CO-OPERATIVE STORES ENDORSED
BY IfiF’ABTMENT 9F AGRICULTURE
REASONS FOR SUCCESS AND FAILURE
WASHINGTON,—Indorsement of
the co-operative stores system, ns
tending to bring lower prices, small -i
margins of profit, and more efficient
business methods, is made today in a
bulletin of the United Stales Depart
ment of Agriculture, Bureau of Mar
kets.
The fact that co-operative mercan
tile enterprises have been less suc
cessful in the United States than in
any other nation is held to be due to
the underlying principles but to the
business methods employed In this
country.
In the many American co-operatht
stores which have failed, mismanage
ment, inadequate accounting, auditing,
lack of co-operation, poor business
methods and luck of Judgement is
"euponsible, the bulletin states.
The result of the survey indicated
that the co- iperatlve store has tended
‘o bring about lower prices, smaller
..r.rgins of profit, more efficient busi
tss methods, and other practices
icnefieial to the farmer. Higher fig
uies are quoted frequently for produce
sold by farmers in communities in
which co-operative stores exist be
•ouse of the stipulation of the local
narket.
Instances aro cited of unusual sav
ing and large dividends to members
of various associations. Such associ
ations procure capable managers by
paying adequate salaries, it Is stated;
take advantage of large sales purehas
r.g and cash discounts, maintain pro
per accounts and cost records and
watch stock turn-overs.
The co-operative 3tore In general,
i? is said, has very great possibilities
in this country if the farmer can bo
ifiado to understand thiis necessary
relation of efficiency to financial sue
cess.
In su.-nmarzing for conditions neces
saiy for success the bulletin states:
"The there gencrul underlying con
ditions which investigators indicated
should be present If a co-operative
store should be successful, are; fl>-st
good leadership among the members
and prospective members, second,
capable management, third, favorable
environments with regard both to
physical location and to social occu
pational affiliations, and four, ade
quate legal safeguards. The leader
ship 3hould not be confined to noe
individual, the serving of whose con
nection with the enterprise might
prove disastrous, but should sonsist In
an efficient organization in which a
group of lenders takes part.
“Only a man of good general busi
ness ability should be placed in active
management of the sort. The secur
ing of such a man will involve the
payment of a higher salery than is
puid by most of the stores investigat
ed. The average salary of the man
ager for the enterprises reported was
$106 a month.
"In some of the mo3t successful co
operative stores Investigated the com
mon employment of many of the res
idents of a community or their com
mon membership in social, fraternal,
or religious associations was an im
portant factor making for success. |
Laws granting special privileges and
creating special safeguards for co
operative associations now exists in
thirty states. l’et'3ons contemplating
the organization of co-operative stores
are urged by the department's spec
ialists to consider carefully all these
factors before taking detlnite steps.”
V:siting Cards at the Nugget Office
AMERICAN CAPITAL IN CUBA
IN SUGAR PLANTATIONS—
TRADE WITH U. S. INCREASES
Pacific New* Service, Waeh. Bureau.
WASHINGTON,—That consider
able Amerioan capital quite recently
has been Invested on the Island of
Cuba, owing to its various coinmerical
and industrial posslbiliies, Is stated
by United States Consul Griffith sta
tioned at Santiago.
"Quite a number of the largest and
best known sugar plantaitnos and
mills In this district have been pur
chased at large figures,” says the con- ]
sul in a report reccntyl made pubic,
"and considerable virgin land has
been acquired for immediate develop
ment. Many new Improvements are
contemplated and others are under
way, and those Interested seem to be ,
working in a systematic and econonil- :
cnl manner, thus preparing them
selves to meet such conditions after
the war as may result in any decrease
In the price of sugar.
The general export and Import
trade of the United States with Cuba
has been constantly Inceaslng. Since
ihe war many commodities formerly
imported from Europe have been cur
tailed, and some have been stopped al
together. It Is hoped that such arti
cles as have been replaced through
necessity by those manufactures In
the United States will satisfy the
tastes and demands of the Cuban
merchant and consumer to such an
extent that now business conectlons
established may permanetly endure."
The sugar acreage has been mater
ially increased on the island as a re
sult of the high prices that have ruled
since the war in Europe started the
report continues.
Calling Cards at the Nugget Office
ENGLISH POTTERY
INDUSTRY CONTINUES
IN SPITE OF WAR
Pacific New3 Service, Wash. Bureau
WASHINGTON,—The manufacture
and sale of pottery in England has
not been effected by the war to any ap
preciable extent. Exports from the
United Kingdom for the month of Sep
tember were valued at $1,275,699 a
material Increase compared with the
values for the corresponding month in
1915 and 1914, $818,915 and $742,389
respectively, according to reports from
American consuls in Great Britian.
For the nine months ending September
30, 1916 the total value of the exports
of these wares, $9,473,000, was in ex
cess of that for the corresponding per
iod of 1915 to the amount of over $2,
000,000. $1,425,000 worth of potterj
was exported to the United States
during the first nino months of the
present year.
Subscribe for the Nome Nugget
$ 2.00 per month.
AMERICAN SALMON
PLANTED IN RIVERS
OF NEW ZEALAND
Pacific News Service, Wash. Bureau.
WASHINGTON.—The quinnat sal
mon, indigenous to the Pacific const
of North America, has been success
fully Introduced Into the rivers of
New Zealand, and the Minister of Mar
ine of those Islands is cooperating with
fish packers In an effort to ultimately
supply the Australian demand for sal
mon, Consul Winslow, at Auckland,
has reported to the Department of
Commerce.
Quinnat salmon were flr3t introduc
ed in 1906 and fish have been taken
weighing 82 pounds and they are mul
tiplying rapidly under ideal conditions.
Australia ilmported 4,760.000 pounds
of salmon during 1900, all of which
came from the Pacific Coast of the
United States and Canada. New Zea
land alone took about 1,400,000 pounds
during 1914.
The duty on salmon is four cents
per pound from the United Kingdon
and possessions, and two cents ad
dlUenal from all outer countries. Also
a war tax of one per cent from nil
countries.
FRENCH BOYS PEHN
STUDY IN AMERICA
Pacific New3 Service, Wash. Bureau
WASHINGTON.—A French organi
sation recently formed, ha3 adopted a
plan to send commercial students to
the United States, guarantee them em
ployment, nad provide them with In
tinl funds, Commercial Attache Vadltz
it Paris, has reported to the Depart
nent of Commerce. The French
Trans-Atlantic Steamship line will
rrant low rates for such students.
Visiting Cards at the Nuagst Offlos
NORWEGIAN-AMERICAN
BANK STARTED TO TAKE
CARE OF NEW BUSINESS
Pacific News Service, Wash. Bureau ,
WASHINGTON.—The tremendous
trade that has sprung up between
Norway and Atlantic and Puciflc seu
poits of the United States since the
war started and that has given rise
to a general demand from various 1
business interests of the two countr'cs ^
for a Norweglan-Amerlcan bank in
the United States to facilitate the |
handling of credits and exchanges has '
resulted in the formation of such an
institution in New York, American
.Minister Schmedeman at Christiania,
has reported to the state department.
Norwegian bankers are Interested in
the project but ship owners, exporters
and Importers having interests In
North America will bo given an op
portunity to participate. The whole
capital is guaranteed, It Is stated, by
the participating banks and their re
presentatives will proceed to New York
to organize the bank. A considerable
portion of the capital is to be reserved
for Scandinavian circles in North Am
erica
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COMPARATIVE
TEMPERATURES
Following are the lowest recorded
temperatures for this year and last
on the days tC3lgnated. The minus
sign before a number meuns below
zero.
U. 3. Weather Bureau.
1918 1917
Jan. 1. —12 - 20
Jan. 2. —25 -28
Jan. 8 . —18 —28
Jnn. 4V . —17 - 84
Jan. 5. ,. ,. —20 -40
Jan 6. • • .... —0 —40
Jnn. 7. —17 -22
Jan $ 80 —80
I
BIG YIELD
Pacific News Service, Wash. Bureau.
WASHINGTON.—The Japanese De
partment of Commerce estimates the
probable rice crop of Japan for this
year as 288,661,640 bushels, which In
21,864,821 bushels above the average
yield, according to consular reports to
the Department of Commerce.
This year's crop will exceed any
rice crop for the last ten years ex
cept the record yield of 1914, which
amounted to 291,873,490 bushels.
HOW MUCH WILL A ROPE HOLD.
A new rope made of Manila hemp
has been tested at the U. 8. Bureau
of Standards. The rope was three
inches In diameter. It broke at a
load of 67,800 pounds
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