One of the major turning points in the Spanish-Inca War was the Battle of Cajamarca in 1532. This battle pitted a small Spanish force led by Francisco Pizarro against the much larger Inca army. Initially, the Spanish were greatly outnumbered, and it seemed that they would be defeated.

However, Pizarro was able to use tactics such as surprise and deception to his advantage. He invited Atahualpa, the leader of the Inca Empire, to a parley, where he was captured and held for ransom. The ransom was paid, but Pizarro still held Atahualpa captive, and this allowed Pizarro to gain control of the Inca Empire.

This was a major turning point in the war, as it allowed the Spanish to gain control of the Inca Empire and to begin the process of colonization. This ultimately led to the downfall of the Inca Empire, and the Spanish were able to establish their rule in the region.
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