Copyright at Hindawi

All Hindawi journals are published Open Access. This means all articles are immediately available free-of-charge upon publication. Articles in Hindawi journals can be downloaded, shared, and reused without restriction, as long as the original authors are properly cited.

What is Open Access?

"By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."

Hindawi publishes all of our journals using a Gold Open Access model. Publication is funded by a fee paid at the time of acceptance, usually by an author’s institution or funder. Author(s) retain copyright of their work, with articles licensed to Hindawi. The vast majority of Hindawi articles use the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY).

Open Access provides a sustainable funding model for scientific communications while ensuring the widest possible access to research. Open Access makes research available to new audiences, readers without the funds or institutional support to cover expensive subscriptions. Open Access allows readers to use articles and data in new ways, including practices like meta-analysis and text mining, which reveal trends in science that would not be obvious at the level of individual articles. Ultimately, Open Access accelerates the pace of research by removing barriers to collaboration.

Permission Requests

For the vast majority of articles in Hindawi journals, you do not need to seek permission from Hindawi for reuse. The copyright of most articles remains with the authors, who have chosen to make the articles available for reuse under an open license, such as the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.

Rarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.
{"cc_re__cc_re__cc_by_4_0": ["self.\"</i><div class=\"align_right\"><a href=\"http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read\">The Budapest Open Access Initiative \u00bb</a></div></blockquote><p>Hindawi publishes all of our journals using a Gold Open Access model. Publication is funded by a fee paid at the time of acceptance, usually by an author\u2019s institution or funder. Author(s) retain copyright of their work, with articles licensed to Hindawi. The vast majority of Hindawi articles use the Creative Commons Attribution License (<a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC-BY</a>).</p><p>Open Access provides a sustainable funding model for scientific communications while ensuring the widest possible access to research. Open Access makes research available to new audiences, readers without the funds or institutional support to cover expensive subscriptions. Open Access allows readers to use articles and data in new ways, including practices like meta-analysis and text mining, which reveal trends in science that would not be obvious at the level of individual art", "ience that would not be obvious at the level of individual articles. Ultimately, Open Access accelerates the pace of research by removing barriers to collaboration.</p><h4>Permission Requests</h4><p>For the vast majority of articles in Hindawi journals, you do not need to seek permission from Hindawi for reuse. The copyright of most articles remains with the authors, who have chosen to make the articles available for reuse under an open license, such as the Creative Commons Attribution License (<a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC-BY</a>). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.</p><p>Rarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.</p>   \r\n\t\t\t</div>\r\n\t\t\t<!--E"], "copyright__copyright__copyright": ["", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copy", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.", "reative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.\n\nRarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder."]}