The Yamanaka factors are a set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) that can reprogram adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. When introduced into mature cells, these factors can activate genes that are typically only expressed in embryonic stem cells, thereby allowing the cells to revert to a stem cell-like state. From there, the cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body, which makes them useful for a variety of medical and research applications. However, the exact mechanisms by which the Yamanaka factors work are still not fully understood, and more research is needed to determine the best way to use these factors to create safe and effective treatments for a range of diseases.
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