The invention provides -opioid receptor agonists that are analgesic agents and that promote diminished side effects relative to a comparably effective dose of morphine. The side effects that are absent or attenuated include one or more of the following: constipation, respiratory depression, tolerance, dependence, nausea, confusion, sedation, hypotension, and post-treatment withdrawal symptoms.
SIGNALING-BIASED MU OPIOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS