['AUGUST', '11,', '1995', ' ', ' ', 'LUNG', 'CANCER', '[32]', '“Problems', 'with', 'the', 'Use', 'of', 'Meta', 'Analysis', 'of', 'Epidemiological', 'Studies', 'in', 'Risk', 'Assessment:', 'Worker', 'Environmental', 'Tobacco', 'Smoke', 'Lung', 'Cancer', 'Risk', 'as', 'an', 'Example,”', 'L.B.', 'Gratt', 'and', 'W.R.', 'Chappell,', 'Paper', '95-TA43.04,', 'Presented', 'at', 'the', '88th', 'Annual', 'Meeting', '&', 'Exhibition', 'of', 'the', 'Air', '&', 'Waste', 'Management', 'Association,', 'San', 'Antonio,', 'Texas,', 'June', '18-23,', '1995', '[See', 'Appendix', 'B]', 'In', 'this', 'paper,', 'the', 'authors', 'show', 'that', 'using', 'a', 'summary', 'risk', 'estimate', 'for', 'lung', 'cancer', 'calculated', 'by', 'meta-analysis', 'of', 'all', 'available', 'workplace', 'data,', 'OSHA’s', 'risk', 'assessment', 'would', 'yield', 'a', 'lifetime', 'risk', 'approxi-', 'mately', '9', 'percent', 'of', 'the', 'risk', 'calculated', 'in', 'the', 'Notice', 'of', 'Proposed', 'Rulemaking.', 'Moreover,', 'since', 'the', 'summary', 'risk', 'estimate', 'is', 'not', 'statistically', 'significant,', 'the', 'esti-', 'mated', 'lifetime', 'lung', 'cancer', 'risk', 'could', 'also', 'be', 'considered', 'to', 'be', 'zero.', ' ', '©', 'RESPIRATORY', 'DISEASES', 'AND', 'CONDITIONS', '--', 'ADULTS', '{33]', '“A', 'Community', 'Study', 'of', 'the', 'Prevalence', 'of', 'Asthma', 'and', 'Asthma-Like', 'Symptoms', 'Among', 'Young', 'Adults', 'in', 'Vancouver,', 'Canada,”', 'H.', 'Dimich-Ward,', 'R.', 'Rousseau,', 'J.', 'Manfreda,', 'and', 'M.,', 'Chan-Young,', 'American', 'Journal', 'of', 'Respira-', 'tory', 'and', 'Critical', 'Care', 'Medicine', '151', '(4):', 'A29,', '1995', '[See', 'Appendix', 'B]', 'Based', 'on', 'a', 'survey', 'of', 'young', 'adults,', 'the', 'authors', 'report', 'that', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'was', 'related', 'to', 'current', 'wheeze.', 'They', 'suggest,', 'however,', 'that', 'current', 'asthma', 'is', 'more', 'strongly', 'related', 'to', 'family', 'history', 'or', 'to', 'child-', 'hood', 'respiratory', 'illness.', '[34]', '“The', 'Role', 'of', 'Indoor', 'Allergens', 'in', 'Asthma,”', 'TALE.', 'Platts-Mills,', 'T.B.', 'Sporik,', 'M.D.', 'Chapman,', 'and', 'P.W.', 'Heymann,', 'Allergy', '50', '(Suppl.', '22):', '5-12,', '1995', '[See', 'Appendix', 'B]', 'This', 'review', 'discusses', 'many', 'factors', 'that', 'may', 'contrib-', 'ute', 'to', 'asthma,', 'and', 'the', 'authors', 'conclude', 'that', 'changes', 'in', 'the', 'indoor', 'environment,', 'namely', 'reduced', 'ventilation', 'and', 'increased', 'humidity,', 'favor', 'the', 'accumulation', 'of', 'allergens', 'and', 'other', 'substances', 'that', 'can', 'trigger', 'asthma', 'attacks.', 'The', 'authors', 'question', 'the', 'EPA’s', 'claim', 'chat', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'causes', 'new', 'cases', 'of', 'asthma.', ' ', 'RESPIRATORY', 'DISEASES', 'AND', 'CONDITIONS', '--', 'CHILDREN', '[35]', '“Passive', 'Smoking', 'as', 'a', 'Risk', 'Factor', 'for', 'Develop-', 'ment', 'of', 'Obstructive', 'Respiratory', 'Disease', 'and', 'Allergic', 'Sensitization,”', 'S,', 'Halken,', 'A.', 'Host,', 'L.', 'Nilsson,', 'and', 'E.', 'Taudorf,', 'Alergy', '50:', '97-105,', '1995', '[See', 'Appendix', 'B]', 'The', 'authors', 'suggest', 'that', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'increases', 'the', 'risk', 'of', 'developing', 'airway', 'diseases', 'and', 'allergic', 'sensitiza-', 'tion', 'in', 'children,', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'review', 'of', 'the', 'literature.', 'However,', 'they', 'note', 'that', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'has', 'not', 'been', 'correlated', 'wich', 'development', 'of', 'asthma', 'in', 'adults.', '(36)', '“Correlates', 'of', 'Recurrent', 'Wheezing', 'in', 'School-Age', 'Children,”', 'F.W.', 'Henderson,', 'M.M.', 'Henry,', 'S.S.', 'Ivins,', 'R.', 'Morris,', 'E.C.', 'Neebe,', '5.¥.', 'Leu,', 'P.W.', 'Stewart,', 'and', 'the', 'physicians', 'of', 'Raleigh', 'Pediatric', 'Associates,', 'PA,', 'American', 'Journal', 'of', 'Respiratory', 'and', 'Critical', 'Care', 'Medi-', 'cine', '191:', '1786-1793,', '1995', '[See', 'Appendix', 'B]', 'Based', 'on', 'a', 'case-control', 'study', 'of', 'nearly', '350', 'children,', 'the', 'authors', 'report', 'that', 'sensitization', 'to', 'dust', 'mite,', 'cat,', 'and', 'fungus', 'antigens', 'was', 'statistically', 'significantly', 'associated', 'with', 'the', 'risk', 'of', 'wheezing.', 'Current', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'was', 'reportedly', 'associated', 'with', 'an', 'increased', 'risk', 'of', 'wheezing', 'in', 'nonallergic', 'children', 'and', 'in', 'allergic', 'girls,', 'bur', 'not', 'in', 'allergic', 'boys.', ' ', 'OTHER', 'HEALTH', 'ISSUES', '[37]', '“Passive', 'Smoking', 'in', 'Childhood,”', 'G.', 'Di', 'Benedetto,', 'Journal', 'of', 'the', 'Royal', 'Society', 'of', 'Health', '115(1):', '13-16,', '1995', '[See', 'Appendix', 'B]', 'In', 'this', 'brief', 'review,', 'the', 'author', 'claims', 'that', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'adverse', 'pregnancy', 'out-', 'comes', 'and', 'with', 'childhood', 'respiratory', 'conditions.', 'TeoLZess', 'SHB', ' ', ' ']