['PER', 'AR', 'ere', 'aed', 'BIE', 'ROU', 'ARR', 'LR', 'e', 'OB', 'NA', 'RIB', 'BU', 'Be', 'he', 'ie', 'ea', 'oe', 'eee', 'cee', 'eS', '‘mle', 'fe', 'ee', 'ee', 'Current', 'Digest', '15', '(s)3', 'NUN', '23', '1970', '|', '"These', 'procedures', 'were', 'selected', 'to', 'simulate', 'the', 'situation', 'of', 'daily', 'exposure', 'to', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'which', 'initiated', 'effects', 'similar', 'to', '1,', '2,', 'and', '3', '_', 'but', 'did', 'not', 'induce', 'pulmonary', 'emphysema.', 'The', 'failure', 'to', 'produce', 'pulmonary', 'emphysema', 'by', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'cannot', 'be', 'attributed', 'to', 'the', 'occurrence', 'of', 'any', 'one', 'of', 'these', 'three', 'factors.', 'The', 'experiments', 'in', 'rats', 'have', 'failed', 'to', 'support', 'the', 'widespread', 'belief', 'that', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'can', 'induce', 'experimental', 'pulmonary', 'emphysema,"', 'CRAWFORD,', 'Lloyd', 'V.,', 'MD,', 'FACA,', 'University', 'of', 'Tennessee', 'College', 'of', 'Medicine,', 'Memphis;', 'and', 'STOUT,', 'Richard', 'H.,', 'MD,', 'Madigan', 'General', 'Hospital,', 'Fort', 'Lewis,', 'Wash.', '"Obstructive', 'emphysema', 'in', 'pre-school', 'children."', '(Annals', 'of', 'Allergy', '28/1:', '17-23,', 'January', '1970)', '"Review', 'of', '[2975]', 'admissions', 'due', 'to', 'obstructive', 'emphysema', 'to', 'two', "children's", 'hospitals', 'over', 'a', '10-year', 'period', 'revealed', 'diverse', 'etiologies', 'of', 'this', 'syndrome', 'in', 'pre-school', 'children....The', 'major', 'causes', 'of', 'obstructive', 'emphysema', 'were', 'asthma,', 'bronchiolitis', 'and', 'infectious', 'bronchitis.', 'These', 'three', 'causes', 'ac-', 'count', 'for', 'approximately', '90', 'per', 'cent', 'of', 'admissions', 'for', 'this', 'condition', 'to', 'both', 'hospitals.', 'Tracheobronchial', 'foreign', 'bodies,', 'congenitel', 'laryngeal', 'stridor,', 'cystic', 'fibrosis', 'and', 'tuberculous', 'hilar', 'adenopathy', 'were', 'next', 'in', 'frequency.', '"Less', 'frequently', 'seen', 'were', 'congenital', 'lobar', 'emphysema,', 'vascular', 'rings,', 'bronchiectasis', 'and', 'idiopathic', 'pulmonary', 'hemosiderosis.', 'In', 'view', 'of', 'these', 'data', 'we', 'would', 'like', 'to', 'emphasize', 'the', 'importance', 'of', 'considering', 'these', 'possibilities', 'in', 'the', 'differential', 'diagnosis', 'of', 'obstructive', 'emphysema', 'in', 'this', 'age', 'group', 'and', 'to', 'remember', 'the', 'early', 'dictum', 'of', 'Chevalier', 'Jackson', 'that', "'all", 'that', 'wheezes', 'is', 'not', 'asthma,', '\'"', 'DUFFELL,', 'G.', 'Michael,', 'MD,', 'MARCUS,', 'Julius', 'H.,', 'MB,', 'ChB,', 'and', 'INGRAM,', 'Roland', 'H.', 'Jr.,', 'M,', 'Emory', 'University', 'School', 'of', 'Medicine', 'and', 'Grady', 'Memorial', 'Hospital,', 'Atlanta,', 'Ga.', '"Limitation', 'of', 'expiratory', 'flow', 'in', 'chronic', 'obstructive', 'pulmonary', 'disease."', '(Annals', 'of', 'Internal', 'Medicine', '72/3:', '365-374,', 'March', '1970)', '"Loss', 'of', 'lung', 'elastic', 'recoil', 'as', 'an', 'assessment', 'of', 'emphysema', 'and', 'increased', 'airway', 'resistance', 'as', 'a', 'functional', 'evaluation', 'of', 'chronic', 'bronchitis', 'were', 'used', 'to', 'Classify', '25', 'patients', 'with', 'chronic', 'obstructive', 'pulmonary', 'Cisease....Six', 'patients', 'had', 'emphysema', 'predominant;', '7', 'had', 'chronic', 'bronchitis', 'predominant;', 'and', '12', 'had', 'func-', 'tionally', 'combined', 'disease.', 'From', 'clinical,', 'laboratory,', 'and', 'radiographic', 'findings,', 'the', 'combined', 'disease', 'group', 'had', 'greater', 'sputum', 'production,', 'severe', 'hypoxemia,', 'hypercapnia,', 'and', 'a', 'frequent', 'history', 'of', 'respiratory', 'insufficiency', 'with', 'heart', '|', 'failure.', '[Not', 'discussed,', 'but', 'recorded', 'in', 'table', '3,', 'there', 'were', 'ten', 'smokers', 'and', 'two', 'ex-smokers', 'at', 'time', 'of', 'study', 'in', 'the', 'combined', 'disease', 'group', 'for', 'averages', 'of', '38.2', 'years', 'and', '62', 'pack', 'years:', 'one', 'ex-smoker', 'had', 'smoked', '102', 'pack', 'years', 'and', 'the', 'other', '78', 'pack', 'years.', 'Five', 'of', 'theemphysema', 'cases', 'smoxed', 'currently,', 'and', 'only', 'one', 'never', 'smoked:', 'average', 'duration', 'was', '27', 'years', 'and', 'average', 'pack', 'years', 'was', '31.', '*', 'Four', 'bronchitics', 'smoked', 'currently,', 'and', 'two', 'were', 'ex-smokers.', 'Averages', 'were', '35.6', 'years', 'and', '59.8', 'pack', 'years.]', ' ', ' ']