Simple equations that relate glucose, glutamate, glucuronate, and phenylacetylglutamine 13C NMR multiplet areas to gluconeogenesis and pyruvate recycling during metabolism of [1,2,3-13C3]propionate are presented. This indicates that a direct measure of gluconeogenesis, pyruvate recycling, and anaplerosis may be obtained from a single 13C NMR spectrum of suitably prepared blood or urine samples collected after oral administration of enriched propionate, acetaminophen, and phenylacetate.
Methods for determining gluconeogenesis, anapleurosis and pyruvate recycling