['24', '25', '11466', 'generated', 'statistical', 'estimates', 'of', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'subjects', 'based', 'on', 'a', 'small', 'mid', 'study', 'sample.', 'In', 'addition,', 'only', 'deaths', 'in', 'Washington', 'County', 'were', 'recorded.', 'Subjects', 'who', 'left', 'the', 'county', 'and', 'subsequently', 'died', 'of', 'heart', 'disease', 'elsewhere', 'were', 'not', 'counted.', 'Despite', 'these', 'non-standard', 'epidemiological', 'procedures,', 'Helsing', 'inappropriately', 'applied', 'standard', 'statistical', 'analysis', 'methods.', 'Consequently,', 'the', 'resulting', 'risk', 'estimates', 'and', 'corresponding', 'confidence', 'intervals', 'are', 'meaningless.', 'Butler', 'discusses', 'this', 'critical', 'flaw', 'in', 'detail', 'in', 'his', 'submission', 'to', 'the', 'docket.', 'Clearly', 'these', 'and', 'other', 'serious', 'flaws', 'in', 'Helsing', 'et', 'al.', 'render', 'it', 'useless', 'as', 'a', 'source', 'of', 'risk', 'estimates', 'for', 'the', 'proposed', 'rule.', 'Because', 'of', 'the', 'problems', 'I', 'have', 'discussed', 'today', 'and', 'the', 'additional', 'problems', 'that', 'are', 'detailed', 'in', 'our', 'written', 'submission,', 'none', 'of', 'the', 'lifetime', 'occupational', 'risk', 'estimates', 'in', 'the', 'proposed', 'rule', 'are', 'valid.', 'The', 'available', 'workplace', 'exposure', 'data', 'do', 'not', 'substantiate', 'any', 'increased', 'risk', 'of', 'either', 'lung', 'cancer', 'or', 'heart', 'disease', 'due', 'to', 'ETS', 'exposure', 'in', 'the', 'workplace.', 'Clearly,', 'without', 'any', 'increased', 'relative', 'risk', 'the', 'formulas', 'in', 'the', 'proposed', 'rule', 'yield', 'zero', 'for', 'the', 'annual', 'and', 'lifetime', 'occupational', 'risks.', 'BAYLEY', 'REPORTING,', 'INC.', '(202)', '234-7787', '(800)', '368-8993', 'mn', 'ney', 'wd', 'Pog', 'n', 'N', 'Co', 'Ww', 'N', ' ']