title: Therapeutic sarcognomy. The application of sarcognomy, the science of the soul, brain and body, to the therapeutic philosophy and treatment of bodily and mental diseases by means of electricity, nervaura, medicine and haemospasia, with a review of authors on animal magnetism and massage and presentation of new instruments for electro-therapeutics.
text: -olf »?**, '&MK5FJ *<°* '•SUm*! >°v '-Tfr«' .o» <^ '•?:,•' J jr ... ^""" .<*' "of v v. c. <?, .*. .*. * ^o* .*^r.* / \^^\<p v*^;-\/ %-^^v/ ^ .SsJ&z.%. y.'A'i:./^ ^.tfifc.V yj *->' ; *???>* \/^$V* *v^?V* %^$\4? ^/^-aflfe'v^'.-'' ^t:^ % * *r V'Tri^ jP v * ^r^* > k *> -; »°V v- star-. ^«i >VSfe*. ^rf* .'.fro- ^ao* : L 0< oV > ^ V ,4^ :vm*e^: ,o r oV l > ^ +*o« fcs? :*■ *<> ••TT.»* .** v^V- ' >v <* *<...• Z^ <& ♦ **b' ^ *. » ^ : * « EXPLANATION OF THE PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL CHART OF SARCOGNOMY. All human faculties are inherent in the soul, and are manifested through the co-operation of the brain ; every distinct portion of the brain having a distinct function. The relation of the brain to the body through the spinal cord and other nerves establishes an exact sympathy between each part of the surface of the brain and the cor- responding parts of the surface of the body ; thus the upper half of one corresponds and sympathizes with the upper half of the other, and the lower half with the lower — the anterior with the anterior and the posterior with the posterior. The map of the organs of the brain is reproduced on the body. This wonderful discovery, made in 1842, has been verified in innu- merable experiments since by myself and my pupils, and, being a law of nature, is verified in every disease. But its easy verification by simple experiments, and its universal presence as the law of life in dis- ease, have not led to its discovery or even the suspicion of its existence- Its demonstration is so easy and convincing that the science will be universally recognized as the most important addition ever made to biology, as soon as the attention of the educated is seriously given to the investigation ; for all competent and candid observers will easily find what I have found, and what all my pupils readily discover in others or in themselves. In these engravings, designed not for psychic philosophy, but for the guidance of therapeutic treatment, I have not thought it necessary to make minute psychic divisions. Heroism, for example, is not sep- arated from Firmness, nor Approbativeness from Health, nor any sub- division introduced between Adhesiveness and Combativeness. The reader should understand that each portion of the surface of the body is related directly to a physiological function, and only indirectly to a psychic function, through its sympathetic connection with the psychic organ, the brain. When the nervous system is very active and sensitive, the psychic effects are conspicuous ; but when the opposite condition exists, there is far less of psychic effect from any operation on the body. To appreciate Sarcognomy justly this entire volume must be pe- rused, for a science cannot be satisfactorily represented by a map, nor is this volume a perfect and complete exposition of the subject; its chief purpose is to guide those who wish to reduce its principles to practice. Many things have been omitted which would have been introduced in a more extensive volume, and I would mention one im- portant omission as to the location just behind Sanity, marked as Dignity in the posterior view, which is of much value as a tonic to the mind and nervous system, reinforcing the will-power, mental and physical inspiration, and independence of character. THERAPEUTIC SARCOGNOMY. THE APPLICATION OF SARCOGNOMY, THE SCIENCE OF THE SOUL, BRAIN AND BODY, Therapeutic Philosophy and Treatment BODILY AND MENTAL DISEASES BY MEANS OF Electricity, Nervaura, Medicine and Haemospasia, With a Review of Authors on Animal Magnetism and Massage, and Presentation of New Instruments for Electro-Therapeutics. t By JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN, M.D., author of System of Anthropology," "Manual of Psychometry," and "The New Education." Formerly Dean of the Faculty of the Eclectic Medical Institute, and Professor of Physiology and Institutes of Medicine in Four Med- ical Colleges successively from 1846 TO l88l. BOSTON : G. CUPPLES CO., Publishers. 1891. Copyrighted, 1S91, By J. R. BUCHANAN, M.D. All rights reserved. 4 Hodges &* Adams, Printers, 21 Knapp St., Bouoru TO MY NOBLE, WISE AND MODEST FRIEND, UNEQUALLED AMONG MILLIONS IN THE READY, JUST AND GENEROUS APPRECIATION OF GREAT TRUTHS, EULOGIO PRIETO, OF CUBA, (Jifn'a Ufllume is Effect ton atclg ©eotcaUo bg The Author. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. I NTRODUC TION Discovery of the cerebral functions. The grandeur of its scope and the resistance of mental inertia. A few honorable recognitions. The Medical Faculty, the Scotch Phrenologists, and the Academy of Sciences. The Eclectic movement. Position of the medical profession as expressed by Prof. Gross and others. Discovery and statement of Sarcognomy. Cerebral physi- ology and corporeal psychology. Practical value of Sarcognomy and char- acter of my lectures and demonstrations. Practical certainty. Future of Sarcognomy in relation to medicine. The present volume, . . 5- CHAPTER II. dF LIFE AS A SPIRITUAL POWER, AND ITS LOCATION IN THE BRAIN. Ancient medical philosophy spiritual or vital. Des Cartes the apostle of modern scepticism. His visionary dogmatism. Prof. Huxley a follower. Medical scepticism criticised by Dr. Lionel Beale. Living structures confound materialism. Unfairness and intolerance of medical dogmatism. Its repu- diation by Dr. Reynolds. The unproved hypotheses of scientists. Physio- logical statements of Prof. Bennett and absurd theory. Phenomena of living bodies described by Dr. Beale. Phenomena of amoebae and white globules of the blood. Prof. Ranvier's statements. Phenomena of bacteria and vibriones. Ciliary movements illustrated. Movements of hydra. Life in simple microscopic structures. Vegetable life similar to animal. Illus- trative examples. Haeckel's wild hypothesis of spontaneous generation. Huxley's admission that abiogenesis never occurs. The example of Monera refutes materialism. "Bastian's description of amoebae and evasion of the issue. No anatomical difference to explain different vital endow- ments in the nerves. Vitality an independent and permanent existence which should be honestly recognized. Total failure of the fashionable physiology to explain muscular motion by caloric. Exposition of this ab- surdity. Fallacious ideas of the action of the brain and its influence on health. Fallacies in education. Chemical constitution of living matter. Brain matter different from Huxley's protoplasm. Oxygen a necessary ele- ment. Bioplasm cannot be chemically produced. Nervous influx indis- pensable to life. Life dependent on nervous centres and nuclei. Comes from the nervous system and leaves from the brain. Death from below upwards, as shown by Bernard. More important to energize the brain and soul than to cultivate the body. Effect of dark or watery blood on the brain. Effect of pressure. Effect of shower bath on head, and of ablation of the upper surface of the brain. Influx not exclusively to the bra'.n but also to the ganglia. Transference of senses to the epigastric region, and co-operation of central regions of the body with the brain. Influence of oxygen similar to a spiritual atmosphere. Influence of solar plexus, pineal - gland, and cardiac plexuses and ganglia. Cerebro-spinal system primitive seat of life. Development of the human embryo. Report of M. Gasparin on Belgian miners. Cerebral stimulants a substitute for food. Something more than chemical elements necessary. Spiritual causes equally important. Life arrested when transmission from brain is interrupted. Effect of injuries of the spinal cord. Fatality from severe laceration. Pathological effects of spinal injuries. Effects on the heart. Analogy to typhoid fever. Effects of injury of the brain. Typhus fever and cerebral disease. Effects of wounds of the brain. Bichat's experiments on the brain VI CONTENTS. in dogs. Majendie's injection of water. Great quantity of blood in the brain. Effects of injuries of nerves. Fallacy of Claude Bernard. Wasting of the muscles from lack of nervous influence. The ganglionic system dependent on the cerebro-spinal. Brain controls both voluntary and involuntary proc- esses, ............. 14—46 CHAPTER III. CRITICAL DISCUSSION AND EXPOSITION OF ERRORS. Tenacity of the old ideas. Centralization of life in higher developments. In- capacity to realize the functions of the heart and the brain. Disregard of Gall and indifference to experiments. Prof. Mitchell's experiments. De- fective reasoning capacity. Origin of life by influx. Sanative power of the brain. Philosophy of life. Huxley's admissions as to the vital power. Opposition to psychic science. Importance of psychic co-operation. If life is but the forces of matter the largest animals must have the most. Superiority of the small. Psychic truth demands our support. Vague ideas of physiologists : Todd and Bowman, Bennett, Flint, Bain. Doctrines of John Hunter, Dr. Prout, Muller, Beclard, Bichat, Carpenter. Life is not transformed heat. Carpenter's absurdities. Beale's statements as to the nerves. Chemical action not the source of life. Life always comes from life, as matter comes from matter. Ultimate seat of life in the tissues, in fluids and imponderables. Living substances in the air. How to obtain amoebae. Vital actions of minute bodies. Their psychic life. Character and action of bioplasm. How it forms the body. Passage of vital forces by contact, in and out of the body. Nerve organization beyond the microscope, « 47-65 CHAPTER IV. SARCOGNOMY — GENERAL VIEW. Definition of Sarcognomy. Its origin. Why do we recognize psychic in- fluence in the body. Contrary to prevalent medical doctrines. The mis- directed energy of the medical profession. Incapacity of the colleges for psychic investigations. The body has no psychic functions in man. Con- scious life in the brain, physiological processes in the body. Soul controls both. The triple reaction is the process of life. Vagary of Leibnitz. Fail- ure down to the present age to investigate these problems. The five great reasons for the failure. Ruskin's view of it. Gall and Swedenborg. Pur- pose of this work. Necessity for Sarcognomy. Its bases, philosophical, physiological, pathological and experimental. The triune sj-mpathies. Il- lustrations of Sarcognomy. To be treated only as a basis for healing. The three methods. Indications of impressibility. Psychic treatment. Man- ual treatment on brain and body. Correspondence of soul, brain and body. General statement and directions for operating. Laws of location of the organs, . 66-81 CHAPTER V. THE SPINAL REGION — ITS ANATOMICAL, NEUROLOGICAL, AND THERAPEUTIC RELATIONS. Duty of the healer. Necessary predominance of the upper and posterior re- gions. Their antagonism to the abdominal region. Upward passes. Morbid tendencies and vital relations of the abdominal region. Dispersive passes. Medical applications. Spinal region: demonstration of its impor- tance. Treatment of intermittent fever by M. Gondret on the spine. Counter-irritation at the origins of nerves. Special endowments and in- creased development of different parts of the spinal cord. Flexor muscles governed by upper, and extensor by lower portion of the cord. Importance of the cephalic region of the spine. Its brachial plexus and phrenic nerve. Its extensive distribution. The vertebral ganglia and arteries. Their con- trol over vital powers explained anatomically. Electric experience of Dr. Rockwell. Resuscitation of a moribund patient through the cephalic re- gion. Importance of the cephalic region in fevers. Testimony of Drs. Gerhard and Beard. The upper dorsal nerves and cilio-spinal region at the CONTENTS. Vll second dorsal nerve. Connection of the cuneus and angular gyrus in the brain with vision. Testimony of Onimus and Legros as to the cephalic re- gion. Thoracic and abdominal divisions of the dorsal region. Pulmonic influence of the dorsal region. Cardiac region of the cord. Caries of the spinal vertebrae, as reported by Brodie, showing the functions of the cord. Pathological observations of Dr. Little. Anatomical connections of the upper dorsal region. Treatment of hooping-cough through the upper spinal region. Differences of the upper and lower dorsal region explained. Illustrations in consumption, pneumonia. Sympathies of the chest with the upper region of the brain. Influence of the affections. Illustrations in sunstroke, typhus, and insanity. Connection of pneumonia and delir- ium. Relation of the heart to the dorsal and cervical regions. Illustrations of the lower dorsal region. Connection of the cephalic region with respiration and circulation, through the phrenic nerve, ganglia, and plexuses. Rela- tions of dorsal region to respiration. Experiment of Onimus and Legros. Relation of the diaphragm to the spine. Explanation of coughs. The most effective current for stimulating the diaphragm. Control of the lower dor- sal region over the abdominal functions. The respiratory tract on the abdomen. Experiments of Valentine and observations of Sherwood. Backache from constipation. Opposite tendencies of the upper and lower portions of the spinal cord. Power of the lumbar region. Experiments of Brachet on the lumbar region. Experiments of Budge. Anatomical de- scription of the lumbar and sacral nerves. Seats of sexual functions. Ob- servations of Longet, Breschet, and Brachet. Sacral and hypogastric plexuses. Budge's sexual centre. Connection of the sexual and muscular. Antagonism to brain in pelvic region and lower limbs. General view of the spine and its nervous control. Correlation and combination of functions. Van Kempen's experiment. Roots of the nerves. Complex relations of the heart with ganglia, phrenic nerve, and spine. Relations of the thoracic part of the cord. Cervical ganglia and pneumogastric. Relations of splanchnic nerves. Combina- tion of brain, lungs and stomach. Connection of cardiac and pulmonary nerve forces. Importance of the ganglionic system, . . . 82-124 CHAPTER VI. PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR THERAPEUTIC SPINAL TREATMENT. How to invigorate the brain for various purposes. Stimulation of posterior part of the body. Stimulation of the cephalic region. Treatment of the lungs through brain and body and by hsemostasis. Treatment of diaphragm. Treatment of the liver, stomach and bowels. Calorification and urinary organs. The Sexual energies. Treatment of paralysis. Six methods of treatment. Cerebral paralysis, . 125-134 CHAPTER VII. RELATION OF THE BRAIN TO VITALITY IN ITS DIFFERENT REGIONS. Division of the brain by the vertical and horizontal lines. Rational illustration. Plan of the human constitution, front and back, above and below the ventri- cles. Fundamental law of direction. Action of basilar organs. Their ef- fect on the body. Coronal organs antagonistic to the basilar. Effects of each. How the paralysis of either becomes fatal. Superior vitality of the upper surface of the brain. Anterior and posterior basilar organs. Seats of vital force at the base of the brain. The anterior basilar region and its subdivisions. The gastric region. Seat of appetite. The love of stimulus, effect of its development. How to control intemperance. Medical remedies. The moral and religious cure. Effects of malaria and of animal food. Treat- ment of the digestive organs through the brain. General character of the antero-basilar region. Calorification, how to excite it ; how to protect it. Effects of its overaction. The respiratory region. Signs of pulmonic dis-~" ease in the mouth. Region of Sensibility. Its confirmation by Ferrier. The organ of Language. Heating and cooling the temples. Region of Somnolence and its mental phenomena. Anterior coronal region. Tem- poral region, ... ....... i35-'45 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. ZON AL ARRANGEMENT AND THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT OF THE BRAIN. Explanation of Zonal Arrangement, with illustrations. Its indications of con- stitutional development. General law of functions. Vertical Zone of Ex- citability. Treatment on the cephalic region. Treatment of the heart. Of the thoracic region and of the liver. The Gastric and Abdominal region, and the Crural. The Morbid Zone explained. Hygienic caution, and curious illustrations. Relation of disease to the brain. Treatment of the Crural region. The Sexual region. Treatment of special functions. Health and disease. Sleep and wakefulness. The ideal powers. General vigor. Feverish conditions. Mental soundness. Warmth. Mental discipline. Nature of nervauric treatment, 146-159 CHAPTER IX. HEALTH AND ITS RESTORATION. Definition of Health as an organ and faculty. Why that name is used. Effects of the organ of Health. ^ Animation. Health associated with happiness, virtue, and activity. Position and influence of the organ. Its ethical and spiritual relations. Vital power and animation, disease and death. Func- tion of the shoulders and crown of the head. Relations of Health to ethics and religion. Its position in the brain between the moral and physical. The spiritual as the support of physical health. Deficiency of Language for nomenclature. Bia, Zoe, Anima, Animus, Psyche, Psychobiosis, and Psy- chodynamia as names. Animation and Health. Difficulty of expressing psychic and physical life in conjunction. Their combination in the superior posterior region of the brain and body. Healthful physical and moral ex- ercises. Cultivation of the sentiments qualifies for healing. Love and Health correlative. Experience of Dr. Jennings. Personal healing by New- ton and others. The religious and spiritual elements. Necessity of sci- entific preparation for healing. Psychic Treatment. Permanent or constitutional health should be es- tablished. This requires moral power, not passive or negative, but active vir- tues. Power the element of success. Pursuit of duty the only satisfactory success. The higher virtues, heroic. Happiness may be brought to fami- lies and a perfect education to youth. Psychic treatment an indispensable part of education. Health and Virtue twin brothers. Special directions for treatment by the hand and the battery, ... . 160-173 CHAPTER X. OPERATIVE METHODS. Transmission of vital power. Proof by experiments on frogs and by anatomy. Failure of electrical experiments by eminent physiologists. Functions of the convolutions which they could not reach. My reasons for neglecting galvanism. Medical opposition. Psycho-vital influences most appropriate to the brain. Discussion of the experiments of Fritzch and Hitzig. How to begin experiments. Use of plasters and other agents. Familiar illus- trations of Sarcognomy. Pathological illustrations. Initiating experi- ments. Vital emanations. Positive and negative poles. Evils and dan- gers of electricity. Relations of operator and patient. Necessary influences for the operator. Spiritual inspiration ; its philosophy and power. Power of diagnosis. Prof. Draper's testimony as to the spirit. Conduct in the sick chamber; hygienic precautions. Dispersive manipulations. Non- conductors. Effect of passes. Quackery of massage. Activity in heal- ing. Precautions for maintenance of health. Dangers of contagion, 174-194 CHAPTER XI. NERVAURIC THERAPEUTICS. Impressibility the first question; its various external indications and causes. Influence of love. Improvement at the critical period of life. Test by the hand. Test by the eye. The receptive or impressible condition. The use CONTENTS. IX of medicines. Impressible region of body. Passive and active methods. Influence of warmth, food, and medicine. Virtue the best foundation. Four controlling powers : health, brain power, vital force, sexual development. The shoulder. Plan of the human constitution. Parallelism of the spirit- ual faculties operating through the brain, and the physical powers dis- played in the body. The psycho-dynamic health power; why at the shoul- der; its proximity to the life centres; its connection with the spinal centre of power and ethical region of chest; its approbative character; relation to intercostal nerves. The foundation of Sarcognomy. Importance of shoul- der exercises. The shoulder as a regulating region and centre. Treatment on the back. Narrow and exclusive views deprecated. Back to back prac- tice. Fantastic theories and unscientific methods. Narrowness and preju- dice. Importance of protecting the shoulders and back. Nature protects the shoulders and back. Nature protects the vital regions of head and body, 195-207 CHAPTER XII. THE OCCIPITAL ENERGIES. Brain power and its location. Prior development of the brain. False doctrines corrected. Superior organs necessary to vitaLpower in man. Brain power compared to Health power. Connection of the latter with Moral power and conduct. Local treatment. Vital Force and sexual vitality. Locations of Vital Force. Its distinction from Health. Influence of Vital Force when roused. Its connection with Nutrition. Location of the latter. Its in- fluence on the constitution. Importance to invalids. Treatment through brain. Digestion. Its connection with the spine and with the gastric region. Organ of Alimentiveness. Its depressing influence. Buoyant Fortitude. Its moral association. Fasting. Influence of Firmness pathognomically ex- plained. Hunger and appetite. Best method of treating stomach. Physi- ological influences of Firmness and the shoulder. Gastric irritations and emesis. Gastric medicines. Proper manipulations. Region of assimila- tive absorption. Moral forces concerned. How to promote assimilation. Spiritual relations of this region. Intellectual and occipital influences. Retentive power of the latter. Relaxing power of the former. Contrast of the Adhesive and intellectual regions. Adhesiveness on the occiput and on the back. Combativeness, its location and influence. Importance of Ad- hesiveness to patients. Importance in society and business. Retentive in- fluence of the back. Its explanation. Region of Business Energy. Effect of spinal injuries. Of repletion. Co-operation of the energies. Conserva- tive and destructive agencies. Upper and lower part of the abdomen. Re- storative influence of Adhesive region; its connection. with Coolness and Sleep. Philosophy of the production of sleep, and the organs concerned in sleep and wakefulness, 208-225 CHAPTER XIII. THE ABDOMINAL AND CRURAL REGIONS. The Gastro-enteric region, its locations and treatment. The anti-abdominal or tonic (and the atonic) region. Its accurate demonstration and location by European physiologists subsequent to my discoveries. The brain convolu- tions that it occupies shown in engraving. Its psychic functions. Debili- tating influences of abdominal region. Philosophy of Intemperance. Its medical and electric treatment. Illustrative experiments. Organ of intoxication discovered. Remedies for gastric derangements. Philosophy of absorbent and repellent functions. Modes of treatment. Abdominal Locations. i, Epigastric region. 2, Assimilation. 3, Respiration. 4, Calorification. 5, Excitability. 6, Lethargy. 7, Sex- uality. 8, Melancholy. 9, Selfishness. 10, Irritability. 11, Abdominal functions from digestion to defecation. 12, Disease. 13, Expression. Philosophy of Calorification and Coolness. The lower limbs. The thigh. Locomotion, Nutrition, Turbulence. The leg, its relation to evolution. Fanciful notions of a microcosm. Range of forces in the genesis of man, mineral, vegetable, animal, radiata, mollusca, vertebrata, aquatic, aerial, mammalian. Locations of animal life on leg, its application to physiol- ogy and therapeutics. Suppression of inflammation in pneumonia and fe- ver, and control of all vital functions by Haemospasia, . . . 226-243 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER XIV. PNEUMATIC SARCOGNOMY. Exposition of Haemostasis and Dr. Buckler's experiments. Dr. Bevier's practice. Drs. Kellie and Robonan. Superiority of Hsemospasia. Junod and Hahnemann's case. Rationale of Hsemospasia. Balloons and caissons. Effects of light and heavy pressure on muscular and nervous systems. Ori- gin and reception of Junod's discoveries in Hsemospasia. Effects of Hse- mospasia. Summary of 293 cases. Professional neglect. Description of its success in thirty-three cases. Success of others. Its enlargement by Sarcognomy. Special treatment described. Treatment of spine. Aids to diagnosis. Various effects of pneumatic treatment. Description of pneu- matic apparatus, . 244-288 CHAPTER XV. PELVIC FUNCTIONS AND ORGANS. JLumbo-sacral region. Importance of sexual development. Its effects. Injury by deficiency. Its influence for health and development. Conjugal rela- tions. Centres of Love, spiritual and physical. Difference of the sexes. Sensibility of the womb. Pelvic disorders. Value of treatment on the back. Use of Helonias. Medical quackery. Inguinal region. Uterine region. Region of Sanity and Chastity. Sexual excitement, its control and its seat in the brain. Pathological cases illustrating its location. Influence of virility on Health and Vigor. Health as a co-operative. Centre of cerebel- lum as a re-inforcement of Vitality. Treatment of the eyes. Anatomical references and correlative organs that sustain vision. Pathological rela- tions to insanity and nausea. Morbid tendencies of the basilar and pelvic organs. The true nature of insanity. Its location in the brain and the body. How insanity is to be cured by treatment on the body and the brain. Counter-irritation on the back of the neck. The hypochondriac region con- cerned. Location of nausea on the body. The colon, cholic, nausea, vom- iting and diarrhoea. Nausea of pregnancy. Influence of nausea. Method of its treatment, . 289-304 CHAPTER XVI. ANIMAL MAGNETISM REVIEWED AND RECTIFIED. Deleuze and EsdailJs Works. Its marvellous phenomena. Opposition of materialism. Its unscientific char- acter. Its neglect by the medical profession and cultivation by Egyptian priests. Sarcognomy. Deleuze's " Practical instruction." His errone- ous theories corrected. His formula for magnetizing. The scientific method of producing the results. The localities on the head and the body. The evil effects of the unscientific method. Effects of the downward passes. Superiority of the upward. Nature of the magnetic seance. Blind empiri- cism. The improper method of removing pain or disease. Prevalence of contagion. Use of the breath and of water. Method of waking. Use of magnetized water. The baquet. Exalted powers of Somnambulism. Their source and philosophy. Explanation of the power of operators and best meth- ods. Blind routine of magnetizers. Failure of the medical profession. Harts- horn's translation, its valuable testimony. Mechanical ideas of the medical profession. How to produce insensibility. Testimony of Cuvier, La Place andGeorget. Corroboration by Pyschometry. Treatment of Dr. Elliotson in London. Cloquet's operation in the magnetic state. Clairvoyance of Miss Brackett. Duty of the disciples of truth. Value of Dr. Esdaile's " Mesmerism in India." His numerous cases and liberal sentiments. Facility of the practice in India. A mesmeric magician. Testimony of the Catholic Church to the truth of animal magnetism and prohibition of its practice. Dr. Esdaile's first experiments on a criminal patient described. Great increase of impressibility. Therapeutic benefit of the trance. Description and explanation of the processes used in magnetiz- ing. Of catalepsv and its removal. Intellectual and unintellectual methods. Demonstrations made upon a blind man. Controlling his subjects in court. Practical vaLue of Sarcognomy in India, 3°5 _ 338 CONTENTS. XI CHAPTER XVII. MECHANOTHERAPY — INCLUDING MASSAGE. Mechano-therapy a quackery. Works of Schreiber and Murrell. French names for massage. Pedantic trivialities. Superiority of methods of barbarians, Sandwich Islanders, Chinese, Egyptians. Painful processes of mechano- therapy. Superiority of those not taught by the colleges. Old practice of Drs. Balfour of Edinburgh, Grosvenor and Cleobury of Oxford. Great- rakes' cures in 1662. Collegiate opposition. Liberal sentiments of Hoff- man. Professional prejudice. Mechanical benefits of massage. Preten- tious pedantry of the books. Ignorance of Ling, the author of the Swedish movement-cure. Practice recommended by Schreiber. Mechanical treat- ment of narcotic poisoning. Transfer of vital force. Treatment of sprains. Mechanical treatmentof the tonsils, the womb, tumors, oedema and diseases of the eye. Miscellaneous imperfect treatment. Superiority of the nervau- ric. Professional treatment of sprains. Concussion with the hands. Jap- anese shampooing. Summary estimate of mechano-therapy, . . 339-362 CHAPTER XVIII. RATIONAL PRACTICE GUIDED BY SARCOGNOMY. The proper philosophic view of medical science, sects, and prejudices. False ideas of poisons. Rational practice. Statements of Dr. Grosvenor Swan, Dr. J. P. Chamberlin, Dr. Wm. E. Wheelock, Dr. A. J. Symes, Dr. Z. L Baldwin, Dr. Orrin Robertson and L. A. Hulse, Esq., concerning their prac- tice, guided by Sarcognomy and Psychometry, 363-392 CHAPTER XIX. THE HYGIENE OF SARCOGNOMY. Cultivation of the higher organs indispensable. The various methods illus- trated. Effects of high altitudes on the lungs. Importance of costal res- piration. Illustration of the subject by the Georgia Eclectic Medical Jour- nal. Relation of the upper thoracic region to the ethical. Exercises of the limbs. Influence of altitudes. Importance of nutrition to the brain. False theories of a medical author. The principles that should guide our exercises. Evil effects of excessive muscular culture and passional excitement. Plan of culture proposed. Cultivation of the soul and relig- ious sentiments as the basis of health. Of social intercourse and smiles. Importance of activity, energy and sport. Causes of exhaustion. Of vocal culture and oratory. System of culture devised by Mr. Checkley. Treat- ment of the skin. Tight lacing. Thoracic hygiene and atmospheric con- ditions, 393-419 CHAPTER XX. SYNOPSIS OF PRACTICAL RULES FOR THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT. With supplementary suggestions as to the spinal column, ganglionic nerves, anat- omy of the thorax, and relation of the limbs to the trunk, . . . 420-438 CHAPTER XXI. ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS. General Statement. Nine methods of electrical treatment : galvanism, primary, secondary, com- bined, static, unilateral, statico-chemical, magnetic and electro-medical. Use of the commutator. Simple stimulation. Rheostat. Use of the alternating current and its locations. Anterior and posterior, superior and inferior. Method of using the negative pole. Method of manual and of elec- tro-medical treatment. Nature and use of the positive and negative in elec- tricity. Static electricity and magnetism, 439-454 CHAPTER XXII. REVIEW OF THE CURRENT DOCTRINES OF ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS. The galvanic current, the Faradic and their phenomena — their taste — their ac- tion on the muscles. Negative and positive currents. Merits of galvanism, XI 1 CONTENTS. Faradism and static electricity. Their reception by the profession. Elec- tricity as a test of death. Heat developed by the current. Sensations from currents. Value of the Humboldt battery. Chemical effects and prolonged influences. Use of the two-plate battery. Action of galvanism on motor nerves and production of increased strength. Effects of direct, inverse and alternating currents. Character of the Faradic or induced current in com- parison with the galvanic. Experiment on vibrating cilia. Refreshing and strengthening effects of galvanism. Exhaustive effects of Faradism. Ano- djme effects of galvanism, and cases requiring Faradism — how its effects are produced. Cure of locomotor ataxy and neuralgia by galvanism — its catalytic effects. Cutaneous Faradization. Cure of contractions. Treatment of antagonistic muscles. Harsh effects of Faradism. Remarkable physio- logical errors of Prof. Claude Bernard. Antagonism of the sensitive and muscular systems. Relation of the nervous system to growth. Danger of Faradization on the front of the neck. Cures by galvanism when Faradism had failed. Effectof the interruptions. Comparison continued. Direct ac- tion on the muscles. Penetrative power of currents. Stimulant action of Faradism. Medication by electric currents. Removal of poisons by elec- tricity. Injurious effects of the common batteries. Advantage of the muriate of ammonia. Action of galvanism on the ganglionic nerves. Its anti-spas- modic influence. Distinction of voluntary and involuntary structures. Galvanic current down the bowels for constipation. Failure of Fara- dism. Differences of electrodes. Interruptions. Delicate currents. Prac- tical value of the primary current, intermediate between the galvanic and Faradic, 455*498 CHAPTER XXIII. THE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MAN AND DEMONSTRATION OF SARCOGNOMY. By Illustrative Experiments, . 499-53 1 CHAPTER XXIV. ELECTRO-THERAPEUTIC APPARATUS. Electric treatment. Electricity as a stimulant and in cholera. Batteries for electro-therapeutics, the "different cells in use, their penetrative power. Combination of cell and coil. The common portable battery. Electric currents and their modes of application. The Faradic current, its use in infantile marasmus. Qualities of the currents. Galvanic batteries. Cur- rent measurement. Connections. Mode of application. Important im- provement. Electrodes. Electric measurements. The coil and the cell combined. Currents applied to the human body and their modification and combination. Movable coil. Standard coil. Electric baths. Static elec- tricity in nature. Its rationale misunderstood. Wires and electrodes. Static treatment by currents and shocks, not Faradism. Proper construc- tion for this. Method of using static electricity. Its combination with other currents and with magnetism. Use of the static currents, . 534"5^2 CHAPTER XXV. ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS GUIDED BY SARCOGNOMY. Electric currents and batteries. Treatment of Head and nervous system, directions of authors. Paralysis. Cerebral disorders and their^ treatment. Chorea and spasm. Neuralgia. Treatment of eyes. Diphtheria. Tooth- ache. Hydrophobia. Treatment of Thorax. Pneumonia. Asphyxia. Consumption. Pleurisy. Diseases of the heart. Aneurism. The dia- phragm. Hiccough. Treatment of the Abdominal Region. Fevers. The stomach. Nausea and vomiting. Cholera. Constipation and hernia. Dropsy. Rectal diseases. The liver. Electric development. Treat- ment of Pelvic Organs, amenorrhcea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia and parturition. Hemorrhoids. Stricture of "the urethra. Impotence and spermatorrhoea. Diseases of the skin. Treatment of limbs. Use of ap- paratus. Batteries. Static apparatus. Electro-puncture. Cauteriza- tion, ... . „ 563-615 CONTENTS. Xlll CHAPTER XXVI. PATHOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF SARCOGNOMY. Change of plan. Concise review. Sympathy of brain and skin. Climate, cold, heat, moisture, electricity, clothing. Fever. Meningitis. Clammy sweats. Electric shocks: Nervous prostration and sweating. Dr. Luys on the intellectual influence of the skin. Illustrations of cutaneous an- aesthesia and impairment of the brain. Eruptive fever and cerebral inflam- mation. Small-pox, erysipelas, and scarlatina. Typhus and typhoid fevers. Sympathy of subjacent organs. Pulmonary Sympathies. Correspondence of lungs with brain and re- lation to the Pons Varolii as the seat of respiratory power. Relation to the nose and mouth. Effects of catarrh and asthma. Sunstroke. Experiments on rabbits. Consumption and its psychic symptoms. Heat and perspi- ration. Bronchitis and affection of the front lobe. Its exhausting effect. Sympathy of the abdomen with respiration. Pneumonia : affecting the whole brain, delirium, heat of skin, perspiration, antagonism to abdom- inal organs. Pleurisy: its relation to the womb; its more violent manifes- tations. Laryngitis: it* influence on the brain. Sympathies of the Heart : Its correspondence in the brain. Mania from heart disease. Prostration of the brain and impressibility. Mistakes of carditis for brain disease. Close sympathies of heart and brain. Different effects from other organs. Ganglia in the neck. Connection of apoplexy and hypertrophy of heart. Relations of the liver and subjacent region. Disease of its control- ling temporo-sphenoid convolution. Relations of different parts of the liver. Its proximity to morbid influences. The great depression of spirits that it produces. Its influence in delirium tremens and in jaundice. Dif- ference of its upper and lower surfaces. Morbid character of abdominal inflammation. Dysentery, typhoid, irritation of rectum and anus. Melsena. Fevers omitted. Sympathies of pelvic region. Relation to under-jaw region and de- structive effects on nervous system. Illustration of this by orificial surgery. Relation of womb to hypersesthesia and hysteria. The two regions of sensibility in the brain and in the body. Relation of uterine disease to in- sanity. Sympathy of brain and body not uniform. Pain of urethral caruncles. Prostrating effect of chronic diseases of the colon. Statements of Dr. Prout. Cases of rectal obstruction in Ireland. Injury of sacrum in a boy — of coccyx in a woman. Fractures of thigh. Mental phenomena of hysteria and quasi disease. Inflammation of the bladder. Influence of the sexual faculties. Physiological explanation. Extreme contagiousness. Puerperal mania. Morbid effects from glans and prepuce. Sympathies of the limbs. Correspondence of upper and lower. Pas- sionate tendencies of gout and rheumatism. Remarkable effects of injuries of the knee and the foot. Conclusion, 616-666 Glossary, . 667-671 Anatomical Illustrations, 672-675 PREFACE. In this volume, prepared in the very limited time allowed by my engagements, I cannot claim that Therapeutic Sarcognomy is either very fully or very accurately developed. What time forbids to me will be more fully accomplished by my successors ; and perhaps in future editions the necessary emendations and additions may be made. Nevertheless, it is a fearless solution of the problem of soul and body, which lies at the foundation of all philosophy — a problem which my predecessors generally have shunned as if it were inacces- sible to human intelligence, Gall and Swedenborg alone having attempted each a partial solution. The correctness of my exposition of the triune constitution of man is sustained by the experiments which I have for many years been making in private and before classes, which my pupils have satisfac- torily repeated, and it is sustained by universal experience in the his- tory of diseases, which demonstrate according to their locality the laws of Sarcognomy. It has also a beautiful and interesting artistic illustration in the varieties of the human form, attitude, and gesture, which I hope hereafter to present. Nevertheless, in view of the history of scientific progress (which shows the ability of ignorance and falsehood to hold their ground for several generations against positive demonstration), it would be folly to anticipate a full and candid investigation of Sarcognomy by the leading authorities during the remaining years of the present century. Candid investigation of strange truths is not the habit of any nation, and is not taught in any system of education at present. The experience of Hahnemann and Beach, as well as prior reformers, shows the immense intellectual inertia of the colleges. The scientific innovator is compelled to realize the opposition of blind conservatism as Darwin did in 1845, when he wrote: "I am a bold man to lay myself open to being thought a complete fool and a most deliberate one ; " and again : " I know how much I open myself to reproach for such a conclusion, but I have at least honestly and 2 PREFACE. deliberately come to it." Yet these conclusions were reached by moving along in accordance with the general trend of scientific thought among the most advanced thinkers. But he who opposes the spirit of the age, and the authority of all the universities and eminent authors, cannot reasonably expect justice or success in his lifetime, even with a strictly demonstrable science, for habit and prejudice are, as they ever have been, much stronger than reason, and the in- novator whose knowledge is revolutionary is refused a Jieariiig until he has gathered a considerable and influential following. To gather such a following and win a personal triumph has not been my purpose. I am content to know that (whatever errors or inaccuracies I have fallen into) I have surely developed eternal truths and laid a basis for the philosophy that will elevate the destiny of man. Of this philos- ophy Sarcognomy is an important part. As to the verity of my experiments on the brain and body on which the science of Anthropology rests for its evidence, I refer to my experiments before public audiences in New York and Boston, to the reports of many committees of investigation forty years ago, especially those of the faculty of Indiana University, the committee of Boston physicians and the New York committee of which Dr. Forry and the poet Bryant were members, and the unanimous testi- mony of those who have repeated my experiments wherever I have taught, including a number of eminent medical professors who have been my colleagues. The large and intelligent medical class of the Eclectic Medical Institute of 1849-50 (then the leading medical col- lege at Cincinnati) (Prof. Warriner being chairman) expressed their conclusions as follows : " Many of us at the commencement of these series of lectures were sceptical as to the impressibility of the subject in the waking state, but we take pleasure in announcing that the re- motest doubt is now dispelled. We have seen the subject deprived of muscular power ; we have witnessed a great increase of his strength ; we have seen any faculty of the mind brightened or subdued at pleas- ure ; we have personally performed many of the experiments set forth in the "Journal of Man," and can testify, as can many in this city who have witnessed our experiments in private circles, that the half has not yet been published to the world." The frequent repeti- tion of my experiments, not only in this country but in Great Britain, by the late Dr. Spencer T. Hall and many others,* in private and in * I have not thought it necessary to describe in this volume the numerous and marvellous experiments on the brains of adults during the last forty years, but would mention another class still more convincing. The eminent Dr. Ashburner, of London, published among accurate and well- authenticated facts the statement of his friend, A. Lidington : " I have many times PREFACE. 3 public, has given as broad a foundation as could be demanded for the verification of such discoveries, even though they constitute a com- plete revolution in Physiology and Psychology. The "consensus of the competent" is the foundation on which all established sciences rest, and the competent are those only who seek the truth, and by carefully investigating a science arrive at positive and unanimous convictions. I cannot recognize those as competent who, when scientific demonstrations are made known to them, obey a thoughtless impulse or prejudice by neglecting or refusing to in- vestigate. No matter what their standing, they cannot be recognized as competent until they have shown their competency by candid and careful investigation. The French Academy in rejecting Harvey proved itself incompetent, and professors who from prejudice neglect investigation must ever be accounted as incompetent as the ignorant mob. On the other hand, the unanimous concurrence of all who have be- come well acquainted with Therapeutic Sarcognomy demonstrates its apparent scientific truth, and this concurrent sentiment of all who have attended my expositions was well expressed as follows, by the students attending the 8th session of the College of Therapeutics in Boston, in 1887 : — " We feel that we have been very fortunate in finding so valuable a source of knowledge, whose future benefits to the human race, in many ways, cannot be briefly stated ; and we would assure all who may attend this college or read the published works of Prof. Buchanan, or his monthly, the "Journal of Man," that they will, when acquainted with the subject, be ready to unite with us in appreciating and honoring the greatest addition ever made to biological and phys- iological sciences." Among the competent observers may be mentioned Prof. G. W. Winterburn, who as editor of the "American Homceopathist" expressed himself as follows : " Having been cognizant of the very valuable and excited the different phrenological organs of the brain of this child, and he has answered to each one most correctly ; for instance, when I mesmerized the organ of Tune, he has declared to me that he can hear beautiful music; and so with Venera- tion, he has felt irresistibly impelled to pray and speak of God and heaven. I have more often operated upon little children than adults, purposely to convince the people of the truth of your science; for surely children so young, and many of whom I have never seen before, could not be guilty of any deception." In my experiments with private classes, nearly every member of the class was usu- ally made a subject of experiments, which was not practicable with larger audiences. The report by Drs. Ingalls, Mattson, and others on my Boston lectures in 1843, said : "Most of us witnessed many hundred experiments on at least six impressible subjects — one a gentleman and member of the class, whose intelligence and moral worth cannot be questioned." 4 PREFACE. original work accomplished by Prof. Buchanan in physiology, and having seen him demonstrate many times on persons of all grades of intellec- tual and physical health the truths he here affirms, the subject has lost the sense of novelty to us, and is accepted as undoubtedly proven." This volume is therefore presented, not to introduce the subject by argument and evidence, for the evidence has long been on record, but to introduce its readers to a portion of the vast science of Anthro- pology, the future guide of human progress. The knowledge of Therapeutic Sarcognomy, when widely diffused and incorporated in popular education, will bring the grand philoso- phy of Anthropology into familiar contact with daily life, enforcing its educational principles as to the development of character. It will give the mother and father a power of controlling their offspring in a manner heretofore unknown, by which the development of both soul and body may be gradually carried on tow r ard perfection, freeing the soul from selfish vices, freeing the body from disease and weakness, and clarifying the mind for the recognition of truth. In the treatment of disease it gives many suggestions arising from a new philosophy of life, many remedial measures now unknown in medical colleges, of wide application, and comprehensive methods of treatment, which upon impressible constitutions produce cures so marvellous and so speedy as to excite a stubborn scepticism among those who have been kept in ignorance of the powers of the nervous system. There is a large class of persons, constituting a large majority in southern climates, whose constitutions can be controlled and diseases relieved by nervauric treatment with the hand. To all such a knowl- edge of Therapeutic Sarcognomy will constitute a protection to health and a prolongation of life. It will guard them also by teaching them how to make a proper jhoice of medicines and avoid submitting to erroneous treatment, prided by their own psychometric skill. To another large class it will furnish facilities for successful electric reatment, under their own direction. The importance of thus pla- :ing scientific treatment within the reach of all will be realized when ve reflect that there are no diseases, excepting those of accidental or :ontagious origin, which may not be warded off in their first ap- proaches. To teach this to mankind will abolish a large majority of their ill-health. CHAPTER I.— INTRODUCTION. Discovery of the cerebral functions — The grandeur of its scope and the resistance of mental inertia — A few honorable recognitions — The Medical Faculty, the Scotch Phrenologists, and the Academy of Sciences — The Eclectic movement — Position of the medical profession as expressed by Prof. Gross and others — Discov- ery and statement of Sarcognomy — Cerebral physiology and corporeal psychology — Practical value of Sarcognomy and character of my lectures and demonstrations — Practical certainty — Future of Sarcognomy in relation to medicine — The present volume. In i 84 i I had the good fortune to consummate six years of investi- gation of the cerebral functions by the discovery that the functions of the human brain, instead of being an inaccessible mystery, as they have seemed to the scientific world, were really the most accessible of all the great secrets of nature, and that a method of investigation, the very simplicity of which had caused it to be scornfully overlooked, was com- petent to open the citadel of life, the organ of the soul, the seat of all consciousness, all faculties and passions, the organic embodiment of that divine principle in which exist all the potentialities of the universe, and consequently the basis of all science and wisdom. Of all subjects that have ever interested the mind of man, this is beyond all comparison the most important, whether we consider its scope and' its grandeur as a philosophy, the light which it throws on all other departments of investigation, or its immediate practical utility in reorganizing, correcting, and developing therapeutics, sociol- ogy, education, religion, pneumatology, and the arts of human expres- sion. Its scope, its power, and its grandeur in these respects cannot \>e adequately conceived until the sciences and the philosophies, that must result from such a discovery, shall have been developed and published, although to a clear intuitive thinker it may be apparent, as it was to David Hume, that in mastering Anthropology we conquer all science and philosophy. But few can realize this fully until they become acquainted with the vast extent of Anthropology. To many it becomes apparent when they master the first chapter of Anthropol- ogy — the science of Psychometry. Such a discovery in science and philosophy, bringing within our 6 INTRODUCTION. [CHAP. I. 