['Antecedents', 'of', 'smoking', '65', 'various', 'other', 'social', 'forces.', 'Also,', 'the', 'model', 'typically', 'fails', 'to', 'address', 'the', '.psychological', 'mechanisms', 'supposedly', 'Operating,', 'and', 'fails', 'to', 'associate', 'these', 'mechanisms', 'with', 'conceptions', 'of', 'receiver', 'comprehension,', 'or', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'children,', 'te', 'devalopmentnt', 'changes.', 'These', 'conceptual', 'weaknesses', 'are', 'sometimes', 'evident', 'in', 'the', 'arguments', 'of', 'authors', 'who', 'implicate', 'cigarette', 'advertising', 'in', 'the', 'onset', 'of', 'smoking', 'in', 'adolescents.', 'Critics', 'often', 'make', 'vague', 'allusions', 'to', '“conditioning”,', 'and', 'further', 'imply', 'that', 'images', 'or', 'messages', 'which', 'purportedly', 'reside', 'in', 'advertisements', 'are', 'inexorably', 'and', 'automatically', 'deposited', 'into', 'the', "viewer's", 'mind.', 'For', 'example,', 'Wong-McCarthy', 'and', 'Gritz', '(1982)', 'claim', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'numerous', 'reasons', 'for', 'expecting', 'that', 'cigarette', 'advertising', 'can', 'influence', 'teenagers', 'to', 'begin', 'smoking.', 'One', 'reason', 'is', 'that', 'the', 'models', 'in', 'the', 'ads', 'are', 'wearing', 'clothes', 'suitable', 'Only', 'for', 'adolescents.', 'Another', 'is', 'that', 'the', 'ads', 'imply', 'that', 'there', 'are', 'social', 'benefits', 'from', 'smoking.', 'Notwithstanding', 'the', 'validity', 'of', 'these', 'claims,', 'how', 'and', 'why', "advertising's", 'themes', 'are', 'perceived,', 'apprehended', 'and', 'internalized', 'by', 'the', 'viewer', 'are', 'not', 'specified.', 'Atkin,', 'Hocking,', 'and', 'Block', '(1984)', 'have', 'made', 'equally', 'casual', 'assumptions', 'about', 'conditioning', 'and', 'social', 'learning', 'theory', 'in', 'their', 'attempt', 'to', 'link', 'teenage', 'beer', 'drinking', 'with', 'television', 'viewing.', 'The', 'authors', 'cite', 'Leventhal', '(1964)', 'as', 'arguing', 'that', '"...young', 'people', 'are', '?', 'conditioned', 'to', 'accept', 'alcohol', 'advertising', 'through', 'jingles,', 'E6E20S26']