To answer your first question

The Anasazi, also known as the ancestral Pueblos, were a prehistoric Native American nation known for their impressive architecture, including complex pueblo villages with buildings arranged around central plazas and cliff dwellings built into mountainsides. They were also known for their advanced knowledge, trade routes, and cultural and technological achievements.

Some specific accomplishments and evidence of their cultural and technological achievements include:

- Beer-making: Many Native American groups mastered beer-making in antiquity, and recent research has shown that the Southwestern Pueblos, previously thought to have stayed sober until the 16th century arrival of the Spanish, actually brewed a weak corn beer called tiswin. This was discovered through the analysis of 800-year-old pottery shards, which showed the same residue commonly created during beer fermentation.
- Political power: By the time 1100 rolled around, a couple of thousand people lived in Chaco Canyon, and they were at their cultural zenith and had political power over a vast area. They even had roads linking them with other Pueblo communities, indicating trade and communication.
- Timber harvesting: The Anasazi's impressive buildings were made of stone and wooden beams, and archaeologists wondered from where the desert nation got their timber. Trees and weather provided the answer. Each location’s weather is different and uniquely influences a region’s tree growth rings. Analyzing some 6,000 wood specimens from Chaco Canyon, two mountain ranges were identified for the first time. Before 1020, timber was harvested 50 miles (75 km) to the south from the Zuni Mountains. By 1060, the Chuska Mountains about 50 miles (75 km) to the west supplied the wood.
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