Temperature and hydric sulpliide ef- fects on paint, 54, 77, 80, 94, 140, 186, 287-291, 298, 802, 808 Temc , tin-plate, and tin -roof corrosion, 28, 88, 89, 42, 44, 56, 175, 176, 188 Tetrachloride of carbon, drier, solv- ent, 206, 207, 417 Tests for linseed- and resin-oils, 142, 144, 199. 224, 240-247, 819, 820 Test for paints, 10, 16, 280-286, 291. 294, 801. 802 Tests for white lead, 77, 81-88 •• ** red lead. 65-68, 299, 800 '• " zinc oxide, 96 " *' turpentine, 196-198 Thermo-electro and chemical actions in paints, 31, 85, 86, 120, 149, 155, 818. 862 Thickness and porosity of paint, 19, 85. 878 Tile and brick-dust paint, 48, C2, 53, 187, 188 Toch's water-proof paint, 163, 165 Torpedo-boat corrosion, 848, 846, 400 Tunnel metal-shield corrosion, 157, 158, 824, 827, 835, 889 Turpentine, analysis, adulteration, qualities, 61, 198-201 Turpentine, dead-wood. 195 " Douglas flr, 199, 202 fatty, 199 U. United States Astronomical Observa- tory, effect of stray electrical currents, 378 United States Navy Yard paint tests, 96, 286, 400-407 United States steamship, electrolysis in, 898, 899 Umber, 48 Ure, Dr., analysis of linseed-oil, 216, 217 V. Vapors, atmospheric, weight. 411, 416 " " acids and gases, influence of. See A, Index Varnishes, qualities, 111-118, 402, 407 commercial brands, 116 ** natural, non-corrosive, 25^ 260 Vegetable oils, number of, 221-228 Ventilation in ships, 162 ; tunnels, 887 Vermilion, vermilionette, 8, 60 Viaduct corrosion, painting, 262, 268, 296-800 Voltages in corrosion, 872, 877, 879, 380, 386-888. 394, 396 Volume, weight, specific gravities, 408- 420. See S, Index W. Wandering electricity, 386-389 Water and air mixtures. 416 " corrosibility in boilers, 875 ** corrosive elements in snow and smoke, 415 Water, effects on paint, 5, 8, 14. See E, Index Water-gas and coal-gas tars, 106-109, 123-135, 400. See 0, Index Water- and gas-pipe coatings, 128-186, 161. 261, 266, 847, 379, 380, 881 Water and gas-pipe corrosion, 132, 161, 261, 347 Water- and gas-pipe electrolysis, 879, 383-385, 392, 393, 396 Water- and gas-pipe testing, 128, 124, 132 133 Water in linseed-oil, 58, 128, 218, 222, 245-247, 285, 318 Water tests for paint, 279-281, 2H4 Water-proofing and paint, 15, 163-16.'> Weight, list and volume of gases, fats, fatty acids, and solvents, 220-i'24, 417, 418 Whiting, covering power, refraction, 8, 186 White-lead ores, 45, 46; analysis, 74, 75 adulterants, 67, 68, 65, 77- 80 White-lead carbonate, hydrate, 64, 66, 70, 71 White lead, ** Old Dutch Process," 61- 66. 69, 76, 83 White lead, electrolytic, 70-73; sub- limed, 83-88, 317 White-lead tests, 77, 81-83 qualities of a good, 74-78 " in marine paint, 96, 289 432 INDEX. White- lead, zinc oxide, and barytas i Wooden-structure pain^ 6-8, 84, 86» mixtures, 7, 77, 80, 98, 98, 812, 816 I 80, 81, 98, 246 Y. Yellow pine, area available for turpen- tine, 198 Yellow pine distillation, 196 Yellow pine, painting, 80, 81, 96, 246 *' paint size, 80, 81 Yellowing of oil and white lead, 7, 10, 40 Z. ^nzibar, fossil resins, 111-118 Zinc, metallic, 89; consumption, 91 ** ores, calamite, 89; zincite, 91 ** alloy in galvanizini)^, 177 ** carbonate, 89; sulphide and sul- phate, 77, 92, 9.^, 95, 96, 409, 412 Ziuc, electro-chemical and galvanic action in, 98, 174-183; E. M. F. in batteries. 358, 355 Zinc, galvanizing, 172-188 ' ' oxide, history, 91 ; French brands, 91,92 Zinc-oxide adulterants. 92-96 changes in, 77, 79, 80, 93, 418 Zinc-oxide pigments, 77, 78, 80-87 Zinc-oxide marine paints, 96, 286, 405- 407 Zinc oxide and white lead, 53, 80, 81, 92-96, 312, 316 Zinc-oxide tests, 96, 97, 405, 407 Zinc, use in steam-boilers. 128, 83^846 ** " to prevent corrosion, 173-181, 344-348 Zinc-salt paint driers 232 ** sheets and roofing durability, 23, 181-188 Zinc soaps. See L and S, Index <' whites and lithopone, 94, 95, 186, 2.'32. 409 Zincing solutions, 176 ADVERTISEMENTS. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGE. Berry Brothers, Limited 2^ Detroit Graphite Mfg. Co i Eagle White Lead Company , . 8 International Achf^son Graphite Company 7 Lowe Brothers Company, The 9 Michigan Paint Company 4 Picher Lead Company 6 RiNALD Brothers 3 TocH Brothers 5 Superior Graphite Paint T ^HIS Is the well-known L. S. G. brand. Its basis Is a natural ore, the peculiar ingredients of which best adapt it to the making of a durable paint. It does not crack or peel, is unaffected by heat, moisture, sulphur fumes, acids, alkalies, drippings, etc. It should always be specified as shop and field coats for the structural steel of buildings and bridges. It is unequalled on corrugated iron, steel cars, tanks, pipes, roofs, refrigerator plants, elevators, storage bins, etc. Among the many structures upon which SUPERIOR GRAPHITE PAINT has been recently used are the Flat- iron and Macy buildings of New York, the Government Printing Office and Stoneleigh Court, Washington, D. C, and the plant of the Niagara Falls Power Co. We have an Interesting booklet which should be on the desk of every engineer, architect and master painter. Ne^ York ^^^^q^'^ GRAPHITE MFC. CO. B^J"' Chicago Boston DETROIT. MICH. St Louis We would like to hear from consumers of Japan Driers who want the best goods procurable. An experience of nearly 50 years In Varnish and Japan making has taught us many things that only time can impart. " Practice makes perfect " is one of the truest of the old saws. We offer reliable Japan Driers of all grades and of uniform quality. BERRY BROTHERS, Umited NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA BALTIMORE CHICAGO CINCINNATI SAN FRANCISCO ST. LOUIS Factory and Main Office, DETROIT. Manufacturers of every grade of Varnish and Japan for every use known. SBessemer iPaint (RBQISTERED TRADE-MARK) Has been in actual use on bridges and iron and steel build- ings for over ten years and still retains its elasticity and protecting qualities, where Graphite, Red Lead, etc*, have failed^ Our pamphlet, **Data on Bessemer Paint,'* is yours for the asking* irorceiaen Snamei iPaint •'THE ONLY ASEPTIC ENAMEL MADE." A Liquid Porcelain made in white and colors, which dries of its own accord into a smooth porcelain surface* Endorsed and used by the leading hospitals and numerous house owners, hotel projmetors, etc*, in kitchen, bathrooms, etc* Send for our pamphlet, **AII About Porcelain Enamel Paint '* Concentrated Saivanic iPremer Prevents peeling and blistering of paint applied to galvanized iron* Tjechnicai iPaents Are our specialty* We do not make **A Line of Paints,^' like other manufacturers, but only ** Special Paints for Special Purposes*'' IW If you have any difficult problems to solve in the paint line we shall be glad to place our experience at your command. RINALD BROTHERS \\M-\\M> N. HANCXXX ST., PHILADELPHIA 3 "MADE IN FLINT ft Our PoLint protects metOLl We protect the user with guarantee MICHI6AN eRAPHITE PAINT MIXED and Pulverized at L'Anse, Baraga County, Michigan, on the shores of Lake Superior. GROUND through stone palnt-mllls at Flint, Genesee County, Michigan. THINNED with absolutely pure linseed oil. SOLD either as paste or ready for application. Pl^/C£ lowest -consistent with care of manufacture and the use of absolutely pure oil (oil quality Is as Important as the pigment used). Liquid, per gallon, $1.05 Paste, . . . . .: ** pound, .08 SPECIFICATIONS.— To Insure use of this paint specifica- tions should read. In addition to firm name, "Made la Fllat" Barrels found on Jobs not so stenciled do not contain our goods. MICHIGAN PAINT COMPANY (nfCORPORATED) FLINT. MICHIGAN We make a specialty of grinding and preparing paints on special formulas furnished by engineers or other customers. WB WANT BUSINESS. 4 R.I.W. Damp Resisting Paint FOR. inside: AND KoNKERiT Coating (tradi mark rco.) FOR outside: ON WALLS (Damp Proof) IRON WORK (Rust Proof) LIMESTONE (Stain Proof) INSULATION (Eiec. and Cold Storage) OF YOUR BUILDING The Modern Paint for Modern Buildings TOCH BROTHERS PAINT MAKERS SINCE 1848 468, 470 & 472 West BroetdweLy NE:W YORK 6 Perpet\ial Protection for Iron «vnd Steel PICHER'S NATURAL BLUE LEAD (steei coior) is a chemically stable product* It protects the oil— imparts to it permanent life. PICHER'S NATURAL BLUE LEAD can be ground in paste form and kept indefinitely without hardening. Pound for pound it will cover 20% more surface than any other lead pigment, and with boiled linseed oil it makes an indestructible paint for iron and steel surfaces. it can be obtained from the manufacturers direct or from any reputable paint grinder — in dry, paste or liquid form. A BOOKLET OP DETAILED INFORMATION FOR THE ASKING RICHER LEAD COMPANY EASTERN SALES OFFICE i WESTERN SALES OFFICE: 100 WILLIAM STREET TACOMA BUILDING NEW YORK CHICAGO Works: JOPLIN, MO. 6 flCttESON GRAPHITE ELECTRIC FURNACE Fellow Readers: We have but one suggestion to add to the pages of this book — Determine a Standard for Graphite Paints, There is to-day absolutely no standard. The so-called graphite pigments contain anywhere from 20% to 80% of impurities and adulter- ants of a heterogeneous character. Sometimes they contain no graphite. In consequence many engineers are imposed upon, and there are many failures of such protective coatings. We are naturally interested in this matter, as Acheson Graphite Paint Pigment fully meets all the conditions which have ever been found of value in graphite pigments. It is manufactured in the Electric Furnace and contains all the merit, with none of the disadvantages, of the natural graphites. We guarantee the Purity, Uniformity, and Inert Quality of Acheson Graphite. Write us for samples for test, prices, or any further in- formation desired. INTERNATIONAL ACHESON GRAPHITE COMPANY NIAGARA FALLS, N. V., U. S. A. I NDEPENDENT OF ALL COMBINATIONS BAGLE WHITE LEAD COMPANY 1008 to 1030 BroeLdway Cii\cinneLti» O. Corroders by the '^Old Dutch Process" PURE WHITE LEAD, DRY AND IN OIL RED LEAD, LITHARGE, AND ORANGE MINERAL OFFICES AND WAREHOUSES: NEW YORK CITY, 54 MAIDEN LANE AUSTIN REMSEN, Manaj^er. PHILADELPHIA 143 N* FOURTH STREET T. E^ BANNAN, Manager. BALTIMORE, 447 NORTH STREET GEO. O. SHIYERS, Manager. BUFFALO, 16 BUILDERS' EXCHANGE A. S. GOLTZ, Manager. PITTSBURG PITTSBURG PAINT SUPPLY CO., Agents. CLEVELAND, A. T. OSBORN CO., Agents. CHICAGO, .... 125-127 NORTH PEORIA STREET E. B. BENNETT, Manager. ST. LOUIS, 706 N. ELEVENTH STREET F. L. POWERS. Manager. KANSAS CITY 1013-14 WALNUT STREET W. R. McDonald, Agent. NEW ORLEANS, . 308-310 GRAVIER STREET JNO. R. TODD & BRO., Agents. 8 LOWE BROTHERS PREPARED LINSEED OIL PAINTS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROTECTION OF STEEL IN BUILDINGS^ BRIDGES, RAILWAY EQUIPMENT AND GENERAL MANUFACTURING fHE ACKNOWLEDGED "HIGH STANDARD^' Among these products are indudedt RED LEAD METAL PRESERVA- TIVE (two colors). BLACK METAL COATING No. 1407. GRAPHITE PAINTS. CARBON PAINTS (four colors). OXIDE OF IRON PAINTS (three colors). All are Linseed Oil Paints with selected pig- ments only. They are made from legitimate ma- terials and based upon the theory that the solids are coefficient with the liquids in producing the best resultSff and that their quality is as depend- ent upon their physical as upon their chemical structure. The principles upon which they are made and used are fully discussed in "Hints on Painting Structural Steer\ ''Suggestions for Specifications'* etc. Sent on application. T HE LOW E B R T H 1^ R S C M P A N DAYTON. 0. N K W Y 11 K CHICAGO KANSAS CITY Y 11 i I. 