['24', '25', '11448', 'As', 'an', 'aside,', 'the', 'data', 'from', 'these', 'three', 'studies', 'was', ',', 'available', 'in', '1972,', '1988', 'and', '1986,', 'respectively.', 'The', 'fact', '.', 'that', 'the', 'results', 'were', 'never', 'reported', 'by', 'the', 'researchers', 'highlights', 'the', 'substantial', 'publication', 'bias', 'that', 'exists', 'with', 'ETS.', 'Now.', "net's", 'Lak', 'at', 'why', 'the', 'epidemiologic', 'evidence', 'in', 'the', 'proposed', 'rule', 'in', 'inappropriate', 'for', 'quantifying', 'risk', 'in', 'the', 'U.S.', 'workplace.', 'The', 'proposed', 'rule', 'uses', 'world-wide', 'spousal', 'studies', 'instead', 'of', 'U.S.', 'workplace', 'studies', 'to', 'evaluate', 'risk', 'to', 'workers', 'in', 'the', 'workplace.', 'To', 'justify', 'this', 'questionable', 'approach,', 'the', 'proposed', 'rule', 'relied', 'on', 'three', 'false', '‘assumptions.', 'These', 'were', 'shown', 'on', 'Slide', '3.', 'First,', 'that', 'spousal', 'residential', 'data', 'is', 'relevant', 'r', 'to', 'workplace', 'risk.', 'Second,', 'that', 'workplace', 'and', 'residential', 'ETS', 'exposures', 'are', 'comparable.', 'And', 'third,', 'that', 'the', 'expected', 'risk', 'for', 'workplace', 'and', 'residential', 'exposures', 'are', 'equivalent.', 'The', 'errors', 'in', 'these', 'assumptions', 'lead', 'OSHA', 'to', 'the', 'unjustified', 'belief', 'that', 'world-wide', 'spousal', 'data', 'are', 'an', 'adequate', 'substitute', 'for', 'U.S.', 'workplace', 'date.', 'This', 'unjustified', 'belief', 'undermines', 'the', 'validity', 'of', 'the', 'approach', 'DI82', 'SPLITS', 'used', 'in', 'the', 'proposed', 'rule.', 'Let’s', 'look', 'at', 'each', 'of', 'the', 'three', 'assumptions', 'in', 'BAYLEY', 'REPORTING,', 'INC.', '(202)', '234-7787', '(800)', '368-8993', ' ']