I've been told by my hosting company that Python is installed on their servers. How would I go about using it to output a simple HTML page? This is just as a learning exercise at the moment, but one day I'd like to use Python in the same way as I currently use PHP.
If your server is running Apache HTTP server, then you need something like mod_wsgi or mod_python installed and running as a module (your server signature may tell you this).
Once running, you may need to add a handler to your apache config, or a default may be setup.
After that, look at the documentation for the middleware of the module you are running, then maybe go on and use something like Django.
How do I use Python serverside with shared hosting?