The invention relates to a bone segmentation method and system based on deep learning. The segmentation method comprises the following steps: constructing a medical image data acquiring a medical image data set, and manually marking different types of skeleton regions; dividing the data set into a training set and a test set; converting the unlabeled medical image data into a picture in a first format and storing the picture, and converting the labeled medical image data into a picture in a second format and storing the picture; establishing a segmentation neural network model; model training: training the segmentation neural network model by using the training set, and testing by using the test set; and performing segmentation by using the trained segmentation neural network model. According to the segmentation method and system provided by the invention, automatic segmentation of different types of skeleton structures is realized based on deep learning. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the segmentation efficiency and accuracy are improved, and a basis can be provided for lesion area positioning, anatomical structure research, treatment scheme design, computer-aided surgical operation and the like.
Deep learning-based skeleton segmentation method and system