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naiiv Edition, and The Alaska Weekly Post _ —
===== =r=r-r-—_ — ,-^rzr-. -, KN ( KNTS PER COP*
SEWARD, ALXSkA. MONDAY, JUNE, 2, 1919. _ __-_
VOLUME Mil. M MBER 23. ___i-----—
AMERICAN ARTILLERY
WAS SMASHING ON i
TO VICTORY
WASHINGTON. June 2— Behimt
the armies in Franco which smashed
a road to victory through the German
defenses last Fall, the I'nited State
was foiging . before the armistice un
signed. weapons gigantic and power
ful. counted upon to make ultima*
victory certain. In the American ar
tillery program alone, the full fruit
ion of which could not have been
reached before 11)20. there was in
creation an agency believed by atmv
men here to be of itself able to bring
the victory.
An official and detailed account -»f
that program is contained in the chap
ter.-- i-'i.de public today ot “America -
Munitions.” the historical report pre
pared i nder the direction ot Assistant
Seer‘‘ary Crowell, v • was director
of munitions during the war.
The whole story of guns, from the
.27 mm “infantry cannon” with Ts
inch and one-half bore, designed fo *
use in the front lines of combat, to the
18 inch mortar on a railway mount
which was to work havoc on the en
emy from points miles behind the
fighting front, the story of the extra
ordinary efforts of American indust
ry to equip an army with artillery on
a scale never before attempted is gva
phically pictured. Through it all runs
the same spirit of partnership in the
war enterprise between industry and
the government that made possible
such an undertaking.
The chapters devoted to puns a*e so
extensive a* to make un a .'onsidei ab1 •
volume in themselves. They contain
the statistical records of achievement
of all the firms that worked on puns
or ammunition and this official com
mentary will have a place in the re
cords of those firms in the years to
ccme.
/ mong the may interesting thirr*
in the repo t is the account now offic
ially given of the reasons that im
pelled the War Department to ca<t
a-id° except for training purposes all
of the 3-inch field artillery with whi<*
the American army was equipped
when the United States entered the
war. and to substitute for these wean
ons three types of puns fitted to take
ammunition of the 75mm type em
ployed by the French lipht pieces.
There has been much controversy
because of the all god failure to adopt
at the outset of the war the French
75. famous tor its performance in th '
war, as the standard American piece
of this type. The report shows that
the gun was adopted for combat pur
poses but that its production in quan
tity in the United States proved to h*'
even more of a problem than the gov
ernment’s experts had anticipated. For
that reason the American 3-inch pun.
redesigned for 75 ammunition, and t*ie
British 3.3 -inch field pun. similarl"
rechambered were both put into pro
duction in order to make use of ever'*
facility for manufacture. The Ameri
can and British type were intended
primarily for traininp work and were
so employed. But the wisdom of put
ting these guns into production on a
quantity scale is emphasized in the
following paragraph:
“In the year and one-hall oi our
experience the manufacturing produc
tion problems were all practically and
completely solved with one exception
that of building French hydropneu
matic recuperators for the 75mm
guns. This, perhaps the hardest manu
facturing job in the whole range of
war industrial enterprises and natur
ally the la<t one to come through, han
not been solved when the armistice
was signed. However, it is only fair
to state that the solution of this re
cuperator problem was imminent on
November 11, 1918.”
The recuperator is the recoil devic?
which makes these French guns what
they are. Their construction was •»
French iccret and to build them there
s required a degree of precision com
parable only, the report states, to that
accessary in building as delicate an
nstrument as a sextant. It was with
difficulty that any American manu
'actu er was persuaded to undertake
it, yet on April 25, 1010, 67 of these
recuperators had been completed and
52 of these passed by French expeits
and accepted by the government. The\
were the first of these passed by Fren
ch experts and accepted by the gov
ernment. They were the first of these
devices built out of France or by othei
than the skilled French workmen.
Con. truction of the guns themselves
and their carriages went forward
swiftly. Under the agreements the
French and British were to supply the
first American armies with all of theii
field artillery and intermediate bat
teries with the exception of the power
ful American 4.7 rifle and howitz°
which was taken over by the troop.
and which proved highly effective
against German field guns. The Am
erican Kxpeditionary Force received
from the French before the armistic
was signed 1 828 75mm guns and 772
155mm howitzers. They had also re
ceived from the French 216 155mm
rifles and from the British 122 8-inch
howitzers with 40 9.2-inch howitzer
completed and ready for delivery. Ad j
ditional contracts were made with thi
Biitish for 202 howitzers of 6-inch cal
ibre for delivery by April, 1919.
Ti PH the:.* own factories with for- »
pinps for puns, both French and Brit* »
sh wore drawinp heavily on American
ind ;stry when the United States en
tered the war. These orders were not
int rfered with, but on the contrary
eve stimulated and expanded in or
der that the United States mipht fur
nish forpinps in trade for complete)
puns and at the same time create n
•body new source ol supply for th»
Vilk of its own artillery propram. Tin
M\>! t hows that between April. 1017
nd the conclusion of hostilities there
e supp ied to the Allies loipinp
for 1,102 pur.s of calibres ranpinp
' >m 2-inch to t).5-inch; additional pu»
uh' ferpinps to the extent of 14,625
and .-hell forpinps totallinp 5,018.451
The»e were only four pun makers
In the United States when the country
entered the contest but hv October
utN, there were 10 factories enpaped
,n this work. Durinp that month, with
three of the 10 factories still lacking
their complete equipment, there wen
produced 2 021 pun forpinps of cali
b:Ts up to 0.5-inch or at a rate of 21,
00(i puns a year as compared to thi
capacity for 55 finished weapons .i
year in the Sprinp of 1017.
The actual production ol compieieo
fr;m< up to December, 1018, was 4,030
including 1.813 of 74mm calibre; 230
of the 3-inch anti-aircraft type; 218
of the 4.7 - inch type; 1,456 of the 155
mm rifles; 101 8-inch howitzers and 2
of the monster French 240mm howit
zers which would have supplanted trc
mailer British guns of this type in
10!9. Over the same period the numb
er of gun forgings produced totalled
8,440.
Tho report points out that the gun
program in reality depended upon tho
ab’lity to produce tho recall mechan
isms. This picture of what such me
chanisms are called upon to do is
d’awn:
“Kot long ago a touring car, weigh
ing two tons, traveled at a rate of 120
miles an hour along a Florida beach.
Conceive of such a car going 2227
miles an hour, which is much faster
than any man ever traveled; then <on
reive of a mechanism which would
«ton this car, going nearly six mile a
minute, stop it in 45 inches of space
and half a second of time, without tho
slightest injury to the automobile.
That is precisely the equivalent of the
feat performed by a recuperator by a
240 mm howitzer after a shot.,,
Summarizing the production of
puns by the United States its compat*
ed with France and Great Britain the
report says that between April, 101n,
and November , 1018, the United Stat
es produced 2,008 complete artillery
units as apainst 11,0;»8 by France and
8,085 by Great Britain and durinp
tho'C IP months turned out 4 •2 75 pun
bodies as apainst 10,402 by France and
11,852 by Great Britain.
“Aral our artillery capacity,” it
adds “was then, in the autumn of 1018.
only petinp under way.”
Bip puns are dealt with seperately.
A survey of the country immediately
after the war declaration located 181
weapons ranging from 7-inch to 14
jnch calibre which could he spared
from coast defenses or by the Navy
♦o he placed on railway mounts lor
he in F'ranee. There was also avaii
ib!o one giant 18-inch howitzer built
by the army before 1P17. From the
seacoast defenses wore taken 08 8
nch; 120 10-inch 40 12-inch rifles and
• 50 12-inch mortars , while the Nav\
supplied 12 7-inch rifles and ‘21 Fl
inch. and 8 high power 12-inch rifles
building for the Chilean government
were eomnmndered. Practically all of
these were intended for the railway
mounts of various types and tho groat
Majority of them together with new
runs of these sizes would have reached
France in time for the campaigns *f
1010 and 1020 had the war continued.
In all there weio in process pro
jects to support the American a run
vith 200 of these tremendous guns, all
>f which wore well advanced when the
’igluing ended. In addition to the Na
y’s contribution of 14-inch titles on
ail way mounts, three army 8-inch tin
ts went overseas. Uy the end of 1018,
>4 units had been completed and the
runs and mounts fully demonstrated.
\n interesting feature of the mount
vas that it had trucks which permit i‘.
o opeiate over either standard rail*
oads or the narrow gauge lines at th
front.
Railway mounts for 26 10-inch rifl
es from the coast defenses also were
n,d»*re<i in cooperation with the French
machine work and assembly to be
lone in France. They were to hi* deliv
ered at (icneral Pershing’s request bv
March. 1010.
One of the projects embarked upon
as tho mounting of 140 of the 12-inch
mortal’s for use in tho 1010 campaign.
This proved to be the largest job of
ho wholo artillery program and re
quired the construction by the govern
ment of a wholly new plant which w?>
ompleted on June 1. 1018. The first
mount was finished in August ol that
•ear and passed all tests, and when
he armistice was signed the castings.
Yngings and structural parts for "•
Mounts were on hand. In April of thu
•ear 45 complete units had been de
ivored and the whole 01 guns could
ave been mounted by June.
The department ordered 16 mount
or 14-inch rifles, deliveiies to begin
m February. 1010. These were in addi
ion to the five guns of this size man
•0(1 in France hv the Navy. The arm
tier served to cancel the contract.
The 16-inch howitzer, largest of the
h dp gun family, was successfully
Mounted upon a railway carriage and
'allowing its passage of severe tests,
General Pershing called for 12 of
hose weapons as soon as they could
he produced. Orders were placed for
31 additional guns of this size, but
none bad been turned out by the time
"he armistice was signed and the work
if mounting them was never under
taken.
The chapters of the report given
>ut today deal also with artillery am
Munition, with the powder production
»nd with the plans that were beyond
‘he experimental stage for mounting
heavy guns on caterpiller tractors,
which was an American development
•>f the war. It promises now to revo
hitionize the handling of artillery for
the entire world. While numerous ex
uerimentnl types were produced and
successfully tried out, however, this
Motorization had not reached the point
of production before the armistice
ended hostilities.
•%_
MAKES WORLD’S RECORD
PARIS, June 2— Adjunt Casale, a
French aviator, beat all fonnrr
world’s records by reaching an alt:
tude of 31 000 feet, in a demonstra
tion near Paris yesterday.
MEMORIAL DAY
SERMON
Memorial Day services were held ir
the Methodist church last evening al
though it is usually customary to hoh.
memorial service tin* Sunday pieced
ing Memorial Day it was postpone*
here this year to the Sunday follow
ing owing to the fact that Rev. Cook^
had been absent from Seward several *
weeks and only returned the latter
part of the month of May. As fitting
words upon which the speaker could
bas»» his remarks, Rev. Cook chose a
part of the 14th verst; of the 12th
I chapter of Kxodus: “And this day
shall be unto you for a memorial.”
Rev. Cbok called attention to the
fact that obsemng memorial days :s
a common'custom with many nations.
The Hebrews were commanded to cel
ebrate the day of their deliverence
from bondage in Kgypt, and on down
through the centuries other nations
and peoples have observed special
days in commemoration of some im
portant event.
“ Memorial Day is now generallv
Decoration Day and in most states pi'
the Union this day, May “Oth, is •mad'1
a legal holiday,” said the speaker.
“Formerly in every town, city and
hamlet the day was obseired by
speeches made for the purpose of
quickening the patriotism of the pho
nic and inspiring love of country in
the minds and hearts of the youth. Af •
♦or the speeches were delivered the
people went to the cemeteries and ;
placed flowers on the graves of the !
soldiers and sailors who had given f
their lives for their country.
“This Memorial Day has a wide*
significance than any preceding Mem
orial Day, for the reason that within
*he past year thousands of our sol
ders and sailors have fallen in d'
rense of liberty and justice and hoe*- i
buried in France and Belgium wher*
the poppies bloom, and there on this
day our friends in those countries have
honored our dead as well as those of
their own by placing flowers upot.
their graves.
“There is everv reason why the oh
• i
servanco of this day should no4 ho nl
’owed to lasne but that increased at
tent ion should he given to the obser
vance of it in such a manner as t<
quicken the patriotism of the youth
nd ke«'n it alive in the hearts of the
adults, for tho great work of gaining
♦he rewards fo** which so many lives
were sacrificed is yet to he done in
•econstruction after the war is ended
and peace established.*’
\LAMEDA IN AND SOUTH
Steamer Alameda arrived in nort
’ om Knik-Anchorape at 1 o’clock this
norn'np hrinpinp in C. W. Stewart
\. F. Stewart. James A. Girdwoort,
Ben Richardson and seven steerape. j
The Alameda had 62 first class pas- i
reapers aboard f»*om Anchorape fo; |
the states and seven steerape. Severn? j
>thor passenpers are for Valdez to ,
attend the court session there which j
bepan today.
The Alameda went to the San Juan
lock at J» o’clock and took out the
first halibut of the season, the capa
•ity of the cold storape on the steam
er.
Amonp the pasenpers leavinp Sew
ard on the Alameda were the follow
inp: for Seattle— Mrs. A. W. Lipke.
Georpe !\ Reilly, Kd Block, A .
Stewart, John Bryock. Mrs. S. M.
Graff and P . A. Larson. For Valdez-;
Dr. Sloan, L. V. Ray, S. K. Smith. Lt.
Stoddard and W. R. Shpllhorn. for
Cordova— A. J. McConnell.
WORRIED ABOUT HUSBAND
. • i
Mrs. A. W. Lipke left for Seattle
today on the steamer Alameda to lo
cate her husband. Mr. Lipke left Sew
ard <luring the latter part of April for
Seattle on a wireless deal. It is known
• that Mr. Lipke should have arrived in
l Seattle in May .°>rd but Mrs. Lipke rc
* reived no word from him neither was
(she able to locate him through the
! Seattle police. At the time Mr. Lipke
left Seward he had a large sum of
money, nearly all in gold. Mrs. Lipke
feaws that some misfortune has over
taken him.
--
OUSTED
By Associated Press
CHICAGO, June 2— Ten member
of the National Executive ( ommitt**
of Socialist Party, at a meeting her*
today, suspended 2500 members of th
extreme right wing who 'a ere pi,inn
ing to start a nation wide movomon
to demand Eugene Dob’s release Iron
prison where he is serving ten yea1
for violation of the espionage laws.
__ vw -■ ■ —
By Associated Press
WASHINGTON, June 2— Fred
erick K M'pel, Third Assi-tant Sec re
tary of War, handed in his resignatio*
today . effective July 1st. Mr. Kcppc'
resigned to become director genet i>
of Foreign Affairs of the American ,
Red Cross.
PR \NK HI RLEY DIES ON
THE OPERATING T \P.LE
Authentic information has be* n re
ceived in Seward that Frank Hurley
well known here, died recently upon
the operating table at Salt Lake City,
following injuries revived in an an',
accident. Mrs. Hurley, the mother, who
left Seward last fall , was with her
son at the time *>f the unsuccessful
operation.
NO F!.r AT AKCTAN
1
(jpnrpfo Sexton, secretary of the lo
cal Chapter of the Red Cross, ha? wir
'd to various places to the westward
w hero the Spanish flu is prevailing
and* asking if the local chapter can I *T *
of any assistance, also to what extent
the flu is raftinpr. One wireless was re
ceived today from Akutan, signed by
Ruck, stating that there was no flu ,
there.
_
STEAMER NEWS
Steamer Admiral Watson should
have sailed westward from Juneau
yesterday forenoon.
Steamer Northwestern should have
been in Juneau sometime late yester
day.
'1 he wireless end cable had not had
any definite news however when the j
Gateway went to press.
Steamer Alaska is advertised to
sail ::om Seattle tomorrow.
_•••_
BAXTER IN THE NORTH
President R. W. Baxter, of the
Alaska Steamship Company and the
Copper River and Northwestern Rail
way, is now in the north on his annu
al trip of inspection. Mr. Baxter came
north on the Alameda and stopped off;
at Cordova. It is thought likely that
Mr. Baxter will come to Seward on a
business trip aboard the Northwest
ern.
--
FAIR BANKSAN MUST SERVE
TIME FOR PERJURY
The San Francisco circuit court of
appeals has affirmed the finding and
sentence of Judge Bunnell in the case
of Cl. A. Vedin of Fairbanks.
Vedin was charged with filing false
affidavits of assessment work. He was
tried on three senerate counts and
was found guilty on all three, sentence
of one year and one day being impos
ed on each count; the full term of
three years and three days to be serv
ed at McNeils island.
Fairbanks advices state that Vedin
will not be sent to the penitentary for
some little time to come.
i* VsionaUd Pro.8
WASHINGTON, Juno 2 General
Felipe Angeles has been proclaimed
provisional president of the republic
of Mexico In followers of the hand t
cadet* Goner; \ a. < 1 \
takes the office of secretary ol war n
the Angeles cabinet, according to o -
'icia! advices received tod,ay by tie
late department. It is believed that
he situation in Mexico Is more ser
ous than at any time since President
’a. ranza assumed the reins of power,
ieneral Angeles was formerly r< ga d
»d by the United States as the b t
tossihie selection for the Mexican
>residency. It i reported that he has
leclaicd that Americans and Arm i
•an interests in Moxwo will he p
ecte I, if his government stands.
VILLISTAS MOBILIZING
AUG A PF.TUA, Mexico June 2
rt is reported that the \ *a a*'
noho'izing at Tonichi, we t <>* f1, *
huahua stateline. It i said tP;i*
foreigners are leaving that soct’or
fearing violence. It is reported that
argo hand of General Diaz fo'o ” <
ire marching to join Villa.
VILLA COMPLAINS
EL PASO. June 2— C.< nm*al Vi’’:,
is reported to have sard: “P Was1 w
‘on lots the Carranzltas cross T xn
'nto Juarez. I will he unab’e to l 1
ny men.** ViPa stated that P**e
Wilson treated him as a frierd w1”
lie was in power, hut when *■' )*vr>
"anio, he let the enemy violate •’
neutrality laws ami send soldiers t"
ittempt his destruction.
_ A_
PRESIDENT LOXNED
FUNDS TO (7EHTO
WASHINGTON .Tune 2 G *
March, chief - of staff. toV t''o ’
•pmmittee on m:1ifavv r ’ V
England’s bill for transno t t
mi’lion American tronrs r o
Atlantic ocean amounted ♦" ^'
'00. He alco thated fh*M r* K'm'
Vilsen had loaned thA ne*’* Ozcclw
Slovak state ?5,000.000 f*om his srte •
:al fund. Marrh though
amount loaned would he r< ?r* t
\ debt due this nation. Thi is He ‘
‘ime members of the co^gr0'
'hat money had lwcn advanced
O.echo-Slovaks.
♦ —
REBELLION IN
IRELAND 11" "
LONDON. June 2— Sow of ’
London newspapers a’e h nt' ,
impending new rebellion n 1
with imminent drastic action 1
British government. The revoV
in the Emerald isle is b ir.g ag t-‘
by the ,c|nn Feiners.
--
LONE ROBBER LOOTS BANK
BAKER , Oregon June 2— A ma k
ed robber entered the Bank ot IL'ine .
in a small town near Baker, Oregon
locked the cashier in the vault, ar-1
escaped with $3 500 in cash.
-.»
VOLUNTEERS REACH
ARCHANGEL
ARCHANGEL June 2—The A me
ican transport Des Moines has arriv
ed at Archangel, bringing British vo’
unteer relief units. The first, unit
American troops will return on th-'
Des Moines.
__—
CABLE INTERRUPTED
The Cableship Burnside c"t the rn
hie between Seward and Vat^^T tf-’ *
forenoon outside of Resurect’on bn”
and the Gateway had only recti'-on *•
limited amount of the regular tele
graphic service at the time of going L>
press,
-*