A high-performance distributed fibre sensing system based on EHz ultrafast pulse scanning, wherein the system comprises an EHz ultrafast pulse scanning laser 10, a circulator 20, a sensing fibre 30, a coupler 40, a first interference arm 51, a second interference arm 53, Faraday rotation mirrors 52, 54 and a phase demodulator 60. The laser comprises a pump laser source, three wavelength division multiplexers, a cascaded phase-shifted fibre grating, a plurality of electro-optic modulators and a controller. The grating comprises a plurality of gratings that are engraved on a doped fibre, each grating having a different central window wavelength and a wavelength interval between the adjacent central window wavelengths being a preset, fixed value. The controller is configured to select sequentially an electro-optic modulator of the plurality of modulators according to a preset time interval. The lengths of the first interference arm and the second interference arm are not equal, forming an unbalanced Michelson interferometer. The phase demodulator is connected to the coupler, and is configured to demodulate a phase change caused by a disturbance signal in the sensing fibre. The phase demodulator may comprise photoelectric detectors and a phase demodulation unit, and may be configured to receive backward Rayleigh scattering interference light returned from the interference arms.
High-performance distributed fiber sensing system based on EHZ ultrafast pulse scanning