Universal Military Training
and the Law
The following communication was
received on the last mail from Htnry
A. Wise Wood, chairman of the con
ference committee on national pre
paredness, of New Nork:
Editor Seward Gateway.—Dear Sir:
The federal government was form-1
ed by the thirteen colonies expressly
for the purpose of enabling them to
make a common defense. It became
a defensive union. I’nder the con- j
stitution the federal government not
only guaranteed each state against
invasion, but it lorbade each to main
tain “troops or ships ol war,* except
with the consent of the federal gov
ernment.
Thus, the states surrendered into
the hands of the federal government
the function of their defense, ami ip
return the federal government guar
anteed to each state security from in
vasion or insurrection.
To make good its guarantee of se |
j
eurity, congress, in 1702, enacted that
all able-bodied male citizens, between
the ages of IS and •*», should con-,
stitute the military forces of the na-;
tion. and it made each liable to mili-j
tary service within the confines of the
United States, fhis still is the law,;
as perusal of section *’>7 of the act ot!
June o, 101b. will show.
In order that universal liability to j
service should be made elective, con- (
gross, under the law of 1705, re-en- j
acted in 1008, and widened in 1016 to;
include vhe national guard and its re-1
sen e, gave to the president the pow- j
er to call for sendee the entire male
citizenry of military ago and fitness in
the event of invasion or insurrection.*
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This power the president mey exercise
without further act of congress.
Thus, the federal government was
created for the military purpose of
defending the states, its president
was made commander-in-chief of the
army and navy, its first president was
a military man, and its citizens of
pioper age and fitness were bound
each 4o fight in the common defense.
It will therefore be seen that at mot
we are essentially a military nation,
in the democratic sense of the phrase,
and that we are subject, today as
ever, to compulsory military service
within our own territory, upon call of
the commander-in-chief.
This is a sufficient answer to those
who claim that, in our making the
necessary modern preparations for
defense, we are departing from non
military traditions, to become a mili
taristic people.
While the act of 175)2 made every
man of military age and fitness liable
i
to federal military service, it dele-!
gated to the several states the mili-j
tary organization of these men; and
it granted to the states the power to
make exemptions.
The history of New York, which is
in this respect substantially that of
all the states, illustrates how badly
the states fulfilled the military duties
laid upon them by the federal govern
ment. In New York there was at first
an annual enrollment. In lf>4f> the
legislature granted exemption from j
military duty to everyone upon pay
ment of a fee of 75 cents a year,
enrollments were then made to oc
cur bi-annually, next, to occur at;
every fifth year, and, finally, enroll-1
ments were to be had only upon call
of the governor. No governor. I be
lieve. ever has called an enrollment.
Meanwhile, the non-service tax was
reduced to T>0 cents, and shortly after
it was abandoned. Thus died the fed
eral militia, which had been created
for the national defense.
During the disintegration of the
federal militia a volunteer force
sprang up, as a protest against the
military laxity of the authorities.
This force was accepted and subsi
dized by the states, and became what
is known as the national guard. Hav
ing no standing under the fedora! law
th»» guard was a hotly wholly local in
Stamps for sale at The Key.
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; character, and was not recognized bv
i the federal government until early in
I the present century.
The constitution, while forbidding
the states to maintain troops or ships
of war (without the consent of con
j gress) had bound the federal govern
I ment to defend the states from inva
! sion, and the federal government, in
1 1792, has provided the national force
already described to carry out this
purpose. Hut this force, as we have
seen, the states have permitted to die;
and in its stead each had created for
| its protection a little* army of its
| own, called a national guard, and in
so doing had taken over from the fed
eral government its own defense, to
be maintained at its own cost, and had
assumed also the duty of defending
the federal government. Thus had
the federal government and the states
exchanged places, in their military re
lationship.
The consequences of this surrender!
of millitary power by the nation arc
now seen to be exceedingly hazardous
to the national welfare, to be nearly
insupportable by the states, on ac
count of the heavy financial burdens
involved, and to bo inequitable to
those who compose these little state
armies. There is therefore substan
tial agreement among all who have
studied the subject that there must be
brought about the immediate adoption
of a broad and equitable military
system which shall be wholly nation
al in character.
As the foundation of such a system
already exists in the federal law, as
has been shown above, it remains
only for the nation to build upon that
foundation a modern democratic mili
tary structure, and to remove such
legislative restrictions as prevent
the compulsion of every man of mili-:
tary age and fitness to serve beyond
the borders of the United States—in
Mexico, for instance, if need should
there arise—as he must now serve
within his own territory.
Universal liability to military ser
vice being fixed in the law, the ques
tion now arises, shall we not train our
young men in such a manner that
they will be the more able to perform
effectively the patriotic duty which
the law has bound upon them, with
the maximum of comfort and safety
i for themselves ?
The education of a youth to become j
a literate and useful citizen already is!
compulsory. Modern conditions of
life demand that he shall be made also
highly efficient in physique, morals
and discipline. And the security of
the nation requires that he shall be
taught to perform, with ease and pre
cision, on land or sea, the military
service the law and national security
demand of him.
Experience and intelligent observa
tion have shown that this training
should be given not later than when
the youth closes his common school
career, and that it should be treated
as a finishing course in physical de
velopment, character building, the
military sciences, and patriotism. .
Thus, universal military or naval
training should be treated merely as
ah extension of a youth’s customary
course of studties, and its should be
given him at the expense of the fed
| oral government to whom he owes al
legiance. With his clothing, keep,
and instruction furnished him gratis,
1 his parents will be relieved of his cost
of maintenance during his training,'
probably for the first time in his life.
When a youth so trained steps from
his training camp or ship, he should
be a strong straight, healthy, alert,
j and disciplined man, well fitted to en
ter life. To such a start every
American boy is entitled. And, what
is more important if we are to retain
our liberties, the American youth will
thus have become an efficient soldier
or sailor.
In order to meet the requirements
I of our situation, therefore, two
\
j changes must be made in our military
i system. The law must extend ihe li
j ability of our citizens for military
service so that their service shall not
i be limited by our borders, and it must
j inaugurate military training for all
j
: young men. ,
In conclusion, I cannot refrain
| from quoting the war-wise words of
that beloved soldier of the Revolution
ary period, Light Horse Harry Lee:
Cake Won’t
Fall
When you
make it with
Crescent Baking
Powder
t
Hut it will come
out “light as a
feather” even un
der adverse
conditions.
25c. II). can
At all grocers.
CRESCENT MFC. CO.
Seattle, Wash.
“A government is the murderer ot .‘Is
citizens which sends them to the held
uninformed and untaught—where
they are to meet men of the same age
and strength, mechanized by educa
tion ;md discipline for battle.”
Sincerely,
HENRY A. WISE WOOD, Chairman.
LISTEN
ACREAGE—If you are looking fr«r
acreage that is ideally located for a
suburban home.
ACREAGE—That is particularly suit
ed for truck gardening.
ACREAGE—That is bound to in
crease in value in the near future.
ACREAGE—Fronting on the Gov. R.
R. and Lake Ivenai Boulevard.
ACREAGE—That is most desirable
for re-subdividing—See me. Will be
glad to show you the land, or fur
nish particulars on request. J. A.
Stewart, Phone Red 147.
Mail your letters at The Key.
Oyster cocktails at the Branch.
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trains. Phone Maine 122.
Remodeling of ladies’ and gents’
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We carry Symphony Lawn Station
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FOR F EITU R E—NOTICE
To A. F. SPRAGUE, YOUR HEIRS
AND ASSIGNS.
Your are hereby notified and will
take notice that I, the subscriber, J.
C. Gilpatrick, have expended during
the year A. D., 1916, the sum of One
hundred ($100.00) dollars in labor and
improvements upon each of the fol
lowing described mining claims, to-'
wit: “MEAT IN THE POT,"
‘CLARA,’’ “OLYMPIA," “SUMMIT,"
“LISBON" and “HATTY," all of
which said claims are situated and lie
in the Moose Pass Mining District,
Kenai Recording District, Third Judi
cial Division, Territory of Alaska. The
notices of location thereof are of
record in Book One of Locations, at ■
pages 132 and 133, and Book 5 of Lo-j
cations at pages 45, 46 and 84 in the
office of the United States Commis
sioner and District Recorder for Ke
nai Recording District and Precinct,
at the Town of Seward, Territory of
Alaska, to which book and pages ref
erence is hereby made for a more par
ticular description of said claim. Said
expenditures were made for the pur- \
pose of holding possessory rights and
title to said mining claims under the
provisions of section twenty-three
hundred and twenty-four of the Re
vised Statutes of the United States
and the amendments thereto and the j
Session Laws of the Territory of Al
aska, providing for the annual labor
upon mining claims, said amounts be
ing the sums required in each instance
to hold said mining claims during the
period ending the thirty-first day of
December, 1916.
If you fail and refuse or fail or re
fuse within ninety (90) days from the
personal service of this notice, if per
sonal service be had, or within ninety
(90) days after the publication of this
notice, to contribute your proportion
of such expenditure as a co-owner,
your proportion being in the total the
sum of Two hundred and eight dol- j
lars and thirty-two ($208.32) cents,
made up of the following amounts to- j
wit: ‘MEAT IN THE POT,” $50.00,
“CLARA”, $25.00, “OLYMPIA,”
$33.33, “SUMMIT,” $33.33, “LIS
BON,” $33.33, and “HATTIE,”
$33.33, your respective interests in
and to said mining claims, and each
and every one of them, will become
the property of the subscriber, who is
your co-owner, and who has made the
expenditures and improvements as
above mentioned on said mining
claims, and each and every one of
them, pursuant to the provisions of
the said statute and the said Session
Laws.
J. C. GILPATRICK.
First publication, Feb. 2, 1917.
Last publication. April 27, 1917.
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REAL ESTATE AGENTS
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