['differences', 'in', 'tobacco', 'consumption', 'and', 'effects,', 'and', 'may', 'lead', 'to', 'more', 'patient-specific', 'and', 'effective', 'ways', 'of', 'treating', 'tobacco', 'addiction.', '6/7/4738', 'DIALOG(R}File', '266:Fed.', 'Res.', 'in', 'Progress', '(c)', 'format', 'only', '1995', 'Dialog', 'Info.Svcs.', 'All', 'rts.', 'reserv.', '0123863', 'IDENTIFYING', 'NO.:', '5RO1DA01411-20', 'AGENCY', 'CODE:', 'CRISP', 'DRUG', 'USE', 'AND', 'LIFESTYLES', 'OF', 'AMERICAN', 'YOUTH', 'PRINCIPAL', 'INVESTIGATOR:', 'JOHNSTON,', 'LLOYD', 'D', 'ADDRESS:', 'UNIVERSITY', 'OF', 'MICHIGAN', '426', 'THOMPSON', 'ANN', 'ARBOR,', 'MI', '48109-1248', 'PERFORMING', 'ORG.:', 'UNIVERSITY', 'OF', 'MICHIGAN', 'AT', 'ANN', 'ARBOR,', 'ANN', 'ARBOR,', 'MICHIGAN', 'SPONSORING', 'ORG.:', 'NATIONAL', 'INSTITUTE', 'ON', 'DRUG', 'ARUSE', 'FY', ':', '94', 'FUNDS:', '$3,784,259', 'TYPE', 'OF', 'AWARD:', 'Noncompeting', 'Continuation', 'SUMMARY:', 'This', 'proposal', 'seeks', 'a', 'five-year', 'continuation', 'of', 'Monitoring', 'the', 'Future,', 'an', 'ongoing', 'epidemiological', 'research', 'and', 'reporting', 'project.', 'Begun', 'in', '1975,', 'the', 'project', 'functions', 'as', 'a', 'basic', 'research', 'study,', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'nation’s', 'major', 'sources', 'of', 'reliable', 'information', 'on', 'trends', 'in', 'drug', 'use.', 'It', 'has', 'been', 'based', 'on', 'two', 'interconnected', 'series', 'of', 'surveys', 'using', 'nationally', 'representative', 'samples:', '(a)', 'an', 'annual', 'survey', 'of', 'seniors', 'in', 'high', 'schools', '{about', '17,000', 'per', 'year', 'in', '135', 'high', 'schools),', 'and', '(b)', 'annual', 'follow-up', 'surveys', 'of', 'panele', '(of', 'about', '1,200', 'people', 'from', 'each', 'graduating', 'class),', 'followed', 'by', 'mail', 'for', 'a', 'period', 'that', 'will', 'reach', '17', 'years', 'past', 'high', 'school.', 'It', 'is', 'proposed', 'to', 'continue', 'these', 'surveys', 'of', 'American', 'high', 'school', 'students,', 'and', 'young', 'adult', 'graduates', 'through', 'age', '35,', 'including', 'college', 'students.', 'In', '1991,', 'national', 'samples', 'of', '&th', 'and', '10th', 'grade', 'students', 'were', 'added', 'to', 'the', 'annual', 'surveys;', 'a', 'continuation', 'of', 'this', 'series', 'is', 'also', 'proposed.', 'In', 'addition,', 'it', 'is', 'now', 'proposed', 'that', 'biennial', 'follow-ups', 'of', 'panela', 'be', 'drawn', 'from', 'each', '&th', 'and', '10th', 'grade', 'class,', 'with', 'an', 'oversampling', 'of', 'the', 'dropout-prone,', 'in', 'order', 'to', 'provide', 'accurate', 'assessments', 'of:', '{a)', 'levels', 'and', 'trends', 'in', 'drug', 'use', 'among', 'dropouts,', '(b)', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'drug', 'use', 'on', 'dropping', 'out', 'and', 'vice', 'versa,', 'and', '{c)', 'the', 'changing', 'etiology', 'of', 'drug', 'use', 'in', 'early', 'to', 'middle', 'adolescence.', 'The', 'study’s', 'cohort-sequential', 'design', 'permits', 'the', 'differentiation', 'of', 'three', 'types', 'of', 'change', 'over', 'time-secular,', 'maturational,', 'and', 'cohort-each', 'of', 'which', 'tends', 'to', 'have', 'quite', 'different', 'types', 'of', 'determinants,', 'and', 'all', 'of', 'which', 'have', 'already', 'been', 'found', 'to', 'occur', 'for', 'at', 'least', 'some', 'drugs.', 'In', 'addition', 'to', 'monitering', 'drug', 'use,', 'and', 'many', 'factors', 'which', 'may', 'help', 'to', 'explain', 'secular', 'trends', 'in', 'use,', 'the', 'project', 'has', 'the', 'objectives', 'of', 'documenting', 'the', 'natural', 'history', 'of', 'drug', 'use', 'through', 'these', 'portions', 'of', 'the', 'life', 'cycle,', 'determining', 'what', 'transitions', 'in', 'social', 'roles', 'and', 'social', 'environments', 'contribute', 'to', 'that', 'history,', 'and', 'determining', 'what', 'features', 'of', 'those', 'roles', 'and', 'environments', 'are', 'of', 'particular', 'importance.', 'The', 'project', 'also', 'seeks', 'to', 'ascertain', 'the', 'importance', 'of', 'many', 'other', 'hypothesized', 'psychological,', 'behavioral,', 'and', 'social', 'determinants', 'of', 'drug', 'use', '(including', 'attitudes', 'and', 'beliefs', 'about', 'drugs,', 'and', 'various', 'lifestyle', 'orientations)', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'a', 'range', 'of', 'potential', 'consequences:', 'of', 'drug', 'use', '{including', 'physical', 'health,', 'psychological', 'well-being,', 'status', 'attainment,', 'and', 'role', 'performance).', 'The', 'fact', 'that', 'these', 'multiple', 'aims', 'and', 'multiple', 'populations', 'are', 'encompassed', 'in', 'a', 'single,', 'integrated', 'study', 'is', 'both', 'synergistic', 'and', 'cost', 'effective.', 'The', 'measurement', 'content', 'contained', 'in', 'the', 'study’s', 'multiple', 'questionnaire', 'forms', 'includes', '(a)', 'a', 'very', 'broad', 'range', 'of', 'licit', 'and', 'illicit', 'drugs;', '(b)', 'perceived', 'availability,', 'perceived', 'peer', 'norms,', 'and', 'attitudes', 'and', 'beliefs', 'regarding', 'many', 'of', 'these', 'drugs;', '(c)', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'characteristics', 'of', 'the', 'person', '(behaviors,', 'attitudes,', 'beliefs,', 'health', 'symptoms,', 'achievements,', 'lifestyle', 'variables):', 'and', '(d)', 'aspects', 'of', 'key', 'social', 'environments', '(school,', 'job,', 'college,', 'home)', 'and', 'of', 'role', 'statuses', 'and', 'experiences', '(marriage,', 'pregnancy,', 'paranthood,', 'diverce,', 'acducation,', 'employment,', 'and', 'military', 'dneluding', 'NIDA-published', 'annual', 'monographs,', 'annual', 'volumes', 'of', 'descriptive', 'results,', 'special', 'reports', 'and', 'monograph', 'chapters,', 'and', 'journal', 'articles.', 'S282', 'Optts', ' ']