Farming Difficulties in New Zealand.

AStib-Ca agricultural journal publishes _ ..tract ho the letter of a recent settler in New Zealand to a friend in Edinburgh, which we reproduce below ; te although with regard to one or two points,with reference to the question of wholesale and retail prices, his remarks are somewhat misleading, on the whole tho witerpoints out a good many matters which urgently call for the attention of reforming epirits in the interests of the agricultural -d pastoral development of this line tti-try. He says :—

HOW FARM PRODUCE IS MARKETED. In the Cape Colony when a, Dutch farmer *in„ tb come to town with produce, lie iisj-iishi. oxen and sets out. His journey My take seveial days ; but as he carries liis.food with him and sleeps in his M-a"gon, while His oxen feed in the veld, lie is noihiiig out of pocket. Here it is quite different, for many miles around the town of Auckland the roads are fenced, and it wrald be impossible for oxen to find their food by the Wayside as they do in tlie Cape, «• that the only way open to the producer * ; the railway or the steamer, as the case %oe. He has to consign his produce to teffle in the city, for if he were to JtofliD himself his fare—and railway fares here are pretty stiff—would eat up all his Profits. In the Cape tlie farmer, except in *?Hec_Beß, comes in direct communication $b the consumer on the morning market. as I have said, his produce is con ped to some city agent. It is taken to |Wale-foom and put up in a lump, and is Mocked down to ?ome wholesale buyer for *,»iere trifle. This is bad enough, but %cis more to follow. The agent now "likes oiit his bill of charges, and, after the Amission, storage, etc., etc., have been jp the farmer thinks himself fortunate if £ gels a few shillings for what, had he No able to bring it into the market him P, would have brought him Beveral pounds, fa RAILWAY KATES. Riihvay charges are excessive, and the Way is grossly mismanaged. I read who Bent a quantity of apples m the market. They were scld, and all ° e .g?tforhis trouble was a bill for eom _s°n.amounting B to 17s. He would have If * ■ and ha 3 his apples for his own m mU not sent them to town. IHB UNFORTUNATE MIDDLEMAN. Undoubtedly prices are very low, but if got what consumers have to W they would be perfectly satisfied. It "wemiddleman who comes in and eats up The middleman is a great "War-in m _ ny countries, and I think mT movo tlian in New Zealand. He " oa the tax collectors keep the fanner's Jf;° n grindstone. He docs not cure »Mi the farmer gets a fair return or not, 2___i.*_» his produce, as I have said, in c„! c qoantities. Walking down Sf n ?iJ eot in Auckland the otuer day I mm th. following advertisement at the «™ ° { a salesman :—'For sale 2 toils of JiP_ch.e'.e. i A quantity like this Jr not be expected to fetch such a high Q* a .email lot, and it would bo less i - n al Perhaps 2d per lb., if not WfflW. fanc y firsfc class cheese going ■£fW.per lb. When retailed the same m \ Woald fetch perhaps 5d per lb. Ml V__ Bee tbe I,etail dealer £ ets _n I T' wllile the auctioneer, the CgiA ndthe railway take a big sliced J__F lch ou S ht to go to the farmer. C 6u n °, e i Xa Sg era ted case, and if I had ttefn ould mention scores of cases where got ™rhad to pay away more than he '»ftk ti± m t0 me thafc the editor of one heal I K Uatld P a P ei ' s hifc the nail on the &m t he Sa ' :fl tliafc the remedy lay iSWmere themselves, and that they Wm % m - ucu »nprove their condition '¥i_Wß i .» 6d to P ub down this army of <lS Ue,r 'g middlemen who fatteb on w «80ut 8 . I know of a cheese factory

which gives farmers the magnificent sum of 3d per gallon for their milk. There is a freezing company in Auckland which buys •ip the farmers' butter, freezes it, arid retails it. They give about 4d per lb., and 'lave been known to give as little as 3_(l, A'liile they seldom sell it. for less than Is. Thiis about, 3kl goes to the farmer and B_d to tho middlemen. Yet what can the armers do in tho present state of affairs ? They to band themselves together as tho Hutch with the Afrikander Bond did at the Cape, but for a better object, viz., reform in railway management and in the management of affairs generally.

Machinery in the United States.

The French Consul-General (M. Lefaivrc) in New York has been supplying his Gover nment with some interesting statistics in re ference to the development of the manufac ture of agricultural implements and ma chinery in tho United States. It appears that in 1850 thero were only i,333 establish ments, employing 7,220 workmen, which manufactured machinery to the value of £1,368,522, whereas in 1880 the number of manufactories had risen to 1,943 and bf workmen to 40,180, while the value of the tho machinery made had risen to £13,724,097. The State of Ohio comes first hi the list as the value of the machinery manufactured there in 1880 was upwards of £3,000,000, Illinois coming second with a total of £2,600,000, and New York third with a total of £2,000,000. The other states which manufacture the most, machinery are — Indiana (£8S0,000), and Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan (about £600,000 each). The value of the materials employed is given as £3,600,000 for the iron and steel, £1,120,000 for wood, and £1,540,000 for other material?. M. Lefaivre adds the following tablo to show what were the principal implements manufactured:— Description of Description of Implements. No. Implements. No. Rakes .. 3.704,700 Reaping _nd HnPR ' 3,532,000 mowing mach'n _ 54,900 ihnvpls" and Do.. Indian corn 44,300 & spades 2,545,700 Corn drills .. 43 200 Hay forks . • 2,480,700 Other drills .. £ 700 lfe s :: _»BWt£E hnß §g |&! s awssßafflP-aB Harrows • 127,000 Cider and wine "ft C ° m 68,600 sKrusb-rs:: win no win a Separators .. 0,000 S-lhinesTcorl 59.100 Sugar mill .. 2.355

WELLS'S HAIR BALSAM.

Tf _rev, restores to original colour. An i t a!•/>--tip- softens and beautihes. No £_*__. we-s£"'A Tonio Restorative. Stons ha-r comnflout; strengthens, cleanses, heals sca'P. , - ■ i

Smith and Caugbey can turn out in 12 hours, a stylishly-made suit of Onehunga An-ed for 59s 6d ; trousers for 21*. Perfect Snnd finish guaranteed. Splendid ally o'new samples. Hoys' ami youths cloth- S « made to measure. Immense stock of _dy made clothing and gents' mercery at S and C.'s well known low cash prices. __[Advt.J

THE AUCKLAND EVENING STAB V MONDAY* Dl&lMHa It, Wfo

7



E. PORTER AND CO., QUEEN AND HIGH STEEETS, MESSRS. E. PORTER AND CO. wish to draw attention to their large shipments to arrive, whieh i added to their already extensive stock of Hardware, they are in a position to execute any orders placed with them, and at the very LOWEST PRICES. just landed per Zealandia Now landing per s.s. Balcarres Brook from London. To arrive per Ada Stott from To arrive per Canterbury from To arrive per Deutschlarld from < from London. coo casksPortlandcement lease Spring Balances, Water New York via Lyttelton. London now due New York, via Wellington* 20 tons Fencing Wire Gauges, Steam Gauges, etc. . liOnaoil, HOW UUG. nQW 2io Camp Ovens and Covers * tons Galvanized Fencing Wire 1 cask Box Irons 500 cases Aurora Kerosene, 130° test 66 Three-legged Pots *WU feet Gal vanned lubes 1 cas k Dumbbells 500 em Coronet Ke 160 . tesfc 3 0 cases Corrugated Iron im cages Coronet Kerosene, 150' test. 1 case Plated Ware »wu ieet jsiacjc lubes 1 cask Plugged Weights . 18 Portdownie Sef Setting Ranges ' wtfh fanret nozzles ;• _ . case Leather Belting 2 casks Tube Fittings 1 cask Pris 5 0 5 n Locks ° fcucefc nozzles 13 R ° "'*' ■ nm t Tomb Pillars 100 coils Galvanized Barb Wire 1 cask Powder Flask,:, Shot Pouches 2 cases Axe Handles 60 Eo^ster Sto | es j «"■ P ! 1 case Wood Taps, Wood Spoons, etc. bundles Black Hoop Iron . and Belts 2 cases Pick Handles 1 cask Bricks for Ranges ,J ££ Lantern 7(l S 140 bars Yellow Metal 30 bundles.Galvanized Hoop Iron . 1 cask Box and Till Locks 3 cases Rammer Handle. 10 cases Scythe Stones \££ cfder Mil ;25 bars Copper 100 dum case Tuck's Engine Packing 2 B _ oom 1 case Cane Blinds JLi Hey Butter Workers 1 case Brass Cup Hooks, Scrow Rings, ou arums _3oitea Lmseea UU 1 case Glass Paper ahd Emery Cloth 1 bale Pump Leather 2 cases Incandescent Lamp., WkkSj Butts, etc., etc. 6 casks Linseed Oil 1 case Furniture Polish and Flour 1 case Relucent 6 casks Milk Pans IdcJimm" -MW> 12 casks Horse Shoes Emery 24 Novelty Wringers U0 kegs Genuine White Lead 2 cases Lple and Peach Par©r_ .j" £ asks Pate nt Shot 1 case Knife Polish 2 cases Claw Hammers 4 cases Enamelled Jaw Boxes 9 cases Ames* LH • Shovels on Till n6 i m , I ase ?,T S^ ck , an ,l ße^ n Black 1 case Lamp Reflectors 1 case Screw Augers and Brace Bits J Calcium Burners _,_,_. 2 9 arums Colza Oil 16 Cast Steel Truck Wheels 0 n \ w . 1 case Grubbing Adzes t ~!: m' it ViTn( . rv Wheels JuSt landed per Margaret « drums Olive Oil 2. Cast Steel Spur Wheels 2 cases ach Wre " cl f 1 case Slasher/ \ es W_Jn Sote t _ „_ 5 drums Rangoon Oil 4 Oak Diaphragm Churns 9 case. Champion Scales 24 Axle Arms 30 cases Shares I_S Galbraith from GlaSgOW. 10 |? ca ? es Corrugated Iron 1 case Gauge Glasses 6 cases Enterprise Meat Choppers 80 ingots Tin _g cases sharp's Boys' Axes ? k°i IS w ?°t P ? 9 ingots Patent Bronze 18 cases Glass Fruit Jars 2 casks Butt Hinges 12 cases Axe Pattern Hat-hefeS 2225 bars Iron j ™ le J qi .. f t J case Italian Whisk Carpet Brooms 40 boxes Putman Horse Nails 1 case Wood Screws and Cotter Pins l case Broad Axes 270 bundles Iron "c es G£va nized Flat Sheet Iron 1 case Fittings for Thrashing Machine c . Hardware 6 kegs Snap Head Rivets, 5 cases Lanip. (new desig^ t bundles Sheet Iron _ bal f s Chalk Packing 3 cases Gun Caps - cases Oarr age Hardware 2 caskß T<je H . F *-/ 0 bales Oakum *° casks Mm on s Tiles 1 case Gun Wads 1 case Oil Stones _ cask R afc and Eabbit Traps g caseg £ Fork h,^ 1 case Marble 1 case Cartridge Cases 2 cases Scythe Handles 1 bundle Mushet's Steel 2 cases Rake Handles 3 cases Simplex Silent Sausage 1 case Cartridges 6 caßoß Bash Hooks 1 bundle Copper Tubes j cage HoQ Handles or, w ,?r 7p itv ■ a, i case Nail Pullers, Cutting Plyers, 3 caßea Water Closet Paper * C T^ a !„ 1$ Trnfik * « Beeffe Butter Workers 25 kegs Pencil Point Fencing Staples Punches _ _. ■ n r 71 coils Manilla Rope iqs«rV'lWk«i Now landing per Waikato f. **> at* sw* »-p_- r . } _•}• ™j."»- . ** 2__%j£Z J -«Cm_rfe___. 20 kegs Galvanized Steel Fencing 1 bale Netting Twines 1 case Safety Razors 1 bale Rubber' Hose from London. , Staples 5 bundles Gum Spear Steel 1 case Enamelled Letters _ Wood Screws 1 case Asbestos Millboard 39 bundles Black s Spades BO cases Tiirpentine ' Just landed VQV S.S. MarlpOSa _~„__ - 1 case Brass and Bronzed Door Fur- 1 case Gum Adzes, Furze Hooks, •, 0 _„__ t»i ft ,._.: mr r r - ■«—**■ ■40 cases Curtis & Harvey's Sporting mture Hoes, etc., etc. i- cesee Jjiacicmg from San FranciSCO. ' ,„ « ___^ Powder 4 i >a i es Brown Paper 1 case Pit and Cross-cut Saws l case P-dlocks AlUi " a p er giS< ManapOlld from Sfdti^ $ bales Paper Hangings 12 Mangling Machines 78 Cylinder Churns 5 bottles Quicksilver {j cases Carbons for Electric Light 5 cases Defries' Lamps 1 case Johnston Harvester Fittings 1 package Wind Mill Fittings 100 cases Caster Oil E. PORTER AND CO., FU_E-,lsriS_E3:Z__>rC3- _A.__T:D I__R,o_r_T_M:o_lSrO-__i3__R/S Queen and High Streets, Auckland, also at Newton, Newmarket, and Symonds Street.



Booksellers, &c. /pHAMPTALOUP AND COOPER'S list of Works ON CATTLE, SHEEP, ft FARM STOCK s.d Ablett,W.lT.—Stock keeping for Amateurs 6 0 Armatage, o.—Every Man His Own Cattle Doctor 24 0 Armatagc, G. — Cattle Management in Health and Disease .. 19 Armatage. 0. — Sheep Management in Health anil Disease 19 Armstrong—Australian Sheep Husbandry 6 0 Arnold, S. B. — American Dairying, or Butter and Chco.-o Making 7 6 Cobbold, T. P. - Internal Parasites of Domestic Animals 6 0 Guenon on Milch Cows 6 0 Hazard, W. P.—How to Select Cowa ..16 Heatlcy, G.-Handy Medical Treatise on tho Ox and Cow ' r > 0 Long, J.—British Dairy. Farming .. .. 10 0 Macdoitald. J.— Beef Production and Ex portation of Dead Meal from America to Great Britain 10 Miles, M.—Stock Brooding (American) ..8 6 MeCombie—Cattle and Cattle Breeders .. 1 0 Pringlo—The Live Stock of tlie Farm ..8 6 Randall, 11. S.—The Practical Shepherd ..11 6 Randall—Fibe Wood Sheep Husbandry .. <> 0 Scott, C—Practice of Sheep Farming .. 6 C Walker—Manual on the Cow and C*lf ..'l9 Walker—Manual on the Sheep and Lamb 1 9 Youatt—Sheep, their Breeds, Mangmt, etc. 8 6 Youatt— Cattle, their Breeds, Mahghit, etc. 8 6 76, QUEEN-STREET, AUCKLAND. E m O V A L. JX. W. E. HEARS, BOOKSELLER, STATIONER, AND MUSIC (_i.LLi.Ii, 19S, QITKKN-STKEET, AUCKLAXD, Wishes to inform his customers and the public that he has REMOVE D TO NEW & MORE COMMODIOUS PREMISES, Five doors below Wellesley-street, and Opposite W. McArthur k, Co.'s Warehouse, Where he will be glad to see all bis old cus tomers and as many new ones as will.favour him with a call. A CHOICE STOCK OF BOOKS. MUSIC, AND STATIONERY KEPT. BOOKS, MUSIc 7 STATIONERY. Please Remember New Address 216, QUEEN-STREET, Five doors below Wellesley-street. W. E. ~M EAR S, BOOKSELLER, STATIONER, AND MUSIC- Si-iliLiJ-iXia Architects. p. TIEBAFATII, F.U.1.8.A.] Is. M. lIEItAPATIt T> HERAPATH axi> SON, -»L • ARCHITECTS. Colon ia i. Bank Bm_.nr.VGs. _ ITTd r W A 'liD BASTL EV , architect, etichbuky's buildings, queen-street. TmDWAKD~MAHON£y AND SON, ARCHITE Ti QUEEN-STREET. AUCKLAND r v7~: f7~mT~!b~u~rr ow s, ARCHITECT AND BUILDING SURVEYOR. 317. Victoria Akcade. :errin gto n, M. Inst, C.E., M. Inst. M.E., CONSULTING ENGINEER, AUCKLAND. __j___i____pjii w-iiwi I I m.m^amm—ntm-miii-iimmmSkm--^mA--wmmm^~mmwm^m- ONE of the Seven Wonders is that you can get a Pair of Trousers from J. H. 1 alton fo__l____ii»g- , rOTATO MAlsfTJßE.—Freezing Co.'s, £810 a, of all merchant-.



Public Ifotieeg. BRETT'S A UCKLAND ALMANAC, 18 88, IS NOW PUBLISHED, and may be had afc the Stationers or Stab Office. PRIOE ONE SHILLING. The Book contains a vast quantity of specially useful and varied ii-formatioiij as subjoined list of subjects indicates :— Acclimatization Matamata Estate Administrative Departments Measurement of an Acre Agriculture. Progress of Practitioners Agricultural Statistics, Counties , Members of Parliament Agricultural Statistics of New Zealand Memoranda for 12 Months Arrival.and Departure of Mails Me'rcantild Jristrtutiofts Art Gallery and Free Library Meteorological Observations Astronomical Phenomena Ministry. Members of n , AI-ft-Wili Auckland, City of Money Orders, P.O. and Telegraph Auckland, Provincial District of Moon, Phases of Auckland Harbour Signals Mortgages Birthplaces of Colonists Morrinsville Breweries. Statistics of M Mo u lt Tarawera Calendar, Monthly Muslo, Art. and the Drama Calliope Dock North Auckland Penman la Cape Colville Peninsula Occupation of tlie People Charitable Institutions Official Directory Cheese and Butter Factories Onehunga and Suburbs CitY imd Suburban Governments Orangolnstituhons City Wards. Valuation of Parcel Post, Inland Climate of New Zealand Patetere Country Coal-Mining Statistics Payers of Property Tax Commercial. Men, Statistics of Personal Property Commerci.il Societies Piako District Conjugal Condition of Colonists Pink Cauldron Country South of Auckland Places oE Worship, .Statistics Courts and Judicial Directory Police lorcoand Criminal Class • Criminal Classes Population of Australasia, 188. Crops, Average Yield of Population of Now Zealand Crown Lands Alienated, Australia, 1885 Population of Auckland Crown Lands of Auckland Postal Returns ot Australasia Customs Revenue Postage Rates Customs Tariff Post O ffi co Information Defence of the Colony Post Office Receiving Boxes Direct Service Mail Time Table Produce, etc.. Prices of Distances at Sea, Table of Protestant Alliance ~. wi-- Dividends paid by Thames Mines Principal Articles of Calendar .....„,. Drowned, How to Treat Apparently Proportionate Public Revenue of Australa fliMifrW Directory. etc sia. 1885 .. . . Eastern Inland Kout. Proportionate Public Expenditure of Au_. lauSnalM-tIT PubneTvenno of Australasia , Employment of Females. Statistics Public Expenditurei 011 Australasia English Mail Time Table Public Debt of Australasia. 188b Farm and Garden Calendar for 12 Months Public Libraries, Statistics of Farm Homesteads on Perpetual Leaso Raglan District Financial Condition of the Colony Railway Statistics Fire Alarms Ready Reckoner Flax Mills, Statistics of Re_haJWt.es Friendly Societies' Statistics Religious Denominations Game Season Revenue nnd Expenditure General Government, The Rotornn. to Rotomahana Gold-Mining Statistics Rot orua to Uairakei Good Templars, md. Order Rotomahana Chasm Good Tciuplars, N.Z. Order Seasons of tho Year • Government Departments at Wellington San Francisco Routei Mali Lima iablo «„ itl Mills Settlements South of Auokion.l (!""•Collo-tlon Settlements North of Auckland II AC B.S. Directory Sheep Statistics High Water Tab.; North Island Shipping Statistics High Water Table, South Island Shipping of Australasia. 1885 Hosnita. South of Auckland, Country Household Expenses for 12 Months Sporte Directory House of Representatives, Members of Statistical Summary ol in.-,. How the Land is Held Suburbs of Auckland Immigration Suburban anci City Government Imm'i gra tion and Emigration in Australasia, '85 Tariff, Customs Immigration Regulations Thames valley Imports and Exports of Australasia, 1885 Thames \ alley Railway Imports and Exports Total Abstinence Societies Independent Order Oddfellows Trade Societias Industries of the Colony Union S.S. Ca> Fares Insurance Companies University Regulations Justices of the Peace. List of Vncciuatjpn _ L_k. Taupo Tillage Settlements Statistics Land Lavs of the Colony Village Homesteads on Perpetual Lease Land Settlement Vital Statistics Legislative Council, Members Of „r ol , nnt £ orß -t- n Letter Pillar Boxes Wai-o- I'apu \ alloy Lcttc -carriers' Delivery W* kato Uiatrlct Literary, Scientillc and Political Sooieties Waikato Load Aseoolatlon Liv. Stock Statistics \Va pa District Lloyds' Agents Waiw.ra Locnl Directory vYhakatane T iihacv Statistics White Terrace MaSai toWaiapu ' Wonderland of New Zealand Masonic Directory Woollen Factories, Statistics of All O-dera ._*?#«d.d to Stfae Office will he jH-mgtly &xe_-ted,



~". _ i fj. GROOM. j. BOTCHER.] LJ WE HAVE FOR SALE:- Itodand Bar Iron, Wire Nails Fencing Uarb Wire, Hoofing Iron Hash Woißhts, Buckets. Tubs Springs and Patent Axle. r-rnrsp and Fine rialt . •ffi nominal Portable, .Engine, by Wallisand Stcevens, with duplicate H oir& H & r lSiffom3tos I,p.,with reversing gear. GROOM, BUTCHER, & Co., FORT-STBE-T. '__„_. HONE 211.1 __ jy Suit, call my



Public Notices i ■ ■ —i !V> ;•■. ] •■" ::■■ _■■■" ■•■ x ° # ■■;. © A ° A*? & The well-known Gheap Oash Draper QUEfcN STREET, OPPOSITE BANK OP NEW' ZEAL ANT©; Having purchased J; Gilmour*s £-5,600 Stock; of Drapery and Clothing 150 per cent. unde_*. Wholesale Cost, is now holding a TERMS CASH, NO RESERVE. N.B»~As the premises in Newton are comparatively: small, and the Stock very I have decided to' place £2,000 worth of it in ray Queen Street premises where there is ample room and every aeocirnmodati'on or public inspection, so that the Sale will.be carried on in both places, and thus accommodate everybody^ By Order Cheap Cash Draper, opposite Bank of New Zealand,- P ty v ty _>•> 4? 0 © M