PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide compositions and methods for higher-temporal resolution, noninvasive, and genetically-based control of neural activity.SOLUTION: The present invention provides compositions and methods for light-activated cation channel proteins and their uses within cell membranes and subcellular regions. The invention provides for proteins, nucleic acids, vectors and methods for genetically targeted expression of light-activated cation channels to specific cells or defined cell populations. In particular, the invention provides millisecond-timescale temporal control of cation channels using moderate light intensities in cells, cell lines, transgenic animals and humans. The invention provides for optically generating electrical spikes in nerve cells and other excitable cells useful for driving neuronal networks, for drug screening and therapy.
LIGHT-ACTIVATED CATION CHANNEL AND USES THEREOF