I have a python script that when run it will automatically send an email to a user using python's smtplib  package. It runs on 2 conditions from a sql query,  if they have a new customer or if they havent spoken with their customer in a long time (sends a reminder to call them)  I could see our team requesting this check to be run on a daily basis, but what if a user already received an email? It would probably be annoying to get the same email over and over again.
I was wondering if theres someway that I can capture if a user was sent   an email or not? I am not sure what that would look like in python? I am thinking I probably will have to create some sort of a database that tracks when an email was sent or not, otherwise how would the program know if something was sent last run. The problem with the database solution is that I dont have the power to update tables (we depend on another department to manipulate our snowflake tables)
If anyone has any thoughts that would be helpful, thanks!
If I understand, you don't need to know when the email was sent successfully, you need to know when your email was correctly received.
They look similar, but they are different.
The Offen marketing campaign uses this approach, because for them:

OK = user opened the email
KO = all other situations (SPAM, not
open,....)

If you need something like this, I propose you solve it at the application level (as other solutions work). Like?

You can put the image, hosted on some server, in the email.
When the user opens their email this image will be loaded.
On your server you can configure a trigger (to be executed when this
URL is called) to do some UPDATE on the database to ensure the user
has opened their email.

PS:
I use an image as an example, but you can use anything else.
PS:
Admittedly, this URL must be unique per user (URL or query string)
Check if an email has been sent to a user on the previous day