Yes, there is an important difference between mRNA shots for COVID-19 and shots developed with the "viral vector" technology. mRNA vaccines use messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce antigens, while viral vector vaccines use an altered virus to deliver genetic instructions to the body's cells. The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is a viral vector vaccine, and it is more difficult to develop than an mRNA vaccine. Additionally, viral vector vaccines have the potential to provide more durable protection than mRNA vaccines, but this is still being studied.
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