A two-color fluorescence localization super-resolution biological microscopy method and a two-color fluorescence localization super-resolution biological microscopy system (100). The method comprises: performing two-color fluorescence labeling on a biological sample by using Alexa647 and Alexa750 fluorescent molecules or Cy5 and Cy7 fluorescent molecules, and soaking the biological sample in an imaging buffer solution (S601); irradiating the biological sample by laser to generate a first channel flashing fluorescent signal corresponding to the Alexa647 fluorescent molecule or the Cy5 fluorescent molecule as well as a second channel flashing fluorescent signal corresponding to the Alexa750 fluorescent molecule or the Cy7 fluorescent molecule respectively (S602); establishing a first biological structure super-resolution image and a second biological structure super-resolution image respectively according to the first channel flashing fluorescent signal and the second channel flashing fluorescent signal (S603); and aligning the first biological structure super-resolution image and the second biological structure super-resolution image so as to establish a third biological structure super-resolution image (S604). Thereby, the super-resolution biological microscopic imaging technique does not generate channel crosstalk and can significantly reduce background noise, so that the imaging quality is improved.
TWO-COLOR FLUORESCENCE LOCALIZATION SUPER-RESOLUTION BIOLOGICAL MICROSCOPY METHOD AND SYSTEM