NEWEST NOTES
_OF SCIENCE
In the new rudloscoplc surgery of tho
war hospitals the surgeon is guided by
the shadow of the bullet instead of by
an X-ray picture. The special equip
ment designed by Dr. \Vullyamo2 in
cludes the X-ruy stand, with ti fluoro
Beope, and surgical instruments differ
ing front the ordinary in being bent at
a right angle. The patient is so placed
that the X-rays projected upward from
the bulb In the stand pass through the
wounded part and fall upon the fluoro
scopic screen. First locating the bul
let accurately by observations from
different angles, the surgeon guides his
probe so that the shadow at its point
touches the shadow of the bullet, then
cuts the skin, and, adjusting his for
ceps by the shadows, press It vertical
ly downward. Opening the forceps
and grasping the foreign body, any
kind of bullet of shell fragment can he
removed in less than a minute.
Some interesting facts in the rapid
development of the aeroplane were
lately brought to the notice of the Lon
don Royal Institution. In 1912, the
Cody machine, winning the military
prise, traveled at a maximum of 72 and
a minimum of 48 miles an hour, a
speed range of 33 per cent., and in 1914,
a Soywlth machine had maximum and
minimum speds of 92 and 37 miles, a
range of 60 per cent. The power re
quired for flying at 70 miles an hour
has been lessoned more than 10 per
cent by simply changing the shape of
the aeroplane wires from round to oval.
Haphazard invention has brought to
the United States results so marvel
ous that one can only vaguely wonder
what limits of achievement will be
reached in the dawning era of sci
entific research by trained specialists
wltti apparatus of the highest type.
The resarch laboratory of the Gen
eral Electric Company has already
put upon the market such epoch
making products as drawn-tungsten
wire, the nitrogen-filled lamp and the
Coodlldge X-ray tube and has just
made known the ’kenotron" rectifier
for high-pressure electric currents.
Rased upon a curious effect rioted by
Edison, the kenotron has been worked
out chiefly by Dr. Irving Langmuir. A
metal plate is sealed into a vacuum
bulb with a carbon or tungsten till -
ment and a current passes across the
high vacuum when the filament Is
charged negatively by an electric cur
rent and the plate positively, but
when the filament is made positive no
current passes. The so-called lier
mionic current is attributed to the pas
sage of a stream of electrons, or nega
tively charged particles about 1,800
times smaller than hydrogen atoms.
The kenotron changes, alternating Into
direct currents very effectively, but so
far has been ohleflv useful for produc
ing small direct currents at very high
voltages, as for X-ray work, precipitat
ing dust, etc.
The air's temperature range near the
earth's surface is given as about 131
degreed F.—or from 127.4 degrees ac
cepted as the highest reading for
(margin, Algerian Sahara, to 97.6 de
grees below zero at Verkhoyansk, Si
beria. Thermomenters not properly
shaded from the sun's direct rays are
thought to explain the higher tempera
ture.! reported by travelers. The very
lowest record is 135 degrees below zero,
but this is the register of a sounding
ballon at a height of 10 miles above
Java.
A new gasoline-electric automobile
depends for its power on n two-cyl
inder water-cooled engine connected
directly to u five-kilowatt genoratoi
operating ut 50 volts. The storagt
battery is in two sections, one-hull
being placed on each side of the chas
sis outside of the frame and the mo
tor Is connected directly to the real
axle through a double universal
Jolnted shaft and four to one reduc
ing gear. The car's total weight is
about 5,000 pounds. < >n ordinary roads
It can be run 20 miles by the battery
Without aid from tile engine and tests
have shown an average efficiency of
68.5 ton-miles per gallon of fuel.
The Are alarm siren heard 17 miles
from Its Colorado station is the rotor
of an electric motor. At 3,600 revo
lutions per minute air is driven through
12 apertures In the rotor casing with
the production of about 700 vibrations
p?r second, giving an extrordlnary pen
etrating note nearly two octaves high
er than middle C. As the alarm switch
interrupts the current the peculiar
wailing produced compels attention.
The venom of the poisonous serpents
that swarm the damp, hot forests of
Brazil is very curiously not affected by
the antidote serum of Dr. Calmette, of
Lille, and special serums for the pre
vention and cure of the effects of Bra
zilion snake bites are prepared by Dr.
Vital Brazil's 700-acre Serothcrapic In
stitute. Different venoms are produced
by the two chief families of snakes—
the Bothrops and the Crotales. An ac
count by Dr. Jacques Boyer states that
the Bothrops venom decomposes the
blood and causes internal demorrhage.
with great congestion of liver. kidneys
and hrnin, and the venom of the Cro
tales, or rattlesnakes, paralyzes respir
ation. circulation, usually causing
death within 24 hours. Serums are
prepared for each of these poisons, a
third -compound or polyvolent—being
made effective for any bite where the
kind, of snake is unknown. The in
stitute keepH its snakes in shelters in a
water-enelosed park, and healthy
horses and asses are injected witli their
venom in increasing doses every five
or six days for a year. The animals
tlius immunized supiy antidote serum
for a long period. Besides serums for
plague, diphtheria and tetanus, the In
stitute in 1913 distributed about 900
tubes of rattlesnake serum, 800 of Bo
throps, and 4,500 of polyvalent, and It
received 4,500 snakes.
A newly patented alloy of iron, boron
carbon and copper is claimed to be
practically no-corrosive, and, while
hard and tough, it can bp rolled into
sheets or easily machined without an
nealing. In preparing the metal, boron
is added to copper in greater amount
than will combine. Added to iron or
steel, the mixture forms a homogeneous
alloy; and 80 parts of Bessemer scrap
with 20 of the copper-boron mixture
give a metal that yields perfect and
easily worked castings in ordinary
moulds. t
In a novel combination of humidifier
and insect trap, an electric suction fan
draws flies and mosquitoes, or other
insects, into a wire cage, and n wet
sponge in the cage adds moisture to ttip
air passed on into the room. The In
sects are lured by n syrup-smeared
plate in the day and a lamp at night.
AT THE NEW EAGLE.
Old Lewis Hunter Aye and tha Fa
mous Atherton Bourbon whlaksya. Die
tilled luring 1M4-1M9. bought In band
•nd reduoed to 90 per cent, by U. B.
government by the bet*1* *e gallon.
To got tho ntwi road the Nuggat.
NEW SLED TO BRIN6 THE
ALASKA MAIL
SPOKANE—A sled, driven by an nlr
propeller, for the transportation of
malls In Alaska, Is the Invention of I.
H. McGregor, of Spokane, who will
leave shortly for St. Michael, Alaska,
with the first completed model of the
new Invention. The machine, known
as the Gale power sled, was built at
the Novelty Carriage works, and the
motor, which was formerly used In a
Curtis biplane here, Is of the eight
cylinder nlr-cooled type, generating 44
horsepower.
The new sled Is 13 feet long and the
wldets part is three feet. The body Is
made of 22-gauge steel. The drnwlngs
provide for five passengers, or for 147
cubic feet of carrying capacity. The
runners of the machine are detacha
ble and are four inches in width. Two
runners, six feet long, arc attached to
the front of the machine, and one five
feet long In the rear.
The Inventor has already tried out
I is model and claims that he has
proved Its ability. The completed ma
chine, which will be shipped to Alaska,
will be used to carry the mall between
Valdez and Fairbanks and St. Michael.
WHY WE Cl)
TOJHE RIGHT
Why do we kept to the right In this
country, and why do they keep to thf
left in Europe? The parades of these
conflicting trafllc customs is brought tr
the attention of the manufacturer ol
left hand drive nutomoblles every time
he receives an order from Europe, be
cause they always order a right hand
drive car.
In Europe, in the days of the spear
and sword, a horseman kept to the left
in meeting anyone In order that he
might have his adversary, if such he
proved to be, on the free or right.
In this country horseback was the
1 first general mode of travel because of
the almost Impassable roads. A horse
man In meeting his adversary kept to
the right in order to have the enemy
on the protected side, the horse's body
and neck forming a shield and his own
body protecting his gun arm.
Traffic custom did not become defin
itely crystalled until the advent of
the automobile, and then in Europe the
driver sat on the right side. In Europe
the arrangement was all right because
with the reverse traffic regulations the
driver was close to the vehicle tie was
passing.
FEARS THE ORIENT.
if the western tuitions were m dis
arm as one of the results of the pres
ent war, there would be real danger of
the Oriental nations becoming domi
nant, according to ex-Senator Bever
idge, of Indiana.
"Thirty years ago,” said Mr. Bever
idge, "that white man would have
been scoffed at who predicted an arm
ed, war-like and triumphant Japan. Yet
tiy the sword Japan has won the mas
tery of the east. China, is now being
reorganised and again made militant
by a capable power. Does anyone
doubt, therefore, that if the white
races were to disarm, Oriental domina
tion would follow? What nation is
akin to all other Occidental nations?
Is it not the United States? The slo
gan of world peace, the guarantee of
the preservation of the civilization of
Shakespeare and Oeothe, Moliere and
Dante is this: “Oet together, men of
the Occident. If we remain separate
we may be In danger. If wo combine
we are secure.”
Mining Edition of Nome Nugget, f.Oc j
per copy, J5.1M) per dozen.
The forthcoming number of the .Nomt
Nugget Mining Edition is progressing
nicely. It will undoubtedly he more
Interesting than any previous editions
and will contain many subjects other
than mining in fact a magazine de
picting the entire peninsula. An in
creased edition will be published tills
year and there will probably lie enough
for all, but to insure receiving your
copies it would be best to send In your
order at once, 50c per copy, or $3 00 a
dozen Hostage 5 cents per copy
HOFFMAN HOUSE.
Special dinner served Sunday.
Meals at all hours.
Family dining room in connection.
Home made bread for sale.
MRS. GINNIVAN. Prop.
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Professional Cards
IRVING M. REED.
U. S. MINERAL SURVEYOR,
Residence Seiffert Flats.
i Horseshoe \
! Geo. Hall <£. Albert Hartman, j
' Proprietors. '
PHONE MAIN 112
! LEWIS HUNTER RYE AND |!
J ATHERTON BOURBON (
' Direct from Bonded Warehouse ''
'< RAINIER DRAUGHT BEER \
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, and Cigars. J
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LEAVES SEATTLE
August 23rd
September 20th
October 18th
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September 4th
October 1st j
October 28th
aneewe^i tf'iii' --—
Sailing dates ef Freight Steamer* from Seattle calling at Nome.
CORDOVA, AUGUST 15TH. LA TOUCHE, AUGUST 15TH ;
Alaska S. S. Co.
_ R. A. CARROLL, Agent.
f i; ii'tniM '18*111 i rim in .a —~rr. r.-~ -
... "IIIMT't~"
S.S. Senator
; Sails Aug. 30
'MM' . lion senile:
Aug. 30 Aug. 15
Sap** 24 Sept. 10
Oak 21 Oct, 6
THROUGH TICKETS 80LD TO ALL POINTS IN CALIFORNIA
. * mrm AND east.
THIS COMPANY RE8ERVE8 THE RIGHT TO CHANGE THIS
SCHEDULE.
F. J. O'CONNOR, ALASKA LIGHTERAGE AND COM.
Com'! Agent, MERCIAL CO.,
Cer. Front et. 8t*adman eve. At Dock.
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VICTORIA CHOCOLATE8 \ \
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Candy Store : i
Ice Cream and Soda Water, > J
FURS FURS FURS J
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FURS. YOU KNOW HOW +
LOW PRICES ARE. GET f
THEM NOW AT THE
BESSIE STORE I
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TROJAN POWDER j
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► No Nitroglycerin Easily Stored
t ZENITH SHOVELS
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ftevada
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ELITE HOTEL AND
Steam Heated. Electric Lighted. The beat service assured guests. 5
The best hotel to stop at while in town.
STEAM AND SHOWER BATHS IN CONNECTION.
Moonlight water used throughout. Open all night B
COR. FRONT AND B STREETS. J. M. MONAHAN, Prop. |
BARBER SHOP with 2 chairs and other fixtures for rent at the ■
ELITE BATHS. 1
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Gbc Hobbs |
| THE LARGEST STOCK OF
IMPORTED WINES LIQUORS & CIGARS
Scotch Whiskey, a specially 01 Curio, 20 years old, Win. !V, Haig
Haig * * * * * Perfection Johnn s Walker, Mortach, Black s*nd White,
Dewar’s Special, Seattle’s Best Beer. White and Gold. Smoke M. and
W. Cigars. The best in the market.
Phone Main 49 J. D. JOU RDEN, Prop.
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