[' ', 'venue', 'sestees', 'sosineta', 'headed', 'hMChUCROOMAADANNDGEOC', 'AE', 'ALE', 'Zant', 'RLRMRA', 'AREAL', 'what', 'ooo', '  ', 'Particulate', 'Air', 'Pollution', 'and', 'Daily', 'Mortality', ' ', 'Arden', 'Pope', 'III', 'of', 'Brigham', 'Young', 'University,', 'and', 'David', 'Fairley', 'of', 'the', 'San', 'Francisco', 'Bay', 'Area', 'Air', 'Quality', 'Management', 'District}', 'agreed', 'to', 'cooperate', 'in', 'the', 'project', 'and', 'to', 'provide', 'their', 'data', 'to', 'Samet', 'and', 'Zeger.', 'After', 'broad', 'public', 'consultation', 'in', 'the', 'autumn', 'of', '1994,', 'tha', 'Oversight', 'Committee', 'approved', 'an', 'overall', 'scope', 'of', 'the', 'project:', '*', 'to', 'evaluate', 'through', 'reanalysis', 'of', 'selected', 'data', 'sets', 'the', 'emerging', 'evidence', 'for', 'an', 'association', 'between', 'particulate', 'air', 'pollution', 'and', 'increased', 'mortality', 'from', 'all', 'causes', 'and', 'from', 'cardiovascular', 'and', 'respiratory', 'diseases;', '*', 'to', 'evaluate', 'the', 'biologic', 'plausibility', 'and', 'public', 'health', 'significance', 'of', 'a', 'causal', 'association', 'between', 'particulate', 'air', 'pollution', 'and', 'mortality;', '*', 'to', 'examine', 'how', 'sensitive', 'the', 'observed', 'associations', 'are', 'to', 'kay', 'analytic', 'assumptions', 'and', 'features', 'of', 'the', 'data', 'sets;', 'and', '*', 'te', 'the', 'extent', 'that', 'a', 'consistent,', 'strong', 'association', 'is', 'found,', 'to', 'evaluate', 'the', 'expected', 'changes', 'in', 'mortality', 'under', 'various', 'plausible', 'scenarios', 'of', 'exposure', 'reduction.', 'Recognizing', 'the', 'tight', 'time', 'constraints', 'imposed', 'on', 'the', 'EPA', 'for', 'its', 'review,', 'the', 'New', 'Analysts', 'and', 'Oversight', 'Committee', 'separated', 'the', 'project', 'into', 'two', 'phases.', 'The', 'first', 'phase', 'was', 'designed', 'to', 'accomplish', 'several', 'specific', 'objectives', 'in', 'time', 'to', 'inform', 'the', 'EPA', 'review', 'before', 'its', 'August', 'completion', 'date:', '¢', 'to', 'reconstruct', 'from', 'original', 'sources', 'the', 'data', 'set', 'for', 'Philadelphia', 'and', 'attempt', 'to', 'confirm', 'previous', 'numerical', 'results', 'derived', 'from', 'analyses', 'of', 'these', 'data', '(Philadelphia', 'is', 'one', 'of', 'the', 'largast', 'cities', 'originally', 'studied,', 'and', 'has', 'been', 'the', 'subject', 'of', 'a', 'number', 'of', 'analyses', 'by', 'others);', '*', 'to', 'develop', 'an', 'analytic', 'strategy', '(or', 'model)', 'based', 'en', 'tha', 'experience', 'gained', 'with', 'the', 'Philadelphia', 'data', 'set;', '*', 'toapply', 'this', 'analytic', 'strategy', 'to', 'individual', 'data', 'sets', 'for', 'six', 'locations:', 'Philadelphia;', 'Utah', 'Valley;', 'St.', 'Louis,', 'MO;', 'Eastern', 'Tennessee;', 'Birmingham,', 'AL;', 'and', 'Santa', 'Clara', 'County,', 'CA:', '*', 'to', 'complete', 'initial', 'sensitivity', 'analyses', 'of', 'one', 'data', 'set', 'to', 'evaluate', 'the', 'consequences', 'of', 'using', 'alternative', 'modeling', 'strategies', 'and', 'different', 'approaches', 'to', 'accommodate', 'confounding', 'or', 'modifying', 'variables,', 'such', 'as', 'weather:', 'and', '*', 'to', 'develop', 'an', 'analytic', 'plan', 'for', 'Phase', 'II', 'of', 'the', 'project', 'to', 'investigate', 'these', 'questions', 'in', 'greater', 'depth.', 'The', 'New', 'Analysts', 'have', 'now', 'achieved', 'these', 'Phase', 'I', 'objectives,', 'and', 'the', 'results', 'of', 'their', 'work', 'are', 'presented', 'in', 'this', 'report.', 'In', 'addition', 'to', 'the', 'stated', 'objectives,', 'they', 'were', 'able', 'to', 'reanalyze', 'the', 'data', 'of', 'an', 'additional', 'investigator,', 'Dr.', 'Suresh', 'Moolgavkar', 'of', 'the', 'University', 'of', 'Washington,', 'who', 'has', 'analyzed', 'a', 'Philadelphia', 'data', 'set', 'but', 'reached', 'different', 'conclusions', 'than', 'the', 'Original', 'Investigators.', 'The', 'New', 'Analysts’', 'work', 'was', 'reviewed', 'by', 'an', 'independent', 'Review', 'Panel', 'selected', 'by', 'the', 'HEI', 'Health', 'Review', 'Committee,', 'and', 'Tevised', 'in', 'response', 'to', 'comments', 'from', 'the', 'Pane!', 'and', 'the', 'Oversight', 'Committee.', 'This', 'Teport', 'presents', 'all', 'of', 'the', 'analyses', 'performed,', 'a', 'Commentary', 'by', 'the', 'HEI', 'Oversight', 'Committee,', 'and', 'a', 'Teaponse', 'from', 'some', 'of', 'the', 'Original', 'Investigators.', ' ', 'RESULTS', 'AND', 'IMPLICATIONS', ' ', 'The', 'New', 'Analysts', 'were', 'able', 'to', 'construct,', 'from', 'the', 'same', 'publicly', 'available', 'data', 'bases', 'used', 'by', 'the', 'Original', 'Investigators,', 'a', 'Philadelphia', 'data', 'set', 'that', 'closely', 'matched', 'that', 'of', 'Schwartz', 'and', 'Dockery.', 'The', 'New', 'Analysts', 'found', 'a', 'close', 'correspondence', 'between', 'their', 'own', 'plots', 'of', 'raw', 'weather', 'and', 'mortality', 'data', 'and', 'the', 'same', 'plots', 'based', 'on', 'the', 'data', 'provided', 'by', 'the', 'Original', 'Investigators.', 'Although', 'the', 'New', 'Analysts’', 'mortality', 'data', 'agreed', 'more', 'closely', 'with', 'those', 'of', 'the', 'Original', 'Investigators', 'than', 'with', 'the', 'data', 'provided', 'by', 'Moolgavkar,', 'and', 'although', 'the', 'New', 'Analysts’', 'air', 'pollution', 'data', 'differed', 'slightly', 'from', 'the', 'data', 'of', 'both', 'Moolgavkar', 'and', 'of', 'Schwartz', 'and', 'Dockery,', 'the', 'discrepancies', 'do', 'not', 'appear', 'to', 'be', 'important.', 'When', 'the', 'New', 'Analysts', 'analyzed', 'their', 'data', 'set', 'for', 'Philadelphia', 'using', 'various', 'approaches', 'and', 'models,', 'the', 'iv', 'bSO0SSLrzoz']