None
Merrimac River, power, *118 Mesopotamia, 80, 119, 189, 275 Metals, 7, 13, 15, 327 Mexicans baking bread, *57 Mexico, commerce, 407; corn, 177; ex- ports, 317; food of, 9; peonage, 179; pipe line, 193; mining communities, 195; silver mining, 197 f.; trade with United States, 405, 411; vegetation, 311 Michigan, fishing, 395; grapes, 354; soil, 46; summer resorts, 398; trees, 32 Middle Atlantic States, water power, 123 Middle West, 369, 389 f. Milk routes to Boston, *381 Millet, 14 Milwaukee, tanning, 138 478 INDEX Minerals, chief products, 12 f.; impor- tance, 326 f.; in Asia, 274; in Europe, 240 f., 254 f.; world production, 326 Mines, Utah Copper Company, 36 Mining, 188, 448 ff.; center of, 246; coal, 194; communities, 196; engineers, 189; iron, 194 Minnesota, iron towns, 191; lumbering, 185; summer resorts, 398; trees, 32; village, 2; winter sports, 395 Mississippi, 329, 347, 365 Mississippi River, 102, 388 Missouri, 39 Mohawk Valley, hosiery industry, 370 Mohammed, 168 Moisture, atmospheric, 70 f. Molasses, imports of U. S., 320 f. Monetary units, 467 Monsoon rains, 284 Mormon Trail, Old, 98 Morocco, exports, 298 f. Moscow, communistic land-holding, 251 Motoring as recreation, 396 Motor trucks, in Cuba, 178 Motor-truck hauls, 459 Mountain States, water power, 123 Mount Morgan, Australia, mines, *306 Movies, 393, 399 f. Mules, 15 Muscle Shoals, Ala., 51 National Forests, 396, 398 Nationalization of railways, 383 National Monuments, 396 National Parks, 395, 398 Nature study, 395 f. Near East, 414 f. Nebraska, 9, 52, 348 Negroes, 61 f., 168, 302, 321 f., 313 Netherlands, agriculture, 250; commerce, 247; manufacturing, 117; transporta- tion, 247, 262 Nevada, 39, 73 New England, agriculture, 29; apples, 354; cotton manufacturing, 370; failure of apple crop, 355; fishing, 395; iron industry, 369 ; lumbering, 184 f. ; manu- facturing, 117, 374; orchards, 35; ranches, 141; relief, 35; surplus, 84; transportation, 382; trees, 32; use of poor tracts, 49; use of power, 119; water power, 122; winter sports, 395 Newfoundland, fishing, 145 f. New Guinea, 55 f., 83 New Hampshire, apples, 29 New Jersey, agriculture, 346 f . ; hunting and fishing, 395; iron industry, 369; peaches, 354; silk, 370 New Mexico, savings, 210 New Orleans, 221 ff. New South Wales, gold, 189 New York, apples, 354; dairying, 137, 139 f.; grapes, 354; hosiery industry, 370; iron industry, 369; orchards, 35; soil, 46; summer resorts, 398; trees, 32 New York Americans, 394 New York City, center of exchange, 217 f.; fur center, 147; port, 223; world's financial center, 235; Bush Terminal, 224 f.; clearing house, 218; Exchanges, 218; hinterland, 220; influence, 219; location, 97, 221, 223; St. Lawrence waterway, 387; subways, 384; terminal facilities, 387; trans-shipment, 103; tunnels, 384 New Zealand, agriculture, 163; settlers, 305; climate, 304; cooperation, 140; dairying, 137; exports, 296; potential productivity, 55 f.; telephones, 389; textiles, 212; trade with U. S., 412, 414 Nieder Lausitz, Germany, *62 Nikolaiyevsk, Russia, 223 Nitrogen, 51 Nomads, 140 f., 274 f. Non-Partisan League, 352 Nordic race, 61 f., 241 Normandy, agriculture, 247 North Africa and Australia, 304 f. North America, automobiles, 228; miner- als, 36, 325 f.; railway mileage, 228; trade with U. S., 405 f.; trolley mileage, 228; world's chief products, 227 North Atlantic Coast, meat packing, 369 North Carolina, 15, 33, 204 North Dakota, 349, 352, 365 Northern Asia, business, 271 North Sea countries, 76 f., 239 f. Norway, agriculture, 249; commerce, 407; famous men, 61 f. ; surplus, 84; tele- phones, 389 Norwegians, racial inheritance, 58 Nova Scotia, fish drying. *336 Nuts, 34 Oats, 14, 29 Ocean, food supply from, 336 f. ; influence on climate, 237 f . ; influence on Japan, 293 f . ; relation to Europe, 237 f. Ocean ports, types, 223 Ocean waterways, 386 ff. Oceania, trade with U. S., 407 Ohio, agriculture, 162; coal towns, 191; corn, 348; grindstones, 204; iron in- dustry, 368 f.; prosperity, 9; ranches, 141 ; roads, 109 f . ; simple industries, 364; soil, 46 Oils, mineral, 126 Oklahoma, 189, 349 Olives, 34 Omaha, Neb., location, 222 Open-door policy, 274 Optimum, climatic, see Climatic Optima Oregon, apples, 354; pine, see Fir, Doug- las; trees, 32 Ores, location, 36 Osage Indian lands, oil, 193 Ownership, of lumber, 198; of railways, 382 f. Pacific coast, health, 72; iron industry, 369; manufacturing, 373; scenery, 398; telephones, 389 f.; textiles, 212; water power, 123 Pacific Ocean, unites America and Asia, 222 Palestine, 275 f. Palm nuts, 301 Panama, 173, 409 f. Para, Brazil, 215 Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, 215 Paris, dress fabrics, 258; influence, 219; location, 222 f. Parks, 299, 399 INDEX 479 Patagonia, agriculture, 316 Peanuts, 366 Peas, 14 Peasants, Indian, *174 Peking, porcelain pagoda, *285 Pennsylvania, anthracite, 41 ; coal mining, 329; coal towns, 191; coal versus manu- facturing, 121; freight shipment, 382; health and energy, 66 f . ; hosiery in- dustry, 370; iron industry, 368 f.; mining communities, 195; oil, 42; sim- ple industries, 364; soil, 47; use of power, 119; yield per acre, 351 f. Persia and America, 275 f. ; ores, 37 ; rugs, 202, 204; wool spinning, *203 Persecution, of Armenians, 277 f. ; of Jews, 277 Peru, 215; exports, 315 f.; terraces, 28 Petrograd, temperature, 238 Petroleum, 15; mining industry, 191 f.; power, 116; consumption, 119; in Europe, probable formation, 41 f. ; prob- lem, 124 f.; production 119, 329 Philadelphia, Pa., commerce, 221; loca- tion, 221, 223; locomotive factory, *380; subways, 384 Philippines, alcohol, 125; hemp, *176; hookworm, 168; rice culture, *27; trade with U. S., 411 Phosphorus, 51 Photography, 395 Physical optimum, 70 Picardy, France, agriculture, 247 Piece workers, earnings, 66 Pilgrims, 324 Pine Barrens, N. J., soil, 44 Pine woods, 332 Pipe lines, 190 f., 193 Pittsburgh, 66, 222 Placer, California, 37 Plantations, tropical, 175 f. Plants, chief products, 12 f.; communities depending on, 149; optimum, 70 Platinum, in Europe, 255 Playgrounds, in cities, 299 Poland, one-crop agriculture, 250 Poles, mental grade, 60 Politics among farmers, 352 Poor relief, 209 Poor Whites, 370 Population, 326, 358, 422 Populist Party, 352 Portland, Me., location, 387 Ports 224 f., 427, 464 Portugal, agriculture, 252; fish imported, 145; irrigation, 252; water power, 123 Portuguese, 60, 314 Position, effect on trade, 414 f. Postal Telegraph Company, 390 Post offices, in U. S., 388 f. Potash, 52 Potassium, 51 Potatoes, 14, 29, 166 Poultry, 14 Po Valley, animals, 252 Power, 7, 15, 116, 130 f. Power plants, superpower system, *131 Prairies, soil, 47 Precious metals, 197 f. Production, 47 f., 26 Productivity, world, 78 Products, classes of, 6ff.; food, 14; foreign trade and, 91; tropical, 166; world's 14 f. Prospecting, 188 Providence, R. I., location, 221 Puget Sound region, manufacturing, 370 Puritans, 324 Pyrite, in Europe, 255 Quakers, 324 Quarrying, 188, 448 f. Quarry products, value in U. S., 327 Quebec, winter sports, 395 Race, 422; agriculture and, 340 f. ; capaci- ties, 55-65; in Europe, 241 f.; in TJ. S., 61 f. Racial character, see Character, racial Racing, 397 Railways, 377; cars, 381; equipment, 381; in America, 379 f . ; long haul versus short, 382 ; ownership, 382 f . ; passen- gers, 95 ; power problem, 382 f . ; present use, 112; receipts, 95; resources, 103; transcontinental, 97 Rainfall, *20; summer, *21; winter, *22 Ranching, 140 f. Raw materials, 6, 14, 402 Recreation, 393-401 Red Cross, Armenian relief, 277 f. Relief, 26-43; of Europe, 239 f. ; metallic ores and, 36; trade routes and, 98 f. ; vegetation and, *31 Revillon Brothers, 147 Rhine River, 240 Rhode Island, simple industries, 364 Rice, 14, *27, 166 Rice-growers, in tropics, 173 Riding as recreation, 396 Riga, Russia, commerce and location, 223 Rio de Janeiro, 215 Roads, 377; cost, 108; importance, 107 f.; statistics, 378 f.; trucks and, 108 f. Rockefeller Sanitary Commission, 168 Rockies, 32, 73, 398 Rotterdam, port ownership, 224 Routes, 96 f. Rubber, 14/ 179, 321 Rumania, 251, 255 Russia, agriculture, 251 f. ; Black Earth soil, 47; Bolshevists, 58; coal, 41; droughts, 252; famines, 155 f., 252; lumber, 184; market towns, 215; one- crop system, 151; pre-war trade, 265 rye, 150; trade with United States, 414 transportation, 95, 194; power, 119 wheat, 150, 154; wood, 332 Russians, mental grade, 60 Rye, 14 Saar Basin, 255 St. Lawrence, canals, 386 St. Louis, 147, 220 ff., 370 Sakhalin, coal, 41 Samurai, 291 Sandstone and soil, 45 San Francisco, 223, 369 f. San Juan Mountains, Col., *31 Savanna, in Africa, 300 Savannah, Ga., port ownership, 224 Scandinavia, Nordic race, 61 Scenery, motoring and, 396 480 INDEX Scotland, corn, 8; famous men, 61 ff.; oil, 42 Scottish Highlands, influence, 277 Scranton, Pa., "culm," 196 Seasons, 66 f., 167 Seattle, 216, 224 Sedatives, 176 Serbia, Alpine race, 63 Shales, oil, 42 Sheep, 14, 30 f., 140 f. Shetland pony, *11 Ship subsidies, 387 f. Shoes, manufacture, 201 f., 206 f. Siam, *84, 85, 86, 166, 231 f. Siberia, agriculture, 272; coal, 41; co- operation, 140; forests, 272; manu- facturers, 110; mining communities, 188; railway, 380; trade with U. S., 414; trees, 32 Silesia, coal problem, 255 f. Silk, 14 f., 370 Silver, 15, 39, 195, 197 f. Simple industries, 364, *365, 366 Sisal, 179 Skating, 395 Skiing, 395 Slavs, 63 Sleeping cars, 381 Smith, J. Russell, 35 Smith, J. Warren, 9 Smyrna, commerce and location, 223 Snow-shoeing, 395 Social betterment, manufacturing and, 260 Social problems, in manufacturing regions, 209 Socialism, 209 Soil, desert, 45 f. ; exhaustion, 166; glacial, 46 f . ; moist regions, 47 f . ; on slopes, 26; productivity, 44-54; tropical, 50 South, cotton industry, 151 f., 204, 370; freight shipment, 382 South Africa, exports, 299 1.; mining communities, 188; position, 298; trade with U. S., 413 South America, climate, 311; manufac- turing, 202; relief, 311 f.; trade with U. S., 407, 412, 415; vegetation, 311 Southampton, England, port ownership, 224 South Carolina, 15, 204 Southeastern Asia, possibilities, 280 ff. Southern France, agriculture, 252 South Queensland, pineapple farm,*309 Southwestern Asia, business and, 275 ff. Spain, agriculture, 252; famous men, 63; fish imported, 145; iron, 255; irriga- tion, 252; lead, 255; Mediterranean race, 63; Nordic race, 61; nuts, 34; one-crop system, 151; ores, 37; pyrite, 255; use of power, 119; zinc, 255 Spanish, 60, 313 f. Spices, 176 Spitzbergen, coal, 41 Sports, 393 ff. Spruce, Washington, 32 Standardization, automobiles and, 385 Standard Oil Company, 193 f., 236 Stassfurt, potash, 52 Statistical tables, 419 ff. Steam engine, 117, 128 f. Steamships, tonnage by continents, 228 Steel and rolling mills, production, *367 Steppes, in Africa, 300 Stone, 14, 366 Storms, 71 f., 237 Strikes, 209, 330 "Succession" of vegetation, 183 f. Suez Canal, 297 Sugar, 14, 178, 320 f. Sugar cane, *174 Sulphur, in Europe, 255 Sumatra, 41, 168, 179 Summer resorts, 397 ff. Sun as source of energy, 132 Super power system, *130 Surplus, 83 f. Sweden, famous men, 61 f. ; forests, 249; iron, 255; lumbering, 182, 184 f.; magnetite, 38; ores, 37; telephones, 389 ; transportation, 184 f. ; use of power, 119 Sweet potato, food value, 166 Swimming, 397 Swine, 14 Switzerland, Alpine race, 63; cooperation, 140; demands, 85 f.; exports, 86; famous men, 63; imports, 86; laces, 258; manufactures, 117, 121; Nordic race, 61; railways, 264; textiles, 212; trade with U. S., 413; use of power, 119; watches, 258; water power, 123; woodcarving, 202 Syria, 28, 32 ff., 80, 275 Syrian race, 276 Tables, statistical, 419 ff. Taiga, 272 Tampico, oil community, 189 Tannery, 201 f. Tea, 14, 35 f. Tehuantepec Railway, India, 169 Telegraph lines, 113, 389 Telephones, 113, 389 f. Temperature, *18, *19, *69, 237 f. Tenancy, 151, 348 Tennessee, Nashville Basin, soil, 45; phos- phates, 52; race of farmers, 347; relief, 35 Tennis, 394 f. Terminals, 377 Terraces, 28 Tests, psychological, 59 f., 135 Texas, oil communities, 189, 192; potash, 51; simple industries, 365; wheat, 349 Thorwaldsen, 57 Time, transportation and, 223 f. Tin, 15 Tobacco, 14, 51, 150, 347 Tokio, 219, 223 Tractor, use, 112 Transportation, 95-115; 377, 457 ff.; communication and, 112 ff.; dangers, 104 f. ; endurance and, 104; evolution, 103 ff.; high mentality and, 105; in Africa, 301; in Caribbean region, 239 f.; in Europe, 239; in mining regions, 196; in the forest, 147, 184 f.; in U. S., 377-392; limitations, 106 f.; load capacity, 104; lumber ownership and, 186; manufacturing and, 370; need of terminals, 107; problems, 110 f. ; relief, 28; speed, 104; tropical, 169 f. Trans-shipment, trade routes and, 101 Treadwell mine, Alaska, 198 INDEX 481 Trees, 32 ff. Trolleys, 111 f., 383 f. Tropical labor, 302, 321 f. Troy, N. Y„ 373 Truck areas, 346 Tuberculosis, in Denmark, 138 Tucson, Arizona, desert vegetation, *46 Tundra, 271 Tunis, climate, 297 ff. Turkestan, commerce, 214 Turkey, American business and, 275 f., 414; one-crop system, 151; ores, 37; rainfall, 156; rugs, 202 ff. Unemployment, 209 United Fruit Company, 172 United States, advantages, 324 f . ; age of people, 425; agriculture, 340-359; agriculture, persons engaged, *341; agriculture, variety in, 340; animals, 443 ff . ; animals per hundred people, 445 ; animals per square mile, 444; animals, price of, 446; area, 425; as business rival of Europe, 235; automobiles, 124, 384; business, international, 402-417; capital, 210; cities, 428; climate, 325; climatic energy, *75; coal, 41, 254 f.; coal fields, *190; coal, prices of, 466; commerce, foreign, 90; commerce, tropi- cal, 318 ff.; commerce with Central America, 319; commerce with Mexico, 319; commerce with South America, 320 ff. ; commerce with the West Indies, 319; communication, 377-392; con- servation of metals, 40; consumption, 465; cooperation, 140; cotton farming, 151 ff.; crops, composite yields, 447; crops, farm price of, 442; crops per acre, *351; dairy produce, *139; death rate, 470; death rate in cities, 471; deaths in, 68; desert soils, 46; Europe and foreign trade of, 402; exports of customs districts, 465; exports to Africa, 301 f.; exports to continents, *406; farms of typical sections, 344; farms worked by owners, *152; fer- tilizers, *355; financial conditions, 468; fire wood on farms, 465; fuels, 326; gain in Great War, 233 f . ; gas, prices of, 466; gasoline consumption, 125; grow- ing season, *23; hay, *345; health, *72f.; horticulture, 160 f. ; illiteracy, 469; immigrants, 426; imports from continents, *405; improved land, *353; improved roads, 108 f.; industries, 454 ff.; iron production, 254; internal water- ways, 388; irrigation, 50; lumber, 32, 452; manufactures, value of, *361; manufacturing, 360-376; 454 ff.; manu- facturing, capital in, 209 f.; manufac- turing, distribution of, 363 f . ; manu- facturing, growth of,* 362; manufac- turing, persons engaged, *361; merchant marine, 387 f.; metals, 327 f.; metro- politan districts, 428; mineral indus- tries, 327 ff., 451; minerals, 450; min- erals, value of, 326 f . ; motor-truck hauls, 459; motor vehicles, 460; mov- ies, 399; occupations, 430; oil fields, *190; open-door policy, 288; parcels post, 388 f.; petroleum, 119; phos- phates, 52; pipe line, *190, 193; popu- lation, 356, 425; ports, ownership of, 224; ports, tonnage of ships entering, 461; postal service, 388 f.; power, 116 price variations, 217; production on farms, 13; productivity of land, *351 progress, *74; psychological tests, 59. race, 425; race of farmers, 432; rail- ways, 379 ff., 460; ranching, 141 f. roads, 378; silk, 16; simple industries. 364 ff.; sugar, 178; telegraph, 389 telephone, 389 f.; 460; textiles, 212. trade, foreign, 401; trade per person with other countries, 410; trade with continents, *403; trade with Mexico, 407; trade with Norway, 407; trans- portation, 377-392; trolleys, 383 f., 460; urban death rate, 293; urban distribu- tion, 425; use of land, 356, 432; use of wood, 331 f.; vital index, 470; wage earners, number of, 208; wagon-hauls, 459; water power, 122 f.; wealth, 324; weather, 72; wheat, 153 ff, *350; yield per acre, 351 f.; 440; yield, per capita, 441 ; yield of chief crops, 439 United States Department of Agriculture, 341 f., 355 f. United States Department of Commerce, 402 United States Fuel Administration, 128 United States Geological Survey, super- power system, *130 f. United States Government, 336 f., 377 United States Patent Office, 211 Ural Mountains, 37, 255 Urban distribution, 422 Uruguay, 144, 315, 412 Utah County, Utah, farming, 354 Utilization of land, 357 Variability, benefit of, 71 f. Vegetables, 14, 156 f., 204 f., 366 Vegetation, *31, 165 f., 311 Vehicles, 377 Venezuela, exports, 317 Vienna, location, 222 Virginia, 15, 35, 45, 150 Vital index, 65, 470 Vitamines, 156 Vocational training, 258 f. Volga, droughts, 252 Wagon hauls, 459 Wales, 41, 63 Walking as recreation, 396 Washington, 32, 35, 154 Washington Conference, 288 Washington, D. C, heat in summer, 238 Waste products, use, 205 Water as power, 12 Waterbury, Conn., inventions, 211 f. Water, magmatic, 39 Water power, 15, 116, 453; manufactur- ing and, 121 f.; Merrimac River, *118; utilization of, 126 f. Waterways, 377 Ways, in transportation, 377 Weather, 69, *71 Weevil, boll, 153 West, freight shipments in, 382 Western Union Telegraph Company, 389 f. West Indies, vegetation, 311 West Quincy, Mass., 191 482 INDEX West Virginia, 191, 330 f. Wheat, 14; exports, 358; one-crop cul- ture, 153 f.; production in U. S., *350; world production, *154 Wheat belt, 349 ff. Whitbeck, R. H., 46 f. White man, 60, 160 ff., 170 ff., 302 White Mountains, 35, 395, 398 Wilkesbarre, Pa., "culm," 196 Willamette Valley, Cal., manufacturing, 370 Wind as power, 116 Winter resorts, 395, 397 f. Wireless, 113, 389 Wisconsin, cooperation, 140; dairying, 137, 139 f.; hides, 138; lead, 39; lum- bering, 184 f.; soil, 45 f.; summer resorts, 398; trees, 32; winter sports, 395; zinc, 39 Wood, 14, 32, 331 f. Wood alcohol as fuel, 125 Wool, 14 Worcester County, Mass., agriculture, 342 f. World, animals, 437 f.; population en- gaged in agriculture, 429; cattle, *136; chief products, 12 f.; civilization, *78 climatic energy, *77; foreign commerce 78, 88, *89, 462 ff.; minerals, 448 ff. production, 326; monetary unit, 467 money per capita, 467; motor vehicles 458; population, *99, 326; post offices 457; railways, 457; steamship routes *99; telegraph, 457; telephones, 458 tonnage of vessels, 458; use, value, and tenure of land, 431; wheat, *154 yield of chief crops, 433; yield per acre 435; yield per thousand people, 434 Wyoming, 9, 121 Yachting, 397 Yale Bowl, 394 Yaqui Indians, peonage and, 179 Yellow fever, 169 Yezo, Japan, fishing, 146 Yosemite National Park, campers, 399 Yucatan, 165, 166, 179 Yukon, mining communities, 188 Zinc, 15, 39, 255 Zionists, 275. 