PRES. ADAMS ARMED U. S. SHIPS IN
1798; WILSON ACTS ON PRECEDENT
WASHINGTON. - (By Mail.)
Armed neutrality is described by
authorities on international law as
military measures for the purpose of
defending rights of neutrals against
threatening infringements on the part
of a belligerent. It generally has
concerned more than one power, and
the most striking historical instance
of armed neutralities were those of
the Northern Kuropean powers in
17S0 and 1S00, made to defend the
principle of free ships and tree goo<ls,
adopted by treaty between the Baltic
powers and opposed by Kngland.
“If the commercial interests of se
veral nations'* says one authority,
“art' threatened by unjust or unlawful,
measures on the part of a belligerent, j
which they deem unjust or dangerous,
there can be no question of their right j
to secure their menaced interests by
such combinations as seem best cal
culated to accomplish that purpose.
When war broke out between
Frame and Great Britain neutrals be
came alarmed at the danger with
which their maritime rights were,
threatened and the empress of Russia
undertook to unite them in defense of
their neutral rights. 'This formed the
basis of treaties between Russia Den
mark, Sweden. Holland, Austria and
Portugal. They formed a league
which, under the name of armed neu
trality. undertook to preserve invio
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AT ALL ISROCERS
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Seattle. Wash.
| late the maritime rights of neutrals.
. These declarations were recognized by
the treaty of peace between Great
Britain and France and were the es
tablishod luw of nations when the
I United, in 1783, was recognized as in
dependent by the powers of the world.
The last time the United States was
in a state of armed neutrality was
during the war between France and
England, which ended with the down
fall of Napoleon.
After many acts against American
commerce bound for England, France
on January 18, 1779, decreed that
every vessel found at sea loaded with
merchandise produced in England or
her possessions could be made a prize.
Many American vessels were seized
and in June, 1793, President Adams
began to obtain from congress broad
authority to protect American com
merce and to put the United States in
a better position to make war if it be- j
came necessary .
In rapid succession laws were made
to increase the naval armament, to au
thorize a provisioanl army, to arrest
i
and expel aliens, to authorize the de-1
fense of merchant ships against
French war vessels and to enable the
president to borrow money.
On July 7. 1798, President Adams
approved an act reciting that since
treaties repeatedly had been violated
by France, just claims for reparation
refused and a system of “predatory
violence” had been pursued by the
French government, the United!
States were “of right freed and ex- j
I one rated from the stipulation of the |
treaties,” and that these compacts
should not henceforth be regarded as
legally obligatory on the government
1 or citizens of the United States.
I^ter in the same year further pro
vision was made for augmenting the
army, and (ieorge Washington accept
ed the chief command.
The attorney general held that the
acts of France and the legislation by
congress gave him the opinion that
there not only existed “an actual
maritime war between France and j
the United States, but a maritime war 1
authorized by both nations.”
The difficulty with France was not
settled for many years. Thirty years i
later France agreed to pa*' 25,000,000!
francs to satisfy American claims, al-!
though many years before that time
SEATTLE
Invite you to send to them for such items in FURNI
TURE and DRY GOODS as cannot be readily sup
plied by the merchants in your community.
All such orders received by FREDERICK
& NELSON receive the prompt, personal
attention of an expert shopper and Parcel
Post shipments are sent POSTAGE PAID
to any point in Alaska.
I
NOTE: Inquiries for information relative to the New Spring Linos
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"-•The Best Fur House On Earth
\ For Fur Shippers
■A Nothin* it more Important to the Fur Shipper
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^ J the lareoat Holme in the World dee line exclusively in
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*/ Accurate and Liberal Assortment the Hisheet Market
|U Ptlcaa and the usual *‘S»wibectM Eftciem, Speedy,Coar
Write for the latest edltioo of •WWCt.
cooumin* valuable Market information you must have.
A.B.SHUBERT.Inc
I
AUGUSTINE & KYER CANDIES
A fresh supply arrived on last boat, also • big shipment of
EL FIRMA CIGARS
Clear Havana. Special attention given mail and phone orders.
* SEWARD DRUG COMPANY
Mining Notes
Reports received by the iditarod
Pioneer indicate that Horsefly creek,
which created a good deal of local ex
citement a year or so ago, is likely
yet to secure its- place in the sun. It
is said that Neilson, who has been
prospecting there during the winter,
has received much encouragement,
and Rob Roberson, who ventured
much work in backing up his belief
that pay existed there, is on his way
there from the Tolstoi with a boiler ,
to resume prospecting work. There
are also reports of good prospects
having been opened up on a creek .in
the vicinity of Horsefly.
Ames of the (iuinan and Ames
dredge on Glacier, is advocating the
substitution on dredges of electric
power instead of steam or gas. He
urges the establishment of central
power companies in the Nome district.
Dexter Hill, in the Nome district,
shows up rather poorly compared with
the activity of last winter. Two or
three outfits are in pay and a few
, men are engaged working for wages.
Quite a bit of prospecting is going on.
On Neibuig’s fraction adjoining the
Mohawk, at Nome, Loveway, Conrad
; and partners, reached bedrock at 65
feet without results.
Ohrem, Holmberg and Erickson
have sunk two shafts on the summit
bench adjoining the Kathleen claim
near Nome, in search of the famous
paystreak for which this vicinity is
noted.
'
her depredations on the commerce of
America and American reprisals
1 ceased.
The acts of congress in 171)8 were
in the aggregate somewhat like the
bill introduced in the senate by **ena
tor Fall. The president then was
authorized to instruct and direct com
manders of the United States wfar
vessels to seize and bring into any
port of the United States any armed
vessel found hovering on the coasts of
! the United States and committing de
i rotations on American sh.p ; 1 fey
also were instructed to retake an;*
captured American ship. Another act
authorized merchant ships to be arm
ed and to take the same steps against
foreign vessels. Communication with
France was forbidden, and Fren:ii
vessels were prohibited from entering
the ports of the United tS'itcs.
— —
Andy’s Express, phone Madison 143
KORKKITCRE— NOTICE
■
| To M. IMHOFF, C. J. IMHOFF, A
M. IMHOFF, HARRY V. MILLER, H
D. THIELE, ESTATE OF H. D
THIELE, Deceased, and AUGUST
MELHORN. your respective heirs and
assigns:
You are hereby notified and will
take notice that we, the subscribers,
H. P. Salisbury and A. A. Hein, have
expended, during the year 1914. the
sum of Three thousand, forty-six dol
lars and twenty ($3,046.20) cents,
during the year 1915, the sum of
Six hundred ($600.00) dollars, during
the year 1916, the sum of Two thou
; sand, five hundred and sixteen dollars
j and seventy (2,516.70) cents in labor
and improvements upon each of the
following described mining claims, to
wit: OPHIR QUARTZ MINING
! CLAIM, COLUMBIA QUARTZ MIN
j ING CLAIM, BESSY PLACER MIN
ING CLAIM. MILL SITE and WA
TER SITE OR LOCATION, all of
which said claims are situated and lie
in the Moose Pass Mining District,
Kenai Recording District, Third Ju
dicial Division, Territory of Alaska,
The notices of location thereof are of
record in the office of the United
States Commissioner and District Re
corder for Kenai Recording Precinct
and District, at the Town of Sew’ard,
Territtory of Alaska, to which office
reference is hereby made for a more
particular description of said mining
properties. Said expenditures were
made for the purpose of holding pos
sessory’ rights and title to said min
ing claims under the provisions of
section twenty- three hundred and
twenty-four of the Revised Statutes
of the United States and the amend
ments thereto, section one hundred
and thiry-six of the Compiled Laws of
Alaska, 1913, and the Session Law’s of
the Territory of Alaska, providing for
the annual labor upon mining claims.
If you fail and refuse or fail or re
* fuse w’ithin ninety (90) days from the
1 personal service of this notice, if per
• sonal service be had, or within ninety
(90) days after the publication of this
notice, to contribute your proportion
of such expenditure as a co-owner,
your respectice interest in and to said
mining claims, and each and every
one of them, will become the property
of the subscribers, who are your co
owmers, and who have made the ex
penditures and improvements as
above-mentioned on said mining
claims, and each and every one of
them, pursuant to the provisions of
the said statute, Compiled Laws and
Sessions Laws.
A. A. HEIN
H. P. SALISBURY.
First publication, March 21, 1917.
Last publication, May 23, 1917.
Ladies’ and gents’ clothes cleaned
and pressed and repaired; next to Al
aska S. S. office. tf
TORFEITU RE—NOTICE
To A. F. SPRAGUE, YOUR HEIRS
AND ASSIGNS.
Your are hereby notified and will
take notice that I, the subscriber, J.
C. Giipatrhjk, have expended during
the year A.' D., 11)16, the sum of One
hundred ($100.00) dollars in labor and
improvements upon each of the fol
lowing described mining claims, to
wit: “MEAT IN THE POT,”
“CLARA,” “OLYMPIA," “SUMMIT,”
“LISRON” and “HATTY,” all of
which said claims are situated and lie
in the Moose Pass Mining District,
Kenai Recording District, Third Judi
cial Division, Territory of Alaska. The
notices of location thereof are of
record in Rook One of Locations, at
pages 132 and 133, and Rook 6 of Lo
cations at pages 45, 46 and 84 in the
office of the United States Commis
sioner and District Recorder for Ke
nai Recording District and Precinct,
at the Town of Seward, Territory of
Alaska, to which book and pages ref
erence is hereby made for a more par
ticular description of said claim. Said,
expenditures were made for the pur
pose of holding possessory rights and
title to said mining claims under the
provisions of section twenty-three
hundred and twenty-four of the Re
vised Statutes of the United States
and the amendments thereto and the
Session Laws of the Territory of Al-j
aska, providing for the annual labor
upon mining claims, said amounts be
ing the sums required in each instance
to hold said mining claims during the
period ending the thirty-first day of
December, iyit>.
If you fail and refuse or fail or re
fuse within ninety (90) days from the
personal service of this notice, if per-1
sonal service be had, or within ninety
(90) days after the publication of this
notice, to contribute your proportion
of such expenditure as a co-owner,
your proportion being in the total the
sum of Two hundred and eight dol
lars and thirty-two ($208.32) cents,
made up of the following amounts to
wit: ‘MEAT IN THE POT,” $50.00,
“CIAKA”, $25.00, “OLYMPIA,”
$33.33, “SUMMIT,” $33.33, “LIS
BON,” $33.33, and “HATTIE,”
$33.33, your respective interests in
and to said mining claims, and each
and every one of them, will become
the property of the subscriber, who is
your co-owner, and who has made the
expenditures and improvements as
above mentioned on said mining
claims, and each and every one of
them, pursuant to the provisions of
the said statute and the said Session
I aws
J. C. GILPATRICK.
First publication, Feb. 2, 1917.
Last publication, April 27, 1917.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT FOR
THE TERRITORY OF ALASKA,
THIRD JUDICIAL DIVISION.
The town of Seward, Alaska, Plaintiff
VS.
George Turner, O. G. Labaree and
Alexander H. Bradford, Defendants.
Cause No. S-104
Summons by publication.
IN THE NAME OF THE PRESI
DENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
To the defendants in the above en
titled cause, Geore Turner, 0. G. Lab
aree and Alexander Bradford,
GREETING:
You, and each of you, are hereby
summoned and required to appear in
the District Court for the Territory of
Alaska, Third Judicial Division, with
in thirty days after the completion of
the period of publication of this sum
mons, to-wit: within thirty days after
the fourth day of May A. D. 1017, and
answer the complaint of the above
named plaintiff, which has been fiUni
in the above entitled court, by whrh
plaintiff seeks an order and judgment
of the court for the condemnation of
Lots numbered One (1), Two (2),
Three (3), Four (4), Five (5), Six
(6), and Seven (7), in Block Six (6),
in the Town of Seward, in Kenai Re- j
cording District, Third Judicial Divi
sion of the Territory of Alaska, as
shown by and according to the map
and plat of the Frank L. Ballaine
Townsitc of the Town of Seward, Al-j
aska, and appropriate said Lots to a
public use, as a public park with
street and drive-way therein, for the
town of Seward, and to continue Rail
road Avenue from its intersection
fith the south end of the Alley in said
Block Six, in a northeasterly direction
to intersect with Adams Street in said
Town of Seward at the East end of
said Street; *-v
That unless you so appear and an-1
swer the complaint of plaintiff, with
in the time aoove stated and show
cause why such order should not bej
made, plaintiff will take judgment,
against you, and apply to the court
for an order of the court, condemning
the above named lots to be appropri
ated by the plaintiff for the uses and
^scs above stated, and for a.
;r order of the court, ap
pointing three appraisers, as is
provide! by law, to appraise,
the said lots, and each of them,
and to assess the benefits and dam
ages, to each of you and report to tne
court their findings, and that upon the
payment of the amount or amounts
round to be due each of you by said?
appraisers, into the above entitled^
court to be paid to you and each of1
you as therein provided that an order
be made by the court directing you
and each or you to execute to plaintiff
a deed conveying any and all interest
you and each of you or any one of you
may have in any one or more or all of
said lots, as the case may be, and will
apply to the court for such other and
further order or orders in the prem
ises as to the court may seem meet
and proper.
Witness the Honorable FRED M.
BROWN, Judge of the above entitled
court, this, the 26th day of February,!
A. D. 1917.
ARTHUR LANG,
Clerk. !
By ROBERT L. WEVER,
Deputv.
Date of first publication, March 5,
1917.
(SEAL.) __
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SAILINGS FROM SEATTLE:
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Admiral Watson, March 19.
Admiral Evans, March 2G.
SAILINGS FROM SEWARD:
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Admiral Watson, March
Admiral Evans, April 5.
Admiral Evans sailing March zt>, goes 10 ivouiaK.
First Sailing for Anchorage: Admiral Watson, April . th.
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?or full information on sailings from Seattle to >an I ran cisco, ad
dress Wayne Blue, Agent, Seward, Alaska.
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