A method for treating neural deficits resulting from multiple sclerosis, involving assessing a subject's motor, sensory, cognitive, or emotional deficits caused by multiple sclerosis; selecting a rehabilitative task based said deficits; determining the subject's acceptable performance threshold for the rehabilitative task; and providing a paired training therapy. The paired training therapy comprises having the subject to perform a trial of the rehabilitative task; classifying the subject's performance on the trial as either acceptable or unacceptable, wherein an acceptable performance is performance at or above the subject's acceptable performance threshold, and an unacceptable performance is performance below the subject's acceptable performance threshold; and reinforcing acceptable performance by selectively stimulating the subject's vagus nerve after completion of the acceptable performance.
Methods and systems for therapy of multiple sclerosis