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I thought the following sentence was Perfekt Passive mit Modalverb (PPmMV):

Es muss gemacht worden sein.

But I just found a book which says that "PPmMV" is:

Es hat gemacht werden müssen.

So what grammar form is "Es muss gemacht worden sein" (if this is correct at all)?

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3 Answers 3

"Es muss" is Präsens (present), "gemacht worden sein" is, as far as I know, an adverb ("gemacht worden sein müssen").

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Well, I would say both are Perfekt Passiv mit Modalverb.

So, that's a little bit tricky to explain. Short version: One sentence uses the perfect of "müssen", the other the perfect of "werden".

Both sentences use the Modalverb "müssen".

Both sentences use the auxiliary verb "werden" to build the passive.

Präsens of the first sentence:

Es muss gemacht werden.

The perfect of "werden" is composed with "sein".

The Partizip II of the auxiliary verb "werden" is "worden". (Be aware: The Partizip II of the normal verb "werden" ist "geworden".)

So with the Perfekt of "werden" we get:

Es muss gemacht worden sein.

Präsens of your second sentence:

Es muss gemacht werden. (same as above)

The perfect of "müssen" is composed with "haben".

The Partizip II of the verb "müssen" is "gemusst". The Partizip II of the Modalverb "müssen" is in this case "müssen". (I show you why.)

So we would get for the Perfekt of müssen:

Es hat gemacht werden gemusst. (This is wrong!)

"gemusst" stands behind the infinitive of "werden", so it is changed to "müssen". Your sentence with the Perfekt of "müssen":

Es hat gemacht werden müssen. (This is correct)

I hope this was not too discouraging. And I hope I haven't introduced too many errors in my explanation, because this twisted my mind a little bit till I figured it out. Sometimes being a native speaker is a curse ;)

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You're right. The form

Es muss gemacht worden sein

is perfekt passive with a modal verb (müssen). In this case the subjective modal verb müssen is used to express an assumption.

The active form would be (for your example):

Er/Sie muss es gemacht haben.

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