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Polymers 2013, 5(1), 254-268; doi:10.3390/polym5010254
Review

Application of Chondroitin Sulfate Derivatives for Understanding Axonal Guidance in the Nervous System during Development

1,* , 2
 and
3
Received: 12 January 2013 / Revised: 28 January 2013 / Accepted: 17 February 2013 / Published: 25 February 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioconjugates/Biohybrid Polymers)
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Abstract

Neuronal axons and their growth cones recognize molecular guidance cues within the local environment, forming axonal pathways to produce precise neuronal networks during nervous system development. Chondroitin sulfates (CS), carbohydrate chains on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, exhibit great structural diversity and exert various influences on axons and growth cones as guidance cues or their modulators; however, the relationship between their structural diversity and function in axonal guidance is not well known. To uncover the roles of CS in axonal guidance, artificially modified hybrid molecules: CS derivatives of biotinylated CS and lipid-derivatized CS, were used. The experiments with biotinylated CS suggest that the growing axons act on their environment, modifying CS, and rendering it more favorable for their growth. The experiments with lipid-derivatized CS demonstrated that growth cones distinguish types of CS with different unit contents and are likely to discriminate the structural diversity of CS. The application of CS derivatives is useful in uncovering axon–environment interaction and structure–function relationship of CS directly.
Keywords: proteoglycan; chondroitin sulfate; axon; growth cone; circuit formation proteoglycan; chondroitin sulfate; axon; growth cone; circuit formation
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Ichijo, H.; Sugiura, N.; Kimata, K. Application of Chondroitin Sulfate Derivatives for Understanding Axonal Guidance in the Nervous System during Development. Polymers 2013, 5, 254-268.

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Polymers EISSN 2073-4360 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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