The differences are as follows:

Structure: Fusion tree is a balanced tree structure that uses the concept of bit partitioning to organize the elements. On the other hand, VEB tree is a hierarchical data structure that is based on dividing the range of possible keys into smaller subranges recursively.

Size: Fusion tree requires O(n log n) bits of memory to store n elements, while VEB tree requires O(n) bits of memory.

Insertion and deletion: Fusion tree requires O(log^2 n) time to insert or delete an element, while VEB tree requires O(log log u) time, where u is the universe size.

Range query: Both data structures support efficient range queries. Fusion tree can answer a range query in O(log^2 n + k) time, where k is the number of elements in the range. VEB tree can answer a range query in O(log log u + k) time.

Implementation complexity: Fusion tree is generally considered to be more complex to implement compared to VEB tree.

I hope this answers your question :)
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