The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. Its functioning is based on a complex institutional framework that involves a variety of actors, including national governments, the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, and the European Court of Justice.

At the heart of the EU's functioning is the principle of "supranationalism," which means that decisions are made at the European level rather than by individual member states. This principle is enshrined in the EU's founding treaties and is designed to promote cooperation and integration among member states.

The European Parliament is one of the main institutions of the EU and is composed of elected representatives from all member states. Its primary role is to pass legislation and to scrutinize the work of the European Commission.

The European Commission is the executive branch of the EU and is responsible for proposing and implementing legislation, managing the day-to-day business of the EU, and representing the EU in international negotiations.

The Council of the European Union is composed of ministers from the national governments of each member state and is responsible for negotiating and adopting laws and policies in collaboration with the European Parliament.

The European Court of Justice is the supreme court of the EU and is responsible for interpreting and enforcing EU law. Its decisions are binding on all member states and ensure that EU law is applied consistently throughout the Union.

The EU's functioning is underpinned by a range of policies and initiatives designed to promote economic and social development, protect the environment, ensure the safety and security of citizens, and promote cultural and educational exchange. These policies are funded by the EU budget, which is financed by contributions from member states and other sources.
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