NOTES AND NOTIONS.

|BtJ s w z___^'» aJIM,OA °', . MAN-HIS WAOBS-HIS ScS G°v^_!!f . uiinmy^tthatlwouldtrytoindi. 'r^thesocialcohditionsbhatmake other isms a vorf- Her jSPSfa" f ISSO she added For the toff eng°- \& m an hour »*r£iAM* SS buy up the half H m fi this moment', with all its mines of Europe this mom , ket andihanufector^anai debfc jnoney _*«£&£ fen. And now of yr >Jf*S__2_r'&'i>! this picture. Jefcuslookat the othersi on e..leventh of her popu _ the wealthiest counwy fee n-onem ? n in every rage^ls f o oo TbepbpnlationofLong e b g beiieVed *° X SqVnrkTs near. seven times thab ? thatKA_ surprise therefore, to hear Nearly a qSVof a million of the of New York are paupers. Kbooks itS^Btttar-Oty o/outcast guch boots <™ Ew the p OOI . Live,"giveus 10nl'Jof the state of existence in the some notion oi ra» ( Children of l^Sle veil from the London Sim n and shows Us how 250 000 of Eb clasTmanage to eke out an existence. f^ffrnttXfuntoll Thp Commissioner of the .e«.ea™ 0I eSSrlm thus describes a visit madver £l P5) aNew York tenement house. fconaer.sealittle. Boom, ten feeb square ; lowceiUng; only light, small begrimed Sow in the gable. Ten women and four S machines here. Sewing cloaks in this room in a temperature we 1 up m the -nineties." Scantily clad, unkempt hair; nale abject countenances, "they formed a mature I have never seen before, and hope never to see again. They were working as if driven by some unseen power. Style and quality.of the cloaks, the v.ry best. Lined with quilted satin, trimmed with sealskin or other expensive materials, finding ready sale in the shops at from 35d01. to 7odol. each. Two of these women could manage, by long hours and the most diligent appli cation, to turn out one cloak a day, and the price they received from the contractor, or rate the 'sweater,' was Idol, i. c.. fifty cents', each;" The report closes by saying thlt hundreds of similar sights are to be i fo-hd in the city. "No words of mine ; could convey to the public any adequate 'conception of the truly awful condi- : tio'n of . thousands of these suffering i neople." this is the official report of a i Government inspector. It helps us to < believe Mr George, when he tells lis " that i there is a large class—l was about to say a i majority^-of the population of New York 1 and Brooklyn who just manage to live, and j to whom the rearing of two or more children ! means inevitably a boy for the Penitentiary 1 and a girl for.the brothel." . . 1 And now, how about the American work- 1 man? One .hears a good deal about his i position and his Wealth, etc. Well, let us ) heir what ah official document has to say 1 ab^ut him. It i_ one of the Wise provisions _ of'th'e _Mrican Government that it has i organised btureatrs.-of'Statistics throughout the States for the purpose of gathering re- i fiable information ragafding the social con- i tllfijnpfthe^eople;;, Oneof themo3b,com-' . plete of these is ___t Tin r Massachusetts.''"lt i is startling to learn, therefore, from the : Btatistics collected by this bureau, "that, i while-the average expenses of a working man's family is, in round numbers, .oidol., ; the average receipts of the heads of families ■ is only 558d01." la .other words, the ex penditure exceeds the receipts by 196d01. ' And this in one of the most favoured States : in the Union", THb'wj then, does the family ; live? Clearly it can only live by forcing : the wife and to ruri .in com- 1 petition against bhe, husband aud fabher. i ''T__.y-.tffo, per cent. of. the support ] of' the family cbme_ from them:" The " workmen T Hears oh iill sides of the i wholly unparalleled wealth of his country. ' He looks,at himself,, he. find., that he is 1 steadily Rowing pdbr^r—that it is only by i the hard straggling of himself, and his wife i _ndc___rea-.tEathe .an, make bobh ends i meet. He studies bhe state of matters ; he 1 asks himself is bhere any prospecb of im provement?, He is led to conclude that bhe i present sylten. of -things' absolutely forbids 1 the hbpe. In "thVfirst place, the invention j of machinery is continually throwing him i out of employment, and this invention is ] going on at a rapid rate.: Theseiriventions i ,°S___!Sr_3iJ e > put money: in the pockets I of the workman. . The surplus goes to in- c crease the capitalisb's gains. Take an t ulustration. -.Sir, Lyon.Jlayfair told the t British Association in 1885 that science had succeeded in perfecting a process a of; Which in th_ single industry of the i manufacture of lucifer matches, L 26.000,000 r were saved to the hatibn. Very good; but t into.whose pockets did this money go? t Certaihiynbt into the pockets of the work- i People,- for ; the poor, girls who make these i matches are amongst the most wretchedly I paidintlfeUnitedKingdorii. -With their i Wag.!so.f,^ 6d a-week, they certainly do ( .oL a?. p,ear, to have reaped much of this i splifendid:: harvest of L2_,00d,000, which J wtoce hai.been able to save to the con- 1 sataers. ; What: is t rue,pf bhis industry is 1 ™ pothers, I belief Rodbertus 1 aroetfakes to show "that the increased 1 production of machine power has bene- 3 Sta.[ 3 ts» y:and entirblyr landlords.and t BiS'i^.^* ™ *° be remembered . S»S • Plloa. lon 0f m^hinery leads to oHr tlon °f. work' »a specialisation maS^ n V^dnees a , stunted gnhpod. Fancy; e W .,a_ikhpointingpinsail &__«■_ - 01' Ta^ mmS a small bar of iron and iJs™ lan1 an ever-ravenous machine, Z^t" for a life! W »i stll] *°rse i-esult is produced. Bmalnn gV. c y?rkmah came ifito per- r ThuVZ i -.""S, without a conscience. ] emJov Pf i;=cI a- 10nS b?^ ween employer and t £ffiL.fr B £ pMUy tra^formedinto . °l h aM ke^ sweet the l I«SlfrDth^ .All over America '. «mmnifT?i 1-dIS^ peariil«- Vnge a m SiiS- place. These ( TO»rim-rii e.,P °oUhe?" lnterests with "ii t wB'mWW companies, prtffiSt'iflp fe marl.etc. Thus, the J WatS *¥$® a Committee of the ? SSoTctl^ k! n Part in a com! *«> m*&s&*m o cure the evil of Vwef. mJlt f *_ kefc ' stated that t fci' ade3 thafc did tho KiHhS a"i m P^entihg ib this [ b^for our vSrli. Very po^nd of r°Pe we th« cornSf eJ f or ourmine S is fixed by c tt?«Sg» nianufacturers of °m screw, -_-,es!,.^ ery Heg of nails, all . kSL?^ and hinges- r on tara S P'l °USes - fire-bricks,gas-pines . Pri<:e fixed WtT^^y-^^^gbt at the . them^^M-femills that manufacture \ l««- __. 1 1? obedience to what is J

I fl bhe "iron law of wages." men are ■ (iclled tc work ten or twelve hours g, and frequently bheir wives and chil ._| work also; yeb ib is computed thab ;' j.rybody did his duty, wibh the labour i sff power which machinery has intro -3> three hours a-day of work would e _! everybody to live respectably, and s purs would produce three times tho , _nib of wealbh bhab is required for com ; -fo!(2) It is contended that the present ' gotmd political condition of tilings are so fnin bhe inberesbof capital that a dollar atipound interest for sevenby years will pi^e as much as a workman slaving for • fc nf .ei'eriod." (3) The American Sbabe . .^system, 0 f she is so justly p_(j is turning oub bho children of the 0 -rAro£C"classes with new tastes, new aspira tioflOW capacities of every kind. To . j nC . capacity musb be to increase wants, and' yo"nger generation growing up can gjvd) satisfaction with a society in ', lV^i(l-hese wants find ho fulfilment. • There taught in schools literature, , sc jgi art, music, and 'ologios of all , kindbut the children of workpeople i read, leaving school, that the society' whic)kes such care to develop their capat? while young, is so arranged as to stan'iem when they are older. It is a' life.aieath struggle for bread, leaving no time .tivate those tasteswliich theirearly' educa fostered. To feed these wants, thus 7 created, requires some leisure from.fl of drudgery. But no such leisure is pos& Carefully nurtured for a while, it is' 1 afterwards to bo mocked, and fi na .ly)roduce desperate despair. (4) A newsc' of political economy .is rising, which 'hes bhe workman bhab labour is som.ti.moro than a commodity, to be boughtd sold like corn or hogs. It teacbe'surther, thab bhe produce of lahovir?ititutes bhe natural wages or re compSßf labour—that in this original state pings which precedes both the appropipn 0 f land and the accumulation of stock; whole pvoclu.ee of labour belongs to the larers. Had this stabe of things contihufwnges would have augmented with iin/ements. Bub from a variety; of causes labourer lost possession of bhe insbrum< of wealbh ; he was, in facb, robbed oem by sbronger powers, and he has gonesinking in the social scale since. Thus tha'kman is baughb bo believe bhab he is therce of .wealbh. bub bhab while he is adr bo bhe counbry's riches ab a rate,jlly unprecedented in the history he himself, Who is the produceriiis wealth, is steadily growing poorer. |§ the conditions of society are such as TOvent him from sharing in the wealth h's creating. Now rehearse bhings likhese wibh all bho resources of oraboric&y to crowds of Wdrkm'en— ill-fed, iUised, ill-clobhed, and ofben unemploye poinb bhem bo bheir own poverty;fir bhem by passionabe logic bhab th'ey;ve been emploited of that which rigllly belongs to them ; show them thelites of the capitalists and the sumptuous, of the millionaires, and you willsooid yourself standing on the brink of aVoano. no longer latent and slumbering.hat is where America seenis to me to b_.iy. The capitalist takes his stand cofdbn the law of political economy, sm teaches that labour is nothing- mobhan a commodity, to be manipulatecVte iron or coal, and has behind himie force and power of government|i soldiers. On the other side stancphe Wage-worker, em bittered Byhe sense of real or fancied wi.H^ving translated to him, in fiery rhetoric^ .principles of Proudhon and Blanc an<arl Slarx, and demanding now neitherfifcy nor charity, but only fair play ahaHice. It needs no great provision toflfree thab collisions musb bake place. jLted and scabbcred bhoy will be afc-firs|^l the prolebariab will cer tainly be wors.for the time being ; bub bhe oreranisatibi the labouring classes in America is .^eding wibh marvellous rapidiby. Th&ijseh'b sbabe of thing 3is intolerable. Itannot lasb. The "only question is, ( W4form is bhe. solution to take ? Is ib bo';beace or war ? Is ib bo be an evolution oft.Svolution ? Many years ago, Ferdinandi|salle, bhe eloquenb in terpreter of Kajiai'x to the workers of the world, wrote* I am persuaded that a revolution rjlace. It -will take place legally, Tffititfi all the blessings of freedom, if befoi. be too late our rulers become wise, defined, and courageous enough bo lead?! Otherwise, after the lapse of certoiff'V, the Goddess of Re volution will fcff_n entrance into our social structure afiall the convulsions of violence with w__treaming locks and brazen sandalsb'nlfeeb. In ono way or the other she willyie : and when; forget ting the tumult day, I sink myself in history, I am at to hear from afar her heavy tread."

The labour ofg_ations of America number to-day miUi pf men. They are being educabed __ drilled. All Oyer America I foundpfeati'oris going on for the struggle thabTfybody feels is ap proaching, because-is'in "America that bhis struggle willjj take place. The ballot quieted for a|| the English /demo cracy, and the abq.__ 0 f the Lords and then of Royalty wijerhaps keep it in temper a' libble IpHj; an d, a Republic would possibly acf. sop bo bhe German workman. Bub in 7 bhere are no more concessions 6i __ kind to be rriade. These sbages are pas,. They liave been tried, and have not >ked the regenera tion hoped for. Rggenbative govern ment has broken doWS The commerce is ruled by "pools," lifepal government by " rings," arid Cong, itself is libble less than a " boss ring "6. bigo-'er scale. A Committee of the Lecture recently re ported, that bo bill co[ p ags the House without Varfderbilt a#| e a 0 f ft. America has thus no more politl rights to give to her people. .They has_ e ballot. They have manhood suffrageihey have their Republic. What is jb^ beyond these? Nothing bub Socialism;^ Anarchy. The hexb evolution of goverr. n t w ill be alone lines iri one or other o^ e directions.

UNKNOWN

Criticism ojtkb __etnl_f t MO British

G.yernmc

Th_ Duke of Corihaugnt|ii admitted, is no warrior. He holds a^, re office and one of bhe mosb conspicuOp osifc _ ons i n the Indian army. Sir John-£ nburn) during bhe discussion of the Le_% )pointe( _ oub bhe risk and danger to the a _ c of intrust ing important commands, j ncoir)pe tent relatives of her Majesby, a& r John man . aged to bring oub bhe fafct^ the Duke 0 f Cambridge had beenapp^ fco thegrea b ofhce of commander-in-ch-aj the imperial army, although he hadfiL seH 4 ag ensign, lieutenant captfe^, lieu. tenant or commander ,nthi ln J and the elementary grades.. Ffiffi i ys. J<shn showed that while the e_F _- t - of the W-and.navy^3Lorf^liiS Sft SUm ? s?f nfc m half Pflensions a.nd letirement allowances. t|Li working officers are bhus given no cXl c 0 f promo " = .t,a»dLp l -iv i le_e,,K t t« s c0 ,_£ muni.y. • IS Labouchere, in his charL.;.f,v vein denounced bhe proposed C^nre Of £17,000 upon bhe Westmihl|JS%? vices. He wanbed bo m^U%m Laboucherc's description of. ' - 7,v ' ofbheabbeyinbdarL^oul^Se" bhe management of sonlKi End upholsterer caused much ail 7. i-,„. the House was less amused remarked that the people \$ , °. fnr £17,000 while men were d| *f±lZ tion in the neighbourhood o| °b£

A BRAVE WOMAN.

Site is Carried _Lway by iM-laws.

HER SUCCESSFUL ESCAPE,

Tho Ruffians Shot With Their Own Woapons—A .-.rilling Hide.

Men are accusbomed bo look upon women as frail, tender and without pluck, but the bravery and heroism of bhe female sex when forced to face the inevitable, shine forth in instances which men may have equalled but never excelled.

In June, 1878, three ruffians, one of whom was a half-breed Indian, rode up to bhe pioneer cabin of Henry Clark, situated near bhe State line j_B-We.ll Kansas and Nobraska, due north of Smith Centre, and on the bank of the Republican river, lb was aboub 10 o'clock in bhe forenoon, and Clark was in Marysville, Kan., on business, leaving bhe wife, who was a robusb woman of 25, alone on the place. Hospibaliby is bhe rule in the West, and when the men asked for breakfast she could not well refuse, although she made up her mind at first glance that they were bad men. They said they were looking for sbock, and seemed bo be posted as to Clark's absence. All were heavily armed, and rode good horses. While Mrs Clark was very much frightened and annoyed at their presence, she made a pretence of being cool and brave, and this probably put the climax off for some time. She prepared a good break fast, and the men sat down to cab, bub ib was easy bo see bhab bhey were nob hungry. They only made a pretense of eating, and when bhey gob up bwo of bhem seized her and rushed her oub doors, and bhe third, who had already mounbod, received her on his saddle. In speaking of bhis acb, Mrs Clark explains.

" I had been expecting jusb such a move, and was in a measure prepared for it. I knew bhey meanb me evil, and I was glad when I saw bhey were bo bake me away. We had no neighbour nearer bhan bhreo miles, and I felt that only in being taken aWay from the house was bhere any chance of rescue from bheir clutches. Men wero consbanbly riding aboub bhe counbry look ing for land or sbray sbock, and I had sbrong hopes of meebing some parby before we had gone far. Therefore, when they seized me I made but libble resistance, and, apparently to bheir greab surprise, I did nob scream nor faint."

The men rode off at a gallop up the river, skirting bhe edges of bho timber, and in aboub -hree-quarters of an hour reached a cabin which had been abandoned early in the spring by a family named Miller. Tho settler's wife died, and he had removed to Red Cloud. The cabin was a small and snug affair, having a heavy door with a bar bo it, and bhe windows provided wibh almosb bulleb-proof inside shubters. Tho men rode s'braighb to the cabin and dismounted, Mrs Clarlc being assisted off tho saddle before the man who rode the horse with her got down. As she struck bhe ground she grabbed for bho bubb of a revolver which sbuck oub of bhe hdlsber of tho man who helped her down, and what happened in bhe nexb bwo or bhreo minutos she relates her self :

"I was and am a fair shot wibh rifle or re^'olver. I firsb seized bho weapon wibh bhe idea of cottimiting suicide, bub changed my mind in an instant, pulled rip the hammer, and shot the man in the leg before he had taken his hands off me. Then I da- ted for the cabin, carrying the smoking weapon in my hand. The half-open door was only ten feeb away, and I was inside and had bhe door, bar in place in a few seconds. Indeed, bho man whom I had wounded had scarcely cried oub before I was in bhe house. My acbion was so sudden arid unexpecbed bhab nob a hand was sti-bched oub to stop me. Fortunately for me, the bar stood on end just behind tho door, and as I slipped it into place I folb bhab I had been saved. Two or bhree years of pioneer life give a woman courage and confidence, and I knew I had disabled one of bhe men and had five bullebs lefb for bhe other two."

The wounded man received the bullet in bhe lefb leg jusb ab bhe knee, and made a serious matter of it. He fell to bhe ground and cursed and groaned in a terrible way, and vowed that the woman should be burned ab bhe stake bo pay for his injury. His companions.were at first inclined to ridicule him and to admire the pluck of bhe woman, bub when bhey realised bhab he would probably lose his limb, and that the trio had a peck of trouble on hand, their anger became frightful. They made a rush forthe door, evidently expecting to easily lay hands on the woman and drag her out, but they found it barred. When they turned to the windows they found them also well secured. It became plain to bhem bhab she rheanb determined resistance, and they gave up their efforts and rehired bo Consul b. From whab Mrs Clark overheard she was convinced thab bhe bwo men wanted to help bhe wounded one off and leave ab once, bub He obstinately refused to move ah inch until he had ,been revenged on bhe woman. He called, .their .attention to the fact that it was a lonely neighbourhood, hot likely to te visited by any visitors before night, and bhab bhey could babber in- bhe door and se cure bheir vicbirh. When they referred to His wound as evidence of her bravery, He fiercely shouted : "D—n her, it was art ac cidental shot. She's got my revolver, bub she" won't dare fire it to saVe her life. O'eb a log and busb in bhab door." The men hunted aboub until bhey found a large linib which had been brimmed up, and bhey seized bhis and made a rush for bhe door. The woman knew just Whab bhey were preparing for, and she softly unbolted one ofthe blinds and swung it back until she could see them. One of the panes of glas3 was gone, aiid She rested bhe revolver in this opening, 'ibok deliberate aim at the man nearcsb Her, aud when she pulled bhe brigger he fell down and expired wibh scarcely a kick, having been shob through tho heart., The other immediately ran Away, bub tobk a circuit.and came back to bhe wounded man. . Then bhe cursing, raving, and storming were renewed, and the wounded man.propped himself up and emptied the contents of bhe Winehesberand his revolver into the door and window blind. Mrs Clark had warning, and she sab down on the floor in.a corner. Some of tho bullets fell inside, but she was in a safo place. When the wounded outlaw had exhausted his ammunition lie called upon his com panion to beat the dbor in with a rock lying near by, ahd threatened him wibh death if he did nob. Mrs Clark was looking oub of bhe window, and she says : " The man was thoroughly afraid of me, more so bhan his friend, ahd he refused bo obey, - saying there, had been nonsense enough, and he would now help the other Away. Ho stood looking toward the cabin as he talked; and I saw the wounded man slip a cartridge into his revolver, and raise the weapon and fire. The bulleb was meant to kill, but it did not even wound, and bhe man turned, drew his own weapon, and fired three bullets into bhe would-be assassin's body, causing his deabh in a minute or two. He did nob go near the body, but waved his hand to me as a token that I was not to be disturbed, and then gob bhe horses bogebher, sbrapped bhe rifles bo bhe saddles and rode away as hard as he could go." The woman soon lefb bhe cabin and book her way homeward, bub was meb by her husband aiid .bhre'e cabbie hunters aboub a mile away. The bhree labber pursued bhe fugitive for miles, securing bwo of bhe horses, and exchanging several shobs, bub he finally got safely away.—"New York Sun,'; __...:_—

TWICE HANGED.

How It Feels to be Swung From the

Gallows,

Theodore Baker, who was hanged at Springer, N. M., for the murder of Frank Unruh in Colfax county, wishes to be re membered as iihe one American who was hanged twice for a single crime. In con versation wibh bhe " Sun " correspondent a short bime afber he had received word from Governor Ross bhab there was no hope for him, Baker said : '' It is not bhe pain I fear ab all. I have been hanged, and I know whab I am talking aboub. Whab ails me is bhab I don'b wanb to die, and I don't think I ought to. Probably if you knew that in an instanb you were to be blown to nothingness, so bhab you would experience no suffering whatever, you would appreciate how I feel about ib. As for bhe mode of deabh, you can say ib is as good as any other, and ib don'b need bo be boo artistically done, either. Why, when bhey hanged me firsb down here by bho railroad brack I was scared half, to death. They had no modern appliances, and I made up my mind that bhey were going to give me a terrible struggle of it, bub ib was nobbing of bhe Sorb. The mob swung me off from a bele graph pole liko bhoy would a log, and then ono or bwo of bhem pulled my legs. Thab isn't so almighty nice, but still it don't hurt as you might think it would. I must have hung there ten or firtoen minubes be fore bho Sheriff and his posse found me and cub me down. Of course by bhab bime I was unconscious, bub I remembered enough of whab occurred bo banish any fear bhab I might have of death on the gallows. It's deabh in whatever form ib comes bhab I objecb to. If I liave gob bo go I had jusb as' soon go by bhe rope as by bhe buileb, and I had a good doal rather go by the rope than by bho knife or by poison. You can Say bhis much for bho information and comfort of all the poor fellows who will havo to swing whon lam gono. Tell them bo braco up and take it easy. They are going to dio easior deaths than threo-fourths of bhe fab old judges who sentence them and who expecb bo dio in bheir beds. There has been albogobhor boo much writing and balking on bhe subjecb of the barbarity of tho gallows. I'm in favour of abolishing capital punishment myself, but if a man must dio, what's the use of being too par ticular aboub bhe mode so long as you have gob a good enough scheme now ?" Baker had several warm friends here who laboured earnesbly in his bohalf, and who regard his punishment as unjustly severe. He wenb to bhe rope unflinchingly, and jusb before bhe brap was sprung, when bhe attendant shifted tho knot a little, he heard Baker say : " That's right; I havo boon in tho habit of having it a little higher up."

THE MAN WITH THE NOSE.

Close of the Career of an Eccontrlo

French Actor.

M. HYACiNTnK Duflos, popularly known as Hyacinthe of the Palais Royalo, who diod suddenly lately, was a eharacber so pro - eminenbly Parisian bhab a few particulars concerning him may prove interesting. Of him it might be truly said bhab his monumental nose was a fortune not only to himself, but to dramatic authors who wrobo for bho popular bheabre to which Hyacinbhe was abbached. Whobher the piece in which Hyacintho played was good or bad, his appearance, thanks chiefly to his nose, was a signal for loud laughter, which spread from the ranks of unsophis cated strangers to those of the _.___ habitues of the Palais Koyale.

Hyacinbhe was ono of the most eccentric persons imaginable. In private life he dressed atrociously, and walked aboub Paris in a greasy overcoat, bhe pockets of which were generally sbufied with proven der of all kinds, while a huge black felb hat, larger than that affected by Thco phile Gauties, decorabed his massive head and overshadowed his gigantic nose. He had an appotibe equal bo that of Garganbua, and, according bo bho bradibion, spenb hours over his mo_ls.• Ho died in a house ab Asniers in a manner which, considering his fasbronomical tendencies, may be called in arness, for he was engaged in calmly par taking of his evening soup when bhe sum mons came to join tho innumerable cara vans.

THE POPE AND THE POWERS.

A Rcf ro_.ee to the Religious Peace

With Prussia,

The Pope, in .an allocution yesterday, re ferred to the religious peace with Prussia, which the Pope said he had made every effort to attain. Continuing the Pope said : " Thanks to the equitable and pacific senti ments of Emperor William and his coun sellors, the Prussian Government removed the more serious inconveniences and then accepted the various practical conditions of peace by which some of the former laws against the Church havo been repealed and obhers mibigabed. Somebhing remains bo be done, bub we musb rejoice ab what we have obtained, and above all in regard to the free actions of bhe Pope in bhe governmenb of the Church in Prussia. God grant that Italy, which is peculiarly dear to us, may share the spirib of peace wibh which we are animated toward all nations. We earnestly desire that Italy should put aside lier unhappy differences with the papacy, whose dignity is violabed chiefly by bhe Conspiracy of seebs. The means of obbain ing concord would be objecbed bo by no power in bhe enjoymenh of full and real liberty, while, far from injuring Italy, ib Would powerfully conbribubc to her prosperity." . , .

THE FLOWER CORSO.

Preparations for a Great Social Event at Vienna.

The forthcoming flower corso ab Vienna promises bo be a grand affair. More bhan 12,000 carriages are announced to take part in it, without including forty which will be occupied by visitors from Hungary and contingents which are expected from Graz ling, Prague and other places. All buyers of tickets for tho fete are to have a chance ill an invisible continental lottery, and besides the hunting scenes and evolutions on horseback by a hundred costumed repre sentatives of bhe flower of Ausbrian chivalry, there is, to be a special corso of 2,000 bicy clists. An entertainment wibh all bhese de lighbs, under bhe pabronage of the Princess Metternich and Counb Nicholas Esberhazy, the Archduchess Maria Theresa and the Archduke Charles Louis, will be a great event in society circles.

A QUEER PREDICAMENT.

An Archdeacon Imprisoned In an

Organ-Plpo,

The Archdeacon of Winchester, who is a very little man, whilst showing some ladies over the cathedral a few days ago, musb needs prove bhe monsbrous size of the pipes of the organs in the course of repairs by creeping into one which lay on bhe floor. He then stuck fast in the pipe He had the key of the cathedral in his pocket, n'-- 1 ' 1 lo>:'•'••! the door, so the situation * , :-::•-,;.-;. ,-> - i the workmen 'who were ~ .in came back after dinner 7. . •-. ...nev a '» arjva»hi',ev f '-

A FRENCH GAMBLER.

From a Lender He Becomes a Player

and Insane,

Of all celebrities of the gambling world few have been more celebrated than Charles Leroux, who has just been struck down by a form of insanity which nowhere occurs with such appalling frequency as in this city of pleasure. Among bhosc whose minds ib has destroyed in late years, and to whom it has been the signal of approaching deabh, may be mentioned Andre Grille, the carica turist, and Mine. Nilsson's first husband. It is expressly termed here la folic dcs millions.

Its victims imagine themselves as rich as Croesus, and act accordingly. They write cheques for fabulous amounts and commit every kind of prodigality. They are fre quently people who have been rich and who have lost bheir reason by brooding over bhe reverses of fortune.

Such was the case of Charles Leroux. From being a waiter who was not too proud to accept a small pourboire, he became a croupier in ono of bhe gambling clubs, and while in bhis position a young gambler who has since died mad lent him '30,000 francs. Wibh bhis sum Leroux commenced business as a lender bo gamblers, which in those days—the palmiest of the empire—was a mosb lucrative one. Ten louis were lent for a quarter of an hour and eleven were re burned. Leroux lent freely, and lefb bhe question of interest to the generosity of the borrower. His system answered wonder fully, for he became the most popular of lenders. Every gambler looked noon him as his friend in need. He musb have made losses, bub his gains rendered bhem insig nificant. At tho end of a year of business Leroux, instead of ben louis, lent 500 ab a bime. He became rapidly rich, bought a magnificent hotel, had eight horses in his stable, and kept more servants than some princes. If he had remained always a money lender be would have kept his wealbh, bub bhe passion for gambling seized him, boo. The baccarab bable and bhe bourse ab length ruined him, and his misfortunes proved too much for his reason.—Fronch correspondent" Boston Transcript."

IRISH INFORMERS.

How Tbey Have Fared Abroad.

After the Phoenix Park murders and sub sequent execution of those convicted of the murder of Lord Cavendish and Mr Burke, popular feeling against the informers ran so high that they were kept in prison bo save bheir lives. Tho Governmenb casb aboub for means whereby to get rid of the incumbrances, and finally, with much socreoy and disguise, Kavanaugh, Smith, Carey and Farrefi were smuggled out of the country to various colonies. News has jusb been received of bhe informers, bhreo and a half years after the Invincible trials. Kavanaugh, the carman, has been dead for some time. He always drank hard, and after leaving Ireland went from bad to worse, and finally succumbed bo delirium bremenS. Joe Smibh, bhe man who from working for the Board of Works, making repairs to Dublin Castle, knew Mr Burke and pointed him out to tho assassins, is also dead. Ho died under much tho samo cir cumsbances as Kavanaugh. Peber Carey, a brobher of bhe noborious James Carey, who was shob by O'Donncll, has done remarkably well and is now in prosperous circumstances in one of the colonies. He Was, when in Dublin, always regarded as a sober, steady man and clever artisan. Bob Farrell, the van driver who firsb burned informer, is also doing well in andbher of tho colonies.

TWO TIGER STORIES.

An Englishman Horribly Mangled—

A Hatlvo "Killed,

The " Englishman " gives the following ac counb of bho melancholy fabo of H. A. Hughes, Assisbanb Collector, Khandesh, whi.o oub tiger-shooting : The debailed ac counts received regarding Mr Hughes's death abate bhab he and the Forest Inspector wenb oub on Sunday after a tiger six miles beyond Chonda and 40 miles from Rhosawul. The Forcsb Inspector wounded bhe tiger, which then gob away. On bhe following day bhey picked up bho bracks, and bhe tiger being known to be lying ab a particu lar spob, Mr Hughes posbed himself in a tree while some of his Bhoel guards collecbed a herd of buffaloes and drove bhem down to the spot. The beast was found, and at lasb lay in sight, lebbing bhe buffaloes come around ib. Believing the tiger to be quibe incapable of doingfhisehief, Mr Hughes gob down from the tree ahd incautiously walked up to it, when ib changed him. Mr Hughes fired and missed, and so did the' Forest In spector. The tiger then seized Mr Hughes by the right leg and "threw him down on his face and tearfully mauled him. Meanwhile the Forest Inspector or the Bheel Naik, or both of them together, fired and killed tho brute on Mr Hughes's body. Mr Hughes had in all twenty-three terrible wounds, all bites, mosb of bhem very deep. He died from exhaustion yesterday morning, and it is surmised ho would havo died from blood poisoning even if he had survived the first shock. The Amoy correspondent of the Hong kong " Daily Press" tells bhe following tiger sbory: This time the scene of disaster .3 a few miles farther away from Poh Sai, at the foot of a mountain called " Lam Thai Boo," in the Kang Bay district . A few days ago four of the villagers descrying a tiger carrying away a goat from the neigh bouring field, followed in his pursuit with arms. The tiger took refuge in a cave at the foot of the mountain, and the villagers thinking that there was no other means of egress but tho one through which lie had entered, covered it up with bhe brambles,, thorns and other wild herbage at hand. They then stationed one of their number on a rock overhanging the cave, and re turned to the village to procure additional assistance. In the meantime the brute: found some other loophole of escape from his Confinement, and, Suddenly confronting, the man on the rock, tore him to pieces and was nearly devouring him when his companions appeared on bhe scene. Ab the fourteenth shot bhe ferocious monsber was broughb down and bhe half-devoured corpse of bhe ill-sbarred villager rescued from his claws. This disbricb of Kang Bay is .in fested with tigers, and it affords a good field for the socalled hunters who wish for a bebber objecb for bheir skill bhan bhe innocent water ducks and birds of the like species. . ■ ■ ■

LUNATICS IN RUSSIA.

Alarming Statistics Concerning the Extent of Insanity.

Dn KovaIjKFFSKi, one of bhe mosb renowned of Russian physicians, professor ab bho Kharkoff University, has made known some serious facbs relative to lunacy in Russia. According to the learned professor, the number of lunatics in Russia amounts to 100,000. Only one-tenth can be accommo dated in asylums, or elsewhere obtain at tention. Dr. Kovaleffski sa.ys that the treatment of the inmates is, for the greater part, defective. Rich patients alone can obtain careful attention ; the indigent are too often ill-treated. The number of really skilful doctors in the asylums is restricted, and rational breabmenb oub of bhe question. The keepers are, for tho most part, rude men who maltreat bhe unforbunabos, if nob bribed bo kindness by relatives. The nourishment is insuificienb and of bad qualiby. Thousands of lunabics who can nob be aceommodabed in public or private asylum's, walk aboub ab largo wibhoub re ceiving bhe slighbesb care. C)ne meebs bhem everywhere on bhe roads in bhe coun try, of ben ill-used by the heartless, and then taking their revenge by setting houses op fire or mutilating children.

CROWNING THE MAY QUEEN AT KNUTSFORD.

Presence of tho Prince and Prin-

cess of Wales.

Notwithstanding the grey drizzle which prevailed, the early trains brought con siderable numbers inbo Knubsford to wit ness the departure of the Prince and Princess of Wales for Manchesber. The Prince and Princess lefb Tabbon Hall, accompanied by Lord Egerton, in a landau wibh four bays and oubriders. The weabher was by bhis bime rabher brighber, bub bhe air was still raw, and the carriage was left closed bill bhe drive through the park—some three miles in extenb-hadbeenaccomphshed,andbhegreab gate had been reached, which debouches close bo bhe libble bown of Knutsford. The people of this quaint old English place, whose sanded devices had been effaced by the feet of hundreds of sighbseers on bhe previous day, had been ab work very early in bhe morning wibh bheir funnels and sand, and one could read upon bhe highway bhe emblems and senbences of loyalby. There was no military escort ab bhis bime, bub bhe Cheshire Consbabulary were present in great force under Colonel Hamersley, who, with several of his officers, was mounted. The journey through Knuts ford the previous day had been via King-street, and the return was through Princes-street. The principal public in beresb of Tuesday was bherefore concen braced upon bhe labbcr and upon bhe pre sentation of a bouquet to bhe Princess by bhe May Queen of .Knubsford, who, wibh her courtiers and obher abbendanbs, : was seabed upon a throne raised in front of the Town Hall. The •-.loyal carriage arrived opposibo bhe Town Hall ab 10.40, and bhe cover of bhe carriage having been leb down, bhe Prince and Princess were greebed wibh mosb enthusiastic cheer ing by tho thousands assembled. The Queen of the May, Miss Mary Ellen Howarbh, who was dressed in cream satin and lace, advanced from her throne, along a crimson-carpeted approach, .to the car riage and presented bhe Princess wibh a lovely bouqueb, composed principally of bhe beautiful orchid, odonboglossum Alexandra. The Princess kindly engaged bhe child in conversabion for a few minubes. Lord Egerton bhen beckoned bo Mr Nicholls, the chairman of the May-day Festivities Committee, to come forward,and thePrinceandPrincessthenentered inbo con versabion wibh him aboub the quaint old May Day customs which have been revived in Knubsforcl for some years. During the con versation, the retinue of the May Queen were ranged round her, including six maids of honour, two pages, crown bearer, scepbre bearer, a number of miniabure beef-cabers, court clowns, and many obher characbers. Her Royal Highness readily acceded to the request that she would witness the crown ing of the May Queen, and Master Holt, tho crown bearer, then advanced and placed the crown upon the head of her mimic Majesty, amidst much cheering. The com mibbee, having 'obtained tho Prince's per mission bo add bhe bible of Royal bo bhe Knubsford May Day sporbs, bhe carriage was driven forward to bhe sbabion amidsb renewed cheering, '

A Russian Poll-Tax on Foreigners.

There is some reason to believe, judging from the tone of the " Novoe Vremga " and other leading Russian journals, that the tax on foreign residenbs in Russia, which bhese journals so sbrongly advocabe, may shortly be introduced by the Government. A report is currenb bhab this bax will be fixed ab 150 gold rubles per annum, which means aboub '255 rubles in bhe ordinary cur cency, or aboub £25. The effecb of such an iinposb would of course bo bo drive oub of the country the more skilled and indus trious artisan's of, foreign nationalities. Like tho foreign passport tax, it will act as another check to Russia's foreign commerce. If such a tax were limited to the heads of foreign nouses and agencies in Russia, bhere could be libble or no objection to it. The Eng lish principalsofsuchhouseswould, I am sure, agree in the justice of ft limited measure of th.B description ; but it is extremely short sighted to make it so sweeping in its application.—Odessa Letber in "London Daily News." -

Expensive Royal Yachts.

Here, too, are a few items regarding the royal yachbs which may prove inberesbing to the British baxpayer.. The original cosb of bhe Vicboria and Albert was aboub £130,000, and she has since had spenb on her over £300,000. The Osborne's original cosb was aboub £106,000, and she has had aboub £112,000 expended on her. .The Alberta's original cosb was £27,000, with a subsequonb expenditure of £68,000. The Elfin's original cosb was £6,000, the subse quenb expendibure being over £40,000. Besides these inberesbing ibems the annual pay of the officers and crew's of the royal yachbs is close upon £50,000.—" London Trubh." . ~..,- ... , ~...

Bored by Ants.

The most dreaded insect invader is the white ant. In Africa their houses are dome-shaped moluids, often eighteen feeb high. These insects erect pyramids 1,000 times higher than themselves. The ants on their travels so conceal their approach that their presence is not suspected until the. damage is clone. They usually tunnel into any o.ject which they! attack, often reduc ing it to a mere shell. In this way they have been known to ascend within the leg of a table, devour the contents of a box upon ib, and descend bhr6ugh a tunnel bored in. anobher leg, all in one nighb. Ah officer, of. bhe English ! army, while calling upon some ladies in Ceylon, was startled by a rumbling sound. The ladies started wibh affirighb,, and the next instant; they stood with only the sky above them . the roof had fallen in and lay all about, leaving them miraculously unharmed. The ants had made their way up through the beams, hollowing them out until a great part of the framework of the house was ready to fall at the slightest shook.— "Sb. Nicholas.".

A HAPPY THOUGHT.

Henry Irving to Play for London's

Poor Children,

Henry Irving has hib on the happiest possible method of celebrating the- jubilee. On the forenoon of July 21st he .will bhrow open his theatre to as many children of the ragged people of London as can be squeezed irtto it, and he will perform for their benefit " The Merchant of Venice." The choice of the play is not bhe leasb happy part of bhe scheme. Bobh bhe plob and underplob of "Tho Merchanb of Venice" go straight home to the comprehension and sympathy of childhood.

Nihilism and Love.

A romantic issue bo a recenb Nihilist trial is reported from Moscow. The accused was a medical sbudenb who had been detected while attempting to conceal explosives in a private house. The owner's daughter had to appear as witness, against him ab the trial and upon her testimony he was sentenced bo bwenby years' hard labour in . the Siberian mines. Immediately after bhe proceedings were over bhe girl pawned bhe family jewels, bribed six Cossacks who.had charge of the condemned man, and helped hini.bo escape.3 She accompanied him bo Swibzerlandwibh: the intention of retiring, into a .conyenbj, but she changed her mind on the way. They have just been maj_ried,._. .'.'

LADIES' GOSSIP.

NO DRESS REFORM.

Herbick deprecated dress reform 250 years ago in the following pretty verses :—

A sweet disorder in the drcs» Kindles in clothes a wantonness; A lawn ahout the shoulders throws

Into a fin c distraction; An erring lace, which here and there Enthrals the crinison stomacher; A cuff neglectful, and thereby Kibbons to flow confusedly; A winning wave, deserving note. In the tempestuous petticoat; A careless shoestring, in whose tie I see a wild civility; Do more bewitch me than when art Is too precise in every part.

The sbronsresb kind of a hint— A lady asking a gentleman to see if one of her rings will go on his libble finger.

The Sultan of Morocco has one thousand wives. Ib is well bhere is one man in the world who has made sure of having, his butbons sewed on.

A woman always carries her purse m her h?nd so thab obher women will see ib; a. man carries his in his inside pocket so that his wife won't see it.

" The loss of my husband has completely unnerved me," said a lady to a neighbour, who has been recently afflicted herself. " Yes, dear, and the loss of my husband completely unmanned me."

A Practical Wooing.—He was practical, and had been making love on thab basis. She was so little thab way herself. "Can you cook ?" he inquired, " Can you supply everybhing bo be cooked ?" she replied. Ib was a match.

Fond Mother: Well, Bessie, now thai) you have seen your Cousin Walter, whab do you think of him ? Did he leave a pleasant impression. Bessie: Oh, yes, mamma, he kissed me.

German Countess: "Baron, will you give me a phobograph of yourself ?" Baron: "Certainly, madame; you flatter me'by asking for it." Countess, afber bhe baron's departure, bo her waiting-maid: "Here, Claire, pub bhis picbure in your album, where you can study the features closely. When bhe original of ib calls, bell him I am out."

" Does your wife ever pay you any com pliments ?" asked Frederick Jimson of his friend Benderly. " Never," replied Ben derly. " Well, mine does. She flatters me." "Often?" " Oh, yes, frequently; particularly in winter," replied Frederick. "Why does she flatter you so much in winter?" "Whenever the coal fire needs replenishing, she points to the fireplace and says, 'Frederick, the grabe.' See it?"

Niece (showing the wedding presents to Uncle George): "I want you to see them all, dear Uncle George, so bhab you won't send a duplicabe ; duplicabe wedding pre senbs are so,annoying, you know." Uncle George: " H'm - whab's bhis?" Niece: " Thab's papa's cheque for £100. Isn't ib lovely ?" Uncle George : " Very. I intended to send the same thing, but rather than annoy you with a duplicate present I'll jusb make ib £50."

THE WEDDING MARKET.

At a recent dinner of the friends of some " amalgamated benefit associations "a wib descanted on this subject, and gave the following as the "report" of the present stabe of bhe wedding market: Spinsters : Light articles nob in demand. richer sorts much inquried after; berms generally prompb. This resbriebs bhe market. Mediums, well-made and carefully got up are .steadily ;on the advance. Widows rule firm and, if substantial, are occasionally __»• quired after. Bachelors : All sort's of goods' find a ready markob. In tho'finer class, swells have nearly disappeared and a mot serviceable article is now offered. Here, too, mediums are mosb soughb afber, the texture is finer and more serviceable than heretofore. Flimsy and unwarranted goods are flat. Old maids and old bachelors: Quantities of previous years' goods encum ber the warehouses, and are not quoted; If sought after by speculators for export, no doubt articles may be found at easy prices. . '• ■■ - _

AN AERIAL CONTEST.

Desperate Encounter Between _. Chicken Hawk and Sparrows.

A representative of bhe " Banner " was a wibness to a mosb extraordinary mid-air battie bebween a large-sized chicken hawk and a score of English sparrows recently. While walking along Gambier-stfeeb, in fronb of bhe residence of Mr C. C. Cooper, ■bhe reporter had his abbenbion abbracbed by an unusual commotion among bhe sparrows, who were massed in bhe top of a pine tree. Suddenly a chicken hawk spread its wings and rose from tho ground. As it did so bha combative sparrows made a general abtack upon bhe despoiler of poultry-yards, anii so fierce was bhe onslaught thab bhe bird of j prey was beaben to the earth, leaving the air filled with flying feathers. The screech ing of the hawk and the wild twittering of the sparrows added to the excitement of the contest. A second time the hawk es sayed to escape, but again was attacked and driven back. At this moment the hawk appeared to have its attention at tracted to the presence of the newspaper man, and made a bold dash for liberty.. It rose about four feet in the air and flew toward the residence of Mrs W. B. Russell, hotly pursued by the sparrows.. In a second there was a crash of glass and a commotion followed in the room where Mrs Russell Was ab dinhe'r. Both the ladies were some what frightened by the breaking of the window-pane and sudden advent of the huge bird, which fluttered across the room and sank to the floor beneath a chair. The re porter, by this time thoroughly interested in tho episode, made his appearance at the door, arid being admitted, captured the bird of prey. His sympathies being with the naturalised representatives of the feathered bribe, he deliberabely, and wibh malice aforebhoughb, seized the hawk, and going inbo bhe yard, wrung ibs neck from bhe body, and bhus rendered it hors da combat. ' _■■•*, , J

The birds seemed to ra_l-.e __.4ti-_.--_v for one cock-sparrow, bolder than the rest, alighted Upon the ground, cautiously hopping about the dead hawk, ahd after pecking it with his bill, flew off to join its companions, and no doubt a jubilee was held in honour of the vanquishing of their foe. 7 7" ■ •.' . - "■''''

A subsequent examination of the hawk showed that it was a cripple, the right leg having been broken midway between the joint ahd the talon. The wound was an old one, the dismembered portion hanging by a dried tendon. The probabilities are that his hawk-hip had been caught in a steel trap while encroaching, upon &. barnyard.

Cheap Marriage.

In the-year 1867 two persons le.t Dalkeibh; for Galashiels, and, not having the requi site funds bo geb married by a minister they each took a handful of meal and knelft down', facing each obher^ basin eal^%e h,B__SB& Sed'itS StfStiiey■»™»ld.W misea ii., vi uy . s t y.em part." ..After. SoV er .till .«^^sble bheybobb. swearing to man and, m U^Stemds.:r>bUrhed;to D*!-. the marriage' # *I^:|^B legal. .... ' :- ~~J

THE AUCKLAND EVENING- STAK, SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1887.

3