In machine learning, bias refers to the difference between the predicted values of a model and the actual values, which can occur due to the model's oversimplified assumptions or inadequate complexity. Variance, on the other hand, refers to the sensitivity of the model to small fluctuations in the training data, which can result in overfitting and poor generalization performance. In essence, bias and variance are two competing sources of error that need to be balanced in order to achieve optimal model performance.
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