Disclosed herein is the use of an effective amount of buprenorphine for treating or preventing an opioid-induced adverse pharmacodynamic response, wherein the other opioid is selected from the group consisting of oxycodone, morphine, codeine, oxymorphone, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, tramadol, a phannaceutically acceptable salt thereof and mixtures thereof, and wherein the adverse phannacodynamic response is selected from the group consisting of bowel dysfunction, nausea, vomiting, sonmolence, dizziness, respiratory depression, headache, dry mouth, sedation, sweats, asthenia, hypotension, dysphoria, delirium, miosis, pruritis, urticaria, urinary retention, allodynia, physical dependence and tolerance; and wherein the buprenorphine does not cause a substantial decrease in the analgesic effectiveness of the opioid; and wherein the buprenorphine and the opioid are administered by the same route or by a different route and the route of administration is independently selected from the group consisting of oral, transdennal, sublingual, buccal, gingival, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous.
Systems and methods for treating an opioid-induced adverse pharmacodynamic response