The discovery of America; for the use of children and young persons. Translated from the German of J. H. Campe, ... With a map and plates. 1799
Campe, Joachim Heinrich
ESE = mn RS - 82 — ? = — — << al — — — 22 * ——— 2 - - ~ 2 5 r x 2 boot  faithful. Fath., We will hope that he is now free from NEL vices. Columbus found an 13 concourse of people, collected in every place through which he passed; and heard his name reigned from every mouth. He at length arrived at Barcelona, where the King and Queen awaited him with the utmost impatience. The whole court, as in Portugal, was ordered out to meet him, and the streets were everywhere. The procession was conducted in the following order. First of all came the Indians, who had accompanied him, dressed according to the custom of their country; next were carried the gold, and various kinds of ornaments, he had brought with him; then followed the natural curiosities he had collected, such as bales of cotton, casks of pepper, parrots, which were carried upon canes twenty-five feet long, stuffed skins of American animals and birds, besides a great number of other things, that had never been seen in Europe; and last of all came Columbus himself, who attracted the eyes of the spectators more than any of the curiosities that had preceded him. In order to show him a particular mark of honor, their Majesty caused a superb throne to be erected in an open place, on which they sat to receive him. He now drew near, and was going to kneel at the foot of the throne, as was then the custom, when the King held out his hand for him to kiss it, and desired him to sit down upon a seat placed for that purpose at his right hand. In a very becoming manner, he then gave a particular account of the diſcores he had made, and exhibited the samples he had brought with him of the curious productions of those countries. The court, and all who heard him. were lost in a situation. When he had finiſhed his account, their Ma- jeſties both kneeled down, accompanied by all who were preſent, and returned thanks to God for thoſe wonderful events, which ſeemed to promiſe them ſo many and ſuch great advan- tages. Upon this Columbus was-overwhelmed with the higheſt honours. Every reward which had been promiſed him, before his departure, was openly confirmed; he, and his whole family, were raiſed to the rank of nobility, and whenever the King rode out, his favorite officer e aut always be at his fide; a diſtinction till 8 then granted only to princes of the blood: but Wo what pleaſed him moſt of all was, that his AgeTy gave orders that a conſiderable fleet L ſhould R 7 — , —— p- - > 33 <<. 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The Pope (Alexander the Sixth was his name) drew a straight line from one pole to the other, at the distance of one hundred leagues from the Azores islands, and made a solemn grant to the King of Spain of all the land which — he discovered beyond this line. Thomas Heyday! How could the Pope give these countries away, when they did not belong to him? Futh. At that time, Thomas, the Pope was, as you must know from history, possessed of very extraordinary powers. He was thought to be the great apostle of God, and, on this account, was supposed to have a right of disposing of every part of the globe as he thought proper. Every prince, therefore, that was to enjoy his dominions in security, was under the necessity of applying to the Pope for a confirmation of his right to them. Things are not so now. Matt. It is very well they are not, or the Pope might think proper to take Hamburg from us. Fath. Fath. The fitting out of the fleet was carried on with such expedition, that in a short time seventeen ships, most of them large ones, were ready for sea in the harbour of Cadiz. A third for riches brought together great numbers of people of all ranks, who desired to embark in this expedition, many of whom intended to take up their abode in the newly discovered islands; but, as it was not possible for Columbus to take them all, he chose from among them fifteen hundred, and took care not only that the ships should be furnished with the necessary provisions, but also with everything requisite to the establishment of colonies. For this purpose, he collected all kinds of necessary instruments, as well as various animals unknown in the new world, such as horses, asses, cows, &c. and, finally, all sorts of European grain, and seeds of many plants, and vegetables, which he thought might thrive in that climate. He still possessed the mistaken notion that the countries he had discovered were parts of the continent of India, he gave it the name of the West Indies, in order to distinguish it from what he considered the other part already known. He gave it this name, because a person in his voyage thither must fail towards the West, India, properly so called, which lay eastward, was from this time called the East Indies. Cath. But the whole of America is not called the West Indies? Fath. No; we apply this name only to the American islands, which lie in the gulf of Mexico. As soon as everything was ready, the fleet let sail from Cadiz on the twenty-fifth of September, 1493. Columbus directed his course towards the Canary Isles, before which he came to anchor on the fifth of October. Here he took in fresh water, wood, and some other animals, particularly pigs. On the third day he set sail again. The pigs which he now took with him, were the stock from which sprang the whole race of wine at present in America. Geo. But I suppose other pigs were taken there afterwards. Father. You are to be the American wine cannot boast, with certainty, upon the antiquity of their progenitors. Irrational animals might be pardoned this folly, were they capable of it; but when a man depends to the vanity of boasting the rank of his ancestors, one cannot but lament the stupidity he discovers, in supposing himself the better for their high titles. In the course of twenty days, during the whole of which there was a fair wind, they made as much as eight hundred leagues. And so little of importance occurred, that I may now, without any further ceremony, put them safe on shore. It was on the second of November, therefore, thirty-eight days after their departure from Spain, that They cast anchor before an island which Columbus named Dominica, because they discovered it on a Sunday; which, in Latin, is called dies dominica, or dies sals. Cha. Is not that one of the Antilles, or Coribes islands? Did not the French take it from the English in the present war? Fohn. Certainly; see here it is, Fath. Not finding a convenient anchorage here, Columbus again set sail, and discovered several other islands, some of them of considerable size. One of them was Marigalante. James. That is not in our Geography. Fath. Then we will mark out now, It belongs to the French. Further, Guadaloupe, which — Tho. Belongs also to the French. Father Columbus called it thus, on account of a promise he had made to some monks, who lived in a cluster of the same name, that one of the islands he might discover should  L 114 J And again, Andgus. Fred. Which now belongs to the English. Fauth. And then, Porto Rico; which, as you know, still belongs to the English; and lastly, the island of Saint Martin, of which the Len have lately taken possession. At Guadaloupe they discovered a very beautiful cascade, which descended from the summit of a stupendous rock, and might be heard at the distance of nine miles. At first they could not discover any of the natives, as they had left their habitations, and fled into the mountains. But at length the Spaniards, that had been sent out for the purpose of examining the island, brought two boys which they had seized, who gave them to understand they were not natives of that place, but had been brought there as captives. Soon after this they met with six women, who were crying out in a most dreadful manner for assistance, for they had been condemned to perpetual slavery. From these women they learned, that it was the horrid custom of the inhabitants of this island to roast and eat their male prisoners, and to make slaves of the females. The boys and women were immediately taken under the protection of the Spaniards. The inhabitants of the islands confirmed the account. which the women, and the cazique, Guakanahari, had given Columbus of the warlike and barbarous disposition of these people. Almost everywhere, when he attempted to land, he was opposed in the most desperate manner, and throughout the island found melancholy proofs that they devoured their prisoners, like the deer in their foreheads. It was not without shuddering that they beheld human bones at the doors of almost every hut. This circumstance, and a wish to visit, as soon as possible, the Spaniards which he had left at Hispaniola, determined Columbus not to prolong his stay upon this island, and the more so, as every peaceable attempt to become acquainted with the natives proved fruitless. He hastened his departure, and came to anchor off Hispaniola on the twentieth of the same month, in a harbour not more than a day's journey from the lately erected fort of Navidad. Some Spaniards which he had sent on shore, returned with the strange account, that they had found upon the beach two human bodies, tied by ropes about their necks to a wooden cross. As they had lain so long as to be quite disfigured, it was impossible to distinguish whether: 1. were Europeans or not. This account gave birth to painful suspicions in the mind of Columbus, which could not be found till the next day. He spent, therefore, a very uneasy night, and at break of day hastened to discover whether his melancholy conjectures were founded in truth. Upon his arrival off the height of Navidad— Eliza. What does that mean, Father? Fat. That is, when he arrived with his fleet opposite the place where fort Navidad was situated. Do you not recollect, when we were once upon the strand of the Baltic, how the sea appeared to rise above the land as it were? Eliza. O, yes; before we came close to it the sea appeared like a high hill. Father. Well then, because the sea appears to rise in this manner like a hill, that part of it which is opposite any particular place upon the coast, is called the height of that place. Columbus, therefore, immediately upon his arrival off the height of Navidad, sprang into a boat, and ordered them to row to shore. But what was his astonishment, when he could find neither Spaniards, nor any remains of the fort which he had erected, except some scattered remnants of clothes, broken weapons, and utensils? This told him more than enough. He was convinced beyond all doubt of the destruction of the infant colony, by finding at a small distance from the place, eleven of their dead bodies which bore evident marks of having been murdered. When they were lamenting, the sad fate of their countrymen, and meditating how they should revenge their death upon the natives, the brother of Guakana, who approached, and gave a detailed account of the misfortunes which had caused the destruction. tion of theſe European coloniſts. The chief particulars were as follows: Columbus was ſcarcely departed when they forgot the valuable advice he had given them. Inſtead of confirming, by friendly in- tercourſe, the reſpect and veneration in which they were held by the natives; they indulged themſelves in ſo many extravagancies and ex- tortions, that the natives ſoon perceived, inſtead of being ſuperior, they were in truth inferior beings to themſelves. Their offi cer endeavour- ed to maintain good diſcipline, but they re- garded neither his threats nor perſuaſions; they ſet his authority at defiance, and ſtrolled ſingly among the Indians, committing robberies and other enormities of the baſeſt kind. They confined their depredations chiefly to the ſtate of the cazique of Cibao, on account of the gold found there. Atlength, being unable anylonger to ſubmit to their ill conduct, he flew to arms, ſurprized ſeveral ſtragglers and killed them; then ſurrounded the fort, and ſet fire to it. A num- ber of the Spaniards fell in defending it; the others, B ö 5 p * — = — 2 >> 4 — rn ve r r n 32 — oy : D ; ; —— 5 3 N F 1 * — i, 2-4 UG og a, ae — vo, 9s — „ 232 4 St - N - = ” * 94 SS — — — g. al WE. a. <. Mane — 2 — 8 Mane —  the natives; and he therefore recommended the kindness of their servants towards them. Columbus then went to visit G 3 whom he found really ill, from a wound which appeared to have been given by a wooden instrument, not by a European word. The unalterable fidelity of this man's behavior, confirmed the truth of the information which he gave them, as well as that already given by his brother. The cazique, likewise, endeavoured, by every means in his power, to show his friendly disposition. He made Columbus a present of eight hundred small shells, which were considered as of great value by the Indians; likewise one hundred plates of gold, and three gourds full of gold dust, which, together, weighed near two hundred pounds; in return, Columbus made him as welcome a present of European trinkets. Upon this, Columbus led his people to a more healthy situation, at the mouth of a small stream, intending to erect there a regular fortified town, in which those he should leave behind might have a place of security. No one was permitted to remain an idle spectator of this work. By the joint labor of so many hands the first town built by Europeans in the new world was soon completed. Columbus, in  . — = = - - - N CD > 2 = = 182 9 W; — 41 Af 100 N 11. y y 11 90 k BUY 11 F ,, TALE X. Father Dixe, the building of the town Isca, Columbus had a thousand difficulties to encounter, which nothing less than perseverance like his could have overcome. The Spaniards, who are naturally inclined to indolence, were rendered still more so by the heat of the climate. They loudly complained therefore, of the hardships they experienced, which were as unexpected as severe. They were come here with the most extravagant expectations, and had promised themselves immense riches, with a life of ease. Now they were obliged to work daily under a burning sun, like common laborers. What a contrast! The unhealthiness of the air, which produced drowsiness and various diseases, aggravated still more their unhappy fate; and to add to this, they soon experienced a scarcity of the necessities of life, which effeminate Europeans could but ill dispense and the golden mountains, which they had promised themselves—where were they? They were not even permitted to go in search of them, because their self-conceited Admiral was determined to have his town finished, before any of them were permitted to go into the interior of the country. All these were reasons for discontent, which at length ripened into a plot against the life of Columbus: fortunately, the fire was discovered before it broke out into a flame. The leader of the conspiracy was seized; some were punished, others were sent back to Spain, in order to take their trials. At the same time Columbus requested the King to send him a reinforcement of troops, and a fresh supply of provisions. Meanwhile, in order to divert the discontent of his people, he undertook, with a part of them, an excursion up the country. For so doing, he had another motive; he wished to convince the natives of the great superiority of European soldiers. With this intention, he marched his troops in columns, with colours flying, and martial music, and caused the cavalry, especially, to go through their various maneuvers. This struck the Indians with great astonishment. The people had till now never seen a horse, and thought at first that horse and rider were at a loss. 54 M. „ 4 N 4 {vv at I | 13 | 1 ie 14 1 N |'£4 5 0 13" ; 1 | 9 0 b an | 5 +. 00M 14. 14 1 q } i j 4 . 19 een, : »t - / 1! . i. 1 (a | \ } n ow 4. 1 | {Bj P, 4 Minn. i WW '; 10 19, '#: J "x7. ' 0 1 * N 10 N 1 1 1 . J „ 4 4 1 * Wk + 0 * 3.7 1 Fil. af ” | 14-4} "io. 18 13 My : ot 7.  for which they had so little use. But in every brook they found grains and lumps of gold, which the water had washed away from the mountains, and forced down with its streams. This was proof sufficient that the mountains themselves contained rich veins of this metal. With this pleasant news, Werben they returned to Isabella. Columbus, before his departure, had erected a fort at this place, in which he stationed a force sufficient to defend it; but on his return he found the infant colony in a most deplorable state. The provisions were nearly consumed; (they had not yet had time to cultivate the land) and the pestilential diseases, so prevalent in these hot uncultivated countries, had begun to make dreadful havoc. Every one expected soon to be carried off either by famine or disease; every one lamented the folly of having renounced his happiness, his country, and his health, to die of want in a foreign climate; every one cursed the author of their misfortunes, who, by his fascinating description of this new country, had induced them to enter upon so wretched an enterprise. Even the priest, who had accompanied them from Spain, stood at the head of the mutineers, and gave full vent to his — in the bitter reproaches. Fortunately this was not the first storm that Columbus had been called upon to encounter. Experience had furnished him with wisdom adapted to such occasions, and the various dangers we encountered. dangers he had been exposed to, had so fortified his mind, that he was prepared for any trial. He succeeded, therefore, in quelling this new revolt, and once more re-established peace among his people. He had no sooner accomplished his design than he again set sail with the intention of making fresh discoveries. He gave his brother, Don Diego, the command over the people he left behind him. Was this he whom Columbus sent to England? James. No. His name was Juan. Fauth. Right. Don Diego was his second brother. Fred. Why is he called EY Eliza. The word Don is placed before the names of persons of rank in Spain, as the word von is in Germany, or de in France. Fred. So! Fath, Columbus now put to sea, with one large ship and two small ones, intending to direct his course westward. The most important discovery he made upon this voyage was the island of Jamaica. Fath. Which belongs to the English. Fath. The same. As soon as he came to anchor off this place, he sent a boat well armed to sound the harbour. Elisa. Eliza. What is that, Father? Fath. That is, they were to go and throw out the lead in different places, in order to learn if there were water enough for the ship to come in with safety. This boat was soon found by a great number of canoes with armed Indians, who seemed determined to oppose their landing. As these poor creatures could not be persuaded to descend from their purpose; the Spaniards sacrificed them with a shower of arrows, upon which they immediately took flight. Geo. Had these Spanish soldiers no guns with them: Father. The use of guns was at that time by no means general; most soldiers were, therefore, armed with bows and arrows. The harbour being found safe, Columbus ran in, had his ships repaired, and spent the rest of his time there in exploring the country. It appeared to be more valuable than Hiſpaniola, he did not fail to take poſſeſſion of this. iſland alſo, in the name of his Catholic Majeſty. hag Fred. Who is he? Fath.. Do you notremember, Frederick, that this is the title of the-King of Spain. _ Bred. Of yen. © Fath. From hence he failed towards Cuba, W ith. the view of examining whether this ifland, M 3 which, — — RO a5 = = — E. = l — — * — — — =—_ = — * 5 * * - — 2 ̃ ——.. ä  ©. T EA . es REED, I ” — 2 Y — 2 - = 2 = {I #% — — r -  difficulties; observe the composure of countenance he yet maintains; still hoping by his example to restore cheerfulness and courage to the minds of his mind. L 127 1 companions; and judge from your own feelings whether an old author does not speak the truth, when he says, there is not a grander sight in the world than a brave man encountering difficulties. At several places where he landed in Cuba, he learned from the natives that it was really an island. In some parts of it, the quantities of birds and insects were so great that sometimes in the clearest day the sun could not be seen for them, and the air was darkened by them as in a thunder storm. On the north side he found the sea covered with an innumerable multitude of small islands, to which he gave the name of Queen's Garden. In the midst of them they net with a canoe of fishermen, whose method of fishing was so singular that it deserves to be mentioned. They used a particular kind of fish, about the size of a herring, called ves, and which is said to have remarkably sharp teeth. They tied this fish by the tail, and then threw it into the water. When it met with any other fish it immediately fastened upon them, and the sea by this means drew out their prey. The Spaniards saw them take out in this manner a turtle of one hundred pounds weight, upon the neck of which this small fish had fastened. tened itself. So soon as the fishermen discovered the boat coming towards them, they made signs to the men. 46 WL BS 08. (1 TI i J. van *. 0G ' 1 VS 6 1 4 N y .J. 1 sf el 7297 $54 i i. £8 * 1 x 15 { { (118 hl if bk Fi I. i 1 ROVER 11 230; 0 | 1 it Wy ne MA. 1 „ „N 1 | Fl J fl "tl { IN. 0 0 in#4 j WT 1 ty 1 135. en 1. 0 p Ui 4 14 wh Nn II. j | 0 4 k wt ' Nen 1. Wa, } % » tht 4.4 i "£8 I a N 6* a by f 1 IS 4 [Vis »fh 1 * N.“ N G 4% if us: "or x F 17 1 4 75 * Nn 4 e f 4 THY 612 9 4; 07 Wl PN k enz i ; $4412 - V/ $7108 139 i "ey i » 4% ee 1 ' Trig 4 1 8 Co * .. .. 1 e 4005 ; * 2 W. +24. 08 in. V1 FARE oaks © 4 oh 0 7 4 PI Met i i, 573! bt 7 58 2 bY "og 1 151 1 4 Nai 4 „ i v® 1 18 b * 10 * 2 6 4 ae 10 " 1 8 "is * * 1 1 > o 7.8 | Jie I * 4 ii i. T's. * r 4 bo _— L 28 J the crew not to approach, as though they had some business to settle with their acquaintances. This request was granted, and when they had taken their turtles, they came on board of their own accord, and presented the Admiral with the fruits of their labor. Columbus made such a return for their kindness as he knew would be acceptable. Whilst Columbus was thus cruising among the islands, upon the coast of Cuba, they observed an appearance in the sea, which for its singularity deserves also to be noticed. In one part the sea appeared spotted green and white; in another it was as white as milk; and in a third, to the great astonishment of the sailors, as black as ink. They could not, at all account for these singular appearances. When they again came to anchor off the coast of Cuba, after a very dangerous cruise, in the midst of rocks and shoals, they erected an altar on the strand, at which to perform their devotions. An old cazique approached them, and appeared to pay the greatest attention whilst they went through the whole of the ceremony. When they had concluded, he presented the Admiral with some of the fruits of the island. He then seated himself upon the earth, raised his knees to his chin, and in this posture addressed a speech to the Admiral, which was interpreted to him as follows: "Thou art come into these countries with a force, like unto which we have never seen any; therefore hast thou brought fear and trembling upon us. But know, that in the other world, we are well assured there are two different places for the reception of the departed; one is terrible and full of darkness; this is the inheritance of the wicked; the other is goodly and cheerful; there the lovers of peace, and the friends of mankind, find rest. Does thou believe that even thou must die? Does thou believe that thou shalt inherit according to the good or evil thou hast done? Then do trust, thou wilt not injure those who have never injured thee. What thou hast just been doing is right; for if I am not deceived thou hast been offering up thanks to God. The Admiral answered, with the greatest satisfaction, that he was glad the cazique was acquainted with the immortality of the soul. That he was not come to promote evil; but that his master, the King of Spain, had sent him there for the sole purpose of discovering whether the inhabitants were in the habits of doing injuries to each other, as had been told him of the Caraibs. He had orders to reclaim them from these evil practices, and to  — 3 * # — p A — — wi KY — A > — —  EEE 4 — > = = — - — = AY 4. 7 74 15 "wt 1/8 1,66 e 7% 4. 4 * 4 6 L WILL. 3K) wat s J Il of t * i if 4 {230 --3 that the inhabitants of all these his lands lived in peace with each other. The cazique had scarcely received this answer, when the tears were seen to trickle down his venerable face. He then informed the Admiral, that if the affection he had for his wife and children did not prevent him, he would immediately return with him to Spain. He received a few preX (230 --3 that the inhabitants of all these his lands lived in peace with each other. The cazique had scarcely received this answer, when the tears were seen to trickle down his venerable face. He then informed the Admiral, that if the affection he had for his wife and children did not prevent him, he would immediately return with him to Spain. He received a few preX (230 --3 Agents from them, and appeared to be struck with their value. He then fell on his knees, and asked several times if these people had not descended from heaven. The continual anxiety of mind which Columbus had lately felt, both day and night, began now to threaten the most serious consequences to his health: he gradually sank into a state of debility, which being attended with an almost entire privation of sleep, weakened his memory in a most surprising manner. His recovery was despaired of; and, on this account, they made all the haste in their power to get back again to Isabella. Providence had there prepared him a fight which tended, more than any medicine, to restore his health. Upon his arrival at this place, he found his much beloved brother Bartholomew, who had brought with him the troops, and fresh supplies of provisions, which he had requested might be sent from Spain. This was a double reason for joy, which may be better conceived than described. It was now thirteen long years since these brothers, who loved each other affectionately, on account of the similitude of their dispositions and pursuits, had been separated, without having received any tidings of each other. You may easily suppose, then, how affecting this interview must have been. Bartholomew, as we have already seen, addressed himself to the King of England, and succeeded to the best of his wishes. He immediately set off, therefore, on his return to Spain, in order to communicate this agreeable news to his brother; but learned, in France, that he had himself already executed what he hoped to have affected him in. He therefore hastened his return, in hopes, at least to be in time to attend his brother on his second voyage; but fate so ordered it, that Christopher had set sail a second time before he arrived at Cadiz. He was called to Court, and there received all the honors due to a brother of the discoverer of the new world; and the news of Columbus's disagreeable situation, with his request for fresh supplies arriving, Bartholomew was immediately fixed upon to take them. He flew on the wings of affection, to accomplish an expedition, the FONG of which lay so near his heart. His arm could not have happened at a more reasonable time. The Admiral's indisposition, with the deplorable state of affairs at Hispaniola, made the presence of so courageous and experienced a person as his brother, a blessing. fing, without which, in all probability, both himself and the colony would have been lost. This unexpected good fortune operated so powerfully to his restoration, that he was enabled to prevent the ruin of the infant town which he had just completed. Strange alterations indeed had taken place in his absence: two-thirds of the colony had fallen a sacrifice to the plague. The person whom Columbus had left as commander in chief (his name was Margarita) had revolted; and being unable to accomplish his designs, he had got on board one of the ships, in company with Father Boyl, who was his companion in the revolt, and set sail for Spain. The soldiers who were under his command, after his departure, went in small detachments about the country, and there committed every kind of outrage upon the poor Indians: at length, however, the natives assembled in a body, and killed many of the Spaniards whom they found in the woods. All these occurrences were unfortunate, and such as threatened the colony with destruction. What was still worse, the Indians, who still now had been very peaceable, began to open their eyes to the misfortunes they had reason to fear. Instructed by experience, they cast a glance on futurity, and saw with horror that they had nothing to expect from the strangers, whom at first they had viewed with so much veneration, but slavery and famine. 