The history of Tom Jones, a foundling;
Fielding, Henry, 1707-1754
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K 1 *>• x0 o ■» A *<■ ^ as i|\\'^SA ~ o'v *r^ ^ '-<■'/' AST >, , .O' o0 o„ A W,,'. ^ "9. *.'v---.-o:>> a 9 1 A / am, °/, Nn°5 ^ ♦ » 1 ' * A0^ ' v , 9 > v'^aJ^ CA V s-^0/ ^. s ^jer< w. ^ ^ -A' > ^ z c aV^’ ^ o *v %>, - ,. ^ r0v c° '■ 'o 0X Va''.;'V \ X %'ur > 0 ; ss \ O, ' ^b ° N ^ *<£’ * * f®S^V ^r> a\ V l B f y v-y s * * r * <5 0^' toNSV<P ' * * S V a\ , V i « * y 0 * *. & . A . y)'A gk - J'fn^ jBppp: wS3yafe|i\\ Kg^jijv" mvawBI M1?/ fern nil '< ~:J*ritrfimf j®| <- ,1 wJw\ ^^sBI i 'ggwM, HBgl Portrait of Fielding ■ Original Etching by J. J. Calahan Illustrated Sterling Bdltlon THE HISTORY OF TOM JONES A FOUNDLING IN THREE VOLUMES Volume I. BY HENRY FIELDING BOSTON DANA ESTES & COMPANY PUBLISHERS rz 3 ,Y4ta ht ilo. ^fu « \»V V CONTENTS BOOK I. CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECES¬ SARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGIN¬ NING OF THIS HISTORY. CHAPTER I. PAGE The introduction to the work, or hill of fare to the feast . 17 CHAPTER II. A short description of Squire All worthy, and a fuller account of Miss Bridget Allworthy, his sister . 20 CHAPTER III. An odd accident which befel Mr. Allworthy at his return home. The decent behaviour of Mrs. Deborah Wilkins, with some proper animadversions on bastards . . 22 CHAPTER IV. The reader’s neck brought into danger by a description ; his escape ; and the great condescension of Miss Bridget Allworthy . . 26 CHAPTER V. Containing a few common matters, with a very uncommon observa¬ tion iinon them. Tom jones, vol. i. 30 11 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. PAGE Mrs. Deborah is introduced into the parish with a simile. A short account of Jenny Jones, with the difficulties and discouragements which may attend young women in the pursuit of learning . 31 CHAPTER VII. Containing such grave matter that the reader cannot laugh once through the whole chapter, unless perad venture he should laugh at the author . 36 CHAPTER VIII. A dialogue between Mesdames Bridget and Deborah containing more amusement, but less instruction, than the former . . 41 CHAPTER IX. Containing matters which will surprise the reader . 44 CHAPTER X. The hospitality of All worthy ; with a short sketch of the characters of two brothers, a doctor and a captain, who were entertained by that gentleman . 47 CHAPTER XI. Containing many rules, and some examples, concerning falling in love : descriptions of beauty, and other more prudential induce¬ ments to matrimony . 51 CHAPTER XII. Containing what the reader may, perhaps, expect to find in it .... . 56 l CHAPTER XIII. Which concludes the first book : with an instance of ingratitude, which, we hope, will appear unnatural . 60 CONTENTS. 111 BOOK II. CONTAINING SCENES OF MATRIMONIAL FELICITY IN DIFFERENT DE¬ GREES OF LIFE ; AND VARIOUS OTHER TRANSACTIONS DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS AFTER THE MARRIAGE BETWEEN CAPTAIN BLI- F1L AND MISS BRIDGET ALLWORTHY. CHAPTER I. PAGE Showing what kind of a history this is ; what it is like, and what it is not like . . . 64 CHAPTER II. Religious cautions against showing too much favor to bastards; and a great discovery made by Mrs. Deborah Wilkins . 66 CHAPTER III. The description of a domestic government founded upon rules di¬ rectly contrary to those of Aristotle . 69 CHAPTER IV.. Containing one of the most bloody battles, or rather duels, that were ever recorded in domestic history . 73 CHAPTER V. Containing much matter to exercise the judgment and reflection of the reader . . 79 CHAPTER VI. The trial of Partridge, the schoolmaster, for incontinency ; the evi¬ dence of his wiFe ; a short reflection on the wisdom of our law ; with other grave matters, which those will like best who under¬ stand them most . . * . 85 IV CONTENTS. CHAPTER VII. PAGE A short sketch of that felicity which prudent couples may extract from hatred : with a short apology for those people who overlook imperfections in their friends . 92 CHAPTER VIII. A receipt to regain the lost affections of a wife, which hath never been known to fail in the most desperate cases . 97 CHAPTER IX. A proof of the infallibility of the foregoing receipt, in the lamenta¬ tions of the widow ; with other suitable decorations of death, such as physicians, etc. , and an epitaph in the true style . 99 BOOK III. CONTAINING THE MOST MEMORABLE TRANSACTIONS WHICH PASSED IN THE FAMILY OF MR. ALLWORTHY, FROM THE TIME WHEN TOMMY JONES ARRIVED AT THE AGE OF FOURTEEN, TILL IIE ATTAINED THE AGE OF SEVENTEEN. IN TniS BOOK THE READER MAY PICK UP SOME HINTS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN. CHAPTER I. Containing little or nothing. 105 CHAPTER II. The hero of this great history appears with very bad omens. A little tale of so low a kind that some may think it not worth their no¬ tice. A word or two concerning a squire, and more relating to a gamekeeper and a schoolmaster . . . 107 CHAPTER III. The character of Mr. Square the philosopher, and of Mr.  necessary apology for the author ; and a childish inci¬ dent, which perhaps requires an apology likewise . 116 CHAPTER V. The opinions of the divine and the philosopher concerning the two boys ; with some reasons for their opinions, and other matters . . 120 CHAPTER VI. Containing a better reason still for the before-mentioned opinions. . . 126 CHAPTER VII. In which the author himself makes his appearance on the stage .... 130 CHAPTER VIII. A childish incident, in which, however, is seen a good-natured dis¬ position in Tom Jones . . . 132 CHAPTER IX. Containing an incident of a more heinous kind, with the comments of Thwackum and Square . 135 CHAPTER X. In which Master Blifil and Jones appear in different lights . 138 BOOK IV. CONTAINING THE TIME OF A YEAR. CHAPTER I. Containing five pages of paper 142 VI CONTENTS. CHAPTER II. PAGB A short hint of what we can do in the sublime, and a description of Miss Sophia Western . 145 CHAPTER III. Wherein the history goes back to commemorate a trifling incident that happened some years since ; but which, trifling as it was, had some future consequences . 149 CHAPTER IV. Containing such very deep and grave matters that some readers, per¬ haps, may not relish it. ... . . 152 CHAPTER V. • Containing matter accommodated to every taste . 150 CHAPTER VI. An apology for the insensibility of Mr. Jones to all the charms of the lovely Sophia; in which possibly wre may, in a considerable de¬ gree, lower bis character in the estimation of those men of wit and gallantry who approve the heroes in most of our modern come¬ dies . 163 CHAPTER VII. Being the shortest chapter in this book . . . 168 » CHAPTER VIII. A battle sung by the muse in the Homerican style, and which none but the classical reader can taste . 169 CHAPTER IX. Containing matter of no very peaceable color . . . 178 CONTENTS. • • vi 1 CHAPTER X. PAGE A story told by Mr. Supple, the curate. The penetration of Squire Western. His great love for his daughter, and the return to it made by her . . 179 CHAPTER XI. The narrow escape of Molly Seagrim, with some observations for which we have been forced to dive pretty deep into nature .... 185 CHAPTER XII. Containing much clearer matters ; but which flowed from the same fountain with those in the preceding chapter . 190 CHAPTER XIII. A dreadful accident which befel Sophia. The gallant behavior of Jones, and the more dreadful consequence of that behavior to the young lady ; with a short digression in favor of the female sex . . 194 CHAPTER XIV. The arrival of a surgeon. His operations, and a long dialogue be¬ tween Sophia and her maid . . . 197 BOOK V. CONTAINING A PORTION OF TIME SOMEWHAT LONGER THAN HALF A YEAR. CHAPTER I. Of the serious in writing, and for what purpose it is introduced . 205 CHAPTER II. In which Mr. Jones receives many friendly visits during his confine¬ ment ; with some fine touches of the passion of love, scarce visible to the naked eye. Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER III. Wliicli all who have no heart will think to contain much ado about nothing . .. CHAPTER IV. A little chapter, in which is contained a little incident CHAPTER V. A very long chapter, containing a very great incident. CHAPTER VI. By comparing which with the former, the reader may possibly cor¬ rect some abuse which he hath formerly been guilty of in the ap¬ plication of the word love .. CHAPTER VII. In which Mr. All worthy appears on a sick bed CHAPTER VIII. Containing matter rather natural than pleasing CHAPTER IX. Which, among other things, may serve as a comment on that saying of iEschines, that drunkenness shows the mind of a man, as a , mirror reflects his person. ”. PAGE 215 218 222 231 238 244 250 CHAPTER X. Showing the truth of many observations of Ovid, and of other more grave writers, who have proved, beyond contradiction, that wine . is often the forerunner of incontinency. 256 CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER XI. PAGE In which a simile in Mr. Pope’s period of a mile introduces as bloody a battle as can possibly be fought without the assistance of steel or cold iron . 260 CHAPTER XII. In which is seen a more moving spectacle than all the blood in the bodies of Thwackum and Blifil, and of twenty other such, is ca¬ pable of producing . 264 BOOK VI. CONTAINING ABOUT THREE WEEKS. CHAPTER I. Of love . 270 CHAPTER II. The character of Mrs. Western. Her great learning and knowledge of the world, and an instance of the deep penetration which she derived from those advantages . 273 CHAPTER III. Containing two defiances to the critics . 280 CHAPTER IV. Containing sundry curious matters . 285 CHAPTER V. In which is related what passed between Sophia and her aunt .... 288 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. PAGH Containing a dialogue between Sophia and Mrs. Honour, which may a little relieve those tender affections which the foregoing scene may have raised in the mind of a good-natured reader . 293 CHAPTER VII. A picture of formal courtship in miniature, as it always ought to be drawn, and a scene of a tenderer kind painted at full length .... 297 CHAPTER VIII. The meeting between Jones and Sophia . 302 CHAPTER IX. Being of a much more tempestuous kind than the former . . 304 CHAPTER X. In which Mr. Western visits Mr. Allworthy . 310 CHAPTER XI. A short chapter ; but which  the present occasion ; which none of her sex will blame, who are capable of behaving in the same manner. And the discussion of a knotty point in the court of conscience. . 323 CHAPTER XIV. A short chapter, containing a short dialogue between Squire Western and his sister. 328 CONTENTS. si BOOK VII. CONTAINING THREE DAYS- CHAPTER 1. PAGE A comparison between the world and the stage . . „ . 331 CHAPTER II. Containing a conversation which Mr. Jones had with himself . 335 CHAPTER HI. Containing several dialogues . . .... 338 CHAPTER IV. A picture of a country gentlewoman taken from the life . „ . . . . 344 CHAPTER V. The  of Sophia, and a more strange stratagem of Mrs. Honour . 357 CHAPTER VIII. Containing scenes of altercation, of no very uncommon kind ...... 362 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Portrait of Fielding. “He stood for some time lost in astonishment 11 “This so pleased the good squire that he DAUGHTER A KISS 11. The Battle Royal in the Churchyard Square Discovered in Molly Seagum’s Apartment Squire Western’s Rage with Tom Jones. PAGE Frontispiece . 22 GAVE HIS . 161 . 170 . 228 . 306 THE HISTORY OF TOM JONES. A FOUNDLING. BOOK I. CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS . NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY, CHAPTER I. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE WORK, OR BILL OF FARE TO THE FEAST. An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money. In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases ; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly dis¬ agreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them, How the contrary of this happens to the master of an ordinary. Men who pay for what they eat will insist on gratifying their palates, however nice and even whimsical these may prove ; and if everything is not agree¬ able to their taste will challenge a right to censure, to abuse, and to d — n their dinner without control. To prevent, therefore, giving offence to their customers 18 THE HIST OR Y OF by any such disappointment, it hath been usual with the honest and well-meaning host to provide a bill of fare which all persons may peruse at their first entrance into the house ; and having thence acquainted themselves with the entertainment which they may expect, may either stay and regale with what is provided for them, or may depart to some other ordinary better accommodated to their taste. As we do not disdain to borrow wit or wisdom from any man who is capable of lending us either, we have con¬ descended to take a hint from these honest victuallers, and shall prefix not only a general bill of fare to our whole entertainment, but shall likewise give the reader particular bills to every course which is to be served up in this and the ensuing volumes. The provision, then, which we have here made is no other than Human Nature. Nor do I fear that my sensi¬ ble reader, though most luxurious in his taste, will start, cavil, or be offended, because I have named but one article. The tortoise — as the alderman of Bristol, well learned in eating, knows by much experience — besides the delicious calibash and calipee, contains many different kinds of food ; nor can the learned reader be ignorant that in human na¬ ture, though here collected under one general name, is such prodigious variety that a cook will have sooner gone through all the several species of animal and vegetable food in the world than an author will be able to exhaust so extensive a subject. An objection may perhaps be ap¬ prehended from the more delicate, that this dish is too common and vulgar; for what else is the subject of all the romances, novels, plays, and poems, with which the stalls abound ? Many exquisite viands might be rejected by the epicure, if it was a sufficient cause for his contemning of them as common and vulgar, that something was to be found in the most paltry alleys under the same name. In reality, true nature is as difficult to be met with in authors TOM JONES: A FOUNDLING. 19 as the Bayonne ham, or Bologna sausage, is to be found in the shops. But the whole, to continue the same metaphor, consists ;in the cookery of the author ; for, as Mr. Pope tells us, “ True wit is nature to advantage drest ; "What oft was thought, but ne’er so well exprest.” The same animal which hath the honor to have some part of his flesh eaten at the table of a duke, may perhaps be degraded in another part, and some of his limbs gibbeted, as it were, in the vilest stall in town. Where, then, lies the difference between the food of the nobleman and the por¬ ter, if both are .at dinner on the same ox or calf, but in the seasoning, the dressing, the garnishing, and the setting forth ? Hence the one provokes and incites the most lam guid appetite, and the other turns and palls that which is the sharpest and keenest. In like manner, the excellence of the mental enter¬ tainment consists less in the subject than in the author’s skill in well dressing it up. Ilow pleased, therefore, will the reader be to find that we have, in the following work, adhered closely to one of the highest principles of the best cook which the present age, or perhaps that of Ileliogabalus, hath produced. This great man, as is well known to all polite lovers of eating, begins at first by set¬ ting plain things before his hungry guests, rising after¬ wards by degrees as their stomachs may be supposed to decrease, to the very quintessence of sauce and spices. In like manner, we shall represent human nature at first to the keen appetite of our reader, in that more plain and simple manner in which it is found in the country, and shall here¬ after hash and ragoo it with all the high French and Italian seasoning of affectation and vice which courts and cities afford. By these means, we doubt not but our reader may be rendered desirous to read on forever, as the great person no THE HIST OR Y OF just above-mentioned is supposed to have made some per¬ sons eat. Having premised thus much, we will now detain those who like our bill of fare no longer from their diet, and shall proceed directly to serve up the first course of our his¬ tory for their entertainment. CHAPTER II. A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF SQUIRE ALLWORTHY, AND A FULLER ACCOUNT OF MISS BRIDGET ALLWORTHY, HIS SISTER. In that part of the western division of this kingdom which is commonly called Somersetshire there lately lived, and perhaps lives still, a gentleman whose name was All worthy, and who might well be called the favorite of both nature and fortune ; for both of these seem to have contended which should bless and enrich him most. In this contention, nature may seem to some to have come off victorious, as she bestowed on him many gifts while for¬ tune had only one gift in her power ; but in pouring forth this, she was so very profuse, that others perhaps may think this single endowment to have been more than equiv¬ alent to all the various blessings which he enjoyed from nature. From the former of these, he derived an agreeable person, a sound constitution, a solid understanding, and a benevolent heart ; by the latter, he was decreed to the in¬ heritance of one of the largest estates in the county. This gentleman had in his youth married a very worthy and beautiful woman, of whom he had been extremely fond : by her he had three children, all of whom died in their infancy. He had likewise had the misfortune of burying this beloved wife herself, about five years before the time in which this history chooses to set out. This loss, however great, he bore like a man of sense and constancy, TOM JONES : A FO UNBEING. 21 though it must be confessed lie would often talk a little whimsically on this head ; for he sometimes said he looked on himself as still married, and considered his wife as only gone a little before him, a journey which he should most certainly, sooner or later, take after her ; and that he had not the least doubt of meeting her again in a place where he should never part with her more — sentiments for which his sense was arraigned by one part of his neighbors, his re¬ ligion by a second, and his sincerity by a third. He now lived, for the most part, retired in the country, with one sister, for whom lie had a very tender affection. This lady was now somewhat past the age of thirty, an era at which, in the opinion of the malicious, the title of old maid may with no impropriety be assumed. She was of that species of women whom you commend rather for good qualities than beauty, and who are generally called, by their own sex, very good sort of women — as good a sort of woman, madam, as you would wish to know. Indeed, she was so far from regretting want of beauty that she never mentioned that perfection, if it can be called one, without contempt ; and would often thank God she was not as handsome as Miss Such-a-one, whom perhaps beauty had led into errors which she might have otherwise avoid* ed. Miss Bridget Allworthy (for that was the name oi this lady) very rightly conceived the charms of person in a woman to be no better than snares for herself, as well as for others ; and yet so discreet was she in her conduct, that her prudence was as much on the guard as if she had had all the snares to apprehend which were ever laid for her whole sex. Indeed, I have observed, though it may seem unaccountable to the reader, that this guard of prudence, like the trained bands, is always readiest to go on duty where there is the least danger. It often basely and cow¬ ardly deserts those paragons for whom the men are all wishing, sighing, dying, and spreading every net in their 22 THE IIISTOR Y OF power ; and constantly attends at the heels of that higher order of women for whom the other sex have a more dis¬ tant and awful respect, and whom (from despair, I sup¬ pose, of success) they never venture to attack. Header, I think proper, before we proceed any farther together, to acquaint thee that I intend to digress, through this whole history, as often as I see occasion, of which I am myself a better judge than any pitiful critic whatever; and here I must desire all those critics to mind their own business, and not to intermeddle with affairs or works which no ways concern them; for till they produce the authority by which they are constituted judges, I shall not plead to their jurisdiction. CHAPTER III. A.N ODD ACCIDENT WHICH BEFELL MR. ALLWORTHY AT HIS RETURN HOME. THE DECENT BEHAVIOR OF MRS. DEBORAH WILKINS, WITH SOME PROPER ANIMADVERSIONS ON BAS¬ TARDS. I have told my reader, in the preceding chapter, that Mr. Allworthy inherited a large fortune ; that he had a good heart, and no family. Hence, doubtless, it will be concluded by many that he lived like an honest man, owed no one a shilling, took nothing but what was his own, kept a good house, entertained his neighbors with a hearty wel¬ come at his table, and was charitable to the poor, i.e ., to those who had rather beg than work, by giving them the offals from it ; that he died immensely rich and built an hospital. And true it is that he did many of these things ; but iiad he done nothing more I should have left him to have recorded his own merit on some fair freestone over the floor of that hospital. Matters of a much more extraordi- HE STOOD FOR SOME TIME LOST IN ASTONISHMENT TOM J ONES : A FO UNDLIXG. 23 nary kind are to be the subject of this history, or I should grossly mis-spend my time in writing so voluminous a work ; and you, my sagacious friend, might with equal profit and pleasure travel through some pages which cer¬ tain droll authors have been facetiously pleased to call The History of England. Mr. All worthy had been absent a full quarter of a year in London, on some very particular business, though I know not what is was ; but judge of its importance by its having detained him so long from home, whence he had not been absent a month at a time during the space of many years, lie came to his house very late in the evening, and, after a short supper with his sister, retired much fatigued to his chamber. Here, having spent some minutes on his knees — a custom which he never broke through on any account — he was preparing to step into bed, when, upon opening the clothes, to his great surprise he beheld an infant, wrapt up in some coarse linen, in a sweet and profound sleep, be¬ tween his sheets. lie stood sometime lost in astonishment at this sight; but, as good nature had always the ascendant in his mind, he soon began to be touched with sentiments of compassion for the little wretch before him. He then rang his bell, and ordered an elderly woman-servant to rise immediately and come to him; and in the meantime was so eager in contemplating the beauty of innocence, ap¬ pearing in those lively colors witli which infancy and sleep always display it, that his thoughts were too much engaged to reflect that he was in his shirt when the matron came in. She had indeed given her master sufficient time to dress himself ; for out of respect to him, and regard to decency, she had spent many minutes in adjusting her hair at the looking-glass, notwithstanding all the hurry in which she had been summoned by the servant, and though her master, for aught she knew, lay expiring in an apoplexy, or in some other fit. 24 THE HISTOR Y OF It will not be wondered at that a creature who had so strict a regard to decency in her own person should bo shocked at the least deviation from it in another. She therefore no sooner opened the door, and saw her master standing by the bedside in his shirt, with a candle in hi? hand, than she started back in a most terrible fright, and might perhaps have swooned away, had he not now recol¬ lected his being undrest, and put an end to her terrors by desiring her to stay without the door till he had thrown some clothes over his back, and was become incapable of shocking the pure eyes of Mrs. Deborah Wilkins, who, though in the fifty-second year of her age, vowed she had never beheld a man without his coat. Sneerers and pro¬ fane wits may perhaps laugh at her first fright ; yet my grave reader, when he considers the time of night, the summons from her bed, and the situation in which she found her master, will highly justify and applaud her con¬ duct, unless the prudence which must be supposed to at¬ tend maidens at that period of life at which Mrs. Deborah had arrived, should a little lessen his admiration. When Mrs. Deborah returned into the room, and was acquainted by her master with the finding the little infant, her consternation was rather greater than his had been ; nor could she refrain from crying out, with great horror of accent as well as look, “ My good sir ! what’s to be done?” Mr. Allworthy answered, she must take care of the child that evening, and in the morning he would give orders to provide it a nurse. “Yes, sir,” says she, “ and I hope your worship will send out your warrant to take up the hussy its mother, for she must be one of the neighborhood ; and I should be glad to see her committed to Bridewell, and whipt at the cart’s tail. Indeed, such wicked sluts cannot be too severely punished. I’ll warrant ’tis not her first, by her impudence in laying it to your worship.” “ In laying it to me, Deborah ! ” answered Allworthy : TOM J ONES : A FO UNDLIN G. 25 “ I can’t think she hath any such design. I suppose she hath only taken this method to provide for her child ; and truly 1 am glad she hath not done worse.” “ I don’t know what is worse,” cries Deborah, “ than for such wicked strumpets to lay their sins at honest men’s doors ; and though your worship knows your own innocence, yet the world is censorious ; and it hath been many an honest man’s hap to pass for the father of children he never be¬ got ; and if your worship should provide for the child, it may make the people the apter to believe ; besides, why should your worship provide for what the parish is obliged to maintain ? For my own part, if it was an honest man’s child, indeed — but for my own part, it goes against me to touch these mis-begotten wretches, whom I don’t look upon as my fellow-creatures. Faugh! how it stinks! It doth not smell like a Christian. If I might be so bold to give my advice, I would have it put in a basket, and sent out and laid at the church-warden’s door. It is. a good night, only a little rainy and windy; and if it was well wrapt up, and put in a warm basket, it is two to one but it lives till it is found in the morning. But if it should not, we have discharged our duty in taking proper care of it ; and it is, perhaps, better for such creatures to die in a state of innocence than to grow up and imitate their mothers; for nothing better can be expected of i them.” There were some strokes in this speech which perhaps would have offended Mr. Allworthy had he strictly at¬ tended to it; butlie had now got one of his fingers* into the infant’s hand, which, by its gentle pressure seeming to implore his assistance, had certainly outpleaded the elo¬ quence of Mrs. Deborah, had it been ten times greater than it was. He now gave Mrs. Deborah positive orders to take the child to her own bed, and to call up a maid-servant to provide it pap, and other things, against it waked. Such was the discernment of Mrs. Wilkins, and such the respect she bore her master, under whom she enjoyed a most excellent place, that her scruples gave way to his peremptory commands ; and she took the child under her arms, without any apparent disgust at the illegality of its birth ; and declaring it was a sweet little infant, walked off with it to her own chamber. Allworthy here betook himself to those pleasing slum¬ bers which a heart that hungers after goodness is apt to en¬ joy when thoroughly satisfied. As these are possibly sweeter than what are occasioned by any other hearty meal, I should take more pains to display them to the reader, if 1 knew any air to recommend him to for the procuring such an appetite. CHAPTER IV. THE READER’S NECK BROUGHT INTO DANGER BY A DESCRIP¬ TION ; HIS ESCAPE ; AND THE GREAT CONDESCENSION OF MISS BRIDGET ALLWORTHY. The Gothic style of building could produce nothing no¬ bler than Mr. Allworthy’s house. There was an air of grandeur in it that struck you with awe, and rivalled the beauties of the best Grecian architecture ; and it was as commodious within as venerable without. It 'stood on the southeast side of a hill, but nearer the bottom than the top of it, so as to be sheltered from the northeast by a grove of old oaks which rose above it in a gradual ascent of near half a mile, and yet high enough to enjoy a most charming prospect of the valley beneath. In the midst of the grove was a fine lawn, sloping down towards the house, near the summit of which rose a pleiv TOM JONES : A FO END LING. 27 tiful spring, gushing out of a rock covered with firs, and forming a constant cascade of about thirty feet, not carried down a regular flight of steps, but tumbling in a natural fall over the broken and mossy stones till it came to the bottom of the rock, then running off in a pebbly channel, that with many lesser falls winded along, till it fell into a lake at the foot of the hill, about a quarter of a mile below the house on the south side, and which was seen from every room in the front. Out of this lake, which filled the cen¬ tre of a beautiful plain, embellished with groups of beech¬ es and elms, and fed with sheep, issued a river, that for several miles was seen to meander through an amazing va¬ riety of meadows and woods till it emptied itself into the sea, with a large arm of which, and an island beyond it, the prospect was closed. On the right of this valley opened another of less extent, adorned with several villages, and terminated by one of the towers of an old ruined abbey, grown over with ivy, and part of the front, which remained still entire. The left-hand scene presented the view of a very fine park, composed of very unequal ground, and agreeably va¬ ried with all the diversity that hills, lawns, wood, and water, laid out with admirable taste, but owing less to art than to nature, could give. Beyond this, the country gradually rose into a ridge of wild mountains, the tops of which were above the clouds. It was now the middle of May, and the morning was re¬ markably serene, when Mr. All worthy walked forth on the terrace, where the dawn opened every minute that lovely prospect we have before described to his eye ; and now having sent forth streams of light, which ascended the blue firmament before him, as harbingers preceding his pomp, in the full blaze of his majesty rose the sun, than which one object alone in this lower creation could be more glorious, and that Mr. Allworthy himself presented — a human being TIIE IIISTOli Y OF 28 replete with benevolence, meditating in what manner he might render himself most acceptable to his Creator, by doing most good to his creatures. Header, take care. I have unadvisedly led thee to the top of as high a hill as Mr. Allworthy’s, and how to get thee down without breaking thy neck I do not well know. However, let us e’en venture to slide down together ; for Miss Bridget rings her bell, and Mr. Allworthy is sum¬ moned to breakfast, where I must attend, and, if you please, shall be glad of your company. The usual compliments having passed between Mr. All¬ worthy and Miss Bridget, and the tea being poured out, he summoned Mrs. Wilkins, and told his sister he had a present for her, for which she thanked him — imagining, I suppose, it had been a gown, or .some ornament for her per¬ son. Indeed, he very often made her such presents ; and she, in complacence to him, spent much time in adorning herself. I say in complacence to him, because she always expressed the greatest contempt for dress, and for those ladies who made it their study. But if such was her expectation, how was she disappointed when Mrs. Wilkins, according to the order she had received from her master, produced the little infant ! Great sur¬ prises, as hath been observed, are apt to be silent ; and so was Miss Bridget, till her brother began, and told her the whole story, which, as the reader knows it already, we shall not repeat. Miss Bridget had always expressed so great a regard for what the ladies are pleased to call virtue, and had herself maintained such a severity of character, that it was expect¬ ed, especially by Mrs. Wilkins, that she would have vented much bitterness on this occasion, and would have voted for sending the child, as a kind of noxious animal, immediately out of the house ; but, on the contrary, she rather took the good-natured side of the question, intimated some con pas- TOM JONES: A FOUNDLING. 29 sion for the helpless little creature, and commended her brother’s charity in what he had done. Perhaps the reader may account for this behavior from her condescension to Mr. All worthy, when we have informed him that the good man had ended his narrative with owning a resolution to take care of the child, and to breed him up as his own ; for, to acknowledge the truth, she was always ready to oblige her brother, and very seldom, if ever, con¬ tradicted his sentiments. She would, indeed, sometimes make a few observations, as that men were headstrong, and must have their own way, and would wish she had been blest with an independent fortune ; but these were always vented in a low voice, and at the most amounted only to what is called muttering. However, what she withheld from the infant she be¬ stowed with the utmost profuseness on the poor unknown mother, whom she called an impudent slut, a wanton hussy, an audacious harlot, a wicked jade, a vile strumpet, with every other appellation with which the tongue of virtue never fails to lash those who bring a disgrace on the sex. A consultation was now entered into how to proceed in order to discover the mother. A scrutiny was first made into the characters of the female servants of the house, who were all acquitted by Mrs. Wilkins, and with apparent merit ; for she had collected them herself, and perhaps it would be difficult to find such another set of scarecrows. The next step was to examine among the inhabitants of the parish ; and this was referred to Mrs. Wilkins, who was to inquire with all imaginable diligence, and to make her report in the afternoon. Matters being thus settled, Mr. Allworthy withdrew to his study, as was his custom, and left the child to his sister, who, at his desire, had undertaken the care of it. 30 THE HISTORY OF CHAPTER Y. CONTAINING A FEW COMMON MATTERS, WITH A VERY UN¬ COMMON OBSERVATION UPON THEM. When her master was departed, Mrs. Deborah stood si¬ lent, expecting her cue from Miss Bridget ; for as to what had passed before her master, the prudent housekeeper by no means relied upon it, as she had often known the senti¬ ments of the lady in her brother’s absence to differ greatly from those which she had expressed in his presence. Miss Bridget did not, however, suffer her to continue long in this doubtful situation ; for having looked some time earnestly at the child, as it lay asleep in the lap of Mrs. Deborah, the good lady could not forbear giving it a hearty kiss, at the same time declaring herself wonderfully pleased with its beauty and innocence. Mrs. Deborah no sooner observed this than she fell to squeezing and kissing, with as great raptures as sometimes inspire the sage dame of forty and five towards a youthful and vigorous bridegroom, crying out, in a shrill voice, “ O, the dear little creature ! — The dear, sweet, pretty creature ! Well, I vow it is as fine a boy as ever was seen ! ” These exclamations continued till they were interrupted by the lady, who now proceeded to execute the commission given her by her brother, and gave orders for providing all necessaries for the child, appointing a very good room in the house for his nursery. Her orders were indeed so lib¬ eral, that, had it been a child of her own, she could not have exceeded them ; but, lest the virtuous reader may condemn her for showing too great regard to a base-born infant, to which all charity is condemned by law as irre¬ ligious, we think proper to observe that she concluded the whole with saying, “ Since it was her brother’s whim to adopt the little brat, she supposed little master must be TOM JONES : A FO UN FLING. 31 treated with great tenderness. For her part, she could not help thinking it was an encouragement to vice ; but that she knew too much of the obstinacy of mankind to oppose any of their ridiculous humors.” With reflections of this nature she usually, as has been hinted, accompanied every act of compliance with her brother’s inclinations; and surety nothing could more con¬ tribute to heighten the merit of this compliance than a de¬ claration that she knew, at the same time, the folly and un¬ reasonableness of those inclinations to which she submitted. Tacit obedience implies no force upon the will, and con¬ sequently may be easily, and without any pains, preserved; but when a wife, a child, a relation, or a friend, performs what we desire, with grumbling and reluctance, with ex¬ pressions of dislike and dissatisfaction, the manifest difficul¬ ty which they undergo must greatly enhance the obligation. As this is one of those deep observations which very few readers can be supposed capable of making themselves, I have thought proper to lend them my assistance ; but this is a favor rarely to be expected in the course of my work. Indeed, I shall seldom or never so indulge him, unless in such instances as this, where nothing but the inspiration with which we writers are gifted can possibly enable any one to make the discovery. ♦ CHAPTER YI. MRS. DEBORAH IS INTRODUCED INTO THE PARISH WITH A SIMILE. A SHORT ACCOUNT OF JENNY JONES, WITH THE DIFFICULTIES AND DISCOURAGEMENTS WHICH MAY ATTEND YOUNG WOMEN IN THE PURSUIT OF LEARNING. Mrs. Deborah, having disposed of the child according to the will of her master, now prepared to visit those habi¬ tations which were supposed to conceal its mother. 