Exemplary embodiments of exemplary methods, procedures, computer- accessible medium and systems according to the present disclosure can be provided which can be used for determining token causality. For example, data which comprises token-level time course data and type-level causal relationships can be obtained. In addition, a determination can be made as to whether the type-level causal relationships are instantiated in the token-level time course data, and using a computing arrangement. Further, exemplary significance scores for the causal relationships can be determined based on the determination procedure. It is also possible to determine probabilities associated with the type-level causal relationships using the token-level time course data and a probabilistic temporal model and/or type- level time course data when at least one of the type-level causal relationships have indeterminate truth values. The exemplary determination of the probabilities can be performed using a prior causal information inference procedure.
METHODS, COMPUTER-ACCESSIBLE MEDIUM AND SYSTEMS FOR FACILITATING DATA ANALYSIS AND REASONING ABOUT TOKEN/SINGULAR CAUSALITY