None
Direct-current circuit with dis- tributed leakage, 465 generator, self-excitation, 32 railway, transient effective re- sistance, 386 as special case of general circuit equations, 471 Disappearance of transient term in alternating-current circuit, 43 Discharge of condenser, 51 Geiasler tube, 9 inductive and condenser, as special case of general cir- cuit equaticm.s, 469 inductive, as wave, (>02 into transmission line, 609 of motor field, 29 Displacement current, 421 Disruptive strength, numerical val- ues, 11 voltage in opening direct-cur- rent circuit, 26 Dissipation constant, 458 Distance attenuation constant, 500 in velocity measure, 501 Distortion constant, 458, 488 Distortionless circuit, 487, 507, 514 Distributed series capacity, 354 Distribution of alternating-current density in conductor, 375 of alternating magnetic flux in iron, 361 Divided circuit, general equations, 122 continuous-current circuit with- out capacity, 126 Duration of oscillation, as function of frequency, 624, 626, 631, 639 Dynamostatic machine, 226 E Effective current of condenser dis- charge, 70 voltage and power oscillating- current generator, 81 layer of alternating-current con- ductor, 385 penetration of alternating cur- rent in conductor, 382, 385 power of complex circuit, 581 of condenser oscillation, 70 reactance of armature reaction, 206 Effective resistance of alternating- current distribution in con- ductor, 376, 382 voltage of condenser oscillation, 70 Efficiency of condenser oscillation, 72 Electric circuit, general equations, 461 Electrolytes, resistivities, 8 Electrolytic rectifiers, 228 688 INDEX Electromagnetic, also see Magnetic. axis of electric field, 4 Electrostatic, also see Dielectric, axis of electric field, 4. energy of complex circuit, 584 field, energy of, 7 Elimination of pulsations in direct- current circuit by capacity, 134 Energy of complex circuit, 580 of condenser discharge, 70 dissipation constant, 458, 488, 494 of electric field, 4, 7 transfer in complex circuit, 574, 588 constant, 458, 488, 494 constant of complex circuit, 574 Equations, general, of electric cir- cuit, 461 of circuit constants, affected by frequency, 619 Even harmonics of half wave oscilla- tions, 550 Excitation of motor field, 27 Expl function, equations, 668 relations, 669 approximations, 671 Exponential curve of starting cur- rent, 45 Extremely high frequencies, 624 Field current at armature short- circuit, 208 electric, of conductor, 3, 414 energy of, 4 velocity of propagation, 394 excitation, transient term, 27 exciting current, rise and decay, 17 regulation of generator }>y per- iodic transient terms, 229 resultant polyphase, 198 Finite velocity of electric field, ^^96 affecting circuit condi- tions, 617 FM conductor, unequal current dis- tribution, 377 Flattening of wave front, 646, 655 Floating system of control, 226 Fluctuations of current in divided circuit, 129 voltage of direct-current gen- erator with load, 149 Free oscillations, 498, 545 and standing waves, 549 Frequency, absence of effect on cir- cuit oscillation, 10 affecting circuit constants, 615 and starting current, trans- former, 182 and conductor constants, 420 constant of wave, 499 limit of condenser oscillation, 73 of condenser oscillation, 62, 68 equivalent, of wave front, 641 of field current at armature short-circuit, 209 of oscillation of condenser, transmission line, cable, 99, 344 of recurrence of discharge in oscillating-current genera- tor, 81 of wave, 499 range of condenser oscillation, 71 electromagnetic induction, 67 Froehlich's formula of magnetism, 192 Full-wave oscillation of complex circuit, 575 transmission line, 342 Fundamental frequency of oscilla- tion, cables and trans- mission lines, 103, 105 G Gas pipe, effective high frequency impedance, 434 Ctcneral circuits with inductance and capacity, 174 without capacity, 168 equations of electric circuit, 461 INDEX 689 Generator, direct-current overcom- pounded, building up, 149 self-excitation, 32 oscillating current, 74 German silver, effective penetration of alternating current, 385 Gradient of wave, flattening, 661, 665 Gradual approach to permanent value, 21 or logarithmic condenser charge and discharge, 53 term, also Logarithmic. Graphite, effective penetration of alternating current, 385 Grounded transmission line, 309 H Half-wave oscillation, 550, 557 of complex circuit, 576 transmission line, 339 rectification, 227 Harmonics, even, of half-wave os- cillation, 550 High frequency alternators, mo- mentary short-circuit cur- rent, 207 conductor, 376, 420 constants, 622, 624 of conductor, 427 oscillating currents by per- iodic transient terms, 226 oscillations of cables and transmission lines, 103, 105 power surge of low frequency, 105 stray field and starting current of transformer, 189 I Impact angle at transition point of wave, 594 Impedance, effective, of high fre- quency conductor, 427, 441 of magnetic radiation, 401, 405 44 Impedance, of dielectric radiation, 410 of traveling wave, 527 mutual, 402, 416 ratio of unequal current dis- tribution, 382 Impulse, see Impulse current, currents, 481 lag, 486, 494 lead, 486, 494 nonperiodic and periodic, 476, 477 nonperiodic, equations, 485, 486,490 periodic, equations, 492, 496 as special case of general circuit equations, 472, 475, 480 time displacement, 486, 494 time impulse and space im- pulse, 489 power, 483 voltages, 483 Inductance and shunted capacity suppressing pulsations in direct-current circuit, 134 effective, of magnetic radiation, 401, 405 of high frequency conductor, 428 energy of complex circuit, 582 as function of frequency, 621 in telephone lines, 522, 529 massed, in circuit, 614 of conductor without return, 398 electric circuit, 12 section of infinitely long con- ductor, 398, 404 range in electric circuit, 13 representing magnetic compo- nent of electric field, 5 Induction, magnetic, and starting current of tninsfonncr, 180 motor circuit, starting, 44 Inductive discharges into trans- mission lines, 009 shunt to non-inductive circuit, 129 690 INDEX Inductive, as special case of general circuit equations, 469 Inductorium, equations, 164 Infinitely long conductor, 311 Input, see Power. Instantaneous power in complex cir- cuit, 581 Insulators, resistivities, 9 Iron arc operated by oscillating- current generator, 82 conductor at high frequency, 436 effective penetration of alter- nating current, 354 wire, current distribution, 376 and pipe, effective high fre- quency impedance, 434 Ironclad magnetic circuit, calcula- tion of transient, 192 Lag of electric field behind current and voltage, 395 impulse current, 486, 494 Laminated iron, alternating mag- netic flux, 361 pole series booster, response to voltage change, 158 Layer, effective, of alternating-cur- rent conductor, 383 Lead of impulse current, 486, 494 Leakage, distributed, in direct cur- rent circuit, 465 in telephone lines, 522, 530 Length of wave, 499 Lighting circuit, starting, 27, 44 Lightning arrester, multigap, 354 conductors, 376 discharges, 420 in thunder cloud, 356 Limit condition of condenser equa- tions, 50 of frequency of condenser oscil- lations, 73 Loading of telephone lines, 522, 529 Local oscillations of cables and lines, 103, 105 Logarithmic decrement of condenser oscillation, 65 or gradual condenser charge and discharge, 53 start of condenser on alternat- ing voltage, 95 Low frequency constants, 622, 624 surge in cables and lines, 103. 105 stray field and starting current of transformer, 189 Loxodromic spiral of starting cur- rent, 46 M Magnetic, also see Electromagnetic, attenuation as function of fre- quency, 623 density and starting current of transfonner, 180 energy of complex circuit, 582 field, energy of, 6 flux, alternating, in iron, 361, 367, 369, 371, 372, 373 materials, 10 saturation, numerical values, 10 Magnet poles, solid, as mutual in- ductive circuit, 155 Main axes of electric field, 46 wave at transition point, 598 Massed constants as special case of general circuit equations, 470 inductance and electric wave, 614 Mechanical rectification, 227, 235 Medium frequency constants, 622, 624 Mercury arc rectifier, 256 Metallic conductors, resistivities, 8 magnetic induction, 10 Minimum wave length of oscillating currents, 74 Motor circuit, alternating, starting, 44 field, excitation, 27 Multigap lightning arrester, 354 INDEX 691 Mutual impedance and velocity of propagation, 414 inductance, equations, 143 of two conductors at con- siderable distance, 414 and velocity of propagation, 414 inductive circuit with capacity, 161 without capacity, 144 of solid magnet poles, 155 impedance of magnetic radia- tion, 402, 416 reactance, 143 N Natural impedance of circuit, 464 Nominal generated e.m.f. and short- circuit current, 206 Noninductive condenser circuit, 54 shunt to inductive circuit, 129 Non-oscillatory, see Gradual or Logarithmic. Non-periodic impulse currents. Also see ' ' impulse currents, ' ' 476,484 O Open-circuit rectification, 236 Opening of cable or transmission line underload, 112, 118 of continuous-current circuit, 26 Open transmission line, 305 Oscillating-current generator, 69, 74 and charging current, 85 as special case of general circuit equations, 474 high-frequency currents by peri- odic transient terms, 226 Oscillation, also see Condenser dis- charge, duration, 624 free, of circuit, 498, 545 of rotating field in starting, 203 transmission line, 328, 339, 342, 344 Oscillatory approach to permanent value, 21 case of alternating circuit, 93 or trigonometric condenser charge and discharge, 53 start of condenser on alternat- ing voltage, 95 Oscillograms of mercury arc recti- fier, 270 of transformer starting current, 190 Output, also see Power. effective, of oscillating-current generator, 81 Overcompounded direct-current gen- erator, building up, 149 Overlap of rectifying arcs, 257 Overreaching of condenser charge, 19 in noninductive branch of in- ductive circuit, 131 Oversaturated transformer flux of starting current, 181 Penetration, effective depth of, 391, 425 of alternating current in con- ductor, 382, 385 magnetic flux in iron, 367, 369, 371 Period of recurrence, 224 wave, 499 Periodic impulse currents, also see impulse currents, 477, 491 transient terms, 22, 224 Permanent term of alternating- current circuit, 91 values of electric quantities, 16 Permanents, as special case of general circuit equations, 465 Permeability, 9 apparent, of iron for alternating currents, 361, 373 Phase difference in transmission line, 302 692 INDEX Phase, of wave and transient terra, 45, 91 Physical meaning of transient term. 103 Pipe conductor, 437 Polyphase alternator short circuit, 208, 210 m.m.f., resultant, 198 rectification, 236 Potential regulation by periodic transient terms, 229 Power of complex circuit, 580 component of inductance in radiation, 400 factor of oscillation, as function of frequency, 631, 637 gradient of electric circuit, 3 electric field, 48 output, effective, of oscillating- current generator, 81 radiation, 404 transfer in complex circuit, 588 constant of complex circuit, 574 Propagation constant of wave, 508 speed of, of wave, 455 field, 394 Pulsation of rotating field in start- ing, 203 Pyroelectrolytes, resistivities, 9 Q Quarter-phase rectification, 236 Quarter-wave circuit, 319 oscillation, 550, 556 attenuation, 642 of complex circuit, 576 transmission line, 328 transformer, 318 transmission line, 312, 321 Quartic equation of divided circuit, 126 R Radiation, resistance, inductance, etc., see Resistance, induc- tance, etc., effective, of radiation. Rail, effective penetration of alter- nating currents, 385 return of single-phase system, 376 transient effective resistance, 386 Railway, direct-current, transient rail resistance, 386 motor, self-excitation as gen- erator, 38 single-phase, rail return, 376 Rating of capacity and inductance, 122 resistors, reactors, condensers, 69 Ratio of currents, oscillating-cur- rent generator, 82 Reactance, effective, of armature reaction, 206 of dielectric radiation, 412 of external field, 423, 429 of internal field, 206, 425, 429 of magnetic radiation, 400, 426 and frequency, 433, 620 high frequency, 429, 433 low frequency, 429 radiation, 430, 433 unequal current distribution, 433 Reaction, armature, and short- circuit current, 205 Reactor, size and rating, 69 Rectangular traveling wave, decay, 650 wave, attenuation, 641 Rectification, and commutation, 228 arc, 255 by periodic transient terms, 227 constant-current, 236, 248 potential, 236, 242 mechanical, 235 open-circuit, 236 polyphase, 236 quarter-phase, 236, 248 reversal or change of circuit connections, 227 short-circuit, 236 INDEX 693 Rectification, single-phase, 235, 237, 242 Rectifier, mercury arc, 256 oscillograms, 270 Rectifying commutator, 228, 235 Recurrent transient terms, 224 Reflected waves, 497 at transition point, 594, 59S Reflection angle at transition point, 594 in direct-current circuit, 467 of wave, 592 Refraction law of wave, 601 of wave, 592 ratio at transition point, 601 Regulation of potential be periodic transient terms, 229 Remanent magnetism in starting transformer, 181 Resistance, and starting current of transformer, 186 effective, of alternating current conductor, 376, 382 as function of frequency, 430, 620, 631 of dielectric radiation, 410 high frequency, 429, 441 of magnetic radiation, 400, 405, 425, 426 of radiation, 430, 432 thermal, 396, 429 of unequal current distribu- tion, 425 of electric circuit, 12 low frequency, 423, 429, 430 range in electric circuits, 13 ratio of unequal current dis- tribution, 382 representing power gradient in electric field, 6 specific, see Resistivity'. Turbo-alternators, short-circuit cur- rent, 201 U Unequal alternating-current distri- bution in conductor, 376 current distribution in con- ductor, 423 resistance or impedance ratio, 382 affecting circuit constants, 616 transient current distribution in conductor, 386 Variation of circuit constants, 615 Velocity functions of electric field, equations, 667 numerical values, 675 relations and approxima- tions, 669 696 INDEX Velocity, also see Speed, measure of distance, 501 of propagation of electric field, 394 Voltage control by transient terms, 229 transformation at transition point of wave, 596 variation of direct-current gen- erator, with load, 149 Voltmeter across inductive circuit, pulsation, 132 W Water, efifective penetration of alter- nating current, 385 Wave of alternating magnetbm in iron, 365 Wave, decay in transmission lines, 626 direct or main, and reflected, 497 front constant of impulse, 488 equivalent frequency, 641 flattening, 646, 655 length of alternating magnetic flux in iron, 367, 371 constant, 500 of electric field, 394 minimum, of oscillating cur- rent, 74 transmission, 287 Wireless telegraphy, 395 X-ray apparatus, equations, 82 iiov 1 « •!? lillVL a bias aiu aj> ^^a. 