In response to the 2008 financial crisis, Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama signed into law several legislative measures to counter its effects and prevent a similar crisis in the future. Among these the most influential measure was the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which aimed to increase regulation of the financial sector, and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) with the stated goal of protecting consumers from abusive financial practices. Dodd-Frank also expanded the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, giving whistleblowers further incentives and protections to report improper behavior in banks and other financial institutions.

The effectiveness of these measures in preventing another financial crisis is a matter of ongoing debate among experts. The Dodd-Frank Act commanded the Federal Reserve to closely oversee large banks, financial institutions, and insurance companies in the United States. Annual stress tests make sure that these companies are ready to handle future financial downturns and crises. It could be argued that overall this made the system more stable and resilient. Also the financial incentives under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act make the reporting of improper behavior easier and shady company secrets harder to keep.

On the other hand, some argue that the complexity of the financial system and the constant evolution of financial products have made it difficult for regulators to keep up and fully mitigate risks. There have also been concerns about the potential for regulatory capture, where financial institutions use their influence to shape regulations in their favor.
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