King Louis XVI was born on August 23, 1754, in Versailles, France. He became king in 1774, succeeding his grandfather, King Louis XV. Louis XVI inherited a kingdom that was facing financial difficulties due to the French involvement in the American Revolution, and the country was burdened by heavy taxation and high levels of public debt.

Louis XVI was a well-intentioned ruler but lacked strong leadership skills. He implemented some economic and social reforms but faced stiff opposition from the nobility and clergy. His marriage to the Austrian-born Marie Antoinette was controversial, as she was widely criticized for her extravagance and perceived indifference to the plight of the French people.

As the financial crisis deepened, Louis XVI was pressured to call the Estates-General, which had not met since 1614. The meeting was intended to find a solution to France's financial problems, but it led to the beginning of the French Revolution. The Third Estate, representing the common people, declared itself the National Assembly, asserting sovereignty over the country and demanding a constitution.

Louis XVI was eventually stripped of his powers and imprisoned with his family. In 1792, the monarchy was abolished, and the First French Republic was established. On January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine, an event that marked a significant turning point in the French Revolution.

Marie Antoinette was also executed later the same year. The deaths of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette symbolized the end of the Bourbon monarchy and the beginning of a new era in French history, characterized by radical social and political change.
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