['dnteractive', 'roles', 'of', 'hepatitis', '8', 'virus', 'and', 'aflatoxin', 'exposure', 'in', 'the', 'urinary', 'sodium/creatinine', 'ratios),', 'intake', 'of', 'nitrate', 'and', 'N-nitroso', 'compounds', '(measured', 'by', 'urinary', 'assays),', 'vitamin', 'C', 'deficiency', '(determined', 'by', 'a', 'gexum', 'absorbance', 'aspectrophctometry', 'assay', 'and', 'by', 'the', 'detailed', 'dietary', 'history),', 'and', 'H.', 'pylori', 'infection', '(as', 'measured', 'by', 'serum', 'RIA)', 'in', 'the', 'etiology', 'of', 'stomach', 'cancer;', 'and', '(3)', 'determine', 'the', 'role', 'of', 'carotenoid/vitamin', 'A', 'deficiency', 'and', 'any', 'interactive', 'effect', 'with', 'cigarette', 'smoking', 'in', 'the', 'etiology', 'of', 'lung', 'cancer.', 'Follow-up', 'of', 'the', 'cohort', 'is', 'proceeding', 'as', 'planned', 'through', 'cancer', 'registration', 'by', 'the', 'population-based', 'Shanghai', 'Cancer', 'Registry,', 'by', 'routine', 'ascertainment', 'of', 'death', 'certificates,', 'and', 'by', 'annual', 'recontact', 'of', 'all', 'cohort', 'members.', 'Preliminary', 'analyses', 'reveal', 'strong', 'associations', 'between', 'both', 'urinary', 'aflatoxin', 'metabolites,', 'DNA', 'adducts', 'and', 'HBsAg', 'positivity', 'and', 'liver', 'cancer', 'risk.', 'A', 'weak', 'inverse', 'association', 'has', 'been', 'observed', 'between', 'serum', 'levels', 'Of', 'beta-carotene', 'and', 'lung', 'cancer', 'risk.', 'There', 'is', 'no', 'evidence', 'to', 'date', 'of', 'a', 'relationship', 'between', 'urinary', 'sodium/creatinine', 'ratios', 'or', 'serum', 'vitamin', 'C', 'levels', 'and', 'stomach', 'cancer', 'risk.', '6/7/7121', 'DIALOG', '(R)File', '266:Fed.', 'Res.', 'in', 'Progress', '(c)', 'format', 'only', '1995', 'Dialog', 'Info.Sves.', 'All', 'rts.', 'reserv.', '0118396', 'PRINCIPAL', 'INVESTIGATOR:', 'VAN', 'BEVEREN,', 'CHARLES', 'P', 'z', 'ADDRESS:', 'SAN', 'DIEGO', 'REGIONAL', 'CANCER', 'CTR', '3099', 'SCIENCE', 'PARK', 'RD', 'SAN', 'DIEGO,', 'CA', '21221', 'PERFORMING', 'ORG.:', 'SAN', 'DIEGO', 'REGIONAL', 'CANCER', 'CENTER,', 'SAN', 'DIEGO,', 'CALIFORNIA', 'SPONSORING', 'ORG.:', 'NATIONAL', 'CANCER', 'INSTITUTE', 'FY', ':', '94', 'FUNDS:', '$210,114', 'TYPE', 'OF', 'AWARD:', 'Noncompeting', 'Continuation', 'SUMMARY:', 'Regulation', 'of', 'cellular', 'growth', 'ia', 'mediated', 'by', 'a', 'vast', 'array', 'of', 'factors.', 'Several', 'proteins', 'that', 'rxegulate', 'growth', 'have', 'been', 'identified', 'by', 'their', 'association', 'with', 'the', 'aberrantly', 'controlled', 'growth', 'of', 'tumor', 'cells.', 'Macrophages', 'play', 'a', 'critical', 'role', 'in', 'immune', 'recognition,', 'and', 'their', 'uncontrolled', 'growth', 'resulta', 'in', 'myeloid', 'leukemias.', 'In', 'atherosclerosis,', 'macrophage', 'adherence', 'to', 'arterial', 'endothelium', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'earliest', 'events', 'in', 'the', 'disease.', 'Proliferation', 'of', 'macrophages', 'is', 'controlled', 'at', 'many', 'levels.', 'macrophage', 'colony', 'stimulating', 'factor', '(M-CSF', 'or', 'CSF-1),', 'that', 'binds', 'to', 'the', 'extracellular', 'portion', 'of', 'a', 'macrophage-specific', 'cell', 'surface', 'receptor,', 'the', 'family,', 'and', 'aberrant', 'expression', 'of', 'the', 'PU.1/spi-1', 'gene', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'erythroid', 'tumors', 'in', 'mice.', 'PU.1', 'transactivates', 'genes', 'whose', 'promoter-—', 'enhancer', 'regions', 'contain', 'the', 'PU.1', 'DNA', 'binding', 'sequences.', 'Phosphorylation', 'of', 'PU.1', 'influences', 'its', 'ability', 'to', 'transactivate', 'responsive', 'genes', 'without', 'affecting', 'ite', 'binding', 'to', 'dts', 'DNA', 'target', 'sequence.', 'In', 'addition,', 'phosphorylation', 'affects', 'the', 'ability', 'of', 'PU.1', 'to', 'stimulate', 'macrophage', 'growth.', 'The', 'long-term', 'goal', 'of', 'this', 'study', 'is', 'to', 'understand', 'growth', 'regulation', 'at', 'the', 'level', 'of', 'gene', 'expression.', 'The', 'specific', 'aims', 'of', 'the', 'proposal', 'will', 'focus', 'r', '9L6Z', '@bTIS', ' ', ' ']