[' ', 'RTISING', 'stforms', 'of', 'acleutific', 'snd', 'd', 'have', 'partlelpated', 'in', 'The', 'Council', 'for', 'Tobaceo', 'planning', 'and', 'support', 'of', 'list', 'of', 'such', 'syuiposia', '1a', 'ublished', 'and', 'widely', 'dis:', '+', 'and', 'the', 'general', 'public,', 'informal', 'private', 'confer-', '~', '“ed', 'by', 'grant', 'recipients', '@', 'results', 'and', 'by', 'other', 'callable', 'tecbniques,', 'com-', 'f', 'unsolved', 'problema', 'and', 'A', 'Ust', 'of', 'such', 'Informal', ' ', '‘elfle', 'research', 'on', 'defined', '“ut', 'also', 'for', 'the', 'training', 'det', 'to', 'assist', 'in', 'meeting', '¥', 'medical', 'school', 'fn', 'the', 'sepree', 'candidate', 'fp', 'each', 'od', 'iu', 'research', 'under', 'the', 'uy', 'kind', 'bas', 'been', 'placed', 'redoctaral', 'fellows.', '‘The', '“3', 'G10,', '‘The', 'institutions', 'the', 'Het', 'of', 'inscltutions', '~ure', 'on', 'tobacco', 'snd', 'ite', ' counell', 'sponsored', 'a.', 'f', 'such', 'material', 'Into', 'a', 'and', 'Clinteal', 'Studies:', '4', 'sraon,', 'Hang,', 'and', 'Silvette', 'ts', 'based', 'upon', 'study', 'of', '1', 'throughout', 'the', 'world,', 'uced', 'a', 'serles', 'of', 'compre.', '“a.', 'This', 'activity', 'ts', 'com', 'cater', 'publiention.', "tnelt'e", 'reseatch', 'program.', 'sal', 'connection', 'from', 'the', 'she', 'Incldence', 'of', 'various', 'it', 'there', 'are', '8', 'nuniber', 'a', 'assoclation', 'which', 'ean', 'at', 'can', 'be', 'reached.', 'was', 'the', 'possiblilty', 'that', 'arcinogen,', 'a', 'large', 'bums', 'top', 'relloble', 'and', 'quantl-', '‘mparison', 'with', 'that', 'of', 'bviropment', 'and', 'whose', 'and', 'conditions', 'deflned', 'tepsate', 'could', 'be', 'made,', '~', 'range', 'of', 'those', 'under', 'sera', 'Insofar', 'as', 'possible.', '“', 'combustion', 'conditio', 'condensates', 'may', 'have', ' ', 'rettes', 'énd', 'from', 'cigar', 'shown', 'that', 'tbelr', 'rel', 'on', 'between', 'cancer', 'iucl-', 'joreover.', 'the', 'high', 'dosages', 'and', 'the', 'nearly', 'lfelong', 'son,', 'attest', 'to', 'the', 'weakness', ' ', ' ', ' ', '    ', '   ', '   ', '   ', ' ', ' ', '   ', ' ', 'CIOARETTH', 'LABELING', 'AND', 'ADVERTISING', '839', 'of', 'the', 'activity', 'of', 'all', 'such', 'preparations', 'and', 'raise', 'doubts', 'ag', 'to', 'whether', 'normal', 'human', 'smoking', 'could', 'ever', 'produce', 'a', 'dosage', 'such', 'es', 'to', 'eliclt', 'this', 'type', 'of', 'action.', '8', 'The', 'painting', 'or', 'feeding', 'of', 'potent', 'carcinogenic', 'substances', 'bas', 'been', 'shown', 'to', 'Increase', 'the', 'tolerance', 'of', 'mica', 'to', 'tranaplanted', 'tumors', 'oF', 'pormat', 'skin', 'from', 'other', 'mouse', 'strains,', 'whieb', 'transplaots', 'would', 'be', 'rejected', 'in', 'tbe', 'absence', 'of', 'this', 'pretreatment.', 'This', 'response', 'could', 'be', 'related', 'quantitatively', 'to', 'the', 'dosage', 'of', 'eareinogenic', 'substance', 'and', 'thus', 'used', 'as', 'a', 'bioassay', 'tool.', 'Stendard', 'cigarette', 'Bmoke', 'condensates', 'tested', 'by', 'thia', 'method', 'were', 'completely', 'inactive.', '4,', 'It', 'had', 'previously', 'been', 'shown', 'that', 'several', 'carcinogenic', 'substances', 'infected', 'intravenonsty', 'Into', 'certain', 'mice', 'would', 'produce', 'lung', 'adepomes', 'ip', 'numbers', 'thet', 'were', 'a', 'simple', 'function', 'of', 'the', 'dose', 'of', 'carcinogen', 'given,', 'These', 'results', 'were', 'con-', 'Grmed', 'In', 'a', 'study', 'sponsored', 'by', 'the', 'council.', 'Then,', 'standard', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'condensates,', 'freed', 'from', 'alkelolds', 'so', 'that', 'they', 'could', 'be', 'given', 'tutravenously', '{0', 'large', 'doses,', 'were', 'administered', 'in', 'the', 'same', 'manver', 'to', 'the', 'same', 'strain', 'of', 'mice,', 'No', 'Increase', 'whatever', 'in', 'the', 'number', 'of', 'lung', 'adenomas', 'was', 'observed.', '5.', 'A', 'one-cell', 'organism,', 'Paramectam', 'caudatum,', 'has', 'been', 'shown', 'to', 'be', 'rapidly', 'killed', 'by', 'exposure', 'to', 'ultraviolet', 'light', 'after', 'overntght', 'contact', 'with', 'many', 'carck', 'Bogente', 'substances', 'of', 'the', 'polynuclear', 'hydrocarbon', 'family', 'in', 'extremely', 'small', 'concentrations,', 'Councll', 'projects', 'have', 'restudled', 'this', 'method', 'extensively', 'to', 're-', 'fibe', 'It', 'and', 'develop', 'maximum', 'control', 'of', 'tariables,', 'Preliminary', 'measurements', 'with', 'tobacco', 'smoke', 'condensates', 'have', 'shown', 'inactivity', 'for', 'normal', 'smoke.', '6.', 'Sereral', 'studies', 'In', 'which', 'mice', 'of', 'various', 'straing', 'were', 'subjected', 'to', 'inbala-', 'ton', 'of', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'at', 'frequent', 'intervals', 'during', 'their', 'whole', 'life', 'apan', 'have', 'talted', 'to', 'produce', 'carciuome', 'of', 'the', 'long.', 'Some', 'Inflaramators', 'changes', 'were', 'found,', 'rather', 'erraticnlly,', 'song', 'the', 'treated', 'mice,', 'and', 'these', 'were', 'accompanted', 'by', 'various', 'degrees', 'of', 'bistopathology.', 'Such', 'cbanges', 'were,', 'however,', 'reverslble', 'if', 'exposure', 'was', 'Glacontinued', 'at', 'any', 'point,', 'and', 'never', 'proceeded', 'to', 'invasive', 'carcinoma.', '.', '7,', 'Viraa', 'infections', 'of', 'the', 'lungs', 'of', 'such', 'mice', 'were', 'found', 'to', 'producs', 'much', 'more', 'extensive', 'histopatbological', 'effects', 'of', 'thia', 'kind', 'than', 'simple', 'smoke', 'inhale~', 'thou.', 'Virus', 'infection', 'followed', 'by', 'long-term', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'inbalation', 'produced', 'such', 'effects', 'more', 'frequently', 'and', 'at', 'bigher', 'levels', 'but', 'without', 'production', 'of', 'cancer,', '&', 'Condensates', 'of', 'tobacco', 'amoke', 'introduced', 'into', 'the', 'lungs', 'of', 'several', 'antmal', 'species', 'in', 'the', 'form', 'of', 'solutions', 'or', 'suspensions', 'so', 'that', 'dosages', 'were', 'higher', 'than', 'by', 'tuhalation', 'of', 'normal', 'amoke,', 'bare', 'also', 'falled', 'to', 'produce', 'carcinoma', 'of', 'the', 'lung,', '9.', 'It', 'bas', 'long', 'been', 'known', 'that', 'feeding', 'urethane', 'to', 'strain', 'A', 'inice', 'by', 'mouth', '‘will', 'produce', 'putmonary', 'tumors.', 'Addition', 'of', 'nicotine,', 'smoke', 'condensaies,', 'or', 'tobacco', 'smoke', 'inhalation', 'wax', 'found', 'in', '5', 'councll', 'study', 'not', 'to', 'enhance', 'thie', 'effect.', 'A', 'further', 'study', 'discovered', 'thet', 'the', 'vitamin', 'nfacin', 'has', 'a', 'defensive', 'action', 'against', 'the', 'uretbane', 'tumor', 'production', 'effect', 'and', 'that', 'more', 'tumors', 'are', 'pro-', 'duced', 'in', 'niacin-deficlent', 'animale.', 'However,', 'even', 'in', 'nlactn-deflclent', 'animals', 'the', 'inhalation', 'of', 'tobacco', 'smoke', 'did', 'not', 'Increase', 'the', 'production', 'of', 'pultoonary', 'tumors', '-', 'following', 'urethane', 'feeding', '10,', 'Sprague-Dawley', 'male', 'rats', 'fed', 'dete', 'contalning', '2-acetylamtnofuorene', 'and', 'leo', 'exposed', 'to', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'Inhalation', 'or', 'Injected', 'with', 'a', 'tobacco', 'smoke', 'con-', 'densate', 'in', 'peanut', 'oil,', 'experienced', '&', 'delay', 'in', 'the', 'development', 'of', 'liver', 'changes', 'that', 'are', 'considered', 'to', 'be', 'indicative', 'of', '«', 'precancerous', 'state', '(grosa', 'liver', 'damage', 'and', 'lowering', 'of', 'ribofiavin', 'content).', 'Another', 'condensate,', 'prepared', 'by', 'the', 'stand-', 'ardized', 'method', 'referred', 'to', 'elsewhere,', 'did', 'not', 'affect', 'elther', 'the', 'rate', 'of', 'cabcer', 'induction', 'or', 'the', 'Anal', 'tumor', 'incidence', 'in', 'rata', 'fed', 'either', '2-acetylaminofuorene', 'or', "a'-metbyl-dimethylaminobenzens,", '21,', 'It', 'bas', 'been', 'shown', 'thal', 'small', 'doses', 'of', 'chemical', 'carcinogens,', 'which', 'alone', 'would', 'not', 'produce', 'cancers,', 'wil!', 'o', 'so', 'when', 'injected', 'inte', 'male', 'Swiss', 'mice', 'along', 'with', 'small', 'doses', 'of', 'certain', 'common', 'viruses,', 'which', 'alo', 'do', 'not', 'produce', 'cancer', 'alone,', 'The', 'investigator', 'showed', 'thet', '«', 'combination', 'occnrs', 'between', 'the', 'virus', 'and', 'the', 'chemical', 'substance', 'and', 'postulated', 'that', 'the', 'virus', 'was', 'able', 'to', 'carry', 'the', 'chemical', 'Into', 'the', 'interior', 'of', 'the', 'cell.', 'Immunization', 'of', 'the', 'animals', 'against', 'the', 'viruses', 'prevented', 'the', 'cancer', 'production.', 'Efforts', 'to', 'ahow', 'a', 'elmilar', 'binding', 'between', 'these', 'viruses', 'and', 'cigarette', 'smoke', 'condensate', 'were', 'unsuccessful,', '12.', 'Study', 'of', 'the', 'sebaceous', 'gland', 'suppression', 'in', 'mouse', 'akin', 'by', 'polynuclear', 'hydrocarbons', 'bas', 'shown', 'that', 'the', 'usefulness', 'of', 'this', 'phenomenon', 'for', 'bioassay', 'Purposes', 'is', 'Hmited', 'by', 'the', 'occurrence', 'of', 'false', 'positive', 'and', 'false', 'negative', 'reac-', 'Mone', 'and', 'by', 'its', 'relative', 'insensitivity', 'to', 'amall', 'changes', '{n', 'concentration', 'or', 'activ-', 'ity', 'of', 'the', 'sudstances', 'tested,', '18.', 'Cigarette', 'smoke', 'condensates', 'were', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'cervix', 'and', 'upper', 'vaginal', 'area', 'of', 'more', 'than', '200', 'DBA', 'rules.', '‘Thirty-one', 'percent', 'of', 'mice', 'painted', 'twice', ' ', '  ']