Londina illustrata. Graphic and historic memorials of monasteries, churches, chapels, schools, charitable foundations, palaces, halls, courts, processions, places of early amusement and modern and present theaters, in the city and suburbs of London and Westminster
Wilkinson, Robert, -approximately 1825
/'■ / \jjft ^ss®:l\ a.dllH Imb . ■ / f rzz/z'zzzzzj cZZzZ^ 4 SUBURBS CITIES v/yZ/y/Z/yd/j y//ryyyy\ vry/yy y//su< of jj m H«liA Pozidon, Pu/dis/ud lfJ(i/t 'dd2o, Zt- Paid irz/.AYXSP.v, il dr>.>, Pan/une/i Sfrrr/. #* / Ilonbtna EUustrata* DESCRIP TI\ E LIST OF THE ENGRA\FNGS CONTAINED IN THE COMPLETE WORV ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE SUBJECTS REPRESENTED. VOLUME THE SECOND. COURTS, HALLS, AXD PUBLIC BCLLDIXGS. 109. Interior of the Pie-Pocdse Coczt, Cloth Fair, Wes: Safari deli; with m Exterior view of the House in which :t is 1 10. Interior of the Cocwr of Eicheque*, Wessufaster-HsIL with the mt—j of presenting the Shensi of London, Samuel Birch, and Hfisn Hejsste, Esqrs. before the Barons of the Exchequer, 30th September, 1812. Th* Rotal Ziceaxgz. 111. ioiitli front of toe edince in 15 « 5. A Ao^iEule irz— i a par® *z.i * - •r-U-- « Print- 112. Intcrr.cr view north. Frcm ti>5 sL2^e- Fr3vruu_!5 1x5, Hoi30iv. Taien down in 1318. ' 113. Sonth-noct, Eitaior. 1 14. \\ esi new of tee Interior Q"?Rrt-^c. 1 1 5. N orth view oi tae Interior 1 1 £. Interior of the Great Hill. 117. South Exterior view of the Crsrow House in 1663.— South view of tie Rrrvs of the Crsro* House, trier the fire, 14th February, 1314, 118. Sooth fail of the Xerth side of the Interior oi the Maeshaisea Peisov, Soutewxsx : with x Plan or the site ’ ricxnitv. 137. Ik of the Skin IfaAet, leadenfaZ. fact tie OSd Qurireut trQfa^. 133. Rsrss dncairnd at the cans cf Huinm irJ;:T. CsnacCiEi 3 IMcsurer 1321: with * He cf tfe Emms md ^ the ste. 139. Xorth-wKt view of the Om Hckik « Mallet. Num.vre Taken fawn in lfal : with the Bust and Irscr.uccc tux mum the westers, ass a* the Market House. SCHOOLS. 140. Se-sth Exrerior view of Queen EiLXAxrrrt Gtorua W- Tout Mwest, Soutewajex : with a Pas c* the s3 tx tstsxst. 14L North ami south Exterior rrtS of Queen Eueaxets 5 G^nui S^r. St. SatkcVs. Smuts. 121 : wfai a reureseummec cf the fare- hlsfal gtTen hr tie Goiass. !42- Extasoe view of the Ret. Rams DirruTts Hxim;.. Ro*n ; Rebuilt in 1818 : with the «4i Tablet asd Imsereucfam 143. Western Exterior of Si. Pauls School and the H.neee a the ge. Punia Chsrct. Tied. T ■> — fa » - fa lc23. : Msecs, its?. 119. 12a 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 123. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. Cbeapske Cecss. The Cross of West Cheap with part of the Goldsufafae' Rcw, mod fag Progress of Edward VI. through London, in 1547. A tew of the Cross alone, in 1606. From a Drawing fa the Pepjsan Library. X orth-east riew of Chsapside with the Cross izfa Coeduit, un i tor: cf the Procession of Maria De’ Medicos fa 1638. A tew of the Destracticn of Chespsiie Cross and the Burch-- c f the Bock of Sports on the spot, May 2nd and 10th, 1641 ; fa on an anci-ret Pmt : with a Pisa of Cheapsie shewing the sites of tie Cross and Standard. Chaeing Ceoss, erectai by Pietro Garaifai far Edwsrd L fa Memory cf Queen Eleanor of Castile. East front of the Quest's Tsxastet, Scotland Yard, fast the Rirer Thames: — West fant of the same fact Scotland Yard: — Pun of OLi Whitehall Palace preserved farm the hre fa 1697. Sc nth front of Wateejeaxs’ Haul, Coin Haescu3 ; as it apt cared fa 1650 South front of the Bxeweei, Ac. of Messrs. CauveL A Co. erected on the site of Cold Harbour. ^SSI£nl Exterior of Cal tees’ Hall ass Meeting, St. Swithfa's Lure, Cannon Street. Taken down fa 1821. Interior of the Meeting House locking sonth. Western front of Blacxwell Hall, King Street, Cisapride; with the adjoining buildings and s Plan of the site. Taken down fa December 1819. South Exterior of the Orn Tows Halt, St Masgaset s Hm Soutswasx : Rebuilt fa 1793. South-west view of the Interior of the Vaults of Gisors* or Gsxjlast's Haul, Basing Lane, Bread Street: with a Pkn of the Vaulting of the Ceiling. Interior view of the Remuins cf the Causes of St. Miosaeu, Aixcate ; wttn » Plan of the groining of the roof and of the site of the bcBdfasr. A iew at the Remains of an Asciest Cmrpr in the kitchen cf a house fa Leadetthall Street; with a view of the Exterior cf the house and aajotmng buddings, and Sculptures frees the front of the boose. Interior o: the Ciwpt ca-'.ed the Powous Puor Cfuias, beneath tie Old Palace of Westminster, looking north. Taken down fa June, 1323. AXMS-HOCSES, HOSPITALS, km 144. Exterior ri w of the Alws-H'uees Errvrm sr Wm Wtiteciapri Road : with a Plan ef the site ami vkfafar. 145. Xortb-west voew of tie antiatl ssweenre of AfaatSiwr Tiuroiri Ha l. with the n:ng Aues-Hoosre fa Irrestfaeri'je Street, tn lii Described with X as. 5, 6, 7. Tse Loxdos Wotanrsa, Besorecinx irt-it. i4o. Extorter ti me vest^n frtet ; wfa 1 vfaw cf the Stewund's Safe nr fatemui part of the sane atwUle, and the C.tnnot fail of tme Chart rr. 147. Exterior of the Old Latgase Prfann, wfa a Grocnd-f fan. and a cf fa^ sire and Tiefairr. 143. ! 149. 150. 151. 152. Leaden-Hall and Chapel. Taken down fa 1S12. 134 Exterior north-east view of the Chapel of the Hoot Trinitr tbe north end of the Hill. 185, Exterior south-east view of the same. 136. Interior of the Chapel, looking east. rid, and BimswAii Hostosal. Buacxfxiaes. Xtctn-wsst Extsotir of the Chape-l. and pure cf the rrest scrirease krirj -j the Hall : with a sorfa-aast riew of the Interisr cf the Cuwre-roc*. Part of the Interior of the Qnai-ungfa, cocaprismg the rremrs fa rite vla e Prisoa, pare of the Femrie Priscc, and the Great Hril Exteretr view oc St. 7 rev '< House. H-xtocs . 1 Jicm-Ecmse for tie Citr Pour, wifa a Pfas of the ste ami rirfaitv. Ea tutor Elevatitc: cf tne tctlimg oentuttfac S:i Avrurw Jrrc-xs Ares- K ousts. Great St- Hriet's. Etst tp^ate Street -V - -■ w:fa i pfa. site. Ac. West front of tis Vxusnrrres Lux its "s Atocs-Hresus. Pest Hocse Tkdds, City t.u.ui . with the Old Tail-: and Inscm.po.un. Taken itwn fa fafafa PLACES or AMU SEMEXT. Hollaxt’s Llaovil, fa the Mmut of Fares Garet-n. rexniscte. 153. Reccesentafata of the H tense and Gartens of Hrifatri s Le-irser fa IhJd ; with a Plan cf pare cf tie Pafasi of Cifast-Ciurefa Snrrer. iB-nentiT fase Manor cf Paris Garden. l»ri Snrejr of the Parish of Christ fWfl, Sict; with a far of the Chock, erected ahoc: 1737. Ci rts's G Aitixe. Lucira M 1 ise. 135. Xorth end of the Great Rucm as occupied fee tie Brettsi Wfae 5f 1 ufoNi f ef Messes. Bsaufav ; with a Fim of the Garhems and pare cf Ixwheti Farisi fa 1745 ; faclnifag rise the site of die Waako Bre.dree Road, fas aew roads adpefatng. and the west iron: ef the Ciureri cf Sm loom fa^ Evangelist. 156. Stefa end of the Great Room, wtfa pare cf the Gardens. 157. South -eisteret Exterior cf the Oil Faafaess Tarem. xarmeriv fa Cuter s Gardes*. 15n. Stum -eastern Extarijr of the Cun Guam Hu.ii. on Georges Street, Si. George's Ffafa. Sc-ufawvi, MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS OF ANTIQUITY. 159. Carvings executed by Anne Bullen in the Tower. 160. Coffin- Plates of the Lords Kilmarnock, Balmerino, and Lovat, interred in the Tower. The Monument on Fish Street Hill. 161. Allegorical Sculpture on the western side of the base, executed by Caius Gabriel Cibber. 162. Inscriptions engraven on the South, East, and North sides, and round the Plinth. ANCIENT AND MODERN THEATRES. 163. Engraved Title Page to Volume II. The Graphic and Historical Memorials of the THEATRES of LONDON : including an Emble¬ matical Vignette designed by E. Burney, representing the Dramatic Muse seated by a pedestal between the ancient classical masks of Tragedy and Comedy, with Time behind her resting upon an ancient scrinium, containing the old English Mysteries, and holding a scroll with a view of the Globe Theatre, on the Bankside, Southwark ; at which most of Shakspeare’s Dramas were produced. In the other hand of Time is a tablet containing an interior view of an old English Stage during the performance of a play, taken from the title-page to Dr. William Alabaster’s Latin Tragedy of Roxana, printed in 1632. Two winged boys are on the right of the principal figure, one of whom is displaying representations of the Modern Theatres of Covent Garden and Drury Lane ; whilst the other is removing the scythe and hour-glass of Time, to preserve those buildings from his destroying power. 164. The Pump and Inscription erected near the Clerk’s Well, Ray Street, Clerkeuwell, as it appeared in 1822, with a Plan of the vicinity : anciently a place for the performance of Sacred Mysteries. The Bear Garden, Bankside, Southwark. 165. Plan of Bankside and site of the Theatres used for the fighting of Bulls and Bears, taken in the reign of Elizabeth. 166. Exterior view of the Bear Garden Theatre, in the second state, about 1614 : taken from the south-east. 167. Exterior view of the same, in the third and last state, in 1647 : taken from the south-east. The Globe Theatre, Bankside. 168. Exterior view on the east : from an Original Drawing in the Illustrated Pennant in the Print- Room of the British Museum. 169. Exterior view on the south-east, with the Rose Theatre in the background : from an ancient Engraving executed about 1612 : with a Plan of the site and vicinity. 170. Exterior view on the east in 1647. 171. South Exterior view of the Swan Theatre on the Bankside, about 1614: with a small Vignette view of the same about 1620. 172. Interior view of the Red Bull Playhouse, situated in Red Bull Yard, St. John Street, Clerkenwell ; as it appeared between 1650 and 1660. 173. Western Exterior View of the Fortune Playhouse, Golden Lane, taken in 1811 : with a Plan of the site and vicinity. 174. South front of the Falcon Tavern on the Bankside, Southwark, celebrated as the daily resort of Shakspeareand his companions, as itappeared in 1805: with a Plan of the site and vicinity. 175. South Exterior view of the Theatre Royal, Portugal Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, as the Salopian China Warehouse. The Duke’s Theatre, Dorset Gardens, Fleet Street. 176 South Exterior view taken from the river, in 1671. 177. Proscenium of the same Theatre (erroneously called the Duke’s Theatre, Lincoln’s Inn Fields) ; with a scene from E. Settle’s Tragedy of the Empress of Morocco. Theatre Royal Drury Lane. 178. Interior view taken from the stage, as it appeared in 1792 : — North-western Exterior of the New Theatre Royal Drury Lane, erected in 1814. 179. North-eastern Exterior of Drury Lane Theatre, as erected by Holland ; opened in 1794, and destroyed by Fire in 1809 : with a Ground-Plan of the building. 180. Interior of the same, taken from the dress-boxes on the Prompter’s side. 181. Conflagration of the same during the night of February 24th, 1809: taken .from Westminster Bridge : — South-western view of the Ruins of the Theatre in Brydges Street. Theatre Royal Covent Garden. 182. Rich’s Glory, or Triumphant Entry into Covent Garden: Fac-simile of a Caricature by Hogarth, referring to the removal of Rich from Lincoln’s Inn Fields to the New Theatre, which was opened December 7th, 1732. 183. Interior of the Theatre as altered in 1794, taken from the dress-boxes on the Prompter’s side :— Original Entrance to the house from the Colonnade.— Destroyed by Fire, September 20th, 1808. 184. Exterior view of the New Covent Garden Theatre erected in 1809, taken from Bow Street : with a Plan of the sites of both Theatres and the vicinity. Theatre Royal Haymarket. 185. Interior and Proscenium of the Old Theatre : Exterior view of th Front Entrance ; as they appeared in 1815. Taken down in 1820. 186. Exterior of the Old and New Theatres. 187. Proscenium and Interior of the New Theatre as it appeared on the Opening Night, July 4tb, 1821 : with a Ground-Plan of the building King’s Theatre, Haymarket: the Opera House. 188. Proscenium and Interior in 1815, before the alterations : Exterior view of the Entrance. 189. View of the Eastern Exterior, as altered by Nash in 1819. Theatre in Great Ayliffe Street, Goodman’s Fields. 190. South-east view of the Exterior taken by Capon in 1786 ; with a Plan of the site and vicinity. 191. Painted Ceiling over the Pit. Drawn by Capon in 1786. 192. Interior and Proscenium of the Royalty Theatre, Wellclose Square: Destroyed by Fire April 11th, 1826. 193. Remains of the Theatre at Gibbon’s Tennis Court, Bear Yard, Little Lincoln’s Inn Fields ; as it appeared after the Fire, September 17th, 1809 : with a Plan of the structure. 194. Interior and Exterior of the Olympic Theatre, Wych Street, Drury Lane, in 1815. 195. South-west Exterior view of Sadler’s Wells Theatre, ftom a Drawing by Andrews in 1792: with a Vignette view of the Old Sadler’s Wells in 1746, from the “ Universal Harmony.” 196. Interior and Proscenium of the Pantheon Theatre, Oxford Street, in 1813. Taken down in September 1833. 197. Interior, and Exterior Entrance, of the Sans Pareil or Adelphi Theatre, Strand, in 1815. 198. Arena and Proscenium of Astley’s Amphitheatre, Westminster Road, in 1815 : with an Exterior view of the front. 199. Interior and Exterior of the Regency Theatre, (the Queen’s and Fitzroy Theatre,) Tottenham Street, Tottenham Court Road, in 1816. Royal Cobourg (Victoria) Theatre, Waterloo Bridge Road. 200. North-west view of the Exterior, with the Inscription-stone. 201. Proscenium and Interior of the Theatre as it appeared on the Opening Night, May 11th, 1818 : with the last scene of the “ Trial by Battle.” 202. North-east Exterior view of the Surrey Theatre, in 1814 ; with a Plan of the site and vicinity. 203. Proscenium of the old Lyceum Theatre, or English Opera House, Strand ; as it appeared on the evening of March 21st, 1817, with the exhibition of the last scene of Walker’s Eidouranion : with a view of the centre boxes and gallery. Destroyed by Fire, February 16th, 1830. 204. Exterior view of the Theatre in Tankard Street, Ipswich, is which Garrick made his first public appearance, July 21st, 1741. 205. Elevation of the Exterior o^ the Theatre Royal, Liverpool, on the stage of which died Mr. John Palmer whilst performing the Stranger, August 2nd, 1798. 206. Checques and Tickets of Admission to Theatres and other places of Amusement, between the years 1671 and 1817. Tins Court is held, at a Public- House, Tcnown by the Sign ■ of the. Hand and Shears, the corner of Middle Stx scene above, is descriptive of da. Court held in the- dining room, where the judge,, attended by Us secretary, i. -ants , respecting some- Injury sustained in tbs- newbounng fair Sf Bartholomew, Try one, of live, parties. Ionian, IPuhTishaL IWjuSn, ~bj RlWUHusonJittSS, Conduit. 10g et and King1 Street, as ealubited, in. the Vignette-. The determining a cause between, two histrionic complain- 1 otfjtrtofjgt Courts If we were to trace the origin of this court, we should be obliged to explore very remote authority; we might resort to Sacred Writ, and produce many instances of the judges administering justice in the gate, or without the City, where their decisions were summary and effective. It is not improbable such an open situation was preferred, that the administration of justice might be as public as possible. There can be no doubt, but that the Greeks, and Romans, from the same motives, decided causes in the Areopagus, the Forum, &c. The Britons had also their places of judicature in the open air, where the judges presided to minister whilst the dust was on the feet. The Saxons, in imitation of their German ancestors, appointed twelve of the most eminent and grave men, to ride different circuits, that justice might not be impeded to the meanest individual. Hence arose justices itinerant. Stowe writes, that “ opposite the Bishop of Coventry’s Inn, in the High Street (the Strand), stood a stone cross, where in the year 1294, and divers other times, the justices itinerant sat without London.” Having glanced at the origin of courts of justice, it will be necessary to remark, that when luxury introduced covered places for deciding causes, the court of Pie-powder lost its ancient consequence, and, from being a court of general judicature, it diminished, though still maintaining its right, into a court of record for the speedy and sudden dispatch of differences arising in markets and fairs, for the sole benefit of merchants and tradesmen ; for determining also all doubts and questions then and there arising, respect¬ ing sales and contracts made within, and during the time for which the market or fair is held, and not for matters arising out of the market or fair, or done before, or at any time after ; but for causes happening and arising in pleno mercato, or in plena feria, agreeably to the act of pai’liment passed in the eighth year of the reign of king Henry VII. and seventeenth of Edward IY. cap. ii. 1477 - A court of Pie-powder is of two kinds ; first, either prescriptive, and an absolute jurisdiction ; or, secondly, to be in a market or fair ; and to this, a court of Pie-powder is incident. In the latter, two things are requisite : first, this court is to be for matters arising in the market or fair : secondly, the cases to be determined in the court within, and during the continuance of the market or fair; and this practice is, when the court is annexed to such market or fair. It is, however, very different in a Pie-powder court by prescription, because there, causes, both before and after, may be heard and determined. It cannot be irrelevant to our subject to state that a court, by prescription, may be held without any fair, from time to time, and from day to day. It was adjudged, 13 Edward IV . in point of a writ of error, where the error was assigned to reverse a judgment given in curia pedis pulverizati, there alleged to be held secundum consuetudinem ejusdem civitatis. The error insisted upon was, “ because it did not show, that the matter upon which the action was brought, was in pleno mercato, ox in plena feria.” It was considered as no error, because the court was held according to the custom of the city. This proves that a Pie-powder court may be held, without either fair or market ;j* and the king may, with propriety, grant such a court to be held from day to day. A court of this kind may also be held by custom, without any fair or market ; and its proper denomination being/or the speedy dispatch of business, as quick as the dust falls from the feet , its jurisdiction, as held by prescription, may be extended to all contracts, bonds, actions of trespass upon the case, &c. The difference between the two courts of Pie-powder is thus defined : “ If any person declares upon an injury received in a fair before this court, in such case there is a necessity that he ought to set forth, ‘ that the injury was sustained in full fair or market;’ otherwise the plea is not good. Such is not the case in the court held by prescription ; that court may hear and determine actions upon the case for words, which cannot be done in the ordinary court, during the fair.” The court of Pie-powder cannot take cognizance of any words that do not concern any matter touching the market ; but if one person slanders another respecting his trade or merchandise in the market, in that case the cause is cognizable by the court. In this court the steward is sole judge, for there are no suitors; therefore, as no writ of false judg¬ ment can lie, it must be a writ of error ; and where the claim is to hold this court by prescription, and also by charter, if the charter be not contrary to the prescription, this shall be held good as a confirmation * In p. 32, vol. iii. of Black stone’s Commentaries, he says, “ The lowest, and, at the same time, the most expeditions court of justice known to the law of England, is the court of Pie-poudre, curia pedis pulverizati, so called from the dusty feet of the suitors or, according to Sir Edward Coke, “ because justice is there done as speedily as dust can fall irom the foot.” Upon the same principle that justice among the Jews was administered at the gates of the city, that the proceedings might be more speedy as well as public. But by a learned modern writer, it derived its name from “ pied puldreaux,” a pedlar, in old French, and, therefore, signifying the court of such petty chapmen as resort to fairs or markets : the proceedings of the court being de hora in horam. J enkins, 132, pi. 70, says, “ The court is called, curia pedis pulverizati, because of the confluence of people, who, by their motion, raise pulverem vel lutum." t See Act of 17 of Edward IV. cap. 2 ; whereby it is enacted, “ that from the 1st day of May next ensuing, no steward, under-steward, bailiff, nor commissary, nor any other minister of any such courts of Pie-powder, shall hold plea, upon any action, at the suit of any person or persons, unless the plaintiff or plaintiffs, or his or their attorney, in the presence of the defendant or defendants, do swear upon the Holy Evangelists, upon the declaration, that the contract or other deed contained in the said declaration, was made or committed within the fair, and within the time of the fair , where he taketh his said action, and within the jurisdiction and bounds of the same fair.” In this court, no steward or other minister shall hold a Uea upon an action, at the suit of any person, unless the plaintiff, or his attorney, in the presence of the defendant, do swear, “ that the contract in the declaration, &c. was had and made during the time of the fair, and within the jurisdiction of the fair.” The steward in this court being the sole judge, can have no deputy ; because, as before, there are no suitors. The trial is by merchants and traders in the fair, and the judgment against the defendant shall be what the court adjudges by the way of amercement. Having thus given an abstract of the history and the practice of the Pie-powder Court, we shall sub¬ join a brief description of that annually held during Bartholomew Fair, in West Smithfield. After Itahere, in the reign of Henry I. had founded the priory of St. Bartholomew, he contracted many enemies, whose rancour was so venomous, that they conspired to take away his life ; the plot was discovered to Itahere by one of the conspirators, in time for him to apply to his sovereign for protection. The monarch not only granted that protection, but, to evince his good opinion of the persecuted prior, he granted to Itahere the prior, the canons of the church, and to the poor of the hospital, great privileges and immunities; and, among other, a fair at Bartholomew-tide for three days: the eve of the feast of St. Bartholomew, St. Bartholomew’s day, and the day following. This charter was granted in the year 1133, and confirmed by succeeding sovereigns. To this fair the clothiers and drapers of London, and other parts of England, constantly repaired to dispose of their commodities, and they exposed them on booths and standings in the churchyard within the priory, which, with its precincts, was enclosed on all sides by a strong wall, and gates which were locked and watched every night; the south part contained a large cemetery, with a spacious court or yard, now denominated Bartholomew Close, in which the fair was formerly held; the nortK and east sides of the convent were occupied by the priory garden ; but when, upon the increase of inhabitants, after the disso¬ lution of the priory those precincts and the garden were converted into streets, the fair * was removed into the more open space of Smithfield. Part of the beautiful cloister still remains on the south side ; but it is degraded by being converted into livery stables for horses. Edward IV. in the second year of his reign, by a beneficial charter to the city of London, granted, among other things, “ that a fair might be held for three days in the year, viz. the 7th, 8th, and 9th days of September ; and that they might, from time to time, have a court of Pie-powder, with all summons, attachments, &c. belonging to the same ; also that they might have a view of frankpledge, with all that thereunto appertained, &c.” King Henry VIII. by letters patent, gave and granted to Sir Richard Rich, Knight, his heirs and assigns for ever (among divers other lands and hereditaments), the site and capital messuage and mansion- house of the late monastery or priory of St. Bartholomew in West Smithfield, in the suburbs of the city of London, then dissolved; and also the close of the said late monastery or priory, called Great Sc. Bartholomew Close, and all the limits and precincts of the said close ; also all those closes, houses, and edifices, called the fermary, the dorter, the brother, the cloisters, the galleries, the hall, the kitchen, the buttery, the pantry, the old kitchen, the wood-house, the garnor, and the prior’s stable, of the said late monastery within the churchyard ; and all those houses, edifices, curtilages, gardens, void grounds, land and soil whatever, within the said Close of the said site of the late monastery or priory belonging ; and also all that water, and the aqueduct and water-course, coming and running from a certain place called the Conduit Head of St. Bartholomew, within the manor of Canbery, in the parish of Islington, in the county of Middlesex, unto and in the said site and close of the said late monastery or priory of St. Bar¬ tholomew ; and all the cisterns and pipes of lead in which, and through which, the same water and water¬ course was carried and led ; and the chief and principal origin and spring of the same water in Islington aforesaid, unto and in the said site of the said late monastery and priory, with liberty to cleanse and amend the same.” And by the said letters patent, His said Majesty further gave and granted unto the said Sir Richard Rich, Knight, his heirs and assigns, “ all that our fair and markets commonly named and called Bartho¬ lomew Fair, holden and to be holden every year within the aforesaid Close called Great St. Bartholomew Close, and in West Smithfield aforesaid, to continue yearly for three days, viz. on the eve of the day of St. Bartholomew the Apostle, and on the day of St. Bartholomew the Apostle, and on the morrow of the same day of St. Bartholomew the Apostle ; and also all the stallage, piccage, toll, and customs of the same fair and markets ; and also all our courts of Pie-powder within the fair and markets aforesaid holden and to be holden every year, at the time of the same fair and markets ; and all our rights, jurisdictions, authorities, privileges, offices, commodities, profits, and emoluments whatever, of such court of Pie-powder, or in any wise belonging, appertaining, incumbent, or appurtenant : and also all the scrutiny, amendment, and cor¬ rection of weights and measures whatsoever, in the fair and markets aforesaid, at the time of the same fair and markets, every year occupied and to be occupied ; and also the scrutiny of other things whatsoever, exposed to sale in the fair and markets aforesaid, at the time of the same fair and markets ; and also the assize and assay, and the amendment and correction of bread, wine, and ale, and other victuals what¬ soever, in the fair and markets aforesaid, at the time of the same fair and markets, exposed to sale ; and all and singular fines, amerciaments, forfeitures, issues and profits, and other rights, commodities, and emoluments whatever, within the said fair and markets, and of and in the aforesaid court of Pie-powder, and of the stallage, and piccage, and scrutinies aforesaid, from time to time happening, coming, arising, or growing; and also all other rights, jurisdictions, privileges, franchises, liberties, free customs, offices, authorities, exemptions, acquittances, commodities, profits, and emoluments whatsoever, to the said fair and markets in any wise belonging or appertaining, or by reason or pretence of the same fair and markets * The narrow street on the north side of the church received its denomination, Cloth Fair, from this circumstance. 3 heretofore being enjoyed or used, as fully, freely, and entirely, and in as ample and the like manner and form as William Bolton, formerly prior of the said late monastery or priory of St. Bartholomew or anv or either at his predecessors, priors of the same late monastery or priory, in right of the same 7 tery or priory, at any time before the dissolution of the same late monastery or priory, S it ™ late monastery or priory came to our hands, have or hath held or enjoyed, or in any wise ought to hove hold, and enjoy, such markets and fair, and stallage, piccage, tolls, customs, courts of Pie-powder snrntinv assize, assay, amendment, correction, fines, amerciaments, forfeitures, privileges, franchises liberties free customs offices authorities, exemptions, exonerations, acquittances, commodities, profits, and emolument* m the aforesaid Close called Great St. Bartholomew Close, and in West Smithfield aforesaid or in either of them, by reason or pretext of any charter, gift, grant or confirmation, or of any charters or letter* - or confirmations by us or any or either of our progenitors, kings of England, to the aforesaid Wiiliam Bolton, formerly prior of the said late monastery or priory of St. Bartholomew, or any or either ot his predecessors, priors of the same late monastery or priory, and the convent of the same late mona^ tery or priory m any wise made, or granted, or confirmed, or by reason or pretext of any prescrintiou or custom heretofore had or used, or otherwise, by whatsoever means, and as fully, and entirely and freely as all and singular the premises came to our hands by reason or pretext of the dissolution of the said W monastery or priory of St. Bartholomew, or by reason or pretext of any charter, or grant mft confirm. u”t er tpe conventual seal of the said late monastery or priory, or otherwise to us in 'any Vise made ot the fair aforesaid, and other the premises, or by reason or pretext of any act of Parliment or in what soever other manner, right, or title, have come, or ought to come, and in our hands now are, or ou-ht tO UG* ® It appears by the above charter that there were two fairs : one for the priory, and one for the citv • and it is very probable, that, at the dissolution of the priory, the fairs were consolidated* under the citv of London and the lord of the domains of the late priory,- f which domain was taken into the city iurisdic- tion from the following circumstance : 3 On the 15th of July 1606, James I. dined at Merchant Taylors’ Hall; on which occasion his eldest son, Prince Henry, was made free of that company. On that day, the King discharged a debt of 60 000/ contracted with the citizens by Queen Elizabeth, three years before her death ; fhe payment of which obtained King James more love than the value of the money. In the May following he applied for and recewed another loan of 63 00<M from them. And in ordet to confirm the citan" of ffion in th“ r love and affection for him, His Majesty granted them an advantageous charter: by which he was pleased to confirm all their ancient rights, liberties, and immunities, and added to their jurisdiction the precincts of Duke s Place, St. Bartholomew the Great and Less, Black and White Friars, and Cold Harbour. n Ciaf efS ?* granted Moorfields and West Smithfield to the city of London, with liberty to hoid fairs and markets m the said fields, with all tolls, profits, &c. thereunto belonging. To which grant is added this particular clause : ‘ We, our heirs or successors, will not erect, or cause to be erected, nor will permit or give leave to any person or persons to erect and build a new one, or any messuages, houses, structures edifices, in or upon the said field called Inner Moor, or the field called Outward Moor, or the said field Vl w? S lfeCH but7 rLat the said sePara,e Mds and places be reserved, disposed, and continued uch-hke common and public uses, as the same fields heretofore and now are used, disposed or converted to saving nevertheless and always reserving to us, our heirs and successors, all streetsf lanes and alleys tn fin/d W WfSte and ,™ld gr°und and places, as they are now within the city and liberties of the samJ), o hold and epjoy the said messuages, houses, edifices, court-yards, and all and singular the premises granted or confirmed or mentioned to be granted or confirmed, with all their appurtenances^ except ever to Sidin’ and colfmo™ % and citizens of the said city, and their successors for ever , to hold in fee and common burgage J and not in capite,§ or by knight’s service.” Att®r this period, and when luxury obtained ample dominion in the reign of Charles II. the lower classes of people, apemg the manners of their superiors, were involved in the vortex of sensuality and nordmate appetites ; it is not to be wondered at, therefore, that the vulgar drama kept paee with the ' more polite, or that Bartholomew fair should extend its vagaries from three days to a fortnight. it became, at length, little more than a snare for idle youth and disorderly Dersons and an annual “d ri0t’ *2 ‘I* W.*'"? «he M SZCndcomZa former limit oAhrP^ d a pr.evious effoi;ts’ succeeded m reducing the period of holding the fair to its ‘mitd three days, and at a court held in the month of June during that year the order was the present time^^1011 h°lding of the fair’ thouSh sometimes encroached upon, has continued to riot/and^e shorts* an 1 S66mS alwayS to W been a scene of great confusion and different l b,66n practised in the fair> fro™ the above time, have, at, to be, as gaminS formed a efiTef but' &t pr6Sen1’ ? is more free from complaint than it used beino- at the fair held in that^ f ^ ?fi tlie amusements . of the fair: particularly in the year 1719; there ° 11 116101 m that year> not less than twenty licensed dice and hazard tables permitted. commonalty of the city ofVo^don1 and confolldated by mutual agreement between the mayor and agreement was entered into between those mvh'r=° tu V j?onast®ry ! and that about the 32d of King Henry YI. 1454, an West Smithfield, should be appropriated toVe m ’ at Callage and piccage gathered and taken in certain parts of within the close of St. BartlVlomeV, and certain oXr Tm7’ ft th£ staUaSe. and piccage gathered and taken t It does not appear that the pnory wasereM fc’ 8>?U d pr}01\ ’ manor, oeionging to it. By a statute of 12 Charles II. all such tenures are abolished. 4 The amusement which the steward of the court granted licenses to people to exhibit in the fair, consisted of flying chairs, flying horses, puppet-shows, drolls, marble-boards, couler-boards, dice, hazard, and rowley-powley. About the year 1730, dice and hazard tables seem to have been prohibited, and those tables destroyed by the officers of the court. A few wild, or foreign animals, were then exhibited, and rope-dancing was also introduced. About 1735, the up-and-downs commenced. In the year 175G, the noted Flocton, the showman, made his appearance in the fair, as an exhibitor of a show called the Venetian Carnival. In 1757) dexterity of horsemanship took place ; and from that period, puppet-shows, pantomimes, wild beasts, dexterity of hand, and the imitation of theatrical performances, appear to have been the current amusements ; but of late, for about twenty years back, theatrical performances have been introduced, and are now exhibited with no little degree of splendour. We cannot close this article without noticing the wise regulations adopted in 1806, during the mayoralty of Sir James Shaw, Bart. It was proved by those regulations, that the usual shows and entertainments might be enjoyed by such as choose to resort to such places, without indecorum towards their persons, or injury to their property. Similar regulations should certainly claim the utmost attention of the magistracy, when the public safety is considered, and when it is considered also, what a vast revenue this fair produces to the city chamber. The court of Pie-powder for Bartholomew fair has, for many years past, been held at at a public-house called the Hand and Shears, the corner of Middle Street, Cloth Fair ; and it appears by the Lex Londinensis, and other ancient hooks, treating on the charter and liberties of London, that the two eldest clerks in the sheriffs’ court are attorneys in this court * for examining and trying all suits brought for petty matters and offences committed in the fair either by the traders who vend their goods, by the droils who exhibit their antics for the amusement of the vulgar, or by those who keep repositories for wild beasts, &c. as well as such who obtain the money of the thoughtless by means of games of chance, or such as infringe the following proclamation, delivered within the entrance into Cloth Fair, annually, before the lord mayor, or his principal officer : The Proclamation made on Bartholomew Eve (now the third Day of September) , by the Lord Mayor , at the great Gate going into Cloth Fair. “ The Right Honourable - , Lord Mayor of the city of London, and his right worshipful brethren the aldermen of the said city, straitly charge and command, on the behalf of our Sovereign Lord the King, that all manner of persons, of whatsoever estate, degree, or condition they be, having recourse to this fair, keep the peace of our Sovereign Lord the King. “ That no manner of persons make any congregation, conventicles, or affrays, by the which the same peace may be broke or disturbed, upon pain of inprisonment and fine, to be made after the discretion of the lord mayor and aldermen. “ Also, that all manner of sellers of wine, ale, or beer, sell not by measures unsealed, as by gallon, pottle, quart, and pint, upon pain that will fall thereof. “And that no person shall sell any bread, except it keep the assize ; and that it be good and wholesome for man’s body, upon pain that will follow thereof. “And that no manner of cook, pie-baker, nor huckster, sell or put to sale any manner of victual, except it be good and wholesome for man’s body, upon pain that will fall thereof. “And that no manner of person buy nor sell, but with true weights and measures, sealed accordin to the statute in that behalf made, upon pain that will fall thereof. “And that no person or persons take upon him or them, within this fair, to make any manner of arrest, attachment, summons, or execution; except it be done by the officers of this city thereunto assigned, upon pain that will befall thereof. “ And that no person or persons whatsoever, within the limits or bounds of this fair, presume to break the Lord’s Day, in selling, showing, or offering to sale, or in buying or offering to buy, any commodities whatsoever; or in sitting tippling or drinking in any tavern, inn, ale-house, tippling-house, or cook’s house, or in doing any other thing that may tend to the breach thereof, upon the pains and penalties contained in several acts of parliment, which will be severely inflicted upon the breakers thereof. “And, finally, that what persons soever find themselves grieved, injured, or wronged, by any manner of person in this fair, that they come with their plaints before the stewards in this fair, assigned to hear and determine pleas ; and they will minister to all parties justice according to the laws of the land, and the customs of the city.” * The judge of the court is the steward, for the time being, of the Right Honourable William Lord Kensington, who is a descendant of the family of Sir Richard Rich, Knight : to whom the grant of the dissolved monastery or priory of St. Bartholomew the Great, and the said market or fair, was made by King Henry VIII. The fair is usually pro¬ claimed, by the steward or officer of his Lordship, at twelve o’clock, on the eve of St. Bartholomew (old style) ; and upon that occasion, he is attended by a rabble of disorderly persons called Lady Holland’s mob, who, under the colour of greeting the return of the annual fair, commit many wanton excesses. The other officers of the court are : an associate, who, it is believed, was formerly the common serjeant of the city of London, or one of the attorneys of the mayor’s or sheriff’s court ; hut no associate has attended for many years ;t six serjeants at mace : two for the lord mayor, two for the Poultry Compter, two for Giltspur Street Compter, and a constable appointed by the steward of Lord Kensington to attend the court. f The records of the court, for nearly a century past, have been searched ; but it does not appear that any officer, either from the sheriff’s court, or mayor’s court, has attended. L G-J. M.WTiicJielo del* of nm Samfki, BiRrti ondoji, eubbMcdj :f January M/m IK THE COURT ie mourow .if™ Michaelmas day 1811 5 <Du tfj£ (SMftct of of Honbom Some circumstances which attend the presentation of the Sheriffs of London to the Court of the Exchequer, by which their election is confirmed, have in our day such an air of singularity, that it cannot be deemed impertinent to give some explanation of the very ancient practices to which we allude. The whole ceremony indeed (for a mere ceremony it has long been) originated in facts of so much importance in the municipal history of the metropolis, nay, even of the country, that we may be held excused for going yet farther— for endeavouring to trace it to the motives under which it was first ordained ; to show its immediate connexion with the stu¬ pendous system which governed our early ancestors ; and to rescue it’s serious cha- lacter and intention from the silly conceits and gross errors of vulgar misap¬ prehension. r Sheriffs, in common with the most of other public officers, were, previously to the Norman Conquest, elected by the people, and possessed within the spheres of their several jurisdictions an independent authority. Soon after that great event, the Crown assumed and exercised the power of appointing them, since nominally moderated by statutes which restored the old form of election, subject to the royal approbation. They became now, in many respects, the representatives of royalty in their respective districts : to them were intrusted the most ample, indeed almost discretionary, means of opposing all tumultuous assemblies, for the maintenance, according to the emphatic language of the law, of the King’s peace: they were the instiuments, under the immediate authority of the Crown, of embodying and arming, by a summary process, the military force of the whole kingdom. The Sheriffs of London/’ to use the words of an excellent and most rare little treatise on the ancient customs of London, printed in 1656, “pay, and are accountable yearly to the Exchequer of our Lord the King, for the farm of the said city, and of the county of Middlesex, according to the form of their charter, by occasion of which farm the said Sheriffs ought to have the ancient prizes and customs of the merchandises comino- within the said city, and going out, and forfeitures, fines, and amerciaments, and all other commodities of ancient time belonging to their said offices,” &c. 0 This passage is explained by the charter granted to the City by Henry the First, by which he demised the county of Middlesex to his citizens of London, “ by farm, for three hundred pounds upon account, to them and their heirs, so as the said citizens of London shall appoint a Sheriff, whom they please, of themselves, and a Justice to hold the pleas of his crown, which are to be pleaded for the same.” And one of the charters of King John, in his first year, grants to the citizens of London, “ the Sheriffwick of Middlesex, with all things and customs appertaining, within the city and without, paying yearly to the King and his heirs 300/. sterling blades, at the Exchequer; the one moiety at Easter, the other at Michaelmas and allows that the citizens may “ of themselves make Sheriffs whom they will, and remove them when they please and “ that they present those whom they make Sheriffs to our Justices, who may answer to us, as our Barons of the Exchequer, for the things belonging to the said Sheriffwicks, of which they ought to answer to us ; and if they do not fully answer and satisfy, the citizens of London are to answer and satisfy of the amerciament of the farm,” &c. This latter charter concludes — “ of that which belongs to the Sheriffwick the Sheriffs shall answer in our Ex¬ chequer, before our Barons, saving to the said Sheriffs the liberties which other citizens of London have.” The terms of the charters, by a sort of complaisance, as it should seem, to the city, scarcely afford any ground even for inference of the invariable feet, that the election of Sheriffs could be of no effect till it had been sanctioned by the royal approbation. It was, however, to obtain that ratification of their choice that the citizens were commanded to present those whom they had elected to the King, re¬ presented by the Barons of his Exchequer, by whom they were fully admitted to their offices, on their taking an oath of fidelity, “ ad respondendum Domino Regi ad Scaccarium pro civitate ;” or “ ad faciendum prseceptum Regis ;” or “ ad facien¬ dum Domino Regi quod alii Vicecomites facere debent,” &c. 