THE NOME NUGGET
Published Monday, Wednesday and Friday bv the
NOME PUBLISHING CO.
NOME, ALASKA
Telephone Main 125 $1.50 PER MONTH
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E. P. BOUCHER . Managing Editor
CLINTON GRAY . Production Manager
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Entered as second class matter October 14. 1943, at the
post office at Nome, Alaska, under Act of March 3. 1879.
LET’S INTEGRATE!
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I
coM£ oF
LABOR'S ,
MTOLfCrt'iSl—>
Tribute to a Great Leader . . .
THE BIRTHDAY of George Washington, the first
President of the United States is always observed
with great respect by the American people, as the
Father of His Country, as a great soldier and for his
wisdom and courage in fighting for his convictions.
He was sound and wise in his judgments and looked
far ahead to the future of our country.
Today, George Washington’s Birthday is also
being observed as “National Guard Muster Day” and
on this day the National Guard salutes the memory
of the “civilian soldier”. Washington said, “every
citizen who enjoys the protection of a free government
owes not only a portion of his property but even his
personal services to the defense of it.”
Those persons who pursue diligently the study
of the history of this free nation, see running through
it “a gold thread—The Rights of Man Under God”. If
we would preserve our liberty it would be wise to re
view carefully the pain, suffering and self-denial
which went into achieving this freedom which is ours
and which is threatened by powers who would destroy
our “unalienable rights”.
Khrushchev says that the United States is living
the last years of its greatness.
He should have observed the 1st Scout Battalion
and the 7th Special Forces demonstrating their weap
ons last Saturday. These are not men of a soft nation
when they will take time to practice and train re
gardless of the weather. The paratroopers who were
here last week also demonstrated the tough core of
our military strength. George Washington would be
proud of all of them.
JUNEAU GIRL WILL
REPRESENT 49TH STATE
WASHINGTON UP) — A Juneau
brunette has been* named to
represent Alaska in the Capital’s
annual Cherry Blossom Festival
in April.
Carol Ann Council, 18, daugh
ter of the late Dr. W. W. Council
and Mrs. Wallis George, Juneau,
were named yesterday to repre
sent the 49th state. She was the
only candidate.
Carol Ann is a freshman at Rol
lins College, Winter Park, Fla.
Old Newspapers—25c Bundle
For Sale at The Nugj/et
Alaska Receives $1,081,188
In Mineral Lease Revenues
JUNEAU l/P) — Gov. Egan said
today the state has received $1,
081,188 as its share of federal
mineral lease revenues for the
last six months of 1960.
The money brought to $2,472,070
the amount of money the state
received from bonuses, royalties
and rentals of mineral lands man
aged by the federal government
within Alaska during 1960.
Alaska gets 90 per cent of the
federal recipts.
Superase Bond Typing Paper
For Sale at The Nugget
Scientific Research in Alaska’s Wastelands Will Pave Way
For Future Atomic Excavations of Man-Made Harbors
RICHLAND. Wash. — A Gen
eral Electric scientific team is
back from the wild wastes of the
Arctic Circle after spending near
ly four months gathering data
that should unlock secrets about
that little-known region and help
pave the way for future atomic
excavations of man-made har
bors.
Hanford laboratories scientists
and technicians participated for
the second time in the Atomic
Energy Commission’s Project
Chariot plan to blast a test harbor
out of the desolate Alaskan coast
line with underground nuclear ex
plosives sometime in 1962.
250 Miles North of Nome
Operating from a base camp at
the site of the proposed blast
some 250 miles north of Nome, at
the mouth of Ogotoruk Creek and
100 miles beyond the Arctic Cir
cle, the Hanford group collected
more than 1,500 samples of plants,
birds, fish, animals, soil and
water which are now being ana
lyzed in General Electric’s Han
ford laboratories.
The Hanford scientists teamed
with otherd government, univer
sity and private research groups
for one of the largest and most in
tensive investigations ever under
taken of plants and animals in
relation to their environment. It
also marks the first time that
such environmental studies have
ever been held prior to an atomic
blast.
The preliminary findings will
determine the best time of year
to perform the test to assure
minimal effects upon the biolog
; ical system of the area, enable
experts to measure and compare
the after effects of the explosion
on all forms of life in the remote
area, and thus help prove the
easibility of such atomic earth
moving projects in other parts of
the world.
One of Hanford group’s re
search objectives was a study of
the biological, physical and chemi- |
cal characteristics of the fresh- j
water systems within, a 10-mile j
radius of the campsite. This in- '
vestigation included determina
tion of the kinds, numbers and
life-cycles of plants, animals and !
insects dwelling in ponds and
streams.
Unknown Insects Found
In addition, extensive surveys
were made of land-living inverte
brates, principally insects, as to
their comunity structures, popu
lation densities and relation to [
plant life. J. J. Davis, who head
ed the General Electric team, re
ported that some species of in
sects found previously were un
k lown to science.
One of the more interesting dis
coveries reported was the dif
ference in concentration of radio
isotopes among species of birds
living in the same area. This
probably could be explained by
variances in eating habits and
other ecological factors, Davis
said.
Also, the radiation level in the
northern region measured higher
than in areas of Washington
state with comparable amounts of
rainfall, one of the main factors
in fallout. This likely could be
traced to Russian nuclear tests,
the General Electric scientist re
ported.
Plans for the proposed harbor
detonation call for nuclear devices
with the combined explosive force
of some 460,000 tons of TNT to
be set off simultaneously at
depths ranging from 400 to 800
feet underground. Estimates are
that about 90 million cubic yards
of earth will be dug up, clearing
a harbor 750 feet by 2,000 feet
with a turning basin 1,500 feet
across.
Project Chariot officials expect
that more than 90 per cent of
any radiation will be trapped be
neath the earth and will not reach
surrounding areas.
George W ashington, Sam Houston, Names on Immortal Roster
Early Leaders Set Citizen-Soldier
Standards for Duty in Peace or War
George Washington, at the
age of 22, commanded a Vir
ginia Militia regiment in the
French and Indian Wars. Even
as a young man, Washington
believed in a principle which he
later in life expressed in these
words: “Every citizen who en
joys the protection of a free
government owes not only a
portion of his property but even
of his personal services to the
defense of it.” Today, George
Washington’s Birthday is also
widely observed as “National
Guard Muster Day.” On “Mus
ter Day” the National Guard
salutes the memory of the First
President militiaman in the
“civilian-soldier” tradition.
* * *
Sam Houston is remein
hered chiefly as the archi
ve c t of Tex
as Indepen
dence. Less
known is that
following War
of 1812 service
under Gener
al Andrew Jack
son he became
t h e Adjutant
General of Ten
nessee. He was
r^r, -_»,-s7 Tennessee’s No.
1 soldier from
1318 until 1823
when he entered the United
States Congress.
* * *
In the Mexican War a cry
rang out above the din of battle
on a fateful day at Buena Vista,
“Stand Fast, Mississippians!”
This was the beginning of the
legend of the famed Mississippi
Rifles whose commander was —
Colonel Jeff Davis.
* * *
Pitted against each other un
der the grim sky at Antietam
on September 17, 1862, were the
69th New York and the 4th Ala
bama. It was a fitting symbol
of the Nation re-united when
these two regiments, redesig
nated the 165th Infantry (New
York) and 167th Infantry (Ala
bama) fought shoulder-to-shoul
der in France during World War
I, with the famed 42nd Rainbow
Division. “We are young men of
promising pasts, but durned un
certain futures,” a young sol
dier wrote in Ohio Rainbow Re
view. By the time the Armistice
brought WWI to a close the
Rainbow Division was among
those rated as toughest by the
German High Command. Six of
the eight “toughest” were Na
tional Guard divisions.
* * *
The 1940-41 mobilization of
the Guard immediately doubled
the size of the Army. Nearly
80,000 Guardsmen were commis
sioned officers by the time they
left active service. Twenty
WWII Guardsmen earned the
nation’s highest award for val
or, the Medal of Honor.
The first Guardsmen to see
action in World War II were
tankers and coast artillei'ymen
who fought valiantly in the fall
of the Philippines. Artillerymen
from Texas were diverted to the
Dutch East Indies where many
volunteered for duty as B-17
gunners in the early, grim days
of “too little, too late.”
* * *
Nine National Guard Divi
sions saw service in the Pacific
and nine went to the ETO. The
only U. S. WWII division with
a name instead of a number was
the “Americal” (for Americans
in New Caledonia). The hard
core of this division, which
saved Henderson Field on Gua
dalcanal, were National Guard
regiments from North Dakota,
Massachusetts, and Illinois.
* * *
In looking back at 34 cam
paigns, seven assault landings
in WWII, Secretary of War
Robert P. Patterson remarked,
“The' soldiers of the National
Guard fought in every action in
which the Army participated
from Bataan to Okinawa. They
made a brilliant record on every
fighting front. They proved
once more the value of the
trained citizen-soldier.”
At A r 1 i n g
ft o n, Virginia,
the Colors were
symbolically re
turned to the
States by Presi
dent Harry S.
Truman on No
vember 11,
194 6. As he
launched the
post - war Na
. > tional Guard in
/ - to the era of
the Cold War,
he said, “I return these colors
to the National Guard. I hope
they will use them to train
young men in the interests of
peace and in the welfare of
the country.
“And,” added the onetime
captain of artillery of the Mis
souri National Guard, “I am
sure they will do just that.”
From 44 federally-recognized
individuals enrolled in the Na
tional Guard in June, 1946, the
membership swelled to 369,489
(including 44,728 in the Air
National Guard) at the time of
the outbreak of hostilities in
Korea, four years later.
* * *
Called up in the “partial mo
bilization” of the Guard for
Korea: Approximately one-third
of the Army National Guard,
about 85% of the Air Guard.
California’s 40th Division and
Oklahoma’s 45th Division were
soon on the battle line in Korea.
From Arkansas and Texas the
136th Fighter-Bomber Wing
was early into the fight. It was
not until February 1956, two
and a half years after the
Armistice that the last National
Guard unit called in the emer
gency was released to State
control.
* * •
During 1960
both Army and
Air Nation
al Guard units
took part in
important train
, ing exercis
es conducted by
the active
forces. For the
Air G uard
there was “Op
eration Bright
Star/Pine Cone
III,” an impor
tant tactical air support test.
The Tactical Air Force em
ployed was commanded by a
New Jersey Air Guardsman,
Brigadier General Donald J,
Strait. Another major accom
plishment was the airlift of a
complete Utah Army National
Guard Artillery battalion from
Hill Air Force Base (Ogden) to
Puerto Rico, 3,500 miles. This
was in “Operation Big Slam/
Puerto Pine,” and marked the
first airlift of an Army Na
tional Guard battalio n-size
force over a great distance in
an Active Army maneuver. The
exercise was a 100% success
and prompted a Utah newspa
perman to write, “We can no
longer think of the National
Guard as a Monday night sanc
tuary for . . . (our) . . . young
men . . . Different is the fact
that they can now boai’d an air
plane and be on a foreign shore
within hours, equipped and
ready to defend freedom . .