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Oify Official Paper
NOME. ALASKA, OCTOBER 1, 1916
The belief that the western allies
have at length aroused themselves to
the utter futility of attempting to whip
Germany by resting on their arms
seems confirmed by the reports that
they are still surging ahead with the
same Impetuosity displayed in the lat
ter days of the previous week. Wheth
er this is a mere "flash in the pan”
or not cannot be told as yet but from
the present display of dogged tenacity
and purpose one would judge that
they are at last seriously attempting
to bring the great struggle to the flnnl
issue. Throughout the preceding pe
riods of the war after the first great
rush which forced the invaders back
from Paris the Anglo-French armies
have seemed well content to remain al
most entirely on the defensive save
when the persistent activities of the
Germans forced them to adopt of
fensive measures as the only means of
protection against the Teutonic on
slaughts. This inactivity has con
tinued for more than a year and has
doubtless proven exceedingly costly as
well as entirely ineffectual in over
coming the foe. It is probably true
that the allies have been greatly
handicapped by a lack of sufficient
implements of war to meet their pow
erful and thoroughly prepared adver
saries on an equal footing, but the fact
that until recently they made no de
cided effort to overcome this difficulty
seems to indicate that they were either
not fully aware of their weakness in
this respect or else believed that time
anil certain economic conditions would
onablo them to triumph without an
exhorbitant sacrifice of men. In either
case time has proven the fallacy of
expecting to overcome a foe as well
sustained as the Teutons, who have
made war preparation the primary
business of their national life, by sim
ply sitting still and waiting for some
ing to happen. Germany lias refused
to be beaten by starvation and is ap
parently as well provided as In the
earliest periods of the struggle; in fact
j Tins seemed to grow continually strong- |
pr with the passage of time while her
opponents have displayed a relative I
growing weakness, culminating In the
recent frantic and most amazing of
fort to place themselves in a proper
state of preparedness. All has indi
cated that they were tieher not prop
erly estimating thstr enemy or else
I wore totally unable to see their own
weaknesses and recent developments
seem to indicate that the latter was
the case. Now, . however, they
where it Is borne upon them that
heroic measures will alone suffice to
prevent the enemy achieving a final
triumph. Germany must be whipped
by blows, not by waiting.
The announcement that a new river
has been discovered south of the
Tanana river by Mr. H. M. Eakin of
the geological survey brings again to
mind that we are really living on the
frontier In a new and little known
country. The improvements of mod
; era life and the dose association with
the things of more effete centers has
benumbed us to the fact that we are
really living in the very outposts of
civt.izatlon and that Just beyond ouf
immediate environs is a veritable
(Pirn 'ncognito; a w'ldtrress that is
alt e st unexplored. This "River of
Doubt " as some one lias suggested the
disc very of Mr. Enkin be named, lies
ir, a section thnt closely borders <>u the
long settled centers of the territory
and In close proximity to several of
the earliest established Interior com
munities nnd yet. In spite of years of
prospecting, it has remained un
repoted if not undiscovered. The
li.izz.'e of electric lights and the ready
communication afforded by the steam
ship. the telephone and the telegraph
have caused many of us to forget that
we are a long ways out on the edge of
things and it is only when something
..f his nature develops that we again
' ti.-iime aware that we are actually
the p'oneera of a new and as yet un
it ' <tvn land.
DREAMING.
I dreamed one night that I had died,
h.ui crossed the river cold and wide,
1 and sat at ease on t'other shore and
talked with Poe of Post Penore I
gossiped with the fumed and great,
who long ago had puljed their
freight from mundane scenes and left
renown which passing ages cannot
down. 1 talked with Shakespeare.
Pope and Scott, and all they said was
blooming rot. The Bard of Avon
talked away of how he used to sit
and play with cronies at the Blue Boar
Inn. and lubricate his works with gin.
The poet Byron came along; he didn’t
talk of Art or Song, but bragged,
until the light grew dim, of distances
he used to swim. And Scott bored
everyone to sleep by talking cattle,
swine and sheep. Their thoughts
were anchored to the past, to trifling
things that did not last. Their harps
were hung on rusty nails, while they
sat telling ancient tales. The only
one who talked of song, and kept it
up the whole day long would R. South
ey—and his lay would make mules
shy and run away. When morning
came I woke; said I, “This comes from
eating too much pie."—Walt Mason.
DECORATIONS FOR BRAVERY.
The Iron Cross, which is frequently
mentioned in dispatches from Berlin
had its origin during tile war with
Napoleon in 1813, At the suggestion j
of General Gneisenau, King Friedrich
Wilhelm of Prussia had these medals
made to be given to his soldiers who
had distinguished themselves for
bravery. It Is a Maltese cross of cast
Iron edged with sliver. The crosses
of 1813-15 bear the Initials, “F. W.” a
crown, and the date, 1813. Medals
struck in 1870, during the Franco
' Prussian war, have the single letter
“W,” for Wilhelm I, who became the
first German emperor. The award ol
the cross to the rank and file carries
with an allowance of three marks and
six pfennings (about seventy-five
cents) monthly.
For “conspicuous bravery in the pre
sence of tho enemy,” Great Britain
decorates her soldiers with the well
known Victoria Cross. The medal Is a
bronze Maltese cross, surmounted by
:i lion, and bears the inscription, "Foi
Valour," in a scroll When the cross is
given to a private or noncommissioned
officer, a pension of ten pounds goes
with the award.
The Legion of Honor is the only
order of merit that exist* in France
N'apoloon authorized the decoration In
1802, when he wns the first consul ol
the republic. The cross may be won
hv civilians for distinguished services
In times of peace ns well as by soldiers
on the battlefield. It consists of a star
of five double rays, which has ar
effigy of the republic and two tricolor
standard*, with the device, “Honneut
et Patrle.”
Empress Catherine II instituted the
Russian Order of St. George in 1769
for her officers of the army and navy
The order has now four classes for
commissioned officers and a fifth grade
for common soldiers. The cross Is
presented for taking a fortress or ves
sel. for conspicuous presence of mind
and for counsel that may lead to vic
tory It Is a gold-edged, white-enamel
Maltese cross, and It bears a red plaque
of fit. George and the dragon.
The Austrian Order of Marla The
resa Is a purely military one, and was
founded bv the famous empress ol
Austria in 1767, for officers who had
distinguished themselves In war. It
Is an enameled white cross edged with
gold. Inscribed In the center, round the
irms of Austria. Is the word, “Fortl
tudinl." Other decorations are thf
Japanese Order of the Golden Kite, thf
I Serbian Royal Order of the White
Eagle, and Belgium's elaborate Order
of Leopold
The Medal of Honor, which Congress
awards for unusual bravery. Is a five
pointed star that hears a medallion ot
Minerva, the Inscription. "Cnlted Stater
of America,” and a laurel wreath sur
mounted by the single word. "Valor'
The order dates from the Civil war It
Is given sparingly, and Is one of thf
most highly prized of military deeora
thins.—Youths Companion
SURROUNDING AN ARMY.
Those not fumlllar with military
tactics have a very vague Idea as to
how an army Is surrounded It Is gen
erally believed that a commander who
schemes to encircle the enemy witli
an impenetrable ring of guns and men
must conceive some method of man
euvering his troops round to the rear
of his opponent's army. It Is possible,
however, for a general well versed in
Held tactics to cleverly “roll up” a |
large body of troops by frontal attack j
alone. This is accomplished by means i
of flanking movements.
For purposes of example let us
imagine two armies facing one another
drawn up in two long lines. Behind
one of the battle lines a body of re
serve troops stealthily make their way
over to the right. Their purpose is to
make a sudden onslaught on one end
of the enemy's line. At exactly the
right moment, when the artillery fire
is at its fiercest, the reserve troops
violently attack the forces situated at
the extreme left of the enemy's front.
The attacking force, owing to Its over
whelming numbers, bends back the
end of the assailed army. "It refuses
Its right," as military men say.
At the opposite end of the line a
similar attack is launched, which has
the effect of forcing back the enemy’s
right. An army which “refuses" al
most at the same time its “left” and
"right" wings is doomed. Unless a
very speedy’ retreat is carried out the
whole force Is "rolled up,” ns both its
flanks are forced back.
As the right and left llanks of the
enemy give ground the attacking
troops slowly force their way to the
rear of the assailed army, closing In
the wlille. The result Is that within
a few’ tiours the defeated force is en
tirely surrounded, although In the first
Instance it was attacked from its front
alone. Pearson’s Weekly.,
The Nugget it boosting Noma
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FIRST SEEN 1*
THE n 17)4
The Slant of the Alaska range
beheld by Stellar in 1741 was Blount
St. Elias, and 151 years were to pass
before the Italian Duke of Abruzzl
planted his foot upon the summit after
Americans and Englishmen had vainly
tried to attain it.
Mount McKinley was first reported
n May. 1794, by George Vancouver,
the British navigator, who at the time
was surveying the head of Cook Inlet.
He described McKinley and Its nelgh
txir. Foraker, ns "distant stupendous
mountains covered with snow and ap
parently detached from each other."
The Busstnns called the greatest
mountain in their Alaskan doman
"Rulshaln Oora,” which means simply
"Great Mountain." and to the native
tribes tt was known at Denali, Dole
vka and Traleykr.
Princeton graduate, W. A. Dickey, a
prospector and miner, who explored
the Susltna river In 196, was responsi
ble for naming the great mountain
McKinley: and to the neighbor peak
Fapt. ,T. S. Herron. TT. S. A., gave the
name of Foraker three years later.
The first man who tried to scale Me
Kinlev was the Hon James Wicker
xham. Judge of the District of Alaska
rid now territorial delegate to con- \
'ress He was somewhat of a moun- I
tain ellmher. having “done” Mount I
Tlalnler but he got no higher on'the i
flank of the Alaskan Alp than 10.00h
feet. More than one desperate siege
was to he made of McKInlev hefore
l be "mashers” Thomas T.lovd and Pete
Anderson, gained the slightly lower
south summit and Dr. Stuck finally
won the supreme height Prof Her- 1
scliell Pnrker. of Columbia, and Bel
more Brown on their third sttemnt
Toll short bv a few hundred feet "One
•f the heroic episodes In the annals of
Alaska’s mountaineering.” Mr Brooks
alls their great adventure—Fx
AT THF NEW EAGLE
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