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FRIDAY MAY 30th., 1919
A FUTILE CLAIM
capita I of t lie fact that this publication is endorring the candidacy of .1. L<.
Jones for tin- office of Alaska Delegate. The gangster’s *irc? reputed to bo
endeavoring to instill the notion that in some manner the Nugget’s adoveucy
ef Jones is suggestive of something ulterior. On.? of them is reported t-» have
told a laboring man that "it looks fishy to see the Nugget supporting a labor
candidate."
Just why our advocacy of Jones is "fishy” only the gang can under
stand. The Nugget is independent in its political views r.r.d is behold >n to
neither clique or faction. It stands for clean politics and is and has been,
ami will be in the future aligned against the machine ring and its high priest,
(Irigsby as long as they represent unclean politics and corrupt political prac
tices. If this is fishy in the eyes of the voters we are sorry, for the reason
that we believe that our anti-machine attitude at least has the merit of
being an effort to maintain decency in on. political affairs. If the public is
not in sympathy with it. it is to their discredit and not to ours. And it is
certain that no reasonable mind can construe it to the detriment of Mr. Jones.
HOW THE CZECHO SLOVAK REPUBLIC WAS FORMED.
(From the Czecho-Slovak Review)
Out of the ruins of the German. Austrian anil Russian empires a
number of new, democratic states have arisen. Hut so far only one has
reached the stage, while it possesses a properly functioning government, as
solid, stable and truly democratic as France, England or America. Tho new
Czecho-Slovak republic has justified all the high expectations of its friends.
In the orderly development which went on in Fragile after the revolut
ion of October 28th. took place, one lias to record first of all the opening of
the National Assembly on November 14th. Whereas in Germany the small
group of men calling themselves the German government was practically self
appointed with a very uncertain tenure of otliee. while in other parts of the
Austrian empire there exist makeshift governments which cannot claim to
represent all the people, in Prague tin* Czecho-Slovak National Committee
which assumed power on October 28th. transformed itself in an orderly man
ner into a constitutional government. There was never any doubt that tho
National Committee had behind it all classes of the people, hut a larger body
in the nature of a padliament was felt to be necessary. And since elections
would have consummed much precious time, an expedient was resorted to by
which was secured u truly representative national government. The various
political parties were called upon to nominate deputies in proportion to tho
strength shown by each party in the last general elections of 1911. Thus on
November 14th. a National Assembly met in the halls of the ancient Bohem
ian Diet, composed as follows: to the left sat 46 social democrats, 28 Czech
socialists, I representatives of the so-called centralist social democrats; the
center was composed of independents. 6 progressists, 4 Old Czechs; on tho
right sat 54 argrarians, 28 members of the Catholic party and 40 Slovaks.
The socialists claimed that their present strength entitled them to a larger
representation, but in the interest of harmony they waived their claim.
The first national parliament of the Czecho-Slovak State was opened
by Dr. Karel Kramar as chairman of the National Committee. After an
nouncing that complete harmony had been reached on all points Kramar sub
mitted for the ratification of the Assembly the proposal of the National
Committee that the independent Czecho-Slovak state should be declared a
republic and Geo. H. Alasaryk its first president. These proposals were un
animously adopted amid a storm of applause. A government of 16 members
was then constituted with Kramar as premier, and Francis Tomasek was el
ected president of the Assembly. >
The new government had to contend with a number of serious difficul
ties. Naturally the most urgent question was the food supply. An appeal
was made to the patriotism of the Czech farmers, and as a result It was
possible to increase the daily rations; while there is still much suffering among
the people on account of Insufficient nutrition, conditions are better than they!
were under tho Austrian rule, when the fertile Czech districts had to feed the'
Austrian Army and the barren lands of German Austria. The spirit of the'
people was kept up by promises that the Allies would soon send food, and es
pecially fats, to the Allied Czechoslovak Republic. In other respects the in
ternal administration was gradually overhauled and some necessary reforms
introduced. All parties, including the socialists, were agreed that changes'
must be made gradually so as not to harm the economic and political future1
of the new state. A supreme court was established in Prague of which T>1 '
August Popelka was made presiding judge. In addition an administrative]
court under the presidency of Dr. Ferdinand Pantucek was created. Prelim
inary steps were taken to open universities in Brno and Prespurk, and re
construction of the public school system in Slovakia was placed in charge of
Jaroslav Vlcek, who has been for decades the greatest expert on the Czechs
and Slovak problems. Titles of nobility were abolished and the eight hour
working day was introduced as a measure of social reform. Prompt action
\ as taken against two bolshevik agitators who came to Prague in pursuance
of Lcninc's general plan for creating anarchy on the ruins of (Sennany and
Austria. They were at once expelled and at the same time the departure of
56,000 Russian prisoners in Bohemia was expedited. A national loan of one
billion crowns was issued and oversubscribed: other steps were taken to in
troduce order into the financial administration of the republic. It may be
mentioned. here that nearly all Bohemian banks have largely increased their
capital in expectation of the great business which the Czechs hope to carry on
under the new order of things in Central and Eastern Europe.
More sensational than these internal questions were the problems or
establishing a modus vivendi with the neighboring republic of Austrians.
Germans and Magyars. In the Czech lands there is a considerable German
minority which according to the biased Austrian census constitutes almost
one-third of the population, while in Slovakia the Magyars would not release
their hold on even the purely Slovak districts. German deputies from Bohemia,
Moravia and Silesia after the successful Czech revolution established in
Liberee a National Council for German Bohemia, subordinated to the Vienna
government of German Austria. They claimed* for their own all those parts
of the Bohemian lands which had been under the artificial Austrian system
in the hands of German municipal authorities. They even claimed cities ly
ing in the very midst of purely Czech territory, such as Brno, Olomouc. Opava
and others, which, owing to an unfair franchise and the pressure of Austrian
authorities were still under German control, as Prague itself had been up to
about 50 years ago. But the German politicians found little response from
their own people. First the German minorities in Czech cities reconciled
themselves to the new stale of affairs; then one city and district after another
accepted the authority of the Prague Government, until finally Eger and
Liberee itself fell into the hands of the Czcho-slovak Government without a
struggle. The government neither employed arms, although its military
strength was overwhelming, nor did it even design to use pressure by with
drawing food supplies from the disaffected districts; its statesmanlike course
was justified by the surrender of German population of Bohemia.
It may be stated hero that the German question which had seemed so
full of complications will undoubtedly solve itself very simply. Already men
who under the Austrian regime would never thing of calling themselves
Czechs now vie with one another is promising loyalty to the new state and
using the Czech language in place of German. In cities like Hodonin, Mna
aryk’s birthplace, where the Germans artificially maintained their rule, German
J schools are empty, because most of the children attending them have been
placed by their parents in Czech schools. And even in the new Czecho-slovak
army German speaking citizens of Bohemia are volunteering in great numbers.
The difficulty with the Magyars was not settled without some bloodshed.
During the first days after the Czech revolution many of the districts and cities
of Slovakia were abandoned by Magyar officials and gendarmes, and It was
necessary for the sake of maintaining order that new officials and civilian
guards houlrl take charge in such districts. But in a few days Karolyi’.s
government thought that there was still a chance to hold on to Slovakia and
orders were sent from Budapest to drive out the new Czecho-slovak authorities
from every part of the old Hungarian kingdom. In this the Magyars were
supported on one occasion at least by Mackensen's soldiers who were passing
| through Hungary to Germany. There was a number of bloody conflicts nnd
the small Czecho-slovak guards had to retreat. In pl?c«yi recertified by
I Magyar authorities great cruelties were committed; members of the local
Slovak National Councils were murdered and captured Czecho-slovak gend
armes were hacked to pieces. The Prague government was forced to call to
arms several regiments, but as everybody was anxious to avoid a new war
Dr. Kramar in Prague and Dr. Benes in Paris resorted to diplomatic means to
settle the conflict. The result of their intervention was that the French
military mission in Budapest served notice on Count Karolyi that the Czecho
slovak government as one of the Allied governments was entitled to occupy
its own territory, even though it had been formerly a part of Hungary. A
provisional line was drawn running along the Danube to the river Ipol, along
this river to the city of Rimaszembat, thence in an easterly direction to the
river Ur.g. thence in a northeasterly direction to Mt. Uzsok on the Galacian
border. Everything north of the line thus drawn was occupied by the Czecho
slovaks. Slovakia within those limits measures about 24,000 square miles
and constitutes an integral part of the Czecho-Slovak republic. Some touch
ing stories are told of the welcome with which the long oppressed Slovaks
/reefed the day of freedom. Thus one correspondent relates In a Slovak
village a peasant speaker began the celebration of saying: “This is the day
, which the Lord has made." And all the people responded; “We will re
joice and be glad in it." Then the people shouted: “Glory be to our noble
| liberator Wilson,” and with bared heads all sang the national hymr.
I “ITej Slovaci."
The culmination of this first stage in the constitution of the Czecho
S'o :tk republic was the arrival of President Masaryk in Prague. Masaryk
reached Prague on Sunday, December 22nd. and was received by the cabinet,
tho members of the National Assembly, his former colleagues of the university
of Prague and hundreds of thousands of citizens. The scenes of this wonder
ful outpouring of national rejoicing were best described by the Prague cor
espondent of the London Times, from whose description the following may be
quoted:
The joyous acclaim with which tho golden city of Prague welcomed
Prof. Masaryk, president of Czechoslovakia, today was a perfect expression
of the triumph of the cause of civilization. Perhaps never again in one day
.and place avIII the true significance of the great war and the sanctity of the
allie s cause be so completely evident. Would that the whole allied world
might have been on the banks of the Moldau and had it impressed on its
heart and brain that one such day is worth world war.
Masaryk was conducted from the station to the parliament buildings
to hike the oath of office. In his inaugural nddress the great Czecho-Slovak
leader said: “Komensky’s historic prayer has literally been fulfilled and our
people, free and independent, advances, respected and supported by universal
sympathy, into the community, of European nations. Are we living In a
fairy tale?"
| The first president of the Czecho-Slovak republic came to Prague with
an escort of several companies of Czecho-SIovak soldiers from the French
and Italian fronts. Others had reached Prague before him on December 9th.
under the command of Col. Husak.
What was the reason of the change of opinion in the matter of the
delegate contest? Did the same favored capitalistic interests get to Grigsby’s
pocket?—ndvt.
NEWEST NOTES OF SCIENCE
a clip has been invented for holding a spoon on the edge of a cooking
utensil or medicine glass.
Italy Is enforcing a series of regulations governing the wklt of wheel
rims allowed on highways.
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