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‘ mn «a cE a -@C Ci = 2 «, Exc & em “aan, Cae SS cA SS. .< a Le Ca3 — 4 < ce € cs Oe i t \\\ hs * “ts AN ein A Vi AA INIA A ¢ & s A \ ow At A : : ‘3 ANG : \ | rani oA Ps © ¢ @ We] ‘ ST a Py ‘ ‘aa h] y ! i \ 1¢ vat +o” +3". 8 DA ae f L C : eee Bronson Fur. Sod. A pire (4-87 ates eae RECEIVED BY PURCHASE Pris) Ot) 8 ve ~ ~~ ye: iS aa < ne eee 'o v \- Pp Sy THE ZOOLOGIST: A MONTHLY JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. FOURTH SERIES.—VOL. I. EDITED BY W. L. DISTANT Bs N LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN, & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. | SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO., Lro. Sor PRINTERS &# | ® PUBLISHERS 9 § PREFACE. — Ir is an old remark that every book has many authors; it is one that is exceedingly applicable to ‘The Zoologist,’ and we congratulate our contributors on the volume they have produced for 1897. Our pages in the record of observations may be said to exhibit the essence of co-operation, for our contributors do not only write about animals, but absolutely seem to live and work with them. ‘This is the aim and ideal of ‘The Zoologist.’ We do not propose to merely interpret, but really to reveal the secrets and the polity of the animal life that is around us. The present volume contains much of great interest in British Ornithology. We have recorded the undoubted occur- rence of Hypolais polyglotta in Sussex; articles have appeared on the capture of Pallas’s Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus pro- regulus, in Norfolk towards the end of last year, while from Cambridgeshire was announced the acquisition of an Albatross, Diomedea melanophrys, and a recent communication shows that little doubt can be entertained that a specimen of the Medi- terranean Herring Gull, Larus cachinnans, was shot in Norfolk in 1886. Ornithology has again held the place in our Magazine which it has so long done, and ‘The Zoologist’ appears to be still considered the recognised and suitable vehicle for avian observations. The Order Pisces has received increased attention, and in British Zoology the very fact of our sea-girt realm should give iv PREFACE. to the study of Fishes a peculiar significance and interest. | We trust this study may extend to other marine animals, and | that sea-shore naturalists may seek more publicity. There are still many neglected orders of British Animals which we hope to see receiving more attention in our pages. Earthworms have come to the front in the present volume, and there is a probability of Crustacea affording some material during the ensuing year. The Insecta have their own special Magazines, with which we have no desire to compete, but the natural history of insects cannot, and will not, be considered as a foreign subject to the aim and scope of ‘ The Zoologist.’ The annals of Karly Man in Britain have been commenced, and will be continued, while we confidently believe that the subject will increase in interest and detail. We must also refer to the valuable contributions we have received to the Zoology of South Africa, Australia, the West Indies, and British India, and our expectations are that the ‘Foreign Intelligence” will suffer no diminution in the future. In conclusion, the Editor, in acknowledging his obligations to the contributors, very heartily offers both them and the readers all the compliments of the season, with the best zoological wishes for the new year. CONTENTS. > ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. ALDERSON, H. Wonderful egg-producing powers of the Wryneck, 511 Apuin, O. V., F.L.S., M.B.0O.U. The autumn song of birds, 410; Nesting of the Great Northern and Black-throated Divers in Shetland, 425; Stridulation of Cicadide and Orthoptera, 432 BankEs, A. Egg-producing powers of the com- mon Redshank, 575 BaRRINGTON, R. M., LL.D., F.L.S. Mealy Redpoll off coast of Kerry, 513; Supposed occurrence of a Great Spotted Cuckoo in Co. Kerry, 574 BARTLETT, EDWARD Obituary notice of Abraham Dee Bartlett, 267 Bay.is, E. Honey Buzzard in Staffordshire, 232 Bean, TARLETON H., M.D. A gigantic Lobster, 276 Birp, Rev. M. C. H., M.A. Ornithological folk-lore, 144 Bonuore, J. LEwIs Breeding of Corncrakes in con- finement, 35 BraBrook, E. W., C.B., F.S.A. Man in Zoology, 13 BRADSHAW, GEORGE W. Rare birds at Hastings, 86; Swallow-tailed Kite in Suffolk, 363; Common Roller in Sussex, 469 Brown, J. A. Harvir, F.R.S.E. The migration of birds, 505 Burr, Matcoum, F.Z.S8. The stridulation of Orthoptera, 516 Butter, A. G., Ph.D., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Flight of the Swift, 86; Foreign Finches in confinement, 251; Inherited instinct in birds, 275 ; Change of Plumage in the American Nonpareil Finch, 335 ; Inherited habit in birds, 367 Butter, Lieut.-Col. E. A. Honey Buzzard in Suffolk, 425 BUTTERFIELD, W. C. J. RUSKIN The Serotine near Hastings, 141; Bank Vole in Jersey, 141; Swallow-tailed Kite in Suffolk, 270; Occurrence of the Black- headed Bunting in Sussex, 273; ‘‘The seasonal changes in the Common Squirrel,” 424; Hy- polais polyglotta in Sussex, 513 Buttress, BERNARD A. E. A list of birds observed in Shet- land, May and June, 1897, 360; Black-throated Diver breeding in Shetland, 364; Curlew laying five eggs, 364; Nesting of the Great Northern and_ Black- throated Divers in Shetland, 509 CALVERT, R. U. Spotted Flycatcher’s nest con- structed in nest of Hawfinch, 426; Proximity of Magpie’s and Wood Pigeon’s nests, 427; Sparrowhawk nesting in Thorn- tree, 508; Nesting of the Great Plover, 511; Do Cuckoos suck eggs? 513 CHAPMAN, FRANK M. Mammals of Trinidad, 424 CLARKE, W. J. Little Auks and Little Gulls at Searborough, 166; Red-legged Partridge migrating, 166; Notes from Scarborough, 578 CLARKE, W. G. Stone Curlews as observed around Thetford, 248; Curious nests and nesting sites observed near Thetford, 449; The inland breed- b ing of the Ringed Plover in Norfolk and Suffolk, 502 Copury, F. Chocolate-coloured variety of Per- dix cinerea, corrections, 36; eee Partridge migrating, Cocks, A. Heneace, M.A., F.Z.S. Pine Marten in Ireland, 269 ConGREVE, F. L. -Noddy Tern in Cheshire, 510 CoomBE, Percy E. Common Seal in the River Arun, Sussex, 571 Corsin, G. B. White eggs of Hedgesparrow, 427; Crossbills near Bournemouth, | 428; Smooth Snake (Coronella | levis) in the New Forest, 431 CoRDEAUX, JOHN, F.R.G.S., M.B.0.U. Notes from Norway, 22; Migra- tion et the Spurn lighthouse in 1896, 245; Nesting of the Grey | Wagtail in Lincolnshire, 274, 336; Nightingale near Scar- borough, 332 Cowarp, T. A. Lesser Shrew in Cheshire, 281; Habitat of Ametrida minor, 326; Lesser Shrew in Anglesea, 326 Dau, Knut Biological notes on North Austra- lian Mammalia, 189 Da.uas, C. Dermestes lardarius eating speci- mens of moths,—non-poisonous preservatives, 433 DAVENPORT, H. 8. Honey Buzzard in Staffordshire, 328; Nesting of the Grey Wag- tail in Leicestershire, 336; Habits of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 470; Popular orni- thological fallacies, 473 Davison, RoBERT ROBINSON Yellow Wagtail in Argyllshire, 167 Distant, W. L. Editorial Address, 1; Notes on the Chacma Baboon, 29 ; Early Man in Britain, 33; Abundance of Sharks in tropical seas, 36; Breeding of the South African Galago in confinement, 83; A proposed explanation as to the appearance of light- and dark- coloured butterflies during the day, 88; Zoological rambles in and around the Transvaal, 157 ; CONTENTS. Carnivora which attack Toads and Frogs, 839; The Scutellated Star-fish, 840; Strange occur- rence at Durban, 369; Spider versus Wasp, 476; Stridulation and habits of Cicadide, 520 Dixon, CHARLES The alleged summer appearance of the Shore Lark in Devonshire, 471 | DosiE, W. HENRY Landrail in Chester in December, "86 Dresser, H. E., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Recent additions to the British Avifauna, 5; Heinrich Gitke, 139; Osprey in Dorset, 508 EvuioTtT, J. STEELE Long-eared Bats and their food, 231; Honey Buzzard in Staf- fordshire, 271; Daubenton’s Bat | in Bedfordshire, 326; Black Rat in Bedfordshire, 328; Black Terns in Warwickshire, 330; White Wagtails in Warwickshire, 337 Evans, H. W. Apparent summer appearance of the Shore Lark in Devonshire, 365, 574 Farman, Last C. Amongst the birds in Norfolk, 168; Twenty years on the Norfolk fens, 351, 428 Farn, A. B. Capture of a Common Bittern at Darenth Wood, near Dartford, 86 FEILDEN, Col. H. W., C.M.Z.S8. Food of the Knot, 232 Fircu, Epwarp A., F.L.S. Long-eared Owl breeding in Essex, 232; Large Tunny on the Essex coast, 579 Fiemyna, Rev. Wituiam W., M.A. Marten in Co. Waterford, 141; Green Sandpiper in Co. Water- ford, 143; Pine Marten in Co. Waterford, 327; Nest of the Reed Bunting, 336 Fox, W. Storrs The Question of ornithological fal- lacies, 514 FRIEND, Rev. HILDERIC The dorsal pores of EKarthworms, 149; Earthworm studies, 258, 304, 453; A new British Worm, 349 CONTENTS. Frouawk, F. W., M.B.O.U. Lesser Grey Shrike (Lanius minor) in Kent, 427 GODFREY, RoBEeRT Wil'ow Wren singing in autumn, 513; Hours at which some birds sing, 576 GRABHAM, Ox ey, M.A. Vultures and the Tower of Silence, 143; Birds feeding on the larve of the Magpie-moth, 236 ; Black- bird stealing eggs, 380; Frog attacked by Weasel, and Toad by Hedgehog, 369; Taxidermy —de omnibus rebus, 412; Eggs of the Roseate Tern, 510; Der- mestes lardarius eating specimens of moths, 521; Trapping Shrews and Voles, 571; Egg-producing powers of the Dipper, 575 Gurney, J. H., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Ornithological record for Norfolk for 1896, 121; Cuckoos sucking eggs, 568 GYNGELL, W. Common Swift roosting in tree, 468 Haieu, G. H. Caton Grey Seal in Carnarvonshire, 141; Common Rorqual on Lincoln- shire coast, 142; Alpine Pipit in Carnarvonshire, 366 Hammonp, W. OxENDEN Alleged nesting of Montagu’s Har- rier in Kent, 363; Note on flight of Green Sandpiper, 573 Hartine, J. E., F.L.S., F.Z.S. Dogs of draught in Belgium, 33 HEADLEY, ALEC GOLDNEY Distribution of worm-eating Slugs, 89 HorRSsBRUGH, CHARLES BETHUNE Hedgesparrow appropriating a Thrush’s nest, 427; ‘Kentish Crow,” 428; Local name of the Sheldrake, 508; Popular fallacy concerning the Cuckoo, 512 KELSALL, Rev. J. E. Aquatic Warbler in Hampshire, 471; Smooth Snake in the New Forest, 475 KERMoDE, P. M. C. Large Holibut at Isle of Man, 235; The Porbeagle in Manx waters, 579 LANGDALE, Rev. H. MARMADUKE, Hawfinches in West Sussex, 365; Quails in Sussex, 366; Strange vil pairing of Butterflies, 521 ; Heron choked by a Frog, 572 Lewis, A. L., F.C.A. Neolithic life in Devon and Corn- wall, 49; Peculiar nesting habit of the House Sparrow, 273 LEwis, STANLEY Black-winged Stilt in Somerset, 511 Lussock, Sir Joun, Bart., M.P., F.R.S. On the preservation of our indi- genous fauna and flora, 264 McLacuHtan, R., F.R.S. A second brood of Starlings, 3384 MacpHerson, Rev. H. A., M.A. Eared Grebe in Cumberland, 83; The Germon in British waters, 580 MARSHALL, Guy A. K., F.E.S. Stridulation of Cicadide in Ma- shunuland, 517 Martin, Basin W. Birds seen in the Yukon District of Canada, 430 Mason, Puiuip B., Dr., F.L.S. Strange discovery of a Tit’s nest, 167 MATHEW, Rev. Murray A., M.A. Icterine Warbler at Lyme Regis, 332; Garden lists of birds, 417 MEIKLEJOHN, A. H. Toad attacked by a Weasel, 339 ; Summer appearance of Wild Geese in Fifeshire, 363 Mor.eEy, JOHN Golden Eagle in Ross-shire, 425 Morig, Dr. Jamzs, F.L.S., F.Z.S. Our Economic Sea-fishes, 389 NEWSTEAD, KH., F.E.S. On the position of the Lesser Horse-shoe Bat (Rhinolphus hip- posideros, Bechst.) during hiber- nation, 537 NiIcHoLson, F. G. Egg of South African Golden Cuckoo in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142 NorGATE, FRANK Human bones at Bromehill, 164 Nunn, H. Occurrence of a rare Plover (Cha- radrius dominicus) on the River Thames, 330 OLDHAM, CHARLES Daubenton’s Bat on the Derby- shire and Staffordshire border, 326; Bank Vole in Denbighshire, 328 ; Scaup inland in saree eau 2 Vill 329 ; Night Heron in Derbyshire, 329; Black Tern in Anglesea, 329; Black-throated Diver in Derbyshire, 426; Lesser Shrew in Devon, 467 OvERTON, E. P. Little Gull and Red-necked Phala- rope in Sussex, 468 Pace, W. T. The Magpie-moth eaten by birds, 169; Avicultural notes, 338 PaTTERSON ARTHUR Occurrence of the Cuckoo Ray at Great Yarmouth, 235; Bull-dog variety of the Sapphirine Gur- nard at Great Yarmouth, 275; Notes from Great Yarmouth, 3389; Meristic variation in the Edible Crab, 303; The Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yarmouth, its coasts, rivers, and Broads, 539 PENTLAND, G. H. Stock- Dove in Ireland, 88 PLAYNE, HERBERT C. Ornithological notes from Corsica, 254; Memory for locality in a Nightjar, 330; A walk across Lapland, 498 Pocock, R. I. Trapping Shrews and Voles, 507 Potter, E.G Breeding of the Roseate Tern in Britain, 165; The eggs of the Roseate Tern, 467 Quintin, W. H. 81., F.Z.8. Unusual sites chosen by birds for their nests, 430 Rare, P. On Manx bird-names, 71; Orni- thological folk-lore, 168 RaMSBoTHAM, W. Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475 ReaD, Ropert H. Birdsnesting in August, 430 RENDALL, Percy, M.D., F.Z.S. Natural History notes from the West Indies, 341; Field notes on some West Indian birds, 444; Stridulation of Cicadide, 520 RENSHAW, GRAHAM Change of plumage in the Non- pareil Finch, 273 RIvIERE, BERNARD B. Arrival of summer migrants in Gloucestershire, 274; Unusual position for the eggs of the neighbouring | CONTENTS. Starling, Song ‘Thrush, and Sparrow, 334; Hours at which some birds commence to sing, 472; Roosting of the Swift, 511; Strange nesting habits of Nuthatch and Starling, 514; Egg-producing powers of birds, 575 Roserts, T. VAUGHAN Survival of the Kingfisher, 469 Rope, G. T. Early Snails, 286; Enemies of the Toad, 432 SALTER, J. H. Ornithological Rhine, 61 ScHoNLAND, S., Ph.D., F.L.S. Notes on the Chacma Baboon and the Maanhaar Jackal, Xc., 155 ScHREINER, S. C. CRONWRIGHT The Ostrich, 97 Sciater, P. L., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S. On the distribution of Marine Mammalia, 217 Scott, Rev. S. G. ; Aquatic Warbler in Hampshire, A471 SEVERIN, G. Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 80 Sicu, H. L. Polydactylism in the Horse, 270 Situ, G. W. Winter notes from Winchester Water-meads, 34; Yellow-billed Cuckoo in the Isle of Wight, 142; The Ostrich, 167; Albino Badger in Hants, 327; Notes from Mid-Hants, spring and summer, 1897, 460; Note on Pied and Grey Wagtails in the Ttchen Valley, 513 SouTHWELL, THomas, F.Z.S. On the occurrence of Pallas’s Willow Warbler in Norfolk, 8; Notes on the Seal and Whale notes from the fishery, 1896, 56, 142; Fen versus Marsh, 4387; Thresher Shark and Angel-fish at Lowe- stoft, 475; An unrecorded Nor- folk Great Bustard, 572; Occur- rence of the Mediterranean Herring Gull (Larus cachin- nans) in Norfolk, 572 STEAD, Davip G, The Australian 233 ‘* Rock-Lizard,’ CONTENTS. STEBBING, Rev. T. R. R., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S. From Buffon to Darwin, 312 STRICKLAND, T. A. GERALD, F.E.S. Frog attacked by a Rat, 169 SUTTON, JAMES _ Asterias tessellata, or Scutellated Star-fish, 170; The Common Cockroach, 370 TEESDALE, JOHN H. Montagu’s Harrier breeding in Ireland, 467 TicEHuRsT, A. F. Breeding of the Common Snipe in Romney Marsh, 271; Rare Warblers in Sussex, 333 Tuck, Rev. JuuIAN G., M.A. White Wagtail nesting in Suffolk, 233; Strange occurrence of an Albatross in Cambridgeshire, 363; Cuckoo’s egg in nest of Song Thrush, 364; Garden lists of birds, 474; Fork-tailed Petrel in E. Suffolk, 509; Green Wood- pecker boring in November, 573 WALKER, J. J., R.N., F.L.S. A flying visit to Dirk Hartog and the Houtman’s Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, 293 WARREN, ROBERT Fulmar and Surf Socter in Cos. Sligo and Mayo, 84; Unusually large numbers of Pintails in Co. Mayo, 143; On the breeding range of the Yellow Wagtail in Treland, 346 Watt, Huacu Boyp Local name of the Sheldrake, 571 WHITAKER, F. Little Owl near Newark-on-Trent, 329; Variety of Grasshopper Warbler, 833; Red-backed Shrike near Rainworth, 334 Wuittock, F. B. The breeding habits of the Purple Heron, 407 WItuiams, EF. Hybrids in St. Stephen’s Green Park, Dublin, 329 WILSoN, WILLIAM An unfortunate Cuckoo, 272; Young Cuckoo in nest of Twite, 365; Appearance of migrants in Aber- deenshire during 1896 and 1897, 366 WITCHELL, CHARLES A. The voices of the Blackbird and the Nightingale compared, 331 ; Variations of habit in the Blue Titmouse, 333; The song of the Greenfinch, 335; The autumn song of birds, 358, 471; The Dic- tionary of British Bird-song, 578 WoLLASTON, A. A walk across Lapland, 498 Woop, Surg.-Capt. Henry 8. Description of, and Natural His- tory notes on, the Burmese Wild Bull, 489 YOUNG, JOHN The Wood-Pigeons in the London Parks, 87; Rooks in the West End of London, 87 New Spscrires oF British ANIMALS DESCRIBED IN THIS VOLUME. VERMES. Enchytreus parvulus, Friend (Staffordshire). Allolobophora constricta, Rosa, var. geminata, Friend (Antrim). Page 349 » 459 xX . CONTENTS. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SUBJECTS. Abramis blicca, 561; brama, 561 Acanthias vulgaris, 565 Acerina vulgaris, 544 Acipenser sturio, 564 Actitis macularia, 448 Address, Editorial, 1 African Lake Fauna, 148, 187 Agonus cataphractus, 546 Agyrtria niveipectus, 446 Akodon urichi, 344 Alaska, Natural History notes from, 243 Albatross in Cambridgeshire, 363 Albino Badger in Hants, 327; Spar- row, 578; Turbot, 339 Allolobophora arborea, 458; boeckii, 458; chlorotica, 458; constricta, 459, — var. geminata, 459; eiseni, 458; foetida, 458; georgii, 458; hibernica, 458; mammalis, 458; profuga, 457; rosea, 458; subrubi- cunda, 458; terrestris, 457; trape- zoides, 457 ; turgida, 457 Allurus, macrurus, 459; tetraedrus, 459,—-var. flavus, 459; tetragonu- rus, 459 Alopecias vulpes, 475, 565, 579 Amazilia tobaci, 446 Ametrida minor, habitat, 326 Ammodytes lanceolatus, 555; tobi- anus, 900 Amphibolurus barbatus, 299 Anarhichas, lupus, 551 Angel-fish at Lowestoft, 475 Anguilla latirostris, 563; vulgaris, 562 Animal life, deep-sea, in past epochs, 184; pests in British Columbia, 527,—in United States, 530 Animals, circular movement in, 146; acclimatization, at Rushmore, 242; and plants, winter life, in United States, 242; influence of darkness on, 488 Ant-eater breeding in captivity, 95 Aramides cajanea, 447 Arctatlantis, the North Atlantic Sea region, 222 Arctic expedition, Natural History plans, 291 Arctirenia, the North Pacific Sea- region, 224 | Ardea cinerea, 408; purpurea, 407 Asterias tessellata, alleged occurrence in Durham, 170, 340 | Atherina presbyter, 552 Atlas Mountains fauna to be investi- gated, 187 Auk, Great, sales of eggs, 241, 382; remains found in Co. Shand, 37 Oceanic Ichthyology, a Treatise on the Deep Sea and Pelagic Fishes of the World, by G. B. Goode and Tarleton H. Bean, 40 Coloured Figures of the Eggs of British Birds, with Descriptive Notices, by H. Seebohm, edited by Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe, 41 By the Deep Sea, a popular Intro- duction to the Wild Life of the British Shores, by E. Step, 42 The Collector’s Manual of British Land and Freshwater Shells, by L. E. Adams, 43 A Handbook to the Game-birds, by W. R. Ogilvie Grant, 90 Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey. The Dinosaurs of North America, by Prof. O. C. Marsh, 92 The Fauna of British India, Cey- lon and Burma,—Moths, by Sir G. F. Hampson, Bart., 93 Zoologisches Adressbuch, published by R. Friedlander & Sohn, 94 Ethnology, by A. H. Keane, 171 The Present Evolution of Man, by G. Archdall Reid, 173 Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., 175 A Sketch of the Natural History of Australia, by Frederick G. Aflalo, 176 The Fishes of North and Middle America,—a Catalogue of the Species of Fish-like Vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama, by D. 58. Jordan and B. W. Evermann, 178 The Migration of Birds,—a Consi- deration of Herr Gitke’s Views, by F. B. Whitlock, 179 Report of Observations on Inju- rious Insects and Common Farm Pests during the year 1896, by Eleanor A. Ormerod, 180 Das Tierreich, Aves (Podargide, Caprimulgide, und Macropte- rygide), by Ernst Hartert, 181 Man and Woman,—a Study of Hu- man Secondary Characters, by Havelock Ellis, 237 Society for the Protection of Birds, —FEducational Series, edited by H. E. Dresser, 238 A Handbook to the Order Lepido- ptera, by W. F. Kirby, 239 Problems of Nature,—Researches and Discoveries of Gustav Jaeger, edited and translated by Henry G. Schlichter, 278 Pheasants,—their Natural History and Practical Management, by W. B. Tegetmeier, 279 Papers presented to the World’s Congress on Ornithology, edited by Mrs. E. Irene Rood, under the direction of Dr. Elliot Coues, 280 Wild Bird Protection and Nesting Boxes, by John R. B. Masefield, 281 Birds of our Islands, by F. A. Ful- cher, 283 The Fauna of British India, in- cluding Ceylon and Burma,— Hymenoptera, vol. i. by Lieut.- Col. C. T. Bingham, 283 Investigations into applied Nature, by W. Wilson, Jun., 284 The Migration of Birds,—an at- tempt to reduce Avine Season- flight to Law, by Charles Dixon, 371 Cambridge Natural History, vol. u. —Worms, Rotifers, and Polyzoa, 373 L’Année Biologique, Premiére An- née, 1895, 376 Traité de Zoologie, publié sous la direction de Raphael Blanchard : Fas. xi. Némertiens, par Louis Xli Joubin ; Fas.xvi., Mollusques, par | Paul Pelseneer, 877 Practical Taxidermy,—a Manual of Instruction to the Amateur in | Collecting, Preserving, and Set- | ting-up Natural History Speci- — mens of all kinds, by Montagu Browne, 378 Life in Early Britain, being an Account of the Early Inhabitants of this Island, and the Memorials | which they have left behind them, | by Bertram C. A. Windle, 477 The Vivarium, being a Practical Guide to the Construction, Ar- rangement, and Management of Vivaria, containing full informa- tion as to all Reptiles suitable as | Pets, &., by the Rev. Gregory C. Bateman, 478 A Bibliography of Gilbert White, the Natural Historian and Anti- quarian of Selborne, by Edward A. Martin, 480 Beveren (Castor fiber) i Norge dens Udbredelse og Levemaade (1896), af R. Collett, 481 The Concise Knowledge Natural History, by R. Lydekker, R. Bowdler Sharpe, W. F. Kirby, W. Garstang, B. B. Woodward, F. A. Bather, R. Kirkpatrick, R. I. Pocock, and H. M. Bernard, 482 Citizen Bird,—Scenes from Bird- Life in Plain English for Be- ginners, by Mabel Osgood Wright and Elliot Coues, 483 Darwin, and after Darwin, vol. iii., by the late George John Ro- | | Canis dingo, 193 A Handbook to the Birds of Great | manes, 522 Britain, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 523 British Birds, with their Nests and Eggs, illustrated by F. W. Fro- hawk, vols, 1.—-i11., 525 John Hunter, Man of Science and | Surgeon, by Stephen Paget, 527 Bos sondaicus, 489,—skull and horns, fisured, 492, 495 Brabrook, E. W., honours for, 382 Breeding of Corncrakes in confine- ment, 35; South African Galago in confinement, 83; Ant-eater in cap- tivity, 95; Roseate Tern in Britain, 165, 467; Caracal or Desert Lynx in captivity, 185; Black Bear in captivity, 185; Cape Hunting Dog CONTENTS. in captivity, 186; Long-eared Owl in Essex, 232; Common Snipe in Romney Marsh, 271; Sparrows on a band-stand, 287 ; Tozenburg Goat in captivity, 291; Wild Sheep in captivity, 291; range of Yellow Wagtail in Ireland, 346; Kingfisher in Norfolk, 354; Black-throated Diver in Shetland, 364, 425, 509; habits of Purple Heron, 407; Mon- tagu’s Harrier in Ireland, 467; Ringed Plover inland in Norfolk and Suffolk, 502 British Museum Report, 1896, 484 Brown, John Harvie, museum des- troyed by fire, 48 Buffon to Darwin, 312 Bull, Burmese Wild, description of, and Natural History notes on, 489; skull and horns, figured, 492, 495 Bunting, Black-headed, in Sussex, 273; Reed, nest in unusual posi- tion, 386; Siberian Meadow, 6 Burma, Upper, Zoology of, 286 Bustard, Great, old race of Norfolk, 289,572; Indian Houbara, in Hum- ber District, 47 Buteo desertorum, 158 Butterflies, light- and dark-coloured, proposed explanation as to appear- ance during day, 88; strange pair- ing, 521 Buzzard, Honey, in Staffordshire,232, 271, 328; in Suffolk, 425 Callionymus lyra, 550 Call-notes of British birds, Dictionary of, 535, 576 Campylopterus ensipennis, 446 Capros aper, 548 Caracal or Desert Lynx breeding in captivity, 185 Carcharias glaucus, 564 Carpodacus erythrinus, 6 Centronotus gunnellus, 551 Cephalopod, Giant, alleged, reported from Florida, 291 Ceratorrhina burkei, 161; derbyana, 161 Certhiola atrata, 447 Cestode parasites of fishes, 534 Cetaceans, distribution, 220 Charadrius dominicus, a rare Plover, on the River Thames, 330 Check-list of British Earthworms, 453 Chicago Academy of Sciences, mu- seum, 388 CONTENTS. Xill Chlorestes cerulea, 445 Chlorophanes spiza, 447 Chlorostilbon carribeus, 445 Chrysolampis mosquitus, 444 Chrysophrys aurata, 544 Cicadide and Orthoptera, stridula- tion, 482, 516, 517, 519, 520 Clupea alosa, 562; finta, 562; ha- rengus, 561; pilchardus, 562 ; sprat- tus, 562 Coassus nemorivagus, 345 Coccide, food-plants of, 486 Coccystes glandarius, supposed occur- rence in Ireland, 574 Cockroach, Common, changes of co- lour, 370 Celogenys paca, 343 Cereba cerulea, 447; cyanea, 447 Coloration, directive, in birds, 531 Conger vulgaris, 563 Conilurus boweri, 197; hirsutus, 195; penicillatus, 196 Cormorants in Lower California, 248 ; destruction, in Australia, 384 Corncrakes breeding in confinement, 35 Cornwall and Devon, neolithic life, 49 Coronellalevisin New Forest, 431, 475 Corsica, ornithological notes from, 254 Cottus bubalis, 545; gobio, 545; scor- pilus, 545,—var. Middlesex — Wood Pigeons, 87; Rooks in West End of London, 87; Magpie Moth eaten by birds, 169; House Sparrow, 2738; avi- cultural notes, 338 ; Curlew, 364; Wild Geese, 487 Norfolk — Pallas’s Warbler, 5, 8; skulls of early Man, 33 ; breeding Corncrakes in confinement, 35 ; ornithological record for 1896, 121; human bones, 164; among the birds, 168; Knot, 232; Cuckoo Ray, 235; Stone Curlew, 248; Sapphirine Gurnard, 275, 339; Nightingale, 3382; Lesser Weaver, 339; Turbot, 339; Ang- ler Fish, 340; Common Mackerel, 340 ; Pilchards, 340; Edible Crab, 340; twenty years in the Fens, 351; ‘‘ Kentish Crow,” 356, 428 ; Fen versus Marsh, 437; nesting sites, 449; Common Swift, 468; Ringed Plover, 502; Barbel in Great Ouse, 534; Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yar- mouth, &c., 5389; Cuckoo, 568; Great Bustard, 289, 572; Medi- terranean Herring Gull, 572 Nottinghamshire—Little Ow1,329 ; Grasshopper Warbler, 333; Red- backed Shrike, 834 Oxfordshire—Spotted Flycatcher’s X1V nest in nest of Hawfinch, 426, 473; proximity of Magpie’s and Wood Pigeon’s nests, 427; Spar- ’ rowhawk, 508; Cuckoo, 426, 513 Shropshire—Tit’s nest, 167 ; Long- eared Bats, 231; Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475 Somersetshire — Garden lists of birds, 418, 431; Hedgesparrow, 427 ; Black- winged Stilt, 511 Staffordshire — Honey Buzzard, 232, 271, 328; Daubenton’s Bat, 326 Suffolk — White Wagtail, 283 ; Snails, 286; Swallow-tailed Kite, 270, 363; Cuckoo’s egg in nest of Song Thrush, 864; Honey Buzzard, 425; garden lists of birds, 474; Thresher Shark, 475; Angel-fish, 475; Ringed Plover, 502; Fork-tailed Petrel, 509; Green Woodpecker, 573 Sussex—Rare birds, 86; Serotine Bat, 141; Black-headed Bunt- ing, 273; Rare Warblers, 333; Hawfinches, 865; Quails, 366; Little Gull, 468; Red-necked Phalarope, 468; Common Roller, 469; Hypolais polyglotta, 5138 ; Common Seal, 571 Warwickshire—Black Tern, 3380; White Wagtail, 337 Yorkshire—Little Auks and Little Gulls, 166; Red-legged Part- ridge, 166; polydactylism in the Horse, 270; Blackbird, 3380; trapping Shrews and Voles, 571; Dipper, 575; Notes, 578 Crab, Edible, meristic variation in, figured, 340 Crocodiles, ‘‘ mystic singing,” 288, 289 Crossbills near Bournemouth, 448 Crow, Kentish, 356, 428 Cuckoo, South African Golden, egg in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142; Yellow- billed, in Isle of Wight, 142; an unfortunate, 272; egg in nest of Song Thrush, 864; young, in nest of Twite, 865; popular fallacy con- cerning, 512; does it suck eggs? 518, 568; Great Spotted, supposed occurrence in Co. Darwin, Buffon to, 312 Dasyprocta aguti, 342; cristata, 342 Dasyurus hallucatus, 206 Deep-sea animal life in past epochs, 184 Dermestes lardarius eating speule mens of moths, 433, 521 Devon & Cornwall, neoltthic life, 49 Didelphis marsupialis, 842, Dik-Dik in nature and as preserved, 434 Diomedea melanophrys, 364 Dipper, egg-producing powers, 575 Dirk Hartog and the Houtman’s Ab- rolhos Islands, Western Australia, 293 Diver, Black-throated, nesting in Shetland, 364, 425, 509,—in Derby- shire, 426; Great Northern, nest- ing in Shetland, 425, 509 Dog, Cape Hunting, breeding in cap- tivity, 186 Dogs of draught in Belgium, 33 Dove, Stock, in Ireland, 88 Dreschel, Prof., 533 Duck, Pintail, large number in Co. Mayo, 143; Scaup, inland in Lan- cashire, 329 Eagle resting on a balloon, 384; Golden, in Ross-shire, 425 Earthworm studies: dorsal pores, 149 ; oviposition and embryology, 258 ; phosphorescence and lumi- nosity, 304; check-list of British Earthworms, 453 Egernia (Silubosaurus) stokesii, 801 Egg of South African Golden Cuckoo in nest of Cape Wagtail, 142; of Cuckoo in nest of Song Thrush, 364; -producing powers of birds, 511, 574, 575 Eggs of Great Auk, sales, 241, 382; of Starling, Song Thrush, and Sparrow, unusual position for, 334; five, laid by Curlew, 364; white, of Hedgesparrow, 427; of Roseate Tern, 165, 467, 510 Echidna aculeata, 199 Kchimys trinitatis, 345 Editorial Address, 1 Eel, Common, transformations, 287 Elanus ceruleus, 158 Elephants in South Africa, destruc- tion of, 582 Emberiza cioides, 6 Emu, protection, in Australia, 385 Enchytreus parvulus, a new British Worm, 349 CONTENTS. Engraulis encrasicholus, 561 Entomology, Economie, in India and United States, 385 Esox lucius, 559 Ethnological Bureau of British Em- pire, 380 | Eulampis jugularis, 447; holoseri- cus, 447 Evolution no longer a word of. evil import, 435 Fallacies, popular ornithological, 4738, 512, 514 Fauna, African Lake, 148, 187; of Atlas Mountains to be investigated, 187; and Flora, our indigenous, 264; Vertebrates, of Bedfordshire, 486 Fen versus marsh, 437 Finch, Nonpareil, change of plumage, 273, 335 Finches, foreign, in confinement, 251 Fish, Angler, a large, 340; driven ashore at Durban, 369; oil in- dustry of Japan, 286 Fisheries, Behring-Sea Seal, 96 Fishery, Seal and Whale, 56, 142 Fishes, Marine and Fresh-water, of Great Yarmouth, &c., 539; our Economic Sea, 389 Flora and Fauna, our indigenous, 264 Florisuga mellivora, 445 Flycatcher, nest constructed in rest of Hawfinch, 426 Folk-lore ornithological, 144, 168 ; among Moki Indians, 183 Food of Long-eared Bat, 231; Knot, 282 Food-plants of Coccide, 486 Fossils, Australian, in precious opal, 488 Foxes, German importation of, 436 Fresh-water biological stations, 187; and Marine Fishes of Great Yar- mouth, &e., 539 Frog attacked by Rat, 169; by Wea- sel, 369; many enemies among carnivorous mammals, 339 Friihstorfer, H., 292 Gadus eglefinus, 553; luscus, 553; merlangus, 553; minutus, 553; morrhua, 552; pollachius, 553 ; virens, 554 Galago, South African, breeding in confinement, 83 Galapagos Islands, birds of, 290 Galbula ruficauda, 448 XV Galeus vulgaris, 564 Game, South African, preservation of, 186 Garden list of birds, 417, 474 Gasterosteus aculeatus, 543; pungi- tius, 543; spinachia, 543 Geese, Wild, summer appearance in Fifeshire, 363; over London, 487 Germon, or Long-finned Tunny, in British waters, 580 Glaucis hirsuta, 446 Goat, Tozenburg, bred in captivity, 291 Gobio fluviatilis, 560 Gobius auratus, 550; minutus, 549; niger, 550; ruthensparri, 549; uni- punctatus, 549 Goliathus albosignatus, 160 Grebe, Eared, in Cumberland, 83 Greenfinch, song, 335 Grosbeak, Scarlet, 6 Grouse, Red and Black, union be- tween, 183 Gull, Little, at Scarborough, 166,— in Sussex, 468; Mediterranean Herring, in Norfolk, 572 Gurnard, Sapphirine, Bull-dog va- riety, at Great Yarmouth, 275, 389, —figured, 276 Habit, peculiar nesting, of House Sparrow, 273; variations, in Blue Titmouse, 8338; inherited, in birds, 275, 867; breeding, of Purple Heron, 407; of Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, 470 ; strange nesting, of Nuthatch and Starling, 514; of Cicadide, 520 Halmaturus houtmanni, 297 Hants, Mid-, notes from, 460 Hare, Common Brown, 95; Irish, 96 Harrier, Montagu’s, alleged nesting in Kent, 363; breeding in Ireland, 467 Harvard College Museum of Com- parative Zoology, 387 Hawfinch in West Sussex, 365 Hedgehog attacking Toad, 369 Hedgesparrow appropriatingThrush’s nest, 427; white eggs, 427 Heron, Night, in Derbyshire, 329; Purple, breeding habits, 407 ; choked by a Frog, 572 Heteromys anomalus, 344 Hippoglossoides limandoides, 556 Hippoglossus vulgaris, 555 Hipposiderus muscinus, 191 XV1 Hippopotamus, decrease, in the Upper Shire, 380 ; preservation, in Natal, 881 Holibut, large, at Isle of Man, 235 Horns from South Africa, 487 Horse, critical period in development, 486 ; polydactylism in, 270 Hours at which some birds com- mence to sing, 472, 576 Hybridity, supposed, between Com- mon Brown and Irish Hares, 96; Red and Black Grouse, 188; colour- variation, &c., in birds and mam- mals, 883 Hybrids in St. Mayo, 148; Green Sandpiper in Co. Waterford, 148; Pine Marten in Co. Waterford, 269, 327; hy- brids, 829; Reed Bunting in Co. Waterford, 3386; Yellow Wagtail, 346; Great Auk, 383; Montagu’s Harrier in Co. Kerry, 467; strange pairing of butterflies, 521; Heron choked by Frog, 572; supposed occurrence of a Great Spotted Woodpecker in Co. Kerry, 574 Isle of Man, Holibut at, 235; anthro- pology of, 485; Porbeagle in Manx waters, 579; Museum for, 579 Jackal, Maanhaar, 155 Jefferies, Richard, the late, 46 Jersey, Bank Vole in, 141 Kangaroos, protection, in Australia, 385 Kingfisher, survival of, 354, 469 CONTENTS. Kite, Swallow-tailed, in Suffolk, 270, 363 Knot, food, 232 Labrax lupus, 544 Labrus maculatus, 552 Lemargus borealis, 565 Lamna cornubica, 564, 579 Lampornis violicauda, 444 Lampris luna, 548 Landrail in Chester in December, 86 Lanius minor in Kent, 427 Lapland, a walk across, 498 Lark, Shore, 6; supposed summer appearance in Devonshire, 3865, 471, 574 Larus cachinnans in Norfolk, 572 Latrunculus pellucidis, 550 Legends, zoological, 46 Lepus timidus, 96; variabilis, 96 Leuciscus buggenhagii, 561; cepha- lus, 560; erythrophthalmus, 560; phoxinus, 560; rutilus, 560; vul- garis, 560 Leuckart, Prof. Rudolf, honours for, 381 Liparis montagui, 551; vulgaris, 551 Lizard, Australian Rock, 233 Lobster, gigantic, 276 Local museums, federal staff for, 147 Locust ravages in South Africa, 45; proposed means of destruction in Rhodesia, 146 Loncheres guianer, 344 Lophius piscatorius, 551 Lophoceros_ erythrorynchus, leucomelas, 159 Lophornis ornatus, 445 Lota vulgaris, 554 Lumbricus castaneus, 455; festivus, 455; herculeus, 455; papillosus, 455; rubellus, 455; studeri, 455 Lynx, Desert, or Caracal, breeding in captivity, 185 159 ; Mackerel, Common, variety, 340 Macropus agilis, 214; antilopinus, 213; robustus, 212 Madoqua phillipsi in nature and as preserved, 434 Magpie-moth eaten by birds, 169 Magpie’s and Wood Pigeon’s nests, proximity of, 427 Mammalia, North Australian, 189; marine, distribution, 217 | Mammals, colour-variation, &e., 388; from Somati-land, 434; of Trini- dad, 424 CONTENTS. Man in Zoology, 138; Early, skulls found in Norfolk, 33 ; Palzolithic, and the glacial epoch, 95; Pre- historic, remains on Rombald’s Moor, 145 Manx bird-names, 71, 144 Marine and Fresh-water Fishes of Great Yarmouth, &c., 539 Marmosa murina, 342 Marsh versus fen, 437 Marten, Pine, in Ireland, 141, 269, 327 Maurolicus pennantii, 559 Merlucius vulgaris, 554 Mesatlantis, the Middle Sea-region, 223 Mesirenia, the Middle Pacific Sea- region, 225 Miall, Prof. L. Matthews, Rev. Andrew, 466 in Norfolk, 5, 8,—figured, 186; su- Miiller, Fritz, 268 perciliosus, 5; viridans in Lincoln- Nevill, Hugh, F.Z.S., 230 shire, 5 Newton, Sir Edward, K.C.M.G.,230 | Pigeon, Wood, large flocks, near Steenstrup, Johann Japetus Simon, Croydon, 45; in London Parks, 87; 325 nesting in heart of the city, 383; Onychogale unguifera, 209 and Magpie, proximity of nests, 427 Oological collections in Australia, 47 | Pilchards at Great Yarmouth, 340 Oreynus germo in British waters,580 | Pinnipeds, distribution, 217 Ortalis ruficauda, 448 Pipit, Alpine, in Carnarvonshire, 366 Orthagoriscus mola, 564 Pipra auricapilla, 447 ) Orthoptera and Cicadide, stridulation | Pithecanthropus erectus, 14 in, 482, 516, 517, 519, 520 Pleuronectes flesus, 557; cynoglos- Oryzomys brevicauda, 344 sus, 557; limanda, 556; microce- Osmerus eperlanus, 558 | __phalus, 556; platessa, 556 ‘Osprey,’ The, 243 | Plover, Great, nesting, 511; Little, in Osprey in Dorset, 508 | Australia, useful qualities of, 385 ; Ostrich (with Plate), 97, 167 | Ringed, inland breeding, in Nor- Otocorys alpestris, 6 | folk and Suffolk, 502 Otter, Irish, differs from Common | Plumage, change of, in Nonpareil Otter, 184 Finch, 2738, 3835 Owl, Little, near Newark-on-Trent, ; Polar, South, Belgian Expedition, 487 329; Long-eared, breeding in | Polydactylism in the Horse, 270 Essex, 232 Pteropus gouldii, 190; scapulatus, 191 Pseudochirus dahlii, 208 Pagellus centrodontus, 544 Pairing, strange, of butterflies, 521 Quails in Sussex, 366 Partridge, Red-legged, migrating, 166, 233 Raia batis, 566; clavata, 566; macu- Perameles macrura, 202; obesula, 201 lata, 566: miraletus, 566 ; pasti- Perea fluviatilis, 543 naca, 566 ; ; radiata, 566 Perdix cinerea, chocolate-coloured | Raniceps trifurcus, 554 variety, 36 Rat attacking Frog, 169; Black, in Pests, animal, in British Columbia, Bedfordshire, 328 529,—in United States, 530; in- | Ray, Cuckoo, at Great Yarmouth, 235 sect, and destruction of birds, in | Redpoll, Mealy, off Kerry coast, 513 Eastern 8. Africa, 243 Redshank, Common, egg-producing Petaurus breviceps, 205 powers, 575 Petchora River, Siberia, zoological | Rendall, Dr. Percy, 46 expedition, 287 Reptiles and Batrachians of Celebes, Petrel, Fork-tailed, in East Suffolk, 184 509; Frigate, on west coast of Scot- | Rhamphastos vitellinus, 447 land, 241. : in Cos. Salmo fario, 558; salar, 557; trutta, | 558 Sandpiper, Green, in Co. Waterford, 148 ; flight, 5738 Saunders’ ‘Manual of British Birds,’ 532 Scarborough, notes from, 578 Scizena aquila, 547 Sciurus estuans, 343 Sclater, Dr. P. L., bibliography, 188 Scomber scomber, 547 ; scriptus, 547; thynnus, 547 Scomberesox saurus, 559 Scopus umbretta, 158 Scorpena dactyloptera, 544 Scoter, Surf, in Co. shire, 366 ; garden list of birds in Pembrokeshire, 419 Warbler, Aquatic, in Hampshire, 471; Grasshopper, variety, 338 ; Greenish Willow, 5; Icterine, at Lyme Regis, 3382; Pallas’ s Willow, in Norfolk, 5, 8, 136, —figured, 136; Yellow- browed, 5. Warblers, rare, in Sussex, 333 Washington National Museum, 1896, 485 Wasp, Tipula, and Spider, 475 Weasel attacking Frog, 369 Weaver, Lesser, strange position of a, 339 West Indian birds, notes on some, 444 Whale, Sperm, captured near Azores, 145; parasites on, 145; and Seal fishery, 1896, 56, 142 Whales, enormous stranding at Falk- land Islands, 47 Winchester water-meads, notes, 34 Winter life of animals and plants in United States, 242 Wolmer Forest, preservation, 534 Woodpecker, Green, boring in Novem- ber, 573 ; Lesser Spotted, habits, 470 Worm, Aster, 349 Wren, Willow, singing in autumn, 513 Wryneck, egg-producing powers, 511 | Xyphias gladius, 549 Yarmouth, Great, marine and fresh- water fishes of, 539 York School Nat. Hist. Report, 188 Yukon District of Canada, birds, 430 | Zebras, revised list of, 380 Zeugopterus punctatus, 556 Zeus faber, 548 | Zoarces viviparus, 551 Zoology, Man in, 13 Zygena malleus, 564 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Plate I. Ostrich, ‘“‘ bromming” and ‘ rolling” : to face 97 » LI. Rhinolphus hipposider os, Bechst.: sleeping positions ” 537 Labels, locality, &c., in use at the Brucae Museum 81 Pheasant with upper mandible prolonged 122 Pallas’s Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus pr oregulus : . . 136 Bull-dog Variety of Sapphirine Gurnard ; : : : . 276 Meristic variation in the Edible Crab : ‘ . 3840 Skull and horns: Bos sondaicus—Bull . 492 —Cow ~ 495 Sketch Map of Water Area i in neighbourhood of Great Yarmouth . . 589 THE ZOOLOGIST No. 667.—January, 1897. MmoOrroRirAL ADDRESS. A new Editor in any phase of journalism—scientific or otherwise —sometimes denotes a fresh departure, often implies a change in method, frequently creates prejudice that some particular subject may be more or less neglected, or another unduly favoured, and doubtless produces some reflex of indi- viduality, as must and should be the case. It may therefore be well to assure our readers that this magazine is still ‘The Zoologist,’ a monthly journal devoted to Natural History, as founded in 1848; and its aim is still, as stated by Edward Newman in his first Preface, to ‘‘combine scientific truths with readable English;” while in its pages ‘‘everyone who subscribes a single fact is weleome—nay, more than that— has a direct claim to be admitted as a contributor.” To this may be added the words of the recent editor, who has so ably conducted ‘The Zoologist’ since 1877, that ‘‘it must always be remembered that Zoology is one of the most pro- gressive of the sciences.” Thus acting on the lines of my predecessors, I trust this magazine—which now enters a new series—will follow the path on which it started, in the advancement of Zoology by recording facts and suggesting conclusions, in maintaining the interest in British Zoology, and in adding to the philosophical standpoint of our insular science by narrating the annals of the larger fauna of which our own forms only a part. Zool, 4th ser. vol. I., Jan. 1897. B 2 THE ZOOLOGIST. Some changes will take place in our pages. ‘The official reports of the meetings of Natural History Societies will be discontinued. These are fully published in other journals both | weekly and monthly, and much of the space now devoted to the same will be utilized for more original matter. The Editor, however, will always be glad to receive and insert notes recording facts and subjects of special interest which have been brought forward at the meetings of our Natural History Societies, and these may prove of a more readable, explanatory, and less technical character than must perforce be the nature of a bald abstract of the whole proceedings of a Society’s meeting. Not only is it hoped to fill any lacuna that may thus occur with more general zoological information, but with the support of contributors to even increase the size of the publication. A Zoology which excludes Homo is like ‘ Hamlet’ without the Prince of Denmark. ‘‘ Karly Man in Britain” proclaims his identity to the out-door naturalist who comes across the ancient Barrow as well as the more recent Mound. His flint implements still remain in evidence, and often in conjunction with the débris of an extinct fauna which no Zoology can disregard. The fauna of the present cannot altogether be studied without reference to that of the past; and just as the paleontologist must have some zoological training, so the zoologist cannot dismiss and consign to a purely geological standpoint the animals—especially the British animals—of a past era. Prehistoric Man is now at least a reality, and not a theory; he existed with, and was part of, a phase of animal life which is only separated from that of to-day in degree and not in kind. It is therefore hoped that in our pages may be found contributions—so far as these islands are concerned—as to his past history, his physical peculiarities, and his connection with our old British fauna. General treatises on Anthropology are not desiderated, but it is desired to secure records of where his presence can be maintained. Living in the age—nay, the atmosphere—of Darwin and Wallace, it is impossible to disregard those generalizations which add philosophy to the science and charm to the subject. Not only do we care to know how animals are as we see them, but also to trace the modifications which have so largely in- fluenced their present appearance. Evolution is not only a EDITORIAL ADDRESS. 3 subject which, in some form or other, is coeval with thinking man, however crude and wild some early hypotheses may have been, but it is now the established corner-stone of the zoological edifice. There may be much pure guessing, considerable theo- retical sack without mnch bread of fact; but to abstain from all theory is equivalent to discarding the method of Darwin, to ignoring the speculation of a Humboldt. The Editor therefore hopes to receive the thought-out conclusions of contributors on the facts acquired in, and by, their special studies and observa- tions, which may be qualified in the words of Treviranus, who prefaced his speculative opinions in these words :—‘‘ The author will give opinion and theory a place in this work, but he is far from those who give their dreams and fancies a reality and permanence, believing that his own theories may perish, and hoping to direct the current of thought in Biology to adapt itself to Nature, and not make Nature adapt itself to the current of thought.”’ If, however, facts are made more philosophical by generali- zation, it is clear that all speculation must and should depend on facts, and it is expected that ‘The Zoologist’ will in the future, as it has done in the past, prove a storehouse of the same, a journal worthy of the observations that immortalized Gilbert White and canonized Richard Jefferies. Its pages are open to record all observations, the only conditions being that such records shall be original, and the species to which they apply accurately determined. With all our knowledge of Natural History it is almost phenomenal how little is still known of the life-histories of many living creatures inhabiting even these islands, while with scarcely an exception there are no animals from which we cannot learn by intelligent observation. The ornithologists have worthily borne the heat and burden of the day in preceding volumes; it is to be hoped that their good example may be followed in other branches of our varied fauna. ‘The Zoologist’ invites the help of the successors and disciples of Yarrell, Bell, and Ray, of Knapp, ‘‘ Rusticus,”’ and Buckland. 