import torch
import torch.jit
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from contextlib import contextmanager
from itertools import product, chain
import torch.jit.frontend
from torch.autograd import Variable, Function
from torch.autograd.function import traceable
from torch.testing import assert_allclose
from torch.onnx import OperatorExportTypes
from common import TestCase, run_tests, IS_WINDOWS, TEST_WITH_UBSAN
from textwrap import dedent
import os
import io
import sys
import unittest
import inspect
import textwrap
import numpy as np
import tempfile
import shutil
import warnings
from test_autograd import method_tests, create_input, unpack_variables, \
    exclude_tensor_method, EXCLUDE_GRADCHECK, EXCLUDE_FUNCTIONAL
from copy import deepcopy
import random

from torch.jit.frontend import NotSupportedError
from torch.jit import BatchTensor

try:
    import torchvision
    HAS_TORCHVISION = True
except ImportError:
    HAS_TORCHVISION = False


skipIfNoTorchVision = unittest.skipIf(not HAS_TORCHVISION, "no torchvision")

RUN_CUDA = torch.cuda.is_available()
RUN_CUDA_HALF = RUN_CUDA
if torch.cuda.is_available():
    CUDA_VERSION = torch._C._cuda_getCompiledVersion()
    for d in range(torch.cuda.device_count()):
        major = torch.cuda.get_device_capability(d)[0]
        if (CUDA_VERSION < 8000 and major >= 6) or (CUDA_VERSION < 9000 and major >= 7):
            RUN_CUDA = False
        if (CUDA_VERSION < 9000 or major < 6):
            RUN_CUDA_HALF = False

RUN_CUDA_MULTI_GPU = RUN_CUDA and torch.cuda.device_count() > 1

PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
PY35 = sys.version_info >= (3, 5)
WINDOWS = sys.platform == 'win32'


# TODO: Replace all uses of this function with the literal "0" when the jit
# is able to support returning numbers (as opposed to only Tensors)
def FIXME_zerol():
    return torch.tensor([0])


def LSTMCellF(input, hx, cx, *params):
    return LSTMCell(input, (hx, cx), *params)


def LSTMCell(input, hidden, w_ih, w_hh, b_ih=None, b_hh=None):
    hx, cx = hidden
    gates = F.linear(input, w_ih, b_ih) + F.linear(hx, w_hh, b_hh)

    ingate, forgetgate, cellgate, outgate = gates.chunk(4, 1)
    ingate = torch.sigmoid(ingate)
    forgetgate = torch.sigmoid(forgetgate)
    cellgate = torch.tanh(cellgate)
    outgate = torch.sigmoid(outgate)

    cy = (forgetgate * cx) + (ingate * cellgate)
    hy = outgate * torch.tanh(cy)
    return hy, cy


def LSTMCellC(*args, **kwargs):
    hy, cy = LSTMCellF(*args, **kwargs)
    return torch.cat((hy, cy))


def canonical(graph):
    return str(torch._C._jit_pass_canonicalize(graph))


def get_lstm_inputs(device):
    input = torch.randn(3, 10, dtype=torch.float, device=device)
    hx = torch.randn(3, 20, dtype=torch.float, device=device)
    cx = torch.randn(3, 20, dtype=torch.float, device=device)
    module = nn.LSTMCell(10, 20).to(device, torch.float)  # Just to allocate weights with correct sizes
    return (input, hx, cx) + tuple(p.requires_grad_(False) for p in module.parameters())


def get_fn(file_name, script_path):
    import importlib.util
    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(file_name, script_path)
    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
    spec.loader.exec_module(module)
    fn = module.fn
    return fn


class JitTestCase(TestCase):
    def assertExpectedONNXGraph(self, trace, *args, **kwargs):
        torch.onnx._optimize_trace(trace, operator_export_type=OperatorExportTypes.ONNX)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace, *args, **kwargs)

    def assertExpectedGraph(self, trace, *args, **kwargs):
        if isinstance(trace, torch._C.Graph):
            graph = trace
        else:
            graph = trace.graph()

        torch._C._jit_pass_lint(graph)
        torch._C._jit_pass_dce(graph)
        torch._C._jit_pass_lint(graph)
        graph = torch._C._jit_pass_canonicalize(graph)
        torch._C._jit_pass_lint(graph)
        self.assertExpected(str(graph), *args, **kwargs)

    def run_pass(self, name, trace):
        if isinstance(trace, torch._C.Graph):
            graph = trace
            set_graph = False
        else:
            set_graph = True
            graph = trace.graph()

        torch._C._jit_pass_lint(graph)
        result = getattr(torch._C, '_jit_pass_' + name)(graph)
        if result is not None:
            graph = result
        torch._C._jit_pass_lint(graph)

        if set_graph:
            trace.set_graph(graph)
        return graph

    def checkTrace(self, func, reference_tensors, input_tensors=None,
                   optimize=True, drop=None, allow_unused=False,
                   verbose=False, inputs_require_grads=True):
        # TODO: check gradients for parameters, not just inputs
        def allSum(vs):
            # drop allows us to remove some values from ever being used
            # to test unused outputs
            if drop is not None:
                vs = vs[:-drop]
            # we don't want all the grad for all the outputs to be the same
            # so we multiply each by a constant
            return sum([(i + 1) * v.sum() for i, v in enumerate(vs) if v is not None])
        if input_tensors is None:
            input_tensors = reference_tensors

        nograd_inputs = reference_tensors
        if inputs_require_grads:
            recording_inputs = [t.clone().requires_grad_() for t in reference_tensors]
        else:
            recording_inputs = reference_tensors

        if isinstance(func, torch._C.Graph):
            ge = torch._C.GraphExecutor(func, optimize)
        else:
            ge = torch.jit.trace(*input_tensors, optimize=optimize)(func)

        if verbose:
            print(ge.graph)

        # test no gradients case
        outputs = func(*nograd_inputs)
        outputs_ge = ge(*nograd_inputs)
        self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_ge)

        # test single grad case
        outputs = func(*recording_inputs)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            grads = torch.autograd.grad(allSum(outputs), recording_inputs,
                                        allow_unused=allow_unused)

        outputs_ge = ge(*recording_inputs)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            grads_ge = torch.autograd.grad(allSum(outputs_ge), recording_inputs,
                                           allow_unused=allow_unused)
        self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_ge)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            self.assertEqual(grads, grads_ge)

        # test the grad grad case

        outputs = func(*recording_inputs)
        l1 = allSum(outputs)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            grads = torch.autograd.grad(l1, recording_inputs, create_graph=True,
                                        allow_unused=allow_unused)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            l2 = (allSum(grads) * l1)
            grads2 = torch.autograd.grad(l2, recording_inputs, allow_unused=allow_unused)

        if inputs_require_grads:
            recording_inputs = [Variable(t, requires_grad=True)
                                for t in reference_tensors]

        outputs_ge = ge(*recording_inputs)
        l1_ge = allSum(outputs_ge)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            grads_ge = torch.autograd.grad(
                l1_ge, recording_inputs, create_graph=True, allow_unused=allow_unused)

        if inputs_require_grads:
            l2_ge = (allSum(grads_ge) * l1_ge)
            grads2_ge = torch.autograd.grad(l2_ge, recording_inputs, allow_unused=allow_unused)

        self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_ge)
        if inputs_require_grads:
            self.assertEqual(grads, grads_ge)
            for g2, g2_ge in zip(grads2, grads2_ge):
                if g2 is None and g2_ge is None:
                    continue
                self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(g2, g2_ge, atol=7e-4, rtol=1e-4))

        return ge


class TestJit(JitTestCase):
    def assertExportImport(self, trace, inputs):
        initializers = []

        def run(graph):
            return torch._C.GraphExecutor(graph, False)(*inputs)

        proto, _ = trace.graph().export(initializers, onnx_opset_version=0,
                                        defer_weight_export=False,
                                        operator_export_type=OperatorExportTypes.RAW)
        self.assertFalse(initializers)

        imported_graph, initializers = torch._C._jit_import_graph(proto)
        self.assertFalse(initializers)

        self.assertEqual(run(trace.graph()), run(imported_graph))

    def test_simple(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True)

        def f(x, y):
            return torch.sigmoid(torch.tanh(x * (x + y)))

        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (x, y))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (x, y))

    def test_peephole(self):
        a = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)
        b = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True)
        c = torch.tensor([0], dtype=torch.int32)

        def f(x, y):
            return x.type_as(y)

        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (a, b))
        self.run_pass('peephole', trace)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (a, c))
        s = str(trace)
        self.run_pass('peephole', trace)
        self.assertEqual(s, str(trace))

    def test_peephole_dynamic(self):
        def f(x, y):
            return x.type_as(y)

        fn = torch.jit.script(f)
        s = str(fn.graph)
        torch._C._jit_pass_peephole(fn.graph)
        self.assertEqual(s, str(fn.graph))

    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "cpp tests require CUDA")
    def test_peephole_cuda(self):
        a = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True, device='cpu')
        b = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True, device='cuda')
        c = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True, device='cuda')

        def f(x, y):
            return x.type_as(y)

        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (a, c))
        s = str(trace)
        self.run_pass('peephole', trace)
        self.assertEqual(s, str(trace))
        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (b, c))
        self.run_pass('peephole', trace)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace, subname="same_device")

    def test_index(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.tensor([0], dtype=torch.int64)

        def fn(x, y):
            return x[y]

        fn_traced = torch.jit.trace(x, y)(fn)

        self.assertEqual(fn(x, y), fn_traced(x, y))

    # Backwards tracing was broken for indexing by a constant,
    # because it's internally implemented using as_strided,
    # and we attempted to trace its derivative (which is not
    # currently supported.)  It currently works because
    # slice() is now not marked as traceable.
    def test_index_constant(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)

        def fn(x):
            return x[0]

        def run(f):
            y = f(x)
            grad = torch.autograd.grad(y, x)[0].clone()
            return y, grad

        traced_fn = torch.jit.trace(torch.ones(1))(fn)
        self.assertEqual(run(fn), run(traced_fn))

    def test_scopes(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True)

        def f(x, y):
            out = x + y
            with torch.jit.scope('Foo'):
                out = x * out
                with torch.jit.scope('Bar'):
                    out = torch.tanh(out)
                out = torch.sigmoid(out)
            return out

        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (x, y))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (x, y))

    def test_scopes_intermediate_node(self):

        class Net(nn.Module):
            def forward(self, x):
                return F.log_softmax(x, dim=0)

        net = Net()
        t = torch.ones(2, requires_grad=True)
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(net, (t,))
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (t,))
        self.assertExpectedONNXGraph(trace)

    def test_scopes_identity_node(self):

        class Net(nn.Module):

            def __init__(self):
                super(Net, self).__init__()
                self.features = nn.Sequential(
                    nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=2),
                    nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                    nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
                )

            def forward(self, x):
                x = self.features(x)
                return x

        model = Net()

        t = torch.ones(1, 3, 227, 227, requires_grad=True)

        with torch.onnx.set_training(model, False):
            trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(model, (t,))

        self.assertExportImport(trace, (t,) + tuple(model.parameters()))
        self.assertExpectedONNXGraph(trace)

    # TODO: Fuser doesn't work at all when inputs require grad. Fix that
    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_lstm_fusion_cuda(self):
        inputs = get_lstm_inputs('cuda')
        ge = self.checkTrace(LSTMCellF, inputs)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph_for(*inputs))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skip("Test is flaky, see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8746")
    def test_lstm_fusion_cpu(self):
        inputs = get_lstm_inputs('cpu')
        try:
            ge = self.checkTrace(LSTMCellF, inputs)
            self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph_for(*inputs))
        except RuntimeError as e:
            if 'Failed to compile' in e.args[0]:
                warnings.warn('CPU fuser test has failed! This is not a hard failure, '
                              'because the kernels sometimes trigger bugs in compilers '
                              '(most notably GCC 7.2).')
                raise unittest.SkipTest('Failed to compile')
            else:
                raise

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_lstm_fusion_concat(self):
        inputs = get_lstm_inputs('cuda')
        ge = self.checkTrace(LSTMCellC, inputs)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph_for(*inputs))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_concat_fusion(self):
        hx = torch.randn(3, 20, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        cx = torch.randn(3, 20, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        def foo(hx, cx):
            return torch.cat((hx + cx, hx * cx))

        ge = self.checkTrace(foo, (hx, cx))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph_for(hx, cx))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_fusion_distribute(self):
        def f(x, y):
            z1, z2 = (x + y).chunk(2, dim=1)
            return z1 * z2

        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        ge = self.checkTrace(f, (x, y))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph_for(x, y))

    @staticmethod
    def fn_test_comparison_gt_lt(x, y):
        mask = (x > 0).type_as(x)
        z = x * mask + y
        mask = (x < 0).type_as(x)
        z = z * mask + y
        return z

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_comparison_gt_lt(self):
        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        ge = self.checkTrace(self.fn_test_comparison_gt_lt, (x, y))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_comparison_ge_le(self):
        def f(x, y):
            mask = (x >= 0).type_as(x)
            z = x * mask + y
            mask = (x <= 0).type_as(x)
            z = z * mask + y
            return z

        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        ge = self.checkTrace(f, (x, y))

    @staticmethod
    def fn_test_relu(x, y):
        return F.relu(x + .5 * y)

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_relu(self):
        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        ge = self.checkTrace(self.fn_test_relu, (x, y))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_small_constant(self):
        def fn_test_small_constant(x, y):
            return (1e-8 * x + 5e-9 * y) * 1e8
        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        ge = self.checkTrace(fn_test_small_constant, (x, y))

    @staticmethod
    def fn_test_exp(x, y):
        return (x + .5 * y).exp()

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    def test_exp(self):
        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.float, device='cuda')

        ge = self.checkTrace(self.fn_test_exp, (x, y))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "fuser requires CUDA")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA_HALF, "no half support")
    def test_cuda_half(self):
        x = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.half, device='cuda')
        y = torch.randn(4, 4, dtype=torch.half, device='cuda')

        funcs = [
            self.fn_test_comparison_gt_lt,
            self.fn_test_relu,
            self.fn_test_exp
        ]

        # Note: Non fused inputs must be float to prevent loss of precision
        inputs = (x.float(), y.float())
        fusion_inputs = (x, y)
        for fn in funcs:
            local_inputs = [t.clone().requires_grad_() for t in inputs]
            local_fusion_inputs = [t.clone().requires_grad_() for t in fusion_inputs]

            # Verifies outputs
            fusion = torch.jit.trace(*local_fusion_inputs, optimize=True)(fn)
            outputs = fn(*local_inputs)
            fusion_outputs = fusion(*local_fusion_inputs)
            outputs_half = [t.half() for t in outputs]
            self.assertEqual(outputs_half, fusion_outputs)

            # Verifies gradients
            for output, fusion_output in zip(outputs_half, fusion_outputs):
                grads = torch.autograd.grad(
                    output.float().sum(), local_inputs, allow_unused=True, retain_graph=True)
                fusion_grads = torch.autograd.grad(
                    fusion_output.sum(), local_fusion_inputs, allow_unused=True, retain_graph=True)
                grads_half = [t.half() for t in grads]
                self.assertEqual(grads_half, fusion_grads)

    # TODO: adapt this test to check that GraphExecutor treats them differently
    @unittest.skip("Need to be adjusted to Graph Executor")
    def test_arg_configurations(self):
        """Different arg configurations should trigger different traces"""
        x = Variable(torch.FloatTensor(4, 4).uniform_())
        x_double = Variable(x.data.double())
        x_grad = Variable(x.data.clone(), requires_grad=True)
        y = Variable(torch.randn(4))

        configurations = [
            (x,),
            (x_double,),
            (x_grad,),
            (y,),
            ([x, x],),
            ([x, y],),
        ]
        if torch.cuda.is_available():
            x_cuda = Variable(x.data.cuda())
            configurations += [
                (x_cuda,),
                ([x, x_cuda],),
                ([x_cuda, x],),
                ([[x_cuda, x]],),
            ]
            if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
                x_cuda_1 = Variable(x.data.cuda(1))
                configurations += [
                    (x_cuda_1,),
                    ([x_cuda, x_cuda_1],),
                ]

        @torch.jit.compile(nderivs=0)
        def fn(*args):
            in_vars, _ = torch._C._jit_flatten(args)
            return in_vars[0] + 1

        for i, config in enumerate(configurations):
            self.assertFalse(fn.has_trace_for(*config))
            fn(*config)
            self.assertTrue(fn.has_trace_for(*config))
            for unk_config in configurations[i + 1:]:
                self.assertFalse(fn.has_trace_for(*unk_config))
        self.assertEqual(fn.hits, 0)

    def test_cse(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4, 0.3], requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.tensor([0.7, 0.5], requires_grad=True)

        def fn(x, y):
            w = (x + y) * (x + y) * (x + y)
            t = torch.tanh(w) + torch.tanh(w)
            z = (x + y) * (x + y) * (x + y) + t
            return z

        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(fn, (x, y))
        self.run_pass('cse', trace)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (x, y))

    def test_scalar(self):
        # NB: must not require grad; if it requires grad, it's always a Tensor
        x = torch.tensor(2.)
        y = torch.tensor(3.)

        def fn(x, y):
            return x - y
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(fn, (x, y))

    def test_shape_analysis_broadcast(self):
        def broadcast(a, b):
            return a + b

        x = torch.randn(3, 1, 5, requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.randn(4, 1, 8, 5, requires_grad=True)

        graph = torch.jit.script(broadcast).graph
        torch._C._jit_pass_shape_analysis(graph, (x, y), False)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA_MULTI_GPU, "needs non-zero device")
    def test_fuse_last_device(self):
        device = 'cuda:' + str(1)
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], dtype=torch.float, device=device)
        y = torch.tensor([0.7], dtype=torch.float, device=device)

        def doit(x, y):
            return torch.sigmoid(torch.tanh(x * (x + y) + x))

        ge = self.checkTrace(doit, (x, y))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph_for(x, y))

    # TODO: update verify to work with GraphExecutors
    @unittest.skip("verify needs to be updated to work with GraphExecutors")
    def test_verify(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True)

        @torch.jit.compile
        def f(x, y):
            z = torch.sigmoid(x * (x + y))
            w = torch.abs(x * x * x + y) + Variable(torch.ones(1))
            return z, w

        torch.jit.verify(f, (x, y), loss_fn=lambda z, w: z * w, devices=[])

    def test_constant(self):
        x = torch.randn(2, 2, requires_grad=True)

        def f(x):
            return x.matmul(torch.diag(torch.tensor([2., 2.])))

        self.checkTrace(f, (x,), (torch.ones(2, 2, requires_grad=True),))

    def test_legacy_fail(self):
        class MyLegacyFn(Function):
            def forward(self, x):
                return x

            def backward(self, grad_output):
                return grad_output

        x = torch.tensor([0.], requires_grad=True)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "MyLegacyFn"):
            torch.jit.get_trace_graph(lambda x: MyLegacyFn()(x), (x,))

    def test_inplace_transplant(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.], requires_grad=True)

        def fn(x):
            y = x.clone()
            y.add_(2)
            y.add_(3)
            return y

        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(fn, (x,))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (x,))

    def test_inplace_flags(self):
        class InplaceFn(Function):
            @staticmethod
            def forward(ctx, x):
                ctx.mark_dirty(x)
                return x.add_(1)

            @staticmethod
            def backward(ctx, go):
                return go

        class RegularFn(Function):
            @staticmethod
            def forward(ctx, x):
                return x.add(1)

            @staticmethod
            def backward(ctx, go):
                return go

        x = torch.tensor([0.], requires_grad=True)

        def fn(x):
            y = RegularFn.apply(x)
            y = InplaceFn.apply(y)
            y = InplaceFn.apply(y)
            y = RegularFn.apply(y)
            return y

        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(fn, (x,))
        self.run_pass('dce', trace)
        ops = [n for n in trace.graph().nodes()]
        for op in ops:
            self.assertTrue(op.hasAttribute('inplace'))
        inplace_flags = [False, True, True, False]
        for op, is_inplace in zip(ops, inplace_flags):
            self.assertEqual(op.i('inplace'), is_inplace)

    def test_inplace_check(self):
        class MyInplaceFn(Function):
            @staticmethod
            def forward(self, x):
                x.add_(1)
                self.mark_dirty(x)
                return x

            @staticmethod
            def backward(self, grad):
                return grad

        def fn(x):
            return MyInplaceFn.apply(x)

        x = torch.randn(5, 5)
        ge = torch._C.GraphExecutor(fn, (x,))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'inplace MyInplaceFn'):
            ge(x)

    def do_trace_size(self, requires_grad):
        def fn(x):
            return x.view(x.shape[1] * 2, x.size(0), 2)

        x = torch.randn(5, 2, 4, requires_grad=requires_grad)
        y = torch.randn(4, 8, 4, requires_grad=requires_grad)

        # Check that it behaves as expected
        traced_fn = torch.jit.trace(x)(fn)
        self.assertEqual(traced_fn(y), fn(y))
        self.assertEqual(traced_fn(x), fn(x))

        # Check that the trace looks ok
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(fn, (x,))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)

    def test_trace_size(self):
        self.do_trace_size(False)

    # test the different graph_executor path that happens when
    # gradients are required and sizes are involved
    def test_trace_size_with_grad(self):
        self.do_trace_size(True)

    # TODO: implement
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_output_unflatten(self):
        """Check that outputs of traced functions retain the original structure and nesting"""
        def fn(x):
            return (x * 2, (x ** 2, x + 4, (x + 2,), ), x * 4)

        self.checkTrace(fn, (torch.randn(2, 2),))

    # TODO: implement
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_input_flatten(self):
        """Check that inputs to traced functions are flattened"""

        def fn(x, t):
            y, z = t
            return x * y * z

        inputs = (torch.randn(1), (torch.randn(1), torch.randn(1)))
        self.checkTrace(fn, inputs)

    # TODO: adapt to a GraphExecutor test
    @unittest.skip("Need to instrument GraphExecutors a bit more")
    def test_flags(self):
        x, y = torch.randn(2, 2)
        y = Variable(torch.randn(2, 2))

        @torch.jit.compile
        def fn(x, y):
            return (x * x + y * y + x * y).sum()

        grads = {}
        for rx, ry in product((True, False), repeat=2):
            x.requires_grad = rx
            y.requires_grad = ry

            self.assertFalse(fn.has_trace_for(x, y))
            out = fn(x, y)

            self.assertFalse(fn.has_trace_for(x, y))
            for v, name, compute in [(x, 'x', rx), (y, 'y', ry)]:
                if not compute:
                    continue
                grad_v, = torch.autograd.grad(out, v, retain_graph=True)
                expected_grad = grads.setdefault(name, grad_v)
                self.assertEqual(grad_v, expected_grad)
            self.assertEqual(fn.has_trace_for(x, y), rx or ry)

    def test_python_ir(self):
        x = torch.tensor([0.4], requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.tensor([0.7], requires_grad=True)

        def doit(x, y):
            return torch.sigmoid(torch.tanh(x * (x + y)))

        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(doit, (x, y))
        self.run_pass('dce', trace)
        self.run_pass('canonicalize', trace)
        g = trace.graph()
        g2 = torch._C.Graph()
        g_to_g2 = {}
        for node in g.inputs():
            g_to_g2[node] = g2.addInput()
        for node in g.nodes():
            n_ = g2.createClone(node, lambda x: g_to_g2[x])
            g2.appendNode(n_)
            for o, no in zip(node.outputs(), n_.outputs()):
                g_to_g2[o] = no

        for node in g.outputs():
            g2.registerOutput(g_to_g2[node])

        t_node = g2.create("prim::TensorTest").t_("a", torch.ones([2, 2]))
        self.assertEqual(t_node.attributeNames(), ["a"])
        g2.appendNode(t_node)
        self.assertTrue(torch.equal(torch.ones(2, 2), t_node.t("a")))
        self.assertExpected(str(g2))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "cpp tests require CUDA")
    def test_cpp(self):
        # rather than rebuild assertExpected in cpp,
        # just glob all the cpp outputs into one file for now
        self.assertExpected(torch._C._jit_run_cpp_tests())

    def test_batchnorm(self):
        x = torch.ones(2, 2, 2, 2)
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(nn.BatchNorm2d(2), x)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)

    def test_dropout(self):
        x = torch.ones(2, 2)
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(nn.Dropout(0.6), x)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)

    def test_conv(self):
        x = torch.ones(20, 16, 50, 40)
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(nn.Conv2d(16, 13, 3, bias=False), x)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)

    def test_repeated_input(self):
        def fn(a, b):
            return a + b

        ge = self.checkTrace(fn, [torch.randn(2, 2)] * 2)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph)

    def test_repeated_output(self):
        def fn(a, b):
            z = a + b
            return z, z

        ge = self.checkTrace(fn, [torch.randn(2, 2) for _ in range(2)])
        self.assertExpectedGraph(ge.graph)

    @skipIfNoTorchVision
    def test_alexnet(self):
        x = torch.ones(1, 3, 224, 224)
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(torchvision.models.AlexNet(), x)
        self.run_pass('cse', trace)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)

    # Inplace copies don't work with tracer yet.
    # This is actually somewhat important to support correctly
    # as all backwards functions of views are implemented
    # as a zero filled tensor with a gradient fill on the
    # viewed portion.
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_inplace_copy(self):
        x = torch.randn(4, 4, requires_grad=True)

        def f(x):
            out = Variable(torch.zeros(x.size()))
            out.copy_(x)
            return out

        trace, z = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(f, (x, ))
        self.run_pass('dce', trace)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (x,))

    def test_shared_param(self):

        class MyModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(MyModule, self).__init__()
                self.b = self.a = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2, 2))

            def forward(self, x):
                return x * self.a + self.b

        m = MyModule()
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(m, (torch.randn(2, 2),))
        self.assertEqual(len(list(trace.graph().inputs())), 2)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)

    def test_nested_inplace(self):
        x = torch.randn(2, 2)
        trace, _ = torch.jit.get_trace_graph(lambda x: F.threshold(x, 0, 0, inplace=True), (x,))
        self.assertExpectedGraph(trace)
        self.assertExportImport(trace, (x,))

    def run_ge_tests(self, optimize, use_cuda):
        def rand(*args):
            t = torch.rand(*args).float()
            if use_cuda:
                t = t.cuda()
            return t
        self.checkTrace(lambda a, b: a * b + b,
                        [rand(1), rand(1)], [rand(2, 3), rand(2, 3)],
                        optimize=optimize)
        # trivial identity
        self.checkTrace(lambda a, b: (
            b, a), [rand(1), rand(1)], optimize=optimize)

        def foo(a):
            t = a * a
            return t * t, 4 * t
        self.checkTrace(foo, [rand(1)], optimize=optimize)
        # unused input
        self.checkTrace(
            lambda a, b: a * a, [rand(1), rand(1)], optimize=optimize,
            allow_unused=True)
        # test outputs that do not get used in grad
        self.checkTrace(foo, [rand(1)], drop=1, optimize=optimize)
        # test autograd fallback
        self.checkTrace(lambda a, b: a * b /
                        (a - 2 * b) + b, [rand(1), rand(1)],
                        optimize=optimize)

    def test_ge_unoptimized(self):
        self.run_ge_tests(False, False)

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    def test_ge_optimized(self):
        self.run_ge_tests(True, False)

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "requires CUDA")
    def test_ge_cuda(self):
        self.run_ge_tests(True, True)

    # more manual test of graph executor that can be used as a scratchpad
    def test_ge(self):
        def foo(a, b):
            return a * b / (a - b) + b
        V = Variable
        a, b = V(torch.rand(1)), V(torch.rand(1))
        ge = torch._C.GraphExecutor(foo, (a, b))
        a, b = V(torch.rand(1), requires_grad=True), V(
            torch.rand(1), requires_grad=True)
        r, = ge(a, b)
        da, db = torch.autograd.grad(r + 3, [a, b], create_graph=True)

        l2 = (da * db + db * db)
        g2result = torch.autograd.grad(l2, [da, db])

        r = foo(a, b)
        da2, db2 = torch.autograd.grad(r + 3, [a, b], create_graph=True)
        self.assertEqual(da, da2)
        self.assertEqual(db, db2)
        l3 = (da2 * db2 + db2 * db2)
        g2result2 = torch.autograd.grad(l3, [da2, db2])
        self.assertEqual(g2result, g2result2)

    def test_trace_annotation(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(1))
        def foo(a):
            return a + a + a

        x = torch.randn(5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(foo(x), x + x + x)

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "calls .cuda()")
    def test_traced_module(self):
        class Model(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, num_features, num_layers):
                super(Model, self).__init__()
                self.num_layers = num_layers
                layers = [[nn.Linear(num_features, num_features), nn.Sigmoid()]
                          for _ in range(num_layers)]
                self.submodule = nn.Sequential(*chain(*layers))

            def forward(self, x):
                for i in range(self.num_layers):
                    x = self.submodule[i](x) + x
                return x

        model = Model(5, 3)
        x = torch.randn(2, 5)
        traced_model = torch.jit.trace(x)(model)

        # We're missing some attributes these modules had initially. Make sure we can
        # still get the __repr__()
        model.__repr__()

        # XXX: indexing sequentials is broken
        linear_submodule = next(iter(traced_model.submodule._modules.values()))

        # All attributes that aren't parameters should raise
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            linear_submodule.in_features
        linear_submodule.weight
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            traced_model.asdf = 4
        linear_submodule.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(linear_submodule.weight.shape))
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            del linear_submodule.weight

        # Submodules can't be called
        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            linear_submodule(x)

        # Type casts
        linear_submodule.cuda()
        traced_model.float().cuda()
        cuda_out = traced_model(x.float().cuda())
        traced_model.cpu()
        cpu_out = traced_model(x.float())
        self.assertEqual(cpu_out, cuda_out)
        traced_model.double()

        # state_dict + load_state_dict
        state = {k: v.clone() for k, v in traced_model.state_dict().items()}
        new_state = {k: v.clone().fill_(1) for k, v in state.items()}
        out = traced_model(x)
        traced_model.load_state_dict(new_state)
        out_ones = traced_model(x)
        traced_model.load_state_dict(state)
        out_state = traced_model(x)
        self.assertEqual(out, out_state)
        self.assertNotEqual(out, out_ones)

    def test_python_function(self):
        class MyFn(Function):
            @staticmethod
            def forward(ctx, x):
                return x + 1

            @staticmethod
            def backward(ctx, grad_output):
                return grad_output

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(2))
        def fn(x):
            return MyFn.apply(x + 2) + 3

        x = torch.tensor([1., 2., 3.])
        y = torch.randn(2, 2, requires_grad=True)
        fn(x)
        fn(y)

    def test_decompose_addmm(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def addmm(mat, mat1, mat2, alpha, beta):
            a = mat.addmm(mat1, mat2)
            b = mat.addmm(mat1, mat2, alpha=1.0, beta=1.0)
            c = mat.addmm(mat1, mat2, alpha=4.20, beta=2.0)
            d = mat.addmm(mat1, mat2, alpha=int(alpha), beta=int(beta))

            return a + b + c + d

        mat = torch.randn(2, 2)
        mat1 = torch.randn(2, 4)
        mat2 = torch.randn(4, 2)
        alpha = torch.FloatTensor([123.0])
        beta = torch.FloatTensor([321.0])

        out_ref = addmm(mat, mat1, mat2, alpha, beta)
        self.run_pass('decompose_addmm', addmm.graph)
        out_test = addmm(mat, mat1, mat2, alpha, beta)
        self.assertEqual(out_ref, out_test)
        self.assertExpected(canonical(addmm.graph))

    def test_index_put(self):
        ten = torch.zeros(3, 3)
        mask = torch.Tensor([[True, True, True],
                             [True, False, False],
                             [True, True, False]]).byte()

        def test_fn(ten, mask):
            ten[mask] = torch.ones(6)
            return ten

        traced_test_fn = torch.jit.trace(ten, mask)(test_fn)

        ten = torch.rand(3, 3)
        self.assertEqual(test_fn(ten, mask), traced_test_fn(ten, mask))


class TestBatched(TestCase):
    # generate random examples and create an batchtensor with them
    def rand_batch(self, *dims):
        dims = [dim for dim in dims if dim != ()]
        xs = [torch.rand(1, *(random.randint(1, size) if b else size for b, size in dims[1:])) for i in range(dims[0])]
        xb = BatchTensor(xs, torch.tensor([b for b, d in dims[1:]]))
        return xs, xb

    def test_create_batchtensor(self):
        # create from tensorlist
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (True, 3), (False, 2), (True, 5))
        self.assertEqual(xs, batch.examples())
        # create from data, mask, dims
        batch2 = BatchTensor(batch.get_data(), batch.get_mask(), batch.get_dims())
        self.assertEqual(xs, batch2.examples())
        # expand a tensor to a batchtensor given batch_size
        xs = torch.rand(3, 4, 5)
        batch3 = BatchTensor(xs, 2)
        xs = xs.unsqueeze(0)
        self.assertEqual([xs, xs], batch3.examples())

    def test_batch_elementwise_unary(self):
        @torch.jit.batch(batch_size=4)
        def tanh(a):
            return torch.tanh(a)

        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (True, 3), (False, 2))
        res_batch = tanh(batch)
        res = [torch.tanh(xs[j]) for j in range(4)]
        self.assertEqual(res, res_batch.examples())

    def test_batch_elementwise_binary(self):
        @torch.jit.batch(batch_size=4)
        def mul(a, b):
            return a * b

        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (True, 3), (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = xs, batch
        res_batch = mul(batch, batch2)
        res = [torch.mul(xs[j], xs2[j]) for j in range(4)]
        self.assertEqual(res, res_batch.examples())

        # test broadcast
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 3), (False, 2))
        b = torch.rand(3, 2)
        res_batch = mul(batch, b)
        res = [torch.mul(xs[j], b) for j in range(4)]
        self.assertEqual(res, res_batch.examples())

    def test_batch_mm(self):
        @torch.jit.batch(batch_size=4)
        def mm(a, b):
            return torch.mm(a, b)

        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (True, 3), (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2), (True, 3))
        res_batch = mm(batch, batch2)
        res = [torch.mm(xs[j].squeeze(0), xs2[j].squeeze(0)).unsqueeze(0) for j in range(4)]
        self.assertEqual(res, res_batch.examples())

        # test broadcast
        b = torch.rand(2, 4)
        res_batch = mm(batch, b)
        res = [torch.mm(xs[j].squeeze(0), b).unsqueeze(0) for j in range(4)]
        self.assertEqual(res, res_batch.examples())

    def test_batch_matmul(self):
        @torch.jit.batch(batch_size=4)
        def matmul(a, b):
            return torch.matmul(a, b)

        def matmul_test(xs, batch, xs2, batch2):
            ys = [torch.matmul(xs[j].squeeze(0), xs2[j].squeeze(0)).unsqueeze(0) for j in range(4)]
            ybs = matmul(batch, batch2)
            self.assertEqual(ys, ybs.examples())

        # 1 dimension * 1 dimension
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2))
        matmul_test(xs, batch, xs2, batch2)
        # 1 dimension * 2 dimension
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2), (True, 3))
        matmul_test(xs, batch, xs2, batch2)
        # 2 dimension * 1 dimensions
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (True, 3), (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2))
        matmul_test(xs, batch, xs2, batch2)
        # 2 dimension * 2 dimension
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (True, 3), (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 2), (True, 3))
        matmul_test(xs, batch, xs2, batch2)

    def test_batch_where(self):
        @torch.jit.batch(batch_size=4)
        def where(c, a, b):
            return torch.where(c, a, b)

        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 3), (False, 2))
        xs2, batch2 = self.rand_batch(4, (False, 3), (False, 2))

        dims = [4, (False, 3), (False, 2)]
        xs_cond = [torch.rand(1, 3, 2).byte() for i in range(dims[0])]
        batch_cond = BatchTensor(xs_cond, torch.tensor([b for b, d in dims[1:]]))

        res_batch = where(batch_cond, batch, batch2)
        res = [torch.where(xs_cond[j], xs[j], xs2[j]) for j in range(4)]
        self.assertEqual(res, res_batch.examples())

    @unittest.skip("Need support for scalar arguments")
    def test_lstm_cell(self):
        def LSTMCell(x, h, c, w_xi, w_xf, w_xo, w_xc, w_hi, w_hf, w_ho, w_hc, b_i, b_f, b_o, b_c):
            i_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xi) + torch.matmul(h, w_hi) + b_i
            f_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xf) + torch.matmul(h, w_hf) + b_f
            o_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xo) + torch.matmul(h, w_ho) + b_o
            # activations
            i_t = torch.sigmoid(i_t)
            f_t = torch.sigmoid(f_t)
            o_t = torch.sigmoid(o_t)
            # cell computations
            c_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xc) + torch.matmul(h, w_hc) + b_c
            c_t = torch.tanh(c_t)
            c_t = torch.mul(c, f_t) + torch.mul(i_t, c_t)
            h_t = torch.mul(o_t, torch.tanh(c_t))
            return h_t

        @torch.jit.batch(batch_size=4)
        def LSTMCell_batch(x, h, c, w_xi, w_xf, w_xo, w_xc, w_hi, w_hf, w_ho, w_hc, b_i, b_f, b_o, b_c):
            i_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xi) + torch.matmul(h, w_hi) + b_i
            f_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xf) + torch.matmul(h, w_hf) + b_f
            o_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xo) + torch.matmul(h, w_ho) + b_o
            # activations
            i_t = torch.sigmoid(i_t)
            f_t = torch.sigmoid(f_t)
            o_t = torch.sigmoid(o_t)
            # cell computations
            c_t = torch.matmul(x, w_xc) + torch.matmul(h, w_hc) + b_c
            c_t = torch.tanh(c_t)
            c_t = torch.mul(c, f_t) + torch.mul(i_t, c_t)
            h_t = torch.mul(o_t, torch.tanh(c_t))
            return h_t

        batch_size, input_size, hidden_size = 4, 3, 2
        xs, batch = self.rand_batch(batch_size, (False, input_size))
        hx, h_batch = self.rand_batch(batch_size, (False, hidden_size))
        cx, c_batch = self.rand_batch(batch_size, (False, hidden_size))

        # input to hidden weights
        w_xi = torch.rand(input_size, hidden_size)
        w_xf = torch.rand(input_size, hidden_size)
        w_xo = torch.rand(input_size, hidden_size)
        w_xc = torch.rand(input_size, hidden_size)
        # hidden to hidden weights
        w_hi = torch.rand(hidden_size, hidden_size)
        w_hf = torch.rand(hidden_size, hidden_size)
        w_ho = torch.rand(hidden_size, hidden_size)
        w_hc = torch.rand(hidden_size, hidden_size)
        # bias terms
        b_i = torch.rand(hidden_size)
        b_f = torch.rand(hidden_size)
        b_o = torch.rand(hidden_size)
        b_c = torch.rand(hidden_size)

        ys = [LSTMCell(xs[j].squeeze(0), hx[j], cx[j], w_xi, w_xf, w_xo, w_xc,
                       w_hi, w_hf, w_ho, w_hc, b_i, b_f, b_o, b_c) for j in range(batch_size)]
        ybs = LSTMCell_batch(batch, h_batch, c_batch, w_xi, w_xf, w_xo, w_xc,
                             w_hi, w_hf, w_ho, w_hc, b_i, b_f, b_o, b_c)
        self.assertEqual(ys, ybs.examples())


class TestScript(JitTestCase):
    @contextmanager
    def capture_stdout(self):
        # No idea how to capture stdout from C++ on Windows
        if WINDOWS:
            yield ['']
            return
        import os
        import fcntl
        import errno
        sys.stdout.flush()
        stdout_fd = os.dup(1)
        r, w = os.pipe()
        try:
            # Override stdout with r - dup is guaranteed to return the lowest free fd
            os.close(1)
            os.dup(w)

            captured_stdout = ['']
            yield captured_stdout
            sys.stdout.flush()  # Make sure that Python hasn't buffered anything

            # Do the ugly dance to read all the data that was written into the pipe
            fcntl.fcntl(r, fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NONBLOCK)
            total_stdout = ''
            while True:
                try:
                    total_stdout += os.read(r, 1000).decode('ascii')
                except OSError as e:
                    if e.errno != errno.EAGAIN:
                        raise
                    break
            captured_stdout[0] = total_stdout
        finally:
            # Revert the change, and clean up all fds
            os.close(1)
            os.dup(stdout_fd)
            os.close(stdout_fd)
            os.close(r)
            os.close(w)

    def checkScript(self, script, inputs, optimize=True, outputs=None, name='func', capture_output=False, frames_up=1):
        if isinstance(script, str):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit(script, optimize, _frames_up=frames_up)
            ge = getattr(cu, name)
        else:
            if capture_output:
                with self.capture_stdout() as captured:
                    outputs = script(*inputs)
            else:
                outputs = script(*inputs)
            # Check the string frontend first
            source = textwrap.dedent(inspect.getsource(script))
            self.checkScript(source, inputs, optimize, outputs, script.__name__, capture_output, frames_up=2)
            # Continue checking the Python frontend
            ge = torch.jit.script(script, optimize, _frames_up=1)

        if capture_output:
            with self.capture_stdout() as captured:
                outputs_ge = ge(*inputs)
            if not WINDOWS:
                self.assertExpected(captured[0], subname='stdout')
        else:
            outputs_ge = ge(*inputs)
        self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_ge)

    def test_script_cu(self):
        cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def foo(a):
                b = a
                return b
        ''')
        a = Variable(torch.rand(1))
        self.assertEqual(a, cu.foo(a))

    def test_script_annotation(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(a):
            return a + a + a
        s = Variable(torch.rand(2))
        self.assertEqual(s + s + s, foo(s))

    def test_add(self):
        def func(a, b):
            c = a + b
            c += a
            return c

        a = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        b = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, (a, b), optimize=True)

    def test_mul(self):
        def func(a, b):
            return a * b

        a = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        b = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, (a, b), optimize=True)

    @unittest.skipIf(not PY35, "Python 3.5 needed")
    def test_matmul_py3(self):
        code = dedent("""
        def fn(a, b):
            return a @ b
        """)

        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
            script_path = os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'script.py')
            with open(script_path, 'w') as f:
                f.write(code)
            fn = get_fn('test_matmul_py3', script_path)

            a = torch.rand(4, 3, requires_grad=True)
            b = torch.rand(3, 2, requires_grad=True)
            self.checkScript(fn, (a, b), optimize=True)

    def test_pow(self):
        def func(a, b):
            return a ** b

        def func2(a, b, c, d):
            return c + a ** b ** d

        a = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        b = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        c = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        d = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, (a, b), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func2, (a, b, c, d), optimize=True)

    def test_triple(self):
        def func(x):
            return 3. * x

        x = torch.rand(1, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, [x], optimize=True)

    def test_slice(self):
        def func(x):
            return x[:5]

        x = torch.rand(10, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, [x], optimize=True)

    def test_gather(self):
        def func(x):
            return x[0]

        x = torch.rand(10, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, [x], optimize=True)

    def test_keyword(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def func(x):
            return torch.sum(x, dim=0)

        x = torch.rand(10, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        y = func(x)
        y2 = torch.sum(x, dim=0)
        self.assertEqual(y, y2)

    # TODO: renable when we support passing literals to script fns
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_literal_xfail(self):
        def func4(a, b):
            c = 0, (0, 0)
            x = True
            while x:
                x = False
                c = a, (a, b)
            d, e = c
            f, g = e
            return d + f + g

        self.checkScript(func4, (a, b), optimize=True)

    def test_literal(self):
        def func(a, b):
            c = [a, b]
            d, e = c
            return d + e

        def func2(a, b):
            c = a, b
            d, e = c
            return d + e

        def func3(a, b):
            c = a, (a, b)
            d, e = c
            f, g = e
            return d + f + g

        a = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        b = torch.rand(1, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, (a, b), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func2, (a, b), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func3, (a, b), optimize=True)

    def test_expand(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def func(x, y):
            return x + y

        x = torch.rand(2, 3, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.rand(3, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        out = func(x, y)
        self.assertEqual(func(x, y), x + y)

        grad = torch.randn(2, 3, dtype=torch.float)
        out.backward(grad)
        self.assertEqual(x.grad, grad)
        self.assertEqual(y.grad, grad.sum(dim=0))

    def test_sum(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def func(x):
            return x.sum(dim=[4])

        @torch.jit.script
        def func2(x):
            return x.sum(dim=4)

        self.assertExpected(canonical(func.graph), subname='1')
        # test that shape analysis is written correctly for sum with IntList[1] dim argument
        torch._C._jit_pass_shape_analysis(
            func2.graph, (torch.zeros(1, 1, 1, 1, 4),), False)
        self.assertExpected(canonical(func2.graph), subname='2')

    def test_cat(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def func(x):
            return torch.cat((x, x), dim=0)

        x = torch.rand(10, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        self.assertEqual(func(x), torch.cat((x, x), dim=0))

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "expected at most"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def func(x):
                return torch.cat((x, x), x, dim=0)

    def test_cat_lifts(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(x):
            return torch.cat([x, x], dim=1)

        @torch.jit.script
        def foo2(x):
            return torch.cat([], dim=1)

        @torch.jit.script
        def foo3(x):
            return torch.cat([x], dim=1)

        self.assertExpected(
            canonical(foo.graph) +
            canonical(foo2.graph) +
            canonical(foo3.graph))

    def test_func_call(self):
        script = '''
        def add(a, b):
            return a + b

        def mul(a, x):
            return a * x

        def func(alpha, beta, x, y):
            return add(mul(alpha, x), mul(beta, y))
        '''
        alpha = torch.rand(1, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        beta = torch.rand(1, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        x = torch.rand(3, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.rand(3, dtype=torch.float, requires_grad=True)
        outputs = alpha * x + beta * y
        # NOTE: cannot optimize yet because broadcasts are not inserted before the fuser runs
        self.checkScript(script, [alpha, beta, x, y], optimize=False, outputs=outputs)

    def test_view_shape_prop(self):
        cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
        def test_view_shape_prop(a):
            return view(a, size=[-1])
        ''')
        inputs = [torch.zeros(10, 10)]
        outputs = torch.zeros(100)

        real_outs = cu.test_view_shape_prop(*inputs)
        self.assertEqual(real_outs, outputs)

    def test_integral_shape_inference(self):
        cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
        def test_integral_shape_inference(a):
            return a / a
        ''')
        inputs = [torch.ones(10, 10).type(torch.LongTensor)]
        outputs = torch.ones(10, 10)

        self.assertEqual(cu.test_integral_shape_inference(*inputs), outputs)

    def test_fuser_multiple_blocks(self):
        cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
        def test_fuser_multiple_blocks(this, that, theother, meme):
            i = 0
            while i < 20:
                this = cat([this, meme], dim=0)
                that = cat([that, meme], dim=0)
                theother = cat([theother, meme], dim=0)
                i = i + 1
            return this, that, theother
        ''')

        inputs = [torch.ones(0, 10, 10)] * 3
        inputs += [torch.ones(1, 10, 10)]
        outputs = [torch.ones(20, 10, 10)] * 3

        self.assertEqual(cu.test_fuser_multiple_blocks(*inputs), outputs)

    def test_dropout_script(self):

        eg = torch.zeros(1, 2, 3, requires_grad=True)

        @torch.jit.trace(eg)
        def foo(x):
            x = torch.neg(x)
            return F.dropout(x)

        class MyDrop(nn.Module):
            def forward(self, x):
                return foo(x)

        f = io.BytesIO()
        torch.onnx.export(MyDrop(), (eg,), f, verbose=False)

    @unittest.skip("RuntimeError: VariableType::ID() not implemented")
    def test_cast(self):
        script = '''
        def to_int(x):
            return int(x)
        '''
        x = Variable(torch.FloatTensor([1.1, 2.3]), requires_grad=True)
        out = Variable(torch.IntTensor([1, 2]), requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(script, [x], optimize=True, outputs=[out], func='to_int')

    def test_python_frontend(self):
        def fn(x, y, z):
            q = None
            q = x + y - z.sigmoid()
            print(q)
            w = -z
            if not x and not y and z:
                m = x if not z else y
            while x < y > z:
                q = x
            return x

        ast = torch.jit.frontend.get_jit_ast(fn)
        self.assertExpected(str(ast))

    def _make_scalar_vars(self, arr, dtype):
        return [torch.tensor(val, dtype=dtype) for val in arr]

    def test_while(self):
        def func(a, b, max):
            while a < max:
                a = a + 1
                b = b + 1
            c = a + b
            return c

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1, 1, 10], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_fibb(self):
        def func(lim):
            first = 1
            second = 1
            i = 1
            somenum = 5
            dontmutateme = 3
            third = 0
            while i < lim:
                third = first + second
                first = second
                second = third
                j = 0
                while j < 10:
                    somenum = somenum * 2
                    j = j + 1
                i = i + j
                i = i + dontmutateme

            st = second + third
            fs = first + second
            zero = FIXME_zerol()
            return third + zero, st + zero, fs + zero

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([10], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_if(self):
        def func(a, b):
            zero = FIXME_zerol()
            d = 3
            if a > 10:
                a = zero + 3 + d
            else:
                b = zero + 3 + d
                d = 4
            c = a + b
            return c

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1, -1], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_if_for_in_range(self):
        def func(a, b):
            d = FIXME_zerol() + 3
            for _ in range(20):
                if a > 10:
                    a = 3 + d
                else:
                    b = 3 + d
                    d = FIXME_zerol() + 4
                c = a + b
            return d
        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1, -1], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_if_noelse(self):
        def func(a, b):
            if a > 10:
                a = 3 + b
            c = a + b
            return c

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([-1, 1], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_while_nonexistent_value(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "undefined value x"):
            torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def test_while(a, b):
                while a < 10:
                    a = a + x
                    b = b + 1
                return a + b
            ''')

    def test_while_nonexistent_cond_value(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "undefined value x"):
            torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def test_while(a, b):
                while a < x:
                    a = a + 1
                    b = b + 1
                return a + b
            ''')

    def test_while_write_outer_then_read(self):
        def func(a, b):
            while a < 10:
                a = a + 1
                b = a + 1
            return a + b

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([42, 1337], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_while_nest_if(self):
        def func(a, b):
            c = FIXME_zerol()
            while a < 10:
                a = a + 1
                b = b + 1
                if a > b:
                    c = -a
                else:
                    c = -b
            return c + 1

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([-1234, 4321], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_math_schema(self):
        # This should use the add(Tensor, Tensor) schema.
        # Also tests to see if alpha={1} is lifted correctly.
        def fn(x, y):
            return x + y

        graph = torch.jit.script(fn).graph
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)

    def test_math_tensor_number(self):
        # Test that 7 is casted to tensor, then casted to the
        # correct type, and finally added to x.
        def fn(x):
            return x + 7

        graph = torch.jit.script(fn).graph
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)

    def test_math_numbers(self):
        # Test that the numbers are casted to tensor,
        # added, and then casted back.
        def fn1(x):
            c = 7 + 8
            # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
            return torch.full([1], c)

        def fn2(x):
            c = 1.1 + 3.1
            # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
            return torch.full([1], c)

        graph1 = torch.jit.script(fn1).graph
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph1, subname="int")
        graph2 = torch.jit.script(fn2).graph
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph2, subname="float")

    def test_if_nest_while(self):
        def func(a, b):
            c = FIXME_zerol()
            if a > b:
                while a > b:
                    b = b + 1
                    c = -b
            return c

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([4321, 1234], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs, optimize=True)

    def test_script_for_in_range(self):
        def fn():
            c = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(100):
                c += i
            return c
        self.checkScript(fn, (), outputs=4950, optimize=True)

    def test_script_for_in_range_dynamic(self):
        def fn():
            c = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(100):
                # FIXME: i should really be IntType and not DynamicType in the frontend
                # In addition, i should be a scalar tensor (it has size (1,) atm)
                acc = FIXME_zerol()
                for j in range(i):
                    acc += j
                c += acc
            return c
        self.checkScript(fn, (), optimize=False)

    def test_script_for_in_range_ast(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def test_script_for_in_range_ast():
            c = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(100):
                acc = FIXME_zerol()
                for j in range(i):
                    acc += j
                c += acc
            return c

        self.assertEqual(test_script_for_in_range_ast(), 161700)

    def test_script_for_in_range_if_ast(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def test_script_for_in_range_if_ast(x):
            output = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(20):
                if i == 0:
                    output = x.unsqueeze(0)
                else:
                    output = torch.cat((output, x.unsqueeze(0)), dim=0)
            return output
        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([0], torch.int64)

        self.assertEqual(test_script_for_in_range_if_ast(*inputs).shape[0], 20)

    def test_script_None(self):
        def func(x):
            output = None
            output = x
            return output

        self.checkScript(func, [torch.arange(0, 2)], optimize=True)

    def test_script_clamp_none(self):
        # TODO: could not enable default/optional argument for None in JIT
        # result from Aten native python_default_init for clamp, it is used
        # in Aten but not in JIT, need to fix type/default arg system in ATen
        def test_script_clamp_max_none(x):
            return torch.clamp(x, min=None, max=2)

        def test_script_clamp_min_none(x):
            return torch.clamp(x, min=2, max=None)

        input = [torch.arange(0, 3)]
        self.checkScript(test_script_clamp_max_none, input, optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(test_script_clamp_min_none, input, optimize=True)

    def test_script_bool_constant(self):
        script = '''
        def test_script_bool_constant():
            a = True
            return a
        '''
        outputs = [1]
        self.checkScript(script, [], outputs[0], True, 'test_script_bool_constant')

    def test_ternary(self):
        def func(a, b):
            c = 3
            c = a + b if a > 3 else b
            return c

        inputs_true = self._make_scalar_vars([5, 2], torch.int64)
        inputs_false = self._make_scalar_vars([1, 0], torch.int64)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs_true, optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func, inputs_false, optimize=True)

    def test_print(self):
        def func(x, y):
            q = (x + y).sigmoid()
            print(q)
            w = -q
            return w * w

        x = torch.arange(4., requires_grad=True)
        y = torch.arange(0., 8, 2, requires_grad=True)
        self.checkScript(func, [x, y], optimize=True, capture_output=True)

    def test_multiple_assignment(self):
        def outer_func(x):
            return x * 2, x + 2

        @torch.jit.script
        def func(x):
            y, z = outer_func(x)
            return y + z

        x = torch.arange(4)
        self.assertEqual(func(x), x * 2 + x + 2)

    def test_literals(self):
        def func(a):
            return a.view(size=[1, 2, 3])

        a = torch.randn(6)
        self.checkScript(func, [a], optimize=True)

    def test_return(self):
        def no_return(a):
            a + 1

        def void_return(a):
            return

        def one_return(a):
            return a + 1.

        def multiple_returns(a):
            return a * 1., a * 2., a * 3.

        a = torch.randn(1, dtype=torch.float)
        self.checkScript(no_return, [a], optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(void_return, [a], optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(one_return, [a], optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(multiple_returns, [a], optimize=True)

    def test_error(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(a):
            return a.t()
        s = Variable(torch.rand(10))
        # XXX: this should stay quiet in stay propagation and only fail in the interpreter
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "failed in interpreter"):
            foo(s)

        @torch.jit.script
        def bar(c, b):
            return c / b

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "failed in interpreter"):
            bar(Variable(torch.rand(10), requires_grad=True), Variable(torch.rand(9), requires_grad=True))

    def test_binop_unsupported_error(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(NotSupportedError, "unsupported binary operator:"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def binop(x, y):
                # Replace this with another unsupported op when/if it gets supported
                return x << y

    def test_number_math(self):
        template = ('''
# int, int -> int
def func1():
    c = 8 {op} 2
    # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
    return torch.full([1], c)

def func2():
    c = 2 {op} 2
    # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
    return torch.full([1], c)

# float, float -> float
def func3():
    c = 3.14 {op} 0.125
    # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
    return torch.full([1], c)

def func4():
    c = 3.14 {op} 3.14
    # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
    return torch.full([1], c)
''')
        ops = ['+', '-', '*', '<', '<=', '>', '>=', '==', '!=']
        # TODO: turn this on for py3 (and add PY3 division semantics)
        ops_py2_only = ['/']
        if PY2:
            ops.extend(ops_py2_only)

        for op in ops:
            code = template.format(op=op)
            scope = {}
            exec(code, globals(), scope)
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit(code)

            self.assertEqual(cu.func1(), scope['func1']())
            self.assertEqual(cu.func2(), scope['func2']())
            self.assertEqual(cu.func3(), scope['func3']())
            self.assertEqual(cu.func4(), scope['func4']())

    def test_number_neg(self):
        # int -> int
        def func1():
            c = -8
            # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
            return torch.full([1], c)

        # float -> float
        def func2():
            c = -3.14
            # FIXME: return number instead of tensor
            return torch.full([1], c)

        self.checkScript(func1, (), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func2, (), optimize=True)

    def _test_tensor_number_math(self, device='cpu'):
        template = ('''
def func(t):
    return {lhs} {op} {rhs}
''')

        def test(op, const, swap_args):
            args = ('t', const)
            if swap_args:
                args = (const, 't')

            code = template.format(lhs=args[0], rhs=args[1], op=op)
            scope = {}
            exec(code, globals(), scope)
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit(code)
            self.assertEqual(cu.func(tensor), scope['func'](tensor))

        var_int = 2
        var_float = 1.4321

        ops = ['+', '-', '*', '<', '<=', '>', '>=', '==', '!=']
        # TODO: turn this on for py3 (and add PY3 division semantics)
        ops_py2_only = ['/']
        if PY2:
            ops.extend(ops_py2_only)

        float_tensor = torch.randn(5, 5, device=device)
        double_tensor = torch.randn(5, 5, dtype=torch.double, device=device)
        long_tensor = torch.randint(-5, 5, (5, 5), dtype=torch.long, device=device)
        long_tensor[long_tensor == 0] = 2

        tensors = [float_tensor, double_tensor, long_tensor]
        consts = [var_int, var_float]

        for op, tensor, const, swap_args in product(ops, tensors, consts, [True, False]):
            # FIXME: things like 2 / long_tensor are not implemented correctly
            # Look in torch/tensor.py to see how pytorch implements it.
            if op == '/' and tensor.data_ptr() == long_tensor.data_ptr():
                continue

            test(op, const, swap_args)

    def test_tensor_number_math(self):
        self._test_tensor_number_math()

    @unittest.skipIf(not RUN_CUDA, "No CUDA")
    def test_tensor_number_math_cuda(self):
        self._test_tensor_number_math(device='cuda')

    def test_python_call(self):
        def pyfunc(a):
            return a * 3.0

        cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
        def other_func(a):
            return a + a

        def test_call_python(a):
            b = pyfunc(a)
            b = other_func(b)
            i = 0
            step = 1
            while i < 10:
                b = pyfunc(b)
                if b > 3.0:
                    b = pyfunc(b)
                i = 11
            return b
        ''')
        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1], torch.float)
        outputs = self._make_scalar_vars([54], torch.float)

        self.assertEqual(cu.test_call_python(*inputs), outputs[0])

    def test_python_call_failure(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "undefined value pyfunc2"):
            def pyfunc(a):
                return a * 3.0

            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def other_func(a):
                return a + a

            def test_call_python(a):
                b = pyfunc(a)
                b = other_func(b)
                i = 0
                step = 1
                while i < 10:
                    b = pyfunc2(b)
                    if b > 3.0:
                        b = pyfunc(b)
                    i = 11
                return b
            ''')
            inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1], torch.float)
            outputs = self._make_scalar_vars([54], torch.float)

            self.assertEqual(cu.test_call_python(*inputs), outputs)

    def test_python_call_annotation(self):
        def pyfunc(a):
            return a * 3.0

        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(a):
            return pyfunc(a) + pyfunc(a)

        inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1], torch.float)
        outputs = self._make_scalar_vars([6], torch.float)
        self.assertEqual(foo(*inputs), outputs[0])

    def test_python_call_annoytation_failure(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "undefined value pyfunc2"):
            def pyfunc(a):
                return a * 3.0

            @torch.jit.script
            def foo(a):
                return pyfunc2(a) + pyfunc(a)

            inputs = self._make_scalar_vars([1], torch.float)
            outputs = self._make_scalar_vars([6], torch.float)

            self.assertEqual(foo(*inputs), outputs[0])

    def test_desugar_module(self):
        import torch.nn.functional as F

        def fn(x, slope):
            a = torch.abs(x)
            b = torch.nn.functional.prelu(x, slope)
            c = F.prelu(x, slope)
            return a, b, c

        x = torch.arange(-3., 4)
        slope = torch.tensor([0.5])
        self.checkScript(fn, [x, slope], optimize=True)

    def test_script_docstring(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def with_docstring(x):
            """test str"""
            y = x
            """y is the same as x"""
            return y
        self.assertEqual(with_docstring.__doc__, 'test str')

    def test_script_method_docstring(self):
        class A(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            @torch.jit.script_method
            def with_docstring(self, x):
                """test str"""
                y = x
                """y is the same as x"""
                return y
        a = A()
        self.assertEqual(a.with_docstring.__doc__, 'test str')

    def test_script_module(self):
        class M1(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M1, self).__init__(False)
                self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, thing):
                return self.weight + thing

        class PModule(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PModule, self).__init__()
                self.a = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2, 3))

            def forward(self, a):
                return self.a.mm(a)

        class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M2, self).__init__(False)
                # test submodule
                self.sub = M1()
                self.sub2 = PModule()
                # test parameters
                self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2, 3))
                self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2))
                # test defining a method from a string
                self.define("""
                    def hi(self, a):
                        return self.weight.mm(a)
                """)
            # test script methods

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def doit(self, input):
                # test use of parameter
                return self.weight.mm(input)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def doit2(self, input):
                return self.weight.mm(input)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, input):
                a = self.doit(input)
                b = self.doit2(input)
                c = self.hi(input)
                d = self.sub2(input)
                return a + b + self.bias + self.sub(a) + c + d
        m2 = M2()
        input = torch.randn(3, 2)
        a = m2.weight.mm(input)
        b = m2.weight.mm(input)
        c = m2.weight.mm(input)
        d = m2.sub2.a.mm(input)
        ref = a + b + m2.bias + m2.sub.weight + a + c + d
        self.assertEqual(ref, m2.forward(input))
        m2.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros_like(m2.weight))
        m2.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros_like(m2.bias))
        m2.sub.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros_like(m2.sub.weight))
        m2.sub2.a.data.zero_()
        self.assertEqual(torch.zeros(2, 2), m2.forward(torch.randn(3, 2)))

    def test_script_module_call_noscript(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.value = 1

            def foo(self):
                return torch.ones(2, 2) + self.value

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, input):
                return input + self.foo()

        m = M()
        input = torch.randn(2, 2)
        o = m(input)
        self.assertEqual(o, input + torch.ones(2, 2) + 1)
        # check that we can change python attributes
        # and that those changes are picked up in script methods
        m.value = 2
        o = m(input)
        self.assertEqual(o, input + torch.ones(2, 2) + 2)

    def test_script_module_nochange_submodule(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.sub = nn.Linear(5, 5)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, input):
                return self.sub(input)

        m = M()
        input = torch.randn(1, 5, 5)
        o = m(input)
        self.assertEqual(o, m.sub(input))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "cannot re-assign"):
            m.sub = nn.Linear(5, 5)

    def test_script_inline_trace_multiple_args(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)

            def forward(self, input, input2):
                return input + input2

        class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M2, self).__init__(False)
                self.m = torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(4, 3), torch.zeros(4, 3))(M())

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, inp):
                return self.m(inp, inp)

        m2 = M2()
        m2(torch.zeros(4, 3))

    def test_script_module_const(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):

            __constants__ = ['b', 'i', 'c']

            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.b = False
                self.i = 1
                self.c = 3.5

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self):
                return self.b, self.i, self.c

        m = M()
        o0, o1, o2 = m()
        self.assertEqual(o0, 0)
        self.assertEqual(o1, 1)
        self.assertEqual(o2, 3.5)

    def test_script_module_fail_const(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.b = False

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self):
                return self.b
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "is not usable in a script method"):
            M()

    def test_script_module_valid_consts(self):
        class Foo(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i']

            def __init__(self):
                super(Foo, self).__init__(False)
                self.a = 1
                self.b = 1.2
                self.c = False
                self.d = [nn.Linear(3, 4)]
                self.e = lambda x: x
                self.f = [3, 4, 5]
                self.assertTrue(type(self.f) is tuple)
                self.g = [3, (3, 4), 5]
                with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is not a valid constant"):
                    self.h = type(1)
                with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "is not a valid constant"):
                    self.i = (3, 4, {})

    def test_script_module_for(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['b']

            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.b = [1, 2, 3, 4]

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self):
                sum = FIXME_zerol()
                for i in self.b:
                    sum += i
                return sum

        m = M()
        self.assertEqual(m(), 10)

    def test_script_module_for2(self):
        class Sub(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Sub, self).__init__(False)
                self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, thing):
                return self.weight + thing

        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['mods']

            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.mods = nn.ModuleList([Sub() for i in range(10)])

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, v):
                for m in self.mods:
                    v = m(v)
                return v

        i = torch.Tensor(2)
        m = M()
        o = m(i)
        v = i
        for sub in m.mods:
            v = sub(v)
        self.assertEqual(o, v)

    def test_script_module_const_submodule_fail(self):
        class Sub(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Sub, self).__init__(False)
                self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, thing):
                return self.weight + thing

        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.mods = [Sub() for _ in range(10)]

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self):
                for _ in self.mods:
                    print(1)
                return 4

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "did you forget to add it __constants__"):
            M()

    def test_script_module_not_tuple(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['mods']

            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.mods = 1

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, v):
                for m in self.mods:
                    print(m)
                return v
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "cannot be used as a tuple"):
            M()

    def test_script_sequential_for(self):
        class Sub(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Sub, self).__init__(False)
                self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, thing):
                return self.weight + thing

        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['mods']

            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.mods = nn.Sequential(Sub(), Sub(), Sub())

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, v):
                for m in self.mods:
                    v = m(v)
                return v

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward2(self, v):
                return self.mods(v)

        i = torch.Tensor(2)
        m = M()
        o = m(i)
        v = i
        for sub in m.mods:
            v = sub(v)
        self.assertEqual(o, v)

        o2 = m.forward2(i)
        self.assertEqual(o2, v)

    def test_script_sequential_multi_output_fail(self):
        class Sub(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Sub, self).__init__(False)
                self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, thing):
                return self.weight + thing

        class ReturnMulti(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ReturnMulti, self).__init__(False)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return x, x, x

        class HaveSequential(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['someseq']

            def __init__(self):
                super(HaveSequential, self).__init__(False)
                self.someseq = nn.Sequential(
                    Sub(),
                    ReturnMulti(),
                    Sub()
                )

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return self.someseq(x)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "(Tensor, Tensor, Tensor)"):
            hs = HaveSequential()
            i = torch.Tensor(2)
            hs(i)

    def test_constant_as_attr(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['dim']

            def __init__(self):
                super(M, self).__init__(False)
                self.dim = 1

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, v):
                return torch.cat([v, v, v], dim=self.dim)
        v = torch.zeros(1, 1)
        self.assertEqual(torch.cat([v, v, v], dim=1), M()(v))

    class StarTestSumStarred(torch.nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(TestScript.StarTestSumStarred, self).__init__()

        def forward(self, *inputs):
            output = inputs[0]
            for i in range(1, len(inputs)):
                output += inputs[i]
            return output

    class StarTestReturnThree(torch.nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(TestScript.StarTestReturnThree, self).__init__()

        def forward(self, rep):
            return rep, rep, rep

    def test_script_star_expr(self):

        class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M2, self).__init__(True)
                self.m = torch.jit.trace(
                    torch.ones(4, 3), torch.ones(4, 3), torch.ones(4, 3))(TestScript.StarTestSumStarred())
                self.g = torch.jit.trace(torch.ones(4, 3))(TestScript.StarTestReturnThree())

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, rep):
                tup = self.g(rep)
                return self.m(*tup)

        m = M2()
        self.assertEqual(m(torch.zeros(4, 3)), 3 * torch.zeros(4, 3))

    def test_script_star_expr_string(self):
        class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M2, self).__init__(True)
                self.m = torch.jit.trace(
                    torch.ones(4, 3), torch.ones(4, 3), torch.ones(4, 3))(TestScript.StarTestSumStarred())
                self.g = torch.jit.trace(torch.ones(4, 3))(TestScript.StarTestReturnThree())

                self.define('''
            def forward(self, rep):
                tup = self.g(rep)
                return self.m(*tup)
                ''')

        m = M2()
        self.assertEqual(m(torch.zeros(4, 3)), 3 * torch.zeros(4, 3))

    class StarTestSumAndReturnThree(torch.nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(TestScript.StarTestSumAndReturnThree, self).__init__()

        def forward(self, *inputs):
            output = inputs[0]
            for i in range(1, len(inputs)):
                output += inputs[i]
            return output, output, output

    def test_script_star_assign(self):
        class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M2, self).__init__(True)
                self.g = torch.jit.trace(torch.ones(4, 3))(TestScript.StarTestSumAndReturnThree())
                self.define('''
            def forward(self, rep):
                head, *tail = self.g(rep)
                return head
                ''')

        m = M2()
        self.assertEqual(m(torch.zeros(4, 3)), 3 * torch.zeros(4, 3))

    def test_script_module_star_assign2(self):
        class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(M2, self).__init__(True)
                self.g = torch.jit.trace(
                    torch.ones(4, 3), torch.ones(4, 3), torch.ones(4, 3)
                )(
                    TestScript.StarTestSumAndReturnThree()
                )
                self.define('''
            def forward(self, rep):
                *head, tail = self.g(rep, rep, rep)
                return tail
                ''')

        m = M2()
        self.assertEqual(m(torch.ones(4, 3)), 3 * torch.ones(4, 3))

    def test_script_module_star_assign_fail_pythonop(self):

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "cannot be used as a tuple"):
            class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
                def __init__(self):
                    super(M2, self).__init__(True)

                    def myfunc():
                        return torch.zeros(1, 2, 3), torch.zeros(1, 2, 3)

                    self.define('''
                def forward(self, rep):
                    a, *b = myfunc()
                    return a
                    ''')

            m = M2()
            m(torch.zeros(4, 3))

    def test_script_module_star_assign_fail_builtin(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "cannot be used as a tuple"):
            class M2(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
                def __init__(self):
                    super(M2, self).__init__(True)

                    self.define('''
                def forward(self, rep):
                    a, *b = torch.neg(rep)
                    return a
                    ''')

            m = M2()
            m(torch.zeros(4, 3))

    def test_pack_padded_pad_packed_trace(self):
        from torch.nn.utils.rnn import pack_padded_sequence, pad_packed_sequence
        T, B, C = 3, 5, 7

        class PadPackedWrapper(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PadPackedWrapper, self).__init__()

            def forward(self, x, seq_lens):
                x = pack_padded_sequence(x, seq_lens)
                x, _ = pad_packed_sequence(x)
                return x

        x = np.ones((T, B, C))
        seq_lens = np.array([3, 3, 2, 2, 1], dtype=np.int32)
        # set padding value so we can test equivalence
        for b in range(B):
            if seq_lens[b] < T:
                x[seq_lens[b]:, b, :] = 0
        seq_lens = torch.from_numpy(seq_lens)
        x = torch.autograd.Variable(torch.from_numpy(x), requires_grad=True)

        m = PadPackedWrapper()
        m_traced = torch.jit.trace(x, seq_lens)(m)

        y = m(x, seq_lens)
        loss = torch.sum(y)
        loss.backward()
        grad = x.grad.clone()
        x.grad.zero_()

        y_traced = m_traced(x, seq_lens)
        loss_traced = torch.sum(y_traced)
        loss_traced.backward()
        grad_traced = x.grad.clone()

        self.assertEqual(y_traced, x)
        self.assertEqual(y_traced, y)
        self.assertEqual(grad, grad_traced)

        f = io.BytesIO()
        torch.onnx._export(m, (x, seq_lens), f, verbose=False)

    def test_pack_padded_wrong_types(self):
        from torch.nn.utils.rnn import pack_padded_sequence, pad_packed_sequence

        class PackPaddedWrapper(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PackPaddedWrapper, self).__init__()
                self.seq_lens = [3, 3, 3, 3]

            __constants__ = ['seq_lens']

            def forward(self, x):
                return pack_padded_sequence(x, self.seq_lens)

        m = PackPaddedWrapper()

        x = torch.rand(3, 4, 5)
        f = io.BytesIO()
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'PackPadded requires `lengths` to be a Tensor'):
            torch.onnx._export(m, (x,), f)

    def test_script_outputs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "cannot be used as a tuple"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def foo(a):
                c, d = a + a
                return c + d

        @torch.jit.script
        def return3():
            # FIXME: use number instead of tensor
            return torch.full([1], 1), torch.full([1], 2), torch.full([1], 3)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "too many values to unpack"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def bind2():
                a, b = return3()
                print(a)
                print(b)

    def test_script_chunk(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(a):
            b, c = torch.chunk(a, dim=0, chunks=2)
            return b
        v = torch.rand(10, 3)
        self.assertEqual(torch.chunk(v, dim=0, chunks=2)[0], foo(v))

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "too many values to unpack"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def foo(a):
                b, c = torch.chunk(a, dim=0, chunks=3)
                return b

    def test_rnn_trace_override(self):
        from torch.nn.utils.rnn import pack_padded_sequence, pad_packed_sequence
        num_layers = 3
        T, B, C = 11, 5, 7

        class RNNTraceWrapper(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, cell_type):
                super(RNNTraceWrapper, self).__init__()
                if cell_type == 'RNN':
                    self.rnn = torch.nn.RNN(input_size=C, hidden_size=C, num_layers=num_layers)
                elif cell_type == 'LSTM':
                    self.rnn = torch.nn.LSTM(input_size=C, hidden_size=C, num_layers=num_layers)
                elif cell_type == 'GRU':
                    self.rnn = torch.nn.GRU(input_size=C, hidden_size=C, num_layers=num_layers)

            def forward(self, x, seq_lens):
                x = pack_padded_sequence(x, seq_lens)
                x, _ = self.rnn(x)
                x, _ = pad_packed_sequence(x)
                return x

        for cell_type in ['RNN', 'LSTM', 'GRU']:
            x = torch.ones(T, B, C, requires_grad=True)
            seq_lens = torch.from_numpy(np.array([11, 3, 2, 2, 1], dtype=np.int32))

            m = RNNTraceWrapper(cell_type)
            m_traced = torch.jit.trace(x, seq_lens)(m)

            y = m(x, seq_lens)
            loss = torch.sum(y)
            loss.backward()
            grad = x.grad.clone()
            x.grad.zero_()

            y_traced = m_traced(x, seq_lens)
            loss_traced = torch.sum(y_traced)
            loss_traced.backward()
            grad_traced = x.grad.clone()

            self.assertEqual(y_traced, y)
            self.assertEqual(grad, grad_traced)

            f = io.BytesIO()
            torch.onnx._export(m, (x, seq_lens), f, verbose=False)

    def test_tuples(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(i):
            a = torch.chunk(i, dim=0, chunks=2)
            c = a
            # some nonsense with if-statements and loops to check
            # that tuple lowering doesn't fail
            if True:
                c = torch.chunk(i, dim=0, chunks=2)
            t0, t1 = c
            while False:
                t0, t1 = c
                c = torch.chunk(i, dim=0, chunks=2)
            return t0

        v = torch.rand(10, 3)
        self.assertEqual(torch.chunk(v, dim=0, chunks=2)[0], foo(v))

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"variable 'a' previously has type \(Tensor, Tensor\)"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def mixtypes(x):
                a = torch.chunk(x, dim=0, chunks=2)
                if True:
                    a = 4

    def test_type_annotations(self):
        def fn(x, y):
            # type: (Tensor, Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]
            return x, x * 2, x * 3

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"need 4 values .* found only 3"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def script_fn(x):
                x, y, z, w = fn(x, x)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"too many values .* need 2 but found 3"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def script_fn2(x):
                x, y = fn(x, x)

        def fn_unpack(x):
            y, z, w = fn(x, x)
            return y

        def fn_index(x):
            q = fn(x, x)
            return x

        x = torch.ones(2, 2)
        self.checkScript(fn_unpack, (x,), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(fn_index, (x,), optimize=True)

    def test_type_annotations_varargs(self):
        def fn_varargs(x, *args):
            return args[0] if args else x

        def fn1(x, y, z):
            return fn_varargs(x)

        def fn2(x, y, z):
            return fn_varargs(x, y)

        def fn3(x, y, z):
            return fn_varargs(x, y, z)

        x, y, z = [torch.randn(2, 2) for _ in range(3)]
        self.checkScript(fn1, (x, y, z), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(fn2, (x, y, z), optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(fn3, (x, y, z), optimize=True)

    @unittest.skipIf(not PY35, "Python 3.5 needed")
    def test_type_annotation_py3(self):
        import importlib.util

        code = dedent("""
        import torch
        from torch import Tensor
        from typing import Tuple

        def fn(x : torch.Tensor, y : Tensor, z) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]:
            return (x, y + z, z)
        """)

        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
            script_path = os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'script.py')
            with open(script_path, 'w') as f:
                f.write(code)
            fn = get_fn('test_type_annotation_py3', script_path)

            with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"expected Tensor, but got"):
                @torch.jit.script
                def bad_fn(x):
                    x, y = fn((x, x), x, x)
                    return y

            with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"too many values .* need 2 but found 3"):
                @torch.jit.script
                def bad_fn2(x):
                    x, y = fn(x, x, x)
                    return y

            with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"need 4 values .* found only 3"):
                @torch.jit.script
                def bad_fn3(x):
                    x, y, z, w = fn(x, x, x)
                    return y

            def good_fn(x):
                y, z, w = fn(x, x, x)
                return y, z, w

            self.checkScript(good_fn, (torch.ones(2, 2),), optimize=True)

    def test_type_annotation_module(self):
        class BaseModule(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def foo(self, x):
                # type: (Tensor) -> Tensor
                return x + 1

            def bar(self, x, y):
                # type: (Tensor, Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]
                return x + y, y

            def baz(self, x, y):
                return x

        class ModuleTooMany(BaseModule):
            @torch.jit.script_method
            def method(self, x):
                return self.foo(x, x)

        class ModuleTooFew(BaseModule):
            @torch.jit.script_method
            def method(self, x):
                return self.bar(x)

        class ModuleTooManyAssign(BaseModule):
            @torch.jit.script_method
            def method(self, x):
                y, z, w = self.bar(x, x)
                return x

        class ModuleDefault(BaseModule):
            @torch.jit.script_method
            def method(self, x):
                y = self.baz(x)
                return x

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "incorrect number of arguments: expected 1, but got 2"):
            ModuleTooMany()
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "incorrect number of arguments: expected 2, but got 1"):
            ModuleTooFew()
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "need 3 values .* found only 2"):
            ModuleTooManyAssign()
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "incorrect number of arguments: expected 2, but got 1"):
            ModuleDefault()

    def test_script_define_order(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def call_foo(self, input):
                return self.foo(input)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def foo(self, input):
                return input + 1
        m = M()
        self.assertEqual(2, m.call_foo(torch.ones((), dtype=torch.int64)))

    def test_script_define_order_recursive_fail(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def call_foo(self, input):
                return self.foo(input)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def foo(self, input):
                self.call_foo(input)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'called recursively involving'):
            M()

    # TODO: Use this when we support passing literals to script fns
    @unittest.expectedFailure
    def test_script_kwargs_fn_call(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                pass

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def call_foo(self, input):
                return self.foo(input=input, bar=1)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def foo(self, bar, input):
                return input + bar
        m = M()
        self.assertEqual(2, m.call_foo(torch.ones((), dtype=torch.int64)))

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    def test_trace_of_script(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(a, c):
            b = 0.0
            if a == 0.0:
                b = 1.0
            return b + c

        a = torch.ones(1, dtype=torch.float)

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.float))
        def use(b):
            return foo(b - 1.0, a) + 1.0

        # test we propagated shapes through the function
        self.assertTrue("Dynamic" not in str(use.graph))

        self.assertEqual(3, use(torch.ones(1, dtype=torch.float)))
        self.assertEqual(2, use(torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.float)))

    def test_if_define(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(a):
            if a == 0:
                b = 1
            else:
                b = 0
            return FIXME_zerol() + (b + 1)

        @torch.jit.script
        def foo2(a):
            b = 0
            if a == 0:
                b = 1
            return FIXME_zerol() + (b + 1)

        @torch.jit.script
        def foo3(a):
            b = 1
            if a == 0:
                c = 4
            else:
                b = 0
            return FIXME_zerol() + (b + 1)

        a = torch.ones(1, dtype=torch.long)
        b = torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.long)
        self.assertEqual(1, foo(a))
        self.assertEqual(2, foo(b))
        self.assertEqual(1, foo2(a))
        self.assertEqual(2, foo2(b))
        self.assertEqual(1, foo3(a))
        self.assertEqual(2, foo3(b))

    def test_onnx_export_script_module(self):
        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                y = x - x
                return x + x

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        outputs = mte(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
        self.assertExpected(torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            mte, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3),), None, verbose=False,
            example_outputs=outputs))

    def test_onnx_export_script_python_fail(self):
        class ModuleToInline(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToInline, self).__init__()

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.neg(x)

        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()
                self.mod = ModuleToInline()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                y = self.mod(x)
                return y + y

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        outputs = mte(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
        f = io.BytesIO()
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "Couldn't export Python operator"):
            torch.onnx._export(mte, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3),), f, verbose=False,
                               example_outputs=outputs)

    def test_onnx_export_script_inline_trace(self):
        class ModuleToInline(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToInline, self).__init__()

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.neg(x)

        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()
                self.mod = torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))(ModuleToInline())

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                y = self.mod(x)
                return y + y

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        outputs = mte(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
        self.assertExpected(torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            mte, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3),), None, verbose=False,
            example_outputs=outputs))

    def test_onnx_export_script_inline_script(self):
        class ModuleToInline(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToInline, self).__init__()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.neg(x)

        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()
                self.mod = ModuleToInline()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                y = self.mod(x)
                return y + y

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        outputs = mte(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
        self.assertExpected(torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            mte, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3),), None, verbose=False,
            example_outputs=outputs))

    def test_onnx_export_script_module_loop(self):
        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                for _ in range(100):
                    x = x + x
                return x

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        outputs = mte(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
        self.assertExpected(torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            mte, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3),), None, verbose=False,
            example_outputs=outputs))

    def test_onnx_export_script_module_if(self):
        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                if torch.sum(x) > 0:
                    x = torch.neg(x)
                return x

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        outputs = mte(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3, dtype=torch.long))
        self.assertExpected(torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            mte, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3),), None, verbose=False,
            example_outputs=outputs))

    def test_onnx_export_script_inline_params(self):
        class ModuleToInline(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToInline, self).__init__()
                self.m = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.ones(3, 3))
                self.unused = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.ones(1, 2, 3))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.m)

        class ModuleToExport(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ModuleToExport, self).__init__()
                self.mod = ModuleToInline()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.ones(3, 4))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                y = self.mod(x)
                return torch.mm(y, self.param)

        mte = ModuleToExport()
        result = mte(torch.zeros(2, 3))
        reference = torch.mm(torch.mm(torch.zeros(2, 3), torch.ones(3, 3)), torch.ones(3, 4))
        self.assertEqual(result, reference)
        self.assertExpected(torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            mte, (torch.ones(2, 3),), None, verbose=False,
            example_outputs=result, propagate=True))

    def test_trace_with_size(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(1, 1))
        def foo(x):
            return x + 1

        @torch.jit.script
        def bar(x):
            y = foo(x)
            if True:
                # FIXME: use number instead of tensor
                y = torch.full([1], 7)
            return y + 1

        self.assertEqual(8, bar(torch.ones(1, 1)))

    def test_index_select_shape_prop(self):

        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(x, y):
            return torch.index_select(x, index=y, dim=1)

        a = torch.zeros(2, 2)
        b = torch.zeros(4, dtype=torch.long)
        foo.graph.propagate_shapes((a, b), False)
        self.assertExpected(canonical(foo.graph))

    def test_onnx_export_speculate(self):

        class Foo(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self, m):
                super(Foo, self).__init__()
                self.m = m

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                x += x
                if True:
                    if True:
                        y = self.m(x)
                    else:
                        y = self.m(x)
                else:
                    y = self.m(x)
                return y

        linear = torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(1, 10, dtype=torch.float))(nn.Linear(10, 20).float())

        @torch.jit.script
        def transpose(x):
            return x.t()

        f1 = Foo(transpose)
        outputs_f1 = f1(torch.ones(1, 10, dtype=torch.float))
        f2 = Foo(linear)
        outputs_f2 = f2(torch.ones(1, 10, dtype=torch.float))

        onnx_ish = torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            f1,
            (torch.ones(1, 10, dtype=torch.float), ),
            None, verbose=False, example_outputs=outputs_f1)
        self.assertExpected(onnx_ish, subname='f1')
        onnx_ish = torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            f2,
            (torch.ones(1, 10, dtype=torch.float), ),
            None, verbose=False, example_outputs=outputs_f2)
        self.assertExpected(onnx_ish, subname='f2')

    def test_onnx_export_shape_reshape(self):
        class Foo(torch.nn.Module):
            def forward(self, x):
                import torch.onnx.operators
                x = x.repeat(5, 1, 1)
                shape = torch.onnx.operators.shape_as_tensor(x)
                reshaped = torch.onnx.operators.reshape_from_tensor_shape(x, shape)
                return reshaped

        foo = torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))(Foo())
        outputs = foo(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
        f = io.BytesIO()
        s = torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(foo, (torch.zeros(1, 2, 3)), f,
                                               example_outputs=outputs)
        self.assertExpected(s)

    def test_shape_analysis_loop(self):
        def foo(a, b, x):
            c = a
            # on the first iteration of the loop it appears that
            # c should have a expand to the size of b
            # but on the second+ iterations, there is no broadcast and the
            # sizes are different.
            # previously this would cause the compiler to (1) enter an infinite
            # loop trying to compute the shape, and (2) insert invalid
            # broadcasts.
            # this test ensure we don't regress on these issues
            for _ in range(2):
                a = c + b
                c = x
                b = x
            return a

        self.checkScript(foo, (torch.zeros(1), torch.zeros(4), torch.zeros(5)), optimize=False)

    def test_intlist_args(self):
        def func_1(x):
            return torch.nn.functional.adaptive_avg_pool1d(x, 1)

        def func_2(x):
            return torch.nn.functional.adaptive_avg_pool1d(x, output_size=1)

        def func_3(x):
            return torch.nn.functional.adaptive_avg_pool1d(x, output_size=[1])

        x = torch.randn(8, 8, 8)
        self.checkScript(func_1, [x], optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func_2, [x], optimize=True)
        self.checkScript(func_3, [x], optimize=True)

    def test_wrong_implicit_expand(self):

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(3), torch.zeros(1))
        def foo(a, b):
            return a + b

        a = torch.rand(4)
        b = torch.rand(4)
        self.assertEqual(a + b, foo(a, b))

    def test_builtin_args_fails(self):

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'expected at most'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f0(a):
                torch.sum(a, a, a, a)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'unknown keyword argument'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f1(a):
                torch.sum(foo=4)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'specified twice'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f2(a):
                torch.sum(a, self=a)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'not provided'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f3(a):
                torch.sum(dim=4)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'for argument \'tensors\' but found Tensor'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f4(a):
                torch.cat(a)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'argument \'tensors\' but found \\(\\(Tensor\\)\\)'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f5(a):
                torch.cat([[a]])

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'expected a value of type int\\[\\] for argument \'size\''):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f6(a):
                a.expand(size=[3, [4]])

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'xpected a value of type Tensor for argument \'self\''):
            @torch.jit.script
            def f7(a):
                torch.sum([4])

    def test_builtin_args(self):

        def t0(a):
            # default arg dim
            return torch.cat([a, a])

        self.checkScript(t0, (torch.zeros(1, 1),))

        def t1(a):
            # keywords out of order
            return torch.cat(dim=1, tensors=[a, a])

        self.checkScript(t1, (torch.zeros(1, 1, 2),))

        def t2(a):
            # mix const/non-const attributes
            if True:
                b = 1
            else:
                b = 0
            return torch.sum(a, dim=b, keepdim=False)

        self.checkScript(t2, (torch.zeros(1, 1, 2),))

    def test_gather_dynamic_index(self):
        def t(x):
            gather1 = x[0]
            idx = 0 + 1
            gather2 = x[idx]
            return gather1 + gather2

        self.checkScript(t, (torch.zeros(3, 2, 3),))

    def test_slice_dynamic_index(self):
        def t(x):
            slice1 = x[0:1]
            zero = 0
            one = zero + 1
            slice2 = x[zero:one]
            return slice1 + slice2

        self.checkScript(t, (torch.zeros(3, 2, 3),))

    def test_addmm_grad(self):
        """ This test checks several things:
            1. An expand node was inserted before the addmm operating on the
               bias term.
            2. The fused form of addmm appears in the ultimate graph that's
               executed.
            3. A sum op was emitted for accumulating gradients along the 0th
               (expanded) dimension of the bias term.
            4. The correct symbolic representation for the backward pass of the
               mm operator was emitted (x.t() -> mm)

            TODO: we should actually check these conditions once we have a way
            to dump the GraphExecutor state. Namely the processed forward graph
            and the backward graph.
        """
        @torch.jit.script
        def addmm_grad_test(b, x, w):
            return torch.addmm(b, x, w)

        # Initialize param and input values
        w_init = torch.rand(2, 5)
        b_init = torch.rand(5)
        x = torch.rand(3, 2)

        # Clone trainable params
        b = b_init.clone()
        b.requires_grad_()
        w = w_init.clone()
        w.requires_grad_()

        # Test symbolic differentiation
        y = addmm_grad_test(b, x, w)
        y.sum().backward()

        # clone params for autograd reference
        b_ref = b_init.clone()
        b_ref.requires_grad_()
        w_ref = w_init.clone()
        w_ref.requires_grad_()
        y_ref = torch.addmm(b_ref, x, w_ref)
        y_ref.sum().backward()

        self.assertEqual(w.grad, w_ref.grad)
        self.assertEqual(b.grad, b_ref.grad)

    def test_zeros(self):
        class M(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            __constants__ = ['d']

            def __init__(self):
                self.d = torch.device('cpu')

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def create(self):
                return torch.zeros([1, 1, 2], dtype=torch.float, device=self.d, layout=torch.strided)

        r = M().create()
        self.assertEqual(r.dtype, torch.float)
        self.assertEqual(torch.zeros([1, 1, 2], dtype=torch.float), r)

    @unittest.skipIf(IS_WINDOWS, "NYI: fuser support for Windows")
    def test_rand(self):

        def test_rand():
            a = torch.rand([3, 4])
            return a + 1.0 - a

        self.checkScript(test_rand, ())

    def test_erase_number_types(self):
        def func(a):
            b = 7 + 1 + 3
            c = a + b
            c += b
            return c

        graph = torch.jit.script(func).graph
        self.run_pass('erase_number_types', graph)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)

    def test_loop_unrolling(self):
        def fn(x):
            y = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(int(x)):
                y += i
            return y

        graph = torch.jit.script(fn).graph
        self.run_pass('loop_unrolling', graph)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(10),))

    def test_loop_unrolling_const(self):
        def fn():
            y = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(10):
                y += 1
            return y

        def fn2():
            y = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(10):
                y += i
            return y

        def check(fn, name):
            graph = torch.jit.script(fn).graph
            self.run_pass('loop_unrolling', graph)
            self.assertExpectedGraph(graph, subname=name)
            self.checkScript(fn, ())

        check(fn, 'add_const')
        check(fn2, 'add_iter')

    def test_loop_unrolling_nested(self):
        def fn(x):
            y = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(10):
                for j in range(int(x)):
                    y += j
            return y

        graph = torch.jit.script(fn).graph
        self.run_pass('loop_unrolling', graph)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(10),))

    def test_loop_unroll_unused_counter(self):
        def fn(x):
            y = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(int(x)):
                y += 1
            return y

        graph = torch.jit.script(fn).graph
        self.run_pass('loop_unrolling', graph)
        self.assertExpectedGraph(graph)

    def test_loop_unroll_negative(self):
        def fn(x):
            y = FIXME_zerol()
            for i in range(int(x)):
                y += 1
            return y

        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(-20),))
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(-2),))
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(-1),))
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(0),))
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(1),))
        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.tensor(2),))

    def test_where(self):
        def fn(x, y):
            return torch.where(x > 0.0, x, y)

        self.checkScript(fn, (torch.randn(3, 2, dtype=torch.float), torch.ones(3, 2, dtype=torch.float)))

    def test_reassign_module_lhs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Cannot re-assign \'self\' because it has type value and self is'
                                    ' not a first-class value.  Only reassignments to first-class values are allowed'):
            class ReassignSelfLHS(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
                @torch.jit.script_method
                def forward(self, x):
                    for i in range(20):
                        self = x
                    return self

            ReassignSelfLHS()

    def test_reassign_module_rhs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Cannot re-assign \'x\' to a value of type module because x is not a'
                                    ' first-class value.  Only reassignments to first-class values are allowed'):
            class ReassignSelfRHS(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
                @torch.jit.script_method
                def forward(self, x):
                    for i in range(20):
                        x = self
                    return self

            ReassignSelfRHS()

    def test_chunk_non_constant(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'argument \'chunks\' must be a constant'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def chunk_non_constant(x, y):
                return x.chunk(int(y))

    def test_unknown_builtin(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'unknown builtin op'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def unknown_builtin(x):
                return x.splork(3)

    def test_expected_tensor_found_tuple(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'expected a tensor value but found'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def return_tuple_wrong(x):
                a = (x, x)
                return a, x

    def test_method_no_self(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'methods must have a self argument'):
            class MethodNoSelf(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
                @torch.jit.script_method
                def forward():
                    return torch.zeros(3, 4)

            MethodNoSelf()

    def test_return_stmt_not_at_end(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'return statements can appear only at the end of the function body'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def return_stmt_wrong(x):
                if x > 3:
                    return 3
                else:
                    return x

    def test_for_range_no_arg(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'range\(\) expects 1 argument but got 0'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def range_no_arg(x):
                for i in range():
                    x += 1
                return x

    def test_list_iterables(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'List of iterables is not supported currently'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def list_iterables(x):
                for i, j in [2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7]:
                    x += i
                    x += j
                return x
            ''')

    def test_for_tuple_unpack(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Iteration variable unpacking is not supported'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def for_tuple_unpack(x, y):
                for i, j in [[3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8]]:
                    x += i
                    y += j
                return x, y
            ''')

    def test_single_starred_lhs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'A Starred expression may only appear on the lhs within the presence'
                                                  ' of another non-starred expression'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def single_starred_lhs(x):
                a = (x, x, x)
                *b = a
                return b
            ''')

    def test_multi_reduction(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'reductions are only allowed when there is a single variable on'
                                                  ' the left-hand side'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def multi_reduction(x):
                a, b += x
                return a, b
            ''')

    def test_invalid_call_arguments(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'arguments for call are not valid'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def invalid_call_arguments(x):
                return torch.unsqueeze(3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

    def test_invalid_lhs_assignment(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'lhs of assignment must be a variable or starred expression'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def invalid_lhs_assignment(x):
                x + 1 = x
                return x
            ''')

    def test_multi_starred_expr_lhs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Only one starred expression is allowed on the lhs'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def multi_starred_expr_lhs():
                a, *b, *c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
                return a
            ''')

    def test_pack_tuple_into_non_var(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Cannot pack a tuple into a non-variable'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def pack_tuple_into_non_var(x):
                a, *1 = (3, 4, 5)
                return x
            ''')

    def test_print_kwargs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'print doesn\'t accept any keyword arguments'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def print_kwargs(x):
                print(x, flush=True)
                return x
            ''')

    def test_builtin_use_as_value(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'builtin cannot be used as a value'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def builtin_use_as_value(x):
                return x.unsqueeze

    def test_wrong_use_as_tuple(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'cannot be used as a tuple'):
            def test_fn():
                return 3

            @torch.jit.script
            def wrong_use_as_tuple(self):
                a, b = test_fn
                return a

    def test_wrong_attr_lookup(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'attribute lookup is not defined on builtin'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def wrong_attr_lookup(self, x):
                a = x.unsqueeze.myattr
                return a

    def test_wrong_use_as_callable(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'cannot call a value'):
            @torch.jit.script
            def wrong_use_as_callable(x):
                return x(3, 4, 5)

    def test_wrong_python_kwarg_call(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'keyword arguments in Python calls aren\'t supported'):
            # NB: the only way I could get to this code path is if I made the
            # python function have 0 inputs, since we interpret all the inputs to
            # the function as inputs (including those with defaults) and not kwargs
            def test_fn():
                return 3

            @torch.jit.script
            def wrong_python_kwarg_call(self):
                return test_fn(attr=6)

    def test_python_val_doesnt_have_attr(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'object has no attribute abcd'):
            def test_fn():
                return 3

            @torch.jit.script
            def python_val_doesnt_have_attr():
                return test_fn.abcd

    def test_wrong_module_attr_lookup(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'unsupported attribute lookup on'):
            import io

            @torch.jit.script
            def wrong_module_attr_lookup():
                return io.BytesIO

    def test_wrong_method_call_inputs(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'argument \'y\' not provided'):
            class SomeModule(torch.jit.ScriptModule):

                @torch.jit.script_method
                def foo(self, x, y):
                    return x

                @torch.jit.script_method
                def forward(self, x, y):
                    return self.foo(x)
            SomeModule()

    def test_single_starred_expr_for_loop(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Starred unpacking is currently not supported for for loops'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def test():
                x = 0
                for *a in [1, 2, 3]:
                    x = x + 1
                return x
            ''')

    def test_duplicate(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Method \'test\' already defined'):
            cu = torch.jit.CompilationUnit('''
            def test():
                return 1

            def test():
                return 2
            ''')

    def test_call_ge(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'expected at most 1 arguments but found 3'):
            @torch.jit.trace(torch.zeros(1, 2, 3))
            def foo(x):
                return x

            @torch.jit.script
            def test_fn():
                return foo(torch.full([1], 1), torch.full([1], 2), torch.full([1], 3))

    def test_wrong_return_type(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, 'Python functions can currently only return Tensors'):
            def somefunc():
                # type: () -> Tuple[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]]
                return torch.zeros(3, 4), torch.zeros(4, 5)

            @torch.jit.script
            def wrong_return_type():
                return somefunc()

    # Tests for calling between different front-end modes
    def test_call_python_fn_from_tracing_fn(self):
        def python_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return python_fn(x) + 1

        # The neg op in the python function should be properly inlined to the
        # graph
        self.assertExpected(str(traced_fn.graph))

    def test_call_python_mod_from_tracing_fn(self):
        class PythonMod(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PythonMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        pm = PythonMod()

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return pm(x) + 1

        # Note: the parameter self.param from the Python module is inlined
        # into the graph
        self.assertExpected(str(traced_fn.graph))

    def test_call_traced_fn_from_tracing_fn(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn1(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return traced_fn1(x) + 1

        self.assertExpected(str(traced_fn.graph))

    def test_call_traced_mod_from_tracing_fn(self):
        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return tm(x) + 1

        # Note: the parameter self.param from the Python module is inlined
        # into the graph
        self.assertExpected(str(traced_fn.graph))

    def test_call_script_fn_from_tracing_fn(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return script_fn(x) + 1

        self.assertExpected(str(traced_fn.graph))

    def test_call_script_mod_from_tracing_fn(self):
        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        sm = ScriptMod()

        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return sm(x) + 1

        self.assertExpected(str(traced_fn.graph))

    def test_call_python_fn_from_traced_module(self):
        def python_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(python_fn(x), self.param)

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())

        # Note: parameter self.param from the traced module should appear as
        # an input to the graph and the neg op from the Python function should
        # be properly inlined
        self.assertExpected(str(tm.graph))

    def test_call_python_mod_from_traced_module(self):
        class PythonModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PythonModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(5, 7))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 5))
                self.mod = PythonModule()

            def forward(self, x):
                return self.mod(torch.mm(x, self.param)) + 1

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())

        # Note: the parameters from both modules should appear in the flattened
        # inputs of the graph. All ops from both modules should be inlined.
        self.assertExpected(str(tm.graph))

    def test_call_traced_fn_from_traced_module(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 5))

            def forward(self, x):
                return traced_fn(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())
        # Note: neg op from the traced function should be properly inlined
        self.assertExpected(str(tm.graph))

    def test_call_traced_module_from_traced_module(self):
        class TracedModule1(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule1, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(5, 7))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 5))
                self.mod = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 5))(TracedModule1())

            def forward(self, x):
                return self.mod(torch.mm(x, self.param)) + 1

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())

        # Note: the parameters from both modules should appear in the flattened
        # inputs of the graph. All ops from both modules should be inlined.
        self.assertExpected(str(tm.graph))

    def test_call_script_fn_from_traced_module(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def traced_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 5))

            def forward(self, x):
                return traced_fn(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())
        # Note: neg op from the script function should be properly inlined
        self.assertExpected(str(tm.graph))

    def test_call_script_module_from_traced_module(self):
        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(5, 7))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 5))
                self.mod = ScriptMod()

            def forward(self, x):
                return self.mod(torch.mm(x, self.param)) + 1

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())

        # Note: the parameters from both modules should appear in the flattened
        # inputs of the graph. All ops from both modules should be inlined.
        self.assertExpected(str(tm.graph))

    def test_call_python_fn_from_script_fn(self):
        def python_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return python_fn(x) + 1

        # Note: the call to python_fn appears as `^python_fn()` and is called
        # as a PythonOp in the interpreter
        self.assertExpected(str(script_fn.graph))

    def test_call_python_mod_from_script_fn(self):
        class PythonModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PythonModule, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(5, 7))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        pm = PythonModule()

        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return pm(x) + 1

        # Note: call to pm(x) appears as ^<python_value>() in the trace.
        # Parameters are NOT inlined.
        self.assertExpected(str(script_fn.graph))

    def test_call_traced_fn_from_script_fn(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return traced_fn(x) + 1

        # Note: the neg op from traced_fn should be properly inlined into the
        # script function's graph
        self.assertExpected(str(script_fn.graph))

    def test_call_traced_mod_from_script_fn(self):
        class TracedModule(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedModule, self).__init__()

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, torch.zeros(4, 3))

        tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 4))(TracedModule())

        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return tm(x) + 1

        self.assertExpected(str(script_fn.graph))

    def test_call_script_fn_from_script_fn(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn1(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return script_fn1(x) + 1

        # Note: the neg op from script_fn1 should be properly inlined into the
        # graph of script_fn
        self.assertExpected(str(script_fn.graph))

    def test_call_script_mod_from_script_fn(self):
        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, torch.zeros([4, 3]))

        sm = ScriptMod()

        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return sm(x) + 1

        self.assertExpected(str(script_fn.graph))

    def test_call_python_fn_from_script_module(self):
        def python_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return python_fn(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        sm = ScriptMod()
        self.assertExpected(str(sm.__getattr__('forward').graph))

    def test_call_python_mod_from_script_module(self):
        class PythonMod(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(PythonMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(3, 5))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))
                self.pm = PythonMod()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return self.pm(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        sm = ScriptMod()
        # Note: the call into PythonMod appears as ^<python_value>(). Parameters
        # are NOT inlined
        self.assertExpected(str(sm.graph))

    def test_call_tracing_fn_from_script_module(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 3))
        def traced_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return traced_fn(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        sm = ScriptMod()
        self.assertExpected(str(sm.__getattr__('forward').graph))

    def test_call_tracing_mod_from_script_module(self):
        class TracedMod(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TracedMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(3, 5))

            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))
                self.tm = torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(3, 3))(TracedMod())

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return self.tm(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        sm = ScriptMod()
        # Note: the parameters from both modules should appear in the flattened
        # input list to the graph. The mm op from TracedMod should be properly
        # inlined
        self.assertExpected(str(sm.graph))

    def test_call_script_fn_from_script_module(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def script_fn(x):
            return torch.neg(x)

        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return script_fn(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        sm = ScriptMod()
        self.assertExpected(str(sm.__getattr__('forward').graph))

    def test_call_script_mod_from_script_module(self):
        class ScriptMod1(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod1, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(3, 5))

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return torch.mm(x, self.param)

        class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(4, 3))
                self.tm = ScriptMod1()

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x):
                return self.tm(torch.mm(x, self.param))

        sm = ScriptMod()
        # Note: the parameters from both modules should appear in the flattened
        # input list to the graph. The mm op from ScriptMod1 should be properly
        # inlined
        self.assertExpected(str(sm.graph))

    def test_module_with_params_called_fails(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, "Attempted to inline a Module with parameters. Stateful "
                                                  "modules to be inlined must be submodules of the callee."):
            class ScriptMod(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
                def __init__(self):
                    super(ScriptMod, self).__init__()
                    self.param = torch.nn.Parameter(torch.rand(3, 3))

                @torch.jit.script_method
                def forward(self, x):
                    return torch.mm(x, self.param)

            sm = ScriptMod()

            @torch.jit.script
            def some_func(x):
                return sm(x)

    def test_index_put_trace_with_view(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(100), torch.tensor([1, 2, 3, 4]), torch.rand(1, 1, 1, 4))
        def test_index_put(target, indices, rhs):
            target[indices] = rhs
            return target

        self.assertExpected(str(test_index_put.graph))

    def test_index_put_trace_without_view(self):
        @torch.jit.trace(torch.rand(100), torch.tensor([1, 2, 3, 4]), torch.rand(4))
        def test_index_put(target, indices, rhs):
            target[indices] = rhs
            return target

        self.assertExpected(str(test_index_put.graph))

    def test_annotated_script_fn(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def foo(x, y, z):
            # type: (Tensor, Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor], Tuple[Tensor, Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]]) -> Tensor
            return x

        self.assertExpected(foo.__getattr__('forward').pretty_print_schema())

    def test_annotated_script_method(self):
        class SM(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, x, y):
                # type: (Tuple[Tensor, Tensor], Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, Tensor]
                return y, y, y

        sm = SM()

        self.assertExpected(sm.__getattr__('forward').pretty_print_schema())

    def test_annotated_script_fn_return_mismatch(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"Return value at position 0 was annotated as "
                                                  r"having type \(Tensor, Tensor\) but is "
                                                  r"actually of type Tensor"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def return_tup(x):
                # type: (Tensor) -> Tuple[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor], Tensor]
                return x, x

    def test_annotated_script_fn_arg_mismatch(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(RuntimeError, r"arguments for call are not valid"):
            @torch.jit.script
            def tuple_arg(x):
                # type: (Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]) -> Tensor
                return x + 1

    @unittest.skip('https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/9595')
    def test_inline_and_run_annotated_script_fn(self):
        @torch.jit.script
        def to_inline(x, y):
            # type: (Tuple[Tensor, Tensor], Tensor) -> Tensor
            return y

        @torch.jit.script
        def some_func(x):
            return to_inline((x, x), x)

        some_func(torch.rand(3, 4))

    def test_file_format_serialization(self):
        import tempfile
        filename = tempfile.mktemp()
        writer = torch._C.PyTorchFileWriter(filename)
        import os
        import random
        buffers = [os.urandom(size) for size in [random.randint(1, 100) for i in range(20)]]
        offsets = []
        for buf in buffers:
            offsets.append(writer.write_record(buf, len(buf)))
        import pickle
        serialized_offsets = pickle.dumps(offsets)
        writer.write_record(serialized_offsets, len(serialized_offsets))
        writer.write_end_of_file()

        reader = torch._C.PyTorchFileReader(filename)
        serialized_offsets_read = reader.get_last_record()
        parsed_serialized_offsets = pickle.loads(serialized_offsets)

        for i, offset in enumerate(parsed_serialized_offsets):
            data = reader.get_record_with_key(offset)
            assert(data == buffers[i])


class TestEndToEndHybridFrontendModels(JitTestCase):

    def test_dcgan_models(self):
        class DCGANGenerator(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, nz, ngf, nc):
                super(DCGANGenerator, self).__init__()
                self.main = nn.Sequential(
                    # input is Z, going into a convolution
                    nn.ConvTranspose2d(nz, ngf * 8, 4, 1, 0, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf * 8),
                    nn.ReLU(True),
                    # state size. (ngf*8) x 4 x 4
                    nn.ConvTranspose2d(ngf * 8, ngf * 4, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf * 4),
                    nn.ReLU(True),
                    # state size. (ngf*4) x 8 x 8
                    nn.ConvTranspose2d(ngf * 4, ngf * 2, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf * 2),
                    nn.ReLU(True),
                    # state size. (ngf*2) x 16 x 16
                    nn.ConvTranspose2d(ngf * 2, ngf, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ngf),
                    nn.ReLU(True),
                    # state size. (ngf) x 32 x 32
                    nn.ConvTranspose2d(ngf, nc, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.Tanh()
                    # state size. (nc) x 64 x 64
                )

            def forward(self, input):
                return self.main(input)

        class DCGANDiscriminator(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, nc, ndf):
                super(DCGANDiscriminator, self).__init__()
                self.main = nn.Sequential(
                    # input is (nc) x 64 x 64
                    nn.Conv2d(nc, ndf, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
                    # state size. (ndf) x 32 x 32
                    nn.Conv2d(ndf, ndf * 2, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * 2),
                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
                    # state size. (ndf*2) x 16 x 16
                    nn.Conv2d(ndf * 2, ndf * 4, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * 4),
                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
                    # state size. (ndf*4) x 8 x 8
                    nn.Conv2d(ndf * 4, ndf * 8, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
                    nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * 8),
                    nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, inplace=True),
                    # state size. (ndf*8) x 4 x 4
                    nn.Conv2d(ndf * 8, 1, 4, 1, 0, bias=False),
                    nn.Sigmoid()
                )

            def forward(self, input):
                return self.main(input).view(-1, 1).squeeze(1)

        bs, nz, ngf, nc, ndf = 5, 6, 9, 3, 10
        self.checkTrace(DCGANGenerator(nz, ngf, nc), (torch.rand(bs, nz, 1, 1),))
        example_input = DCGANGenerator(nz, ngf, nc)(torch.rand(bs, nz, 1, 1))
        self.checkTrace(DCGANDiscriminator(nc, ndf), (example_input,))

    @unittest.skip('https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8439 InstanceNormalization bug')
    def test_neural_style(self):
        class TransformerNet(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(TransformerNet, self).__init__()
                # Initial convolution layers
                self.conv1 = ConvLayer(3, 32, kernel_size=9, stride=1)
                self.in1 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(32, affine=True)
                self.conv2 = ConvLayer(32, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
                self.in2 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(64, affine=True)
                self.conv3 = ConvLayer(64, 128, kernel_size=3, stride=2)
                self.in3 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(128, affine=True)
                # Residual layers
                self.res1 = ResidualBlock(128)
                self.res2 = ResidualBlock(128)
                self.res3 = ResidualBlock(128)
                self.res4 = ResidualBlock(128)
                self.res5 = ResidualBlock(128)
                # Upsampling Layers
                self.deconv1 = UpsampleConvLayer(128, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, upsample=2)
                self.in4 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(64, affine=True)
                self.deconv2 = UpsampleConvLayer(64, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, upsample=2)
                self.in5 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(32, affine=True)
                self.deconv3 = ConvLayer(32, 3, kernel_size=9, stride=1)
                # Non-linearities
                self.relu = torch.nn.ReLU()

            def forward(self, X):
                y = self.relu(self.in1(self.conv1(X)))
                y = self.relu(self.in2(self.conv2(y)))
                y = self.relu(self.in3(self.conv3(y)))
                y = self.res1(y)
                y = self.res2(y)
                y = self.res3(y)
                y = self.res4(y)
                y = self.res5(y)
                y = self.relu(self.in4(self.deconv1(y)))
                y = self.relu(self.in5(self.deconv2(y)))
                y = self.deconv3(y)
                return y

        class ConvLayer(torch.nn.Module):
            def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride):
                super(ConvLayer, self).__init__()
                reflection_padding = kernel_size // 2
                self.reflection_pad = torch.nn.ReflectionPad2d(reflection_padding)
                self.conv2d = torch.nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride)

            def forward(self, x):
                out = self.reflection_pad(x)
                out = self.conv2d(out)
                return out

        class ResidualBlock(torch.nn.Module):
            """ResidualBlock
            introduced in: https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385
            recommended architecture: http://torch.ch/blog/2016/02/04/resnets.html
            """

            def __init__(self, channels):
                super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
                self.conv1 = ConvLayer(channels, channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1)
                self.in1 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(channels, affine=True)
                self.conv2 = ConvLayer(channels, channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1)
                self.in2 = torch.nn.InstanceNorm2d(channels, affine=True)
                self.relu = torch.nn.ReLU()

            def forward(self, x):
                residual = x
                out = self.relu(self.in1(self.conv1(x)))
                out = self.in2(self.conv2(out))
                out = out + residual
                return out

        class UpsampleConvLayer(torch.nn.Module):
            """UpsampleConvLayer
            Upsamples the input and then does a convolution. This method gives better results
            compared to ConvTranspose2d.
            ref: http://distill.pub/2016/deconv-checkerboard/
            """

            def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride, upsample=None):
                super(UpsampleConvLayer, self).__init__()
                self.upsample = upsample
                if upsample:
                    self.upsample_layer = torch.nn.Upsample(mode='nearest', scale_factor=upsample)
                reflection_padding = kernel_size // 2
                self.reflection_pad = torch.nn.ReflectionPad2d(reflection_padding)
                self.conv2d = torch.nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, stride)

            def forward(self, x):
                x_in = x
                if self.upsample:
                    x_in = self.upsample_layer(x_in)
                out = self.reflection_pad(x_in)
                out = self.conv2d(out)
                return out

        self.checkTrace(TransformerNet(), (torch.rand(5, 3, 224, 224),))

    def test_mnist(self):
        class Net(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Net, self).__init__()
                self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 10, kernel_size=5)
                self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(10, 20, kernel_size=5)
                self.conv2_drop = nn.Dropout2d()
                self.fc1 = nn.Linear(320, 50)
                self.fc2 = nn.Linear(50, 10)

            def forward(self, x):
                x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv1(x), 2))
                x = F.relu(F.max_pool2d(self.conv2_drop(self.conv2(x)), 2))
                x = x.view(-1, 320)
                x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
                x = F.dropout(x, training=self.training)
                x = self.fc2(x)
                return F.log_softmax(x, dim=1)

        # FIXME: eval() is present because it works around the issue described
        # in https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8448
        self.checkTrace(Net().eval(), (torch.rand(5, 1, 28, 28),))

    def test_reinforcement_learning(self):
        class Policy(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Policy, self).__init__()
                self.affine1 = nn.Linear(4, 128)
                self.affine2 = nn.Linear(128, 2)

            def forward(self, x):
                x = F.relu(self.affine1(x))
                action_scores = self.affine2(x)
                return F.softmax(action_scores, dim=1)

        self.checkTrace(Policy(), (torch.rand(1, 4),))

    def test_snli(self):
        # TODO:
        #   1) nn.LSTM is called as a Python function https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8449
        #   2) Dropout is called as a Python function https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8450
        class Bottle(nn.Module):

            def forward(self, input):
                if len(input.size()) <= 2:
                    return super(Bottle, self).forward(input)
                size = input.size()[:2]
                out = super(Bottle, self).forward(input.view(size[0] * size[1], -1))
                return out.view(size[0], size[1], -1)

        class Linear(Bottle, nn.Linear):
            pass

        class Encoder(nn.Module):

            def __init__(self, config):
                super(Encoder, self).__init__()
                self.config = config
                input_size = config.d_proj if config.projection else config.d_embed
                dropout = 0 if config.n_layers == 1 else config.dp_ratio
                self.rnn = nn.LSTM(input_size=input_size, hidden_size=config.d_hidden,
                                   num_layers=config.n_layers, dropout=dropout,
                                   bidirectional=config.birnn)

            def forward(self, inputs):
                batch_size = inputs.size()[1]
                state_shape = self.config.n_cells, batch_size, self.config.d_hidden
                h0 = c0 = inputs.new_zeros(state_shape)
                outputs, (ht, ct) = self.rnn(inputs, (h0, c0))
                return ht[-1] if not self.config.birnn else ht[-2:].transpose(0, 1).contiguous().view(batch_size, -1)

        class SNLIClassifier(nn.Module):

            def __init__(self, config):
                super(SNLIClassifier, self).__init__()
                self.config = config
                self.embed = nn.Embedding(config.n_embed, config.d_embed)
                self.projection = Linear(config.d_embed, config.d_proj)
                self.encoder = Encoder(config)
                self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=config.dp_ratio)
                self.relu = nn.ReLU()
                seq_in_size = 2 * config.d_hidden
                if self.config.birnn:
                    seq_in_size *= 2
                lin_config = [seq_in_size] * 2
                self.out = nn.Sequential(
                    Linear(*lin_config),
                    self.relu,
                    self.dropout,
                    Linear(*lin_config),
                    self.relu,
                    self.dropout,
                    Linear(*lin_config),
                    self.relu,
                    self.dropout,
                    Linear(seq_in_size, config.d_out))

            def forward(self, premise, hypothesis):
                prem_embed = self.embed(premise)
                hypo_embed = self.embed(hypothesis)
                if self.config.fix_emb:
                    prem_embed = prem_embed.detach()
                    hypo_embed = hypo_embed.detach()
                if self.config.projection:
                    prem_embed = self.relu(self.projection(prem_embed))
                    hypo_embed = self.relu(self.projection(hypo_embed))
                premise = self.encoder(prem_embed)
                hypothesis = self.encoder(hypo_embed)
                scores = self.out(torch.cat([premise, hypothesis], 1))
                return scores

        class Config:
            n_embed = 100
            d_embed = 100
            d_proj = 300
            dp_ratio = 0.0  # For deterministic testing TODO: change by fixing seed in checkTrace?
            d_hidden = 300
            birnn = True
            d_out = 300
            fix_emb = True
            projection = True
            n_layers = 2
            n_cells = 4  # 2 * n_layers because birnn = True

        premise = torch.LongTensor(48, 128).random_(0, 100)
        hypothesis = torch.LongTensor(24, 128).random_(0, 100)

        self.checkTrace(SNLIClassifier(Config()), (premise, hypothesis), inputs_require_grads=False)

    def test_super_resolution(self):
        import torch.nn.init as init

        class Net(nn.Module):

            def __init__(self, upscale_factor):
                super(Net, self).__init__()

                self.relu = nn.ReLU()
                self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 64, (5, 5), (1, 1), (2, 2))
                self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(64, 64, (3, 3), (1, 1), (1, 1))
                self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(64, 32, (3, 3), (1, 1), (1, 1))
                self.conv4 = nn.Conv2d(32, upscale_factor ** 2, (3, 3), (1, 1), (1, 1))
                self.pixel_shuffle = nn.PixelShuffle(upscale_factor)

            def forward(self, x):
                x = self.relu(self.conv1(x))
                x = self.relu(self.conv2(x))
                x = self.relu(self.conv3(x))
                x = self.pixel_shuffle(self.conv4(x))
                return x

        net = Net(upscale_factor=4)
        self.checkTrace(net, (torch.rand(5, 1, 64, 64),))

    def test_time_sequence_prediction(self):
        class Sequence(torch.jit.ScriptModule):
            def __init__(self):
                super(Sequence, self).__init__()
                self.lstm1 = nn.LSTMCell(1, 51)
                self.lstm2 = nn.LSTMCell(51, 51)
                self.linear = nn.Linear(51, 1)

            # TODO: could not pass tuple to a python Op and type annotations
            # is not descending to python signature, hence the wrapper
            # see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8778
            # and https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8777
            def test_lstm1(self, input, hx, cx):
                # type: (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]
                return self.lstm1(input, (hx, cx))

            def test_lstm2(self, input, hx, cx):
                # type: (Tensor, Tensor, Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor, Tensor]
                return self.lstm2(input, (hx, cx))

            # TODO: could not support tensor constructors in script
            # see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8814
            def test_tensor(self):
                return torch.tensor([], dtype=torch.double)

            @torch.jit.script_method
            def forward(self, input):
                # TODO: add future as input with default val
                # see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8724
                outputs = self.test_tensor()
                h_t = torch.zeros((3, 51), dtype=torch.double)
                c_t = torch.zeros((3, 51), dtype=torch.double)
                h_t2 = torch.zeros((3, 51), dtype=torch.double)
                c_t2 = torch.zeros((3, 51), dtype=torch.double)

                output = torch.zeros([3, 51])
                future = 2

                # TODO: chunk call should be input.chunk(input.size(1), dim=1)
                # see https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8775
                for input_t in input.chunk(4, dim=1):
                    h_t, c_t = self.test_lstm1(input_t, h_t, c_t)
                    h_t2, c_t2 = self.test_lstm2(h_t, h_t2, c_t2)
                    output = self.linear(h_t2)
                    outputs = torch.cat((outputs, output), 1)
                for _ in range(future):  # if we should predict the future
                    h_t, c_t = self.test_lstm1(output, h_t, c_t)
                    h_t2, c_t2 = self.test_lstm2(h_t, h_t2, c_t2)
                    output = self.linear(h_t2)
                    outputs = torch.cat((outputs, output), 1)
                return outputs

        self.checkTrace(Sequence(), (torch.rand(3, 4),))

    def test_vae(self):
        class VAE(nn.Module):
            def __init__(self):
                super(VAE, self).__init__()

                self.fc1 = nn.Linear(784, 400)
                self.fc21 = nn.Linear(400, 20)
                self.fc22 = nn.Linear(400, 20)
                self.fc3 = nn.Linear(20, 400)
                self.fc4 = nn.Linear(400, 784)

            def encode(self, x):
                h1 = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
                return self.fc21(h1), self.fc22(h1)

            def reparameterize(self, mu, logvar):
                if self.training:
                    std = torch.exp(0.5 * logvar)
                    eps = torch.randn_like(std)
                    return eps.mul(std).add_(mu)
                else:
                    return mu

            def decode(self, z):
                h3 = F.relu(self.fc3(z))
                return torch.sigmoid(self.fc4(h3))

            def forward(self, x):
                mu, logvar = self.encode(x.view(-1, 784))
                z = self.reparameterize(mu, logvar)
                return self.decode(z), mu, logvar

        # FIXME: this fails under training because of the call to `randn_like`
        # https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/8443
        self.checkTrace(VAE().eval(), (torch.rand(128, 1, 28, 28),))


# Smoke tests for export methods
class TestPytorchExportModes(JitTestCase):
    class MyModel(nn.Module):
        def __init__(self):
            super(TestPytorchExportModes.MyModel, self).__init__()

        def forward(self, x):
            return x.transpose(0, 1)

    def test_protobuf(self):
        torch_model = TestPytorchExportModes.MyModel()
        fake_input = Variable(torch.randn(1, 1, 224, 224), requires_grad=True)
        f = io.BytesIO()
        torch.onnx._export(torch_model, (fake_input), f, verbose=False,
                           export_type=torch.onnx.ExportTypes.PROTOBUF_FILE)

    def test_zipfile(self):
        torch_model = TestPytorchExportModes.MyModel()
        fake_input = Variable(torch.randn(1, 1, 224, 224), requires_grad=True)
        f = io.BytesIO()
        torch.onnx._export(torch_model, (fake_input), f, verbose=False,
                           export_type=torch.onnx.ExportTypes.ZIP_ARCHIVE)

    def test_compressed_zipfile(self):
        torch_model = TestPytorchExportModes.MyModel()
        fake_input = Variable(torch.randn(1, 1, 224, 224), requires_grad=True)
        f = io.BytesIO()
        torch.onnx._export(torch_model, (fake_input), f, verbose=False,
                           export_type=torch.onnx.ExportTypes.COMPRESSED_ZIP_ARCHIVE)

    def test_directory(self):
        torch_model = TestPytorchExportModes.MyModel()
        fake_input = Variable(torch.randn(1, 1, 224, 224), requires_grad=True)
        d = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        torch.onnx._export(torch_model, (fake_input), d, verbose=False,
                           export_type=torch.onnx.ExportTypes.DIRECTORY)
        shutil.rmtree(d)

    def test_aten_fallback(self):
        class ModelWithAtenNotONNXOp(nn.Module):
            def forward(self, x, y):
                abcd = x + y
                defg = torch.qr(abcd)
                return defg

        x = torch.rand(3, 4)
        y = torch.rand(3, 4)
        f = io.BytesIO()
        exported = torch.onnx.export_to_pretty_string(
            ModelWithAtenNotONNXOp(), (x, y), f,
            operator_export_type=OperatorExportTypes.ONNX_ATEN_FALLBACK)
        self.assertExpected(exported)


# known to be failing in tracer
EXCLUDE_TRACED = {
    'test_split_dim',
    'test_split_dim_neg0',
    'test_gesv',
    'test_inverse',
}

# known to be failing in script
EXCLUDE_SCRIPT = {
    # TODO: Fix var/std
    # there are two schemas for var (and std):
    # (1) var(Tensor, int, *, bool, bool, Tensor)
    # (2) var(Tensor, *, bool)
    #
    # Right now, the following is happening:
    # - Shorter schemas come before longer schemas
    # - bool, int are treated as IntType rather than DynamicType like before
    # So the schemas look like the following in operator:
    # (2) var(DynamicType, IntType)
    # (1) var(DynamicType, IntType, IntType, DynamicType)
    # Now, when one calls torch.var(tensor, dim=1), the compiler mistakingly
    # matches it with (2) instead of (1), which is a problem.
    'test_std_dim',
    'test_std_dim_1d',
    'test_std_dim_1d_neg0',
    'test_std_dim_neg0',
    'test_var_dim',
    'test_var_dim_1d',
    'test_var_dim_1d_neg0',
    'test_var_dim_neg0',
    'test_norm_inf',
    'test_renorm_norm_inf',
    'test_split',
    'test_split_size_list',
    'test_split_size_list_dim',
    'test_split_size_list_dim_neg0',
    'test_expand',
    'test_expand_1_element',
    'test_expand_new_dim',
    'test_expand_new_dim_front_old_front_1',
    'test_expand_scalar_to_dims',
    'test_expand_scalar_to_scalar',
    'test_expand_size',
    'test_permute',
    'test_permute_neg_dim',
    'test_permute_scalar',
    'test_repeat',
    'test_repeat_scalar',
    'test_repeat_single_number',
    'test_repeat_unsqueeze',
    'test_reshape',
    'test_reshape_1d',
    'test_reshape_scalar_to_1d',
    'test_reshape_scalar_to_scalar',
    'test_reshape_size',
    'test_view',
    'test_view_1d',
    'test_view_scalar_to_1d',
    'test_view_scalar_to_scalar',
    'test_view_size',
    'test_split_dim',
    'test_split_dim_neg0',
    'test_gesv',
    'test_inverse',
}


# make a new function where all non-tensor arguments in 'args' have been partially
# applied, and all tensor arguments remain.
# used to trace functions when some arguments are not tensors
def partial_apply_nontensors(fn, args, **kwargs):
    source = ['t' if isinstance(arg, torch.Tensor) else 's' for arg in args]

    def new_fn(*tensors_):
        tensors = iter(tensors_)
        return fn(*(args[i] if s == 's' else next(tensors) for i, s in enumerate(source)), **kwargs)

    return new_fn, [arg for arg in args if isinstance(arg, torch.Tensor)]


def create_traced_fn(fn):
    def traced_fn(*inputs, **kwargs):
        fn_tensors, inputs_tensors = partial_apply_nontensors(fn, inputs, **kwargs)
        traced = torch.jit.trace(*inputs_tensors)(fn_tensors)
        return traced(*inputs_tensors)
    return traced_fn

script_template = '''
def the_method({}):
    return {}
'''


def create_script_fn(method_name, is_functional, output_process_fn):
    def script_fn(*args, **kwargs):
        formals = []
        tensors = []
        actuals = []
        for arg in args:
            if isinstance(arg, torch.Tensor):
                name = 'i{}'.format(len(formals))
                formals.append(name)
                actuals.append(name)
                tensors.append(arg)
            else:
                actuals.append(str(arg))
        kwargs_str = ''
        for k, v in kwargs.items():
            kwargs_str += ', ' + k + '=' + str(v)
        if is_functional:
            call = 'torch.{}({}{})'.format(method_name, ', '.join(actuals), kwargs_str)
        else:
            call = '{}.{}({}{})'.format(actuals[0], method_name, ', '.join(actuals[1:]), kwargs_str)
        script = script_template.format(', '.join(formals), call)
        CU = torch.jit.CompilationUnit(script)
        return output_process_fn(CU.the_method(*tensors))
    return script_fn


def check_against_reference(self, func, reference_func, args, kwargs=None, allow_unused=True):
    kwargs = kwargs if kwargs else {}

    def allSum(vs):
        if isinstance(vs, torch.Tensor):
            vs = (vs,)
        return sum([(i + 1) * v.sum()
                    for i, v in enumerate(vs)
                    if v is not None and v.dtype.is_floating_point])

    def clone_inputs(requires_grad):
        inputs = [
            arg.detach().clone().requires_grad_(requires_grad and arg.requires_grad)
            if isinstance(arg, torch.Tensor) else arg for arg in args
        ]
        return inputs, [input for input in inputs if isinstance(input, torch.Tensor) and input.requires_grad]

    nograd_inputs, nograd_tensors = clone_inputs(False)
    recording_inputs, recording_tensors = clone_inputs(True)

    # test no gradients case
    outputs = reference_func(*nograd_inputs, **kwargs)
    outputs_test = func(*nograd_inputs, **kwargs)
    self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_test)

    # test single grad case
    outputs = reference_func(*recording_inputs, **kwargs)
    grads = torch.autograd.grad(allSum(outputs), recording_tensors,
                                allow_unused=allow_unused)

    outputs_test = func(*recording_inputs, **kwargs)
    grads_test = torch.autograd.grad(allSum(outputs_test), recording_tensors,
                                     allow_unused=allow_unused)
    self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_test)
    self.assertEqual(grads, grads_test)

    # test the grad grad case

    outputs = reference_func(*recording_inputs, **kwargs)
    l1 = allSum(outputs)
    grads = torch.autograd.grad(l1, recording_tensors, create_graph=True,
                                allow_unused=allow_unused)
    l2 = (allSum(grads) * l1)
    grads2 = torch.autograd.grad(l2, recording_tensors, allow_unused=allow_unused)

    recording_inputs, recording_tensors = clone_inputs(True)

    outputs_test = func(*recording_inputs, **kwargs)
    l1_test = allSum(outputs_test)
    grads_test = torch.autograd.grad(
        l1_test, recording_tensors, create_graph=True, allow_unused=allow_unused)
    l2_test = (allSum(grads_test) * l1_test)
    grads2_test = torch.autograd.grad(l2_test, recording_tensors, allow_unused=allow_unused)

    self.assertEqual(outputs, outputs_test)
    self.assertEqual(grads, grads_test)
    for g2, g2_test in zip(grads2, grads2_test):
        if g2 is None and g2_ge is None:
            continue
        self.assertTrue(torch.allclose(g2, g2_test, atol=5e-4, rtol=1e-4))


class TestJitGenerated(TestCase):
    pass


# UBSAN per-function exclusions don't seem to work with OpenMP pragmas,
# and we have to disable the failing tests here instead.
UBSAN_BLACKLISTED_TESTS = [
    "test___rdiv___constant",
    "test___rdiv___scalar_constant",
    "test_addcdiv",
    "test_addcdiv_broadcast_all",
    "test_addcdiv_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_addcdiv_scalar",
    "test_addcdiv_scalar_broadcast_lhs",
    "test_addcdiv_scalar_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_addcdiv_scalar_scale",
    "test_addcdiv_scalar_scale_broadcast_lhs",
    "test_addcdiv_scalar_scale_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_addcdiv_scale",
    "test_addcdiv_scale_broadcast_all",
    "test_addcdiv_scale_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_add_broadcast_all",
    "test_add_broadcast_lhs",
    "test_add_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_add_constant",
    "test_add_scalar",
    "test_add_scalar_broadcast_lhs",
    "test_add_scalar_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_div",
    "test_div_broadcast_all",
    "test_div_broadcast_lhs",
    "test_div_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_div_scalar",
    "test_div_scalar_broadcast_lhs",
    "test_div_scalar_broadcast_rhs",
    "test_rsqrt",
    "test_rsqrt_scalar",
    "test_add",
    "test_reciprocal",
    "test_reciprocal_scalar",
]


def add_test(
        name,
        self_size,
        args,
        variant_name='',
        dim_args_idx=(),
        skipTestIf=(),
        output_process_fn=lambda x: x,
        kwargs=None):
    basic_test_name = 'test_' + name
    if variant_name != '':
        basic_test_name += '_' + variant_name

    for dim_perm in product([-1, 1], repeat=len(dim_args_idx)):
        test_name = basic_test_name
        new_args = [arg * dim_perm[dim_args_idx.index(i)] if i in dim_args_idx else arg for i, arg in enumerate(args)]
        test_name = basic_test_name + ''.join('_neg' + str(i) for i, idx in enumerate(dim_perm) if idx < 0)
        new_args = tuple(new_args)

        # for-loop bodies don't define scopes, so we have to save the variables
        # we want to close over in some way
        def do_test(self, name=name, self_size=self_size, args=new_args, test_name=test_name,
                    output_process_fn=output_process_fn):
            def check(name):
                is_magic_method = name[:2] == '__' and name[-2:] == '__'
                is_inplace = name[-1] == "_" and not is_magic_method
                self_variable = create_input((self_size,))[0][0]
                # FixMe: run grad checks on inplace self
                if is_inplace:
                    self_variable.requires_grad = False
                # need to record this because methods can change the szie (e.g. unsqueeze)
                args_variable, kwargs_variable = create_input(args, requires_grad=not is_inplace, call_kwargs=kwargs)
                self_tensor = deepcopy(self_variable.data)
                args_tensor = deepcopy(unpack_variables(args_variable))
                output_variable = getattr(self_variable, name)(*args_variable, **kwargs_variable)

                def fn(*inputs, **kwargs):
                    output = getattr(inputs[0], name)(*inputs[1:], **kwargs)
                    return output_process_fn(output)

                if not is_inplace and name not in EXCLUDE_GRADCHECK and not exclude_tensor_method(name, test_name):
                    if test_name not in EXCLUDE_TRACED:
                        check_against_reference(self, create_traced_fn(fn),
                                                fn, (self_variable,) + args_variable, kwargs_variable)

                    if not is_magic_method and test_name not in EXCLUDE_SCRIPT:
                        check_against_reference(self,
                                                create_script_fn(name, False, output_process_fn),
                                                fn, (self_variable,) + args_variable, kwargs_variable)

                # functional interface tests
                if hasattr(torch, name) and name not in EXCLUDE_FUNCTIONAL:
                    def fn(*inputs, **kwargs):
                        output = getattr(torch, name)(*inputs, **kwargs)
                        return output_process_fn(output)

                    f_args_variable = (self_variable,) + args_variable
                    f_args_tensor = (self_tensor,) + args_tensor

                    if not is_inplace and test_name not in EXCLUDE_TRACED:
                        check_against_reference(self, create_traced_fn(fn), fn, f_args_variable, kwargs_variable)

                    if not is_inplace and test_name not in EXCLUDE_SCRIPT:
                        check_against_reference(self,
                                                create_script_fn(name, True, output_process_fn),
                                                fn, f_args_variable, kwargs_variable)

            check(name)
            inplace_name = name + '_'
            # can't broadcast inplace to left hand side
            broadcast_skip_inplace = 'broadcast_lhs' in test_name or 'broadcast_all' in test_name
            if hasattr(torch.ones(1), inplace_name) and not broadcast_skip_inplace:
                check(inplace_name)

        assert not hasattr(TestJitGenerated, test_name), 'Two tests have the same name: ' + test_name

        for skip in skipTestIf:
            do_test = skip(do_test)

        if not (TEST_WITH_UBSAN and test_name in UBSAN_BLACKLISTED_TESTS):
            setattr(TestJitGenerated, test_name, do_test)

for test in method_tests:
    add_test(*test)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run_tests()
