['‘significant', 'regardless', 'of', 'gender,', 'race,', 'urbanicity,', 'SES,', 'grade,', 'or', 'baseline', 'levels', 'of', 'drug', 'use.', 'The', 'proposed', 'project', 'will', 'follow', 'these', 'subjects', 'through', 'late', 'adolescence', 'and', 'early', 'adulthood', 'in', 'two', 'studies:', 'Study', '1', 'continues', 'the', 'tracking', 'of', 'an', 'existing', 'panel', 'of', 'adolescents', 'in', 'Kansas', 'City,', 'and', 'Indianapolis,', 'half', 'of', 'whom', 'previously', 'received', 'a', 'comprehensive', 'community—', 'based', 'intervention', 'that', 'includes', 'school,', 'parent,', 'community', 'organization,', 'health', 'policy', 'change,', 'and', 'mass', 'media', 'program', 'components', '(N=2,000;', 'Ne27', 'high', 'achools).', 'Study', '2', 'is', 'a', 'longitudinal', 'evaluation', 'of', 'new', 'panels', 'of', 'adolescents', 'who', 'will', 'enter', 'the', '9th', 'grade', 'high', 'school', 'transition', 'year', 'or', 'the', '12th', 'grade', 'pre-transition', 'year', 'in', '1990-91,', 'all', 'of', 'whom', 'received', 'the', 'community', 'program', 'during', 'early', 'adolescence,', 'half', 'of', 'whom', 'will', 'be', 'randomly', 'assigned', 'by', 'school', 'to', 'a', '9th', 'or', '12th', 'grade', 'booster', 'program,', '(N=4,000;', 'Ne32', 'high', 'schools);', 'The', '9th', 'grade', 'panel', 'from', 'Indianapolis', 'will', 'be', 'used', 'as', 'an', 'external', 'comparison', '{N=1,000;', 'Ne17', 'high', 'schools).', 'Study', '1', 'will', 'produce', 'longitudinal', 'data', 'on', 'the', 'maintenance', 'of', 'community', 'program', 'effects', 'from', 'ages', '11', 'through', '21,', 'i.e.,', 'through', 'legal', 'drinking', 'age', 'and', 'early', 'adulthood,', 'and', 'replication', 'in', 'two', 'cities.', 'Study', '2', 'will', 'evaluate', 'short-', 'and', 'long-term', 'affects', 'of', 'strategic”', 'program', 'boosters', 'that', 'are', 'timed', 'to', 'coincide', 'with', 'the', 'transition', 'to', 'high', 'schcol', '(ninth', 'grade)', 'and', 'preparation', 'for', 'transition', 'to', 'college', 'or', 'worksite', '{12th', 'grade).', 'Measures', 'include', 'annual', 'self-report,', 'expired', 'air,', 'school', 'archival', 'records', 'on', 'drug-related', 'infractions,', 'and', 'community', 'archival', 'data', 'eon', 'drug', 'use-related', 'morbidity', 'and', 'mortality', 'rates', 'for', 'the', 'age', 'group', '15-23.', 'Regression,', 'casval', 'modeling,', 'and', 'time', 'series', 'analysis', 'will', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'evaluate', 'program', 'effects', 'and', 'monitor', 'community', 'trends.', 'The', 'proposed', 'project', 'continues', 'the', 'work', 'of', 'the', 'current', 'project', 'by', 'using', 'the', 'same', 'subject', 'pool,', 'data', 'collection', 'precedures,', 'theoretical', 'program', 'content,', 'and', 'continued', 'evaluation', 'of', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'early', 'preventive', 'intervention', 'and', 'continued', 'community', 'support.', 'The', 'xeaults', 'of', 'the', 'study', 'should', 'yield', 'important', 'information', 'about:', '«1)', 'drug', 'use', 'etiology', 'in', 'a', 'large', 'population', 'representative', 'sawple', 'of', 'individuals', 'across', 'a', 'l0-year', 'period', 'of', 'the', 'lifespan', 'that', 'encompasses', 'three', 'drug', 'use', 'risk', 'pericds;', '(Z)', 'maintenance', 'of', 'effects', 'ef', 'school', 'and', 'community', 'programming', 'delivered', 'during', 'early', 'adolescence;', 'and', '(3)', 'the', 'potential', 'for', 'program', 'boosters', 'to', 'enhance', 'and', 'maintain', 'program', 'effects', 'through', 'early', 'adulthood.', '6/7/4870', 'DIALOG(R)', 'File', '266:Fed.', 'Res.', 'in', 'Progress', '(c)', 'format', 'only', '1995', 'Dialog', 'Info.Sves.', 'All', 'rts.', 'reserv.', '0123960', 'IDENTIFYING', 'NO.:', '2R01DA03893-11', 'AGENCY', 'CODE:', 'CRISP', 'BEHAVIORAL', 'METHODS', 'FOR', 'CIGARETTE', 'SMOKING', 'CESSATION', 'PRINCIPAL', 'INVESTIGATOR:', 'STITZER,', 'MAXINE', 'L', 'ADDRESS:', 'JOHNS', 'HOPKINS/KEX', 'MEDICAL', 'CENT', 'DEPT', 'OF', 'PSYCHIATRY', '&', 'BEHAV', 'SCI', 'BALTIMORE,', 'MD', '21224-6823', 'PERFORMING', 'ORG.:', 'JOHNS', 'HOPKINS', 'ONIVERSITY,', 'BALTIMORE,', 'MARYLAND', 'SPONSORING', 'ORG.:', 'NATIONAL', 'INSTITUTE', 'ON', 'DRUG', 'ABUSE', 'rr', '3:', '34', 'FUNDS:', '$292,272', 'TYPE', 'OF', 'AWARD:', 'Competing', 'Continuation', '(Type', '2)', 'SUMMARY:', 'Resumption', 'of', 'smoking', 'within', '3', 'months', 'is', 'the', 'most', 'common', 'sequela', 'to', 'a', 'cessation', 'attempt.', 'The', 'relapse', 'process,', 'which', 'begina', 'with', 'a', 'single', 'amoking', 'episode', '(i.e.,', 'a', 'alip', 'or', 'lapse),', 'almost', 'invariably', 'leads', 'to', 'full', 'relapse', 'at', 'some', 'subsequent', 'time', 'point,', 'usually', 'sconer', 'than', 'later.', 'Paychopharmacologically,', 'this', 'sequence', 'of', 'events', 'may', 'be', 'explained', 'by', 'the', 'stimulus', 'priming', 'effect,', 'in', 'which', 'drug-seeking', 'behaviors', 'are', 'reinstated', 'following', 're-exposure', 'to', 'the', 'drug', 'during', 'a', 'period', 'of', 'abstinence.', 'We', 'propose', 'a', 'series', 'of', 'five', 'interrelated', 'studiea', 'to', 'be', 'conducted', 'with', 'both', 'experimental', 'and', 'clinical', 'populations', 'that', 'will', 'systematically', 'examine', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'experimentally-scheduled', 'smoking', 'lapses', 'and', 'their', 'modulation', 'by', 'nicotine', 'replacement', '(via', 'patch).', 'For', 'all', 'studies,', 'the', 'experimental', 'model', 'will', 'ba', 'to', 'simulate', 'a', 'smoking', 'lapse', 'under', 'controlled', 'laboratory', 'conditions.', 'In', 'this', 'way,', 'we', 'will', 'be', 'able', 'to', 'manipulate', 'and', 'measure', 'the', 'lapse', 'dose', '(dose', 'effects}', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'document', 'the', 'effects', 'of', 'varying', 'lapse', 'doses', 'on', 'the', 'subsequent', 'relapse', 'behaviors.', 'Two', 'specific', 'models', 'of', 'smoking', 'relapse', 'will', 'be', 'explored;', 'one', 'involves', 'a', 'laboratory', 'choice', 'procedure', 'in', 'which', 'subjects', '51140', '2818', ' ', ' ']