A method for predicting pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic effects over time is provided. A pharmacokinetic pathway of a neural network system that lies at least partially within an ordinary differential equations (ODE) module of the neural network system is trained to generate a dose effect output associated with a drug. A pharmacodynamic pathway of the neural network system that lies at least partially within the ODE module is trained to generate a drug effect output associated with the drug. The drug effect output associated with an administration of the drug over a time period is predicted using the neural network system.
PK/PD Prediction Using an Ode-Based Neural Network System