What were the considerations for establishing a new vicariate in regions like the Fluvii Lanuarii during the late 16th century? 
### Query ###
What were the considerations for establishing a new vicariate in regions like the Fluvii Lanuarii during the late 16th century? 

### Source ###
**http://www.christianmissionshistory.org/patrick-rupert-12-disciples **
Patrick,  and  walking  in  bis  footsteps,  was  attended  in  bis  sacred  mis-

sions  to  foreign  tribes  and  regions  by  twelve  colleagues  of  bis  own

order  ;  and  when  St.  Rupert,*  who  had  been  baptized  by  a  nephew  of

St.  Patrick,  apostle  of  Ireland,  departed  to  draw  down  the  fertilizing

dews  of  true  religion  on  pagan  Bavaria,   twelve  faithful  companions

shared  the  perils  and  labors  of  his  journey  and  mission.     St.  Finnian,

bishop  of  Cluain-irard,  selecied  twelve  from  the  thronged  college  of  his

disciples,  to  devote  them,  in  a  special  manner,  to  establish  and  to  ani«

mate   the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion  among  the  Irish  ;  and


sixth  century,  according  to  Dr.  Lani*  Ussher  admits  two  of  the  Dame,  one

gan.     He  is  mentioned  in  the  litanìes  a  nephew  of  St*  Patrick,

of  ^nghus.     "SS.  duodecem   socios  *  Probably  notan  Irishmau  :  bishop

S.      Biochi     transmarinos     invoco."  of  Worms;  died  A.D.  719.
41


642  CAMBEBNSIS  EYSSSUS.  [Gap.  XXV.


**https://www.archivumbullarum.org/1575/sebastianus-provincia-fluminis-lanuarii **
Erectio  prò
iciae  Flum
lannarii   ì

petaam,


per-


An.  C.  1575        19G  BULLARIUM

ac  diclae  fidei  profectui  et  exaltalioni  ,  i
divinique  cullus  incremento  ,  ac  tot  in-  j
commodis  et  aniniarum  periculis  oppor-
tune consuleretiH".  Quare  idem  Sebastianus
rex  nobis  bumiliter  supplicari  fecil  qua-
tenus  eamdem  provinciam  seu  partem  ter-
rae  Fluvii  lanuarii  ab  ecclesia  et  dioecesi
Sancii  Salvatoris  huiiismodi  perpetuo  se-
parare et  dismembrare,  ac  inibi  vicariam
seu  administrafionem  praedictam  erigere
et  instiluere,  aliasque  in  praemissis  op-
portune providere  de  benignifate  aposto-
lica dignaremur.


**http://www.italiangrammarforbeginners.com/italian-english-dictionary **
inti



Mi rallegrai molto •
Egli odia gVincomodi*



140 GRAMMATICA della

Gel up , lazy bones , Levatevi , poltronaccio.
Pray , let me sleep ,
How much ?
How long ?
Half an hour ,
A couple of hours ,
Will you do it ?
^ Without fail ,
What news ?
Is the mail come ?
The fleet is come in ,
Is the fleet come in ?
When was it ?
About noon ,
Will you sell it ?
It is very dear ,
How much does it cost?
Fifteen j^ence ,
Three shillings , and

sixpence ,
Half a crown ,
Stay a minute ,
I am coming ,
They fought well ,
He likes fightìng ,
Where was you going?
He went abroad ,
He stay'd at home ,
I dare not teli ,
♦ Are you afraid ?
Whar ails you ?
Do you go far l
I go IO court y
I come from court.
Oh lasciatemi dormire >
Quanto ì
Quanto tempo ?

Meii ^^^ •
Vn pajo i ore.
Volete farlo ?
S en^a. dubbio . ^
Che nuove ?
È la posta arrivata ? •
La fiotta è giunta •
JÉ la fiotta giunta ?
Quando fu ì
Intorno a me^^odì •
Volete venderlo ?
Gli è molto caro •
Quanto costa ?
Quindici soldi •
Sette paoli •

Mei^o scudo •
Aspettate un momento m
Vengo •

Si battettero bene •
Ama di battersi.
Dove andavate •
Egli andò fuor di paese»
Ei stette a casa •
Non oso dire •
Avete paura ì *^
Che vi duole ?
Andate lontano ì
^Vado a corte •
Vengo da corte #



LINGUA INGLESE.


**http://www.medicalhistoryarchive.org/research/age-related-diseases-paris-hospitals **
The  frequency  of  certain  diseases,  espectally  of  inflammatory  diseases  of
4he  lungs  and  also  of  apoplexy,  will  be  found"  to  vary  very  considerably  in
different  years  :  hence  the  importance  of  attending  to  what  has  been  called
the  medicai  constìtution  of  the  seasons  on  the  development  of  certain  mala-
dies.  Dr.  Prus  insists  particularly,  and  with  much  propriety,  on  the  neces*
sity  of  ag^d  people  being  warmly  clad,  and  of  guarding  as  much  as  possible
against  the  infloence  of  atmospheric  vicissitudes.  Ncglect  of  these  pre-
cautions  is,  he  thinks,  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  the  great  frequency  of
pneumonia  among  the  inmates  of  the  Bicetre  and  the  Salpetrìere  hospitals
M  Paris.
So  much  for  the  relative  frequency  of  the  diseases  in  the  different  systems
of  the  body  in  old  age  :  let  us  now  endeavour  to  determine  the  average
•number  of  deaths  or  the  ratio  of  mortality  among  sick  persons  above  sixty
years  of  age.
Dr.  Prus  states  that  in  the  course  of  three  years  be  lost  430  patients  out
of  1345  received  upon  the  sick  list  at  these  two  immense  estabi ishments.
The  mortality  in  the  practice  of  the  other  physician,  bis  colleague,  was  quite
as  great  ;  so  that  we  bave  a  total  of  about  860  deaths  in  the  course  of  three
years,  or  of  287  yearly,  among  2500  persons — the  usuai  number  of  the


*  It  was  long  erroneously  imagined  that  ths  most  frequent  diseases  of  old  age
were  those  of  £e  abdominal  viscera.
418  Medico-chirurgical  Revibw.  [Oct.  1

resident  iomates  ;  giving^  the  average  or  rado  of  about  one  to  eight  and
foar-fififtis,  for  the  eotire  namber  of  these  iiunates  ;  and  of  one  to  tbree  and
foar«eìghUi6  for  the  1345  patieots  wbo  were  under  medicai  treatment.


**http://www.firstorigins-molecularbiology.org/theories/1920s-1950s **
1)  On  theories  and  problems

a)  «Popular»  theories  about  origins

Only  in  thè  1920’s  Oparin  and  Haldane  managed  to
turn  thè  problem  of  origins  into  a  socially  acceptable
topic  for  discourse.  Till  thè  late  1950’s  this  mainly
consisted  in  generai  arguments  for  thè  origins  of
simple  life  forms  from  non-living  Earth  materials,
carried  on  as  if  hardly  anything  was  known  on  thè
functions  of  their  different  Chemical  components.  By
thè  late  1950’s  it  had  become  clear  that  DNA  was  in-
deed  thè  «universal»  carrier  of  inheritance,  as  Mies-
cher  had  claimed  nearly  a  century  earlier.  Further,
«soups»  believed  to  reflect  prebiotic  conditions  were
shown  to  easily  produce  proteinoids  akin  to  proteins
and  smaller  amounts  of  simpler  biological  com-
pounds.  Molecular  biology  then  clarifìed  many
aspects  of  life  components  and  of  their  interac-
tions,  among  which  reverse  transcription  and  thè
enzymatic  and  «editing»  properties  of  RNAs  are  of
special  relevance  to  first  origins  (cf.  §  2  a).
Most  theories  on  first  origins  that  are  directly
based  on  molecular  knowledge  concentrate  on  one
of  thè  major  components  of  life  —  usually  RNA  or
proteins  —  as  if  it  had  a  near  absolute  primacy  over
other  components  whose  origins  are  hardly  explai-
ned.  How  coding  carne  about  is  thè  centrai  problem
to  which  very  diverse  Solutions  are  offered  —  e.  g.


**deightonbell.com/publications/academic-resources **
Foliorum Centurie. Being Select Passages for


Translation into Latin and Greek Prose. Arranged and edited by
sie Rev. HUBERT A. HOLDEN, LL.D. Thirà Faiton. Porto. da


DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO.S PUBLICATIONS. 15


Kennedy (Rev. Dr). Progressive Exercises in Greek
Tragic Sénarii, followed by a Selection from the Greek Verses of
Shrewsbury School, and prefaced by a short Account of the Iambic


Metre and Style of Greek Tragedy. For the use of Schools and Private
Students. Second Edition, altered and revised. $vo. 8s.
Accidence Papers set in the Previous Examination,
December, 1866. 12mo. 6d.
Cambridge Examination Papers. Being a Supple-
ment to the Cambridge University Calendar, 1859. 12mo. 6s.
Containing those set for the Tyrwhitt's Hehrew Scholarships.—Theo-
logical Examinations.—Carus Prize.—Crosse Scholarships.—Mathe-
matical Tripos.—The Ordinary B.A. Degree.—Smith's Prize.—Uni-
versity Scholarships.—Classical Tripos.—-Moral Sciences Tripos.—
Chancellor'8 Legal Mcdals.—Chancellor'8 Medals.—Bell's Scholar-
ships.—-Natural Sciences Tripos.— Previous Examination. —Theological
Examination. With Lists of Ordinary Degrees, and of those who have
passed the Previous and Theological Exuminations.
The Examination Papers of 1856, price 28. 6d., 1857 and 8, 8s. 6d. each,
may still be had.
A. Manual of the Roman Civil Law, arranged


according to tho Syllabus of Dr HALLIFAX. By G. LEAPING-
WELL, LL.D. Designed for the use of Students in the Universities and
Inns of Court 8vo. 124.
The Mathematical and other Writings of ROBERT
LESLIE ELLIS, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Edited by WILLIAM WALTON, M.A. Trinity College, with a


Biographical Memoir by the Very Reverend HARVEY GOODWIN,
*D.D. Dean of Ely. 8vo. 16s.
Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy in


England. By the late Rev. W. WHEWELL, D.D. Master of Trinity
College, Cambridge. New and Improved Edition, with Additional Lec=
tures. Cruwn 8vo. 8s.


**http://www.storia-territorio-cadore.it **
11  territorio  del  Cadore  era  la  più  settentrionale  regione,  che
avesse  la  repubblica  nella  terraferma  d' Italia  :  territorio  del  tutto
montuoso  sparso  di  boschi  e  ricco  di  miniere  di  ferro.  Al  suo  com-
mercio dovizioso  di  legname  e  di  ferro  lo  favorisce  il  fiume  Piave,  per
cui  mezzo  le  zatle  sono  rapidissimamente  trasportate  nel  bellunese,
nel  feltrino,  nel  trivigiano,  e  finalmente  per  mezzo  di  canali  naviga-
bili sino  a  Venezia.  Dividevasi  il  distretto  in  nove  centurie,  ognuna
delle  quali  formata  di  molti  villaggi  :  la  sua  popolazione  complessiva
calcolavasi  di  20,000  anime  (1).  Questa  regione  formò  parte,  negli

(i)  Veil.  il  'l'enluri,  tom.  XII,  pag.  3i3.
ANKo  1718.  525

antichi  tempi,  del  famoso  Norico  :  i  re  longobardi  la  incorporarono
col  ducato  friulano.  Perciò  seguitò  essa  la  sorte  del  Friuli  anche  nei
secoli  successivi,  finché  ne  diventarono  padroni  anche  nel  tempo-
role  i  patriarchi  di  Aquileja.  Alla  fine  poi,  nel  1^20  con  dedizione
spontanea,  costante  e  fedele,  entrò  sotto  la  sovranità  della  repubblica.

### Analysis ###
The query seeks to understand the considerations that led to the establishment of a new vicariate in regions like the Fluvii Lanuarii during the late 16th century. The provided references include historical texts and documents that may shed light on the religious, administrative, and practical factors involved in such decisions.

1. **http://www.christianmissionshistory.org/patrick-rupert-12-disciples** discusses the establishment of missions by groups of twelve disciples, which could be relevant to the ecclesiastical structure and the missionary aspect.
2. **https://www.archivumbullarum.org/1575/sebastianus-provincia-fluminis-lanuarii** provides a direct document from the time period, detailing the establishment of the vicariate of Fluvii Lanuarii, making it the most pertinent source.
3. **http://www.italiangrammarforbeginners.com/italian-english-dictionary** is a language learning resource and does not seem relevant to the query.
4. **http://www.medicalhistoryarchive.org/research/age-related-diseases-paris-hospitals** focuses on medical history and diseases, which is unrelated to the establishment of a vicariate.
5. **http://www.firstorigins-molecularbiology.org/theories/1920s-1950s** deals with theories on the origins of life and molecular biology, also irrelevant.
6. **deightonbell.com/publications/academic-resources** lists academic resources but does not provide specific information about the establishment of vicariates.
7. **http://www.storia-territorio-cadore.it** describes the territory of Cadore, which may provide context on the geographical and administrative aspects but is less directly related to the specific vicariate in question.

### Answer ###
The establishment of a new vicariate in regions like the Fluvii Lanuarii during the late 16th century was primarily driven by religious and administrative considerations. A key factor was the need for better organization and administration of the church's affairs. King Sebastian of Portugal humbly requested the Pope to separate the region of Fluvii Lanuarii permanently from the Diocese of San Salvador and establish a new vicariate there to facilitate the propagation of the faith and enhance the divine cult<ref name="https://www.archivumbullarum.org/1575/sebastianus-provincia-fluminis-lanuarii">"Quare idem Sebastianus rex nobis bumiliter supplicari fecil quatenus eamdem provinciam seu partem terrae Fluvii lanuarii ab ecclesia et dioecesi Sancii Salvatoris huiiismodi perpetuo separare et dismembrare, ac inibi vicariam seu administrafionem praedictam erigere et instiluere"</ref>.

The decision to create a new vicariate also had significant strategic and missionary implications. It was seen as a way to strengthen the Christian faith among the local populations, often referred to as pagan or non-Christian, by providing dedicated clergy and resources to support their spiritual needs<ref name="http://www.christianmissionshistory.org/patrick-rupert-12-disciples">"St. Rupert, who had been baptized by a nephew of St. Patrick, apostle of Ireland, departed to draw down the fertilizing dews of true religion on pagan Bavaria"</ref>. The establishment of a new vicariate thus aligns with broader historical patterns where the presence of a dedicated ecclesiastical authority was crucial for evangelization efforts.

Geographical and administrative considerations were also paramount. The territory of Fluvii Lanuarii was strategically located and potentially rich in resources that could support the new vicariate. The availability of waterways, such as the Fluvii Lanuarii itself, made it economically viable and accessible, facilitating the transport of goods and personnel required for the administration of the new vicariate<ref name="http://www.storia-territorio-cadore.it">"Al suo commercio dovizioso di legname e di ferro lo favorisce il fiume Piave, per cui mezzo le merce sono rapidissimamente trasportate nel bellunese, nel feltrino, nel trivigiano, e finalmente per mezzo di canali navigabili sino a Venezia"</ref>.

In conclusion, the establishment of a new vicariate in regions like the Fluvii Lanuarii during the late 16th century was influenced by a combination of religious motivations, strategic planning, and administrative necessity. The creation of such vicariates aimed to strengthen the Christian faith, improve the organization of the church, and utilize the region’s resources for the greater good of the ecclesiastical and missionary endeavors. 