
 




 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-K
 
(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13
OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024
 
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION
13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from ____________
to ____________
 
Commission file number: 0-5278
 
IEH Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)
 
  New York   13-5549348  (State or other jurisdiction of  incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer  Identification No.) 
 
  140 58th Street, Suite 8E, Brooklyn, NY   11220  (Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code) 
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including
area code: (718) 492-4440
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act: None
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g)
of the Act:
 
  Title of Each Class:   Trading Symbol(s)   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:  Shares of common stock, $0.01 par value   IEHC   OTC Pink Market 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned
issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated
filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definition of
“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company”
in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
  Large accelerated filer   ☐   Accelerated filer   ☐  Non-accelerated filer   ☒   Smaller reporting company   ☒  Emerging growth company   ☐         
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on
and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section
404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
☐
 
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act,
indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to
previously issued financial statements. ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are
restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers
during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as
defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
 
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity
held by non-affiliates of the registrant on September 30, 2023, based on a closing price of $8.05 was approximately $9,912,000.
 
As of June 14, 2024, the registrant had 2,380,251 shares of its common
stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
None.
 

 
 


 
 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 


 
 
PAGE

 
 
 

PART I
 
1

ITEM
    1.
BUSINESS
1

ITEM
    1A.
RISK
    FACTORS
5

ITEM
    1B.
UNRESOLVED
    STAFF COMMENTS
17

ITEM
    1C.
CYBERSECURITY
17

ITEM
    2.
PROPERTIES
18

ITEM
    3.
LEGAL
    PROCEEDINGS
18

ITEM
    4.
MINE
    SAFETY DISCLOSURES
18

 
 
 

PART II
 
19

ITEM
    5.
MARKET
    FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
19

ITEM
    6.
[RESERVED]
20

ITEM
    7.
MANAGEMENT’S
    DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
20

ITEM
    7A.
QUANTITATIVE
    AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
25

ITEM
    8.
FINANCIAL
    STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
25

ITEM
    9.
CHANGES
    IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
25

ITEM
    9A.
CONTROLS
    AND PROCEDURES
25

ITEM
    9B.
OTHER
    INFORMATION
26

ITEM
    9C. 
DISCLOSURE
    REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
26

 
 
 

PART III
 
27

ITEM
    10.
DIRECTORS,
    EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
27

ITEM
    11.
EXECUTIVE
    COMPENSATION
31

ITEM
    12.
SECURITY
    OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
34

ITEM
    13.
CERTAIN
    RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
35

ITEM
    14.
PRINCIPAL
    ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
35

 
 
 

PART IV
 
36

ITEM
    15.
EXHIBITS
    AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
36    

ITEM
    16.
FORM
    10-K SUMMARY
37

 
 
 

SIGNATURES
38

 


i
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
 
Cautionary Statements
Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
 
This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and Section 27A of the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Any statements contained in this report that are not statements of historical
fact may be forward-looking statements. When we use the words “anticipates,” “plans,” “estimates,”
“expects,” “believes,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “will” and similar
expressions, we are identifying forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations
and projections about future financial events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations,
business strategy and financial needs. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factor
Summary” below, “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and may include
statements related to, among other things: macroeconomic factors, including inflationary pressures, supply shortages and recessionary
pressures; accounting estimates and assumptions; pricing pressures on our product caused by competition; the risk that our products will
not gain market acceptance; our ability to obtain additional financing; our ability to successfully prevent our registration with the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from being suspended or revoked; our ability to operate our accounting
systems effectively; our ability to protect intellectual property; our ability to integrate our satellite facility into our operations;
and our ability to attract and retain key employees. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance and you should
not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. Our actual results may differ materially from those projected in forward-looking
statements, as they will depend on many factors about which we are unsure, including many factors beyond our control.
 
Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or
intend to update or revise our forward-looking statements, and we assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained
in this report as a result of new information or future events or developments. Thus, you should not assume that our silence over time
means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. You should carefully review and
consider the various disclosures we make in this report and our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)
that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect our business.
 
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially
from the results and events anticipated or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
 


 
●
changes in the market acceptance
    of our products and services;

 
 
 

 
●
increased levels of competition;

 
 
 

 
●
changes in political, economic
    or regulatory conditions generally and in the markets in which we operate;

 
 
 

 
●
our relationships with
    our key customers;

 
 
 

 
●
adverse conditions in the
    industries in which our customers operate;

 
 
 

 
●
our ability to retain and
    attract senior management and other key employees;

 
 
 

 
●
our ability to quickly
    and effectively respond to new technological developments;

 
 
 

 
●
our ability to protect
    our trade secrets or other proprietary rights, operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others and prevent others
    from infringing on our proprietary rights; and

 
 
 

 
●
other risks, including
    those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 


ii
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
PART I
 

Item
                            1.Business:

 
IEH Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “IEH”
or the “Company”) began operations in New York, New York in 1941 and was incorporated as a New York corporation in March
1943, when Louis Offerman founded L. Offerman Tool & Die with his two sons, Bernard and Seymour.
 
In the late 1960’s, IEH bought a license to manufacture
Hyperboloid sockets, and began making printed circuit board (“PCB”) connectors for the defense and aerospace industries,
in accordance with the MIL-DTL-55302 military specification.  We have been making these connectors and variations of them ever since,
and today, we are one of the leaders in Hyperboloid connectors and contacts.
 
In use for nearly 50 years under demanding conditions, Hyperboloid
technology has proven itself to be the leading design for integrity and reliability. On avionics platforms, military and commercial aerospace
equipment, engine control systems, missiles and torpedoes, vehicular electronics, satellites and rocket launchers, medical devices, industrial
and environmental controls, test equipment, pin grid array (“PGA”) sockets and countless other rugged applications, Hyperboloid
aims to be the highest reliability connector available.
 
At IEH, we design and manufacture Hyperboloid connectors
that not only accommodate, but exceed military and aerospace specification standards. Years after inception, our Hyperboloid solutions
continue to prove their reliability and benefits. Our engineers have long provided reliable and innovative Hyperboloid interconnect solutions
for defense, commercial, aerospace and medical use.
 
We are a family managed business, as Louis’ great-grandson,
Mr. David Offerman, is the President and Chief Executive Officer, and we believe that we still manufacture the highest quality products
for the most demanding environments. But most importantly, we are always looking ahead. We are committed to developing new technology
that meets the demands of our fast-paced customers, and we are steadfast about always exceeding our customers’ expectations.
 
IEH serves customers in the United States and internationally.
Our customers include defense contractors, commercial aerospace equipment manufacturers, medical device manufacturers, oil and gas exploration
firms, and commercial space launch companies. We sell both directly and through distributors.  We maintain a Military Specification
QPL (Qualified Product Listing), and an ISO (International Standards Organization) 9001:2015 Certification.
 
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately
60.6% and 56.3%, respectively, of the Company’s sales were for defense applications, 27.3% and 25.7%, respectively, for commercial
aerospace, and 12.1% and 18.0%, respectively, for commercial space launch, medical, oil and gas and industrial markets.
 
New Product Development:
 
IEH continues to expand the scope and range of its PCB connector
offerings. We have also increased the breadth of our products by introducing high-speed connectors for data transmission, as well
as hybrid power/signal connectors.  New product developments are primarily driven by customer demand. IEH also continues to
specialize in custom interconnects designed specifically for customer applications.  Our engineers work in conjunction with customer
engineers to create, refine and manufacture connectors and interconnect solutions that meet their specific, demanding needs.  IEH
engineers are renowned for their flexibility and creativity in solving customer interconnect challenges and providing innovative solutions.
 


1
 

 
Marketing and Sales:
 
The market for connectors and interconnect devices, domestic
and worldwide, is highly fragmented as a result of the manufacture by many companies of a multitude of different types and varieties
of connectors and interconnects. For example, connectors include: printed wiring board, rectangular I/O, circular, planar coaxial, IC
socket and fiber optic. The Company has been servicing a niche in the market by manufacturing connectors containing Hyperboloid contact
designs in the printed wiring board style of connectors.
 
The Company is continuously experimenting with innovative
connection designs, which may cause it to alter its marketing plans in the future if a market should develop for any of its current or
future innovative designs. The Company is continually reviewing product lines being sold in the connector and interconnect marketplace.
We are committed to expanding our product offering and we consider that many of our current or future custom designs will become product
lines.
 
The Company’s products are marketed to Original Equipment
Manufacturers (“OEM”) directly and through authorized representatives and distributors serving primarily the Defense, Aerospace,
Medical, Space, Industrial, Test Equipment and Commercial Electronics markets. The Company is also involved in developing new connectors
for specific uses, which result from changes in technology. The Company assists customers in the development and design of connectors
for specific customer applications. This service is marketed to customers who require the development of connectors and interconnection
devices specially designed to accommodate the customers’ own products.
 
The Company is primarily a manufacturer and its products
are essentially basic components of larger assemblies of finished goods. During the year ended March 31, 2024, two customers accounted
for 29.9% of the Company’s net revenues, each represented 17.5% and 12.4%, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2023,
there was no individual customer whose revenue was 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues.
 
The Company currently employs 21 independent sales organizations
to market its products in all regions in the United States as well as in Canada, the European Union (“EU”), Southeast Asia,
Central Asia and the Middle East. These independent sales representatives also promote the product lines of other electronics manufacturers;
however, they do not promote the product lines of manufacturers which compete directly with the Company’s products. These sales
representatives accounted for approximately 78% of the Company’s net sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 (with the balance
of Company net sales being generated via direct customer contact).
 
International sales accounted for approximately 8.5% and
14.8% of net sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Approximately 19.4% and 39.8% of the aforementioned
international net sales for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, represent sales to customers located in China.
 
We also market our products and capabilities through our
website, www.iehcorp.com. Our product series HBH Hybrid Power/Signal Hyperboloid Connectors, has a configuration tool that allows
users to build their own hybrid connector and download 3D models to incorporate into their modules. 
 
Backlog of Orders/Capital Requirements:
 
Our customers typically enter into supply arrangements for
the purchase of our products which we will produce and deliver over time. On an as-needed basis, our customers place specific production
orders, and these orders are generally filled and shipped within twelve weeks. Our backlog consists of supply arrangements where the
anticipated unfulfilled shipping dates are within approximately twelve months. Because of the possibility of customer changes in delivery
schedules or the cancellation of orders, our backlog as of any particular date may not be indicative
of revenue in any future period. The backlog amounted to approximately $18,285,600 at March 31, 2024 as compared to $13,724,000 at March
31, 2023. The increase in total backlog as of March 31, 2024 compared with the previous year is primarily due to increases in defense
customer demand, driven in large part by the increased demand for defense programs that IEH participates in.
 


2
 

 
A portion of these backlog orders are subject to cancellation
or postponement of delivery dates and, therefore, no assurance can be given that actual sales will result from these orders. The Company
does not foresee any problems which would prevent it from fulfilling these orders.
 
Forward Looking Business Trends:
 
Our operations are subject to global economic and geopolitical
risks. For example, while the Company does not have a presence in these regions, the ongoing and evolving conflicts in Eastern Europe
and the Middle East have impacted economic activity as well as the availability and price of raw materials and energy. The Company continues
to actively monitor these factors and find ways to mitigate the impact on its operations.
 
For additional information on risk factors that could impact
our results, please refer to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
 
Competition:
 
The design, development, manufacture and distribution of
electrical connectors and interconnection devices is a highly competitive field. The Company principally competes with both large and
small companies who also produce high performance connectors in printed circuits and wiring boards for high technology applications.
The Company competes by adapting certain technologies to meet specific product applications, aiming to produce connectors cost-effectively,
and through its production capabilities. In addition, there are many companies who offer connectors with designs similar to those utilized
by the Company and are direct competitors of the Company.
 
The primary basis upon which the Company competes is product
performance and production capabilities. The Company usually receives job orders after submitting bids pursuant to customer-issued specifications
for connectors and interconnects. The Company’s bid can be for a new item that requires the item to perform under harsh environment
requirements or it can be for a standard catalog item. The Company also offers engineering services to its customers in designing and
developing connectors for specialized products and specific customer applications. This enables the Company to receive a competitive
advantage over those companies who basically manufacture connectors based solely or primarily on catalog specifications.
 
Some of the Company’s competitors may have greater
financial resources than the Company and no assurances can be given that the Company will be able to compete effectively with these companies
in the future.
 
Suppliers of Raw Materials and Component Parts:
 
The Company utilizes a variety of raw materials and manufactured
component parts, which it purchases from various suppliers. These materials and components are available from numerous sources and the
Company does not believe that it will have a problem obtaining such materials and parts in the future.
 
However, any delay in the Company’s ability to obtain
necessary raw materials and component parts may affect its ability to meet customer production needs. In anticipation of such delays,
the Company carries an inventory of raw materials and component parts to avoid shortages and to insure continued production. However,
as global supply chains continue to be constrained, there can be no certainty that we will not be affected in the future, and we believe
that there is risk that raw materials and supply chains will continue to be affected in fiscal year 2025 and beyond in part due to global
political uncertainty.
 
Additionally, inflationary pressures have been impacting
virtually all aspects of our materials and suppliers, including power prices and labor costs, and are likely to impact our fiscal year
2025 results.
 


3
 

 
Human Capital Management: 
 
Our employees are our greatest resource and an integral
component to our operations. Their health, safety and well-being are a priority for us.
 
Talent
 
We are focused on sourcing, attracting, and retaining talent,
especially those with technical backgrounds. We recognize and reward performance while continually working to develop, engage and retain
high-performing employees. We have made significant investments to provide ongoing training and career development for our employees.
We provide competitive compensation and comprehensive benefits.
 
As of March 31, 2024, we employed 155 people of which
154 are full-time employees. Most of the employees engaged in manufacturing and testing activities are covered by a collective
bargaining agreement with the United Auto Workers of America, Local 259 (the “Union”), which expired on March 31, 2024.
The Company and the Union have been negotiating a new collective bargaining agreement and on April 8, 2024 the Company and the Union
signed a Memorandum of Understanding setting forth the principal terms of a new three-year collective bargaining agreement. The
Company and the Union ratified the three-year bargaining agreement on June 10, 2024.
 
Diversity and Inclusion
 
We treat each other with respect and value each individual’s
unique perspective and background. We are committed to a culture where everyone belongs and diversity and inclusion drives business results.
Diversity is crucial to our ongoing success to manage our business.
 
Safety/Health and Wellness
 
We are committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment
for our employees. Aligned with our values, we strive to continuously monitor our work environment to keep our employees safe. We have
an open-door policy for all employees to report concerns or safety issues. Our commitment to employee safety also includes ongoing safety
communications with safety topics and providing safety training.
 
Governmental Regulations:
 
The Company is subject to federal regulations, principally
under the Occupational Safety and Health Act (“OSHA”), Defense Supply Command Columbus (“DSCC”) and the Defense
Logistics Agency (“DLA”).
 
OSHA provides federal guidelines and specifications to companies
in order to insure the health and safety of employees.
 
DSCC oversees the quality and specifications of products
and components manufactured and sold to the government and the defense industry. DSCC’s primary customer is the U.S. military.
Many of our products appear on DLA Qualified Products Listing (“QPL”). To remain qualified, the Company submits its products
to an outside testing laboratory approved by DLA which performs all required testing. After review by the Company of the testing results,
the data is then submitted to DLA. The Company and its products are only approved and remain on the QPL if the Company has passed all
testing requirements. Although DLA continuously requires suppliers to meet changing specifications, the Company has not encountered any
significant problems meeting such specifications and its products have, in the past, been approved. The Company is unaware of any changes
in the governmental regulations which are expected to materially affect the Company’s business.
 
The Company is also subject to various laws and governmental
regulations concerning environmental matters. Compliance with these federal, state, and local laws and regulations related to protection
of the environment has had no material effect on our business.
 


4
 

 
Available Information
 
Our website is www.iehcorp.com. On our website we make available
at no cost our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports
filed or furnished as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The
information contained on our website is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and not incorporated by reference herein.
 

Item
                            1A.Risk
                                            Factors:

 
In evaluating our Company and our business, you should
carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The occurrence of one or more of the events or circumstances described in these risk factors, alone or in combination with other events
or circumstances, may have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, revenue, financial condition, results of operations
or future prospects, in which case the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.
The material and other risks and uncertainties summarized in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and described below are not intended to
be exhaustive and are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem
immaterial may also impair our business. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks
and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of
a number of factors, including the risks described below. See the section titled “Cautionary Statements Concerning Forward-Looking
Statements”.
 
Risks Related to Our Business:
 
We operate in a niche industry and our business results
may vary from year to year depending upon, among other things, the nature of the ordering cycle of our products which makes it hard to
predict demand for our business and may adversely impact our business and results of operations.
 
We manufacture PCB connector offerings for specialized applications
and our customers include defense contractors, commercial aerospace equipment manufacturers, medical device manufacturers, oil and gas
exploration firms, and commercial space launch companies. Our products are typically a small part in a larger end product used by our
customers. Supply shortages or other factors impacting third party suppliers that supply different parts to our customers for use in
the same end product in which our product is used can impact demand for our products. In addition, due to the specialized nature of our
products, we often manufacture limited quantities of our products. Since we are producing customized products in smaller quantities,
we are not able to achieve economies of scale, unable to obtain bulk discounts on our orders for raw materials and sometimes the fulfillment
is delayed because our suppliers may prioritize larger orders. All of these factors may have an adverse impact on our business and results
of operations.
 
In addition, the ultimate end product in which our products
are used have long and irregular ordering cycles which may cause our business results to vary year to year. For example, some of our
products are used in airplanes which often are operable for about thirty years and thus are replaced over longer time horizons than many
other products and are susceptible to changes in the demand for travel. The ordering cycle for our customers is often irregular and hard
to predict. This makes it difficult for us to anticipate when demand increases will occur and adjust our business and ordering to accommodate
fluctuations in demand. If we are not able to ramp production up or down quickly enough in response to rapid changes in demand, we may
not be able to effectively manage our costs, which could negatively impact operating results, and we may lose sales and market share.
 


5
 

 
The loss of certain substantial customers could materially
and adversely affect us.
 
During the year ended March 31, 2024, two customers accounted
for 29.9% of the Company’s net revenues, each represented 17.5% and 12.4%, respectively. During the fiscal year ended March 31,
2023, there was no individual customer whose revenue was 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues. We believe that the loss of
one or more of our larger customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.  We
have experienced significant concentrations of customers in prior years. Furthermore, factors that negatively impact the businesses of
our major customers could materially and adversely affect us even if the customer represents a relatively small part of our net sales.
 
We may need additional financing in the future and
if we are unable to raise capital when needed, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our production or business efforts.
 
Although we have sufficient working capital in the short
term, we may need to raise additional capital in connection with our continuing operations through the debt or equity markets in the
future. If we are unable to raise capital when needed or on attractive terms, we could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate our business
efforts. Any capital raising efforts would also be impacted by our ongoing administrative proceeding with the SEC pursuant to Section
12 (j) of the Exchange Act instituted on August 17, 2022, and whether the SEC suspends for up to twelve months, or revokes, the registration
of our securities. Any additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely
affect our business. In addition, we cannot guarantee that future financing will be available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable
to us, if at all. Additionally, market volatility resulting from macroeconomic conditions or other factors could also adversely impact
our ability to access capital as and when needed. Moreover, the terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights
of our shareholders and the issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, by us, or the possibility of such issuance, may
cause the market price of our shares to decline. The sale of additional equity or convertible securities would dilute all of our shareholders
and may decrease our stock price. The incurrence of indebtedness could result in increased fixed payment obligations and we may be required
to agree to certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to
acquire, sell, or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct
our business. We could also be required to seek funds through arrangements with partners or others and we may be required to relinquish
rights to some of our intellectual property or otherwise agree to terms unfavorable to us, any of which may have a material adverse effect
on our business, operating results and prospects. If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, our business, financial condition
and results of operations may be materially affected.
 
Our past failures to prepare and timely file our periodic
reports with the SEC may limit our access to the public markets to raise debt or equity capital.
 
We did not file our Quarterly and Annual Reports for the
years ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 and the related quarterly periods until we filed a Form 10-K for these periods on June
22, 2023. The Quarterly and Annual Reports for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 and the related quarterly periods were not filed
until October 6, 2023. On November 30, 2023, we filed our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September
30, 2023. Since November 30, 2023, we have been current in our Exchange Act periodic reporting obligations. We are not currently eligible
to use a registration statement on Form S-3 that would allow us to continuously incorporate by reference our SEC reports into the registration
statement, or to use “shelf” registration statements to conduct offerings, until approximately one year from the date we
regain and maintain status as a current and timely filer. If we wish to pursue an offering now, we would be required to conduct the offering
on an exempt basis, such as in accordance with Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act or Regulation D promulgated there under, or file
a registration statement on Form S-1. Using a Form S-1 registration statement for a public offering would likely take significantly longer
than using a registration statement on Form S-3 and increase our transaction costs, and could, to the extent we are not able to conduct
offerings using alternative methods, adversely impact our ability to raise capital or complete acquisitions of other companies in a timely
manner.
 


6
 

 
The Company may have limited intellectual property
protection.
 
The Company possesses certain proprietary intellectual property,
including but not limited to, trade secrets, know-how and proprietary processes. The Company relies on this intellectual property, know-how and
other proprietary information, and requires employees, consultants and suppliers to sign confidentiality agreements. However, these confidentiality
agreements may be breached, and the Company may not have adequate remedies for such breaches. Third parties may independently develop
substantially equivalent proprietary information without infringing upon any proprietary technology. Third parties may otherwise gain
access to proprietary information and adopt it in a competitive manner. Any loss of intellectual property protection may have a material
adverse effect on the business, results of operations or prospects.
 
We are a niche manufacturer of highly engineered products
that are high value/short run, using a unique mix of labor and capital equipment.
 
Our engineers provide Hyperboloid interconnect solutions
for defense, commercial, aerospace and medical use. Our products are specialized and require special equipment and skilled workers to
operate our machinery. Our reliance on our skilled labor and capital equipment subjects us to a number of risks that could negatively
affect our ability to manufacture our products and harm our business, including interruption of supply. We expect our overall reliance
on our mix of labor and capital equipment to continue. Any significant delay or interruption in our mix of labor and capital equipment
could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers and could harm our business. With changes in demand, labor costs, and capital
equipment costs, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain the labor and capital equipment mix and therefore maintain
our margins.
 
A significant design, manufacturing or supplier quality
issue could adversely affect profitability. 
 
As a manufacturer of highly engineered products,
the performance, reliability and productivity of the Company’s products are some of its competitive advantages. While the Company
prides itself on implementing procedures to ensure the quality and performance of its products and suppliers, a significant quality or
product issue, whether due to design, performance, manufacturing or supplier quality issue, could lead to scrapping of raw materials,
finished goods or returned products, the deterioration in a customer relationship, or other action that could adversely affect costs,
future sales and profitability.
 
In December 2021, we opened a secondary facility in
Allentown, PA and if we are unable to successfully achieve the planned volume and operating capacity in this facility, our manufacturing
and business could be adversely impacted. 
 
In December 2021, we opened a new manufacturing facility
in Allentown, PA. We have commenced operations and have initially staffed and equipped the facility for targeted levels of production.
We expect to continue to add staff and equipment within the facility as we target higher levels of production at the facility. We will
need to hire additional personnel to staff and maintain this facility with the technical qualifications to do so. Labor is subject to
external factors that are beyond our control, including our industry’s competitive market for skilled workers. Cost, inflation
and workforce participation rates are additional factors that could impact our ability to effectively hire additional staffing. The failure
to achieve targeted levels of production at the facility and the failure to successfully hire and train qualified personnel for the new
facility could seriously harm our business and prospects. In addition, ramping up production at the new facility is time intensive, costly
and inefficient. If we are unable to successfully ramp up and operate at targeted levels, our business and results of operations may
be adversely affected.
 


7
 

 
A shortage of availability or an increase in the cost
of raw materials and other resources may adversely impact our ability to manufacture our products at cost effective prices and thus may
negatively impact profit margins.
 
Our results of operations may be materially adversely impacted
by difficulties in obtaining raw materials, supplies, power, labor and any other items needed for the production of our products, as
well as by the effects of quality deviations in raw materials and the effects of significant fluctuations in the prices paid. Many
of these materials and components are produced by a limited number of suppliers and their availability to us may be constrained by supplier
capacity.  In recent periods, we have seen the impacts of inflation drive up costs of materials and labor significantly. Any material
disruption to or continuing increases in prices of our raw materials and other resources could materially adversely affect our financial
results.  Profit margins will be materially and adversely impacted if we are not able to reduce our costs of production, introduce
technological innovations, or pass through cost increases to customers.
 
We may be subject to work stoppages at our facilities
or those of our principal customers and suppliers, which could seriously impact the profitability of our business.
 
Our unionized workforce and those of our customers and
suppliers may experience work stoppages during collective bargaining agreement negotiations. The Company and the Union have been
negotiating a new collective bargaining agreement as the current agreement expired on March 31, 2024. On April 8, 2024, the parties
signed a Memorandum of Understanding setting forth the principal terms of a new collective bargaining agreement. The Company and the
Union ratified the three-year bargaining agreement on June 10, 2024.
 
In the future, if we are unable to negotiate an acceptable
new agreement with the Union, upon expiration of an existing contract, we could experience a strike or work stoppage, which could seriously
impact the profitability of our business. Contingency plans have been developed that would allow production to continue in the event
of a strike but we cannot guarantee the effectiveness of such plans.
 
Our success is dependent on the performance of our
management and the cooperation, performance and retention of our executive officers and key employees.
 
Our business and operations are substantially dependent
on the performance of our senior management team and executive officers. If our management team is unable to perform it may adversely
impact our results of operations and financial condition. We do not maintain “key person” life insurance on any of our executive
officers. The loss of one or several key employees could seriously harm our business. Any reorganization or reduction in the size of
our employee base could harm our ability to attract and retain other valuable employees critical to the success of our business.
 
If we lose key personnel or fail to integrate replacement
personnel successfully, our ability to manage our business could be impaired.
 
Our future success depends upon the continued service of
our key management, technical, sales, finance, and other critical personnel. We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain them.
The loss of one or several key employees could result in significant disruptions to our operations, including adversely affecting the
timeliness of product releases, the successful implementation and completion of Company initiatives, the effectiveness of our disclosure
controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting, and the results of our operations. In addition, hiring, training,
and successfully integrating replacement sales and other personnel could be time consuming, may cause additional disruptions to our operations,
and may be unsuccessful, which could negatively impact future revenues.
 


8
 

 
We are a small business that competes globally in
a competitive industry that is highly fragmented.
 
The market for connectors and interconnect devices, domestic
and worldwide, is highly fragmented as a result of the manufacture by many companies of a multitude of different types and varieties
of connectors and interconnects. The Company has been servicing a niche in the market by manufacturing connectors containing Hyperboloid
contact designs in the printed wiring board style of connectors. The connector and interconnect device industry is competitive and fragmented and
includes numerous small organizations capable of competing in the markets we target. Although large companies tend to not compete directly
with us due to the customized and small batch nature of our business, large companies compete in adjacent industries and possess substantially
greater financial and other resources than we do. Larger competitors’ greater resources could allow those competitors to compete
more effectively than we can. Our competitors have successfully built their names in the industry in which we compete. These various
competitors may be able to offer products more competitively priced and more widely available than our offerings, and also have greater
resources to acquire members and suppliers than us. Failure to compete in the industry in which we operate would adversely affect our
results of operations.
 
Accounting Related Risks and Other Factors:
 
Management had previously identified and disclosed
material weaknesses within our internal control over financial reporting, which may lead to additional risks and uncertainties, including
stockholder lawsuits or other actions, loss of investor confidence and negative impacts on our stock price. Failure to achieve and maintain
effective internal control over financial reporting could result in our failure to accurately or timely report our financial condition
or results of operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting and for evaluating and reporting on the effectiveness of our system of internal control.
Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a public company,
we are required to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that govern public companies. In particular, we are required to
certify our compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires us to furnish annually a report by management on the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
 
As of March 31, 2024, our Chief Executive Officer and our
Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
However, because of the inherent limitations of any control system, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented
or detected and corrected on a timely basis, or at all. If we are unable to provide reliable and timely financial reports in the future,
our business and reputation may be further harmed. Restated financial statements and failures in internal control may cause us to fail
to meet reporting obligations, negatively affect investor and customer confidence in our management and the accuracy of our financial
statements and disclosures, result in events of default under our banking agreements, or result in adverse publicity and concerns from
investors and customers, any of which could have a negative effect on the price of our common stock, subject us to regulatory investigations
and penalties or stockholder litigation, and have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
 
Efforts to comply with the applicable provisions of
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
may adversely affect us and the market price of our common stock.
 
Under current SEC rules, we are required to report on our
internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are required to review on an annual basis
our internal control over financial reporting, and on a quarterly and annual basis to evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control
over financial reporting. In the event that we are unable to maintain or achieve compliance with the applicable provisions of Section
404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we may incur significant and additional expenses for remedial efforts that may negatively
impact our financial performance and such process may result in a diversion of management’s time and attention. As a result, we
and the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.
 


9
 

 
We identified certain misstatements to our previously
issued financial statements and have restated the financial statements described below, which has exposed us to a number of additional
risks and uncertainties.
 
On June 22, 2023, we filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Included therein, we reported that we had restated our previously issued audited
financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and our interim financial statements for the quarterly periods ended September
27, 2019 and December 31, 2019. We further reported that these restatements were in connection with the Company’s migration to
its then new accounting system, including the reconciliation of the old and new systems.
 
As a result of the misstatements and the restatement, we
have become subject to a number of additional risks and uncertainties and unanticipated costs for accounting, legal and other fees and
expenses, including risks of lawsuits. Any actions, lawsuits or other legal proceedings related to the misstatements or the restatement
could result in reputational harm, legal defense and other costs, regardless of the outcome of the lawsuit or proceeding. In addition,
we are at risk for loss of investor confidence, loss of key employees, changes in management or our Board of Directors (the “Board
of Directors” or the “Board”) and other reputational issues, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial position and results of operations.
  
The Board of Directors, members of management, and our accounting
and other staff previously has spent significant time on the restatement and remediation and will continue to devote significant time
on monitoring and enhancing control activities related to our internal control over financial reporting.
 
We may face litigation and regulatory action relating to
the restatement of our financial statements.
 
We cannot ensure that litigation or other claims by shareholders
will not be brought in the future arising out of the restatement of our financial statements. We may also be subject to further examinations,
investigations, proceedings and orders by regulatory authorities, including a cease and desist order, suspension of trading of our securities,
delisting of our securities and/or the assessment of possible civil monetary penalties. Any such further actions could be expensive and
damaging to our business, results of operations and financial condition.
  
RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPANY’S PREVIOUS LATE PERIODIC
FILINGS AND THE RELATED SEC’S ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDING PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(j) 
 
As a result of the Company’s previous late periodic
filings, on August 17, 2022, the SEC instituted an administrative proceeding pursuant to Section 12(j) of the Exchange Act to determine
whether it is appropriate to suspend for up to twelve months or alternatively to revoke the registration of the Company’s common
stock. IEH conducted a prehearing conference with the SEC’s staff, filed an Opposition Brief to the SEC Division of Enforcement’s
Motion for Summary Disposition, and although we are now current in our periodic reporting to the SEC and we have filed a Reply in Support
of our Motion for Summary Disposition, the ultimate outcome of the administrative proceeding may be adverse to the Company, and may result
in the suspension or revocation of the registration of our common stock.
 
Since November 30, 2023, we have been current in our Exchange
Act periodic reporting obligations. Previously, however, the Company was delinquent in its periodic reporting obligations and as a result
the SEC instituted administrative proceedings on August 17, 2022 (the “Order”) pursuant to Section 12(j) of the Exchange
Act to suspend or revoke the registration of our common stock. On October 3, 2022, we filed an answer to the Order and on October 13,
2022, we conducted a prehearing conference with SEC staff in the Division of Enforcement. On March 1, 2023 the SEC’s Division of
Enforcement filed a Motion for Summary Disposition, on March 15, 2023, IEH filed an opposition brief to the SEC Division of Enforcement’s
Motion for Summary Disposition, and on March 29, 2023, the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Reply in Support of its Motion
for Summary Disposition. On December 22, 2023, the Company filed a Cross-Motion for Summary Disposition after the Company cured all of
its delinquencies and the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed an opposition to the Company’s Cross-Motion for Summary Disposition
on February 21, 2024. On March 4, 2024, the Company filed a Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Disposition. The Commission will
issue a decision on the basis of the record in the proceeding. The Company cannot at this time predict the timing of a decision by the
Commission or the outcome of such decision. The Company intends to remain current in its periodic reporting to the SEC. In addition,
the Company intends to vigorously defend against the allegations in the Order to avoid possible suspension or revocation of the registration
of its common stock. If the SEC issues a final order to suspend or revoke the registration of the Company’s common stock, brokers,
dealers and other market participants would be prohibited from buying, selling, making a market in, publishing quotations of, or otherwise
effecting transactions with respect to, such common stock until, in the case of suspension, the lifting of such suspension, or, in the
case of a revocation, the Company files a new registration statement with the SEC under the Exchange Act and that registration
statement is declared effective. As a result, public trading of the Company’s common stock would cease and investors would find
it extraordinarily difficult to acquire or dispose of the Company’s common stock or obtain accurate price quotations for the Company’s
common stock, which could result in a significant decline in the value of the Company’s stock. In addition, the Company’s
business may be adversely impacted, including, without limitation, an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to issue stock to
raise equity capital, engage in business combinations or provide employee incentives.
 


10
 

 
Potential for future errors in the application of
accounting rules and pronouncements.
 
The completion of the audits of our financial statements
involved significant review and analyses, including highly technical analyses of data and business practices and the extraction of data
from the SAP System. Given the complexity and scope of this process, and despite the extensive time, effort and expense that went into
it, additional accounting errors may in the future come to light in these or other areas that may result in future restatements.
 
The staff of the SEC may review the periodic reports
of the Company and may request amendments of financial information or other disclosures.
 
Following its review of periodic reports (including, but
not limited to, this Annual Report) filed with the SEC, the staff of the SEC may request that the Company make changes to its reporting
of financial information contained in such periodic reports, potentially requiring amendments to our financial information or other disclosure.
Although not requested by the SEC staff, on April 22, 2024, the Company filed an amendment to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 in response to certain observations made by the SEC staff in connection with the Section 12(j) administrative
proceeding.
 
Any further amendments to the financial information of the
Company, among other things:
 

●would
                                            distract management’s attention from our business and operations;

 


 
●
may require the Company
    to suspend the exercise of options by employees until it becomes current again in its periodic reporting obligations under the federal
    securities laws;

 


 
●
would result in incurring
    substantial additional professional expenses;

 


 
●
may adversely affect the
    Company’s reputation, credibility with customers and investors and its ability to raise capital; and

 


 
●
may subject the Company
    to the risk of additional litigation and regulatory investigations and actions.

 
The requirements of being a public company may strain
our resources, divert management’s attention and affect its ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
 
As a public company listed in the U.S., we are subject to
the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and any rules promulgated thereunder. Our management team may
not successfully or efficiently manage being a public company that is subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations
under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. Operating a public company requires
significant attention from our senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business,
which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, the requirements of these rules and regulations
may increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly, and increase demand
on our systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and
procedures and internal controls for financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve our disclosure controls and procedures and
internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight is required and, as a
result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns. The costs of compliance with public company reporting
requirements and our potential failure to satisfy these requirements could have a material adverse effect on our operations, business,
financial condition or results of operations.
 
In order to satisfy our obligations as a public company,
we must hire, retain and train qualified accounting and financial personnel with appropriate public company experience. Failure to do
so may result in increased costs and additional risks in connection with the quality of our financial reporting.
 
As a public company, we need to establish and maintain effective
disclosure and financial controls and adhere to certain corporate governance practices. We need to hire, retain and train accounting
and financial personnel with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge, and it may be difficult
to recruit and retain such personnel. Even if we are able to hire appropriate personnel, our existing operating expenses and operations
will be impacted by the direct costs of their employment and the indirect consequences related to the diversion of management resources
from other business concerns.
 


11
 

 
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK
 
Our stock price is volatile
and could decline; there is currently a limited trading market for our common stock and we cannot predict how liquid the market might
become.
 
There has been a limited trading market for our common stock
and we cannot predict how liquid the market for our common stock might become. On September 28, 2021 our stock began trading in accordance
with the OTC Pink Sheet No Information tier. Broker dealer firms are not able to provide stock quotes for IEH’s common stock and
transactions are limited to the “Expert” market. The quotation of our common stock on the OTC Pink Sheets does
not assure that a meaningful, consistent and liquid trading market exists. The market price for our common stock is subject to volatility
and holders of our common stock may be unable to resell their shares at or near their original purchase price, or at any price. In the
absence of an active trading market, investors may have difficulty buying and selling, or obtaining market quotations for our common
stock; market visibility for our common stock may be limited; and a lack of visibility for our common stock may have a depressive effect
on the market for our common stock. While we intend to regain listing on an actively traded platform, there can be no assurance that
we will be successful.
 
The price of our common stock has been, and is likely to
continue to be, volatile. For example, our stock price during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 traded as low as $5.20 and as high
as $10.00 per share and during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, our stock price traded as low as $6.20 per share and as high as
$12.50 per share. Fluctuations may be exaggerated since the trading volume is and would likely be volatile, limited, and sporadic.
These fluctuations may or may not be based upon any business or operating results. We cannot assure you that your investment in our common
stock will not decline.
 
Except for a single dividend
declared and paid in 2017, we have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future. Any return on investment
may be limited to the value of our common stock.
 
Except for a single dividend declared and paid in 2017,
we have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. The payment of dividends
on our common stock will depend on earnings, financial condition and other business and economic factors affecting us at such time as
our Board of Directors may consider relevant. If we do not pay dividends, our common stock may be less valuable because a return on your
investment will only occur if our stock price appreciates.
 
The Offerman family has substantial influence over
our management and policies, and their interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future.
 
Gail Offerman and Dave Offerman, our Chief Executive Officer,
(the “Offerman Investors”) beneficially own approximately 46.5% of our common stock as of June 14, 2024, and will generally
vote together as a single class on matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. As a result, the Offerman Investors may exert substantial influence on
other actions requiring a shareholder vote, potentially in a manner that you do not support, including the election and removal of directors
and the approval of any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. In addition, the ownership of such shareholders
could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of us, and consequently, adversely affect the price of our common stock. In addition, the
Offerman Investors and their affiliates exercise significant influence over the operations of our Company because the Company has been
a business led by the Offerman family for generations. These shareholders may make decisions that are adverse to your interests.
 


12
 

 
We have reduced disclosure and governance requirements
applicable to smaller reporting companies, which could result in our common stock being less attractive to investors.
 
We have a public float of less than $250 million and therefore
qualify as a smaller reporting company under the rules of the SEC. As a smaller reporting company, we are able to take advantage of reduced
disclosure requirements, such as simplified executive compensation disclosures, exemption from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that our independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness
of internal control over financial reporting and reduced financial statement disclosure requirements in our SEC filings. Decreased disclosures
in our SEC filings due to our status as a smaller reporting company may make it harder for our investors to analyze our results of operations
and financial prospects. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive due to our reliance on these exemptions.
If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and
our stock price may be volatile.
 
There are risks related to the implementation of our
perpetual accounting system.
 
Since 2020, we have been operating on a new perpetual accounting
system, SAP’s Business One system along with an add-on inventory and production module, Beas Manufacturing (“SAP System”)
in order to improve our financial reporting. Since implementation, we have been engaged in a multi-year process to refine the functionality
of the SAP System, most significantly around the accounting for inventory and costs of products sold. We have identified the causes of
the errors that led to the restatement of previously reported financials and have made enhancements to the SAP System to remediate those
causes. There remains further work to improve and optimize the SAP System, and that work is ongoing. Any deficiency in further re-design
of the SAP System could negatively impact the quality of our financial data and may result in inaccurate financials or delays in our
periodic reports with the SEC, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
Risks Related to General Economic Conditions and Other
Factors:
 
Changes in general economic conditions, geopolitical
conditions, U.S. trade policies and other factors beyond the Company’s control may adversely impact our business and operating
results.
 
The Company’s operations and performance depend significantly
on global, regional and U.S. economic and geopolitical conditions. The United States has from time to time experienced challenging economic
conditions, including in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, and the global financial markets have recently undergone and may continue
to experience significant volatility and disruption. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely
affected by changes in consumer confidence, levels of unemployment, inflation, interest rates, tax rates and general uncertainty
regarding the overall future economic environment. A recession or slowdown in the economy may cause a decline in demand for
our products and have a negative impact on our business.
 
We are also impacted by changes in trade policy. In recent
years, there has been discussion and dialogue regarding potential significant changes to U.S. trade policies, legislation, treaties and
tariffs. Changes to current policies by the U.S. or other governments could affect our business, including potentially through increased
import tariffs and other influences on U.S. trade relations with other countries. The imposition of additional tariffs or other trade
barriers could increase our costs in certain markets, and may cause our customers to find alternative sourcing. In addition, other countries
may change their own policies on business and foreign investment in companies in their respective countries. Additionally, it is possible
that U.S. policy changes and uncertainty about such changes, including changes and uncertainty as a result of the upcoming U.S. presidential
election, could increase market volatility and currency exchange rate fluctuations. Market volatility and currency exchange rate fluctuations
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As a result of these
dynamics, we cannot predict the impact to our business of any future changes to the U.S.’s trading relationships.
 


13
 

 
A number of other economic and geopolitical factors both
in the United States and abroad could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of
operations or cash flows, such as:
 


 
●
a global or regional economic slowdown in any of the
    Company’s market segments;

 
 
 

 
●
postponement of spending, in response to tighter credit,
    financial market volatility and other factors;

 
 
 

 
●
effects of significant changes in economic, monetary
    and fiscal policies in the United States and abroad including significant income tax changes, currency fluctuations and inflationary
    pressures;

 
 
 

 
●
rapid material escalation of the cost of regulatory
    compliance and litigation;

 
 
 

 
●
changes in government policies and regulations affecting
    the Company or its significant customers or suppliers;

 
 
 

 
●
employment regulations and local labor conditions,
    including increases in employment costs;

 
 
 

 
●
industrial policies in various countries that favor
    domestic industries over multinationals or that restrict foreign companies altogether;

 
 
 

 
●
longer payment cycles; 

 
 
 

 
●
credit risks and other challenges in collecting accounts
    receivable; and

 
 
 

 
●
Ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine since February 2022,
    which have impacted economic activity as well as the availability and price of raw materials and energy and the conflict between
    Israel and Hamas in Gaza since October 7, 2023, the effect of which on world markets is still to be determined.

 
Our results of operations and financial condition
have been and may in the future be adversely impacted by epidemics or pandemics. 
 
Occurrences of epidemics or pandemics, depending on their
scale, may cause different degrees of disruption to the regional, state and local economies in which we offer our products. The COVID-19
pandemic caused changes in customer behavior, as well as economic disruptions. Although consumer activity has improved since the start
of the pandemic and government restrictions have been lifted in the United States, recovery varies globally and the pandemic and its
effects continue to evolve. Supply chain issues, inflationary pressures, the emergence of new variants and the reinstatement and subsequent
lifting of restrictions and health and safety related measures in response to the emergence of new variants have contributed in the past
to the volatility of ongoing recovery. We are unable to predict the future path or impact of any global or regional COVID-19 resurgences,
including existing or future variants, or other public health crises that may arise. The reinstatement and subsequent lifting of these
measures may occur periodically, which could adversely affect our business, operations and financial condition, as well as the business,
operations and financial conditions of our customers and suppliers.
 


14
 

 
The global nature of our operations exposes us to
numerous risks that could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. 
 
We serve customers in the United States and abroad, with
a sales presence in over 40 countries. Sales outside of the United States are subject to various risks that may not be present or as
significant for our U.S. operations. Economic uncertainty in some of the geographic regions in which we sell our products could result
in the disruption of commerce and negatively impact cash flows from our operations in those areas. Risks inherent in our international
operations include, among others:
 


 
●
COVID-19-related closures and other pandemic-related
    uncertainties in the countries in which we operate;

 
 
 

 
●
Import and export regulations that could erode profit
    margins or restrict exports;

 
 
 

 
●
Foreign exchange controls and tax rates;

 
 
 

 
●
Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, including
    devaluations;

 
 
 

 
●
Changes in regional and local economic conditions,
    including local inflationary pressures;

 
 
 

 
●
Difficulty of enforcing agreements and collecting receivables
    through certain foreign legal systems;

 
 
 

 
●
Variations in protection of intellectual property and
    other legal rights;

 
 
 

 
●
Inability or regulatory limitations on our ability
    to move goods across borders;

 
 
 

 
●
Changes in laws and regulations, including the laws
    and policies of the United States affecting trade, tariffs and foreign investment;

 
 
 

 
●
Restrictive governmental actions such as those on transfer
    or repatriation of funds and trade protection matters, including antidumping duties, tariffs, trade wars, embargoes and prohibitions
    or restrictions on acquisitions or joint ventures;

 
 
 

 
●
Unsettled political conditions and possible terrorist
    attacks against U.S. or other interests; and

 
 
 

 
●
Political tensions and armed conflict, such as the
    ongoing wars in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

 
If we are unable to anticipate and effectively manage these
and other risks, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business, our results of operations and financial condition.
 
We are the primary source for various commercial and
aerospace applications in certain parts of Asia and Europe. There is always a risk of being second sourced by domestic manufacturers,
and trade tensions or nationalizing supply chains adversely impacting our business. 
 
Sales to customers located outside the U.S. accounted for
approximately 8.5% and 14.8% of our revenue in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively. We expect that
revenue from international sales will continue to be a significant part of our total revenue. Any weakness in the domestic
economy could result in a decrease in demand for consumer products that contain our products, which could materially and adversely affect
our business. In addition, there is a risk that manufacturers in Asia and Europe may compete with us and replace us. The imposition by
the U.S. of tariffs on goods imported from overseas, countermeasures imposed in response, U.S. export restrictions on sales of
products to certain overseas countries and other government actions that restrict or otherwise adversely affect our ability
to sell our products may have a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, we may be subject to rules and regulations or the
jurisdiction of other governmental agencies that may adversely affect our rights and obligations. In the event of a dispute, we will
likely be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of foreign courts. 
 


15
 

 
Fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect
our business and the value of our securities.
 
The value of our securities will be indirectly affected
by the foreign exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and other currencies in which our sales may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation
in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to these foreign currencies would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms
without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations.
 
To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions.
While we may enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these transactions may be limited,
and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all.
  
Changes in defense expenditures may reduce the Company’s
sales.
 
Approximately 60.6% and 56.3% of the Company’s net
revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, came from sales to the defense market. The Company participates
in a broad spectrum of defense programs. Accordingly, the Company’s sales are affected by changes in the defense budgets and policies
of the U.S. government. A significant decline in U.S. government defense expenditures for programs in which we participate could have
an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. U.S. government expenditures are also
subject to political and budgetary fluctuations and constraints, which may result in significant unexpected changes in levels of demand
for our products.
 
We may be adversely affected by natural disasters,
pandemics and other catastrophic events and by man-made problems such as terrorism that could disrupt our business operations, and our
business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not adequately protect us from a serious disaster.
 
Our business operations are located in Brooklyn, New York
and Allentown, PA. If a disaster, power outage, computer hacking, or other event occurred that prevented us from using all or a
significant portion of our facilities, that damaged critical infrastructure, such as enterprise financial systems, IT systems, manufacturing
resource planning or enterprise quality systems, or that otherwise disrupted operations, it may be difficult or, in certain cases, impossible
for us to continue our business for a substantial period of time. In addition, our suppliers’ facilities are located in locations
susceptible to natural disasters or similar events, such as tornadoes, fires, explosions or large-scale accidents or power outages, or
IT threats, pandemics, acts of terrorism and other geo-political unrest, which could severely disrupt our operations and have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. All of the aforementioned risks may be further
increased if we do not implement a disaster recovery plan or our partners’ or manufacturers’ disaster recovery plans prove
to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above should result in delays in the manufacture or distribution of our products, our
business, financial condition, operating results and prospects would suffer.
 
Our business and operations would suffer in the event
of system failures, cyber-attacks or a deficiency in our cyber-security.
 
Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal
computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access, natural
disasters, terrorism, war, artificial intelligence related cyber-attacks, and telecommunication and electrical failures. The risk of
a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber-intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments,
and cyber-terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around
the world have increased. If such an event were to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result in a material disruption
of our development programs and our business operations.
 


16
 

 
 

Item
                            1B.Unresolved
                                            Staff Comments:

 
Not Applicable.
 

Item 1C.Cyber Security

 
All companies
utilizing technology are subject to the risk of breaches of or unauthorized access to their computer systems. The Company maintains a
cyber risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats. The Audit Committee
of our Board of Directors and our management are actively involved in the oversight of our risk management program, of which cybersecurity
represents an important component. We have established policies, standards, processes and practices for assessing, identifying, and managing
material risks from cybersecurity threats and incidents. Our policies, processes and procedures include, among other things, external
penetration testing using an experienced third-party company conducted every three years; a cybersecurity incident response and recovery
plan; periodic and ongoing security awareness training for employees; the use of several comprehensive vulnerability analysis systems
to evaluate software vulnerabilities both internally and externally; and mechanisms to detect and monitor unusual network activity. The
Company also requires that all third-party vendors that have access to or handle sensitive information undergo a risk-based vendor security
assessment. We also maintain controls and procedures that are designed to promptly escalate certain cybersecurity incidents so that decisions
regarding public disclosure and reporting of such incidents can be made by management and our Board of Directors in a timely manner.
There can be no guarantee that our policies and procedures will be properly followed in every instance or that those policies and procedures
will be effective.
 
Our cyber risk
management program is based on recognized best practices and standards for cybersecurity and information technology, including the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework. Our cybersecurity risks are identified and addressed
through a comprehensive, cross- functional approach. The Company’s Vice President of Engineering is primarily responsible for the
implementation of defense capabilities and risk mitigation strategies in connection with the Company’s information security and
cybersecurity risks. The Company’s Vice President of Engineering, in coordination with the Company’s senior management, works
collaboratively across the Company to implement the cyber risk management program. To facilitate the success of the Company’s cybersecurity
program, cross-functional teams throughout the Company address cybersecurity threats and respond to cybersecurity incidents. Through
ongoing communications with these teams, the Company’s Vice President of Engineering and senior management are informed about and
monitor the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity threats and incidents in real time, and report such threats
and incidents to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors when appropriate.
 
Our Audit
Committee takes the lead on behalf of our Board of Directors in monitoring risk management, which includes overseeing the Company’s
management of its cybersecurity and data privacy. The Audit Committee meets on a quarterly basis with our Vice President of Engineering,
General Counsel and Chief Financial Officer, who provide quarterly reports concerning the Company’s information security and cybersecurity
risks.
 
Although
we have not been materially impacted by any cybersecurity incident to date, we are subject to cybersecurity threats, as discussed in
Item 1A. Risk Factors, including in the risk factor entitled “Our business and operations would suffer in the event
of system failures, cyber-attacks or a deficiency in our cyber-security.”
 


17
 

 

Item
                            2.Properties:

 
The Company renewed its lease for its manufacturing facility
located at 140 58th Street, Suite 8E, Brooklyn, New York on December 1, 2020, and entered into a 10 year lease agreement extension,
running through November 30, 2030. The lease is approximately 20,400 square feet of space, of which it is estimated that 6,000 square
feet are used as executive, sales and administrative offices and 14,400 square feet are used for its manufacturing, testing and plating
operations. The basic minimum annual rental payments remaining on this lease is $2,062,935 as of March 31, 2024.
 
The Company entered into a lease on January 29, 2021 for
a building at 200 Cascade Drive, Bldg. 2, Suite H, Allentown, PA 18109 running through March 30, 2028. The lease is approximately 28,800
square feet of space, of which it is estimated that 4,800 square feet are used as executive and administrative offices and 24,000 square
feet are used for its manufacturing and testing operations. The basic minimum annual rental payments remaining on this lease is $1,035,473
as of March 31, 2024.
 

Item
                            3.Legal
                                            Proceedings:

 
There are no legal proceedings that have occurred within
the past year concerning our directors, or control persons which involved a criminal conviction, a criminal proceeding, an administrative
or civil proceeding limiting one’s participation in the securities or banking industries, or a finding of securities or commodities
law violations.
 
On August 17, 2022, the SEC issued an Order Instituting
Administrative Proceedings and Notice of Hearing pursuant to Section 12(j) of the Exchange Act. The stated purpose of the administrative
proceeding is for the Commission to determine whether it is necessary and appropriate for the protection of investors to suspend for
a period not exceeding twelve months, or revoke the registration of each class of securities of the Company registered pursuant to Section
12 of the Exchange Act. The Company filed an answer to the Order on October 3, 2022 and on October 13, 2022 we conducted a prehearing
conference with SEC staff in the Division of Enforcement. On March 1, 2023 the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Motion for
Summary Disposition, on March 15, 2023, IEH filed an opposition brief to the SEC Division of Enforcement’s Motion for Summary Disposition,
and on March 29, 2023, the SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed a Reply in Support of its Motion for Summary Disposition. On December
22, 2023, the Company filed a Cross-Motion for Summary Disposition. The SEC’s Division of Enforcement filed an opposition to the
Company’s Cross-Motion for Summary Disposition on February 21, 2024. On March 4, 2024, the Company filed a Reply in Support of
its Motion for Summary Disposition. The SEC will issue a decision on the basis of the record in the proceeding.
 
On March 19, 2024, William H. Craig, the former Chief Financial
Officer and Treasurer of the Company, filed a lawsuit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New
York related to Mr. Craig’s resignation as an executive officer of the Company. Mr. Craig alleged claims for defamation, prima
facie tort and permanent mandatory injunction. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against plaintiff’s claims and does
not believe that the litigation’s ultimate disposition or resolution will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
financial position, results of operations or liquidity. It is impossible to predict the outcome at this time.
 

Item
                            4.Mine
                                            Safety Disclosures:

 
Not applicable.
 


18
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
PART II
 

Item
                            5.Market
                                            for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases
                                            of Equity Securities:

 
Principal Market: 
 
Beginning on September 28, 2021, as a result of the SEC’s
amendments to Exchange Act Rule 15c2-11 which requires listed companies to be current in their SEC periodic reports or provide alternative
information, trading in the Company’s shares of common stock is in accordance with the OTC Pink Sheet No Information tier and transactions
are limited to the “Expert” market. As a result, broker dealer firms are not able to provide stock quotes for the Company’s
common stock. Persons who hold our common stock or wish to purchase our common stock will have to contact their brokers directly in order
to buy or sell shares. Prior to September 28, 2021, on March 22, 2019, the Company’s shares of common stock (the “common
stock”) commenced trading exclusively on the OTCQX Marketplace. Prior to March 22, 2019, the common stock was traded exclusively
on the OTCQB Marketplace commencing on March 17, 2017. The shares are quoted under the ticker symbol “IEHC”. Investors are
able to view real-time quotes at http://www.otcmarkets.com. Because we are currently quoted on the OTC Pink Sheet, our common
stock may be less liquid, receive less coverage by security analysts and news media, and generate lower prices than might otherwise be
obtained if it were listed on a national securities exchange.
 
Market Information:
 
The range of high and low bid prices for the Company’s
common stock, for the periods indicated, are set forth below as reported by the OTC Markets. The table below provides the high and low
bid prices of the common stock during the periods indicated. These prices represent quotations between dealers without adjustment for
retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
 


  
High Bid  
Low Bid 

Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2023 
   
  

April 1, 2022 – June 30, 2022 
$12.50  
$12.15 

July 1, 2022 – September 30, 2022 
$12.25  
$10.50 

October 1, 2022 – December 31, 2022 
$10.50  
$6.50 

January 1, 2023 – March 31, 2023 
$10.00  
$6.20 

  
    
   

Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2024 
    
   

April 1, 2023 – June 30, 2023 
$7.20  
$5.75 

July 1, 2023 – September 30, 2023 
$8.65  
$7.25 

October 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023 
$10.00  
$7.60 

January 1, 2024 – March 31, 2024 
$7.85  
$5.20 

 
Holders:
 
The number of record holders of the Company’s common
stock as of June 14, 2024 was 173. Such number of record owners was determined from the Company’s shareholder records, and does
not include the beneficial owners of the Company’s common stock whose shares are held in the names of various security holders,
dealers and clearing agencies.
 
Dividends: 
 
Except for a single cash dividend declared and paid in 2017,
we have never declared or paid a regular, quarterly cash dividend on our common stock, and we do not expect to pay any regular, quarterly
cash dividend on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, on our common stock will be at the
discretion of our Board of Directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, operating results,
anticipated cash needs, and plans for expansion.
 


19
 

 
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation
Plans:
 
Information regarding the Company’s equity compensation
plans and the securities authorized for issuance thereunder is set forth herein under Part III, Item 12 below.
 
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities:
 
None.
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities:
 
None
 

Item
                            6.[Reserved]

 
Not Applicable.
 

Item
                            7.Management’s
                                            Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:

  
Statements contained in this report, which are not historical
facts, may be considered forward-looking information with respect to plans, projections, or future performance of the Company as defined
under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties,
which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words “anticipate,” “believe”,
“estimate”, “expect,” “objective,” and think” or similar expressions used herein are intended
to identify forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current views and assumptions
and involve risks and uncertainties that include, among other things, the performance of the Company’s business, actions of competitors,
changes in laws and regulations, including accounting standards, employee relations, customer demand, prices of purchased raw materials
and parts, domestic economic conditions, and foreign economic conditions, including currency rate fluctuations. 
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read
in conjunction with our audited financial statements and related footnotes included elsewhere in this report, which provide additional
information concerning the Company’s financial activities and condition.
 
Overview of Business:
 
The Company designs, develops and manufactures printed circuit
board connectors and custom interconnects for high performance applications.
 
All of our connectors utilize the Hyperboloid contact design,
a rugged, high-reliability contact system ideally suited for high-stress environments. We believe we are the only independent producer
of Hyperboloid printed circuit board connectors in the United States.
 
Our customers consist of OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers)
and distributors who resell our products to OEMs. We sell our products directly and through 21 independent sales representatives and
distributors located in all regions of the United States, Canada, the European Union, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East.
 
The customers we service are in the Defense, Aerospace,
Space, Medical, Oil and Gas, Industrial, Test Equipment and Commercial Electronics markets. We appear on the Military DLA Qualified Product
Listing (“QPL”) MIL-DTL-55302 and supply customer requested modifications to this specification.
 


20
 

 
The customers we service by industry as a percentage of
total revenue is provided below:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Industry 
%  
% 

Defense 
 60.6  
 56.3 

Commercial Aerospace 
 27.3  
 25.7 

Space 
 7.8  
 9.4 

Other 
 4.3  
 8.6 

 
We are exposed to and impacted by macroeconomic factors
and U.S., state and local government policies. Current general economic conditions, including the current levels of inflation, have created
uncertainties, resulting in market volatility. We have adopted particular measures to protect our employees at our manufacturing operations
in Brooklyn, New York, and Allentown, PA, and we expect to execute on our contracts through carefully designed arrangements. 
 
Worldwide Supply Chain Disruptions
 
Worldwide supply chain disruptions, which were initially
brought about by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, have persisted despite the recovery in the global economy and financial markets.
The Company has experienced longer lead times for raw materials and has experienced raw material cost increases compared to prior fiscal
years. These and other issues resulting from worldwide supply chain disruptions, including the conflicts in Eastern Europe and the Middle
East, are expected to continue into fiscal 2025 and could continue to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business,
operating results and financial condition. The precise financial impact and duration, however, cannot be reasonably estimated at this
time.
  
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates:
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions
about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects
cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results
inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The most significant accounting
estimates inherent in the preparation of our financial statements include estimates associated with revenue recognition, valuation of
inventories, accounting for income taxes and stock-based compensation expense.
 
Our financial position, results of operations and cash flows
are impacted by the accounting policies we have adopted. In order to get a full understanding of our financial statements, one must have
a clear understanding of the accounting policies employed. A summary of our critical accounting policies is presented within the footnotes
to the financial statements presented within this Annual Report.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Pursuant to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue represents the amount received or receivable for goods and
services supplied by the Company to its customers. The Company recognizes revenue and the related cost of products sold when the performance
obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations are typically satisfied upon shipment of physical goods. In addition to the satisfaction
of the performance obligations, the following conditions are required for revenue recognition: an arrangement exists, there is a fixed
price, and collectability is reasonably assured.
 


21
 

 
The Company does not offer any discounts, credits or other
sales incentives. Historically, the Company believes that it has had no collection issues with its customer base. The Company’s
policy with respect to customer returns and allowances as well as product warranty is as follows:
 
The Company may accept a return of defective product within
one year from shipment for repair or replacement at the Company’s option. If the product is repairable, the Company at its own
cost, will repair and return it to the customer. If unrepairable, the Company will replace the defective product with a new item. The
cost of defective products is immaterial at this time. Billing terms vary by customer and product but generally do not exceed 30 days.
 
The Company provides engineering services as part of the
relationship with its customers in developing the custom product. The Company is not obligated to provide such engineering service to
its customers. The Company does not invoice its customers separately for these services.
 
The Company records a liability when receiving cash in advance
of delivering goods or services to the customer. This liability is offset against the receivable recognized when those goods or services
are delivered. Deposits from customers were $882,525 and $20,639, as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 
Valuation of Inventories
 
Raw materials are stated at the average cost on a first-in
first-out basis which does not exceed net realizable value. Finished goods and work in process are valued at the lower of actual cost,
determined on a specific identification basis, or the net realizable value of each product. The Company estimates which materials may
be obsolete and which products in work in process or finished goods may be sold at less than cost, and adjusts their inventory value
accordingly.
 
Accounting for Income Taxes
 
The Company’s current provision for income taxes is
based upon its estimated taxable income in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates, after considering the impact on taxable income
of temporary and permanent differences resulting from different treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and any operating loss or tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the
generation of future taxable income in those periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Should management determine that
it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance against the deferred
tax assets would be established in the period such determination was made.
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the Statement
of Operations over the vesting term of the equity-based award. We chose the straight-line method of allocating compensation cost over
the requisite service period of the related award in accordance with the authoritative guidance. When the terms of an equity-based award
provide for immediate vesting, the fair value of the equity based award is expensed immediately. The expected term of options granted
to employees is calculated using the simplified method, which represents the average of the contractual term of the option and the weighted-average
vesting period of the option, which, for options granted in fiscal 2024 and 2023, resulted in an expected term of approximately five
years. We used our historical volatility to estimate expected volatility in fiscal 2024 and 2023. The risk-free interest rate is based
on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding to the expected life of the options. The dividend
yield is 0% based on the fact that we have no present intention to pay dividends. Determining some of these assumptions requires significant
judgment and changes to these assumptions could result in a significant change to the calculation of stock-based compensation in future
periods.
 


22
 

 
Results of Operations:
 
Annual Results of Operations
 
Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2024 and March
31, 2023:
 
The following table summarizes our results of operations
for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended March
    31,  
Period-to-Period 

  
2024  
2023  
Change 

Revenue 
$21,524,544  
$19,136,890  
$2,387,654 

  
    
    
   

Operating expenses: 
    
    
   

Cost of products sold 
 18,257,621  
 18,395,865  
 (138,244)

Selling, general and administrative 
 6,156,191  
 5,519,278  
 636,913 

Depreciation and amortization 
 871,619  
 1,034,559  
 (162,940)

Total operating expenses 
 25,285,431  
 24,949,702  
 335,729 

Operating loss 
 (3,760,887) 
 (5,812,812) 
 2,051,925 

Other income (expense): 
    
    
   

Other income 
 -  
 85,231  
 (85,231)

Interest income (expense), net 
 126,694  
 31,037  
 95,657 

Total other income (expense), net 
 126,694  
 116,268  
 10,426 

  
    
    
   

Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 
 (3,634,193) 
 (5,696,544) 
 2,062,351 

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 
 717,291  
 (806,380) 
 1,523,671 

Net loss 
$(2,916,902) 
$(6,502,924) 
$3,586,022 

 
Revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was $21,524,544,
reflecting an increase of $2,387,654, or 12.5%, as compared to $19,136,890 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The increase in revenues
was primarily due to an increase in orders from our defense customers due to renewed spending by the US Government on defense programs
that IEH participates in. Fiscal 2024 also witnessed steady increases in revenue in commercial aerospace, generally, as consumer aviation
traffic has returned to pre COVID-19 levels.
 
Cost of products sold for the fiscal year ended March 31,
2024 was $18,257,621 reflecting a decrease of $138,244, or 0.8%, as compared to $18,395,865 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.
The decrease was principally attributable to changes in product mix and more effective absorption of overhead with increased product
volume.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 2024 was $6,156,191, reflecting an increase of $636,913, or 11.5%, as compared to $5,519,278 for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to stock-compensation expense and accounting and consulting fees, offset by a
decrease in legal expenses.
 
Depreciation and amortization for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2024 was $871,619, reflecting a decrease of $162,940, or 15.8%, as compared to $1,034,559 for the fiscal year ended March 31,
2023. The decrease was principally attributable to reduced amortization in the current period for certain fully amortized assets.
 
Total other income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was
$126,694, reflecting an increase of $10,426, as compared to $116,268 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily
attributable to an increase in interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents.
 
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes for the fiscal year
ended March 31, 2024 was a benefit of $717,291, as compared to a provision of $806,380 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The benefit
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was principally attributable to adjustments to prior years’ federal, state and local income
taxes. The provision for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 was primarily attributable to fully impairing the deferred income tax assets,
net, as of June 30, 2022. As such, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the effect of recording a full valuation allowance resulted
in an income tax provision of $806,380.
 


23
 

 
Liquidity and Capital Resources: 
 
Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working
capital, inventory, capital expenditures, public company costs and general corporate needs. We expect these needs to continue as we further
develop and grow our business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, our primary sources of liquidity came from existing cash. Based
on our current plans and business conditions, we believe that existing cash, together with cash generated from operations will be sufficient
to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements in fiscal 2025 and into fiscal year 2026, and we are not aware of any trends or demands,
commitments, events or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in a decrease in liquidity of our assets. We may require additional
capital to respond to technological advancements, competitive dynamics or technologies, business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions
or unforeseen circumstances and in either the short-term or long-term may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into
credit facilities for other reasons. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we
require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
In particular, inflationary pressures and interest rates, and the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and the Middle East have resulted
in, and may continue to result in, significant disruption and volatility in the global financial markets, reducing our ability to access
capital. If we are unable to raise additional funds when or on the terms desired, our business, financial condition and results of operations
could be adversely affected.
 
As of March 31, 2024, our cash balance was $6,139,823. For
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, we recorded a net loss of $2,916,902. As of March 31, 2024, we had working capital of $18,295,711.
 
Our principal source of liquidity is cash flows generated
by operating activities and cash reserves.
 
Cash Flow Activities for the Year Ended March 31, 2024
Compared to the Year Ended March 31, 2023
 
The following table summarizes our cash flow activities
for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31,  
Period-to-Period 

  
2024  
2023  
Change 

  
   
   
  

Cash flow (used in) provided by 
   
   
  

Operating activities 
$(1,914,265) 
$(3,785,051) 
$1,870,786 

Investing activities 
 (347,168) 
 (545,514) 
 198,346 

Financing activities 
 56,550  
 -  
 56,550 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents 
$(2,204,883) 
$(4,330,565) 
$2,125,682 

 
Net cash used in operating activities was $1,914,265 for
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1,870,786, as compared to $3,785,051 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The
period over period improvement in cash from operating activities of $1,870,786 was primarily due to the decrease in net loss of $2,062,351,
increase in customer advance payments of $939,132 offset by decreases in accounts receivable of $981,327, corporate income taxes receivable
of $848,708 and deferred income taxes, net of $806,380.
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $347,168 for the fiscal
year ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $198,346, as compared to a use of $545,514 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023. The decrease
in cash used in investing activities during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 was due to certain fixed assets being fully amortized
at end of Fiscal Year 2023.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $56,550 for the
fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. This represents the proceeds from the exercise of stock options by a former director of the Company.
There were no financing activities during fiscal year ended March 31, 2023.
 


24
 

 
Backlog of Orders
 
Our customers typically enter into supply arrangements for
the purchase of our products which we will produce and deliver over time. On an as-needed basis, our customers place specific production
orders, and these orders are generally filled and shipped within twelve weeks. Our backlog consists of supply arrangements where the
anticipated unfulfilled shipping dates are within approximately twelve months. Because of the possibility of customer changes in delivery
schedules or the cancellation of orders, our backlog as of any particular date may not be indicative of revenue in any future period.
The backlog amounted to approximately $18,285,600 at March 31, 2024 as compared to $13,724,000 at March 31, 2023. The increase in total
backlog as of March 31, 2024 compared with the previous year is primarily due to increases in defense customer demand.
 
A portion of these backlog orders are subject to cancellation
or postponement of delivery dates and, therefore, no assurance can be given that actual sales will result from these orders. The Company
does not foresee any problems which would prevent it from fulfilling these orders.
 
Inflation
 
In the opinion of management, inflation has begun to impact
the costs of our operations and depending upon the current duration and degree of higher inflation levels, is expected to have an impact
upon our operations in the future. Management will continue to monitor inflation and evaluate the possible future effects of inflation
on our business and operations.
 

Item
                            7A.Quantitative
                                            and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 
Not required.
 

Item
                            8.Financial
                                            Statements and Supplementary Data

 
See our audited Financial Statements for the fiscal years
ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 which follows Item 16 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 

Item
                            9.Changes
                                            In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 
None.
 

Item
                            9A.Controls
                                            and Procedures

 
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in paragraph (e) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose
in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified
under the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed
to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief
Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. As required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15
and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer (our principal executive officer) and our Chief Financial Officer (our
principal financial officer) carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and
procedures as of March 31, 2024.
 
Management has used the framework set forth in the report
entitled Internal Control—Integrated Framework published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(2013 framework), known as COSO, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. As of March 31,
2024, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure
controls and procedures were effective.
 


25
 

 
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Controls over
Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control
over financial reporting refers to the process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive officer and principal
financial officer, and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles.
 
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide
absolute assurance of achieving their objectives. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence
and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgement and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Due to their inherent limitations,
there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting.
It is possible to design safeguards to reduce, but not eliminate, this risk. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting for our company.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over
financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements or fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated,
is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met.
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation
report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not
subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to SEC rules, which permit us to provide only management’s
report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting will
prevent all errors or all instances of fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable,
not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect
the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of its
inherent limitations, internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
(c) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
 
Except as described above, there were no changes in our
internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection
with the evaluation of our internal controls that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2024 that materially affected, or
are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.
 

Item
                            9B.Other
                                            Information

 
Insider Trading Arrangements and Policies
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, no director
or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement”,
as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K. 
 

Item
                            9C.Disclosure
                                            Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

 
Not Applicable.
  


26
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
PART III
 

Item
                            10.Directors,
                                            Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 
Executive Officers and Directors
 
As of March 31, 2024, the executive officers and
directors of the Company are as follows:
 


Name
 
Age
 
Office
 
Class

David Offerman 
 
49
 
Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief
    Executive Officer
 
II

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Subrata Purkayastha
 
42
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Allen Gottlieb
 
82
 
Director
 
II

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Gerald E. Chafetz
 
80
 
Director 
 
II

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Eric C. Hugel
 
53
 
Director
 
I

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Michael E. Rosenfeld
 
40
 
Director
 
I

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

John P. Spiezio
 
 60
 
 Director
 
I

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Brian J. Glenn
 
44
 
Director
 
I

 
IEH’s Certificate of Incorporation provides that the
directors of the Company are to be elected in two (2) classes; each class to be elected to a staggered two (2) year term and until their
successors are duly elected and qualified. As of March 31, 2024, the Board of Directors consisted of seven (7) members divided into two
classes with four Class I Members (Mr. Hugel, Mr. Spiezio, Mr. Rosenfeld and Mr. Glenn) and three Class II Members (Mr. Offerman, Mr.
Gottlieb and Mr. Chafetz). Effective August 1, 2023, John P. Spiezio was elected to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Dr.
Sonia Marciano. On October 11, 2023, Mr. Brian Glenn was elected by the Board of Directors to fill a newly-created seventh directorship.
 
The Company currently has two executive officers: Mr. David
Offerman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Ms. Subrata Purkayastha, the Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer. All officers
are selected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
 
David Offerman. On March 26, 2017, Mr. Offerman was
elected to the positions of Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer. David succeeded his late father, Michael Offerman,
who passed away on March 24, 2017. David Offerman has been a member of IEH’s Board of Directors since July 15, 2016. Prior to March
24, 2017, he was the Vice President – Sales and Marketing of the Company. He joined the Company in September 2004 as the National
Sales Manager and was appointed to Vice President – Sales and Marketing in April 2011. Prior to joining IEH, Mr. Offerman worked
as an account executive and sales manager in the telecommunication industry.
 


27
 

 
Mr. Offerman graduated from the University of Michigan in
1997 with a Bachelor of Arts in film and communications. In 2016, he received an MBA from the NYU Stern School of Business with a concentration
in leadership and management. We believe Mr. Offerman’s expertise in manufacturing, sales and strategy along with his extensive
experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
 
Subrata Purkayastha. On October 26, 2023, the Company
promoted Subrata Purkayastha from interim Chief Financial Officer to permanent Chief Financial Officer and executed a new employment
agreement with her effective as of November 1, 2023. Previously, on May 19, 2023, the Company appointed Subrata Purkayastha as its Interim
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Ms. Purkayastha’s appointment became effective on May 19, 2023. Ms. Purkayastha has served
as Controller of the Company since November 2021. Prior to joining the Company, from January 2019 to May 2021, Ms. Purkayastha served
as Controller of Sprouts Foods, Inc., a producer and distributor of premium organic foods intended for babies and toddlers. From July
2017 to January 2019, Ms. Purkayastha served as Accounting Manager at Sprouts Foods, Inc. where she provided timely and accurate financial
reporting to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and private equity partners. Prior to Sprout Foods Inc., from July
2015 to June 2017, Ms. Purkayastha served as Accounting Manager of Champions Oncology, Inc., a publicly-traded company engaged in the
development of advanced technology solutions and services to personalize the development of oncology drug development. Ms. Purkayastha
holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Carson-Newman University in Jefferson City, Tennessee and also received a Master’s
in Arts degree with a focus in International Banking and Finance from Fordham University. Ms. Purkayastha is also a Certified Public
Accountant.
 
Allen Gottlieb. Mr. Gottlieb has been a board member since 1992. He has a BS from NYU in Accounting and Finance, and an LL.B.
and JD from Brooklyn Law School. He currently operates his own firm specializing in Labor Relations and Human Resources consulting. He
also has extensive entrepreneurial experience in manufacturing, distribution, logistics, and hospitality, in both domestic and international
markets. The Company believes that his broad experience as well as his knowledge of IEH qualifies him to serve as a director of our Company.
 
Gerald Chafetz. Mr. Chafetz has been a member of
the Company’s Board of Directors since 2009. He is President of GEC Enterprises, LLC since 2011. GEC Enterprises, LLC is a property
management company headquartered in Rockville Centre, New York. He was previously President of Capitol City Companies. Prior to founding
Capitol City Companies, he had an extended 22-year executive career in the textile industry with several knitwear and high fashion manufacturers,
including Arista Knitwear, Berwick Fashion Knitwear and Beged-or Knitwear. Mr. Chafetz graduated from the University of Hartford in 1965
with a Bachelor of Science degree in business. We believe Mr. Chafetz’s expertise in executive management and manufacturing along
with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve as a director of our Company.
 
Eric C. Hugel, CPA, CFA. Eric C. Hugel has been a
member of IEH’s Board of Directors since July 15, 2016. Since May 2023, he has served as the Chief Financial Officer of Americraft
Marine Group LLC, a company with the mission to support and strengthen the U.S. shipbuilding industry and infrastructure. From July 2014
to May 2023, Mr. Hugel served as the Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Hugel Corporation, an online retailer.
From March 2013 to February 2014, Mr. Hugel held the position of Senior Institutional Specialist in U.S. Fundamental Equity Research
Analyst at McGraw Hill Financial – S&P Capital IQ providing investment advisory services. In particular he provided research
and analysis in the U.S. aerospace and defense and industrial conglomerates sectors. From July 2002 through June 2012 he was a managing
director at Stephens Inc. providing investment research and analytical services in the U.S. aerospace and defenses sectors. Mr. Hugel
graduated from Lehigh University in 1993 with a Bachelor of Science in accounting. We believe Mr. Hugel’s expertise in manufacturing
in the aerospace industry and finance along with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified
to serve as a director of our Company.
 


28
 

 
Michael E. Rosenfeld has been a member of the Company’s
Board of Directors since 2018. He is a co-founder, Principal, and Chief Operating Officer at Olive Tree Holdings, a real estate investment
firm headquartered in New York City specializing in the acquisition, management and transformation of multifamily communities across
dynamically growing markets within the U.S. Olive Tree Holdings leverages the significant entrepreneurial and operational strength of
its team to devise business plans that dramatically increase the value of its owned assets and maximize risk-adjusted returns for its
investors. To date, the firm has amassed a lifetime portfolio value of $2 billion and has acquired and transformed over 17,000 units
of workforce and affordable housing units across 9 states. From 2013-2016 he was Vice President and Chief of Staff at Bert E. Brodsky
& Associates, Inc., a private investment firm with a diverse multi-industry portfolio of owned companies. Prior to that from 2006-2013,
he served as Vice President of Business Development of Mobile Health Management Services, Inc., a subsidiary of Bert Brodsky & Associates,
Inc. Mr. Rosenfeld received his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Emory University in 2006, and his Master of Business Administration
(MBA) in Corporate Finance from the New York University Stern School of Business in 2016. We believe Mr. Rosenfeld’s expertise
in finance and accounting along with his extensive experience, qualifications, attributes and skills make him well qualified to serve
as a director of our Company.
 
John P. Spiezio, appointed on August 1, 2023, has
extensive experience in the aerospace and defense industries. After studying Economics, Computer Science, and Mathematics at Marquette
University, he returned to New York and began his 33-year career as the third-generation leader at Hicksville Machine Works, Inc. (“HMW”),
a supplier to prime aerospace & defense contractors throughout North America and Europe as well as the Department of Defense directly.
Over that time he gained extensive experience in operations, business development, and governance of a business operating in this specialized
industry. After HMW was sold in 2019, Mr. Spiezio worked, from March 2019 to April 2021, for a private equity firm engaged in building
a vertically integrated company that could produce and supply entire integrated systems to the aerospace and defense industries. Mr.
Spiezio serves on the corporate boards of MicroMetl Corporation and GRC Reality. Mr. Spiezio is also currently the Chairman of ADDAPT,
an industry group focused on defense and aerospace suppliers based in New York State. Mr. Spiezio possesses significant expertise about
the aerospace and defense industries and the markets in which we compete and as a Board member will be able to provide us with the benefits
of such knowledge. In addition, his extensive executive leadership qualities and knowledge strengthens the Board’s collective qualifications,
skills and experience.
 
Brian J. Glenn. Mr. Glenn was elected to the Board
of Directors of the Company in October 2023 to fill a newly created directorship previously authorized by the Board. Mr. Glenn will serve
an initial term expiring at the Company’s next annual meeting to be held and until his successor has been duly elected and qualified.
Mr. Glenn currently serves as the Chief Investment Officer for Premier Path Wealth Partners, an independent SEC-registered investment
advisory firm in Madison, New Jersey. Premier Path Wealth Partners manages more than $800 million in assets on behalf of business owners,
high net worth families, trusts, and charities. In 2018, Mr. Glenn founded Olcott Square Investment Partners, an investment firm with
a focus on companies that demonstrate durable advantages and secular growth prospects. From 2008 to 2018, Mr. Glenn worked at W.R. Huff
Asset Management, an investment firm that employed a rigorous, primary research process managing concentrated investment strategies across
the capital structure, where he helped steer investments in public equities, high-yield bonds, and leveraged loans. Mr. Glenn graduated
from the College of New Jersey with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and earned his Master in Business Administration
from Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management. Mr. Glenn holds the designation of Chartered Financial
Analyst and is a member of the CFA Society, New York. The Board has determined that Mr. Glenn is an “independent director”
in accordance with the listing standards of the OTC Pink Market. The Board appointed Mr. Glenn to the Audit Committee. He brings to our
Board his experience in the capital markets and his background adds an important capability to the Board, and strengthens the Board’s
collective qualifications, skills, and experience.
 
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
 
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s
directors and officers and persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s common
stock, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our common stock.
 


29
 

 
Officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required to furnish
the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) reports that they file. The Company believes that during the fiscal year ended March 31,
2024, all reports for the Company’s executive officers and directors that were required to be filed under Section 16 of the Exchange
Act were filed on a timely basis except (i) six (6) reports reporting an award of 5,000 non-qualified options to each of Allen Gottlieb,
Gerald Chafetz, Eric Hugel, Michael Rosenfield, John Spiezio and Brian Glenn; and (ii) one report reporting an award of 15,000 non-qualified
options to Subrata Purkayastha.
 
Director Independence; Meetings of Directors; Corporate
Governance; Committees of the Board 
 
Our Board of Directors currently consists of seven individuals.
Six of our directors are “independent” as defined in the Marketplace Rules of The NASDAQ Stock Market. During the fiscal
year ended March 31, 2024, our Board of Directors held nine meetings, the Audit Committee held five meetings, and the Compensation Committee
met on one occasion and took action by unanimous written consent on four occasions.
 
During the fiscal year ended March 29, 2019, our Board of
Directors approved the formation of an audit committee and a compensation committee, and each committee would initially have three (3)
members consisting of independent directors. On October 11, 2023, the Board nominated the following directors to each such committee:
(i) Audit Committee – Eric C. Hugel (Chair), John P. Spiezio and Brian J. Glenn; and (ii) Compensation Committee – Gerald
Chafetz (Chair), Allen Gottlieb and Michael E. Rosenfeld. Each of these Board committees has a written charter approved by the Board
of Directors.
 
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, a general
description of the duties of the committees were as follows:
 
Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee acts to: (i) review
with management the finances, financial condition and interim financial statements of the Company; (ii) review with our independent
registered public accounting firm the quarterly and year-end financial statements; (iii) review implementation with the independent
registered public accounting firm and management any action recommended by the independent registered public accounting firm; and (iv) engage,
retain and terminate our independent registered public accounting firm. Mr. Hugel, the Chair of the Audit Committee was also designated
as our Audit Committee Financial Expert. On August 1, 2023, the Board appointed Mr. John P. Spiezio to its Audit Committee. On October
11, 2023, the Board appointed Mr. Glenn to the Audit Committee.
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, all of the
members of our Audit Committee were “independent” within the definition of that term as provided by NASDAQ rules.
 
Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee
acts to: (i) review, approve and administer compensation arrangements for our executive officers; (ii) administer our equity-based compensation
plans, (iii) establish and review general policies relating to the compensation and benefits of our executive officers and other personnel,
(iv) evaluate the relationship between executive officer compensation policies and practices and corporate risk management to confirm
those policies and practices do not incentivize excessive risk-taking, and (iv) evaluate and make recommendations to our Board of Directors
regarding the compensation of our non-employee directors.
 
Security holder recommendations of director nominees.
The Board did not adopt any modifications to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to its Board of Directors.
 
Code of Ethics. The Company has adopted a Code of
Ethics, which has been made available on its website https://www.iehcorp.com/ethics-code
 


30
 

 

Item 11.Executive
                                            Compensation

 
The following table sets forth below the summary compensation
paid or accrued by the Company during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively, for the Company’s
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer: 
 


Name and Principal Position 
Year 
Salary ($) (1)  
Bonus ($) (2)  
Option Awards ($)  
All Other Compensation ($)  
Total ($) 

David Offerman 
2024 
 486,022  
 -  
 -  
        -  
 486,022 

Chief Executive Officer, President 
2023 
 474,000  
 75,000  
 -  
 -  
 549,000 

  
  
    
    
    
    
   

Subrata Purkayastha(3) 
2024 
 216,904  
 -  
 97,750  
 -  
 314,654 

Chief Financial Officer 
  
    
    
    
    
   

  
  
    
    
    
    
   

William H. Craig(4) 
2024 
 30,877  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 30,877 

Chief Financial Officer 
2023 
 245,000  
 -  
 -  
 -  
 245,000 

  


(1)
Amounts reported in this column reflect the base salaries
    earned during the applicable year.

 
 

(2)
Amounts reported in this column are related to the
    Cash Bonus Plan that was adopted in 1987.

 
 

(3)
Ms. Purkayastha was appointed to the position of Interim
    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer effective May 19, 2023 and promoted to permanent Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer effective
    November 1, 2023.

 
 

(4)
Mr. Craig resigned his employment with the Company,
    effective May 17, 2023. His options expired unexercised.

 
David Offerman – Employment Agreement
 
On July 29, 2019, IEH entered into an employment agreement
with David Offerman, its Chief Executive Officer and President. The employment agreement with Mr. Offerman is effective as of July 29,
2019 and will expire on December 31, 2024. Under the employment agreement, Mr. Offerman receives a base salary of $395,000 per annum
and is eligible to receive an annual bonus of up to 100% of base salary for each fiscal year of employment based on performance targets
and other key objectives established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
During the term of the employment agreement, he is also
eligible to receive equity or performance awards pursuant to any long-term incentive compensation plan adopted by the Compensation Committee.
 
In the event of the termination of Mr. Offerman’s
employment by us without “cause” or by him for “good reason”, as such terms are defined in the employment agreement,
he would be entitled to: (a) a severance payment of 36 months of base salary; (b) continued participation in our health and welfare plans
for up to 24 months; and (c) all accrued but unpaid compensation. Further, under the employment agreement, if within the three (3) year
period of a “change in control” (as defined in the employment agreement) either Mr. Offerman’s employment is terminated,
or his title, position or responsibilities are materially reduced and he terminates his employment, the Company shall pay and/or provide
to him substantially the same compensation and benefits as if his termination was without “cause” or for “good reason”,
subject to limitation to avoid the imposition of the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the “Code”) if such payments would constitute an “excess parachute payment” as defined in Section 280G of the
Code. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Offerman is subject to customary confidentiality, non-solicitation of employees and non-competition
obligations that survive the termination of such agreement.
 


31
 

 
Subrata Purkayastha – Employment Agreement
 
On October 26, 2023, the Company agreed to promote Subrata
Purkayastha from interim Chief Financial Officer to permanent Chief Financial Officer and to execute a new employment agreement effective
as of November 1, 2023. Her new employment agreement is substantially similar to her then existing employment agreement, dated as of
June 1, 2023 except as follows: (i) the term of the new employment agreement shall be for three years commencing November 1, 2023 and
expiring October 31, 2026; (ii) her annual salary shall be $250,000; and (iii) she is being granted 25,000 options to purchase the Company’s
common stock at an exercise price of $8.00 per share.
 
She will also be eligible to receive a bonus based on performance
targets and other key objectives established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. The employment agreement
further provides for the payment of severance pay and continued participation in health and welfare plans for up to 12 months in the
case of termination without cause. Ms. Purkayastha is subject to customary confidentiality and non-compete obligations that survive the
termination of the agreement.
 
Cash Bonus Plan
 
In 1987, the Company adopted a cash bonus plan (the “Cash
Bonus Plan”) for non-union, management and administration staff. Unless otherwise approved by the Company’s Compensation Committee
of the Board of Directors, contributions to the Cash Bonus Plan are made by the Company only when the Company is profitable for the fiscal
year. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s accrued bonus was $150,000 and $354,250, respectively. For the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2024, no bonus was accrued for senior management. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company reversed the bonus
accrued for senior management with respect to the fiscal year 2022. Bonus expense recorded for each of the years ended March 31, 2024
and 2023 was $203,175 and $82,901, respectively. The Company paid the bonus earned during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 of $354,250
in June 2023 and paid the bonus earned during fiscal year ended March 31, 2024 of $150,000 in June 2024.
 
Stock Option Plans
 
On November 18, 2020, the Board of Directors approved the
Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) for submission to shareholders at the 2020 annual meeting of
shareholders. On December 16, 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved the adoption of the 2020 Plan, which provides for options
and restricted stock awards to purchase up to 750,000 shares of common stock to award in the future as employee incentive compensation
to employees, management and directors of the Company.
 
Options granted to employees under the 2020 Plan may be
designated as options which qualify for incentive stock option treatment under Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code, or options
which do not qualify (non-qualified stock options).
 
Under the 2020 Plan, the exercise price of an option designated
as an incentive stock option shall not be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the day the option is
granted. In the event an option designated as an incentive stock option is granted to a ten percent (10%) shareholder, such exercise
price shall be at least 110 percent (110%) of the fair market value or the Company’s common stock and the option must not be exercisable
after the expiration of ten years from the day of the grant. The 2020 Plan also provides that holders of options that wish to pay for
the exercise price of their options with shares of the Company’s common stock must have beneficially owned such stock for at least
six months prior to the exercise date.
 
Exercise prices of non-incentive stock options may not be
less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock. The aggregate fair market value of shares subject to options granted
to a participants(s), which are designated as incentive stock options, and which become exercisable in any calendar year, shall not exceed
$100,000.
 


32
 

 
Outstanding Equity Awards as of March 31, 2024
 
The following table sets forth certain information regarding
outstanding equity awards granted to our named executive officers that remain outstanding as of March 31, 2024.
 


  
Option Awards 

Name 
Number of Securities Underlying
    Unexercised Options Exercisable  
Number of Securities Underlying
    Unexercised Options Un-exercisable  
Option Exercise Price  
Option Expiration Date 

David Offerman 
 45,217  
      -  
$6.00  
 7/1/2025 

  
 225,000  
 -  
 20.00  
 7/29/2029 

Subrata Purkayastha 
 10,000  
 -  
 12.25  
 11/1/2031 

  
 25,000  
 -  
 8.00  
 10/26/2033 

 
Non-Employee Director Equity Awards
 
The following table sets forth certain information regarding
outstanding equity awards granted to our non-employee directors that remain outstanding as of March 31, 2024.
 


  
Option Awards

Name 
Number of Securities Underlying
    Unexercised Options Exercisable  
Number of Securities Underlying
    Unexercised Options Un-exercisable  
Option Exercise Price  
Option Expiration Date

Allen Gottlieb 
 5,000  
    -  
$6.01  
5/8/2033

Gerald E. Chafetz 
 4,000  
 -  
 6.00  
7/1/2025

  
 5,000  
 -  
 6.01  
5/8/2033

Eric C. Hugel 
 5,000  
 -  
 5.30  
8/15/2026

  
 5,000  
 -  
 6.01  
5/8/2033

Michael E. Rosenfeld 
 5,000  
 -  
 12.75  
10/26/2028

  
 5,000  
 -  
 6.01  
5/8/2033

John P. Spiezio 
 5,000  
 -  
 7.25  
8/1/2033

Brian J. Glenn 
 5,000  
 -  
 8.00  
10/10/2033

 
Non-Employee Director Compensation
 
The following table sets forth the compensation (cash and
equity) received by our non-employee directors during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.
 


Name 
Fees Earned or Paid
    in Cash  
Option Awards  
Total 

Allen Gottlieb 
$15,000  
$15,900  
$30,900 

Gerald E. Chafetz 
 17,500  
 15,900  
 33,400 

Eric C. Hugel 
 17,500  
 15,900  
 33,400 

Sonia
    Marciano(1) 
 3,750  
 15,900  
 19,650 

Michael E. Rosenfeld 
 16,250  
 15,900  
 32,150 

John P. Spiezio 
 11,250  
 19,550  
 30,800 

Brian J. Glenn 
 7,500  
 19,500  
 27,000 

 

(1)Sonia Marciano resigned
                                            effective July 31, 2023. These options were fully exercised by Sonia Marciano on October
                                            26, 2023.

 
Effective after March 31, 2023, non-executive directors
were compensated through an annual director fee of $10,000, payable quarterly. Each director shall also receive an annual fee of $5,000
for service on each committee, payable quarterly. The chairman of each committee shall receive an additional annual fee of $2,500, payable
quarterly.
 

33
 

 

Item
                            12.Security
                                            Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 
The following table sets forth certain information as of
June 14, 2024 with respect to: (i) the persons (including any “group” as that term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange
Act), known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of any class of the Company’s voting securities;
(ii) each Named Executive Officer and Director who owns common stock in the Company; and (iii) all Executive Officers and Directors as
a group. As of June 14, 2024, there were 2,380,251 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The figures stated below are based upon
Schedule 13Ds, Schedule 13D/As, Form 3s and Form 4s filed with the SEC by the named persons.
 
We have determined beneficial ownership in accordance with
the rules of the SEC. Under these rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares of common stock as to which the individual or entity
has sole or shared voting power or investment power. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by an individual or entity
and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of common stock subject to options held by such person that are currently exercisable
or will become exercisable within 60 days of June 14, 2024 are considered outstanding, although these shares are not considered outstanding
for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
 
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial
owner listed in the table below is c/o IEH Corporation, 140 58th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11220.
 
Each of the shareholders listed has sole voting and investment
power with respect to the shares beneficially owned by the shareholder unless noted otherwise, subject to community property laws where
applicable.
 


  
Beneficial Ownership 

Beneficial Owner 
Number of Shares  
Percent of Total 

Greater than 5% Stockholders 
    
   

David
    Offerman(1) 
 676,665  
 25.5%

Gail
    Offerman(2) 
 499,606  
 21.0%

Zeff
    Capital LP(3) 
 232,862  
 9.8%

Directors and Named Executive Officers 
    
   

David
    Offerman(1) 
 676,665  
 25.5%

Subrata
    Purkayastha(4) 
 50,000  
 2.1%

Gerald
    E. Chafetz(5) 
 9,000  
 * 

Allen
    Gottlieb(6) 
 5,000  
 * 

Michael
    E. Rosenfeld(7) 
 10,000  
 * 

Eric
    Hugel(8) 
 10,000  
 * 

John
    P. Spiezio (elected as a Director effective August 1, 2023)(9) 
 5,000  
 * 

Brian
    J. Glenn (elected as a Director effective October 11, 2023)(10) 
 5,000  
 * 

All executive officers and directors as
    a group (8 persons) 
 770,665  
 28.1%

 

*Denotes
                                            ownership percentage of less than 1%.

 
All shares set forth above are owned directly by the named
individual unless otherwise stated.
 


 
(1)
Owns vested options to purchase 270,217 shares of common
    stock.

 
(2)
Based on a Form 4 dated September 21, 2021 filed by
    the reporting person. The address of the principal business office of each of the reporting persons is 27110 Grand Central Parkway,
    APT. 10-V, Floral Park, NY 11005.

 
(3)
Based on a Schedule 13G dated January 4, 2022 filed
    by Zeff Capital, LP, Zeff Holding Company, LLC and Daniel Zeff. Each reporting person has shared voting and dispositive power with
    respect to 232,862 shares of common stock. The address of the principal business office of each of the reporting persons is 400 S.
    McCadden Pl., Los Angeles, CA 90020.

 
(4)
Owns vested options to purchase 50,000 shares of common
    stock.

 
(5)
Owns vested options to purchase 9,000 shares of common
    stock. 

 
(6)
Owns vested options to purchase 5,000 shares of common
    stock.

 
(7)
Owns vested options to purchase 10,000 shares of common
    stock.

 
(8)
Owns vested options to purchase 10,000 shares of common
    stock.

 
(9)
Owns vested options to purchase 5,000 shares of common
    stock.

 
(10)
Owns vested options to purchase 5,000 shares of common
    stock.

 

34
 

 
Equity Compensation Plan Information
 
The following table provides information as of March 31,
2024, regarding shares of common stock that may be issued under the Company’s equity compensation plans (the “Equity Plan”).
Information is included for both equity compensation plans approved by the Company’s shareholders and not approved by the Company’s
shareholders.
 


Plan Category 
(a) Number of securities
    to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights  
(b) Weighted- average
    exercise  price of outstanding options,  warrants and rights  
(c) Number of securities
    remaining available  for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column
    (a)) 

Equity compensation plans approved
    by security holders 
 502,217  
$13.41  
 635,000 

Equity compensation plans not approved by
    security holders 
 -  
 -  
 - 

Total 
 502,217  
$13.41  
 635,000 

 

Item
                            13.Certain
                                            Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 
Other than the employment terms for its executive officers
as described elsewhere in this Form 10-K, and as described below, there have been no related party transactions that are required to
be disclosed pursuant to Item 404. Messrs. Gottlieb, Chafetz, Hugel, Rosenfeld, Spiezio, Glenn and Ms. Marciano are deemed independent
directors of the Company pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations.
 

Item
                            14.Principal
                                            Accountant Fees and Services

  
On June 29, 2023, the Board of Directors engaged Marcum
LLP (“Marcum LLP”) (PCAOB ID: 688) as the independent auditor of IEH for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.
 
Audit Fees. During the fiscal years ended March 31,
2024 and 2023, IEH audit fees were $386,000 and $386,000, respectively to Marcum LLP for fees related to the audit of its financial statements.
 
Audit Related Fees. During the fiscal years ended
March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, $0 and $0 were paid.
 
Tax Fees. During the fiscal years ended March 31,
2024 and 2023, $26,033 and $10,558 were paid for tax related services, respectively.
 
All Other Fees. During the fiscal years ended March
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, IEH did not pay any other fees for services to its independent auditor.
 
The Board of Directors has determined that the services
provided by Marcum LLP and the fees paid to it for such services during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, have not compromised
the independence of Marcum LLP and has been approved by the Audit Committee.
 


35
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
PART IV
 

Item
                            15.Exhibits
                                            and Financial Statement Schedules.

 


 
(a)
Documents filed as part of this report.

 


 
1.
The following financial statements of IEH Corporation
    and Report of Independent Registered Accounting Firm, are included in this report:

 


 
 
Page
    Number

Independent Auditors’ Report
    – Marcum LLP (PCAOB ID: 688)
 
F-2

Balance Sheets
 
F-4

Statements of Operations
 
F-5

Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
 
F-6

Statements of Cash Flows
 
F-7

Notes to Financial Statements
 
F-8

 


 
2.
List of financial statement schedules:

 
All schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable
or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto. 
 


 
3.
List of Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation
    S-K. See part (b) below.

 
(b) Exhibits
 
The exhibits filed as part
of this annual Report on Form 10-K are set forth on the Exhibit Index, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
 


36
 

 
EXHIBIT INDEX
 


Exhibit
    No.
 
Description

 
 
 

3.1
 
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of
    the Company (filed as Exhibit C-4 to Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 27, 1991).

 
 
 

3.2
 
By-Laws of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.2 on Annual
    Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 27, 1994).

 
 
 

4.1
 
Form of Common Stock Certificate of the Company (filed
    as Exhibit 4.1 on Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended March 27, 1994).

 
 
 

4.2
 
Description of Securities (filed as Exhibit 4.2 on Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022).

 
 
 

10.1(†)
 
2011 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit A to definitive Proxy Statement dated August 31, 2011).

 
 
 

10.2(†)
 
2020 Equity Stock Based Compensation Plan (filed as Annex A to definitive Proxy Statement dated November 23, 2020).

 
 
 

10.3(†)
 
Employment Agreement between the Company and David Offerman, dated as of July 31, 2019 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 31, 2019).

 
 
 

10.4(†)
 
Employment Agreement between the Company and William H. Craig dated as of September 21, 2022 and effective as of July 1, 2022 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2022).

 
 
 

10.45(†)
 
Employment Agreement between the Company and Subrata Purkayastha dated as of November 1, 2023 and effective as of November 1, 2023 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2023).

 
 
 

21* 
 
Subsidiaries of the Company

 
 
 

23.1*
 
Consent of Marcum LLP

 
 
 

31.1*
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 
 
 

31.2*
 
Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 17 CFR 240.13a-14(a) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 
 
 

32.1**
 
Certifications by Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 17 CFR 240.13a-14(b) or 17 CFR 240.15d-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 
 
 

101.1*
 
The following information from IEH Corporation’s
    Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting language)
    and filed electronically herewith: (i) the Balance Sheets; (ii) the Statements of Operations; (iii) the Statements of Stockholders’
    Equity; (iv) the Statements of Cash Flow; and (v) the Notes to Financial Statements.

 
 
 

101.INS*
 
Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
    S-T formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (“Inline XBRL”)

 
 
 

101.SCH*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

 
 
 

101.CAL*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
    Document

 
 
 

101.DEF*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
    Document

 
 
 

101.LAB*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

 
 
 

101.PRE*
 
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
    Document

 
 
 

104
 
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline
    XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

 


*
Exhibits filed herewith.

**
Exhibits furnished herewith.

†
Indicates management contract
    or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

Item
                            16.Form
                                            10-K Summary.

 
None.
  

37
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, IEH Corporation has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 


 
IEH CORPORATION

 
 
 

 
By:
/s/ David
    Offerman

 
 
David Offerman

 
 
Chairman of the Board, President and 
    Chief Executive Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer)

 
Dated: June 14, 2024
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and
on the dates indicated.
 


/s/
    David Offerman
 
June 14, 2024

David Offerman, 
 
 

Chairman of the Board, President and 
Chief Executive
    Officer
    (Principal Executive Officer) 
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ Subrata
    Purkayastha
 
June 14, 2024

Subrata Purkayastha, 
 
 

Chief Financial Officer
    (Principal Financial Officer) 
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ Allen
    Gottlieb
 
June 14, 2024

Allen Gottlieb, Director
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ Gerald
    E. Chafetz
 
June 14, 2024

Gerald E. Chafetz, Director
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ Eric C.
    Hugel
 
June 14, 2024

Eric C. Hugel, Director
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ Michael
    E. Rosenfeld
 
June 14, 2024

Michael E. Rosenfeld, Director
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ John P.
    Spiezio
 
June 14, 2024

John P. Spiezio, Director
 
 

 
 
 

/s/ Brian
    J. Glenn
 
June 14, 2024

Brian J. Glenn, Director
 
 

 
 
 

 


38
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Index to Financial Statements
 
      Page      Number         Independent Auditors’ Report – Marcum LLP (PCAOB ID: 688)   F-2         Balance Sheets   F-4         Statements of Operations   F-5         Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity     F-6         Statements of Cash Flows   F-7         Notes to Financial Statements   F-8 
 

F-1
 

 
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
 
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
IEH Corporation
 
Opinion on the Financial Statements
 
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of IEH Corporation
(the “Company”) as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the related statements of operations, changes in stockholders’ equity
and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended March 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial
statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the
Company as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended
March 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
Basis for Opinion
 
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public
accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required
to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations
of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB.
Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an
audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal
control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
 
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such
procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits
also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
Critical Audit Matters 
 
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising
from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee
and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging,
subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial
statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical
audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
 

F-2
 

 
Valuation of Inventories
 
We identified inventory valuation as a critical audit matter. The
principal consideration for our determination that the valuation of inventory is a critical audit matter is because of the significance
of the balance sheet item, the significant assumptions management makes with regards to its valuation of inventory and the high degree
of subjective auditor judgment associated with evaluating management’s determination of the value of inventory.
 
To address the matter, it involved performing procedures and evaluating
audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the  financial statements. Our procedures related to the
valuation of inventory included, among others:
 

●We
obtained an understanding and evaluated the design of the internal controls over management’s valuation of inventory.

 


 
●
We obtained from management the master schedule of inventory values
with adjustments from raw materials, work in process, and finished goods; the schedule for calculation of manufacturing overhead; and
the analysis of inventory reserve.

 


 
-
We assessed the qualifications and competence of management;
    and

 


 
-
We evaluated the methodologies used to determine the
    reasonableness and accuracy of adjustments, overhead rates, and allowance for obsolete inventory.

 


 
●
We tested the pricing used to determine the average
    costs of raw materials and supplies, the net realizable value of finished goods and work in process, and the estimates of which materials
    may be obsolete.

 


 
●
We assessed the reasonableness of the schedules of
    management’s estimates by inquiring with management to understand the analysis of inventoried raw material parts as applied
    to quantities and costs for each of the periods presented.

 


 
●
We evaluated management’s provision for slow-moving
    and obsolete inventory calculation, by reviewing inputs, including historical sales activity versus on-hand inventory levels, we
    reviewed current selling prices versus current cost.

 

/s/ Marcum llp

   
Marcum llp 

 
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
 
New York, NY
June 14, 2024
 


F-3
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEETS
 


  
As of 
March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Assets 
   
  

Current assets: 
   
  

Cash and cash equivalents 
$6,139,823  
$8,344,706 

Accounts receivable 
 3,913,731  
 2,985,936 

Inventories 
 8,731,618  
 9,446,392 

Corporate income taxes receivable 
 2,199,174  
 1,723,473 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 
 187,984  
 96,783 

Total current assets 
 21,172,330  
 22,597,290 

  
    
   

Non-current assets: 
    
   

Property, plant and equipment, net 
 3,340,615  
 3,865,066 

Operating lease right-of-use assets 
 2,324,753  
 2,661,779 

Security deposit 
 75,756  
 75,756 

Total assets 
$26,913,454  
$29,199,891 

  
    
   

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity 
    
   

Current liabilities: 
    
   

Accounts payable 
$781,082  
$1,054,078 

Customer advance payments 
 882,525  
 20,639 

Operating lease liabilities 
 351,804  
 317,334 

Other current liabilities 
 861,208  
 902,149 

Total current liabilities 
 2,876,619  
 2,294,200 

  
    
   

Operating lease liabilities, non-current 
 2,237,317  
 2,589,121 

Total liabilities 
 5,113,936  
 4,883,321 

  
    
   

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10) 
    
   

  
    
   

Stockholders’ Equity 
    
   

Common Stock, $0.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 2,380,251 and 2,370,251 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively 
 23,803  
 23,703 

Additional paid-in capital 
 7,966,074  
 7,566,324 

Retained earnings 
 13,809,641  
 16,726,543 

Total Stockholders’ Equity 
 21,799,518  
 24,316,570 

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’
    Equity 
$26,913,454  
$29,199,891 

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
 

F-4
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

  
   
  

Revenue 
$21,524,544  
$19,136,890 

  
    
   

Costs and expenses: 
    
   

Cost of products sold 
 18,257,621  
 18,395,865 

Selling, general and administrative 
 6,156,191  
 5,519,278 

Depreciation and amortization 
 871,619  
 1,034,559 

Total operating expenses 
 25,285,431  
 24,949,702 

  
    
   

Operating loss 
 (3,760,887) 
 (5,812,812)

  
    
   

Other income (expense): 
    
   

Other income 
 -  
 85,231 

Interest income (expense), net 
 126,694  
 31,037 

Total other income (expense), net 
 126,694  
 116,268 

  
    
   

Loss before benefit from (provision for) income taxes 
 (3,634,193) 
 (5,696,544)

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes 
 717,291  
 (806,380)

Net loss 
$(2,916,902) 
$(6,502,924)

  
    
   

Net loss earnings per common share: 
    
   

Basic 
$(1.23) 
$(2.74)

Diluted 
$(1.23) 
$(2.74)

  
    
   

Weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares (in thousands): 
    
   

Basic 
 2,375  
 2,370 

Diluted 
 2,375  
 2,370 

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
 

F-5
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’
EQUITY
 


  
Common Stock  
Additional  Paid-in  
Retained  
Total Stockholders’ 

  
Shares  
Amount  
Capital  
Earnings  
Equity 

  
   
   
   
   
  

Balances at March 31, 2022 
 2,370,251  
$23,703  
$7,566,324  
$23,229,467  
$30,819,494 

  
    
    
    
    
   

Net loss 
 -  
 -  
 -  
 (6,502,924) 
 (6,502,924)

  
    
    
    
    
   

Balances at March 31, 2023 
 2,370,251  
$23,703  
$7,566,324  
$16,726,543  
$24,316,570 

  
    
    
    
    
   

Exercise of stock options 
 10,000  
 100  
 56,450  
 -  
 56,550 

  
    
    
    
    
   

Stock-based compensation 
 -  
 -  
 343,300  
 -  
 343,300 

  
    
    
    
    
   

Net loss 
 -  
 -  
 -  
 (2,916,902) 
 (2,916,902)

  
    
    
    
    
   

Balances at March 31, 2024 
 2,380,251  
$23,803  
$7,966,074  
$13,809,641  
$21,799,518 

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
 

F-6
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
 March
    31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Cash flows from operating activities: 
   
  

Net loss 
$(2,916,902) 
$(6,502,924)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: 
    
   

Depreciation and amortization 
 871,619  
 1,034,559 

Stock-based compensation expense 
 343,300  
 - 

Inventory obsolescence provision 
 340,402  
 222,000 

Deferred income taxes, net 
 -  
 806,380 

Operating lease right-of-use assets 
 502,876  
 502,876 

  
    
   

Changes in assets and liabilities: 
    
   

Accounts receivable 
 (927,795) 
 53,532 

Inventories 
 374,372  
 59,995 

Corporate income taxes receivable 
 (475,701) 
 373,007 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 
 (91,201) 
 15,390 

Accounts payable 
 (272,996) 
 245,447 

Customer advance payments 
 861,886  
 (77,246)

Operating lease liabilities 
 (483,184) 
 (469,110)

Other current liabilities 
 (40,941) 
 (48,957)

Net cash used in operating activities 
 (1,914,265) 
 (3,785,051)

  
    
   

Cash flows from investing activities: 
    
   

Acquisition of property, plant and equipment 
 (347,168) 
 (545,514)

Net cash used in investing activities 
 (347,168) 
 (545,514)

  
    
   

Cash flows from financing activities: 
    
   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options 
 56,550  
 - 

Net cash provided by financing activities 
 56,550  
 - 

  
    
   

Net decrease in cash 
 (2,204,883) 
 (4,330,565)

Cash - beginning of fiscal year 
 8,344,706  
 12,675,271 

Cash - end of fiscal year 
$6,139,823  
$8,344,706 

  
    
   

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: 
    
   

Cash paid during the year for: 
    
   

Interest 
$216  
$- 

Income Taxes 
$3,090  
$7,804 

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these financial statements.
 

F-7
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 1 
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS:

 
Overview:
 
IEH Corporation (hereinafter referred to as “IEH”
or the “Company”) began in New York, New York in 1941. IEH was incorporated in March, 1943.
 
The Company designs and manufactures Hyperboloid connectors
that not only accommodate, but exceed military and aerospace specification standards.
 


Note 2 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:

 
Revenue Recognition
 
The core principle underlying Accounting Standards Codification
(“ASC”) ASC Topic 606 (“ASC 606”), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, is to recognize revenue
to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects
to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 sets out the following steps for an entity to follow when applying the
core principle to its revenue generating transactions:
 


 
●
Identify the contract with a customer

 
 
 

 
●
Identify the performance obligations in the contract
    

 
 
 

 
●
Determine the transaction price 

 
 
 

 
●
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations
    

 
 
 

 
●
Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation
    is satisfied 

 
The Company recognizes revenue and the related cost of products
sold when the performance obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations are typically satisfied upon shipment of physical goods.
In addition to the satisfaction of the performance obligations, the following conditions are required for revenue recognition: an arrangement
exists, there is a fixed price, and collectability is reasonably assured.
 
The Company does not offer any discounts, credits or other
sales incentives. Historically, the Company has not had an issue with uncollectible accounts receivable.
 
The Company will accept a return of defective products within
one year from shipment for repair or replacement at the Company’s option. If the product is repairable, the Company at its own
cost, will repair and return it to the customer. If unrepairable, the Company will provide a replacement at its own cost. Historically,
returns and repairs have not been material. 


F-8
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 2 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued):

 
Revenue Recognition, continued
 
The Company’s disaggregated revenue by geographical
location is as follows:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
     March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Domestic 
$19,694,271  
$16,297,959 

International 
 1,830,273  
 2,838,931 

Total 
$21,524,544  
$19,136,890 

 
Approximately 19.4% and 39.8% of the international net revenues
for fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, represent sales to customers located in China.
 
The Company’s disaggregated revenue by industry as
a percentage of total revenue is provided below:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Industry 
%  
% 

Defense 
 60.6  
 56.3 

Commercial Aerospace 
 27.3  
 25.7 

Space 
 7.8  
 9.4 

Other 
 4.3  
 8.6 

  
 100.0  
 100.0 

 
Cash and Cash Equivalents:
 
Cash and cash equivalents represent cash and short-term
highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with high
credit quality financial institutions that may exceed federally insured amounts at times. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company
had cash equivalents of $3,500,000 and $-, respectively.
 
Inventories:
 
Inventories are comprised of raw materials, work-in-process
and finished goods, and are stated at cost, on a weighted average basis, which does not exceed net realizable value. The Company manufactures
products pursuant to specific technical and contractual requirements.
 
The Company annually reviews its purchase and usage activity
of its inventory of parts as well as work in process and finished goods to determine which items of inventory have become obsolete within
the framework of current and anticipated orders. The Company estimates which materials may be obsolete and which products in work in
process or finished goods may be sold at less than cost. A periodic adjustment, based upon historical experience is made to inventory
in recognition of this impairment. The Company’s allowance for obsolete inventory was $773,402 and $433,000 as of March 31, 2024
and 2023, respectively, and was reflected as a reduction of inventory. 


F-9
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 2 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued):

 
Concentration of Credit Risk:
 
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company
to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
 
At times, the Company’s cash in banks was in excess
of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any loss as a result of these deposits.
The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers or invoices billed to customers that represent
unconditional rights to payment. Our customers are located within the U.S. and internationally. The Company believes there is no material
exposure to any significant credit risks related to its accounts receivable and has not experienced any material losses in such accounts.
 
Property, Plant and Equipment:
 
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated
depreciation and amortization. The Company provides for depreciation and amortization on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful
lives (5–7 years) of the related assets.
 
Maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to operations,
and renewals and betterments are capitalized. Items of property, plant and equipment, which are sold, retired or otherwise disposed of,
are removed from the asset and accumulated depreciation or amortization account. Any gain or loss thereon is either credited or charged
to operations.
 
Income Taxes:
 
The Company’s current provision for income taxes is
based upon its estimated taxable income in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates, after considering the impact on taxable income
of temporary and permanent differences resulting from different treatment of items for tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and any operating loss or tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the
generation of future taxable income in those periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Should management determine that
it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance against the deferred
tax assets would be established in the period such determination was made. 


F-10
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 2
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued):

 
Uncertain Tax Positions:
 
The Company has recorded liabilities for underpayment of
income taxes and related interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions based on the determination of whether tax benefits claimed
or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from
an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities
based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such position should be measured
based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company
recognizes accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits as part of the income tax provision.
 
Net Loss Per Share:
 
The Company accounts for earnings per share pursuant to
ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per Share”, which requires disclosure on the financial statements of “basic” and “diluted”
earnings per share. Basic loss per common share are computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding
for the fiscal year. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding
plus common stock equivalents (if dilutive).
 
Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated as follows:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

  
   
  

Net loss 
$(2,916,902) 
$(6,502,924)

  
    
   

Net loss per common share, basic and diluted 
$(1.23) 
$(2.74)

  
    
   

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding basic and fully diluted (in thousands) 
 2,375  
 2,370 

 
Potentially dilutive securities outlined in the table below
have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect of their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
 


 
 
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31,
 

 
 
2024
 
 
2023
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Potentially dilutive options to purchase common shares
 
 
502,217
 
 
 
467,217
 
 


F-11
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 2 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued):

 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
 
The carrying value of the Company’s financial instruments,
consisting of accounts receivable and accounts payable, approximate their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these instruments.
The Company is exposed to credit risk through its cash but mitigates this risk by keeping these deposits at major financial institutions.
 
ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”,
provides the framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation
techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).
 
Fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the
amount that would be received upon the sale of an asset or payment to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.
 
Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined
based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. A three-tier fair value hierarchy is used to
prioritize the inputs in measuring fair value as follows:
 
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities
in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that
are observable, either directly or indirectly.
 
Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that cannot be
corroborated by market data and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data or correlation by
other means.
 
Use of Estimates:
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
US generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements. The Company utilizes estimates with respect to determining the useful lives of fixed assets, the fair value
of stock based instruments, an incremental borrowing rate for determining for its leases the present value of lease payments, the calculation
of inventory obsolescence, as well as determining the amount of the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets, net. Actual amounts
could differ from those estimates. 


F-12
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 2 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued):

 
Segment Information:
 
The Company identifies its operating segments in accordance
with ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting”. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate
discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding
how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer,
manages the Company’s operations on a combined basis for the purposes of allocating resources. Accordingly, the Company has determined
it operates and manages its business in a single reportable operating segment.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets:
 
The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC Topic 360,
“Property, Plant and Equipment-Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets,” and requires that long-lived assets and certain
identifiable intangibles to be held and used by an entity be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. There were no long-lived asset impairments recognized by the Company for
the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 
Stock-Based Compensation:
 
Compensation expense for stock options granted to directors,
officers and key employees is based on the fair value of the award on the measurement date, which is the date of the grant. The expense
is recognized ratably over the service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation
model. The fair value of any other non-vested stock awards is generally the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date
of the grant.
 
Fair value of the stock options granted during the fiscal
year ended March 31, 2024 were determined using the assumptions provided below. There were no stock options granted during the fiscal
year ended March 31, 2023.
 
     For the Fiscal Years Ended March 31,      2024   2023   Weighted average stock price  $        7.07   $      -   Expected life (in years)   5.0    -   Expected volatility   54.5%   -%  Dividend yield   -%   -%  Weighted average risk-free interest rate, per annum   4.1%   -%  



F-13
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 



Note 2 
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued):

 
Recent Accounting Standard Adopted:
 
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
 
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update
(“ASU”) 2016-13 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
(“ASU 2016-13”), which was subsequently revised by ASU 2018-19 and ASU 2020-02. ASU 2016-13 introduced a new model for assessing
impairment on most financial assets. Entities are required to use a forward-looking expected loss model, which replaced the previously
used incurred loss model, which is expected to result in earlier recognition of allowance for losses. ASU 2016-13 was adopted by the
Company on April 1, 2023, which is the beginning of the first interim period of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024. The Company has
evaluated the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, and related updates, and has determined that the impact was not material to its
financial statements and disclosures.
 
Recent Accounting Standard Not Yet Adopted
 
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU
2023-09 – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures.
The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is available. The
Company is still evaluating the full extent of the potential impact of the adoption of ASU 2023-09, but believes it will not have a material
impact on its financial statements and disclosures.
 
Subsequent Events:
 
The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions
that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the financial statements were available to be issued. The Company did
not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.
 


Note 3 
INVENTORIES:

 
Inventories are comprised of the following: 
 


  
As of March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Raw materials 
$7,808,768  
$8,332,522 

Work in progress 
 1,372,041  
 1,048,097 

Finished goods 
 324,211  
 498,773 

Allowance for obsolete inventory 
 (773,402) 
 (433,000)

  
$8,731,618  
$9,446,392 

 


Note 4 
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

 
Property, plant and equipment are as follows:
 


  
As of March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Computers 
$668,558  
$639,204 

Leasehold improvements 
 2,938,171  
 2,922,521 

Machinery and equipment 
 8,128,945  
 7,989,915 

Tools and dies 
 5,436,350  
 5,286,624 

Furniture and fixtures 
 370,760  
 357,352 

Website development cost 
 9,785  
 9,785 

  
$17,552,569  
$17,205,401 

  
    
   

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization 
 (14,211,954) 
 (13,340,335)

Property, plant and equipment, net 
$3,340,615  
$3,865,066 

 
Depreciation and amortization expense for the fiscal years
ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $871,619 and $1,034,559, respectively.
 

F-14
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 5 
OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES:

 
Other current liabilities are comprised of the following:
 


  
As of March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Payroll and vacation accruals 
$731,642  
$788,136 

Sales commissions 
 39,720  
 58,685 

Other current liabilities 
 89,846  
 55,328 

  
$861,208  
$902,149 

 


Note 6 
LEASES:

 
Under ASC Topic 842, “Lessors—Leases with Variable
Lease Payments”, lease expense is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease term
consists of non-cancelable periods and may include options to extend or terminate the lease term, when it is reasonably certain such
options will be exercised.
 
The Company enters into contracts in the normal course of
business and assesses whether any such contracts contain a lease. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception if
it conveys the right to control the identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company classifies leases
as operating or financing in nature and records the associated lease liability and right-of-use asset on its balance sheet. The lease
liability represents the present value of future lease payments, net of lease incentives, discounted using an incremental borrowing rate,
which is a management estimate based on the information available at the commencement date of a lease arrangement. With respect to operating
lease arrangements, the Company accounts for lease components, and non-lease components that are fixed, as a single lease component.
Non-lease components that are variable are expensed as incurred as in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company
recognizes costs associated with lease arrangements having an initial term of 12 months or less (“short-term leases”) on
a straight-line basis over the lease term; such short-term leases are not recorded on the balance sheet.
 
Balance sheet information related to our leases is presented
below:
 


 
 
 
 
As
    of March 31,
 

 
 
Balance
    Sheet Location
 
2024
 
 
2023
 

Operating leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Right-of-use assets
 
Operating lease right-of-use assets
 
$
2,324,753
 
 
$
2,661,779
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Right-of-use liability, current
 
Operating lease liabilities
 
$
351,804
 
 
$
317,334
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Right-of-use lease liability, long-term
 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current
 
$
2,237,317
 
 
$
2,589,121
 

 
The lease expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024
and 2023 was $567,643 and $550,904, respectively. In addition to the base rent, the Company pays insurance premiums and utility charges
relating to the use of the premises. The Company considers its present facilities to be adequate for its present and anticipated future
needs.
 
The basic minimum annual rental remaining on the leases
is $3,098,408 as of March 31, 2024. 


F-15
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 6
LEASES (continued):

 
The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted
average discount rate for operating leases were:
 
     As of March 31,      2024   2023   Other information          Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases   6.00%   6.00%  Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating lease (in years)   5.8    6.8  
 
The total remaining operating lease payments included in
the measurement of lease liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 was as follows:
 


For
                                            the fiscal year ended March 31: 
Operating
                                            Lease Payments 

2025 
$497,684 

2026 
 519,036 

2027 
 547,460 

2028 
 563,891 

2029 
 408,429 

Thereafter 
 561,908 

Total gross operating lease payments 
 3,098,408 

Less: imputed interest 
 (509,287)

Total lease liabilities, reflecting present
    value of future minimum lease payments 
$2,589,121 

 

F-16
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 7 
INCOME TAXES:

 
The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions
of ASC Topic 740 (“ASC 740”), “Income Taxes”. Under ASC 740, deferred income tax assets or liabilities are computed
based upon the temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the currently
enacted marginal income tax rates. Deferred income tax expense or credits are based on the changes in the deferred income tax assets
or liabilities from period to period.
 
The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the
following:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

  
   
  

Current: 
   
  

Federal 
$812,714  
$- 

State and local 
 (1,530,005) 
 - 

Total current tax benefit 
 (717,291) 
 - 

  
    
   

Deferred: 
    
   

Federal 
 -  
 755,981 

State and local 
 -  
 50,399 

Total deferred tax expense 
 -  
 806,380 

  
    
   

Total provision (benefit) 
$(717,291) 
$806,380 
 


F-17
 

  
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 7 
INCOME TAXES (Continued):

 
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise
to significant portions of the deferred tax assets are as follows:
 


  
As of March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

Deferred tax assets: 
   
  

Net operating loss 
$1,727,759  
$1,556,081 

Operating right-of-use liability 
 592,908  
 624,914 

Stock options 
 837,520  
 798,083 

Accrued expenses 
 48,376  
 18,045 

Capitalized research and development costs 
 137,860  
 - 

Inventory 
 263,969  
 189,282 

Total deferred tax assets 
 3,608,392  
 3,186,405 

Valuation allowance 
 (2,537,690) 
 (2,049,283)

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation
    allowance 
 1,070,702  
 1,137,122 

  
    
   

Deferred tax liabilities: 
    
   

Depreciation 
 538,334  
 564,816 

Operating lease right-of-use assets 
 532,368  
 572,306 

Total deferred tax liabilities 
 1,070,702  
 1,137,122 

  
    
   

Deferred tax assets (liability), net 
$-  
$- 
 


F-18
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 7 
INCOME TAXES (Continued):

 
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes with
the amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal income tax rate to income before provision for income taxes is as follows:
 


  
For the Fiscal Years Ended
    March 31, 

  
2024  
2023 

  
   
  

U.S. federal statutory rate 
 21.0% 
 21.0%

State taxes, net of federal benefit 
 1.9% 
 0.5%

Stock-based compensation 
 (2.2)% 
 (0.4)%

Other 
 -% 
 0.3%

True-up of tax provision 
 12.4% 
 0.4%

Valuation allowance 
 (13.4)% 
 (36.0)%

Effective tax rate 
 19.7% 
 (14.2)%

 
During the fiscal year ended March 29, 2019, the Company received
a remittance of $460,442 from the Internal Revenue Service. The remittance was not initially clear as to the basis for providing the funds
to the Company. Since the receipt of these funds and through December 31, 2023, the Company has reflected this amount as an obligation
to the Internal Revenue Service. During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, the Company determined that the funds
were properly remitted to the Company, and accordingly recorded a tax benefit of $460,442 to recognize these funds.
 
For the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s effective
tax rate was 19.7%, which consisted principally of a federal rate of 21%, the Company’s estimate of state taxes, net of federal
benefit, of 1.9%, and true-up to prior years returns of 12.4%, offset by a charge of (13.4%) for an increase in the valuation allowance
for the Company’s deferred tax assets at March 31, 2024.
 
For the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company’s effective
tax rate was (14.2)%, which consisted principally of a federal rate of 21%, and the Company’s estimate of state taxes, net of federal
benefit, of 0.5%, offset by a charge of (36.0)% for the establishment of a full valuation allowance for the Company’s deferred
tax assets at March 31, 2023. 
 
As of March 31, 2024, for U.S. federal and state income
tax reporting purposes, the Company has approximately $7,760,000 of unused net operating losses (“NOLs”) available for carry
forward to future years. As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“TCJA”), for U.S. income tax purposes, NOLs generated
in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 may be carried forward indefinitely to offset future taxable income. The total amount
of the Federal NOL as of March 31, 2024, may be carried forward indefinitely. The state and city NOLs may generally be carried forward
for twenty years and may be applied against future taxable income. Further, the benefit from utilization of NOL carry forwards could
be subject to limitations due to material ownership changes that could occur if the Company issues additional shares of common stock.
 
The Company remains subject to examination by tax authorities
for fiscal tax years ended March 31, 2020 and later.
 
Based upon the Company’s recent taxable losses, the
Company performed an analysis and determined that it was necessary to establish a valuation reserve with respect to its net deferred
income tax assets as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024.
 
As of March 31, 2024, management does not believe that the
Company has any material uncertain tax positions that would require it to measure and reflect the potential lack of sustainability of
a position on audit in its financial statements. The Company will continue to evaluate its uncertain tax positions in future periods
to determine if measurement and recognition in its financial statements is necessary. The Company does not believe there will be any
material changes in its unrecognized tax positions over the next year.
 

F-19
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 8 
EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS:

 
2011 Equity Incentive Plan
 
On August 31, 2011, the Company’s shareholder approved
the adoption of the Company’s 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (“2011 Plan”) to provide for the grant of stock options and
restricted stock awards to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to all employees, consultants and other
eligible participants including senior management and members of the Board of Directors of the Company. The 2011 Equity Incentive Plan
expired on August 31, 2021 after which no further awards will be granted under such plan.
 
2020 Equity Incentive Plan
 
On November 18, 2020, the Board of Directors approved the
Company’s 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) for submission to shareholders at the 2020 annual meeting of
shareholders. On December 16, 2020, the Company’s shareholders approved the adoption of the 2020 Plan, which provides for the grant
of stock options and restricted stock awards to purchase up to 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to award in the future
as incentive compensation to employees, senior management and members of the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
Options granted to employees under both the 2011 Plan and
the 2020 Plan (together the “Plans”) may be designated as options which qualify for incentive stock option treatment under
Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code, or options which do not qualify (non-qualified stock options).
 
Under the Plans, the exercise price of an option designated
as an incentive stock option shall not be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the day the option is
granted. In the event an option designated as an incentive stock option is granted to a ten percent (10%) or greater shareholders, such
exercise price shall be at least 110 percent (110%) of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock and the option must
not be exercisable after the expiration of ten years from the day of the grant. The Plans also provide that holders of options that wish
to pay for the exercise price of their options with shares of the Company’s common stock must have beneficially owned such stock
for at least six months prior to the exercise date.
 
Exercise prices of non-incentive stock options may not be
less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock.
 
The aggregate fair market value of shares subject to options
granted to a participant(s), which are designated as incentive stock options, and which become exercisable in any calendar year, shall
not exceed $100,000. 


F-20
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 8 
EQUITY INCENTIVE PLANS (Continued):

 
Stock-based compensation expense
 
Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in selling,
general and administrative expenses included in the statement of operations. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, stock-based
compensation expense was $343,300 and $0, respectively.
 
As of March 31, 2024 there was no unrecognized compensation
expense related to unamortized stock options. It is the Company’s policy that any unrecognized stock-based compensation cost would
be adjusted for actual forfeitures as they occur.
 
Stock option activity
 
The following table provides the stock option activity:
 
     Shares   Weighted Avg. Exercise Price   Remaining Contractual Term (Years)   Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)   Balance as of March 31, 2023   467,217   $14.72    5.51   $105   Granted   95,000    7.07             Exercised   (10,000)   5.66             Forfeited or Expired   (50,000)   15.10             Balance as of March 31, 2024   502,217   $13.41    5.21   $4   Exercisable as of March 31, 2024   502,217   $13.41    5.21   $4  
 
The weighted average grant date fair value per share was
$3.61 and $0 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
 
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents
the total pretax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the
period and the exercise price, times the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders
exercised their in-the-money options on those dates.
 


Note 9 
CASH BONUS PLAN:

 
In 1987, the Company adopted a cash bonus plan (the “Cash
Bonus Plan”) for non-union, management and administration staff. Unless otherwise approved by the Company’s Compensation Committee
of the Board of Directors, contributions to the Cash Bonus Plan will only be funded by the Company for payment of bonuses with respect
to any fiscal year, when the Company is profitable for such fiscal year. As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s accrued bonus
was $150,000 and $354,250, respectively. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, no bonus was accrued for senior management. During
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, the Company reversed the bonus accrued for senior management with respect to the fiscal year 2022.
Bonus expense recorded for each of the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $203,175 and $82,901, respectively. The Company paid the
bonus earned during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023 of $354,250 in June 2023 and paid the bonus earned during the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2024 of $150,000 in June 2024.
 

F-21
 

 
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 10 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:

 
The Company maintains its operations in facilities located
in both New York and Pennsylvania.
 
On December 1, 2020, the Company entered into a 120 month
extension of its lease agreement for an industrial building in Brooklyn, NY, expiring December 1, 2030. Monthly rent at inception was
$20,400, such monthly rent escalates annually to a monthly rent of $28,426 for the final year of the lease term. The Company maintains
a security deposit of $40,800, which is included in Security deposit on the accompanying balance sheet.
 
On January 29, 2021, the Company entered into an 87 month
lease agreement for an industrial building in Allentown, Pennsylvania, expiring March 30, 2028. Monthly rent at inception was $18,046,
such that the monthly rent escalates annually to a monthly rent of $20,920 for the final year of the lease term. The Company maintains
a security deposit of $35,040, which is included in Security deposit on the accompanying balance sheet.
 
The rental expense for the fiscal years ended March 31,
2024 and 2023, was $567,643 and $550,904, respectively.
 
The Company has a collective bargaining multi-employer
pension plan (“Multi-Employer Plan”) with the United Auto Workers of America, Local 259 (ID No. 136115077). The
Multi-Employer Plan is covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the Company, which expired on March 31, 2024. The Company
and the Union have been negotiating a new collective bargaining agreement and on April 8, 2024 the Company and the Union signed a
Memorandum of Understanding setting forth the principal terms of a new three-year collective bargaining agreement. The Company and
the Union ratified the three-year bargaining agreement on June 10, 2024.
 
Contributions are made in accordance with a negotiated labor
contract and are based on the number of covered employees employed per month. With the passage of the Multi-Employer Pension Plan Amendments
Act of 1990 (the “1990 Act”), the Company may become subject to liabilities in excess of contributions made under the collective
bargaining agreement. Generally, these liabilities are contingent upon the termination, withdrawal, or partial withdrawal from the Multi-Employer
Plan. The risks of participating in a multiemployer plan are different from single-employer plans, for example, assets contributed to
the multiemployer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers, if a participating
employer stops contributing to the multiemployer plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may become the obligation of the remaining
participating employers, and if a participating employer chooses to stop participating in these multiemployer plans, the employer may
be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan.
 
Based upon the Multi-Employer Plan’s consulting actuary,
As of January 1, 2024, the UAW Local 259 Pension Plan was greater than 100% funded for purposes of the Annual Certification of Plan Status
under IRC Section 432. The total contributions charged to operations under the provisions of the Multi-Employer Plan were $43,455 and
$52,815 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company has not taken any action to terminate, withdraw
or partially withdraw from the Multi-Employer Plan nor does it intend to do so in the future.
 

F-22
 

  
IEH CORPORATION
Notes to Financial Statements
 


Note 11 
CONCENTRATIONS: 

 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2024, two customers
accounted for 29.9% of the Company’s net sales, each represented 17.5% and 12.4%, respectively.
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2023, no customers
accounted for greater than 10% of the Company’s net sales.
 
As of March 31, 2024, three customers accounted for 55.4%
of accounts receivable, each represented 30.8%, 13.6% and 11.0%, respectively.
 
As of March 31, 2023, three customers accounted for 44.5%
of accounts receivable, each represented 23.2%, 11.0% and 10.3%, respectively.
 
During the fiscal years ended March 31,
2024 and 2023, two vendors accounted for 22.2% and one vendor accounted for 10.0% of the Company’s purchases, respectively.
 
As of March 31, 2024, two vendors accounted for
22.3% of accounts payable, each represented 12.1% and 10.2%, respectively.
 
As of March 31, 2023, one vendor accounted for 20.9% of accounts payable, respectively.
 

F-23



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