title: The new world;
text: $ ; •fc. K° ^ <> .V % >u ^* "S ,lll, 1 ^0 •f 1 A ' ^ V> s 5. v ft$-" * "o. -^ ; ,0' X > V o^. < j. ■ \- ' A o^ X ^ V* •^ v\-- .y v s s x A ^ '> ' \^ *. \\- V * ' " A- c*- Ci A-' ! V ^ <V c- A ^ c* / • ■\ ^ THE NEW WORLD OR MECHANICAL SYSTEM TO PERFORM THE LABOURS OP man IND BEAST P.Y INANIMATE powers. THAI" COST NOTHING, FOR PRODUCING IND PREPARINQ Till: si B8TAN0B OF I. IKK WITH PI.ATKs. BY J. A ETZLER. AS A SEQUEL OF HIS "PARADISE." It is proved horc from experience : — How to cultivate 80,000 n'-rcs by one machine anil three or four men, with I capital of li • '" l "c most su- perior mode— how to clear land ftom trees, slumps, roots and stones; till and drain swamps, make dams, canals, ditches, roads, and per- form any kind of work in the ground; build houses, and furnish as much inanimate power as desired, for ever, for any place and any station- ary machine — all by the same system. ttc wise examines before he judges , The fool judges before he examines. *** Washing PHILADELPHIA: PUBLISHED BY C. F. STOLLMEYER, FOREIGN AND AMERICAN BOOKSTORE, No. 64 SOUTH FOURTH STREET. 1341. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1840, by J. A. ETZLER, In the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. STEREOTYPED BY S. DOUGLAS WYETH, No. 7 Pear Street, Philadelphia. THE NEW WORLD MECHANICAL SYSTEM INTRODUCTION. My "Paradise," &c. surveys the great materials of the world, and shows the powers and means, in general, to make .1 paradise, not of superstitious and childish fancy, but of intelligence, and all the enjoyments that the present world affords to man, as far as the knowledge of the present age teaches, and as the most informed and enlightened men of the present day would wish. The present book, as a sequel of my " Paradise," gives the details of a mechanical system, actuated by powers demonstrated in that book, to produce a terrestrial paradise of abundance without labour of either man or beast. / 1 prove here minutely what 1 have proved in general in my " Paradise," by experience known to every one. To accommodate the dullest and laziest mind, 1 accompany this with plates of the machinery, of which every part is tested by prac- tice, and give all the explanations and calculations required ; and tender, in addition, models for inspection of the same system. I offer contracts for the execution of the whole or any part thereof, on easy terms, say ten per cent, of the profit, or some equivalent. The things I offer here to you, are, in short, these, viz. Powers that are much stronger than all the men and beasts to- gether you are able to muster, and as strong as you wish them, most obedient to your will, imperishable, indefatigable, working for you day and night, for ever, without food or wages, and which, with a few simple tools, cultivate all your land, build your houses, make all your desirable canals and roads, and carry you and your things from place to place as quickly as you please, and ultimately change your country — your unproductive woods and prairies, your dismai swamps and ponds, your mountains and vallies, and your poorly cultivated farms — into a general paradise. 1* 4 INTRODUCTION. These powers and tools will perform all the labours much better than either human hands or beasts could ever do. They will make large reservoirs, in the most convenient places, for the double purpose of tilling, by the power of water- falls, and of irrigating the soil around each to the distance of miles. They will clear your ground from trees, stumps, roots and rocks, and prepare the land for the finest garden culture. They will cut out of the ground rocks in rectangular shapes, and fit them for pavements and buildings, without cement, and erect houses or lay pavemei them. They will make any excavation, elevation or applanation of the ground, such, for instance, as canals, roads, wells, mines, dams, fill swamps and ponds and drain them to make a fertile garden of them, confine waters into narrower appropriate channels, make them navigable where wanted, and render thus the country free from pes- tilential exhalations and salubrious for ever. They will form roads to move carriages on them without machine — they will drive your thrashing or pressing machines, your mills, your factories, in short, all your stationary machines. They will do that most important business of all, viz. after having prepared and laid out your land in gardens and orchards, and surrounded them with dams and ditches for fences — plough and pulverize the soil, sift it from small stones, roots, fibres, &c, sow, mow, gather and remove the crops to the place of their final preparation, by thrashing machines, presses, mills, &c. driven by the same power gratuitously. To all this effect suffices the easy attendance of three or four men to one machine, not much bigger nor more complicated than a com- mon wagon, with a capital less than an equal extent of land would require for the most common implements (such as ploughs, spades, hoes, axes, &c.) one dollar per acre, or 20,000 dollars at rw cultivating a garden of 20,000 acres, producing as much as 40,000 acres of your present best agriculture, enough for the wants of 40,000 men in this climate, and for more than 100,000 men in the tropical climates. Ye, who are poor and of the labouring class, do not be alarmed at this invention. It will not deprive you of your poor pittance tor sustaining life, obtainable now by your petty drudgery. When 20,000 acres of garden can be cultivated by three or four men, with but one dollar capital (once for ever) per acre, you may easily be- come share-holders of joint stock companies, by paying from twenty to thirty dollars, and even this small sum, partly orentirely, in work of from one to three months, once for ever, and then enjoy the pro- duce of from ten to twenty acres for each share, without further trouble or expense — ami then live like gentlemen and ladies, to much belter purposes than those of a dull animal in a tread mill. Ye capitalists are under no restriction of applying your means to INTRODUCTION. 5 their full extent, and your •• . Your produces hero are not limited by the demands of fancj bion, but co-extensive with tl ! wati's of all the nations of the world. rieh ami poor, may procure with the surplus of your produces all the things saleable in the world. Do not longer be bo silly as to imagine that wretchedness is the • of your lives — it is the destiny of brutes, who do n amine, nor reason. I, K>k to tl)'- vast extent of thi —How much Of it i- as yet by the human racel — Not one hundredth part of it; thi ninety-nine hundredth part, and mo waiting for the culture of man. The better hall' lobe, the tropical Lween thirty degrees north anil 801 ;li latitude, with a per- petual vegetation and mild temp nature, ■ w <, pro- ducing t< ■ 1 1 thousand differenl kinds of plants, unexpl their names and exterior struct man, unit gated yet as to their susceptibility of improvement in quantity, flavour ami wholesomeness (as has been don . with our ■• fruits, &C.). What a strong evidence of general lad; of intelligence (good sound sense) ! Dull domestic animals cling to their native or accustomed pi. so dull man, in his natural ignoran ■>'. wh r civilized — to him his little country is his world — the intelligent will c • the whole globe as his legitimate home. ; rnni survey it, and select th' best spot on it he can find for his abode — the intelligent is a cosmo- polite, the dull and ignorant a I being. See now how tl 9 kill and eat each other — how tl: hzed wrestle with each other, in a universal scramble, for their poor pittance of substances to till their stomachs, cover their nakedness, shelter their bodies against the inclemencies of a hostile climate — to buy as cheap as possible, to sell as dear as possible, in order to obtain from each other what they want, while none has ever enough, and to escape as much as possible from hard, fatiguing, unpleasant labours and services — are the objects of every one through life. See how stinted and spoiled and few their pleasures of life are by the remembrance and iear of what they cost them, how accumulated their physical, moral and mental sufferings are ! — They do not see the vast, beautiful, uncultivated wildernesses of the globe. They never thought, nor did their school-masters teach them to survey the resources (the powers and productions) of nature, and using them for the best benefit of man. Their study ever has been how to take from each other what little they possessed. The savage and the civilized man act on the impulse of the narrow circumstances of the moment, the customs and their confined horizon. 6 INTRODUCTION. Murdering or enslaving many millions of human beings, supersti- tious persecutions, search after a little yellow and white metal, and glistening pebbles of no utility, cultivation and traffic in useless or worse than useless articles, that form the staple of commerce (what is the utility of tobacco, coffee, tea, dyestuff for mankind, if it was not for silly habits ?) some drugs, &c. have been as yet but the fruits of the discovery and conquest of the new worlds, that could be the happy abodes of a hundred times the population of all the civilized world. With these facts before your eyes, are you yet willing to re-echo the boast of our age being an enlightened one? A most unfortunate notion, that keeps man a stationary being. Our age is richer in knowledge of the globe than any former, the civilized nations are more powerful, by their gunpowder and navigation, than any of the past ages — but our age wants enlightening, i. e. a rational use of this knowledge. Rise, for once, above your present petty concerns, to a survey of the materials of your present world, within your reach, for a better existence. Cease, for once, the practice of blindly ridiculing with boyish levity every attempt to progress in science and improve- ments. Remember the disgrace to humanity, that neither Columbus, nor Robert Fulton, nor any man who did something towards the progress of the human race, could find men, but only boys to hoot at their propositions, instead of examining them and reasoning, like men ought to do, for their own benefit and that of mankind in general. Read, and read again, the brief and rich contents of my " Paradise," and this present book, until you have comprehended them fully — they are yet the only books you have on the science to produce the substances of life and real wealth in abundance, by nature's power — the only science necessary to mankind. There is nothing in them above the meanest comprehension — no fancy or guess work, but only plain material things, such as you can see and handle your- selves. — See whether you can discover any falsehood, any insuffi- ciency of proofs, any thing that is not proved by experience within your own knowledge — examine and scrutinize the subject — exact investigation is the sign of intelligence (good sense); prejudice, that prevents examination, the sign of a brute, not of prudence or wit. — The examination, here requested of you, will cost you less exertion than your ordinary drudgery of one week, and the result of this little inquiry will save you and your friends and posterity for ever from all drudgery and poverty. If I was rich enough, knowing as I do the repugnance to a little mental exertion. I would, for the benefit of the poor human aped.es, cheat you into the task of learning and examining the matter laid before you. 1 would do as kind school masters do with their little GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SYSTEM. 7 pupils — they will give to the pupils a little sugar for learning their lessons, and thus cheat them into learning. I would set a premium, not of sugar, but of money, for learning this my new science, say for instance, 810 to any poor, and $100 to any rich, lazy individual, and a still higher premium for discovering any material error or in- sufficiency of my proofs for the purposes expressed by me, sav $1000. This would be more than sufficient to cheat you all into learning the means for your own great fortune, for 1 know you will do much more for such a sum of money than the small trouble here required. But as the case is now, you will have to wait for such an irresistible inducement to examination, until 1 shall possess the wealth for it, or some other liberal body will do as much for you. In the meantime, you may take my good will for the deed. GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SYSTEM. The principle and advantage of this, or any other mechanical contrivance, consists, as I have stated already in my " Paradise," not in the mere machinery, but in the efficiency and cheapness of power to drive the machine. People of sound sense are, therefore, not puzzled with inventing a machine for accomplishing a certain purpose, but they look for the power for it, and seek the advantage of machinery in the cheapness of the fencer for the machines or tools. If this doctrine appears new to you, it is merely owing to your school masters, who did not instruct you of it, being a branch of mathematics, though the chief one of real utility, which they would, in all likelihood, think as foreign to a liberal education as the making your shoes and coats yourselves. These school masters may, how- ever, be excusable for this lack of reason on the same plea as you, viz. : that their school masters afforded to them no better education. Still you may easily supply this defect by a little reflection of your own, for which no period of your life is too late. To contrive a tool or machine effecting a certain purpose a little better than another, is but a small matter, though it may be of great advantage to some individuals. I directed my study to the source of useful machinery, i. e. the powers, and then to the most useful of all machines first. I investigated and surveyed the great powers in nature, in order to select the cheapest and most universal ones of them. Next to GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SYSTEM. this inquiry, I thought the machine to cultivate the land and multiplv the substances of human life, the real wealth, to be the most useful of all others. I found, at the same time, the operations of agricul- ture to be the simplest and coarsest of all human works, requiring, therefore, the least complexity of tools. I found the cheapest powers to be those that cost nothing at all, and among them those the most preferable that are the most universal, viz. : wind and water. It is generally the case that those things which are constantly before our eyes, attract the least notice of us. Some fellow, on being shown a forest before him, asked : " Where is the forest ? 1 cannot see it, there are too many trees." " Why, my friend, these trees are what is called a forest," was the reply. " Oh, I have seen these trees long before this time," he rejoined, " is that all ?" Those, who are like him, will say, on reading of the power of wind and waterfall, in my " Paradise," &c. — " Oh, I knew all that long ere this : show me but your wonderful machines to do the proposed work — this is the mystery which you are unable to solve. When you will have made the machines, and in operation, I will come and see ; but until then, let me alone with any of your reasonings." — And thus they imagine to have fairly dismissed the subject. If such were the observation but of certain individuals or classes of people, we might dismiss them as mere idiots and not deem them deserving any further notice. But what shall I do, if this is the universal reception of my proofs? Why, if that is all I have to expect from my cotemporaries, not even any attention, not any examination, [ may as well cry in the wilderness, and reason with monkeys ; you confess then, it is quite as foolish in me to attempt reasoning with you. Science, reason, all proceeding from facts, have then no v/eightin the scale of your estimation. You want me first to make the machines and with them the paradise itself, before you will care for my arguments. You may wait then till doomsday, for I declare I am as little able to do all this myself as to build a palace, or a first rate ship, or make a railroad of a hundred miles with my own hands and means, though I know how to make them and prove their feasibility nearly as well as my machines and paradise. I am forced to these remarks ; for my " Paradise" has been before the American public and government these seven years, and before the British public these five years ; it lias been read by thousands, and come to the notice of hundreds of thousands — it proves by unde- niable plain facts what I assert in it, and solicits but examination, and all without effect — this speaks volumes. I published it not for amusement, hut for study and reflection and causing application to me for further communications. I defy the world to disprove my facts and arguments derived therefrom. When learning will descend from the heavens, and from the GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE SYSTEM. 9 rubbish of ignorant, barbarous antiquity, down to the plain material substances of our present world — when the study of plain real things will be valued more than obscure words of indefinite meaning — when governments will think it their business to provide for the well being of the community and to investigate the means for it — then my " Paradise" and this present book will become the paramount object of inquiry and the first science of every man, woman and child, until they can show a more important, a more useful one. Must I then prove, that the productiveness of the earth, and the powers to cultivate it, are the chief, nay, the sole resources of human happiness ? — When you admit the truth of my proofs, that both the productiveness of the globe and the powers of nature exist in super- abundance, have your highly and profoundly learned schoolmasters cultivated your understanding so little, that you cannot draw any useful inference from these facts? — When you are taught how any portion you desire of those gigantic powers, in any place, can be made to cause any rotatory or vibratory motion of a wheel or shaft — can all this induce you to no conclusion, how then any machine may be connected with that wheel or shaft and receive the impulse of that power, which may thus be transferred from place to place and ren- dered operative on any machine? Could all these demonstrations of plain simple facts in my " Paradise" afford no ground to contrive then the adapted tools or machines for any mechanical purpose, or induce- any person, or aggregate of persons, high or low, rich or poor, learned or unleared, to comply with my request, to make themselves known to me and express their desire for a further communication on the minor details offered by me for the specified purposes, in case , they could not, or would not, supply them themselves ? Perhaps the following simile will help to understand my reasoning. Suppose somebody should come to a farmer and say ; " I have invented a glorious machine, that will plough all your lands ; so you need no longer leave your many hundred acres of woods and prairies idle ; my invention will plough them all." The farmer would probably be curious enough to see that useful invention ; and lo ! what should he behold ? — a number of ploughs joined together, to plough many furrows at once ! Upon this the farmer would justly ask: " What is to pull all these ploughs?" " Why what else," would the inventor say, " but your horses or oxen." " My friend," the farmer would observe, " what is the utility of your invention of joining ploughs together, if I have to apply to them my beasts and drivers as well as before ?" " But are not my ploughs very useful ?" the inventor might say — and the farmer : " Yes, but it is not from want of ploughs, that I leave waste my land, but for want of horses or oxen, of food for them, and of wages for men to attend to them, which requires a good deal of money. If I had them, I could easily do 10 GENERAL ILLUSTEATIONS OF THE SYSTEM. without ploughs ; a limb of a tree shaped by me into a sort of hook would do the business then already, though good iron ploughs a little better." On the other hand, let us suppose, somebody should come to a farmer and tell him : " I have found a most useful animal, that is a hundred times stronger than a horse, is most obedient, has no self- will at all, will never die, never tire, but work day and night, for ever, it neither eats nor drinks, nor sleeps, nor is in any way burthensome; and with all these precious qualities it is very cheap, it costs nothing at all, and you may have as many of such animals as you like — one driver is enough to drive a number of these mammoth animals. Now you may farm all your lands and much more of your neighbours', if you choose, much cheaper with these animals than they can afford to do." Suppose the farmer would reply: " What is the use of these animals; show but the machine for the use of such strong animals, or else I care not for them." The discoverer of these animals, if he should happen to possess more sense than those, who cannot see the use of my powers, would have to reply : " Why, my friend, what great machine can it require to break and crumble your soil, for receiving the seed and admitting air and moisture, if you have strength enough and to spare ? Take a log, or a big harrow, with any sort of pricks or hooks, to hook and tear into the ground, and — put the strong animal before it — till you find somebody willing to accom- modate you with tools a little better." So it is with all the works of agriculture, and any other in, or upon, the ground ; they are the very simplest and coarsest of all human operations, but the most useful and universal of all. You have here the case of my " Paradise" and of the present work. My "Paradise" supplies you with the knowledge of powers and their management to render them operative on machines; my present book with that of mere tools. People of sound sense and inflection appreciate my " Paradise" above all things — no matter that its materials were not unknown before — idiots value my machine only as the principal thing, until they will discover, that my machine also contains nothing new, like my " Paradise," still does the business purposed. The value of my mechanical system consists then 1. In having powers enough and gratuitously; 2. In making them drive any stationary machine, and 3. In making the stationary machine drive a locomotive. The first and second part is amply proved in my " Paradise," and the third pointed out in a general way, but will be minutely shown in the present book. A water wheel, or in defect of it, a windmill, drives a locomotive, DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. 11 called by me the Satelitc, which performs the preparatory and agri- cultural works. To create a constant power from an interrupted and irregular one, like wind, a windmill is to be erected, and by its power the Satclite to be driven, to form the elevated reservoir, and, if wanted, also a well. When this is done, more windmills may be erected around the reservoir, and each of them raise water from the well or other water below up to the elevated reservoir, by an endless chain of buckets, or otherwise, until the reservoir is full. Then a water wheel at an outlet of the reservoir, to be turned by a waterfall from it, is to be constructed, which, thereafter is to drive the Satelite,orany stationary machine. In cases where water can be collected into the reservoir from running water, from a higher ground, or from periodical rains, &c., the windmills will not be necessary. Such cases will occur on de- clivities of mountains, or in tropical regions during the rainy seasons almost any where. The water power may thus be obtained for ever, of any amount, for any place, being transferable to places of many miles distance, through canals or pipes. DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. (1) The Windmill. To save all attendance of men, I suggest a horizontal one, which requires no adjusting to the wind, and as the simplest 1 can think of, the following : Fig. I. represents a vertical view from above, and Fig. II. a horizontal view of such a windmill ; " " 1, 2, 1, 2, ... . two beams crossing each other, and turn- ing at their centre on a pivot, at 1; " " 5, 3 — 5, 4, a similar cross parallel to the upper one ; Fig. I. and II. 7, 8, a ring with cogs, forming the centre of the cross 5, 3—5, 4. Fig. II. 1, 5, a pillar, around which the ring, 7, 8, turns, on friction rollers, between them ; « » 2, 3 — 2, 4 — 6, 7 — 6, 8, bars to form frames with the two crosses 1, 2 . . . and 5, 3 — 5, 4. Fig. I. and II., a vertical cog wheel to be turned by the ring 7, 8 ; 12 DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. Fig. 1. and If. 10, 10 ... . planks or sails to fill said frames, each plank or sail at spindles a little above their middle, so that their lower parts being heavier, keeps them hanging in a vertical position ; " " 11, 11, ... . are bolts to stop the said sails in their vertical position, while the wind presses them on one side against them, and when their opposite sides are presented to the wind, their lower parts being the broadest, are lifted up by the wind, and kept in a horizontal position, presenting thus only their edges to the wind. The wings on one side of the windmill will thus be always shut, and receive the full force of the wind, while those on the opposite side are open, and let the wind pass through their interstices. Fig. II., 6, 2, 4, 8, represent a wing closed, and the opposite opened ; Fig. I., 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 3, ... . and ) areropes to strength - " II., 1, 3—1, 4—6, 2—6, 2—7, 3—8, 4 \ en the resistance of the wings ; « " 12, 13, the line of the horizon. (2) The means to form a Reservoir and Well, by an incompleted Satelite. Fig. I. and II., 9, 14, 15, a rope, its end at 9 wound around a roller, on the axle of the wheel 9 ; " " 14, a pully or roller, to give to the rope its direction want- ed, its pivot fixed into the ground : " " 15, 16, a carriage (called an incompleted Satelite) pulled by the rope 9, 14, 15 ; " " 18, a cylinder (instead of fore wheels) with pricks or spades ; Fig. I. and II., 19, a wheel of which the cogs or bars fit into the in- terstices of the rows of pricks of the cylinder 18, to clean them from dirt sticking between them ; " " 17, a scoop or scraper, to take up the earth broken loose by the cylinder 18 ; Fig. I., 20, a bar to steer or turn the carriage, by lifting and swing- ing its hind part ; " " 22, 23, 23, gradual position of the carriage in swinging around 14, at its arrival there, and progress in the line from 23 to 20 while another rope is pulling around the roller 20 and at 9, the former rope 14, 9, and the wheel 9, 7, being disengaged ; DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. 13 Fig. I. 24, the carriage in a third line parallel to the former, but opposite towards 26, being pulled in the same direction as at 15, 14, 9. Fig. III. the same carriage as 15, 16, I. and II., without scoop or scraper, instead of which, " " 1, 2, a diagonal log, before which the earth broken loosr by the cylinder with pricks, will accumulate and glide along it, from 1 to :.', where it is Left out of the track of the carriage. " " 2, 3, 4, 5, a plough, to rai^e the earth accumulated along the bank of the excavation on a grade of 1 to 2 ','• height and width ; " " 5, an inclined plane, its fore edge of iron, upon which the earth glides, while the carriage proceeds ; " " 3, 4, a board screwed ;agonal log, inclinhi_ to the higher grade, to press the earth ascending on the plane 5, and deposit it on the higher grade. Fig. IV. the profile of the commenced bank along the excavation ; " " 1, 2, the line of the horizon ; " " 3. the bank ; " " 4, first grade ; " " 5, second grade ; " » 6, the plough, fig. III. 2, 3, 4, 5. Fig. V. a front view of the cylinder 15, 16, fig. I. and II. withou: pricks and with two felloes eJgud of iron, to cut across small roots, fibres, &c. in, or on, the ground, in lines of every direction. Fig. VI. a profile of a well, in the different state of progressing excavation by the means described ; " " 1, the carriage; " " 1, 2, the rope pulling the carriage ; " " 3, 4, the line of the horizon ; " " 5, a position of the carriage in the progress of the work ; " " 4, 6, the rope pulling the carriage ; " " 3, 7, 4, the bottom of the excavation made ; " " 8, position of the carriage in the further progress of the work ; " " 4, 8, the rope pulling the carriage. Fig. VII. plan of a reservoir and well ; " " 1 , the reservoir : 14 DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. Fig. VII. 2, the well ; " " 3, the water wheel ; " " 4, 4, 4, 4, the dam ; " " 5, 5, 5, 5, the bottom of the ditch on a level with that of the well ; " " 6, 7 ... . the channels for leading raised water into the reservoir. The crosses represent the wind mills. " " 8, 9, the line in which is taken the profile. Fig. VIII. the profile of the reservoir's dam and ditch ; " " 1, 2, the line of the horizon ; « " 3, the bottom of the ditch ; " " 4, the top of the dam. (3) Contrivance to raise water. Fig. IX. endless chain of buckets ; " " 1, 2, the ring 7, 8, fig. I. and II. ; " " 3, 4, the vertical wheel 9, fig. 1. and II. ; " " 5, 6, a box, through which the chain of buckets runs ; " " 7 and 8, rollers, around which the chain winds, the upper one being a hollow tube ; ' '« 7, 9, 10, 7, the buckets connected with each other by bolts merely. Fig. X. the vertical view of the same contrivance ; " « 1, 1, the wheel 1, 2, fig. IX. ; « « 3, 4, the wheel 3, 4, fig. IX. ; " " 5, C, the box 5, 6, fig. IX. ; " " 7, 7, the roller 7, 7, fig. IX. ; " " 8, 9, one bolt, 2 buckets. " " 11, 11, 8, 9 and 12, 12, space between two buckets, through which the water falls when arrived within the box 5, 6 ; " " 13, an opening for the water falling into the inside of the tube, which makes the roller 7, 7, fig. IX.; " " 12, 14, 14, 14, the outside of the roller 7, 7, fig. IX. ; " " 7, 7, 15, 15, the inside of the hollow roller ; " " 11, 16, the spindle of the same ; " " 17, 17, the pillar of fig. I. II. 1, 5, in which the said roller turns. (4) XI. Contrivance to use the full •power of a Water-fall of a great Height. « " 1, 2, the outlet of the reservoir ; DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERV. 15 Fig. XI. 2, 3, the fall of the water through a tube ; " " 4, the water-wheel. (5.) THE SATELITE. A. To advance the Satelite by alternate pulling of two ropes. Fig. XII. represents a vertical view from above of a completed satelite ; Fig. XIII. a horizontal view to one side of the same, in a direction at right angles with it. Fig. XII. 1, 2, 3, 4, and ) the frame, with wagon wheels at its Fig. XIII. 1, 2, $ hind end; Fig. XII. and XIII. 5, 6, the cylinder with pricks or spades ; Fig. XIII. 7, 8, 9, three cogs, at each end of it, always one at one end between two of the other, at equal distance ; Fig. XII. and XIII. 10, 11, stokes to push at 8, with its prominence against one of the cogs 7, 8, 9, alternately at each end of the cylinder ; Fig. XII. 11, hinge of the said stokes in the  at 17, to push fore and backward. Fig. XIII. 11, 12, balance beams; Fig. XII. and XIII. 15, 16, a long balance turning on the pivot at 17, united with the disk 13, 14 by " " 18, a bolt, by which the position of the long balance may be accommodated to the direction of the ropes, as they alter, from time to time, shifting the holes for the bolt, 13, 14 ; " " 15, 16, pullies. " " 20, 21, two rollers, one above another, and detached from each other, turning on the pivot 17 ; « " 19, 15, 20, 22 and 19, 16, 20, 21, 23, two ropes, at 22 and 23, wound around " " 24, 25 and 26, 27, a windlass, to wind on or off, by Fig. XIII. 23, 24, a handspike, the ropes for prolonging or shorten- ing them, as the distance of the Satelite may require. Fig. XII. and XIII. 27, wagon wheels to prevent the pricks from touching the ground, when not to be used ; " " 28, sticks to keep the propelling stokes in their directions. The alternate pulling of the ropes 19, 15 and 19, 16, will thus cause 16 DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. the cylinder 5, 6, to revolve, and, by it, the Satelite to advance. B. To steer the Satelite. Fig. XII. 3, 4, is an axle-tree ; Fig. XII. and XIII. 29, 30, a bar at its centre, 31, hinged with its centre, within a slit of the axle-tree, so that the bar may be turned, by a push of the conductor, at its pivot, from one side to the other while the axle-tree revolves. When the bar forms right angles with the axle-tree and being sunk with its fore end to the ground so as to stick against it, the progress of the Satelite makes it rise in a vertical position and stand on one end, and lift thus the hind part of the Satelite above the ground, which is to balance on the bar ; this is the moment, when the conductor has to push it on that side he wants, to alter the Satelite's direc- tion as required. « " 32, 33, or 34, 35 are the different directions to be given to the bar 29, 30. C. To break the Ground. The cylinder's pricks effect this already, for which purpose the wagon wheels 27, fig. XII. and XIII. are to be taken off. Fig. XII. 36, 36, represents stiff brushes of some elasticity, scratch- ing the sticking dirt from the interstices of the rows of the pricks or spades. Fig. XIII. 36, 1, 36, the space which the brushes may occupy; Fig. XII. 37, 37, a beam, or two beams, holding the handle of the brushes. Fig. XIII. 37, the line of the horizon. D. To Plough. Fig. XII. and XIII. 38, 38, a diagonal beam fixed in the frame, with plough shares, each screwed or bolted into it from below by two screws or bolts, the beam held between two blocks at each end, where it can be raised or lowered and fastened at will. DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. 17 E. To pulverize and sift the Soil. Fig. XII. and XIII. 39, 39, a beam hinged in the frame. " " 39, 40, knives fastened into the beam 39, 39, forming tines of a comb, to cut into small pieces the clods. In their situation represented, they will also cut harder substances, as wood, stones, &c. When brought into the situation 39, 41, XIII. the objects, if hard, will pass over their upper edges, and may drop into a box behind the comb, as indicated between the lines 25, 26, XIII., to be emptied by the conductor from time to time. When in a vertical position 39, 42, the harder objects may be cut, or will accumulate before the comb, which may be turned the lower edge backward from time to time, to leave the sifted objects in a pile on the ground. F. To level the pulverized Soil. Fig. XII. and XIII. 43, is a log or board, which can be raised or lowered at will, in a fold at each end, to strike the surface of the ground at ;i proper level ; if raised at one end a little higher than at the other, it may give to the surface of the soil a gentle inclination so as to prevent stagnation of water. G. To Sow. Fig. XII. XIII. 44, is a board, its lower edge dentated, to strike small furrows or grooves into the prepared soil, for receiving the seed. " " 45, 45, a beam hinged at both ends on the frame : " " 46, 46, 47, the seed box, fastened at said beam ; Fig. XII. 48, 48, and i the bottom of said box with holes, or slits, 48 Fig. XIII. 47, 47, \ to let the seed pass through. Fig. XII. 49, 49, 49, 49, a cylinder, its upper convexity fitting into the concavity of the lower side of the seed box ; Fig. XII. 50, 50, dotted lines, and > represent grooves to receive the Fig. XIII. 50, 50, \ seed from the seed box, drop- ping through the holes at the bottom, and from the grooves, by the cylinder's revolving, they will drop then into the furrows of the ground underneath, drawn by the dentated 2 18 DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. board, 44. At the outside of the frame are wagon wheels, at the cylinder fixedly, and large enough to prevent the cylinder from touching the ground. Fig. XII. and XIII. 51, 51, a board to strike the ground and cover the seed with earth, either by levelling it, or with a dentated edge, draws furrows between the rows of the seed, to raise the soil above it. j, H. To extirpate Weeds, and dress the Soil between Plants. Fig. XIV. and XV. 1, 2, an axle tree ; Fig. XIV. 3, 4, — 3, 4, high wagon wheels ; Fig. XIV. and XV. 5,6, sticks each with a hole, through which passes the axle tree; " " 7, 8, the line of the horizon. This contrivance is to be put into the place of the cylinder, 5, 6, XII. and XIII. The satelite is then to be so directed that the shovel ploughs pass between the rows of the plants, and the wheels are to be high enough that the axle tree passes above them. I. To Mow. Fig. XII. and XIII. 52, 53, a balance beam turning on the pivot « " 17, and bolted to the disk, 13, 14, at 14 or 18, to vibrate with the balance beam, 15, 16: " " 54, 55, the scythe, with four blades, their edges outward, and arched, to strike the objects in a very small and equal angle ; Fig. XII. 52, 56 and ) a vertical board to receive and throw to Fig. XIII. 52, 54, 55, 56, ] the side the objects cut; Fig. XII. 57, 57, 58 and i fa Fig. XIII. 54, 57, 55, $ nones * <c « 52, 57—56, 57—58, 56—58, 52 and ) handles of the Fig. XII. 54, 57 — 57, 55 \ hones swinging at " » 52. 56 and } hinges, at each swing of the scythc y to strike Fig. XIII. 57 \ on the edge of the blades, to keep them sharp, if too much, the hones' weight is to be decreased, if too little, increased. DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINERY. 19 J. To gather and remove the Crops. Fig. XII. 59, the bottom of a cart ; " " 60, 60 — 61, 62, side boards, of triangular form, the back- side high ; " « 60, 62, back boards; " " 60, 61, a log with teeth in front, to take the objects up from between the stubbles ; " " 63, 63, wheels ; " " 64, 65, bars to fasten the cart to the satelite. K. To hammer. 