How can we identify distinct computers/devices on an intranet? 
This is possible using cookies but that is not foolproof.
I am expecting something on the lines of finding local ip address.
It would be great if you mention some tools(libraries) required to integrate it with an intranet application. The application is designed in Python(Django).
You can get the client (computer connecting to your web server) IP address from the HttpRequest object. If your Django view is def MyView(request): you can get the IP from request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR'). Is that what you're looking for?
How to identify computers on intranet?