EL PASO, Tex,. Oct. 28.—Ad
vices received here from Mexico
City state that after a stormy ses
sion the peace convention has
voted to depose Genera! Carranza
a: provisional president.
Carranza Wants Villa to Retire
Ml .YU'O CITY. Or.. TV Gem :al Car
v:.t . a has signified his willingness t<> resign
i! Villa will agree to retire to private life.
Carranza Tells Tales on Villa
WASHINGTON. Get. 2S. An appeal
from General Carranza protesting against
l!,r :u"iivmes ,,f Au.eriean Representative
('.iiaaiit: rs. ami also the frieiullina.-- of the
aiiil-as.-ai. r for General \ :iia. was received
ti.,■ .lie ilfiiiii!Kicnl unlay.
1 arrau/.i that Vitl.V.~ rout name i“
1 > i. if. Araiijtr. iiiul he h;ltt ouinly l>un>teit
; h:ii he would some day i i-n; r.»l tin I'm:.'.!
Interrupted Fragram Resumed
i:i. FASO. Oei. ;in. ! ydimiK in-tween
tl f -ii.u iers m' t :ht;i| t ..iTiuiza i:tut
t' ... L (tenoral \::l.i i - n : t-rii at r~;.:i
Oil.
WASHINGTON. Oet 24 Advices re
cciM'tl ,.t the state (i: p.irtment fr -m Mex
i ,» ( P\ tod ax are t . the * Hu; tii.it Pro*
vm.onal Pix.-nient Carranza has « \ pressed a
wilimgne-- :p retire imm *»tlic• ■ j>i■ *vided
lh.it General Villa is 1. 4 instrumental in
securing his resignation.
Carranza to Be Deposed
WASHINGTON l ».■ 20. V.vires re
or ved p .! v >iate that the Mexican peace
< < iTeie:i.'■ t< morrow will depo-»* General
Carr.iza and e.y >.nt a pmvi-innal pro.
< ir! it.
Attempt to Assassinate Villa
I.I. PASO. Tex.. *»< ’ 27 A men giving
id- i: a nit' a- Ir.-.mi-rii M a made an at
, : ■ vesterdax ; • ■ o - a at • General
Vilia. leader of the revoiMioni-ts. Later
he made a eoufes: a n and was summarily .
-hot.
MEN CONVICTED OF FRAUD
SEEK EXECUTD/E CLEMENCY
WASHINGTON. O-t 29. Bullock a:id
11 U-; It. : 1.0 ■ ' !:t o i • 11VI" • d of Co: !
t'rai.-is perpetrated on toe government in
e. Tin 1 ■"•'ii \\ u h la ;.i ci utracts m Abe-ka,
are i.--r» p day .t the parpo.-e *>i trying
to i o'.iin :. ' ..i-'. i. Tli ■ department of
jij-r:cr i- - aio to favor ckim ncy for the,
eotivieicii nun.
The following telegram w;s received by
The Pioneer 1 ast night fmm t .iy t lerk A.
J. Pauli of 1 airbank-:
“Pioneer, Idiiarod. Alaska'.
“Fairbanks - raising funds for the Ameri
can Red Cm..- Society to be used for the
benefit of the sufferers of all nations, as
distinct from the German Red Cm.-s. We
suggest that xoil do likewise. Notify Flat.
"COMMITTEE.
“A. J. PAULI. Secretary."
In accordance with the above request
The Pioneer takes occasion to suggest that
the citizens of Iditarod and ITat City co
operate with the good people of Fairbanks
in their laudable undertaking. The Old
World is torn by the fiercest struggle in
history, and suffering and privation neces
sarily f How in the wake of war. With all
the funds that can be raised by that noble
organization, the Red Cross Society, the
extent to which suffering can be relieved
will be pi:-fully limited. We of America,
enjoying the blessings of freedom and peace,
in a land that i.- comparatively prosperous,
can well afford to do our share to relieve
the terrible misery and destitution preva
lent among the helpless millions of Europe.
Probably the best means of taking part in
this movement would be to call a mass
i-.eeting (T citizens to ch.-cuss tlr* scope and
extent to which our people desire to partici
pate in the movement.
HORRIBLE CATASTROPHE
IN MISSOURI COAL MINE
ST. LOUIS, Oct. 24.—An explosion of gas
in a coal mine at Roy a! ton. Mo., started a
fire, and two hundred miners are entombed.
One hundred of those working in the mine
at the time managed to escape.
EARTHQUAKE IN ITALY
FLORENCE, Italy, Oct. 27.—An earth
quake of considerable violence shook a wide
section of Italy today, doing immense dam
age.
MAYOR OF IDITAROD
SENDS GREETINGS TO SEWARD
In anticipation of the opening of the
new mail route between Seward and Idit
arod. the contract for which gees into effect
qn November 1, Mayor Baker yesterday
sent the following message by wireless to
the mayor of Seward:
“The citizens of Iditarod, the mining center
of the Innoko, Kuskokwim and Iditarod val
ley's. extend congratulations and felicitations
to the enterprising citizens of Seward upon
the inauguration of a mail service which
■will place the seaport in close communica
tion with the vast undeveloped country of
Interior Alaska. That the new service may
result in mutual benefit, and bring about
closer business and social relations between
the two cities, is the sincere wish of all our
pgriple.
“The first, consignment of mail leaves for
Seward Monday morning.
“CLAUDE BAKER,
“Mayor of Iditarod.”
I
Turkey Becomes Open Alley of Teutons
TOKIO, Oct. 30.—The Russian embassy here announces
that Turkey has opened war upon Russia.
Turkish Cruiser Bombards City
FEODOSIA. Oct. 30. — A Turkish cruiser today bom
barded this town for two hours and then withdrew.
t I'eodosm is :i Black sou port of Russia in the Crimea.I
Turks Demand Surrender of City
NOW OROSIYSK, Oct. 30.—The Turkish cruiser Hame
dich today demanded the surrender of this city, which was
refused. The cruiser then withdrew.
Well-Known Cruiser in Action
KERTCH, Oct. 30.—The Russian steamer Yalta has
1 ecn torpedoed and sunk by the Turkish cruiser Goeben.
'i(ruiser C, cbm will lie remembered as having had a thriding
,■ \; nems m the Mi'diterranean in 1 hr early (lays of the war she is one
,,J ,1;,. most powerful vc.-wl< of the Cere,an nave, and with the Breslau
V. . a: i ached I > the Ida nch and l'.ngli.-h fleets, but managed to escape
and i,,ok refuge in the Uardanelles. It was announced that she had been
a,,id I,. Turkey Kerteh is imother Crimean port.'
Rome Hears the News
ROME, Oct. 30.—It is announced here that Turkish
cruisers arc bombarding Russian ports on the Black sea.
Situation Strained
COPENHAGEN, Oct. 30.—The situation between Great
Britain and Turkey is becoming more strained daily, and
is now near the breaking point.
Balkan States Will Be Drawn In
LONDON, Oct. 30.—It is believed here that other Bal
kan countries will be drawn into the war besides turkey.
Asquith Realizes Desperate Situation
Parliament will assemble November 1 1, and Premier
Asquith will ask for an appropriation of $500,009,000
for war purposes.
German Cruiser Said to Ha«e Violated War Rules
TOKIO, Oct. 30.—The German cruiser Emden, flying
the Japanese flag, is reported to have entered Penang, a
British possession, and fired torpedoes which sunk the Rus
sian cruiser Jemtchung. A French destroyer made its
escape.
Preparing to Attar i British Fleet
AMSTERDAM, Oct. 30.—The Germans are assembling
knock-down submarines at Zeebrugge. When put together
it is the intention to attack the British fleet off Ostend.
Cease Fighting to Await Reinforcements
PARIS, Oct. 30. —There has been a pause in the fighting
in northern France, and it is believed that the Germans are
awaiting the arrival of still more men.
Disastrous Effect of Gun Explosion
Two hundred and fifty met ’were killed when a Ger
man gun exploded near the French right wing.
Advance of Russian Hordes
PETROGRAD, Oct. 30.—The Russian forces are break
ing down the resistance of the Germans and Austrians
both in Galicia and Russian Poland.
German Spies Engag d in Bold Project
HALIFAX, N. S.. Oct. 30. Wireless telegraph equip
ment hidden in a house occu ied by Germans here has
been seized by the authorities,and the men arrested.
Odessa Is Bombarded
WASHINGTON, Oct. 30.—The state department has re
ceived advices to the effect that the city of Odessa has been
bombarded by Turkish war vessels, entailing great loss to
American property interests.
London Doesn’t Understand
LONDON, Oct. 30.—Why Turkey has entered the war
is unknown here.
Russian Ambassador to Leave Constantinople
The Russian ambassador at Constantinople has been or
dered to demand his passports and leave immediately.
Royal Figurehead Resigns
Prince Louis of Battenburg, giving as a reason his Aus- ;
trian birth, has resigned as the active head of the British |
navy, and the resignation has been accepted.
Kaiser to Announce Belgian Annexation
The annexation of Belgium by Germany is shortly to be
announced.
Russians Rejoice to Get a Chance at the Turk
PF.TROGRAD, Oct. 30.—Rejoicing is general here be
cause of the Turkish attack on Russia.
Russian Armies Victorious
The Austrian forces have been beaten and the Germans
are in peril in all conflicts.
Allies Adopt Dutch Method of Warfare
PARIS, Oct. 30.—The dikes along the lower Yser have
been cut and the country flooded. The Germans have been
trapped by the allies and a terrific artillery fire has been
begun.
Violent Fighting With Little Result
LONDON. Oct. 21. After violent fighting on the part of both armies
:n n.rrheru France. the -Hies have suffered a slight reverse and are re
tle.tiuig t.‘at- L.lie. The west and north lines are being advanced.
Citizens of Antwerp Fear Trap
ANTWFRi’. Oct. 24. But half the citizens of tins city remain here,
ni. tL d s of refugees refuse to return, fearing that the German
kiii'iii"-.' l- ;>ut- a Map.
Swiss Imprison German Spies
GENEVA. Oet. 24. Three German -pies have been placed in prison
here ft r pit mi.n against England and Prance, in violation of f'wiss neu
tralit v.
Operations Near Verdun
COFFNiTAGKN. Oct. 24. Advices received here state that the Ger
man f 'lees are elo-ing in da Verdun.
Terrific Fighting in Flanders
PARIS. Oct• 24 A terrific struggle is in progress on the plains of
Flanders. Many aeroplanes are in use by the trench.
Determined Effort to Capture Dunkirk
LONDON. Oct. 24. The invaders are hurling their full strength
against tin- allies’ coast and western battle front in a determined effort
to capture Dunkirk.
Hunting German Cruisers
Several British, French and Japanese warships are hunting Fir the
commerce-destroying German cruisers which are roaming the sea-.
Submarine Believed to Have Been Sunk
No hopes are entertained for the safety of submarine E-3, and she is
believed to have been sunk in the North sea.
Operations of Zeppelins
The Germans ar° engaged in a -ky demonstration, and are firing tor
pedoes from Zeppelins at a great height.
German Ambassador Assures America
WASHINGTON. Oct. 24. The German ambassador today announced
that whatever niicht be the outcome of the war, Germany would re
spect the Monroe doctrine.
Japanese Cruiser Sinks German Schosner
HONOI.VU'. Oct. 24. The German steam schooner Aeolus, captured
by the Japanese cruiser llizen, has been shelled and sunk outside the
three-mile limit.
Kaiser Accepts Von Moltke’s Resignation
BERLIN. Oct. 24. It is reported that the kaiser has accepted the
resignation of Gencnd \ on Moltkc, chief of staff of the German arm\.
The latter has been in poor health, and this is given as the reason for hi.
retirement. The name of his successor has not been announced.
Allies Drives Enemies Back After Fierce Fignimg
LONDON, Oct. 42. With Germany hurling fresh troops, estimated
at as high as six hundred thousand, into the titanic conflict in northern
France, it is claimed that all attacks have been repulsed and that the.
allies are driving the enemy back. Fierce fighting is in progress between
Nieuport and Ostend, and the bombardment from the sea has been kept
up all night.
French Complain of Barbarities
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2(>- The French embassy has received advices
♦ hat the Germans shot prisoners, a. i also wounded men, during the
recent fighting.
Germans Advancing rn Channel Ports
LONDON. Oct. 20. It is admitti that the Germans are advancing
and the allies retre; in West FI '.derg. The Germ ns art throwing
every available mail against the aih left in the effort to conquer the
channel j>: rts.
French Deny ernu,a Gams
PARI.', net. 2b. i, k- dei.-ci .-ere*- .hr f.amans have gained any
thing of importance. The albes !■ i.-ses during the past ten days are esti
mated at a thousand daily.
Germans Fortifying Antwerp
ROTTDRDAM, Get. 2(1 Advices rec.-ived here .late that the Germans
are preparing to hold Antwerp, and are placing in position heavy siege
guns lo resist attack.
Japanese Parliament to Convene
TOKIO. Oct. 2(1. The Japanese diet will convene in special session
mi December 5.
Austrian Cruiser Sunk by Japanese
PEKIN, Oct. 26. An Austrian cruiser which took refuge at the en
trance to Kaiochau bay has been sunk by a Japanese battleship.
Servians Retire After Inflicting Heavy Losses
CETTINJE, Oct. 26. Outnumbered five to one. the Montenegrin and
Serviar. ' trees operating against S; fijevo have retired, after inflicting
heavy losses on the Austrians.
Germans Retreat Inland
PARiS. Oct. 26. - The German i s retreating inland succeeded in
crossing the Vser between Nieuport and Dixmonde. A battle of a violent
character is in progress to the west and south of Lille. Spirited attacks of
the enemy have been repulsed.
Russians Claim Victories
PETROGRAD, Oct. 26. The Russians claim to have won several
victories over the German rear guard leaving Warsaw.
Is Canada to Re Invaded?
WASHINGTON, Oct. 20. The German ambassador stales that the
landing of troops in Canada would not be in violation of the Monroe doc
trine.
Inflict Heavy Losses on Germans
LONDON. Oct. 27. -Authentic advices received here state that the
allies have regained the hanks of the ser in a heavy light. Ihe Germans
have been driven back with terrific losses.
Indian Troops Acquit Themselves Creditably
It is said that the Indian troops are proving most effective.
Large Force of Russians Captured
VIENNA. Oct. 27. Eight thousand Russians have been captured near
Ivangorod.
Immense Daily Losses of Germans
ROME, Oct. 27. Official reports received here are to the effect that
the Germans in the present fighting are losing ten thousand men daily.
“On to Calais,” Says Kaiser
LONDON. Oct. 27.—“On to Calais” is the command given by the
kaiser to his troops, according to report here.
River Running Blood
The River Vser is running blood, so fierce has been the slaughter in !
that vicinity.
Two thousand refugees have already tied from Calais, fearing occu
pation of that city by the Germans.
Kaiser to Direct German and Austrian Forces
By tl • terms of a military agreement just made, the kaiser is to direct
the united armies of Germany and Austria.
British to Have Supreme Command of Allies’ Nayses
France and Russia have given supreme command of their navies over
to the British.
British Commander Dead
LONDON', Oct. 2S. Lieutenant General Franklyn. commander uf the
third division of Kitchener’s army, died suddenly today.
British Warship on Fire
Observations made by a British balloon in the vicinity of Slype rex cal
that a British warship is on fire.
Germans Reinforced in Alsace
BERNE, Switzerland. Oct. 28. The Germans are receiving large re
inforcements to their forces in Alsace.
Mines Washed Ashore
ROTTERDAM, Oct. 25.- It is reported here that several mines have
been washed ashore near Ostend.
Germans Driven Back With Heavy Losses
The Germans have fallen back from the west end. Their losses on tin
Dieuport-Dixmonde line are estimated to be ten thousand killed and
thirty-six thousand wounded.
Valor Displayed During Massacre
LONDON. Oct. 2S.~ The battle among the sand dunes and al >ng the
canals in Handers is described as a bloody massacre. Both arm;. .- m
played the greatest valor.
Germans Checked
LONDON, Oet. 25. The German forces have been checked ..t the
Vser canal, also at the town of Vser.
Hongkong Takes Precautions
Subjects of Germany and Austria have been ordered out of the city
of Hongkong by the British authorities there.
Preparing to Safeguard London
The channel of the Thames has been closed near Lyall. in order to
block attempts by hostile vessels to reach here.
Night Attacks Repulsed
PARIS. Oct. 28. Two surprise attacks by night by tin- German forces
have been repulsed, but the losses have been heavy on both sides.
Dunkirk Is Object of German Attack
LONDON, Oct. 28. Every evidence indicates that tiie Germans in
tend to renew the attack on Dunkirk as quickly as possible. Fresh men
men and ammunition are being hurried to the front.
Kitchener Has Large Force
A force of a million and a half men are now on the British army rolls,
and eight hundred thousand men belong to Kitchener’s army.
On Monday morning the first consign
ments of mail will lie started over the new
mail route between Iditarod and Seward,
and the winter mail service which
has been the hope of the citizens of
this section of Alaska for several seasons
past will be inaugurated. Carriers will
i leave Iditarod and Seward simultaneously.
• Colonel H. F. Revelle of Seward, tile con
tractor, is allowed a time limit between
the two cities of twenty-five days, with a
limit of 475 pounds of mail, which is to
run on a weekly schedule. However, it
is his intention to make the through trip
in fourteen days, and he believes that even
better time than this can be made when
1 the trail is in good shape. The distance
between Seward and Iditarod is approxi
mately 500 miles, as against approximately
900 miles by the old route from Cordova to
Fairbanks and thence to Iditarod, so it
will be seen that considerable time will be
saved in the delivery of mail as compared
with the old route, even if the full contract
time i:- taken for the trip.
When in Iditarod last spring Colonel
Revelle stated that it was his intention to
use horses on the run between this city and
French Joe’s, on the upper Kuskokwim, a
distance of 200 miles.
Strenuous efforts v/ill be made by the
contractor to give a satisfactory service,
as it is his intention to demonstrate to the
postoffice authorities the economy of using
this route for the winter mail service oi
Nome and Seward peninsula. lb* claims
that a saving of fully two weeks' time can
be effected over the present Nome route,
which is via Cordova, Fairbanks, Kaltag
and Unalakleet.
The establishment of this route means
much to Iditarod and Interior Alaska gen
erally. The keeping open of the trail I y
the mail teams will insure an easy means
of travel between the Interior and the coast
and the possibility of express matter being
transported, something heretofore impossi
ble in the winter season.
In connection with the service to be in
augurated Monday will be a semi-monthly
service between Takotna and Ruby, which
will include mail for the latter city and
other Interior Alaska points.
Robert Boyd of Disrove/y will be the
carrier on the first relay from this city,
and he will carry the mail to and from
Takotna. There being no snow as yet, he I
will probably use pack horses.
Shortening Up the Trail
From a late arrival in the city The I'lo- j
neer learns that considerable trail work. >s [
now going on in the vicinity of Takotna, I
which will result in shortening the thor
oughfare in that locality at least tnteen j
miies. The N. C. Co. has a crew of men |
at work on a new trail from Takotna to J
McGrath, which, it is claimed, not only cuts
out the forks of the Takotna river, but
other bad stretches of road encountered on j
the old trail. Captain William Geiger, the
pioneer homesteader of McGrath, is cutting j
a new route from that place ,and Frank
Fox, who conducts the Salmon River road
house, is cutting the road from his place
to meet the Geiger party. Tom Boyd, who
has a sub contract from Colonel Revelle for
carrying the mails over a long stretch of
the Iditarod Seward trail, is contributing
substantially toward the new road-building
in that section.
Chiropractic Massage, combined with Gal
vanic and Faradic Electricity, is one of
the best known remedies today for backache
and muscular rheumatism.
CROSBY MASSAGE PARLOR.
VISITING CARDS-*™*. typU£c<£
RESERVE BANKS, TO OPEN
WASHINGTON, Oct. 26.—The secretary
of the treasury announced today that the
opening of the reserve banks provided for
bv the recently enacted law will take place
on November 16.
CLOUDBURST IN TEXAS
SAN ANTONIO, Tex., Oct. 24. -A cloud
burst today devastated a wide section of
country in this vicinity, resulting in great
property loss and .the drowning of one
man.
JUST A _MOMENT,_ GOOP^^PEOPLE^
Cease from the mad rush long enough to get this.
The opening of Iditarod’s gay and frivolous social winter whirl.
The Freeze-Up Dance
Tonight, Halloween, Got. 31
9:30 TO 1:00
Now that old Boreas and his side-kick, Jack Frost, have shut us of! from the
warring and sinful world, let us all get together with happy and thankful hearts
to celebrate. So rub some goose grease on that old frame of yours and come and
shake a leg. ’Twill do you good. There will be some good things pulled off on
this joyous eve.
A maid will be in attendance to see to the comfort of the ladies and to care
for the children. Come and bring the kids and the kidlets.
The price will neither make nor break you. One buck and a half pays for
the main event and all the side shows.
Watch for announcement of the Big Turkey Trot Thanksgiving Eve. Wow!
THANKSGIVING
DAY ON NOV. 28
WASHINGTON, Oct. 23.—Pres
ident Wilson today issued a proc
lamation designating Thursday,
November 26, as Thanksgiving
day, admonishing the people to set
aside business cares and in their
places of worship gvie thanks to
the Almighty for the many bless
ings vouchsafed during the year.
As special cause for gratitude to
God he refers to the fact that the
United States is enjoying the bless
ing of peace while the rest of tne
world is at war.
LIQUOR TRAFFIC ON TRIAL
IN PACIFIC COAST STATES
SEATTLE. Oct. 2L The Pacific coast
states of ( alifornia, Oregon arul WaaLing
ton will on Tuesday next vote upon the
prohibition question, and the chief intero.-t
m the election centers upon the success rr
failure of the efforts of the Prohibitionists
to carry their propaganda.
The utmost confidence in the result is
expressed by both the “wots” and the
■ Uiys,” each claiming victory. It is be
lieved. however, that the overwhelming
vote of the larger cities will be cast again *
prohibition and that it will more than
offset the prohibition sentiment of the farm
ing communities and the se dbr nipujf* *
palities.
As an index to the sentiment pr- va.'.b.^,
it is r j£ed that bets are being offered of
six to one that California wili rem in
“wet.” two t<» one that Oregon wul go
“dry,” and three to one that Wasi ;r<»n
will vote wet.”
SOUTHERN REPRESENTATION
REDUCED BY COMl^iTTEE
NEW- YORK. Oct. 26.—The determined
fight that has been carried on h>r several
years to reduce the representation of the
Southern si ales in Republican national con
ventions has at last been won.
After a meeting of the executive com
mittee of the Republican national commit
tee today Chairman Ilili *' announced that
at the national convention of the party to
be hel i in 1916 to nominate candidates for
president and vice president, there will be
eighty nine less Southern delegates than in
the convention of 1912.
LONDON. Oct. 24. The B-ir chiefs*
Dp wot and Beyers, have taken the lead in
the rebellion in the Orange Tree Sta'e
against the British troops, and have male
some progress near Loulers.
This second uprising in South Africa is
causing great concern here, as the i aiders
are very popular.
General Bctha Loyal
PRETORIA, not. 28. - General Botha,
the distinguished Boer commander, left here
today for England k» take the held with
the British forces again*t the Germans.
Called Home
LONDON. Oct. 29. G neral Botha., en
route to this city, has suddenly returned to
couth Africa.
Forces Demoralized
Reports re<
that the attacks of General Boyers ha\e
entirely demoralized the imp* i d fore; v
Botha Loses No Time
LONDON, Oct. 30.—General Botha has
i scattered the rebel commands anil General
B< vers has tied.
CANNON NOT THE WEAPON
TO DEFEND WORLD’S PEACE
’ PITTSBURG. Oct. 24. President. \Vils« r
jin u speech deliverd lore today at a cvle
:>ratit n in horn»r of
sary of the Young Men’s Ghri- ian Associa
tion movement, said that peace "
to be lasting, would have to be gained and
held with right for a weapon, and no; with
cannon.
SPAIN’S ROYAL FAMILY
RECEIVES A NEW MEMBER
MADRID, Oct. 24 A son was born _ to
Queen Victoria today. The family of King
Alfonso and Queen Victoria now consists of
three sons and three daughters.
CHOLERA IN PORTUGAL
LONDON’, Oct. 28. Much alarm hs3
been occasioned by the receipt of news here
today that cholera had broken out in Lis
j bon.
Langford Was Outpointed
BOSTON, Oct. 28. -Sam Langford, the
colored heavyweight boxer, who only last
week won an easy victory over Gunboat
Smith by knocking him out in the third
round, was outpointed last night in this
city in a very fast ten-round contest with
Jeff Clark, a young negro championship
aspirant.
Ritchie and Dundee Draw
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 25. The four
round boxing contest between Willie Ritchie
and Johnny Dundee in this city last night
I resulted in a draw. There was nothing een
| sadonal in the contest.