y/jildl Director. GAINES DOG RESEARCH CENTER .
HARRY LAWRENCE, FAIRBANKS, ALASKA, FOR 30 YEARS A MAIL
CARRIER BY DOC TEAM, HAS DRIVEN AS MANY AS
35DOGS in A S/NGLE TEEM ^
SSGERMAN SHEPHERDS OWNED
BYGIRALDA FARMS, MADISON,N-J.
HAVE WON THEIR C/IAMPfONSH/PS
© 1950, Gaines Dog Research Center, N
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Array’s ‘Windchill Factor* Chart.
Tells Operation Snowbird Troops
In Alaska How* Cold Is Cold
How cool is cool? How cold is-i
cold? And how cold is bitterly I
cold?
These are not catch questions. j
The U.S. Army knows the an
I swers. It can gauge how weather i
| from 45° below zero to 90° above
will affect troops exposed to it.
It is all based on windchill,
which, simply defined, is the re
lationship between the tempera
ture and the rate <or air) move
ment, and how—as these two fac
tors vary—they affect human be
ings. A small amount of air move
ment make a surprisingly great
difference. So surprising, in fact,
that the “windchill factor” is a
rather unique phenomenon.
The Army has a chart to show
the windchill factor, and “meas
ure” what it does to troops during
the widest spread of sub-arctic
conditions.
Although most people in the
more temperate climes probably
never heard of the word “wind
chill,” soldiers in Alaska on man
euvers speak of it. and have been
warned of it. The word is heard
in the conversation of troop com
manders and the attending medi
cal corpsmen when troops maneu
ver in frigid weather such as is
expected during Alaska’s Exer
cise Snowbird, Jan. 13-Feb. 13,
when temperatures may hit 50
below.
To gauge this factor the Army
uses a graphic chart which it calls
a “windchill nomogram.”
If both the temperature and the
wind velocity are known the spec
ific degree of windchill may be
read from the chart.
These “windchill factor” lines
begin at 50 and extend by the
100s through 2,500.
A table accompanying the chart
shows the effects of windchill on
human beings. The face, being
better supplied with blood, is
least susceptible to cold. The table
follows.
50 Hot 600 Very Cool
100 Warm 800 Cold
200 Pleasant 1000 Very Cold
400 Cool 1200 Bitterly
Cold
1400 Exposed flesh freezes. Trav
el and life in temporary
shelter becomes dangerous.
2000 Exposed areas of face freeze
within one minute. Travel
and life in temporary shel
ter becomes dangerous.
2300 Exposed areas of face freeze
within half a minute.
Random reading from the chart
will show how amazingly accur
ate it is in describing a human
being’s “feeling” about the weath
er.
The table shows 50 as HOT, and
the “50”, line on the chart shows
it’s hot at 90° above, whether
there is a 15-mile-per-hour wind
or a 44 mph. wind. (Anyone who
has been in the Deep South will
agree).
Next, as an example, take a
windchill line of 400, shown in
the above table as COOL. The
chart shows that this sensation re
sults from a temperature of 65°
above zero with an accompanying
wind of 11 mph. <Hawaiians
would no doubt agree that this is
>
so). The chart shows that this
same sensation will exist at 70°,
but to produce it the wind would
have to be blowing 30 mph.
COLD is the description for
800. The chart shows this sensa
tion will result when the temper
ature is 40° above with an accom
panying wind of 15 mph. But to
obtain it with a temperature of
50° the wind would have to be
40 mph., and yet at 25°, a wind
of only 5 mph. would do it.
Jumping to 1200 and BITTER
LY COLD, the figures are: 30°
above with a wind of 13 mph.; 0°
with wind of 5 mph.; and a minus '
30° with wind of 1 mph.
(The last two readings show
how extremely important wind is: ,
a 5-mile-an-hour wind gives BIT
TER COLD at 0°, but the temper
ature must drop to a minus 30° to
give the same sentation with a,
1-mile-an-hour wind.)
At 2000, when exposed areas of1
face freeze within 1 minute, read- i
ings show this will happen at |
minus 15° with a wind of 35 mph;
at 30 below with wind of 15 mph;
and at 40° below and wind of 10
mph.
The 2300 reading, which freez
es exposed areas of the face with
in half a minute, results only
during the variable degrees and
velocities that lie between minus
28° and wind of 45 mph., and mi
nus 45° and h 19 mph. wind.
The following notation for Ar
my men to see and heed was writ
ten into the Army’s summarizing
report that was distributed for
the guidance of all concerned fol
lowing the conclusion last Febru
ary of Exercise North Star:
“The effect of wind with low
temperatures (wipdchill factor) is
of critical importance and should
always be considered rather than
temperature alone. Familiarity
with the windchill nomogram is
recommended . . . Commanders
must be continuously cognizant
of the windchill factor in order
to avoid excessive cold casual
ties.”
It’s all an example, known by
few people outside of the Army,
of Army “know-how” in the con
duct of sub-arctic operations.
There is probably a windchill
factor of 5000 somewhere in the
arctic. The chart doesn’t show
anything about such a factor. But
when it gets too cold, Alaskans
will tell you what to do about it:
“Stay inside!”
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McCarthy Reports Army
Promotes Doctor Who Had
Invoked Fifth Amendment
WASHINGTON, UP) — Sen. Mc
Carthy said Wednesday night the
Army had promoted to corporal
a doctor who had invoked the
fifth amendment on questions
about Communism. A few hours
later, the Army reported Pfc.
Marvin S. Belsky’s promotion
had been cancelled and his com
mander reprimanded.
McCarthy, who likeited the
Belsky case to that of the former
Army dentist, Maj. Irving Per
ess said he had learned the pro
motion was made “within the
last six weeks.” he said he had
asked for a report from the Army.
Later, the Army issued an an
nouncement saying Belsky’s pro
motion had been revoked be
cause it violated regulations.
The Army also said Col. Arthur
J. Redland, Belsky’s commanding
officer at Murphy General Hos
pital, Waltham, Mass., had been
given a formal reprimand.
At Waltham, Col. Redland de
clined comment and a hospital
spokesman said Belsky was on
leave until Jan. 19.
U. of A. Seismograph
Reigsters Very Strong
Quake In The Aleutians
FAIRBANKS, — A seismo
graph at the University of Alaska
registered a very strong earth
quake at 4:07 p.m. Wednesday.
The shock, located approxi
mately 1,500 miles from here in
an undetermined direction, con
tinued intermittently for almost
an hour.
Officials of the Coast and Geo
detic Survey, operators of the
seismograph, said they believed
the quake was centered in the
Aleutian Islands, creating the
possibility of tidal wave condi
tions in that region.
In Seattle, however, Prof. How
ard Coombs of the University of
Washington Geology Dept., said
he doubted very much if any
tidal wave reaction would be felt.
The distance, he said, would
place the quake well out to sea
and the depth would likely elim
inate tidal action. He expressed
the belief that Alaska coastal
towns would have reported any
oceanic disturbance within a
short time if any occurred.
Coombs said tidal waves travel
at approximately 400 miles an
hour.
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