You would want to use a reference when you need to borrow a value without taking ownership of it. This is useful when you need to pass a value to a function, method or closure, but you don't want to move or modify the value itself. References are also useful when working with large data structures, as they allow you to avoid unnecessary copying of data.

On the other hand, you would want to use a Box when you need to allocate a value on the heap or when you need to move a value between different parts of your program. Boxes are useful when the size of a value is not known at compile time or when you need to share a value between multiple parts of your program.

In general, you should use references when possible, as they are more lightweight and efficient than Boxes. However, there are situations where a Box is necessary, such as when working with recursive data structures or when you need to return a value from a function that was allocated on the heap.
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