IDITAROD PIONEER
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tat 6 Ceo. M. Arhuck'.e. Puhllshor No. 20
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responsibility for altering copy, especially in the ease of forlelture and other legal
notices, it is, therefore, imperative that such notices be clearly written, particu
larly as regards names and dates.
THE LUSITANIA DISASTER
When in the spring of 1012 the steamship Titanic was sunk m mid
ocean, with appalling loss of life, a feeling of horror thrilled the entire
world at the disregard of human life displayed by the owners of the
vessel in racing her through ice-infested waters m the mad scramble
to attain pre-eminence in speed in the transatlantic traffic, and also at
the insufficiency of life-saving apparatus provided. That disaster,
however, was the result of unforeseen circumstances. Who can con
ceive the horror that pervades the entire world over the deliberately
planned and executed destruction of the Lusitania, with a loss of life
approximating that of the greatest maritime disaster of all time? The;
news of that event possibly created more consternation than would
have been occasioned by the news of a disastrous military engagement
in which thousands of lives had been sacrificed It remains to oe seen
what effect this deliberate warfare upon non-combatants is to have
upon the nations involved, and it is not unlikely that it will result in
further complications in the difficult position in which the United States
finds iself. The action of the administration will be awaited with the
greatest anxiety.
The sinking of the Lusitania will be justified by Germany upon the
ground? that the vessel was violating the blockade order of the German
government, which had declared the waters adjacent to the British
isles a war zone. Without entering upon a discussion of the question
of whether passenger vessels, of whatever flag, should be sunk with
out warning as an act of warfare, it may be stated that neither the
United States nor any other nation has taken seriously the so-called
“blockade.” A blockade in order to be recognized by neutral nations
must be “effectively maintained.” Not even Germany will assert that
a blockade has been maintained in the waters named. The sinking of
a small percentage of the vessels engaged m traffic to and from the
British isles does not constitute a blockade. As further extenuation it
is claimed by the German government that the vessel was armed and
that attempts have been made by merchant vessels to ram submarines.
It is not at all unlikely that the Lusitania carried weapons to resist the
attack of submarines. It would seem like folly to despatch such a
vessel without the means of making some kind of resistance. It is
not probable, however, that she was seeking battle with any possible
antagonist.
It will also be contended that the Americans citizens on board the Lu
sitania had ample warning that the vessel was to be destroyed, and
that they went to Europe at their own risk, despite the warning of the
German ambassador issued a few days prior to the sailing of the vessel.
This may with equal truth be said of all sailings from New' York since
the blockade commenced. Yet there have been many uninterrupted
voyages since February 18. And a blockade which relies upon threats
will not be recognized as “effective.” Probably the most difficult
thing to understand in regard to the horror is the failure of the British
navy to afford the promised protection. That a vessel of the Lusitania
type can be destroyed at the very threshold of Great Britain, in spite
of the vaunted efficiency of the British navy, is a fact that undoubtedly
will have great weight in determining responsibility for the disaster.
The destruction of the lives of American citizens on the high seas
under these circumstances suggests the danger of a rupture between
the United States and Germany, the relations between whom have been
somewhat strained for some time past. The American statement that
“it would be difficult for the government of the United Slates to view
the destruction of an American vessel or the lives of American citizens
on the high seas in any other light than as an indefensible violation of
neutral rights which it would be hard indeed to reconcile with the
friendly relations happily subsisting between the tw'o governments”
may be taken to means that the danger of actual hostilities between the
two nations is not a remote one, especially in view of the recent Gulf
light incident. The statements of men of national prominence con
tained in the news dispatches give warning of how seriously the situ
ation is viewed outside official circles.
RELATIONS BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND GERMANY
In view of the destruction of American lives and property on the high
seas involved in the torpedoing and sinking of the Lusitania, on board
of which were so many citizens of the United States, and the tanker
Gulflight, it will be of interest at this time to print the note of the United
States government to the imperial German government in reply to the
proclamation of the latter designating the waters surrounding the Brit
ish isles as a war zone. The note is dated February 10, 1915, and is
as follows:
The government of the United States, having had its attention directed to the proc
lamation of the German admiralty, issued on the 4th of February, that the waters sur
rounding Great Britain and Ireland, including the whole of the English channel, are to
be considered as comprised within the seat of war; that all enemy merchant vessels found
in those waters after the 18th inst. will be destroyed, although it may not alwrays be pos
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sible to save crews and passengers, and that neutral vessels expose themselves to danger
within this zone of war because, in view- of the misuse of neutral Hags, said to have been
ordered by the British government on the 31st of January, and of the contingencies of
maritime warfare, it may not be possible always to exempt neutral vessels from attacks
intended to strike enemy ships, feels it to be its duty to call the attention of the imperial
German government, with sincere respect and the most friendly sentiments, but very can
didly and earnestly, to the very serious possibilities of the course of action apparently
contemplated under that proclamation.
The government of the United States views those possibilities with such grave con
cern that it feels it to be its privilege, and indeed its duty in the cireuinstances, to re
quest the imperial German government to consider before action is taken the critical situ
ation in respect of the relation between this country and Germany which might arise were
the German naval forces, in carrying out the policy foreshadowed in the admiralty’s proc
lamation. to destroy any merchant vessel of the United States or cause the death of
American citizens.
It is of course not necessary to remind the German government that the sole right of
a belligerent in dealing with neutral vessels on the high seas is limited to visit and search,
unless a blockade is proclaimed, and effectively maintained, which the government does
not understand to be proposed in this case.
To declare or exercise a right to attack and destroy any vessel entering a proscribed
area of the high seas without first certainly determining its belligerent nationality and
the contraband character of its cargo would be an act so unprecedented in naval warfare
that this government is reluctant to believe that the imperial government of Germany
in this case contemplates it as possible.
The suspicion that enemy ships are using neutral flags improperly can create no just
presumption that all ships traversing a proscribed area are subject, to the same suspicion.
It is to determine exactly such questions that this government understands the right of
visit and search to have been recognized.
This government has carefully noted the explanatory statement issued by the im
perial German government, at the same time with the proclamation of the German ad
miralty. and takes this occasion to remind the imperial German government very re
spectfully that the government of the United States is open to none of the criticisms for
unneutral action to which the German government believes the governments of certain
other neutral nations have laid themselves open; that the government of the United
States has not consented to or acquiesced in any measures which may have been taken
by the other belligerent nations in the present war which operate to restrain neutral trade,
but has. on the contrary, taken in all such matters a position which warrants it in holding
those governments responsible in the proper way for any untoward effects on American
shipping which the accepted principles of international law do not justify; and that it
therefore regards itself as free in the present instance to take with a clear conscience and
upon accepted principles the position indicated in this note.
If the commanders of German vessels of war should act upon the presumption that the
flag of the United States was not being used in good faith, and should destroy on the high
seas an American vessel or the lives of American citizens, it would be difficult for the gov
ernment of the United States to view the act in any other light than os an indefensible
violation of neutral rights, which it. would be very hard indeed to reconcile with the
friendly relations now happily subsisting between the two governments.
If such a deplorable situation should arise, the imperial German government can read
ily appreciate that the government of the United States would be constrained to hold
the imperial Gorman government to a strict accountability for such acts of their naval
authorities, and to take any steps it might be necessary to take to safeguard Amercian
lives and property and to secure to American citizens the full enjoyment of their ac
knowledged rights on the high seas.
The government of the United States, in view of these considerations, which it urges
with the greatest respect, and with the sincere purpose of making sure that no misun
derstanding may arise, and no circumstances occur that might even cloud the intercourse
of the two governments, expresses the confident hope and expectation that the imperial
German government can and will give assurance that American citizens and their vessels
will not be molested by the naval forces of Germany otherwise than by visit and search,
though their vessels may be traversing the sea area delimited in the proclamation of the
German admiralty.
The note has, of course, been variously commented upon by Ameri
can publications, and it is generally conceded that the position of the
United States on any international question has never been more for
cibly presented. The language is so clear that it leaves no loophole for
misinterpretation. In view of the stand taken by the government of
the United States, taken in conjunction with the events of the past two
weeks, it can readily be understood that President Wilson confronts
“the greatest problem of his career,” as stated in the dispatches.
In connection with the Lusitania disaster, it is interesting to note
how closely the comment of noted men in the political world adheres
to preconceived estimates of their various characters. Champ Clark,
the sagacious politician, coming from a district v/hich contains an enor
mous German population, counsels silence on the matter, on the theory
of “Least said, soonest mended.” Silence is the weapon of the cor
nered politician. It never yet solved or suggested a solution lor a
problem. Roosevelt, intense American though he is, yet blatant and
ever yearning for the full glare of the limelight, rushes impetuously tc
the front with warlike suggestions. Lucky indeed is the country that
it has a steadier hand at the helm of the ship of state in this crisis than
■hat of Roosevelt. In the sage remarks of ex-President Taft there is
reflected the calm and calculating demeanor of true statesmanship
With patriotic faith m the government and people in the crisis confront
ing it, he counsels calmness and patience, and not overlooking the pos
sibility of war, with the spirit of the founders of the nation declares that
there are many worse evils than war. Taft was a failure as a poli
tician, but his fellow-countrymen will award him his place in history as
a patriotic statesman.
The announcement by Commissioner Gerraghty that he is authorized
to expend $500 on the roads of Otter precinct during the present sea
son will bring joy to the heart of the teamsters and freighters. Think
of the fine thoroughfares that this munificent sum will furnish to a dis
trict now practically devoid of roads! In all seriousness, however,
the sum apportioned to this section of Alaska out of the road fund
probably is commensurate with the effort made by our citizens to pro
cure it. Hundreds of thousands of dollars will continue to be spent in
the populous districts of the territory because the people there demand
it. In the Iditarod district, where there is the utmost need of good
roads, there is no commercial body or other organization of citizens and
business men to bring the condition of the roads to the attention of the
authorities. As a result they may possibly imagine we have all the
roads we want or need.
The Cleveland Leader says that the average boy in Mexico looks into
the future and sees two pictures. He sees in one direction the oppor
tunity offered to a vast majority of youths in our neighbor republic—
that of becoming a laborer or bearer of burdens at an approximate
wrage of 16 cents a day! On the other hand is the chance of becom
ing an insurrecto with a good horse, rifle, revolver and plenty of am
munition coming from some mysterious source, of which he knows
nothing and cares less. A devil-may-care sort of existence, to be sure,
but one which he is taught to believe elevates him from the peon class
d makes of him a cavalier. Small wonder that so many of them
choose the latter career.
General Joffre, commander-in-chief of the French army, is quoted
as saying that the German commanders “stick to the book” so strictly
that it is easy for anyone who has reaV) the German military manuals
to anticipate in advance every movement and every plan. With such
an advantage the French leader should have been able to have shown
greater results than have been apparent so far.
Speaking of possible conscription in Great Britain, the American
Review of Reviews says: “Contrary to the general assumption that
volunteering has not been as good as it was in the North” (in the civil
war in the United States) “before the draft was put in force, the Spec
tator declares that it has been much better.”
BELGIANS WERE TRICKED
A statement was made the other day by
a returning Philadelphian from England
that the Krupps had purposely deceived the
Belgian government in the sale of ordnance
which proved defective and altogether in
ferior funs to those used by Germany. Rus
sia would have been dealt with in the same
way but for the fact that the Russian gov
ernment during the past few years manu
factured her own heavy guns on rights
bought from the German firm.—Ex.
A full line of Rubber Goods at Boas', Flat
and Idltarbd.
Job Printing at Pioneer office.
EAST PRUSSIA’S CHARACTER
EMBODIED IN INHABITANTS
East Prussia is one of the sternest re
gions of civilized Europe. From the shores
of the Baltic southward there is a great
sweep of even sands, flat and dreary, much
of it uncheered even by the relieving green
of the forest. Finally the sand wastes end
and the lake country, covering the southern
half of the province, begins.
East Prussia lies beyond the beaten path
of the army of tourists who heretofore an
nually have invaded Germany. A few ir
regulars, among them conscientious students
of things German, American buyers of such
ware as amber, and some who went to rest,
filtered through to the curt hospitality of
the Prussian plain. If they remained long
enough to catch somewhat of its spirit, they
learned to love its sternness. For nature is
coldly frugal in East Prussia, producing
bounteous grain and potato yields from her
dun-colored sandy soils only in repayment
of intense, unremitting labor; and she seems
jealous of even the meager variety of her
pine and fir forests, few and always the
same in the north, save where, at rare in
tervals. they are brightened up by the glis
tening bark of the silver birch.
Amid such uncompromising surroundings
it is but natural that firm-jawed men and
women, earnest, laborious, unbending, and,
above all, believers in duty, should be
found. And, as a rule, the people of East
Prussia, peasant and junker (gentleman
farmer), are as unyielding and simple as
the land in which they live.
Somewhere around this area, certain
scholars hold, the Indo-Germanic race be
ean its conquest of the world, and its task
of accumulating an Indian and a western
culture. No fitter country could be imag
ined for the disciplining of a people to
sacrifice, effort and determination.
Koemgsberg is the capital 01 this prov
ince. It is the central market for the grains,
potatoes and commercial alcohol produced
in East Prussia, and, to an increasing ex
tent, it has served as a commission mar
ket for the produce of neighboring Rus
sian governments. This city is most widely
known through the university, and most of
that institution’s fame centers around a
brilliant teacher of about a centry ago, Im
manuel Kant, author of profound criticisms
of reason and conscience.
The tireless energy of the German peasant
freeholder and the scientific effort of the
great estate owners have brought it about
that the bleak steppes of northeasternmost
Germany produce rich harvests of grain and
potatoes. It is mostly the hardier grains
thrt are raised there—rye and oats. The
peteto yield cf the province is largely
worked for alcohol, for use in the arts and
for domestic use, such as cooking, lighting
and heating; and for power engines. Po
tato distilleries are numerous throughout
the country adjacent to Koenigsberg and
along the sea.
East Prussia borders on West Russia.
Over its whole extent throughout the Rus
sian Baltic provinces Slav and Teuton have
mingled pretty thoroughly. The East Prus
sian has in his veins considerable Slavic
blood; while the Baltic Russian, on the
other hand, possesses a strong strain of Teu
tonic blood. Slavic names are heard on
every hand in East Prussia, both folk
names and place-names- all place-names
ending in “itz” and “ow” being of Slavic
origin. About 20 per cent of East Prussia’s
2.000,000 people speak a Slavic tongue.
disappointed war hero
ENDS TROUBLES IN DEATH
A London dispatch says that Major Gen
era! Robert Kekewich. who defended Kim
berley during the South African war, had
just been called on to acecpt a high com
mand in France and was found dead of a
bullet wound at his home in Devonshire re
cently. A coroner's jury brought in a ver
dict of suicide.
Among the persons shut up with Keke
wich at the time cf its defense against the
Boers was Cecil Rhodes, and of the quar
rels between the two the most remarkable
stories have been told.
Rhodes, reckoning on his wealth and
power, was determined to dictate to the
military commander, then only a colonel.
Kekewich, however, refused to look on him
other than as an ordinary citizen, and to
tally disregarded his wishes.
Matters finally reached a point where, to
prevent Rhodes from inciting a mutiny, the
colonel placed the former under arrest, sta
tinned sentries over his residence, and even
threatened to hang him unless he kept quiet.
Imperious as he was, the great financier
was finally completely cowed.
When the city was relieved, however, he
intimated that lie would be revenged. Keke
wich had made so magnificent a defense that
the government could not avoid promoting
him to a major general’s rank, but Rhodes'
influence w'as so great that he was barred
from further advancement, and retired with
out receiving one of the knighthoods which
were so lavishly distributed at the time.
Lord Kitchener called on him for his serv
ices, and he undoubtedly believed the time
had at last come for him to win further
long-delayed distinction, and was driven to
despair when he found that the opportunity
having come, he was unable to avail him
self of it.
LORD KITCHENER
It was at a reception to Mr. Roosevelt
that I met Lord Kitchener. No stranger
contrast of personality could be perceived
than that furnished by these two famous
men—the one shaking hands with every
body, at home with everybody; the other
stiff, silent, formidable. He came into the
room like the Day of Judgment, searching,
implacable. His face wore the burnished
livery of the Indian sun, his eyes beneath
the straight, heavy eyebrows roved with
cold, slow scrutiny over the crowd of fash
ionable people who ceased their chatter and
made way for him. One eager lady
stepped forward. “Oh, may I have the
honor of shaking hands with Lord Kitch
ener?” He looked down upon her from
bis great height in stony silence, shook
hands, and passed on. A distinguished nov
elist barred the way. “May I have the
pleasure? I am So and So,” mentioning a
name as familiar as Lord Kitchener’s own.
The soldier looked at him as though he
had never heard of such a person, took the
offered hand and again passed on.—“Pillars
of Society,” by A. G. Gardner.
HE DIDN’T KNOW
An insurance agent was filling out an ap
plication blank.
“Have you ever had appendicitis?” he
asked.
“Well," answered the applicant, “I was
operated on, but I have never felt quite
sure whether it was appendicitis or profes
sional curiosity."—Eagle Magazine.
ON POST MORTEM PRAISE
I've noticed when a fellow dies, no matter
what he's been- —
A saintly chap er one whose life was darkly
steeped in sin—
His friends forget the bitter words they
spoke hut yesterday,
And now they find a multitude of pretty
things to say.
I fancy when I go to rest someone will
bring to light
Some kindly words or goodly act long buried
out of sight;
But, if it’s all the same to you, just give
instead
The bouquets when I’m living and the
knocking when I’m dead.
Don't save your kisses to imprint upon my
marble brew,
-While countless maledictions are hurled
upon me now;
Just say one kindly word to me while I
mourn here alone,
And don’t save all your eulogy to carve
upon a stone!
What do I care if when I’m dead the Bloom
ingdale Gaiette
•Gives me a write-up with a cut in mourn
ing borders set?
It will not flatter me a hit, no matter what
is said,
So kindly throw your bouquets now and
knock me when I’m dead.
It may be fine, when one is dead, to have
the folks lalk so,
To have the flowers come in loads from
relatives, you know;
It may be nice to have these things for
those you leave behind,
But just as far as I'm concerned, I really
do not mind.
I'm quite alive and well today, and while I
linger here.
Lend me a helping hand at times give me
a word of cheer;
Jmt change the game a little bit. just kindly
swap the decks,
For I will be no judge of flowers when I've
passed in my checks.
—New York Sun.
AMERICA’S BOARDERS
In her first book Mery Antin moved us
all with the report .die gave of that thrill,
compounded of gratitude. of released ambi
tion felt by the alien who lands on these
shores. It was a moving, but especially a
(1 attiring, tribute alike to u« and to the
newcomer who strays to us. But Miss An
tin’s second book was ditfrroit. in that
she voiced the arrogance of the alien who
• Ireedv feels that he owns the country.
With all our hospitality to the alien who
comes here, it must be owned that he has a
tendency to enter the boarding house, fire
the proprietor and try to run the plant hini
elf. When the Lawrence strike occurred,
a goed many of us were alarmed at this
liew symptom in our life. It seemed as if
our alien visitors were a trifie too exacting.
They were kicking at the fare before they
had established themselves as critics.
Well, their kick was symptomatic. It
was symptomatic of the splendid energies
and ambitions they brought with them
here. It was symptomatic of the new and
spirited element they were bringing to min
gle with our national life. Their business
seemed to be to make sure that the democ
racy of our forefathers, threatened by much
wealth, remained os democratic as our fore
fathers dreamed it should remain.
But this war, what about that? Will
there be so many Lawrence and Paterson
strikes as there used to be? It may be that
we are not vet the ideal democracy we hope
to be. But' take us as we are, are we not
nearer to democracy than the countries who
are now slaughtering their best workers on
■,he futile firing line? At home in the land
of their birth our aliens might now be
shooting each other full of silly holes. Here
they are at peace and at work. The board
ing house is not so bad after all. The
kickers are apt to be more contented with
the fare than they were a little while back.
■ -Philadelphia Ledger.
THIS CROWDED PLANET
Europe’s forty years I peace was a pe
riod of unprecedented increase in popula
tion. The death rate was lowered every
where on the continent and the cities ceased
to act as ‘destroyers of men." In the four
decades from 1872 to 1912 European Russia
gained 90 per cent in population, Germany
62 per cent, England 59 per cent, Austria
Hungary 40 per cent. France's increase was
less than 10 per cent. These are some of
the interesting figures lately presented by
| 0. P. Austin in the Geographic Magazine.
Much of Europe’s recent growth Mr. Aus
tin attributes to the progress of preventive
medicine. Russia's reduction of its annual
death rate from 37 to 30 per thousand rep
resents in a population of 140,000,000 the
saving of 987,000 lives each year. Eng
land’s death rate was lowered from 24 in
1870 to 14 in 1910, which represents 500,000
fewer deaths annually. Before the war
broke out Germany’s improved methods of
living were saving that empire approxi
mately 640,000 lives a year, compared with
its death rate fifty years ago.
Ratios of increase for the future, if they
should grow as they have grown in the
immediate past, would show astonishing fig
ures. If the people should multiply in the
next century as they did in the last there
would be 3,480,000,000 individuals on earth
in 2014. Europe alone would have 600,
000,000 inhabitants by the middle of this
century. However, the destruction by war
now going on is throwing tables of popula
tion out of gear.
THE NATURAL ONE
Teacher—Put an adjective before the
word abyss in the sentence.
Pupil—The sleepy abyss—
Teacher—Stop! Why do you say sleepy ?
Pupil—Because an abyss is always yawn
ing.—Baltimore American.
Location Notices at Pioneer office.
ProfeseHona 1
Michigan, 1881 Alaska, tslO
Kentucky, 18'Jt
Georgi: Woodruff Albrecht
COUNSELOR AND LAWYER
IDITAROD, ALASKA
The Pioneer Attorney of Iditarod
£'. M. STANTON,
Attorney at Law
Office: Comer Willow and Second Sts.
Iditarod Pioneer Building
CIIAS. E. TAYLOR,
Attorney at Law
bank block
First A.enue Iditarod
DR. MOORE,
Gold ot., Opposite Postoffice, Flat City
Eye-GI. s; Fitting Telephone
DFt. H. E. AURINGER,
Ph) iician and Surgeon
OfD i: Gold St. riat City, Alaska
Consul a'ion Hours in Forenoons ar.d t.y
Appointment
DR. H. BEHLA,
DENTIST
Will arrive from Chicago on one of the
first. * oats this spring and will be at hm
office in Flat City for about two months.
Best of Everything
ALL THE TIME AT THE
Arcade Cafe
FLAT CITY
Open Day end Night
MRS. N. P. GILMORE
F RNACE HEAT
REASONABLE RATES
Second and Willow Streets
V arm Horse and Dog Barns
OPEN FOR BUSINESS
Iditarod Dog Ranch
Rates $5.00 Per Month
W. L. LEONARD & CO.
OPEN DAY AND NIGHT
DISCOVERY
CAFE
-LAT CITY HOHBACK & DURAND
Set. the Grand and Bagoy's Bars
:he best all the time
WE ARE HERE TO STAY
PIONEER CREEK AGENCIES
—
FLAT CITY.Mrs. C. C. Chittick
U'SCOVERY OTTER. ... Harry Donnelley
ror General Express and Deliver*
of Wood in the City
Leave Orders at Iditarod Hotel
DAN HARTNET
TIT FOR TAT
A French medical weekly records a way
> ' discouraging over-enterprising tradesmen,
ne of these sent a Strasburg doctor a box
i cigars, which had not been ordered, to
other with a bill for fifteen marks. The
accompanying letier stated that “I have ven
; ired to send these on my own initiative, be
1 lg convinced that you will appreciate their
evquisite flavor.” In due course, the doc
tor replied: “You have not asked me for
i consultation, but I venture to send you
hree prescriptions, being convinced that
■ u will be quite as satisfied with them as
am with your cigars. As my charge for
i prescription is five marks, this makes us
quits.”—London Chronicle.
ACCIDENT ON OTTER CREEK
Early last Sunday morning Julius
•chlaprik, an employe of the Riley & Mar
,ton dredge, on Otter creek, met with a
-crious accident. A piece of steel became
idged in his eye, and for a while defied
ml efforts to dislodge it. It was finally re
moved with the aid of powerful magnets,
and the sufferer is reported to be getting
along nicely.
THE BEST OF EVERYTHING ALL THE TIME
u Cafe
firstave™ open day and night Ro8;rospOUTAR
___————w