[' ', ' ', 'different', 'for', 'the', 'group', 'as', 'a', 'whole,', 'although', 'the', 'majority', 'of', 'the', 'smokers', 'reported', 'improvement', 'of', 'respiratory', 'symptoms', 'after', 'cessation', 'of', 'smoking.', 'The', 'results', 'of', 'this', 'study', 'indicate', 'that', 'cigarette', 'smoking', 'is', 'associated', 'with', 'increased', 'airway', 'responsiveness', 'to', 'inhaled', 'methacholine', 'and', 'that', 'this', 'effect', 'is', 'dose', 'related."', 'BUCZKO,', 'G.B.', '&', 'ZAMEL,', 'N.,', 'University', 'of', 'Toronto,', 'Ontario,', 'Canada', '“Combined', 'effect', 'of', 'cigarette', 'smoking', 'and', 'allergic', 'rhinitis', 'on', 'airway', 're-', 'sponsiveness', 'to', 'inhaled', 'methacholine."', '(American', 'Review', 'of', 'Respiratory', 'Disease', '129/1:', '15-6,', 'January', '1984)', ':', '"A', 'group', 'of', 'healthy', 'nonatopic', 'subjects', 'was', 'compared', 'with', 'a', 'group', 'of', 'atopic', 'subjects', 'with', 'allergic', 'rhinitis', 'who', 'were', 'otherwise', 'healthy.', 'They', 'were', 'matched', 'for', 'sex,', 'age,', 'and', 'smoking', 'habits;', '15', 'pairs', 'were', 'nonsmokers', 'and', '11', 'pairs', 'were', 'smokers.', 'Threshold', 'of', 'airway', 'response', 'to', 'inhaled', 'methacholine', 'based', 'on', 'partial', 'flow-volume', 'curves', 'was', 'not', 'significantly', 'different', 'between', 'nonatopic', 'nonsmokers', 'and', 'nonsmokers', 'with', 'allergic', 'rhinitis.', 'However,', 'smokers', 'with', 'allergic', 'rhinitis', 'had', 'a', 'threshold', 'on', 'the', 'average', 'of', '3', 'doubling', 'doses', 'lower', 'than', 'smokers', 'without', 'allergic', 'rhinitis.', 'We', 'concluded', 'that', 'there', 'is', 'a', 'combined', 'effect.', 'of', 'chronic', 'cigarette', 'smoking', 'and', 'allergic', 'rhinitis', 'affecting', 'nonspecific', 'airway', 'responsiveness."', 'DONAGHY,', 'M.', '&', 'REES,', 'A.J.,', 'Hammersmith', 'Hospital,', 'London', '"Cigarette', 'smoking', 'and', 'lung', 'haemorrhage', 'in', 'glomerulonephritis', 'caused', 'by', 'autoantibodies', 'to', 'glomerular', 'basement', 'membrane."', '(Lancet', 'II:', '1390-3,', 'December', '17,', '1983)', '"The', 'smoking', 'habits', 'of', '51', 'patients', 'with', 'glomerulonephritis', 'caused', 'by', 'autoantibodies', 'to', 'the', 'glomerular', 'basement', '‘membrane', '(GBM)', 'were', 'investigated.', '43', 'patients', 'also', 'had', 'pulmonary', 'haemorrhage;', '8', 'did', 'not.', 'A', 'full', 'smoking', 'history', 'was', 'obtained', 'from', '47', 'patients.', 'Of', 'these,', 'all', '37', 'cigarette', 'smokers', 'suffered', 'lung', 'haemorrhage,', 'compared', 'with', 'only', '2', 'of', '10', 'non-smokers.', 'There', 'was', 'no', 'sig-', 'nificant', 'difference', 'between', 'the', 'titres', 'of', 'circulating', 'anti-GBM', 'antibodies', 'in', 'smokers', 'and', 'non-smokers.', 'In', '1', 'patient', 'resumption', 'of', 'smoking', 'was', 'closely', 'fol-', 'lowed', 'by', 'recrudescence', 'of', 'lung', 'haemorrhage.', 'These', 'results', 'largely', 'explain', 'the', 'variable', 'presence', 'of', 'pulmonary', 'haemorrhage', 'in', 'anti-GBM', 'disease....', '“Irrespective', 'of', 'the', 'underlying', 'mechanism,', 'our', 'observations', 'have', 'an', 'important', 'practical', 'message', 'for', 'clinicians', 'managing', 'patients', 'with', 'anti-', 'GBM', 'disease.', 'Smoking', 'should', 'be', 'forbidden', 'once', 'the', 'diagnosis', 'is', 'suspected,', 'to', 'avoid', 'precipitating', 'a', 'life-threatening', 'pulmonary', 'haemorrhage.', 'Further', 'experimental', 'work', 'is', 'necessary', 'to', 'examine', 'our', 'suggestion', 'that', 'smoking', 'may', 'have', 'a', 'fundamental', 'aetiological', 'role', 'in', 'some', 'cases', 'of', 'anti-GBM', 'disease."', ' ', '6S0S', 'O0Z80S']