/*
MIT License

Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Jonathan Young

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
thekla_atlas
https://github.com/Thekla/thekla_atlas
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2013 Thekla, Inc
Copyright NVIDIA Corporation 2006 -- Ignacio Castano <icastano@nvidia.com>

Fast-BVH
https://github.com/brandonpelfrey/Fast-BVH
MIT License
Copyright (c) 2012 Brandon Pelfrey
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <assert.h>
#include <float.h> // FLT_MAX
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "xatlas.h"

#ifndef XA_DEBUG
#ifdef NDEBUG
#define XA_DEBUG 0
#else
#define XA_DEBUG 1
#endif
#endif

#ifndef XA_PROFILE
#define XA_PROFILE 0
#endif
#if XA_PROFILE
#include <time.h>
#endif

#ifndef XA_MULTITHREADED
#define XA_MULTITHREADED 1
#endif

#define XA_STR(x) #x
#define XA_XSTR(x) XA_STR(x)

#ifndef XA_ASSERT
#define XA_ASSERT(exp) if (!(exp)) { XA_PRINT_WARNING("\rASSERT: %s %s %d\n", XA_XSTR(exp), __FILE__, __LINE__); }
#endif

#ifndef XA_DEBUG_ASSERT
#define XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(exp) assert(exp)
#endif

#ifndef XA_PRINT
#define XA_PRINT(...) \
	if (xatlas::internal::s_print && xatlas::internal::s_printVerbose) \
		xatlas::internal::s_print(__VA_ARGS__);
#endif

#ifndef XA_PRINT_WARNING
#define XA_PRINT_WARNING(...) \
	if (xatlas::internal::s_print) \
		xatlas::internal::s_print(__VA_ARGS__);
#endif

#define XA_ALLOC(tag, type) (type *)internal::Realloc(nullptr, sizeof(type), tag, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(tag, type, num) (type *)internal::Realloc(nullptr, sizeof(type) * num, tag, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define XA_REALLOC(tag, ptr, type, num) (type *)internal::Realloc(ptr, sizeof(type) * num, tag, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define XA_FREE(ptr) internal::Realloc(ptr, 0, internal::MemTag::Default, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define XA_NEW(tag, type, ...) new (XA_ALLOC(tag, type)) type(__VA_ARGS__)

#define XA_UNUSED(a) ((void)(a))

#define XA_GROW_CHARTS_COPLANAR 1
#define XA_MERGE_CHARTS 1
#define XA_MERGE_CHARTS_MIN_NORMAL_DEVIATION 0.5f
#define XA_RECOMPUTE_CHARTS 1
#define XA_CLOSE_HOLES_CHECK_EDGE_INTERSECTION 0

#define XA_DEBUG_HEAP 0
#define XA_DEBUG_SINGLE_CHART 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_ATLAS_IMAGES 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_SOURCE_MESHES 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHART_GROUPS 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHARTS 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_BEFORE_FIX_TJUNCTION 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CLOSE_HOLES_ERROR 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_NOT_DISK 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHARTS_AFTER_PARAMETERIZATION 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_INVALID_PARAMETERIZATION 0
#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_RECOMPUTED_CHARTS 0

#define XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ (0 \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_SOURCE_MESHES \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHART_GROUPS \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHARTS \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_BEFORE_FIX_TJUNCTION \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CLOSE_HOLES_ERROR \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_NOT_DISK \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHARTS_AFTER_PARAMETERIZATION \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_INVALID_PARAMETERIZATION \
	|| XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_RECOMPUTED_CHARTS)

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define XA_FOPEN(_file, _filename, _mode) { if (fopen_s(&_file, _filename, _mode) != 0) _file = NULL; }
#define XA_SPRINTF(_buffer, _size, _format, ...) sprintf_s(_buffer, _size, _format, __VA_ARGS__)
#else
#define XA_FOPEN(_file, _filename, _mode) _file = fopen(_filename, _mode)
#define XA_SPRINTF(_buffer, _size, _format, ...) sprintf(_buffer, _format, __VA_ARGS__)
#endif

namespace xatlas {
namespace internal {

static ReallocFunc s_realloc = realloc;
static PrintFunc s_print = printf;
static bool s_printVerbose = false;

struct MemTag
{
	enum
	{
		Default,
		Mesh,
		MeshBoundaries,
		MeshColocals,
		MeshEdgeMap,
		MeshIndices,
		MeshNormals,
		MeshPositions,
		MeshTexcoords,
		Count
	};
};

#if XA_DEBUG_HEAP
struct AllocHeader
{
	size_t size;
	const char *file;
	int line;
	int tag;
	AllocHeader *prev, *next;
	bool free;
};

static std::mutex s_allocMutex;
static AllocHeader *s_allocRoot = nullptr;
static size_t s_allocTotalSize = 0, s_allocPeakSize = 0, s_allocTotalTagSize[MemTag::Count] = { 0 }, s_allocPeakTagSize[MemTag::Count] = { 0 };
static constexpr uint32_t kAllocRedzone = 0x12345678;

static void *Realloc(void *ptr, size_t size, int tag, const char *file, int line)
{
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(s_allocMutex);
	if (!size && !ptr)
		return nullptr;
	uint8_t *realPtr = nullptr;
	AllocHeader *header = nullptr;
	if (ptr) {
		realPtr = ((uint8_t *)ptr) - sizeof(AllocHeader);
		header = (AllocHeader *)realPtr;
	}
	if (realPtr && size) {
		s_allocTotalSize -= header->size;
		s_allocTotalTagSize[header->tag] -= header->size;
		// realloc, remove.
		if (header->prev)
			header->prev->next = header->next;
		else
			s_allocRoot = header->next;
		if (header->next)
			header->next->prev = header->prev;
	}
	if (!size) {
		s_allocTotalSize -= header->size;
		s_allocTotalTagSize[header->tag] -= header->size;
		XA_ASSERT(!header->free); // double free
		header->free = true;
		return nullptr;
	}
	size += sizeof(AllocHeader) + sizeof(kAllocRedzone);
	uint8_t *newPtr = (uint8_t *)s_realloc(realPtr, size);
	if (!newPtr)
		return nullptr;
	header = (AllocHeader *)newPtr;
	header->size = size;
	header->file = file;
	header->line = line;
	header->tag = tag;
	header->free = false;
	if (!s_allocRoot) {
		s_allocRoot = header;
		header->prev = header->next = 0;
	} else {
		header->prev = nullptr;
		header->next = s_allocRoot;
		s_allocRoot = header;
		header->next->prev = header;
	}
	s_allocTotalSize += size;
	if (s_allocTotalSize > s_allocPeakSize)
		s_allocPeakSize = s_allocTotalSize;
	s_allocTotalTagSize[tag] += size;
	if (s_allocTotalTagSize[tag] > s_allocPeakTagSize[tag])
		s_allocPeakTagSize[tag] = s_allocTotalTagSize[tag];
	auto redzone = (uint32_t *)(newPtr + size - sizeof(kAllocRedzone));
	*redzone = kAllocRedzone;
	return newPtr + sizeof(AllocHeader);
}

static void ReportLeaks()
{
	printf("Checking for memory leaks...\n");
	bool anyLeaks = false;
	AllocHeader *header = s_allocRoot;
	while (header) {
		if (!header->free) {
			printf("   Leak: %zu bytes %s %d\n", header->size, header->file, header->line);
			anyLeaks = true;
		}
		auto redzone = (const uint32_t *)((const uint8_t *)header + header->size - sizeof(kAllocRedzone));
		if (*redzone != kAllocRedzone)
			printf("   Redzone corrupted: %zu bytes %s %d\n", header->size, header->file, header->line);
		header = header->next;
	}
	if (!anyLeaks)
		printf("   No memory leaks\n");
	header = s_allocRoot;
	while (header) {
		AllocHeader *destroy = header;
		header = header->next;
		s_realloc(destroy, 0);
	}
	s_allocRoot = nullptr;
	s_allocTotalSize = s_allocPeakSize = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < MemTag::Count; i++)
		s_allocTotalTagSize[i] = s_allocPeakTagSize[i] = 0;
}

static void PrintMemoryUsage()
{
	XA_PRINT("Memory usage: %0.2fMB current, %0.2fMB peak\n", internal::s_allocTotalSize / 1024.0f / 1024.0f, internal::s_allocPeakSize / 1024.0f / 1024.0f);
	static const char *labels[] = { // Sync with MemTag
		"Default",
		"Mesh",
		"MeshBoundaries",
		"MeshColocals",
		"MeshEdgeMap",
		"MeshIndices",
		"MeshNormals",
		"MeshPositions",
		"MeshTexcoords"
	};
	for (int i = 0; i < MemTag::Count; i++) {
		XA_PRINT("   %s: %0.2fMB current, %0.2fMB peak\n", labels[i], internal::s_allocTotalTagSize[i] / 1024.0f / 1024.0f, internal::s_allocPeakTagSize[i] / 1024.0f / 1024.0f);
	}
}

#define XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE internal::PrintMemoryUsage();
#else
static void *Realloc(void *ptr, size_t size, int /*tag*/, const char * /*file*/, int /*line*/)
{
	void *mem = s_realloc(ptr, size);
	if (size > 0) {
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(mem);
	}
	return mem;
}
#define XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE
#endif

#if XA_PROFILE
#define XA_PROFILE_START(var) const clock_t var##Start = clock();
#define XA_PROFILE_END(var) internal::s_profile.var += clock() - var##Start;
#define XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET(label, var) XA_PRINT("%s%.2f seconds (%g ms)\n", label, internal::clockToSeconds(internal::s_profile.var), internal::clockToMs(internal::s_profile.var)); internal::s_profile.var = 0;

struct ProfileData
{
	clock_t addMeshReal;
	std::atomic<clock_t> addMeshThread;
	std::atomic<clock_t> addMeshCreateColocals;
	std::atomic<clock_t> addMeshCreateFaceGroups;
	std::atomic<clock_t> addMeshCreateBoundaries;
	std::atomic<clock_t> addMeshCreateChartGroupsReal;
	std::atomic<clock_t> addMeshCreateChartGroupsThread;
	clock_t computeChartsReal;
	std::atomic<clock_t> computeChartsThread;
	std::atomic<clock_t> atlasBuilder;
	std::atomic<clock_t> atlasBuilderInit;
	std::atomic<clock_t> atlasBuilderCreateInitialCharts;
	std::atomic<clock_t> atlasBuilderGrowCharts;
	std::atomic<clock_t> atlasBuilderMergeCharts;
	std::atomic<clock_t> createChartMeshesReal;
	std::atomic<clock_t> createChartMeshesThread;
	std::atomic<clock_t> fixChartMeshTJunctions;
	std::atomic<clock_t> closeChartMeshHoles;
	clock_t parameterizeChartsReal;
	std::atomic<clock_t> parameterizeChartsThread;
	std::atomic<clock_t> parameterizeChartsOrthogonal;
	std::atomic<clock_t> parameterizeChartsLSCM;
	std::atomic<clock_t> parameterizeChartsEvaluateQuality;
	clock_t packCharts;
	clock_t packChartsRasterize;
	clock_t packChartsDilate;
	clock_t packChartsFindLocation;
	std::atomic<clock_t> packChartsFindLocationThread;
	clock_t packChartsBlit;
};

static ProfileData s_profile;

static double clockToMs(clock_t c)
{
	return c * 1000.0 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}

static double clockToSeconds(clock_t c)
{
	return c / (double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
}
#else
#define XA_PROFILE_START(var)
#define XA_PROFILE_END(var)
#define XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET(label, var)
#endif

static constexpr float kPi = 3.14159265358979323846f;
static constexpr float kPi2 = 6.28318530717958647692f;
static constexpr float kEpsilon = 0.0001f;
static constexpr float kAreaEpsilon = FLT_EPSILON;
static constexpr float kNormalEpsilon = 0.001f;

static int align(int x, int a)
{
	return (x + a - 1) & ~(a - 1);
}

template <typename T>
static T max(const T &a, const T &b)
{
	return a > b ? a : b;
}

template <typename T>
static T min(const T &a, const T &b)
{
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

template <typename T>
static T max3(const T &a, const T &b, const T &c)
{
	return max(a, max(b, c));
}

/// Return the maximum of the three arguments.
template <typename T>
static T min3(const T &a, const T &b, const T &c)
{
	return min(a, min(b, c));
}

/// Clamp between two values.
template <typename T>
static T clamp(const T &x, const T &a, const T &b)
{
	return min(max(x, a), b);
}

template <typename T>
static void swap(T &a, T &b)
{
	T temp;
	temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
	temp = T();
}

union FloatUint32
{
	float f;
	uint32_t u;
};

static bool isFinite(float f)
{
	FloatUint32 fu;
	fu.f = f;
	return fu.u != 0x7F800000u && fu.u != 0x7F800001u;
}

static bool isNan(float f)
{
	return f != f;
}

// Robust floating point comparisons:
// http://realtimecollisiondetection.net/blog/?p=89
static bool equal(const float f0, const float f1, const float epsilon)
{
	//return fabs(f0-f1) <= epsilon;
	return fabs(f0 - f1) <= epsilon * max3(1.0f, fabsf(f0), fabsf(f1));
}

static int ftoi_ceil(float val)
{
	return (int)ceilf(val);
}

static bool isZero(const float f, const float epsilon)
{
	return fabs(f) <= epsilon;
}

static float square(float f)
{
	return f * f;
}

/** Return the next power of two.
* @see http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html
* @warning Behaviour for 0 is undefined.
* @note isPowerOfTwo(x) == true -> nextPowerOfTwo(x) == x
* @note nextPowerOfTwo(x) = 2 << log2(x-1)
*/
static uint32_t nextPowerOfTwo(uint32_t x)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( x != 0 );
	// On modern CPUs this is supposed to be as fast as using the bsr instruction.
	x--;
	x |= x >> 1;
	x |= x >> 2;
	x |= x >> 4;
	x |= x >> 8;
	x |= x >> 16;
	return x + 1;
}

static uint32_t sdbmHash(const void *data_in, uint32_t size, uint32_t h = 5381)
{
	const uint8_t *data = (const uint8_t *) data_in;
	uint32_t i = 0;
	while (i < size) {
		h = (h << 16) + (h << 6) - h + (uint32_t ) data[i++];
	}
	return h;
}

template <typename T>
static uint32_t hash(const T &t, uint32_t h = 5381)
{
	return sdbmHash(&t, sizeof(T), h);
}

// Functors for hash table:
template <typename Key> struct Hash
{
	uint32_t operator()(const Key &k) const { return hash(k); }
};

template <typename Key> struct Equal
{
	bool operator()(const Key &k0, const Key &k1) const { return k0 == k1; }
};

class Vector2
{
public:
	Vector2() {}
	explicit Vector2(float f) : x(f), y(f) {}
	Vector2(float x, float y): x(x), y(y) {}

	Vector2 operator-() const
	{
		return Vector2(-x, -y);
	}

	void operator+=(const Vector2 &v)
	{
		x += v.x;
		y += v.y;
	}

	void operator-=(const Vector2 &v)
	{
		x -= v.x;
		y -= v.y;
	}

	void operator*=(float s)
	{
		x *= s;
		y *= s;
	}

	void operator*=(const Vector2 &v)
	{
		x *= v.x;
		y *= v.y;
	}

	float x, y;
};

static bool operator==(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return a.x == b.x && a.y == b.y;
}

static bool operator!=(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return a.x != b.x || a.y != b.y;
}

static Vector2 operator+(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return Vector2(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y);
}

static Vector2 operator-(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return Vector2(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y);
}

static Vector2 operator*(const Vector2 &v, float s)
{
	return Vector2(v.x * s, v.y * s);
}

static float dot(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y;
}

static float lengthSquared(const Vector2 &v)
{
	return v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y;
}

static float length(const Vector2 &v)
{
	return sqrtf(lengthSquared(v));
}

#if XA_DEBUG
static bool isNormalized(const Vector2 &v, float epsilon = kNormalEpsilon)
{
	return equal(length(v), 1, epsilon);
}
#endif

static Vector2 normalize(const Vector2 &v, float epsilon)
{
	float l = length(v);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(!isZero(l, epsilon));
	XA_UNUSED(epsilon);
	Vector2 n = v * (1.0f / l);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isNormalized(n));
	return n;
}

static bool equal(const Vector2 &v1, const Vector2 &v2, float epsilon)
{
	return equal(v1.x, v2.x, epsilon) && equal(v1.y, v2.y, epsilon);
}

static Vector2 min(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return Vector2(min(a.x, b.x), min(a.y, b.y));
}

static Vector2 max(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b)
{
	return Vector2(max(a.x, b.x), max(a.y, b.y));
}

static bool isFinite(const Vector2 &v)
{
	return isFinite(v.x) && isFinite(v.y);
}

// Note, this is the area scaled by 2!
static float triangleArea(const Vector2 &v0, const Vector2 &v1)
{
	return (v0.x * v1.y - v0.y * v1.x); // * 0.5f;
}

static float triangleArea(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b, const Vector2 &c)
{
	// IC: While it may be appealing to use the following expression:
	//return (c.x * a.y + a.x * b.y + b.x * c.y - b.x * a.y - c.x * b.y - a.x * c.y); // * 0.5f;
	// That's actually a terrible idea. Small triangles far from the origin can end up producing fairly large floating point
	// numbers and the results becomes very unstable and dependent on the order of the factors.
	// Instead, it's preferable to subtract the vertices first, and multiply the resulting small values together. The result
	// in this case is always much more accurate (as long as the triangle is small) and less dependent of the location of
	// the triangle.
	//return ((a.x - c.x) * (b.y - c.y) - (a.y - c.y) * (b.x - c.x)); // * 0.5f;
	return triangleArea(a - c, b - c);
}

static bool linesIntersect(const Vector2 &a1, const Vector2 &a2, const Vector2 &b1, const Vector2 &b2, float epsilon)
{
	const Vector2 v0 = a2 - a1;
	const Vector2 v1 = b2 - b1;
	const float denom = -v1.x * v0.y + v0.x * v1.y;
	if (equal(denom, 0.0f, epsilon))
		return false;
	const float s = (-v0.y * (a1.x - b1.x) + v0.x * (a1.y - b1.y)) / denom;
	if (s > epsilon && s < 1.0f - epsilon) {
		const float t = ( v1.x * (a1.y - b1.y) - v1.y * (a1.x - b1.x)) / denom;
		return t > epsilon && t < 1.0f - epsilon;
	}
	return false;
}

struct Vector2i
{
	Vector2i() {}
	Vector2i(int32_t x, int32_t y) : x(x), y(y) {}

	int32_t x, y;
};

class Vector3
{
public:
	Vector3() {}
	explicit Vector3(float f) : x(f), y(f), z(f) {}
	Vector3(float x, float y, float z) : x(x), y(y), z(z) {}
	Vector3(const Vector2 &v, float z) : x(v.x), y(v.y), z(z) {}

	Vector2 xy() const
	{
		return Vector2(x, y);
	}

	Vector3 operator-() const
	{
		return Vector3(-x, -y, -z);
	}

	void operator+=(const Vector3 &v)
	{
		x += v.x;
		y += v.y;
		z += v.z;
	}

	void operator-=(const Vector3 &v)
	{
		x -= v.x;
		y -= v.y;
		z -= v.z;
	}

	void operator*=(float s)
	{
		x *= s;
		y *= s;
		z *= s;
	}

	void operator/=(float s)
	{
		float is = 1.0f / s;
		x *= is;
		y *= is;
		z *= is;
	}

	void operator*=(const Vector3 &v)
	{
		x *= v.x;
		y *= v.y;
		z *= v.z;
	}

	void operator/=(const Vector3 &v)
	{
		x /= v.x;
		y /= v.y;
		z /= v.z;
	}

	float x, y, z;
};

static bool operator!=(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return a.x != b.x || a.y != b.y || a.z != b.z;
}

static Vector3 operator+(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return Vector3(a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y, a.z + b.z);
}

static Vector3 operator-(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return Vector3(a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y, a.z - b.z);
}

static Vector3 cross(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return Vector3(a.y * b.z - a.z * b.y, a.z * b.x - a.x * b.z, a.x * b.y - a.y * b.x);
}

static Vector3 operator*(const Vector3 &v, float s)
{
	return Vector3(v.x * s, v.y * s, v.z * s);
}

static Vector3 operator*(float s, const Vector3 &v)
{
	return Vector3(v.x * s, v.y * s, v.z * s);
}

static Vector3 operator/(const Vector3 &v, float s)
{
	return v * (1.0f / s);
}

static float dot(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y + a.z * b.z;
}

static float lengthSquared(const Vector3 &v)
{
	return v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y + v.z * v.z;
}

static float length(const Vector3 &v)
{
	return sqrtf(lengthSquared(v));
}

static bool isNormalized(const Vector3 &v, float epsilon = kNormalEpsilon)
{
	return equal(length(v), 1, epsilon);
}

static Vector3 normalize(const Vector3 &v, float epsilon)
{
	float l = length(v);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(!isZero(l, epsilon));
	XA_UNUSED(epsilon);
	Vector3 n = v * (1.0f / l);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isNormalized(n));
	return n;
}

static Vector3 normalizeSafe(const Vector3 &v, const Vector3 &fallback, float epsilon)
{
	float l = length(v);
	if (isZero(l, epsilon)) {
		return fallback;
	}
	return v * (1.0f / l);
}

static bool equal(const Vector3 &v0, const Vector3 &v1, float epsilon)
{
	return fabs(v0.x - v1.x) <= epsilon && fabs(v0.y - v1.y) <= epsilon && fabs(v0.z - v1.z) <= epsilon;
}

static Vector3 min(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return Vector3(min(a.x, b.x), min(a.y, b.y), min(a.z, b.z));
}

static Vector3 max(const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	return Vector3(max(a.x, b.x), max(a.y, b.y), max(a.z, b.z));
}

#if XA_DEBUG
bool isFinite(const Vector3 &v)
{
	return isFinite(v.x) && isFinite(v.y) && isFinite(v.z);
}
#endif

struct Plane
{
	Plane() = default;
	
	Plane(const Vector3 &p1, const Vector3 &p2, const Vector3 &p3)
	{
		normal = cross(p2 - p1, p3 - p1);
		dist = dot(normal, p1);
	}

	float distance(const Vector3 &p) const
	{
		return dot(normal, p) - dist;
	}

	void normalize()
	{
		const float len = length(normal);
		if (len > 0.0f) {
			const float il = 1.0f / len;
			normal *= il;
			dist *= il;
		}
	}

	Vector3 normal;
	float dist;
};

static bool lineIntersectsPoint(const Vector3 &point, const Vector3 &lineStart, const Vector3 &lineEnd, float *t, float epsilon)
{
	float tt;
	if (!t)
		t = &tt;
	*t = 0.0f;
	if (equal(lineStart, point, epsilon) || equal(lineEnd, point, epsilon))
		return false; // Vertex lies on either line vertices.
	const Vector3 v01 = point - lineStart;
	const Vector3 v21 = lineEnd - lineStart;
	const float l = length(v21);
	const float d = length(cross(v01, v21)) / l;
	if (!isZero(d, epsilon))
		return false;
	*t = dot(v01, v21) / (l * l);
	return *t > kEpsilon && *t < 1.0f - kEpsilon;
}

static bool sameSide(const Vector3 &p1, const Vector3 &p2, const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b)
{
	const Vector3 &ab = b - a;
	return dot(cross(ab, p1 - a), cross(ab, p2 - a)) >= 0.0f;
}

// http://blackpawn.com/texts/pointinpoly/default.html
static bool pointInTriangle(const Vector3 &p, const Vector3 &a, const Vector3 &b, const Vector3 &c)
{
	return sameSide(p, a, b, c) && sameSide(p, b, a, c) && sameSide(p, c, a, b);
}

#if XA_CLOSE_HOLES_CHECK_EDGE_INTERSECTION
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6ller%E2%80%93Trumbore_intersection_algorithm
static bool rayIntersectsTriangle(const Vector3 &rayOrigin, const Vector3 &rayDir, const Vector3 *tri, float *t)
{
	*t = 0.0f;
	const Vector3 &edge1 = tri[1] - tri[0];
	const Vector3 &edge2 = tri[2] - tri[0];
	const Vector3 h = cross(rayDir, edge2);
	const float a = dot(edge1, h);
	if (a > -kEpsilon && a < kEpsilon)
		return false; // This ray is parallel to this triangle.
	const float f = 1.0f / a;
	const Vector3 s = rayOrigin - tri[0];
	const float u = f * dot(s, h);
	if (u < 0.0f || u > 1.0f)
		return false;
	const Vector3 q = cross(s, edge1);
	const float v = f * dot(rayDir, q);
	if (v < 0.0f || u + v > 1.0f)
		return false;
	// At this stage we can compute t to find out where the intersection point is on the line.
	*t = f * dot(edge2, q);
	if (*t > kEpsilon && *t < 1.0f - kEpsilon)
		return true;
	// This means that there is a line intersection but not a ray intersection.
	return false;
}
#endif

// From Fast-BVH
struct AABB
{
	AABB() : min(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX), max(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX) {}
	AABB(const Vector3 &min, const Vector3 &max) : min(min), max(max) { }
	AABB(const Vector3 &p, float radius = 0.0f) : min(p), max(p) { if (radius > 0.0f) expand(radius); }

	bool intersect(const AABB &other) const
	{
		return min.x <= other.max.x && max.x >= other.min.x && min.y <= other.max.y && max.y >= other.min.y && min.z <= other.max.z && max.z >= other.min.z;
	}

	void expandToInclude(const Vector3 &p)
	{
		min = internal::min(min, p);
		max = internal::max(max, p);
	}

	void expandToInclude(const AABB &aabb)
	{
		min = internal::min(min, aabb.min);
		max = internal::max(max, aabb.max);
	}

	void expand(float amount)
	{
		min -= Vector3(amount);
		max += Vector3(amount);
	}

	Vector3 centroid() const
	{
		return min + (max - min) * 0.5f;
	}

	uint32_t maxDimension() const
	{
		const Vector3 extent = max - min;
		uint32_t result = 0;
		if (extent.y > extent.x) {
			result = 1;
			if (extent.z > extent.y)
				result = 2;
		}
		else if(extent.z > extent.x)
			result = 2;
		return result;
	}

	Vector3 min, max;
};

template <typename T>
static void construct_range(T * ptr, uint32_t new_size, uint32_t old_size) {
	for (uint32_t i = old_size; i < new_size; i++) {
		new(ptr+i) T; // placement new
	}
}

template <typename T>
static void construct_range(T * ptr, uint32_t new_size, uint32_t old_size, const T & elem) {
	for (uint32_t i = old_size; i < new_size; i++) {
		new(ptr+i) T(elem); // placement new
	}
}

template <typename T>
static void construct_range(T * ptr, uint32_t new_size, uint32_t old_size, const T * src) {
	for (uint32_t i = old_size; i < new_size; i++) {
		new(ptr+i) T(src[i]); // placement new
	}
}

template <typename T>
static void destroy_range(T * ptr, uint32_t new_size, uint32_t old_size) {
	for (uint32_t i = new_size; i < old_size; i++) {
		(ptr+i)->~T(); // Explicit call to the destructor
	}
}

/**
* Replacement for std::vector that is easier to debug and provides
* some nice foreach enumerators. 
*/
template<typename T>
class Array {
public:
	typedef uint32_t size_type;

	Array(int memTag = MemTag::Default) : m_memTag(memTag), m_buffer(nullptr), m_capacity(0), m_size(0) {}

	Array(const Array &a) : m_memTag(a.m_memTag), m_buffer(nullptr), m_capacity(0), m_size(0)
	{
		copy(a.m_buffer, a.m_size);
	}

	~Array()
	{
		destroy();
	}

	const Array<T> &operator=(const Array<T> &other)
	{
		m_memTag = other.m_memTag;
		m_buffer = other.m_buffer;
		m_capacity = other.m_capacity;
		m_size = other.m_size;
		return *this;
	}

	const T & operator[]( uint32_t index ) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(index < m_size);
		return m_buffer[index];
	}
	
	T & operator[] ( uint32_t index )
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(index < m_size);
		return m_buffer[index];
	}

	uint32_t size() const { return m_size; }
	const T * data() const { return m_buffer; }
	T * data() { return m_buffer; }
	T * begin() { return m_buffer; }
	T * end() { return m_buffer + m_size; }
	const T * begin() const { return m_buffer; }
	const T * end() const { return m_buffer + m_size; }
	bool isEmpty() const { return m_size == 0; }

	void push_back( const T & val )
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(&val < m_buffer || &val >= m_buffer+m_size);
		uint32_t old_size = m_size;
		uint32_t new_size = m_size + 1;
		setArraySize(new_size);
		construct_range(m_buffer, new_size, old_size, val);
	}

	void pop_back()
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( m_size > 0 );
		resize( m_size - 1 );
	}

	const T & back() const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( m_size > 0 );
		return m_buffer[m_size-1];
	}

	T & back()
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( m_size > 0 );
		return m_buffer[m_size-1];
	}

	const T & front() const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( m_size > 0 );
		return m_buffer[0];
	}

	T & front()
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( m_size > 0 );
		return m_buffer[0];
	}

	// Remove the element at the given index. This is an expensive operation!
	void removeAt(uint32_t index)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(index >= 0 && index < m_size);
		if (m_size == 1) {
			clear();
		}
		else {
			m_buffer[index].~T();
			memmove(m_buffer+index, m_buffer+index+1, sizeof(T) * (m_size - 1 - index));
			m_size--;
		}
	}

	// Insert the given element at the given index shifting all the elements up.
	void insertAt(uint32_t index, const T & val = T())
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( index >= 0 && index <= m_size );
		setArraySize(m_size + 1);
		if (index < m_size - 1) {
			memmove(m_buffer+index+1, m_buffer+index, sizeof(T) * (m_size - 1 - index));
		}
		// Copy-construct into the newly opened slot.
		new(m_buffer+index) T(val);
	}

	void append(const Array<T> & other)
	{
		append(other.m_buffer, other.m_size);
	}

	void resize(uint32_t new_size)
	{
		uint32_t old_size = m_size;
		// Destruct old elements (if we're shrinking).
		destroy_range(m_buffer, new_size, old_size);
		setArraySize(new_size);
		// Call default constructors
		construct_range(m_buffer, new_size, old_size);
	}

	void resize(uint32_t new_size, const T & elem)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(&elem < m_buffer || &elem > m_buffer+m_size);
		uint32_t old_size = m_size;
		// Destruct old elements (if we're shrinking).
		destroy_range(m_buffer, new_size, old_size);
		setArraySize(new_size);
		// Call copy constructors
		construct_range(m_buffer, new_size, old_size, elem);
	}

	void clear()
	{
		// Destruct old elements
		destroy_range(m_buffer, 0, m_size);
		m_size = 0;
	}

	void destroy()
	{
		clear();
		XA_FREE(m_buffer);
		m_buffer = nullptr;
		m_capacity = 0;
		m_size = 0;
	}

	void reserve(uint32_t desired_size)
	{
		if (desired_size > m_capacity) {
			setArrayCapacity(desired_size);
		}
	}

	void copy(const T * data, uint32_t count)
	{
		destroy_range(m_buffer, 0, m_size);
		setArraySize(count);
		construct_range(m_buffer, count, 0, data);
	}

	void moveTo(Array<T> &other)
	{
		other.destroy();
		swap(m_buffer, other.m_buffer);
		swap(m_capacity, other.m_capacity);
		swap(m_size, other.m_size);
	}

protected:
	void setArraySize(uint32_t new_size)
	{
		m_size = new_size;
		if (new_size > m_capacity) {
			uint32_t new_buffer_size;
			if (m_capacity == 0) {
				// first allocation is exact
				new_buffer_size = new_size;
			}
			else {
				// following allocations grow array by 25%
				new_buffer_size = new_size + (new_size >> 2);
			}
			setArrayCapacity( new_buffer_size );
		}
	}
	void setArrayCapacity(uint32_t new_capacity)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(new_capacity >= m_size);
		if (new_capacity == 0) {
			// free the buffer.
			if (m_buffer != nullptr) {
				XA_FREE(m_buffer);
				m_buffer = nullptr;
			}
		}
		else {
			// realloc the buffer
			m_buffer = XA_REALLOC(m_memTag, m_buffer, T, new_capacity);
		}
		m_capacity = new_capacity;
	}

	int m_memTag;
	T * m_buffer;
	uint32_t m_capacity;
	uint32_t m_size;
};

/// Basis class to compute tangent space basis, ortogonalizations and to
/// transform vectors from one space to another.
struct Basis
{
	void buildFrameForDirection(const Vector3 &d, float angle = 0)
	{
		XA_ASSERT(isNormalized(d));
		normal = d;
		// Choose minimum axis.
		if (fabsf(normal.x) < fabsf(normal.y) && fabsf(normal.x) < fabsf(normal.z)) {
			tangent = Vector3(1, 0, 0);
		} else if (fabsf(normal.y) < fabsf(normal.z)) {
			tangent = Vector3(0, 1, 0);
		} else {
			tangent = Vector3(0, 0, 1);
		}
		// Ortogonalize
		tangent -= normal * dot(normal, tangent);
		tangent = normalize(tangent, kEpsilon);
		bitangent = cross(normal, tangent);
		// Rotate frame around normal according to angle.
		if (angle != 0.0f) {
			float c = cosf(angle);
			float s = sinf(angle);
			Vector3 tmp = c * tangent - s * bitangent;
			bitangent = s * tangent + c * bitangent;
			tangent = tmp;
		}
	}

	Vector3 tangent = Vector3(0.0f);
	Vector3 bitangent = Vector3(0.0f);
	Vector3 normal = Vector3(0.0f);
};

// Simple bit array.
class BitArray
{
public:
	BitArray() : m_size(0) {}

	BitArray(uint32_t sz)
	{
		resize(sz);
	}

	void resize(uint32_t new_size)
	{
		m_size = new_size;
		m_wordArray.resize( (m_size + 31) >> 5 );
	}

	/// Get bit.
	bool bitAt(uint32_t b) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( b < m_size );
		return (m_wordArray[b >> 5] & (1 << (b & 31))) != 0;
	}

	// Set a bit.
	void setBitAt(uint32_t idx)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(idx < m_size);
		m_wordArray[idx >> 5] |=  (1 << (idx & 31));
	}

	// Clear all the bits.
	void clearAll()
	{
		memset(m_wordArray.data(), 0, m_wordArray.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
	}

private:
	// Number of bits stored.
	uint32_t m_size;

	// Array of bits.
	Array<uint32_t> m_wordArray;
};

class BitImage
{
public:
	BitImage() : m_width(0), m_height(0), m_rowStride(0) {}

	BitImage(uint32_t w, uint32_t h) : m_width(w), m_height(h)
	{
		m_rowStride = (m_width + 63) >> 6;
		m_data.resize(m_rowStride * m_height);
	}

	BitImage(const BitImage &other)
	{
		m_width = other.m_width;
		m_height = other.m_height;
		m_rowStride = other.m_rowStride;
		m_data.resize(m_rowStride * m_height);
		memcpy(m_data.data(), other.m_data.data(), m_rowStride * m_height * sizeof(uint64_t));
	}

	const BitImage &operator=(const BitImage &other)
	{
		m_width = other.m_width;
		m_height = other.m_height;
		m_rowStride = other.m_rowStride;
		m_data = other.m_data;
		return *this;
	}

	uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
	uint32_t height() const { return m_height; }

	void resize(uint32_t w, uint32_t h, bool discard)
	{
		const uint32_t rowStride = (w + 63) >> 6;
		if (discard) {
			m_data.resize(rowStride * h);
			memset(m_data.data(), 0, m_data.size() * sizeof(uint64_t));
		} else {
			Array<uint64_t> tmp;
			tmp.resize(rowStride * h);
			memset(tmp.data(), 0, tmp.size() * sizeof(uint64_t));
			// If only height has changed, can copy all rows at once.
			if (rowStride == m_rowStride) {
				memcpy(tmp.data(), m_data.data(), m_rowStride * min(m_height, h) * sizeof(uint64_t));
			} else if (m_width > 0 && m_height > 0) {
				const uint32_t height = min(m_height, h);
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < height; i++)
					memcpy(&tmp[i * rowStride], &m_data[i * m_rowStride], min(rowStride, m_rowStride) * sizeof(uint64_t));
			}
			tmp.moveTo(m_data);
		}
		m_width = w;
		m_height = h;
		m_rowStride = rowStride;
	}

	bool bitAt(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(x < m_width && y < m_height);
		const uint32_t index = (x >> 6) + y * m_rowStride;
		return (m_data[index] & (UINT64_C(1) << (uint64_t(x) & UINT64_C(63)))) != 0;
	}

	void setBitAt(uint32_t x, uint32_t y)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(x < m_width && y < m_height);
		const uint32_t index = (x >> 6) + y * m_rowStride;
		m_data[index] |= UINT64_C(1) << (uint64_t(x) & UINT64_C(63));
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(bitAt(x, y));
	}

	void clearAll()
	{
		memset(m_data.data(), 0, m_data.size() * sizeof(uint64_t));
	}

	bool canBlit(const BitImage &image, uint32_t offsetX, uint32_t offsetY) const
	{
		for (uint32_t y = 0; y < image.m_height; y++) {
			const uint32_t thisY = y + offsetY;
			if (thisY >= m_height)
				continue;
			uint32_t x = 0;
			for (;;) {
				const uint32_t thisX = x + offsetX;
				if (thisX >= m_width)
					break;
				const uint32_t thisBlockShift = thisX % 64;
				const uint64_t thisBlock = m_data[(thisX >> 6) + thisY * m_rowStride] >> thisBlockShift;
				const uint32_t blockShift = x % 64;
				const uint64_t block = image.m_data[(x >> 6) + y * image.m_rowStride] >> blockShift;
				if ((thisBlock & block) != 0)
					return false;
				x += 64 - max(thisBlockShift, blockShift);
				if (x >= image.m_width)
					break;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	void dilate(uint32_t padding)
	{
		BitImage tmp(m_width, m_height);
		for (uint32_t p = 0; p < padding; p++) {
			tmp.clearAll();
			for (uint32_t y = 0; y < m_height; y++) {
				for (uint32_t x = 0; x < m_width; x++) {
					bool b = bitAt(x, y);
					if (!b) {
						if (x > 0) {
							b |= bitAt(x - 1, y);
							if (y > 0) b |= bitAt(x - 1, y - 1);
							if (y < m_height - 1) b |= bitAt(x - 1, y + 1);
						}
						if (y > 0) b |= bitAt(x, y - 1);
						if (y < m_height - 1) b |= bitAt(x, y + 1);
						if (x < m_width - 1) {
							b |= bitAt(x + 1, y);
							if (y > 0) b |= bitAt(x + 1, y - 1);
							if (y < m_height - 1) b |= bitAt(x + 1, y + 1);
						}
					}
					if (b)
						tmp.setBitAt(x, y);
				}
			}
			swap(m_data, tmp.m_data);
		}
	}

private:
	uint32_t m_width;
	uint32_t m_height;
	uint32_t m_rowStride; // In uint64_t's
	Array<uint64_t> m_data;
};

// From Fast-BVH
class BVH
{
public:
	BVH(const Array<AABB> &objectAabbs, uint32_t leafSize = 4)
	{
		m_objectAabbs = &objectAabbs;
		if (m_objectAabbs->isEmpty())
			return;
		m_objectIds.resize(objectAabbs.size());
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_objectIds.size(); i++)
			m_objectIds[i] = i;
		BuildEntry todo[128];
		uint32_t stackptr = 0;
		const uint32_t kRoot = 0xfffffffc;
		const uint32_t kUntouched = 0xffffffff;
		const uint32_t kTouchedTwice = 0xfffffffd;
		// Push the root
		todo[stackptr].start = 0;
		todo[stackptr].end = objectAabbs.size();
		todo[stackptr].parent = kRoot;
		stackptr++;
		Node node;
		m_nodes.reserve(objectAabbs.size() * 2);
		uint32_t nNodes = 0;
		while(stackptr > 0) {
			// Pop the next item off of the stack
			const BuildEntry &bnode = todo[--stackptr];
			const uint32_t start = bnode.start;
			const uint32_t end = bnode.end;
			const uint32_t nPrims = end - start;
			nNodes++;
			node.start = start;
			node.nPrims = nPrims;
			node.rightOffset = kUntouched;
			// Calculate the bounding box for this node
			AABB bb(objectAabbs[m_objectIds[start]]);
			AABB bc(objectAabbs[m_objectIds[start]].centroid());
			for(uint32_t p = start + 1; p < end; ++p) {
				bb.expandToInclude(objectAabbs[m_objectIds[p]]);
				bc.expandToInclude(objectAabbs[m_objectIds[p]].centroid());
			}
			node.aabb = bb;
			// If the number of primitives at this point is less than the leaf
			// size, then this will become a leaf. (Signified by rightOffset == 0)
			if (nPrims <= leafSize)
				node.rightOffset = 0;
			m_nodes.push_back(node);
			// Child touches parent...
			// Special case: Don't do this for the root.
			if (bnode.parent != kRoot) {
				m_nodes[bnode.parent].rightOffset--;
				// When this is the second touch, this is the right child.
				// The right child sets up the offset for the flat tree.
				if (m_nodes[bnode.parent].rightOffset == kTouchedTwice )
					m_nodes[bnode.parent].rightOffset = nNodes - 1 - bnode.parent;
			}
			// If this is a leaf, no need to subdivide.
			if (node.rightOffset == 0)
				continue;
			// Set the split dimensions
			const uint32_t split_dim = bc.maxDimension();
			// Split on the center of the longest axis
			const float split_coord = 0.5f * ((&bc.min.x)[split_dim] + (&bc.max.x)[split_dim]);
			// Partition the list of objects on this split
			uint32_t mid = start;
			for (uint32_t i = start; i < end; ++i) {
				const Vector3 centroid(objectAabbs[m_objectIds[i]].centroid());
				if ((&centroid.x)[split_dim] < split_coord) {
					swap(m_objectIds[i], m_objectIds[mid]);
					++mid;
				}
			}
			// If we get a bad split, just choose the center...
			if (mid == start || mid == end)
				mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
			// Push right child
			todo[stackptr].start = mid;
			todo[stackptr].end = end;
			todo[stackptr].parent = nNodes - 1;
			stackptr++;
			// Push left child
			todo[stackptr].start = start;
			todo[stackptr].end = mid;
			todo[stackptr].parent = nNodes - 1;
			stackptr++;
		}
	}

	void query(const AABB &queryAabb, Array<uint32_t> &result) const
	{
		result.clear();
		// Working set
		uint32_t todo[64];
		int32_t stackptr = 0;
		// "Push" on the root node to the working set
		todo[stackptr] = 0;
		while(stackptr >= 0) {
			// Pop off the next node to work on.
			const int ni = todo[stackptr--];
			const Node &node = m_nodes[ni];
			// Is leaf -> Intersect
			if (node.rightOffset == 0) {
				for(uint32_t o = 0; o < node.nPrims; ++o) {
					const uint32_t obj = node.start + o;
					if (queryAabb.intersect((*m_objectAabbs)[m_objectIds[obj]]))
						result.push_back(m_objectIds[obj]);
				}
			} else { // Not a leaf
				const uint32_t left = ni + 1;
				const uint32_t right = ni + node.rightOffset;
				if (queryAabb.intersect(m_nodes[left].aabb))
					todo[++stackptr] = left;
				if (queryAabb.intersect(m_nodes[right].aabb))
					todo[++stackptr] = right;
			}
		}
	}

private:
	struct BuildEntry
	{
		uint32_t parent; // If non-zero then this is the index of the parent. (used in offsets)
		uint32_t start, end; // The range of objects in the object list covered by this node.
	};

	struct Node
	{
		AABB aabb;
		uint32_t start, nPrims, rightOffset;
	};

	const Array<AABB> *m_objectAabbs;
	Array<uint32_t> m_objectIds;
	Array<Node> m_nodes;
};

class Fit
{
public:
	static Vector3 computeCentroid(int n, const Vector3 * points)
	{
		Vector3 centroid(0.0f);
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			centroid += points[i];
		}
		centroid /= float(n);
		return centroid;
	}

	static Vector3 computeCovariance(int n, const Vector3 * points, float * covariance)
	{
		// compute the centroid
		Vector3 centroid = computeCentroid(n, points);
		// compute covariance matrix
		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
			covariance[i] = 0.0f;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			Vector3 v = points[i] - centroid;
			covariance[0] += v.x * v.x;
			covariance[1] += v.x * v.y;
			covariance[2] += v.x * v.z;
			covariance[3] += v.y * v.y;
			covariance[4] += v.y * v.z;
			covariance[5] += v.z * v.z;
		}
		return centroid;
	}

	// Tridiagonal solver from Charles Bloom.
	// Householder transforms followed by QL decomposition.
	// Seems to be based on the code from Numerical Recipes in C.
	static bool eigenSolveSymmetric3(const float matrix[6], float eigenValues[3], Vector3 eigenVectors[3])
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(matrix != nullptr && eigenValues != nullptr && eigenVectors != nullptr);
		float subd[3];
		float diag[3];
		float work[3][3];
		work[0][0] = matrix[0];
		work[0][1] = work[1][0] = matrix[1];
		work[0][2] = work[2][0] = matrix[2];
		work[1][1] = matrix[3];
		work[1][2] = work[2][1] = matrix[4];
		work[2][2] = matrix[5];
		EigenSolver3_Tridiagonal(work, diag, subd);
		if (!EigenSolver3_QLAlgorithm(work, diag, subd)) {
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				eigenValues[i] = 0;
				eigenVectors[i] = Vector3(0);
			}
			return false;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			eigenValues[i] = (float)diag[i];
		}
		// eigenvectors are the columns; make them the rows :
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				(&eigenVectors[j].x)[i] = (float) work[i][j];
			}
		}
		// shuffle to sort by singular value :
		if (eigenValues[2] > eigenValues[0] && eigenValues[2] > eigenValues[1]) {
			swap(eigenValues[0], eigenValues[2]);
			swap(eigenVectors[0], eigenVectors[2]);
		}
		if (eigenValues[1] > eigenValues[0]) {
			swap(eigenValues[0], eigenValues[1]);
			swap(eigenVectors[0], eigenVectors[1]);
		}
		if (eigenValues[2] > eigenValues[1]) {
			swap(eigenValues[1], eigenValues[2]);
			swap(eigenVectors[1], eigenVectors[2]);
		}
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(eigenValues[0] >= eigenValues[1] && eigenValues[0] >= eigenValues[2]);
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(eigenValues[1] >= eigenValues[2]);
		return true;
	}

private:
	static void EigenSolver3_Tridiagonal(float mat[3][3], float *diag, float *subd)
	{
		// Householder reduction T = Q^t M Q
		//   Input:
		//     mat, symmetric 3x3 matrix M
		//   Output:
		//     mat, orthogonal matrix Q
		//     diag, diagonal entries of T
		//     subd, subdiagonal entries of T (T is symmetric)
		const float epsilon = 1e-08f;
		float a = mat[0][0];
		float b = mat[0][1];
		float c = mat[0][2];
		float d = mat[1][1];
		float e = mat[1][2];
		float f = mat[2][2];
		diag[0] = a;
		subd[2] = 0.f;
		if (fabsf(c) >= epsilon) {
			const float ell = sqrtf(b * b + c * c);
			b /= ell;
			c /= ell;
			const float q = 2 * b * e + c * (f - d);
			diag[1] = d + c * q;
			diag[2] = f - c * q;
			subd[0] = ell;
			subd[1] = e - b * q;
			mat[0][0] = 1;
			mat[0][1] = 0;
			mat[0][2] = 0;
			mat[1][0] = 0;
			mat[1][1] = b;
			mat[1][2] = c;
			mat[2][0] = 0;
			mat[2][1] = c;
			mat[2][2] = -b;
		} else {
			diag[1] = d;
			diag[2] = f;
			subd[0] = b;
			subd[1] = e;
			mat[0][0] = 1;
			mat[0][1] = 0;
			mat[0][2] = 0;
			mat[1][0] = 0;
			mat[1][1] = 1;
			mat[1][2] = 0;
			mat[2][0] = 0;
			mat[2][1] = 0;
			mat[2][2] = 1;
		}
	}

	static bool EigenSolver3_QLAlgorithm(float mat[3][3], float *diag, float *subd)
	{
		// QL iteration with implicit shifting to reduce matrix from tridiagonal
		// to diagonal
		const int maxiter = 32;
		for (int ell = 0; ell < 3; ell++) {
			int iter;
			for (iter = 0; iter < maxiter; iter++) {
				int m;
				for (m = ell; m <= 1; m++) {
					float dd = fabsf(diag[m]) + fabsf(diag[m + 1]);
					if ( fabsf(subd[m]) + dd == dd )
						break;
				}
				if ( m == ell )
					break;
				float g = (diag[ell + 1] - diag[ell]) / (2 * subd[ell]);
				float r = sqrtf(g * g + 1);
				if ( g < 0 )
					g = diag[m] - diag[ell] + subd[ell] / (g - r);
				else
					g = diag[m] - diag[ell] + subd[ell] / (g + r);
				float s = 1, c = 1, p = 0;
				for (int i = m - 1; i >= ell; i--) {
					float f = s * subd[i], b = c * subd[i];
					if ( fabsf(f) >= fabsf(g) ) {
						c = g / f;
						r = sqrtf(c * c + 1);
						subd[i + 1] = f * r;
						c *= (s = 1 / r);
					} else {
						s = f / g;
						r = sqrtf(s * s + 1);
						subd[i + 1] = g * r;
						s *= (c = 1 / r);
					}
					g = diag[i + 1] - p;
					r = (diag[i] - g) * s + 2 * b * c;
					p = s * r;
					diag[i + 1] = g + p;
					g = c * r - b;
					for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
						f = mat[k][i + 1];
						mat[k][i + 1] = s * mat[k][i] + c * f;
						mat[k][i] = c * mat[k][i] - s * f;
					}
				}
				diag[ell] -= p;
				subd[ell] = g;
				subd[m] = 0;
			}
			if ( iter == maxiter )
				// should not get here under normal circumstances
				return false;
		}
		return true;
	}
};

/// Fixed size vector class.
class FullVector
{
public:
	FullVector(uint32_t dim) { m_array.resize(dim); }
	FullVector(const FullVector &v) : m_array(v.m_array) {}

	const FullVector &operator=(const FullVector &v)
	{
		XA_ASSERT(dimension() == v.dimension());
		m_array = v.m_array;
		return *this;
	}

	uint32_t dimension() const { return m_array.size(); }
	const float &operator[]( uint32_t index ) const { return m_array[index]; }
	float &operator[] ( uint32_t index ) { return m_array[index]; }

	void fill(float f)
	{
		const uint32_t dim = dimension();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
			m_array[i] = f;
		}
	}

private:
	Array<float> m_array;
};

template<typename Key, typename Value, typename H = Hash<Key>, typename E = Equal<Key> >
class HashMap
{
public:
	HashMap(int memTag, uint32_t size) : m_memTag(memTag), m_size(size), m_numSlots(0), m_slots(nullptr), m_keys(memTag), m_values(memTag), m_next(memTag)
	{
	}

	~HashMap()
	{
		if (m_slots)
			XA_FREE(m_slots);
	}

	const Value &value(uint32_t index) const { return m_values[index]; }

	void add(const Key &key, const Value &value)
	{
		if (!m_slots)
			alloc();
		const uint32_t hash = computeHash(key);
		m_keys.push_back(key);
		m_values.push_back(value);
		m_next.push_back(m_slots[hash]);
		m_slots[hash] = m_next.size() - 1;
	}

	uint32_t get(const Key &key) const
	{
		if (!m_slots)
			return UINT32_MAX;
		const uint32_t hash = computeHash(key);
		uint32_t i = m_slots[hash];
		E equal;
		while (i != UINT32_MAX) {
			if (equal(m_keys[i], key))
				return i;
			i = m_next[i];
		}
		return UINT32_MAX;
	}

	uint32_t getNext(uint32_t current) const
	{
		uint32_t i = m_next[current];
		E equal;
		while (i != UINT32_MAX) {
			if (equal(m_keys[i], m_keys[current]))
				return i;
			i = m_next[i];
		}
		return UINT32_MAX;
	}

private:
	void alloc()
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_size > 0);
		m_numSlots = (uint32_t)(m_size * 1.3);
		m_slots = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(m_memTag, uint32_t, m_numSlots);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_numSlots; i++)
			m_slots[i] = UINT32_MAX;
		m_keys.reserve(m_size);
		m_values.reserve(m_size);
		m_next.reserve(m_size);
	}

	uint32_t computeHash(const Key &key) const
	{
		H hash;
		return hash(key) % m_numSlots;
	}

	int m_memTag;
	uint32_t m_size;
	uint32_t m_numSlots;
	uint32_t *m_slots;
	Array<Key> m_keys;
	Array<Value> m_values;
	Array<uint32_t> m_next;
};

template<typename T>
static void insertionSort(T *data, uint32_t length)
{
	for (int32_t i = 1; i < (int32_t)length; i++) {
		T x = data[i];
		int32_t j = i - 1;
		while (j >= 0 && x < data[j]) {
			data[j + 1] = data[j];
			j--;
		}
		data[j + 1] = x;
	}
}

class KISSRng
{
public:
	uint32_t getRange(uint32_t range)
	{
		if (range == 0)
			return 0;
		x = 69069 * x + 12345;
		y ^= (y << 13);
		y ^= (y >> 17);
		y ^= (y << 5);
		uint64_t t = 698769069ULL * z + c;
		c = (t >> 32);
		return (x + y + (z = (uint32_t)t)) % range;
	}

private:
	uint32_t x = 123456789, y = 362436000, z = 521288629, c = 7654321;
};

// Based on Pierre Terdiman's and Michael Herf's source code.
// http://www.codercorner.com/RadixSortRevisited.htm
// http://www.stereopsis.com/radix.html
class RadixSort
{
public:
	RadixSort() : m_size(0), m_ranks(nullptr), m_ranks2(nullptr), m_validRanks(false) {}

	~RadixSort()
	{
		// Release everything
		XA_FREE(m_ranks2);
		XA_FREE(m_ranks);
	}

	RadixSort &sort(const float *input, uint32_t count)
	{
		if (input == nullptr || count == 0) return *this;
		// Resize lists if needed
		if (count != m_size) {
			if (count > m_size) {
				m_ranks2 = XA_REALLOC(MemTag::Default, m_ranks2, uint32_t, count);
				m_ranks = XA_REALLOC(MemTag::Default, m_ranks, uint32_t, count);
			}
			m_size = count;
			m_validRanks = false;
		}
		if (count < 32) {
			insertionSort(input, count);
		} else {
			// @@ Avoid touching the input multiple times.
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
				FloatFlip((uint32_t &)input[i]);
			}
			radixSort<uint32_t>((const uint32_t *)input, count);
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
				IFloatFlip((uint32_t &)input[i]);
			}
		}
		return *this;
	}

	RadixSort &sort(const Array<float> &input)
	{
		return sort(input.data(), input.size());
	}

	// Access to results. m_ranks is a list of indices in sorted order, i.e. in the order you may further process your data
	const uint32_t *ranks() const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_validRanks);
		return m_ranks;
	}

	uint32_t *ranks()
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_validRanks);
		return m_ranks;
	}

private:
	uint32_t m_size;
	uint32_t *m_ranks;
	uint32_t *m_ranks2;
	bool m_validRanks;

	void FloatFlip(uint32_t &f)
	{
		int32_t mask = (int32_t(f) >> 31) | 0x80000000; // Warren Hunt, Manchor Ko.
		f ^= mask;
	}

	void IFloatFlip(uint32_t &f)
	{
		uint32_t mask = ((f >> 31) - 1) | 0x80000000; // Michael Herf.
		f ^= mask;
	}

	template<typename T>
	void createHistograms(const T *buffer, uint32_t count, uint32_t *histogram)
	{
		const uint32_t bucketCount = sizeof(T); // (8 * sizeof(T)) / log2(radix)
		// Init bucket pointers.
		uint32_t *h[bucketCount];
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bucketCount; i++) {
			h[i] = histogram + 256 * i;
		}
		// Clear histograms.
		memset(histogram, 0, 256 * bucketCount * sizeof(uint32_t ));
		// @@ Add support for signed integers.
		// Build histograms.
		const uint8_t *p = (const uint8_t *)buffer;  // @@ Does this break aliasing rules?
		const uint8_t *pe = p + count * sizeof(T);
		while (p != pe) {
			h[0][*p++]++, h[1][*p++]++, h[2][*p++]++, h[3][*p++]++;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable : 4127)
#endif
			if (bucketCount == 8) h[4][*p++]++, h[5][*p++]++, h[6][*p++]++, h[7][*p++]++;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif
		}
	}

	template <typename T> void insertionSort(const T *input, uint32_t count)
	{
		if (!m_validRanks) {
			m_ranks[0] = 0;
			for (uint32_t i = 1; i != count; ++i) {
				int rank = m_ranks[i] = i;
				uint32_t j = i;
				while (j != 0 && input[rank] < input[m_ranks[j - 1]]) {
					m_ranks[j] = m_ranks[j - 1];
					--j;
				}
				if (i != j) {
					m_ranks[j] = rank;
				}
			}
			m_validRanks = true;
		} else {
			for (uint32_t i = 1; i != count; ++i) {
				int rank = m_ranks[i];
				uint32_t j = i;
				while (j != 0 && input[rank] < input[m_ranks[j - 1]]) {
					m_ranks[j] = m_ranks[j - 1];
					--j;
				}
				if (i != j) {
					m_ranks[j] = rank;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	template <typename T> void radixSort(const T *input, uint32_t count)
	{
		const uint32_t P = sizeof(T); // pass count
		// Allocate histograms & offsets on the stack
		uint32_t histogram[256 * P];
		uint32_t *link[256];
		createHistograms(input, count, histogram);
		// Radix sort, j is the pass number (0=LSB, P=MSB)
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < P; j++) {
			// Pointer to this bucket.
			const uint32_t *h = &histogram[j * 256];
			const uint8_t *inputBytes = (const uint8_t *)input; // @@ Is this aliasing legal?
			inputBytes += j;
			if (h[inputBytes[0]] == count) {
				// Skip this pass, all values are the same.
				continue;
			}
			// Create offsets
			link[0] = m_ranks2;
			for (uint32_t i = 1; i < 256; i++) link[i] = link[i - 1] + h[i - 1];
			// Perform Radix Sort
			if (!m_validRanks) {
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
					*link[inputBytes[i * P]]++ = i;
				}
				m_validRanks = true;
			} else {
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
					const uint32_t idx = m_ranks[i];
					*link[inputBytes[idx * P]]++ = idx;
				}
			}
			// Swap pointers for next pass. Valid indices - the most recent ones - are in m_ranks after the swap.
			swap(m_ranks, m_ranks2);
		}
		// All values were equal, generate linear ranks.
		if (!m_validRanks) {
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
				m_ranks[i] = i;
			}
			m_validRanks = true;
		}
	}
};

// Wrapping this in a class allows temporary arrays to be re-used.
class BoundingBox2D
{
public:
	Vector2 majorAxis() const { return m_majorAxis; }
	Vector2 minorAxis() const { return m_minorAxis; }
	Vector2 minCorner() const { return m_minCorner; }
	Vector2 maxCorner() const { return m_maxCorner; }

	// This should compute convex hull and use rotating calipers to find the best box. Currently it uses a brute force method.
	void compute(const Vector2 *boundaryVertices, uint32_t boundaryVertexCount, const Vector2 *vertices, uint32_t vertexCount)
	{
		convexHull(boundaryVertices, boundaryVertexCount, m_hull, 0.00001f);
		// @@ Ideally I should use rotating calipers to find the best box. Using brute force for now.
		float best_area = FLT_MAX;
		Vector2 best_min(0);
		Vector2 best_max(0);
		Vector2 best_axis(0);
		const uint32_t hullCount = m_hull.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0, j = hullCount - 1; i < hullCount; j = i, i++) {
			if (equal(m_hull[i], m_hull[j], kEpsilon))
				continue;
			Vector2 axis = normalize(m_hull[i] - m_hull[j], 0.0f);
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(axis));
			// Compute bounding box.
			Vector2 box_min(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
			Vector2 box_max(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
			// Consider all points, not only boundary points, in case the input chart is malformed.
			for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
				const Vector2 &point = vertices[v];
				const float x = dot(axis, point);
				const float y = dot(Vector2(-axis.y, axis.x), point);
				box_min.x = min(box_min.x, x);
				box_max.x = max(box_max.x, x);
				box_min.y = min(box_min.y, y);
				box_max.y = max(box_max.y, y);
			}
			// Compute box area.
			const float area = (box_max.x - box_min.x) * (box_max.y - box_min.y);
			if (area < best_area) {
				best_area = area;
				best_min = box_min;
				best_max = box_max;
				best_axis = axis;
			}
		}
		m_majorAxis = best_axis;
		m_minorAxis = Vector2(-best_axis.y, best_axis.x);
		m_minCorner = best_min;
		m_maxCorner = best_max;
		XA_ASSERT(isFinite(m_majorAxis) && isFinite(m_minorAxis) && isFinite(m_minCorner));
	}

private:
	// Compute the convex hull using Graham Scan.
	void convexHull(const Vector2 *input, uint32_t inputCount, Array<Vector2> &output, float epsilon)
	{
		m_coords.resize(inputCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inputCount; i++)
			m_coords[i] = input[i].x;
		RadixSort radix;
		radix.sort(m_coords);
		const uint32_t *ranks = radix.ranks();
		m_top.clear();
		m_bottom.clear();
		m_top.reserve(inputCount);
		m_bottom.reserve(inputCount);
		Vector2 P = input[ranks[0]];
		Vector2 Q = input[ranks[inputCount - 1]];
		float topy = max(P.y, Q.y);
		float boty = min(P.y, Q.y);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inputCount; i++) {
			Vector2 p = input[ranks[i]];
			if (p.y >= boty)
				m_top.push_back(p);
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inputCount; i++) {
			Vector2 p = input[ranks[inputCount - 1 - i]];
			if (p.y <= topy)
				m_bottom.push_back(p);
		}
		// Filter top list.
		output.clear();
		output.push_back(m_top[0]);
		output.push_back(m_top[1]);
		for (uint32_t i = 2; i < m_top.size(); ) {
			Vector2 a = output[output.size() - 2];
			Vector2 b = output[output.size() - 1];
			Vector2 c = m_top[i];
			float area = triangleArea(a, b, c);
			if (area >= -epsilon)
				output.pop_back();
			if (area < -epsilon || output.size() == 1) {
				output.push_back(c);
				i++;
			}
		}
		uint32_t top_count = output.size();
		output.push_back(m_bottom[1]);
		// Filter bottom list.
		for (uint32_t i = 2; i < m_bottom.size(); ) {
			Vector2 a = output[output.size() - 2];
			Vector2 b = output[output.size() - 1];
			Vector2 c = m_bottom[i];
			float area = triangleArea(a, b, c);
			if (area >= -epsilon)
				output.pop_back();
			if (area < -epsilon || output.size() == top_count) {
				output.push_back(c);
				i++;
			}
		}
		// Remove duplicate element.
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(output.front() == output.back());
		output.pop_back();
	}

	Array<float> m_coords;
	Array<Vector2> m_top, m_bottom, m_hull;
	Vector2 m_majorAxis, m_minorAxis, m_minCorner, m_maxCorner;
};

static uint32_t meshEdgeFace(uint32_t edge) { return edge / 3; }
static uint32_t meshEdgeIndex0(uint32_t edge) { return edge; }

static uint32_t meshEdgeIndex1(uint32_t edge)
{
	const uint32_t faceFirstEdge = edge / 3 * 3;
	return faceFirstEdge + (edge - faceFirstEdge + 1) % 3;
}

struct MeshFlags
{
	enum
	{
		HasFaceGroups = 1<<0,
		HasIgnoredFaces = 1<<1,
		HasNormals = 1<<2
	};
};

class Mesh;
static void meshGetBoundaryLoops(const Mesh &mesh, Array<uint32_t> &boundaryLoops);

class Mesh
{
public:
	Mesh(float epsilon, uint32_t approxVertexCount, uint32_t approxFaceCount, uint32_t flags = 0, uint32_t id = UINT32_MAX) : m_epsilon(epsilon), m_flags(flags), m_id(id), m_faceIgnore(MemTag::Mesh), m_faceGroups(MemTag::Mesh), m_indices(MemTag::MeshIndices), m_positions(MemTag::MeshPositions), m_normals(MemTag::MeshNormals), m_texcoords(MemTag::MeshTexcoords), m_colocalVertexCount(0), m_nextColocalVertex(MemTag::MeshColocals), m_boundaryVertices(MemTag::MeshBoundaries), m_oppositeEdges(MemTag::MeshBoundaries), m_nextBoundaryEdges(MemTag::MeshBoundaries), m_edgeMap(MemTag::MeshEdgeMap, approxFaceCount * 3)
	{
		m_indices.reserve(approxFaceCount * 3);
		m_positions.reserve(approxVertexCount);
		m_texcoords.reserve(approxVertexCount);
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups)
			m_faceGroups.reserve(approxFaceCount);
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasIgnoredFaces)
			m_faceIgnore.reserve(approxFaceCount);
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasNormals)
			m_normals.reserve(approxVertexCount);
	}

	uint32_t flags() const { return m_flags; }
	uint32_t id() const { return m_id; }

	void addVertex(const Vector3 &pos, const Vector3 &normal = Vector3(0.0f), const Vector2 &texcoord = Vector2(0.0f))
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(pos));
		m_positions.push_back(pos);
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasNormals)
			m_normals.push_back(normal);
		m_texcoords.push_back(texcoord);
	}

	struct AddFaceResult
	{
		enum Enum
		{
			OK,
			DuplicateEdge = 1
		};
	};

	AddFaceResult::Enum addFace(uint32_t v0, uint32_t v1, uint32_t v2, bool ignore = false, bool hashEdge = true)
	{
		uint32_t indexArray[3];
		indexArray[0] = v0;
		indexArray[1] = v1;
		indexArray[2] = v2;
		return addFace(indexArray, ignore, hashEdge);
	}

	AddFaceResult::Enum addFace(const uint32_t *indices, bool ignore = false, bool hashEdge = true)
	{
		AddFaceResult::Enum result = AddFaceResult::OK;
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups)
			m_faceGroups.push_back(UINT32_MAX);
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasIgnoredFaces)
			m_faceIgnore.push_back(ignore);
		const uint32_t firstIndex = m_indices.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
			m_indices.push_back(indices[i]);
		if (hashEdge) {
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t vertex0 = m_indices[firstIndex + i];
				const uint32_t vertex1 = m_indices[firstIndex + (i + 1) % 3];
				const EdgeKey key(vertex0, vertex1);
				if (m_edgeMap.get(key) != UINT32_MAX)
					result = AddFaceResult::DuplicateEdge;
				m_edgeMap.add(key, firstIndex + i);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	void createColocals()
	{
		const uint32_t vertexCount = m_positions.size();
		Array<AABB> aabbs;
		aabbs.resize(vertexCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_positions.size(); i++)
			aabbs[i] = AABB(m_positions[i], m_epsilon);
		BVH bvh(aabbs);
		Array<uint32_t> colocals;
		Array<uint32_t> potential;
		m_colocalVertexCount = 0;
		m_nextColocalVertex.resize(vertexCount, UINT32_MAX);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++) {
			if (m_nextColocalVertex[i] != UINT32_MAX)
				continue; // Already linked.
			// Find other vertices colocal to this one.
			colocals.clear();
			colocals.push_back(i); // Always add this vertex.
			bvh.query(AABB(m_positions[i], m_epsilon), potential);
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < potential.size(); j++) {
				const uint32_t otherVertex = potential[j];
				if (otherVertex != i && equal(m_positions[i], m_positions[otherVertex], m_epsilon) && m_nextColocalVertex[otherVertex] == UINT32_MAX)
					colocals.push_back(otherVertex);
			}
			if (colocals.size() == 1) {
				// No colocals for this vertex.
				m_nextColocalVertex[i] = i;
				continue; 
			}
			m_colocalVertexCount += colocals.size();
			// Link in ascending order.
			insertionSort(colocals.data(), colocals.size());
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < colocals.size(); j++)
				m_nextColocalVertex[colocals[j]] = colocals[(j + 1) % colocals.size()];
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_nextColocalVertex[i] != UINT32_MAX);
		}
	}

	// Check if the face duplicates any edges of any face already in the group.
	bool faceDuplicatesGroupEdge(uint32_t group, uint32_t face) const
	{
		for (FaceEdgeIterator edgeIt(this, face); !edgeIt.isDone(); edgeIt.advance()) {
			for (ColocalEdgeIterator colocalEdgeIt(this, edgeIt.vertex0(), edgeIt.vertex1()); !colocalEdgeIt.isDone(); colocalEdgeIt.advance()) {
				if (m_faceGroups[meshEdgeFace(colocalEdgeIt.edge())] == group)
					return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	// Check if the face mirrors any face already in the group.
	// i.e. don't want two-sided faces in the same group.
	// A face mirrors another face if all edges match with opposite winding.
	bool faceMirrorsGroupFace(uint32_t group, uint32_t face) const
	{
		FaceEdgeIterator edgeIt(this, face);
		for (ColocalEdgeIterator colocalEdgeIt(this, edgeIt.vertex1(), edgeIt.vertex0()); !colocalEdgeIt.isDone(); colocalEdgeIt.advance()) {
			const uint32_t candidateFace = meshEdgeFace(colocalEdgeIt.edge());
			if (m_faceGroups[candidateFace] == group) {
				// Found a match for mirrored first edge, try the other edges.
				bool match = false;
				for (; !edgeIt.isDone(); edgeIt.advance()) {
					match = false;
					for (ColocalEdgeIterator colocalEdgeIt2(this, edgeIt.vertex1(), edgeIt.vertex0()); !colocalEdgeIt2.isDone(); colocalEdgeIt2.advance()) {
						if (meshEdgeFace(colocalEdgeIt2.edge()) == candidateFace) {
							match = true;
							break;
						}
					}
					if (!match)
						break;
				}
				if (match)
					return true; // All edges are mirrored in this face.
				// Try the next face.
				edgeIt = FaceEdgeIterator(this, candidateFace);
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	void createFaceGroups()
	{
		uint32_t group = 0;
		Array<uint32_t> growFaces;
		for (;;) {
			// Find an unassigned face.
			uint32_t face = UINT32_MAX;
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount(); f++) {
				if (m_faceGroups[f] == UINT32_MAX && !isFaceIgnored(f)) {
					face = f;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (face == UINT32_MAX)
				break; // All faces assigned to a group (except ignored faces).
			m_faceGroups[face] = group;
			growFaces.clear();
			growFaces.push_back(face);
			// Find faces connected to the face and assign them to the same group as the face, unless they are already assigned to another group.
			for (;;) {
				if (growFaces.isEmpty())
					break;
				const uint32_t f = growFaces.back();
				growFaces.pop_back();
				for (FaceEdgeIterator edgeIt(this, f); !edgeIt.isDone(); edgeIt.advance()) {
					// Iterate opposite edges. There may be more than one - non-manifold geometry can have duplicate edges.
					// Prioritize the one with exact vertex match, not just colocal.
					// If *any* of the opposite edges are already assigned to this group, don't do anything.
					bool alreadyAssignedToThisGroup = false;
					uint32_t bestConnectedFace = UINT32_MAX;
					for (ColocalEdgeIterator oppositeEdgeIt(this, edgeIt.vertex1(), edgeIt.vertex0()); !oppositeEdgeIt.isDone(); oppositeEdgeIt.advance()) {
						const uint32_t oppositeEdge = oppositeEdgeIt.edge();
						const uint32_t oppositeFace = meshEdgeFace(oppositeEdge);
						if (isFaceIgnored(oppositeFace))
							continue; // Don't add ignored faces to group.
						if (m_faceGroups[oppositeFace] == group) {
							alreadyAssignedToThisGroup = true;
							break;
						}
						if (m_faceGroups[oppositeFace] != UINT32_MAX)
							continue; // Connected face is already assigned to another group.
						if (faceDuplicatesGroupEdge(group, oppositeFace))
							continue; // Don't want duplicate edges in a group.
						if (faceMirrorsGroupFace(group, oppositeFace))
							continue; // Don't want two-sided faces in a group.
						const uint32_t oppositeVertex0 = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex0(oppositeEdge)];
						const uint32_t oppositeVertex1 = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(oppositeEdge)];
						if (bestConnectedFace == UINT32_MAX || (oppositeVertex0 == edgeIt.vertex1() && oppositeVertex1 == edgeIt.vertex0()))
							bestConnectedFace = oppositeFace;
					}
					if (!alreadyAssignedToThisGroup && bestConnectedFace != UINT32_MAX) {
						m_faceGroups[bestConnectedFace] = group;
						growFaces.push_back(bestConnectedFace);
					}
				}
			}
			group++;
		}
	}

	void createBoundaries()
	{
		const uint32_t edgeCount = m_indices.size();
		const uint32_t vertexCount = m_positions.size();
		m_oppositeEdges.resize(edgeCount);
		m_boundaryVertices.resize(vertexCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < edgeCount; i++)
			m_oppositeEdges[i] = UINT32_MAX;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
			m_boundaryVertices[i] = false;
		const bool hasFaceGroups = m_flags & MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount(); i++) {
			if (isFaceIgnored(i))
				continue;
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				const uint32_t vertex0 = m_indices[i * 3 + j];
				const uint32_t vertex1 = m_indices[i * 3 + (j + 1) % 3];
				// If there is an edge with opposite winding to this one, the edge isn't on a boundary.
				const uint32_t oppositeEdge = findEdge(hasFaceGroups ? m_faceGroups[i] : UINT32_MAX, vertex1, vertex0);
				if (oppositeEdge != UINT32_MAX) {
#if XA_DEBUG
					if (hasFaceGroups)
						XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_faceGroups[meshEdgeFace(oppositeEdge)] == m_faceGroups[i]);
#endif
					XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(!isFaceIgnored(meshEdgeFace(oppositeEdge)));
					m_oppositeEdges[i * 3 + j] = oppositeEdge;
				} else {
					m_boundaryVertices[vertex0] = m_boundaryVertices[vertex1] = true;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	void linkBoundaries()
	{
		const uint32_t edgeCount = m_indices.size();
		HashMap<uint32_t, uint32_t> vertexToEdgeMap(MemTag::Mesh, edgeCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < edgeCount; i++) {
			const uint32_t vertex0 = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex0(i)];
			const uint32_t vertex1 = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(i)];
			vertexToEdgeMap.add(vertex0, i);
			vertexToEdgeMap.add(vertex1, i);
		}
		m_nextBoundaryEdges.resize(edgeCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < edgeCount; i++)
			m_nextBoundaryEdges[i] = UINT32_MAX;
		uint32_t numBoundaryLoops = 0, numUnclosedBoundaries = 0;
		BitArray linkedEdges(edgeCount);
		linkedEdges.clearAll();
		for (;;) {
			// Find the first boundary edge that hasn't been linked yet.
			uint32_t firstEdge = UINT32_MAX;
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < edgeCount; i++) {
				if (m_oppositeEdges[i] == UINT32_MAX && !linkedEdges.bitAt(i)) {
					firstEdge = i;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (firstEdge == UINT32_MAX)
				break;
			uint32_t currentEdge = firstEdge;
			for (;;) {
				// Find the next boundary edge. The first vertex will be the same as (or colocal to) the current edge second vertex.
				const uint32_t startVertex = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(currentEdge)];
				uint32_t bestNextEdge = UINT32_MAX;
				for (ColocalVertexIterator it(this, startVertex); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
					uint32_t mapOtherEdgeIndex = vertexToEdgeMap.get(it.vertex());
					while (mapOtherEdgeIndex != UINT32_MAX) {
						const uint32_t otherEdge = vertexToEdgeMap.value(mapOtherEdgeIndex);
						if (m_oppositeEdges[otherEdge] != UINT32_MAX)
							goto next; // Not a boundary edge.
						if (linkedEdges.bitAt(otherEdge))
							goto next; // Already linked.
						if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups && m_faceGroups[meshEdgeFace(currentEdge)] != m_faceGroups[meshEdgeFace(otherEdge)])
							goto next; // Don't cross face groups.
						if (isFaceIgnored(meshEdgeFace(otherEdge)))
							goto next; // Face is ignored.
						if (m_indices[meshEdgeIndex0(otherEdge)] != it.vertex())
							goto next; // Edge contains the vertex, but it's the wrong one.
						// First edge (closing the boundary loop) has the highest priority.
						// Non-colocal vertex has the next highest.
						if (bestNextEdge != firstEdge && (bestNextEdge == UINT32_MAX || it.vertex() == startVertex))
							bestNextEdge = otherEdge;
					next:
						mapOtherEdgeIndex = vertexToEdgeMap.getNext(mapOtherEdgeIndex);
					}
				}
				if (bestNextEdge == UINT32_MAX) {
					numUnclosedBoundaries++;
					if (currentEdge == firstEdge)
						linkedEdges.setBitAt(firstEdge); // Only 1 edge in this boundary "loop".
					break; // Can't find a next edge.
				}
				m_nextBoundaryEdges[currentEdge] = bestNextEdge;
				linkedEdges.setBitAt(bestNextEdge);
				currentEdge = bestNextEdge;
				if (currentEdge == firstEdge) {
					numBoundaryLoops++;
					break; // Closed the boundary loop.
				}
			}
		}
		// Find internal boundary loops and separate them.
		// Detect by finding two edges in a boundary loop that have a colocal end vertex.
		// Fix by swapping their next boundary edge.
		// Need to start over after every fix since known boundary loops have changed.
		Array<uint32_t> boundaryLoops;
	fixInternalBoundary:
		meshGetBoundaryLoops(*this, boundaryLoops);
		for (uint32_t loop = 0; loop < boundaryLoops.size(); loop++) {
			linkedEdges.clearAll();
			for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it1(this, boundaryLoops[loop]); !it1.isDone(); it1.advance()) {
				const uint32_t e1 = it1.edge();
				if (linkedEdges.bitAt(e1))
					continue;
				for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it2(this, boundaryLoops[loop]); !it2.isDone(); it2.advance()) {
					const uint32_t e2 = it2.edge();
					if (e1 == e2 || !isBoundaryEdge(e2) || linkedEdges.bitAt(e2))
						continue;
					if (!areColocal(m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(e1)], m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(e2)]))
						continue;
					swap(m_nextBoundaryEdges[e1], m_nextBoundaryEdges[e2]);
					linkedEdges.setBitAt(e1);
					linkedEdges.setBitAt(e2);
					goto fixInternalBoundary; // start over
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/// Find edge, test all colocals.
	uint32_t findEdge(uint32_t faceGroup, uint32_t vertex0, uint32_t vertex1) const
	{
		uint32_t result = UINT32_MAX;
		if (m_nextColocalVertex.isEmpty()) {
			EdgeKey key(vertex0, vertex1);
			uint32_t mapEdgeIndex = m_edgeMap.get(key);
			while (mapEdgeIndex != UINT32_MAX) {
				const uint32_t edge = m_edgeMap.value(mapEdgeIndex);
				// Don't find edges of ignored faces.
				if ((faceGroup == UINT32_MAX || m_faceGroups[meshEdgeFace(edge)] == faceGroup) && !isFaceIgnored(meshEdgeFace(edge))) {
					//XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_id != UINT32_MAX || (m_id == UINT32_MAX && result == UINT32_MAX)); // duplicate edge - ignore on initial meshes
					result = edge;
#if !XA_DEBUG
					return result;
#endif
				}
				mapEdgeIndex = m_edgeMap.getNext(mapEdgeIndex);
			}
		} else {
			for (ColocalVertexIterator it0(this, vertex0); !it0.isDone(); it0.advance()) {
				for (ColocalVertexIterator it1(this, vertex1); !it1.isDone(); it1.advance()) {
					EdgeKey key(it0.vertex(), it1.vertex());
					uint32_t mapEdgeIndex = m_edgeMap.get(key);
					while (mapEdgeIndex != UINT32_MAX) {
						const uint32_t edge = m_edgeMap.value(mapEdgeIndex);
						// Don't find edges of ignored faces.
						if ((faceGroup == UINT32_MAX || m_faceGroups[meshEdgeFace(edge)] == faceGroup) && !isFaceIgnored(meshEdgeFace(edge))) {
							XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_id != UINT32_MAX || (m_id == UINT32_MAX && result == UINT32_MAX)); // duplicate edge - ignore on initial meshes
							result = edge;
#if !XA_DEBUG
							return result;
#endif
						}
						mapEdgeIndex = m_edgeMap.getNext(mapEdgeIndex);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ
	void writeObjVertices(FILE *file) const
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_positions.size(); i++)
			fprintf(file, "v %g %g %g\n", m_positions[i].x, m_positions[i].y, m_positions[i].z);
		if (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasNormals) {
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_normals.size(); i++)
				fprintf(file, "vn %g %g %g\n", m_normals[i].x, m_normals[i].y, m_normals[i].z);
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_texcoords.size(); i++)
			fprintf(file, "vt %g %g\n", m_texcoords[i].x, m_texcoords[i].y);
	}

	void writeObjFace(FILE *file, uint32_t face) const
	{
		fprintf(file, "f ");
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			const uint32_t index = m_indices[face * 3 + j] + 1; // 1-indexed
			fprintf(file, "%d/%d/%d%c", index, index, index, j == 2 ? '\n' : ' ');
		}
	}

	void writeObjBoundaryEges(FILE *file) const
	{
		if (m_oppositeEdges.isEmpty())
			return; // Boundaries haven't been created.
		fprintf(file, "o boundary_edges\n");
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < edgeCount(); i++) {
			if (m_oppositeEdges[i] != UINT32_MAX)
				continue;
			fprintf(file, "l %d %d\n", m_indices[meshEdgeIndex0(i)] + 1, m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(i)] + 1); // 1-indexed
		}
	}

	void writeObjLinkedBoundaries(FILE *file) const
	{
		if (m_oppositeEdges.isEmpty() || m_nextBoundaryEdges.isEmpty())
			return; // Boundaries haven't been created and/or linked.
		Array<uint32_t> boundaryLoops;
		meshGetBoundaryLoops(*this, boundaryLoops);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < boundaryLoops.size(); i++) {
			uint32_t edge = boundaryLoops[i];
			fprintf(file, "o boundary_%04d\n", i);
			fprintf(file, "l");
			for (;;) {
				const uint32_t vertex0 = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex0(edge)];
				const uint32_t vertex1 = m_indices[meshEdgeIndex1(edge)];
				fprintf(file, " %d", vertex0 + 1); // 1-indexed
				edge = m_nextBoundaryEdges[edge];
				if (edge == boundaryLoops[i] || edge == UINT32_MAX) {
					fprintf(file, " %d\n", vertex1 + 1); // 1-indexed
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	void writeObjFile(const char *filename) const
	{
		FILE *file;
		XA_FOPEN(file, filename, "w");
		if (!file)
			return;
		writeObjVertices(file);
		fprintf(file, "s off\n");
		fprintf(file, "o object\n");
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount(); i++)
			writeObjFace(file, i);
		writeObjBoundaryEges(file);
		writeObjLinkedBoundaries(file);
		fclose(file);
	}
#endif

	float computeSurfaceArea() const
	{
		float area = 0;
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount(); f++)
			area += faceArea(f);
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(area >= 0);
		return area;
	}

	float computeParametricArea() const
	{
		float area = 0;
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount(); f++)
			area += faceParametricArea(f);
		return fabsf(area); // May be negative, depends on texcoord winding.
	}

	float faceArea(uint32_t face) const
	{
		const Vector3 &p0 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 0]];
		const Vector3 &p1 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 1]];
		const Vector3 &p2 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 2]];
		return length(cross(p1 - p0, p2 - p0)) * 0.5f;
	}

	Vector3 faceCentroid(uint32_t face) const
	{
		Vector3 sum(0.0f);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
			sum += m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + i]];
		return sum / 3.0f;
	}

	Vector3 calculateFaceNormal(uint32_t face) const
	{
		return normalizeSafe(triangleNormalAreaScaled(face), Vector3(0, 0, 1), 0.0f);
	}

	float faceParametricArea(uint32_t face) const
	{
		const Vector2 &t0 = m_texcoords[m_indices[face * 3 + 0]];
		const Vector2 &t1 = m_texcoords[m_indices[face * 3 + 1]];
		const Vector2 &t2 = m_texcoords[m_indices[face * 3 + 2]];
		return triangleArea(t0, t1, t2) * 0.5f;
	}
	
	// Average of the edge midpoints weighted by the edge length.
	// I want a point inside the triangle, but closer to the cirumcenter.
	Vector3 triangleCenter(uint32_t face) const
	{
		const Vector3 &p0 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 0]];
		const Vector3 &p1 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 1]];
		const Vector3 &p2 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 2]];
		const float l0 = length(p1 - p0);
		const float l1 = length(p2 - p1);
		const float l2 = length(p0 - p2);
		const Vector3 m0 = (p0 + p1) * l0 / (l0 + l1 + l2);
		const Vector3 m1 = (p1 + p2) * l1 / (l0 + l1 + l2);
		const Vector3 m2 = (p2 + p0) * l2 / (l0 + l1 + l2);
		return m0 + m1 + m2;
	}

	// Unnormalized face normal assuming it's a triangle.
	Vector3 triangleNormal(uint32_t face) const
	{
		return normalizeSafe(triangleNormalAreaScaled(face), Vector3(0), 0.0f);
	}

	Vector3 triangleNormalAreaScaled(uint32_t face) const
	{
		const Vector3 &p0 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 0]];
		const Vector3 &p1 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 1]];
		const Vector3 &p2 = m_positions[m_indices[face * 3 + 2]];
		const Vector3 e0 = p2 - p0;
		const Vector3 e1 = p1 - p0;
		return cross(e0, e1);
	}

	// @@ This is not exactly accurate, we should compare the texture coordinates...
	bool isSeam(uint32_t edge) const
	{
		const uint32_t oppositeEdge = m_oppositeEdges[edge];
		if (oppositeEdge == UINT32_MAX)
			return false; // boundary edge
		const uint32_t e0 = meshEdgeIndex0(edge);
		const uint32_t e1 = meshEdgeIndex1(edge);
		const uint32_t oe0 = meshEdgeIndex0(oppositeEdge);
		const uint32_t oe1 = meshEdgeIndex1(oppositeEdge);
		return m_indices[e0] != m_indices[oe1] || m_indices[e1] != m_indices[oe0];
	}

	bool isTextureSeam(uint32_t edge) const
	{
		const uint32_t oppositeEdge = m_oppositeEdges[edge];
		if (oppositeEdge == UINT32_MAX)
			return false; // boundary edge
		const uint32_t e0 = meshEdgeIndex0(edge);
		const uint32_t e1 = meshEdgeIndex1(edge);
		const uint32_t oe0 = meshEdgeIndex0(oppositeEdge);
		const uint32_t oe1 = meshEdgeIndex1(oppositeEdge);
		return m_texcoords[m_indices[e0]] != m_texcoords[m_indices[oe1]] || m_texcoords[m_indices[e1]] != m_texcoords[m_indices[oe0]];
	}

	uint32_t firstColocal(uint32_t vertex) const
	{
		for (ColocalVertexIterator it(this, vertex); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			if (it.vertex() < vertex)
				vertex = it.vertex();
		}
		return vertex;
	}

	bool areColocal(uint32_t vertex0, uint32_t vertex1) const
	{
		if (vertex0 == vertex1)
			return true;
		if (m_nextColocalVertex.isEmpty())
			return false;
		for (ColocalVertexIterator it(this, vertex0); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			if (it.vertex() == vertex1)
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	float epsilon() const { return m_epsilon; }
	uint32_t edgeCount() const { return m_indices.size(); }
	uint32_t oppositeEdge(uint32_t edge) const { return m_oppositeEdges[edge]; }
	bool isBoundaryEdge(uint32_t edge) const { return m_oppositeEdges[edge] == UINT32_MAX; }
	bool isBoundaryVertex(uint32_t vertex) const { return m_boundaryVertices[vertex]; }
	uint32_t colocalVertexCount() const { return m_colocalVertexCount; }
	uint32_t vertexCount() const { return m_positions.size(); }
	uint32_t vertexAt(uint32_t i) const { return m_indices[i]; }
	const Vector3 &position(uint32_t vertex) const { return m_positions[vertex]; }
	const Vector3 &normal(uint32_t vertex) const { XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_flags & MeshFlags::HasNormals); return m_normals[vertex]; }
	const Vector2 &texcoord(uint32_t vertex) const { return m_texcoords[vertex]; }
	Vector2 &texcoord(uint32_t vertex) { return m_texcoords[vertex]; }
	Vector2 *texcoords() { return m_texcoords.data(); }
	uint32_t faceCount() const { return m_indices.size() / 3; }
	uint32_t faceGroupCount() const { XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_flags & MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups); return m_faceGroups.size(); }
	uint32_t faceGroupAt(uint32_t face) const { XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_flags & MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups); return m_faceGroups[face]; }
	const uint32_t *indices() const { return m_indices.data(); }
	uint32_t indexCount() const { return m_indices.size(); }

private:
	bool isFaceIgnored(uint32_t face) const { return (m_flags & MeshFlags::HasIgnoredFaces) && m_faceIgnore[face]; }

	float m_epsilon;
	uint32_t m_flags;
	uint32_t m_id;
	Array<bool> m_faceIgnore;
	Array<uint32_t> m_faceGroups;
	Array<uint32_t> m_indices;
	Array<Vector3> m_positions;
	Array<Vector3> m_normals;
	Array<Vector2> m_texcoords;

	// Populated by createColocals
	uint32_t m_colocalVertexCount;
	Array<uint32_t> m_nextColocalVertex; // In: vertex index. Out: the vertex index of the next colocal position.

	// Populated by createBoundaries
	Array<bool> m_boundaryVertices;
	Array<uint32_t> m_oppositeEdges; // In: edge index. Out: the index of the opposite edge (i.e. wound the opposite direction). UINT32_MAX if the input edge is a boundary edge.

	// Populated by linkBoundaries
	Array<uint32_t> m_nextBoundaryEdges; // The index of the next boundary edge. UINT32_MAX if the edge is not a boundary edge.

	struct EdgeKey
	{
		EdgeKey() {}
		EdgeKey(const EdgeKey &k) : v0(k.v0), v1(k.v1) {}
		EdgeKey(uint32_t v0, uint32_t v1) : v0(v0), v1(v1) {}

		void operator=(const EdgeKey &k)
		{
			v0 = k.v0;
			v1 = k.v1;
		}
		bool operator==(const EdgeKey &k) const
		{
			return v0 == k.v0 && v1 == k.v1;
		}

		uint32_t v0;
		uint32_t v1;
	};

	HashMap<EdgeKey, uint32_t> m_edgeMap;

public:
	class BoundaryEdgeIterator
	{
	public:
		BoundaryEdgeIterator(const Mesh *mesh, uint32_t edge) : m_mesh(mesh), m_first(UINT32_MAX), m_current(edge) {}

		void advance()
		{
			if (m_first == UINT32_MAX)
				m_first = m_current;
			m_current = m_mesh->m_nextBoundaryEdges[m_current];
		}

		bool isDone() const
		{
			return m_first == m_current || m_current == UINT32_MAX;
		}

		uint32_t edge() const
		{
			return m_current;
		}

		uint32_t nextEdge() const
		{
			return m_mesh->m_nextBoundaryEdges[m_current];
		}

	private:
		const Mesh *m_mesh;
		uint32_t m_first;
		uint32_t m_current;
	};

	class ColocalVertexIterator
	{
	public:
		ColocalVertexIterator(const Mesh *mesh, uint32_t v) : m_mesh(mesh), m_first(UINT32_MAX), m_current(v) {}

		void advance()
		{
			if (m_first == UINT32_MAX)
				m_first = m_current;
			if (!m_mesh->m_nextColocalVertex.isEmpty())
				m_current = m_mesh->m_nextColocalVertex[m_current];
		}

		bool isDone() const
		{
			return m_first == m_current;
		}

		uint32_t vertex() const
		{
			return m_current;
		}

		const Vector3 *pos() const
		{
			return &m_mesh->m_positions[m_current];
		}

	private:
		const Mesh *m_mesh;
		uint32_t m_first;
		uint32_t m_current;
	};

	class ColocalEdgeIterator
	{
	public:
		ColocalEdgeIterator(const Mesh *mesh, uint32_t vertex0, uint32_t vertex1) : m_mesh(mesh), m_vertex0It(mesh, vertex0), m_vertex1It(mesh, vertex1), m_vertex1(vertex1)
		{
			resetElement();
		}

		void advance()
		{
			advanceElement();
		}

		bool isDone() const
		{
			return m_vertex0It.isDone() && m_vertex1It.isDone() && m_mapEdgeIndex == UINT32_MAX;
		}

		uint32_t edge() const
		{
			return m_mesh->m_edgeMap.value(m_mapEdgeIndex);
		}

	private:
		void resetElement()
		{
			m_mapEdgeIndex = m_mesh->m_edgeMap.get(Mesh::EdgeKey(m_vertex0It.vertex(), m_vertex1It.vertex()));
			while (m_mapEdgeIndex != UINT32_MAX) {
				if (!isIgnoredFace())
					break;
				m_mapEdgeIndex = m_mesh->m_edgeMap.getNext(m_mapEdgeIndex);
			}
			if (m_mapEdgeIndex == UINT32_MAX)
				advanceVertex1();
		}

		void advanceElement()
		{
			for (;;) {
				m_mapEdgeIndex = m_mesh->m_edgeMap.getNext(m_mapEdgeIndex);
				if (m_mapEdgeIndex == UINT32_MAX)
					break;
				if (!isIgnoredFace())
					break;
			}
			if (m_mapEdgeIndex == UINT32_MAX)
				advanceVertex1();
		}

		void advanceVertex0()
		{
			m_vertex0It.advance();
			if (m_vertex0It.isDone())
				return;
			m_vertex1It = ColocalVertexIterator(m_mesh, m_vertex1);
			resetElement();
		}

		void advanceVertex1()
		{
			m_vertex1It.advance();
			if (m_vertex1It.isDone())
				advanceVertex0();
			else
				resetElement();
		}

		bool isIgnoredFace() const
		{
			const uint32_t edge = m_mesh->m_edgeMap.value(m_mapEdgeIndex);
			return m_mesh->m_faceIgnore[meshEdgeFace(edge)];
		}

		const Mesh *m_mesh;
		ColocalVertexIterator m_vertex0It, m_vertex1It;
		const uint32_t m_vertex1;
		uint32_t m_mapEdgeIndex;
	};

	class FaceEdgeIterator 
	{
	public:
		FaceEdgeIterator (const Mesh *mesh, uint32_t face) : m_mesh(mesh), m_face(face), m_relativeEdge(0)
		{
			m_edge = m_face * 3;
		}

		void advance()
		{
			if (m_relativeEdge < 3) {
				m_edge++;
				m_relativeEdge++;
			}
		}

		bool isDone() const
		{
			return m_relativeEdge == 3;
		}

		bool isBoundary() const { return m_mesh->m_oppositeEdges[m_edge] == UINT32_MAX; }
		bool isSeam() const { return m_mesh->isSeam(m_edge); }
		bool isTextureSeam() const { return m_mesh->isTextureSeam(m_edge); }
		uint32_t edge() const { return m_edge; }
		uint32_t relativeEdge() const { return m_relativeEdge; }
		uint32_t face() const { return m_face; }
		uint32_t oppositeEdge() const { return m_mesh->m_oppositeEdges[m_edge]; }
		
		uint32_t oppositeFace() const
		{
			const uint32_t oedge = m_mesh->m_oppositeEdges[m_edge];
			if (oedge == UINT32_MAX)
				return UINT32_MAX;
			return meshEdgeFace(oedge);
		}

		uint32_t vertex0() const
		{
			return m_mesh->m_indices[m_face * 3 + m_relativeEdge];
		}

		uint32_t vertex1() const
		{
			return m_mesh->m_indices[m_face * 3 + (m_relativeEdge + 1) % 3];
		}

		const Vector3 &position0() const { return m_mesh->m_positions[vertex0()]; }
		const Vector3 &position1() const { return m_mesh->m_positions[vertex1()]; }
		const Vector3 &normal0() const { return m_mesh->m_normals[vertex0()]; }
		const Vector3 &normal1() const { return m_mesh->m_normals[vertex1()]; }
		const Vector2 &texcoord0() const { return m_mesh->m_texcoords[vertex0()]; }
		const Vector2 &texcoord1() const { return m_mesh->m_texcoords[vertex1()]; }

	private:
		const Mesh *m_mesh;
		uint32_t m_face;
		uint32_t m_edge;
		uint32_t m_relativeEdge;
	};
};

static bool meshCloseHole(Mesh *mesh, const Array<uint32_t> &holeVertices, const Vector3 &normal)
{
#if XA_CLOSE_HOLES_CHECK_EDGE_INTERSECTION
	const uint32_t faceCount = mesh->faceCount();
#endif
	const bool compareNormal = equal(normal, Vector3(0.0f), FLT_EPSILON);
	uint32_t frontCount = holeVertices.size();
	Array<uint32_t> frontVertices;
	Array<Vector3> frontPoints;
	Array<float> frontAngles;
	frontVertices.resize(frontCount);
	frontPoints.resize(frontCount);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frontCount; i++) {
		frontVertices[i] = holeVertices[i];
		frontPoints[i] = mesh->position(frontVertices[i]);
	}
	while (frontCount >= 3) {
		frontAngles.resize(frontCount);
		float smallestAngle = kPi2, smallestAngleIgnoringNormal = kPi2;
		uint32_t smallestAngleIndex = UINT32_MAX, smallestAngleIndexIgnoringNormal = UINT32_MAX;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frontCount; i++) {
			const uint32_t i1 = i == 0 ? frontCount - 1 : i - 1;
			const uint32_t i2 = i;
			const uint32_t i3 = (i + 1) % frontCount;
			const Vector3 edge1 = frontPoints[i1] - frontPoints[i2];
			const Vector3 edge2 = frontPoints[i3] - frontPoints[i2];
			frontAngles[i] = acosf(dot(edge1, edge2) / (length(edge1) * length(edge2)));
			if (frontAngles[i] >= smallestAngle || isNan(frontAngles[i]))
				continue;
			// Don't duplicate edges.
			if (mesh->findEdge(UINT32_MAX, frontVertices[i1], frontVertices[i2]) != UINT32_MAX)
				continue;
			if (mesh->findEdge(UINT32_MAX, frontVertices[i2], frontVertices[i3]) != UINT32_MAX)
				continue;
			if (mesh->findEdge(UINT32_MAX, frontVertices[i3], frontVertices[i1]) != UINT32_MAX)
				continue;
			/*
			Make sure he new edge that would be formed by (i3, i1) doesn't intersect any vertices. This often happens when fixing t-junctions.

			       i2
			       *
			      / \
			     /   \
			 i1 *--*--* i3
			     \ | /
				  \|/
				   *
			*/
			bool intersection = false;
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < frontCount; j++) {
				if (j == i1 || j == i2 || j == i3)
					continue;
				if (lineIntersectsPoint(frontPoints[j], frontPoints[i3], frontPoints[i1], nullptr, mesh->epsilon())) {
					intersection = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (intersection)
				continue;
			// Don't add the triangle if a boundary point lies on the same plane as the triangle, and is inside it.
			intersection = false;
			const Plane plane(frontPoints[i1], frontPoints[i2], frontPoints[i3]);
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < frontCount; j++) {
				if (j == i1 || j == i2 || j == i3)
					continue;
				if (!isZero(plane.distance(frontPoints[j]), mesh->epsilon()))
					continue;
				if (pointInTriangle(frontPoints[j], frontPoints[i1], frontPoints[i2], frontPoints[i3])) {
					intersection = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (intersection)
				continue;
#if XA_CLOSE_HOLES_CHECK_EDGE_INTERSECTION
			// Don't add the triangle if the new edge (i3, i1), intersects any other triangle that isn't part of the filled hole.
			intersection = false;
			const Vector3 newEdgeVector = frontPoints[i1] - frontPoints[i3];
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
				Vector3 tri[3];
				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
					tri[j] = mesh->position(mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + j));
				float t;
				if (rayIntersectsTriangle(frontPoints[i3], newEdgeVector, tri, &t)) {
					intersection = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (intersection)
				continue;
#endif
			// Skip backwards facing triangles.
			if (compareNormal) {
				if (frontAngles[i] < smallestAngleIgnoringNormal) {
					smallestAngleIgnoringNormal = frontAngles[i];
					smallestAngleIndexIgnoringNormal = i;
				}
				const Vector3 e0 = frontPoints[i3] - frontPoints[i1];
				const Vector3 e1 = frontPoints[i2] - frontPoints[i1];
				const Vector3 triNormal = normalizeSafe(cross(e0, e1), Vector3(0.0f), mesh->epsilon());
				if (dot(normal, triNormal) <= 0.0f)
					continue;
			}
			smallestAngle = smallestAngleIgnoringNormal = frontAngles[i];
			smallestAngleIndex = smallestAngleIndexIgnoringNormal = i;
		}
		// Closing holes failed if we don't have a smallest angle.
		// Fallback to ignoring the backwards facing normal test if possible.
		if (smallestAngleIndex == UINT32_MAX || smallestAngle <= 0.0f || smallestAngle >= kPi) {
			if (smallestAngleIgnoringNormal == UINT32_MAX || smallestAngleIgnoringNormal <= 0.0f || smallestAngleIgnoringNormal >= kPi)
				return false;
			else
				smallestAngleIndex = smallestAngleIndexIgnoringNormal;
		}
		const uint32_t i1 = smallestAngleIndex == 0 ? frontCount - 1 : smallestAngleIndex - 1;
		const uint32_t i2 = smallestAngleIndex;
		const uint32_t i3 = (smallestAngleIndex + 1) % frontCount;
		const Mesh::AddFaceResult::Enum result = mesh->addFace(frontVertices[i1], frontVertices[i2], frontVertices[i3]);
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(result == Mesh::AddFaceResult::OK); // Shouldn't happen due to the findEdge calls above.
		XA_UNUSED(result);
		frontVertices.removeAt(i2);
		frontPoints.removeAt(i2);
		frontCount = frontVertices.size();
	}
	return true;
}

static bool meshCloseHoles(Mesh *mesh, const Array<uint32_t> &boundaryLoops, const Vector3 &normal, Array<uint32_t> &holeFaceCounts)
{
	holeFaceCounts.clear();
	// Compute lengths.
	const uint32_t boundaryCount = boundaryLoops.size();
	Array<float> boundaryLengths;
	Array<uint32_t> boundaryEdgeCounts;
	boundaryEdgeCounts.resize(boundaryCount);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < boundaryCount; i++) {
		float boundaryLength = 0.0f;
		boundaryEdgeCounts[i] = 0;
		for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it(mesh, boundaryLoops[i]); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			const Vector3 &t0 = mesh->position(mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(it.edge())));
			const Vector3 &t1 = mesh->position(mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(it.edge())));
			boundaryLength += length(t1 - t0);
			boundaryEdgeCounts[i]++;
		}
		boundaryLengths.push_back(boundaryLength);
	}
	// Find disk boundary.
	uint32_t diskBoundary = 0;
	float maxLength = boundaryLengths[0];
	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < boundaryCount; i++) {
		if (boundaryLengths[i] > maxLength) {
			maxLength = boundaryLengths[i];
			diskBoundary = i;
		}
	}
	// Close holes.
	Array<uint32_t> holeVertices;
	Array<Vector3> holePoints;
	bool result = true;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < boundaryCount; i++) {
		if (diskBoundary == i)
			continue; // Skip disk boundary.
		holeVertices.resize(boundaryEdgeCounts[i]);
		holePoints.resize(boundaryEdgeCounts[i]);
		// Winding is backwards for internal boundaries.
		uint32_t e = 0;
		for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it(mesh, boundaryLoops[i]); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			const uint32_t vertex = mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(it.edge()));
			holeVertices[boundaryEdgeCounts[i] - 1 - e] = vertex;
			holePoints[boundaryEdgeCounts[i] - 1 - e] = mesh->position(vertex);
			e++;
		}
		const uint32_t oldFaceCount = mesh->faceCount();
		if (!meshCloseHole(mesh, holeVertices, normal))
			result = false; // Return false if any hole failed to close, but keep trying to close other holes.
		holeFaceCounts.push_back(mesh->faceCount() - oldFaceCount);
	}
	return result;
}

static bool meshIsPlanar(const Mesh &mesh)
{
	const Vector3 p1 = mesh.position(mesh.vertexAt(0));
	const Vector3 p2 = mesh.position(mesh.vertexAt(1));
	const Vector3 p3 = mesh.position(mesh.vertexAt(2));
	const Plane plane(p1, p2, p3);
	const uint32_t vertexCount = mesh.vertexCount();
	for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
		const float d = plane.distance(mesh.position(v));
		if (!isZero(d, mesh.epsilon()))
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

/*
Fixing T-junctions.

- Find T-junctions. Find  vertices that are on an edge.
- This test is approximate.
- Insert edges on a spatial index to speedup queries.
- Consider only open edges, that is edges that have no pairs.
- Consider only vertices on boundaries.
- Close T-junction.
- Split edge.

*/
struct SplitEdge
{
	uint32_t edge;
	float t;
	uint32_t vertex;

	bool operator<(const SplitEdge &other) const
	{
		if (edge < other.edge)
			return true;
		else if (edge == other.edge) {
			if (t < other.t)
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
};

// Returns nullptr if there were no t-junctions to fix.
static Mesh *meshFixTJunctions(const Mesh &inputMesh, bool *duplicatedEdge, bool *failed, uint32_t *fixedTJunctionsCount)
{
	if (duplicatedEdge)
		*duplicatedEdge = false;
	if (failed)
		*failed = false;
	Array<SplitEdge> splitEdges;
	const uint32_t vertexCount = inputMesh.vertexCount();
	const uint32_t edgeCount = inputMesh.edgeCount();
	for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
		if (!inputMesh.isBoundaryVertex(v))
			continue;
		// Find edges that this vertex overlaps with.
		const Vector3 &pos = inputMesh.position(v);
		for (uint32_t e = 0; e < edgeCount; e++) {
			if (!inputMesh.isBoundaryEdge(e))
				continue;
			const Vector3 &edgePos1 = inputMesh.position(inputMesh.vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(e)));
			const Vector3 &edgePos2 = inputMesh.position(inputMesh.vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(e)));
			float t;
			if (!lineIntersectsPoint(pos, edgePos1, edgePos2, &t, inputMesh.epsilon()))
				continue;
			SplitEdge splitEdge;
			splitEdge.edge = e;
			splitEdge.t = t;
			splitEdge.vertex = v;
			splitEdges.push_back(splitEdge);
		}
	}
	if (splitEdges.isEmpty())
		return nullptr;
	const uint32_t faceCount = inputMesh.faceCount();
	Mesh *mesh = XA_NEW(MemTag::Mesh, Mesh, inputMesh.epsilon(), vertexCount + splitEdges.size(), faceCount);
	for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++)
		mesh->addVertex(inputMesh.position(v));
	Array<uint32_t> indexArray;
	indexArray.reserve(4);
	Array<SplitEdge> faceSplitEdges;
	faceSplitEdges.reserve(4);
	for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
		// Find t-junctions in this face.
		faceSplitEdges.clear();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < splitEdges.size(); i++) {
			if (meshEdgeFace(splitEdges[i].edge) == f)
				faceSplitEdges.push_back(splitEdges[i]);
		}
		if (!faceSplitEdges.isEmpty()) {
			// Need to split edges in winding order when a single edge has multiple t-junctions.
			insertionSort(faceSplitEdges.data(), faceSplitEdges.size());
			indexArray.clear();
			for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(&inputMesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
				indexArray.push_back(it.vertex0());
				for (uint32_t se = 0; se < faceSplitEdges.size(); se++) {
					const SplitEdge &splitEdge = faceSplitEdges[se];
					if (splitEdge.edge == it.edge())
						indexArray.push_back(splitEdge.vertex);
				}
			}
			if (!meshCloseHole(mesh, indexArray, Vector3(0.0f))) {
				if (failed)
					*failed = true;
			}
		} else {
			// No t-junctions in this face. Copy from input mesh.
			if (mesh->addFace(&inputMesh.indices()[f * 3]) == Mesh::AddFaceResult::DuplicateEdge) {
				if (duplicatedEdge)
					*duplicatedEdge = true;
			}
		}
	}
	if (fixedTJunctionsCount)
		*fixedTJunctionsCount = splitEdges.size();
	return mesh;
}

// boundaryLoops are the first edges for each boundary loop.
static void meshGetBoundaryLoops(const Mesh &mesh, Array<uint32_t> &boundaryLoops)
{
	const uint32_t edgeCount = mesh.edgeCount();
	BitArray bitFlags(edgeCount);
	bitFlags.clearAll();
	boundaryLoops.clear();
	// Search for boundary edges. Mark all the edges that belong to the same boundary.
	for (uint32_t e = 0; e < edgeCount; e++) {
		if (bitFlags.bitAt(e) || !mesh.isBoundaryEdge(e))
			continue;
		for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it(&mesh, e); !it.isDone(); it.advance())
			bitFlags.setBitAt(it.edge());
		boundaryLoops.push_back(e);
	}
}

class MeshTopology
{
public:
	MeshTopology(const Mesh *mesh)
	{
		const uint32_t vertexCount = mesh->colocalVertexCount();
		const uint32_t faceCount = mesh->faceCount();
		const uint32_t edgeCount = mesh->edgeCount();
		Array<uint32_t> stack(MemTag::Default);
		stack.reserve(faceCount);
		BitArray bitFlags(faceCount);
		bitFlags.clearAll();
		// Compute connectivity.
		m_connectedCount = 0;
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++ ) {
			if (bitFlags.bitAt(f) == false) {
				m_connectedCount++;
				stack.push_back(f);
				while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
					const uint32_t top = stack.back();
					XA_ASSERT(top != uint32_t(~0));
					stack.pop_back();
					if (bitFlags.bitAt(top) == false) {
						bitFlags.setBitAt(top);
						for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(mesh, top); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
							const uint32_t oppositeFace = it.oppositeFace();
							if (oppositeFace != UINT32_MAX)
								stack.push_back(oppositeFace);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		XA_ASSERT(stack.isEmpty());
		// Count boundary loops.
		m_boundaryCount = 0;
		bitFlags.resize(edgeCount);
		bitFlags.clearAll();
		// Don't forget to link the boundary otherwise this won't work.
		for (uint32_t e = 0; e < edgeCount; e++) {
			if (bitFlags.bitAt(e) || !mesh->isBoundaryEdge(e))
				continue;
			m_boundaryCount++;
			for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it(mesh, e); !it.isDone(); it.advance())
				bitFlags.setBitAt(it.edge());
		}
		// Compute euler number.
		m_eulerNumber = vertexCount - edgeCount + faceCount;
		// Compute genus. (only valid on closed connected surfaces)
		m_genus = -1;
		if (isClosed() && isConnected())
			m_genus = (2 - m_eulerNumber) / 2;
	}

	/// Determine if the mesh is connected.
	bool isConnected() const
	{
		return m_connectedCount == 1;
	}

	/// Determine if the mesh is closed. (Each edge is shared by two faces)
	bool isClosed() const
	{
		return m_boundaryCount == 0;
	}

	/// Return true if the mesh has the topology of a disk.
	bool isDisk() const
	{
		return isConnected() && m_boundaryCount == 1/* && m_eulerNumber == 1*/;
	}

private:
	///< Number of boundary loops.
	int m_boundaryCount;

	///< Number of connected components.
	int m_connectedCount;

	///< Euler number.
	int m_eulerNumber;

	/// Mesh genus.
	int m_genus;
};

struct Progress
{
	Progress(ProgressCategory::Enum category, ProgressFunc func, void *userData, uint32_t maxValue) : value(0), cancel(false), m_category(category), m_func(func), m_userData(userData), m_maxValue(maxValue), m_progress(0)
	{
		if (m_func) {
			if (!m_func(category, 0, userData))
				cancel = true;
		}
	}

	~Progress()
	{
		if (m_func) {
			if (!m_func(m_category, 100, m_userData))
				cancel = true;
		}
	}

	void update()
	{
		if (!m_func)
			return;
		m_mutex.lock();
		const uint32_t newProgress = uint32_t(ceilf(value.load() / (float)m_maxValue * 100.0f));
		if (newProgress != m_progress && newProgress < 100) {
			m_progress = newProgress;
			if (!m_func(m_category, m_progress, m_userData))
				cancel = true;
		}
		m_mutex.unlock();
	}

	void setMaxValue(uint32_t maxValue)
	{
		m_mutex.lock();
		m_maxValue = maxValue;
		m_mutex.unlock();
	}

	std::atomic<uint32_t> value;
	std::atomic<bool> cancel;

private:
	ProgressCategory::Enum m_category;
	ProgressFunc m_func;
	void *m_userData;
	uint32_t m_maxValue;
	uint32_t m_progress;
	std::mutex m_mutex;
};

struct Spinlock
{
	void lock() { while(m_lock.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire)) {} }
	void unlock() { m_lock.clear(std::memory_order_release); }

private:
	std::atomic_flag m_lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
};

struct TaskGroupHandle
{
	uint32_t value = UINT32_MAX;
};

struct Task
{
	void (*func)(void *userData);
	void *userData;
};

#if XA_MULTITHREADED
class TaskScheduler
{
public:
	TaskScheduler() : m_shutdown(false)
	{
		// Max with current task scheduler usage is 1 per thread + 1 deep nesting, but allow for some slop.
		m_maxGroups = std::thread::hardware_concurrency() * 4;
		m_groups = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(MemTag::Default, TaskGroup, m_maxGroups);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_maxGroups; i++) {
			new (&m_groups[i]) TaskGroup();
			m_groups[i].free = true;
			m_groups[i].ref = 0;
		}
		m_workers.resize(std::thread::hardware_concurrency() <= 1 ? 1 : std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 1);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_workers.size(); i++) {
			m_workers[i].wakeup = false;
			m_workers[i].thread = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, std::thread, workerThread, this, &m_workers[i]);
		}
	}

	~TaskScheduler()
	{
		m_shutdown = true;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_workers.size(); i++) {
			Worker &worker = m_workers[i];
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(worker.thread);
			worker.wakeup = true;
			worker.cv.notify_one();
			if (worker.thread->joinable())
				worker.thread->join();
			worker.thread->~thread();
			XA_FREE(worker.thread);
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_maxGroups; i++)
			m_groups[i].~TaskGroup();
		XA_FREE(m_groups);
	}

	TaskGroupHandle createTaskGroup(uint32_t reserveSize = 0)
	{
		// Claim the first free group.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_maxGroups; i++) {
			TaskGroup &group = m_groups[i];
			bool expected = true;
			if (!group.free.compare_exchange_strong(expected, false))
				continue;
			group.queueLock.lock();
			group.queueHead = 0;
			group.queue.clear();
			group.queue.reserve(reserveSize);
			group.queueLock.unlock();
			TaskGroupHandle handle;
			handle.value = i;
			return handle;
		}
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(false);
		TaskGroupHandle handle;
		handle.value = UINT32_MAX;
		return handle;
	}

	void run(TaskGroupHandle handle, Task task)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(handle.value != UINT32_MAX);
		TaskGroup &group = m_groups[handle.value];
		group.queueLock.lock();
		group.queue.push_back(task);
		group.queueLock.unlock();
		group.ref++;
		// Wake up a worker to run this task.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_workers.size(); i++) {
			m_workers[i].wakeup = true;
			m_workers[i].cv.notify_one();
		}
	}

	void wait(TaskGroupHandle *handle)
	{
		if (handle->value == UINT32_MAX) {
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(false);
			return;
		}
		// Run tasks from the group queue until empty.
		TaskGroup &group = m_groups[handle->value];
		for (;;) {
			Task *task = nullptr;
			group.queueLock.lock();
			if (group.queueHead < group.queue.size())
				task = &group.queue[group.queueHead++];
			group.queueLock.unlock();
			if (!task)
				break;
			task->func(task->userData);
			group.ref--;
		}
		// Even though the task queue is empty, workers can still be running tasks.
		while (group.ref > 0)
			std::this_thread::yield();
		group.free = true;
		handle->value = UINT32_MAX;
	}

private:
	struct TaskGroup
	{
		std::atomic<bool> free;
		Array<Task> queue; // Items are never removed. queueHead is incremented to pop items.
		uint32_t queueHead = 0;
		Spinlock queueLock;
		std::atomic<uint32_t> ref; // Increment when a task is enqueued, decrement when a task finishes.
	};

	struct Worker
	{
		std::thread *thread = nullptr;
		std::mutex mutex;
		std::condition_variable cv;
		std::atomic<bool> wakeup;
	};

	TaskGroup *m_groups;
	uint32_t m_maxGroups;
	Array<Worker> m_workers;
	std::atomic<bool> m_shutdown;

	static void workerThread(TaskScheduler *scheduler, Worker *worker)
	{
		std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(worker->mutex);
		for (;;) {
			worker->cv.wait(lock, [=]{ return worker->wakeup.load(); });
			worker->wakeup = false;
			for (;;) {
				if (scheduler->m_shutdown)
					return;
				// Look for a task in any of the groups and run it.
				TaskGroup *group = nullptr;
				Task *task = nullptr;
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < scheduler->m_maxGroups; i++) {
					group = &scheduler->m_groups[i];
					if (group->free || group->ref == 0)
						continue;
					group->queueLock.lock();
					if (group->queueHead < group->queue.size()) {
						task = &group->queue[group->queueHead++];
						group->queueLock.unlock();
						break;
					}
					group->queueLock.unlock();
				}
				if (!task)
					break;
				task->func(task->userData);
				group->ref--;
			}
		}
	}
};
#else
class TaskScheduler
{
public:
	~TaskScheduler()
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_groups.size(); i++)
			destroyGroup({ i });
	}

	TaskGroupHandle createTaskGroup(uint32_t reserveSize = 0)
	{
		TaskGroup *group = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, TaskGroup);
		group->queue.reserve(reserveSize);
		m_groups.push_back(group);
		TaskGroupHandle handle;
		handle.value = m_groups.size() - 1;
		return handle;
	}

	void run(TaskGroupHandle handle, Task task)
	{
		m_groups[handle.value]->queue.push_back(task);
	}

	void wait(TaskGroupHandle *handle)
	{
		if (handle->value == UINT32_MAX) {
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(false);
			return;
		}
		TaskGroup *group = m_groups[handle->value];
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < group->queue.size(); i++)
			group->queue[i].func(group->queue[i].userData);
		group->queue.clear();
		destroyGroup(*handle);
		handle->value = UINT32_MAX;
	}

private:
	void destroyGroup(TaskGroupHandle handle)
	{
		TaskGroup *group = m_groups[handle.value];
		if (group) {
			group->~TaskGroup();
			XA_FREE(group);
			m_groups[handle.value] = nullptr;
		}
	}

	struct TaskGroup
	{
		Array<Task> queue;
	};

	Array<TaskGroup *> m_groups;
};
#endif

struct UvMeshChart
{
	Array<uint32_t> indices;
	uint32_t material;
};

struct UvMesh
{
	UvMeshDecl decl;
	Array<uint32_t> indices;
	Array<UvMeshChart *> charts;
	Array<uint32_t> vertexToChartMap;
};

struct UvMeshInstance
{
	UvMesh *mesh;
	Array<Vector2> texcoords;
	bool rotateCharts;
};

namespace raster {
class ClippedTriangle
{
public:
	ClippedTriangle(const Vector2 &a, const Vector2 &b, const Vector2 &c)
	{
		m_numVertices = 3;
		m_activeVertexBuffer = 0;
		m_verticesA[0] = a;
		m_verticesA[1] = b;
		m_verticesA[2] = c;
		m_vertexBuffers[0] = m_verticesA;
		m_vertexBuffers[1] = m_verticesB;
	}

	void clipHorizontalPlane(float offset, float clipdirection)
	{
		Vector2 *v  = m_vertexBuffers[m_activeVertexBuffer];
		m_activeVertexBuffer ^= 1;
		Vector2 *v2 = m_vertexBuffers[m_activeVertexBuffer];
		v[m_numVertices] = v[0];
		float dy2,   dy1 = offset - v[0].y;
		int   dy2in, dy1in = clipdirection * dy1 >= 0;
		uint32_t  p = 0;
		for (uint32_t k = 0; k < m_numVertices; k++) {
			dy2   = offset - v[k + 1].y;
			dy2in = clipdirection * dy2 >= 0;
			if (dy1in) v2[p++] = v[k];
			if ( dy1in + dy2in == 1 ) { // not both in/out
				float dx = v[k + 1].x - v[k].x;
				float dy = v[k + 1].y - v[k].y;
				v2[p++] = Vector2(v[k].x + dy1 * (dx / dy), offset);
			}
			dy1 = dy2;
			dy1in = dy2in;
		}
		m_numVertices = p;
	}

	void clipVerticalPlane(float offset, float clipdirection )
	{
		Vector2 *v  = m_vertexBuffers[m_activeVertexBuffer];
		m_activeVertexBuffer ^= 1;
		Vector2 *v2 = m_vertexBuffers[m_activeVertexBuffer];
		v[m_numVertices] = v[0];
		float dx2,   dx1   = offset - v[0].x;
		int   dx2in, dx1in = clipdirection * dx1 >= 0;
		uint32_t  p = 0;
		for (uint32_t k = 0; k < m_numVertices; k++) {
			dx2 = offset - v[k + 1].x;
			dx2in = clipdirection * dx2 >= 0;
			if (dx1in) v2[p++] = v[k];
			if ( dx1in + dx2in == 1 ) { // not both in/out
				float dx = v[k + 1].x - v[k].x;
				float dy = v[k + 1].y - v[k].y;
				v2[p++] = Vector2(offset, v[k].y + dx1 * (dy / dx));
			}
			dx1 = dx2;
			dx1in = dx2in;
		}
		m_numVertices = p;
	}

	void computeArea()
	{
		Vector2 *v  = m_vertexBuffers[m_activeVertexBuffer];
		v[m_numVertices] = v[0];
		m_area = 0;
		float centroidx = 0, centroidy = 0;
		for (uint32_t k = 0; k < m_numVertices; k++) {
			// http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/geometry/polyarea/
			float f = v[k].x * v[k + 1].y - v[k + 1].x * v[k].y;
			m_area += f;
			centroidx += f * (v[k].x + v[k + 1].x);
			centroidy += f * (v[k].y + v[k + 1].y);
		}
		m_area = 0.5f * fabsf(m_area);
	}

	void clipAABox(float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1)
	{
		clipVerticalPlane(x0, -1);
		clipHorizontalPlane(y0, -1);
		clipVerticalPlane(x1, 1);
		clipHorizontalPlane(y1, 1);
		computeArea();
	}

	float area()
	{
		return m_area;
	}

private:
	Vector2 m_verticesA[7 + 1];
	Vector2 m_verticesB[7 + 1];
	Vector2 *m_vertexBuffers[2];
	uint32_t m_numVertices;
	uint32_t m_activeVertexBuffer;
	float m_area;
};

/// A callback to sample the environment. Return false to terminate rasterization.
typedef bool (*SamplingCallback)(void *param, int x, int y);

/// A triangle for rasterization.
struct Triangle
{
	Triangle(const Vector2 &v0, const Vector2 &v1, const Vector2 &v2)
	{
		// Init vertices.
		this->v1 = v0;
		this->v2 = v2;
		this->v3 = v1;
		// make sure every triangle is front facing.
		flipBackface();
		// Compute deltas.
		computeUnitInwardNormals();
	}

	bool isValid()
	{
		const Vector2 e0 = v3 - v1;
		const Vector2 e1 = v2 - v1;
		const float denom = 1.0f / (e0.y * e1.x - e1.y * e0.x);
		return isFinite(denom);
	}

	// extents has to be multiple of BK_SIZE!!
	bool drawAA(const Vector2 &extents, SamplingCallback cb, void *param)
	{
		const float PX_INSIDE = 1.0f/sqrtf(2.0f);
		const float PX_OUTSIDE = -1.0f/sqrtf(2.0f);
		const float BK_SIZE = 8;
		const float BK_INSIDE = sqrtf(BK_SIZE*BK_SIZE/2.0f);
		const float BK_OUTSIDE = -sqrtf(BK_SIZE*BK_SIZE/2.0f);
		// Bounding rectangle
		float minx = floorf(max(min3(v1.x, v2.x, v3.x), 0.0f));
		float miny = floorf(max(min3(v1.y, v2.y, v3.y), 0.0f));
		float maxx = ceilf( min(max3(v1.x, v2.x, v3.x), extents.x - 1.0f));
		float maxy = ceilf( min(max3(v1.y, v2.y, v3.y), extents.y - 1.0f));
		// There's no reason to align the blocks to the viewport, instead we align them to the origin of the triangle bounds.
		minx = floorf(minx);
		miny = floorf(miny);
		//minx = (float)(((int)minx) & (~((int)BK_SIZE - 1))); // align to blocksize (we don't need to worry about blocks partially out of viewport)
		//miny = (float)(((int)miny) & (~((int)BK_SIZE - 1)));
		minx += 0.5;
		miny += 0.5; // sampling at texel centers!
		maxx += 0.5;
		maxy += 0.5;
		// Half-edge constants
		float C1 = n1.x * (-v1.x) + n1.y * (-v1.y);
		float C2 = n2.x * (-v2.x) + n2.y * (-v2.y);
		float C3 = n3.x * (-v3.x) + n3.y * (-v3.y);
		// Loop through blocks
		for (float y0 = miny; y0 <= maxy; y0 += BK_SIZE) {
			for (float x0 = minx; x0 <= maxx; x0 += BK_SIZE) {
				// Corners of block
				float xc = (x0 + (BK_SIZE - 1) / 2.0f);
				float yc = (y0 + (BK_SIZE - 1) / 2.0f);
				// Evaluate half-space functions
				float aC = C1 + n1.x * xc + n1.y * yc;
				float bC = C2 + n2.x * xc + n2.y * yc;
				float cC = C3 + n3.x * xc + n3.y * yc;
				// Skip block when outside an edge
				if ( (aC <= BK_OUTSIDE) || (bC <= BK_OUTSIDE) || (cC <= BK_OUTSIDE) ) continue;
				// Accept whole block when totally covered
				if ( (aC >= BK_INSIDE) && (bC >= BK_INSIDE) && (cC >= BK_INSIDE) ) {
					for (float y = y0; y < y0 + BK_SIZE; y++) {
						for (float x = x0; x < x0 + BK_SIZE; x++) {
							if (!cb(param, (int)x, (int)y)) {
								return false;
							}
						}
					}
				} else { // Partially covered block
					float CY1 = C1 + n1.x * x0 + n1.y * y0;
					float CY2 = C2 + n2.x * x0 + n2.y * y0;
					float CY3 = C3 + n3.x * x0 + n3.y * y0;
					for (float y = y0; y < y0 + BK_SIZE; y++) { // @@ This is not clipping to scissor rectangle correctly.
						float CX1 = CY1;
						float CX2 = CY2;
						float CX3 = CY3;
						for (float x = x0; x < x0 + BK_SIZE; x++) { // @@ This is not clipping to scissor rectangle correctly.
							if (CX1 >= PX_INSIDE && CX2 >= PX_INSIDE && CX3 >= PX_INSIDE) {
								if (!cb(param, (int)x, (int)y)) {
									return false;
								}
							} else if ((CX1 >= PX_OUTSIDE) && (CX2 >= PX_OUTSIDE) && (CX3 >= PX_OUTSIDE)) {
								// triangle partially covers pixel. do clipping.
								ClippedTriangle ct(v1 - Vector2(x, y), v2 - Vector2(x, y), v3 - Vector2(x, y));
								ct.clipAABox(-0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
								if (ct.area() > 0.0f) {
									if (!cb(param, (int)x, (int)y)) {
										return false;
									}
								}
							}
							CX1 += n1.x;
							CX2 += n2.x;
							CX3 += n3.x;
						}
						CY1 += n1.y;
						CY2 += n2.y;
						CY3 += n3.y;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	void flipBackface()
	{
		// check if triangle is backfacing, if so, swap two vertices
		if ( ((v3.x - v1.x) * (v2.y - v1.y) - (v3.y - v1.y) * (v2.x - v1.x)) < 0 ) {
			Vector2 hv = v1;
			v1 = v2;
			v2 = hv; // swap pos
		}
	}

	// compute unit inward normals for each edge.
	void computeUnitInwardNormals()
	{
		n1 = v1 - v2;
		n1 = Vector2(-n1.y, n1.x);
		n1 = n1 * (1.0f / sqrtf(n1.x * n1.x + n1.y * n1.y));
		n2 = v2 - v3;
		n2 = Vector2(-n2.y, n2.x);
		n2 = n2 * (1.0f / sqrtf(n2.x * n2.x + n2.y * n2.y));
		n3 = v3 - v1;
		n3 = Vector2(-n3.y, n3.x);
		n3 = n3 * (1.0f / sqrtf(n3.x * n3.x + n3.y * n3.y));
	}

	// Vertices.
	Vector2 v1, v2, v3;
	Vector2 n1, n2, n3; // unit inward normals
};

// Process the given triangle. Returns false if rasterization was interrupted by the callback.
static bool drawTriangle(const Vector2 &extents, const Vector2 v[3], SamplingCallback cb, void *param)
{
	Triangle tri(v[0], v[1], v[2]);
	// @@ It would be nice to have a conservative drawing mode that enlarges the triangle extents by one texel and is able to handle degenerate triangles.
	// @@ Maybe the simplest thing to do would be raster triangle edges.
	if (tri.isValid())
		return tri.drawAA(extents, cb, param);
	return true;
}

} // namespace raster

// Full and sparse vector and matrix classes. BLAS subset.
// Pseudo-BLAS interface.
namespace sparse {

/**
* Sparse matrix class. The matrix is assumed to be sparse and to have
* very few non-zero elements, for this reason it's stored in indexed
* format. To multiply column vectors efficiently, the matrix stores
* the elements in indexed-column order, there is a list of indexed
* elements for each row of the matrix. As with the FullVector the
* dimension of the matrix is constant.
**/
class Matrix
{
public:
	// An element of the sparse array.
	struct Coefficient
	{
		uint32_t x;  // column
		float v; // value
	};

	Matrix(uint32_t d) : m_width(d) { m_array.resize(d); }
	Matrix(uint32_t w, uint32_t h) : m_width(w) { m_array.resize(h); }
	Matrix(const Matrix &m) : m_width(m.m_width) { m_array = m.m_array; }

	const Matrix &operator=(const Matrix &m)
	{
		XA_ASSERT(width() == m.width());
		XA_ASSERT(height() == m.height());
		m_array = m.m_array;
		return *this;
	}

	uint32_t width() const { return m_width; }
	uint32_t height() const { return m_array.size(); }
	bool isSquare() const { return width() == height(); }

	// x is column, y is row
	float getCoefficient(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( x < width() );
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( y < height() );
		const uint32_t count = m_array[y].size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			if (m_array[y][i].x == x) return m_array[y][i].v;
		}
		return 0.0f;
	}

	void setCoefficient(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, float f)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( x < width() );
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( y < height() );
		const uint32_t count = m_array[y].size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			if (m_array[y][i].x == x) {
				m_array[y][i].v = f;
				return;
			}
		}
		if (f != 0.0f) {
			Coefficient c = { x, f };
			m_array[y].push_back( c );
		}
	}

	float dotRow(uint32_t y, const FullVector &v) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( y < height() );
		const uint32_t count = m_array[y].size();
		float sum = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			sum += m_array[y][i].v * v[m_array[y][i].x];
		}
		return sum;
	}

	void madRow(uint32_t y, float alpha, FullVector &v) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(y < height());
		const uint32_t count = m_array[y].size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			v[m_array[y][i].x] += alpha * m_array[y][i].v;
		}
	}

	void clearRow(uint32_t y)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( y < height() );
		m_array[y].clear();
	}

	const Array<Coefficient> &getRow(uint32_t y) const { return m_array[y]; }

private:
	/// Number of columns.
	const uint32_t m_width;

	/// Array of matrix elements.
	Array< Array<Coefficient> > m_array;
};

// y = a * x + y
static void saxpy(float a, const FullVector &x, FullVector &y)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(x.dimension() == y.dimension());
	const uint32_t dim = x.dimension();
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
		y[i] += a * x[i];
	}
}

static void copy(const FullVector &x, FullVector &y)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(x.dimension() == y.dimension());
	const uint32_t dim = x.dimension();
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
		y[i] = x[i];
	}
}

static void scal(float a, FullVector &x)
{
	const uint32_t dim = x.dimension();
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
		x[i] *= a;
	}
}

static float dot(const FullVector &x, const FullVector &y)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(x.dimension() == y.dimension());
	const uint32_t dim = x.dimension();
	float sum = 0;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
		sum += x[i] * y[i];
	}
	return sum;
}

// y = M * x
static void mult(const Matrix &M, const FullVector &x, FullVector &y)
{
	uint32_t w = M.width();
	uint32_t h = M.height();
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( w == x.dimension() );
	XA_UNUSED(w);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( h == y.dimension() );
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < h; i++)
		y[i] = M.dotRow(i, x);
}

// y = alpha*A*x + beta*y
static void sgemv(float alpha, const Matrix &A, const FullVector &x, float beta, FullVector &y)
{
	const uint32_t w = A.width();
	const uint32_t h = A.height();
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( w == x.dimension() );
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( h == y.dimension() );
	XA_UNUSED(w);
	XA_UNUSED(h);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < h; i++)
		y[i] = alpha * A.dotRow(i, x) + beta * y[i];
}

// dot y-row of A by x-column of B
static float dotRowColumn(int y, const Matrix &A, int x, const Matrix &B)
{
	const Array<Matrix::Coefficient> &row = A.getRow(y);
	const uint32_t count = row.size();
	float sum = 0.0f;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		const Matrix::Coefficient &c = row[i];
		sum += c.v * B.getCoefficient(x, c.x);
	}
	return sum;
}

static void transpose(const Matrix &A, Matrix &B)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.width() == B.height());
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(B.width() == A.height());
	const uint32_t w = A.width();
	for (uint32_t x = 0; x < w; x++) {
		B.clearRow(x);
	}
	const uint32_t h = A.height();
	for (uint32_t y = 0; y < h; y++) {
		const Array<Matrix::Coefficient> &row = A.getRow(y);
		const uint32_t count = row.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
			const Matrix::Coefficient &c = row[i];
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(c.x < w);
			B.setCoefficient(y, c.x, c.v);
		}
	}
}

static void sgemm(float alpha, const Matrix &A, const Matrix &B, float beta, Matrix &C)
{
	const uint32_t w = C.width();
	const uint32_t h = C.height();
#if XA_DEBUG
	const uint32_t aw = A.width();
	const uint32_t ah = A.height();
	const uint32_t bw = B.width();
	const uint32_t bh = B.height();
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(aw == bh);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(bw == ah);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(w == bw);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(h == ah);
#endif
	for (uint32_t y = 0; y < h; y++) {
		for (uint32_t x = 0; x < w; x++) {
			float c = beta * C.getCoefficient(x, y);
			// dot y-row of A by x-column of B.
			c += alpha * dotRowColumn(y, A, x, B);
			C.setCoefficient(x, y, c);
		}
	}
}

// C = A * B
static void mult(const Matrix &A, const Matrix &B, Matrix &C)
{
	sgemm(1.0f, A, B, 0.0f, C);
}

} // namespace sparse

class JacobiPreconditioner
{
public:
	JacobiPreconditioner(const sparse::Matrix &M, bool symmetric) : m_inverseDiagonal(M.width())
	{
		XA_ASSERT(M.isSquare());
		for (uint32_t x = 0; x < M.width(); x++) {
			float elem = M.getCoefficient(x, x);
			//XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( elem != 0.0f ); // This can be zero in the presence of zero area triangles.
			if (symmetric) {
				m_inverseDiagonal[x] = (elem != 0) ? 1.0f / sqrtf(fabsf(elem)) : 1.0f;
			} else {
				m_inverseDiagonal[x] = (elem != 0) ? 1.0f / elem : 1.0f;
			}
		}
	}

	void apply(const FullVector &x, FullVector &y) const
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(x.dimension() == m_inverseDiagonal.dimension());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(y.dimension() == m_inverseDiagonal.dimension());
		// @@ Wrap vector component-wise product into a separate function.
		const uint32_t D = x.dimension();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < D; i++) {
			y[i] = m_inverseDiagonal[i] * x[i];
		}
	}

private:
	FullVector m_inverseDiagonal;
};

// Linear solvers.
class Solver
{
public:
	// Solve the symmetric system: At·A·x = At·b
	static bool LeastSquaresSolver(const sparse::Matrix &A, const FullVector &b, FullVector &x, float epsilon = 1e-5f)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.width() == x.dimension());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.height() == b.dimension());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.height() >= A.width()); // @@ If height == width we could solve it directly...
		const uint32_t D = A.width();
		sparse::Matrix At(A.height(), A.width());
		sparse::transpose(A, At);
		FullVector Atb(D);
		sparse::mult(At, b, Atb);
		sparse::Matrix AtA(D);
		sparse::mult(At, A, AtA);
		return SymmetricSolver(AtA, Atb, x, epsilon);
	}

	// See section 10.4.3 in: Mesh Parameterization: Theory and Practice, Siggraph Course Notes, August 2007
	static bool LeastSquaresSolver(const sparse::Matrix &A, const FullVector &b, FullVector &x, const uint32_t *lockedParameters, uint32_t lockedCount, float epsilon = 1e-5f)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.width() == x.dimension());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.height() == b.dimension());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.height() >= A.width() - lockedCount);
		// @@ This is not the most efficient way of building a system with reduced degrees of freedom. It would be faster to do it on the fly.
		const uint32_t D = A.width() - lockedCount;
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(D > 0);
		// Compute: b - Al * xl
		FullVector b_Alxl(b);
		for (uint32_t y = 0; y < A.height(); y++) {
			const uint32_t count = A.getRow(y).size();
			for (uint32_t e = 0; e < count; e++) {
				uint32_t column = A.getRow(y)[e].x;
				bool isFree = true;
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < lockedCount; i++) {
					isFree &= (lockedParameters[i] != column);
				}
				if (!isFree) {
					b_Alxl[y] -= x[column] * A.getRow(y)[e].v;
				}
			}
		}
		// Remove locked columns from A.
		sparse::Matrix Af(D, A.height());
		for (uint32_t y = 0; y < A.height(); y++) {
			const uint32_t count = A.getRow(y).size();
			for (uint32_t e = 0; e < count; e++) {
				uint32_t column = A.getRow(y)[e].x;
				uint32_t ix = column;
				bool isFree = true;
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < lockedCount; i++) {
					isFree &= (lockedParameters[i] != column);
					if (column > lockedParameters[i]) ix--; // shift columns
				}
				if (isFree) {
					Af.setCoefficient(ix, y, A.getRow(y)[e].v);
				}
			}
		}
		// Remove elements from x
		FullVector xf(D);
		for (uint32_t i = 0, j = 0; i < A.width(); i++) {
			bool isFree = true;
			for (uint32_t l = 0; l < lockedCount; l++) {
				isFree &= (lockedParameters[l] != i);
			}
			if (isFree) {
				xf[j++] = x[i];
			}
		}
		// Solve reduced system.
		bool result = LeastSquaresSolver(Af, b_Alxl, xf, epsilon);
		// Copy results back to x.
		for (uint32_t i = 0, j = 0; i < A.width(); i++) {
			bool isFree = true;
			for (uint32_t l = 0; l < lockedCount; l++) {
				isFree &= (lockedParameters[l] != i);
			}
			if (isFree) {
				x[i] = xf[j++];
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

private:
	/**
	* Compute the solution of the sparse linear system Ab=x using the Conjugate
	* Gradient method.
	*
	* Solving sparse linear systems:
	* (1)		A·x = b
	*
	* The conjugate gradient algorithm solves (1) only in the case that A is
	* symmetric and positive definite. It is based on the idea of minimizing the
	* function
	*
	* (2)		f(x) = 1/2·x·A·x - b·x
	*
	* This function is minimized when its gradient
	*
	* (3)		df = A·x - b
	*
	* is zero, which is equivalent to (1). The minimization is carried out by
	* generating a succession of search directions p.k and improved minimizers x.k.
	* At each stage a quantity alfa.k is found that minimizes f(x.k + alfa.k·p.k),
	* and x.k+1 is set equal to the new point x.k + alfa.k·p.k. The p.k and x.k are
	* built up in such a way that x.k+1 is also the minimizer of f over the whole
	* vector space of directions already taken, {p.1, p.2, . . . , p.k}. After N
	* iterations you arrive at the minimizer over the entire vector space, i.e., the
	* solution to (1).
	*
	* For a really good explanation of the method see:
	*
	* "An Introduction to the Conjugate Gradient Method Without the Agonizing Pain",
	* Jonhathan Richard Shewchuk.
	*
	**/
	// Conjugate gradient with preconditioner.
	static bool ConjugateGradientSolver(const JacobiPreconditioner &preconditioner, const sparse::Matrix &A, const FullVector &b, FullVector &x, float epsilon)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( A.isSquare() );
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( A.width() == b.dimension() );
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT( A.width() == x.dimension() );
		int i = 0;
		const int D = A.width();
		const int i_max = 4 * D;   // Convergence should be linear, but in some cases, it's not.
		FullVector r(D);    // residual
		FullVector p(D);    // search direction
		FullVector q(D);    //
		FullVector s(D);    // preconditioned
		float delta_0;
		float delta_old;
		float delta_new;
		float alpha;
		float beta;
		// r = b - A·x
		sparse::copy(b, r);
		sparse::sgemv(-1, A, x, 1, r);
		// p = M^-1 · r
		preconditioner.apply(r, p);
		delta_new = sparse::dot(r, p);
		delta_0 = delta_new;
		while (i < i_max && delta_new > epsilon * epsilon * delta_0) {
			i++;
			// q = A·p
			sparse::mult(A, p, q);
			// alpha = delta_new / p·q
			alpha = delta_new / sparse::dot(p, q);
			// x = alfa·p + x
			sparse::saxpy(alpha, p, x);
			if ((i & 31) == 0) { // recompute r after 32 steps
				// r = b - A·x
				sparse::copy(b, r);
				sparse::sgemv(-1, A, x, 1, r);
			} else {
				// r = r - alfa·q
				sparse::saxpy(-alpha, q, r);
			}
			// s = M^-1 · r
			preconditioner.apply(r, s);
			delta_old = delta_new;
			delta_new = sparse::dot( r, s );
			beta = delta_new / delta_old;
			// p = s + beta·p
			sparse::scal(beta, p);
			sparse::saxpy(1, s, p);
		}
		return delta_new <= epsilon * epsilon * delta_0;
	}

	static bool SymmetricSolver(const sparse::Matrix &A, const FullVector &b, FullVector &x, float epsilon = 1e-5f)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.height() == A.width());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(A.height() == b.dimension());
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(b.dimension() == x.dimension());
		JacobiPreconditioner jacobi(A, true);
		return ConjugateGradientSolver(jacobi, A, b, x, epsilon);
	}
};

namespace param {

// Fast sweep in 3 directions
static bool findApproximateDiameterVertices(Mesh *mesh, uint32_t *a, uint32_t *b)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(a != nullptr);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(b != nullptr);
	const uint32_t vertexCount = mesh->vertexCount();
	uint32_t minVertex[3];
	uint32_t maxVertex[3];
	minVertex[0] = minVertex[1] = minVertex[2] = UINT32_MAX;
	maxVertex[0] = maxVertex[1] = maxVertex[2] = UINT32_MAX;
	for (uint32_t v = 1; v < vertexCount; v++) {
		if (mesh->isBoundaryVertex(v)) {
			minVertex[0] = minVertex[1] = minVertex[2] = v;
			maxVertex[0] = maxVertex[1] = maxVertex[2] = v;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (minVertex[0] == UINT32_MAX) {
		// Input mesh has not boundaries.
		return false;
	}
	for (uint32_t v = 1; v < vertexCount; v++) {
		if (!mesh->isBoundaryVertex(v)) {
			// Skip interior vertices.
			continue;
		}
		const Vector3 &pos = mesh->position(v);
		if (pos.x < mesh->position(minVertex[0]).x)
			minVertex[0] = v;
		else if (pos.x > mesh->position(maxVertex[0]).x)
			maxVertex[0] = v;
		if (pos.y < mesh->position(minVertex[1]).y)
			minVertex[1] = v;
		else if (pos.y > mesh->position(maxVertex[1]).y)
			maxVertex[1] = v;
		if (pos.z < mesh->position(minVertex[2]).z)
			minVertex[2] = v;
		else if (pos.z > mesh->position(maxVertex[2]).z)
			maxVertex[2] = v;
	}
	float lengths[3];
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		lengths[i] = length(mesh->position(minVertex[i]) - mesh->position(maxVertex[i]));
	}
	if (lengths[0] > lengths[1] && lengths[0] > lengths[2]) {
		*a = minVertex[0];
		*b = maxVertex[0];
	} else if (lengths[1] > lengths[2]) {
		*a = minVertex[1];
		*b = maxVertex[1];
	} else {
		*a = minVertex[2];
		*b = maxVertex[2];
	}
	return true;
}

// Conformal relations from Brecht Van Lommel (based on ABF):

static float vec_angle_cos(const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3)
{
	Vector3 d1 = v1 - v2;
	Vector3 d2 = v3 - v2;
	return clamp(dot(d1, d2) / (length(d1) * length(d2)), -1.0f, 1.0f);
}

static float vec_angle(const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3)
{
	float dot = vec_angle_cos(v1, v2, v3);
	return acosf(dot);
}

static void triangle_angles(const Vector3 &v1, const Vector3 &v2, const Vector3 &v3, float *a1, float *a2, float *a3)
{
	*a1 = vec_angle(v3, v1, v2);
	*a2 = vec_angle(v1, v2, v3);
	*a3 = kPi - *a2 - *a1;
}

static void setup_abf_relations(sparse::Matrix &A, int row, int id0, int id1, int id2, const Vector3 &p0, const Vector3 &p1, const Vector3 &p2)
{
	// @@ IC: Wouldn't it be more accurate to return cos and compute 1-cos^2?
	// It does indeed seem to be a little bit more robust.
	// @@ Need to revisit this more carefully!
	float a0, a1, a2;
	triangle_angles(p0, p1, p2, &a0, &a1, &a2);
	float s0 = sinf(a0);
	float s1 = sinf(a1);
	float s2 = sinf(a2);
	if (s1 > s0 && s1 > s2) {
		swap(s1, s2);
		swap(s0, s1);
		swap(a1, a2);
		swap(a0, a1);
		swap(id1, id2);
		swap(id0, id1);
	} else if (s0 > s1 && s0 > s2) {
		swap(s0, s2);
		swap(s0, s1);
		swap(a0, a2);
		swap(a0, a1);
		swap(id0, id2);
		swap(id0, id1);
	}
	float c0 = cosf(a0);
	float ratio = (s2 == 0.0f) ? 1.0f : s1 / s2;
	float cosine = c0 * ratio;
	float sine = s0 * ratio;
	// Note  : 2*id + 0 --> u
	//         2*id + 1 --> v
	int u0_id = 2 * id0 + 0;
	int v0_id = 2 * id0 + 1;
	int u1_id = 2 * id1 + 0;
	int v1_id = 2 * id1 + 1;
	int u2_id = 2 * id2 + 0;
	int v2_id = 2 * id2 + 1;
	// Real part
	A.setCoefficient(u0_id, 2 * row + 0, cosine - 1.0f);
	A.setCoefficient(v0_id, 2 * row + 0, -sine);
	A.setCoefficient(u1_id, 2 * row + 0, -cosine);
	A.setCoefficient(v1_id, 2 * row + 0, sine);
	A.setCoefficient(u2_id, 2 * row + 0, 1);
	// Imaginary part
	A.setCoefficient(u0_id, 2 * row + 1, sine);
	A.setCoefficient(v0_id, 2 * row + 1, cosine - 1.0f);
	A.setCoefficient(u1_id, 2 * row + 1, -sine);
	A.setCoefficient(v1_id, 2 * row + 1, -cosine);
	A.setCoefficient(v2_id, 2 * row + 1, 1);
}

static bool computeLeastSquaresConformalMap(Mesh *mesh)
{
	// For this to work properly, mesh should not have colocals that have the same
	// attributes, unless you want the vertices to actually have different texcoords.
	const uint32_t vertexCount = mesh->vertexCount();
	const uint32_t D = 2 * vertexCount;
	const uint32_t N = 2 * mesh->faceCount();
	// N is the number of equations (one per triangle)
	// D is the number of variables (one per vertex; there are 2 pinned vertices).
	if (N < D - 4) {
		return false;
	}
	sparse::Matrix A(D, N);
	FullVector b(N);
	FullVector x(D);
	// Fill b:
	b.fill(0.0f);
	// Fill x:
	uint32_t v0, v1;
	if (!findApproximateDiameterVertices(mesh, &v0, &v1)) {
		// Mesh has no boundaries.
		return false;
	}
	if (mesh->texcoord(v0) == mesh->texcoord(v1)) {
		// LSCM expects an existing parameterization.
		return false;
	}
	for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
		// Initial solution.
		x[2 * v + 0] = mesh->texcoord(v).x;
		x[2 * v + 1] = mesh->texcoord(v).y;
	}
	// Fill A:
	const uint32_t faceCount = mesh->faceCount();
	for (uint32_t f = 0, t = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
		const uint32_t vertex0 = mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + 0);
		const uint32_t vertex1 = mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + 1);
		const uint32_t vertex2 = mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + 2);
		setup_abf_relations(A, t, vertex0, vertex1, vertex2, mesh->position(vertex0), mesh->position(vertex1), mesh->position(vertex2));
		t++;
	}
	const uint32_t lockedParameters[] = {
		2 * v0 + 0,
		2 * v0 + 1,
		2 * v1 + 0,
		2 * v1 + 1
	};
	// Solve
	Solver::LeastSquaresSolver(A, b, x, lockedParameters, 4, 0.000001f);
	// Map x back to texcoords:
	for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++)
		mesh->texcoord(v) = Vector2(x[2 * v + 0], x[2 * v + 1]);
	return true;
}

static bool computeOrthogonalProjectionMap(Mesh *mesh)
{
	uint32_t vertexCount = mesh->vertexCount();
	// Avoid redundant computations.
	float matrix[6];
	Fit::computeCovariance(vertexCount, &mesh->position(0), matrix);
	if (matrix[0] == 0 && matrix[3] == 0 && matrix[5] == 0)
		return false;
	float eigenValues[3];
	Vector3 eigenVectors[3];
	if (!Fit::eigenSolveSymmetric3(matrix, eigenValues, eigenVectors))
		return false;
	Vector3 axis[2];
	axis[0] = normalize(eigenVectors[0], kEpsilon);
	axis[1] = normalize(eigenVectors[1], kEpsilon);
	// Project vertices to plane.
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
		mesh->texcoord(i) = Vector2(dot(axis[0], mesh->position(i)), dot(axis[1], mesh->position(i)));
	return true;
}

// Dummy implementation of a priority queue using sort at insertion.
// - Insertion is o(n)
// - Smallest element goes at the end, so that popping it is o(1).
// - Resorting is n*log(n)
// @@ Number of elements in the queue is usually small, and we'd have to rebalance often. I'm not sure it's worth implementing a heap.
// @@ Searcing at removal would remove the need for sorting when priorities change.
struct PriorityQueue
{
	PriorityQueue(uint32_t size = UINT32_MAX) : maxSize(size) {}

	void push(float priority, uint32_t face)
	{
		uint32_t i = 0;
		const uint32_t count = pairs.size();
		for (; i < count; i++) {
			if (pairs[i].priority > priority) break;
		}
		Pair p = { priority, face };
		pairs.insertAt(i, p);
		if (pairs.size() > maxSize)
			pairs.removeAt(0);
	}

	// push face out of order, to be sorted later.
	void push(uint32_t face)
	{
		Pair p = { 0.0f, face };
		pairs.push_back(p);
	}

	uint32_t pop()
	{
		uint32_t f = pairs.back().face;
		pairs.pop_back();
		return f;
	}

	void sort()
	{
		//sort(pairs); // @@ My intro sort appears to be much slower than it should!
		std::sort(pairs.begin(), pairs.end());
	}

	void clear()
	{
		pairs.clear();
	}

	uint32_t count() const
	{
		return pairs.size();
	}

	float firstPriority() const
	{
		return pairs.back().priority;
	}

	const uint32_t maxSize;

	struct Pair
	{
		bool operator<(const Pair &p) const
		{
			return priority > p.priority;    // !! Sort in inverse priority order!
		}

		float priority;
		uint32_t face;
	};

	Array<Pair> pairs;
};

struct ChartBuildData
{
	int id = -1;
	Vector3 averageNormal = Vector3(0.0f);
	float area = 0.0f;
	float boundaryLength = 0.0f;
	Vector3 normalSum = Vector3(0.0f);
	Vector3 centroidSum = Vector3(0.0f); // Sum of chart face centroids.
	Vector3 centroid = Vector3(0.0f); // Average centroid of chart faces.
	Array<uint32_t> seeds;
	Array<uint32_t> faces;
	PriorityQueue candidates;
	Basis basis; // Of first face.
};

struct AtlasBuilder
{
	// @@ Hardcoded to 10?
	AtlasBuilder(const Mesh *mesh, Array<uint32_t> *meshFaces, const ChartOptions &options) : m_mesh(mesh), m_meshFaces(meshFaces), m_facesLeft(mesh->faceCount()), m_bestTriangles(10), m_options(options)
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(atlasBuilderInit)
		const uint32_t faceCount = m_mesh->faceCount();
		if (meshFaces) {
			m_ignoreFaces.resize(faceCount, true);
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < meshFaces->size(); f++)
				m_ignoreFaces[(*meshFaces)[f]] = false;
			m_facesLeft = meshFaces->size();
		} else {
			m_ignoreFaces.resize(faceCount, false);
		}
		m_faceChartArray.resize(faceCount, -1);
		m_faceCandidateArray.resize(faceCount, (uint32_t)-1);
		m_texcoords.resize(faceCount * 3);
		// @@ Floyd for the whole mesh is too slow. We could compute floyd progressively per patch as the patch grows. We need a better solution to compute most central faces.
		//computeShortestPaths();
		// Precompute edge lengths and face areas.
		const uint32_t edgeCount = m_mesh->edgeCount();
		m_edgeLengths.resize(edgeCount, 0.0f);
		m_faceAreas.resize(m_mesh->faceCount(), 0.0f);
		m_faceNormals.resize(m_mesh->faceCount());
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			if (m_ignoreFaces[f])
				continue;
			for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
				m_edgeLengths[it.edge()] = internal::length(it.position1() - it.position0());
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_edgeLengths[it.edge()] > 0.0f);
			}
			m_faceAreas[f] = mesh->faceArea(f);
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_faceAreas[f] > 0.0f);
			m_faceNormals[f] = m_mesh->triangleNormal(f);
		}
		XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilderInit)
	}

	~AtlasBuilder()
	{
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_chartArray.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			m_chartArray[i]->~ChartBuildData();
			XA_FREE(m_chartArray[i]);
		}
	}

	uint32_t facesLeft() const { return m_facesLeft; }
	uint32_t chartCount() const { return m_chartArray.size(); }
	const Array<uint32_t> &chartFaces(uint32_t i) const { return m_chartArray[i]->faces; }
	const Basis &chartBasis(uint32_t chartIndex) const { return m_chartArray[chartIndex]->basis; }

	void placeSeeds(float threshold)
	{
		// Instead of using a predefiened number of seeds:
		// - Add seeds one by one, growing chart until a certain treshold.
		// - Undo charts and restart growing process.
		// @@ How can we give preference to faces far from sharp features as in the LSCM paper?
		//   - those points can be found using a simple flood filling algorithm.
		//   - how do we weight the probabilities?
		while (m_facesLeft > 0)
			createRandomChart(threshold);
	}

	// Returns true if any of the charts can grow more.
	bool growCharts(float threshold, uint32_t faceCount)
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(atlasBuilderGrowCharts)
		// Using one global list.
		faceCount = min(faceCount, m_facesLeft);
		bool canAddAny = false;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; i++) {
			const Candidate &candidate = getBestCandidate();
			if (candidate.metric > threshold) {
				XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilderGrowCharts)
				return false; // Can't grow more.
			}
			createFaceTexcoords(candidate.chart, candidate.face);
			if (!canAddFaceToChart(candidate.chart, candidate.face))
				continue;
			addFaceToChart(candidate.chart, candidate.face);
			canAddAny = true;
		}
		XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilderGrowCharts)
		return canAddAny && m_facesLeft != 0; // Can continue growing.
	}

	void resetCharts()
	{
		const uint32_t faceCount = m_mesh->faceCount();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; i++) {
			m_faceChartArray[i] = -1;
			m_faceCandidateArray[i] = (uint32_t)-1;
		}
		m_facesLeft = m_meshFaces ? m_meshFaces->size() : faceCount;
		m_candidateArray.clear();
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_chartArray.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			ChartBuildData *chart = m_chartArray[i];
			const uint32_t seed = chart->seeds.back();
			chart->area = 0.0f;
			chart->boundaryLength = 0.0f;
			chart->normalSum = Vector3(0.0f);
			chart->centroidSum = Vector3(0.0f);
			chart->centroid = Vector3(0.0f);
			chart->faces.clear();
			chart->candidates.clear();
			addFaceToChart(chart, seed);
		}
#if XA_GROW_CHARTS_COPLANAR
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			ChartBuildData *chart = m_chartArray[i];
			growChartCoplanar(chart);
		}
#endif
	}

	void updateCandidates(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f)
	{
		// Traverse neighboring faces, add the ones that do not belong to any chart yet.
		for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			if (!it.isBoundary() && !m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()] && m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()] == -1)
				chart->candidates.push(it.oppositeFace());
		}
	}

	void updateProxies()
	{
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_chartArray.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++)
			updateProxy(m_chartArray[i]);
	}

	bool relocateSeeds()
	{
		bool anySeedChanged = false;
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_chartArray.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			if (relocateSeed(m_chartArray[i])) {
				anySeedChanged = true;
			}
		}
		return anySeedChanged;
	}

	void fillHoles(float threshold)
	{
		while (m_facesLeft > 0)
			createRandomChart(threshold);
	}

#if XA_MERGE_CHARTS
	void mergeCharts()
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(atlasBuilderMergeCharts)
		Array<float> sharedBoundaryLengths;
		Array<float> sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams;
		Array<uint32_t> sharedBoundaryEdgeCountNoSeams;
		Array<Vector2> tempTexcoords;
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_chartArray.size();
		// Merge charts progressively until there's none left to merge.
		for (;;) {
			bool merged = false;
			for (int c = chartCount - 1; c >= 0; c--) {
				ChartBuildData *chart = m_chartArray[c];
				if (chart == nullptr)
					continue;
				float externalBoundaryLength = 0.0f;
				sharedBoundaryLengths.clear();
				sharedBoundaryLengths.resize(chartCount, 0.0f);
				sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams.clear();
				sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams.resize(chartCount, 0.0f);
				sharedBoundaryEdgeCountNoSeams.clear();
				sharedBoundaryEdgeCountNoSeams.resize(chartCount, 0u);
				const uint32_t faceCount = chart->faces.size();
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; i++) {
					const uint32_t f = chart->faces[i];
					for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
						const float l = m_edgeLengths[it.edge()];
						if (it.isBoundary() || m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()]) {
							externalBoundaryLength += l;
						} else {
							const int neighborChart = m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()];
							if (m_chartArray[neighborChart] != chart) {
								if ((it.isSeam() && (isNormalSeam(it.edge()) || it.isTextureSeam()))) {
									externalBoundaryLength += l;
								} else {
									sharedBoundaryLengths[neighborChart] += l;
								}
								sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams[neighborChart] += l;
								sharedBoundaryEdgeCountNoSeams[neighborChart]++;
							}
						}
					}
				}
				for (int cc = chartCount - 1; cc >= 0; cc--) {
					if (cc == c)
						continue;
					ChartBuildData *chart2 = m_chartArray[cc];
					if (chart2 == nullptr)
						continue;
					// Compare proxies.
					if (dot(chart2->averageNormal, chart->averageNormal) < XA_MERGE_CHARTS_MIN_NORMAL_DEVIATION)
						continue;
					// Obey max chart area and boundary length.
					if (m_options.maxChartArea > 0.0f && chart->area + chart2->area > m_options.maxChartArea)
						continue;
					if (m_options.maxBoundaryLength > 0.0f && chart->boundaryLength + chart2->boundaryLength - sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams[cc] > m_options.maxBoundaryLength)
						continue;
					// Merge if chart2 has a single face.
					// chart1 must have more than 1 face.
					// chart2 area must be <= 10% of chart1 area.
					if (sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams[cc] > 0.0f && chart->faces.size() > 1 && chart2->faces.size() == 1 && chart2->area <= chart->area * 0.1f) 
						goto merge;
					// Merge if chart2 has two faces (probably a quad), and chart1 bounds at least 2 of its edges.
					if (chart2->faces.size() == 2 && sharedBoundaryEdgeCountNoSeams[cc] >= 2)
						goto merge;
					// Merge if chart2 is wholely inside chart1, ignoring seams.
					if (sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams[cc] > 0.0f && equal(sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams[cc], chart2->boundaryLength, kEpsilon))
						goto merge;
					if (sharedBoundaryLengths[cc] > 0.2f * max(0.0f, chart->boundaryLength - externalBoundaryLength) || 
						sharedBoundaryLengths[cc] > 0.75f * chart2->boundaryLength)
						goto merge;
					continue;
				merge:
					// Create texcoords for chart 2 using chart 1 basis. Backup chart 2 texcoords for restoration if charts cannot be merged.
					tempTexcoords.resize(chart2->faces.size());
					for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart2->faces.size(); i++) {
						const uint32_t face = chart2->faces[i];
						tempTexcoords[i] = m_texcoords[face];
						createFaceTexcoords(chart, face);
					}
					if (!canMergeCharts(chart, chart2)) {
						// Restore chart 2 texcoords.
						for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart2->faces.size(); i++)
							m_texcoords[chart2->faces[i]] = tempTexcoords[i];
						continue;
					}
					mergeChart(chart, chart2, sharedBoundaryLengthsNoSeams[cc]);
					merged = true;
					break;
				}
				if (merged)
					break;
			}
			if (!merged)
				break;
		}
		// Remove deleted charts.
		for (int c = 0; c < int32_t(m_chartArray.size()); /*do not increment if removed*/) {
			if (m_chartArray[c] == nullptr) {
				m_chartArray.removeAt(c);
				// Update m_faceChartArray.
				const uint32_t faceCount = m_faceChartArray.size();
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; i++) {
					XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_faceChartArray[i] != c);
					XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_faceChartArray[i] <= int32_t(m_chartArray.size()));
					if (m_faceChartArray[i] > c) {
						m_faceChartArray[i]--;
					}
				}
			} else {
				m_chartArray[c]->id = c;
				c++;
			}
		}
		XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilderMergeCharts)
	}
#endif

private:
	void createRandomChart(float threshold)
	{
		ChartBuildData *chart = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, ChartBuildData);
		chart->id = (int)m_chartArray.size();
		m_chartArray.push_back(chart);
		// Pick random face that is not used by any chart yet.
		uint32_t face = m_rand.getRange(m_mesh->faceCount() - 1);
		while (m_ignoreFaces[face] || m_faceChartArray[face] != -1) {
			if (++face >= m_mesh->faceCount())
				face = 0;
		}
		chart->seeds.push_back(face);
		addFaceToChart(chart, face, true);
#if XA_GROW_CHARTS_COPLANAR
		growChartCoplanar(chart);
#endif
		// Grow the chart as much as possible within the given threshold.
		growChart(chart, threshold, m_facesLeft);
	}

	void createFaceTexcoords(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t face)
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			const Vector3 &pos = m_mesh->position(m_mesh->vertexAt(face * 3 + i));
			m_texcoords[face * 3 + i] = Vector2(dot(chart->basis.tangent, pos), dot(chart->basis.bitangent, pos));
		}
	}

	bool isChartBoundaryEdge(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t edge) const
	{
		const uint32_t oppositeEdge = m_mesh->oppositeEdge(edge);
		const uint32_t oppositeFace = meshEdgeFace(oppositeEdge);
		return oppositeEdge == UINT32_MAX || m_ignoreFaces[oppositeFace] || m_faceChartArray[oppositeFace] != chart->id;
	}

	bool canAddFaceToChart(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t face)
	{
		// Find face edges that are on a mesh boundary or form a boundary with another chart.
		uint32_t edgesToCompare[3];
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			const uint32_t edge = face * 3 + i;
			const uint32_t oppositeEdge = m_mesh->oppositeEdge(edge);
			const uint32_t oppositeFace = meshEdgeFace(oppositeEdge);
			if (oppositeEdge == UINT32_MAX || m_ignoreFaces[oppositeFace] || m_faceChartArray[oppositeFace] != chart->id)
				edgesToCompare[i] = edge;
			else
				edgesToCompare[i] = UINT32_MAX;
		}
		// All edges on boundary? This can happen if the face is surrounded by the chart.
		if (edgesToCompare[0] == UINT32_MAX && edgesToCompare[1] == UINT32_MAX && edgesToCompare[2] == UINT32_MAX)
			return true;
		// Check if any valid face edge intersects the chart boundary.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart->faces.size(); i++) {
			const uint32_t chartFace = chart->faces[i];
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
				const uint32_t chartEdge = chartFace * 3 + j;
				if (!isChartBoundaryEdge(chart, chartEdge))
					continue;
				// Don't check chart boundary edges that border the face.
				const uint32_t oppositeChartEdge = m_mesh->oppositeEdge(chartEdge);
				if (meshEdgeFace(oppositeChartEdge) == face)
					continue;
				for (uint32_t k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
					if (edgesToCompare[k] == UINT32_MAX)
						continue;
					const uint32_t e1 = chartEdge;
					const uint32_t e2 = edgesToCompare[k];
					if (linesIntersect(m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex0(e1)], m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex1(e1)], m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex0(e2)], m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex1(e2)], m_mesh->epsilon()))
						return false;
				}
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	bool canMergeCharts(ChartBuildData *chart1, ChartBuildData *chart2)
	{
		for (uint32_t f1 = 0; f1 < chart1->faces.size(); f1++) {
			const uint32_t face1 = chart1->faces[f1];
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t edge1 = face1 * 3 + i;
				if (!isChartBoundaryEdge(chart1, edge1))
					continue;
				for (uint32_t f2 = 0; f2 < chart2->faces.size(); f2++) {
					const uint32_t face2 = chart2->faces[f2];
					for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
						const uint32_t edge2 = face2 * 3 + j;
						if (!isChartBoundaryEdge(chart2, edge2))
							continue;
						if (linesIntersect(m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex0(edge1)], m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex1(edge1)], m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex0(edge2)], m_texcoords[meshEdgeIndex1(edge2)], m_mesh->epsilon()))
							return false;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

	void addFaceToChart(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f, bool recomputeProxy = false)
	{
		// Use the first face normal as the chart basis.
		if (chart->faces.isEmpty()) {
			chart->basis.buildFrameForDirection(m_faceNormals[f]);
			createFaceTexcoords(chart, f);
		}
		// Add face to chart.
		chart->faces.push_back(f);
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_faceChartArray[f] == -1);
		m_faceChartArray[f] = chart->id;
		m_facesLeft--;
		// Update area and boundary length.
		chart->area = evaluateChartArea(chart, f);
		chart->boundaryLength = evaluateBoundaryLength(chart, f);
		chart->normalSum = evaluateChartNormalSum(chart, f);
		chart->centroidSum += m_mesh->triangleCenter(f);
		if (recomputeProxy) {
			// Update proxy and candidate's priorities.
			updateProxy(chart);
		}
		// Update candidates.
		removeCandidate(f);
		updateCandidates(chart, f);
		updatePriorities(chart);
	}

	bool growChart(ChartBuildData *chart, float threshold, uint32_t faceCount)
	{
		// Try to add faceCount faces within threshold to chart.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; ) {
			if (chart->candidates.count() == 0 || chart->candidates.firstPriority() > threshold)
				return false;
			const uint32_t f = chart->candidates.pop();
			if (m_faceChartArray[f] != -1)
				continue;
			createFaceTexcoords(chart, f);
			if (!canAddFaceToChart(chart, f))
				continue;
			addFaceToChart(chart, f);
			i++;
		}
		if (chart->candidates.count() == 0 || chart->candidates.firstPriority() > threshold)
			return false;
		return true;
	}

#if XA_GROW_CHARTS_COPLANAR
	void growChartCoplanar(ChartBuildData *chart)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(!chart->faces.isEmpty());
		const Vector3 chartNormal = m_faceNormals[chart->faces[0]];
		m_growFaces.clear();
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < chart->faces.size(); f++)
			m_growFaces.push_back(chart->faces[f]);
		for (;;) {
			if (m_growFaces.isEmpty())
				break;
			const uint32_t face = m_growFaces.back();
			m_growFaces.pop_back();
			for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, face); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
				if (it.isBoundary() || m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()] || m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()] != -1)
					continue;
				if (equal(dot(chartNormal, m_faceNormals[it.oppositeFace()]), 1.0f, kEpsilon)) {
					createFaceTexcoords(chart, it.oppositeFace());
					addFaceToChart(chart, it.oppositeFace());
					m_growFaces.push_back(it.oppositeFace());
				}
			}
		}
	}
#endif

	void updateProxy(ChartBuildData *chart) const
	{
		//#pragma message(NV_FILE_LINE "TODO: Use best fit plane instead of average normal.")
		chart->averageNormal = normalizeSafe(chart->normalSum, Vector3(0), 0.0f);
		chart->centroid = chart->centroidSum / float(chart->faces.size());
	}

	bool relocateSeed(ChartBuildData *chart)
	{
		// Find the first N triangles that fit the proxy best.
		const uint32_t faceCount = chart->faces.size();
		m_bestTriangles.clear();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; i++) {
			float priority = evaluateProxyFitMetric(chart, chart->faces[i]);
			m_bestTriangles.push(priority, chart->faces[i]);
		}
		// Of those, choose the least central triangle.
		uint32_t leastCentral = 0;
		float maxDistance = -1;
		const uint32_t bestCount = m_bestTriangles.count();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < bestCount; i++) {
			Vector3 faceCentroid = m_mesh->triangleCenter(m_bestTriangles.pairs[i].face);
			float distance = length(chart->centroid - faceCentroid);
			if (distance > maxDistance) {
				maxDistance = distance;
				leastCentral = m_bestTriangles.pairs[i].face;
			}
		}
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(maxDistance >= 0);
		// In order to prevent k-means cyles we record all the previously chosen seeds.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart->seeds.size(); i++) {
			if (chart->seeds[i] == leastCentral) {
				// Move new seed to the end of the seed array.
				uint32_t last = chart->seeds.size() - 1;
				swap(chart->seeds[i], chart->seeds[last]);
				return false;
			}
		}
		// Append new seed.
		chart->seeds.push_back(leastCentral);
		return true;
	}

	void updatePriorities(ChartBuildData *chart)
	{
		// Re-evaluate candidate priorities.
		uint32_t candidateCount = chart->candidates.count();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < candidateCount; i++) {
			PriorityQueue::Pair &pair = chart->candidates.pairs[i];
			pair.priority = evaluatePriority(chart, pair.face);
			if (m_faceChartArray[pair.face] == -1)
				updateCandidate(chart, pair.face, pair.priority);
		}
		// Sort candidates.
		chart->candidates.sort();
	}

	// Evaluate combined metric.
	float evaluatePriority(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t face) const
	{
		// Estimate boundary length and area:
		const float newChartArea = evaluateChartArea(chart, face);
		const float newBoundaryLength = evaluateBoundaryLength(chart, face);
		// Enforce limits strictly:
		if (m_options.maxChartArea > 0.0f && newChartArea > m_options.maxChartArea)
			return FLT_MAX;
		if (m_options.maxBoundaryLength > 0.0f && newBoundaryLength > m_options.maxBoundaryLength)
			return FLT_MAX;
		if (dot(m_faceNormals[face], chart->averageNormal) < 0.5f)
			return FLT_MAX;
		// Penalize faces that cross seams, reward faces that close seams or reach boundaries.
		// Make sure normal seams are fully respected:
		const float N = evaluateNormalSeamMetric(chart, face);
		if (m_options.normalSeamMetricWeight >= 1000.0f && N > 0.0f)
			return FLT_MAX;
		float cost = m_options.normalSeamMetricWeight * N;
		if (m_options.proxyFitMetricWeight > 0.0f)
			cost += m_options.proxyFitMetricWeight * evaluateProxyFitMetric(chart, face);
		if (m_options.roundnessMetricWeight > 0.0f)
			cost += m_options.roundnessMetricWeight * evaluateRoundnessMetric(chart, face, newBoundaryLength, newChartArea);
		if (m_options.straightnessMetricWeight > 0.0f)
			cost += m_options.straightnessMetricWeight * evaluateStraightnessMetric(chart, face);
		if (m_options.textureSeamMetricWeight > 0.0f)
			cost += m_options.textureSeamMetricWeight * evaluateTextureSeamMetric(chart, face);
		//float R = evaluateCompletenessMetric(chart, face);
		//float D = evaluateDihedralAngleMetric(chart, face);
		// @@ Add a metric based on local dihedral angle.
		// @@ Tweaking the normal and texture seam metrics.
		// - Cause more impedance. Never cross 90 degree edges.
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(cost));
		return cost;
	}

	// Returns a value in [0-1].
	float evaluateProxyFitMetric(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		const Vector3 faceNormal = m_faceNormals[f];
		// Use plane fitting metric for now:
		return 1 - dot(faceNormal, chart->averageNormal); // @@ normal deviations should be weighted by face area
	}

	float evaluateRoundnessMetric(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t /*face*/, float newBoundaryLength, float newChartArea) const
	{
		float roundness = square(chart->boundaryLength) / chart->area;
		float newRoundness = square(newBoundaryLength) / newChartArea;
		if (newRoundness > roundness) {
			return square(newBoundaryLength) / (newChartArea * 4.0f * kPi);
		} else {
			// Offer no impedance to faces that improve roundness.
			return 0;
		}
	}

	float evaluateStraightnessMetric(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		float l_out = 0.0f;
		float l_in = 0.0f;
		for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			float l = m_edgeLengths[it.edge()];
			if (it.isBoundary() || m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()]) {
				l_out += l;
			} else {
				if (m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()] != chart->id) {
					l_out += l;
				} else {
					l_in += l;
				}
			}
		}
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(l_in != 0.0f); // Candidate face must be adjacent to chart. @@ This is not true if the input mesh has zero-length edges.
		float ratio = (l_out - l_in) / (l_out + l_in);
		return min(ratio, 0.0f); // Only use the straightness metric to close gaps.
	}

	bool isNormalSeam(uint32_t edge) const
	{
		const uint32_t oppositeEdge = m_mesh->oppositeEdge(edge);
		if (oppositeEdge == UINT32_MAX)
			return false; // boundary edge
		if (m_mesh->flags() & MeshFlags::HasNormals) {
			const uint32_t v0 = m_mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(edge));
			const uint32_t v1 = m_mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(edge));
			const uint32_t ov0 = m_mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(oppositeEdge));
			const uint32_t ov1 = m_mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(oppositeEdge));
			return m_mesh->normal(v0) != m_mesh->normal(ov1) || m_mesh->normal(v1) != m_mesh->normal(ov0);
		}
		return m_faceNormals[meshEdgeFace(edge)] != m_faceNormals[meshEdgeFace(oppositeEdge)];
	}

	float evaluateNormalSeamMetric(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		float seamFactor = 0.0f;
		float totalLength = 0.0f;
		for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			if (it.isBoundary() || m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()])
				continue;
			if (m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()] != chart->id)
				continue;
			float l = m_edgeLengths[it.edge()];
			totalLength += l;
			if (!it.isSeam())
				continue;
			// Make sure it's a normal seam.
			if (isNormalSeam(it.edge())) {
				float d;
				if (m_mesh->flags() & MeshFlags::HasNormals) {
					const Vector3 &n0 = m_mesh->normal(it.vertex0());
					const Vector3 &n1 = m_mesh->normal(it.vertex1());
					const Vector3 &on0 = m_mesh->normal(m_mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(it.oppositeEdge())));
					const Vector3 &on1 = m_mesh->normal(m_mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(it.oppositeEdge())));
					const float d0 = clamp(dot(n0, on1), 0.0f, 1.0f);
					const float d1 = clamp(dot(n1, on0), 0.0f, 1.0f);
					d = (d0 + d1) * 0.5f;
				} else {
					d = clamp(dot(m_faceNormals[f], m_faceNormals[meshEdgeFace(it.oppositeEdge())]), 0.0f, 1.0f);
				}
				l *= 1 - d;
				seamFactor += l;
			}
		}
		if (seamFactor <= 0.0f)
			return 0.0f;
		return seamFactor / totalLength;
	}

	float evaluateTextureSeamMetric(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		float seamLength = 0.0f;
		float totalLength = 0.0f;
		for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			if (it.isBoundary() || m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()])
				continue;
			if (m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()] != chart->id)
				continue;
			float l = m_edgeLengths[it.edge()];
			totalLength += l;
			if (!it.isSeam())
				continue;
			// Make sure it's a texture seam.
			if (it.isTextureSeam())
				seamLength += l;
		}
		if (seamLength == 0.0f)
			return 0.0f; // Avoid division by zero.
		return seamLength / totalLength;
	}

	float evaluateChartArea(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		return chart->area + m_faceAreas[f];
	}

	float evaluateBoundaryLength(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		float boundaryLength = chart->boundaryLength;
		// Add new edges, subtract edges shared with the chart.
		for (Mesh::FaceEdgeIterator it(m_mesh, f); !it.isDone(); it.advance()) {
			const float edgeLength = m_edgeLengths[it.edge()];
			if (it.isBoundary() || m_ignoreFaces[it.oppositeFace()]) {
				boundaryLength += edgeLength;
			} else {
				if (m_faceChartArray[it.oppositeFace()] != chart->id)
					boundaryLength += edgeLength;
				else
					boundaryLength -= edgeLength;
			}
		}
		return max(0.0f, boundaryLength);  // @@ Hack!
	}

	Vector3 evaluateChartNormalSum(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f) const
	{
		return chart->normalSum + m_mesh->triangleNormalAreaScaled(f);
	}

	// @@ Cleanup.
	struct Candidate {
		ChartBuildData *chart;
		uint32_t face;
		float metric;
	};

	// @@ Get N best candidates in one pass.
	const Candidate &getBestCandidate() const
	{
		uint32_t best = 0;
		float bestCandidateMetric = FLT_MAX;
		const uint32_t candidateCount = m_candidateArray.size();
		XA_ASSERT(candidateCount > 0);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < candidateCount; i++) {
			const Candidate &candidate = m_candidateArray[i];
			if (candidate.metric < bestCandidateMetric) {
				bestCandidateMetric = candidate.metric;
				best = i;
			}
		}
		return m_candidateArray[best];
	}

	void removeCandidate(uint32_t f)
	{
		int c = m_faceCandidateArray[f];
		if (c != -1) {
			m_faceCandidateArray[f] = (uint32_t)-1;
			if (c == int(m_candidateArray.size() - 1)) {
				m_candidateArray.pop_back();
			} else {
				// Replace with last.
				m_candidateArray[c] = m_candidateArray[m_candidateArray.size() - 1];
				m_candidateArray.pop_back();
				m_faceCandidateArray[m_candidateArray[c].face] = c;
			}
		}
	}

	void updateCandidate(ChartBuildData *chart, uint32_t f, float metric)
	{
		if (m_faceCandidateArray[f] == (uint32_t)-1) {
			const uint32_t index = m_candidateArray.size();
			m_faceCandidateArray[f] = index;
			m_candidateArray.resize(index + 1);
			m_candidateArray[index].face = f;
			m_candidateArray[index].chart = chart;
			m_candidateArray[index].metric = metric;
		} else {
			const uint32_t c = m_faceCandidateArray[f];
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(c != (uint32_t)-1);
			Candidate &candidate = m_candidateArray[c];
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(candidate.face == f);
			if (metric < candidate.metric || chart == candidate.chart) {
				candidate.metric = metric;
				candidate.chart = chart;
			}
		}
	}

	void mergeChart(ChartBuildData *owner, ChartBuildData *chart, float sharedBoundaryLength)
	{
		const uint32_t faceCount = chart->faces.size();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCount; i++) {
			uint32_t f = chart->faces[i];
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(m_faceChartArray[f] == chart->id);
			m_faceChartArray[f] = owner->id;
			owner->faces.push_back(f);
		}
		// Update adjacencies?
		owner->area += chart->area;
		owner->boundaryLength += chart->boundaryLength - sharedBoundaryLength;
		owner->normalSum += chart->normalSum;
		updateProxy(owner);
		// Delete chart.
		m_chartArray[chart->id] = nullptr;
		chart->~ChartBuildData();
		XA_FREE(chart);
	}

	const Mesh *m_mesh;
	const Array<uint32_t> *m_meshFaces;
	Array<bool> m_ignoreFaces;
	Array<float> m_edgeLengths;
	Array<float> m_faceAreas;
	Array<Vector3> m_faceNormals;
	Array<Vector2> m_texcoords;
	Array<uint32_t> m_growFaces;
	uint32_t m_facesLeft;
	Array<int> m_faceChartArray;
	Array<ChartBuildData *> m_chartArray;
	Array<Candidate> m_candidateArray;
	Array<uint32_t> m_faceCandidateArray; // Map face index to candidate index.
	PriorityQueue m_bestTriangles;
	KISSRng m_rand;
	ChartOptions m_options;
};

// Estimate quality of existing parameterization.
struct ParameterizationQuality
{
	uint32_t totalTriangleCount = 0;
	uint32_t flippedTriangleCount = 0;
	uint32_t zeroAreaTriangleCount = 0;
	float parametricArea = 0.0f;
	float geometricArea = 0.0f;
	float stretchMetric = 0.0f;
	float maxStretchMetric = 0.0f;
	float conformalMetric = 0.0f;
	float authalicMetric = 0.0f;
	bool boundaryIntersection = false;
};

static ParameterizationQuality calculateParameterizationQuality(const Mesh *mesh, Array<uint32_t> *flippedFaces)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(mesh != nullptr);
	ParameterizationQuality quality;
	const uint32_t faceCount = mesh->faceCount();
	uint32_t firstBoundaryEdge = UINT32_MAX;
	for (uint32_t e = 0; e < mesh->edgeCount(); e++) {
		if (mesh->isBoundaryEdge(e)) {
			firstBoundaryEdge = e;
		}
	}
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(firstBoundaryEdge != UINT32_MAX);
	for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it1(mesh, firstBoundaryEdge); !it1.isDone(); it1.advance()) {
		const uint32_t edge1 = it1.edge();
		for (Mesh::BoundaryEdgeIterator it2(mesh, firstBoundaryEdge); !it2.isDone(); it2.advance()) {
			const uint32_t edge2 = it2.edge();
			// Skip self and edges directly connected to edge1.
			if (edge1 == edge2 || it1.nextEdge() == edge2 || it2.nextEdge() == edge1)
				continue;
			const Vector2 &a1 = mesh->texcoord(mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(edge1)));
			const Vector2 &a2 = mesh->texcoord(mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(edge1)));
			const Vector2 &b1 = mesh->texcoord(mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex0(edge2)));
			const Vector2 &b2 = mesh->texcoord(mesh->vertexAt(meshEdgeIndex1(edge2)));
			if (linesIntersect(a1, a2, b1, b2, mesh->epsilon())) {
				quality.boundaryIntersection = true;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (quality.boundaryIntersection)
			break;
	}
	if (flippedFaces)
		flippedFaces->clear();
	for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
		Vector3 pos[3];
		Vector2 texcoord[3];
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
			const uint32_t v = mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + i);
			pos[i] = mesh->position(v);
			texcoord[i] = mesh->texcoord(v);
		}
		quality.totalTriangleCount++;
		// Evaluate texture stretch metric. See:
		// - "Texture Mapping Progressive Meshes", Sander, Snyder, Gortler & Hoppe
		// - "Mesh Parameterization: Theory and Practice", Siggraph'07 Course Notes, Hormann, Levy & Sheffer.
		const float t1 = texcoord[0].x;
		const float s1 = texcoord[0].y;
		const float t2 = texcoord[1].x;
		const float s2 = texcoord[1].y;
		const float t3 = texcoord[2].x;
		const float s3 = texcoord[2].y;
		float parametricArea = ((s2 - s1) * (t3 - t1) - (s3 - s1) * (t2 - t1)) / 2;
		if (isZero(parametricArea, kAreaEpsilon)) {
			quality.zeroAreaTriangleCount++;
			continue;
		}
		if (parametricArea < 0.0f) {
			// Count flipped triangles.
			quality.flippedTriangleCount++;
			if (flippedFaces)
				flippedFaces->push_back(f);
			parametricArea = fabsf(parametricArea);
		}
		const float geometricArea = length(cross(pos[1] - pos[0], pos[2] - pos[0])) / 2;
		const Vector3 Ss = (pos[0] * (t2 - t3) + pos[1] * (t3 - t1) + pos[2] * (t1 - t2)) / (2 * parametricArea);
		const Vector3 St = (pos[0] * (s3 - s2) + pos[1] * (s1 - s3) + pos[2] * (s2 - s1)) / (2 * parametricArea);
		const float a = dot(Ss, Ss); // E
		const float b = dot(Ss, St); // F
		const float c = dot(St, St); // G
		// Compute eigen-values of the first fundamental form:
		const float sigma1 = sqrtf(0.5f * max(0.0f, a + c - sqrtf(square(a - c) + 4 * square(b)))); // gamma uppercase, min eigenvalue.
		const float sigma2 = sqrtf(0.5f * max(0.0f, a + c + sqrtf(square(a - c) + 4 * square(b)))); // gamma lowercase, max eigenvalue.
		XA_ASSERT(sigma2 > sigma1 || equal(sigma1, sigma2, kEpsilon));
		// isometric: sigma1 = sigma2 = 1
		// conformal: sigma1 / sigma2 = 1
		// authalic: sigma1 * sigma2 = 1
		const float rmsStretch = sqrtf((a + c) * 0.5f);
		const float rmsStretch2 = sqrtf((square(sigma1) + square(sigma2)) * 0.5f);
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(equal(rmsStretch, rmsStretch2, 0.01f));
		XA_UNUSED(rmsStretch2);
		quality.stretchMetric += square(rmsStretch) * geometricArea;
		quality.maxStretchMetric = max(quality.maxStretchMetric, sigma2);
		if (!isZero(sigma1, 0.000001f)) {
			// sigma1 is zero when geometricArea is zero.
			quality.conformalMetric += (sigma2 / sigma1) * geometricArea;
		}
		quality.authalicMetric += (sigma1 * sigma2) * geometricArea;
		// Accumulate total areas.
		quality.geometricArea += geometricArea;
		quality.parametricArea += parametricArea;
		//triangleConformalEnergy(q, p);
	}
	if (quality.flippedTriangleCount + quality.zeroAreaTriangleCount == quality.totalTriangleCount) {
		// If all triangles are flipped, then none are.
		if (flippedFaces)
			flippedFaces->clear();
		quality.flippedTriangleCount = 0;
	}
	if (quality.flippedTriangleCount > quality.totalTriangleCount / 2)
	{
		// If more than half the triangles are flipped, reverse the flipped / not flipped classification.
		quality.flippedTriangleCount = quality.totalTriangleCount - quality.flippedTriangleCount;
		if (flippedFaces) {
			Array<uint32_t> temp(*flippedFaces);
			flippedFaces->clear();
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
				bool match = false;
				for (uint32_t ff = 0; ff < temp.size(); ff++) {
					if (temp[ff] == f) {
						match = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (!match)
					flippedFaces->push_back(f);
			}
		}
	}
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(quality.parametricArea) && quality.parametricArea >= 0);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(quality.geometricArea) && quality.geometricArea >= 0);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(quality.stretchMetric));
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(quality.maxStretchMetric));
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(quality.conformalMetric));
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(quality.authalicMetric));
	if (quality.geometricArea <= 0.0f) {
		quality.stretchMetric = 0.0f;
		quality.maxStretchMetric = 0.0f;
		quality.conformalMetric = 0.0f;
		quality.authalicMetric = 0.0f;
	} else {
		const float normFactor = sqrtf(quality.parametricArea / quality.geometricArea);
		quality.stretchMetric = sqrtf(quality.stretchMetric / quality.geometricArea) * normFactor;
		quality.maxStretchMetric  *= normFactor;
		quality.conformalMetric = sqrtf(quality.conformalMetric / quality.geometricArea);
		quality.authalicMetric = sqrtf(quality.authalicMetric / quality.geometricArea);
	}
	return quality;
}

struct ChartWarningFlags
{
	enum Enum
	{
		CloseHolesFailed = 1<<1,
		FixTJunctionsDuplicatedEdge = 1<<2,
		FixTJunctionsFailed = 1<<3,
		TriangulateDuplicatedEdge = 1<<4,
	};
};

/// A chart is a connected set of faces with a certain topology (usually a disk).
class Chart
{
public:
	Chart(const Mesh *originalMesh, const Array<uint32_t> &faceArray, const Basis &basis, uint32_t meshId, uint32_t chartGroupId, uint32_t chartId) : m_basis(basis), m_mesh(nullptr), m_unifiedMesh(nullptr), m_isDisk(false), m_isOrtho(false), m_isPlanar(false), m_warningFlags(0), m_closedHolesCount(0), m_fixedTJunctionsCount(0), m_faceArray(faceArray)
	{
		XA_UNUSED(meshId);
		XA_UNUSED(chartGroupId);
		XA_UNUSED(chartId);
		// Copy face indices.
		m_mesh = XA_NEW(MemTag::Mesh, Mesh, originalMesh->epsilon(), faceArray.size() * 3, faceArray.size());
		m_unifiedMesh = XA_NEW(MemTag::Mesh, Mesh, originalMesh->epsilon(), faceArray.size() * 3, faceArray.size());
		Array<uint32_t> chartMeshIndices;
		chartMeshIndices.resize(originalMesh->vertexCount(), (uint32_t)~0);
		Array<uint32_t> unifiedMeshIndices;
		unifiedMeshIndices.resize(originalMesh->vertexCount(), (uint32_t)~0);
		// Add vertices.
		const uint32_t faceCount = faceArray.size();
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t vertex = originalMesh->vertexAt(faceArray[f] * 3 + i);
				const uint32_t unifiedVertex = originalMesh->firstColocal(vertex);
				if (unifiedMeshIndices[unifiedVertex] == (uint32_t)~0) {
					unifiedMeshIndices[unifiedVertex] = m_unifiedMesh->vertexCount();
					XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(equal(originalMesh->position(vertex), originalMesh->position(unifiedVertex), originalMesh->epsilon()));
					m_unifiedMesh->addVertex(originalMesh->position(vertex));
				}
				if (chartMeshIndices[vertex] == (uint32_t)~0) {
					chartMeshIndices[vertex] = m_mesh->vertexCount();
					m_chartToOriginalMap.push_back(vertex);
					m_chartToUnifiedMap.push_back(unifiedMeshIndices[unifiedVertex]);
					m_mesh->addVertex(originalMesh->position(vertex), Vector3(0.0f), originalMesh->texcoord(vertex));
				}
			}
		}
		// Add faces.
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			uint32_t indices[3], unifiedIndices[3];
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t vertex = originalMesh->vertexAt(faceArray[f] * 3 + i);
				indices[i] = chartMeshIndices[vertex];
				unifiedIndices[i] = unifiedMeshIndices[originalMesh->firstColocal(vertex)];
			}
			Mesh::AddFaceResult::Enum result = m_mesh->addFace(indices);
			XA_UNUSED(result);
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(result == Mesh::AddFaceResult::OK);
#if XA_DEBUG
			// Unifying colocals may create degenerate edges. e.g. if two triangle vertices are colocal.
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t index1 = unifiedIndices[i];
				const uint32_t index2 = unifiedIndices[(i + 1) % 3];
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(index1 != index2);
			}
#endif
			result = m_unifiedMesh->addFace(unifiedIndices);
			XA_UNUSED(result);
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(result == Mesh::AddFaceResult::OK);
		}
		m_mesh->createBoundaries(); // For AtlasPacker::computeBoundingBox
		m_unifiedMesh->createBoundaries();
		m_unifiedMesh->linkBoundaries();
		m_isPlanar = meshIsPlanar(*m_unifiedMesh);
		if (m_isPlanar) {
			m_isDisk = true;
		} else {
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_BEFORE_FIX_TJUNCTION
			m_unifiedMesh->writeObjFile("debug_before_fix_tjunction.obj");
#endif
			bool duplicatedEdge = false, failed = false;
			XA_PROFILE_START(fixChartMeshTJunctions)
			Mesh *fixedUnifiedMesh = meshFixTJunctions(*m_unifiedMesh, &duplicatedEdge, &failed, &m_fixedTJunctionsCount);
			XA_PROFILE_END(fixChartMeshTJunctions)
			if (fixedUnifiedMesh) {
				if (duplicatedEdge)
					m_warningFlags |= ChartWarningFlags::FixTJunctionsDuplicatedEdge;
				if (failed)
					m_warningFlags |= ChartWarningFlags::FixTJunctionsFailed;
				m_unifiedMesh->~Mesh();
				XA_FREE(m_unifiedMesh);
				m_unifiedMesh = fixedUnifiedMesh;
				m_unifiedMesh->createBoundaries();
				m_unifiedMesh->linkBoundaries();
			}
			// See if there are any holes that need closing.
			Array<uint32_t> boundaryLoops;
			meshGetBoundaryLoops(*m_unifiedMesh, boundaryLoops);
			if (boundaryLoops.size() > 1) {
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CLOSE_HOLES_ERROR
				const uint32_t faceCountBeforeHolesClosed = m_unifiedMesh->faceCount();
#endif
				// Closing the holes is not always the best solution and does not fix all the problems.
				// We need to do some analysis of the holes and the genus to:
				// - Find cuts that reduce genus.
				// - Find cuts to connect holes.
				// - Use minimal spanning trees or seamster.
				Array<uint32_t> holeFaceCounts;
				XA_PROFILE_START(closeChartMeshHoles)
				failed = !meshCloseHoles(m_unifiedMesh, boundaryLoops, basis.normal, holeFaceCounts);
				XA_PROFILE_END(closeChartMeshHoles)
				m_unifiedMesh->createBoundaries();
				m_unifiedMesh->linkBoundaries();
				meshGetBoundaryLoops(*m_unifiedMesh, boundaryLoops);
				if (failed || boundaryLoops.size() > 1)
					m_warningFlags |= ChartWarningFlags::CloseHolesFailed;
				m_closedHolesCount = holeFaceCounts.size();
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CLOSE_HOLES_ERROR
				if (m_warningFlags & ChartWarningFlags::CloseHolesFailed) {
					char filename[256];
					XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_mesh_%03u_chartgroup_%03u_chart_%03u_close_holes_error.obj", meshId, chartGroupId, chartId);
					FILE *file;
					XA_FOPEN(file, filename, "w");
					if (file) {
						m_unifiedMesh->writeObjVertices(file);
						fprintf(file, "s off\n");
						fprintf(file, "o object\n");
						for (uint32_t i = 0; i < faceCountBeforeHolesClosed; i++)
							m_unifiedMesh->writeObjFace(file, i);
						uint32_t face = faceCountBeforeHolesClosed;
						for (uint32_t i = 0; i < holeFaceCounts.size(); i++) {
							fprintf(file, "s off\n");
							fprintf(file, "o hole%u\n", i);
							for (uint32_t j = 0; j < holeFaceCounts[i]; j++) {
								m_unifiedMesh->writeObjFace(file, face);
								face++;
							}
						}
						m_unifiedMesh->writeObjBoundaryEges(file);
						m_unifiedMesh->writeObjLinkedBoundaries(file);
						fclose(file);
					}
				}
#endif
			}
			// Note: MeshTopology needs linked boundaries.
			MeshTopology topology(m_unifiedMesh);
			m_isDisk = topology.isDisk();
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_NOT_DISK
			if (!m_isDisk) {
				char filename[256];
				XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_mesh_%03u_chartgroup_%03u_chart_%03u_not_disk.obj", meshId, chartGroupId, chartId);
				m_unifiedMesh->writeObjFile(filename);
			}
#endif
		}
	}

	~Chart()
	{
		if (m_mesh) {
			m_mesh->~Mesh();
			XA_FREE(m_mesh);
		}
		if (m_unifiedMesh) {
			m_unifiedMesh->~Mesh();
			XA_FREE(m_unifiedMesh);
		}
	}

	const Basis &basis() const { return m_basis; }
	bool isDisk() const { return m_isDisk; }
	bool isOrtho() const { return m_isOrtho; }
	bool isPlanar() const { return m_isPlanar; }
	uint32_t warningFlags() const { return m_warningFlags; }
	uint32_t closedHolesCount() const { return m_closedHolesCount; }
	uint32_t fixedTJunctionsCount() const { return m_fixedTJunctionsCount; }
	const ParameterizationQuality &paramQuality() const { return m_paramQuality; }
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_INVALID_PARAMETERIZATION
	const Array<uint32_t> &paramFlippedFaces() const { return m_paramFlippedFaces; }
#endif
	uint32_t mapFaceToSourceFace(uint32_t i) const { return m_faceArray[i]; }
	const Mesh *mesh() const { return m_mesh; }
	Mesh *mesh() { return m_mesh; }
	const Mesh *unifiedMesh() const { return m_unifiedMesh; }
	Mesh *unifiedMesh() { return m_unifiedMesh; }
	uint32_t mapChartVertexToOriginalVertex(uint32_t i) const { return m_chartToOriginalMap[i]; }

	void evaluateOrthoParameterizationQuality()
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(parameterizeChartsEvaluateQuality)
		m_paramQuality = calculateParameterizationQuality(m_unifiedMesh, nullptr);
		XA_PROFILE_END(parameterizeChartsEvaluateQuality)
		// Use orthogonal parameterization if quality is acceptable.
		if (!m_paramQuality.boundaryIntersection && m_paramQuality.geometricArea > 0.0f && m_paramQuality.stretchMetric <= 1.1f && m_paramQuality.maxStretchMetric <= 1.25f)
			m_isOrtho = true;
	}

	void evaluateParameterizationQuality()
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(parameterizeChartsEvaluateQuality)
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_INVALID_PARAMETERIZATION
		m_paramQuality = calculateParameterizationQuality(m_unifiedMesh, &m_paramFlippedFaces);
#else
		m_paramQuality = calculateParameterizationQuality(m_unifiedMesh, nullptr);
#endif
		XA_PROFILE_END(parameterizeChartsEvaluateQuality)
	}

	// Transfer parameterization from unified mesh to chart mesh.
	void transferParameterization()
	{
		const uint32_t vertexCount = m_mesh->vertexCount();
		for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++)
			m_mesh->texcoord(v) = m_unifiedMesh->texcoord(m_chartToUnifiedMap[v]);
	}

	float computeSurfaceArea() const
	{
		return m_mesh->computeSurfaceArea();
	}

	float computeParametricArea() const
	{
		return m_mesh->computeParametricArea();
	}

	Vector2 computeParametricBounds() const
	{
		Vector2 minCorner(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
		Vector2 maxCorner(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
		const uint32_t vertexCount = m_mesh->vertexCount();
		for (uint32_t v = 0; v < vertexCount; v++) {
			minCorner = min(minCorner, m_mesh->texcoord(v));
			maxCorner = max(maxCorner, m_mesh->texcoord(v));
		}
		return (maxCorner - minCorner) * 0.5f;
	}

private:
	Basis m_basis;
	Mesh *m_mesh;
	Mesh *m_unifiedMesh;
	bool m_isDisk, m_isOrtho, m_isPlanar;
	uint32_t m_warningFlags;
	uint32_t m_closedHolesCount, m_fixedTJunctionsCount;

	// List of faces of the original mesh that belong to this chart.
	Array<uint32_t> m_faceArray;

	// Map vertices of the chart mesh to vertices of the original mesh.
	Array<uint32_t> m_chartToOriginalMap;

	Array<uint32_t> m_chartToUnifiedMap;

	ParameterizationQuality m_paramQuality;
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_INVALID_PARAMETERIZATION
	Array<uint32_t> m_paramFlippedFaces;
#endif
};

struct CreateChartTaskArgs
{
	const Mesh *mesh;
	const Array<uint32_t> *faceArray;
	const Basis *basis;
	uint32_t meshId;
	uint32_t chartGroupId;
	uint32_t chartId;
	Chart **chart;
};

static void runCreateChartTask(void *userData)
{
	XA_PROFILE_START(createChartMeshesThread)
	auto args = (CreateChartTaskArgs *)userData;
	*(args->chart) = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, Chart, args->mesh, *(args->faceArray), *(args->basis), args->meshId, args->chartGroupId, args->chartId);
	XA_PROFILE_END(createChartMeshesThread)
}

struct ParameterizeChartTaskArgs
{
	Chart *chart;
	ParameterizeFunc func;
};

static void runParameterizeChartTask(void *userData)
{
	auto args = (ParameterizeChartTaskArgs *)userData;
	Mesh *mesh = args->chart->unifiedMesh();
	XA_PROFILE_START(parameterizeChartsOrthogonal)
#if 1
	computeOrthogonalProjectionMap(mesh);
#else
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vertexCount; i++)
		mesh->texcoord(i) = Vector2(dot(args->chart->basis().tangent, mesh->position(i)), dot(args->chart->basis().bitangent, mesh->position(i)));
#endif
	XA_PROFILE_END(parameterizeChartsOrthogonal)
	args->chart->evaluateOrthoParameterizationQuality();
	if (!args->chart->isOrtho() && !args->chart->isPlanar()) {
		XA_PROFILE_START(parameterizeChartsLSCM)
		if (args->func)
			args->func(&mesh->position(0).x, &mesh->texcoord(0).x, mesh->vertexCount(), mesh->indices(), mesh->indexCount());
		else if (args->chart->isDisk())
			computeLeastSquaresConformalMap(mesh);
		XA_PROFILE_END(parameterizeChartsLSCM)
		args->chart->evaluateParameterizationQuality();
	}
	// @@ Check that parameterization quality is above a certain threshold.
	// Transfer parameterization from unified mesh to chart mesh.
	args->chart->transferParameterization();
}

// Set of charts corresponding to mesh faces in the same face group.
class ChartGroup
{
public:
	ChartGroup(uint32_t id, const Mesh *sourceMesh, uint32_t faceGroup) : m_sourceId(sourceMesh->id()), m_id(id), m_isVertexMap(faceGroup == UINT32_MAX), m_paramAddedChartsCount(0), m_paramDeletedChartsCount(0)
	{
		// Create new mesh from the source mesh, using faces that belong to this group.
		const uint32_t sourceFaceCount = sourceMesh->faceCount();
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < sourceFaceCount; f++) {
			if (sourceMesh->faceGroupAt(f) == faceGroup)
				m_faceToSourceFaceMap.push_back(f);
		}
		// Only initial meshes have face groups and ignored faces. The only flag we care about is HasNormals.
		const uint32_t faceCount = m_faceToSourceFaceMap.size();
		m_mesh = XA_NEW(MemTag::Mesh, Mesh, sourceMesh->epsilon(), faceCount * 3, faceCount, sourceMesh->flags() & MeshFlags::HasNormals);
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(faceCount > 0);
		Array<uint32_t> meshIndices;
		meshIndices.resize(sourceMesh->vertexCount(), (uint32_t)~0);
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			const uint32_t face = m_faceToSourceFaceMap[f];
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t vertex = sourceMesh->vertexAt(face * 3 + i);
				if (meshIndices[vertex] == (uint32_t)~0) {
					meshIndices[vertex] = m_mesh->vertexCount();
					m_vertexToSourceVertexMap.push_back(vertex);
					Vector3 normal(0.0f);
					if (sourceMesh->flags() & MeshFlags::HasNormals)
						normal = sourceMesh->normal(vertex);
					m_mesh->addVertex(sourceMesh->position(vertex), normal, sourceMesh->texcoord(vertex));
				}
			}
		}
		// Add faces.
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			const uint32_t face = m_faceToSourceFaceMap[f];
			uint32_t indices[3];
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
				const uint32_t vertex = sourceMesh->vertexAt(face * 3 + i);
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshIndices[vertex] != (uint32_t)~0);
				indices[i] = meshIndices[vertex];
			}
			// Don't copy flags, it doesn't matter if a face is ignored after this point. All ignored faces get their own vertex map (m_isVertexMap) ChartGroup.
			// Don't hash edges if m_isVertexMap, they may be degenerate.
			Mesh::AddFaceResult::Enum result = m_mesh->addFace(indices, false, !m_isVertexMap);
			XA_UNUSED(result);
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(result == Mesh::AddFaceResult::OK);
		}
		if (!m_isVertexMap) {
			m_mesh->createColocals();
			m_mesh->createBoundaries();
			m_mesh->linkBoundaries();
		}
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHART_GROUPS
		char filename[256];
		XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_mesh_%03u_chartgroup_%03u.obj", m_sourceId, m_id);
		m_mesh->writeObjFile(filename);
#else
		XA_UNUSED(m_id);
#endif
	}

	~ChartGroup()
	{
		m_mesh->~Mesh();
		XA_FREE(m_mesh);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartArray.size(); i++) {
			m_chartArray[i]->~Chart();
			XA_FREE(m_chartArray[i]);
		}
	}

	uint32_t chartCount() const { return m_chartArray.size(); }
	Chart *chartAt(uint32_t i) const { return m_chartArray[i]; }
	uint32_t paramAddedChartsCount() const { return m_paramAddedChartsCount; }
	uint32_t paramDeletedChartsCount() const { return m_paramDeletedChartsCount; }
	bool isVertexMap() const { return m_isVertexMap; }
	uint32_t mapFaceToSourceFace(uint32_t face) const { return m_faceToSourceFaceMap[face]; }
	uint32_t mapVertexToSourceVertex(uint32_t i) const { return m_vertexToSourceVertexMap[i]; }
	const Mesh *mesh() const { return m_mesh; }

	/*
	Compute charts using a simple segmentation algorithm.

	LSCM:
	- identify sharp features using local dihedral angles.
	- identify seed faces farthest from sharp features.
	- grow charts from these seeds.

	MCGIM:
	- phase 1: chart growth
	  - grow all charts simultaneously using dijkstra search on the dual graph of the mesh.
	  - graph edges are weighted based on planarity metric.
	  - metric uses distance to global chart normal.
	  - terminate when all faces have been assigned.
	- phase 2: seed computation:
	  - place new seed of the chart at the most interior face.
	  - most interior is evaluated using distance metric only.

	- method repeates the two phases, until the location of the seeds does not change.
	  - cycles are detected by recording all the previous seeds and chartification terminates.

	D-Charts:

	- Uniaxial conic metric:
	  - N_c = axis of the generalized cone that best fits the chart. (cone can a be cylinder or a plane).
	  - omega_c = angle between the face normals and the axis.
	  - Fitting error between chart C and tringle t: F(c,t) = (N_c*n_t - cos(omega_c))^2

	- Compactness metrics:
	  - Roundness:
		- C(c,t) = pi * D(S_c,t)^2 / A_c
		- S_c = chart seed.
		- D(S_c,t) = length of the shortest path inside the chart betwen S_c and t.
		- A_c = chart area.
	  - Straightness:
		- P(c,t) = l_out(c,t) / l_in(c,t)
		- l_out(c,t) = lenght of the edges not shared between C and t.
		- l_in(c,t) = lenght of the edges shared between C and t.

	- Combined metric:
	  - Cost(c,t) = F(c,t)^alpha + C(c,t)^beta + P(c,t)^gamma
	  - alpha = 1, beta = 0.7, gamma = 0.5

	Our basic approach:
	- Just one iteration of k-means?
	- Avoid dijkstra by greedily growing charts until a threshold is met. Increase threshold and repeat until no faces left.
	- If distortion metric is too high, split chart, add two seeds.
	- If chart size is low, try removing chart.

	Postprocess:
	- If topology is not disk:
	  - Fill holes, if new faces fit proxy.
	  - Find best cut, otherwise.
	- After parameterization:
	  - If boundary self-intersects:
		- cut chart along the closest two diametral boundary vertices, repeat parametrization.
		- what if the overlap is on an appendix? How do we find that out and cut appropiately?
		  - emphasize roundness metrics to prevent those cases.
	  - If interior self-overlaps: preserve boundary parameterization and use mean-value map.
	*/
	void computeCharts(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, const ChartOptions &options)
	{
		m_chartOptions = options;
		// This function may be called multiple times, so destroy existing charts.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartArray.size(); i++) {
			m_chartArray[i]->~Chart();
			XA_FREE(m_chartArray[i]);
		}
		m_chartArray.clear();
#if XA_DEBUG_SINGLE_CHART
		Array<uint32_t> chartFaces;
		chartFaces.resize(m_mesh->faceCount());
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartFaces.size(); i++)
			chartFaces[i] = i;
		Chart *chart = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, Chart, m_mesh, chartFaces, m_sourceId, m_id, 0);
		m_chartArray.push_back(chart);
#else
		XA_PROFILE_START(atlasBuilder)
		AtlasBuilder builder(m_mesh, nullptr, options);
		runAtlasBuilder(builder, options);
		XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilder)
		const uint32_t chartCount = builder.chartCount();
		m_chartArray.resize(chartCount);
		Array<CreateChartTaskArgs> taskArgs;
		taskArgs.resize(chartCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			CreateChartTaskArgs &args = taskArgs[i];
			args.mesh = m_mesh;
			args.faceArray = &builder.chartFaces(i);
			args.basis = &builder.chartBasis(i);
			args.meshId = m_sourceId;
			args.chartGroupId = m_id;
			args.chartId = i;
			args.chart = &m_chartArray[i];
		}
		XA_PROFILE_START(createChartMeshesReal)
		TaskGroupHandle taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(chartCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			Task task;
			task.userData = &taskArgs[i];
			task.func = runCreateChartTask;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
		XA_PROFILE_END(createChartMeshesReal)
#endif
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHARTS
		char filename[256];
		XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_mesh_%03u_chartgroup_%03u_charts.obj", m_sourceId, m_id);
		FILE *file;
		XA_FOPEN(file, filename, "w");
		if (file) {
			m_mesh->writeObjVertices(file);
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
				fprintf(file, "o chart_%04d\n", i);
				fprintf(file, "s off\n");
				const Array<uint32_t> &faces = builder.chartFaces(i);
				for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faces.size(); f++)
					m_mesh->writeObjFace(file, faces[f]);
			}
			m_mesh->writeObjBoundaryEges(file);
			m_mesh->writeObjLinkedBoundaries(file);
			fclose(file);
		}
#endif
	}

	void parameterizeCharts(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, ParameterizeFunc func)
	{
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_chartArray.size();
		Array<ParameterizeChartTaskArgs> taskArgs;
		taskArgs.resize(chartCount);
		TaskGroupHandle taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(chartCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			ParameterizeChartTaskArgs &args = taskArgs[i];
			args.chart = m_chartArray[i];
			args.func = func;
			Task task;
			task.userData = &args;
			task.func = runParameterizeChartTask;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
#if XA_RECOMPUTE_CHARTS
		// Find charts with invalid parameterizations.
		Array<Chart *> invalidCharts;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			Chart *chart = m_chartArray[i];
			const ParameterizationQuality &quality = chart->paramQuality();
			if (quality.boundaryIntersection || quality.flippedTriangleCount > 0)
				invalidCharts.push_back(chart);
		}
		if (invalidCharts.isEmpty())
			return;
		// Recompute charts with invalid parameterizations.
		Array<uint32_t> meshFaces;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < invalidCharts.size(); i++) {
			Chart *invalidChart = invalidCharts[i];
			const Mesh *invalidMesh = invalidChart->mesh();
			const uint32_t faceCount = invalidMesh->faceCount();
			meshFaces.resize(faceCount);
			float invalidChartArea = 0.0f;
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < faceCount; j++) {
				meshFaces[j] = invalidChart->mapFaceToSourceFace(j);
				invalidChartArea += invalidMesh->faceArea(j);
			}
			ChartOptions options = m_chartOptions;
			options.maxChartArea = invalidChartArea * 0.2f;
			options.maxThreshold = 0.25f;
			options.maxIterations = 3;
			AtlasBuilder builder(m_mesh, &meshFaces, options);
			runAtlasBuilder(builder, options);
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < builder.chartCount(); j++) {
				Chart *chart = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, Chart, m_mesh, builder.chartFaces(j), builder.chartBasis(j), m_sourceId, m_id, m_chartArray.size());
				m_chartArray.push_back(chart);
				m_paramAddedChartsCount++;
			}
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_RECOMPUTED_CHARTS
			char filename[256];
			XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_mesh_%03u_chartgroup_%03u_recomputed_chart_%u.obj", m_sourceId, m_id, i);
			FILE *file;
			XA_FOPEN(file, filename, "w");
			if (file) {
				m_mesh->writeObjVertices(file);
				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < builder.chartCount(); j++) {
					fprintf(file, "o chart_%04d\n", j);
					fprintf(file, "s off\n");
					const Array<uint32_t> &faces = builder.chartFaces(j);
					for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faces.size(); f++)
						m_mesh->writeObjFace(file, faces[f]);
				}
				fclose(file);
			}
#endif
		}
		// Parameterize the new charts.
		taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(m_chartArray.size() - chartCount);
		taskArgs.resize(m_chartArray.size() - chartCount);
		for (uint32_t i = chartCount; i < m_chartArray.size(); i++) {
			ParameterizeChartTaskArgs &args = taskArgs[i - chartCount];
			args.chart = m_chartArray[i];
			args.func = func;
			Task task;
			task.userData = &args;
			task.func = runParameterizeChartTask;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
		// Remove and delete the invalid charts.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < invalidCharts.size(); i++) {
			Chart *chart = invalidCharts[i];
			removeChart(chart);
			chart->~Chart();
			XA_FREE(chart);
			m_paramDeletedChartsCount++;
		}
#endif
	}

private:
	void runAtlasBuilder(AtlasBuilder &builder, const ChartOptions &options)
	{
		if (builder.facesLeft() == 0)
			return;
		// This seems a reasonable estimate.
		XA_PROFILE_START(atlasBuilderCreateInitialCharts)
		// Create initial charts greedely.
		builder.placeSeeds(options.maxThreshold * 0.5f);
		if (options.maxIterations == 0) {
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(builder.facesLeft() == 0);
			XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilderCreateInitialCharts)
			return;
		}
		builder.updateProxies();
		builder.relocateSeeds();
		builder.resetCharts();
		XA_PROFILE_END(atlasBuilderCreateInitialCharts)
		// Restart process growing charts in parallel.
		uint32_t iteration = 0;
		while (true) {
			if (!builder.growCharts(options.maxThreshold, options.growFaceCount)) {
				// If charts cannot grow more: fill holes, merge charts, relocate seeds and start new iteration.
				builder.fillHoles(options.maxThreshold * 0.5f);
				builder.updateProxies();
#if XA_MERGE_CHARTS
				builder.mergeCharts();
#endif
				if (++iteration == options.maxIterations)
					break;
				if (!builder.relocateSeeds())
					break;
				builder.resetCharts();
			}
		}
		// Make sure no holes are left!
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(builder.facesLeft() == 0);
	}

	void removeChart(const Chart *chart)
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartArray.size(); i++) {
			if (m_chartArray[i] == chart) {
				m_chartArray.removeAt(i);
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	uint32_t m_sourceId, m_id;
	bool m_isVertexMap;
	Mesh *m_mesh;
	Array<uint32_t> m_faceToSourceFaceMap; // List of faces of the source mesh that belong to this chart group.
	Array<uint32_t> m_vertexToSourceVertexMap; // Map vertices of the mesh to vertices of the source mesh.
	Array<Chart *> m_chartArray;
	ChartOptions m_chartOptions;
	uint32_t m_paramAddedChartsCount; // Number of new charts added by recomputing charts with invalid parameterizations.
	uint32_t m_paramDeletedChartsCount; // Number of charts with invalid parameterizations that were deleted, after charts were recomputed.
};

struct CreateChartGroupTaskArgs
{
	uint32_t faceGroup;
	uint32_t groupId;
	const Mesh *mesh;
	ChartGroup **chartGroup;
};

static void runCreateChartGroupTask(void *userData)
{
	XA_PROFILE_START(addMeshCreateChartGroupsThread)
	auto args = (CreateChartGroupTaskArgs *)userData;
	*(args->chartGroup) = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, ChartGroup, args->groupId, args->mesh, args->faceGroup);
	XA_PROFILE_END(addMeshCreateChartGroupsThread)
}

struct ComputeChartsTaskArgs
{
	TaskScheduler *taskScheduler;
	ChartGroup *chartGroup;
	const ChartOptions *options;
	Progress *progress;
};

static void runComputeChartsJob(void *userData)
{
	auto args = (ComputeChartsTaskArgs *)userData;
	if (args->progress->cancel)
		return;
	XA_PROFILE_START(computeChartsThread)
	args->chartGroup->computeCharts(args->taskScheduler, *args->options);
	XA_PROFILE_END(computeChartsThread)
	args->progress->value++;
	args->progress->update();
}

struct ParameterizeChartsTaskArgs
{
	TaskScheduler *taskScheduler;
	ChartGroup *chartGroup;
	ParameterizeFunc func;
	Progress *progress;
};

static void runParameterizeChartsJob(void *userData)
{
	auto args = (ParameterizeChartsTaskArgs *)userData;
	if (args->progress->cancel)
		return;
	XA_PROFILE_START(parameterizeChartsThread)
	args->chartGroup->parameterizeCharts(args->taskScheduler, args->func);
	XA_PROFILE_END(parameterizeChartsThread)
	args->progress->value++;
	args->progress->update();
}

/// An atlas is a set of chart groups.
class Atlas
{
public:
	Atlas() : m_chartsComputed(false), m_chartsParameterized(false) {}

	~Atlas()
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++) {
			m_chartGroups[i]->~ChartGroup();
			XA_FREE(m_chartGroups[i]);
		}
	}

	bool chartsComputed() const { return m_chartsComputed; }
	bool chartsParameterized() const { return m_chartsParameterized; }

	uint32_t chartGroupCount(uint32_t mesh) const
	{
		uint32_t count = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++) {
			if (m_chartGroupSourceMeshes[i] == mesh)
				count++;
		}
		return count;
	}

	const ChartGroup *chartGroupAt(uint32_t mesh, uint32_t group) const
	{
		for (uint32_t c = 0; c < m_chartGroups.size(); c++) {
			if (m_chartGroupSourceMeshes[c] != mesh)
				continue;
			if (group == 0)
				return m_chartGroups[c];
			group--;
		}
		return nullptr;
	}

	uint32_t chartCount() const
	{
		uint32_t count = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++)
			count += m_chartGroups[i]->chartCount();
		return count;
	}

	Chart *chartAt(uint32_t i)
	{
		for (uint32_t c = 0; c < m_chartGroups.size(); c++) {
			uint32_t count = m_chartGroups[c]->chartCount();
			if (i < count) {
				return m_chartGroups[c]->chartAt(i);
			}
			i -= count;
		}
		return nullptr;
	}

	// This function is thread safe.
	void addMesh(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, const Mesh *mesh)
	{
		// Get list of face groups.
		const uint32_t faceCount = mesh->faceCount();
		Array<uint32_t> faceGroups;
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			const uint32_t group = mesh->faceGroupAt(f);
			bool exists = false;
			for (uint32_t g = 0; g < faceGroups.size(); g++) {
				if (faceGroups[g] == group) {
					exists = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (!exists)
				faceGroups.push_back(group);
		}
		// Create one chart group per face group.
		// Chart group creation is slow since it copies a chunk of the source mesh, so use tasks.
		Array<ChartGroup *> chartGroups;
		chartGroups.resize(faceGroups.size());
		Array<CreateChartGroupTaskArgs> taskArgs;
		taskArgs.resize(chartGroups.size());
		for (uint32_t g = 0; g < chartGroups.size(); g++) {
			CreateChartGroupTaskArgs &args = taskArgs[g];
			args.chartGroup = &chartGroups[g];
			args.faceGroup = faceGroups[g];
			args.groupId = g;
			args.mesh = mesh;
		}
		TaskGroupHandle taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(chartGroups.size());
		for (uint32_t g = 0; g < chartGroups.size(); g++) {
			Task task;
			task.userData = &taskArgs[g];
			task.func = runCreateChartGroupTask;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
		// Thread-safe append.
		m_addMeshMutex.lock();
		for (uint32_t g = 0; g < chartGroups.size(); g++) {
			m_chartGroups.push_back(chartGroups[g]);
			m_chartGroupSourceMeshes.push_back(mesh->id());
		}
		m_addMeshMutex.unlock();
	}

	bool computeCharts(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, const ChartOptions &options, ProgressFunc progressFunc, void *progressUserData)
	{
		m_chartsComputed = false;
		m_chartsParameterized = false;
		// Ignore vertex maps.
		uint32_t chartGroupCount = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++) {
			if (!m_chartGroups[i]->isVertexMap())
				chartGroupCount++;
		}
		Progress progress(ProgressCategory::ComputeCharts, progressFunc, progressUserData, chartGroupCount);
		Array<ComputeChartsTaskArgs> taskArgs;
		taskArgs.reserve(chartGroupCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++) {
			if (!m_chartGroups[i]->isVertexMap()) {
				ComputeChartsTaskArgs args;
				args.taskScheduler = taskScheduler;
				args.chartGroup = m_chartGroups[i];
				args.options = &options;
				args.progress = &progress;
				taskArgs.push_back(args);
			}
		}
		// Sort chart groups by mesh indexCount.
		m_chartGroupsRadix = RadixSort();
		Array<float> chartGroupSortData;
		chartGroupSortData.resize(chartGroupCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartGroupCount; i++)
			chartGroupSortData[i] = (float)taskArgs[i].chartGroup->mesh()->indexCount();
		m_chartGroupsRadix.sort(chartGroupSortData);
		// Larger chart group meshes are added first to reduce the chance of thread starvation.
		TaskGroupHandle taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(chartGroupCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartGroupCount; i++) {
			Task task;
			task.userData = &taskArgs[m_chartGroupsRadix.ranks()[chartGroupCount - i - 1]];
			task.func = runComputeChartsJob;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
		if (progress.cancel)
			return false;
		m_chartsComputed = true;
		return true;
	}

	bool parameterizeCharts(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, ParameterizeFunc func, ProgressFunc progressFunc, void *progressUserData)
	{
		m_chartsParameterized = false;
		// Ignore vertex maps.
		uint32_t chartGroupCount = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++) {
			if (!m_chartGroups[i]->isVertexMap())
				chartGroupCount++;
		}
		Progress progress(ProgressCategory::ParameterizeCharts, progressFunc, progressUserData, chartGroupCount);
		Array<ParameterizeChartsTaskArgs> taskArgs;
		taskArgs.reserve(chartGroupCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_chartGroups.size(); i++) {
			if (!m_chartGroups[i]->isVertexMap()) {
				ParameterizeChartsTaskArgs args;
				args.taskScheduler = taskScheduler;
				args.chartGroup = m_chartGroups[i];
				args.func = func;
				args.progress = &progress;
				taskArgs.push_back(args);
			}
		}
		// Larger chart group meshes are added first to reduce the chance of thread starvation.
		TaskGroupHandle taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(chartGroupCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartGroupCount; i++) {
			Task task;
			task.userData = &taskArgs[m_chartGroupsRadix.ranks()[chartGroupCount - i - 1]];
			task.func = runParameterizeChartsJob;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
		if (progress.cancel)
			return false;
		// Save original texcoords so PackCharts can be called multiple times (packing overwrites the texcoords).
		const uint32_t nCharts = chartCount();
		m_originalChartTexcoords.resize(nCharts);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nCharts; i++) {
			const Mesh *mesh = chartAt(i)->mesh();
			m_originalChartTexcoords[i].resize(mesh->vertexCount());
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < mesh->vertexCount(); j++)
				m_originalChartTexcoords[i][j] = mesh->texcoord(j);
		}
		m_chartsParameterized = true;
		return true;
	}

	void restoreOriginalChartTexcoords()
	{
		const uint32_t nCharts = chartCount();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nCharts; i++) {
			Mesh *mesh = chartAt(i)->mesh();
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < mesh->vertexCount(); j++)
				mesh->texcoord(j) = m_originalChartTexcoords[i][j];
		}
	}

private:
	std::mutex m_addMeshMutex;
	bool m_chartsComputed;
	bool m_chartsParameterized;
	Array<ChartGroup *> m_chartGroups;
	RadixSort m_chartGroupsRadix; // By mesh indexCount.
	Array<uint32_t> m_chartGroupSourceMeshes;
	Array<Array<Vector2> > m_originalChartTexcoords;
};

} // namespace param

namespace pack {

#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_ATLAS_IMAGES
const uint8_t TGA_TYPE_RGB = 2;
const uint8_t TGA_ORIGIN_UPPER = 0x20;

#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct TgaHeader
{
	uint8_t id_length;
	uint8_t colormap_type;
	uint8_t image_type;
	uint16_t colormap_index;
	uint16_t colormap_length;
	uint8_t colormap_size;
	uint16_t x_origin;
	uint16_t y_origin;
	uint16_t width;
	uint16_t height;
	uint8_t pixel_size;
	uint8_t flags;
	enum { Size = 18 };
};
#pragma pack(pop)

static void WriteTga(const char *filename, const uint8_t *data, uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(sizeof(TgaHeader) == TgaHeader::Size);
	FILE *f;
	XA_FOPEN(f, filename, "wb");
	if (!f)
		return;
	TgaHeader tga;
	tga.id_length = 0;
	tga.colormap_type = 0;
	tga.image_type = TGA_TYPE_RGB;
	tga.colormap_index = 0;
	tga.colormap_length = 0;
	tga.colormap_size = 0;
	tga.x_origin = 0;
	tga.y_origin = 0;
	tga.width = (uint16_t)width;
	tga.height = (uint16_t)height;
	tga.pixel_size = 24;
	tga.flags = TGA_ORIGIN_UPPER;
	fwrite(&tga, sizeof(TgaHeader), 1, f);
	fwrite(data, sizeof(uint8_t), width * height * 3, f);
	fclose(f);
}
#endif

class AtlasImage
{
public:
	AtlasImage(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) : m_width(width), m_height(height)
	{
		m_data.resize(m_width * m_height);
		memset(m_data.data(), 0, sizeof(uint32_t) * m_data.size());
	}

	void resize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height)
	{
		Array<uint32_t> data;
		data.resize(width * height);
		memset(data.data(), 0, sizeof(uint32_t) * data.size());
		for (uint32_t y = 0; y < min(m_height, height); y++)
			memcpy(&data[y * width], &m_data[y * m_width], min(m_width, width) * sizeof(uint32_t));
		m_width = width;
		m_height = height;
		swap(m_data, data);
	}

	void addChart(uint32_t chartIndex, const BitImage *image, bool imageHasPadding, int atlas_w, int atlas_h, int offset_x, int offset_y)
	{
		const int w = image->width();
		const int h = image->height();
		for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
			const int yy = y + offset_y;
			if (yy < 0)
				continue;
			for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
				const int xx = x + offset_x;
				if (xx >= 0 && xx < atlas_w && yy < atlas_h && image->bitAt(x, y)) {
					const uint32_t dataOffset = xx + yy * m_width;
					if (m_data[dataOffset] != 0)
						continue;
					uint32_t value = chartIndex | kImageHasChartIndexBit;
					if (imageHasPadding)
						value |= kImageIsPaddingBit;
					m_data[dataOffset] = value;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	void copyTo(uint32_t *dest, uint32_t destWidth, uint32_t destHeight) const
	{
		for (uint32_t y = 0; y < destHeight; y++)
			memcpy(&dest[y * destWidth], &m_data[y * m_width], destWidth * sizeof(uint32_t));
	}

#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_ATLAS_IMAGES
	void writeTga(const char *filename, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) const
	{
		Array<uint8_t> image;
		image.resize(width * height * 3);
		for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; y++) {
			if (y >= m_height)
				continue;
			for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; x++) {
				if (x >= m_width)
					continue;
				const uint32_t data = m_data[x + y * m_width];
				if (!(data & kImageHasChartIndexBit))
					continue;
				const uint32_t chartIndex = data & kImageChartIndexMask;
				uint8_t *color = &image[(x + y * width) * 3];
				if (data & kImageIsPaddingBit) {
					color[0] = 255;
					color[1] = 0;
					color[2] = 255;
				} else {
					const int mix = 192;
					srand((unsigned int)chartIndex);
					color[0] = uint8_t((rand() % 255 + mix) * 0.5f);
					color[1] = uint8_t((rand() % 255 + mix) * 0.5f);
					color[2] = uint8_t((rand() % 255 + mix) * 0.5f);
				}
			}
		}
		WriteTga(filename, image.data(), width, height);
	}
#endif

private:
	uint32_t m_width, m_height;
	Array<uint32_t> m_data;
};

struct Chart
{
	int32_t atlasIndex;
	uint32_t material;
	uint32_t indexCount;
	const uint32_t *indices;
	float parametricArea;
	float surfaceArea;
	Vector2 *vertices;
	uint32_t vertexCount;
	Array<uint32_t> uniqueVertices;
	bool allowRotate;
	// bounding box
	Vector2 majorAxis, minorAxis, minCorner, maxCorner;

	Vector2 &uniqueVertexAt(uint32_t v) { return uniqueVertices.isEmpty() ? vertices[v] : vertices[uniqueVertices[v]]; }
	uint32_t uniqueVertexCount() const { return uniqueVertices.isEmpty() ? vertexCount : uniqueVertices.size(); }
};

struct FindChartLocationBruteForceTaskArgs
{
	std::atomic<bool> *finished; // One of the tasks found a location that doesn't expand the atlas.
	Vector2i startPosition;
	const BitImage *atlasBitImage;
	const BitImage *chartBitImage;
	const BitImage *chartBitImageRotated;
	int w, h;
	bool blockAligned, resizableAtlas, allowRotate;
	// out
	bool best_insideAtlas;
	int best_metric, best_x, best_y, best_w, best_h, best_r;
};

static void runFindChartLocationBruteForceTask(void *userData)
{
	XA_PROFILE_START(packChartsFindLocationThread)
	auto args = (FindChartLocationBruteForceTaskArgs *)userData;
	args->best_metric = INT_MAX;
	if (args->finished->load())
		return;
	// Try two different orientations.
	for (int r = 0; r < 2; r++) {
		int cw = args->chartBitImage->width();
		int ch = args->chartBitImage->height();
		if (r == 1) {
			if (args->allowRotate)
				swap(cw, ch);
			else
				break;
		}
		const int y = args->startPosition.y;
		const int stepSize = args->blockAligned ? 4 : 1;
		for (int x = args->startPosition.x; x <= args->w + stepSize; x += stepSize) { // + 1 not really necessary here.
			if (!args->resizableAtlas && (x > (int)args->atlasBitImage->width() - cw || y > (int)args->atlasBitImage->height() - ch))
				continue;
			if (args->finished->load())
				break;
			// Early out if metric not better.
			const int area = max(args->w, x + cw) * max(args->h, y + ch);
			const int extents = max(max(args->w, x + cw), max(args->h, y + ch));
			const int metric = extents * extents + area;
			if (metric > args->best_metric)
				continue;
			// If metric is the same, pick the one closest to the origin.
			if (metric == args->best_metric && max(x, y) >= max(args->best_x, args->best_y))
				continue;
			if (!args->atlasBitImage->canBlit(r == 1 ? *(args->chartBitImageRotated) : *(args->chartBitImage), x, y))
				continue;
			args->best_metric = metric;
			args->best_insideAtlas = area == args->w * args->h;
			args->best_x = x;
			args->best_y = y;
			args->best_w = cw;
			args->best_h = ch;
			args->best_r = r;
			if (args->best_insideAtlas) {
				args->finished->store(true);
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	XA_PROFILE_END(packChartsFindLocationThread)
}

struct Atlas
{
	~Atlas()
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_bitImages.size(); i++) {
			m_bitImages[i]->~BitImage();
			XA_FREE(m_bitImages[i]);
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_charts.size(); i++) {
			m_charts[i]->~Chart();
			XA_FREE(m_charts[i]);
		}
	}

	uint32_t getWidth() const { return m_width; }
	uint32_t getHeight() const { return m_height; }
	uint32_t getNumAtlases() const { return m_bitImages.size(); }
	float getTexelsPerUnit() const { return m_texelsPerUnit; }
	const Chart *getChart(uint32_t index) const { return m_charts[index]; }
	uint32_t getChartCount() const { return m_charts.size(); }
	const Array<AtlasImage *> &getImages() const { return m_atlasImages; }
	float getUtilization(uint32_t atlas) const { return m_utilization[atlas]; }

	void addChart(param::Chart *paramChart)
	{
		Mesh *mesh = paramChart->mesh();
		Chart *chart = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, Chart);
		chart->atlasIndex = -1;
		chart->material = 0;
		chart->indexCount = mesh->indexCount();
		chart->indices = mesh->indices();
		chart->parametricArea = paramChart->computeParametricArea();
		if (chart->parametricArea < kAreaEpsilon) {
			// When the parametric area is too small we use a rough approximation to prevent divisions by very small numbers.
			const Vector2 bounds = paramChart->computeParametricBounds();
			chart->parametricArea = bounds.x * bounds.y;
		}
		chart->surfaceArea = paramChart->computeSurfaceArea();
		chart->vertices = mesh->texcoords();
		chart->vertexCount = mesh->vertexCount();
		chart->allowRotate = true;
		// Compute list of boundary vertices.
		Array<Vector2> boundary;
		boundary.reserve(16);
		for (uint32_t v = 0; v < chart->vertexCount; v++) {
			if (mesh->isBoundaryVertex(v))
				boundary.push_back(mesh->texcoord(v));
		}
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(boundary.size() > 0);
		// Compute bounding box of chart.
		m_boundingBox.compute(boundary.data(), boundary.size(), mesh->texcoords(), mesh->vertexCount());
		chart->majorAxis = m_boundingBox.majorAxis();
		chart->minorAxis = m_boundingBox.minorAxis();
		chart->minCorner = m_boundingBox.minCorner();
		chart->maxCorner = m_boundingBox.maxCorner();
		m_charts.push_back(chart);
	}

	void addUvMeshCharts(UvMeshInstance *mesh)
	{
		BitArray vertexUsed(mesh->texcoords.size());
		Array<Vector2> boundary;
		boundary.reserve(16);
		for (uint32_t c = 0; c < mesh->mesh->charts.size(); c++) {
			UvMeshChart *uvChart = mesh->mesh->charts[c];
			Chart *chart = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, Chart);
			chart->atlasIndex = -1;
			chart->material = uvChart->material;
			chart->indexCount = uvChart->indices.size();
			chart->indices = uvChart->indices.data();
			chart->vertices = mesh->texcoords.data();
			chart->vertexCount = mesh->texcoords.size();
			chart->allowRotate = mesh->rotateCharts;
			// Find unique vertices.
			vertexUsed.clearAll();
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart->indexCount; i++) {
				const uint32_t vertex = chart->indices[i];
				if (!vertexUsed.bitAt(vertex)) {
					vertexUsed.setBitAt(vertex);
					chart->uniqueVertices.push_back(vertex);
				}
			}
			// Compute parametric and surface areas.
			chart->parametricArea = 0.0f;
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < chart->indexCount / 3; f++) {
				const Vector2 &v1 = chart->vertices[chart->indices[f * 3 + 0]];
				const Vector2 &v2 = chart->vertices[chart->indices[f * 3 + 1]];
				const Vector2 &v3 = chart->vertices[chart->indices[f * 3 + 2]];
				chart->parametricArea += fabsf(triangleArea(v1, v2, v3));
			}
			chart->parametricArea *= 0.5f;
			chart->surfaceArea = chart->parametricArea; // Identical for UV meshes.
			if (chart->parametricArea < kAreaEpsilon) {
				// When the parametric area is too small we use a rough approximation to prevent divisions by very small numbers.
				Vector2 minCorner(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
				Vector2 maxCorner(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
				for (uint32_t v = 0; v < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); v++) {
					minCorner = min(minCorner, chart->uniqueVertexAt(v));
					maxCorner = max(maxCorner, chart->uniqueVertexAt(v));
				}
				const Vector2 bounds = (maxCorner - minCorner) * 0.5f;
				chart->parametricArea = bounds.x * bounds.y;
			}
			// Compute list of boundary vertices.
			// Using all unique vertices for simplicity, can compute real boundaries if this is too slow.
			boundary.clear();
			for (uint32_t v = 0; v < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); v++)
				boundary.push_back(chart->uniqueVertexAt(v));
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(boundary.size() > 0);
			// Compute bounding box of chart.
			m_boundingBox.compute(boundary.data(), boundary.size(), boundary.data(), boundary.size());
			chart->majorAxis = m_boundingBox.majorAxis();
			chart->minorAxis = m_boundingBox.minorAxis();
			chart->minCorner = m_boundingBox.minCorner();
			chart->maxCorner = m_boundingBox.maxCorner();
			m_charts.push_back(chart);
		}
	}

	// Pack charts in the smallest possible rectangle.
	bool packCharts(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, const PackOptions &options, ProgressFunc progressFunc, void *progressUserData)
	{
		if (progressFunc) {
			if (!progressFunc(ProgressCategory::PackCharts, 0, progressUserData))
				return false;
		}
		const uint32_t chartCount = m_charts.size();
		XA_PRINT("Packing %u charts\n", chartCount);
		if (chartCount == 0) {
			if (progressFunc) {
				if (!progressFunc(ProgressCategory::PackCharts, 100, progressUserData))
					return false;
			}
			return true;
		}
		uint32_t resolution = options.resolution;
		m_texelsPerUnit = options.texelsPerUnit;
		if (resolution <= 0 || m_texelsPerUnit <= 0) {
			if (resolution <= 0 && m_texelsPerUnit <= 0)
				resolution = 1024;
			float meshArea = 0;
			for (uint32_t c = 0; c < chartCount; c++)
				meshArea += m_charts[c]->surfaceArea;
			if (resolution <= 0) {
				// Estimate resolution based on the mesh surface area and given texel scale.
				const float texelCount = max(1.0f, meshArea * square(m_texelsPerUnit) / 0.75f); // Assume 75% utilization.
				resolution = max(1u, nextPowerOfTwo(uint32_t(sqrtf(texelCount))));
			}
			if (m_texelsPerUnit <= 0) {
				// Estimate a suitable texelsPerUnit to fit the given resolution.
				const float texelCount = max(1.0f, meshArea / 0.75f); // Assume 75% utilization.
				m_texelsPerUnit = sqrtf((resolution * resolution) / texelCount);
				XA_PRINT("   Estimating texelsPerUnit as %g\n", m_texelsPerUnit);
			}
		}
		Array<float> chartOrderArray;
		chartOrderArray.resize(chartCount);
		Array<Vector2> chartExtents;
		chartExtents.resize(chartCount);
		float minChartPerimeter = FLT_MAX, maxChartPerimeter = 0.0f;
		for (uint32_t c = 0; c < chartCount; c++) {
			Chart *chart = m_charts[c];
			//chartOrderArray[c] = chart.surfaceArea;
			// Compute chart scale
			float scale = (chart->surfaceArea / chart->parametricArea) * m_texelsPerUnit;
			if (chart->parametricArea == 0) { // < kAreaEpsilon)
				scale = 0;
			}
			XA_ASSERT(isFinite(scale));
			// Sort charts by perimeter. @@ This is sometimes producing somewhat unexpected results. Is this right?
			//chartOrderArray[c] = ((chart->maxCorner.x - chart->minCorner.x) + (chart->maxCorner.y - chart->minCorner.y)) * scale;
			// Translate, rotate and scale vertices. Compute extents.
			Vector2 minCorner(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
			if (!chart->allowRotate) {
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); i++)
					minCorner = min(minCorner, chart->uniqueVertexAt(i));
			}
			Vector2 extents(0.0f);
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); i++) {
				Vector2 &texcoord = chart->uniqueVertexAt(i);
				if (chart->allowRotate) {
					const float x = dot(texcoord, chart->majorAxis);
					const float y = dot(texcoord, chart->minorAxis);
					texcoord.x = x;
					texcoord.y = y;
					texcoord -= chart->minCorner;
				} else {
					texcoord -= minCorner;
				}
				texcoord *= scale;
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(texcoord.x >= 0 && texcoord.y >= 0);
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(isFinite(texcoord.x) && isFinite(texcoord.y));
				extents = max(extents, texcoord);
			}
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(extents.x >= 0 && extents.y >= 0);
			// Limit chart size.
			const float maxChartSize = (float)options.maxChartSize;
			if (extents.x > maxChartSize || extents.y > maxChartSize) {
				const float limit = max(extents.x, extents.y);
				scale = maxChartSize / (limit + 1.0f);
				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); i++)
					chart->uniqueVertexAt(i) *= scale;
				extents *= scale;
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(extents.x <= maxChartSize && extents.y <= maxChartSize);
			}
			// Scale the charts to use the entire texel area available. So, if the width is 0.1 we could scale it to 1 without increasing the lightmap usage and making a better
			// use of it. In many cases this also improves the look of the seams, since vertices on the chart boundaries have more chances of being aligned with the texel centers.
			float scale_x = 1.0f;
			float scale_y = 1.0f;
			float divide_x = 1.0f;
			float divide_y = 1.0f;
			if (extents.x > 0) {
				int cw = ftoi_ceil(extents.x);
				if (options.blockAlign) {
					// Align all chart extents to 4x4 blocks, but taking padding into account.
					cw = align(cw + 2, 4) - 2;
				}
				scale_x = (float(cw) - kEpsilon);
				divide_x = extents.x;
				extents.x = float(cw);
			}
			if (extents.y > 0) {
				int ch = ftoi_ceil(extents.y);
				if (options.blockAlign) {
					// Align all chart extents to 4x4 blocks, but taking padding into account.
					ch = align(ch + 2, 4) - 2;
				}
				scale_y = (float(ch) - kEpsilon);
				divide_y = extents.y;
				extents.y = float(ch);
			}
			for (uint32_t v = 0; v < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); v++) {
				Vector2 &texcoord = chart->uniqueVertexAt(v);
				texcoord.x /= divide_x;
				texcoord.y /= divide_y;
				texcoord.x *= scale_x;
				texcoord.y *= scale_y;
				XA_ASSERT(isFinite(texcoord.x) && isFinite(texcoord.y));
			}
			chartExtents[c] = extents;
			// Sort charts by perimeter.
			chartOrderArray[c] = extents.x + extents.y;
			minChartPerimeter = min(minChartPerimeter, chartOrderArray[c]);
			maxChartPerimeter = max(maxChartPerimeter, chartOrderArray[c]);
		}
		// Sort charts by perimeter.
		m_radix = RadixSort();
		m_radix.sort(chartOrderArray);
		const uint32_t *ranks = m_radix.ranks();
		// Divide chart perimeter range into buckets.
		const float chartPerimeterBucketSize = (maxChartPerimeter - minChartPerimeter) / 16.0f;
		uint32_t currentChartBucket = 0;
		Array<Vector2i> chartStartPositions; // per atlas
		chartStartPositions.push_back(Vector2i(0, 0));
		// Pack sorted charts.
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_ATLAS_IMAGES
		const bool createImage = true;
#else
		const bool createImage = options.createImage;
#endif
		BitImage chartBitImage, chartBitImageRotated;
		int atlasWidth = 0, atlasHeight = 0;
		const bool resizableAtlas = !(options.resolution > 0 && options.texelsPerUnit > 0.0f);
		int progress = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartCount; i++) {
			uint32_t c = ranks[chartCount - i - 1]; // largest chart first
			Chart *chart = m_charts[c];
			// @@ Add special cases for dot and line charts. @@ Lightmap rasterizer also needs to handle these special cases.
			// @@ We could also have a special case for chart quads. If the quad surface <= 4 texels, align vertices with texel centers and do not add padding. May be very useful for foliage.
			// @@ In general we could reduce the padding of all charts by one texel by using a rasterizer that takes into account the 2-texel footprint of the tent bilinear filter. For example,
			// if we have a chart that is less than 1 texel wide currently we add one texel to the left and one texel to the right creating a 3-texel-wide bitImage. However, if we know that the
			// chart is only 1 texel wide we could align it so that it only touches the footprint of two texels:
			//      |   |      <- Touches texels 0, 1 and 2.
			//    |   |        <- Only touches texels 0 and 1.
			// \   \ / \ /   /
			//  \   X   X   /
			//   \ / \ / \ /
			//    V   V   V
			//    0   1   2
			XA_PROFILE_START(packChartsRasterize)
			// Leave room for padding.
			chartBitImage.resize(ftoi_ceil(chartExtents[c].x) + 1 + options.padding * 2, ftoi_ceil(chartExtents[c].y) + 1 + options.padding * 2, true);
			if (chart->allowRotate)
				chartBitImageRotated.resize(chartBitImage.height(), chartBitImage.width(), true);
			// Rasterize chart faces.
			const uint32_t faceCount = chart->indexCount / 3;
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
				// Offset vertices by padding.
				Vector2 vertices[3];
				for (uint32_t v = 0; v < 3; v++)
					vertices[v] = chart->vertices[chart->indices[f * 3 + v]] + Vector2(0.5f) + Vector2(float(options.padding));
				DrawTriangleCallbackArgs args;
				args.chartBitImage = &chartBitImage;
				args.chartBitImageRotated = chart->allowRotate ? &chartBitImageRotated : nullptr;
				raster::drawTriangle(Vector2((float)chartBitImage.width(), (float)chartBitImage.height()), vertices, drawTriangleCallback, &args);
			}
			// Expand chart by padding pixels. (dilation)
			BitImage chartBitImageNoPadding(chartBitImage), chartBitImageNoPaddingRotated(chartBitImageRotated);
			if (options.padding > 0) {
				XA_PROFILE_START(packChartsDilate)
				chartBitImage.dilate(options.padding);
				if (chart->allowRotate)
					chartBitImageRotated.dilate(options.padding);
				XA_PROFILE_END(packChartsDilate)
			}
			XA_PROFILE_END(packChartsRasterize)
			// Update brute force bucketing.
			if (options.bruteForce) {
				if (chartOrderArray[c] > minChartPerimeter && chartOrderArray[c] <= maxChartPerimeter - (chartPerimeterBucketSize * (currentChartBucket + 1))) {
					// Moved to a smaller bucket, reset start location.
					for (uint32_t j = 0; j < chartStartPositions.size(); j++)
						chartStartPositions[j] = Vector2i(0, 0);
					currentChartBucket++;
				}
			}
			// Find a location to place the chart in the atlas.
			uint32_t currentAtlas = 0;
			int best_x = 0, best_y = 0;
			int best_cw = 0, best_ch = 0;
			int best_r = 0;
			for (;;)
			{
				bool firstChartInBitImage = false;
				if (currentAtlas + 1 > m_bitImages.size()) {
					// Chart doesn't fit in the current bitImage, create a new one.
					BitImage *bi = XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, BitImage);
					bi->resize(resolution, resolution, true);
					m_bitImages.push_back(bi);
					firstChartInBitImage = true;
					if (createImage)
						m_atlasImages.push_back(XA_NEW(MemTag::Default, AtlasImage, resolution, resolution));
					// Start positions are per-atlas, so create a new one of those too.
					chartStartPositions.push_back(Vector2i(0, 0));
				}
				XA_PROFILE_START(packChartsFindLocation)
				const bool foundLocation = findChartLocation(taskScheduler, chartStartPositions[currentAtlas], options.bruteForce, m_bitImages[currentAtlas], &chartBitImage, &chartBitImageRotated, atlasWidth, atlasHeight, &best_x, &best_y, &best_cw, &best_ch, &best_r, options.blockAlign, resizableAtlas, chart->allowRotate);
				XA_PROFILE_END(packChartsFindLocation)
				if (firstChartInBitImage && !foundLocation) {
					// Chart doesn't fit in an empty, newly allocated bitImage. texelsPerUnit must be too large for the resolution.
					XA_ASSERT(true && "chart doesn't fit");
					break;
				}
				if (resizableAtlas) {
					XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(foundLocation);
					break;
				}
				if (foundLocation)
					break;
				// Chart doesn't fit in the current bitImage, try the next one.
				currentAtlas++;
			}
			// Update brute force start location.
			if (options.bruteForce) {
				// Reset start location if the chart expanded the atlas.
				if (best_x + best_cw > atlasWidth || best_y + best_ch > atlasHeight) {
					for (uint32_t j = 0; j < chartStartPositions.size(); j++)
						chartStartPositions[j] = Vector2i(0, 0);
				}
				else {
					chartStartPositions[currentAtlas] = Vector2i(best_x, best_y);
				}
			}
			// Update parametric extents.
			atlasWidth = max(atlasWidth, best_x + best_cw);
			atlasHeight = max(atlasHeight, best_y + best_ch);
			if (resizableAtlas) {
				// Resize bitImage if necessary.
				if (uint32_t(atlasWidth) > m_bitImages[0]->width() || uint32_t(atlasHeight) > m_bitImages[0]->height()) {
					m_bitImages[0]->resize(nextPowerOfTwo(uint32_t(atlasWidth)), nextPowerOfTwo(uint32_t(atlasHeight)), false);
					if (createImage)
						m_atlasImages[0]->resize(m_bitImages[0]->width(), m_bitImages[0]->height());
				}
			} else {
				atlasWidth = min((int)options.resolution, atlasWidth);
				atlasHeight = min((int)options.resolution, atlasHeight);
			}
			XA_PROFILE_START(packChartsBlit)
			addChart(m_bitImages[currentAtlas], &chartBitImage, &chartBitImageRotated, atlasWidth, atlasHeight, best_x, best_y, best_r);
			XA_PROFILE_END(packChartsBlit)
			if (createImage) {
				m_atlasImages[currentAtlas]->addChart(c, best_r == 0 ? &chartBitImageNoPadding : &chartBitImageNoPaddingRotated, false, atlasWidth, atlasHeight, best_x, best_y);
				m_atlasImages[currentAtlas]->addChart(c, best_r == 0 ? &chartBitImage : &chartBitImageRotated, true, atlasWidth, atlasHeight, best_x, best_y);
			}
			chart->atlasIndex = (int32_t)currentAtlas;
			// Translate and rotate chart texture coordinates.
			for (uint32_t v = 0; v < chart->uniqueVertexCount(); v++) {
				Vector2 &texcoord = chart->uniqueVertexAt(v);
				Vector2 t = texcoord;
				if (best_r) {
					XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(chart->allowRotate);
					swap(t.x, t.y);
				}
				texcoord.x = best_x + t.x + 0.5f;
				texcoord.y = best_y + t.y + 0.5f;
				XA_ASSERT(texcoord.x >= 0 && texcoord.y >= 0);
				XA_ASSERT(isFinite(texcoord.x) && isFinite(texcoord.y));
			}
			if (progressFunc) {
				const int newProgress = int((i + 1) / (float)chartCount * 100.0f);
				if (newProgress != progress) {
					progress = newProgress;
					if (!progressFunc(ProgressCategory::PackCharts, progress, progressUserData))
						return false;
				}
			}
		}
		if (resizableAtlas) {
			m_width = max(0, atlasWidth - (int)options.padding * 2);
			m_height = max(0, atlasHeight - (int)options.padding * 2);
		} else {
			m_width = m_height = options.resolution;
		}
		XA_PRINT("   %dx%d resolution\n", m_width, m_height);
		m_utilization.resize(m_bitImages.size());
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_utilization.size(); i++) {
			uint32_t count = 0;
			for (uint32_t y = 0; y < m_height; y++) {
				for (uint32_t x = 0; x < m_width; x++)
					count += m_bitImages[i]->bitAt(x, y);
			}
			m_utilization[i] = float(count) / (m_width * m_height);
			if (m_utilization.size() > 1) {
				XA_PRINT("   %u: %f%% utilization\n", i, m_utilization[i] * 100.0f);
			}
			else {
				XA_PRINT("   %f%% utilization\n", m_utilization[i] * 100.0f);
			}
		}
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_ATLAS_IMAGES
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < m_atlasImages.size(); i++) {
			char filename[256];
			XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_atlas_image%02u.tga", i);
			m_atlasImages[i]->writeTga(filename, m_width, m_height);
		}
#endif
		if (progressFunc && progress != 100) {
			if (!progressFunc(ProgressCategory::PackCharts, 100, progressUserData))
				return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

private:
	// IC: Brute force is slow, and random may take too much time to converge. We start inserting large charts in a small atlas. Using brute force is lame, because most of the space
	// is occupied at this point. At the end we have many small charts and a large atlas with sparse holes. Finding those holes randomly is slow. A better approach would be to
	// start stacking large charts as if they were tetris pieces. Once charts get small try to place them randomly. It may be interesting to try a intermediate strategy, first try
	// along one axis and then try exhaustively along that axis.
	bool findChartLocation(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, const Vector2i &startPosition, bool bruteForce, const BitImage *atlasBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImageRotated, int w, int h, int *best_x, int *best_y, int *best_w, int *best_h, int *best_r, bool blockAligned, bool resizableAtlas, bool allowRotate)
	{
		const int attempts = 4096;
		if (bruteForce || attempts >= w * h)
			return findChartLocation_bruteForce(taskScheduler, startPosition, atlasBitImage, chartBitImage, chartBitImageRotated, w, h, best_x, best_y, best_w, best_h, best_r, blockAligned, resizableAtlas, allowRotate);
		return findChartLocation_random(atlasBitImage, chartBitImage, chartBitImageRotated, w, h, best_x, best_y, best_w, best_h, best_r, attempts, blockAligned, resizableAtlas, allowRotate);
	}

	bool findChartLocation_bruteForce(TaskScheduler *taskScheduler, const Vector2i &startPosition, const BitImage *atlasBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImageRotated, int w, int h, int *best_x, int *best_y, int *best_w, int *best_h, int *best_r, bool blockAligned, bool resizableAtlas, bool allowRotate)
	{
		const int stepSize = blockAligned ? 4 : 1;
		uint32_t taskCount = 0;
		for (int y = startPosition.y; y <= h + stepSize; y += stepSize)
			taskCount++;
		Array<FindChartLocationBruteForceTaskArgs> taskArgs;
		taskArgs.resize(taskCount);
		TaskGroupHandle taskGroup = taskScheduler->createTaskGroup(taskCount);
		std::atomic<bool> finished(false); // One of the tasks found a location that doesn't expand the atlas.
		uint32_t i = 0;
		for (int y = startPosition.y; y <= h + stepSize; y += stepSize) {
			FindChartLocationBruteForceTaskArgs &args = taskArgs[i];
			args.finished = &finished;
			args.startPosition = Vector2i(y == startPosition.y ? startPosition.x : 0, y);
			args.atlasBitImage = atlasBitImage;
			args.chartBitImage = chartBitImage;
			args.chartBitImageRotated = chartBitImageRotated;
			args.w = w;
			args.h = h;
			args.blockAligned = blockAligned;
			args.resizableAtlas = resizableAtlas;
			args.allowRotate = allowRotate;
			Task task;
			task.userData = &taskArgs[i];
			task.func = runFindChartLocationBruteForceTask;
			taskScheduler->run(taskGroup, task);
			i++;
		}
		taskScheduler->wait(&taskGroup);
		// Find the task result with the best metric.
		int best_metric = INT_MAX;
		bool best_insideAtlas = false;
		for (i = 0; i < taskCount; i++) {
			FindChartLocationBruteForceTaskArgs &args = taskArgs[i];
			if (args.best_metric > best_metric)
				continue;
			// A location that doesn't expand the atlas is always preferred.
			if (!args.best_insideAtlas && best_insideAtlas)
				continue;
			// If metric is the same, pick the one closest to the origin.
			if (args.best_insideAtlas == best_insideAtlas && args.best_metric == best_metric && max(args.best_x, args.best_y) >= max(*best_x, *best_y))
				continue;
			best_metric = args.best_metric;
			best_insideAtlas = args.best_insideAtlas;
			*best_x = args.best_x;
			*best_y = args.best_y;
			*best_w = args.best_w;
			*best_h = args.best_h;
			*best_r = args.best_r;
		}
		return best_metric != INT_MAX;
	}

	bool findChartLocation_random(const BitImage *atlasBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImageRotated, int w, int h, int *best_x, int *best_y, int *best_w, int *best_h, int *best_r, int minTrialCount, bool blockAligned, bool resizableAtlas, bool allowRotate)
	{
		bool result = false;
		const int BLOCK_SIZE = 4;
		int best_metric = INT_MAX;
		for (int i = 0; i < minTrialCount; i++) {
			int cw = chartBitImage->width();
			int ch = chartBitImage->height();
			int r = allowRotate ? m_rand.getRange(1) : 0;
			if (r == 1)
				swap(cw, ch);
			// + 1 to extend atlas in case atlas full. We may want to use a higher number to increase probability of extending atlas.
			int xRange = w + 1;
			int yRange = h + 1;
			if (!resizableAtlas) {
				xRange = min(xRange, (int)atlasBitImage->width() - cw);
				yRange = min(yRange, (int)atlasBitImage->height() - ch);
			}
			int x = m_rand.getRange(xRange);
			int y = m_rand.getRange(yRange);
			if (blockAligned) {
				x = align(x, BLOCK_SIZE);
				y = align(y, BLOCK_SIZE);
				if (!resizableAtlas && (x > (int)atlasBitImage->width() - cw || y > (int)atlasBitImage->height() - ch))
					continue; // Block alignment pushed the chart outside the atlas.
			}
			// Early out.
			int area = max(w, x + cw) * max(h, y + ch);
			//int perimeter = max(w, x+cw) + max(h, y+ch);
			int extents = max(max(w, x + cw), max(h, y + ch));
			int metric = extents * extents + area;
			if (metric > best_metric) {
				continue;
			}
			if (metric == best_metric && min(x, y) > min(*best_x, *best_y)) {
				// If metric is the same, pick the one closest to the origin.
				continue;
			}
			if (atlasBitImage->canBlit(r == 1 ? *chartBitImageRotated : *chartBitImage, x, y)) {
				result = true;
				best_metric = metric;
				*best_x = x;
				*best_y = y;
				*best_w = cw;
				*best_h = ch;
				*best_r = allowRotate ? r : 0;
				if (area == w * h) {
					// Chart is completely inside, do not look at any other location.
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	void addChart(BitImage *atlasBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImage, const BitImage *chartBitImageRotated, int atlas_w, int atlas_h, int offset_x, int offset_y, int r)
	{
		XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(r == 0 || r == 1);
		const BitImage *image = r == 0 ? chartBitImage : chartBitImageRotated;
		const int w = image->width();
		const int h = image->height();
		for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
			int yy = y + offset_y;
			if (yy >= 0) {
				for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
					int xx = x + offset_x;
					if (xx >= 0) {
						if (image->bitAt(x, y)) {
							if (xx < atlas_w && yy < atlas_h) {
								XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(atlasBitImage->bitAt(xx, yy) == false);
								atlasBitImage->setBitAt(xx, yy);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	struct DrawTriangleCallbackArgs
	{
		BitImage *chartBitImage;
		BitImage *chartBitImageRotated;
	};

	static bool drawTriangleCallback(void *param, int x, int y)
	{
		auto args = (DrawTriangleCallbackArgs *)param;
		args->chartBitImage->setBitAt(x, y);
		if (args->chartBitImageRotated)
			args->chartBitImageRotated->setBitAt(y, x);
		return true;
	}

	Array<AtlasImage *> m_atlasImages;
	Array<float> m_utilization;
	Array<BitImage *> m_bitImages;
	BoundingBox2D m_boundingBox;
	Array<Chart *> m_charts;
	RadixSort m_radix;
	uint32_t m_width = 0;
	uint32_t m_height = 0;
	float m_texelsPerUnit = 0.0f;
	KISSRng m_rand;
};

} // namespace pack
} // namespace internal

struct Context
{
	Atlas atlas;
	uint32_t meshCount = 0;
	internal::Progress *addMeshProgress = nullptr;
	internal::TaskGroupHandle addMeshTaskGroup;
	internal::param::Atlas paramAtlas;
	ProgressFunc progressFunc = nullptr;
	void *progressUserData = nullptr;
	internal::TaskScheduler *taskScheduler;
	internal::Array<internal::UvMesh *> uvMeshes;
	internal::Array<internal::UvMeshInstance *> uvMeshInstances;
};

Atlas *Create()
{
	Context *ctx = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, Context);
	memset(&ctx->atlas, 0, sizeof(Atlas));
	ctx->taskScheduler = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, internal::TaskScheduler);
	return &ctx->atlas;
}

static void DestroyOutputMeshes(Context *ctx)
{
	if (!ctx->atlas.meshes)
		return;
	for (int i = 0; i < (int)ctx->atlas.meshCount; i++) {
		Mesh &mesh = ctx->atlas.meshes[i];
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < mesh.chartCount; j++) {
			if (mesh.chartArray[j].indexArray)
				XA_FREE(mesh.chartArray[j].indexArray);
		}
		if (mesh.chartArray)
			XA_FREE(mesh.chartArray);
		if (mesh.vertexArray)
			XA_FREE(mesh.vertexArray);
		if (mesh.indexArray)
			XA_FREE(mesh.indexArray);
	}
	if (ctx->atlas.meshes)
		XA_FREE(ctx->atlas.meshes);
	ctx->atlas.meshes = nullptr;
}

void Destroy(Atlas *atlas)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(atlas);
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (atlas->utilization)
		XA_FREE(atlas->utilization);
	if (atlas->image)
		XA_FREE(atlas->image);
	DestroyOutputMeshes(ctx);
	if (ctx->addMeshProgress) {
		ctx->addMeshProgress->cancel = true;
		AddMeshJoin(atlas); // frees addMeshProgress
	}
	ctx->taskScheduler->~TaskScheduler();
	XA_FREE(ctx->taskScheduler);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->uvMeshes.size(); i++) {
		internal::UvMesh *mesh = ctx->uvMeshes[i];
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < mesh->charts.size(); j++) {
			mesh->charts[j]->~UvMeshChart();
			XA_FREE(mesh->charts[j]);
		}
		mesh->~UvMesh();
		XA_FREE(mesh);
	}
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->uvMeshInstances.size(); i++) {
		internal::UvMeshInstance *mesh = ctx->uvMeshInstances[i];
		mesh->~UvMeshInstance();
		XA_FREE(mesh);
	}
	ctx->~Context();
	XA_FREE(ctx);
#if XA_DEBUG_HEAP
	internal::ReportLeaks();
#endif
}

struct AddMeshTaskArgs
{
	Context *ctx;
	internal::Mesh *mesh;
};

static void runAddMeshTask(void *userData)
{
	XA_PROFILE_START(addMeshThread)
	auto args = (AddMeshTaskArgs *)userData; // Responsible for freeing this.
	internal::Mesh *mesh = args->mesh;
	internal::Progress *progress = args->ctx->addMeshProgress;
	if (progress->cancel)
		goto cleanup;
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(addMeshCreateColocals)
		mesh->createColocals();
		XA_PROFILE_END(addMeshCreateColocals)
	}
	if (progress->cancel)
		goto cleanup;
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(addMeshCreateFaceGroups)
		mesh->createFaceGroups();
		XA_PROFILE_END(addMeshCreateFaceGroups)
	}
	if (progress->cancel)
		goto cleanup;
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(addMeshCreateBoundaries)
		mesh->createBoundaries();
		XA_PROFILE_END(addMeshCreateBoundaries)
	}
	if (progress->cancel)
		goto cleanup;
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_SOURCE_MESHES
	char filename[256];
	XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_mesh_%03u.obj", mesh->id());
	FILE *file;
	XA_FOPEN(file, filename, "w");
	if (file) {
		mesh->writeObjVertices(file);
		// groups
		uint32_t numGroups = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mesh->faceGroupCount(); i++) {
			if (mesh->faceGroupAt(i) != UINT32_MAX)
				numGroups = internal::max(numGroups, mesh->faceGroupAt(i) + 1);
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numGroups; i++) {
			fprintf(file, "o group_%04d\n", i);
			fprintf(file, "s off\n");
			for (uint32_t f = 0; f < mesh->faceGroupCount(); f++) {
				if (mesh->faceGroupAt(f) == i)
					mesh->writeObjFace(file, f);
			}
		}
		fprintf(file, "o group_ignored\n");
		fprintf(file, "s off\n");
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < mesh->faceGroupCount(); f++) {
			if (mesh->faceGroupAt(f) == UINT32_MAX)
				mesh->writeObjFace(file, f);
		}
		mesh->writeObjBoundaryEges(file);
		fclose(file);
	}
#endif
	{
		XA_PROFILE_START(addMeshCreateChartGroupsReal)
		args->ctx->paramAtlas.addMesh(args->ctx->taskScheduler, mesh); // addMesh is thread safe
		XA_PROFILE_END(addMeshCreateChartGroupsReal)
	}
	if (progress->cancel)
		goto cleanup;
	progress->value++;
	progress->update();
cleanup:
	mesh->~Mesh();
	XA_FREE(mesh);
	args->~AddMeshTaskArgs();
	XA_FREE(args);
	XA_PROFILE_END(addMeshThread)
}

static internal::Vector3 DecodePosition(const MeshDecl &meshDecl, uint32_t index)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshDecl.vertexPositionData);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshDecl.vertexPositionStride > 0);
	return *((const internal::Vector3 *)&((const uint8_t *)meshDecl.vertexPositionData)[meshDecl.vertexPositionStride * index]);
}

static internal::Vector3 DecodeNormal(const MeshDecl &meshDecl, uint32_t index)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshDecl.vertexNormalData);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshDecl.vertexNormalStride > 0);
	return *((const internal::Vector3 *)&((const uint8_t *)meshDecl.vertexNormalData)[meshDecl.vertexNormalStride * index]);
}

static internal::Vector2 DecodeUv(const MeshDecl &meshDecl, uint32_t index)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshDecl.vertexUvData);
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(meshDecl.vertexUvStride > 0);
	return *((const internal::Vector2 *)&((const uint8_t *)meshDecl.vertexUvData)[meshDecl.vertexUvStride * index]);
}

static uint32_t DecodeIndex(IndexFormat::Enum format, const void *indexData, int32_t offset, uint32_t i)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(indexData);
	if (format == IndexFormat::UInt16)
		return uint16_t((int32_t)((const uint16_t *)indexData)[i] + offset);
	return uint32_t((int32_t)((const uint32_t *)indexData)[i] + offset);
}

AddMeshError::Enum AddMesh(Atlas *atlas, const MeshDecl &meshDecl, uint32_t meshCountHint)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(atlas);
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("AddMesh: atlas is null.\n");
		return AddMeshError::Error;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (!ctx->uvMeshes.isEmpty()) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("AddMesh: Meshes and UV meshes cannot be added to the same atlas.\n");
		return AddMeshError::Error;
	}
#if XA_PROFILE
	if (ctx->meshCount == 0)
		internal::s_profile.addMeshReal = clock();
#endif
	// Don't know how many times AddMesh will be called, so progress needs to adjusted each time.
	if (!ctx->addMeshProgress) {
		ctx->addMeshProgress = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, internal::Progress, ProgressCategory::AddMesh, ctx->progressFunc, ctx->progressUserData, 1);
	}
	else {
		ctx->addMeshProgress->setMaxValue(internal::max(ctx->meshCount + 1, meshCountHint));
	}
	bool decoded = (meshDecl.indexCount <= 0);
	uint32_t indexCount = decoded ? meshDecl.vertexCount : meshDecl.indexCount;
	XA_PRINT("Adding mesh %d: %u vertices, %u triangles\n", ctx->meshCount, meshDecl.vertexCount, indexCount / 3);
	// Expecting triangle faces.
	if ((indexCount % 3) != 0)
		return AddMeshError::InvalidIndexCount;
	if (!decoded) {
		// Check if any index is out of range.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i++) {
			const uint32_t index = DecodeIndex(meshDecl.indexFormat, meshDecl.indexData, meshDecl.indexOffset, i);
			if (index >= meshDecl.vertexCount)
				return AddMeshError::IndexOutOfRange;
		}
	}
	uint32_t meshFlags = internal::MeshFlags::HasFaceGroups | internal::MeshFlags::HasIgnoredFaces;
	if (meshDecl.vertexNormalData)
		meshFlags |= internal::MeshFlags::HasNormals;
	internal::Mesh *mesh = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Mesh, internal::Mesh, meshDecl.epsilon, meshDecl.vertexCount, indexCount / 3, meshFlags, ctx->meshCount);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < meshDecl.vertexCount; i++) {
		internal::Vector3 normal(0.0f);
		internal::Vector2 texcoord(0.0f);
		if (meshDecl.vertexNormalData)
			normal = DecodeNormal(meshDecl, i);
		if (meshDecl.vertexUvData)
			texcoord = DecodeUv(meshDecl, i);
		mesh->addVertex(DecodePosition(meshDecl, i), normal, texcoord);
	}
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount / 3; i++) {
		uint32_t tri[3];
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
			tri[j] = decoded ? i * 3 + j : DecodeIndex(meshDecl.indexFormat, meshDecl.indexData, meshDecl.indexOffset, i * 3 + j);
		bool ignore = false;
		// Check for degenerate or zero length edges.
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			const uint32_t index1 = tri[j];
			const uint32_t index2 = tri[(j + 1) % 3];
			if (index1 == index2) {
				ignore = true;
				XA_PRINT("   Degenerate edge: index %d, index %d\n", index1, index2);
				break;
			}
			const internal::Vector3 &pos1 = mesh->position(index1);
			const internal::Vector3 &pos2 = mesh->position(index2);
			if (internal::length(pos2 - pos1) <= 0.0f) {
				ignore = true;
				XA_PRINT("   Zero length edge: index %d position (%g %g %g), index %d position (%g %g %g)\n", index1, pos1.x, pos1.y, pos1.z, index2, pos2.x, pos2.y, pos2.z);
				break;
			}
		}
		const internal::Vector3 &a = mesh->position(tri[0]);
		const internal::Vector3 &b = mesh->position(tri[1]);
		const internal::Vector3 &c = mesh->position(tri[2]);
		// Check for zero area faces. Don't bother if a degenerate or zero length edge was already detected.
		float area = 0.0f;
		if (!ignore) {
			area = internal::length(internal::cross(b - a, c - a)) * 0.5f;
			if (area <= internal::kAreaEpsilon) {
				ignore = true;
				XA_PRINT("   Zero area face: %d, indices (%d %d %d), area is %f\n", i, tri[0], tri[1], tri[2], area);
			}
		}
		if (!ignore) {
			if (internal::equal(a, b, meshDecl.epsilon) || internal::equal(a, c, meshDecl.epsilon) || internal::equal(b, c, meshDecl.epsilon)) {
				ignore = true;
				XA_PRINT("   Degenerate face: %d, area is %f\n", i, area);
			}
		}
		if (meshDecl.faceIgnoreData && meshDecl.faceIgnoreData[i])
			ignore = true;
		mesh->addFace(tri[0], tri[1], tri[2], ignore);
	}
	if (ctx->addMeshTaskGroup.value == UINT32_MAX)
		ctx->addMeshTaskGroup = ctx->taskScheduler->createTaskGroup();
	AddMeshTaskArgs *taskArgs = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, AddMeshTaskArgs); // The task frees this.
	taskArgs->ctx = ctx;
	taskArgs->mesh = mesh;
	internal::Task task;
	task.userData = taskArgs;
	task.func = runAddMeshTask;
	ctx->taskScheduler->run(ctx->addMeshTaskGroup, task);
	ctx->meshCount++;
	return AddMeshError::Success;
}

void AddMeshJoin(Atlas *atlas)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(atlas);
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("AddMeshJoin: atlas is null.\n");
		return;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (!ctx->addMeshProgress)
		return;
	ctx->taskScheduler->wait(&ctx->addMeshTaskGroup);
	ctx->addMeshProgress->~Progress();
	XA_FREE(ctx->addMeshProgress);
	ctx->addMeshProgress = nullptr;
#if XA_PROFILE
	XA_PRINT("Added %u meshes\n", ctx->meshCount);
	internal::s_profile.addMeshReal = clock() - internal::s_profile.addMeshReal;
#endif
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total (real): ", addMeshReal)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total (thread): ", addMeshThread)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create colocals: ", addMeshCreateColocals)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create face groups: ", addMeshCreateFaceGroups)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create boundaries: ", addMeshCreateBoundaries)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create chart groups (real): ", addMeshCreateChartGroupsReal)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create chart groups (thread): ", addMeshCreateChartGroupsThread)
	XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE
}

struct EdgeKey
{
	EdgeKey() {}
	EdgeKey(const EdgeKey &k) : v0(k.v0), v1(k.v1) {}
	EdgeKey(uint32_t v0, uint32_t v1) : v0(v0), v1(v1) {}

	void operator=(const EdgeKey &k)
	{
		v0 = k.v0;
		v1 = k.v1;
	}
	bool operator==(const EdgeKey &k) const
	{
		return v0 == k.v0 && v1 == k.v1;
	}

	uint32_t v0;
	uint32_t v1;
};

AddMeshError::Enum AddUvMesh(Atlas *atlas, const UvMeshDecl &decl)
{
	XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(atlas);
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("AddUvMesh: atlas is null.\n");
		return AddMeshError::Error;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (ctx->meshCount > 0) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("AddUvMesh: Meshes and UV meshes cannot be added to the same atlas.\n");
		return AddMeshError::Error;
	}
	const bool decoded = (decl.indexCount <= 0);
	const uint32_t indexCount = decoded ? decl.vertexCount : decl.indexCount;
	XA_PRINT("Adding UV mesh %d: %u vertices, %u triangles\n", ctx->uvMeshes.size(), decl.vertexCount, indexCount / 3);
	// Expecting triangle faces.
	if ((indexCount % 3) != 0)
		return AddMeshError::InvalidIndexCount;
	if (!decoded) {
		// Check if any index is out of range.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i++) {
			const uint32_t index = DecodeIndex(decl.indexFormat, decl.indexData, decl.indexOffset, i);
			if (index >= decl.vertexCount)
				return AddMeshError::IndexOutOfRange;
		}
	}
	internal::UvMeshInstance *meshInstance = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, internal::UvMeshInstance);
	meshInstance->texcoords.resize(decl.vertexCount);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < decl.vertexCount; i++)
		meshInstance->texcoords[i] = *((const internal::Vector2 *)&((const uint8_t *)decl.vertexUvData)[decl.vertexStride * i]);
	meshInstance->rotateCharts = decl.rotateCharts;
	// See if this is an instance of an already existing mesh.
	internal::UvMesh *mesh = nullptr;
	for (uint32_t m = 0; m < ctx->uvMeshes.size(); m++) {
		if (memcmp(&ctx->uvMeshes[m]->decl, &decl, sizeof(UvMeshDecl)) == 0) {
			meshInstance->mesh = mesh = ctx->uvMeshes[m];
			break;
		}
	}
	if (!mesh) {
		// Copy geometry to mesh.
		meshInstance->mesh = mesh = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, internal::UvMesh);
		mesh->decl = decl;
		mesh->indices.resize(decl.indexCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i++)
			mesh->indices[i] = decoded ? i : DecodeIndex(decl.indexFormat, decl.indexData, decl.indexOffset, i);
		mesh->vertexToChartMap.resize(decl.vertexCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mesh->vertexToChartMap.size(); i++)
			mesh->vertexToChartMap[i] = UINT32_MAX;
		// Calculate charts (incident faces).
		internal::HashMap<internal::Vector2, uint32_t> vertexToFaceMap(internal::MemTag::Default, indexCount);
		const uint32_t faceCount = indexCount / 3;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < indexCount; i++)
			vertexToFaceMap.add(meshInstance->texcoords[mesh->indices[i]], i / 3);
		internal::BitArray faceAssigned(faceCount);
		faceAssigned.clearAll();
		internal::Array<uint32_t> chartFaces;
		for (uint32_t f = 0; f < faceCount; f++) {
			if (faceAssigned.bitAt(f))
				continue;
			// Found an unassigned face, create a new chart.
			internal::UvMeshChart *chart = XA_NEW(internal::MemTag::Default, internal::UvMeshChart);
			chart->material = decl.faceMaterialData ? decl.faceMaterialData[f] : 0;
			// Walk incident faces and assign them to the chart.
			faceAssigned.setBitAt(f);
			chartFaces.clear();
			chartFaces.push_back(f);
			for (;;) {
				bool newFaceAssigned = false;
				const uint32_t faceCount2 = chartFaces.size();
				for (uint32_t f2 = 0; f2 < faceCount2; f2++) {
					const uint32_t face = chartFaces[f2];
					for (uint32_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
						const internal::Vector2 &texcoord = meshInstance->texcoords[meshInstance->mesh->indices[face * 3 + i]];
						uint32_t mapFaceIndex = vertexToFaceMap.get(texcoord);
						while (mapFaceIndex != UINT32_MAX) {
							const uint32_t face2 = vertexToFaceMap.value(mapFaceIndex);
							// Materials must match.
							if (!faceAssigned.bitAt(face2) && (!decl.faceMaterialData || decl.faceMaterialData[face] == decl.faceMaterialData[face2])) {
								faceAssigned.setBitAt(face2);
								chartFaces.push_back(face2);
								newFaceAssigned = true;
							}
							mapFaceIndex = vertexToFaceMap.getNext(mapFaceIndex);
						}
					}
				}
				if (!newFaceAssigned)
					break;
			}
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < chartFaces.size(); i++) {
				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
					const uint32_t vertex = meshInstance->mesh->indices[chartFaces[i] * 3 + j];
					chart->indices.push_back(vertex);
					mesh->vertexToChartMap[vertex] = mesh->charts.size();
				}
			}
			mesh->charts.push_back(chart);
		}
		ctx->uvMeshes.push_back(mesh);
	} else {
		XA_PRINT("   instance of a previous UV mesh\n");
	}
	XA_PRINT("   %u charts\n", meshInstance->mesh->charts.size());
	ctx->uvMeshInstances.push_back(meshInstance);
	return AddMeshError::Success;
}

void ComputeCharts(Atlas *atlas, ChartOptions chartOptions)
{
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("ComputeCharts: atlas is null.\n");
		return;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (!ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("ComputeCharts: This function should not be called with UV meshes.\n");
		return;
	}
	AddMeshJoin(atlas);
	if (ctx->meshCount == 0) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("ComputeCharts: No meshes. Call AddMesh first.\n");
		return;
	}
	XA_PRINT("Computing charts\n");
	uint32_t chartCount = 0, chartsWithHolesCount = 0, holesCount = 0, chartsWithTJunctionsCount = 0, tJunctionsCount = 0;
	XA_PROFILE_START(computeChartsReal)
	if (!ctx->paramAtlas.computeCharts(ctx->taskScheduler, chartOptions, ctx->progressFunc, ctx->progressUserData)) {
		XA_PRINT("   Cancelled by user\n");
		return;
	}
	XA_PROFILE_END(computeChartsReal)
	// Count charts and print warnings.
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->meshCount; i++) {
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupCount(i); j++) {
			const internal::param::ChartGroup *chartGroup = ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupAt(i, j);
			if (chartGroup->isVertexMap())
				continue;
			for (uint32_t k = 0; k < chartGroup->chartCount(); k++) {
				const internal::param::Chart *chart = chartGroup->chartAt(k);
				if (chart->warningFlags() & internal::param::ChartWarningFlags::CloseHolesFailed)
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u (mesh %u, group %u, id %u): failed to close holes\n", chartCount, i, j, k);
				if (chart->warningFlags() & internal::param::ChartWarningFlags::FixTJunctionsDuplicatedEdge)
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u (mesh %u, group %u, id %u): fixing t-junctions created non-manifold geometry\n", chartCount, i, j, k);
				if (chart->warningFlags() & internal::param::ChartWarningFlags::FixTJunctionsFailed)
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u (mesh %u, group %u, id %u): fixing t-junctions failed\n", chartCount, i, j, k);
				if (chart->warningFlags() & internal::param::ChartWarningFlags::TriangulateDuplicatedEdge)
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u (mesh %u, group %u, id %u): triangulation created non-manifold geometry\n", chartCount, i, j, k);
				if (!chart->isDisk())
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u (mesh %u, group %u, id %u): doesn't have disk topology\n", chartCount, i, j, k);
				holesCount += chart->closedHolesCount();
				if (chart->closedHolesCount() > 0)
					chartsWithHolesCount++;
				tJunctionsCount += chart->fixedTJunctionsCount();
				if (chart->fixedTJunctionsCount() > 0)
					chartsWithTJunctionsCount++;
				chartCount++;
			}
		}
	}
	if (holesCount > 0)
		XA_PRINT("   Closed %u holes in %u charts\n", holesCount, chartsWithHolesCount);
	if (tJunctionsCount > 0)
		XA_PRINT("   Fixed %u t-junctions in %u charts\n", tJunctionsCount, chartsWithTJunctionsCount);
	XA_PRINT("   %u charts\n", chartCount);
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total (real): ", computeChartsReal)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total (thread): ", computeChartsThread)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Atlas builder: ", atlasBuilder)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("         Init: ", atlasBuilderInit)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("         Create initial charts: ", atlasBuilderCreateInitialCharts)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("         Grow charts: ", atlasBuilderGrowCharts)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("         Merge charts: ", atlasBuilderMergeCharts)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create chart meshes (real): ", createChartMeshesReal)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Create chart meshes (thread): ", createChartMeshesThread)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("         Fix t-junctions: ", fixChartMeshTJunctions)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("         Close holes: ", closeChartMeshHoles)
	XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE
}

void ParameterizeCharts(Atlas *atlas, ParameterizeFunc func)
{
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("ParameterizeCharts: atlas is null.\n");
		return;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (!ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("ParameterizeCharts: This function should not be called with UV meshes.\n");
		return;
	}
	if (!ctx->paramAtlas.chartsComputed()) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("ParameterizeCharts: ComputeCharts must be called first.\n");
		return;
	}
	atlas->atlasCount = 0;
	atlas->height = 0;
	atlas->texelsPerUnit = 0;
	atlas->width = 0;
	if (atlas->utilization) {
		XA_FREE(atlas->utilization);
		atlas->utilization = nullptr;
	}
	if (atlas->image) {
		XA_FREE(atlas->image);
		atlas->image = nullptr;
	}
	DestroyOutputMeshes(ctx);
	XA_PRINT("Parameterizing charts\n");
	XA_PROFILE_START(parameterizeChartsReal)
	if (!ctx->paramAtlas.parameterizeCharts(ctx->taskScheduler, func, ctx->progressFunc, ctx->progressUserData)) {
		XA_PRINT("   Cancelled by user\n");
			return;
	}
	XA_PROFILE_END(parameterizeChartsReal)
	uint32_t chartCount = 0, orthoChartsCount = 0, planarChartsCount = 0, chartsAddedCount = 0, chartsDeletedCount = 0;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->meshCount; i++) {
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupCount(i); j++) {
			const internal::param::ChartGroup *chartGroup = ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupAt(i, j);
			if (chartGroup->isVertexMap())
				continue;
			for (uint32_t k = 0; k < chartGroup->chartCount(); k++) {
				const internal::param::Chart *chart = chartGroup->chartAt(k);
				if (chart->isPlanar())
					planarChartsCount++;
				else if (chart->isOrtho())
					orthoChartsCount++;
			}
			chartCount += chartGroup->chartCount();
			chartsAddedCount += chartGroup->paramAddedChartsCount();
			chartsDeletedCount += chartGroup->paramDeletedChartsCount();
		}
	}
	XA_PRINT("   %u planar charts, %u ortho charts, %u other\n", planarChartsCount, orthoChartsCount, chartCount - (planarChartsCount + orthoChartsCount));
	if (chartsDeletedCount > 0) {
		XA_PRINT("   %u charts deleted due to invalid parameterizations, %u new charts added\n", chartsDeletedCount, chartsAddedCount);
		XA_PRINT("   %u charts\n", ctx->paramAtlas.chartCount());
	}
	uint32_t chartIndex = 0, invalidParamCount = 0;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->meshCount; i++) {
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupCount(i); j++) {
			const internal::param::ChartGroup *chartGroup = ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupAt(i, j);
			if (chartGroup->isVertexMap())
				continue;
			for (uint32_t k = 0; k < chartGroup->chartCount(); k++) {
				const internal::param::Chart *chart = chartGroup->chartAt(k);
				const internal::param::ParameterizationQuality &quality = chart->paramQuality();
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_CHARTS_AFTER_PARAMETERIZATION
				{
					char filename[256];
					XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_chart_%03u_after_parameterization.obj", chartIndex);
					chart->unifiedMesh()->writeObjFile(filename);
				}
#endif
				bool invalid = false;
				if (quality.boundaryIntersection) {
					invalid = true;
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u (mesh %u, group %u, id %u) (%s): invalid parameterization, self-intersecting boundary.\n", chartIndex, i, j, k, chart->isPlanar() ? "planar" : chart->isOrtho() ? "ortho" : "other");
				}
				if (quality.flippedTriangleCount > 0) {
					invalid = true;
					XA_PRINT_WARNING("   Chart %u  (mesh %u, group %u, id %u) (%s): invalid parameterization, %u / %u flipped triangles.\n", chartIndex, i, j, k, chart->isPlanar() ? "planar" : chart->isOrtho() ? "ortho" : "other", quality.flippedTriangleCount, quality.totalTriangleCount);
				}
				if (invalid)
					invalidParamCount++;
#if XA_DEBUG_EXPORT_OBJ_INVALID_PARAMETERIZATION
				if (invalid) {
					char filename[256];
					XA_SPRINTF(filename, sizeof(filename), "debug_chart_%03u_invalid_parameterization.obj", chartIndex);
					const internal::Mesh *mesh = chart->unifiedMesh();
					FILE *file;
					XA_FOPEN(file, filename, "w");
					if (file) {
						mesh->writeObjVertices(file);
						fprintf(file, "s off\n");
						fprintf(file, "o object\n");
						for (uint32_t f = 0; f < mesh->faceCount(); f++)
							mesh->writeObjFace(file, f);
						if (!chart->paramFlippedFaces().isEmpty()) {
							fprintf(file, "o flipped_faces\n");
							for (uint32_t f = 0; f < chart->paramFlippedFaces().size(); f++)
								mesh->writeObjFace(file, chart->paramFlippedFaces()[f]);
						}
						mesh->writeObjBoundaryEges(file);
						mesh->writeObjLinkedBoundaries(file);
						fclose(file);
					}
				}
#endif
				chartIndex++;
			}
		}
	}
	if (invalidParamCount > 0)
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("   %u charts with invalid parameterizations\n", invalidParamCount);
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total (real): ", parameterizeChartsReal)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total (thread): ", parameterizeChartsThread)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Orthogonal: ", parameterizeChartsOrthogonal)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      LSCM: ", parameterizeChartsLSCM)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Evaluate quality: ", parameterizeChartsEvaluateQuality)
	XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE
}

void PackCharts(Atlas *atlas, PackOptions packOptions)
{
	// Validate arguments and context state.
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("PackCharts: atlas is null.\n");
		return;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (ctx->meshCount == 0 && ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("PackCharts: No meshes. Call AddMesh or AddUvMesh first.\n");
		return;
	}
	if (ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		if (!ctx->paramAtlas.chartsComputed()) {
			XA_PRINT_WARNING("PackCharts: ComputeCharts must be called first.\n");
			return;
		}
		if (!ctx->paramAtlas.chartsParameterized()) {
			XA_PRINT_WARNING("PackCharts: ParameterizeCharts must be called first.\n");
			return;
		}
	}
	if (packOptions.texelsPerUnit < 0.0f) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("PackCharts: PackOptions::texelsPerUnit is negative.\n");
		packOptions.texelsPerUnit = 0.0f;
	}
	// Cleanup atlas.
	DestroyOutputMeshes(ctx);
	if (atlas->utilization) {
		XA_FREE(atlas->utilization);
		atlas->utilization = nullptr;
	}
	if (atlas->image) {
		XA_FREE(atlas->image);
		atlas->image = nullptr;
	}
	atlas->meshCount = 0;
	// Pack charts.
	internal::pack::Atlas packAtlas;
	if (!ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->uvMeshInstances.size(); i++)
			packAtlas.addUvMeshCharts(ctx->uvMeshInstances[i]);
	}
	else if (ctx->paramAtlas.chartCount() > 0) {
		ctx->paramAtlas.restoreOriginalChartTexcoords();
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->paramAtlas.chartCount(); i++)
			packAtlas.addChart(ctx->paramAtlas.chartAt(i));
	}
	XA_PROFILE_START(packCharts)
	if (!packAtlas.packCharts(ctx->taskScheduler, packOptions, ctx->progressFunc, ctx->progressUserData))
		return;
	XA_PROFILE_END(packCharts)
	// Populate atlas object with pack results.
	atlas->atlasCount = packAtlas.getNumAtlases();
	atlas->chartCount = packAtlas.getChartCount();
	atlas->width = packAtlas.getWidth();
	atlas->height = packAtlas.getHeight();
	atlas->texelsPerUnit = packAtlas.getTexelsPerUnit();
	if (atlas->atlasCount > 0) {
		atlas->utilization = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, float, atlas->atlasCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < atlas->atlasCount; i++)
			atlas->utilization[i] = packAtlas.getUtilization(i);
	}
	if (packOptions.createImage) {
		atlas->image = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, uint32_t, atlas->atlasCount * atlas->width * atlas->height);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < atlas->atlasCount; i++)
			packAtlas.getImages()[i]->copyTo(&atlas->image[atlas->width * atlas->height * i], atlas->width, atlas->height);
	}
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("   Total: ", packCharts)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Rasterize: ", packChartsRasterize)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Dilate (padding): ", packChartsDilate)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Find location (real): ", packChartsFindLocation)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Find location (thread): ", packChartsFindLocationThread)
	XA_PROFILE_PRINT_AND_RESET("      Blit: ", packChartsBlit)
	XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE
	XA_PRINT("Building output meshes\n");
	int progress = 0;
	if (ctx->progressFunc) {
		if (!ctx->progressFunc(ProgressCategory::BuildOutputMeshes, 0, ctx->progressUserData))
			return;
	}
	if (ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty())
		atlas->meshCount = ctx->meshCount;
	else
		atlas->meshCount = ctx->uvMeshInstances.size();
	atlas->meshes = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, Mesh, atlas->meshCount);
	memset(atlas->meshes, 0, sizeof(Mesh) * atlas->meshCount);
	if (ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		uint32_t chartIndex = 0;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ctx->meshCount; i++) {
			Mesh &outputMesh = atlas->meshes[i];
			// Count and alloc arrays. Ignore vertex mapped chart groups in Mesh::chartCount, since they're ignored faces.
			for (uint32_t cg = 0; cg < ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupCount(i); cg++) {
				const internal::param::ChartGroup *chartGroup = ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupAt(i, cg);
				if (chartGroup->isVertexMap()) {
					outputMesh.vertexCount += chartGroup->mesh()->vertexCount();
					outputMesh.indexCount += chartGroup->mesh()->faceCount() * 3;
				} else {
					for (uint32_t c = 0; c < chartGroup->chartCount(); c++) {
						const internal::param::Chart *chart = chartGroup->chartAt(c);
						outputMesh.vertexCount += chart->mesh()->vertexCount();
						outputMesh.indexCount += chart->mesh()->faceCount() * 3;
						outputMesh.chartCount++;
					}
				}
			}
			outputMesh.vertexArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, Vertex, outputMesh.vertexCount);
			outputMesh.indexArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, uint32_t, outputMesh.indexCount);
			outputMesh.chartArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, Chart, outputMesh.chartCount);
			XA_PRINT("   mesh %u: %u vertices, %u triangles, %u charts\n", i, outputMesh.vertexCount, outputMesh.indexCount / 3, outputMesh.chartCount);
			// Copy mesh data.
			uint32_t firstVertex = 0;
			uint32_t meshChartIndex = 0;
			for (uint32_t cg = 0; cg < ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupCount(i); cg++) {
				const internal::param::ChartGroup *chartGroup = ctx->paramAtlas.chartGroupAt(i, cg);
				if (chartGroup->isVertexMap()) {
					const internal::Mesh *mesh = chartGroup->mesh();
					// Vertices.
					for (uint32_t v = 0; v < mesh->vertexCount(); v++) {
						Vertex &vertex = outputMesh.vertexArray[firstVertex + v];
						vertex.atlasIndex = -1;
						vertex.chartIndex = -1;
						vertex.uv[0] = vertex.uv[1] = 0.0f;
						vertex.xref = chartGroup->mapVertexToSourceVertex(v);
					}
					// Indices.
					for (uint32_t f = 0; f < mesh->faceCount(); f++) {
						const uint32_t indexOffset = chartGroup->mapFaceToSourceFace(f) * 3;
						for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
							outputMesh.indexArray[indexOffset + j] = firstVertex + mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + j);
					}
					firstVertex += mesh->vertexCount();
				} else {
					for (uint32_t c = 0; c < chartGroup->chartCount(); c++) {
						const internal::param::Chart *chart = chartGroup->chartAt(c);
						const internal::Mesh *mesh = chart->mesh();
						// Vertices.
						for (uint32_t v = 0; v < mesh->vertexCount(); v++) {
							Vertex &vertex = outputMesh.vertexArray[firstVertex + v];
							vertex.atlasIndex = packAtlas.getChart(chartIndex)->atlasIndex;
							XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(vertex.atlasIndex >= 0);
							vertex.chartIndex = (int32_t)chartIndex;
							const internal::Vector2 &uv = mesh->texcoord(v);
							vertex.uv[0] = internal::max(0.0f, uv.x);
							vertex.uv[1] = internal::max(0.0f, uv.y);
							vertex.xref = chartGroup->mapVertexToSourceVertex(chart->mapChartVertexToOriginalVertex(v));
						}
						// Indices.
						for (uint32_t f = 0; f < mesh->faceCount(); f++) {
							const uint32_t indexOffset = chartGroup->mapFaceToSourceFace(chart->mapFaceToSourceFace(f)) * 3;
							for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
								outputMesh.indexArray[indexOffset + j] = firstVertex + mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + j);
						}
						// Charts.
						Chart *outputChart = &outputMesh.chartArray[meshChartIndex];
						const int32_t atlasIndex = packAtlas.getChart(chartIndex)->atlasIndex;
						XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(atlasIndex >= 0);
						outputChart->atlasIndex = (uint32_t)atlasIndex;
						outputChart->flags = 0;
						if (chart->paramQuality().boundaryIntersection || chart->paramQuality().flippedTriangleCount > 0)
							outputChart->flags |= ChartFlags::Invalid;
						outputChart->indexCount = mesh->faceCount() * 3;
						outputChart->indexArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, uint32_t, outputChart->indexCount);
						for (uint32_t f = 0; f < mesh->faceCount(); f++) {
							for (uint32_t j = 0; j < 3; j++)
								outputChart->indexArray[3 * f + j] = firstVertex + mesh->vertexAt(f * 3 + j);
						}
						outputChart->material = 0;
						meshChartIndex++;
						chartIndex++;
						firstVertex += chart->mesh()->vertexCount();
					}
				}
			}
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(outputMesh.vertexCount == firstVertex);
			XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(outputMesh.chartCount == meshChartIndex);
			if (ctx->progressFunc) {
				const int newProgress = int((i + 1) / (float)atlas->meshCount * 100.0f);
				if (newProgress != progress) {
					progress = newProgress;
					if (!ctx->progressFunc(ProgressCategory::BuildOutputMeshes, progress, ctx->progressUserData))
						return;
				}
			}
		}
	} else {
		uint32_t chartIndex = 0;
		for (uint32_t m = 0; m < ctx->uvMeshInstances.size(); m++) {
			Mesh &outputMesh = atlas->meshes[m];
			const internal::UvMeshInstance *mesh = ctx->uvMeshInstances[m];
			// Alloc arrays.
			outputMesh.vertexCount = mesh->texcoords.size();
			outputMesh.indexCount = mesh->mesh->indices.size();
			outputMesh.chartCount = mesh->mesh->charts.size();
			outputMesh.vertexArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, Vertex, outputMesh.vertexCount);
			outputMesh.indexArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, uint32_t, outputMesh.indexCount);
			outputMesh.chartArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, Chart, outputMesh.chartCount);
			XA_PRINT("   UV mesh %u: %u vertices, %u triangles, %u charts\n", m, outputMesh.vertexCount, outputMesh.indexCount / 3, outputMesh.chartCount);
			// Copy mesh data.
			// Vertices.
			for (uint32_t v = 0; v < mesh->texcoords.size(); v++) {
				Vertex &vertex = outputMesh.vertexArray[v];
				vertex.uv[0] = mesh->texcoords[v].x;
				vertex.uv[1] = mesh->texcoords[v].y;
				vertex.xref = v;
				const uint32_t meshChartIndex = mesh->mesh->vertexToChartMap[v];
				if (meshChartIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
					// Vertex doesn't exist in any chart.
					vertex.atlasIndex = -1;
					vertex.chartIndex = -1;
				} else {
					const internal::pack::Chart *chart = packAtlas.getChart(chartIndex + meshChartIndex);
					vertex.atlasIndex = chart->atlasIndex;
					vertex.chartIndex = (int32_t)chartIndex + meshChartIndex;
				}
			}
			// Indices.
			memcpy(outputMesh.indexArray, mesh->mesh->indices.data(), mesh->mesh->indices.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
			// Charts.
			for (uint32_t c = 0; c < mesh->mesh->charts.size(); c++) {
				Chart *outputChart = &outputMesh.chartArray[c];
				const internal::pack::Chart *chart = packAtlas.getChart(chartIndex);
				XA_DEBUG_ASSERT(chart->atlasIndex >= 0);
				outputChart->atlasIndex = (uint32_t)chart->atlasIndex;
				outputChart->indexCount = chart->indexCount;
				outputChart->indexArray = XA_ALLOC_ARRAY(internal::MemTag::Default, uint32_t, outputChart->indexCount);
				outputChart->material = chart->material;
				memcpy(outputChart->indexArray, chart->indices, chart->indexCount * sizeof(uint32_t));
				chartIndex++;
			}
			if (ctx->progressFunc) {
				const int newProgress = int((m + 1) / (float)atlas->meshCount * 100.0f);
				if (newProgress != progress) {
					progress = newProgress;
					if (!ctx->progressFunc(ProgressCategory::BuildOutputMeshes, progress, ctx->progressUserData))
						return;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (ctx->progressFunc && progress != 100)
		ctx->progressFunc(ProgressCategory::BuildOutputMeshes, 100, ctx->progressUserData);
	XA_PRINT_MEM_USAGE
}

void Generate(Atlas *atlas, ChartOptions chartOptions, ParameterizeFunc paramFunc, PackOptions packOptions)
{
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("Generate: atlas is null.\n");
		return;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	if (!ctx->uvMeshInstances.isEmpty()) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("Generate: This function should not be called with UV meshes.\n");
		return;
	}
	if (ctx->meshCount == 0) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("Generate: No meshes. Call AddMesh first.\n");
		return;
	}
	ComputeCharts(atlas, chartOptions);
	ParameterizeCharts(atlas, paramFunc);
	PackCharts(atlas, packOptions);
}

void SetProgressCallback(Atlas *atlas, ProgressFunc progressFunc, void *progressUserData)
{
	if (!atlas) {
		XA_PRINT_WARNING("SetProgressCallback: atlas is null.\n");
		return;
	}
	Context *ctx = (Context *)atlas;
	ctx->progressFunc = progressFunc;
	ctx->progressUserData = progressUserData;
}

void SetRealloc(ReallocFunc reallocFunc)
{
	internal::s_realloc = reallocFunc;
}

void SetPrint(PrintFunc print, bool verbose)
{
	internal::s_print = print;
	internal::s_printVerbose = verbose;
}

const char *StringForEnum(AddMeshError::Enum error)
{
	if (error == AddMeshError::Error)
		return "Unspecified error";
	if (error == AddMeshError::IndexOutOfRange)
		return "Index out of range";
	if (error == AddMeshError::InvalidIndexCount)
		return "Invalid index count";
	return "Success";
}

const char *StringForEnum(ProgressCategory::Enum category)
{
	if (category == ProgressCategory::AddMesh)
		return "Adding mesh(es)";
	if (category == ProgressCategory::ComputeCharts)
		return "Computing charts";
	if (category == ProgressCategory::ParameterizeCharts)
		return "Parameterizing charts";
	if (category == ProgressCategory::PackCharts)
		return "Packing charts";
	if (category == ProgressCategory::BuildOutputMeshes)
		return "Building output meshes";
	return "";
}

} // namespace xatlas
