The free energy principle, also known as the Helmholtz free energy principle, is indeed a framework that has been used to describe how brains process sensory information. It proposes that the brain uses perception and prior knowledge to generate a model of the world, and that it continually updates this model by reducing the difference between its predictions and sensory inputs. This reduction of surprise, or reduction of the so-called "free energy" of the system, drives the brain's continuous adaptation and perception of the environment. This framework has been influential in the development of active inference and Bayesian theories of perception and cognition.
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