Item 1. Business
GENERAL
The Company is an international entertainment company with businesses operating in the home video, music retailing and filmed entertainment industries. The Company also has investments in other entertainment related businesses. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in December 1982.
HOME VIDEO RETAILING
Since July 1985, the Company has been engaged in the home video retailing business, which accounted for 72%, 94% and 100% of the Company's total revenue in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. Over the past five years, the Company has rapidly expanded its home video operations through the development, acquisition and franchising of stores. The following table sets forth the number of video stores in operation as of December 31 for each of the years indicated:
Company-owned video stores at December 31, 1993 included 1,803 stores operating under the "Blockbuster Video" trade name, 775 stores operating under the "Ritz" trade name and 120 stores operating under the "Video Towne," "Alfalfa," "Movies at Home" and "Movieland" trade names which the Company acquired in November 1993 as a result of its acquisition of Super Club Retail Entertainment Corporation and subsidiaries ("Super Club"). The Blockbuster video system operates in 49 states in the United States and in nine foreign countries. All financial data, including the number of stores, has been restated to reflect the Company's merger with WJB Video Limited Partnership and certain of its affiliates ("WJB") in August 1993 in a transaction accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting.
THE HOME VIDEO INDUSTRY
The home video industry has experienced substantial growth since 1980. This growth is largely a result of the increase in the number of videocassette recorders ("VCRs") in use both domestically and internationally. Technological advances have improved the dependability, portability, picture quality and convenience of VCRs. Furthermore, many VCRs are now moderately priced. These factors have enhanced significantly the consumer appeal of VCRs.
According to Paul Kagan Associates, Inc., VCR unit sales in the United States have remained relatively constant during the past five years, averaging approximately 12,000,000 units per year, while VCR market
penetration in the United States has grown significantly, increasing from 53.3% in 1987 to 80.5% in 1993. VCR penetration continues to increase in many areas of the world in which the Company currently has operations, including Europe, the Pacific Rim and Central and South America. By the end of 1994, VCR penetration is expected to increase to approximately 77% in Australia, 74% in the United Kingdom, 75% in Canada and 72% in Japan, according to industry analysts.
The Company believes that VCR unit sales in 1994 will continue to remain strong both in the United States and foreign countries as VCR penetration and the number of households owning more than one VCR continue to increase. However, annual increases in VCR penetration levels may continue to be less than in the past as a result of the constantly increasing base of VCRs. There can be no assurance that VCR penetration will continue to increase.
The consumer market for feature and other films on prerecorded videocassette is a rental and sales market. An analysis of estimated historical and projected retail home video revenue in the United States (in billions) is as follows:
_____________________ Source: Paul Kagan Associates, Inc.
According to Paul Kagan Associates, Inc., total worldwide retail home video revenue was $25.3 billion in 1993, up from $23.6 billion in 1992, $22.1 billion in 1991 and $20.7 billion in 1990.
New release feature films on videocassette have generally been priced for retail sale in the United States at approximately $60 to $99. This price range tends to discourage retail consumer purchases. In recent years, movie producers have released certain new release feature films priced for retail sale at approximately $15 to $30. This price level has resulted in more unit sales in the United States for these new release feature films than would have been the case at higher retail prices. The Company believes that in the absence of additional significant reductions in feature film retail sales prices, the consumer market in the United States for videocassettes will be primarily a rental market in the foreseeable future. In the event of a significant reduction in retail sales prices, the Company would be able to devote more space in its stores for display of prerecorded videocassettes for
sale, although there can be no assurance that such a change would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations.
The Company intends to increase its share of the domestic home video market as the industry continues to grow. Additional video stores are also scheduled to be opened in 1994 in various international markets, including Japan, Europe, Australia, Canada and Mexico and in other areas of Central and South America, by the Company and its franchise owners.
COMPANY HOME VIDEO OPERATIONS
The Company owns, operates and franchises Blockbuster Video stores. These stores rent and sell prerecorded videocassettes and other entertainment software, as well as sell confectionary items and video accessories. Blockbuster Video stores generally carry a comprehensive selection of 7,000 to 13,000 prerecorded videocassettes, consisting of more than 5,000 titles. The Company believes, based on industry trade publications and its informal inspection of competitors, that Blockbuster Video stores generally offer a greater number of copies of the more popular titles, have greater selection, stay open for longer hours and have faster and more convenient computerized check-in/check-out procedures than most of its competitors. The Company's home video stores do not sell video hardware. Blockbuster Video stores, however, offer customers a limited number of video hardware units for rental. Based on a survey published in the December 1993 issue of Video Store Magazine, the Company believes that the Company's and its franchise owners' systemwide revenue from the rental and sale of prerecorded videocassettes is significantly greater than that of any other home video retail chain in the United States.
The Company believes that Blockbuster Video stores are generally larger than most home video retail stores, ranging in size from approximately 3,800 to 11,500 square feet. It is the Company's current intention that all new Company-opened Blockbuster Video stores will be no less than 5,500 square feet in size and that the square footage of its smaller Blockbuster Video stores will be increased where appropriate. Company-owned Blockbuster Video stores generally are, and it is anticipated that most future stores developed by the Company will be, highly visible and located in free-standing structures or at the end of strip shopping centers with ample parking facilities. Blockbuster Video stores are designed and located to be highly visible and to attract their own customers rather than to rely solely on customers generated by neighboring stores. Based on current Blockbuster Video store design and operating criteria, each Company-owned Blockbuster Video store generally requires a capital expenditure, including purchase of initial inventories, of between $375,000 and $700,000, depending on the size and location of the store, leasehold improvement costs and the number of videocassettes and other products stocked for rental and sale.
The proprietary computer software used in each Blockbuster Video store has been designed and developed by the Company, and is available only to Company-owned and franchise-owned Blockbuster Video stores and to other video stores which are to be converted to the Blockbuster Video format. The Company developed its computerized point-of-sale system to simplify rental and sale transactions. This system utilizes a laser bar code
scanner to read key data from products and from the member's identification card. This system provides management with a daily summary report for financial control of each store and considerable information concerning demographics of each Blockbuster Video store's membership, rental and sale patterns and the number of times each item or title in inventory has been rented or sold. The Company believes this information to be a valuable asset as it relates to its buying and marketing decisions.
Since the acquisition of Cityvision plc ("Cityvision") in February 1992, the Company has operated video stores under the trade name "Ritz" in the United Kingdom. These stores average approximately 1,100 square feet in size with, on average, approximately 3,000 videocassettes available for rental and sale.
Since the acquisition of Super Club in November 1993, the Company has operated video stores under the trade names "Video Towne", "Alfalfa", "Movies at Home" and "Movieland" in the United States. These stores average approximately 6,700 square feet in size with, on average, approximately 5,000 videocassettes available for rental and sale.
The Company has a policy of excluding titles which have been rated either "X" or "NC-17" by the Motion Picture Association of America ("MPAA") from the videocassette inventory of each of its Blockbuster Video stores. The Company also has a Youth Restricted Viewing Program that allows parents to restrict their children under 17 years of age from renting movies that have been rated "R" by the MPAA or movies that have similar themes or content.
FRANCHISING
In order to maximize its ability to expand rapidly in the home video business, the Company has employed a strategy of developing Blockbuster Video stores through a combination of Company and franchise development. The extent to which a domestic or international market is to be developed, and the balance between Company and franchise development in a given market, is determined by evaluating a number of different criteria, including resources available and operating efficiencies. As of March 1994, the Company's franchise owners are committed under their franchise agreements to open 558 additional Blockbuster Video stores.
Under the Company's current franchising program, the Company will grant to a franchise owner the right to develop one or a specified number of Blockbuster Video stores at an approved location or locations within a defined geographic area pursuant to the terms of a development agreement. The franchise owner generally is charged a development fee in advance for each Blockbuster Video store to be developed during the term of the development agreement. Each of the Company's development agreements provides that if a franchise owner fails to open the minimum number of Blockbuster Video stores required by the agreement, the franchise owner may lose exclusivity for the development area as well as the right to open additional Blockbuster Video stores.
Prior to the opening of a Blockbuster Video store, the franchise owner enters into the Company's standard franchise agreement. This form of
agreement governs the operation of a single Blockbuster Video store during a term of 20 years and in certain circumstances gives the franchise owner the right to renew the franchise agreement for an additional five-year term. At the time the franchise agreement is executed, the franchise owner generally is required to pay to the Company a franchise fee for the right to operate under the Blockbuster Video service marks and a software license fee for the right to use required proprietary software.
After a Blockbuster Video store is opened, the franchise agreement requires the franchise owner to pay the Company a continuing royalty and service fee (currently, franchise owners pay fees ranging from 3% to 8% of gross revenue) and a continuing monthly payment for maintenance of the proprietary software. Franchise owners are also required to contribute funds for the development of national advertising and marketing programs and are required to spend an additional amount for local advertising. Each franchise owner has sole responsibility for all financial commitments relating to the opening and operation of Blockbuster Video stores in the franchised territory, including rent, utilities, payroll and other incidental expenses.
The Company provides extensive product and support services to its franchise owners and derives income from providing these services. These products and support services include, among other things, site selection reviews, the packaging of the initial rental inventory and providing computer hardware and software.
DISTRIBUTION AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
The Company believes that the success of Blockbuster Video stores depends, in part, on effective and timely distribution and inventory management activities. For its distribution center, the Company leases a facility of approximately 69,000 square feet in Dallas, Texas. The Dallas facility, which has storage capacity for over 400,000 videocassettes, is used for shipping, receiving and packaging rental inventories according to the Company's uniform standards. This packaging process involves removing each rental videocassette from its original carton, applying labels and security devices to each videocassette, matching each videocassette with its bar coded information and placing the videocassette into its hard plastic rental case. In addition, a display carton is created for each videocassette by inserting foam and a security device into the original videocassette carton and shrink wrapping the carton. The end result of the packaging process for a Blockbuster Video store's initial rental inventory is a shipment that arrives already sorted alphabetically within categories and ready to be placed on display shelves. This level of packaging and distribution service is enhanced by the Company's automated packaging lines. The Company also provides computer software and hardware, and substantially all related items and fixtures necessary to equip and operate a Blockbuster Video store.
The Company has established an inventory management department to select and purchase titles to be carried in Blockbuster Video stores. Several hundred new titles are released every month which are reviewed and evaluated by the inventory management department. This department
selects appropriate titles for inclusion in the Company-owned Blockbuster Video stores and recommends to the Company's franchise owners and managers of Company-owned stores the number of copies to be placed in their inventories.
Prerecorded videocassettes and other entertainment software rented and sold by the Company are generally purchased directly from distributors. For new release videocassettes, the Company, like others in the home video industry, places a pre-order with a distributor specifying the number of copies of the new title it desires to purchase. Approximately three to four weeks thereafter, the new release becomes available for shipment on an industry-wide basis. On average, home video businesses are currently able to purchase a title for rent or sale about six months after its release to motion picture theaters. Prerecorded videocassettes which exceed the number needed in a particular store because of changing customer demand may be moved to other stores or sold to customers. The Company believes that its ability to move videocassettes from store to store and to sell previously viewed rental videocassettes assists it in effectively controlling videocassette inventories.
The Company has been able to negotiate certain favorable terms from one particular distributor, which the Company uses on an exclusive basis. These terms include discounts from suggested retail prices on certain titles, and the ability to return defective merchandise under certain circumstances. The Company is able to return to this distributor a pre-determined number of video cassettes purchased for sale (whether or not defective) within a certain amount of time.
SERVICE MARKS
The Company owns United States federal registrations for its service marks "Blockbuster", "Blockbuster Video", a torn ticket design, "Blockbuster Video" with the torn ticket design, and other related marks. The federal registrations for "Blockbuster", "Blockbuster Video" and "Blockbuster Video" with the torn ticket design have become incontestable.
The Company is in the process of federally registering "Blockbuster Entertainment" and various other trademarks, service marks and slogans. In addition, the Company has registered the service mark "Blockbuster", "Blockbuster Video" and "Blockbuster Video" with torn ticket design in certain foreign jurisdictions and is in the process of registering other related marks in such jurisdictions.
The Company considers its service marks important to its continued success.
COMPETITION
The home video business is highly competitive. The Company believes that the principal competitive factors in the business are title selection, number of copies of titles available, the quality of customer service and, to a lesser extent, pricing. The Company believes that it has generally addressed the selection and service demands of consumers more adequately than most of its competitors.
The Company and its franchise owners compete with video retail stores, as well as supermarkets, drug stores, convenience stores, book stores, mass merchandisers and others. According to industry analysts, video retail stores alone have grown from approximately 7,000 outlets in 1983 to approximately 28,000 outlets in 1993. The Company believes that the success of its business depends in part on its large and attractive Company-owned and franchise-owned Blockbuster Video stores offering a wider selection of titles and larger and more accessible inventory than its competitors, in addition to more convenient store locations, faster and more efficient computerized check-in/check-out procedures, extended operating hours, effective customer service and competitive pricing.
In addition to competing with other home video retailers, the Company and its franchise owners compete with all other forms of entertainment and recreational activities including, but not limited to movie theaters, network television and other events, such as sporting events. The Company also competes with cable television, which includes pay-per-view television. Currently, pay-per-view television provides less viewing flexibility to the consumer than videocassettes, and the more popular movies are generally available on videocassette prior to appearing on pay-per-view television. However, technological advances could result in greater viewing flexibility for pay-per-view or in other methods of electronic delivery, and such industry developments could have an adverse impact on the Company and its franchise owners' businesses. Notwithstanding these possible technological advances, the Company believes that home video will continue to have the competitive advantages of being not only the first source of filmed entertainment in the home before pay-per-view but also the most convenient source.
The Company's corporate marketing department, with the assistance of its advertising agencies, has developed advertising campaigns for implementation systemwide. The Company aggressively uses both local and national advertising, including television commercials. The Company uses vendor advertising allowances, cooperative advertising and promotional programs that are currently made available to the home video industry by producers and distributors of home video products. Generally, these programs provide an allowance to the industry as a whole of approximately 1% to 2% of industry-wide purchases of a particular title for use in advertising and promoting the title. Recently, advertising expense (net of cooperative advertising allowances and amounts received from franchise owners pursuant to various franchise agreements) has averaged between 3% and 5% of the revenue generated by Company-owned video stores. The Company believes that cooperative advertising and promotional programs will continue to be provided by producers and distributors in the future, but such allowances might not continue at current levels.
AVAILABILITY OF PRODUCT
Prerecorded videocassettes and other entertainment software are readily available from numerous distributors and other suppliers. Although a specific title may only be available from a single source, the Company does not anticipate that the Company or its franchise owners will experience difficulty in obtaining these products.
SEASONALITY
The Company's home video business may be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, general economic trends, acquisitions made by the Company, additional and existing competition, marketing programs, weather, special or unusual events, variations in the number of store openings, the quality of new release titles available for rental and sale, and similar factors that may affect retailers in general. As compared to other months of the year, revenue from Blockbuster Video stores in the United States has been, and the Company believes will continue to be, subject to a decline during the months of April and May, due in part to the change to Daylight Savings Time, and during the months of September, October and November, due in part to the start of school and introduction of new television programs.
REGULATION
Certain states, the United States Federal Trade Commission and certain foreign jurisdictions require a franchisor to transmit specified disclosure statements to potential owners before issuing a franchise. Additionally, some states and foreign jurisdictions require the franchisor to register its franchise before its issuance. The Company believes the offering circulars used to market its franchises comply with the Federal Trade Commission guidelines and all applicable laws of states in the United States and foreign jurisdictions regulating the offering and issuance of franchises. The Company's home video business, other than the franchising aspect thereof, is not generally subject to any government regulation other than customary laws and local zoning and permit requirements.
MUSIC RETAILING
As of December 31, 1993, the Company was one of the largest specialty retailers of prerecorded music in the United States with 511 retailing outlets operating throughout the country. The Company has been engaged in the music retailing business since November 1992, when it acquired 235 stores in connection with its acquisition of Sound Warehouse, Inc. and subsidiary and Show Industries, Inc. ("Sound Warehouse" and "Music Plus"). In connection with its acquisition of Super Club in November 1993, the Company acquired 270 stores operating under the trade names "Record Bar", "Tracks", "Turtles" and "Rhythm and Views". The Company also owns and operates music stores under the trade name "Blockbuster Music Plus". Additionally, the Company is a partner in an international joint venture with Virgin Retail Group Limited ("Virgin") to develop and operate "Megastores" in continental Europe, Australia and the United States.
Through its purchase of Sound Warehouse, Music Plus and Super Club and its joint venture with Virgin, the Company has embarked on a major new expansion effort in the music retailing industry.
THE MUSIC RETAILING INDUSTRY
In the last decade, the music retailing industry has experienced substantial growth. According to industry analysts, worldwide retail revenue generated by the music industry increased from approximately $12
billion in 1983 to approximately $29 billion in 1992. Retail music revenue in the United States alone was approximately $10 billion in 1993, and is projected by industry analysts to reach approximately $13 billion by the year 1997.
An important element of this growth in the music retailing industry has been the increasing worldwide penetration of compact disc players. According to industry analysts, approximately 43% of households in the United States presently have a compact disc player. Industry sources place compact disc player penetration at approximately 40% in Europe and nearly 100% in Japan.
Compact discs, the top selling prerecorded music format, are generally more expensive than audiocassette tapes but are considered to be superior due to the higher quality of the sound reproduction and the durability of the discs. Audiocassette tapes were the top selling prerecorded music format prior to the introduction and acceptance of the compact disc. Audiocassette tapes continue to comprise a large percentage of prerecorded music sales due to the large number of audiocassette players in use in homes and automobiles and the large base of portable cassette players in active use.
Technology may produce new format media which could affect the Company's future sales. The compact disc has had a positive impact on the prerecorded music retailing business. There is no assurance, however, that other new technologies will gain significant consumer acceptance generally or among the Company's customers. Also, past experience with new technology indicates that, even if successful in gaining acceptance, any significant impact on sales would not be experienced for several years.
COMPANY MUSIC OPERATIONS
The Company's music stores sell compact discs and audiocassettes manufactured by all major domestic and certain foreign manufacturers. These stores offer a wide selection of prerecorded music. The number of prerecorded music titles offered for sale in the Company's music stores averages approximately 17,400 per music store. The assortment of music titles offered by the Company includes those of prominent artists and established labels. Music selections cover a broad range including, among others, pop, rock, country, classical, jazz and soul. The Company believes that its music stores generally offer a wider selection of prerecorded music than most of its competitors in the markets in which these stores operate. The Company currently also rents and sells prerecorded videocassettes in most of its music stores, but on a much more limited basis than in its Company-owned video stores.
The Company anticipates that most future music stores developed by the Company will be highly visible and located in free-standing structures or strip shopping centers with ample parking facilities. Such music stores are designed and located to be highly visible and to attract their own customers rather than relying solely on customers generated by neighboring stores. At December 31, 1993, the Company operated 331 music stores which are located in free-standing structures or strip shopping centers and 180 music stores
located in shopping malls. The average size of the Company's music stores is approximately 6,400 square feet.
The Company has recently developed its own prototype music store called "Blockbuster Music Plus". New Blockbuster Music Plus stores offer personal listening posts which allow the customer to preview selections prior to purchase and other state-of-the-art features as well as a broad range of musical selections. The Company currently projects that the cost to open a new "Blockbuster Music Plus" store will require an initial investment, including capital expenditures and merchandise inventory of generally between $700,000 and $1,000,000.
Retail point-of-sale computer systems at the Company's music stores are currently being standardized for uniformity of use in all of the Company's music stores. Similar to the system in use at the Company's video stores, the Company's music store systems use an optical scanner to read the product's unique bar code, record the appropriate price or charge, and create a customer receipt. Product information is stored on the system for retrieval and analysis, providing valuable information about inventory movement and customer tastes which is considered in subsequent stocking of product inventories. The Company is currently examining the feasibility of integrating its video and music store computer systems.
In December 1992, the Company formed an international joint venture with Virgin to take advantage of opportunities in the retailing of music and related products through the ownership and development of Megastores. As of December 31, 1993, the joint venture owned interests in and operated 20 Megastores in France, Germany, Austria, Spain, Italy, Holland, Australia and Los Angeles, California. These Megastores, ranging in size from approximately 25,000 to 40,000 square feet, are generally larger than most retail music stores. The Megastores offer an extremely wide range of music, video and game products, as well as special interest departments, interactive entertainment facilities, personal listening posts, video viewing posts, information centers and even cafes. The Company and Virgin will continue to build Megastores in major metropolitan areas throughout Continental Europe, Australia and the United States.
DISTRIBUTION AND INVENTORY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
Sound Warehouse, Music Plus and Blockbuster Music Plus operate a central warehouse distribution center located in Dallas, and the Company's remaining music retailing chains operate a central distribution center in Atlanta. Generally, these distribution centers maintain large quantities of popular music titles available for immediate shipment to their respective music stores. The Company believes that the maintenance of the distribution centers allows it to support a wide selection of merchandise within its music stores, minimize music store inventory requirements and labor costs, and maintain effective controls. The Company is currently examining the feasibility of consolidating the Dallas and Atlanta distribution centers.
Each of the Company's music chains have product buyers who make initial purchasing decisions on new titles and products for each music store and
for the central warehouse distribution centers. In making purchasing decisions, the product buyers consider such factors as knowledge of the new title or product, product background and historical sales from each store. Music store personnel reorder products for the store as needed based upon recent sales of each item compared to the amounts on hand in the store's inventory. Centralized product buyers reorder products for the warehouses by monitoring both detailed sales information and the reorders placed by music store personnel. The Company is in the process of further centralizing purchasing decisions.
Most of the products sold by the Company through its music stores are purchased directly from manufacturers. The Company is generally able to lower its cost per product due to favorable volume purchasing terms from its suppliers. Under current trade practices, retailers of prerecorded music are entitled to return products they have purchased from major suppliers. Generally, prerecorded music may be returned as long as it remains in the current catalog of its manufacturer. Suppliers will typically notify retailers before titles are removed from the manufacturer's current catalog. This industry practice permits the Company to carry a wide selection of music, and at the same time reduce the risk of obsolete inventory.
Major manufacturers of prerecorded music typically do not limit the amount of merchandise that may be returned by a customer although certain manufacturers penalize the customer through return handling charges. The Company currently does not have any significant amounts of excess prerecorded music inventory that could not be returned to manufacturers under current return policies. The manufacturers' exchange privilege policies have previously been subject to change and may change in the future. Any change in these policies could adversely affect the value of the Company's inventory and affect its business policies.
SERVICE MARKS
The Company owns United States federal registrations for its service marks "Music Plus", "Music Plus" with design, "Sound Warehouse", "Sound Warehouse" with design and other related marks. The Company is in the process of registering "Blockbuster Music", "Blockbuster Music Plus" with design and various other trademarks, service marks and slogans relating to its music business in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions.
COMPETITION
The retail sale of prerecorded music and related products is highly competitive among numerous chain and department stores, discount stores, mail order clubs and specialty music stores. Some mail order clubs are affiliated with major manufacturers of prerecorded music and may have advantageous marketing arrangements with their affiliates. Since music stores generally serve individual or local markets, competition is fragmented and varies substantially from one location or geographic area to another. The Company believes that its ability to compete successfully in the music retailing business depends on its ability to
secure and maintain attractive and convenient locations, manage merchandise efficiently, offer broad merchandise selections at competitive prices and provide effective service to its customers.
The Company frequently advertises its music stores and products which they carry in newspapers, on radio and television and by direct mail. In addition, the Company frequently engages in promotions which offer products at reduced prices. The Company's advertising emphasizes price, breadth and depth of merchandise, and the convenience of music store locations.
Most of the vendors from whom the Company purchases its music store products offer their customers, including the Company, an advertising allowance which is often based on a percentage of a customer's purchases. The Company also receives significant advertising allowances from suppliers of prerecorded music products to promote new artists. The terms of such advertising allowances generally require the Company to submit advertising campaigns to the vendor for approval prior to their use. The Company currently takes full advantage of vendors' advertising allowances.
AVAILABILITY OF PRODUCTS
The Company has no long-term agreements for the purchase of prerecorded music and related products and deals with its suppliers principally on an order-by-order basis. The Company has not experienced difficulty in obtaining satisfactory sources of supply and believes that adequate sources of supply will continue to exist for the products sold in its music stores.
SEASONALITY
The Company's music business may be affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic trends and conditions in the music industry, including the quality of new titles and artists, existing and additional competition, changes in technology and similar factors that may affect retailers in general. The Company's music business is seasonal, with higher than average monthly revenue experienced during the Thanksgiving and Christmas seasons, and lower than average monthly revenue experienced in September and October.
REGULATION
The Company's retail music business is not generally subject to any governmental regulation other than customary laws and local zoning and permit requirements.
FILMED ENTERTAINMENT
In April 1993, the Company expanded into the filmed entertainment business through the acquisition of a majority of the common stock of Spelling Entertainment Group Inc. ("Spelling"). The operations of Spelling encompass a broad range of businesses in the filmed entertainment industry, supported by an extensive library of television
series, mini-series, movies-for-television, pilots and feature films (collectively "film product"). At December 31, 1993, the Company owned 45,658,640 shares, or approximately 70.5% of Spelling's outstanding common stock.
The Company owns 2,550,000 shares, and warrants to acquire an additional 810,000 shares, of the common stock of Republic Pictures Corporation ("Republic"). At December 31, 1993, the Company's investment in Republic represented approximately 39% of Republic's outstanding common stock, including shares subject to such warrants. Republic is engaged in the development and production of television programming and the distribution of this programming and its extensive library of feature films, television movies and mini-series.
In December 1993, Spelling and Republic entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which a wholly-owned subsidiary of Spelling would be merged with Republic and Republic, as a result of the merger, would become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Spelling. Spelling will exchange $13.00 in cash for each share of Republic common stock issued and outstanding at the effective time of the merger. Options and warrants to acquire shares of Republic common stock will be converted into the right to receive upon payment of the exercise price 1.6508 shares of Spelling common stock for each share of Republic common stock into which such option or warrant was exercisable immediately prior to the effective time of the merger. Consummation of the merger, which is currently anticipated to occur in April 1994, is subject, among other things, to approval by the stockholders of Republic and other customary conditions. Following the merger, the operations of Spelling and Republic will be substantially consolidated.
With the Company's ownership of a majority interest in Spelling, the Company has a significant presence in the development, production and distribution of television programming and filmed entertainment.
COMPANY FILMED ENTERTAINMENT OPERATIONS
Spelling is engaged primarily in the development, production, acquisition and distribution of television programming. Spelling also produces feature films for others, distributes films in international markets and licenses music and merchandising rights associated with its television programming.
Television programming is developed and produced by Spelling primarily through two subsidiaries, Spelling Television and Laurel Entertainment ("Laurel"). Spelling's distribution activities are carried out by its Worldvision Enterprises subsidiary ("Worldvision"). Additionally, Worldvision engages in production by advancing funds to producers in exchange for all or a portion of the distribution rights. The primary markets for the television programming produced, funded or otherwise acquired by the Company include first-run network exhibition, domestic first-run and repeat syndication (including cable), international syndication and home video.
NETWORK PROGRAMMING
Scripts written for network television programming are submitted to the network for review. If the network accepts the script, it will typically order production of a pilot or a prototype episode, for which it will pay Spelling a negotiated fixed license fee. Spelling's cost of producing such a pilot usually exceeds the network license fee. As of March 1994, Spelling had received orders for two new series projects. One is an eight episode order of a one-hour series for the Fox network, tentatively titled "Models, Inc." and the other is a six episode order of a one-hour series for the Fox network, tentatively titled "Shock Rock". The Company has other projects under network consideration.
Spelling is currently producing the television series "Beverly Hills, 90210" and "Melrose Place" which are being aired on the Fox network. "Beverly Hills, 90210" is in its fourth season and has been renewed for the 1994-95 television season. "Melrose Place", which debuted during the summer of 1992, is in its second full season, and has also been renewed for the 1994-95 television season. Spelling is also producing the television series "Winnetka Road" and "Burke's Law", both mid-season replacements, and has received an order for an additional 13 episodes of "Burke's Law" from the CBS network for the 1994-95 television season.
In 1993, Laurel produced "The Stand", an eight-hour mini-series based on one of Stephen King's best selling books, which was delivered to the ABC network in December 1993 and is scheduled to air in May 1994. Spelling has recently received orders for two four-hour mini-series from the ABC network, one based on James Michener's novel, "Texas" and the other based on Stephen King's novel, "The Langoliers". Laurel has also produced a movie-for-television, "Precious Victims", which aired on the CBS network in September 1993. As with television series, the network license fees received for mini-series and movies-for-television are normally less than the costs of production, and such deficits must be covered by revenue derived from other sources of distribution, primarily through the exploitation of rights in international markets.
Spelling had revenue from one customer, the Fox network, representing 22%, 22% and 13% of Spelling's revenues in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively.
FIRST-RUN SYNDICATED PROGRAMMING
First-run syndicated television series are produced and sold directly to television stations in the United States without any prior network broadcast. These programs are licensed to individual or groups of television stations, on a market by market basis, in contrast to network distribution, which provides centralized access to a national audience.
In first run syndication, Spelling licenses its film product in exchange for cash payments, advertising time (barter) or a combination of both. In cash licensing, a broadcaster normally agrees to pay a fixed licensing fee in one or more installments in exchange for the right to broadcast the product a specified number of times over an agreed upon period of time. Where product is licensed in exchange for advertising time, through what are known as "barter agreements", a broadcaster agrees to give Spelling a specified amount of advertising time, which Spelling subsequently sells. Particuarly in the initial years of such programming, domestic syndication revenue can be less than Spelling's costs of producing the programming.
Worldvision is currently marketing for first-run barter syndication 22 episodes each of two series, currently titled "Robin's Hoods" and "Heaven Help Us", to be produced by Spelling Television. Worldvision has also begun to distribute these programs to international television markets for cash license fees. In first-run syndication, the Company retains greater control over creative and production decisions than is the case with network programming; however, there is a greater financial risk associated with such programming, and potentially greater financial upside. Fixed license fees paid by networks usually cover at least 75% of Spelling's production costs; however, Spelling does not share in the network's advertising revenue which can be substantial. Barter revenue is not fixed but is dependent on the viewing public's acceptance or rejection of the show as reflected in the ratings. If a show's ratings are high, the advertising revenue received by the Company through its barter arrangement could be substantial.
ACQUIRING DISTRIBUTION RIGHTS
A substantial portion of Worldvision's revenue is derived from fees earned from the distribution and licensing of television programming produced by Spelling. In addition, since 1989, Worldvision has invested approximately $150 million in the acquisition of distribution rights to film product from third parties. Worldvision acquires the exhibition rights to television programming and feature films through contracts with the producers or other owners of such products. These contracts generally give Worldvision the exclusive distribution rights to license an unlimited number of exhibitions of the film products over a period of time, typically in excess of twenty years. Worldvision also acquires distribution rights from third party producers by partially financing production costs through advances to such producers which are recovered by Worldvision from revenue earned from distribution. Usually Worldvision recovers its distribution fees, expenses and advances before the producers or owners receive any additional proceeds. Worldvision
currently distributes programming in 110 countries through offices in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Los Angeles, London, Paris, Rome, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo and Rio de Janeiro.
In September 1992, Worldvision purchased from Carolco Television Inc. the domestic television rights to a film library of more than 150 feature films along with certain related receivables. The library includes box-office hits such as "Terminator 2", "Basic Instinct", the "Rambo" trilogy, "L.A. Story", "Red Heat", "Total Recall", "Platoon", "The Last Emperor" and "Universal Soldier". Due to pre-existing licensing agreements covering these films, the Company will not recognize significant revenue from the exploitation of the rights until after 1996.
LICENSING AND MERCHANDISING
Hamilton Projects, Inc. ("Hamilton Projects"), a subsidiary of Spelling, merchandises products and licenses music associated with several of the Company's television properties, including "Beverly Hills, 90210", and "Melrose Place". Hamilton Projects is a full-service licensing and merchandising company, providing strategic planning, concept development and program execution to the Company as well as third parties.
SERVICE MARKS
Spelling or its subsidiaries own various United States federal trademark or service mark registrations including "Spelling", "Beverly Hills, 90210", "Melrose Place", and has applied for registration for numerous other marks relating to its film products in the United States and foreign countries. Spelling or its subsidiaries own various foreign trademark or service mark registrations or have applied for trademark or service mark registrations including "Tele Uno".
COMPETITION
The motion picture and television industry is highly competitive. Many companies compete to obtain access to the available literary properties, creative personnel, talent, production personnel, television acceptance, distribution commitments and financing, which are essential to produce and sell their film products. Certain of Spelling's competitors have greater
available resources for promotion and marketing and more people engaged in the acquisition, development, production and distribution of both television programming and feature films. Spelling must continue to acquire distribution rights to television programming and feature films to maintain its competitive position. In order to acquire rights to distribute new third party film product, Spelling may be required to increase its advances to producers or to reduce its distribution fees.
Spelling's arrangements with the networks provide it with pilot, series and movies-for-television commitments; however, the networks are under no obligation to actually broadcast Spelling's product. Spelling's sucessful domestic repeat syndication of a network series generally depends upon the ratings achieved through network exhibition of such a series over a number of years sufficient to generate a minimum of 65 episodes. In turn, Spelling's overall success in achieving multiple years of network exhibition of a series is dependent upon factors such as the viewing public's taste (as reflected in the ratings) and critical reviews.
Licensing television programming to broadcasters and cable networks has also become increasingly competitive as new products continually enter the syndication market and certain producers attempt to develop an additional network to distribute their product.
Likewise, Spelling is competing with numerous well-financed, experienced companies engaged in feature film production and international feature film distribution. Spelling's relative lack of experience and financial strength in distributing feature films in the international market may hinder its ability to compete effectively with companies which are more experienced and have greater financial capabilities.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
The production and distribution of television programming by independent producers is not directly regulated by the federal or state governments, but the marketplace for television programming is substantially affected by regulations of the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") applicable to television stations, television networks and cable television systems.
In 1993, the FCC further relaxed its rules governing financial interests in and syndication of programming by the broadcast television networks (known as the "fin syn" rules). The relaxed rules still prohibit the three largest broadcast networks from (i) holding or acquiring financial interests and syndication rights in any first-run program, except in programs produced solely by the network and in programs distributed only outside the United States, (ii) domestically syndicating any prime time network or first-run non-network program, and (iii) withholding a prime time program in which it has syndication rights from syndication for more than a specified period. However, these remaining restrictions on program syndication by the networks are set to expire in November 1995, and are currently the subject of judicial review. In addition, in November 1993 a Federal district court vacated certain provisions of consent decrees which prohibited television networks from acquiring financial interests and syndication rights in television programming developed or created by non-network suppliers such as the Company. The effect of the relaxed fin syn rules and the district courts' action on the operations of the Company is as yet unclear; however, these regulatory changes could result in increased competition for the Company's filmed entertainment business.
Foreign regulations may also affect the Company's filmed entertainment business. In 1989, the twelve-member European Community ("EC") adopted a "directive" that its member states ensure that more than 50% of the programming shown on their television stations be European-produced "where practicable". These guidelines could restrict the amount of American television programming and feature films that are shown on European television. In addition, certain European countries have adopted individual national restrictions on broadcasting of programming based on country of origin. Other countries in which the Company distributes its programming may adopt similar restrictions, which may have an adverse effect on its ability to distribute its programs or create stronger incentives for the Company to establish ventures with international films.
OTHER ENTERTAINMENT
In October 1993, the Company purchased 24,000,000 shares of newly-issued Series A Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock") of Viacom Inc. ("Viacom") for an aggregate purchase price of $600,000,000. The Preferred Stock provides for dividends at an annual rate of 5% and is convertible into non-voting Viacom Class B common stock at a conversion price of $70 per share.
In January 1994, the Company and Viacom entered into a subscription agreement ("the Subscription Agreement") pursuant to which, in March 1994, the Company purchased from Viacom 22,727,273 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,250,000,000 or $55 per share.
Under the terms of the Subscription Agreement, the Company was granted certain rights to a make-whole amount in the event that the Merger Agreement discussed below under the caption "Viacom Merger Agreement" is terminated and the highest average trading price of the non-voting Viacom Class B common stock during any consecutive 30 trading day period prior to the first anniversary of such termination is below $55 per share. Such make-whole amount would be based on the difference between $55 per share and such highest average trading price but may not exceed $275,000,000. See "Viacom Inc. Agreements" of Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 12, Other Matters, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Company's investment in Viacom.
At December 31, 1993, the Company owned 7,153,750 shares or approximately 19.1% of the outstanding common stock, of Discovery Zone, Inc. ("Discovery Zone"). Discovery Zone owns, operates and franchises indoor recreational facilities for children. The Company currently operates 34 Discovery Zone facilities and has franchise rights to develop an additional 91 Discovery Zone facilities. The Company has also entered into a joint venture agreement with Discovery Zone pursuant to which the joint venture has been granted the right to develop an additional 10 Discovery Zone facilities in the United Kingdom.
EMPLOYEES
In March 1994, the Company had approximately 46,000 employees, including 43 officers, 37,000 video and music retail employees in the United States and 9,000 other employees. Other employees consist principally of the Company's international employees. Of the retail employees in the United States, the Company had approximately 8,800 full-time and 28,200 part-time store employees. The total staffing for a Blockbuster Video store is generally 10 to 15 employees (full-time and part-time), including a store manager. The total staffing for a music store is generally 15 to 18 employees (full-time and part-time), including a store manager. The required staffing in the Company's video and music stores at any one point in time generally ranges between 2 to 10 employees, and is dependant upon the time of season, day of the week and time of the day.
At December 31, 1993, Spelling employed or had service agreements with approximately 223 employees who were employed in administrative or other positions which are relatively independent of the Company's current level of production activities. In addition, Spelling employs individuals for particular production projects. As a result, the number of employees and production project employees providing services to Spelling can vary substantially during the course of a year depending upon the number and scheduling of its productions. Certain subsidiaries of Spelling are signatories to certain collective bargaining agreements relating to the various types of employees and independent contractors required to produce the television programming and feature films. The Company's other employees are not represented by a labor union or covered by a collective bargaining agreement.
The Company believes its relationship with employees to be good.
VIACOM MERGER AGREEMENT
In January 1994, the Company and Viacom entered into a merger agreement under which the Company would merge with and into Viacom, with Viacom being the surviving corporation. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each outstanding share of the Company's common stock, other than shares owned by Viacom or any subsidiary of Viacom or the Company and any dissenting shares (if applicable), shall be converted into the right to receive (i) .08 of one share of Viacom Class A common stock, (ii) .60615 of one share of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock, and (iii) up to an additional .13829 of one share of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock, with such amount to be determined in accordance with, and the right to receive such shares evidenced by, one variable common right (a "VCR") issued by Viacom. Employee stock options and warrants to acquire Company common stock outstanding as of the effective time of the merger will become exercisable thereafter for the merger consideration described above.
The number of shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock into which the VCRs convert will generally be based upon the highest 30 consecutive trading day average price of the non-voting Viacom Class B common stock during the 90 trading day period prior to the conversion date, which occurs on the first anniversary of the completion of the merger. In the event that such value is more than $40.00 per share but less than $48.00 per share, the VCRs will convert into the right to receive .05929 of a share of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock. If such value is below $40.00 per share, such number of shares will increase ratably to the maximum of .13829 of a share of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock at a value of $36.00 per share or, if such value is above $48.00 per share, the number of shares into which the VCR will convert will decrease ratably to have no value at a price of $52.00 per share. The upward adjustment in the value of the VCR in excess of .05929 of a share of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock will not be made in the event that, during any 30 trading day period following the completion of the merger and prior to the conversion date, the average closing price exceeds $40.00 per share. In the event that during any such period such average price exceeds $52.00 per share, the VCR will terminate.
Consummation of the merger is subject to certain conditions, including, among other things, approval by the stockholders of the Company and Viacom.
Item 2.


Item 2. Properties
The Company owns its corporate headquarters which total approximately 133,200 square feet located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
The Company owns the land and building for 54 of its Blockbuster Video stores and leases all of the remaining real estate sites (including the buildings and improvements thereon) upon which Company-owned video stores are located.
The Company's principal home video distribution and warehouse facility is located in Dallas, Texas in a leased facility of approximately 69,000 square feet. The lease for the distribution center expires on December 31, 1995. The Company also has leased office facilities in eleven cities in the United States serving as regional and district offices and has leased office space in Toronto, Canada, in London, England and in Tokyo, Japan in connection with its home video businesses.
The Company owns the land and building for two of its retail music stores and owns the building of a third music store location which is located on leased land. The Company leases the remaining real estate sites (including the buildings and improvements thereon) upon which the Company's music stores are located.
The Company leases space for offices and a distribution center in Dallas, Texas relating to the operations of Sound Warehouse, Music Plus and Blockbuster Music Plus. The space consists of two buildings in which the Company leases approximately 155,000 square feet of total floor space. The Company also has leased office space in Los Angeles, California and Atlanta, Georgia and distribution centers in Atlanta, Georgia and Durham, North Carolina in connection with its music business.
Spelling leases office space of approximately 51,000 square feet in Los Angeles and approximately 63,000 square feet in New York. In addition, Spelling leases offices in other cities in the United States and in various other countries throughout the world in connection with its international distribution activities. Spelling also rents facilities on a short-term basis for the production of its film product, including approximately 80,000 square feet in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Company owns approximately 1,770 acres of land in Southeast Florida upon which it is considering the development of a sports and entertainment complex. The Company is currently undertaking various studies and analyses to determine whether such a project would be feasible.
Management believes that the Company's distribution, warehouse and office facilities will be adequate for its home video, music retailing and filmed entertainment businesses in the foreseeable future.
Item 3.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company has become subject to various lawsuits, claims and other legal matters in the course of conducting its business, including its business as a franchisor. The Company believes that such lawsuits, claims and other legal matters should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Spelling is involved in a number of legal actions including threatened claims, pending lawsuits and contract disputes, environmental clean-up assessments, damages from alleged dioxin contamination and other matters. While the outcome of these suits and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes based upon its knowledge of the facts and circumstances and applicable law that the ultimate resolution of such suits and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition. This belief is also based upon the adequacy of approximately $30,000,000 of accruals that have been established for estimated losses on disposal of former operations and remaining Chapter 11 disputed claims, and an insurance-type indemnity agreement which covers up to $35,000,000 of certain such liabilities in excess of a threshold amount of $25,000,000, subject to certain adjustments. Substantial portions of such accruals are intended to cover environmental costs associated with Spelling's former operations. Such accruals are recorded without discount or offset for either the time value of money prior to the anticipated date of payment or expected recoveries from insurance or contribution claims against unaffiliated entities.
Item 4.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
See Part III, Item 10 of this report.
PART II.
Item 5.
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The common stock, $.10 par value ("Common Stock"), of the Company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange. The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low prices of the Common Stock for the period from January 1, 1992 through December 31, 1993 on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape as reported by the Wall Street Journal (Southeast Edition).
At March 18, 1994, there were 12,728 holders of record of the Common Stock. In April 1992, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a policy providing for the payment of quarterly cash dividends to the Company's stockholders and declared a cash dividend of two cents per share which was paid on July 1, 1992 to stockholders of record on May 4, 1992. On May 11, 1993, the Board of Directors of the Company amended such policy to provide for the payment of quarterly cash dividends to the Company's stockholders of two and one half cents per share.
Item 6.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
In August 1993, the Company merged with WJB. This transaction has been accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting and, accordingly, the Company's financial statements have been restated for all periods as if the companies had operated as one entity since inception. The following Selected Financial Data should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
See Notes 2 and 12, Business Combinations and Investments and Other Matters, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of business combinations and their effect on comparability of year-to-year data as well as events occurring subsequent to December 31, 1993.
Item 7.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
VIACOM INC. AGREEMENTS
In January 1994, the Company entered into a merger agreement pursuant to which the Company has agreed to merge into Viacom Inc. ("Viacom"), with Viacom being the surviving corporation. The closing of the merger is subject to customary conditions, including approval of the merger by the Company's stockholders.
Concurrently with the merger agreement, the Company entered into a subscription agreement pursuant to which in March 1994 the Company purchased from Viacom 22,727,273 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,250,000,000, or $55 per share.
Under the terms of the subscription agreement, the Company was granted certain rights to a make-whole amount in the event that the merger agreement is terminated and the highest average trading price of the non-voting Viacom Class B common stock during any consecutive 30 trading day period prior to the first anniversary of such termination is below $55 per share. Such make-whole amount would be based on the difference between $55 per share and such highest average trading price per share. However, the aggregate make-whole amount may not exceed $275,000,000.
Viacom is entitled to satisfy its obligation with respect to any such make-whole amount, at Viacom's option, either through the payment to the Company of cash or marketable equity or debt securities of Viacom, or a combination thereof, with an aggregate value equal to the make-whole amount or through the sale to the Company of the theme parks currently owned and operated by Paramount Communications Inc., a subsidiary of Viacom.
In the event that Viacom were to elect to sell the theme parks to the Company, the purchase price would be $750,000,000, payable through delivery to Viacom of shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock valued at $55 per share. If the theme parks were so purchased by the Company, the subscription agreement further provides that the Company would grant an option to Viacom, exercisable for a period of two years after the date of grant, to purchase a 50% equity interest in the theme parks at a purchase price of $375,000,000.
See "Capital Structure" under the heading of "Financial Condition" and "Recently Issued Accounting Standards" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 12, Other Matters, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion related to these transactions.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND INVESTMENTS
The Company makes its decisions to acquire or invest in businesses based on financial and strategic considerations.
All business combinations discussed below, except for the merger with WJB Video Limited Partnership and certain of its affiliates ("WJB"), were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, are included in the Company's financial statements from the date of acquisition.
In November 1993, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Super Club Retail Corporation and subsidiaries ("Super Club") from certain subsidiaries of Philips Electronics N.V. ("Philips"). The purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $150,000,000 and
consisted of 5,245,211 shares of Common Stock and warrants to acquire additional shares of Common Stock. The warrants give Philips the right to acquire 1,000,000 and 650,000 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices of $31.00 and $32.42 per share, respectively. As a result of the acquisition, the Company added to its system 270 music stores and 120 video stores operating primarily in the southeastern United States.
In October 1993, the Company purchased 24,000,000 shares of newly-issued Series A cumulative convertible preferred stock of Viacom for an aggregate purchase price of $600,000,000, representing a purchase price of $25 per share. The preferred stock provides for the payment of quarterly dividends at an annual rate of 5% and is convertible into non-voting Viacom Class B common stock at a conversion price of $70 per share. The preferred stock is redeemable at the option of Viacom beginning in October 1998.
In August 1993, the Company merged with WJB, the Company's then largest franchise owner with 209 stores operating in the southeastern United States. In connection with the merger, the Company issued 7,214,192 shares of its Common Stock in exchange for the equity interests of WJB. This transaction has been accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting and, accordingly, the Company's financial statements have been restated for all periods as if the companies had operated as one entity since inception.
During the second quarter of 1993, the Company acquired a majority of the common stock of Spelling Entertainment Group Inc. ("Spelling"), a producer and distributor of filmed entertainment. The aggregate consideration paid by the Company was approximately $163,369,000 and consisted of cash and 9,278,034 shares of Common Stock. The Company also issued to certain sellers of Spelling's common stock, warrants to acquire an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, at an exercise price of $25 per share. Additionally, in October 1993, the Company exchanged 3,652,542 shares of Common Stock for 13,362,215 newly issued shares of Spelling's common stock. See Note 7, Shareholders' Equity, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of this transaction. As a result of the transactions described above, the Company owned approximately 70.5% of the outstanding common stock of Spelling at December 31, 1993.
During 1993, the Company also acquired or invested in businesses that own and operate video stores, are involved in the production and distribution of filmed entertainment, and own, operate and franchise indoor recreational facilities for children. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $195,610,000 and consisted of cash and 5,631,180 shares of Common Stock.
In November 1992, the Company acquired Sound Warehouse, Inc. and subsidiary and Show Industries, Inc. ("Sound Warehouse" and "Music Plus"). Sound Warehouse and Music Plus are among the largest specialty retailers of prerecorded music in the United States with 235 stores operating in 40 metropolitan areas in 15 states at December 31, 1993. The purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $190,000,000 and consisted of cash and 4,142,051 shares of Common Stock.
In February 1992, the Company acquired Cityvision plc ("Cityvision"), the largest home video retailer in the United Kingdom. The purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $125,000,000 and consisted of cash and 3,999,672 shares of Common Stock. At December 31, 1993, Cityvision operated 775 stores under the trade name "Ritz".
During 1992, the Company also acquired or invested in several other businesses that own and operate video and music stores. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $103,774,000 and consisted of cash and 2,112,977 shares of Common Stock.
During 1991, the Company acquired several businesses that own and operate video stores. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $89,614,000 and consisted of cash and 6,492,757 shares of Common Stock.
The Company may from time to time invest in or acquire other businesses, properties or securities.
See "Capital Structure" under the heading "Financial Condition" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Notes 2 and 12, Business Combinations and Investments and Other Matters, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of business combinations and their effect on comparability of year-to-year data.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company continued its record of profitable growth during 1993. Revenue was $2,227,003,000, an increase of 69% over the prior year. Net income was $243,646,000 and net income per share was $1.10, increases of 64% and 45%, respectively, over 1992. The strong performance of a greater number of stores in operation, including newly acquired video and music stores, the addition of the Company's filmed entertainment business and a 9.2% increase in same store revenue for video stores in operation for more than one year contributed to the significant increases in revenue, net income and net income per share.
The following table reflects the Company's operating performance ratios (shown as a percentage of revenue or average investment) as of December 31 for each of the years indicated:
The ratios presented above generally met or exceeded the Company's performance goals. Returns on average capital, equity and assets declined in 1993 due primarily to the Company's strategic $600,000,000
investment in Series A cumulative convertible preferred stock of Viacom which provides a fixed rate of return which is less than the return historically achieved by the Company's video, music and filmed entertainment businesses. Return on average equity also decreased due to the increase in equity resulting from the conversion of the Company's Liquid Yield Option Notes ("LYONs") to shares of Common Stock. There can be no assurance that the ratios presented above will continue at the same levels. See also "Capital Structure" under the heading "Financial Condition" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following table sets forth the number of video and music stores in operation as of December 31 for each of the years indicated:
Company-owned video stores at December 31, 1993 included 775 stores operating under the "Ritz" trade name and 120 Super Club stores operating under the "Video Towne", "Alfalfa", "Movies at Home" and "Movieland" trade names. Company-owned music stores at December 31, 1993 consist of 511 retailing outlets currently operating under the "Blockbuster Music Plus", "Sound Warehouse", "Music Plus", "Record Bar", "Tracks", "Turtles" and "Rhythm and Views" trade names. Joint venture music stores at December 31, 1993 consist of "Megastores" operating under joint ventures with the Virgin Retail Group Limited ("Virgin").
The Company may from time-to-time convert certain Company-owned video and music stores operating under non-Blockbuster trade names to Blockbuster format stores. Additionally, the Company may decide to close or relocate certain Company-owned stores for various strategic reasons. As a franchisor of video stores, the Company may from time-to-time purchase certain franchise-owned stores or sell certain Company-owned stores to franchise owners in order to achieve the optimum mix of franchise-owned and Company-owned video stores within specific markets and the optimum division of geographic territory between the Company and its franchise owners.
The Company's video business may be affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic trends, acquisitions made by the Company, additional and existing competition, marketing programs, weather, special or unusual events, variations in the number of store openings, the quality of new release titles available for rental and sale, and similar factors that may affect retailers in general. As compared to other months of the year, revenue from Company-owned video stores in the United States has been, and the Company
believes will continue to be, subject to a decline during the months of April and May, due in part to the change to Daylight Savings Time, and during the months of September, October and November, due in part to the start of school and introduction of new television programs.
The Company's video business may also be affected by technological advances including, but not limited to, those relating to pay-per-view television. Currently, pay-per-view television provides less viewing flexibility to the consumer than videocassettes, and the more popular movies are generally available on videocassette prior to appearing on pay-per-view television. However, technological advances could result in greater viewing flexibility for pay-per-view television or in other methods of electronic delivery, and such industry developments could have an adverse impact on the Company and its franchise owners' businesses. Notwithstanding these possible technological advances, the Company believes that home video will continue to have the competitive advantages of being not only the first source of filmed entertainment in the home before pay-per-view but also the most convenient source.
The Company's music business in general may be affected by economic conditions and conditions in the music industry including, but not limited to, the quality of new titles and artists, existing and additional competition, changes in technology and similar factors that may affect retailers in general. The Company's music business is seasonal with higher than average monthly revenue normally experienced during the Thanksgiving and Christmas seasons, and somewhat lower than average revenue normally experienced in September and October.
The Company believes that as it continues to open and acquire video and music stores in areas in which there are existing Company stores, revenue and operating income of such existing stores may decline. The Company believes such a decline could result from certain customers of existing stores choosing to become customers of new Company stores due to more convenient locations. The Company, however, believes that aggregate revenue and operating income generated by all stores in operation will most likely increase because newly-opened and acquired Company stores typically not only draw customers from existing Company stores, but may also draw customers of competitors' stores who prefer the more favorable selection, convenience and shopping experience of a nearby Company store.
The success of the Company's filmed entertainment business depends, in part, upon the network exhibition of its television series over several years to allow for more profitable licensing and syndication arrangements. During the initial years of a television series, network and international license fees normally approximate the production costs of the series, and accordingly, the Company recognizes only minimal profit or loss during this period. If a sufficient number of episodes of a series are produced, the Company is reasonably assured that it will also be able to sell the series in the domestic off-network market, and the Company would then expect to realize a more substantial profit with respect to the series.
The Company's filmed entertainment business in general may also be affected by the public taste, which is unpredictible and subject to change, and by conditions within the filmed entertainment industry including, but not limited to, the quality and availability of creative talent and the negotiation and renewal of union contracts relating to writers, directors, actors, musicians and studio craftsmen, as well as any changes in the law and governmental regulation. In 1993, a Federal district court vacated certain provisions of consent decrees which prohibited television networks from acquiring financial interests and syndication rights in television programming developed or created by non-network suppliers such as the Company. Accordingly, subject to certain restrictions imposed by the Federal Communications Commission, the networks will be able to negotiate with program suppliers to acquire financial interests and syndication rights in television programs that air on the networks and therefore could become competitors of the Company.
The following is a discussion of significant items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended December 31, 1993:
RENTAL REVENUE
Rental revenue consists primarily of the rental of videocassettes and was $1,285,412,000 in 1993, as compared to $969,333,000 in 1992 and $742,013,000 in 1991, representing annual increases of 33% and 31%, respectively. The significant increases in rental revenue in 1993 and 1992 are primarily the result of the increased number of Company-owned video stores in operation and increased same store rental revenue for video stores in operation for more than one year.
PRODUCT SALES
The following table sets forth the components of product sales revenue for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
Product sales at music stores, which consist principally of the sales of compact discs, audiocassettes and other music related items, represent sales made at Sound Warehouse and Music Plus stores which were acquired by the Company in November 1992 and Super Club music stores which were acquired in November 1993.
The significant increases in product sales at Company-owned video stores, which consist principally of the sales of prerecorded videocassettes, confectionery items and video accessories, are primarily due to a greater number of stores in operation and an increase in product sales on a per store basis. Revenue from product sales in
Company-owned video stores represented approximately 16% of total video store revenue for 1993 and 1992 and 15% for 1991.
See Revenue Recognition of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of product sales.
OTHER REVENUE
Other revenue consists primarily of programming and distribution revenue generated by the Company's filmed entertainment business, which was acquired during 1993, and royalties from video franchising activities. Programming and distribution revenue is derived primarily from network license fees, first run syndication sales and fees arising from domestic and international television licensing agreements.
The following table sets forth the components of other revenue for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
See Revenue Recognition of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of other revenue.
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
The following table sets forth the cost of product sales as a percentage of product sales revenue and programming and distribution expenses as a percentage of programming and distribution revenue. All other operating expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses are shown as a percentage of total revenue for the years ended December 31:
The above table represents consolidated percentages of operating costs and expenses which include the addition of the Company's music business in November 1992 and its expansion during 1993 and the addition of the Company's programming and distribution business in April 1993. The inclusion of these businesses affect the comparability of year-to-year data as more fully described below.
COST OF PRODUCT SALES
Cost of product sales was $430,171,000, $196,175,000 and $126,746,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. These increases are consistent with the increases in product sales revenue for such periods. The decrease in cost of product sales as a percentage of product sales revenue for the years ended December 31, 1993 and 1992 is primarily attributable to the addition of the Company's music business in late 1992 and its expansion during 1993. The sale of music products generated higher gross margins than those historically achieved from the sale of video related products.
OPERATING EXPENSES
Programming and distribution expenses were $151,610,000 for the year ended December 31, 1993. Such expenses relate to the Company's filmed entertainment business and include amortization of film costs and program rights, amounts paid or due to producers, and other residual and profit participation expenses. See Film Costs and Program Rights of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of programming and distribution expenses.
Compensation, occupancy, and depreciation and amortization expenses, as percentages of revenue, declined in 1993 compared to 1992. These decreases relate principally to the addition of the Company's music and filmed entertainment businesses for the 1993 periods. The ratios of compensation, occupancy, and depreciation and amortization expenses to the revenue of such businesses were lower than the ratios historically achieved in the Company's video business.
Compensation expenses were $349,798,000, $238,531,000 and $187,199,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. These increases are primarily a result of the continued expansion of the Company's business through the development and acquisition of video stores and the addition of the Company's music and filmed entertainment businesses.
Occupancy expenses were $297,953,000, $217,860,000 and $154,289,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. These increases are primarily the result of the continued expansion of the Company's business through the development and acquisition of video and music stores.
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $396,122,000, $306,829,000 and $223,672,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. The increases are primarily the result of the Company's continued investment in capital additions, particularly videocassette rental inventory, and, in 1992, the Company's adoption of a shorter economic life for certain videocassettes purchased after December 31, 1991. See Videocassette Rental Inventory and Property and Equipment of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of depreciation and amortization.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $178,322,000, $113,587,000 and $108,607,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. These increases primarily reflect the expansion of the Company's business through the development and acquisition of video and music stores. However, as a percentage of revenue, these expenses declined due to the addition of the Company's music businesses in November 1992 and 1993 and filmed entertainment business in April 1993. The ratio of selling, general and administrative expenses to the revenue of such businesses is lower than the ratio historically achieved in the Company's video business.
INTEREST EXPENSE
Interest expense was $33,773,000, $17,793,000 and $21,780,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. The increase in 1993 is primarily attributable to increases in average indebtedness resulting from the expansion of the Company's business.
GAIN FROM EQUITY INVESTMENT
The Company's consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 1993 include a gain before income taxes of $2,979,000 resulting from the Company's investment in Discovery Zone, Inc. ("Discovery Zone") and a subsequent initial public offering of 5,000,000 common shares by Discovery Zone in June 1993. See Gain on Equity Investment of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of this transaction.
OTHER EXPENSE
Other expense, net, was $9,217,000, $893,000 and $2,345,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. The increase in 1993 is primarily a result of minority interest expense arising from the Company's filmed entertainment business, which is less than 100% owned.
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
The Company's effective tax rate was 37.5%, 35.9% and 36.8% for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. The increased rate in 1993 is primarily attributable to the increase in the statutory federal corporate tax rate. The decreased rate in 1992 is primarily the result of reductions in the Company's effective foreign income tax rate.
See Note 5, Income Taxes, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of income taxes.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
The Company believes that its financial condition remains strong and that it has sufficient operating cash flow and other financial resources
necessary to meet its anticipated capital requirements and obligations as they come due.
WORKING CAPITAL
Working capital at December 31, 1993 amounted to $105,485,000 as compared to a deficit of $54,992,000 at December 31, 1992. The increase of $160,477,000 during 1993 was due primarily to cash provided by operating and financing activities and working capital resulting from the addition of the Company's filmed entertainment business.
Videocassette rental inventories are deemed non-current assets under generally accepted accounting principles as they are not assets which are reasonably expected to be completely realized in cash or sold in the normal business cycle. Although the rental of such inventory generates a significant portion of the Company's revenue, the classification of such assets as non-current under generally accepted accounting principles requires their exclusion from the computation of working capital. For this reason, the Company believes working capital is not as significant as a measurement of financial condition for companies operating in the home video industry as it is for companies without operations in the home video industry.
Accounts and notes receivable consist primarily of amounts due from customers. At December 31, 1993, accounts and notes receivable were $135,172,000, an increase of $91,022,000 over December 31, 1992. This increase relates primarily to the addition of receivables from licensing agreements related to the Company's filmed entertainment business.
The current portion of film costs and program rights was $117,324,000 at December 31, 1993 and also relates to the addition of the Company's filmed entertainment business.
Other current assets were $50,210,000 at December 31, 1993, an increase of $27,111,000 as compared to December 31, 1992. This increase was primarily due to the expansion of the Company's music business and an increase in current deferred income tax assets related to the Company's foreign operations.
Merchandise inventories and accounts payable at December 31, 1993 were $350,763,000 and $369,815,000, respectively, an increase of $170,761,000 and $153,453,000 over December 31, 1992. These increases are primarily a result of the Company's expanded music business where it is customary to carry larger merchandise inventories as compared to Company-owned video stores, as well as its expanding video operations.
Accrued liabilities were $177,695,000 at December 31, 1993, an increase of $78,177,000 as compared to December 31, 1992. This increase primarily reflects the Company's addition of its filmed entertainment business and expansion of its music business.
Accrued participation expenses were $43,013,000 at December 31, 1993 and relate to the addition of the Company's filmed entertainment business.
VIDEOCASSETTE RENTAL INVENTORY AND PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
See "Cash Flows From Investing Activities" under the heading "Cash Flows" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Videocassette Rental Inventory and Property and Equipment of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of videocassette rental inventory and property and equipment policies and other information.
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets increased approximately $434,163,000 during 1993 primarily as a result of acquisitions made by the Company during the year.
See Intangible Assets of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 2, Business Combinations and Investments, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of intangible assets.
OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consist primarily of equity investments in less than majority-owned businesses and the non-current portion of film costs and program rights and increased approximately $205,824,000 during 1993 primarily as a result of the addition of the Company's filmed entertainment business and investments in less than majority-owned businesses.
See Other Assets of Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of other assets.
MINORITY INTERESTS IN SUBSIDIARIES
Minority interests in subsidiaries increased during 1993 as a result of the Company's acquisition of its filmed entertainment business which is less than 100% owned.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
In February 1994, the Company entered into a credit agreement with certain banks pursuant to which such banks advanced the Company on an unsecured basis $1,000,000,000 for a term of twelve months. In March 1994, the Company used the proceeds from such borrowing along with $250,000,000 of proceeds from borrowings under its existing credit facility for the purchase of shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock. See "Business Combinations and Investments" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 12, Other Matters, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of the Viacom transactions.
The following table sets forth the components of the Company's capital structure, as a percentage of total capital, at December 31:
The changes in long-term debt, subordinated convertible debt and shareholders' equity as a percentage of total capital in 1993 primarily reflects the conversion of substantially all of the Company's subordinated convertible debt into shares of Common Stock during 1993. Significant transactions affecting long-term debt, subordinated convertible debt and shareholders' equity are discussed below.
In December 1993, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with certain banks pursuant to which such banks have agreed to advance the Company on an unsecured basis an aggregate of $1,000,000,000 for a term of 40 months. The Credit Agreement significantly increased the Company's committed borrowing capacity and contains terms and conditions generally consistent with those existing under the prior 1992 revolving credit facility which the Credit Agreement replaced. At December 31, 1993, approximately $411,000,000 was outstanding under the Credit Agreement.
In November 1993, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 14,650,000 shares of Common Stock, realizing net proceeds of approximately $424,118,000 which were used to reduce existing indebtedness.
Subordinated convertible debt represented the Company's issuance of $300,000,000 principal amount at maturity of LYONs. The LYONs were zero-coupon notes subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness. In August 1993, the Company called the LYONs for redemption. As a consequence of the call, substantially all such LYONs were converted to approximately 8,303,000 shares of Common Stock.
In December 1992, the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a shelf registration statement covering up to $300,000,000 of unsecured senior and unsecured subordinated debt securities. In February 1993, the Company issued $150,000,000 of 6.625% senior notes under the registration statement, which notes mature in February 1998 and pay interest semi-annually. The proceeds from such issuance were used to refinance existing indebtedness.
In January 1992, the Company received approximately $66,000,000 from Philips for the purchase of 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock. Philips subsequently exercised an option to acquire an additional 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock at $11.00 per share. The sale of the additional 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock was completed in July 1992 with the Company receiving from Philips a $54,500,000 promissory note which was paid on June 30, 1993. During 1992, in addition to the option exercised
by Philips, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $15,808,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants and options to acquire 7,371,084 shares of Common Stock.
During 1993 and 1992, the Company issued Common Stock valued at approximately $369,407,000 and $113,974,000, respectively, in connection with its acquisitions and investments.
See Notes 2, 3, 4 and 7, Business Combinations and Investments, Long-Term Debt, Subordinated Convertible Debt and Shareholders' Equity, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of business combinations, investments, indebtedness and shareholders' equity.
CASH FLOWS
Cash and cash equivalents increased by $51,896,000 in 1993 compared to decreases of $8,306,000 in 1992 and $94,000 in 1991. The major components of these changes are discussed below.
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Cash flows provided by operating activities increased to $522,284,000 in 1993 from $450,785,000 in 1992 and $350,351,000 in 1991. Such increases are primarily a result of the increased number of Company-owned video stores in operation. Cash provided by operating activities combined with cash provided by financing activities in 1993, 1992 and 1991 were used to fund capital additions and acquisitions as the Company's business expanded during these years. Cash provided by operating activities generated substantially all of the cash needed for capital additions, net of disposals of videocassette rental inventory, during the three years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991.
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital additions for new and existing stores and cash used in business combinations and investments comprise most of the Company's investing activities. Capital additions, which consist primarily of purchases of videocassette rental inventory and property and equipment, were $615,657,000, $394,532,000 and $300,694,000 in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. Cash used in business combinations and investments was $673,241,000, $252,888,000 and $8,244,000 in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively, and includes the $600,000,000 investment in Series A cumulative convertible preferred stock of Viacom as well as acquisitions of Spelling and Super Club in 1993 and the acquisitions of Cityvision, Sound Warehouse and Music Plus in 1992.
See "Viacom Inc. Agreements" and "Business Combinations and Investments" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 2, Business Combinations and Investments and Note 12, Other Matters, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of businesses acquired and other investments.
During 1993, 1992 and 1991 the Company opened or acquired a net of 483, 980 (including 775 stores related to the Cityvision acquisition) and 307 video stores, respectively. During 1993 and 1992, the Company also opened or acquired a net of 273 and 238 music stores, respectively. Company-opened video stores require initial capital expenditures, including the purchase of videocassettes for rental, of generally between $375,000 to $700,000 per store. The Company has recently developed its own prototype music store called "Blockbuster Music Plus". The Company currently projects that the cost to open a new "Blockbuster Music Plus" store will require an initial investment, including capital expenditures and merchandise inventory, of generally between $700,000 to $1,000,000. The cost of acquiring video and music stores varies, depending upon the size, location, operating history of the store, and, in the case of video stores, the value associated with any reacquisition of franchise rights for the territory related to the video store acquired. Thus, although the Company can reasonably estimate the dollar amount necessary to open a new video or music store, it is impossible to know the cost of each acquisition or what mix of new store openings and acquisitions will occur in the future.
The Company believes that during 1994 it will continue to purchase new release videocassettes and property and equipment in a manner substantially consistent with historical practices. The Company currently intends to continue to expand in the entertainment industry, which may include acquiring and opening additional video and music stores, as well as developing, making investments in or acquiring other entertainment related concepts or businesses. In addition, the Company plans on converting a substantial number of its existing music stores to the "Blockbuster Music Plus" format during 1994. The Company believes that cash provided by operating activities as well as cash available under the Company's Credit Agreement will be adequate to finance capital additions and other funding requirements during 1994. The Company from time to time may seek additional or alternate sources of financing.
See Note 3, Long-Term Debt, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of financing available under the Company's credit facilities and from other sources.
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Cash flows from financing activities during 1993, 1992 and 1991 resulted from commercial bank borrowings, repayments of such bank borrowings, issuances of Common Stock and, in 1993 and 1992, the payment of cash dividends. Proceeds from the issuance of Common Stock were $595,698,000 in 1993 and primarily consisted of the sale of 14,650,000 shares of Common Stock in an underwritten public offering. These financing activities combined with cash provided by operating activities were used to fund capital additions and the development and acquisition of stores as the Company's business expanded during these years.
See "Capital Structure" under the heading "Financial Condition" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Notes 3, 4, 6 and 7, Long-Term Debt, Subordinated Convertible Debt, Stock Options and Warrants and Shareholders' Equity,
of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of indebtedness and shareholders' equity transactions.
INFLATION
The Company anticipates that its business will be affected by general economic trends. While the Company has not operated in the videocassette rental industry, the music retailing industry or filmed entertainment industry during a period of high inflation, the Company believes that if costs increase, it should be able to pass such increases on to its customers.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
The Company has foreign operations, primarily in the United Kingdom and Canada. Exchange rate fluctuations between the currencies of these countries and the U.S. Dollar may result in the translation and reporting of varying amounts of U.S. Dollars in the Company's consolidated financial statements. Based on the current scope of its foreign operations, the Company believes that any such fluctuations would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations as reported in U.S. Dollars.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Effective January 1, 1994, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 112, Employers' Accounting for Postemployment Benefits, and SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The Company believes the adoption of SFAS No. 112 will not have a material effect on its results of operations or financial condition. However, the adoption of SFAS No. 115 will require the Company to adjust its investment in non-voting Viacom Class B common stock to fair value. Pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 115, the Company has classified such investment as an "available-for-sale security". Accordingly, any adjustment to fair value will be excluded from net income and reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Based on the quoted market price at March 23, 1994 and after satisfaction of Viacom's make-whole obligation, the maximum adjustment to fair value would result in a reduction of total assets and shareholders' equity of approximately $186,000,000, net of income taxes, at such date.
See "Viacom Inc. Agreements" of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a further discussion of the Viacom investment.
Item 8.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
All other schedules are omitted as not applicable or not required.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1993 and 1992, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1993. These financial statements and the schedules referred to below are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1993 and 1992, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1993, in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The schedules included in Item 14.(a)(2) are presented for purposes of complying with the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and are not part of the basic financial statements. These schedules have been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audits of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly state, in all material respects, the financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN & CO.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, March 23, 1994.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (000's omitted in all tables except per share amounts)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The accompanying consolidated financial statements present the consolidated financial position and results of operations of Blockbuster Entertainment Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company"). All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
In order to maintain consistency and comparability between periods presented, certain amounts have been reclassified from the previously reported financial statements in order to conform with the financial statement presentation of the current period.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements also include the financial position and results of operations of WJB Video Limited Partnership and certain of its affiliates ("WJB"), with which the Company merged in August 1993. This transaction has been accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting and, accordingly, these financial statements and notes thereto have been restated as if the companies had operated as one entity since inception. See Note 2, Business Combinations and Investments, for a further discussion of this transaction.
Accounts and Notes Receivable:
Accounts and notes receivable, which are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, consist primarily of amounts due from customers. The current portion of notes receivable was approximately $13,298,000 and $15,432,000 at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of accounts and notes receivable at December 31, 1993 and 1992 approximate fair value at such dates.
Merchandise Inventories:
Merchandise inventories, consisting primarily of prerecorded music and videocassettes, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the moving weighted average or the retail inventory method, the uses of which approximate the first-in, first-out basis.
Film Costs and Program Rights:
Film costs and program rights relate to the operations of the Company's filmed entertainment business. See Note 2, Business Combinations and Investments. Film costs and program rights include production or acquisition costs (including advance payments to producers), capitalized overhead and interest, prints, and advertising expected to benefit future periods. These costs are amortized, and third party participations and residuals are accrued, in the ratio that the current year's gross revenue bears to estimated future gross revenue, calculated on an individual product basis.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Film costs and program rights are stated at the lower of cost, net of amortization, or estimated net realizable value on an individual film product basis. Estimates of total gross revenue, costs and participation expenses are reviewed quarterly and write-downs to net realizable value are recorded and future amortization expense is revised as necessary. Based on the Company's estimates of future gross revenue as of December 31, 1993, approximately 60% of unamortized released film costs and program rights will be amortized within the next three years.
The components of film costs and program rights, net of amortization, at December 31, 1993 are as follows:
The non-current portion of film costs and program rights is included in other assets.
Videocassette Rental Inventory:
Videocassettes are recorded at cost and amortized over their estimated economic life with no provision for salvage value. Videocassettes which are considered base stock are amortized over thirty-six months on a straight-line basis. Videocassettes which are considered new release feature films frequently ordered in large quantities to satisfy initial demand ("hits") are, except as discussed below, amortized over thirty-six months on an accelerated basis. "Hit" titles for which twelve or more copies per store were purchased during the period from January 1, 1990 through December 31, 1991 were, for the twelfth and any succeeding copies, amortized over twelve months on an accelerated basis. Effective January 1, 1992, "hit" titles for which ten or more copies per store are purchased are, for the tenth and any succeeding copies, amortized over nine months on an accelerated basis. For the twelve months ended December 31, 1992, the adoption of this shorter economic life had the effect of reducing net income by approximately $9,556,000 and net income per common and common equivalent share by approximately five cents per share.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Videocassette rental inventory and related amortization at December 31 are as follows:
Amortization expense related to videocassette rental inventory was $295,729,000, $234,862,000 and $171,509,000 in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. As videocassette rental inventory is sold or retired, the applicable cost and accumulated amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss thereon is recorded.
Property and Equipment:
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization expense is provided over the estimated lives of the related assets using the straight-line method. Property and equipment at December 31 consists of the following:
Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $74,772,000, $59,094,000 and $43,868,000 in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively. Additions to property and equipment are capitalized and include acquisitions of property and equipment, costs incurred in the development and construction of new stores, major improvements to existing property and management information systems. As property and equipment is sold or retired, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss thereon is recorded.
Intangible Assets:
Intangible assets primarily consist of the cost of acquired businesses in excess of the market value of net tangible assets acquired. The cost in excess of the market value of net tangible assets is amortized on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from 15 to 40 years. Subsequent to its acquisitions, the Company continually evaluates factors, events and circumstances which include, but are not limited to, the historical and projected operating performance of acquired businesses, specific industry trends and general economic conditions to assess whether the
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
remaining estimated useful life of intangible assets may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of intangible assets may not be recoverable. If such factors, events or circumstances indicate that intangible assets should be evaluated for possible impairment, the Company uses an estimate of undiscounted net income over the remaining life of the intangible assets in measuring their recoverability. Accumulated amortization of intangible assets at December 31, 1993 and 1992 was $45,286,000 and $20,168,000, respectively.
Other Assets:
Other assets consist primarily of equity investments in less than majority-owned businesses, the non-current portion of film costs and program rights related to the Company's filmed entertainment business and the non-current portion of accounts and notes receivable. The non-current portion of such receivables was approximately $39,153,000 and $47,288,000 at December 31, 1993 and 1992, respectively. The Company believes the carrying amounts of the non-current portion of accounts and notes receivable approximate fair value at such dates.
Accrued Participation Expenses:
Accrued participation expenses relate to the Company's filmed entertainment business and include amounts due to producers and other participants for their share of programming and distribution revenue.
Foreign Currency Translation:
Foreign subsidiaries' assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date while income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the periods presented. The resulting translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income. The aggregate transaction gain included in the determination of net income for the year ended December 31, 1992 was $6,778,000. There were no transaction gains or losses during the years ended December 31, 1993 and 1991.
Revenue Recognition:
Revenue from Company-owned video and music stores is recognized at the time of rental or sale. Revenue from franchise owners is recognized when all material services or conditions required under the Company's franchise agreements have been performed by the Company.
Revenue from programming and distribution is recognized as follows: (1) revenue from licensing agreements covering film product owned by the Company is recognized when the film product is available to the licensee for telecast, exhibition or distribution, and other conditions of the licensing agreements have been met and (2) revenue from television distribution of film product which is not owned by the Company is recognized when billed.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Gain From Equity Investment:
It is the Company's policy to record gains or losses from the sale or issuance of previously unissued stock by its subsidiaries or by companies in which the Company is an equity investor and accounts for its investment using the equity method.
The Company's consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 1993 include a gain before income taxes of $2,979,000, resulting from the Company's investment in Discovery Zone, Inc. ("Discovery Zone") and a subsequent initial public offering of 5,000,000 common shares by Discovery Zone in June 1993. Discovery Zone owns, operates and franchises indoor recreational facilities for children.
Cash Flow Information:
Cash equivalents consist of interest bearing securities with original maturities of less than ninety days.
See Notes 2, 3, 5 and 7, Business Combinations and Investments, Long-term Debt, Income Taxes and Shareholders' Equity, of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of supplemental cash flow information.
2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND INVESTMENTS
All business combinations discussed below, except for the merger with WJB, were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, are included in the Company's financial statements from the date of acquisition.
In November 1993, the Company acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Super Club Retail Entertainment Corporation and subsidiaries ("Super Club"), which owns and operates video and music stores. The purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $150,000,000 and consisted of 5,245,211 shares of the Company's common stock, $.10 par value ("Common Stock") and warrants to acquire shares of Common Stock. The warrants give the holders the right to acquire 1,000,000 and 650,000 shares of Common Stock at exercise prices of $31.00 and $32.42 per share, respectively.
In October 1993, the Company purchased 24,000,000 shares of newly-issued Series A cumulative convertible preferred stock of Viacom Inc. ("Viacom") for an aggregate purchase price of $600,000,000, representing a purchase price of $25 per share. The preferred stock provides for the payment of quarterly dividends at an annual rate of 5% and is convertible into non-voting Viacom Class B common stock at a conversion price of $70 per share. The preferred stock is redeemable at the option of Viacom beginning in October 1998. Although the preferred stock is currently an unlisted equity security, based upon a valuation which considered the terms and conditions of the preferred stock as well as comparisons to other similar securities, the Company estimates the fair
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
value of such investment to be approximately $552,000,000 at December 31, 1993.
In August 1993, the Company merged with WJB, its largest franchise owner. In connection with the merger, the Company issued 7,214,192 shares of its Common Stock in exchange for the equity interests of WJB. This transaction has been accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting and, accordingly, the Company's financial statements have been restated for all periods as if the companies had operated as one entity since inception.
Revenue and net income of the previously separate companies for the periods before the pooling of interests business combination was consummated (after reflecting the effects of intercompany eliminations) are as follows:
During the second quarter of 1993, the Company acquired a majority of the common stock of Spelling Entertainment Group Inc. ("Spelling"), a producer and distributor of filmed entertainment. The aggregate consideration paid by the Company totaled approximately $163,369,000 and consisted of cash and 9,278,034 shares of Common Stock. The Company also issued to certain sellers of Spelling's common stock, warrants to acquire an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of its Common Stock at an exercise price of $25 per share. Additionally, in October 1993, the Company exchanged 3,652,542 shares of Common Stock for 13,362,215 newly issued shares of Spelling's common stock as more fully discussed in Note 7, Shareholders' Equity. As a result of the transactions described above, the Company owned approximately 70.5% of the outstanding common stock of Spelling at December 31, 1993.
During 1993, the Company acquired or invested in businesses that own and operate video stores, are involved in the production and distribution of filmed entertainment, and own, operate and franchise indoor recreational facilities for children. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $195,610,000 and consisted of cash and 5,631,180 shares of Common Stock.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In November 1992, the Company acquired Sound Warehouse, Inc. and subsidiary and Show Industries, Inc. ("Sound Warehouse" and "Music Plus") which own and operate music stores. The purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $190,000,000 and consisted of cash and 4,142,051 shares of Common Stock.
In February 1992, the Company acquired Cityvision plc ("Cityvision"), the largest home video retailer in the United Kingdom. The purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $125,000,000 and consisted of cash and 3,999,672 shares of Common Stock. At December 31, 1993, Cityvision operated 775 stores under the trade name "Ritz".
During 1992, the Company also acquired or invested in several other businesses that own and operate video and music stores. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $103,774,000 and consisted of cash and 2,112,977 shares of Common Stock.
During 1991, the Company acquired several businesses that own and operate video stores. The aggregate purchase price paid by the Company was approximately $89,614,000 and consisted of cash and 6,492,757 shares of Common Stock. Such shares of Common Stock include 1,297,921 shares issued by the Company in connection with the repayment of a $12,586,000 short-term promissory note which was issued by the Company in connection with an acquisition during 1991.
The Company's consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31 on an unaudited pro forma basis assuming the acquisitions of Super Club, Spelling, Sound Warehouse and Music Plus had occurred as of January 1, 1992, are as follows:
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The purchase price allocations for all business combinations and investments discussed above, except for the merger with WJB which was accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting, were as follows for the years ended December 31:
The amounts presented above for 1993 reflect the preliminary purchase price allocations for business combinations.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
3. LONG-TERM DEBT
Long-term debt at December 31 is as follows:
In December 1993, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with certain banks pursuant to which such banks have agreed to advance the Company on an unsecured basis an aggregate of $1,000,000,000 for a term of 40 months. Outstanding advances, if any, are payable at the expiration of the 40-month term. The Credit Agreement requires, among other items, that the Company maintain certain financial ratios and comply with certain financial covenants. Interest is generally determined and payable monthly using a competitive bid feature. The Credit Agreement replaces a 1992 revolving credit arrangement among the Company and certain other banks.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In December 1992, the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a shelf registration statement covering up to $300,000,000 of unsecured senior debt securities and unsecured subordinated debt securities. In February 1993, the Company issued $150,000,000 of 6.625% senior notes under the registration statement. Such notes mature in February 1998 and pay interest semi- annually. The proceeds from such issuance were used to refinance existing indebtedness. The notes are registered on the New York Stock Exchange and at December 31, 1993 had a quoted market price of approximately $101.25 per note resulting in a fair value for all outstanding notes of approximately $151,875,000.
All outstanding advances under the bank term loan, which were related to the Company's filmed entertainment business, were repaid and such loan terminated in January 1994.
Excluding the unsecured senior notes discussed above, substantially all of the Company's long-term debt at December 31, 1993 and 1992 carried interest rates that were adjusted regularly to reflect current market conditions. Accordingly, the Company believes the carrying amount of such indebtedness approximated fair value at such dates.
The Company made interest payments of $26,301,000, $9,707,000 and $12,913,000 in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively.
4. SUBORDINATED CONVERTIBLE DEBT
In August 1993, the Company called its Liquid Yield Option Notes ("LYONs") for redemption. As a consequence of the call, substantially all such LYONs were converted to approximately 8,303,000 shares of Common Stock resulting in an increase to shareholders' equity of approximately $122,272,000. The LYONs were issued initially in November 1989 in the aggregate principal amount at maturity of $300,000,000 and required no periodic interest payments. Each LYON had an issue price of $308.32 and would have had a principal amount due at maturity of $1,000 (representing a yield to maturity of 8% per annum computed on a semi-annual bond equivalent basis). Each LYON was convertible into 27.702 shares of Common Stock, at the option of the holder, at any time on or prior to maturity, was subordinated to all existing and future Senior Indebtedness (as defined in the LYONs indenture agreement) of the Company, and was redeemable under certain circumstances in whole or in part, at the option of the Company, for cash in an amount equal to the issue price plus accrued original issue discount to the date of redemption.
The LYONs were registered on the New York Stock Exchange and at December 31, 1992 had a quoted market price of approximately $530 per LYON resulting in a fair value for all outstanding LYONs of approximately $159,000,000.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
5. INCOME TAXES
In February 1992, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 109 - Accounting for Income Taxes, which superceded SFAS No. 96. The Company adopted SFAS No. 109 in 1991.
The income tax provision for the years ended December 31 consists of the following components:
A reconciliation of the federal income tax rate to the Company's effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31 are as follows:
During 1993, the Company's valuation allowance increased by $43,544,000 to $47,275,000. Such increase relates primarily to certain deferred tax assets of acquired businesses which consist principally of net operating loss carryforwards. Should future circumstances result in a change in the valuation allowance, such change may be allocated so as to increase or decrease intangible assets.
The foreign component of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 1993 and 1992 was approximately $15,200,000 and $22,723,000, respectively.
At December 31, 1993, the Company had approximately $210,000,000 of operating and capital loss carryforwards available to reduce future income taxes, of which approximately $29,000,000 have unlimited carryforward periods and approximately $181,000,000 expire in varying amounts commencing in 2001. These carryforwards relate primarily to businesses acquired by the Company and to periods prior to their respective acquisition dates.
The Company made income tax payments of approximately $63,621,000, $61,002,000 and $14,857,000 in 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
6. STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS
The Company has various stock option plans under which shares of Common Stock may be granted to key employees and directors of the Company. Options granted under the plans are non-qualified and are granted at a price equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock at the date of grant.
A summary of stock option and warrant transactions for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
In February 1992, warrants to acquire 5,138,323 shares of Common Stock, originally issued in 1987 in connection with the initial equity investment in the Company by its Chairman, were exercised with the Company receiving proceeds of approximately $6,293,000.
In April 1992, the Company granted a call option, for 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock, to Philips Electronics N.V. ("Philips") that was subsequently exercised as more fully described in Note 7, Shareholders' Equity.
7. SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 500,000 shares of $1 par value preferred stock at such time or times, in such series, with such designations, preferences, special rights, limitations or restrictions thereof as it may determine. No shares of preferred stock have been issued.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In November 1993, the Company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission 14,650,000 shares of its Common Stock to be offered in an underwritten public offering. Upon the sale of such shares, the Company realized net proceeds of approximately $424,118,000 which were used to reduce existing indebtedness.
In October 1993, the Company issued 3,652,542 shares of its Common Stock to Spelling in exchange for 13,362,215 newly issued shares of Spelling's common stock increasing the Company's ownership to approximately 70.5% of the outstanding common stock of Spelling. Spelling subsequently resold such shares of the Company's Common Stock resulting in an increase to the Company's shareholders' equity of approximately $100,445,000.
In 1993, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $16,635,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants and options to acquire 2,674,933 shares of Common Stock.
Sales of Common Stock as shown on the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the year ended December 31, 1992 include $66,000,000 received in January 1992 from Philips for the purchase of 6,000,000 shares of Common Stock and $55,000,000 from Philips related to the exercise of an option to purchase 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock. The sale of the additional 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock was completed in July 1992 with the Company receiving from Philips a $54,500,000 promissory note which was subsequently collected in June 1993. In addition to the option exercised by Philips, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $15,808,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants and options to acquire 7,371,084 shares of Common Stock in 1992.
In April 1992, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted a policy providing for the payment of quarterly cash dividends to the Company's shareholders. Cash dividends of nine and one half and six cents per common share were declared during 1993 and 1992, respectively.
In 1991, the Company received net proceeds of approximately $11,516,000 in connection with the exercise of warrants and options to acquire 6,439,748 shares of Common Stock.
As of December 31, 1993, approximately 34,624,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance under employee benefit and dividend reinvestment plans, upon exercise of certain warrants and options and in connection with potential acquisitions of other businesses, properties or securities.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases substantially all of its retail, distribution and administration facilities under non-cancellable operating leases, which in most cases contain renewal options. Rental expense was approximately $212,803,000, $153,522,000 and $106,608,000 for the years ended December 31, 1993, 1992 and 1991, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases at December 31, 1993 are due as follows:
The Company has guaranteed obligations of certain of its joint ventures aggregating approximately $53,755,000 at December 31, 1993. After considering its interest in the underlying assets of such joint ventures, the Company believes it is not exposed to any potential material losses in connection with these guarantees.
Subject to certain conditions, the Company is committed to purchase all of the outstanding common stock of Republic Pictures Corporation ("Republic") for approximately $68,000,000 in cash in connection with the merger of Republic into Spelling.
The Company has become subject to various lawsuits, claims and other legal matters in the course of conducting its business, including its business as a franchisor. The Company believes that such lawsuits, claims and other legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
Spelling is involved in a number of legal actions including threatened claims, pending lawsuits and contract disputes, environmental clean-up assessments, damages from alleged dioxin contamination and other matters primarily resulting from its discontinued operations. Some of the parties involved in such actions seek significant amounts of damages. While the outcome of these suits and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes based upon its knowledge of the facts and circumstances and applicable law that the ultimate resolution of such suits and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition. This belief is also based upon the adequacy of approximately $30,000,000 of accruals that have been established for probable losses on disposal of former operations and remaining Chapter 11 disputed claims and an insurance-type indemnity agreement which covers up to $35,000,000 of certain possible liabilities in excess of a threshold amount of $25,000,000, subject to certain adjustments. Substantial portions of such accruals are intended to cover environmental costs associated with Spelling's former operations. Such accruals are recorded without discount or offset for either the time value of money prior to the
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
anticipated date of payment or expected recoveries from insurance or contribution claims against unaffiliated entities.
Although there are significant uncertainties inherent in estimating environmental liabilities, based upon the Company's experience it is considered unlikely that the amount of possible environmental liabilities and Chapter 11 disputed claims would exceed the amount of accruals by more than $50,000,000.
9. NET INCOME PER SHARE
Net income per common and common equivalent share is based on the combined weighted average number of common shares and common share equivalents outstanding which include, where appropriate, the assumed exercise or conversion of warrants and options. In computing net income per common and common equivalent share, the Company utilizes the treasury stock method. For the year ended December 31, 1992, computation of net income per common and common equivalent share on a fully diluted basis assumes conversion of the LYONs, resulting in an increase to net income for the hypothetical elimination of interest expense, net of tax, related to the LYONs. No such adjustment was necessary for 1993 as the LYONs were converted to shares of Common Stock as more fully described in Note 4, Subordinated Convertible Debt.
The information required to compute net income per share on a primary and fully diluted basis for the years ended December 31 is presented below:
10. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
Prior to 1992, the Company's operations consisted primarily of operating and franchising video stores. With the acquisition of Sound Warehouse and Music Plus in November 1992, the acquisition of a majority interest in Spelling in April 1993 and the acquisition of Super Club in November 1993, the Company's operations were expanded to include the sale
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
of prerecorded music and related items and the production and distribution of filmed entertainment.
Financial information about the Company's operations by industry segment for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
11. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
The following is an analysis of certain items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations by quarter for 1993 and 1992.
12. OTHER MATTERS
In January 1994, the Company entered into a merger agreement pursuant to which the Company has agreed to merge with and into Viacom, with Viacom being the surviving corporation. Under the terms of the agreement each share of Common Stock shall be converted into the right to receive .08 shares of Viacom Class A common stock, .60615 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock and under certain circumstances, up to an additional .13829 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock. The closing of the merger is subject to customary conditions including approval of the merger by the Company's shareholders.
Concurrently with the merger agreement, the Company entered into a subscription agreement pursuant to which, in March 1994, the Company purchased from Viacom 22,727,273 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,250,000,000, or $55 per share.
In February 1994, the Company entered into a credit agreement with certain banks pursuant to which such banks advanced the Company on an unsecured basis $1,000,000,000 for a term of twelve months. In March 1994, the Company used the proceeds from such borrowing along with $250,000,000 of proceeds from borrowings under its existing Credit Agreement for the purchase of shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Under the terms of the subscription agreement the Company was granted certain rights to a make-whole amount in the event that the merger agreement is terminated and the highest average trading price of the non-voting Viacom Class B common stock during any consecutive 30 trading day period prior to the first anniversary of such termination is below $55 per share. Such make-whole amount would be based on the difference between $55 per share and such highest average trading price per share. However, the aggregate make-whole amount may not exceed $275,000,000.
Viacom is entitled to satisfy its obligation with respect to any such make-whole amount, at Viacom's option, either through the payment to the Company of cash or marketable equity or debt securities of Viacom, or a combination thereof, with an aggregate value equal to the make-whole amount or through the sale to the Company of the theme parks currently owned and operated by Paramount Communications Inc., a subsidiary of Viacom.
In the event that Viacom were to elect to sell the theme parks to the Company, the purchase price would be $750,000,000, payable through delivery to Viacom of shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock valued at $55 per share. If the theme parks were so purchased by the Company, the subscription agreement further provides that the Company would grant an option to Viacom, exercisable for a period of two years after the date of grant, to purchase a 50% equity interest in the theme parks at a purchase price of $375,000,000.
Effective January 1, 1994, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The adoption of SFAS No. 115 will require the Company to adjust its investment in non- voting Viacom Class B common stock to fair market value. Pursuant to the provisions of SFAS No. 115, the Company has classified such investment as an "available-for-sale security". Accordingly, any adjustment to fair value will be excluded from net income and reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity. Based on the quoted market price at March 23, 1994 and after satisfaction of Viacom's make-whole obligation, the maximum adjustment to fair value would result in a reduction of total assets and shareholders' equity of approximately $186,000,000, net of income taxes, at such date.
Item 9.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None
PART III.
Item 10.


Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following table sets forth as of March 18, 1994, the names of the directors and executive officers of the Company, their respective ages and their respective positions with the Company.
Each director holds office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor has been elected and qualified. Officers are elected by the Board of Directors and serve at its discretion.
Mr. Huizenga became a Director of the Company in February 1987, was elected as Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company in April 1987 and is Chairman of the Executive Committee. Mr. Huizenga served as President of the Company until June 1988. He is a co-founder of Waste Management, Inc. (now known as WMX Technologies, Inc. ("WMX")), a waste disposal and collection company, where he served in various capacities, including President, Chief Operating Officer and a Director, until May 1984. From May 1984 to present, Mr. Huizenga has been an investor in other businesses and is the sole stockholder and Chairman of the Board of Huizenga Holdings, Inc. ("Holdings"), a holding and management company with various business interests. In connection with these business interests, Mr. Huizenga has been actively involved in strategic planning for, and executive management of, these businesses. Mr. Huizenga also has a majority ownership interest in Florida Marlins Baseball, Ltd. ("the "Florida Marlins"), a Major League Baseball sports franchise, owns the Florida Panthers Hockey Club, Ltd., a National Hockey League sports franchise (the "Florida Panthers"), a limited partnership interest in Miami Dolphins, Ltd. (the "Miami Dolphins"), a National Football League sports franchise, and an ownership interest in Robbie Stadium Corporation and certain affiliated entities, which own and operate Joe Robbie Stadium in South Florida. Mr. Huizenga has entered into an agreement to purchase the remaining ownership interest in the Miami Dolphins. Mr. Huizenga is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Spelling. Mr. Huizenga is also a member of the Boards of Directors of Republic, Discovery Zone, Viacom, Viacom International Inc. and Paramount Communications, Inc.
Mr. Allen became a Director of the Company in July 1986 and is Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Since October 1988, Mr. Allen has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of A.C. Allen & Co., a financial services consulting firm. He also is a Director and Vice Chairman of both Psychemedics Corporation ("Psychemedics") and the DeWolfe Companies, Inc. He is also a director of the Forschner Group. Prior to October 1988, Mr. Allen was Executive Vice President of Advest Group, Inc., an investment banking firm. Mr. Allen was Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Burgess and Leith, a New York Stock Exchange member firm from 1984 to 1986.
Mr. Barrett joined the Company in July 1989 as Director of Information Services and became Vice President of Corporate Information Systems in February 1992. He became Senior Vice President of Information Services
in February 1994. From January 1983 until July 1989, he was a management consultant with Andersen Consulting in Dallas, Texas.
Mr. Berrard joined the Company in June 1987 as Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer and became a Director of the Company in May 1989. Mr. Berrard became Vice Chairman of the Board in November 1989 and President and Chief Operating Officer in January 1993. He served as Treasurer of the Company from June 1987 until February 1989, as Senior Vice President of the Company from June 1987 until November 1989 and as Chief Financial Officer of the Company from June 1987 to June 1992. Mr. Berrard is President, Chief Executive Officer and a Director of Spelling. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Republic. He is also a limited partner of the Florida Marlins. Prior to his tenure with the Company, Mr. Berrard served as President of Holdings, which was known prior to June 1988 as Waco Services, Inc. From January 1983 to April 1985, Mr. Berrard served in various positions with Waco Leasing Company and Port-O-Let International, Inc., including President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary. Prior to January 1983, Mr. Berrard was employed by Coopers & Lybrand, an international public accounting firm, for over five years.
Mr. Castell joined the Company in February 1989 as Senior Vice President of Programming and Merchandising and became Senior Vice President of Programming and Communications in August 1991. From October 1985 to February 1989, he was Vice President of Marketing and Merchandising at Erol's Inc., then a chain of two hundred video stores headquartered in the Washington, D.C. area. From October 1984 to October 1985, Mr. Castell was the President and sole stockholder of Big Think, Inc., a marketing consulting company. Mr. Castell is also Vice President of Spelling.
Mr. Croghan became a Director of the Company in July 1987 and is currently Chairman of the Audit and Finance Committee. He is also a Director of Lindsay Manufacturing Company, St. Paul Bancorp, Inc. and the Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Fund. Mr. Croghan is, and has been for more than the past five years, the Chairman of Lincoln Capital Management Company, an investment advisory firm.
Mr. Detz joined the Company in January 1991 as Assistant Corporate Controller and became Vice President and Corporate Controller in February 1992. From 1980 until he joined the Company, Mr. Detz served in various finance related positions with Encore Computer Corporation, including Vice President and Corporate Controller. Prior to 1980, Mr. Detz was employed by Coopers and Lybrand, an international public accounting firm, for four years.
Mr. Fairbanks joined the Company in June 1992 as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and became Treasurer of the Company in March 1993. From October 1980 until the time he joined the Company, Mr. Fairbanks served in a number of finance related capacities, including Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Waste Management International plc. Prior to October 1980, Mr. Fairbanks was employed by Arthur Andersen & Co., an international public accounting
firm, for approximately four years. Mr. Fairbanks is also Senior Vice President of Spelling.
Mr. Flynn became a Director of the Company in February 1987 and is Chairman of the Nominating Committee. He is Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Flynn Enterprises, Inc., a business consulting and venture capital company, and since July 1992 has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Discovery Zone, a franchisor and operator of fun and fitness centers for children. Mr. Flynn also currently serves as a Director of WMX, Chemical Waste Management, Inc., Waste Management International plc., Wheelabrator Technologies, Inc. and Psychemedics. From 1972 to 1990, Mr. Flynn served in various positions with WMX, including Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.
Mr. Guerin became Senior Vice President of Domestic Franchising of the Company in January 1992. From October 1989 until December 1991, Mr. Guerin was Senior Vice President of Administration and Development for the Company. He joined the Company as a Vice President in March 1988. From March 1986 to March 1988, he served as Vice President and Region Manager of Waste Management of North America, Inc., a subsidiary of WMX, where he was responsible for operations with over 6,000 employees. From June 1982 to March 1986, he served as President of Wells Fargo Armored Service Corp., a transporter of currency and valuables with over 7,000 employees.
Mr. Hawkins joined the Company in November 1989 as Senior Corporate Counsel and became Associate General Counsel and Secretary in August 1991 and Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in February 1993. He became Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in February 1994. He is also Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Spelling. From May 1986 until October 1989, he was associated with the law firm of Bell, Boyd & Lloyd in Chicago, Illinois.
Mr. Hilmer joined the Company in February 1993 as Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer. From 1984 to 1992, he served as Division President and Managing Partner as well as a member of the Board of Directors of Whittle Communications L.P., a media and education company. From 1969 to 1984, Mr. Hilmer held various senior marketing-related positions including Senior Vice President and Management Director at Leo Burnett & Co., a worldwide advertising agency.
Mr. Johnson became a director and President - Consumer Division of the Company in August 1993. From 1987 until August 1993, Mr. Johnson was managing general partner of WJB, which prior to its consolidation with the Company in August 1993 was the Company's largest franchise owner. From 1967 through 1987, Mr. Johnson served as counsel to the law firm of Johnson, Smith, Hibbard & Wildman in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Board of Directors of Duke Power Company.
Mr. Martin-Busutil joined the Company in July 1992 as President - International Division. From 1981 to 1992, Mr. Martin-Busutil held various positions with Cadbury-Schweppes, including President of
Cadbury Beverages in Europe. From 1961 to 1981, Mr. Martin-Busutil served in a number of international management and marketing related capacities with General Foods.
Mr. Melk was re-elected a director of the Company in May 1993. Since 1988, Mr. Melk has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of H20 Plus Inc., which develops and manufactures health and beauty aid products. Mr. Melk has been a private investor in various businesses since March 1984 and prior to March 1984, he held various positions with WMX and its subsidiaries, including President of Waste Management International, plc. Mr. Melk also currently serves as a director of Psychemedics and Discovery Zone. From February 1987 until March 1989, Mr. Melk served as a director and Vice Chairman of the Company.
Mr. Weber joined the Company in January 1988 as Regional Manager, became Zone Vice President in May 1989, was promoted to Vice President of Operations in June 1990 and became Senior Vice President of Operations in February 1991. From January 1986 to December 1987 he was President and Chief Operating Officer of Spirits, Inc., a Ft. Lauderdale, Florida company. From November 1982 to January 1986, he held the position of Vice President of the Gray/Drug Fair Division of Sherwin-Williams Co. Prior to that, Mr. Weber held various management positions with the Shoppers Drug Mart division of the Imasco Corporation.
In 1993, the Board of Directors held an aggregate of 13 regular and special meetings. Each member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company is currently paid a quarterly fee of $6,250 plus $1,250 for each meeting attended. In addition, each non-employee member of the Board who serves as the Chairman of a Board Committee is paid $625 for each meeting of such committee attended.
Item 11.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement of the Company relating to the 1994 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement of the Company relating to the 1994 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The information required by this item will be set forth in the Proxy Statement of the Company relating to the 1994 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV.
Item 14.
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) (1) Financial Statements of the Company are set forth in Part II, Item 8.
(2) The following financial statement schedules for each of the three years ended December 31, 1993 are submitted herewith:
Schedule V - Property, Plant and Equipment.
Schedule VI - Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization of Property, Plant and Equipment.
Schedule VIII - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.
Schedule X - Supplementary Statements of Operations Information.
(3) Exhibits - (See the Index to Exhibits included elsewhere herein).
(b) Form 8-K dated October 6, 1993 relating to an agreement in principle pursuant to which the Company will purchase Super Club Retail Entertainment Corporation from Philips Electronics N.V. for approximately $150,000,000.
Form 8-K dated October 22, 1993 relating to the Company's restated financial information which reflects the consolidation with WJB Video Limited Partnership and certain
of its affiliates which was accounted for under the pooling of interests method of accounting, and a $600,000,000 credit agreement obtained by the Company.
Form 8-K dated November 1, 1993 relating to the consummation of the investment in Viacom Inc. and pro forma capitalization information.
Form 8-K dated November 5, 1993 relating to certain financial statements and pro forma financial information related to the Company's proposed acquisition of Super Club Retail Entertainment Corporation.
Form 8-K dated November 19, 1993 relating to the completion of the acquisition of Super Club Retail Entertainment Corporation and related pro forma information.
Form 8-K dated December 22, 1993 relating to the Company's amended and restated Credit Agreement pursuant to which certain financial institutions have agreed to advance the Company and/or certain subsidiaries of the Company on an unsecured basis an aggregate of $1,000,000,000.
Form 8-K dated January 7, 1994 relating to the Company's Agreement and Plan of Merger with Viacom Inc. and Subscription Agreement pursuant to which the Company will purchase from Viacom Inc. 22,727,273 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,250,000,000.
Form 8-K dated February 15, 1994 relating to the Company's Credit Agreement pursuant to which certain financial institutions have agreed to advance the Company on an unsecured basis an aggregate of $1,000,00,000 for the purchase of shares of capital stock of Viacom Inc. pursuant to the Subscription Agreement dated January 7, 1994 between the Company and Viacom Inc.
Form 8-K dated March 10, 1994 relating to the Company's completed purchase from Viacom Inc. of 22,727,273 shares of non-voting Viacom Class B common stock pursuant to the Subscription Agreement dated January 7, 1994, between the Company and Viacom for an aggregate purchase price of $1,250,000,000.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (In Thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 1993
(1) Assets acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.
(2) Primarily represents the effects of foreign currency translation.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (In Thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 1992
(1) Assets acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.
(2) Primarily represents the effects of foreign currency translation.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE V
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (In Thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 1991
(1) Assets acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method of accounting.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VI
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (In Thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 1993
(1) Primarily represents the effects of foreign currency translation.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VI
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (In Thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 1992
(1) Primarily represents the effects of foreign currency translation.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VI
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (In Thousands)
For the year ended December 31, 1991
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE VIII
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (In Thousands)
For the years ended December 31,
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE X
SUPPLEMENTARY STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION (In Thousands)
For the years ended December 31,
(1) Items not presented are less than one percent of revenue.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
BLOCKBUSTER ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION
Date: March 30, 1994 By: /S/ H. Wayne Huizenga ---------------------------------- H. Wayne Huizenga Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Date: March 30, 1994 By: /S/ H. Wayne Huizenga ---------------------------------- H. Wayne Huizenga Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ Steven R. Berrard ---------------------------------- Steven R. Berrard Vice Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Operating Officer
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ Gregory K. Fairbanks ---------------------------------- Gregory K. Fairbanks Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ Albert J. Detz ---------------------------------- Albert J. Detz Vice President and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ A. Clinton Allen, III ---------------------------------- A. Clinton Allen, III Director
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ John W. Croghan ---------------------------------- John W. Croghan Director
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ Donald F. Flynn --------------------------------- Donald F. Flynn Director
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ George D. Johnson, Jr. --------------------------------- George D. Johnson, Jr. Director
March 30, 1994 By: /S/ John J. Melk --------------------------------- John J. Melk Director
EXHIBIT INDEX
- ---------------- * Not applicable