CUSTOMS OF WAR
»
Rules That Contending Armies |
Are Expected to Obey.
A GRIM CODE CF ETIQUETTE.
The Enemy May Be Starved to Death
or Into Yielding by Stopping His
Supplies, but His Food Must Not Be
Poisoned— Prisoners ot War,
War that is. warfare between civi
lized nations—Inis Its code of etiquette
known a> the customs ot war, some of
w hich are written, others tacitly agreed
to, and these rules and regulations con
tending armies are supposed to regard
as sacred and to obey them rigidly.
Obvious examples of lighting eti
quette are the rules which protect the
Ked Cross flag of the ambulauce and
forbid the use of explosive or, within
limits, expanding bullets.
Nominally a general may use any
means in hi< |mwer to bring his foe to
subjection, but tnere is a well defined
boundary line. A leader may cut off
bis enemy's food and water supplies.
He may subject him to all the horrors
of famine and thtr>t. but he must not
poison his food or water.
Snpt>ose n place Is besieged and that
outside the walls are wells which the
besiegers cannot effectively hold and
which the besieged can reach under
cover ot night. The besieger would be
justified in sending parties to till up the
wells with earth and stones or to de
stroy them with dynamite. On the
other hand, to pollute the wells with
poison or to throw dead auimals into
them would be an. infamy.
A “prisoner of war” has his rights
He may be asked to give his parole—
h e., to promise not to escape— but he
must not be forced to give his parole
and is not to l>e punished tor refusing
to do so. A prisoner ou parole who at
tempts to escape is liable to be shot,
either when escaping or • if retaken
alive.
An unparoled prisoner may also be
shot while in the act ot escaping, but
it recaptured it would be murder to
shoot him. and he should not be pun
ished for his attempt, though he may
be placed in more rigorous confine
ment.
A prisoner may be compelled to earn
his “keep” by working at bis trade, if
be has one. or by doing work for his
captors not of a purely military uature.
Thus be may l>e ordered to assist in
draining the camp in which be is a
prisoner, but it would not be fair to
put him to building fortifications.
The customs of war justify the em
ployment of spies, but under certain
rules. If a soldier voluntarily turns
traitor the other side is entitled to
make use of him. but it is not honor
able to tempt a soldier to betray his
own side.
If thus tempted a man may pretend
to turn traitor and deceive the enemy
with false information. On the other
hand, voluntarily to go over to the
enemy, pretending to be a traitor or
deserter, would be dishonorable con
duct—that is, if the pretended traitor
is an officer or soldier.
A spy, of course, comprehends the
hazardous nature of the mission he
undertakes and is painfully aware
of the fact that he carries his life in
bis hands, so'to speak. Courageous
aud daring though he may be, the spy
has no rights and is at all times liable
to be shot or hanged at sight. Now
adays, though, he is usually given the
benefit of a trial by court martial.
An officer or soldier, however, caught
In the District Court for the Territory of
Alaska. Third Division.
In the matter of the change o. name of Ole
H oo ie
in compliance with an order issued out of the
above-named Court on the ninth day of
August. 1913. in the above-entitled matter.
Notice is hereby given that the above-named
applicant. Ole Hoole. has applied to the said
Court for an order changing his name to Olmr
Hawley, This matter will be brought up for
hearing in the above-named £ourt at v alaez.
Alaska, on the first day of November. 1918. or
as soon thereafter as the Court will hear tne
same; and all persons on or before the saicl
date of hearing, to-wit. November 1. 1918,
shall offe r and show cause. If they have any,
why the order applied for changing She name
of applicant shall not be granted.
ANTHONY J. DIMOND.
Attorney for Applicant.
First publication. Sept. 6. 19.3.
Last publication. Oct. 19. 1913,
ij)
in me enemy scamp must not lie treat
ed as n spy, but as a prisoner of war,
provided be Is not disguised.
It a commander takes part in a
charge or persistently exposes himself
to tire he must take his chance of be
ing shot, but in big affairs it is not the
•‘game’* to detail marksmen to try to
pick off your opponent's general, though
every effort may ‘ be made to capture
him.
When a city or town is bombarded
public buildings—unless used for de
fensive purposes—should l>e spared as
far as possible. When a place is cap
tured the victorious foe* is entitled to
seize art treasures, and so on. and to
; hold them to ransom. To Injure or de
stroy them would be the act of a
vandal.
When a country invaded the in
vader can compel the inhabitants to
supply him with food and other sup
| plies and to act as guides, workmen
and drivers.
A person who. not belonging to any
recognized military torce. takes up
arms against an invader is liable to tie
stmt like a dog when captured. Re
taliation is sanctioned by the customs
ot war. It is military vengeance and
takes place when an outrage commit
ted on one side is avenged by the com
mission of a similar act on the other.
Thus an unjust execution of prison
ers by the enemy may be followed by
; the execution of an equal number of
! prisoners held by the opponents, and
this act of retaliation has been fre
quently enforced, even in recent years,
i —London Answers.
Her Mind.
Hilton—\ly wire is a matter of fact
woman. She only speaks her mind.
Chilton So does mine, hut she changes
her mind so often that it keeps her
! talking ail the time.—Chicago News.
-1_
For reliable information write Can
j non, Pioneer hotel, Knik, Alaska, t
NOTICE.
In accordance with the provision of Section
20 of Ordinance So. 14. of the Town of Seward.
Alaska, entitled “An ordinance relating to the
assessment, levy and collection of general taxes
for school and municipal purposes in t he Town
of Seward, Alaska, and for other purposes.”
and in accordance with the provisions of Chap
ter 69 of the Session Laws of the Territory of
I Alaska for 1913. in so far as applicable thereto,
i Notice is hereby given that the Common
Council of1 the Town of Seward, by virtue of the
authority in it vested by law has fixed and es
tablished the rate of tax levy for the year 1913
at the rate of six mills on each dollar of taxa
ble propertv. real and personal, within the cor
porate limits of the Town of Seward available
, for municipal taxes as equalized by the said
I Common Council sitting as a Hoard of
Equalization upon the assessment made as of
August 1. 1913.
That all taxes will be and become delinquent
on the fourth Friday of October. 1913. (October
24. 1913) at the hour of 6 o'clock p. m. of said
day. and that unless said taxes shall be paid
prior thereto five per centum of the amount
tiiereof will be added thereto.
All taxes are due and payable at the office of
i J. H. Itomig. Town Treasurer, at the Pioneer
Hospital, in said Town of Seward, between the
hours of 10 o’clock a. m. and 3 o'clock p. m. of
each business day hereafter up to and includ
ing 0 o’clock p. m. of the 24th day of October.
1913. Frank J. Cotter.
Town Clerk of the Town of Seward. Alaska.
OLD CROW
OLD HERMITAGE
OLD WINES
ONLY MINERAL CABINET
WHERE? AT
JACK’S
J. P. Stotko - Proprietor
GO TO
MRS. BITTNER’S
BOARDING HOUSE
For a Good Meal
Laubner Building. Washington Street
FURNITURE ANO HARDWARE
COAL MINER'S AND GOLD MINER’S SUPPLIES
Doors and Windows
Lang’s Ranges
I X L Parlor Heaters
Gasoline Stoves
Cook Stoves
Camp Stoves
Air Tight Heaters
Oil Stoves
Alcohol Stoves
Spark Plugs
Jump Coils
Batteries
Granite Ware
Aluminum Ware
Asbestos
P & B Paoer
Makhoid Roofing
Tar Paper
Deafening felt
Weather Strips
Gasoline Oil
Gas Engine Oil
Marine Engine Oil
Valve Oil
Elaine Oil
Floor Oil
Linseed Oil
Cup Grease
Paints
Lacqueret Paint
Asphaltum Paint
Brushes
Varnishes
Turpentine
Japan
Denatured Alcohol
Coal Tar
Lam ps
Lanterns
Tents
PHONE BLACK 4
Rifles
Shot Guns
Ammunition
Fishing Tackle
Giant Powder
Caps
Fuse
Bench Forges
Blacksmith’s Coal
I follows
Wheel Barrows
Cutlery
Fire Clay
Fire Brick
Lime
Cement
Glass
Rope
Mercury
Seine Twine
J. L. GRAEF
The Seattle Bar
Chas. A. Bensen & Co., Proprietors.
OLYMPIA DRAFT !AND BOTTLED BEER, LIQUORS, CIGARS
Elegantly Furnished and Steam Heated
-Rooms in Connection_—
THE SEWARD LIGHT AND POWER COMPANY
Incorporated November 1905 under the Laws of the Territory of Alaska
S. M. GRAFF, President and General Manager
CONTRACTORS AND DEALERS IN
flectric Supplies and Appliances
Office: At the Station. TELEPHONE MAIN 123
ALASKA
STEAMSHIP CO.
«
SAFETY SERVICE SPEED
Sailings every Six Days for Valdez, Cordova, Skagway,
Juneau, Ketckikan and Seattle
$$'Right reserved to change this schedule without notice"®?
F. B. TRACY, General Agent C. B. GUPTILL, AgeU
ALASKA ?o°^.shT
Steamers via the INSIDE PASSAGE calling at Ketchikan,
Juneau, Yakutat, Katalla, Cordova, Ellamar, Valdez,
Latouche, Seward, Cook Inlet Points and Kodiak.
S. S. Admiral Sampson
SAILINGS FROM SEATTLE
1st 15th 25th
• _ _ ———i^—mm
SAMPSON calls at KNIK ANCHORAGE every trip. Will also call
at Kodiak on sailings from Seattle as follows: August 15, September o,
October 1, November 5 and December 15.
California Connections—Alaska - Pacific Steamship Co.
Right reserved to change schedule without notice. _
B. F. WATSON, General Agent. WAYNE BLUE, Agent