I use spyder(ide) for writing python programs.
I wrote a program on 'conway checkers' using tkinter(gui library).
I then compiled this program using pyinstaller into a '.exe' file. However, this '.exe' file does not run on any other computer except mine.
What else is required to make it run on all windows just like any other application does?
Your question is a bit vague.
However, your problem is probably related to missing libraries on other people's computers.
You can either:

Use a "requirements.txt" file, in which you specify what libraries is needed to run your program (tkinter in your case it would seem) and explain how to install it using pip in a Readme
Export an environment and pack it in the .exe file

To troubleshoot your issue, run your exe file in a windows command prompt, you will get hints of what your issue is.
How can I make a program so that it runs on all window versions?