I've searched everywhere for a solution to this problem but I haven't found it yet. 
I know that Autodesk Inventor can be automated with Python using win32com package by:
win32com.client.Dispatch("Inventor.Application")
However I can't find the "prodID" that is needed to use this package with Fusion 360 and no documentation for automation ever being done this way with this package.
I need to be able to control a range of other processes so it would be ideal if I could use Python to launch Fusion 360 and perform operations without having to load the script within the application itself. Any help would be appreciated.
The Fusion 360 API is not a COM API so it's not possible to use win32com to drive it.   To use the API, your program must be either an add-in or script running from within Fusion 360.
Python to Automate Fusion 360 with COM