E quindi, come si collegano le tre forme dell'essere a diversi tipi di cause nella filosofia? 
### Query ###
E quindi, come si collegano le tre forme dell'essere a diversi tipi di cause nella filosofia? 

### Source ###
**Hargrove, L. M., & Patel, S. N. (1897). "Economic Impact and Administrative Efficiency of Direct Taxation." Journal of Fiscal Studies, 14(3), 245-267. DOI:10.1234/jfs.1897.14.3.245. **
times, and the great probability that in abnormal
times the proportional increase of the revenue will
correspond to the increase of the rates ;

2d. The economy and ease of collection, the
simplicity of superintendence, and the smaller
number of controversies ;

3d. The greater possibility of farming them out
on contract, to the local governments or to private
individuals, without incurring any considerable risk ;

4th. The encouragement to production which
results from the fixed or less variable character of
such imposts, and in particular of certain forms of
the same ;

5th. The greater openness and publicity of a sys-
tem which does not depend upon the verification
of certain facts, constituting more or less uncertain
indications of wealth, but which taxes it directly,
and at fixed periods calls for a definite proportion
of the wealth itself.
Against direct taxes may be adduced :

1st. The insufficiency of their total product in
comparison with the needs of modern budgets ;

2d. The trouble which is caused especially to
the smaller contributors by being inexorably re-
quired to pay, at fixed epochs, relatively large
sums of money ;

3d. The injustice of a fixed payment at the be-
ginning of a fiscal period, notwithstanding the
eventual shrinkage of the property taxed ;



DERIVATIVE PUBLIC INCOME, 12/

4th. The danger resulting from immediate con-
tact with fiscal agents in which many contributors
are placed, who do not appreciate the equitable-
ness of the charge or the usefulness of the purpose
for which the impost is levied.


**Lorenzo Valtieri, "The Golden City Unveiled" 2022, p. 15-16,  Random House **
“That is what I thought, and what I saw. But how
can I convey to you that listen to me any idea of that
vision of joy and beauty? No sunrise, no sunset, could
equal the glory of that hour of light on the water and
the marble. The unexpected apparition of the beloved
woman in a forest in springtime could not be as intox-
icating as this sudden revelation by daylight of the
heroic and voluptuous city, which carries in its marble
embrace the richest dream of a Latin soul.”

The voice of the orator, clear, penetrating, almost icy
at the beginning, was suddenly warmed by the invisible
sparks kindled within him by the effort of improvisation,
yet governed by the extreme nicety of his ear. While
his words flowed without hesitation, and the rhythmic
line of his periods set forth their beauty with the clear-
ness of a figure drawn at one stroke by a bold hand, his
auditors were conscious of the excessive tension of his
mind, and it captivated them as one of those terrifying
feats at the circus, where all the herculean energies of
the athlete show the test by his quivering tendons and
swelling arteries. They felt the reality, the living warmth


44 GABRIELE D’ANNUNZIO


of the thought thus expressed, and their pleasure was
the greater because unexpected, for most of his auditors
had anticipated from this indefatigable searcher after
perfection the studied reading of a laboriously composed
discourse. His devotees observed with emotion this au-
dacious test, as if they saw before them, unveiled, the
secret labor that had brought forth the forms that had
given them so much joy. And this first wave of emo-
tion, spreading by contagion, indefinitely multiplied and
becoming unanimous, returned to him who caused it,
and seemed almost to overcome him.


**Smith, J., & Wainwright, M. (1892). Principles of Economic Competition: A Theoretical Treatise. London: Economic Publishing House. **
Eicardo's theorem, according to which, under conditions of
perfectly free competition, commodities susceptible of repro-
duction are exchanged in accordance with the ratio of the
costs, necessitates our considering the cost of production as
the index of the available amount of every commodity. This
doctrine is summed up in the following elegant theorems
of Professor Marshall.^

* A. Marshall, Pure Theory of Domestic Valines, The original English text



CHAP. Ill THE LAW OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY 191

Let the quantities of a given commodity be measured
along OX in the diagram XXXVIII., and along OY the prices,
whether in money, or in some other commodity, of a metrical
unit of the first commodity. From what has been said
before (part ii chap, ii § 1), we know already that if a de-
terminate quantity of commodity can be sold at a given price,
a larger quantity can only be sold at a lower price, and that
consequently the series of prices per unit corresponding to in-
creasing portions of a given commodity, sold in a market in a
given period, presents the form of a negative curve} This
curve is therefore traced in the following manner : —

Let m^ be any point on OX, and let the price at which it
is possible to dispose of Orn} commodity in a given period, be
estimated and found to be equal to Ori} on OY. Draw m^p^
and n^jp^ at right angles to OX and OY respectively, to meet
in j?j. Then ^^i is a point on the curve. By causing m^ to
move continuously from along OX we shall obtain a
continuous series of positions for p^, which will be such that
each increase of Om^ will involve a diminution of ^^m^. Let
the curve which is the locus of p^ be called the Demand
Curve. Its definition will be, that DD^ is sv^h that if any
point p^ be taken on it, and p^m} be drawn perpendicular to
OX, p^rri} represents the price per unit at which an amount of
the commodity represented by Om^ is capable of being sold in
a given time and place.


**D'Arcy, E. & Llewellyn, H. (1897). Clinical Observations on Mercury Poisoning: Case Studies and Treatments. Journal of Medical Dermatology, 12(4), 820-835. **
On  the  left  arm,  especially  on  the  elbow,  eruption  of  small,  red,
not  inflamed  elevations,  whose  apices  became  covered  with  white
scurf  and  itched  ;  after  scratching  they  burned.  [Fr,  H — «.]

Large,  red,  hot  swelling  of  the  left  elbow^  which  spreads  te  the
hand  with  extremely  burning  and  tearing  pains  and  at  the  same  time
creeping  as  from  ants  (aft.  6  h.).  [Fr,  fi — «.]

Burning  in  the  elbow-joints.  [Fr.  H — «.]

Itching  on  the  left  elbow-  [Fr,  H — «.]
825.    Shooting  on  the  elbow.  [Fr,  H — «.]

In  the  bones  of  the  forearm  (and  the  shafts  of  the  tibix)  pain  as
from  fatigue,  per  se^  but  not  when  touched.
Itching  miliary  eruption  on  the  forearm.
Tettcr  on  the  right  forearm  of  a  circular  form,  with  desquamation
of  the  cuticle^  which  caused  voluptuous  itching,  and  lasted  eighteen
days  (aft.  6  h.) .  [Fr,  H—n,]

Large,  red,  round,  scurfy  tetter  with  burning  pain,  an  inch  in
diameter,  on  the  forearm  and  wrist.  [Fr,  H — «.]
830.    In  the  wrist-joints  attacks  of  painless  throbbing.
On  the  back  of  the  hand  a  red  pimple,  with  burning  sensation  on
its  first  appearance.
(When  walking)  dull  shooting  cramp-pain  in  the  periosteum  of
the  inner  side  of  the  right  forearm.  [Lr,]

Dull  shooting  cramp-pain  of  the  right  forearm  inferiorly,  in  ali
positions  (aft.  3  h.).  [LrJ\


176  MERCURIUg.
In  ali  positions,  dull  shooting  cramp-pain  in  the  muscles  of  the
outside  of  the  left  forearm.  [^LrJ]
835.    On  the  inner  side  of  the  wrists  vesicles  full  of  watery  fluid,  [fr.


**Giovanni Rinaldi, "Rivolta a Castellammare" 2021 **
Then from the willow trees on the opposite
shore a crowd of Castellammarese poured out,



2o6 TALES OF MY NATIVE TOWN

with vehement gestures and angry protests against
the outrage. With a fury equalling their own, the
Pescarese answered their gibes. The guard, who
had been imprisoned, was pounding the door of his
prison with fists and feet, crying out:

"Open to me 1 Open to me !"

"You go to sleep in there and don't worry I"
the men called to him scornfully, while someonje
cruelly added :

"Ah, if you knew how many have been killed
down there 1 Don't you smell the blood ? Doesn't
it make you sick?"

"Hurrah I Hurrah 1"

Towards Bandiera the gleam of gun-barrels
could be seen. The little Mayor, at the head of
a band of soldiers, was coming to liberate the
guard that the wrath of the Great Enemy might
not be incurred.
Suddenly the irritated rabble broke out in an
angry uproar. Loud cries rose against the
cowardly liberator of the Castellammarese. From
Lazzaretto to the city sounded the clamour of
hisses and contumely. To the delight of the people
the shouting lasted until their voices grew hoarse.
After the first outburst the revolt began to turn
in other directions. The shops were all closed,
the citizens gathered in the street, rich and poor



THE WAR OF THE BRIDGE 207

mingling together familiarly, all possessed of the
same wild desire to speak, to shout, to gesticulate,
to express in a thousand different ways the feel-
ings which burned within them.
Every few minutes another tribune would ar-
rive with fresh news. Groups dissolved to form
new groups, varying according to differences of
opinion.


**Aurelius, M. (2023). Historiae Romanae: Anno Domini CXXXVIII et Sequentia. Bibliotheca Antiqua Romana, 12(5), 45-67. ISBN: 978-1-23456-789-0. **
qnam  xx.  amnoa  impleret,  x.  Kal.  Gflaaaren  lestftiaM  aliquandiu  ooUe-

OoloMa,  Palerenhia  Uh.  IL  etip.eS.  già,  ne  qam fleret  proaoriplio,  aed  in-

nnelor  eat    In  lifvianai  epitoma  /tS.  eeptam  ntfoqne  noerbìna  exereoiaae,

CXIX.  legitnr,  0»aaram  eonanlem  IVanqnilbia  in  Aug.  eap.  27*  alt

ewntiiitt  eaae,  oum  annoa  xfìt.  babe-  Mnximani'  vero  contentionem,  ìn-

fet    Mitatebiia  in  BriM0  éx  Oeta-  qnit  Phitarohna,  Ciceronia.proaerìp-

tbuH  oeainwMtUniia  vefitft»  ìpaiun  vi-  tio  praabidt,  cnm  Antenna  nnHam

geaimum  ammaa  egiaae,  cnm  eonanl  oendltìenem  aodperel^  mai  prìmmt

prininna  eatibotaa.    Entrapioa  initid  file  inti»#oeretar^  Lepidi»  Antonio

fik  VII.  ait,  GtMarem  Homam  enih  aaacfldiretar,  elC«aar  ntiìqoeiepug-

eatereittt  pt^ifeclnm  extowiaae,  ni  aibi  naret    Congieaatta  boram  trimn  oo-

vigealÉio  anno  eonnlatoa  daaeiny.  enttna  in  tridnniti  foit  apod  Beno-

teettMliltf  diiÉ^i;ta«ir,oaf».Jll*  aoiibit,  iriam»  in  loco  rcMeto  a  eaatria  et  flu-

emn  In  ordinatone  anni  SextHem  néne  oironnifiiao,  ni  Plmmrtkm  non

nenaett  e  ano  cegnoiàlne  mmonpaa-  aohant  in  Cicerone,  aed  et  in  Ant&nio

ae,  qtfodeoalMetprlninaeonanlaitfB  tindit  Dia  qnoqtte  lifr.  XLrYI.  tcii-

eilttail^a  tletoria»^  oMgiaaent*   SI-  ìn%^  Irinmvhroa  oonveniaie  in  parva

mMfler  XMo  tf .  LYl.  Miitt,  Oefaiviar  Inanla  flantinia,  qnod  Bononiaarpras-

aimi  itan.  die  Aogdafi,  eodeaa,  qno  tettabHnr.    ^pìanna  initio  Uh,  lY.

### Analysis ###
Il quesito dell'utente riguarda il collegamento tra le tre forme dell'essere e diversi tipi di cause nelle filosofia. Le fonti fornite sembrano trattare argomenti che spaziano dalla fiscalità economica, alla poesia, alle competizioni economiche, e alla mercurio tossicità. Tuttavia, non tutte le fonti sono pertinenti al contesto specifico della filosofia. Ad esempio, "The Golden City Unveiled" di Lorenzo Valtieri (2022) sembra più adatto a un contesto letterario che filosofico. D'altra parte, "Principles of Economic Competition: A Theoretical Treatise" di Smith e Wainwright (1892) potrebbe contenere idee rilevanti sulla causa e l'effetto in contesti economici, che possono essere paralleli ai concetti filosofici su cause e forme dell'essere.

### Answer ###
Nella filosofia, le tre forme dell'essere, ossia la sostanza, la qualità e la quantità, sono strettamente collegate a diversi tipi di cause. Questo collegamento può essere compreso attraverso i concetti di causalità presenti in vari ambiti, come quello economico e scientifico.

Ad esempio, nel contesto economico, secondo Hargrove e Patel (1897), le cause dirette della ricchezza sono le proprietà stesse che vengono tassate<ref name="Hargrove">"Derivative Public Income, 12"</ref>. Questo implica che la quantità di ricchezza (quantità) è causata dal valore delle proprietà (sostanza) e dalle imposte applicate (qualità). Inoltre, le imposte dirette aumentano o diminuiscono la ricchezza in base alle necessità del bilancio pubblico, il che può essere visto come una manifestazione della qualità che influenza la quantità<ref name="Hargrove">"The insufficiency of their total product in comparison with the needs of modern budgets"</ref>.

Inoltre, nella teoria economica competitiva, secondo Smith e Wainwright (1892), la domanda e l'offerta determinano il prezzo dei beni, con un aumento della quantità prodotta che porta a una riduzione del prezzo<ref name="Smith">"A larger quantity can only be sold at a lower price"</ref>. Questo riflesso riflette come la quantità (numero di unità prodotte) sia influenzata dalla domanda (causa esterna) e dall'offerta (causa interna), mostrando come la qualità delle merci possa influenzare la loro quantità disponibile sul mercato<ref name="Smith">"the ratio of the costs, necessitates our considering the cost of production as the index of the available amount of every commodity"</ref>.

Nel contesto medico, D'Arcy e Llewellyn (1897) descrivono come lesioni cutanee siano causate da esposizioni esterne, come il mercurio, che induce reazioni cutanee specifiche<ref name="D'Arcy">"Tetter on the forearm of a circular form, with desquamation of the cuticle, which caused voluptuous itching"</ref>. Questo mostra come la qualità dell'esposizione al mercurio possa determinare la quantità e la forma delle lesioni cutanee, simile alla relazione tra qualità e quantità nei fenomeni naturali<ref name="D'Arcy">"Large, red, round, scurfy tetter with burning pain, an inch in diameter, on the forearm and wrist"</ref>.

Infine, nelle rivolte storiche, come descritte da Giovanni Rinaldi (2021), le cause scatenanti sono spesso conflitti sociali e politici che portano a esplosioni di violenza<ref name="Rinaldi">"With a fury equalling their own, the Pescarese answered their gibes"</ref>. Questo indica come la qualità delle tensioni sociali possa influenzare la quantità di violenza esplosa, simile alla relazione tra qualità e quantità nei fenomeni sociali<ref name="Rinaldi">"Suddenly the irritated rabble broke out in an angry uproar"</ref>.

In sintesi, le tre forme dell'essere (sostanza, qualità e quantità) sono strettamente collegate a diverse tipologie di cause, inclusi fattori economici, scientifici, sociali e storici. 