Systems, methods, sensors, and software for providing enhanced measurement and detection of patient pain response are provided herein. In a first example, a measurement system is provided that includes a capacitive system configured to measure a capacitance signal of tissue of the patient using a capacitive sensor applied to the tissue of the patient. The measurement system also includes a patient monitor configured to measure an electrical signal representing brain activity of the patient using a brain activity sensor applied to the tissue of the patient. The measurement system also includes a processing system configured to determine pain metrics based at least on the capacitance signal and the electrical signal, and determine a pain response of the patient based at least on the pain metrics and pain calibration information for the patient.
Pain level detection and characterization using capacitive sensors