That is a difficult question and there might not be any good answer. The main way to prevent wars is to acknowledge the legitimate grievances that people have and to focusing on fixing the problems they face. To mitigate the huge risk of large wars this century the international community has to get its act together and prevent the currently predicted emmision levels from happening, as climate change will be the catalysts for many wars over resources in the near future. Moreover, superpowers must learn restraint. The US and Russia have been responsible for the majority of wars the last 50 years and would need to stop invading and bombing their neigbourghs and thirld war countries. We can reduce the number of civil wars and terrorist attacks by not destabilizing regions and overthrowing governments, which ties into my previous point about the US and Russia. 

In conclusion, conflicts are typically neither irrational nor must they always end in war. There are ways to adress them that doesn't involve using violence to solve violence. Diplomacy and agreements that solve the underlying problem have a fair chance at mitigating these risks and reducing the number of wars.
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