All dwarfs are not created equal.
A brown dwarf is formed through the same process as any other old star, through the gravitational collapse of a cloud of gas and dust. However, it is different from other dwarf stars because it doesn't have enough mass to sustain hydrogen fusion in its core, the process that powers stars. Brown dwarfs are intermediate in size between gas giant planets and low-mass stars, and have temperatures that are too cool to emit visible light, but can emit in infrared. As a result, they are often referred to as "failed stars."
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