A novel system for automatic reading tutoring provides effective error detection and reduced false alarms combined with low processing time burdens and response times short enough to maintain a natural, engaging flow of interaction. According to one illustrative embodiment, an automatic reading tutoring method includes displaying a text output and receiving an acoustic input. The acoustic input is modeled with a domain-specific target language model specific to the text output, and with a general-domain garbage language model, both of which may be efficiently constructed as context-free grammars. The domain-specific target language model may be built dynamically or 'on-the-fly' based on the currently displayed text (e.g. the story to be read by the user), while the general-domain garbage langage model is shared among all different text outputs. User-perceptible tutoring feedback is provided based on the target language model and the garbage language model.
Automatic reading tutoring with parallel polarized language modeling