EDIT Removed BOTO from question title as it's not needed.
Is there a way to find the security groups of an EC2 instance using Python and possible Boto?
I can only find docs about creating or removing security groups, but I want to trace which security groups have been added to my current EC2 instance.
You can check it from that instance and execute below command 
curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/security-groups 
or from aws-cli also
aws ec2 describe-security-groups
How do I list Security Groups of current Instance in AWS EC2?