AMERICA’S FINAL WORD
TO GERMANY
Following is the official text of the
latest American note to Germany re
garding submarine warfare, which was
delivered to the foreign office at Ber
lin by Ambassador Gerard:
The Secretary of State to Ambassador
Gerard:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, D. C.. July 21, 1915
You are instructed to deliver text
ually the following note to the ministet
of foreign affairs:
The note of the Imperial German
4 government dated the 8th of July, 1915
has received the careful consideration
of the government of the United States
and It regrets to be obliged to say that
It has found it very unsatisfactory, be
cause it fails to meet the real differ
ences between the two governments
and indicates no way in which the ac
cepted principles of law and humanity
may be applied in the grave matter in
controversy, but proposes, on the con
trary, arrangements for a partial sus
pension of those principles which vir
tually set them aside.
The government of the United States
notes with satisfaction that the Imperial
German government with regard to its
announcement of a war zone and the
use of submarines against merchant
men on the high seas—the principle
that the high seas are free; that the
character and cargo of a merchantman
4 must first he ascertained before she
can lawfully be seized or destroyed,
and that the lives of noncombatants
may in no case be put in jeopardy un
less the vessel resists or seeks to es
cape after being summoned to submit
to examination; for a belligerent act
«f retaliation is per se an net beyond
the law, and the defense of an act as
retaliatory Is an admission that it Is
illegal.
The government of the United States
t is, however, keenly disappointed to
find that the Imperial German govern
ment regards itself as in large degree
exempt from the obligation to observe
these principles, even where neutral
vessels are concerned, by what it be
lieved the policy and practice of the
government of Great Britain to be in
the present war with regard to neutral
commerce. The Imperial German gov
ernment will readily understand that
the government of the United States
cannot discuss the policy of the gov
ernment of Great Britain with regard
Ut to neutral trade except with that gov
ernment Itself, and that it must regard
the conduct of other belligerent gov
ernments as irrelevant to any discus
sion with the Imperial German gov
ernment of what this government re
gards as grave and unjustifiable viola
tions of the rights of American citizens
by German naval commanders.
Illegal and inhuman acts, however
^ justifiable they may be thought to be
against an enemy who is believed to
have acted in contravention of law and
humanity, are manifestly indefensible
when they deprive neutrals of their
acknowledged rights, particularly when
they violate the right to life itself. If
a belligerent cannot retaliate against
an enemy without injuring the lives of
neutrals, as well as their property, hu
' manlty, as well as justice and a due
regard for the dignity of neutral pow
ers, should dictate that the practice be
discontinued. If persisted in it would
in such circumstances constitute an
unpardonable offense against the sov
ereignty of the neutral nation affected.
The government of the United States
Is not unmindful of the extraordinary
conditions created by this war or of
the radical alterations of circum
stances and method of attack produced
by the use of the instrumentalities of
naval warfare which the nations of the
world cannot have had in view when
the existing rules of international law
were formulated, and It is ready to
make every reasonable allowance for
* these novel and unexpected aspects of
p war at sea; but it cannot consent to
abate any essential or fundamental
right of its people because of a mere
alteration of circumstance. The rights
of neutrals in time of war are based
upon principle, not upon expediency,
and the principles are immutable. It
Is the duty and obligation of belliger
ents to find a way to adapt the new
circumstances to them.
The events of the past two months
have clearly indicated that it is pos
sible and practicable to conduct such
submarine operations as have char
acterized the activity of the Imperial
German navy within the so-called war
zone In substantial accord with the ac
cepted practices of regulated warfare.
The whole world has looked with in
terest and increasing satisfaction at
the demonstration of that possibility
* by German naval commanders. It is
manifestly possible, therefore, to lifl
P the whole practice of submarine attack
above the criticism which it has
aroused and remove the chief causes ol
offense..
In view of the admission of illegality
made by the Imperial government when
it pleaded the right of retaliation in
defense of its arts and in view of the
manifest possibility of conforming to
the established rules of naval warfare,
the government of the United States
cannot believe that the Imperial gov
ernment will longer refrain from dis
avowing the wanton act of Us naval
commander in sinking the Lusitania
or from offering reparation for the
Ameircan lives lost, so far as repara
tion can be made for a needless de
struction of human life by an lllegnl
act.
The government of the United States
while not Indifferent to the friendly
spirit in which It Is made, cannot accept
the suggestion of the Imperial German
government that eertain vessels he
designated and agreed upon which
shall be free on the seas now Illegally
proscribed. The very agreement would,
by Implication, subject other vessels
to illegal attack and would be a cur
tailment and therefore an abandonment
of the principles for which this gov
ernment contends and which In times
of calmer counsel every nation would
concede as of course.
The government of the United States
and the Imperial German government
ai;e contending for the same* great ob
ject, have long stood together in urg
ing the very principles upon which the
government of the United States now
so solemnly insists. They are both
contending for the freedom of the seas.
The government of the United States
will continue to contend for that free
dom. from whatever quarter violated,
without compromise and at any cost.
It invites the practical co-operation of
rhe Imperial German government at
this time when co-operation may ac
complish most and this great common
object be most strikingly and effective
ly achieved.
The Imperial German government
expresess the hope that this object
may he In some measure accomplished
even before the present war ends. It
can he. The government of the United
States not only feds obligated to In
sist upon it, by whomsoever violated
or ignored, and in the protection of Its
citizens, hut is also deeply interested
in seeing it made practicable between
the belligerents themselves, and holds
itself ready at any time to act as the
common friend who may he privileged
to suggest a way. In the meantime
the very value which this government
sets upon the long and unbroken
friendship between the people and gov
ernment of the United States and the
people and government of the German
nation impels it to impress very solem
nly upon the Imperial German govern
ment the necessity for a scrupulous
observance of neutral rights in this
critical matter. Friendship itself prompts
it to say to the Imperial government
that repetition by the commanders of
German naval vessels of acts In con
travention of those rights must ho re
garded by the government, of the
United States when they affect Ameri
can citizens as deliberately unfriendly.
LANSING.
HSU HIE HER HH6EH
The cannibal fish, or man-eating
fish, is on the rampage again in South
America and has just bitten olT the fin
ger from the right hand of Dr. Kinllie
Snethlage, the woman director of zo
ology of the Goeldi museum, t’ara.
Members of Col. Roosevelt's South
American expedition passed through
jl’ara. While there they visited the
j Goeldi museum and saw a collection of
Amazonian fauna formed by Dr. Sneth
lage.
Soon after the departure of Col.
Roosevelt and party Dr. Snethlage
started out on an expedition to the un
explored country of the upper Xingu.
She was absent for about seven
months. Within a month after leaving
Para, sho says, she was attacked by a
piranha, a small man-eating fish of
South America, which took off at one
bite the middle finger of her right
hand.
CoJ. Roosevelt described this fish in
a lecture before the members of the
American Museum of Natural History
last December. He told of a boy who
went In swimming and was attacked
in midstream. Before relief could be
sent to him the boy was not only
killed, but half eaten.
Don’t forget the big special sale at
Holt's Cash Store.
Bill heads, statements, letter heads
and envelopes. Have them printed at
the Nugget office. w
| FIRST LAW CODE, 2500 B. C.,
BEING TRANSLATED AT YALE
A Babylonian tablet, believed to have
been buried in the earth more than fou:
thousand years And containing the
earliest law code, recently has been
unearthed, and is now in possession ot
Vale university. The tablet is heavily
encrusted but part ot it has been clean
ed und deciphered.
The laws are written in the Sumerian
language, the language of southern
Babylonia, prior to Its conquest by the
Semites or Aceadians in the time of
Hammarabl. Owing to the imperfect
knowledge of the language, the work of
deciphering is extremely difficult, but
the university expect* to have complete
translations made and published.
These laws are believed to have been
written about 2500 B. C.
No. 187.
NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT OF
FINAL ACCOUNT.
UNITED STATES COMMISSIONER’S
COURT FOR CAPE NOME PRE
CINCT, TERRITORY OF ALASKA,
SECOND DIVISION.
In the Matter of te Estate of Patrick
D. Winter, Deceased.
Notice is hereby given that E. V.
Winter, administrator of the estate of
Patrick D. Winter, deceased, has filed
in this court his final account of his
administration of said estate; that
Tuesday the 19th day of October, 1915,
at 2 p. m. of that day, at the court
room of said court in Nome, Alaska,
has been appointed by the court for
the settlement of said account, at
which time and place any person in
terested in said estate may appear and
file exceptions thereto, and contest the
same.
Dated this 18th day of August, 1915.
JAMES FRAWLEY,
Judge of Probate.
Aug. 19, 26, Sept. 2, 9.
FOR SALE—Piano. Inquire at Nug
get office.
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Professional Gards
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SAILINGS FOR SEASON 1915.
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Sailing dates of Freight Steamers from Seattle calling at Nome.
»
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i! Hcvada ij
ELITE HOTEL AND BATHS
Steam Heated. Electric Lighted. The beat service assured gueets.
The best hotel to stop at while in town.
STEAM AND SHOWER BATHS IN CONNECTION.
Moonlight water used throughout. Open all night
COR. FRONT AND B STREETS. J. M. MONAHAN, Prop.
BARBER SHOP with 2 chairs and other fixtures for rent at the
ELITE BATHS.
Cbe lobby |
THE LARGEST STOCK OF
IMPORTED WINES LIQUORS & CIGARS
Scotch Whiskey, a specially 01' Curio, 20 years old, Wm. IV, Haig
Haig * * * * * Perfection Johnn e Walker, Mortach, Black and White,
Dewar’s Special, Seattle’s Best Beer, White and Gold. Smoke M. and
W. Cigars. The best in the market.
Phone Main 49 J. D. JOUR DEN, Prop.
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