No, it is not necessary to plan your full career before you have begun university. The amount of planning you do is also, to some extent, a personal decision. However, it can be very helpful to have a plan, because it will help you choose which universities to apply to, and which courses to take after you are accepted.

For example, if you want to pursue a career in art, you should look for universities which have strong programs in the arts. By contrast, if you want to pursue a career in engineering, you should consider schools which are either specialized in engineering topics or which have reputable programs in those topics. And if you eventually want to get into one of the "top" graduate programs, it will help to do well at one of the "top" undergraduate schools. On the other hand, if you don't have any savings or income to apply to tuition, you may want to prioritize schools which are in-state or which have strong financial aid. It all depends on your goals.

Many university students are not sure what they want to do, in which case they might want to go to a school which allows them to take courses in multiple subjects so that they can learn what they are most interested in. This is common. But if, for example, you want to become a doctor, that will usually require you to take a certain set of courses starting from fairly early in your time at university.

So how much planning you need depends on what you know about what you want to do. Some careers will require special kinds of schools, and some careers will require a heavy course load from an early point in your time on campus. If you are not sure what you want, it is reasonable to go to a large university or a small liberal arts school where you can take a variety of courses. You can always transfer to another school later, if you decide you need to.
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