To increase the capacity of the microcontroller, the manufacturer can add a memory chip to the board. This external RAM chip is connected to the ESP32 via the SPI bus. 

In theory, any SPI memory chip could be used, but in practice, it’s always the same: the ESP-PSRAM32. Because this chip uses a technology known as Pseudostatic RAM (PSRAM), we often use the name “PSRAM” when we should really say “External SPI RAM.”

Using the extended memory requires extra work from the programmer: you need to call dedicated allocation functions. Instead of the good old malloc(), you must call heap_caps_malloc(MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM).
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