ss NOME NUGGET
OLDEST NEWSPAPER IN ALASKA—MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS
VOL. LVIII No. 105 NOME, ALASKA, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1956 Per Copy—15^
Negroes Attending White Schools
With and Without Troop Protection
(By the Ahsociated Press’
Negroes continued to attend
white schools in widely scattered
areas today—with and without
protection of troops—and Presi
dent Eisenhower said violence
arising from classroom integra
tion is a stalte problem.
The State of Tennessee contin
ued to maintain order with Na
tional Guardsmen at Clinton and
all 12 of the Negroes enrolled at
the previously all-whirte high
school went quietly to classes.
A room check showed 324 stu
dents present today, including the
12 Negroes, compared with 237
yesterday out of the total enroll
ment of 806.
'Campaign of Fear'
Principal D. J. Brittain Jr. told
a news conference today that
“agitators” are conducting a
“campaign of fear” and intimida
tion to force parents to keep their
children away from school. He
said some parents had reported to
him that they’d been told their
homes would be dynamited after
the militiamen leave if they per
mit their children to go to school.
At Sturgis, Ky., mass intimida
tion appeared to have barred an
other integration move, at least
temporarily. Nine Negroes tried
to enter the high school, which
has 310 white pupils, and were
blocked by a crowd of 500.
Jeering. Unruly Crowd
By late this morning, a jeering,
unruly crowd of coal miners and
farmers had surrounded the
School and no Negroes had ap
peared to make an effort to enter.
Integration in Kentucky began on
Violent Deaths
Over Holiday
Came to 583 •
Labor Day holiday traffic
deaths topped the 400 mark, but
a late surge of safety conscious
ness was credited with “saving at
least 40 lives.”
As late reports trickled in, an
Associated Press tabulation cov
• ering the period from 6 p.m. (local
» time) Friday to midnight Monday
showed there were at least 424
traffic deaths during the long
78-hour weekend.
There were 88 drownings and
71 deaths in a variety of accidents
for an overall violent death toll
of 583.
The National Safety Council
had estimated at least 480 persons
would die in traffic mishaps.
Midway thru the holiday, when
deaths were occurring at the rate
of about five an hour, the council
anticipated its dire forecast would
be realized.
But Ned H. Dearborn, safely
council president, said that “the
holiday traffic toll took a turn
for the better at noon on Labor
Day.”
In the 1955 Labor Day holiday,
there were 438 traffic deaths. The
record toll for any Labor Day
holiday was established in 1951,
when 461 were-killed on the na
tion’s highways and streets.
a mass scale yesterday and went
ahead quietly everywhere ex
cept at Sturgis and Nicholas ville,
where the school board dropped
plans to use Negro drivers and
mix races on buses after a mass
protest.
In Mansfield, Texas, scene of
violence last week because of the
threatened enrollment of Negroes,
a detachment of six rangers and
a band of 75 men reached the
school at about the same time.
Effigy on Flagpole
More than 70 schools in west
Texas have been integrated with
out serious incident, but Mans
field is the first in east Texas to
face integration under federal
court order tracing to the Su
preme Court ruling which out
lawed racial segregation.
Two effigies of Negroes, strung
up last Thursday and Friday on
the school flagpole and over the
entrance still were in place today.
U.S. Employment
For August Hits
Peak for 3d Month
WASHINGTON, (tfl—A record
number of 66,752,000 persons held
jobs in August, the government
reported today.
This was a new peak for the
third straight month this summer.
The total of jobholders was swoll
en by an unusual number of stu
dents seeking and getting vaca
tion jobs, the Census Bureau said.
The number of students getting
jobs also brought a drop of 638,
000 in the number of unemployed
from July to August, the bureau
added.
The number of jobless was list
ed at 2,195,000 in mid-August,
when the count was taken. This
compared with 2,833,000 in July.
Secretary of Labor Mitchell had
forecast the record employment
figure over the Labor Day week
end. It was one of the items the
Republicans pointed to in their
claims of leading the nation to
peacetime prosperity.
Mrs. Carl Glavinovich Passes Away
Marguerite Glavinovich, 52, be
loved wife of Carl Glavinovich,
manager of U.S. Smelting Co.
here, passed away Monday and
was buried from the Community
Methodist Church yesterday. Fol
lowing the funeral, the body was
shipped stateside for burial at
Spokane.
The Community Methodist
Church was filled to capacity
with the many friends made dur
ing her 25-year residence here.
Mrs. Glavinovich, who was
bom in Spokane, graduated from
Washington State College, came
to Nome as a teacher in 1931, and
has been active in civic affairs
throughout the years.
For many years she was leader
of Girl Scout work in the commu
nity, and guided that organization
through some very critical years,
making it possible for many
young people to have the advan
tage of summer encampments as
well as an organized scouting
program.
She also gave generously of her
time to the choir of the Commu
nity Methodist Church for many
years.
The funeral was conducted by
Rev. Willard Mecklenburg, with
Rev. Roald Amundson of the
Covenant Church singing a well
known Scandinavian hymn. Music
on the organ was played by Rob
ert Baldwin.
Pallbearers were Ben Young,
Stan Morgan, William Cameron,
William Angell, Dewey Goodrich
and Jim von der Heydt.
Surviving are her husband and
three children: Carolyn, Ruth and
Paul Glavinovich.
The family plans to leave im
mediately for Spokane.
The Nugget staff joins the
community in expressing sym
pathy to the family in their great
loss.
Anthropolist Says History of Eskimo People Can
Explain a Mystery That Spans Pacific Ocean
By Alton L. Blakeslee
Associated Press Science Reporter
PHILADELPHIA, OB—Far-rang
ing Eskimos can explain a mys
tery that spans the Pacific Ocean,
an anthropologist said today.
The mystery lies in the similar
ities in some customs and beliefs
of northwest American Indians
and Siberian tribes in northeast
Asia. One .guess is that either the
Indians or the Siberians long ago
crossed the Bering Strait or Aleu
tian Islands to introduce cuture
changes.
A different explanation is pro
posed by Dr. Chester S. Chard of
the University of Washington at
the fifth International Congress
of Anthropological and Ethnolog
ical Sciences.
Eskimos at Puget Sound
He says the old Eskimos or
their forebearers once ranged
wide, dominating territory as far
south as Puget Sound, and down
to the Kamchatka Peninsula on
the opposite side of the Pacific.
Northwest Indians, coming up
from the south, pushed them
back. So did Siberian tribes in
Asia, compressing the Eskimos
into a smaller territory.
Eskimo Customs Acquired
Neither the Indians nor Siber
ians ever met, but each from con
tact with the Eskimos acquired
some of the same Eskimo customs
and beliefs, Dr. Chard theorizes.
This happened some 2,000 years
ago.
Renewed expansion of Eskimo
population thru medicine protec
tion was predicted by Dr. Victor
E. Levine of Creighton University
school of medicine, Omaha, Neb.
He said epidemics of diseases
introduced by white men, often
by a single white man, had killed
scores of thousands of Eskimos in
the last century. Unlike white
men, Eskimos had not acquired
immunity or resistance to epidem
ics of measles, TB, smallpox, flu,
pneumonia and other diseases.
Fewer Eskimos Today
The Eskimo population now is
smaller in Alaska and Canada
than a century ago, with white
men’s diseases and a high infant
mortality being main reasons.
Dr. Levine said medical pro
grams to vaccinate Eskimos and
hit their diseases with modern
drugs, and ability to reach isolat
ed Eskimo communities with
modern medical care promise to
halt the disease slaughter and
permit the Eskimo population to
increase.
President Reveals Campaign Plans;
Will Speak at Farm Belt Town
One Day Before Adlai Stevenson
..—4
20 RR. Workers
Die in Crash of
Santa Fe Chief
SPRINGER, N.M., UtV-Twenty
railway workers perished early
today when the speeding Santa
Fe Chief smashed headon into a I
siderailed mail train in northern
New Mexico.
t
Railway officials said the death
toll may be higher when wrecking
crews pry into the twisted and
torn cars of the Chief.
At least seven were injured.
So far as can be determined
there were no passengers killed
in the early-morning tragedy.
Open Switch Is Cause
A Santa Fe spokesman said an
open switch on the bypass caused
the Chief to head into the side
rail and plow into the mail train.
The Chief shot into the bypass
where the fast Santa Fe mail train
No. 8 was waiting its turn for the
main line to continue to Denver.
The dead included the engineer
of the mail train, tire engineer,
fireman and conductor ' of the
Chief, and 16 waiters and lounge!
ear attendants who were asleep I
in a dormitory car on the chief. ,
Associated Press writer John B.
Curtis said “the task even of de
termining the number of dead is
horribly complicated because of
the condition of the trains.”
Cars on End
“The cars,” said Curtis, “are
mangled, twisted and standing on
end. Women’s shoes, bedclothing
and suitcases are strewn every
place.”
Of 13 cars in the Chief, only
seven remained on the track. The
others, Curtis said, were “twisted,
mangled and telescoped, pointing
upward at grotesque angles."
’ WASHINGTON, tT*—President
Eisenhower said today he plans
two campaign speeches this
month on the farm situation.
Those two addresses, plus an
other mentioned at a news con
ference, will be in addition to a
speech at the formal kickoff of
his re-election campaign at a
“pep rally” at his Gettysburg
farm one week from today.
Responding to questions, Eisen
hower said he has tentatively
agreed to attend the annual plow
ing contest at Newton, Iowa. He
said he thinks that event is set
for Sept. 21.
Adlai Stevenson, the Democrat
ic presidential nominee, has
agreed to speak at Newton on
Sept. 22.
•Eisenhower said he will visit
with friends at Newton and make
a speech dealing with the farm
situation—which is shaping up as
a major issue in the campaign.
In good humor and natty in a
light gray double-breasted suit,
Eisenhower covered these other
topics at the news conference:
CIVIL RIGHTS— Commenting
on the disturbances which have
broken out in some sections of
the South as a result of the Su
preme Court’s ruling outlawing
racial segregation in the nation’s
schools, Eisenhower said that un
til the individual states show in
(Continued on Page Two)
Lutherans Expect To
Start Counstruction Of
New Church Very Soon
Mrs. J. Jl. Tobiason, president
of the Pacific Division of the
Women’s Missionary Federation
of the Lutheran Church, is visit
ing here for a few days in the
interest of the building of the
new Lutheran Church.
The women’s group is raising
funds, estimated to be well over
$100,000, for the building of the
new church. Their campaign is
the asking of $1 donations from
Lutherans throughout the States,
as well as larger contributions
from special funds. They believe
that the appeal to individuals will
bring such a ready response that
the church construction may get
under way very soon now.
540 Students Enroll On
First Day of School,
Still More Coming
First-day registration at Nome
School showed a total of 540 stu
dents yesterday. However, stated
Superintendent W. Angell, the
total changed today and probably
will continue to all this week as
additional new students come in
from camps, particularly the pri
mary students.
Attendance the ffhst day showed
60 in the first grade, 85 in the
second, 52 in the third, 50 in the
fourth, 60 in the fifth, 46 in the
sixth, 54 in the seventh, 48 in the
eighth grade, and 90 in the high
school.