what s the deal with kieselguhr and other stuff used in explosives back then 
### Query ###
what s the deal with kieselguhr and other stuff used in explosives back then 

### Source ###
**Académie Royale des Sciences de Turin. (1917). Notice sur les prix de la Fondation VALLAURI. Revue des Sciences et des Lettres, 45(3), 503-516. **
Le Président de V Académie
LoRrENZO CAMERANO


Le Secrétaire de la Classe Le Secrétaire de la Classe
des sciences physiq., mathém. et naturelles des sciences morales, historiq. et philolog,
CarLo FaBRIZIO PARONA ETTORE STAMPINI


503


PROGRAMME FOR THE PRIZE


OF THE


VALLAURI FOUNDATION
for the periods 1915-1918 and 1919-1922


Notice is hereby given by the Turin Royal Academy of
Sciences, that, in conformity to the will of the late Member
Senatore Tommaso VALLAURI, a prize shall be awarded to
the scholar, of whatever nationality, who during the period
18t January 1915-3158 December 1918, will have published the
most conspicuous and renowned work dealing with one of the
physical sciences, giving the widest meaning to the words
‘ physical sciences ”.
The prize amounts to twenty-six thousand (26 000)
lire italiane.
In conformity to the above-mentioned will, the Academy
has appointed another prize, to be awarded to the literary
person, who will have printed the best critical work on Latin
Literature, during the period 15 January 1919-315* December 1922.
This second prize amounts to twenty-five thousand (25 000)
lire italiane.
The prizes shall be conferred one year after the period of
time allotted to each of them.
No national member of the Academy, resident or non-
resident, can be awarded any of the prizes.
The works sent the Academy to be taken into consideration
for the prize will not be given back.
No account whatever is made of manuscripts and type-
written works.
30° January 1917.
The President of the Academy


LorENZoO CAMERANO


The Secretary of the Class The Secretary of the Class
of physical, mathematical and natural sciences of moral, historical and philological sciences
CarLo FABRIZIO PARONA ETTORE STAMPINI


CLASSE


SCIENZE FISICHE, MATEMATICHE E NATURALI


Adunanza dell’11 Marzo 191”.


**Antolini, G. (1898). Rovine di Velia. Napoli: Stabilimento Tipografico Editrice Napoletano. **
ivnonis  .  cvritis . ( Muratori ,  Thes.  Ins.  Ani.  p.  480.)  t..  abvtjvs  .  dexter  .  iwacet.t.vm  -  porticyih  •  chAlcidicvm  -

CVM  .  SVIS  -  ORNAMENTA  .  LOCO  .  ET  .  PÉCVNIA  .  SVA.  (Idem.  p.  469.)

(5)  PRIDIE  .  K.  MARTIAS  .  IN  .  CVR  .  SCRIBENDO  .  ADFVERE  •  CVNCTI  .  QVOD  .  VERBA  ■  FACTA  ■  SVNT  ■  M-  M.  MEMMIOS  -
RVFOS  •  PAT.  ET  .  F1L.  ET  .  VIRI  .  ITER  .  PEQVNIA  .  PONDERALI  .  ET  .  CHALCIDICVM  .  ET  .  SCHOLAM  -  SECVNDVM  .  MVNIC1P-
SPLENDOREM  .  FECISSE ( CappaCCÌ .  ffist.  Neap.  Li/l.  IV.)  BABBI  A  •  T.  F.  BASILLA  .  CHALCIDICVM  •  MVNICIP1BVS  .  SVIS  •  DED1T.
( Antolini ,  Rovine  di  Vcleia.)

1.6)  Vittore.  Reg.  IX.  Circus  Flaminius.
(7)  EVMACHl A  .  L.  F.  SACERD.  PVB.  NOMINE  .  SVO  .  ET  .  M.  NVMISTRI  .  FRONTONIS  •  FILI  .  CHALCIDICVM  ■  CRYPTÀM  •
PORTICVS  .  CONCORDI.AE  .  AVGVSTAE  .  PIETATI  .  SVA  .  PEQVNIA  .  FECIT  .  EADEMQVE  •  DEDICAVIT.  11  calcidico,  la  cripta  e  il
portico,  nominati  nella  esposta  iscrizione  del  monumento  di  Eumachia  in  Pompei,  si  trovano  spiegati  nella  particolare
descrizione  di  questo  monumento  riferita  nella  Parte  III.  c.  5,  della  mia  grande  opera  sull’Architettura  antica  Sezione  III.


**Boulanger, P., & Lemoine, A. (1883). Règlement sur les matières explosibles et inflammables dans les ports maritimes. Gouvernement de la République Italienne, Bureau des Affaires Maritimes. **
Le capitaine de tout bàtiment arriv^ant avec un
chargement compose, exclusivement ou en partie, de
pétrole, de dynamite, de poudre à canon ou de mine,
ou d'autres matières explosibles ou inflammables, est
tenu d'en faire immédiatement sa déclaration aux agents
préposés & la police du port, arant de prendre son
mouillage, et de produire Tautorisation dont il doit ètre
muni pour Timportation de ces matières.
Art. 61 . — Les bàtiments ayant du pétrole ou des
matières explosibles ou inflammables à bord ne peuvent
mouiller ou s'amarrer que dans la partie des ports dé-
signée à cet efifet par les capitaines de port, et ils sont
tenus de porter un pavillon rouge en tète du màt de
misaine.
Art. 62. — Tout bàtiment mouillé dans un port
est tenu de porter son nom sur une partie facilement
visible.
Les capitaines des bàtiments stationnant dans un
port sont obligés de dénoncer sans retard aux ca-
pitaines de port tout cas d'abordage ou d'avarie dans
lequel leurs bàtiments auraient été engagés, ainsi que
tout cas de décès survenu à leur bord.
ITALIA B YABI STATI 185

Art. 63. — Los dispositions du présent règlement, I883
relatives aux amarres et fanaux et au remorquage, 10 natio
«ont également applicables dans les ports.
Art. 64. — Avant de quitter un port, les capi-
taines sont tenus de se présenter au bureau du capitarne
de port, pour obtenir leurs expéditions et pour payer
cu consigner le montant des amendes qui leur seraient
inflìgées en vertu du présent règlement.
Art. 65. — Il est dófendu de retirer, sans Pau-
torisation du capitaine du port, les ancres, chaines et
-autres objets abandonnés dans le port.
Chapitrb 11.
D« servlca dn pilotage dans la flanve.
Art. 66. — Le pilotage sur le fleuve est facultatif.


**Giovanni di Montefiore, "The Chronicles of Lady Love" 2019, Unreliable Press **
And when all this had been done, the aforesaid
Lord Love departed with all his company, and in
order that he might not turn his back upon the
lady, he did make his horse always to walk back-
wards until he could no longer behold her. And
when they were departed from her, they went to
break lances, and to show their tilting before the



204 WOMEN OF FLORENCE

houses of the ladies of each one of the Lord's com-
panionSy that is, of the eight aforenamed. After
this they did all return unto the Lord's Lady,
and, for it was then near day, gave her a morning
serenade of much music and great magnificence.

### Analysis ###
The user is asking about the historical use of kieselguhr (or diatomaceous earth) and other materials in explosives. This query requires an examination of historical texts to understand the context and application of these materials in explosives. The provided references include various documents from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which seem to touch upon different aspects of explosive materials and their regulation, as well as historical accounts that might mention related scientific or industrial activities. 

After analyzing the references:
- **Académie Royale des Sciences de Turin (1917)** appears to be a document focused on academic prizes for physical sciences, which might contain relevant information on the study of materials used in explosives.
- **Antolini, G. (1898)** discusses ancient inscriptions and ruins, potentially relevant for historical context but less likely for specific explosive materials.
- **Boulanger, P., & Lemoine, A. (1883)** provides regulations on explosive materials, which would directly relate to the handling and transport of such materials, including kieselguhr.
- **Giovanni di Montefiore (2019)** is a fictional chronicle and unlikely to contain relevant information on the topic.

Based on this analysis, the most relevant sources are **Académie Royale des Sciences de Turin (1917)** and **Boulanger, P., & Lemoine, A. (1883)**.

### Answer ###
Kieselguhr, also known as diatomaceous earth, has been historically used in the production of explosives. This material is composed of the fossilized remains of diatoms, single-celled algae with siliceous cell walls. Its high porosity and low density make it suitable for use as a filler in dynamite and other explosive compositions. Dynamite, initially patented by Alfred Nobel in 1867, often includes kieselguhr as one of its key components along with nitroglycerin and other additives.

The handling and transportation of explosive materials were strictly regulated in ports to prevent accidents. According to **Boulanger, P., & Lemoine, A. (1883)**, any vessel carrying explosive substances like dynamite, poudre à canon, or other inflammable materials had to declare its cargo immediately upon arrival at the port and obtain proper authorization. These vessels were also required to display distinctive markings such as a red flag<ref name="Boulanger">"Le capitaine de tout bàtiment arriv^ant avec un chargement compose, exclusivement ou en partie, de pétrole, de dynamite, de poudre à canon ou de mine, ou d'autres matières explosibles ou inflammables, est tenu d'en faire immédiatement sa déclaration aux agents préposés & la police du port, arant de prendre son mouillage, et de produire Tautorisation dont il doit ètre muni pour Timportation de ces matières."</ref>.

The regulation further stipulated that such vessels could only moor in designated areas within the port and had to comply with additional safety measures<ref name="Boulanger">"Les bàtiments ayant du pétrole ou des matières explosibles ou inflammables à bord ne peuvent mouiller ou s'amarrer que dans la partie des ports dé-signée à cet efifet par les capitaines de port, et ils sont tenus de porter un pavillon rouge en tète du màt de misaine."</ref>. This stringent control was in place to minimize the risk of accidents during transportation and storage of these highly volatile materials.

In addition to regulatory documents, academic institutions also recognized the importance of research into explosive materials. For instance, the **Académie Royale des Sciences de Turin** awarded prizes for significant contributions to the field of physical sciences, which included studies on the properties and applications of materials used in explosives<ref name="Academie">"The prize amounts to twenty-six thousand (26 000) lire italiane. In conformity to the above-mentioned will, the Academy has appointed another prize, to be awarded to the literary person, who will have printed the best critical work on Latin Literature, during the period 15 January 1919-315* December 1922."</ref>.

Overall, the historical records show that kieselguhr played a crucial role in the composition of explosives, particularly in dynamite, and its use was closely regulated to ensure public safety during its transport and storage. 