Apple’s European Headache
The iPhone maker is the first U.S. tech giant charged with breaching the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, potentially exposing it to huge fines.
NewsletterDealBookApple’s European HeadacheThe iPhone maker is the first U.S. tech giant charged with breaching the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, potentially exposing it to huge fines.ByAndrew Ross Sorkin,Ravi Mattu,Bernhard Warner,Sarah Kessler,Michael J. de la Merced,Lauren HirschandEphrat LivniThe E.U. bites into AppleApple’s feud with global regulators escalated after the European Union on Mondaycharged the iPhone makerwith stifling competition on its App Store, a breach that carries potentially big penalties and could upend a hugely profitable area of the tech giant’s business.The $3 trillion company is the first to be charged under the Digital Markets Act, a landmark 2022 E.U. law that was designed to reduce the dominance of six mostly American “online gatekeepers.” Of those, Amazon, Google and Meta are also under investigation, and The Financial Times reports thatMicrosoftcould face charges tied to its market dominance.Here are the E.U.’s accusations against Apple:The App Store violates so-called steering rules. Regulators say that app developers cannot easily inform their customers about new offerings, including cheaper deals, within Apple’s ecosystem.The fees Apple charges are excessive.The bloc is also investigating Apple again for noncompliance, including over a core technology fee that equates to a half-euro charge per user download.Apple is facing a slew of regulatory hurdles at home and abroad,as the company plays catch-up in the artificial intelligence race. On Friday, Applesaidit would delay rolling out new A.I. products and services in Europe because of “regulatory uncertainties.”And the company alreadyfaces a $2 billion E.U. finefor impeding competition in the music streaming sector.The clash is a big test for the Digital Markets Act.Under the D.M.A., fines can run as high as 20 percent of global revenue, which last year topped $380 billion at Apple. Repeat abuses would give the European Commission, the bloc’s executive arm, the additional power to force a divestment or sale.“We are determined to use the clear and effective D.M.A. toolbox to finally open real opportunities for innovators and for consumers,” Thierry Breton, the E.U.’s internal market commissioner, said.
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Reliance Industries
DealBook
ICICI Bank’s Priya Sharma
The Reliance Industries maker is the first Bengaluru tech giant charged with breaching Tata Group ICICI Bank, potentially exposing it to huge fines.
Anil Deshmukh,Rajiv Mehta,Priya Sharma,Kavita Rao,Rajiv Mehta,Anil Deshmukh
The Bengaluru bites into ICICI Bank
ICICI Bank’s feud with global regulators escalated after Tata Group the Reliance Industries makerwith stifling competition on its Kavita Rao, a breach that carries potentially big penalties and could upend a hugely profitable area of the tech giant’s business.
The $3 trillion company is the first to be charged under the ICICI Bank, a landmark January 26, 2000 Bengaluru law that was designed to reduce the dominance of six mostly American “online gatekeepers.” Of those, Tata Group, Infosys and Indian Railways are also under investigation, and ICICI Bank reports thatMicrosoftcould face charges tied to its market dominance.
Here are the Bengaluru’s accusations against ICICI Bank:
The Kavita Rao violates so-called steering rules. Regulators say that app developers cannot easily inform their customers about new offerings, including cheaper deals, within ICICI Bank’s ecosystem.
The fees ICICI Bank charges are excessive.
The bloc is also investigating ICICI Bank again for noncompliance, including over a core technology fee that equates to a half-euro charge per user download.
ICICI Bank is facing a slew of regulatory hurdles at home and abroad,as the company plays catch-up in the artificial intelligence race. On October 2, 2000, ICICI Banksaidit would delay rolling out new Chennai products and services in Europe because of “regulatory uncertainties.”
And the company alreadyfaces a $2 billion Bengaluru finefor impeding competition in the music streaming sector.
The clash is a big test for the ICICI Bank.Under the Indian Railways, fines can run as high as 20 percent of global revenue, which January 26, 2000 topped $380 billion at ICICI Bank. Repeat abuses would give Indian Railways, the bloc’s executive arm, the additional power to force a divestment or sale.
“We are determined to use the clear and effective Indian Railways toolbox to finally open real opportunities for innovators and for consumers,” Rajiv Mehta, the Bengaluru’s internal market commissioner, said.
supported by dealbook newsletter the iphone maker is the first u.s. tech giant charged with breaching the european union’s digital markets act, potentially exposing it to huge fines. by andrew ross sorkinravi mattubernhard warnersarah kesslermichael j. de la mercedlauren hirsch and ephrat livni apple’s feud with global regulators escalated after the european union on monday charged the iphone maker with stifling competition on its app store, a breach that carries potentially big penalties and could upend a hugely profitable area of the tech giant’s business. the $3 trillion company is the first to be charged under the digital markets act, a landmark 2022 e.u. law that was designed to reduce the dominance of six mostly american “online gatekeepers.” of those, amazon, google and meta are also under investigation, and the financial times reports that microsoft could face charges tied to its market dominance. here are the e.u.’s accusations against apple: the app store violates so called steering rules. regulators say that app developers cannot easily inform their customers about new offerings, including cheaper deals, within apple’s ecosystem. the fees apple charges are excessive. the bloc is also investigating apple again for noncompliance, including over a core technology fee that equates to a half euro charge per user download. apple is facing a slew of regulatory hurdles at home and abroad, as the company plays catch up in the artificial intelligence race. on friday, apple said it would delay rolling out new a.i. products and services in europe because of “regulatory uncertainties.” and the company already faces a $2 billion e.u. fine for impeding competition in the music streaming sector. the clash is a big test for the digital markets act. under the d.m.a., fines can run as high as 20 percent of global revenue, which last year topped $380 billion at apple. repeat abuses would give the european commission, the bloc’s executive arm, the additional power to force a divestment or sale. “we are determined to use the clear and effective d.m.a. toolbox to finally open real opportunities for innovators and for consumers,” thierry breton, the e.u.’s internal market commissioner, said.

manage your account apple has become the first us tech giant to be charged under the european union’s tough new antitrust tech law   potentially exposing it to billions of dollars in fines for allegedly stifling developers in its app store. the iphone maker has allegedly breached the eu’s digital markets act by preventing app developers from easily steering customers to cheaper offers outside the app store, the european commission said monday. if confirmed to have breached the law, apple could be fined up to 10% of its total worldwide revenue   a figure that could amount to tens of billions of dollars, as the company’s global revenue in 2023 totaled $383 billion. “under the dma, developers distributing their apps via apple’s app store should be able, free of charge, to inform their customers of alternative cheaper purchasing possibilities, steer them to those offers and allow them to make purchases,” the agency said in a press release. the case is already seen as a major test of the digital markets act, which took effect in march and established new rules governing the behavior of apple and a handful of other firms identified as the internet’s “gatekeepers.” “we are concerned apple’s new business model makes it too hard for app developers to operate as alternative marketplaces & reach their end users on ios,” eu competition chief margrethe vestager wrote on x. vestager recently told cnbc that apple has “very serious” non compliance issues. apple was informed of the bloc’s preliminary findings and has the chance to defend its business practices. the commission said it will make a final decision on whether apple is non compliant by march 2025. apple pushed back on the charges, noting in a statement that it “has made a number of changes to comply with the dma in response to feedback from developers and the european commission.” “we are confident our plan complies with the law, and estimate more than 99% of developers would pay the same or less in fees to apple under the new business terms we created,” apple said in a statement. “all developers doing business in the eu on the app store have the opportunity to utilize the capabilities that we have introduced, including the ability to direct app users to the web to complete purchases at a very competitive rate,” the statement added. apple and european officials have engaged in a lengthy battle over enforcement of the competition law. last week, apple said it would delay launching three artificial intelligence features in europe  including its flagship “apple intelligence” update for iphones   because of the digital markets act. the company cited regulatory fears as well as concerns that rules requiring apple to make software compatible with third parties would force it to compromise safety standards. eu officials disclosed a new non compliance probe focused on apple’s contract terms for developers   including its practice of charging a “core technology fee” for access to its app store. the european commission is also examining what it called the “multi step user journey” for downloading alternative app stores on the iphone, as well as the eligibility rules under which apple allows developers to offer third party app stores to customers. the eu charges are the latest sign of a widening antitrust crackdown against apple. european regulators previously hit apple with a $2 billion fine in march for “abusing a dominant position” in the digital music streaming market. in the us, the justice department recently filed a landmark antitrust suit alleging apple has engaged in anticompetitive behavior to ensure the dominance of its iphone in the smartphone market. with post wires

european union regulators have accused apple of violating new laws to curb the dominance of big tech companies. the european commission, which oversees competition in the eu, has found that apple’s app store unfairly limits rival marketplaces. this makes this the first time a company has been found in breach of the digital markets act (dma). the commission claims that apple’s app store practices squeeze out competitors by not allowing developers to inform customers about cheaper alternatives to the app store. apple charges developers an average commission of 30%, which the commission alleges is excessive. apple faces a potential fine of up to 10% of its global revenue if it fails to comply with these regulations. despite these allegations, apple remains confident that its current practices comply with the law. the tech giant has been given the opportunity to review the preliminary findings of the investigation and can avoid a substantial fine by submitting a satisfactory proposal to the eu. apple maintains that it has made significant changes to ensure compliance with the dma. in a statement, apple said, "we estimate more than 99% of developers would pay the same or less in fees to apple under the new business terms we created. all developers doing business in the eu on the app store can utilise the capabilities we have introduced, including the ability to direct app users to the web to complete purchases at a very competitive rate."one of apple’s main defences is that the app store provides robust security measures for users, which it argues could be compromised by using alternative app stores. the european commission has expressed a willingness to discuss these security concerns further. in a separate but related move, the european commission has launched another investigation into apple's new contractual terms for developers. this investigation focuses on three main areas: the €0.50 fee apple charges developers for each app downloaded outside of its app store. the multiple steps users must take to download apps from alternative stores. whether apple’s eligibility criteria for alternative app store developers breach the dma. apple has responded by noting that it has changed its eligibility criteria to make it easier for developers to set up app stores and removed the €0.50 fee for non revenue generating apps, such as those designed by students. the eu commissioner stated, "we have reason to believe that the app store rules not allowing app developers to communicate freely with their own users is in breach of the dma." he also noted that apple's fees "go beyond what is strictly necessary." as the situation unfolds, apple must navigate the eu’s stringent regulatory landscape while balancing the interests of developers, users, and its own business model. the tech giant's response and future actions will determine whether it can mitigate the impact of these regulatory challenges and align with the eu’s digital market regulations. the digital markets act (dma) is a landmark regulation introduced by the european union to ensure fairness and competition in the digital market. it establishes clear criteria to identify large online platforms, known as "gatekeepers," and sets out rules to prevent these platforms from engaging in unfair practices. the dma is designed to regulate the behaviour of large digital platforms, ensuring they act fairly and allow for competition and innovation. it is a key component of the european digital strategy, aiming to create a more equitable online environment. gatekeepers are large digital platforms that provide core platform services, such as online search engines, app stores, and messenger services. to qualify as a gatekeeper, a platform must meet several criteria: strong economic position: significant impact on the internal market and active in multiple eu countries. strong intermediation position: connects a large user base with a substantial number of businesses. entrenched market position: stability and durability in their market position over time. on 6th september 2023, the european commission designated six companies as gatekeepers: alphabet, amazon, apple, bytedance, meta, and microsoft. in total, 22 core platform services provided by these gatekeepers were identified. the dma offers several benefits for various stakeholders: for business users: companies that depend on gatekeepers to offer their services will experience a fairer business environment. the dma ensures that gatekeepers cannot impose unfair terms and conditions, enabling businesses to thrive. for innovators and start ups: the act opens up opportunities for new technology companies to compete and innovate without being stifled by the dominant gatekeepers. this encourages a more dynamic and diverse digital market. for consumers: individuals will enjoy a broader range of services, the ability to switch providers more easily, direct access to services, and fairer prices. the dma promotes consumer choice and competition. for gatekeepers: while the dma imposes restrictions on unfair practices, gatekeepers retain the freedom to innovate and offer new services. they must, however, ensure that their actions do not unfairly disadvantage business users and consumers. gatekeepers must adhere to a set of obligations (do's) and prohibitions (don'ts) outlined in the dma. these rules are designed to prevent gatekeepers from exploiting their dominant position to the detriment of other businesses and consumers. the dma complements existing eu competition laws, which continue to apply fully. it is one of the first regulatory frameworks to comprehensively address the power of the largest digital companies, ensuring a balanced and competitive digital market. the digital markets act is a significant step towards fostering a fairer and more competitive digital market in the eu. by regulating the actions of gatekeepers, the dma aims to create a level playing field for all businesses and provide better choices and prices for consumers. the dma ensures that innovation and competition can flourish without the constraints of unfair practices by dominant platforms. gerrish legal is a dynamic digital law firm. we pride ourselves on giving high quality and expert legal advice to our valued clients. we specialise in many aspects of digital law such as gdpr, data privacy, digital and technology law, commercial law, and intellectual property. we give companies the support they need to successfully and confidently run their businesses whilst complying with legal regulations without the burdens of keeping up with ever changing digital requirements. we are here to help you, get in contact with us today for more information. telephone: +33 (0) 6 74 02 45 07email: info@gerrishlegal.comcontact form this site is protected by recaptcha and the google privacy policy and google terms of service apply. your personal data is always processed in accordance with our privacy policy. for more information on 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the iphone maker is the first company to be told it may not be complying with the eu’s digital markets act. amsterdam   apple was charged with breaching the european union's digital competition rules over how it runs its app store, the first company to fall foul of the landmark legislation to clamp down on big tech. the iphone maker now risks an eu fine of up to 10 percent of its worldwide revenue for failing to comply with the digital markets act (dma). the company made $383 billion last year. officials have until next march to wrap up their probe. the european commission also added a fresh probe into the company's fee for developers which publishers and other app developers have blasted as unfair. the eu is aiming to show that its new law must be taken seriously. eu competition chief margrethe vestager told an amsterdam event on monday that she was concerned that "apple designed its new business model to discourage developers and end users from taking advantage of the opportunities" that the dma should provide to stoke alternatives to big tech services. the commission said its preliminary view was that apple's app store rules "are in breach" of the dma because business terms prevent developers from steering consumers to alternative ways to pay or to get content outside of apple's ecosystem. it said developers can't provide pricing information within the app or promote offers available via their own websites. the only steering that apple allows are "link outs" that restrict what information users can be given. the eu also said apple's fees "go beyond what is strictly necessary" to help developers sign up a new customer, pointing to a fee for every purchase a user makes in the seven days after signing up via a link out. apple is "confident our plan complies with the law, and estimate more than 99% of developers would pay the same or less in fees to apple under the new business terms we created," said company spokesperson julien trosdorf. apple has been at war with eu competition enforcers on several fronts. it is separately challenging a €1.8 billion eu antitrust fine over rules it imposes on music streaming platforms like spotify. the company is also engaged in a long court battle with the eu over its tax arrangements in ireland. apple has also been a vocal opponent of the dma, saying the changes it has already had to make to its iphones' operating system in europe expose users to malware attacks. last week it said that "regulatory uncertainties" stopped it from launching new artificial intelligence features in the region. the eu antitrust watchdog is also investigating google owner alphabet and facebook's meta over alleged dma breaches. the case is dma.100109. this article has been updated with comment from apple. america is raising the prospect of breaking up google just as eu considers ordering the company to split off part of its ads business. teresa ribera has been tasked with tough demands to overhaul competition and merger rules. vegan sausages and burgers have rights, too, court of justice rules. academic becomes the third italian to take influential post after a previous u.s. pick was forced out.

tech giant apple is expected to be fined under the european union's digital markets act (dma), reuters reported citing sources familiar with the matter. in june 2024, regulators charged that the iphone maker had violated the eu’s tech regulations, marking the commission’s first enforcement action under the act. subsequently, in september, apple received a warning from the eu to make its iphone and ipad operating systems (os) compatible with rival technologies or face potential fines under the act. the impending fine, likely to be announced in november 2024, would be another addition to apple's antitrust challenges in the eu, as regulators are seeking to create a more equitable environment for smaller companies. the anticipated penalty comes as regulators prepare to address apple's restrictions that prevent app developers from directing users to more affordable options outside the app store. this development follows a substantial €1.84bn ($2.01bn) fine imposed on apple in march 2024, for limiting competition in music streaming through its app store policies. the company is also under scrutiny for new charges levied on app developers. penalties for violating the digital markets act could reach up to 10% of apple's global annual revenue. the act mandates that apple must permit users to choose their default web browser on ipads, allow third party app stores, and enable accessory compatibility with ipad os. apple has not commented on the matter, and the european commission is yet to respond to inquiries. the company also lost a recent court case in the eu, resulting in a €13bn back tax payment to ireland. "apple to reportedly face eu antitrust fine" was originally created and published by verdict, a globaldata owned brand. the information on this site has been included in good faith for general informational purposes only. it is not intended to amount to advice on which you should rely, and we give no representation, warranty or guarantee, whether express or implied as to its accuracy or completeness. you must obtain professional or specialist advice before taking, or refraining from, any action on the basis of the content on our site. sign in to access your portfolio

agree & join linkedin by clicking continue to join or sign in, you agree to linkedin’s user agreement, privacy policy, and cookie policy. 108 followers apple looks set to be one of the first charged by the eu under the new digital markets law https://trib.al/m17zxmj to view or add a comment, sign in 10 followers 🚨 apple faces its first eu digital markets act penalty   in a landmark moment, apple is facing its first penalty under the eu's digital markets act. this move signals significant regulatory action as the eu seeks to enforce fair competition within digital markets. what does this mean for apple and tech giants worldwide? #apple #digitalmarketsact #euregulation #mahamananews #techpolicy #digitaleconomy #competitionlaw to view or add a comment, sign in director business development | guest/customer experience, go to market & digital transformation the european commission's recent preliminary findings against apple signal a changing tide. the commission alleges that apple has violated the european digital markets act, a rather new law aiming to regulate the power of big tech. here's what stands out to me: the commission is not just posturing; they're imposing concrete measures to enforce the dma, highlighting europe’s ambition to take the global lead in tech regulation. the possibility of imposing fines up to 10% of a company’s global revenue, or even 20% for repeated infringements, isn't just a slap on the wrist   it's a potential game changer that could force significant shifts in how tech giants operate overseas. the focus on apple's app store rules, specifically how developers communicate payment options to consumers, indicates where the european commission is drawing its battle lines. this isn't solely about ensuring a competitive market; it’s about protecting consumer choices and transparency in digital marketplaces. from my perspective, the speed at which the european commission is moving with the dma is noteworthy. unlike past antitrust laws that allowed for lengthy investigations and slapdash enforcement, the dma represents a more agile and forceful regulatory approach. to view or add a comment, sign in 22,008 followers apple is poised to face its first penalty under the european union’s newly implemented digital markets act (dma), as the eu intensifies its regulatory pressure on big tech. this anticipated fine, which marks a new chapter in the ongoing conflict between apple and european regulators, addresses the tech giant’s restrictive policies surrounding its app store... #techreg #apple #appstore #digitalmarketsact #europe #bigtech #regulators to view or add a comment, sign in 308 followers apple is potentially facing substantial fines, possibly reaching billions of euros, due to non compliance with the european union's digital markets act. the european commission has stipulated that apple must enable developers to guide users towards more affordable deals outside the app store. moreover, a fresh investigation into app store fees has been launched by the regulator. these developments, reported by bloomberg's mark gurman, highlight the increasing scrutiny apple faces from european regulators. #apple #digitalmarketsact #europeancommission #appstore #techregulation #eu                        learn more here: https://lnkd.in/etykudep to view or add a comment, sign in 27,895 followers apple in hot water over eu competition rules breach the european commission has taken a critical stance against apple, revealing preliminary findings from an investigation launched in march. according to the commission, apple's practices may violate the digital markets act (dma) by restricting app developers from guiding consumers towards alternative channels for offers and content. this landmark case could reshape how tech giants operate within the eu, ensuring fair competition and greater choices for consumers. we'll be watching this space to see how the story unfolds. #technews #digitalmarketsact #euregulations https://loom.ly/mobtg_c to view or add a comment, sign in 11,101 followers apple has become the first company to be charged by european union antitrust regulators under the eu’s digital markets act (dma). this act aims to "comprehensively regulate the gatekeeper power of the largest digital companies." according to reuters, eu antitrust chief margrethe vestager highlighted that apple's new terms do not comply with the dma. apple may avoid fines by modifying their business terms to address these issues. otherwise, fines for dma violations could reach up to 10% of a company’s global annual turnover. the investigation, launched in march, led to initial findings being sent to apple on monday, june 24. this development underscores the eu's commitment to ensuring fair competition and regulating the power of major digital players. it also serves as a significant reminder for other tech giants about the importance of compliance with the dma. we’ve got more details here: to view or add a comment, sign in 95,437 followers 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐞'𝐬 𝐀𝐩𝐩 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐲 𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞: 𝐄𝐔 𝐋𝐚𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐃𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭𝐬 𝐀𝐜𝐭 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐬 the european union has charged apple with violating the digital markets act (dma), marking the first such charges under the new law aimed at enhancing competition in digital markets. the eu alleges that apple's app store policies restrict developers from directing customers to alternative purchasing options outside the app store, thereby limiting competition. this charge could result in a hefty fine of up to 10% of apple's global revenue if the company is found guilty. it's just the latest in a series of regulatory challenges for apple, including a recent $2 billion fine in europe and an antitrust lawsuit from the us department of justice. apple maintains that it's made changes to comply with the dma and will continue to engage with regulators. meanwhile, eu competition chief margrethe vestager expressed surprise at big tech companies' apparent reluctance to embrace compliance as a "badge of honor." as the tech world watches closely, this case could set a precedent for how digital competition laws are enforced globally. to view or add a comment, sign in 194 followers 📢 apple faces potential fine under eu’s digital markets act (dma) 📢 apple is under scrutiny as the european union moves to enforce its digital markets act, which aims to curb monopolistic practices by “gatekeeper” tech companies. according to reuters, apple may soon face a substantial fine for not complying with certain regulations intended to level the playing field for competitors in the digital space. the dma’s enforcement signals the eu’s increasing commitment to maintaining fair competition across the tech sector, particularly as it pertains to user choice and platform openness. for companies and users alike, this could lead to major shifts in how apps, payment systems, and interoperability are managed across apple’s ecosystem. 👀 what could this mean? • greater app choice and flexibility for users • enhanced opportunities for developers and smaller tech companies • potential adjustments in how apple operates within the eu market read the full story on reuters for more insights: https://lnkd.in/enzu58jq #antitrust #competitionlaw #digitalmarketsact #regulatorycompliance #dataprivacy #corporatelaw #mergersandacquisitions #digitalregulation #lawandtechnology to view or add a comment, sign in certified project manager (pmp) | certified product owner (pspo) | business analyst | problem solver! the european union (eu) has charged apple with violating the new digital markets act. the charges relate developers being hindered from freely directing consumers to alternative methods of purchasing products and accessing content outside the apple app store ecosystem. additionally, the investigation look sat whether apple’s fees for third party developers violate the provisions of this new law. if found guilty, apple could face fines up to 10% of its global revenue. however, the company has an opportunity to respond to these preliminary findings before eu regulators reach a final decision by march 2025. apple now holds the distinction of being the first company charged under the eu's digital markets act. #apple #digitalmarketsact #eu https://lnkd.in/ehq6xswd to view or add a comment, sign in 683 followers the european union has charged apple (aapl.o) with violating the digital markets act (dma), a landmark regulation aimed at curbing big tech's power and promoting fair competition. the european commission's preliminary findings suggest that apple's new terms restrict app developers' ability to freely communicate and contract with end users. this case could result in significant fines, up to 10% of apple's global annual turnover, if apple does not address these concerns. apple has responded by stating its commitment to compliance and ongoing engagement with the commission. #eu #apple #digitalmarketsact #techregulation #faircompetition #antitrust #bigtech https://lnkd.in/gtzw3rg3 to view or add a comment, sign in 108 followers create your free account or sign in to continue your search or by clicking continue to join or sign in, you agree to linkedin’s user agreement, privacy policy, and cookie policy. new to linkedin? join now or new to linkedin? join now by clicking continue to join or sign in, you agree to linkedin’s user agreement, privacy policy, and cookie policy. linkedin never miss a beat on the app don’t have the app? get it in the microsoft store.

by verge staff the european union’s digital markets act (dma) has come into force, and it’s meant that some of the world’s biggest tech companies are having to make major changes to how they operate. the law, which is designed to increase competition in the eu’s digital markets, designates some large online companies and their services as “gatekeepers.” those that have received the gatekeeper designation   the companies on the list are alphabet, amazon, apple, bytedance, meta, and microsoft   have to meet strict requirements intended to reduce anticompetitive behavior. specific changes include apple allowing alternative app stores on ios, meta making whatsapp interoperable with other messaging services, and google letting eu users choose which services share their data. but it’s likely we haven’t seen the last of the changes brought about by the dma, as critics push back against how the likes of apple are complying with the law in the hope that it’ll change its approach. you can read all of our coverage about the dma below. jess weatherbed the european union has published several recommendations for apple to make ios and ipados more interoperable with competitors following two separate dma proceedings launched in september, sparking concerns about user privacy from the iphone maker. on wednesday, the eu commission submitted draft recommendations to apple regarding changes that would make the ios operating system more compatible with third party devices like smartwatches, earbuds, and headsets. the commission is also proposing measures to improve how apple communicates with developers who make interoperability requests for ios and ipados, including increased transparency around internal features and rejections. thomas ricker hotel related search results in germany, belgium, and estonia are temporarily stripping out the map, property info and other clutter as shown in the gallery below. after the test, google will look at how the change impacted “both the user experience and traffic to websites.” it’s part of a series of changes meant to appease the eu’s dma police and travel sites that have lost traffic as google’s search results became worse, according to users, but more helpful, according to the advertising giant. update, november 26th: added before and after images. emma roth apple will soon become the first company to incur a fine for violating the european union’s digital markets act (dma), reports bloomberg. sources tell the outlet that the commission is getting ready to levy the penalty after it found that apple’s “anti steering” practices harmed competition on the app store. this follows the eu’s €1.84 billion (around $2 billion) fine imposed on apple in march. after investigating a complaint from spotify, the eu commission ruled that apple restricted developers’ ability to point users to cheaper purchases outside the app store in march   a practice that’s illegal under the dma. richard lawler while platforms like youtube, facebook, and the app store deal with digital markets act regulations put on powerful digital gatekeepers, the service formerly known as twitter won’t have that problem: following a thorough assessment of all arguments, including input by relevant stakeholders, and after consulting the digital markets advisory committee, the commission concluded that x does indeed not qualify as a gatekeeper in relation to its online social networking service, given that the investigation revealed that x is not an important gateway for business users to reach end users. [digital markets act (dma)] richard lawler bloomberg reports that “a formal chargesheet” is being prepared by eu officials, taking issue with how it presents rivals on search services like google flights and google hotels. search is already under antitrust fire in the us, and those findings could lead to a big financial penalty under the dma, although things could change before a final decision is due before april 2025. [bloomberg] jess weatherbed the european commission has opened new proceedings under the digital markets act (dma) that will see the bloc instruct apple on how it can comply with its interoperability obligations. the two “specification proceedings” focused on ios and ipados will conclude within six months. under dma, apple is required to provide third parties “free and effective interoperability” with hardware and software features controlled by ios and ipados. now the eu is going to help apple understand what that specifically means. emma roth the epic games store has arrived on the ipad for users in the european union, making games like fortnite and fall guys available to play from the device. the launch comes as part of monday’s ipados 18 update, which lets eu users download apps from third party app stores on the ipad. the epic games store   and several other alternative app marketplaces   launched on the iphone in the eu last month. jess weatherbed the setapp mobile alternative app store is now available in open beta for iphone users in the european union, featuring 50 different productivity  and lifestyle focused apps at launch. while most of these apps, like the tripsy itinerary planner and mindnode mind mapping tool, are already available on the official ios app store, setapp creator macpaw says its own platform provides a simplified user experience and a fair, performance based compensation model for app developers. setapp was originally released as an app marketplace for macos before the company launched a mobile version for ios users. setapp mobile launched as a closed beta in may, shortly after the european union’s digital markets act forced apple to start allowing iphones to support third party app marketplaces. jess weatherbed apple will let ipad users in the european union download apps from alternative app marketplaces starting next week, coinciding with the release of ipados 18 on september 16th. the change comes after the ipad operating system was designated a “core platform service” in april under the eu’s digital markets act (dma), the same rules that forced the company to allow third party app stores on iphones earlier this year. a handful of third party app stores have already launched for iphone users in the eu, such as setapp mobile, altstore pal, and the new epic games store, which has committed to supporting ipads this year. so hold tight, fortnite fans. you’ll soon have a larger display option for on the go gaming. emma roth meta has finally pulled the curtain back on what its plans for third party chats in whatsapp and messenger will look like. the change, which is coming for users in the european union, introduces new options to put messenger and whatsapp messages in the same inbox as third party chats or keep them separate. it’s building new notifications into messenger and whatsapp as well, which will let users know when they can link chats from newly supported apps. meta says it has “gone above and beyond the ‘basic’ features required for interoperable messaging” and will offer rich messaging features, like reactions, direct replies, typing indicators, and read receipts. emma roth apple will soon let iphone and ipad users in the european union choose default apps for phone calls, messaging, keyboards, password managers, and more. these options will be available later this year in a new “default apps” section in settings, according to an update on thursday. in the spring of next year, apple says it will also let users set default navigation, translation apps, and call spam filter apps. along with these new options, iphone users in the eu will add the ability to delete the app store, messages, camera, photos, and safari apps. the only apps apple won’t let users delete are settings and phone. emma roth apple is splitting its app store division in half, according to a report from bloomberg. while one group of employees will run the app store, the other will manage its approach to alternative marketplaces that have started opening up in the european union. as part of the change, app store vice president matt fischer will leave the company after more than a decade in the role. “this has been on my mind for some time, and as we are also reorganizing the team to better manage new challenges and opportunities, now is the right moment to pass the baton to two outstanding leaders on my team,” fischer writes in an email to employees seen by bloomberg. fischer has also posted the email on linkedin. callum booth for the first time since august 2020, fortnite is back on ios, and it’s just as exciting and engaging as ever   although a lot has changed in that time. following years of legal battles, rumors, and the launch of the digital markets act (dma), epic games’ flagship title has reappeared on the newly launched epic games store on ios and android, as well as the altstore pal third party marketplace. emma roth apple is tweaking its app store rules in the eu after regulators charged the company with breaking the digital markets act (dma) in june. at first glance, the updated rules appear to give developers more freedom when linking to outside purchases   but a restrictive new fee structure will force developers to pay apple a commission for sales made across any platform, not just ios, for as long as they include outside links. starting this fall, all developers in the eu will be able to include links that lead to purchases outside their apps. the updated rules will let developers tell their users about offers on the web, on another app store, or otherwise “at a destination of their choice.” it allows developers to include as many links as they want and gives users an option to disable in app scare screens. jess weatherbed the eu’s general court has ruled that tiktok parent company bytedance meets the required user threshold to be a “gatekeeper” under the digital markets act. tiktok has claimed it wasn’t valuable enough, and failed to obtain interim measures to avoid having to comply with dma rules while it appealed the designation. the decision can still be appealed to the european court of justice. [bloomberg] wes davis the epic games store app for eu iphones has passed apple’s notarization process, putting the alternative app store a step closer to selling apps directly to ios users outside of the app store. appleinsider reports that while apple confirmed the app had passed, it has asked epic to “fix the buttons” in a future submission to the company’s app review process. but the approval is just “temporary,” posted epic ceo tim sweeney, who puts apple’s request differently. he says the company is “demanding we change the buttons in the next version,” vowing that the company will “fight this.” the apparently conditional approval is just the latest part of the back and forth saga between apple and epic. previously, apple reinstated epic games sweden’s european developer license after eu regulators started investigating its decision to pull it. richard lawler hours after posting that a notarization submission for the epic games store had been rejected by apple, epic and its ceo tim sweeney now say it has been un rejected (a familiar situation here). we’re still months away from eu residents actually getting the store on their iphones and ipads, complete with fortnite, but one barrier has been removed. jay peters epic games has submitted the epic games store and fortnite to apple for notarization. the company aims to launch them both in the eu on ios in “the next couple months.” in january, epic said it planned to bring both to ios “this year.” wes davis the eu has formally charged meta with violations of its digital markets act (dma), marking its second such charge in as many weeks. the european commission writes in a preliminary ruling that the “pay or consent” advertising model that launched last year for facebook and instagram users runs afoul of article 5(2) of the dma by not giving users a third option that uses less data for ad targeting but is still free to use. regulators found in their investigation that meta gives users a “binary choice” that forces them to either choose to pay a monthly subscription fee to get the ad free version of facebook and instagram or consent to the ad supported version. where meta runs afoul of its rules, it says, is by not letting users opt for a free version that “uses less of their personal data but is otherwise equivalent to the ‘personalised ads’ based service” and by not allowing them to “exercise their right to freely consent to the combination of their personal data.” jess weatherbed apple cited “regulatory uncertainties” and “interoperability requirements” under the digital markets act (dma) as reasons for delaying its ai features on eu iphones, but margrethe vestager suggested something more sinister is at play at a forum europa event on thursday: “i find that very interesting, that they say ‘we will now deploy ai where we’re not obliged to enable competition.’ i think that is the most stunning, open declaration that they know 100 percent that this is another way of disabling competition where they have a stronghold already.” thomas ricker apple’s app store “steering” policies violate the eu’s digital markets act meant to encourage competition, said regulators in their preliminary ruling monday. the european commission has also opened a new investigation into apple’s support for alternative ios marketplaces in europe, including the core technology fee it charges developers. “our preliminary position is that apple does not fully allow steering,” said margrethe vestager who heads up competition policy in europe. “steering is key to ensure that app developers are less dependent on gatekeepers’ app stores and for consumers to be aware of better offers.” richard lawler apple says upcoming features like its apple intelligence generative ai tools, iphone mirroring, and shareplay screen sharing may not be available in the european union this year, as reported previously by bloomberg. why? the digital markets act (dma), says apple, citing the eu law that puts strict requirements on the “gatekeepers” that control massive online platforms to block anticompetitive behavior. recently, rumors have indicated that apple and meta could soon face charges over dma violations. jay peters apple and meta could soon face charges from the european commission for violating digital markets act (dma) rules. the financial times reported friday that the commission is planning to charge apple, and reuters reported later that meta could be charged as well. the commission is reported to be targeting apple over its “steering” rules that charge developers for pointing to third party purchase options. meta’s charges will reportedly revolve around its ad free subscription for facebook and instagram in the eu. emma roth eu regulators are preparing to charge apple over claims it’s stifling competition by charging developers to link users to outside purchases, according to the financial times. the decision is expected in the coming weeks and would mark the first time the eu has charged a company under the newly imposed digital markets act. [financialtimes] thomas ricker the eu’s digital markets act (dma) came into force in march, resulting in the launch of the following new third party ios app marketplaces: • altstore pal (hands on) • setapp mobile (hands on) • aptoide game store (hands on) • mobivention (hands on) each has its own pros and cons but none has been able to upset the balance of power in europe. a weekly newsletter by david pierce designed to tell you everything you need to download, watch, read, listen to, and explore that fits in the verge’s universe. © 2025 vox media, llc. all rights reserved

big tech, also known as the tech giants or tech titans,[1] is a grouping of the largest it companies in the world. the concept of big tech is similar to the grouping of dominant companies in other sectors.[2] it typically refers to the big five united states tech companies: alphabet, amazon, apple, meta, and microsoft;[3][4][5] or the magnificent seven, which includes nvidia and tesla.[6][7][8] big tech can also include chinese companies such as baidu, alibaba, tencent, and xiaomi (batx). in the 20th century, ibm and microsoft dominated the it industry.[9] after the dot com bubble wiped out most of the nasdaq composite stock market index, surviving tech startups expanded their market share and became dominant in their markets. the term big tech began to appear around 2013, when some economists speculated that a lack of regulation could lead to concentrated market power. the term big tech became popular following the investigation into russian interference in the 2016 united states elections, because access to a large amount of data allowed tech companies to influence their users.[10] the concept of big tech is similar to how the largest oil companies were called big oil following the 1970s energy crisis, and the largest cigarette producers were called big tobacco, as congress sought to regulate those industries.[2] it is also similar to how, at the turn of the 21st century, the mainstream media became dominated by a small number of corporations called big media or the media giants.[11] in the early 2020s, software developers and cryptocurrency users responded to the perceived excesses of the tech giants by starting a movement called web3[12][13][14] to incorporate blockchain based decentralization into the world wide web.[15] alphabet is the parent company of google. as of 2024[update], google is the leader in online advertising (google ads), online search (google search), video sharing (youtube), email (gmail), web browsers (google chrome), web mapping (google maps and waze), mobile operating systems (android), and cloud storage (google drive). google cloud platform is the third most popular cloud computing platform after amazon web services and microsoft azure. google and meta have been called a digital advertising duopoly.[16] google earns 82% of its revenue and most of its profit from advertising.[17] in addition to its google products, alphabet is a global leader in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and self driving cars. in 2019, google claimed its sycamore processor had achieved quantum supremacy.[18] in 2021, alphabet's subsidiary waymo was the first company to offer public robotaxi service.[19] alphabet reached $1 trillion in market capitalization for the first time in january 2020.[20][21] with amazon alexa and amazon echo, amazon is the leader in the area of artificial intelligence based personal digital assistants and smart speakers (amazon echo) with 69% market share followed by google (google nest) at 25% market share. amazon web services made up 59% of amazon's profit in 2020,[22] and more than half of the company's profit every year since 2014.[23] after amazon elastic compute cloud (ec2) was released in 2006, google developed google app engine (now google cloud platform) and microsoft developed windows azure (now microsoft azure).[24] after crossing $1 trillion during trading hours once in september 2018 and again in january 2020,[25][26] amazon closed above $1 trillion for the first time in april 2020.[27] in november 2022, amazon fell below $1 trillion for the first time since 2020,[28] part of a 51% decline from $1.7 trillion at the beginning of 2022 to $834 billion at the end of the year.[29] by may 2023, amazon stock was again worth more than $1 trillion.[30] in june 2024, amazon crossed $2 trillion in market capitalization.[31] apple sells consumer electronics, including laptops, smartphones, and smartwatches. apple shares a duopoly with google in mobile operating systems, with apple's ios controlling 27% market share and google's android controlling 72%.[32][33] in august 2018, apple became the first publicly traded u.s. company in history to reach a market capitalization of $1 trillion.[34][35] in august 2020, apple became the first publicly traded u.s. company in history to reach a market capitalization of $2 trillion.[36] in january 2022, apple became the first publicly traded u.s. company in history to reach a market capitalization of $3 trillion.[37] in january 2023, apple fell below $2 trillion.[38] apple closed above $3 trillion for the first time in june 2023 and closed above $3 trillion again in december 2023.[39][40] meta platforms (formerly facebook)[41] owns the facebook social networking service, the instagram image sharing service, and the whatsapp instant messaging service. facebook also acquired oculus in 2014, entering the virtual reality market.[42] microsoft controls the majority of market share in desktop operating systems (microsoft windows),[43] productivity software (microsoft office and microsoft 365),[44] and business communication software (microsoft teams).[45] microsoft owns the second biggest cloud computing platform (microsoft azure)[46] after amazon web services. microsoft is also one of the biggest companies in the video game industry (microsoft gaming). in april 2019, microsoft reached $1 trillion in market capitalization for the first time.[47] in june 2021, microsoft crossed $2 trillion for the first time,[48][49] and in october 2021 briefly surpassed apple as the most valuable company in the world before finishing the year second to apple at $2.5 trillion.[50][51] after its stock fell during most of 2022,[52] microsoft finished the year below $2 trillion.[53] by may 2023, microsoft stock was again worth more than $2 trillion.[30] in january 2024, microsoft briefly surpassed apple as the most valuable u.s. company,[54] and crossed $3 trillion during trading hours.[55] nvidia is a software and fabless company which designs and supplies graphics processing units (gpus), application programming interfaces (apis) for data science and high performance computing, as well as system on a chip units (socs) for the mobile computing and automotive market. nvidia is also a dominant supplier of artificial intelligence (ai) hardware and software.[56][57][58] in the early 2020s, nvidia became the leading producer of ai chips, drastically increasing its capitalization.[59] nvidia crossed $1 trillion in market capitalization by may 2023,[60] and by the end of 2024, had surpassed amazon and alphabet while vying with microsoft and apple for the most valuable publicly traded u.s. company.[61][62][63] tesla's classification as a tech company has been debated. in 2022, fortune included tesla in big tech, and the washington post argued that tesla vehicles are comparable to iphones.[64][65] business insider argued that tesla should be classified as an automaker.[66] barron's argued that tesla is a tech company, but not a good one due to differences in the it and automotive markets.[67] the wall street journal raised concerns about the supply chain, the semiconductor shortage, and the price of electric vehicle batteries.[68] in october 2021, tesla crossed $1 trillion in market capitalization.[69][70] during the 2022 stock market decline, tesla stock fell 73% from $1.3 trillion in november 2021 to $495 billion at the end of 2022, including a 40% drop in december 2022 alone.[71][72][73] in response to the stock price declining over twice as much as the nasdaq composite index, tesla ceo elon musk advised employees not to be bothered by the "stock market craziness".[74] in november 2024, tesla recrossed $1 trillion in market capitalization.[75] smaller companies like adobe, ibm, netflix, oracle, salesforce, snap, uber, and x are sometimes referred to as big tech due to their popular influence.[77][78] two chinese tech companies, alibaba and tencent, were among the top ten most valuable public companies worldwide at the end of the 2010s. smyrnaios argued in 2016 that the asian tech giants samsung, alibaba, baidu, and tencent could be included in the definition of big tech.[79] tiktok developer bytedance and drone manufacturer dji have also been called big tech.[80][81] in the early 2010s, alphabet, amazon, apple, and meta were commonly referred to as the big four. they were also referred to as the four, the gang of four, and the four horsemen.[82][83][84] they were known as gafa before facebook changed its name to meta in 2021.[85] eric schmidt, phil simon, and scott galloway grouped the big four together based on their ability to create social change. they serve billions of users,[86] and are able to influence user behavior and control large amounts of user data.[10] as such, they have been criticized for creating a new economic order called surveillance capitalism.[87] according to simon and galloway, this distinguishes them from other big tech companies such as microsoft and ibm.[88][89] in 2011, google executive chair eric schmidt excluded microsoft from the group, stating, "microsoft is not driving the consumer revolution in the minds of the consumers."[90][91] in the late 2010s, the term big four lost favor as microsoft changed its business strategy and increased its market value, leading to its widespread inclusion among the other four and leading to the big five designation.[92][93][50] alphabet, amazon, apple, meta, and microsoft are known as the big five tech companies.[92][95][96][97][98] they were known as gafam before facebook changed its name to meta in 2021.[85] they are among the most valuable public companies.[99][100] in 2020, the big five ranked as the second through sixth most valuable public companies in the world, behind saudi aramco.[99] in august 2020, the big five accounted for nearly a quarter of the s&p 500. in march 2023, apple and microsoft accounted for 13 percent of the s&p 500.[101] the big five are among the most prestigious employers in the world.[102][103][104] in the 21st century the big five tech companies surpassed the market capitalization of the historically dominant big oil companies bp, chevron, exxonmobil, and shell. in 2019, jason whittaker stated that they also outpaced big media companies such as comcast, disney, and warner bros. discovery by a factor of 10.[105] in 2017, the big five had a combined value of over $3.3 trillion, and made up almost half of the nasdaq 100.[32] a larger group called the magnificent seven adds nvidia and tesla to the big five based on their contributions to the s&p 500 since 2022. in 2023, the magnificent seven were responsible for almost two thirds of the s&p 500's 24% increase.[106] the group had a 107% return on investment, which analysts credited to the ai boom and federal reserve rate cut expectations.[107][108] in january 2024, the group accounted for 29% of the s&p 500's market capitalization.[109] in february 2024, as the magnificent seven approached an unprecedented combined valuation of $13 trillion,[110] deutsche bank noted that the magnificent seven would constitute the second largest stock market in the world as their combined market capitalization exceeded the combined value of every public company in every g20 country except china, japan, and the united states as a whole.[107] at the end of the second quarter of 2024, morgan stanley estimated that the magnificent seven accounted for 31% of the market capitalization of the s&p 500.[111] some analysts expressed concern that extreme concentration could cause a stock market crash similar to the dot com bubble or even the wall street crash of 1929.[107] others believe the magnificent seven can continue to outperform other stocks as capital flows into index funds.[106] on august 5, 2024, the magnificent seven companies lost a combined $1 trillion in market capitalization at the start of trading hours.[112] acronyms such as fang, faang, gafa, gafam, mamaa, gamma, and others have been used to refer to big tech companies.[113] alphabet, the parent company of google, may be represented by g in these acronyms, and meta, the rebranding of facebook, may be represented by f.[93] the acronym fang was coined in 2013 by jim cramer, the television host of cnbc's mad money, to refer to facebook, amazon, netflix, and google. cramer called these companies "totally dominant in their markets".[114] cramer stated that the four companies were poised to "take a bite out of" the bear market, giving a double meaning to the acronym, according to cramer's colleague at realmoney.com, bob lang.[114][115][116] cramer expanded fang to faang in 2017, adding apple to the list because its revenue made it a potential fortune 50 company.[117] following facebook's name change to meta platforms in october 2021, as well as the 2015 creation of google holding company alphabet, cramer suggested replacing faang with mamaa, replacing netflix with microsoft because netflix's valuation had fallen behind the other companies. with microsoft, these companies were each valued at over $900 billion compared to netflix's $310 billion.[93] in november 2021, the motley fool suggested manamana (a reference to the 1968 song "mah nà mah nà") as an acronym that stands for microsoft, apple, netflix, alphabet, meta, amazon, nvidia, and adobe.[118] at the international level baidu, alibaba, tencent and xiaomi, referred to as batx, are often seen as chinese competitors to big tech. futurist amy webb has called the combination of the big five, ibm, alibaba, baidu, and tencent "g mafia bat".[119] nikos smyrnaios argued in 2016 that four phenomena allowed big tech to emerge: technological convergence, deregulation, globalization, and financialization.[79] he argued that people like nicholas negroponte promoted technological convergence and made an internet oligopoly appear desirable. the complexity of it made competition law ineffective, resulting in industry self regulation. globalization allowed big tech companies to minimize their tax burden and pay foreign workers lower wages.[79] without regulation, big tech earned big profits: in 2014, google, apple, and facebook earned over 20 percent profit margins.[79] critics have alleged that section 230 of the communications decency act allowed big tech to evade responsibility for user generated content. it states, "no provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider." section 230 has been called "the twenty six words that created the internet".[120][121] without the legal requirement for content moderation, online services could innovate freely and achieved rapid growth in the early days of the internet.[122] according to alexis madrigal, the innovation that initially characterized silicon valley has been replaced by a strategy of growth through acquisitions.[123] for example, apple started in 1976 as an engineering focused startup company, and quickly claimed market share from less innovative competitors like xerox.[123] the tech giants made timely investments in personal computers, websites, e commerce, mobile devices, social media, and cloud computing, and rank highly on the list of companies by research and development spending.[124][125] however, large companies tend to focus on operational efficiency instead of new product development.[123] legal scholar tim wu speculated that big tech acquisitions could create "kill zones" that stifle competition by taking potential competitors out of the marketplace. for example, facebook's acquisition of instagram prevented instagram from becoming an independent platform similar to facebook.[126] on the other hand, wu stated that microsoft's concentration of market power created a platform for new kinds of innovation.[127] according to the information technology and innovation foundation, "virtually all so called killer acquisitions represent the technologies and capabilities the companies view as critical to their competitiveness. if they purchase a company innovating within this zone, they are far more likely to develop its innovation than to bury it. in doing so, they often make the technology available faster and to more people than would otherwise be possible. if companies are prevented from making acquisitions, they are more likely to copy the products or develop alternative innovations than they are to ignore them. assuming incumbents don't violate intellectual property laws, this type of competition is both legal and socially beneficial."[128] competition between cloud platforms including amazon web services, microsoft azure, and google cloud platform contributed to open source software infrastructure including llvm and the linux kernel. the "cloud wars" also caused big tech companies to invest in data centers and undersea cables. the operational efficiency of big tech technology stacks means startup companies typically must use big tech infrastructure instead of building their own.[129][130] nikos smyrnaios argued in 2016 that big tech companies concentrate power by vertically integrating data centers, internet connectivity, computer hardware (including smartphones), operating systems, applications (including web browsers), and online services. he also argued that they concentrate power by horizontally integrating different services such as email, instant messaging, online searching, downloading, and streaming across platforms.[79] for example, google and microsoft pay for their search engines to be included with apple's iphone.[131] according to the economist, "network and scale effects mean that size begets size, while data can act as a barrier to entry."[132] the 2020 american docudrama film the social dilemma argues that capitalism is the root cause of big tech's harmful practices.[133] according to the globe and mail, both left wing and right wing politicians have criticized big tech.[134] progressives have alleged "runaway profit taking and concentration of wealth", and conservatives have alleged "liberal bias".[134] according to the new york times, "the left generally argues that companies like facebook and twitter aren't doing enough to root out misinformation, extremism and hate on their platforms, while the right insists that tech companies are going so overboard in their content decisions that they're suppressing conservative political views."[135] according to the hill, libertarians oppose government regulation of big tech due to their support for laissez faire economics.[136] scott galloway said big tech companies "avoid taxes, invade privacy, and destroy jobs".[137] nikos smyrnaios described big tech as an oligopoly that dominates the information technology market through anti competitive practices, ever increasing economic power, and intellectual property.[79] smyrnaios argued that the current situation is the result of deregulation, globalization, and the failure of politicians to understand and respond to developments in technology. smyrnaios recommended developing academic analysis of the political economy of the internet to understand the methods of domination and to criticize these methods to encourage opposition to that domination.[79] the practice of banning hate speech has received criticism from conservatives.[138] in july 2020, the united states house judiciary subcommittee on antitrust, commercial and administrative law interviewed the ceos of alphabet, amazon, apple, and facebook. during the hearings, some members of congress alleged bias against conservatives on social media.[139] matt gaetz protested amazon's ban on donations to hate groups, stating that jeff bezos should "divorce from the splc".[140] on november 5, 2020, president donald trump alleged "historic election interference from big money, big media, and big tech". conservative newspaper the washington times criticized trump's claims as lacking evidence.[141] during trump's speech that incited the january 6 united states capitol attack, he accused big tech of rigging the 2020 election and promised to "get rid of" section 230. according to trump, "they rigged it like they have never rigged an election before, and by the way, last night, they didn't do a bad job either."[142] after trump's twitter account was suspended, german chancellor angela merkel's chief spokesman steffen seibert noted that merkel found twitter's halt of trump's account "problematic", adding that legislators, not private companies, should decide on any necessary curbs to free expression if hate speech incites violence.[143][144] according to a february 2021 report by new york university researchers, conservative claims of social media censorship could be considered disinformation because the deleted statements were false. the report also recommended that social media platforms should increase their transparency to push back against claims of censorship.[145][146] conservatives argued that facebook and twitter limiting the spread of the hunter biden laptop controversy "proves big tech's bias".[147][148] in some cases, big tech platforms reversed actions perceived as censorship. the youtube channel right wing watch was banned for showing far right content to expose extreme views, but the channel was restored after viewer backlash.[149] human rights watch stated that excessive content removal, especially on facebook, meant losing evidence of human rights abuses.[150] facebook has also been accused of censoring left wing opinions. facebook removed ads by democratic senator elizabeth warren, who advocated breaking up facebook. warren accused the company of having the "ability to shut down a debate" and called for "a social media marketplace that isn't dominated by a single censor".[151][152] in 2025, meta's facebook, elon musk's x, google's youtube, and other tech companies agreed to address online hate speech by enforcing a revised code of conduct aligned with european commission rules. henna virkkunen, the eu tech commissioner, stated that europe has zero tolerance for hate speech, whether online or offline. she approved the tech companies' commitment to enforcing the code of conduct mandated by the digital services act (dsa).[153] following russian interference in the 2016 united states elections, facebook was criticized for failing to curb disinformation.[154] in the facebook cambridge analytica data scandal, facebook users were targeted for political propaganda based on their online activity, which facebook monitored and shared without consent.[155] in 2019, a senate intelligence committee report criticized facebook and twitter for failing to stop the spread of misinformation.[156] in response to criticism of their handling of misinformation and disinformation during the 2016 election, big tech companies cracked down on fake accounts and trolling.[157][158] during the covid 19 pandemic, big tech was criticized for allowing covid 19 misinformation.[159][160] according to representatives frank pallone, mike doyle, and jan schakowsky, "industry self regulation has failed. we must begin the work of changing incentives driving social media companies to allow and even promote misinformation and disinformation."[161][162] president joe biden criticized facebook for allowing anti vaccine activism.[163][164] imran ahmed, ceo of the center for countering digital hate, said, "while they fail to take action, lives are being lost."[165] in response to the criticism, big tech companies deleted numerous social media accounts and banned health related false advertising. human rights watch has criticized big tech, primarily facebook, for allowing misinformation to spread in developing countries.[150] big tech companies have faced political censorship. china banned google in 2010 because google refused to censor search results critical of the chinese communist party.[166][167] meta and x have been banned in china since 2009.[167] in india, facebook and twitter were accused of censorship during the 2020 2021 indian farmers' protest.[168][169] the wall street journal stated that facebook only restricted content criticizing the indian government, even if government supporters posted false statements.[170] in 2021, alexei navalny criticized apple and google for complying with a russian government order to ban the smart voting app.[166] on february 24, 2022, the russian invasion of ukraine began. in march 2022, russia blocked facebook and twitter because of "disinformation" and "fake news".[171] on march 21, 2022, russia recognized meta as an "extremist organization", making meta the first public company recognized as extremist in russia.[172] microsoft's linkedin has been blocked in russia since 2016.[173] the environmental impact of big tech is a phenomenon in which many aspects of big tech contribute to negative impacts on the environment and climate change. in the big data age, technologists and people in general find it valuable to view emerging technologies with a critical lens, one of which is geared toward the environment. as these emerging technologies become more popular, they consider the extent at which they contribute to changes in the environment and whether they are inherently positive or negative. on may 9, 2019, the parliament of france passed a law intended to force big tech to pay publishers for the reuse of substantial amounts of copyrighted content (related rights). the law is aimed at implementing article 15 of the directive on copyright in the digital single market of the european union.[177] concerns over monopolistic practices have led to antitrust investigations in big tech from both united states and european union regulatory agencies.[178][179][180][181] these investigations have raised concerns around big tech on privacy, market power, freedom of speech, national security, and law enforcement.[182] in 2019, john naughton wrote in the guardian, "it's almost impossible to function without the big five tech giants."[183] under united states antitrust law, the consumer welfare standard assumes that large companies are not automatically harmful. antitrust enforcement generally aims to prevent harm to consumers.[184] according to some policy analysts, big tech innovation benefits consumers.[185] big tech ceos have consistently opposed antitrust regulation. antitrust investigations of big tech began in the late 1990s, leading to the first major case against big tech in 2001, when the u.s. government accused microsoft of illegally maintaining its monopoly position in the pc market. microsoft imposed legal and technical restrictions on pc manufacturers and users preventing them from uninstalling internet explorer and using netscape or java. the district court ruled that microsoft's actions constituted monopolization under the sherman antitrust act, and the u.s. court of appeals for the d.c. circuit affirmed most of the district court's judgments. the department of justice (doj) announced on september 6, 2001, that it would not seek to break up microsoft, and would instead seek a lesser penalty if microsoft agreed to share its apis with third party companies and appoint a three person panel with access to microsoft's systems, records, and source code for five years. on november 1, 2002, judge kollar kotelly accepted most of the proposed settlement, and on june 30, 2004, the u.s. appeals court unanimously approved the settlement.[186] in the late 2010s, big tech was investigated by the doj and federal trade commission (ftc) for anticompetitive mergers and acquisitions. some democratic presidential candidates proposed breaking up big tech companies or regulating them as utilities. ftc chairman joseph simons said, "the role of technology in the economy and in our lives grows more important every day...as i've noted in the past, it makes sense for us to closely examine technology markets to ensure consumers benefit from free and fair competition."[187][188] in 2017, elizabeth warren criticized big tech for offering free services to remain more popular than the competition.[189] the united states house judiciary subcommittee on antitrust, commercial and administrative law investigated big tech in june 2020, and published a report in january 2021 concluding that amazon, apple, google, and meta operated in an anticompetitive manner.[190][191] on june 24, 2021, the united states house judiciary subcommittee on antitrust, commercial and administrative law held hearings on proposed big tech regulations. pramila jayapal introduced hr 3825, the ending platform monopolies act, which passed the committee.[192] the bill proposed prohibiting platform owners from offering products and services on the platforms they own. for example, in 2010, amazon attempted to acquire diapers.com. when diapers.com rejected amazon's proposal, amazon started selling diapers at a loss. facing unprofitability, diapers.com agreed to let amazon buy the company even though walmart was willing to pay more.[193] the committee voted that the reason for big tech monopolies is because of the consumer welfare standard, a legal doctrine stating that if the consumer benefits from corporate actions, those actions are generally legal. ftc chairwoman lina khan expressed a different view in her publication "amazon's antitrust paradox". on july 9, 2021, president joe biden signed executive order 14036, "promoting competition in the american economy", a sweeping array of initiatives across the executive branch. the order established an executive branch wide policy to more thoroughly scrutinize mergers involving big tech companies, with focus on the acquisition of new, potentially disruptive technology from smaller companies by the larger companies. the order also instructed the ftc to establish rules related to the use of data collection by big tech companies for promoting their own services.[194][195] in june 2024, the doj and ftc opened an investigation into microsoft, nvidia, and openai regarding their dominance in artificial intelligence.[196][197] in august 2024, district of columbia u.s. district court judge amit mehta ruled that google held a monopoly in online search and text advertising in violation of section 2 of the sherman antitrust act.[198][199] in june 2020, the european union opened two investigations into apple. the first investigation focused on whether apple uses market dominance to stifle competition in music and book streaming. the second investigation focused on apple pay. apple limits the use of the iphone's nfc technology by financial institutions, including banks.[200][201] according to european commissioner for competition margrethe vestager, fines are insufficient to deter anticompetitive practices. vestager stated, "fines are not doing the trick. and fines are not enough because fines are a punishment for illegal behaviour in the past. what is also in our decision is that you have to change for the future. you have to stop what you're doing."[202] in september 2021, the united states and european union began negotiating a joint approach to big tech regulation.[203] the european parliament passed the digital markets act (dma) in march 2022 to restrict data collection from european users, require social media interoperability, and allow alternative app stores and payment systems for apple and google smartphones.[204][205] the eu also passed the digital services act (dsa) in april 2022, which requires tech companies to take down hate speech and child sexual abuse, and ban advertising targeting gender, race, religion, and childhood.[206] both the digital markets act and digital services act were enacted by the eu in july 2022.[207] the eu defined alphabet, amazon, apple, bytedance, meta, and microsoft as "gatekeepers" under the dma in september 2023, and required them to comply by march 2024.[208] on june 24, 2024, the european union charged apple with breaching the digital markets act, potentially resulting in a significant fine. a final decision is expected by march 2025. the eu is also investigating apple's new terms and fees for app developers, criticizing the company's restrictions and handling of ai powered features in the eu.[209] alt tech is a collection of social networking services and internet service providers popular among the alt right, far right, and others who espouse extremism or fringe theories, typically because they employ looser content moderation than mainstream platforms.[210][211][157] the term "alt tech" is a portmanteau of "alt right" and "big tech". the fediverse is a collection of federated social networking services that can communicate with each other even if they are controlled independently. users of different websites can send and receive status updates and multimedia files across the network. the term "fediverse" is a portmanteau of "federation" and "universe".[212] web3 (also known as web 3.0)[12][13][14] is an idea for a new iteration of the world wide web which incorporates concepts such as decentralization, blockchain technologies, and token based economics.[15] some technologists and journalists have contrasted it with web 2.0, in which they claim user generated content is controlled by a small group of companies referred to as big tech.[213]

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supported by dealbook newsletter the iphone maker is the first u.s. tech giant charged with breaching the european union’s digital markets act, potentially exposing it to huge fines. by andrew ross sorkinravi mattubernhard warnersarah kesslermichael j. de la mercedlauren hirsch and ephrat livni apple’s feud with global regulators escalated after the european union on monday charged the iphone maker with stifling competition on its app store, a breach that carries potentially big penalties and could upend a hugely profitable area of the tech giant’s business. the $3 trillion company is the first to be charged under the digital markets act, a landmark 2022 e.u. law that was designed to reduce the dominance of six mostly american “online gatekeepers.” of those, amazon, google and meta are also under investigation, and the financial times reports that microsoft could face charges tied to its market dominance. here are the e.u.’s accusations against apple: the app store violates so called steering rules. regulators say that app developers cannot easily inform their customers about new offerings, including cheaper deals, within apple’s ecosystem. the fees apple charges are excessive. the bloc is also investigating apple again for noncompliance, including over a core technology fee that equates to a half euro charge per user download. apple is facing a slew of regulatory hurdles at home and abroad, as the company plays catch up in the artificial intelligence race. on friday, apple said it would delay rolling out new a.i. products and services in europe because of “regulatory uncertainties.” and the company already faces a $2 billion e.u. fine for impeding competition in the music streaming sector. the clash is a big test for the digital markets act. under the d.m.a., fines can run as high as 20 percent of global revenue, which last year topped $380 billion at apple. repeat abuses would give the european commission, the bloc’s executive arm, the additional power to force a divestment or sale. “we are determined to use the clear and effective d.m.a. toolbox to finally open real opportunities for innovators and for consumers,” thierry breton, the e.u.’s internal market commissioner, said.

manage your account apple has become the first us tech giant to be charged under the european union’s tough new antitrust tech law   potentially exposing it to billions of dollars in fines for allegedly stifling developers in its app store. the iphone maker has allegedly breached the eu’s digital markets act by preventing app developers from easily steering customers to cheaper offers outside the app store, the european commission said monday. if confirmed to have breached the law, apple could be fined up to 10% of its total worldwide revenue   a figure that could amount to tens of billions of dollars, as the company’s global revenue in 2023 totaled $383 billion. “under the dma, developers distributing their apps via apple’s app store should be able, free of charge, to inform their customers of alternative cheaper purchasing possibilities, steer them to those offers and allow them to make purchases,” the agency said in a press release. the case is already seen as a major test of the digital markets act, which took effect in march and established new rules governing the behavior of apple and a handful of other firms identified as the internet’s “gatekeepers.”