A method (400) includes receiving a training example (302) that includes audio data (202) representing a spoken utterance (12) and a ground truth transcription (204). For each word (310) in the utterance, the method also includes inserting a placeholder symbol before the word identifying a respective ground truth alignment (312, 314) for a beginning and an end of the word, and generating a first constrained alignment (330) for a beginning word piece and a second constrained alignment for an ending word piece. The first constrained alignment is aligned with the ground truth alignment for the beginning of the respective word and the second constrained alignment is aligned with the ground truth alignment for the ending of the respective word. The method also includes constraining an attention head of a second pass decoder (230) by applying the first and second constrained alignments.
EMITTING WORD TIMINGS WITH END-TO-END MODELS