title: International mining cost indexation system : indexes for 96 countries
text: 4 o "^ '"VISAS' * ^ ** ^ .... «*>. "" *> >b\? ^d* S.9 »»*• 'bV ^v* :iMQfi* *+$ -v^^a ^o* 1 *L^Lr 1 »i^L'*- V- .«> ..... <e • %^ .-^jfe- \/ . % SK- V** --a\k^-. ^ .. 0^ V *^XT«* A 'bK ^ '% « cU /^i-^ ^/i^%^ ^°'/^ii/^ J^sti®*:^ ,<?\' c Mk*~°* ^ ..¥ ^ o . -*^ T ,- v <U ' ' ^ A 'V^ ***** % ^ SjI • "^ < :■ ^°^ • *^g k v^ ,4 s < r -s. v o . » - ,vj v-> • . . s - < ' "* J. *~ o. & .. y oV* *\ ^o^ •- ^ ^o^ fl V-wV V--f^V v-^*V ^--wr-v % '-»?<>*' X iP v*. ^0 4<k .0 "1'°' ■?■ V ^0* -4 o*. W • A y% iPv\ * V 6 °"»» '^ v 40. ^ < G u ♦ Jo. •<r %' T ^^*/ \*W\4> V*^V % ™'*/ V '^^ ^.^' «hf ,40. ^^ . 1 • ^°*. ^/ v** •• jte- %■/ .-^r- %,<•* a5°^ • ' * a\ * , " o. Bureau of Mines Information Circular International Mining Cost Indexes for 96 Countries By D. E. Sullivan, P. R. Thomas, and E. H. Yaremchuk UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Information Circular 9158 International Mining Cost Indexes for 96 Countries By D. E. Sullivan, P. R. Thomas, and E. H. Yaremchuk UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Donald Paul Hodel, Secretary BUREAU OF MINES David S. Brown, Acting Director As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environment and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island territories under U.S. administration. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Sullivan, Daniel E. International mining cost indexing system indexes for 96 countries. (Information circular; 9158) Supt. of Docs, no.: I 28.27: 9158. 1. Mineral industries — Costs — Statistical methods. 2. Index numbers (Economics) I. Thomas, Paul R. II. Yaremchuk, Elizabeth H. III. Title. IV. Series: Information circular (United States. Bureau of Mines); 9158. TN295.U4 [HD9506.A2] 622 s [338.2'3] 87-600139 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 Ill PREFACE This volume contains the first comprehensive compilation of the International Mining Cost Indexation System (IMCI) to be published by the Bureau of Mines. The IMCI is used in cost evaluations conducted by the Minerals Availability Program to update country-specific mining and processing capital and operating cost data and transportation cost data to comparable time periods. The volume includes mining cost indexes for 96 countries, many of which were developed by Phoenix Associates, Inc., under contract to the Bureau of Mines. Country documentation reports that detail index construction methodology and provide full bibliographic information and primary data are available for some countries as open file reports. Questions about the Minerals Availability Program and the IMCI should be addressed to the Chief, Division of Minerals Availability, Bureau of Mines, 2401 E St., NW., Washington, DC 20241. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without the permission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior. CONTENTS Page Preface iii Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mining cost indexes 3 Appendix. — Generic example of cost updating using the IMCI 52 TABLES 1. Mining industry cost index categories and concept definitions Mining cost indexes for — 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Algeria Angola Argentina Australia Austria Bolivia Botswana Brazil British Solomon Islands Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) .. Burma Cameroon Canada Chile Colombia Congo Costa Rica Cyprus Dominican Republic Egypt Ethiopia Fiji Finland France French Guyana Gabon Germany, Federal Republic of Ghana Greece Guatemala Guinea Guyana Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Italy Ivory Coast Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea Liberia Page 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 Mining cost indexes for — 50. 51. 52. 53. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. Libya Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Mauritania Mexico Morocco Mozambique Namibia Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Norway Oman Pakua 27 28 28 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 Panama 36 Papua New Guinea 37 Peru 37 Philippines 38 Portugal 38 Saudi Arabia 39 Senegal 39 Sierra Leone 40 South Africa, Republic of 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 50 50 51 Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Syria Taiwan Thailand Togo Tunisia Turkey Uganda United  publication contains 12 mining cost indexes for each of 96 countries. The cost indexes comprise the International Mining Cost Indexion System (IMCI). The IMCI is an ongoing system that maintains and develops measures of average annual rates of change in the cost of factor inputs to the mining sector of selected foreign countries and the United States. The factor inputs include wages, equipment, mining supplies, electric power, fuel, transportation, and other measures that are considered to comprise the majority of mining capital and operating costs. Concept definitions for each factor input are listed in table 1. The mining cost indexes are shown by country tables 2 through 97. Data are available from 1970 to 1983 for all countries, with some series extending to 1985. Twelve indexes and an exchange rate are presented for each year in each country table. The top portion of each country table lists the indexes denominated in local currency and the currency exchange rate in terms of local currency per U.S. dollar. The bottom portion shows the identical indexes denominated in U.S. dollars and the exchange ratio used in the conversion from local currency index to U.S. currency index. Cost data for constructing new indexes or existing indexes are collected in terms of the local currency. Typical sources include publications of the United Nations, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, national statistical offices, and other governmental and nongovernmental agencies, banks, and foreign embassies. Index construction and forecasting are per- formed using standard econometric techniques that are structured to accommodate the unique data availability of each country. Indexes within each country are constructed separately and indexed on a 1975 base year. The formula to convert from local currency index (LCI) to U.S. currency index (USCI) is— USCI = LCI x (1975 exchange rate/current year exchange rate). Two guidelines should be observed when using the IMCI system to make comparisons of index changes between countries to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions. First, compare the minerals produced by each country. If the minerals industry in a country is dominated by the production of one or two major minerals, the indexes necessarily reflect changing costs in the production of those commodities. Comparisons should only be made between countries that produce like commodities and employ similar mining technologies. Second, always work with figures denominated in the same currency, prefer- ably the currency of the country that will be affected by analysis of the data. When comparisons are made to U.S. costs, for example, a U.S. -dollar-denominated index should be used. Table 1. — Mining industry cost index categories and concept definitions Index Category Concept definition 1 Mining wage 2 Construction wage 3 Equipment and repair parts 4 Bits and related steel 5 Timber and lumber 6 Fuel 7 Explosives 8 10 Tires and rubber Construction materials Chemicals 11 Transportation 12 Electric power Mine and plant labor; includes skilled, unskilled, local, and expatriate labor. Includes all labor (see index 1 above) employed in the construction of mine and mill plants. Equipment and repair parts relevant to mining and milling operations and related infrastructure, e.g., front-end loaders, shovels, load haul dumps, trucks, trains, jumbo drills, as well as crushers, grinding mills, flotation cells, thickeners, dryers, etc. Steel for mining and milling applications such as drill bits, pipe, fan liners, etc., as well as replacement parts such as steel balls, rods, shell and head liners, scoop lips, etc. Timber and lumber for applications such as cribbing, lagging, and support in underground mining. Refined fuel products weighted toward diesel. All types of blasting supplies, e.g., propellant powders, blasting caps, etc. All types of tires applicable to mining operations, e.g., for load haul dumps and trucks, as well as other parts made of rubber, such as conveyor or other "belts" for machinery. Materials such as sand, gravel, cement, limestone, reinforcing rods, steel, fasteners, etc., for use in construction of mine and mill plants and related infrastructure. Mining and milling chemicals used in daily operations, e.g., wetting agents, mining reagents, dust depressants, flocculants, etc. Transport based upon an assessment of the country's normal freight transport network relevant to the mineral industry. Includes rail, truck, barge, and pipeline. Standard industrial. The IMCI was developed by the Bureau of Mines to support its engineering and economic evaluation of foreign mineral properties and also to serve as a separate product of the Minerals Availability Program that is available to the public to support mining industry or Property-specific cost evaluations. It is used to update property-specific cost estimates either in the currency of the host country or in terms of U.S. dollars in the Bureau's engineering Cost Estimating System, in the Supply Analysis Model, and in various economic market models. An example of cost updating using the IMCI is included as an appendix. The IMCI can also be used to measure the differing rates of change in the costs of factor inputs to the mining industry of foreign countries and to quantity the foreign exchange bias that enters into cost conversions from a local to a base currency. The IMCI is an integral part of the Minerals Availability Program of the Bureau of Mines. The Minerals Availability Program investigates the availability of mineral resources in the United States and other countries and estimates the supply potential of minerals considered either essential or strategic to national security and the U.S. economy. The program identifies, collects, compiles, and evaluates information on producing and potential deposits and on mineral processing plants. Major activities of the program include classification of domestic and foreign mineral resources, evaluation of mineral production costs, and sensitivity analyses of physical, technologic, and economic factors that influence the viability of mineral production. The IMCI enables minerals analysis in the Bureau of Mines to monitor and evaluate the change in mining costs through time on an individual factor basis as well as on an operating, capital, or total cost basis. In addition, the IMCI can be used to determine the degree to which the competitiveness of the mining industry in different countries is influenced by changing factor input costs and the strength of the host country's currency. It should be noted that indexes reflect only the relative cost of a factor input within a country and not differences in factor input costs between countries. Other applications for the IMCI are currently being researched. Any users who develop new applications for the indexes or improved methodologies are encouraged to notify the Division of Minerals. Availability of the Bureau of Mines. MINING COST INDEXES Table 2. — Mining cost indexes for Algeria Trml n mercy index Year Mining Ctnsbxo- Bjiipnent ard Bits ard re~ Tinterard FUel Explo- Tiies ard QjTstnctkn Qwrimls Ttanepar- Electric Exchange vace tiai VJBCE nmir prats lated steel lirtter sives niter jraterials tatkn power rate 1970 58.5 78.6 65.8 66.4 42.5 38.3 64.9 52.4 72.8 63.9 91.2 100.0 4.937 1971 89.6 74.2 68.4 62.6 43.7 45.2 68.1 59.6 73.3 66.8 85.3 100.0 4.913 1972 113.1 81.8 64.1 61.1 47.1 53.0 70.1 66.3 81.7 66.5 86.3 100.0 4.484 1973 92.7 87.1 59.2 78.8 106.8 56.5 70.5 71.3 82.6 72.2 87.3 100.0 3.959 1974 101.4 97.8 78.0 123.6 100.8 87.0  104.2 102.0 121.0 104.3 129.4 100.0 4.164 1977 158.1 115.7 136.0 1G2.6 131.7 107.0 106.8 107.5 126.9 111.6 132.4 100.0 4.147 1978 163.5 126.1 142.4 121.3 151.6 121.7 11B.6 111.5 139.6 121.3 109.8 100.0 3.966 1979 174.1 172.8 153.3 145.7 163.0 128.9 137.6 114.8 151.8 139.8 180.4 100.0 3.853 1980 237.7 223.9 174.8 153.3 193.1 192.3 157.7 129.5 164.3 151.5 195.1 100.0 3.837 1981 269.8 253.1 21B.8 133.7 183.7 274.4 154.3 161.0 185.1 148.9 184.3 100.0 4.316 1962 280.9 263.2 252.6 143.7 161.6 287.5 147.1 154.9 196.0 154.4 218.6 100.0 4.592 1983 295.4 276.4 264.7 136.7 144.2 271.8 137.6 168.8 20Q.9 153.4 222.6 100.0 4.789 1934 317.2 296.3 277.7 135.9 137.6 263.7 124.2 186.1 215.8 149.8 229.9 100.0 4.983 1985 334.4 312.0 282.3 137.5 167.3 262.5 132.6 203.8 225.2 158.3 235.4 100.0 5.033 IT.K. nimnrv irriraf fear Mining Ccrsfcruc- Ejiipment ard Bits ard re- Tinter ard FUel Explo- Tires ard QTEtnri-Jm Chemicals Transpor- Electric Exchange WBCJ2 tkn vbcb repair parts lated stBel luter sives niter naberials tation pcuer ratio 1970 46.8 62.9 52.6 53.1 34.0 30.6 51.9 41.9 58.2 51.1 72.9 80.0 0.799878 1971 72.0 59.6 55.0 50.3 35.1 36.3 54.7 47.9 58.9 53.7 68.5 80.4 .803785 1972 99.6 72.0 56.5 53.8' 41.5 46.7 61.8 58.4 72.0 58.6 76.0 88.1 .880686 1973 92.5 86.9 59.1 78.6 105.5 56.4 70.3 71.1 82.4 72.0 87.0 99.7 .997474 1974 95.8 92.4 73.7 116.8 95.2 82.1  98.8 114.8 98.9 122.7 94.8 .948366 1977 150.6 110.2 129.5 97.7 125.4 101.8 101.7 102.3 120.8 106.3 126.0 95.2 .952254 1978 162.8 125.6 141.7 120.8 121.2 118.1 111.0 139.0 120.7 109.3 99.6 .995713 1979 178.5 177.1 157.1 149.3 167.1 132.1 141.0 117.6 155.6 143.3 184.9 102.5 1.024915 1930 244.6 230.4 179.9 157.8 198.7 197.9 162.3 133.3 169.1 155.9 200.8 102.9 1.029189 1981 246.8 231.6 200.2 122.3 168.1 251.1 141.2  188.0 86.0 .859973 1933 243.6 227.9 218.3 112.7 118.9 224.2 113.4 139.2 168.1 126.5 183.6 82.5 .824598 1984 251.3 234.8 220.1 107.7 109.1 209.0 98.4 147.5 171.0 118.7 182.1 79.2 .792494 1985 262.4 244.8 221.5 107.9 131.2 206.0 104.0  69.2 38.2 D.4 70.6 63.8 69.4 61.4 52.6 56.8 28.750 1971 26.2 57.1 61.9 71.6 39.5 17.5 72.3 65.7 72.2 63.3 55.3 59.1 28.750 1972 25.8 58.8 59.7 73.6 43.8 61.4 73.4 67.6 71.4 65.4 59.6 53.0 27.011 1973 44.7 66.2 57.1 79.6 101.9 23.9 77.6 73.4 74.2 71.4 67.5 64.8 24.673 1774 97.0 84.9 73.3 95.2 94.6 102.2  255.4 190.3 28.483 192.7 267.7 231.8 256.9 162.5 164.3 360.1 124.6 127.3 170.4 227.2 281.2 205.4 30.210 180.3 280.3 250.5 258.1 147.0 140.6 325.4 114.6 120.2  1983 237.1 211.8 218.3 124.3 118.9 275.2 96.9 101.7 128.1 187.5 257.9 186.6 .845345 Table 4. — Mining cost indexes for Argentina local cu m j lv irdac Year Mining CtrsfcriB- EtpiprrTt ard Bits ard re- Tiritiar ard ReL Dplo- Tires ard Crxstnrtkn Chemicals Trarspor- Electric Derange wage tim vaqa repair carts lated steel lurtaer sires ntfaer rtHterials tatkn rcwer rate 1970 15.2 7.2 6.5 4.1 7.1 5.0 3.4 13.9 4.8 7.7 9.5 39.1 0.0004 1971 21.4 10.1 7.7 5.5 9.7 6.7 4.2 15.5 5.9 9.5 11.1 49.2 .0006 13.0 10.1 17.6 10.3 8.2 25.2 9.9 15 18.4 52.5 .0008 13.2 16.5' 30.5 18.7 10.8 35.5 16.0 21.9 32.2 73.4 .0009 24.2 22.2 41.6  619.8 620.9 610.2 .0140 1377 1144.2 646.7 1154.0 1349.0 1694.0 1125.3 1027.6 1447.3 1087.8 1548.7 1684.0 1804.4 .0410 1978 2092.4 1249.1 2784.2 2950.4 4305.7 2876.2 2581.6 3688.8 2864.0 4109.3 4706.0 4807.7 .0800 1979 5190.6 3239.1 6300.2 6039.1 10649.1 5317.9 3829.2 8153.5 7322.0 9316.4 11133.1 12384.4 .1320 1372 31.5 14.6 1973 49.4 26.5 1374 63.8 35.9 1975 100.0 100.0 1376 518.2 299.3 I960 12473.5 7638.7 11414.3 11106.1 22960.7 11442.9 4959.0 15783.0 14578.2 17869.4 23867.6 27706.8 .1840 1961 28888.2 14362.4 22670.8 21541.0 33879.5 27720.0 10428.2 45446.6 29404.3 40731.5 50537.0 63558.2 .4400 1962 86125.8 34291.4 80438.8 93366.5 114238.0 75961.8 43528.0 185674.0 85501.3 140067.0 126578.0 135947.0 2.5920 1983 394207.0 231106.0 431698.0 357842.0 896599.0 467923.0 273763.0 751362.0 417513.0 601046.1 631491.1 577041.0 10.5300 1964 2868410.0 2037240.0 2271S10.0 2043230.0 7674450.0 3993180.0 2268420.0 3339910.0 2836550.0 4052630.0 4637160.0 4971310.0 67.6490 1985 16135500.0 12804600.0 11778400.0 10332100.0 58003900.0 29298800.0 16048600.0 14665400.0 15763600.0 21360400.0 25068000.0 28343100.0 356.4730 U.S. curraxy irdsx Year Mining Ctnstrcc- Egjifnart ard Bits ard re- Tinfcer ard Ftel Dplo- Tires ard Ccrstricticn Chemicals Tranapar- Electric Derange vfre tkn wane rgsir parts lated steel lurtaer sives ntber naterials tatkn pcwer ratio 1970 140.6 66.6 60.1 37.9 65.7 46.3 31.5 128.6 44.4 71.2 87.9 361.7 9.250000 1971 153.4 74.7 57.0 40.7 71.8 49.6 31.1 114.7 43.7 70.3 82.1 364.1 7.400000 1972 145.7 67.5 60.1 46.7 81.4 47.6 37.9 116.6 45.8 69.4 85.1 242.8 4.625000 1373 203.1 103.9 78.9 67.8 125.4 76.9 44.4 145.9 65.8 90.0 132.4 301.8 4.111111 1374 262.3 147.6 99.5 91.3 171.0 133.2  156.6 146.4 151.7 163.8 164.1 161.3 .264285 1377 103.3 53.4 104.1 121.7 152.9 101.6 92.7 130.6 98.2 139.8 152.0 162.8 .090244 1978 96.8 57.8 128.8 136.5 199.1 133.0 119.4 170.6 132.5 190.1 217.6 222.4 .046250 1979 145.5 90.8 176.6 169.3 304.1 163.1 107.3 228.7 205.2 261.1 3D. 9 347.1 .028030 1330 250.8 154.6 229.5 223.3 461.7 230.1 99.7 317.4 293.2 359.3 480.0 557.2 .020109 1981 242.9 120.8 190.6 181.1 284.9 233.1 87.7 332.2 247.3 342.5 425.0 576.5 .008409 1332 122.9 49.0 114.8 133.3 163.1 108.4 62.1 265.0 122.1 200.0 180.7 134.1 .001427 1983 133.5 81.2 151.7 125.7 315.0 164.4 96.2 264.0 146.7 211.2 221.9 202.8 .000351 1984 156.9 111.4 124.3 111.8 419.8 218.4 124.1 182.7 155.1 221.7 256.4 271.9 .000065 135 167.5 132.9 122.3 107.8 602.1 304.1 166.6 152.2 163.6 221.7 260.1 299.4 .000010 Table 5. — Mining cost indexes for Australia local currency index Year Minirg QtrsfcriE- Bjrjpierit ard Bits arc! re- Tints: are 1 Fuel Bplo- Tires and QTstructia i Chemicals Iransptr- Electric Bchargs vaqs ticn worp iFmir tarts 62.6 lated steel 53.6 ltnter 54.0 69.3 sires 89.0 niter materials tatim ccwer rate 1970 43.5 44.6 86.3 53.5 67.0 54.9 75.8 0.898 1971 49.4 50.1 65.6 62.0 56.6 72.6 88.4 84.8 62.0 66.2 59.6 76.6 .880 1972 52.4 54.7 69.3 66.4 60.9 77.2 91.5 80.7 64.9 64.2 64.7 78.2 .839 1973 53.8 62.4 73.5 70.7 71.2 81.7 78.5 69.3 70.2 64.4 73.4 81.4 .706 1974 87.9 87.2 85.0 81.4 86.7 86.3  119.1 116.5 114.0 106.3 129.0 109.2 .818 1977 126.1 126.1 123.6 131.4 123.1 117.5 138.9 134.8 124.6 113.6 167.2 118.0 .902 1978 135.6 137.0 133.2 142.2 131.0 162.3 145.6 138.0 133.3 120.7 202.8 127.5 .874 1979 144.4 143.0 145.0 155.5 143.9 195.8 164.3 162.4 147.0 139.4 237.7 137.3 .895 1990 159.1 153.3 164.0 175.3 165.1 255.5 181.7 183 ..4 163.7 161.3 275.9 151.2 .878 1931 184.9 183.3 180.0 196.3 182.6 293.9 203.2 191.3 186.4 170.5 342.1 172.2 .870 1362 198.5 202.2 201.0 221.9 196.8 350.5 216.7 198.8 1B7.3 181.4 356.0 194.6 .983 1933 207.0 211.8 215.3 235.2 209.2 317.4 224.7 190.9 199.1 191.5 400.5 206.0 1.108 1934 216.1 220.4 228.2 246.8 232.0 332.7 242.4 215.6 210.1 197.6 437.0 198.9 1.188 1985 237.8 242.4 248.8 270.1 252.4 349.9 265.7 233.6 233.0 206.2 491.8 201.0 1.259 U.S. Canary index Year Ministry Grain and Steel Bagging and Refining Tires and Carts Tires and Carts Furnaces Electric power Bagging Ratio 1970 37.0 37.9 53.3 49.9 45.9 58.9 75.7 73.4 49.7 57.0 46.7 64.5 0.850779 1971 42.8 43.5 56.9 53.8 49.2 63.0 76.8 73.6 53.8 57.5 50.9 66.5 .863181 1972 47.7 49.8 63.1 60.5 55.5 70.3 83.4 73.5 59.1 58.5 58.9 71.2 .910607 1973 63.6 67.5 79.5 76.5 77.1 88.5 75.0 75.0 69.7 79.4 88.1 1.082152 1974 96.3 95.6 93. 2 89.2 94.6  111.3 108.8 106.5 99.3 120.5 102.0 .933985 1977 106.8 106.8 106.8 1D4.7 111.3 104.3 99.5 117.7 114.2 1D5.5 96.2 141.6 99.9 .847006 1978 118.5 119.8 116.4 124.3 114.5 141.8 127.3 120.6 116.5 1D5.5 177.2 111.5 .874141 1979 123.3 122.1 123.8 122.8 167.2 140.2 138.6 125.5 119.0 202.9 117.2 . 853631 1980 138.5 137.7 142.7 152.5 143.6 222.3 153.1 159.6 146.8 140.3 240.1 131.6 .870159 1931 162.3 161.0 153.1 172.4 160.3 258.1 182.8 168.0 163.7 149.7 300.4 151.2 .878160 1982 154.3 157.1 156.2 172.4 152.9 272.4 168.4 154.5 145.6 141.0 276.7 151.2 .777212 1983 142.7 146.0 148.4 162.1 144.2 218.9 154.9 131.6 137.3 132.1 276.2 142.0 .639530 1934 139.0 141.7 146.7 158.7 149.2 213.9 155.8 138.6 135.1 127.0 281.0 127.9 .643097 1935  cost indexes for Austria Local currency index Year Ministry Chemistry  89.2 96.5 121.6 97.2  1930 140.7 149.1 121.4 106.3 134.5 153.6 114.9 114.3 125.4 121.6 113.6 126.9 12.938 1981 150.6 160.1 131.8 107.7 140.9 191.4 133.7 123.4 138.4 137.2 127.7 139.5 137.2 127.7 139.5 138.5 194.9 141.8 128.8 147.1 146.4 132.6 145.4 17.059 1983 170.3 181.0 139.7 124.6 136.1 191.1 121.1 127.7 150.5 147.2 135.2 146.5 17.963 1984 183.8 190.2 146.2 126.1 139.6 192.0 116.6 119.5 150.1 136.5 139.6 155.0 18.500 1935 196.9 202.1 153.8 130.1 143.8 179.1 118.7 124.0 151.9 140.3 145.8 163.1 16.500 U.S. currency index Year Mining vaga Crust-Byrnp and Bits and re- Tinker and Fual tknvece recairparts lated steel looter Belo- Tiresard Obstruction Chemicals Transpor- Electric Deterge sjvres n JJja. Imperial a l l a tation power ratio 1970 33.9 37.4 48.8 46.0 48.2 38.8 51.9 50.2 50.1 34.7 50.1 55.4 0.669884 1971 40.6 41.6 55.1 50.3 53.5 46.8 53.0 56.1 55.7 38.2 52.0 57.7 .697796 1972 49.2 50.8 63.2 54.4 56.4 51.8 60.6 60.0 62.9 41.2 61.5 64.7 .753493 1973 65.1 66.4 70.7 63.3 90.2 59.1 74.2 75.4 70.9 54.5 72.7 84.7 .889530 1974 76.0 79.1 83.1 89.9 113.3 90.6  101.6 98.4 102.3 94.1 96.8 102.0 .970347 1977 124.9 130.7 117.8 105.1 116.8 11S.4 111.0 108.2 115.6 100.2 120.7 116.6 1.053851 1978 149.3 161.9 137.6 120.4 127.7 134.8 129.2 120.3 134.5 113.7 144.4 132.7 1.199352 1979 171.5 135.8 151.6 135.6 152.8 160.0 143.7 137.4 152.1 145.1 148.9 150.6 1.302887 1960 189.4 200.8 163.4 143.1 181.1 206.8 154.6 153.9 168.8 163.7 152.9 170.9 1.346189 1931 164.7 175.1 144.1 117.8 154. 209.3 146.2 151.4 150.0 139.7 152.6 1.093551 1932 165.2 174.9 140.8 127.4 141.4 199.0 144.8 131.6 150.2 149.5 135.4 148.5 1.0 90865 1983 165.1 1755 135.4 120.8 132.0 185.3 117.4 123.8 145.9 142.7 131.1 142.1 .969604 1934 173.0 179.0 137.6 118.7 131.5 180.7 109.8 112.5 141.3 128.5 131.4 146.0 .941459 1935 207.9 213.4 162.4 137.3 151.8 189.0 125.3 130.9 160.4 148.1 153.9 177.4 1.055575 Table 7. currency irdex Year Minirg Cterstruc- Enpirment ard Bits ard re- Tints: ard Fuel Explo- Tires ard Ctrstrirticn Chemirrtls TranEpor- Electric Exchange vece ticn vece iHHir carts lated steel lumber sives niter materials tatim cower ratio 1970 101.9 93.6 52.6 39.2 30.0 111.5 32.5 54.6 55.0 74.0 33.8 101.1 1.683501 1971 106.2 99.9 55.1 43.8 18.9 115.0 33.3 55.5 55.1 75.9 52.2 103.1 1.683501 1972 105.6 101.8 56.5 44.9 30.2 106.9 36.8 61.3 55.9 67.0 55.7 92.1 1.504324 1973 77.1 75.1 59.1 64.3 63.1 91.4 42.2 71.2 70.8 85.1 50.3 66.1 1.000000 1974 100.0 99.7 73.7 91.4 76.4 91.7  162.0 94.0 107.4 1.000000 1977 125.5 145.5 129.5 121.1 119.2 162.9 92.3 99.9 10B.8 139.1 100.7 118.1 1.000000 1978 148.8 160.0 141.8 135.7 149.9 162.7 118.7 110.0 124.9 189.0 103.9 11S.1 1.000000 1979 158.7 214.6 157.1 167.8 154.3 181.1 106.4 117.7 167.1 253.9 126.6 119.5 .980728 1980 165.2 243.0 179.9 221.2 157.1 399.9 98.8 135.9 219.2 356.0 153.9 173.5 .815993 1981 170.4 302.0 200.2 179.1 173.5 596.7 86.7 152.2 206.6 338.6 197.8 333.0 .815993 1982 109.7 161.1 217.2 131.8 111.1 379.5 61.4 135.8 153.4 197.8 164.3 204.8 .311915 1983 89.4 131.9 218.3 125.7 92.2 287.7 96.2 142.7 137.2 211.1 169.2 128.0 .087039 1984 106.7 156.0 220.0 131.7 111.0 258.4 124.0 152.4 143.8 221.6 222.0 123.0 .009198 1985 76.2 111.3 221.5 107.7 79.3 246.8 166.5 166.8 148.7 221.7 159.7 H7.2 .000942 Table 8. — Mining cost indexes for Botswana Trrnl nimnrv irdat Year Minirg Ctrstruc- FrjiipTErt ard Bits ard re- Tinter ard Fuel Bplo- Tires ard Crrstruction Chanioals Transprxr— Electric Bcharge VBDB tim wece ri^ mr enrte IhIhI ptfpI lutber S1M33 niter materials taticn cower rate 1970 38.2 38.2 51.8 47.7 56.1 49.6 53.1 62.0 58.2 56.1 74.5 19.8 1.400 1971 52.8 52.8 54.9 49.2 61.3 52.8 54.2 63.9 60.1 61.3 77.1 25.0 1.398 1972 60.4 60.4 59.0 53.6 64.3 54.7 57.3 65.1 62.7 64.3 58.8 24.5 1.302 1973 69.5 69.5 64.9 64.4 69.4 57.6 61.6 70.5 67.0 69.4 69.1 30.0 1.444 1974 84.7 84.7 78.5 76.8 84.8 83.3  106.4 111.0 110.3 104.4 121.4 234.8 1.150 1977 136.8 136.8 133.6 134.9 121.3 173.0 124.7 131.6 128.4 121.3 133.8 264.1 1.188 1978 159.9 159.9 149.3 153.9 153.5 177.9 148.9 146.3 144.8 153.5 117.8 283.2 1.207 1979 193.0 193.0 163.2 179.8 163.4 284.7 159.7 159.5 160.5 163.4 123.6 331.5 1.228 1990 206.2 206.2 181.0 197.5 185.1 334.7 184.1 178.1 182.3 185.1 130.5 367.2 1.287 1981 256.4 256.4- 211.2 232.3 227.1 377.2 217.0 197.8 208.0 227.1 199.0 408.8 1.200 1982 290.1 290.1 245.6 276.3 240.1 442.0 256.7 225.1 244.1 240.1 238.2 456.4 .979 1983 324.6 324.6 266.3 298.6 248.3 431.9 259.2 233.2 255.7 248.3 311.8 487.1 .913 U.S. Current Year Ministry Construction and repairs and repairs Timber and Fuel Dye Tires and Construction Chemicals Trappage Electric Bircharge Weece Tables Rubber Material Cower T7*Hn 1970 37.3 37.3 50.5 46.5 54.8 48.4 51.8 60.5 56.8 54.8 54.8 72.7 19.4 0.975714 1971 51.6  65.6  217.8 217.8 192.2 209.6 196.5 355.3 195.4 189.1 193.5 196.5 138.6 389.8 1.061383 1981 291.9 291.9 240.5 264.4 253.5 429.4 247.1 225.1 236.8 253.5 226.5 465.3 1.138333 1982 404.8 404.8 342.7 385.5 335.0 616.7 358.2 314.1 340.6 335.0 335.0 334.4 336.4 636.9 1.395301 1983 485.7 485.7 398.4 446.8 371.6 646.3 387.9 348.9 382.6 371.6 466.5 728.9 1.496166 Table 9. currency index Year Mining QxEtn_c- BjjiproErfc end Bits ard rer- Timber and FuaL Bqalo- Tires and Ctretructijcn Chemicals TteTECCC- Electric Bchanga ueaa ticn wn? ueoair carts IhIhI Ftppl luiber si\es lubber mhIi-y ialp tatim power Tatio 1970 55.1 46.7 76.4 61.9 53.7 45.2 34.6 69.2 63.4 52.6 67.5 66.4 1.769046 1971 56.7 49.2 74.4 63.4 61.2 48.2 33.1 70.0 63.4 53.5 72.9 70.2 1.536375 1972 67.4 52.5 76.0 64.0 81.5 54.4 38.5 73.5 67.8 57.2 73.4 72.7 1.369565 1973 71.5 64.4 82.8 72.0 113.0 60.4 44.9 78.0 79.4 62.8 78.0 81.3 1.326640 1974 88.0 86.4 91.7 90.1 125.7 87.1  79.7 93.1 105.7 106.4 101.3 92.7 .761454 1977 113.7 108.5 105.2 97.2 112.2 137.8 75.3 108.3 109.9 115.8 122.6 109.3 .574752 1978 123.1 118.2 111.7 100.0 125.5 142.9 76.7 118.0 118.0 120.1 134.4 107.9 .449750 1979 132.4 127.8 108.7 95.9 153.1 160.8 83.3 110.2 130.7 127.6 142.4 141.9 .301558 1980 120.5 117.4 104.8 84.0 199.7 213.3 104.1 108.5 148.0 153.1 138.6 137.4 .154183 1981 141.6 138.4 142.1 93.2 189.7 266.7 118.3 157.1 168.6 204.5 173.1 161.1 .037274 1982 199.6 156.2 142.5 89.8 163.3 255.7 116.9 189.1 186.1 203.0 185.4 154.8 .045273 1983 96.4 94.4 102.3 54.9 122.4 223.3 86.5 136.8 127.7 170.8 156.9 134.1 .014063 1934 79.7 78.1 94.5 51.2 118.6 222.7 91.7 127.7 132.6 177.5 156.3 133.3 .004400 1985 77.9 76.3 94.2 41.6 96.3 296.7 103.7 126.4 133.8 203.2 203.2 177.4 .001466 Table 10.— Mining cost indexes for British Solomon Islands Icrnl nirrmry indsx Year Mining Qrstrtr*- Bgjicment and Bits ard rer- Timber and ReI ©plo- Tires ard Qxetitrticn Chemicals Transpcr- Electric FXlnya vace tknvBce lecair carts latKi f*a?l lunbsr sives rubber materials taticn power rate 1970 69.3 69.3 62.6 53.6 54.0 69.3 89.0 64.1 53.5 67.0 65.9 85.6 0.898 1971 69.3 69.3 65.6 62.0 55.6 72.6 88.4 64.0 62.0 66.2 67.9 85.6 .830 1972 74.1 74.1 69.3 66.4 60.9 77.2 91.5 67.3 64.9 64.2 72.2 85.8 .839 1973 76.5 76.5 73.5 70.7 71.2 81.7 78.5 65.8 70.2 64.4 74.5 87.2 .705 1974 90.9 90.9 85.0 81.4 86.7 86.3  123.6 131.4 123.1 117.5 138.9 11B.0 124.6 113.6 116.6 120.3 .902 1978 117.9 117.9 133.2 142.2 131.0 162.3 145.6 125.8 133.3 120.7 127.1 145.0 .874 1979 127.4 127.4 145.0 155.5 143.9 195.8 164.3 137.8 147.0 139.4 139.7 168.0 .895 1980 144.1 144.1 164.0 175.3 165.1 255.5 181.7 155.4 168.7 161.3 160.7 208.7 .874 1981 167.7 167.7 180.0 196.3 1B2.6 293.9 208.2 173.3 186.4 170.5 183.1 234.9 .870 1982 193.9 193.9 201.0 221.9 196.8 371.1 216.7 174.8 187.3 181.4 207.6 287.6 .983 1933 202.3 20G.3 219.2 231.0 197.1 371.1 224.7 197.1 200.7 1B9.4 220.4 287.6 1.065 U.S. U.S. currency irdex Year Mining QXBtrtc- Bjiicmert ard Bits ard re- Tintier and FUaL Bplo- Tires ard CbrBtruction Chemicals Transpcr- Electric Bcharge vace ticn vace rFTnir carts latHif*eel luiber S1\«S niter hhUj. ials taticn cower ratio 1970 53.9 58.9 53.3 49.9 45.9 53.9 75.7 54.5 49.7 57.0 56.9 72.8 0.850779 1971 60.1 60.1 56.9 53.8 49.2 63.0 76.8 55.5 53.8 57.5 59.0 74.3 .863181 1972 67.5 67.5 63.1 60.4 55.5 70.3 83.4 61.3 59.1 58.5 65.8 78.1 .910607 1973 82.7 82.7 79.5 76.5 77.1 88.5 84.9 71.2 75.9 69.7 80.7 94.3 1.032152 1974 99.6 99.6 93.2 89.2 95.1 94.6  111.3 93.4 106.5 99.3 99.4 102.4 .933985 1977 95.8 95.8 1D4.7 111.3 104.3 99.5 117.7 99.9 105.5 96.2 98.8 101.9 .847006 1978 100.1 100.1 116.4 124.3 114.5 141.8 127.3 llO.O 116.5 105.5 111.1 126.8 .874141 1979 108.7 103.7 123.8 132.7 122.8 167.2 140.2 117.7 125.5 119.0 119.3 143.4 .853631 1930 126.0 126.0 143.4 153.2 144.3 223.4 158.8 135.8 147.4 141.0 140.5 182.4 .874141 1931 147.2 147.2 153.1 172.4 160.3 253.1 182.8 TT2.2 163.7 149.7 160.8 206.3 .878160 1982 150.7 150.7 155.2 172.4 152.9 288.4 163.4 135.8 145.6 141.0 161.4 223.5 .777212 1983 146.5 146.5 153.7 167.2 142.7 268.7 162.7 142.8 145.3 137.2 159.6 208.2 .724170 Table 11. — Mining cost indexes for Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) Local currency index Year Mining CtrEtrvc- Bgiipient ard Bits ard re- Timber ard FUel F>plo- Tires ard Crrstzucticn Chemicals TcanEcor- Electric Bchanga wrp tioi wane umir carts lated steel lumber sivres nrber lintel ials taticn truer rate 1970 66.0 66.0 62.6 59.7 44.0 54.7 66.9 60.4 50.8 61.5 69.2 70.0 277.710 1971 66.0 66.0 66.0 62.8 45.5 54.9 70.4 67.3 54.3 63.5 68.3 80.0 277.130 1972 66.0 66.0 69.1 64.3 48.8 54.2 72.7 72.8 54.8 65.7 67.7 70.0 252.210 1973 72.3 72.3 72.3 72.4 109.7 47.6 73.1 76.4 55.8 70.2 71.1 78.7 222.700 1974 72.3 72.3 86.2 96.9 106.8 79.7  113.1 110.2 129.0 101.5 104.6 110.8 103.9 238.980 1977 153.2 153.2 121.3 112.0 143.8 135.3 116.6 120.6 105. 109.7 117.2 245.670 1978 153.2 153.2 135.6 122.2 153.9 141.2 124.4 131.4 113.7 114.3 125.7 225.640 1979 191.5 191.5 153.0 136.1 165.8 159.1 140.0 154.1 134.3 131.9 131.4 138.6 212.720 1900 191.5 191.5 173.1 144.4 195.9 217.2 160.0 180.9 162.9 157.2 137.8 180.3 211.300 1931 191.5 191.5 196.8 146.8 213.1  index Year Mining Cumberland Erie Tranquility  64.5 64.5 76.8 86.4 95.2 71.0  220.3 162.3 183.5 165.2 159.5 139.7 182.9 1.014292 1981 151.0 151.0 155.2 115.8 168.1 272.9 141.2 161.4 152.7 141.6 116.0 215.0 .783724 1962 153.2 158.2 145.1 118.9 138.9 241.2 126.4 148.5 141.3 131.8 109.9 188.9 .652181 1983 136.6 136.6 135.9 112.3 118.9 217.0 118.2 139.7 129.5 124.4 97.9 169.4 .563244 Table 12. lirtber si\res niter materials ration power ratio 1970 124.2 120.6 55.4 75.7 63.3 96.1 51.9 54.5 54.5 53.1 114.5 69.1 1.355312 1971 121.3 119.7 58.0 74.0 54.5 95.9 54.7 55.5 59.2 51.7 114.5 69.0 1.338726 1972 102.9 90.6 61.5 74.5 56.1 84.8 61.8 61.3 65.1 52.4 98.7 61.6 1.183351 1973 124.4 124.2 67.3 103.7 60.7 93.7 70.3 71.2 77.0 58.2 110.7 73.0 1.315263 1974 138.4 130.5 80.9 162.6 95.4 132.9  98.8 93.4 HE. 4 117.5 99.6 141.9 .953323 1977 105.2 110.7 123.4 90.6 162.8 90.4 101.7 99.9 115.3 125.4 99.4 140.1 .904428 1978 129.3 106.6 140.8 117.6 161.4 94.0 118.1 110.0 135.1 141.9 106.1 143.0 .940131 1979 158.9 111.0 153.3 136.2 168.6 97.0 141.0 117.7 153.1 152.6 127.7 135.0 .970380 1980 147.1 111.7 162.8 148.5 194.6 97.7 162.3 135.9 165.6 164.9 134.0 145.5 .976547 1981 136.0 118.5 175.7 150.2 194.6 88.3 141.2 152.2 152.4 178.5 128.8 182.9 .883141 1982 1U.6 113.4 178.7 129.7 IflO.l 86.8 126.4 135.8 142.4 191.9 126.5 173.0 .826693 1983 102.4 113.6 179.5 110.6 163.1 90.0 118.1 142.8 132.2 209.5 131.3 175.1 .809278 Table 13. Mining Costs Index for Cameroon Local Currencies Index Year Mining Costs Index Etiology and Uses and Repairs and Tinter and Iron parts late of steel linter Explo- Serves Tires and Ostracities Electric power Exchange 1970 53.4 59.5 62.6 59.7 44.4 34.2 66.9 60.4 85.4 54.5 81.6 39.9 277.710 1971 54.9 62.0 66.0 62.8 45.5 41.2 70.4 67.3 87.3 57.1 80.0 43.7 277.130 1972 57.1 64.5 69.1 64.3 48.8 49.1 72.7 72.8 88.7 59.9 80.0 51.6 252.210 1973 63.5 67.0 72.3  149.9 173.1 144.4 195.9 231.0 160.0 180.9 135.2 157.2 183.4 199.8 211.300 19B1 135.2 174.4 196.8 146.8 213.1 319.7 179.0 204.7 147.1 203.4 211.5 228.1 271.730 19R2 150.5 199.0 222.5 182.3 213.0 368.8 193.9 227.7 156.8 232.0 226.4 264.2 328.620 1963 169.5 219.7 241.4 199.4 211.1 384.4 209.9 248.1 162.4 255.6 231.1 295.0 380.510 U.S. currency index Mining Construction Equipment and Bits and other parts listed steel materials Fuel 1970 41.2 45.9 1971 42.4 47.9 1972 48.5 54.8 1973 61.1 64.5 1974 61.9 61.9 1975 100.0 100.0 1976 89.7 89.7 1977 94.2 94.2 1978 102.6 134.6 1979 122.2 145.8 1960 127.7 152.0 1981 106.7 137.5 1982 96.1 129.7 1963 95.5 123.7 Empire-Tiresard Construction Companies Transport-Electric Exchange 48.3 51.0 58.7 69.6 76.8 100.0 101.3 125.8 154.1 175.6 155.2 145.1 135.9 46.1 34.3 26.4 51.6 46.6 65.9 42.1 63.0 30.8 0.771740 48.6 35.1 31.9 54.4 52.0 67.5 44.2 61.8 33.8 .773355 54.6 41.5 41.7 61.8 61.9 75.4 50.9 63.0 43.8 .849768 -69.7 105.5 49.5 70.3 73.6 86.2 63.0 78.0 60.0 .962370 86.4 95.2  1.007521 146.4 196.7 234.3 162.3 183.5 137.1 159.5 186.1 202.7 1.014292 115.8 168.1 252.2 141.2 161.4 116.0 160.4 166.8 179.9 .788724 138.9 138.9 240.5 126.4 148.5 102.2 15L.3 147.6 172.3 .652181 112.3 118.9 216.5 118.2 139.7 91.4 143.9 130.2 166.1 .563244 Table 14. 