A cryptographic signature is a way to ensure the authenticity and integrity of a message or a digital document. It is created using a private key, which is kept secret by the sender, and can be verified using a corresponding public key, which is shared with the recipient.

The process of creating a signature involves taking a hash of the message (or document) and encrypting it using the sender's private key. The recipient can then use the sender's public key to decrypt the signature and compare it to a newly calculated hash of the received message. If the decrypted signature matches the newly calculated hash, it means that the signature is valid, and the message has not been tampered with.

To validate a signature, the recipient first calculates a hash of the received message. Then they use the sender's public key to decrypt the signature and compare it to the calculated hash. If the two match, it means that the signature is valid and the message is authentic.

It is important to note that the public key can only be used to validate the signature, it cannot be used to create a signature or decrypt the message. Only the private key can be used to create a signature.
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