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MONDAY, MARCH 3rd. 1919
WHAT THE NEW CZECHO-SLOVAK NATION IS
Sliced out of the heart of northern Austria and Hungary by the sword
of war. the Czecho-Slovak republic, youngest recognized member of the Allied
family of nations, is in reality a merger under democratic government of the
ancient Bohemian, Moravian. Silesian and Slavic kingdoms, subjected for
almost 300 years to Teuton and Magyar domination, says a recent Associated
Press news bulletin.
The re-birth of Czech and Slav independence forms one of the most
striking romances of the war. For centuries Bohemia stood in the forefront of
European culture, giving to the world the Christian martyrs and educators,
Buss and Jerome of Prague, the poet Zollar, the linguist and teacher Comenius,
and. in the field of art, Brozik, the painter, and the musician Dornk with many
others whose deeds have found places in history. J-fkidly less advanced was
the civilization of her sister states. With such inspiration, the Czecho-Slovaks
retained, despite Austrian oppression, a national organization, and were prep
ared even before the start of the conflict now terminated by armistice to strike
the blows that have given them freedom.
They opposed the mobilization of the Austrian army, resisted induction
of their manhood, despite courtsmartial and wholesale executions, and through
out the war obstructed and undermined the Austrian administration. From
their ranks, through desertion or capture, thousands of fighting men found
their way into the Russian and Italian armies, where they turned and fought
the power that had conscripted them. By their spirit and efficiency as sold
iers they gained recognition by the Allies of Czecho-Slovak units, and before
the war ended more than 100,000 Czecho-Slovak troops, under their own com
manders, were embattled for the Allied cause in France, Italy. European
Russia and Siberia.
in Russia the Czecho-Slovaks have 80,000 men under arms, some re
cruited from the demobilized Russian army, others deserters from the Austrian
forces or former Austrian prisoners of Russia released by the Kerensky or
Bolshevik governments. Te Czecho-Slovak force in Italy, was 20,000 strong,:
c< mposed wholly of individuals or units from the Austrian army taken prison-1
cr by the Ralians. In France the organization numbered 11,000 men from
the Czech army in Russia and 5,000 volunteers from the United States.
Czecho-Slovaks are ruling their liberated countrymen from their cap
ital in Prague today because they fostered through generations the flickering
flame of freedom which Austria and Hungary attempted to snuff out in 1621.
They maintained.a succession of secret political organizations, culiminating in
that which set afoot active opposition to Austria in the early days of the war,
:ind, through propaganda conducted among emigrants in Russia, laid tne
foundation for the independent Czecho-Slovak force which held for more than
;• year the Volga front, preventing the Germans and Bolsheviki from drawing
on the food supplies of Siberia.
Of new nations formed or in process of formation through the upheaval
of war, the Czecho-Slovak was the first to win Allied recognition, and the only
one so fully recognized by America. Existing only on paper as long as the
Hapsburg dynasty remained in power, the republic became an actuality with
the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Its President, Professor
Thomas, G. Masaryk, formerly of the University of Prague, and lately station
ed in Washington, through Dr. Karl Kramarz, the Vice President, for years
a political prisoner charged with treason against Austria, and his association
in Prague, is administering the affairs of 13,000,000 people occupying 48,000
square miles of territory (approximately the size of New York State.)
Extending from Saxony, and Bavaria on the west to Ungvar and the
Carpathian Mountains on the east, a distance of 320 miles, Czecho-Slovak cuts
a swath 120 miles wide into the former Austro-Hungarian domain Its west
ern half, comprising the one time Austrian provinces of Bohemia, Moravia and
Silesia, follows the borders of Saxony and Prussia on the north and skirts Bav
aria on the south until the Austrian boundary is reached, when it swings thir
ty mile? north of Vienna to the March River The eastern half, formerly the
Hungarian Province of Slovakia, follows the Danube from Pressburg to the
River Ipola, twenty miles north of Budapest, whre it turns northeastward
to the Carpathians. From Ungvar, the eastern limit, the line follows the old
Galician border west to the Prussian line thirty miles west of Cracow. The
new state effectually cuts Hungary off from Its former province, Galicia, which
it. now claimed by Poland.
The republic boasts tho University «»f Prague, long a center of eastern
IJuiopcnn culture. With independence, its representatives in this country de
clare another university, for which large funds have already been subscribed,
will be erected at Brunn and a countrywide school system will be established.
JAPAN’S RISING DEMOCRACY
(New York World)
For the first time since the Constitution of Japan was promulgated
in 1889 by a Mikado who had overthrown the Shogun and tho military easto.
Japan now has a Ministry led'by an untitled citizen who is the head of a
especially since the beginning of the world war. The Government and the
Emperor and not to Parliament, but when a political party becomes powerful
enough to set aside long-established monarchial, political and social usage ii
m:iv be expected soon to work out far-reaching constitutional reforms.
Democracy has been making headway in Japan with gigantic strides,
especially since tho beginning of the present war. Tho Government and the
army of tho empire were organized chiefly upon German linos, but the more re
cent alliance w'ith Great Britain and the wonderfully receptive attitude of the
people toward the liberal principles of English-speaking nations have made a
modification of that system inevitable. In economic conditions also, arising
during the war, from which the great mass of the people suffer keenly, democ
racy has received new impulses.
Perhaps the most encouraging phase of this situation is-the unanimity
with which the press supports tho innovation and for tliq sake of progress
insists that the new Cabinet have every opportunity to carry out its plans.
If Japhn of its own motion should establish Parliamentary rule and Ministerial
responsibility in advance of Germany, coerced and chastened, it would bo n
significant triumph for a people long hated and belied in Berlin.
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