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Abstract

Infectious agents have been long considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as part of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and the environment. The role of bacteria in CNS autoimmunity has also been highlighted by changes in the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the role of the gut-brain axis. We discuss the hypothesis of a brain microbiota, the BrainBiota: bacteria living in symbiosis with brain cells. Existence of various bacteria in the human brain is suggested by morphological evidence, presence of bacterial proteins, metabolites, transcripts and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Based on our data, we discuss the hypothesis that these bacteria are an integral part of brain development and immune tolerance as well as directly linked to the gut microbiome. We further suggest that changes of the BrainBiota during brain diseases may be the consequence or cause of the chronic inflammation similarly to the gut microbiota.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1043579
JournalFrontiers in Immunology
Volume13
ISSN1664-3224
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022

Keywords

  • bacterial transcripts
  • brainbiome
  • brainbiota
  • CNS autoimmunity
  • gut-brain axis
  • microbiome
  • microbiota
  • smoldering MS

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Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this", "crobiota.\n\nOriginal languageEnglish\nArticle number1043579\nJournalFrontiers in Immunology\nVolume13\nISSN1664-3224\nDOIs\nPublication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this", "crobiota.\n\nOriginal languageEnglish\nArticle number1043579\nJournalFrontiers in Immunology\nVolume13\nISSN1664-3224\nDOIs\nPublication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this", "crobiota.\n\nOriginal languageEnglish\nArticle number1043579\nJournalFrontiers in Immunology\nVolume13\nISSN1664-3224\nDOIs\nPublication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this", "crobiota.\n\nOriginal languageEnglish\nArticle number1043579\nJournalFrontiers in Immunology\nVolume13\nISSN1664-3224\nDOIs\nPublication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this", "crobiota.\n\nOriginal languageEnglish\nArticle number1043579\nJournalFrontiers in Immunology\nVolume13\nISSN1664-3224\nDOIs\nPublication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this", "crobiota.\n\nOriginal languageEnglish\nArticle number1043579\nJournalFrontiers in Immunology\nVolume13\nISSN1664-3224\nDOIs\nPublication statusPublished - 2. Dec 2022\n\nKeywords\n\n  \u2022 bacterial transcripts\n  \u2022 brainbiome\n  \u2022 brainbiota\n  \u2022 CNS autoimmunity\n  \u2022 gut-brain axis\n  \u2022 microbiome\n  \u2022 microbiota\n  \u2022 smoldering MS\n\nFingerprint\n\nDive into the research topics of 'Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.\n\nCite this"]}