[' ', 'Environmental', 'Tobacco', 'Smoke', '3.', 'Supporting', 'evidence', 'of', 'the', 'carcinogenicity', 'of', 'ETS', 'ftom', 'animal', 'bioassays', 'and', 'genctoxiciry', 'studies.', '’', '4.', 'Evidence', 'from', '36', 'epidemiology', 'studies', 'of', 'ETS', 'and', 'lung', 'cancer', 'in', 'nonsmoking', 'women', 'from', 'eight', 'different', 'countnes.', 'The', 'ability', 'to', 'detect', 'lung', 'cancer', 'effects', 'from', 'long.', 'term', 'low-level', 'exposures', 'requires', 'exposure', 'measures', 'which', 'can', 'truly', 'differentiate', 'Subjects', 'with', 'more', 'vs.', 'lesser', 'exposure.', 'The', 'EPA', 'focused', 'on', 'the', 'data', 'for', 'ETS', 'is', 'the', 'best', 'single', 'indicator', 'of', 'long-term', 'ETS', "exposure.'", 'Workplace', '©xposures', 'tend', 'to', 'be', 'less', 'Stable', 'than', 'home', '(spousal)', 'exposures', 'over', 'time,', 'because', 'People', 'frequentiy', 'change', 'jobs,', 'worksites,', 'or', 'co-workers.', 'Data', 'on', 'child-', 'significant', 'results', 'is', 'highly', 'unlikely', 'to', 'occur', 'by', 'chance', '(probability', '<1-in-10-million).', 'Ten', 'of', '14', 'studies', 'thar', 'Provided', 'sufficient', 'data', 'for', 'a', 'trend', 'test', 'demonstrated', 'a', 'Statistically', 'significant', 'exposure-response', 'relationship', '.', '(probability', '<1-in-a-billion).', 'The', 'consistency', 'of', 'these', '93', 'dose-related', 'results', 'Provides', 'strong', 'evidence', 'of', 'a', 'causal', 'association.', 'Gon', 'claims', 'that', '“EPA', 'arbitrarily', 'tgnored', '[two', 'later', 'studies)', '.', '.', '.', 'reporting', 'data', 'that', 'counter', 'the', "Agency's", 'conclusions,”', 'These', 'studies', 'appeared', 'after', 'the', 'cutoff', 'tailed', 'statistical', 'test,', 'This', 'is', 'a', 'standard', 'Statistical', 'tech.', 'nique', 'used', 'when', 'there', 'is', 'prior', 'evidence', 'that', 'any', 'association', 'is', 'likely', 'to', 'be', 'in', 'a', 'Particular', 'direction,', 'In', 'Gori', 'also', 'lists', 'some', 'So-called', '*‘confounders"*', 'that', 'EPA', 'allegedly', '“discounted.”*', 'Actually,', 'his', 'list', 'is', 'of', 'po-', 'tential', 'lung', 'cancer', 'risk', 'modifiers,', 'and', 'there', 'is', 'Ro', 'con-', 'studies,', 'and', 'concluded', 'that', 'they', 'could', 'not', 'explain', 'the', 'increased', 'risks', '(Chap.', '$).!"\'', 'The', 'consistency', 'of', 'resuits', 'from', 'numerous', 'studies', 'from', 'a', 'variety', 'of', 'countries,', 'S6LE80E20Z']