The mathematics and principles introduced during the 16th and 17th centuries were the foundations of modern mathematics and science. Many of these mathematical and scientific discoveries and advancements, such as those made by Isaac Newton, are still used today in various fields and form the basis of our understanding of the natural world.

However, it is also true that our understanding of many of these phenomena has expanded and improved over time. For example, Newton's laws of motion, which were developed in the 17th century, have been refined and improved by later scientists such as Albert Einstein. Einstein's theory of general relativity provided a more complete understanding of gravity and its effects on the curvature of space-time.

Similarly, in mathematics, the work of 17th century mathematicians such as Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal in number theory and probability theory has been expanded and refined by later mathematicians. Today, modern number theory and probability theory are actively researched fields with many new discoveries and advancements.

In conclusion, while the mathematics and principles introduced during the 16th and 17th centuries were fundamental and continue to play an important role in our understanding of the natural world, our understanding of these same phenomena has also evolved and improved over time.
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