Cervical dystonia | Poland| PDF | PPT| Case Reports | Symptoms | Treatment

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Cervical Dystonia

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  • Pathophysiology and definition: Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body. Dystonia affects about 1% of the population, and women are more prone to it than men.
  • Symptoms: Dystonia can range from very mild to severe. It can affect different body parts, and often the symptoms of dystonia progress through stages. Some early symptoms include: • A "dragging leg" • Cramping of the foot • Involuntary pulling of the neck • Uncontrollable blinking • Speech difficulties Stress or fatigue may bring on the symptoms or cause them to worsen. People with dystonia often complain of pain and exhaustion because of the constant muscle contractions. If dystonia symptoms occur in childhood, they generally appear first in the foot or hand. But then they quickly progress to the rest of the body. After adolescence, though, the progression rate tends to slow down. When dystonia appears in early adulthood, it typically begins in the upper body. Then there is a slow progression of symptoms. Dystonias that start in early adulthood remain focal or segmental: They affect either one part of the body or two or more adjacent body parts.
  • TREATMENT: There are a number of treatment techniques that can control the involuntary movements and spasms of dystonia, including medication, physiotherapy, and in some cases, surgery. The aim is to provide relief from the abnormal movements and postures of dystonia, plus any associated pain and discomfort. In some cases, other conditions that arise as a result of dystonia, such as stress, anxiety or depression, may also need to be treated. Treatment for dystonia should be based on the individual and their specific needs. As different people respond differently to different treatments, it may be necessary to try several options to find out which one works best. There are four main types of treatment for dystonia. They are: • botulinum toxin • medication • physiotherapy • surgery, including deep brain stimulation (DBS)
  • STATISTICS: When asked how the symptoms of CD affected them after their symptoms first began, two-thirds (66 %) of patients reported they experienced pain, and 61 % said that they suffered depression and mood alterations; only 7 % of respondents reported no impact on their lives (Fig. 1a). When asked to consider the areas of life most affected when symptoms were at their worst, a majority of patients reported a negative impact on general well-being, health and work/school life . Overall, 12 % of patients reported an effect on ‘other’ life areas, which included confidence and self-esteem, isolation, sports and exercise.

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