The invention discloses a high-speed multicolor and multimode structured light illumination super-resolution microimaging system. Laser generated by a multicolor light source is incident into a high-speed gating switching module; the high-speed gating switching module selects the laser in one or multiple colors and enables the laser to irradiate a structured light generation and modulation module; the structured light generation and modulation module generates periodically modulated structured light and controls the direction and the phase of the structured light; the modulated laser is transmitted to a polarization control module; the polarization control module adjusts the polarization direction of the laser, so that the structured light illumination stripe is high in contrast, and the laser is transmitted to a space filter module; the space filter module filters out redundant stray light, and then emits the laser to a sample module through a fluorescence module and an objective lens in sequence; signal light emitted by the sample module is collected by the objective lens, and then the fluorescence module separates exciting light from the signal light; finally the signal light is received by a detection module. The system is high in structured light illumination stripe contrast and high in imaging speed, and meanwhile at least 5-color imaging can achieve the optimal performance.
High-speed multicolor and multimode structured light illumination super-resolution microimaging system and method thereof