Bulletin - United States National Museum
United States National Museum | Smithsonian Institution | United States. Dept. of the Interior
Woe tac. | Baeawiibemcdoe t lens eau: 5. ceive aed Ngaes clone lh Bo Orne == ss< 34459) 22) do... -|sc2-- AO ease SEER soraceae |Saree doze a Do. Ge se. Baeeeh Petido)da| 0 4do. ek ks.3 Rea. donee ere! Woees. S452 SAO eee AO Salts. 2= dOeaise« te)-easeecen ae. eer dotteees Do. 1S) eps enh \ BAO za Ome aes noe Golson eer case pet ne hea do: | Do. IDO ane | 34463 |....do.- ; cere Gone eeace ae See hse |e dOoxAeeere Do. Wotsss 22 | ShaGde ne oedow alto. GO SIAR ee ne et ng Gone Do. DO sess i 35 34465 |....do_. Pe Goer ess See CAP aoe dotsree Do. DOwecee ates SANG bess lessee DOeare eben tees {eee 6Was dees Do. Moesern er. SMe ee dopreWs ce hdO nt. t e522 0c [ecedoscce. Pan Do: Phila. Acad. -..| 15257 | Younga| Chemulpo, Korea_.__._.. eee eige ates W. H. Jones. Wheiden\..-.232.--\- | 1930 | Soak pete | VeVi oecnoesose ese | Nae ot ese ses Siebold and Buerger. Bite MS oe eas|| AF 2 DIE 10 I. 22. oh. o eo CO Seyesees Pert ke se Hee aoc sae Do. Dh eteepster eae | eet ee le | (Db) | MOK VON See seere te et te ener a8. von Martens. WOE: see! 91. 8. 26. 16 | (¢) Viezo) len eee eee ee lene tears'B. Schmacker. Hamburg...-- LOOSE: sec. MAMIE TOM aeeas fe Se siacte te | 1896 | T. Lenz. ID Oss aelon 22s 1O0G"|2ee5- 42. 5- Rea wachite cece casa | 1896 | Do. aP. 110. b Cotype of R. martenst. CPEs RANA TEMPORARIA# Linnzus. 1758. Rana temporaria Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10 ed., I, p. 212 (type-locality, Europe); 12 ed., 1766, I, p. 357.—MippeNporer, Sibir. Reise, II, Pt. 2, 1853, p. 247, pl. xxvu, figs. 2-4 (River Aldan to Udskoi Ostrog).—DosrorvorskI, Izvest. Sibirsk. Otd. Geograf. Obstch., I, 1870 (p. 23) (southern Sakalin).—BouLENGER, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 44 (Europe; Abrek Bay, Amur Prov.); Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1886, p. 594 (Yezo; Kasakevitch and Abrek Bay, Amur Prov.; Wiloni river; Mongolia); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), V, Feb., 1890, p. 140 (Amurland; Yezo); Taill. Batr. Europe, II, 1898, p. 301, pls. xx-xx1.—Nikouskt, Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk, S. Peterburg, LX, Prilozh., no. 5, 1889, p. 292 (Sakhalin); Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk, S. Peterburg (8), XVII, no. 1, 1905, p. 348 (Russia to-Amurland, Sakhalin, etc.). 1768. Rana muta LAURENTI, Synops. Rept., p. 30. 1788. Rana rufa LACKPEPEPE Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip., I, Syn. Meth. 1853. Rana cruenta MrppEeNvorer®, Nibir. Reise, Il, Pt 2, p. 249, pl. xxv1, figs. 5-7 (southern coast of Okhotsk Sea) (not of Pallas?).—Maack, Putesh. na Amur, 1859 (p. 153) (Amurland). 1855. Rana dybowskii Guentruer, Ann. Sci. Nat. (4), XVII, May, 1876, p- 387 (type-locality, Abrek Bay, near Vladivostok; type in Brit. Mus.; B. Dybowski, collector).—Sronn, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1899, p. 183 (Khingan Mountains, eastern Mongolia). 1902. Rana muta johansent KastcHENKo, Izvest. Tomsk Univers., 1902 (p. 24). a Signifying temporary, in the present case, perhaps, in the sense of changeable. Application somewhat uncertain, but possibly meant for temporalis, with reference to the blackish temporal spot. Various synonyms referable only to some European form or phase are here omitted. Rana temporaria, as compared with R. japonica, is a much more short-legged and short-snouted species with the dorso-lateral folds apparently wider. Altogether it is larger and stouter, the body especially between head and pelvis being relatively longer. Thus in my specimens of R. japonica from Yezo, the length of the foot, measured from inner metatarsal tubercle to tip of longest toes, exactly equals one-half the distance from anterior border of eye to vent, while in R. japonica the length of the foot, similarly measured, is about two-thirds the same distance. I have compared our three Japanese specimens from Yezo with specimens of corresponding sex and size from Norway (for instance, No. 25339, Bergen) and find no tangible differences. The web between the toes is perhaps a trifle more excised, and the inner metatarsal tubercle a trifle stronger, but these differences are clearly within the range of individual variation. Description.—Adult female; U.S.N.M. No. 23440; Sapporo, Yezo; S. Nozawa, collector (figs. 90-93). Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique groups, the anterior border of which extends forward slightly beyond a line through the posterior border of the choane; snout short, rounded, the distance from orbit to tip of snout equaling the distance between black stripes at anterior border of orbit; nostrils nearer the tip of snout than the eye; interorbital space as wide as the upper eyelid and a little narrower than distance between the nostrils; tympanum vertically oval, its greatest diameter about three-fourths the diameter of the eye; distance of tympanum from eye less than one-half the former’s greatest diameter; fingers blunt, first finger extending slightly beyond second; incision of web on both sides of fourth toe a trifle deeper than the distal end of the basal phalanx; inner metatarsal tubercle slightly compressed, its length equaling its distance from subarticular tubercle of first toe; no outer metatarsal tubercle; tibio-tarsal joint of extended hind limb reaches center of eye; tibia less than half the length of head and body; heels overlapping by less than interorbital width; skin above and below smooth, except posterior aspect of femur, which is coarsely granulated; thedorso-lateral glandular folds but slightly raised, their shortest distance contained five times in total length. Color of an alcohol above brownish gray, slightly grayer on snout, with obscure and ill-defined dark-brown mottlings, which on the Back and sides occasionally surround a light spot so as to form ocelli; dorso-lateral folds lighter, externally margined by an ill-defined brown line; indications of a dusky band across the top of the head through the center of the upper eyelids; upper lip mottled with brown; a brown line from tip of snout through nostril to eye expanding behind the latter to form the usual dark-brown ear-patch; brown stripe on anterior face of over arm long and parallel with the axis; limbs cross-barred; underside whitish, the whole surface coarsely marbled with brown. Matal Wlensthy typ of snout to vent. 2.2224. 0.2 02.562 Jessen 56 AHTGH islam lence Capen ieee nhs he Sonic ar et: Ao ngs Bee ey a 17 OTE Mii Meenas eet hme oe Bier oy SAT DON eee Lee Sil Hind limbs vent coctiup of longest toe... -...< 2.<2sose..2 0286 dees 87 SII Lae PR Ree are in PL te sae Se a ta ees ae Tl Males differ from females in the stronger, more muscular fore limbs, which acquire an extraordinary development during the pairing season; in the pad-like swelling of the inner side of the first finger, which becomes covered with black horny spinules during the same season; in the greater development of the web between the toes; and in the presence of a pair of internal vocal sacs, situated at the sides of the throat. ¢ Variation.—Apparently this species is much less variable than R. japonica, especially if we consider its great geographical distribution. The presence of more or less numerous glandular warts on the upper surface and sides, so conspicuously absent in the specimen described above, depends on the season, they being best developed during the breeding time, in museum specimens also to some extent on the state of preservation and the preserving fluid employed. The color, however, varies greatly both as to the tint of the ground color and as to the amount and distinctness of the dark markings, some @ Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spec © Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spec © Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spec © Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spec © Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spec © Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. spec © Boulenger, Tailless Batrach. Europe, p. 305. 116 BULLETIN 58 imens being nearly uniform above, others densely blotched with blackish. Habitat.—The typical R. temporaria occurs in the more northern portions of the Palearctic region, from the British Islands and Scandinavia in the west, to Japan in the east. In the St. Petersburg Museum there are numerous specimens from the Amur and Ussuri valleys. The Berlin Museum has a specimen from Kasakevitcha near the junction of the Ussuri and Amur rivers, and British Museum has another from Abrek Bay not far from Vladivostok, the type of R. dybowsku. In the Hamburg Museum there are specimens from Khabarovka, Poprovka and Nikolayesk, Amurland, collected in 1894 by Dieckmann. Nikolski reports that this frog is not common in Sakhalin, where he found it in the river Duiki and Dobrotvorski in the southern part of the island. The occurrence of this species in Yezo, therefore, is only what might be expected. British Museum has five specimens from this island, collected by Dr. John Anderson, and our museum has also three Hokkaido specimens collected by Dr. S. Nozawa near Sapporo. In the St. Petersburg Museum there is a specimen from Nemuro, collected by Grigoriew. For the possible occurrence of R. japonica in Yezo see under the latter species. Here may emphasize only the fact that the specimens there alluded to certainly belong to this species and not to R. temporaria, and the only question is whether the locality is correctly given or not. List of specimens of Rana temporaria. L. ae Sr —- | : a = ~- 2 UESINE Mae aoee. 23438) Hemale a.) SappOLO mMeZOn= seer recor eeanee== S. Nozawa. Dose ace | DBARO nha, NOS al skeen OEE ae aes eee ene ari aN Do. Dose. eee | 23440) eee GOnapany soe OS eee De nO Solna Menara ie Do. Brits Mus. 480407005 1 Salbes eee ee Vi OZ. Oates el ys cates 7. fn MR TTL Syed wee CE Ne! J. Anderson. WOs a ener 1G) eta artes ee GOs Se oe See se ae Do. DO nsoeee | 20) | ae ee ae [eae Ose eee re ec ee ee Do. Doro eee: Dilis)| Beare eet ee | Braet COM sate nose Cte eae ee eee Do. DORs! Ae ee 22, | | See ee G8 eel eae ieee aR te 2 Cie Se Do. a Description and figs., p. 114. RANA TSUSHIMENSIS,“ new species. Diagnosis.—Rana temporaria group; vomerine teeth behind level of choanze; snout short, the distance from orbit to tip of snout not greater than width between black stripes at anterior border of orbit; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching beyond eye or tip of snout; distance between dorso-lateral glandular folds contained five or six times in @ Signifying from Tsushima, in the Straits of Korea, between the south end of Korea and Kiusiu, Japan. HERPETOLOGY OF JAPAN, 117 length from snout to vent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, less than one-half its distance from tip of inner toe; first finger extending beyond second; tibia shorter than fore limb; tympanum about one- half the diameter of eye, from which it is separated by about one-half its own diameter; distance between nostrils considerably greater than interorbital width; webs between toes deeply excised, three terminal phalanges of fourth toe being free. Type.—U.S.N.M. No. 17519; Tsushima; May, 1885; P. L. Jouy, collector. Habitat.—Tsushima, Japan. This new species is probably nearest related to Rana amurensis. It shares with it the short, rounded snout, and the deeply excised webs, but the inner metatarsal tubercle is considerably stronger and larger. 94 96 Figs. 94-98.— RANA eee 14 X NAT. SIZE. 94, TOP OF HEAD; 95, SIDE OF HEAD; 96, OPEN MOUTH; 97, UNDERSIDE OF HAND; 98, UNDERSIDE OF FOOT. NO. 17519, U.S.N.M. In this respect it agrees with R. temporaria, but has more deeply exercised webs, narrower interorbital space, narrower dorso-lateral folds, and slightly longer legs, being on the whole of slenderer build. From RP. japonica it differs by its short, rounded snout and its much shorter hind foot. The vomerine teeth are decidedly further back than in R. temporaria and japonica though not quite so far as in R. amurensis. Description of type-specimen (figs. 94-98).—Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups their anterior border on a line with the posterior border of the choane; snout short, the distance from orbit to tip of snout equals the width between the black stripes at anterior border of orbit; nostrils half-way between eye and tip of snout, their mutual Distance being much greater than their distance from the eye or than the interorbital space, which is narrower than upper eyelid; vertical diameter of tympanum greater than horizontal, a trifle more than one-half the diameter of eye, and more than twice the distance of tympanum from eye; first finger slightly extending beyond second; webs of toes deeply excised, barely reaching the middle of basal phalanx of fourth toe; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, projecting, slightly shorter than its distance from subarticular tubercle of first toe; a strong conical outer metatarsal tubercle oval, projecting, slightly shorter than its distance from subarticular tubercle of first toe; a strong conical outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles strongly developed; tibio-tarsal articulation of extended hind leg reaches almost to the nostril; tibia one-half the total length; heels overlapping by the width of the interorbital space; skin above with numerous small scattered granules, those on the sides larger; dorso-lateral glandular folds very narrow and sharply defined, their shortest distance being contained about five times in the total length; lower surface smooth except the proximal half of the posterior aspect of the femur which is granular. Color (in alchol) above uniform pale drab, with a few minute dusky spots on the back; the brown stripe from tip of snout to eye, very narrow, and the tympanic dark patch rather pale and ill-defined between eye and tympanum; humeral stripe and crossbars on limbs obscure; underside uniform whitish. Dimensions. Total length, about it, 2.5542 - Se nee ee  webs indicating the male. The most notable difference, however, is the presence of the strongly developed outer metatarsal tubercle in the female specimen. There are a number of specimens from Tsushima, in British Museum, collected by Holst, and in 1898 I was given the privilege of examining them, but I find no reference to the presence of an outer metatarsal tubercle, which may therefore be regarded as problematical. These specimens were referred partly to R. japonica and partly to R. martensi. My own examination led me to the conclusion that they belong to one species only, as I could not correlate any two of the various differences. They were all short-snouted, with deeply incised webs and narrow dorso-lateral folds. Habitat—Only known from Tsushima, in the channel between Japan and Corea, where specimens were collected by P. L. Jouy, in May, 1885, and later by P. A. Holst. List of specimens of Rana tushimensis. Museum. No. | Sex. | Locality. | Be ‘By whom collected. SSN IM 9 oe eo | 17519 | Female Be SUSHI J aaNet eee May, 1885 | P. L. Jouy. DOE ens sane | 17520 | Male b_. fl Beaks GOnse ko See pate eee eel aceee Goeeasaes Do. Brit. Mus........ ee Ch ages Se SRE ee MRS SS EN | P. A. Holst. | a Type; description, p. 117; figs. 94-98. b Description, p. 118. ec P. 119 RANA AMURENSIS# Boulenger. Plate XI, figs. 2-3. 1853.? Rana temporaria MippeNvorrr, Sibir. Reise, II, m, Pt. 1, p. 247, pl. XxvI, fig. 3 a-c (Eastern Siberia). 1886. Rana amurensis BOULENGER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1886, p. 598; author’s separate (p. 4) (type-locality, Kazanovitch, Amur Province; type, Berlin Mus. No. 9864); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), V, Feb., 1890, p. 140, pl. 1x, fig. 12 (Lake Khanka, Doerries, collector; Chemulpo, Korea); Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1890, p. 324.—? Borrarr, Ber. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., 1894, p. 146 (Chinghai, near Ningpo, China).—Brpriaca, Przewalski Reise, Zool., III, Pt. 1, 1899, (p. 27).—Naxoski, Zap. Imp. Akad. Nauk, S. Peterburg (8), XVII, No. 1, 1905, p. 369 (Kuku-Nor, Tibet). Rana amurensis seems to be closely related to true R. temporaria, being round-snouted and short-legged. It differs, however, in the more posterior position of the vomerine teeth which are almost entirely behind the level of the choane and, apparently, in having the interorbital space narrower. The inner metatarsal tubercle is also unusually weak. As the two forms occur in the same locality, the Berlin Museum having also true R. temporaria (No. 9865) from Kazak-vitch, whence came the type of R. amurensis, there seems to be no doubt as to the specific validity of the latter. Having no specimen at command, though it was my good fortune to be allowed to examine the Ussuri and Korean specimens in the British Museum, I print herewith a translation of Boulenger’s original description. Original description of type specimen.—Adult male; Berlin Museum, No. 9864; Kazakevitch, Amur Province. Vomerine teeth in two oval groups forming a chevron behind the opening of the inner nares; head rather depressed, as long as broad, or a little longer than broad; snout long and rounded, projecting but little beyond the lip; loreal region rather abruptly bent; nostril halfway between the end of the snout and the anterior corner of the eye; width of interorbital space equaling that of the upper eyelid; tympanum measuring two-thirds the diameter of the eye, separated from the latter by a space equal to one-half of its diameter; first finger not extending beyond the second when placed alongside of it; tibio-tarsal articulation reaching eye when the hind limb is carried forward; tibia much shorter than the fore limb; inner metatarsal tubercle small, oval, blunt; no outer tubercle; subarticular digital tubercles small; toes scarcely two-thirds webbed; back smooth; flanks, lower abdomen, and posterior aspect of the femur with very large granulations; dorso-lateral folds narrow and but little prominent. Grayish brown above with the ordinary black spots; a blackish band bordered below by whitish along the lip, as in R. arvalis; a pale vertebral band rather indistinct; human spot very elongated; lower parts spotted with grayish. Male without vocal sacs. Dimensions. Brom pnoutibOuvelt a2 ears ele 8 ee oe ae ae eer eee 15) Length of head occ3 ver Pat cae ta tee eae enters Ue Pea eae eel gS NATL Ait Ra Led = ok ta eR oy oa Sn a ig ei Drnmeter: ofeye: 5 4s: oe eee ae ae Se eee one 5.9 Interorbital space: cio. 2k eee a ee ce eee eee 3 Antérior.comerohéeye to nostril en ee aes ee ee 3.5 Anterior corner of eye .toiip olismoutlmes =~ 3 ose acre eee ie DMiamiveter of. tiyamp ambi ee <5 eee ree eral ee 3.9 Posterior border of eye to anterior b« wrder of tympanum - . eos 4 Sele) Hore dmb ioe ers. 2 a ee ee eet reer 34 iid! Vibe sche BY ee ee eee 90 MTA Sed 5b does foes Ee eed Sed oR Ue EAD ae Siam ree eae eee 28 UMMESK TOSS ce, See OE se yy Se pee eee eee 7 Inner metatarsal tubercle 2 5325 254 ee ee ee eee aj.5 The changes in the description made by him upon the examination of nine specimens from Lake Khanka, are chiefly verbal and quali- fying, the most important being the ‘‘interorbital space a little nar- rower than the upper eyelid,” an observation which I can corroborate from my own inspection of the same material in 1898. He also adds that the male is provided with black nuptial excrescenses on the thumb. 4 Boulenger, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1886, p. 598. HERPETOLOGY OF JAPAN, ear Halntat.—Originally described from two specimens collected at Kazakevitch, not far from Khabarovka, a little above the junction of the Ussuri River with the Amur, this species has since been recorded from Lake Khanka and from Chemulpo, Korea. In the Hamburg Museum there are two specimens from Nikolayevsk, Amurland, collected by Dieckmann in 1894 (Nos. 873, 875). Whether the grown specimens which Boettger (Ber. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., 1894, pp. 146-147) records from Chinhai, near Ningpo, China, under the name Rana amurensis really belong here is rather doubtful, as he himself does not seem to be quite satisfied with their identity. Nikolski has recently (1905) identified seven specimens in the St. Petersburg Museum collected at Lake Kuku-Nor, northeastern Tibet, by Przevalski and Grum-Grzymailo as belonging to this species. List of specimens of Rana amurensis. boa Sex and eich When col- By whom col- Museum. No. age. Locality. | lected. | jected | Tits MUS = 22.2. - | (a) eee Ss. ake Kehanikar Am urlands. =e. se == osc ae'Doerries. a Nine specimens. RANA IJIMA©" Stejneger. 1901. Buergeria time STEINEGER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, Dec. 12, 1901, p. 190 (type-locality, a Nine specimens. RANA IJIMA©" Stejneger. 1901. Buergeria time STEINEGER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, Dec. 12, 1901, p. 190 (type-locality, a Nine specimens. RANA IJIMA©" Stejneger. 1901. Buergeria time STEINEGER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, Dec. 12, 1901, p. 190 (type-locality, a Nine specimens. RANA IJIMA©" Stejneger. 1901. Buergeria time STEINEGER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIV, Dec. 12, 1901, p. 190 (type-locality, a Nine specimens. RANA IJIMA©" Stejneger. 1901. Buer Okinawa shima; type, Sci. Coll. Mus., Tokyo, No. 19 (914)). The outward conformation of the terminal digital joint of this species led me to refer it to Polypedates (or Buergeria). I have since examined more closely into the matter and can find no interpolated bone, so that its proper place seems to be in the genus Rana. The exact nature of the dorso-lateral gland in the unique type specimen is doubtful. The specimen is somewhat soft and the light-colored dorso-lateral lines appear to be glandular and somewhat raised, but whether we have to do with a continuous fold or only a series of longitudinal glands is not certain, although the former condition is more probable. Description.—Adult.—Science College Museum, Tokyo, No. 19 (914); Tanebimura, Okinawa shima, Riu Kiu (figs. 99-103). Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique series on a line through the posterior border of the choane and about equidistant from the latter and from each other; tongue without free, conical papilla; snout somewhat projecting, the nostrils much nearer the tip of the snout than the eyes and nearly vertical over the tip of the mandible; interorbital space slightly narrower than the upper eyelids; canthus rostralis rather abruptly bent; lores concave; tympanum one-half the diameter of the eye; fingers free, first extending slightly beyond second; disks distinct, but small, on third and fourth finger largest, less than half the diameter of tympanum; toes moderately webbed, the two terminal phalanges of fourth toe being free and the excision reaching to the terminal third of the basal phalanx of that toe; disks well developed but small, slightly smaller than those of the fingers; subarticular tubercles very prominent; inner met Astersal tubercle oval, not prominent, small, contained about two and a half times in length. Figs. 99-103.— RANA LUM. NAT. SIZE. 99, TOP OF HEAD; 100, SIDE OF HEAD; 101, OPEN MOUTH; 102, UNDERSIDE OF HAND; 103, UNDERSIDE OF FOOT. NO. 19 (914) Sci. COLL. TOKYO. of first toe, measured from the anterior border of the tubercle; a distinct outer metatarsal tubercle at the base of fourth toe; no outer dermal fringe on fifth toe, nor a tarsal fold; tibio-tarsal articulations each considerably beyond tip of snout when hind legs are stretched forward, and overlap by as much as the length of the snout when folded legs are placed at right angles to axis of body; tibia more than one-half the total length of head and body; skin above obscurely shagreened, with a few scattered pustules on the back and numerous ones on the flanks; sides of face and neck and upper side of tibia with numerous white-tipped, pointed asperities, which also stud the ympanum like a string of pearls, as well as three large glandular warts behind the corner of the mouth; from the posterior angle of the eye a somewhat indistinct dorso-lateral fold, which on the shoulder seems broken up into a series of shorter longitudinal glands; underside smooth, except posterior aspect of femur, which is granular. Color (in alcohol) dark chocolate brown, apparently nearly uniform, the dorso-lateral folds and upper side of limbs paler, more cinna-mon; a whitish line under eye and on posterior part of upper lip, which is mottled with brown along the edge; flanks pale brownish, with irregular blackish spots; legs cross-barred with dark brown and upper posterior aspect of femur mottled with the same color; underside whitish, with very faint brown mottlings on throat, chest, and hind legs. Dimensions. Hiotalleneth= tip of snout to ven s2222220 2. S22 seen Jove oe 68 MAIVOE TY OLE EVEAVG cs Re SP es ey Sn ee 23 Wistamce Mehween DOstrilss <<. 2022222 2k bec col cee ee lee eee 7 istance between nostril and eye..s22- 22. : 2... 2.22.22. 2 22k ek 5 AMG eTROMO MO ert ae aoe ee Nas ote ie 8 Rye e cee ee Sa ee oak 9 MeMaereMOl Uy TA PATIUNN. 2 ey ke ke eee eee 4.5 ereeneeMMn ACO SAE Ae ta cae be. ae ea ele ek eee ne 5 (Be Geom arrears ee 2 Bech ON Se SiMe Why ack nui ciere ad Se oe 44 EAE ON MON ONG cre er IS re Selo dn ee Sales 4a Sea ba ee Se 2 imdeless vent to tip of longest\toe.... <i... 4.4.2... fede 22k cs 118 Dini eens Rae ie PEL SS a aS ad Adee ee le Ee 38 irenmaetatarsal tubercle... 2..s224-060 22 Fol Sas geen. ee et oe. =k: 2. 25 Habitat.—Thus far this species is only known from Okinawa shima, where the type specimen was collected. List of specimens of Rana ijime. When col- By whom collected.  dia. aT ype; description, p. 121; figs. 99-103. RANA RUGOSA | Schlegel. Plate X, figs. 2-4. 1838. Rana rugosa SCHLEGEL, Fauna Japon., Rept., p. 110, Sauri et Batr., pl. mr, figs. 3, 45 (type-locality, Japan, probably Nagasaki; types, Leiden Museum No. 2064; von Siebold, collector).—DuméErit and Brsron, Erpét. Gén., VIII, 1841, p. 368 (Japan).—Gén., VIII, 1841, p. 368 (Japan).—Gén., VIII, 1858, p. 11 (Japan).—HaLLoweE Lt, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1860, p. 499 (part: Simoda).—Marrens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool., I, 1866, p. 111 (Yokohama); 1876, p. 384 (Nagasaki).—CAMERANO, Atti. Accad. Torino, XIV, -@Latin, signifying wrinkled. © Reproduced in this work on Plate X, figs. 2-4. 124 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pt.5, Apr. 1879, p. 868 (Tokyo, Yokohama).—HILGENPDorp, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1880, p. 119 (Yokohama); Hakone Mts.).—BOULENGER, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 35 (Japan).—Oxapa, Cat. Vert. Jap., 1891, p. 67 (Tokyo; Suwo).—Frirze, Mitth. Deutsch. Ges. Ost-Asiens, V, 1891, p. 239 (Yezo).—BoerrreEr, Kat. Batr. Mus. Senckenberg., 1892, p. 4 (Hakone Lake; Nikko; Yokohama).—Ik -@Latin, signifying wrinkled. © Reproduced in this work on Plate X, figs. 2-4. 124 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pt.5, Apr. 1879, p. 868 (Tokyo, Yokohama).—HILGENPDorp, Sitz. Ber. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 1880, p. 39 (Yokohama); Hakone Mts. -@Latin, signifying wrinkled. © Reproduced in this work on Plate X, figs. 2-4. 124 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pt.5, Apr. 1879, p. 868 (Tokyo, Yokohama); Hakone Mts. -@Latin, signifying wrinkled. © Reproduced in this work on Plate X, figs. 2-4. 124 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Pt.5, Apr. 1879, p. 868 (Tokyo, Yokohama Aa, Annot. Zool. Japon., I, Pt. 3, Aug. 1897, p. 114 (breeding season). : Hallowell’s R. rugosa belongs only partly to this species, being evidently composed of two species. The small ones ‘marked 13 in the catalogue... found along the mountain streams at Simoda, Japan, May, 1855,’ which he describes as ‘‘presenting the conical pustulations upon the longitudinal elevations upon the back,” are in all probability true R. rugosa, but the others from ‘‘Ousima,’ and the two larger ones from Simoda, of which the last-mentioned ones are in our collection (U.S.N.M. No. 7415) belong to R. mgro- maculata. This blunder of Hallowell’s is the more remarkable, as R. rugosa is one of the most easily recognized species, because of its Fias. 104-106.— RANA RUGOSA. 14 X NAT. SIZE. 104, TOP OF HEAD; 105, SIDE OF HEAD; 106, OPEN MOUTH. No. 23543, U.S.N.M. excessive roughness, which makes it appear more like a toad than a frog. The hollow snout is also quite characteristic. Description.— Adult female; U.S.N.M. No. 23543; Yokohama, Hondo; September, 1896; L. Stejneger, collector (figs. 104-106). Vomerine teeth in two small groups, their anterior border on a line through the center of the choane and more distant from the latter than from each other; nostrils much nearer the tip of snout than the eye; snout and lores concave, the canthus rostralis forming a ridge separating the two concavities; interorbital space less than width of upper eyelid; tympanum nearly circular, fully three-fourths the diameter of the eye distant from the latter less than one-half its own diameter; fingers not tapering, rounded at end, first somewhat opposable and longer than second, with a small swollen pad at the base; webs of toes full, the excision opposite the distal end of the first phalanx of fourth toe; inner metatarsal tubercle small and rather HERPETOLOGY OF JAPAN. Weak; a weak outer metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles rather weak, the distal one triangular, with the base forward; a decided tarsal fold; tibio-tarsal articulations reach center of tympanum when hind legs are carried forward, and do not overlap when legs are bent at right angles to axis of body; tibia less than one-half the total length; skin above and on sides densely granular, with prominent tubercles in addition to a number of irregular series of short longitudinal ridges, which are largest on the middle of the back, smallest on the head, all these ridges tubercular like the rest of the skin; upper eyelids coarsely tubercular, as also the foreal region; even the tympanum is studded with smaller tubercles; no dorso-lateral fold; a number of prominent tubercular glands behind tympanum; underside smooth, but transversely creased, throat and posterior aspect of femurs very coarsely granular. Color (in alcohol) dark brownish olive, with obscure dusky spots and dark cross bands on legs; underneath pale, uniformly and densely mottled with dusky. Dimensions. Mopmentenus stupit, snout to vent. 2-224-272-0622 226 2.2 sec 56 Preetal dein ae rere: ey. She pt eRe hs eet ate BND BLOT Call pene mee ra eee es whence Pe OM lye re aye ep Nes eye 30 Himdalerenventuroriiprotlongest: [LOGS 4. 5 2s2 sec c The adult male in the breeding season (U.S.N.M. No. 34436; Mount Fuji, Hondo; May, 1898) is smaller, with relatively shorter body, somewhat fuller webs, and a large swelling at the base of the first finger covered with asperities, though not so large as in the species previously described. There are no vocal sacs, internal or external. Boulenger says: “Male with external vocal vesicles,” but as there were then no male specimens in the British Museum he probably had this information from Hallowell, who attributes large vocal vesicles to this species. As I have already shown, the specimens with such, which Hallowell took for R. rugosa, were in reality R. nigromaculata. Variation.—On the whole, this species is very uniform, the greater or lesser distinctness of the blackish markings mostly due to a varying shade of the ground color being the chief source of variation. Hilgendorf mentions that one of his specimens (Berlin Mus. No. 4312) lacks the vomerine teeth. Habitat.—This very distinct species appears to be confined to Japan proper, i.e., to the islands of Hondo, Kiusiu, and Shikoku. Doctor von Martens (Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool., I, 1876, p. 384) has recorded it from Hongkong, China. The identification, which seems to be by Peters, is probably correct, but the locality is most likely erroneous. Hallowell records two specimens from Ooshima, but they were probably Rana nigromaculata, like the male specimens from Simoda, which he also identified as R. rugosa. 126 BULLETIN 58, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Fritze is responsible for the statement that it is common in Yezo, but as he is the only writer who records it from that island it may be well to await the Arrival of undoubted Yezo specimens. I am not aware that it has been found on Tsushima nor in Korea or any of the Rukuk islands. The following definite localities from where we have reliable records or have seen specimens may be mentioned: Mountain streams at Simoda (Hallowell); mountains of Hakone (Hilgendorf); Hakone Lake and Nikko (Boettger); Yokohama (von Martens; Hilgendorf; Camerano; Boettger; Stejneger); Tokyo (Camerano); Mount Fuji (Owston); Kobe and Enoshima (Brit. Mus.); Seta, near south end of Lake Biwa, Province of Omi, collected by Dr. T. Lenz (Hamburg Mus. No. 1052); Province of Suwo, Hondo (Okada); Nagasaki (Dr. E. A. Mearns; von Martens). Dr. Hugh M. Smith obtained specimens at Koriyama, Kiusiu, and Kochi, Shikoku; also at Nara, Province of Yamato, Hondo. The types in the Leiden Museum, which were collected by von Siebold, are only inscribed “Japon.” List of specimens of Rana rugosa. Nav Sex and age. Locality. nen By whom collected. S308 Sees eee VAD As Pode ee ee ee 1878 E. S. Morse. S308 Sees eee VAD As Pode ee ee ee ee Rees Woe | 1878 Do. Ass | ace”. Fem okt ees GO. S re ig neni Ma te ee  Sh ecieee e ee ee ee ee eee aerate Lies. ¢ ace eee (?) PIIG IRs ose eal sees {os ee GOs alee SE SE SO so ies Sank I te de (2) 23543 | Females.._.. WOKKOH ams SELON CO = sees eee eee ae Sept., 1896 | L. Stejneger. 235440 Atul eae eee GO svc oh ee Hos i Se ee ees doses Do. 23545 |...-- dow. teas S-e 22 dozer SN See ee a ee ee ees osama: Do. 23546 |...-- GO sae Sasa ast GOLee her eee ee Poy aa AS et ner met ee a dozats= o Do. ZOOS TEN Seer 2 (6 Coates ores Se GO ere 2 Re Fe eo ee ea Oe NES dOzs555 Do. 26044 |.._.. dostee ee eed GO nie Steen bes Oe ere re ce a ee dos ee Do. 31801 | Female... -_. IN aia) oY7an 2 C OSE O00 O pee ee ene 1903 | H. M. Smith. 31802) 5  Yamato Oud One seen senees ee | Apr. 26,1903 | Do. alS4> P= C6 0 ee |e Oo ES ee ee ee area ee GOL eases Do. O1930N| Peas do. 2212s) Kochi; Tozasbikokagr sss eeseeee see | May 11,1903 | Do. B1932 bance dosseeas. ee AOS F528 Be ee ee ee Gozsak 4s: Do. BABBS bal eadtye: aoe | Mount Wij “ Elondoseo: 2 eee May. 1898 | A. Owston. 34434 Se tdoe = a5) ieee MO £60 Noe eee eR donee: Do. 34435 |....- do ee eee doetem: 2 Lee eee ee eee dons: | Do. 34436 | Maled___....-|._..- dO2:- 2s A ee ee eee dose-cees Do. 34437 | Female 2-2 -22|-<.-- OO Seen ee ee ee eee eee | eee Gosaeaee. Do. 34498 | Male.........|..... G60 se eels | 6G iced ee aan eee ee dae kent |i Dos BUASG Deol setae dole. ite ten aun See ey eee eee doctees.s 1 De dap Nits doe sees, GOs as hes. eee ee ot = aren ae |e dp esas a | abe 34441 | Female......|....- WO sce 2 Soi ees ae | does ne Do @ Description, p. 124, figs. 104-106. b Description,  Halfgrown..|...-- GG eset ser ei er ee de ec COS aes- Do. NOU oe ar He Nl easel ele STU aarti eee ele St oe era os ee ee E. A. Mearns. eae CO perererter | Peee 1 Owe Se een er es et ee Nis A ee Do. mes LO peer tees eee Oy ta ence rae ot aoe Asan ee Sse scca| ee Soe oe necks Do. eae CO eas mnoeren LO evra ere e int eet AS cls e Socee |M Sec tee cc acen Do. Eine Coeters eee Oeerr. Se eae oe yo seine ewe ce ncc acen -[etece ss coe ceeale Do. ee Ceasers eee LOL Sane ar ae coe cee ae oss Se eels el Sole Bossi ket Do. eee CO PEeees ae OLOS Nepean ofa Soe coms oe Soe Noe ceases olicdaskcsca dence Do. eS Eres MOL Ola re eee ane see ae Se ee le a saek ae Do. pares OME BEER LOR Ss toasesoe ocj.tck sae esc one coeeuce cafes |sbas ose eewese Do. Halfgrown..|....- LOR eerie et at not a fe nae teas eee anh he Shae Do. Woung......- Heat CLO Remy Pe ae eee ate te cle, yw Shel I er oa Do. Bons Sn Do. RANA LIMNÁCHARIS4 Wiegmann. 1835. Rana limnocharis WEIGMANN, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, Pt. 1, p- 255 (no type-locality; apparently based on specimens in the Leiden Museum from Java, collected and named by H. Boie).—BouLENGER, Fauna Brit. India, Rept., 1890, p. 450 (China and southern Japan to India and Malay  Okinawa”).—STEIJNEGER, Journ. Sci. Coll. Tokyo, XII, Pt. 3, 1898, p. 217 (Taipa and Giilan, Formosa; Botel Tobago II.; Pescadores Ils. 1835. Rana gracilis WrEGMANN, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Carol., XVII, Pt. 1, p. 257 (type-locality, Cape Syng-more, China; Meyen, collector) (not of Gravenhorst, 1829).—HatloweE.t, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1860, p. 505 (Whampoa, China).—GUEENTHER, Rept. Brit. India, 1864, p. 409 (Ningpo; Hongkong; Riu Kiu; Himalayas; Siam; Madras).—Marrens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool., I, 1876, p. 383 (Tamsui, Formosa).—BOULENGER, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 28 (East Indies; Chusan, Ningpo, Shanghai, Szechuen, Hongkong, Hainan, China; Formosa; Riu Kiu); Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, p. 149 (Riu Kiu, Pryer, coll.).—Börrerr, Offenbach. Ver. Naturk. 24-25 Ber., 1885, p. 159 (Japan).—Oxapa, Cat. Veit. Japan, 1891, p. 67 (Okinawa shima).—Brown, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1902, June 11, p. 185 (Riu Kiu, probably Okinawa shima, Furness and Hiller, coll. 1896). 1858. Rana vittigera GUENTHER, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., p. 9 (Ningpo; Hongkong; Riu Kiu; Ceylon; India; Java) (not of Wiegmann, 1835).—MarreEns, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool., I, 1866, p. 163 (Tamsui, Formosa). Several names based on Indian specimens and usually referred to this species are omitted from this synonymy. From Aiurvy, swamp, pond; xyapis, grace, one of the Graces. Boulenger regards this species as closely allied to R. tigerina, differing in smaller size, half-webbed toes, short development of the fringe on the fifth toe and usually in the presence of a small outer metatarsal tubercle. One of the chief differences I find, however, is in the situation of the vomerine teeth. In R. tigerina they are anterior, approximated very closely to the choane, while in R. limnocharis he are posterior and quite distant from the choan, their distance from the latter being twice as great as their distance on each other. Description (figs. 107-110).—Adult female; U.S.N.M. No. 31798; Onomichi, Prov. Aki, Hondo; June 4, 1903; Dr. H. M. Smith, collector. Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups, the anterior border of which is on a line with the posterior border of the choane, their distance from the latter twice as great as their distance from each other posteriorly; nostrils a little nearer the tip of the snout than the eyes; interorbital space about two-thirds the width of upper eyelid; snout convex in cross-section, canthus rostralis rounded; tympanum circular about one-half the diameter of the eye, its distance from the latter more than half of its own diameter; fingers slightly tapering, rounded, first extending much beyond second, and even beyond fourth; a small smooth swelling at base of first finger; web between toes deeply excised to the middle of the basal phalanx of the fourth toe; inner metatarsal tubercle strong, oval, longer than one-half the first toe; a strong conical outer metatarsal panels; a narrow dermal fold along the outer side of fifth toe; a fold from inner metatarsal tubercle halfway up the tarsus; tibio-tarsal articulations reach the tympanum. When hind legs are stretched forward, and only touch, without overlapping when legs are bent at right angles to axis of body; skin above finely shagreened, with numerous narrow, elongated glandular ridges which become shorter on the sides; no dorso-lateral fold; a deep crease on the chest in front of each arm jing another crease which runs from axilla to axilla across the chest; skin under- HERPETOLOGY OF  ee ees Lyi ca eae 5] Alert bin@iglicdcumeesmen oie eo tse oe se os ke Ste te ae ke ase 18 PindwWersivent-to tip ot longest toe....¢ 24.2.5... 22a. es eee. = see 68 SUA ise ema EE are Ney Sore ers yee ya ed ne = Sa Oe a eee Dia he tS en 22 The adult male (U.S.N.M. No. 23902; Kumamoto, province of Higo, Kiusiu) is smaller (88 mm.), but does not seem to differ materially in proportions; the first finger is provided with copulatory ~asperities which cover two separate, slightly swollen pads, one basally on the side and below, the other distally and on the upper side of the metacarpal, no asperities on the phalanges; the excision of the web is not quite so deep as in the female; a pair of external vocal sacs on the side of the throat, the openings being behind the tongue near the corner of the mouth. <A broad gray band across the throat involving the vocal sacs. A very narrow white line on the upper side along the whole median line is also shown in this specimen, but this character is not sexual. 