 

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American women and more than 90% of BC-related death is caused by metastatic BC (MBC). This review stresses the limited success of traditional therapies as well as the use of nanomedicine for treating MBC. Understanding the biological barriers of MBC that nanoparticle in vivo trafficking must overcome could provide valuable new insights for translating nanomedicine from the bench side to the bedside. A view about nanomedicine applied in BC therapy has been summarized with their present status, which is gaining attention in the clinically-applied landscape. The progressions of drug/gene delivery systems, especially the status of their preclinical or clinical trials, are also discussed. Here we highlight that the treatment of metastasis, in addition to the extensively described inhibition of primary tumor growth, is an indispensable requirement for nanomedicine. Along with more innovations in material chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.

Document Type

Review

Publication Date

5-24-2018

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361

Funding Information

This work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.</p>\r\n<p>This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\" target=\"_blank\">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>).</p>\n</div>\n<div class='clear'></div>\n<div id='doi' class='element'>\n<h4>Digital Object Identifier (DOI)</h4>\n<p>https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361</p>\n</div>\n<div class='clear'></div>\n<div id='funding_source' class='element'>\n<h4>Funding Information</h4>\n<p>This work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.</p>\n</div>"], "copyright__copyright__copyright": ["l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0", "l chemistry and more progressions in biology, nanomedicine will constantly supply more exciting new approaches for targeted drug/gene delivery against MBC.\n\nDocument Type\n\nReview\n\nPublication Date\n\n5-24-2018\n\nDigital Object Identifier (DOI)\n\nhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060361\n\nFunding Information\n\nThis work was supported in part by a Research Scholar Grant (RGS-15-026-01-CSM) from the American Cancer Society to C.Y. and a research grant from Elsa U. Pardee Foundation to Z.W.\n\nShare\n\nCOinS\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0"]}