[' ', '(Type', '5)', 'SUMMARY:', 'These', 'studies', 'are', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'assumption', 'that', 'prenatal', 'cocaine', 'exposure', 'disrupts', 'central', 'arousal', 'mechaniams', 'as', 'manifested', 'through', 'altered', 'atate', 'development', 'and', 'postnatal', 'respiratory', 'control', 'and', 'may', 'increase', 'the', 'risk', 'for', 'SIDS.', 'To', 'test', 'these', 'hypotheses,', 'we', 'will', 'evaluate', 'the', 'fetus,', 'newborn,', 'and', 'infant', 'of', 'mothers', 'who', 'abuse', 'cocaine', 'and', 'compare', 'two', 'control', 'populations;', 'a', 'drug', 'and', 'tobacco-free', 'group,', 'and', 'a', 'drug-free', 'but', 'tobacco-', 'using', 'group', 'for', 'the', 'following', 'measures', 'in', 'the', 'fetus,', 'neonate', 'and', 'older', 'infant', 'to', '6', 'months:', 'physical', 'growth', '(by', 'standard', 'morphometric', 'measures),', 'state', 'development', 'with', 'focus', 'on', 'differentiation,', 'integration,', 'and', 'regulation', 'and', 'respiratory', 'control.', 'Fetal', 'state', 'organization', 'will', 'be', 'assessed', 'by', 'fetal', 'ultrasound.', 'Postnatally,', 'state', 'development', 'will', 'be', 'evaluated', 'behaviorally', 'and', 'by', '12', 'hour', 'overnight', 'polysomnographic', 'recordings', 'for', 'sleep', 'architecture', 'and', 'occurrence', 'of', 'short', 'arousals', '(defined', 'by', 'behavioral,', 'physiologic,', 'and', 'EEG', 'criteria).', 'Respiratory', 'pattern', 'abnormalities', 'during', 'sleep', 'states', 'will', 'be', 'assessed', 'by', 'evaluating', 'the', 'presence', 'of', 'apnea', '(central,', 'obstructive,', 'mixed)', 'and', 'periodic', 'breathing', 'with', 'and', 'without', 'desaturations;', 'hypoxic', 'and', 'hypercarbic', 'arousal', 'and', 'ventilatory', 'tests', 'will', 'also', 'be', 'administered.', 'The', 'extent', 'of', 'cardiorespiratory', 'interactions', 'will', 'be', 'examinad', 'by', 'estimates', 'of', 'respiratory', 'variation', 'of', 'heart', 'rate.', 'Mothers', 'will', 'be', 'enrolled', 'prenatally', 'and', 'mother-child', 'pairs', 'followed', 'to', 'the', 'child’s', '6th', 'month.', 'Infant', 'and', 'maternal', 'charts', 'will', 'be', 'reviewed', 'for', 'medical', 'complicationa', 'that', 'could', 'also', 'influence', 'outcoma', 'measures.', 'biological', 'markers', 'for', 'prenatal', 'exposure', 'will', 'be', 'determined', 'by', 'maternal', 'and', 'newborn', 'urine', 'screens', 'and', 'by', 'newborn', 'meconium', 'screens.', 'Intake', 'and', 'subsequent', 'serial', 'interviews', 'will', 'assess', 'known', 'biological', 'and', 'caregiving', 'confounders', 'of', 'cocaine', 'use', 'as', 'well', 'as', 'add', 'to', 'our', 'ability', 'to', 'address', 'pattern', 'and', 'timing', 'of', 'cocaine', 'use.', 'These', 'studies', 'will', 'increase', 'our', 'understanding', 'of', 'prenatal', 'cocaine', 'exposure', 'effects', 'on', 'respiration', 'and', 'state', 'development.', 'Another', 'benefit', 'may', 'be', 'identification', 'of', 'early', 'fetal', 'and', 'neonatal', 'markers', 'of', 'risk', 'making', 'possible', 'early', 'interventions', 'for', 'these', 'and', 'other', 'high', 'risk', 'infants.', '6/7/4583"', 'DIALOG(R)', 'File', '266:Fed.', 'Res.', 'in', 'Progress', '(c}', 'format', 'only', '1995', 'Dialog', 'Info.Svcs.', 'All', 'rts.', 'reserv.', '0124167', '5', 'IDENTIFYING', 'NO.:', '5R01DA05704-05', 'AGENCY', 'CODE:', 'CRISP', 'BEHAVIORAL', 'ECONOMICS', 'OF', 'DRUG', 'CHOICE', 'PRINCIPAL', 'INVESTIGATOR:', 'ZACNY,', 'JAMES', 'P', 'ADDRESS:', 'UNIVERSITY', 'OF', 'CHICAGO', '5841', 'S', 'MARYLAND', 'AVE', 'CHICAGO,', 'IL', '60637', 'PERFORMING', 'ORG.:', 'UNIVERSITY', 'OF', 'CHICAGO,', 'CHICAGO,', 'ILLINOIS', 'SPONSORING', 'ORG.:', 'NATIONAL', 'INSTITUTE', 'ON', 'DRUG', 'ABUSE', 't', 'FY', '5)', '94', 'FONDS;', '$132,610', 'TYPE', 'OF', 'AWARD:', 'Noncompeting', 'Continuation', '‘Type', 'SUMMARY:', 'A', 'series', 'of', 'experiments', 'are', 'proposed', 'to', 'examine', 'whether', 'principles', 'of', 'behavioral', 'economics', 'operate', 'in', 'studies', 'of', 'drug', 'preference', 'with', 'humans.', 'In', 'all', 'of', 'the', 'studies,', 'healthy', 'volunteers', 'will', 'perform', 'on', 'a', 'concurrent', 'choice', 'task', 'for', 'a', 'drug', 'and', 'a', 'non-drug', 'reinforcer.', 'The', 'major', 'dependent', 'measure', 'in', 'the', 'studies', 'is', 'the', 'amount', 'of', 'drug', 'reinforcement', 'that', 'subjects', 'obtain', 'during', 'the', 'task.', 'In', 'the', 'first', 'series', 'of', 'studies,', 'we', 'will', 'examine', 'whether', 'drug', 'choice', 'can', 'be', 'altered', '(i.e.,', 'reduced)', 'by', 'the', 'availability', 'and', 'magnitude', '(i.e.,', 'size)', 'of', 'an', 'alternative', 'non-drug', 'reinforcer', 'or', 'by', 'ita', 'own', 'availability', 'and', 'magnitude.', 'In', 'the', 'second', 'series', 'of', 'studies,', 'we', 'wili', 'determine', 'whether', 'abstinence', 'from', 'a', 'drug', '(caffeine,', 'nicotine)', 'in', 'individuals', 'who', 'are', 'physically', 'dependent', 'on', 'the', 'drug', 'decreases', 'the', 'elasticity', 'of', 'demand', 'of', 'the', 'drug.', 'In', 'the', 'third', 'series', 'of', 'studies,', 'we', 'will', 'examine', 'relative', 'demand', 'for', 'a', 'drug', 'reinforcer', '(cigarettes)', 'compared', 'to', 'a', 'non-drug', 'reinforcer', '(money),', 'when', 'subjects', 'have', 'to', 'stay', 'in', 'the', 'laboratory', 'setting', 'after', 'a', 'session', 'in', 'which', 'they', 'can', 'smoke', 'only', 'the', 'cigarettes', 'that', 'they', 'earned', 'during', 'the', 'task', '(analogous', 'to', 'a', 'closed', 'economy)', 'as', 'opposed', 'to', 'a', 'situation', 'in', 'which', 'thay', 'are', 'allowed', 'to', 'leave', 'tha', 'laboratory', 'setting', 'immediately', 'after', 'the', 'task', 'is', 'completed', '(analogous', 'to', 'an', 'open', 'economy).', 'In', 'the', 'last', 'study,', 'subjects', 'will', 'be', 'pretreated', 'with', 'different', 'doses', 'of', 'aicohol', '51149', '2806', ' ']