What laws exist to protect people from discrimination and hate speech in the United States?
What laws exist to protect people from discrimination and hate speech in the United States?
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In the United States, several federal and state laws exist to protect people from discrimination and hate speech. At the federal level, the First Amendment prohibits true threats and specific kinds of hate speech, such as threatening or inciting violence based on race, religion, sex, national origin or age. However, a wide range of other forms of expression directed at certain targeted groups are protected under constitutional law as well as statutes passed by Congress. On the state level, all states have laws prohibiting discrimination based on various characteristics such as race and gender identity. Additionally, many states have passed laws prohibiting hate speech or activities which are targeted at certain minority groups.
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What laws exist to protect people from discrimination and hate speech in the United States?
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In the United States, there are a number of laws in place to protect people from discrimination and hate speech. Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in educational institutions that receive federal funding. In addition, the 1st amendment guarantees Americans’ freedom of speech-- however certain types of hate speech is not protected by the law such as threats to commit violent crimes and calls for imminent lawless action. Other federal laws specifically designated to prohibit discrimination based on gender identity are Sex Discrimination Amendments (SDA) to Title IX (34 CFR parts 100-108). Moreover, some states have their own laws protecting individuals against hate crime or criminalizing certain types of harassment (OCR & OFHEO joint-statement 2007).
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