TCP stands for "Transmission Control Protocol, UDP stands for " User Datagram Protocol".

Here are the key differences between TCP & UDP protocols:

1. Type of protocol :
        Both protocols, i.e., TCP and UDP, are the transport layer protocol. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, whereas UDP is a connectionless protocol. It means that TCP requires connection prior to the communication, but UDP does not require any connection.

2.Reliability :
       TCP is a reliable protocol as it provides assurance for the delivery of the data. It follows the acknowledgment mechanism. In this mechanism, the sender receives the acknowledgment from the receiver and checks whether the acknowledgement is positive or negative. If the ACK is positive means, the data has been received successfully. If ACK is negative, then TCP will resend the data. It also follows the flow and error control mechanism. UDP is an unreliable protocol as it does not ensure the delivery of the data.

3. Flow Control :
        TCP follows the flow control mechanism that ensures a large number of packets are not sent to the receiver at the same time, while UDP does not follow the flow control mechanism.

4. Ordering :
TCP uses ordering and sequencing techniques to ensure that the data packets are received in the same order in which they are sent. On the other hand, UDP does not follow any ordering and sequencing technique; i.e., data can be sent in any sequence.
5. Speed :
Since TCP establishes a connection between a sender and receiver, performs error checking, and also guarantees the delivery of data packets while UDP neither creates a connection nor it guarantees the delivery of data packets, so UDP is faster than TCP.

6. Flow of data :
In TCP, data can flow in both directions means that it provides the full-duplex service. On the other hand, UDP is mainly suitable for the unidirectional flow of data.
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