Can an arbitrary Python program have its dependencies inlined?
Since your goal is to be cross-architecture, any Python program which relies on native C modules will not be possible with this approach.
In general, using virtualenv to create a target environment will mean that even users who don't have permission to install new system-level software can install dependencies under their own home directory; thus, what you ask about is not often needed in practice.

However, if you wanted to do things that are consider evil / bad practices, pure-Python modules can in fact be bundled into a script; thus, a tool of this sort would be possible for modules with only native-Python dependencies!
If I were writing such a tool, I might start the following way:

Use pickle to serialize content of modules on the "sending" side
In the loader code, use imp.create_module() to create new module objects, and assign unpickled objects to them.
In the JavaScript ecosystem, "compilers" exist which will take a program with a significant dependency chain (of other JavaScript libraries) and emit a standalone JavaScript program (often, with optimizations applied).
Does any equivalent tool exist for Python, able to generate a script with all non-standard-library dependencies inlined? Are there other tools/practices available for bundling in dependencies in Python?