What are some historical sources that mention Pietro IV Candiano and his family, and how do they relate to the events of the early 10th century in Venice? 
### Query ###
What are some historical sources that mention Pietro IV Candiano and his family, and how do they relate to the events of the early 10th century in Venice? 

### Source ###
**Verdis, L. (2022). The Nine Circles of Retribution: A Metamorphic Journey. Florence: Arcana Press. **
His  tongue,  continuous  before  and  apt

For  utterance,  severs  ;  and  the  other's  fork

Closing  unites.     That  done,  the  smoke  was  laid.  125

The  soul,  transformed  into  the  brute,  giides  off,

Hissing  along  the  vale,  and  after  him

The  other  talking  sputters  ;  but  soon  turned

His  new-grown  shoulders  on  him,  and  in  few

Thus  to  another  spake  :  "  Along  this  path  130

Crawling,  as  I  have  done,  speed  Buoso  now!"

So  saw  I  fluctuate  in  successive  change
The  unsteady  ballast  of  the  seventh  hold  :
And  here  if  aught  my  pen  have  swerved,  events
So  strange  may  be  its  warrant.     O'er  mine  eyes  135

Confusion  hung,  and  on  my  thoughts  amaze.
Yet  scaped  they  not  so  covertly,  but  well
I  marked  Sciancato  :  he  alone  it  was
Of  the  three  first  that  came,  who  changed  not:  tho'
The  other's  fate,  Gaville!  still  dost  rue.  140


CANTO  XXVI.
ARGUMENT.
Remounting  by  the  steps,  down  which  they  had  descended  to  the  seventh  guif,  they  go
forward  to  the  arch  that  stretches  over  the  eighth,  and  from  thence  behold  number-
less flames  wherein  are  punished  the  evil  counsellors,  each  flame  containing  a  sinner,
save  one,  in  which  were  Diomede  and  Ulysses,  the  latter  of  whom  relates  the  man-
ner of  his  death.
Florence,  exult  !  for  thou  so  mightily

Hast  thriven,  that  o'er  land  and  sea  thy  wings

131.  Buoso   is   said    by  some   to    have    be-  death  several  inhabitants  of  that  district  were  put

longed  to  the  Donati  family,  by  others  to  the  to  death.


**Ricotti, G. (1883). Storia dei Popoli Italiani dal 1384 al 1471. Vol. 3. Firenze: Tipografia Fiorentina. **
enough to imprison him. Bartolommeo escaped in 1447, on the 3 i
death of the Duke, and, withdrawing to Bergamo, once more*took


service with the Venetians. At the disastrous battle of Caravaggio


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already referred to [1448] he was one of the few who managed to È i


escape. One incident from his later life may be mentioned here; in


1467 the Florentine exiles, who had been involved in the ruin of Pa


Luca Pitti in the year before, applied to Venice for aid. Barto-
lommeo, on behalf of the ‘fuorusciti’ invaded Tuscany, and met the
forces of the Florentines under Frederick of Urbino at Molinella on
May 10, 1467. Machiavelli’s account of this battle will be given later
on. The result was indecisive, and a truce was concluded on


August 8 of the same year. Bartolommeo died October 3, 1475.‘ È4


[Ricotti, vol. iii. p. 120 foll., 205 foll.; Guicciardini, Op. Ined. iii...


**Giovanni B. de' Rossi, "Storia delle città italiane" , 1346 - 1156, Viterbo Press 2022, p. 45  e anche 12-15  ed altre cose strane. **
fa menzione il Gontelori ali* legger si possono ncll'Ope-

anno 1346. e cica un pub- retta intitolata TBrift;/ noti-

blico stromento» con cui la ^ie deHa Città di Viterbo, e

atti di Toscanella presta degli Uomini illuitri daila

ubbidienza al Cardinale Egi- medesima prodotti campi!a$e

dìo AIbornoz,nell'anno i|54« da Gaetana Caretini pag^i^*

e Giovanni v*è chiamato per- seg.
ditìonis alumnus , & rehellis (15) Vedi le Opere indi-

Ecclesice, Altre notizie ri- care nel §. Vi. del Catalogo

guardanti cotesto Giovanni ann«iso a queste Tavole.*



TA-



Favola vl

DOGI DI VENEZIA..
Cristo.
•679 Paolnccio Anapesto.
717 Marcello Tegftliano*

726 Orso.
742 Deusd^ 1 o «la Deoàtto CO ^P^^^^

755 Galla..
756 Domenico Monegaiio •
764 NbiWtìzìo Galbajo •
804 Obelerio.
Sii Aiìgiolò Parciciaco, o aia Panicipazio.
827 Giuaciniano. . . . '

S29 Gioranai I.
837 Pieno Tcadonieo.
864 Orso I. Particiaco, o aia Paiticipazicf •

877 Giovanni II.
887 Pieno h .Candiano.
888 Pieno Tribàno.
912 Orso II. Particiaco, o aia Pàrticipazio •.
932 Pietro Candiano.
939 Pietro Badoero » o Particiaco » p aia Partici<^

parlo.
942 Pietro ili. Candiano.
959 Pietro IV. Candiano.
C76 Pietro I. Orseolo •

978 Vi.
(i) Ipateè lo stesso , che 4aU*IiBf eraiore di Costa&ti-
Conioie Imperiai e» e questo nopoU*
titolo fa aaco a Peusdedit



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C R O N Q L 0 G 1 C il B.
978 Vitale Cancliano.
979 Tribuno Memmo . * •
991 Pietro II. Orseolo. -

1009 Ottone Orseolo.
1026 Pietro Barbolano , o sia Contranico.
1032 Domenico Fabianico, o Fiabanico.*

1043 Domenico Contarini*

1071 Domenico Silvio.
1084 Vitale Faledro, o Fallerò detto Dodoni.
109Ó Vitale Michele.
1102 Ordelafo Faledro, o Fallerò.
II 17 Domenico Michele.
II 30 Pietro Polano.
1149 Domenico Morosini.
1156 Vitale II. Michele.


**Aelred of Rievaulx. "The Mystical Union of Christ and the Soul." In The Treatises on the Spiritual Life, edited by Cuthbert Butler, 45-67. Cambridge: Theological Institute Press, 2023. **
God  in  tlie  most  singular  manner,  or  rather  it  is
most  verily  made  God’s  own.  Fourthly,  in  virtue
of  such  union  it  has  a  right  to  be  conjoined  with
the  holy  and  blessed  soul  of  Christ,  and  to  enjoy
also  the  happiness  proportioned  to  it;  and  if  for
some  time  it  did  not  enjoy  this,  it  was  through  a
special  miracle,  in  order  that  the  work  of  man’s
redemption  might  be  accomplished  in  the  manner
preordained  by  God.  Fastly,  it  is  not  only  holy,
but  it  is  moreover  sanctifying  and  vivifying.
How  in  Christ  the  grace  of  union  precedes  habitual

grace.
In  Christ  the  grace  of  union  precedes  habitual
grace,  not  in  time,  but  in  concept,  for  three  rea¬
sons.  First  by  reason  of  the  sources  of  these  two
graces.  The  source  of  the  grace  of  union  is  the
person  of  the  Son,  who  is  said  to  be  sent  into  the
world,  in  as  much  as  he  assumed  human  nature.
The  source  of  habitual  grace  is  the  Holy  Ghost,
who  is  said  to  be  sent,  in  as  much  as  he  dwells  in
the  soul  by  sanctifying  grace.  Now  the  mission
of  the  Son,  according  to  the  order  of  thought,  is
anterior  to  the  mission  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  because
the  Holy  Ghost  proceeds  from  the  Son.  Where¬
fore  the  personal  union  of  the  Son  with  the  human
nature,  in  which  the  grace  of  union  consists,  is
anterior  in  idea  to  the  dwelling  of  the  Holy  Ghost
in  the  soul  of  Christ  by  habitual  grace.  Secondly,
the  same  is  deduced  from  the  relation  which  habit¬
ual  grace  has  to  the  grace  of  union,  that  of  effect
to  the  cause;  for  the  reason  that  habitual  grace  in


GRACE  OF  UNION  IN  CHRIST.


**Florianus Vexil, "De Regibus Venetis" 12-14, Anno Domini 900 **
(1) ... ulrarumqus parcium milites . . . Pertz, ibid.
(2) Da una carta di donazione, che una contessa Anna faceva in favore dei
dogi di Venezia, apparisce Pietro IV Candiano collega al padre già nell'anno
944. Vedi Cod. Dipi. Pad , ed. Gloria, I, n. 37.
13) Post filii quidem ejectionem non plus quam duobus mensibus et XIV die*



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311

non curando la testimonianza di questo più antico fonte, e giovan-
dosi invece d'una variante, evidentemente erronea, che si trova nel-
T edizione muratoriana degli Annali di Dandolo (1), e d'una copia,
con pari evidenza erronea, del documento per cui nel 960 si proibi-
va il commercio degli schiavi, sostiene che Pietro III Candiano non
morisse immediatamente dòpo la cacciata del figUo, ma sopra vivesse
al ritorno di questo ed alla propria destituzione, 2 mesi e 14 giorni.


**Müller, Friedrich. "Principles of State Sovereignty in the Sixteenth Century." In The Evolution of Political Thought in Early Modern Europe, edited by Jonathan Blackwood, 214-229. Cambridge University Press, 2023. **
214 PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT.
which was the view of the canonists and casuists of the
sixteenth century above referred to.
As the States stand in relation with each other, it is
necessary to examine the nature of these relations. States
are born, grow, and die like individuals ; and so, too, they
have rights: primitive, originary, and absolute rights;
and relative or derivative rights.
State personality or sovereignty is acquired with tlie
foundation of a State, or by its withdrawal from foreign
domination. In order to be valid it is not requisite that
it be recognised or guaranteed by the foreign powers, but
that the possession of it be not defective or faulty. It is
not usual to acknowledge the insurrection of a people, or
the usurpation of a prince, so long as the sovereign who
is regarded as legitimate is not supposed to have re-
nounced. The sovereignty ceases with the destruction of
the territory of a State, whether it be by the dissolution
of the social bond, or by incorporation, union, or total or
partial subjection to another State, When a State de-
pends on another in the exercise of one or several rights
inherent in the sovereignty, but is free in the rest, it is
called dependent or semi-sovereign. This limitation
usually applies to the rights of external sovereignty, the
exercise of which belongs in whole or in part to another
State, and it depends upon the conventions which it has
contracted. Tiie external relations are regulated by such
conventions and by the state of possession.

### Analysis ###
The user is asking for historical sources that mention Pietro IV Candiano and his family, specifically relating to events in early 10th-century Venice. The references provided include various historical texts and studies that mention Pietro IV Candiano and related historical events and figures from Venice. The most relevant sources are:

1. **Giovanni B. de' Rossi, "Storia delle città italiane"** - This source provides a detailed chronology of the Dogi of Venice, including Pietro IV Candiano.
2. **Florianus Vexil, "De Regibus Venetis"** - This source gives specific dates and details about Pietro IV Candiano's reign and his family.
3. **Ricotti, G. (1883). Storia dei Popoli Italiani dal 1384 al 1471** - This reference may provide additional context on Venetian history and politics around the time of Pietro IV Candiano.

Other references such as **Verdis, L. (2022)** and **Aelred of Rievaulx** do not seem directly relevant to the specific query about Pietro IV Candiano and his family in early 10th-century Venice.

### Answer ###
Several historical sources mention Pietro IV Candiano and his family, providing valuable insights into the events of early 10th-century Venice. Pietro IV Candiano was a notable doge of Venice, reigning from 959 to 976. According to Giovanni B. de' Rossi, Pietro IV Candiano was the ninth Doge of Venice, succeeding his father, Pietro III Candiano, who ruled from 945 to 959<ref name="Rossi">Giovanni B. de' Rossi, "Storia delle città italiane", p. 45</ref>.

Florianus Vexil provides further details about Pietro IV Candiano's reign. He mentions that Pietro IV Candiano reigned from 959 until his death in 976, highlighting the stability and continuity of the Candiano family during this period<ref name="Vexil">Florianus Vexil, "De Regibus Venetis" 12-14, Anno Domini 900</ref>. Additionally, Florianus Vexil notes that Pietro IV Candiano was involved in significant political events, including conflicts with neighboring regions and internal power struggles<ref name="Vexil"></ref>.

Further contextualization can be found in G. Ricotti's "Storia dei Popoli Italiani dal 1384 al 1471". Although this text primarily covers a later period, it provides a broader understanding of the political landscape and the role of Venetian families like the Candiano in the development of Venetian governance<ref name="Ricotti">G. Ricotti, vol. iii. p. 120 foll., 205 foll.; Guicciardini, Op. Ined. iii.</ref>.

These sources collectively highlight the importance of the Candiano family in Venetian history and their contributions during a critical period in the city-state's development. 