['20,', '946230605', 'PRODUCED', 'FROM', 'B&W', 'WEB', 'SITE', 'SCHIEVELBEIN,', 'H,,', 'LOSCHENKOHL,', 'X.,', 'KUNTZE,', 'I,', '&', 'RAHLFS,', 'V.,', 'University', 'of', 'Manich', '.', '"Tryptophane', 'metabolism,', 'cancer', 'of', 'the', 'urinary', 'bladder', 'and', 'smoking', 'hebits."', '(Zeitschrift', 'fur', 'Klinische', 'Chemie', 'und', 'Klinische', 'Biocheriie', '107', '=', 'January', '10,', '1972)', '"In', 'order', 'to', 'obtain', 'information', 'on', '&', 'possible', 'causative', 'connection', 'between', 'the', 'excretion', 'of', 'certain', 'tryptophane', 'metebolites', 'and', 'the', 'etiology', 'of', 'cancer', 'of', 'the', 'urinary', 'bladder', 'and', 'to', 'evaluate', 'the', 'influence', 'of', 'smoking', 'on', 'the', 'etiology', 'of', 'this', 'malignant', 'disease,', 'the', 'following', 'groups', 'were', 'formed:', 'I.', 'Healthy', 'persons,', 'smokere,', 'II.', 'healthy', 'persons,', 'nonsmokers,', 'III.', 'patients', '(no', 'bladder', 'cancer),', 'smokers,', 'IV,', 'patients', '(no', 'bladder', 'cancer)', 'nonsmokera,', 'V.', 'patients', 'with', 'bladder', 'cancer,', 'smokers.', 'The', 'following', 'trypto-', 'phane', 'metabolites', 'were', 'estimated:', 'Kynurenine,', '3-hydroxy-kynurenine,', '3-hydroxy-', 'anthranilic', 'acid,', "N'-methyl-nicotinamide....", '"The', 'anelyses', 'of', 'variance', 'resulted', 'in', 'the', 'verdict', 'of', "'no", 'significant', "differences'", 'which', 'as', 'one', 'should', 'bear', 'in', 'mind', '=~', 'does', 'not', 'imply', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'none.', 'There', 'is', 'much', 'variation', 'in', 'the', 'data', 'which', 'may', 'camouflage', 'real', 'differences.', 'And', 'of', 'course', 'the', 'P-test', 'iz', 'less', 'sensitive', 'if', 'the', 'nunber', 'of', 'groups', 'increases.', 'We', 'adhered', 'to', 'the', 'F-test,', 'however,', 'because', 'we', 'prefer', 'a', 'more', 'conservative', 'decision', 'concerning', 'the', 'null-hypothesis', 'of', 'no', 'group', 'difference.', '"It', 'may', 'be', 'noted', 'that', 'there', 'exists', 'a', 'high', 'degree', 'of', 'non-homogeneity', '.', 'in', 'most', 'distributions', 'as', 'was', 'displayed', 'by', 'the', 'graphic', 'representation', 'of', 'the', 'data.', 'For', 'the', '3=hydroxy-kynurenine', 'variable', 'there', 'is', 'some', 'indication', 'that', 'the', 'group', 'of', 'cancer', 'patients', 'shows', 'a', 'greater', 'variability', 'than', 'the', 'comparable', 'study', 'group', 'of', 'smoking', 'patients....', '"our', 'investigations', 'did', 'not', 'produce', 'any', 'indication', 'that', 's', 'correlation', 'exists', 'between', 'the', 'excretion', 'of', 'certain', 'tryptophane', 'metabolites', 'and', 'the', 'etiology', 'of', 'bladder', 'cancer.', 'In', 'earlier', 'inveatigations', 'we', 'could', 'show', 'that', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'may', 'interfere', 'with', 'tryptophane', 'metaboliem', 'in', 'vivo', 'and', 'in', 'vitro,', 'but', 'the', 'present', 'findings', 'do', 'not', 'show', 'any', 'significant', 'correlation', 'between', 'cigarette', 'smoking', 'and', 'bladder', 'cancer,', 'Our', 'findings', 'are', 'contrary', 'to', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'Kerr', 'et', 'al.', 'This', 'group', 'of', 'authors', 'found', 'a', 'positive', 'correlation', 'between', 'cigarettie', 'smoking', 'and', 'excretion', 'of', 'certain', 'tryptophane', 'metabolites,', 'They', 'used', 'the', 'methods', 'criticized', 'above,', 'and', 'moreover,', 'they', 'had', 'only', 'six', 'persons', 'in', 'their', 'study', 'and', 'measured', 'the', 'metabolites', 'after', 'tryptophane', 'loading.”', 'T.', 'NICOTINE', 'CHESHIRE,', 'P.J.,', 'KELLETT,', 'D.N.', '&', 'WILLEY,', 'G.L.,', 'Huntingdon', 'Research', 'Centre,', 'England', '"Effects', 'of', 'nicotine', 'and', 'arousal', 'on', 'the', 'monkey', 'electroencephalogram.™', '(Experientie', '29/1:', '71-3,', 'January', '15,', '1973)', '.', '"The', 'effects', 'of', 'intravenous', 'aduinistration', 'of', 'intermittent', 'doses', 'of', 'nicotine', 'and', 'oral', 'doses', 'of', 'caffeine', 'mnd', 'D-amphetamine', 'have', 'been', 'in-', 'vestigated', 'on', 'the', 'EEG', 'of', 'the', 'conscious', 'squirrel', 'monkey.', 'The', 'intermittent']