title: Biographical review.
text: PlPfilSiiiPiijiiipiiffi „ « i<> <'> AT .4' y "'P •^. fi*^ ^'\ %#: .0' ^^ ^«s.:-' /°'. ■•»■ ,>°% ■-:^^!-- /°-. • >^'V V^ ^^^^ ,0^''% '^^.^ <,^' 'i /H^010lA/itftfuiiOT^^rom ^ '';Jhe Library of Cong'^^'^*^" 3? BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW THIS VOLUME CONTAINS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF LEADING CITIZENS OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK UNDER THE EDITORIAL SUPERVISION OF I. ALLEN JACK, Q.C., D.C.L. " Biography is the most universally pleasant, universally profitable, of all reading." — Carlyle. BOSTON Biographical Review Publishing Company 15 court square 1900 n 04 NOTE. All the biographical sketches published in this volume were submitted to their respective subjects or to the sub- scribers, from whom the facts were primarily obtained, for their approval or correction before going to press, and a reasonable time was allowed in each case for the return of the typewritten copies or proofs. Most of them were returned to us within the time allotted, or before the work was printed, after being corrected or revised; and these may therefore be regarded as reasonably accurate. A few, however, were not returned to us; and, as we have no means of knowing whether they contain errors or not, we cannot vouch for their accuracy. In justice to our readers, and to render this work more valuable for reference purposes, we have indicated all uncorrected sketches by a small asterisk (*), placed immediately after the name of the subject. B. R. PUB. CO. / Co :^1 PREFACE. VHEN the nineteenth century shall have completed its course at the close of the current year, its records will exhibit evidence of vitality, activity, and varied and momentous achievements unequalled and even unapproached in any pre- ceding period of like duration. To fully appreciate the history of any period, a knowl- edge of its actors is as important as a comprehension of its results, especially with reference to the hundred years so soon to be completed, as during their passage the influence of the individual has been generally and phenomenally extended. It is not every man who is born to be a hero or a leader; but each human unit, under reason- ably favorable circumstances, contributes something to the welfare and the history of society. To know the world or any part of it well in this advanced stage of human progress, one must have a large acquaintance with individuals, being thus led to recog- nize representative characters, to discern types. Few will deny that biography is the most interesting form of history, and that contemporary biography has an attractive- ness and value peculiarly its own. Our experience in publishing volumes of local biography, largely devoted to New England — witness our Atlantic Series, thirty-three volumes — has convinced us that such books meet a want of the times, and has encouraged us to undertake a similar enterprise in behalf of our neighbors and kinsfolk. Her Majesty's loyal subjects across the border. Of these some are " Mayflower " descendants, and many are numbered among the posterity of the Loyalists of 1783, who, when the independence of the thir- teen colonies had been secured, attested their allegiance to the crown by seeking a new home in Acadia. The present issue of the Review, the first in our Canadian Series, may be briefly set forth as an answer in part to the question of " Who's who .'' " in New Brunswick to-day. It is a book of facts, facts in the lives of persons of prominence and influence in the Province. It is safe to say that people have found life worth living in pro- portion as they have made themselves useful in their day and generation. These PREFACE pages tell of earnest workers in various fields of activity, of some who, as farmers, mechanics, manufacturers, merchants, tradesmen, have taken a conspicuous part in developing the material resources of the country, of others who have devoted their energies to the practice of law or medicine, the concerns of government, the dissemina- tion of learning, or the advancement of religion. A distinguishing feature of the book, as of its predecessors, published by us for other localities, is the attention given to genealogy, formerly the fad of the few, now a recognized branch of the humanities and a firm substratum for biography. We gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness to numerous friends who by cordial co-operation have aided in our work, and especially to Mr. I. Allen Jack, O.C., to whose knowledge of local history and biography, wide circle of acquaintances, and sagacious supervision its success in large measure is to be attributed. BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. June, I goo. EDITOR'S PREFACE. IT is needless to add largely to what is so comprehensively expressed by the pub- lishers in their preface, but a few supplementary words may not be regarded as superfluous. In ancient times certain tribes and nations not only reverenced but actually wor- shipped their departed ancestry, and even to-day it is possible to indicate races pe- culiarly addicted to adherence to primitive usages, engaged in the practice of this singular cult. Without lending support to this venerable species of adoration, is it entirely proper to advocate reverence for the persons or the memories of those through whom we exist. Well-regulated family pride is indeed a concomitant, if not an element, of patriotism, and an essential quality for the maintenance and advancement of society. But, in order to render it truly efificacious, creed and practice must go hand in hand: the jewel transmitted to unworthy keeping soon loses lustre, the buried skeleton cannot maintain the standard without the aid of the living descendant. And, further, such a pride should be felt, but not expressed, at least in words : the boaster is usually, and generally with propriety, classed as a snob when glorying in his own achievement, nor can he claim exemption from the term when he relies upon what has been achieved by another. The foregoing remarks apply especially to those who have gained honor, at least in part, by inheritance ; but they are not inapplicable to an important class of persons, the self-made. Whether at the beginning or in the middle of a series of human entities, an individual, if not in duty bound, is, at least, acting rightly and wisely, and not self- ishly, in seeking to perpetuate the memory of what has been meritoriously accom- plished or acquired by himself and by those from whom he sprung. The history of New Brunswick since its inception under that name is nearly con- temporaneous with that of the nineteenth century. It was, at least, only seventeen years before the close of the preceding century that those from the old colonies who EDITOR'S PREFACE adhered to the British crown reached her shores. It is only natural that the landing of the Loyalists is generally regarded as the most important epoch recorded in the Provin- cial annals, and that such of the inhabitants as are able to trace descent from Loyalist stock find in the fact a source of special satisfaction. But many of those who make no claim to such descent are entitled to other inherited honors of unquestionable char- acter and ancient origin. Among the French-speaking Acadians are some whose remote ancestors occupied the highest places, and were connected with events some- times of even more than national importance. A perusal of the following pages will demonstrate that the same may be alleged of many of English, Irish, Scottish, or Colonial birth or parentage, where family tradition has been preserved with reverence and care. But to an ardent American, whether monarchist or republican, the gather- ing together in this locality at the close of the Revolutionary War of many of the most exalted personages from the older Provinces is profoundly interesting. New England, the midland and the southern districts, all contributed their quotas to this goodly company, and with them a store of memories of old "new world" incidents and ex- periences, songs and tales, to form a portion of the folk-lore of New Brunswick. While its people rejoice in their British connection, they are proud of their continental heri- tage, and boldly claim a place among those who best represent the bravest, wisest, and goodliest persons who, in the days gone by, came to stay in this happy quarter of the globe. The reader will find in this volume a great deal of most interesting information in regard to many distinctly representative persons and families of the Province ; and it may be truly alleged that in substance, perhaps especially in completeness of statement and in form, the book is admirably fitted to largely supply a heretofore well-nigh neg- lected want. Owing to tlie failure of a number of persons to avail themselves of the opportunity afforded by tliis publication, many important genealogical data well worth recording do not appear; but this, though regrettable, has no effect upon the value of what has been accomplished by the promoters. I. ALLEN JACK. I. ALLEN JACK, Q.C., D.C.L. BIOSRAPHIGAL. /SAAC ALLEN JACK, O.C, D. C.L. , barrister-at-law and for- merly Recorder of the city of St. John, was born in St. John, June 26, 1843, a son of William Jack, O.C. His paternal grand- father was David William Jack, who came to New Brunswick from Cooper Fife, Scotland. David W. Jack married Rebecca, a daughter of Thomas Wyer, one of the Loyalists of 1783, who had served the crown as Lieutenant Colonel during the Revolutionary War, and who came to St. An- drews, N. B. , from what was then Falmouth, Mass., but is now Portland, Me. William Jack, Q. C, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in St. Andrews, Char- lotte County, in iSii. He was educated in his native town, and on arriving at maturity made choice of the law as his profession. After being admitted to the bar he removed to St. George, where he remained until about 1840, when he removed to St. John, and soon secured a large and remunerative practice. He was for some years Master in Chancery, and was also Advocate-general. Aside from a good understanding of his profession, espe- cially in equity, he had a wide general knowl- edge in literature and natural science. A lover of nature and devoted to his family, his favorite recreation was the beautifying of his home, Carigleagh, and many of his happiest hours were spent in the garden. He was one of the charter members and vice-president of the Mechanics' Institute of St. John and pres- ident of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick, and he was also chairman of the town of Portland, warden of the municipality of St. John, and president of the St. John Law Society. He married Emma Carleton, daughter of Captain Joseph Kenah, of the One Hundred and I'ourth Regiment. Her mother, whose maiden name was Mary Allen, was a daughter of Isaac Allen (for whom the subject of this sketch was named), a Loyalist from New Jer- sey, who served under the crown as Lieutenant Colonel, and who upon his arrival in New Brunswick in 1783 was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the province. A grandson of his was Sir John C. Allen, the late Chief Justice. William and Emma Carle- ton Jack were the parents of eleven children, of whom the two eldest, twins, died young. The other nine still survive. Isaac Allen Jack, after receiving his ele- mentary education, became a pupil of the late BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW Canon Lee, under whom he studied for several years. He then entered the Collegiate School at Fredericton, and, after following the regular course there, matriculated at King's College, Fredericton, afterward removing to King's College, Windsor, N. S., where in 1863 he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1877 he received from the last mentioned col- lege the degree of Bachelor of Civil Law and in 1884 that of Doctor of Civil Law. Upon leaving college he began the study of law with his father, and was admitted attorney in Octo- ber, 1866, and barrister the following year. He was appointed Recorder of St. John in April, 1885, and was again appointed to that office in 1889, upon the union of the city of St. John with that of Portland. He was created O.C. March 18, 1891. On the death of Mayor Barker he filled the vacant office until the election of a new mayor, at the same time performing his duties as Recorder. Mr. Jack is a member of St. Andrew's So- ciety and of the Loyalists' Society of New Brunswick; a fellow of the Literary and His- torical Society of Oucbec ; fellow of the Hali- burton Society, Windsor, N. S. ; a member of the Associated Ahiiuni of King's College, Windsor, N. S. ; a member of the faculty of the Law School of St. John, conducted in connec tion with King's College, Windsor; and a member of the New Brunswick Historical Society. He was for many years a member of the Board of Directors and for two years presi- dent of the Mechanics' Institute of St. John. He is a member of the Church of England, and in politics is a Liberal. He takes great inter- est in literary work, and has contributed to various magazines and journals and learned so- cieties. Owing to ill-health he resigned his office of Recorder at the close of 1894, and retired from active life in the ensuing June. "OLLINGWORTH TULLY KING- ^ DON, D.D., D.C.L., Church of England Bishop of New Brunswick, was born in London, England, April 16, 1835. The family of which he is a worthy representa- tive has been traced back to the year 1450; and an account of its origin, together with its coat of arms, may be found in books of heraldry. Bishop Kingdon began his education in St. Paul's School, London, where he was captain of the school. In 1858 he graduated at Trin- ity College, Cambridge. He was granted a place in the honor list in mathematics; but, as he fell sick and could not finish the exami- nation, he was not classed. He was then for a year at Cuddesdon College, under Canon H. P. Liddon, where he was elected scholar. He was ordained Deacon by Bishop \Vilber- force, of O.xford, and priest by Bishop Hamil- ton, of Salisbury. P'or about tliree years and a half he was curate of Sturminster Marshall, and he subsec[uently officiated in a like capac- it\' for two years at Devizes. Then for a period of five years he was vice-principal of Salisbury Theological College, after which for nine \'cars lie was curate of St. Andrew's Church, Wells Street, London. Subsequently for some time he was vicar of Good Easter (a BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW corruption of "God's Easter"), near Chelms- ford. While there he was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Fredericton, and was consecrated July lo, iSSi. In the same year he received his degree of Doctor of Divinity at Cambridge, England, in 1892 that of Doctor of Divinity from King's College, Windsor, N. S., and later that of Doctor of Civil Law from Trinity College, Toronto, Canada. A man of earnest purpose and scholarly at- tainments, Bishop Kingdon has not only faith- fully and efficiently performed the high duties of his sacred office, but has also contributed effectively by his pen and otherwise to advance the cause of religion and pure morality. In 1873 he wrote a book entitled "Fasting Com- munion " (published by Longmans, Green & Co.). This work, so full of erudite references as to be practically unanswerable by church- men of different views, attracted so much at- tention in ecclesiastical circles as to cause the publication of a second edition in 1875. He is also the author of a pamphlet on "Divorce," the main tenets of which have since been crystallized into part of the report of the Lower House of Convocation of York, England. This pamphlet was written while he was serv- ing on the Church Committee on Divorce, having been appointed by the bishops of the Ecclesiastical I^rovince of Canada. In 1890 Bishop Kingdon was appointed to deliver the "Bishop Paddock lectures" at the General Theological Seminary at New York, being the first alien to act in this capacity. In 1S88 and 1897 he attended the Conference of Bish- ops at Lambeth, England. He is a deep stu- dent and lover of book.s, and the posses.sor of a large and valuable library, containing some works so rare as to be almost priceless. Among them is a Latin manuscript dated 1268. He has not yet found time to cata- logue the books, and does not himself know how many there are. In 1890 Bishop Kingdon was married, in the cathedral, Fredericton, N.B. , to Anna Beverley, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Beverley Adino Robinson and widow of George William Marsh. One child, a daugh- ter, Anna Phillipps Renorden, has been born of this union. Mrs. Kingdon's first husband, by whom she has two daughters, was a de- scendant of Archbishop Marsh, of Dublin, through his son, who married a daughter of Bishop Jeremy Taylor. Mrs. Kingdon is of the fifth generation in descent from Colonel Beverly Robinson, who commanded a regiment of Loyalists in the American Revolution. As is well known, Beverly Robinson was an early friend and schoolmate of Washington. He married Su- sannc Philipse, daughter of Frederick Philipse, second lord of the manor of Philipseborough, N. Y. ; and it was at his home in New York that Washington in 1756 met and admired Mrs. Robinson's sister, the beautiful Mary Philipse, co-heiress with her of a large estate. "That he sought her hand, and was refused, is traditional," says Irving. From Colonel Beverly Robin,son the line of descent is through his son, Beverly, who mar- ried Anna D. Barclay, and their son, Frederick Philipse, who married Jane Paddock, to Bev- BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW erley Adino, above named (Mrs. Kingdon's father), who married his cousin, Anna M., daughter of John V. and Anna (Paddock) Thurgar. Mrs. Kingdon's grandmothers were sisters, daughters of Adino Paddock, M.D., of New Brunswick, and grand-daughters of Cap- tain Adino Paddock, or Major Paddock, a sub- stantial and useful citizen of Boston, Mass., in pre-Revolutionary times sometimes spoken of, from his business and the place where he had his business training, as "the London coach-maker," now remembered as a public benefactor. The "Paddock elms" and "Pad- dock's Mall," in front of the Granary Burying- ground, which they shaded for upwards of one hundred years, took their name from him, he having been chiefly instrumental in planting them about the year 1762. Captain Paddock died on the Isle of Jersey in 1804. Bishop Kingdon's residence, Bottreaux House, is thus named after a castle, or resi- dence, built at Boscastle, Cornwall, by Sir Jonathan Phillipps, an uncle of his grand- mother, and known as "Bottreau.x Castle." Connected with the name is a well-known legend of the Cornish coast. It seems that some centuries ago a ship with a cargo of bells from Spain was trying to make port at Bos- castle. "Ah," said the pilot, "thank God! We are now almost safe!" "No," said the captain, "thank not God, but the good ship and the captain.'' They were not safe, how- ever? and the vessel foundered, on account, it is said, of the captain's blasphemy. The acoustic properties of the caves that line the coast arc such that at times they give forth sounds like those of the ringing of a peal of bells. If a peasant is asked what that sound is, he will reply, "Bottreaux bells." In the naming of his attractive and commodious resi- dence Bishop Kingdon is thus perpetuating an interesting bit of the folk-lore of his native land. ,HILIP NASE, founder of the firm of P. Nase & Son, merchants, St. John, was born at Nerepis, parish of West- field, N.B., April 26, 1821, son of William H. and Charlotte (Harding) Nase. He was a descendant in the fifth generation of Henry Nase, who was born in Germany in 1695, and emigrated to America in 1728. Henry Nase settled in Dutchess County, New York, and resided there until his death, which occurred in 1759. Philip Nase, first, son of Henry and great- grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Germany in 1724, and came to Amer- ica with his parents when four years old. The rest of his life was spent in New York, and he died October 10, 1805. His wife was born in Dutchess County, May 10, 1724, daughter of John Dutcher, a native of Hol- land. She died in New York, December 7, i8o[. Their son, Colonel Henry Nase, who was born June 28, 1752, served as an officer in the British army with General Coffin before he had attained his full rank during the Ameri- can Revolution, and settled in New Bruns- wick prior to the coming of that Loyalist. BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 13 Locating upon a tract of land at the mouth of the Nerepis River, in the parish of Westiield, he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and for some time was Judge of Probate for Kings County. As a prominent churchman he was lay reader whenever the parish was without a resident clergyman; and, there being no church edifice at that time, services were held in pri- vate houses or in a large barn near Alwington Manor, the residence of General Coffin. Sev- eral of his sons were baptized in that build- ing. Colonel Nase died in May, 1836. On March 13, 1788, he married Jane Ouinton, who was born January 27, 1767, and died May 29, 1852. They reared four sons and six daughters, William H. being the second son and the fourth-born child. William H. Nase, the father of Philip, was born at the homestead in Nerepis, June 19, 1793. He was engaged in general farming during the active period of his life, which terminated June 6, 1880. Charlotte Harding Nase, his wife, whom he married October 21, 1 8 17, was born July 4, 1794. They were the parents of three sons and seven daughters ; and Philip, the subject of this sketch, was the second son and the third-born child. Philip Nase was reared upon the homestead farm, and resided there until 1847. Coming to St. John in that year, he established him- self in mercantile business at Indiantown, where he remained in trade until selling out in 1854. Repurchasing the store in 1861, he carried it on successfully until his death, which occurred February 2, 1885. He was highly esteemed by his business associates, whose confidence he had gained by his strict adherence to upright principles; and his many commendable qualities were heartily appreci- ated by all who knew him. Mr. Nase contracted the first of his two marriages, March 23, 1847, with Elizabeth Mary Hamm, daughter of David Hamm, of Westfield. She died October 13, 1872. On October 13, 1878, he married for his second wife Lydia Ann Van Wart. He was the father of eleven children, ten by his first wife and one by his second, namely: David H., born February 3, 1848; Mary M., born Sep- tember 7, 1849, who married Charles F. Woodman; Sarah C, born April 22, 1851, who died April 29, 1868; Leonard Tilley, born August 20, 1853; George B., born May 16, 1857; Helen M., who married Robert B. Paterson; James P., born January 26, 1863, who is now residing at the old homestead in Westfield; Mathias Hamm, born December 26, 1S64; William Henry, born November 10, 1 866; Frank, born May 15, 1869; and Otto, born February 5, iS8r, the latter by the second union. Leonard Tilley Nase, who is a member of the firm of P. Nase & Son, successors to P. Nase, married Susie C. Case, and has one son, Philip, born October 12, 1886. George B. , who is residing in Milwaukee, Wis., mar- ried Emily B. Roggenbau. Mathias Hamm Nase, who is a building contractor in New York, married Adelaide Louise Ferrel. William Henry, who is also in the firm of P. Nase & Son, married Mary Massie Flem- ing. Frank, who is an accountant for the 14 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW Anaconda Mining Company of l^utte City, Mont., married Mina S. Hedge. The late Mr. Nase was a member of the Church of England and for some years a ves- tryman of St. Luke's Church, and took a deep interest in religious work. 'ON. HENRY ROBERT EMMER- SON, O.C, of Dorchester, N.B., ■ Premier of the Province of New Brunswick, has been prominently identified with public affairs for a number of years, and is well known in legal circles. A son of the late Rev. Robert H. Emmerson, he was born Sep- tember 2 5, 1S53, in Maugerville, N.B. His paternal grandfather, John Emmerson, was en- gaged in lumbering and farming in New Brunswick during his earlier life, but subse- cjuently removed to Minneapolis, Minn., where he continued his chosen occupation until his death, at a good old age. His wife, whose maiden name was Maria Tozer, attained the venerable age of ninety years. They had nine children, of whom five are now li\-ing. Robert II. iMnmerson was the third child of John and Maria Ennnerson. After obtaining" the rudiments of his education in the district school, he .studied first at the Baptist Semi- nary in Fredericton and later at Acadia Col- lege in Nova Scotia. On leaving the latter institution he prepared for the ministry, and then accepted a call to the Baptist church in Maugerville, Sunbuiy County, where he re- mained some time. He subsecjuently became the pastor of the Baptist church at Moncton, N. B., and was preaching there at the time of his death, which occurred when he was but thirty-one years old. He married Augusta, daughter of Joseph Read, of Minudie, N. S. ; and she is still living, her home being with her son, the Hon. Henry R. Emmerson, in Dorchester. Of their happy union three chil- dren were born, as follows: Henry R. ; F. W. ^ and Emma, wife of Harvey Atkinson, O.C, of Moncton, N.B. Henry R. Emmerson, O.C, pursued his early studies in various educational institutions of note, including St. Joseph's College, Memram- cook, N.B. ; Amherst Academy, Amherst, N. S. ; Mount Allison Academy, Sackville, N. B. ; the English High School, Boston, Mass. ; the Horton Collegiate Academy; and Acadia College, in Wolfville, N. S. Having decided upon a proiessional career, he then began the study of law, and in 1877 graduated from the Boston University Law School with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Immediately locating in Dorchester, N. B., he was admitted to the bar during the same year, and at once began the practice of his profession. He is now a Queen's Counsel for the Province. Since taking up his residence in Westmorland County, Mr. Emmerson has e.xerted a great infiuence in political circles, and has served with ability and fidelity in many offices of trust and responsibility, although at one or two elections of the general Dominion he pro\'ed an unsuccessful candidate for politi- cal honors. For several years he was a School Trustee and the secretary of the Board. In 1S8S he was elected a member of the Provin- \ p Hon. henry R. EMMERSON. BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 17 cial Parliament, representing Albert County. In 1 89 1 he became a member of the Execu- tive Council. On the loth of October, 1892, he was sworn in as Chief Commissioner of Public Works; and in October, 1897, he as- sumed the duties connected with the Premier- ship of this province. He was at one time a member of the Legislative Council of the Province, in which he voted for its abolition ; and this came about in 1892. This honorable record of service in high official positions is speaking evidence of the great estimation in which Mr. Emmerson is held throughout his native province, and is a conspicuous tribute to his talents and integrity. Mr. Emmerson and family, daughter of the late C. B. Record, of Moncton, N. B., were married on June 12, 1878, and they have five children, namely: Ethel R. ; Henry R. , Jr.; Emily K. ; Bernice S. ; and Marion B. Both Mr. and Mrs. Emmerson are members of the Baptist church. Mr. Emmerson is president of the Baptist Convention for the Maritime Provinces; also a member of the Board of Governors of Acadia University. r§> EORGE ROBERT SANGSTER, a \j^J_ prominent and prosperous citizen of Moncton, N.B., is living somewhat retired from active pursuits, enjoying the fruit of his earlier years of industry. He was born No- vember 28, 1834, in Falmouth, N.S. , the town in which his father, the late John Sangster, Jr., first opened his eyes to the light of this beautiful world. He comes of Scotch ancestry on his father's side, his pa- ternal grandfather, John Sangster, Sr., having been born and brought up in Aberdeen, Scot- land. When a young man John Sangster, Sr., emigrated with two of his brothers to Amer- ica. One brother settled in Toronto, Canada, and one at Cape Breton, while John himself bought land in Falmouth, N.S., where he car- ried on general farming with excellent results, and also kept a house of public entertainment, the Sangster Inn, which was well patronized for many years. He was twice married; and his first wife, whose family name was Cleve- land, was the paternal grandmother of George R. Sangster. John Sangster, Jr., was born at the old homestead in Falmouth, N. S. , and there spent the greater portion of his sixty-five years of life, but died in Cornwallis, N.S. Follow- ing the occupation in which he was reared, he became one of the leading agriculturists of that part of the country, and was highly re- spected for his manliness of character and honest dealings. He married Mrs. Ann Northrup Church, who lived to the age of seventy-six years. Both were attendants of the Methodist church. They had six chil- dren, of whom George R. is the only one now living. George R. Sangster pursued his elementary studies in the schools of Canning, N. S., later completing his educaton at the academy in Lower Horton, a neighboring town. Then, little inclined to spend his life in tilling the soil, he went to Boston, Mass., where for sev- BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW eral years he was employed as the driver of a horse-car. Ambitious and venturesome, how- ever, he determined to find some other mode of making a living, and soon joined a party going by mule train to the Rocky Mountains in search of gold. After being there success- fully engaged in mining for some time, he re- turned to Nova Scotia, and for five years was engaged as caterer in the Kentville Station Dining-rooms. In 1876 he came to Moncton, and for ten years was caterer of the dining- room at the Moncton depot. Retiring from business in 1886, Mr. Sangster continued his residence in Moncton, and has since been busily employed in looking after his private interests, which are numerous and important. He is a shareholder in phosphate lands in Florida, and also in the Acadian Coal and Coke Company, of which he is one of the di- rectors. A Liberal in his political views, he is ac- tive in local affairs, and for two "years served as Town Councillor from Ward Three. In 1 8 54 he was made a Mason in Mount Tabor Lodge of East Boston, Mass. He was de- mitted, and is now an honorary member of Keith Lodge, F. & A. M., of Moncton, and is Past Master of Kentville Lodge. He was made a Royal Arch Mason in St. John Royal Arch Chapter, East Boston. Me belongs to Ivanhoe Preceptory of Moncton, N. B. ; also to Prince Albert Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Monc- ton. Having never swerved fi-om the relig- ious faith in which lie was reared, Mr. Sang- ster is an influential member of the Methodist church, to which his family also belong, and he is very liberal in his gifts to that denomi- nation. He erected the Wesley Memorial Church of Moncton, and on its completion in 1890 presented it to the Methodist Society. Mr. Sangster and Rebecca E.,' daughter of Elisha Loomer, of Canning, N.S., were mar- ried on September g, 1857. They have three children living, namely: John B. , born March 17, 1859, who married on May 13, 1885, Alma E. McFarland, and has two children — John C, born July 2, 1886, and Emma R., born November 11, 1893; Lizzie S., who was born March 24, 1S61, and is now the wife of Harry I. Brown, of Moncton, and has one child, Jean S., born February 5, 1893; and George L. , born November 24, 1863. CALUS LOCKWOOD PALMER, late Equity Judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, a jurist of more than Provincial reputation, was at the time of his death, which occurred August 10, 1899, one of the oldest members of the New Brunswick bar. He was born at Sackville, N. B., in 1820, son of Philip Palmer. His grandfather, Gideon Palmer, who was the first of the family in this Province, was living in Westchester, N. Y., when the American Rev- olution broke out; but, remaining loyal to the English crown, he forfeited his estate and came with others to New Brunswick. Here he was appointed by Governor Carleton Coro- ner for the county of Westmorland. His son Philip represented that county for many years in the Legislature of New Brunswick. BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 19 Acalus Lockvvood Palmer received his early education at Sackville. He began the study of law in the office of the Hon. E. B. Chand- ler in February, 1842, one of his fellow- students being the late Albert J. Smith. In 1S46 he was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia and to that of New Brunswick. He soon rose to prominence in his profession, winning laurels both in the Provincial and in the higher courts, where his contentions were almost invariably sustained. In 1867 he was created a Queen's Counsel. He was a leading figure in the Province, and acted as counsel in many important criminal cases, in which, as well as in dealing with questions of commercial law, he proved a formidable antag- onist at the bar. For several years he was president of the Barristers' Society of New Brunswick. From the year 1850 to the time he took his seat on the bench, a period of nearly thirty years, he was probably the fore- most lawyer in the Province, and was em- ployed in nearly all cases of importance that came before the courts. A glance at the records of the Supreme Court for that time discloses the enormous amount of legal work he handled. His biography would cover the legal history of the Province during his time. He was not only engaged in most of the cases of importance during thirty years, but was a most prominent figure in the contests; for, while he was never considered a great orator, his knowledge of law and business lent power- ful influence to his arguments with both court and jury, and his success was marvellous. He also engaged actively for many years in the political contests of the time. He was a strong advocate of confederation, and was twice a candidate in Westmorland County in the confederate interests. Although unsuc- cessful then and again in 1870, when he ran in St. John as candidate for the Legislature, he was elected in 1872 as Representative of St. John in the Parliament of Canada, and successively held the seat until 1878. When first elected he had been a resident of St. John for only five years. He was a warm sup- porter of Sir John McDonald's government, and always took a prominent part in debate. On the creation, in 1879, of an additional judgeship for the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, Mr. Palmer was appointed to fill it, his standing at the bar attesting his emi- nent fitness for the place.. His acceptance of this appointment was a great pecuniary loss to him, his income as a barrister having been far in excess of the salary paid a judge. When he assumed the office of Judge, he dis- played a breadth of legal knowledge and an ability to deal with the most intricate points of law that won for him a place among the ablest of Canadian jurists. Such was his suc- cess as a judge that it may be truly said that out of the old, cumbersome, and dilatory Court of Chancery he has made a most useful, expe- ditious, and popular court in the Province, and one which has absorbed the greatest part of the legal business of the county. He was well known and highly respected by many of the leading jurists of the neighboring republic, and doubtless not less so because of the fearless manner in which, on various occa- BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW sions in that country, he upheld the honor of Canada and the Empire and the memory of the Loyalist founders of his native Province, from whom he himself was descended. Judge Palmer took a deep interest in medical juris- prudence, and was a prominent member of the Medico-Legal Society of New York, of which he was for some years the vice-president for New Hrunswick. He frequently attended the sessions of that body in New York, where he on several occasions presided and where he had many friends. Shortly before his death, despite his advanced age, Judge Palmer was in full possession of bodily vigor and the keen faculties of mind that made him so long a man of mark among his fellows. Palmer's Chambers in Princess Street, containing law offices, was erected by him in 1S7S. In 1850 he was married to Martha Ann, daughter of Andrew Weldon, Esq. By her he had thi'ee children, one son who died in in- fancy; a daughter, Fannie li. ; and Charles Arthur Palmer, of whom mention is made elsewhere in the Re\'iew. Mrs. Martha Palmer died in November, 1882; and on De- cember 14, 1886, Judge Palmer married Amelia Ray, youngest daughter of Gilbert ]5ent, Esq., of St. John. jHARLES ARTHUR PALMER, LL.li, O.C, late of St. John, N.B., who died on January 7, 1899, was born June 6, 1855, ^^ Dorchester, Westmor- land County, N.li. He was a son of Acalus Lock wood I'alm.cr by Iiis first wife, whose maiden name was Martha Ann Weldon. His father was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. Mr. Palmer received his education at Mount Allison College, Sackville, N. B., and the law school at Harvard University. Admitted barrister, he subsequently practised his pro- fession until his death, gaining for himself a wide reputation and a large and important clientage. In politics he was a Conservative, and took an interest in the affairs of his party, but never aspired to I^arliamentary honors, being too much engrossed with his profes- sional duties. Mr. Palmer's success was the result of his real worth of character and dili- gent application. He gained a leading place in his profession early in life. In religion he was a Methodist. He was married October 20, 1881, to Ada Louisa Sancton, daughter of George P. Sanc- ton, lisq. He had two sons — Arthur L. and George S. /IT'S SIDNEY SMITH, born at St. John, V^J. N. B., May 4, 1S34, is the eldest soh of Henry Bowyer and Charlotte L. Smith. Henry Bowyer Smith in 1S24, at the early age of twenty-four years, was appointed by the Im- perial government Comptroller of the port of St. John, and shortly afterward succeeded to the collectorship, which position he continued to hold until the Imperial government was transferred to the colonial authorities in 1848, when he was retired with a pension. He continued to reside in St. John up to the time of his death in 1868. His father was ,**r Hox. WILLIAM H. TUCK. BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 23 Charles Douglass Smith, an officer of dragoons in the British army, a brother of Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, who fought and held in check Napoleon Bonaparte at Acre. G. Sidney Smitii was named after his father's elder brother, Captain George Sidney Smith, of the Royal Navy, who as a midship- man at the age of eleven years was captured by a French man-of-war in Ouiberon Bay, and spent the succeeding seven years of his life as a prisoner of war in a French prison, return- ing" after marvellous hairbreadth escapes to his father's house at Bath at the age of eigh- teen years. By a strange coincidence some time afterward, as a Lieutenant in the navy, he was in command of the boat which conveyed Napoleon from the beach to H. M. S. "Un- daunted" on the occasion of his exile to Elba, and he assisted the ex-emperor along the gang- plank into the boat. After a course of private tuition G. Sidney Smith entered the St. John Grammar School, under the late Dr. Paterson, and remained there some years. He then went to the Col- legiate School at Fredericton, where he 0I3- tained the Douglas silver medal as "Dux" of the school. He then entered King's College, Fredericton (now the University of New Brunswick), where he remained for the full course, winning a foundation scliolarship after a keen competition, taking his degree of Bachelor of Arts with honors, and winning the Douglas gold medal for an essay. He entered on the study of the law in the office of William Jack, O. C, Advocate Gen- eral in St. John, was admitted attorney in October, 1858, and was called to the bar in October, 1859. He has since practised law in the city of St. John, devoting himself largely to the management of trust estates and real estate generally, in which he has had a wide experience. In 1873 he was appointed solicitor and notary to the Bank of New Bruns- wick, and this office he still holds. G. Sidney Smith married in 1861 Elizabeth Sands Thorne, only child of Stephen R. Thorne, a barrister-at-law of Loyalist descent. He has one son, Bowyer Sidney Smith, barrister-at-law, residing in St. John, and four daughters. ON. WILLIAM HENRY TUCK, Chief Justice of New Brunswick, a resident of St. John, is a son of the late Moses Tuck, and was born in Portland, N. 13. , February 27, 1831. The maiden name of his mother was E^lizabeth Travis. His first paternal ancestor in America was Robert Tuck, who came over in 1636 from Gorleston, a sea- board town in the north-easterly part of Suffolk County, England. He lived for a time in Watertown, Mass., but two years later was a petitioner to the General Court at Boston for leave to settle at Hampton, Rockingham County, N. H., and removing to that place there made his home till his death, in 1664. Robert Tuck's son Edward, who was born in England before the family came across the ocean, married Mary Philbrick, and settled on a part of his father's estate, where he died on April 6, 1652. 24 BIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW John Tuck, son of Edward, was born in 1652. He married on November 9, 1677, Bethia, daughter of Morris and Sarah (Eastow) Hobbs. She was born in Hampton on Decem- ber 28, 1658, and died on May 29, 1738. John Tuck died on January 4, 1742, at ninety years of age. The next in line, Edward Tuck, son of John, was born on February 7, 1694 or 1695, and died on June 7, 1772. He was a carpenter by trade, and settled in Kensington, N. H. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah Dearborn, was the daughter of Samuel and Mercy (Batchelder) Dearborn, of Hamp- ton. She was born on June 17, 1699, and died on January 15, 1756. Their son Samuel, great-grandfather of the Hon. William Henry Tuck, was born in Kensington on September 13. 1738- He was married on September 30, 1762, to Anna, daughter of John and Mary (Marston) Moulton, of Hampton, who was born June 24, 1744. After living for some time in Kensington, Samuel removed to Brent- wood, N. H. Later he was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and on November 12, 1777, he died in the army. His widow, who survived him more than fifty-eight years, died on August 8, 1836, over ninety-two years of age. Judge Tuck's grandfather, .Samuel Tuck, son of the above-named Samuel, was born in l^rentwood on April 6, 1765, and was married on July 19, 179s, to Sally Watson, who was born on New Year's Day, 1773. He settled in Fayette, Kennebec County, Me., where he became Captain in the militia and Justice of the Peace. He was a member in 1821 of the first legislature of the State of Maine. His death occurred on July 8, 1840, and that of his wife on January 2, 1868, at the age of ninety-five years. Moses Tuck, father of the Judge, was born in Fayette, Me., on March 25, 1799, and was married to Elizabeth Travis on November 15, 1828. He was a resident in St. John for about half a century, and died there on April 28, 1868. Judge Tuck was educated in the local schools and at Mount Allison University, Sackville, N.B. In 1855 he was called to the bar, and subsequently for many years he practised the profession of law in St. John with marked success. He became Clerk of the Crown and Queen's Counsel in June, 1867, and succeeded the late Hon. R. L. Hazen, O. C, and Re- corder of St. John in 1874. In the latter year also he was president of the Barristers' Society, and received the honorar}' degree of Doctor of Civil Law from Mount Allison University. For many years he was an active politician on the Conservative side, and labored earnestly in behalf of a British-American union. In 1882 he unsuccessfully contested the city and county of St. John for the Canadian House of Commons. 