Systems, including apparatus and methods, for performing electrophysiological measurements on membranous samples, such as living cells, isolated cell fragments (such as organelles), and/or artificial membranes (such as vesicles). These systems preferably employ activatable or caged compounds to study ligand-gated ion channels and transporters, sequentially and/or simultaneously.
SYSTEM FOR RAPID CHEMICAL ACTIVATION IN HIGH-THROUGHPUT ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS