In object-oriented programming, idempotency is not a fundamental concept. While an object method may have a predictable output given a specific set of inputs, feeding its output as input may or may not produce the same result. It depends on whether the object's state has changed in between calls.

In functional programming, idempotency is a fundamental concept. Pure functions always produce the same output given the same input, no matter how many times they are called. They do not have side effects, so there is no hidden state that could affect the output.

So, in short, functional programming's focus on pure functions and lack of side effects make it easier to achieve idempotency, while object-oriented programming's reliance on stateful objects makes it more difficult.
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