A supplement to the essay on horse-hoing husbandry. Containing explanations and additions both in theory and practice. Wherein all the objections against that husbandry, which are come to the author's kowledge are consider'd and answer'd. By Jethro Tull, Esq.; … 1740
Tull, Jethro
N 0 6, uu SS n L © © + 4. \Þ W ***S$2 <5 MN | eee i [ | li | = il 1 Sn N N Mul V — * \ [S] 1 0 l — — LL. uc 1410 — * ——— _— — All K * j CC DNS AP - | — / | — nila A  ; E | 5 — L 7 rH work 228228 „ae rr 2 22 i 1 _— 1 l 977.00 \ NY spat (IFN ROnnAt J \ . "Wo SI DN ? " * Y © \ D.C THI \ JOY n JJ JJ l Ne e DID N \ * 8 JCF JJ DIJ DV WY d& BI J N I N 55 TID W \ — rf R DSS N n \ 411þ "Mit; , n — 7 © 8 N þ Tl PERETTIERTIATY N WI * r Chap. XXV. Of the Ho-Plow, &c. I95 Ng. z. Is the Plank a-part, which by its Holes and prick'd Lines, | ſhew the different Manner of placing the Beam. a, a, a, a, are the four Holes for ſcrewing down the Limbers to the Plank. Suppoſing the Path of the Horſe to be a ſtreight Line, and the prick'd Line, h i (which is at right Angles with the Plank, and equidiſtant from tach Limber) to go exactly over it, without making any Angle on either Side of it; then the Beam muſt be plac'd at right Angles with the Plank, to the end that the Share may go parallel to the Horſe- Path, excepting that very ſmall Inclination that its Point has to the left, ſhewn by the prick'd Lines in Fig. 1. of Plate 1. But this Plow ſeldom follows the Horſe in that Manner. The faid prick'd Line h i generally makes An- ples with the Horſe-Path; elſe when the Beam ſtood near the left Limber, and the Draw- Pin near the right Limber in the Hole 9g. (which it muſt do to keep the Share parallel to the Horſe-Path) the Weight of the right End of the Plank and its Limber would be too heavy for the right Hand of the Holder to manage, and if the Draw-Pin be removed (ſup- poſe) to Hole 7. the Paralleliſm of the Share with the Horſe-Path will de loſt, and the Point of the Share may be inclin'd too much towards the left; and when a Furrow 1s to be plac'd on the right Side of the Horſe-Path, the Beam muſt be removed nearer to the Middle of the Plank, and the Draw-Pin muſt be placed on the left Side of the Beam, ſuppoſe to the Hole 2. This will bring the greateſt Part of the Plank to the right Side of the Horſe-Path, and then the Share ſtanding at right Angles wich the Plank, will make a very large Angle with the Horſe-Path, and then the P/aw will not perform at all. Therefore it being neceſſary that the Share always go parallel to the Horſe-Path, and often as neceſſary that the Plank go at oblique Angles to the Horſe-Path; it follows then that the Beam ftand ar oblique Angles with the Plank, to preſerve the Pa- rallellifin to the Horſe-Path, and this cannot be done but by the Holes which are ſhewn under the prick'd Lines which croſs the Plank. The Holes A, B, C are thoſe to one of which the Beam is ſcrew'd up by its Hole G, in Fig. 2. Theſe Holes are made as near to the hinder Edge of the Plank, as they can ſafely be, without Danger of tearing but; which is generally about an Inch diſtant from the ſaid Edge. Every one of theſe Holes are anſwer'd by three others, near the fore Edge of the Plank, as the Hole B has at the fore Edge of the Plank, the Holes D, E, F. D, E belong to the Hole I of the Beam Fig. 2. Theſe two Holes are made as near together as they can be without breaking into one another. F anſwers the Hole H in Fig. 2. and is made between D and E, as near them as ſafely it can. When the Beam is ſcrew'd up at B and F, and makes the ſame An- gles with the Plank, as the prickd Line B C doth; then the Draw- Pin ſtanding in the Hole 8 or 9. will bring the Plow fo much to the left, that the Share will point too much towards the right; then Temove the fore End of the Beam to the Hole D, and then the Beam will make the ſame Angle with the Plank as the prick'd Line c d, vhich may bring the Share to be parallel to the Horſe-Path nearly enough; but if the Draw-Pin ſhould be plac'd in the Hole 1. then the Plank would go fo much on the right of the Horſe-Path, that the Share would point vaſtly too much towards the left, ſtanding in either of theſe two Pofitions ; therefore the foremoſt Pin muſt be removed to the Hole E, and then the Beam being at the ſame Fi a with the Plank as the prick'd Dd | Line — 7 — — — 22 ad - - - 1 y 1 2% * — 4 - — * 2 , „ _ 4 * *. — — — » — — 2 _ —— - — 4  — — — — = __ r Ws ial + op - 7 0 es — _— CTY” _ P _  * * * — 4 5 — — 0 — 2 — : „„ 2 — - 2 -. n y 222 RET Oe G » e — — 1 * — — — * 4 jr — — by L — * — — - cy; $4 a * 45 os : Moon — ä—é— —— —⅛ê3 — 2—— 2s —— —— a - — #2 X * 4 2 . . — TT a C — = 4 _ ae - - —ð — — 196 Of the Ho-Plow, &. Chap. XXV. || Cl Line f g, it may be parallel to the Horſe-Path, or ſo nearly, that by re- on moving the Draw-Pin one Hole, it may be made perfectly ſo. | Note, That tho' here are but nine Holes for the Draw-Pin, yet we uſu- ally make many more in our Planks, and ſometimes: by changing the I toc Draw-Pin either Way into another Hole, tho' that Hole be but an Inch ne: diſtant from the former, the Share is brought right without any Incon- the venience. / 5 | | 1 Set t 5 The Holes A and C have each of them their oppoſite Holes which, Ho (when the Beam is plac'd into either of the two) have the ſame Effect, for Þ wa keeping the Share parallel to the Horſe-Path, as the Hole B and its three Y oppoſite Holes have; and if either of the Holes belonging to A, B or C ſhould not bring the Beam ſufficiently oblique to the Plank, for the Share to be parallel to the Horſe-Path, when the Draw-Pin is in ſome one par- ticular Hole, then there may be another Hole bor'd before, on the right or left, for the fore Pin to paſs thro by the Hole Hof the Beam Fig. 2. which will incline the Beam a little more to the right er left, as Occaſion * E oy * Plank was revers d, may be one. Theſe may ſet the Beam at different Angles from any of the firſt Holes; fo that there may be at one End of Stri. the Plank fix Syſtems of Holes, three on the one Side, and three on the ſtrei other; and if we have a Mind to make yet more various Poſitions of the beſic Plow, we may turn the Plank, End for End, and there make fix different Draz Syſtems of Holes. | „ | Thi! But inſtead of turning the Plank, it would be better to have a fourth Gro Hole in the Beam, ſtanding as near to the hinder Hole as H doth to the If fore Hole; to anſwer which fourth Hole, there may be two Holes in the fecor Plank, one at each Side of the hinder Hole of every Syſtem. at proper I V Diſtances, to fer the Plow ſtill at more different Angles with the Plank; I of 1 and theſe, I believe, will be more convenient for the Purpoſe than the dif-. Furr ferent Holes in the fore Part of the Plank, it being eaſier to remove the terva hinder Screw than the fore Screw; becauſe if the Plank and Limbers are the not held up by ſomebody, whilſt the fore Pin is out, their Weight will whic wrench our the hinder Hole of the Plank by that Screw; but whilſt the of th hinder Screw is out, there is no Need of holding up the Plank, becauſef turni its Weight bearing upon the Beam, cannot - injure the foremoſt Hole at d, whilſt the Limbers bear upon the Horſe. Upon this Account, I wonde!f them. we had not made the Holes, for changing the Poſition of the Beam, make the hinder Part of the Plank rather than the fore- Part; which convincelYÞÞ the 1 me that new Inſtruments are ſeldom perfect in che Beginning. hangi We can alſo alter the Standing of the Beam, by cutting away th the l. Wood on one Side of a Hole, and placing a Wedge on the oppoſite Sidi right of the Pi. © £ The Holder may make ſome Alteration in the Going of the Plow b the Handles. 7 711 © | The Reaſon we never ſet the Beam on the right Half of the Plank, that the Plow always turns its Furrow towards the right Hand; af the ſtreight Side of the Share and the Coulter never go ſo near to a Ro 0 ] © CP % of SM Chap. AXIV. Of the Ho Plau. 197 on the right Hand, by the Breadth of two Furrows, as it does to a Row on the left Hand. 8 0 ATE It by the Drawing of the fore Horſe or Horſes, the Pho ſhould bear too hard upon the Thiller, it may be help'd by making a Row of Holes near the hinder Side of the Plank, for the Draw-Pin, inſtead of thoſe in the Middle; for the farther backwards the Draw-Pin is pl:ic'd, the leſs will the Limbers bear on the Thilter, etpecialy when drawn by more Horſes than one; becauſe the fore. Horſes draw the Limbers more down- wards than the Thiller doch, as may be ſcen in Fig. 4. 5 Fig. 4. Shews the Manner how the Ho-Plow is drawn, and how the Traces are fix'd to it. The Traces of both Horſes are faſten'd to the Notches of the Ends of the Whipper at a and b. The Traces of the Thiller by their tore Part are faſten'd to a Hook, or Ring, on the Wood of the Collar, as is uſual for other Thillers, and the fore Part of the next Horſe's Traces is faſten'd to his Collar, in like Manner; but theſe Traces being twice as long as thoſe of the Thiller, muſt be held up in the Middle by a Piece of Cord or Chain, as at c, where one End of it is faſten'd to the Trace, and paſſes over, the Top of the Collar, behind one of the Hames, and before the other (to keep it from ſlipping back- wards or forwards) its other End is faſten'd to the oppolite Trace on the other Side, as this End is at c. This prevents the Chain from falling down, and getting under the Horſe's Legs in turning; but beware that this String or Chain be not ſo ſhort as to hold up the Traces higher than their ſtreight Line; for that would preſs upon the Collar, and gall the Thiller, beſides occafioning the Pl to be drawn too much upwards; for this Drawing of the fore Horſe by | a different Line from that of the Thiller, is a great Advantage for keeping the Plow the firmer into the Ground. , | If there 1s another Horſe, his Traces are faſten'd at the Collar of the ſecond, in the ſame Manner as in drawing of a Waggon. This 198 Of the Ho-Plow, &. Chap. XXV. This Way my Turnep-Seed has been ho'd, when one wou'd 1 thought it impoſſible for a Plow and Horſes to go betwixt the Rows with. out deſtroying the Crop. Almoſt in this Manner we give our Wheat the laſt Hoing, to turn the Furrow a ſecond Time towards the Row, When the Plants of the Rows are very high, the Driver muſt go in the next Interval, on the left of the Plow, and the Holder has a Cord, like che Reins of a Bridle, which he lays over the End of the Draw-Pin, which keeps it from falling down, until he has Occaſion to ule it for Guiding | or Turning the Thiller. | When we turn the Furrow from the Row, (which will then be ever on the left Side of the Plow) the Plow mult be ſet in a very different and contrary Poſture; but then the Plants commonly being low, there is no Danger of the Whipper's or Limber's hitching or taking hold of them; but the Driver muſt take Care that he does not tread on them, nor ſuffer any of the Horſes to do ſo, and they of themſelves when they are not blind take all the Care they can to avoid it; and I obſerve that th — Plants are oftener injur'd by the Driver, than by the Horſes. Tis in this laſt mention'd Manner of Hoing, when we go very near to the young Plants, the firſt or ſecond Time, that we muſt take Care of burying them with the Earth, which (eſpecially) when dry and fine is | apt to run over to the left Side of the Pow; this we can in great Mea- | ſure prevent, when the Ground is clean, by nailing with three or four Nails a very thin ſquare Piece of Board to'the Sheat, with one Corner bearing at a, in Fig. 1. and its other lower Corner bearing on the Back of the Coulter on its left Side at b, its upper Corner reaching to c, or higher; its fore End is ty'd on to the Coulter by a leathern Thong paſſing thro a Hole very near the End of the Board, the lower Edge of the Board muſt | come no lower than the prick'd Line a, b which is juſt level with the Surface of the Ground before it is rais'd by the Share; for if this Board ſhould be ſet down too near the Share, the Pom would not go; but being ſer in this Manner, it prevents the Earth (when never ſo much pulveriz d in the dryeſt Weather) from running over upon the Plants to bury them tho' the Plow go very near them; except in this Caſe we never uſe a Board, the Earth running over to the left Side, being often advantageous in Hoing; for it changes more Surface of the Ground, than if it went all to the right, and when in Summer we hoe from the Wheat Rows, not going very near to the grown Plants, this Earth that runs over the Share to the left, helps to mend ſuch Places where the Furrow was not thrown -up cloſe enough to the Row by the precedent Hoing. The firſt Time we turn a Furrow towards the Row, the Horſes go ! the Trench near to it, and the Plow ſtands on the left Side of the Horſe Path, almoſt in the ſame Manner as when the Furrow is firit turn'd fro the Row; but we very often make Uſe of a common Plow, for throwing down the Ridge which has lain all the Winter in the Middle of the Inter val. One Wheel going on each Side of that Ridge, holds that Plow to- great Exactneſs for ſpliting this Ridge into Halves, which the Earth Board, being ſet out for that Purpoſe, throws up to the Row on each Sid of the Interval. We alſo very often make Uſe of the two-wheel'd Phw, for raiſing u the Ridges, whereon we drill the Rows; not but that the Ho-Plow vi do every Thing that is neceſſary to our Huſbandry, yet the _ have for he would Fig J: ling but af they I let to tunnin him o bis Ce go in Pairs. I ſa hey hi above nd Oct their N Fig. | ently di trait, v ery dit make, Chap. XXV. Of th: Ho Plom, &c. I99 Plots being heavier than we uſually make our Ho-Plowws, they by their Weight and Help of their Wheels go a little ſteadier, and beſides the Plowmen being more accuſtom'd to them prefer them before all other, where their Whcels are of no Prejudice. | I never ſaw neater Ridges rais'd by any Plow, than by the To-Plao, nor finer Flowing; and I believe that were it made as heavy and as ſtrong, it would outdo the Swing-Plow, in plowing miry Clays, where Pl Wheels cannot go; but I having no ſuch Land, have never made any Ho- Plow heavy enough for it. However I am convinc'd, by the many Trials which J have ſeen, that no other Plow can be uſed for every Horſe- hoing Operation, ſo effectually as this I have now deſcrib'd. The making the Ho-P/w is not difficult for a good Workman ; and a few of the Holes tor letting the Beam are ſufficient, provided they are made in their proper Places, which is impoſſible for me to deſcribe exact! in a Number that is no more than neceſlary; becauſe the Diſtance the Ph muſt go from the Horſe-Path on either Side, is uncertain, as the Largeneſs or the Depth of the Furrow is; and for that Reaſon, tis as impoſſible for me to direct the Plowman to the particular Angles, at which his Beam muſt be ſer with the Plank, to keep the Share parallel to the Horſe-Path; as it is to direct a Fidler, how far he muſt turn his Pegs to give his Strings their due Tenſion, for bringing them all in Tune, which without a Pe to each String could never be done; bur when he has his juſt Number of Pegs, his Ear will direct him in turning them, till his Fiddle is in Tune; ſo the Plowman by his Eyes, his Feeling, and his Reaſon, muſt be directed in the ſetting his P/ow; but without a competent Number of Holes, he can no more do it than a Muſician can tune four Strings upon t one Peg. And I am told that ſome Pretenders to making the Ho-Plow, yo have fix d its Bottom to the Plank immovable, which makes it as uſeleſs rd! a for hoing betwixt Rows, as a Violin with but one Peg to its four Strings, as A would be for playing a Sonata. 2 0 Fig. 5. Shews the Sort of Yoke, that is us'd on every Ox that draws in MA: fingle File, as they always muſt when they work with the Ho-Plou; © a but after they have been accuſtom'd to draw double (i. e. two a-breaſt) OV» they muſt be practis'd for about a Week to draw ſingle, before they are all kt to Hoing; for otherwiſe they will be apt to demoliſh the Rows, one m0 running off to the right Hand, expecting his Fellow to come up with fare him on the left, and another will run off on the left to make Room for owuß bis Companion to go a- breaſt with him on the right, endeavouring to 1 go in the Manner in which they us'd to be placed for drawing in Pairs. | | I ſuppoſe I need not give any Caution about muzzling the Oxen when they hoe; becauſe they will eat the Plants as ſoon as they come an Inch above the Ground, and that will ſhew the Neceſſity of it; but there is no Occaſion to muzzle the Horſes until the Plants are grown as high as their Noſes, when rein'd up as in Fig. 4. Fig. 6. Is an Inſtrument of Pulveration, which might have been ſuffici- FWeitly deſcrib'd by its Matter, Weight, and Dimenſions, without any Por- trait, were it not to ſhew the particular Manner of drawing it, being my different from that of a common Roller, whoſe Frame 1s difficult to a make, and coſtly; but this being only three Foot long, is drawn by a Be ſimple — IT — * ä ae vgs org —ͤ 1 — bn A IT io ue» » ry — ; — — 7 _ — — * — ** - _ _ N 1 * . . — r . * 8 _— Of the Ho-Plow, &c. Chap. XXV. ſimple Pair of Limbers, held together by the two Bars A and B, firmly vin's | Fes 3 IF my 2 LA 1 in 2 5 is vals; allo the hinder Ends of the Limbers, behind the Gudgeon, ſhoulg | in at their Ends. Its Gudgeons muſt not come out beyond the outer Surface of the Lim. bers, leſt they ſhould take hold of the Plants, when drawn in the Inter- crook a little downwards, for the ſame Reaſon. This Stone Cylinder is rwo Foot; and a Half diameter, and weighs N eleven hundred Weight beſides the Limbers. It muſt never be us'd bur in the dryeſt Weather, when neither the Plow nor Harrow can break the Clods; and then being ſo very ponderous and ſhort, it cruſhes them to Powder, or into ſuch very ſmall Pieces, that a very little Rain, or even the Dews (if plentiful) will diſſolve them. IT have had great Benefit by this Roller in preparing my Ridges for Turneps. The Weather proving dry at Midſummer (which is the beſt | Seaſon for planting them) the Land was in Pieces like Horſe - Heads, ſo that there was no Hopes of reducing them fit for planting with Turneps ; that Year; the Clods being ſo very large, that they would require ſo ma- ny Viciffitudes of wet and dry Weather to ſlack them; but this Inſtry- | ment cruſh'd them ſmall, and the Plow following it immediately, the Ridges were harrow'd and drill'd with very good Succeſs. I have alſo made uſe of it for the fame Purpoſe in the Middle of a | cloddy Field, where it pulveriz'd the Clods fo effectually, that the Benefit | of it might be plainly diſtinguiſh'd by the Colour and Strength of the | two following Crops, different from the other Parts of the Field adjoining | on both Sides, whereon the Roller was not drawn. But cruſhing has ſuch a contrary Effect from ſqueezing, that if this Roller ſhould be us'd when the Land is moiſt, id would be very perni- cious, by unpulverizing it, of which I am fo cautious, that ſometimes 1 | let the Roller lie ſtill for a whole Year together. There is alſo a long triangular Harrow, which is ſometimes uſeful in the Intervals when the Earth is of a right Temper betwixt wet and dry; but there is no need to deſcribe it, and I ſcarce uſe it once in two or three Years. | The Diameters of the wooden and iron Pins and Screws, with their Holes, and the Sizes of the Nails to be made uſe of in all the deſcrib'd | Inſtruments, I leave to the Diſcretion of the Workmen, who, if they are Maſters of their ſeveral Trades, cannot be ignorant of ſuch Matters. 110 7. and Fig. 8. Shew the Lands of Turneps mention'd in Pages I and 2. En 5 | INDEX 14 J 5 Ms 1 „ wu * 5% 78 1. Fig. 7 * * "I. by; £4 Ee. 9 - =: " 2 1 * N by f £3 875 x 2» bet y 15 * 3 2 i | bY. a Ws fg 2 > 4 8 Ip J 4 : 2 * AN : J * TO THE Fe) KW \ EE — 4 r o | 8 * ö | | | + FRA. . 8 Page 158. 4 2 9 154, 159, 188. 1 IG, 1 Page 139, 141, 143, 10 157. be | 144, 145, 146, 193, 193. at * by | 2 140, 145, 146. * | _ * 13 ibid. 4 : n 14 ibid. 1 c ibid. 15 bbid. * 6 141, 142. | | 5 7 141. P dr 8 ibid. in 9 148. :: Fig. T Page 149, 150, 15 f. 5 10 ibid. 2 150. A 11 ibid. 3 149, 157. 12 ibid. 4 156. 13 ibid. 5 ibid. wy 14 ibid. 6 ibid. pt "Be ibid. 7 ibid. | 16 143, 144, 145. 8 1 855 17 . 9 ibid. 855 = 144. 10 158. 19 45. 1 8 PLATE IV. PLATE II. Fig. 1 Page 166, 168, 169, W | — "4D XI big, I Page 147, 148. * 166, 167. 2 147, 454. 3 26. 3 148, 149, 180, 152, 4 2 1 5 167, 168. 4 1 6 168. 5 | 153, 159, 191. 7 ibid. | 6 154. 8 ibid. 7 ibid. 9 170. a0 — — — — —— ee  11 I 172. 12 Pee + 13 175, 170. KT: 175, 179. T5 173, 174, 175, 176, 177. . 176, 198, 17 | 176, 179, 190. _— 177. * ibid. * ibid. t 21 171, 178, 179, 183. 3 | ak, 23 178. 24 179 25 183. Pie. a MT Ob. NZ CPLATE YV. Fig, x Page 184, 185, 186. * ir 3 7 PLATE YL Page 193, 193. | | 194, 195. 95,97. Fg $ 197. , 99. j ibid. ö 200. rinnt — 2225255 2222722227 5282 2 0 ere 7777 li | *. - * 2 * ", I 0 li WNT |; | Aga f un j j | 1 n WIR inn = Ann | | I | 5 5 | | al. — [oY =, == © Sumo i fl y i J W 10 Pu it Atte . rr kg — 5 . 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DP 80 0 ©060000 0 060% „ 0 + 0 { © ©0 0 „ © 0 „ „ 06 »* + + „ v» © 0 | 4 —ͤ—k—m 600 000 % „% „%%% „% 020060 © „ „ „„ „ 00 0 6 . TY Is ye S244 29 %v © * % + © „„ „ „ . © 2 2 © 0 „ „ os — — — — * 4 1 4 1 f 1 1 J 1 1 A SUPPLEMENT Io the ESSAY on HORSE-HOING HUSBANDRY. | CONTAINING Explanations and Additions both in Theory and Practice. WHEREIN All the Objections againſt that Husbandry, which are come to te Author” 5 Knowledge are conſider d and anſwer d. Irn = _— The SECOND EDITION. I, 2 N D O N: printed for = Sold by the AUTHOR: And may be had at Mr. Tovey's at the 3 al Oak in New Palace Tard; Mr. Woodward's in FS ng Mr. Mzlar's in the Strand; Mr. Brindley's in New Bond. ſrect, and Mr. Siraban's over r-againſ the Royal Lixchange. M. DCC. XL. i 4 95 ws GAS AR. FA ppb 3 n e 8 iz; +4 We el iF 9: ay 1 NS. Canes bt. 4 A 2 8 , 408; 3 1 Nr be 3 5 Bo E a * 25 N 1 93 ö * 1 + * *. me #1 Vf os pe 1 4 1 * N 1 es 4 — is FAY 'F, That 1 8 * * 95 e x9 O 882 * AN A 3-3 20-58 "Ads -- J = $ —_— bo IP 1 jo. nes ne IM q + IT. — — 285 i 2-4;3*-D v9 * 1 * & * od 3 8 PS. ER 9 13 ES. WY, IS 2s ES, IK LA EEG; 3 OY * bh Ee 8 . 37 «4. * » 8 5 * Bats Es N 25M 5 8 „ gf 4 2 Rf 1 2 5 9 5 3 = : 2 oY 3 4. N I VVV VVV LO A II LA eee ADVERTISEMENT. In the following Supplement I have ſet the Number of the Page and Line before each Note, to ſb:zw from whence it was taken; ſo that 57 a Line be drawn with a tied Pencil, under the ſame Words in the Eſſay, and figured in the Margin, theſe Notes will be as uſeſul to the Reader, as if they had been printed at the Bottom of the Pages to which they reſpectively belong. The ſcurrilous Authors, whoſe Objeftions I here anſwer, having broke through * 8. all Rules of Decency and Good Manners, I am obliged to no Terms with them, eſpecially as they endeavour to fix Scandal upon Me by Name ; and I mention Them only as nameleſs unknown Perſons. Their T Volymes, conſiſting of Seventeen Parts, in Advertiſements, Dedi- cations, eden Prefaces, and Eſſays, differently paged, and ſome not paged at all, makes it very troubleſome go quote them by their long Title of The Practical Husbandman and Planter, and world tak? up too much of my Time and Paper; therefore I often uſe the fingle Word Equivocus for the who!e collective Body F that Quibbling Latent Society. Jam ſorry their conduct ſhould Compel me io take Notice f their ſlanderous Scurrility, &c. They have ſo blacken'd themſelves with their own Ink, that I would rather hide from my Reader the diſagreeable Sight, if I did not think it neceſſary to be ſhewn for avoiding a Publick Miſchief. — NOTES to the foregoing ESSAY. AGE 1. Line 12. Single and Perpendicular.) In this Manner deſcends the firſt Root of every Seed; b but of Corn very little, if at all, deeper than the Earth is tilled. | | Tnheſe firſt Seed-Roots of Corn die as ſoon as the other Roots come out near the Surface, above the Carin, and therefore this tirtt is not called a Tap- Root; but yet ſome of the next Roots that come out near the durface of the Ground, always reach down to the Bottom of the pulveriz d Staple; as may be ſeen, if you carefully examine it in the Spring time; but this firſt Root in Saint-ioin becomes a Tap Root. P. 2. L. 8. But the Row B, which was next to the Land E, grew much larger yet. ] A like Oblervation to this on the Land E, has been made in ſeveral T urnep Fields of divers Farmers, where Lands adjoining to the Turneps have been well tilled, all the Turneps of the contiguous Lands that were within three or our Foot, or more, of the newly pulveriz'd Earth, received as great, or greater Increaſe, in the Manner my Rows B CD did; and what is yet a greater Proof of the Length of Roots, and of the Benefit of deep Hoing, all theſe Turneps have been well hand-ho'd ; which is a good Reaſon why the Benefit of the deep Pulveration ſhould be perceivable at a greater Diſtance from it than mine, becauſe my Turneps not be- ing hoed at all, had not Strength to ſend out their Roots through ſo many Foot of unpulveriz d Earth, as meſe can through their Earth pulveriz'd by the Hoe, tho' but ſhallowly. | | This Obſervation, as 'tis related to me, (I being unable to go far enough to ſee it myſelf) ſufficiently de- monſtrates the mighty Difference there is between Hand-hoing and Horſe-hoing. | | „ 50. Ly 7. L. 3. And receive in Return from them, a ſhare Food, &c.) They receive it by their Capil- p 7 vap Veſſels, after it has been purify d and prepared by the Leaves fit for nouriſhing all Parts of the of 7. L. 11. From the moiſt Earth above in the Trough.) "Tis certain, that Roots and other Chyle-Veſ- 0! a Plant have a free Communication throughout all their Cavities, and the Liquor in them will run G88 | | towards 1 1 I c - i - 7 1 % + * 5 p 1 f [ 41 | 4 "i : | | : 4 1% I 4! 14 5 1 9 N. p 4 4 11 4 i : ' 5 1 e , 41 * v q : 1 1. TS 153 18 13 — F \ is 1% 4 ; : : 3 3 4 $418 . 1 is 1 R J q > 1 4 : 1 1 } : " 17 1 + / a N 117 Y ; 1 1 " : 5 ' 1 : f n 1 N i bs tet} 1 1 1 *$ s * , 4 1 1 q 10 : g MH i : f . 1 | 7 $4 \ 4 l g j . "3 IN. it BEN . &'. 38 4 + $$ -2 7 1 17” £ £ 2 6 4 vs 'T - * 1 1 18 1 Y 4 ! . Ti + : : 17 "2: 3 448 » 3; 87 1 AFL : f : "4 w i *  is 11 19. ; - 8 1 ne 1 th * 8 i | i $1 [7 4 i333 M8 7 ol 289 : 0 34 A J 1 2 A. = += © 1 HY | = - : . _ 0 5 * . 2 — — — e eto 4 — p : RN r 3 *. — a — 8 CE: PP FL — — 2 2 — - — > =_ — por 3 3 — — 7.4 ? ; 87 ——— 7 — . 2 2 n — ba > 2 5 I ; + _ =: ASE +a; : a LE £ L 2 — — - — — a 4 * - 7 — - — = Cn K ee a  Part where there is leaſt Reſiſtance; and ſuch is that which is the moſt empty, whether it be above or below; for there are no Valves that can hinder the Deſcent or Aſcent of Liquor in thele vel. ſels, as appears by the Growing of a Plant in an inverted Poſture. P. 7. L. 32. Then we know 'tis altered.] Though the Earth and Water by paſſing twice through the Pores of Garlick Roots, ſhould poſſibly acquire ſome ſmall Alteration, it would be no Proof of its bein converted inta Sap; tor if you ſteep this ſtrong ſcented Plant in a conſiderable Quantity of Water, it will all have a Tincture of its Stench from its Ef7uwvia, and yet no body will believe ſuch Water is become Sap ; yet I know not whether there are enough ot thoſe Efuvia in its fibrous Roots, not having proſecuted har Experiment. And now upon further Conſidertion, 1 think Mint a much fitter Plant than Garlick, to ſhew the Difference there is between Chyle and Sap, becauſe its Effluvia are not ſo ſtrong, and the fibrous Roots of the Mint may be drawn out at every Joint of the Stem. The Chyle may be had from fibrous Roots ne-r the Top, which enters at the Roots at its Bottom. | | Note, Tis beſt to lop off the tender Top of the Mint, in order to make the Stem the ſtronger, to afford the more high Roots, when ſet in Water ; for no Root will ever come out of it in the open Air. P. 8. L. 28. Of the Sap's Circulation] Sap is a Word, which Cuſtom has made proper to ſignify the Blood ofP la nts. Roos is the Word uſed for the Guts of a Plant. Leaves the Word uied for the Lungs of a Plant. Pazuruu the Word uſed for the Food of Plants, before taken in by the Roots; and alſo for the CH, ; which is the moſt proper Word for it, after taken in, before it 15 mixed with the Sap inthe Leaves. | PaBuLUM is ſometimes the Word uſed for the Nouriſhment that the C/y/e gives to the Sap, and ſome. 1 times for the Nouriſhment and Increaſe that the Sap gives to a whole Plant. believe, that the whole Streſs of the Arguments againſt the Circulation of Say, conſiſts in the Miſtake 2 of making no Diſtinction between Chyle and Sap, which is no leſs than between the Chyle and Blood of © an Animal: And this Diſtinction, I think, may be ſully demonſtrated by repeating the Experiment of my Mint G, p. 5. wherein the Liquor which entered the Roots at the Bottom of the Glaſs, and iflued out at the other Roots inthe Box from near the Middle of the Stalk, (which being lopped was not above nine In. 