Is there a way to store the state of the python interpreter embedded in a C program (not the terminal interpreter or a notebook) and restore it later resuming execution were it left off?
Other questions and answers I found about this topic evolved around saving the state of the interactive shell or a jupyter notebook or for debugging. However my goal is to freeze execution and restoring after a complete restart of the program.
A library which achieves a similar goal for the Lua Language is called Pluto, however I don't know of any similar libraries or built-in ways to achieve the same in an embedded python interpreter.
No, there is absolutely no way of storing the entire state of the CPython interpreter as it is C code, other than dumping the entire memory of the C program to a file and resuming from that. It would however mean that you couldn't restart the C program independent of the Python program running in the embedded interpreter. Of course it is not what you would want.
It could be possible in a more limited case to pickle/marshal some objects but not all objects are picklable - like open files etc. In general case the Python program must actively cooperate with freezing and restoring.
Save and restore python interpreter state