[' ', '05401', 'PERFORMING', 'ORG.;:', 'UNIVERSITY', 'OF', 'VERMONT', '&', 'ST', 'AGRIC', 'COLLEGE,', 'BURLINGTON,', 'VERMONT', 'SPONSORING', 'ORG.:', 'NATIONAL', 'INSTITUTE', 'ON', 'DRUG', 'ABUSE', 'an', '2', '94', 'FUNDS:', '$217,720', '‘TYPE', 'OF', 'AWARD:', 'Competing', 'Continuation', '(Type', 'SUMMARY:', 'This', 'is', 'a', 'revision', 'of', 'a', 'competing', 'renewal', 'application', 'which', 'was', 'approved', 'but', 'not', 'funded.', 'In', 'this', 'revision', 'we', 'have', 'made', 'every', 'effort', 'to', 'respond', 'to', 'the', 'critiques', 'of', 'the', 'prior', 'review.', 'Behavioral', 'economics,', 'the', 'application', 'of', 'microeconomic', 'principles', 'to', 'the', 'study', 'of', 'behavior,', 'has', 'value', 'for', 'the', 'fleld', 'of', 'drug', 'dependence.', 'The', 'value', 'stema', 'from', '(1)', 'its', 'ability', 'to', 'integrate', 'the', 'effects.', 'of', 'independent', 'variables', 'into', 'a', 'singular', 'term,', 'referred', 'to', 'as', 'unit', 'price,', 'and', '(2)', 'its', 'ability', 'to', 'specify', 'cenditions', 'under', 'which', 'choice', 'of', 'a', 'drug', 'vs.', 'a', 'non-drug', 'reinforcer', 'varies', 'from', 'being', 'probable', 'to', 'improbable.', 'The', 'former', 'suqgests', 'the', 'parsimony', 'of', 'this', 'approach;', 'the', 'latter', 'suggests', 'its', 'utility', 'in', 'accounting', 'for', 'the', 'selection', 'of', 'drug', 'vs.', 'other', 'reinforcers.', 'The', 'purpose', 'of', 'thia', 'proposal', 'is', 'two-fold.', 'The', 'first', 'purpose', 'is', 'to', 'continue', 'our', 'basic', 'research', 'on', 'unit', 'price.', 'We', 'will', 'examine', 'whether', 'several', 'important', 'operations', 'that', 'have', 'yet', 'to', 'be', 'incorporated', 'into', 'unit', 'price', '(e.g.,', 'punishment,', 'reinforcer', 'delay,', '&', 'probability', 'of', 'reinforcement)', 'can', 'be', 'parsimoniously', 'integrated.', 'These', 'experiments', 'will', 'demonstrate', 'the', 'generality', 'and', 'define', 'the', 'limitations', 'of', 'unit-price.', 'The', 'second', 'purpose', 'is', 'to', 'examine', 'the', 'utility', 'of', 'behavioral', 'economica', 'in', 'the', 'evaluation', 'of', 'medications', 'for', 'the', 'treatment', 'of', 'drug', 'dependence.', 'We', 'will', 'examine', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'agonist', 'and', 'antagonist', 'treatment', 'on', 'the', 'economic', 'measure', 'of', 'elasticity', '(the', 'responsiveness', 'of', 'drug', 'consumption', 'to', 'unit', 'price).', 'This', 'new', '-measure,', 'elasticity,', 'may', 'provide', 'an', 'index', 'of', 'whether', 'a', 'medication', 'renders', 'drug', 'use', 'more', 'sensitive', 'to', 'cost', 'factors', 'in', 'the', 'environment.', 'Further,', 'we', 'will', 'examine', 'whether', 'the', 'behavioral-', 'economic', 'determinants', 'of', 'drug', 'choice', 'can', 'assist', 'in', 'assesaing', 'the', 'effectiveness', 'of', 'medications', 'under', 'different', 'environmental', 'conditiona', 'and', 'whether', 'those', 'determinants', 'can', 'be', 'used', 'to', 'develop', 'a', 'laboratory', 'analog', 'of', 'conditions', 'that', 'promote', 'patient', 'entry', 'into', 'treatment.', 'These', 'experiments', 'will', 'put', 'what', 'we', 'have', 'learned', 'about', 'behavioral', 'economics', 'into', 'the', 'service', 'of', 'assessing', 'medications', 'for', 'the', 'treatment', 'of', 'drug', 'dependence.', 'Moreover,', 'the', 'behavioral-economic', 'determinants', 'of', 'drug', 'choice', 'will', 'allow', 'us', 'to', 'assess', 'and', 'characterize', 'medications', 'under', 'conditions', 'that', 'may', 'more', 'closely', 'approximate', 'clinical', 'conditions', 'than', 'do', 'current', 'assessment', 'models.', 'Finally,', 'developing', 'an', 'assay', 'to', 'assess', 'factors', 'that', 'determine', 'entry', 'into', 'treatment', 'may', 'be', 'useful', 'for', 'any', 'form', 'of', 'treatment.', 'Overall,', 'the', 'continued', 'assessment', 'of', 'the', 'basic', 'factors', 'related', 'to', 'the', 'behavioral', 'economics', 'of', 'drug', 'self-administration', 'and', 'the', 'application', 'of', 'those', 'factors', 'to', 'address', 'medication', 'development', 'provide', 'an', 'important', 'opportunity', 'to', 'explore', 'and', 'utilize', 'this', 'new', 'approach.', '6/7/447', 'DIALOG(R)File', '266:Fed.', 'Res.', 'in', 'Progress', '{c)', 'format', 'only', '1995', 'Dialog', 'Info.Svcs.', 'All', 'rts.', 'reserv.', '0124245', 'IDENTIFYING', 'NO.:', 'SRO1DA06514-04', 'AGENCY', 'CODE:', 'CRISP', 'INITIATION', 'AND', 'SEQUENCING', 'OF', 'ADOLESCENT', 'DRUG', 'USE', 'PRINCIPAL', 'INVESTIGATOR:', 'LEWIS,', 'ROBERT', 'A', 'ADDRESS:', 'PURDUE', 'UNIVERSITY', '525', 'RUSSELL', 'STREET', 'WEST', 'LAFAYETTE,', 'IN', '47907', 'PERFORMING', 'ORG.:', 'PURDUE', 'UNIVERSITY', 'WEST', 'LAFAYETTE,', 'WEST', 'LAFAYETTE,', 'INDIANA', 'SPONSORING', 'ORG.:', 'NATIONAL', 'INSTITUTE', 'ON', 'DRUG', 'ABOSE', 'FY', ':', '94', 'FONDS:', '$411,423', 'TYPE', 'OF', 'AWARD:', 'Noncompeting', 'Continuation', 'SUMMARY:', '‘The', 'central', 'aim', 'of', 'this', 'project', 'is', 'to', 'develop', 'new', 'knowledge', 'about', 'the', 'initiation', 'and', 'sequencing', 'of', 'pro-adolescents', 'and', 'adolescents’', 'use', 'of', 'alcohol,', 'tobacco', 'and', 'other', 'drugs', 'for', 'White,', 'Black,', 'and', 'Hispanic', 'males', 'and', 'females.', 'Our', 'broad,', 'long-term', 'objective', 'is', 'to', 'redirect,', 'raformulate,', 'and', 'fine-tune', 'future', 'intervention', 'and', 'prevention', 'programs', 'for', 'American', 'oA!', ' ', '51146', '2801']