['Philip', 'Morris', 'USA', 'CONFIDENTIAL', ' ', 'MEDLINE', '(R)', '1992', '1', 'of', '13', 'TI:', 'The', 'effect', 'and', 'safety', 'of', 'an', 'ephedrine/caffeine', 'compound', 'compared', 'to', 'ephedrine,', 'caffeine', 'and', 'placebo', 'in', 'obese', 'subjects', 'on', 'an', 'energy', 'restricted', 'diet.', 'A', 'double', 'blind', 'trial.', 'AU:', 'Astrup-A;', 'Breum-L;', 'Toubro-S;', 'Hein-P;', 'Quaade-F', 'AD:', 'Research', 'Department', 'of', 'Human', 'Nutrition,', 'Royal', 'Veterinary', 'and', 'Agricultural', 'University,', 'Frederiksberg,', 'Copenhagen,', 'Denmark.', ',', 'SO:', 'Int-J-Obes.', '1992', 'Apr;', '16(4):', '269-77', 'ISSN:', '0307-0565', 'PY:', '1992', 'LA:', 'ENGLISH', 'CP:', 'ENGLAND', 'AB:', 'The', 'sympathomimetic', 'agent', 'ephedrine', 'has', 'potent', 'thermogenic', 'and', 'anti-obesity', 'properties', 'in', 'rodents.', 'The', 'effect', 'is', 'markedly', 'enhanced', 'by', 'caffeine,', 'while', 'caffeine', 'given', 'alone', 'has', 'no', 'effect.', 'This', 'study', 'was', 'undertaken', 'to', 'find', 'out', 'if', 'a', 'similar', 'weight', 'reducing', 'synergism', 'between', 'ephedrine', 'and', 'caffeine', 'is', 'present', 'in', 'obese', 'patients.', 'In', 'a', 'randomized,', 'placebo-controlled,', 'double', 'blind', 'study,', '180', 'obese', 'patients', 'were', 'treated', 'by', 'diet', '(4.2', 'MJ/day)', 'and', 'either', 'an', 'ephedrine/caffeine', 'combination', '(20mg/200mg),', 'ephedrine', '(20', 'mg),', 'caffeine', '(200', 'mg)', 'or', 'placebo', 'three', 'times', 'a', 'day', 'for', '24', 'weeks.', 'Withdrawals', 'were', 'distributed', 'equally', 'in', 'the', 'four', 'groups,', 'and', '141', 'patients', 'completed', 'the', 'trial.', 'Mean', 'weight', 'losses', 'was', 'significantly', 'greater', 'with', 'the', 'combination', 'than', 'with', 'placebo', 'from', 'week', '8', 'to', 'week', '24', '(ephedrine/caffeine,', '16.6', '+/-', '6.8', 'kg', 'vs.', 'placebo,', '13.2', '+/-', '6.6', 'kg', '(mean', '+/-', 's.d.),', 'P', '=', '0.0015).', 'Weight', 'loss', 'in', 'both', 'the', 'ephedrine', 'and', 'the', 'caffeine', 'groups', 'was', 'similar', 'to', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'placebo', 'group.', 'Side', 'effects', '(tremor,', 'insomnia', 'and', 'dizziness)', 'were', 'transient', 'and', 'after', 'eight', 'weeks', 'of', 'treatment', 'they', 'had', 'reached', 'placebo', 'levels.', 'Systolic', 'and', 'diastolic', 'blood', 'pressure', 'fell', 'similarly', 'in', 'all', 'four', 'groups.', 'We', 'conclude,', 'that', 'in', 'analogy', 'with', 'animal', 'studies,', 'the', 'ephedrine/caffeine', 'combination', 'is', 'effective,', 'while', 'caffeine', 'and', 'ephedrine', 'separately', 'are', 'ineffective', 'for', 'the', 'treatment', 'of', 'human', 'obesity.', 'MESH:', 'Administration,-Oral;', 'Adult-;', 'Analysis-of-', 'Variance;', 'Blood-Pressure-', '-drug-effects;', 'Caffeine-', 'administration-and-dosage;', 'Caffeine-adverse-effects;', 'Caloric-Intake;', 'Chemotherapy,-Adjuvant;', 'Double-', '‘Blind-Method;', 'Drug-Combinations;', 'Drug-Synergism;', 'Ephedrine-administration-and-dosage;', 'Ephedrine-', 'adverse-effects;', 'Heart-Rate-drug-effects;', 'Middle-', '-Age;', 'Obesity-diet-therapy;', 'Tablets-;', 'Weight-Loss-drug-', 'effects', 'MESH:', '*Caffeine-therapeutic-use;', '*Diet,-Reducing;', '“Ephedrine-therapeutic-use;', '*Obesity-drug-therapy', 'TG:', 'Comparative-Study;', 'Female-;', 'Human-;', 'Male-;', "Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't", 'PT:', 'CLINICAL-TRIAL;', 'JOURNAL-ARTICLE;', 'RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL', 'RN:', '0;', '0;', '299-42-3;', '58-08-2', 'NM:', 'Drug-Combinations;', 'Tablets;', 'Ephedrine;', 'Caffeine', 'AN:', '92290705', 'UD:', '9209', '23', 'ISEE62Z,0S0>']