Portraits of illustrious personages of Great Britain : engraved from authentic pictures in the galleries of the nobility and the public collections of the country : with biographical and historical memoirs of their lives and actions
Lodge, Edmund, 1756-1839 | Dean, T.A., engraver | Wright, Thomas, engraver | Picart, Charles, ca.1780-ca.1837, engraver | Scriven, Edward, 1775-1841, engraver | Freeman, Samuel, 1773-1857, engraver | Robinson, H., engraver | Cooper, Robert, fl. 1800-1836, engraver | Holl, William, 1771-1838, engraver | Thomson, James, 1789-1850, engraver | Fry, William Thomas, 1789-1845, engraver | Cochran, John, engraver | Rydall, Henry Thomas, 1811-1867, engraver | Purple Heather, engraver | Blood, T., fl. 1809-1823, engraver | Jenkins, J., engraver | Kellaway, G., engraver | Parker, J., engraver | Agar, John Samuel, approximately 1770-approximately 1835, engraver | Cook, Henry R., fl. 1800-1845, engraver | Parker, G., engraver | Pofselwhite, J., engraver | Mote, William Henry, fl. 1830-1864, engraver | Cochran, J., engraver | Lightfoot, Peter, 1805-1885, engraver | Holbein, Hans, 1497-1543, ill | Titian, approximately 1488-1576, ill | Gerard, Mark, ill | Flick, Auguste Emile, ill | Moore, Antonio, Sir, ill | Ketel, Cornelis, 1548-1616, ill | Zuccheri, Federico, 1540-1609, ill | Hilliard, Nicholas, 1547?-1619, ill | Pantoja de la Cruz, Juan, 1551-1608, ill | Jansen, ill | Mytens, Daniel, 1590-1648, ill | Van Somer, ill | Miereveld, Michiel Jansz van, ill | Van Dyke, Anthony, Sir, 1599-1641, ill | Rubens, Peter Paul, 1577-1640, ill | Walker, ill | Honthorst, Gerrit van, 1590-1656, ill | Lely, Peter, 1618-1680, ill | Oliver, P., ill | Knapton, ill | Van Loo, ill | Jarvis, Charles, 1675?-1739, ill | Ramsay, ill | Hoare, Richard Colt, Sir, 1758-1838, ill | Reynolds, Joshua, Sir, 1723-1792, ill | Cotes, Francis,1726-1770, ill | Dance, George, 1741-1825, ill | Rosalba, 1675-1757, ill | Gainsborough, Thomas, 1727-1788, ill | Hoppner, John, 1758-1810, ill | Copley, John Singleton, ca. 1738-1815, ill | Opie, John, 1761-1807, ill | Rivers, J. A. (John Abbot), ill | Chalon, Alfred Edward, 1780-1860, ill | Knight, ill
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I S’ Hi • «jk 1 . *5^ -•: . ■.■•TOP Y’l •■* ••'..■ .f ^ Tj|i ■:. :r »iPt y/^4 ,r' nu ■ .'-.v'li -j. ■ i. JRh >. <3 -?s :.)'/'4 R>5 j^K#U»WriTi.ia’'Mii^ ■ f- ^ ,i- .;; . : ^ ^'^^•^'■. A ■«*!£- -■ '•f^, n . , ' ~"'ir' 1^ ii I _"* , ' 'V ; ■ A' k*^ • Ti •• X f. ■.,-’}«j^' li^war MSi:n,H>,-^;;^ r^V '.V' •' . H >' ^ ,. w 1 ^^j-,:,'® \ • ,;^.. 'i.V' CONTENTS OF VOLUME VII. 1. WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON, Mytens. From the Collection of His Grace the Duke of Hamilton, at Hamilton Palace. 2. JAMES STANLEY, EARL OF DERBY, - Vandyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Derby, at Knowsley. 3. FRANCIS LORD COTTINGTON, - - Van Someb. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon, at the Grove. 4. RALPH, LORD HOPTON, - - - Vandyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Egremont, at Petworth. 5. EDWARD SACKVILLE, FOURTH EARL OF DORSET, V ANDYKE. From the Collection of his Grace the Duke of Dorset, at Knole. 6. JOHN SELDEN, . . _ _ Mytens. From the Bodleian Collection, Oxford. 7. JAMES STUART, DUKE OF RICHMOND, Vandyke. From the Collection of Sir John Shelley Sydney, Bart,, at Penshurst. 8. ROBERT RICH, EARL OF WARWICK, - Vandyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Hard- wicke, at Wimpole. 9. OLIVER CROMWELL, - - - Walkeb. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl Spencer, at Althorp. 10. DOROTHY PERCY, COUNTESS OF LEICESTER, Vandyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Egremont, at Petworth. 1651 1651 1652 1652 1652 1654 1655 1658 1658 1659 CONTENTS. 11. WILLIAM SEYMOUR, MARQUIS OF HERTFORD, Vandyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Claren- don,- at the Grove. 12. LUCY PERCY, COUNTESS OF CARLISLE, Vandyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Egremont, at Petioorth. 13. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, MARQUIS OF ARGYLL, - From the Collection of His Grace the Duke of Argyll, at Inverary Castle. 14. ELIZABETH, QUEEN OF BOHEMIA, DAUGHTER OF KING JAMES THE FIRST, - - Honthorst. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Craven, at Combe Abbey. 15. CHARLOTTE DE LA TREMOUILLE, COUNTESS OF DERBY, - - _ . - Vai^dyke. From the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Derby, at Knotvsley. 16. SIR KENELM DIGBY, - - - Vandyke. From the Original in the Bodleian Gallery, Oxford. 17. MONTAGUE BERTIE, EARL OF LINDSEY, Vandyke. From the Collection of the Righ t Honourable Baroness Willoughby of Eresby, at Grimsthorpe Castle. 18. EDWARD SOMERSET, SECOND MARQUIS OF WORCESTER, . . _ - Vandyke. From the Collection of His Grace the Duke of Bearifort, at Badminton. 19. THOMAS WRIOTHESLEY, EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON, Lely. From the Collection of His Grace the Duke of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey. 20. ALGERNON PERCY, EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, V andyke. I'rom the Collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of Essex, at Cashiobury. 1660 1660 1661 1662 1663 1665 1666 1667 667 166 i«i! y."«,iij |- » fUVf f -Wf^-pr 'jjif.i^AHi “C- ■<'• '^V' ' .■<■■ r-' A S9^' ' ' '^■■ ^ •' ■' ' '^ / ‘ ' ' ' ' -'■.•> ^ 'V i: V c»' .'’-IV •'. ''■ ''^' .,' L#»4 < .Vifl . ?fiv ' ■' -V ^ :5t! fV I. ■ ■ ‘ S>A B‘. ■wqyiS? '■ ^ ' ' ‘ -H ' A' '^4, V V‘ ij, ■• . ’ • .' S<W' (■ 'y ■' SMfe- '*1'’'^^^®* f^ii 3*5* »*>* ,'1 -I k*A* • .^-.ti^i' ,t f ft. L' • • 'i'-,. ,' ft.- A •W ■KSW < J. '•-Il'j ij -, •■■: ■_; .« :<F.f^'' ^ • ■ ■ Pvp.#:V ' . y: k <r il f- > ■ £ni^T.ivccl “bv K RoLmson. WllAAAM. IH'K'K OF ]IAMlLTON. •n-Ili UH[I.V[KAI. OK MYI'ENS, IN THE fOl.LE C'T I( iN Ol- HIS (iUAi'i-:. 'nil': dtivI''. oi’ ham n. i’ on. .'iihi’l'hfd /)cr’ i a .■ / ■ . '' WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF IIA]\IILTON, Was the second of the two sons of James, second Marquis of Hamilton, by Anne, daughter of James Conyngham, seventh Earl of Glencairn, and was brother to James, the first Duke, a sketch of whose life may be found in this wmrk. He was born on the fourteenth of December, 1616, ten 3'ears after that nobleman, and, having made some stay in the University of Glasgow, completed in a long residence on the Continent an education in which we are told that erudition was less considered than that observation of men, and manners, and systems, so necessary to all whose views are directed to the higher orders of public employment. It is evident that he was so designed by his family, and his success could have been scarcely doubtful, for he was of the royal blood ; and, while he was yet a child, his brother had gained the entire affection of Charles the First ; in the mean time he was distin- guished by the most promising talents. He returned from his travels in his twenty-first year, and with such confidence of immediate promotion, that on being shortly after refused the appointment of Master of the Horse to the Queen, because it had been promised to another, he prepared, with all the anger of a man who had been really ill used, to retire to France, and was dissuaded solely by an unsolicited promise from the King of instant preferment. Accordingly on the thirty-first of March, 1639, he was created Baron Polmont, and Macanshire, and Earl of Lanerick, (Lanark) and in the following year was appointed 1 WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON. Secretary of State for Scotland. These circumstances sufficiently prove not only the high degree of favour which he suddenly acquired, but the resolute and ardent temper which is said to have been the ruling feature in his character. It is scarcely necessary to say that he was nearly unacquainted with the affairs of that country, then peculiarly critical. To his brother therefore, a man not only well experienced in them, but of considerable ability, and so many years older than himself, he naturally looked for direction. Among the various misfortunes which at that period combined to undermine the regal power in Scotland, perhaps the most evident was Charles’s partiality to the House of Hamilton. The mother of these noblemen, a woman of powerful understanding and of masculine spirit and activity, whose father was one of the fathers of the covenant, had implanted in the mind of her heir, even from his earliest infancy, an enthu siastic attachment to the new fanaticism, and he communicated the infection to his brother. They conceived between them the utterly impracticable project of uniting to a Monarchy of high pretensions a Calvinistic church. The Duke remained stedfast in his error to the last moment of his life, but Lanerick at length retracted ; not however till he had considerably injured the royal cause, to which notwithstanding he was most loyally devoted. Thus for more than two years after his entrance into his office he was alternately occupied in beseeching the King to bend to the humiliating demands of the covenanters, and in endeavouring to dissuade them from actual rebellion, and failed in both. At length, in the spring of 1643, the Scottish Privy Council determined on calling, without the King’s necessary warrant, a Parliament, under the denomination of a Convention of the Estates. A large correspondence on this subject between Charles, the Duke of Hamilton, and Lanerick, is extant, and closes with a letter from the King to the Secretary, concluding with this clear direction — “ If, notwithstanding our refusal, and the endeavours of our well affected subjects and servants to hinder it, there shall be a convention of the Estates, then we wish that all those who are 2 WILLIAM. SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON. right affected to us should be present at it : but to do nothing there but only protest against their meeting and actions.” On the twenty-second of June, this convention, which in the end overthrew the royal authority in Scotland, assembled. Lanerick, at their first sitting, presented a letter from the King, excusing them for meeting without his concurrence, and limiting their deliberations to certain subjects ; and Hamilton, in a speech of studied ambiguity, instead of simply protesting, as the King had requested, obscurely threatened it. The assembly however, con- fident in its strength, and pre-determined on its course, insisted on his making an explicit declaration, when Lanerick stood up, and said for his brother, as Lord Clarendon reports, that “he hoped that noble Lord’s affections to his country were better known than that any man could imagine he would protest against the Parhament of the kingdom.” They contented themselves with making a verbal declaration that it was not in their opinion a free Convention, the King’s sanction being wanting. Those who had pledged themselves to support in it the royal cause became discouraged, and many of them retired to their respective countries ; Lanerick and Hamilton continued to sit in silence occasionally in the Convention ; and when that body, shortly after, following the example of their brethren of the English Parhament, resolved to make war on the King with an army raised by them in his name, Lanerick actually put the royal signet, which in right of his office was in his custody, to the proclamation of the general levy. The loyal nobility of Scotland were highly incensed by this conduct, and Montrose, whose devotion to the royal cause was equalled only by the courage with which he always defended it, set out privately to accuse the brothers to the King ; but they soon discovered his intention, followed him to Oxford, where Charles then was, apparently in the hope of averting the storm which threatened them ; and were immediately made prisoners. Lanerick, by the aid of a Mr. Cunningham, a gentleman of the privy chamber, presently found means to escape, and went to 3 WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON. London, and soon after into Scotland, where he again applied himself, still, however, under the influence of that temporising and suspicious policy, w'hich he had imbibed from the lessons and the example of his brother, to the King’s service. Of the conduct of a partisan so circumstanced it is natural that little should have transpired. The only fact of which we are clearly informed is that he was in 1645 actively engaged with the covenanters in endeavouring to resist the progress of Montrose’s victorious arms ; and it may be reasonably inferred that he had Charles’s secret consent to this, since that Prince almost immediately after received him again into the office of Secretary, from which he had been dismissed on his arrest at Oxford, and indeed into the fullest confidence. In the spring of the following year he was appointed, together with the Earls of Loudon and Lauderdale, by the rebel government sitting at Edinburgh under the name of the Committee of Estate, a commissioner to treat with the King, then in the hands of the Scottish army, as well as with such commis- sioners as might arrive from the English Parliament, and seemed to join heartily in the persecution which they were deputed to inflict on that unhappy Prince. Just at that period, the Duke, his brother, who had been for nearly three years in apparent disgrace, and a prisoner in the castle of Pendennis, in Cornwall, from whence he was liberated merely by the fortune of war, arrived at Newcastle, and presented himself to the King, who received him with a countenance which implied a complete oblivion of all former causes of offence. The secret understanding which undoubtedly subsisted betwen Charles and these brothers is enveloped in a cloud of mystery, towards the dispelling of which history has left us even without tolerable presumptions. The close of this year, 1646, was distinguished by the fruitless negociation at Newcastle, between the King and the Scottish Parliament. Lanerick, who was almost the sole instrument of their intercourse, exhorted Charles without intermission to submit to all the bitter conditions propounded to him, but found his magnanimity immoveable. At length the Parliament resolved to 4 WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON. put him into the hands of the English commissioners. When that detestable measure was proposed to the House, Lanerick prefaced his negative voice with these words : ‘‘ As God shall have mercy upon my soul at the great day, I would choose rather to have my head struck off at the market-cross of Edinburgh than give my consent to this vote.” Charles for the most part of his succeeding captivity found means to correspond with him, and held him to the last in unabated confidence. In December, 1647, he concluded with the King, in the Isle of Wight, in concert with Loudon and Lauderdale, still acting under the authority of the commission granted to them two years before, that remarkable secret treaty which they had lately commenced with his Majesty at Hampton Court. Charles, to whom at this period almost any change of circumstances would have been desirable, now conceded all that he had refused at Newcastle ; and the Scots, on their part, engaged to raise a powerful army for the invasion of England, and to do their utmost to re-establish his authority. The army was levied accordingly, by authority of the Parlia- ment ; placed under the command of the Duke of Hamilton ; and totally overthrown within few weeks after it left Scotland. Lanerick, who in the mean time had been exerting himself to the utmost in that country in promoting the views of those who had joined in support of the stipulations of the treaty, and who were therefore called the Lords of Engagement,” was now deprived of his office of Secretary of State, and proscribed, by the same Parliament, which had so lately authorized those measures his activity and zeal in the execution of which were the only faults alleged against him. He fled to Holland so nearly at the time when Hamilton was beheaded in London, which was on the sixth of March, 1649, that Lord Clarendon says, “ he did not know till he arrived there that he was Duke of Hamilton, by the slaughter of his elder brother.” Charles the Second, who had taken refuge in that country, and who had been deprived of his royal father by a similar stroke only five weeks before, received him with a grace 5 WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON. and kindness heightened no doubt by melaneholy sympathy. The Duke, whose entire affection, and indeed veneration, for his brother had never allowed him to reason on the dictates of one to whom in all matters he submitted with delight, or to seek for motives in his own breast, after some little time looked back with deep regret to many things that he had done, and more that he had omitted. He declared, as Lord Clarendon tells us, “ that his condition had been very hard ; for that having been always bred up in the Church of England, for which he had a great reverence, he was forced to comply with the covenant, which he perfectly detested, and looked upon it as the ruin of his nation, and would be as glad as any man to declare against it.” He added, that, “ he had been driven into rebellion by the calumnies and persecution of Montrose,” (who was indeed his brother’s bitter enemy,) “ which nothing else could have done ; and for that he always asked God forgiveness from his heart, and desired nothing more than to repair his fault by losing his life for the King.” Unhappily that expiation was near at hand. He presently acquired the young King’s esteem. The Order of the Garter, all that Charles then had to give, was conferred on him soon after his arrival. He was of the number which attended that Prince in his voyage to Scotland in June 1650 ; but was not at first permitted by the ruling party there to approach the capital, and retired therefore to the Isle of Arran, where he remained till the succeeding January, when he was again suffered to wait on the King. Cromwell was then in Scotland, at the head of the army which had lately won the battle of Dunbar, and the Duke, now first a soldier, raised a body of troops, and led them with distinguished gallantry in several enterprises. In the mean time the Scots formed an army destined to march into England under the command of the King, who appointed Hamilton his Lieutenant-General. He entered on this great seiwice with melancholy forebodings, not the result of any superstitious impres- sions, but of a just and enlarged review of all the considerations which the enterprise involved. On the march he earnestly recom- WILLIAJr, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON. mended in more than one council that the army should proceed directly to London, but his opinion was overruled by the English. They arrived at length at Worcester, and Cromwell, who had therefore left Scotland, advanced to meet them with an over- whelming force. Hamilton, who had passed the night preceding the battle in devout meditation, the fruits of which have been published by Bishop Burnet from the Duke’s original manuscript, was in the morning at his proper post, when, early in the action, seeing his own regiment retreating, he flew alone to rally it ; and, after performing prodigies of valour, received a shot which shat- tered the bone of his leg. He survived eight days, and expired on the eleventh of September, 1651, amidst the debates of surgeons, who could not agree on the question of amputation. Lord Clarendon, who has repeatedly eulogised his character, tells us, that “ he was in all respects to be preferred to his brother. A much wiser, though, it may be, a less cunning man ; for he did not affect dissimulation, which was the other’s master- piece. He had unquestionable courage. He was in truth a very accomplished person ; of an excellent judgement, and clear and ready expressions ; and, though he had been driven into some unwarrantable actions, he made it very evident he had not been led by any inclinations of his own, and passionately and heartily ran to all opportunities of redeeming it ; and in the very article of his death he expressed a marvellous cheerfulness that he had the honour to lose his life in the King’s service, and thereby to wipe out the memory of his former transgressions, which he always professed were odious to himself.” Burnet tells us that “ his youth discovered, with an extraordinary capacity, so much ingenuity that candour seemed in him not so much the effect of virtue as nature, since from a child he could never upon any temptation be made to lie.” The Bishop adds, that “ he was of a middle stature ; his complexion black, but very agreeable ; and his whole mien was noble and sprightful.” William, second Duke of Hamilton, married, in 1638, Elizabeth, eldest daughter and coheir of James Maxwell, Earl of Dirleton in Scotland, and had by her one son, James, Lord Polmont, who 7 WILLIAM, SECOND DUKE OF HAMILTON, died an infant, and five daughters ; Anne, wife of Robert Carnegy, third Earl of Southesk : Elizabeth, married first to James Conyngham, Lord Kilmaurs, eldest son of William, ninth Earl of Glencairn ; secondly to Sir David Cunningham, of Robertland ; Mary, married to Alexander Livingstone, second Earl of Callender ; secondly, to Sir James Livingstone, of Westquarter ; thirdly, to James Ogilvie, Earl of Findlater ; Margaret, to William Blair, of Blair ; and Diana, who died young. I‘ji4^-avcd ly [LKobuisou. s’lwxu'.v, K.\ii\. or DKIMiV. oil. i(i;>i. 1-1(101 Tin; .ii;ii;i.\i,\i. Ill- \ -\.\i iMii; . i.\ 'mr. -i.i.i ■ 1 1- - rm: Kioirr iio.Noi iin: i,\m oi- iii:i;r,'i JAMES STANLEY, EARL OF DERBY. The motto, “ Sans Changer,” used for so many centuries by the elder line of the noble house of Stanley, seems to have been adopted in a prophetic spirit. Invariably honourable, just, bounteous, hospitable, valiant, and magnificent ; above all, inva- riably loyal j that family may perhaps safely challenge history and tradition to show one defective link in its long chain of succession ; to point out a single stain on the purity of its public conduct, or on its uniform exercise of the mild and graceful duties of private life. Of the nobleman whose eulogium will be attempted in the following pages (for the simple story of his life will form his true eulogium) it is not too much to say, that his family, the peerage, and his country, are bound in policy, as well as by affection, to cherish his memory, even with a reverential regard. He was the first-born of the three sons of William Stanley, sixth Earl of Derby, by Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Edward Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford, and at length heir general of that most ancient house. Of his youth, and early manhood, searcely any particulars have been preserved. He has left proofs, however, that his education was worthy of his rank, and perhaps of his mind. The Court knew little of him till it had become a military Court. He was one of the many Knights of the Bath appointed at the coronation of Charles the First, when he was a very young man, bearing the title of Lord Strange, by which two years after 1 JAMES STANLEY, he was summoned to Parliament ; and these, with the exception of those provincial authorities which seemed almost naturally to belong to him, were the only public marks of favour that he ever received from that Prince ; so that his devotion to the Crown may be said to have flowed even from a finer source than gratitude. He passed his time in splendid privacy ; superintending the seve- ral princely establishments of his ancient father, in Lancashire, and in the Isle of Man, where the Earls of Derby then exercised a royal sway ; cultivating the morals and manners of a numerous population attached to him and to his ancestors by feelings which wanted but the fact of actual parentage to make them really filial ; and employing his leisure in studies not less philosophic than polite. The lamentable crisis of the grand rebellion drew him in an instant from these peaceful engagements, and he was among the first who joined the King, after the fury of the Parliament had driven his Majesty to York. He assumed the character of a soldier within very few weeks after the death of his father had invested him with the utmost extent of those views of prosperity which nothing but his engaging in the war could have frustrated. An unfortunate change of resolution in Charles’s Council not only rendered Lord Derby’s first endeavours in a great measure abortive, but had an ill effect also on many of his subsequent services. It had been determined that the royal standard should he first hoisted at Warrington, and the Earl, whose influence in that part of the island was unbounded, had been sent hack into Lancashire, immediately after his arrival at York, with directions to collect the military force of the county. He had performed that duty with surprising celerity and exactness, and had actually mustered on the three heaths of Preston, Ormskirk, and Bury, a force of sixty thousand men, and was proceeding to take the same course in Cheshire, and North Wales, where, as well as in Lanca- shire, he was Lord Lieutenant, when he suddenly received notice that the King had resolved to set up his standard at Nottingham ; and, soon after, a special letter from his Majesty, directing him to hasten to the head quarters, with such troops as he might be able 2 EARL OF DERBY. to equip completely. In tlie mean time great numbers of the Lancashire men, piqued at the disappointment, returned to their homes, resolving to stand neuter, while many others joined the rebels, and aided them considerably in seizing on the town ot Manchester. The Earl, however severely mortified, speedily raised among his friends and tenants three regiments of foot, and as many troops of horse, which he clothed and armed at his own expense, and waited on the King, who was then at Shrewsbury, to receive his orders for the disposal of them. He was commanded to return to them with the utmost speed, and to endeavour to take Manchester by a bold and sudden attack ; and having accordingly made all preparations, even to fixing the hour for the assault, he received orders the night before to join the King, without a moment’s delay, with his force, which was then most imprudently placed under the command of others, while he was desired to repair again into Lancashire, to make new efforts to raise men in a country dispirited, offended, and now in no small degree disaffected. Lord Clarendon, whose report of all these matters is given too much at large to be admitted here, seems to treat the Earl’s concern in them with less than his usual candour. Lancashire however was now nearly lost to the Crown. The Earl, with much difficulty, collected a sufficient force to take Preston ^and Lancaster by storm, and led it personally in those enterprises with the greatest bravery, and was preparing to attack IVIanchester, when this new levy was also called away to the main army, and he was once more left without the means of using offensive measures. Nothing now was left for him in his county but to fortify his mansion of Latham, in which he was busily employed when he received intelligence that the rebels bad planned an attack on the Isle of Man, and immediately sailed thither, leaving the completion of his works at Latham, and its defence, to his Countess. Of the romantic excellence of that lady’s conduct in the execution of her charge I shall say nothing more in this place, but will endeavour in another part of the work to do that justice to her memory which has been hitherto in a 3 JAMES STANLEY, great measure neglected. Latliam House, the siege of whicli commenced in February, 1G44, was defended first by the Countess in person, and afterwards by one of the officers whom slie had originally placed in it under her command, for more than two years, and was at last surrendered by a positive order from the King, having cost the enemy no less than six thousand men, and being one of the last fortified places in the kingdom that had held out for his Majesty. The Earl, who had returned from Mari during the siege, found Prince Rupert unsuccessfully besieging the town of Bolton, which was in the midst of his own territory, and which, with the aid of some companies of his old provincial soldiers, who at his request were placed under his command for that peculiar service, he carried by a furious assault in the space of half an hour, and was the first man who entered it. He now returned to the Isle of Man, together with his Countess, leaving his children in England, who were soon after basely seized and imprisoned, by an Ol der of the House of Commons. will keep it, to the utmost of my power, to your destruction. Take this final answer, and forbear any further solicitations ; for, if you trouble me with any more messages upon this occasion, 1 will burn the paper, and hang the bearer. This is the immutable resolution, and shall be the undoubted practice, of him who accounts it the chiefest glory to be His Majesties most loyal and obedient Servant, Derby.” Castle Town, \2th July, 1649. He remained in the Isle of Man till the year 1651, when the young King, having resolved to leave Scotland, at the head of an army unhappily commanded rather by Presbyterian ministers than by its generals, despatched an order to the Earl to meet him in Lancashire, which he instantly obeyed, and received there the King’s command to endeavour once more to raise troops in that county. Charles, who was then repairing by forced marches to Shrewsbury, left with him a body of about two hundred horse, consisting mostly of officers and gentlemen, to enable him, should he prove unsuccessful in his levy, to follow the army with a better chance of security. Having employed trusty persons to publish the news of his arrival, and to give notice of his views, he took up his quarters, within two or three days after he had left the King, in the town of Wigan, to await the appearance of his friends ; where, on the very next morning, he was attacked by a large body of militia, and regular troops, which Cromwell had unexpectedly detached, under the command of Lilburn, to harass the rear of the King’s army on its march, and to pick up such stragglers as might not keep pace with it. The most heroic, but at length ineffectual, resistance was made for two hours by the Earl, and his small band, against a force of three thousand horse and foot. It is recorded that he received in this sanguinary skirmish, seven shot on his breast-plate, thirteen cuts on his beaver, and five or six wounds on his arms and shoulders, and that he had two horses killed under him. He found means 5 JAMES STANLEY, however to escape, almost alone, through Shropshire and Stafford- shire, to the King, at Worcester, reserved for a harder fate. In the evening of the third of September, the day on which the fatal battle was fought close to that city, his wounds yet bleeding, for only eight days had passed since his fierce encounter at Wigan, he secretly and safely conducted Charles, by St. Martin’s gate in Worcester, from the horrors and dangers which surrounded him ; directed his Majesty to the since celebrated retreats of White- ladies, and Boscobel, in each of which himself had been within a few days before sheltered ; and took leave of the King for ever. He now travelled, with as much speed as his condition would allow, towards his own country ; but had scarcely arrived within Cheshire when he was attacked by a party commanded by a rebel Major of the name of Edge, to whom he surrendered, under a promise of quarter. The Parliament, however, sent down to Chester a commission to nineteen persons of its military in that part of the country, all of whom were notoriously his personal enemies, to form themselves into what was called a High Court of Justice, and “ to try the Earl of Derby for his treason and rebellion.” He was of course condemned to die ; and these mock judges indulged themselves in the vulgar barbarity of sending him to suffer their sentence in his own town of Bolton, where he had last appeared as a conqueror, and of subjecting him on his way thither, and indeed to the moment of his death, to brutal insult. A minute narrative of the circumstances of his final hours was penned, with touching simplicity, by a Mr. Bagaley, one of his gentlemen, who was allowed to attend him to the last, and the manuscript has been carefully preserved in the family. A transcript of the most part of it may be found in Collins’s Peerage. It displays one of the purest examples extant of the courage of a soldier, the patience of a philosopher, and the piety of a Christian. He meant to have addressed himself at some length to the people, but was interrupted. In the part which he uttered are these passages; — “As for my crime, as some are pleased to call it, to come into this country with the King, I hope it deserves a better EAUL OF DERBY. name, for I did it in obedience to his call whom I hold myself obliged to obey, according to the protestation I took in Parlia- ment in his father’s time. I confess I love monarchy, and I love my master, Charles, the second of that name, w'hom I myself proclaimed in this country to be King. The Lord bless and preserve him ; and I wish so much happiness to this people after my death that he may enjoy his right, and then they cannot want their rights. I profess here, in the presence of God, I always sought for peace, and I had no other reason, for I wanted neither means nor honours, nor did I seek to enlarge either. By the King’s predecessors mine were raised to a high condition, it is well known to the country ; and it is as well known that by his enemies I am condemned to suffer, by new and unknown law's. The Lord send us our King again, and our old laws again, and the Lord send us our religion again. Truly to me it seems I die for God, the King, and the Laws ; and this makes me not to he ashamed of my life, nor afraid of my death.” At these words one of the persons by whom he w'as guarded on the scaffold, misunder- standing him, ignorantly cried, “We have no King, and we will have no Lords,” and he was not permitted to say more ; Bagaley’s narrative, however, gives the remainder of his intended speech, from the notes which the Earl at that moment handed to him. He was beheaded on Wednesday, the fifteenth of October, 1651 ; and England has not produced a parallel character since loyalty ceased to be an unmixed sentiment. “ The Earl of Derby,” says Lord Clarendon, who, by the way, seems never to have felt cordially towards him, “ was a man of unquestionable loyalty to the King, and gave clear testimony of it, before he received any obligations from the Court, and when he thought himself disobliged by it. The King in his first year sent him the order of the Garter, which, in many respects, he had expected from the last ; and the sense of that honour made him so readily comply with the King’s command in attending him, when he had no confidence in the undertaking, nor any inclination to the Scots, who he thought had too much guilt upon them in 7 JAMES STANLEY, EARL OF DERBY. having depressed the Crown, to be made instruments in repairing and restoring it. He was a man of great honour, and clear courage, and all his defects and misfortunes arose from his having lived so little a time among his equals, that he knew not how to treat his inferiors, which was the source of all the ill that befell him ; having thereby drawn such prejudice against him from persons of inferior quality, who yet thought themselves too good to be contemned, that they pursued him to death.” He married Charlotte, daughter to Claude de la Tremouille, Duke of Thouars, and Peer of France, by whom he had Charles, his successor, and two younger sons, Edward and William, who died infants ; and four daughters ; Charlotte, who died young ; Henrietta Maria, who was married to William Wentworth, second Earl of Strafford ; Catherine, to Henry Pierrepont, Marquis of Dorchester ; and Amelia Sophia, to John Murray, Marquis of Athol. It remains only to be added to this sketch that the Earl had very considerable talents ; was inclined to literary composi- tion, and was among the best prose writers of his time. In the Desiderata Curiosa may be found “ The History of the Isle of Man, by James, Earl of Derby, and Lord of Man, interspersed with . large and excellent Advices to his Son and one of the Sloane MSS. in the British Museum, is a sort of historical common-place book, written by his hand. It contains chiefly extracts from the popular libel called “Leicester’s Common-wealth;” from the History of the Council of Trent ; and from Fuller’s Holy War. On the first page he has written “ Ne turba operas meas — J. Derby, 1645 and on the last, “ Finis, Ja. 13, l645, at Castle Rushin, in the Isle of Man — J. Derby.” a l'RAX('IS, LORD ('OTTIXCVroX. oii i(i:,v I'ltnM ■I'lii'. tJkhilX.M, OF SOMi;|{ , I\ TIN*. coi.FFrrroX OF Tiir. H’‘‘ TIM’. or n..\ui \i)o.\ /W'/-. A../ A,-'’ / FRANCIS, LORD COTTINGTON. Lord Clarendon informs us, and has of course been followed by those who may have since written of Lord Cottington’s origin, that “ he was born a gentleman, both by father and mother, his father having a pretty entire seat near Bruton, in Somersetshire, worth about two hundred pounds a year, which had descended from father to son for many hundred years, and his mother being a Stafford, nearly allied to Sir Edward Stafford, who was Vice- Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth, and had been Ambassador in France.” This statement is in part incorrect. It is true that his father, Philip Cottington, of Godmanston, in Somersetshire, to whom he was fourth son, was such a person as the noble historian describes, but his mother was Jane, daughter of Thomas By fleet, of Bratton in the same county, a gentleman of ancient family there, nor can I find any trace of her connection with the once great House of Stafford. 