BIG WAR FLEETS
OF FORMER YEARS
There is no certainty as to the total
number of the allied fleet gathered at
the Dardanelles, but whatever the
number it is a mistake to say that it Is
the largest number of any naval fleet
ever assembled. The most formidable
no doubt, in tonnage, weight of metal
and other elements of offense, but not
the largest numerically.
At Da Hougue, May 19, 1692, tin
French had 76 vessels and the English
and Dutch allies 56-60. Blake had 46
vessels at Dungeness November 28
Sands, October 20, 1639, had 110 vessels
1662, against Van Tromp’s 98, and the
Dutch under Van Tromp off Goodwin
to 67 In the Spanish fleet. September
1, 1692, occurred what l^awson, In his
"Twenty Famous Battles” calls "the
most conspicuous gallant fight in all
anuals of naval warfare," when 63
Spanish vessels were fought single
handed at Flores, in the Azores, by the
English man-of-war Revenge, com
manded by Sir Richard Grenville, who
scorned to follow the other five Brit
ish line of battleships of Howard’s fleet
when they ran from what they regard
ed with reason as a hopeles3 fight.
The Spanish had 120 ships in the
Armada they launched against England
July 29, 1586, and the English a scratch
fleet of 179 vessels, mostly small ones
no match for the formidable Armada
which evidently expected to tow the
British islands home with them. At
Depanto, October 7, 1571, the Spaniards
had 300 sail and the Venetians 316.
► If we go still further back we And
at Aetlum, R. C., 31, 50 ships under
Mark Antony and 250 under Octavius
Caesar. The young Octavius won the
battle by his possession of more mo
bile vessels. The pirates at Illyria had
devised a light and powerful craft, long
and narrow, sharp at either end, with
a powerful ram, a mast in the centei
and two banks of oars. They were ol
light draught, easily handled, and pos
sessed one of the great indispensable
factors of naval success—speed, a fac
tor which can ever be disregarded Witt;
impunity in the construction of ships
This sort of vessel contributed largely
to the effective force of Octavius.
The largest fleets in numbers were
at Salamis, 581 B. C., when the Persians
had 700 vessels of the class considered
formidable in that day and the Greeks
380. These vessels were mostly tri
remes.-boats with three benches for the
rowers, and a mast that could be rais
ed or lowered by means of stays. This
mast carried square sails.
There was some chivalry in a naval
fight tn the good old days of Blake and
Van Tromp, when sneaking submarines
and barbarous torpedoes were unknown
and naval commanders "courted war
like a mistress.”
When the Spanish admiral Oguendo
declined to come out of the shallow
waters of Goodwin Sands to fight be
cause he had no powder Van Tromp
said: "I have powder enough for both
t will give him half of mine.”
"It is not only powder I need, but
masts for my ships,” replied Oguendo
To which Van Tromp replied: "I have
olenty of masts, a whole shipload of
them and you can have them if you will
only come out and meet me.”
The result Justified the caution of
Oguendo, for when the two fleets did
meet the Spaniards were so terribly
beaten by the Dutch that of 87 ships
>nlv 18 reached Dunkirk in safety.—
\rmy and Navy Journal.
Bill head*, statements. 'otter heeds
and envelopes. Have them t rlnteo a*
Nuaoet otBoe
THE PROSPECT
FOR COPPER
■ v *- • _
The hopes for a rally in copper that •
were recently entertained failed to be
realized and the price has declind fur'
hter. It appears that the buying of
ammunition in June, and earlier, was
much in excess of the immediate re
quirement, and although further con
tracts have probably to be made thi
buyers are more cautious, slower to act,
than they were. In the meanwhile pro
duction has increased to about the limit
of present refinery capacity. Domestic
consumption has failed to increase ma
terially. Although the producers have
already contracted to deliver a good
deal of the copper that they expect to
produce for a long while ahead, even In
1916, there remains a large supply of
current production to be sold, and the
excess of supply over demand is having
the natural effect.
Yet, the position of copper is funda
mentally sound. The stocks in the
hands of refiners are not increasing to
any disconcerting extent. There are
not believed to be any speculative ac
counts in the metal that have to be
liquidated. A big operation of that
sort that was conducted on the sharp
rise in copper, early in the spring, is
supposed to have been concluded before'
copper reached its highest point. There
has been no gossip of speculators buy
ing copper at the top and meeting with
the fate of some of the adventurers in
spelter and lead. Nor has there been
any considerable volume of speculation
in the shares of the popper stocks. On
the contrary, they have been conspicu
ous by the neglect of them and it is
well known that the standard issues
have hardly been selling for prices rep
resenting their liquidating value on ah
average of 14 1-2 to 15 cents for cop
per. Anaconda for example, has at no
time In 1915 sold so high as it did In
1914, before the war. There have there
fore been no great bubbles blown In
copper that must Inevitably explode.
Trying to look into the future certain
factors seem reasonably clear. The
production of Shuquicamata, Katanga
and Inspiration is going to increase. If
it appears, however, that the weight
of their production added to what is
being piled on from other quarters is
aMEEi1:..,, x. s.. ,i i*i. --
excessive, the large producers will prob
ably curtail. They learned in 1914 how
easy it is to do that, and there is no
longer the tendency that there used to
be to try to hog the market. On the
contrary, there is a better recognition
of the wisdom of operating for the
common welfare and therefore there is
now a spirit of friendliness among com
petitors.
So long as the war lasts there is1 go
ing to be a very large quantity of cop
per used for ammunition, but of course
such a consumption is not going to
maintain the copper industry of thf
world. The great uncertain factor at
the moment is tho consumption for
peaceful purposes, which is still below
iTormal, especialy in the United States
When is it going to revive? This coun
try is growing rich in money out of the
salo of its products and its labor at
high prices, and sooner or later that
money must be invested in Increased
means for transportation, in buildings
in -improvements, ,etc„ all of which will
require copper. The remarkable re
vival in the iron and steel industry
which can hardly be due wholly to mili
tary requirements, is conceived to fore
shadow this. Yet wo should not be dis
appointed if a great expansion in do
mestic peaceful Industry does not hap
pen right away. Such expansion must
be based upon the financing of bonds
and securities, and although we have
the means to do that the uncertainty ot
the times breed caution Next there
are the questions of men and of plant,
both of which are now occupied to a
large extent with military business.
The two things—war and peace—do
not conomically dovetail well together.
Many months ago the view was ex
pressed in the Journal that it would
bo better for the prospects for increase
in domestic business to have copper
hold around 15 cents than to have it
raised to 20 cents by military buying
We have seen strikingly how the ex
cessive rise in spelter—far more ex
travagant than the rise in copper
paralyzed ordinary commercial con
sumption. Thus a few producers prof
ited hugely, but to a large extent at th«
expense of peaceful Americans, nol
warring Europeans.
The only possible deduction frotr
these forcasts is that we shall proba
bly see copper at a lower level thar
it is now before the end of this year
although there will no doubt bo raliiei
on sporadic buying movements. Yei
there is nothing to be pessimistic about
Seventeen cents, or 16 cents, or ever
15 cents, is a fine price for oopper. Ii
the market holds around such levels ui
to the termination of tho war, every
I body ought to be satisAed. We And
! among experts in the trade a unanl
' mous opinion that upon termination ot
the war there will be a great demand
for copper.
HOFFMAN HOUSE.
Special dinner served Sunday.
Meals at all houre.
Family dining ream in connection.
Heme made bread far sale.
MRS. QINNIVAN. Prop.
Pursuant to an order of Court made
and entered on the 3rd of August, 1915,
notice is hereby given that a Special
Term of the District Court of the Dis
trict of Alaska, Second Division there
of, will be held in the Court House, In
the city of Nome, in the Division and
District aforesaid, commencing on
Monday, the 27th day of September,
1915, at the hour of eleven o'clock In
the forenoon, and continuing from day
to day thereafter according to the fur
ther orders of the Court,
Given under my hand and with the
seal of the Court affixed this 17th day
of August. 1916,
G. A. ADAMS,
Clerk of the District Court for the
District of Alaska, Second Division
Aug 17, 24, 81, Sept. 7.
| NOTICE j
i [ Messrs. Sundquist and Englund. < J
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S.S. VICTORIA
SAILING8 FOR SEASON 1915.
LEAVES SEATTLE
■
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~,'f rles them bo we brought them
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We will receive 250 patters ;:j
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Hills Pharmacy ||
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TROJAN POWDER |
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IMPORTED WINES LIQUORS & CIGARS
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