The present disclosure provides systems and methods relating to neuromodulation. In particular, the present disclosure provides systems and methods for minimally invasive, targeted, vagus nerve stimulation (pVNS), and the efficacy of this approach with respect to microglial activation and the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction. The systems and methods of neuromodulation disclosed herein can be used to facilitate the treatment of various diseases associated with pathological neural activity.
Systems and methods for percutaneous nerve stimulation