THE WAR IN THE SOUDAN.

Si** 11' CAMPAIGN.

„ P T OUB 1.0N..0N' COBRMKW.

LoXIMW, March ti,

W> I*°1 *° A tho subsequent doing! of i^ lllandmost interesting account i;t>B:t -ok, «n,l filled eight lon K i^o the famous daily. The enter ■ ,;a»B!Olt , mt of tho "Chronicle," fil^; «eVa with nil tolo i^^'LTnl'O mailed his paper a <l>l?t!& JotoilH, and tho " Stan f^J^l behindhand. After l**iS?thiongh a" tliUmiiss of ror -I^, I bo\; r " el j Budget, which never ■ySSK^Jtit.^ of intent. ■?£chat with poor TT' ♦ m nf tho night boforo tho notion .it . Il^tr pick^ aud Reutrio*. who -J^'t^doutsidotho square or zereba, #*Sfdn«n in*" seventy-Qvo yards H^ a |L» As tho moonless hours gl^'JiHiemV increased their lire, and J'**,»s r their battlodruma and H^tfftimrf wore srood enough not to ■*?. tc» much "tom-toming, wind, ■If- dall discordant noises successful in '■•I'^Cand worrying n sensitive ear. If l^. deserve future pumshmont, and ;;|°^re it, then it surely is tho constant J^o before battle of a full or «*Srf "one-ended drums," such as tho H*??. farce possessed. Tho savage ■^'-Xd welled all through the attorning" fitting accompaniment to ISof their bullets. Our crack shot. 'M nermltted to reply occasionally to Uio m ifire whenever it became too inquisi ffll'«archine. Evidently wo wore in for l^Lfortable time, an<l tho officera SUaioined to see that their men were at 9^wt9 with bayonets fixed, ready to WZ,to their feet on tho nrat alarm. \\ ith IS O vereoatß ou and thoir blankets WLi round them, tho men lay down ■ ieWM the low walls and lino of |l w jth their hoads to the front. AH Ktatm put out after dark, and talking ■Jiaaoking even were forbidden. A atill a« broken only by the whizz, ping, or ■y of the enemy'a lead hung over the ■La awn the tired camels grunting far ■g to customary. During the earlier Hjttf the ni»ht I had a long chat with 'Iv-'ael Fred Burnaby, who expressed his abt at having arrived in time for tho Sg battle. He had been appointed, ho dby General Stewart to tho command ifeleft race and rear of the square, and jlJemorrow would be virtually di?chnrg »(l»dnties of a brigadier-general, lie 3«t to that stage of life, ho continued, in At two things that Interested him jitrsre war and politics; and, whether )ns"Slating" an unworthy politician Ilifho'iig against his country's fee?, ho jitsed himfclf equally exhilarated and toy, Much njore ho confided to me, but jWtime nor the occasion now avail for of thac chat, destined to he ji"hat words" of a noble and fearless jß'iman. The Arab Charge, itSlso a.en., just as the front of the rut bid crossed a narrow depression and lisrfiia top of tho little crest on the jtasea'de, we saw a force of 4,000 to jJSiSflie onomy echeloned in two linea »a left, or opposite the sido of the EUBJintaiued by part of the mounted iiiSjicd the heavy cavalry regiments. Jejise four hundred, or perhaps five tahljtrds distant, and looked like gaga, DenT ishp3 on horsoback and on irtM&»Hed them, standing a fow paced ktaUthe fanatic host. With flutter- Bjoiteners, cliimour of "tom-toms," isijMsga of "Allah," they began to HMi«rdß our square. At first they fueifly, not quicker than a fast walk. Oaftnijberfl' fire appeared to have little r infect upon them, and tho whole dltooftho square, which now halted ;-.;n the high ground, turnocl their sa ipoii the Arabs, with, however, it much better results. Very few (tailahdi'e force fell, their linea wero uralymirred, and tho miscarriago of our till must have inspired thorn with tho kjsthak Mahomed Ahmed had at last faiapon them charmed lives. They: mma within threo hundred and fifty i p* of tho sqonro, and now thoy com laudtorun towards us, coming over the i% pound like a vast wavo of black it At first their direction was towards ••leftface front corner of tho square, but nieycame nearer the great mass of them wigxrand 80 as to strike tho roar corner dwleftface. The ukiriniahcrs along our Hlameranning home nt fell speed towards SKqaare, closely pressed by a fringo of Uwdthirsty Sondanese. At tin." moment toOwdner gun, under Lord Charles Word's superintendence, was moved jilteleft face rear corner, to bo brought "Inaction. During tho advance it had I*o fired occas:onally at groups of to enemy, and performed good sen ice ideating them off some strong positions ffoo dominating ridges. When it was w most wanted, before throe rounds *1 been fired the cartridges stuck, «i the weapon was rendered temporarily «ta, an accident to which, Lord Charles forwards declared, all machine- guns with ;«t«yfeed motion are perpetually liable. Ml down upon ua tho dark Arab wavo "W. It had arrived within 300 yards ■xt undhninished in volume, unbrokon 'itttngth, It was a rush of spearemen •dwordsmen, scarcely any carrying guns. Mr rifle fire had practically ceased ; and «otier Arab forces surrounding vs — <w> troops, plundering Bedouins, and yg villagers from tho riverside—all W eager on the hill sides watching tho '•JReupon the British square. In wild ttfeent, their white teeth glistening, and "jteenof their brandished weapons flash- Kole thousands of mirrors, onward they j fsagaißstus. By twos and threes our '"'•iuarshad now reached our linea, and, *Wtf«ee being nearly clear, a volley was »t into the enemy at 150 yards as they "over the last crest between our Wbg linea. A hundred or more «a dropped, and for a moment •W their force waver and halt, a3 ■» Btops to gasp for breath or at any wen Burprise. Had that volley beon «)y repeated, there would have been «Bmore of the battle of Abu Klea to tell "*pt the rout and slaughter of the •Mil troops, for Mahdi's troops they fM"d not mere villagers or swarming 'oanen arrayed against us, But, some *j lie firing that followed from our J™ was dropping, irregular, acatteriHsr, Mii without risible effect; and tho Arabs, ("Md barely checked their run, leaped tt theu- falling brethren, nnd came "•ffng attaight into our ranks.

HOW BURNABY DIED.

1« tfßßporate Fight With Two Arab Sheikhs.

•»as afc that instant inside tho square, ■"•im from the Gardnor gun, when I paw «men beginning to Hhuille a little back et Someeay Colonel Bnrnaby issued an * for the men to "fall back ;" but—l ™j«peak confidently on this point—though j™™, I never heard it. That, however. toi o it m!lttel'» and ifc may liavo been j™4»U the some. At any rate, tho loft tSitr" )Ve(' somewhat backwnrds, and yy towards tho zcroba. Colonel Bur rv mmaelf, whoso every action at the SlfW from a distance of about thirty X out in front of tho rear of the C |' M8> apparently to usfliet two or thieo .or skirmishers, who wero running in u^ Pressed, i think all but one man of I Kcceedod in reaching our lines. Bur- ISmTT lorwarrt to the men's rwristrinee .Ho told mo ho h;id f-ivon to carry that double-barrelled 2"» which ho had used so woll lj™>« the Hadendowas at El Teb, 6l «. SI to tlie noißo mnde in England I *l humanitarians against its us-e. « Men in Ins hands, Buvnaby would o V 7i a! eaaved other livos as woll as his W 7,3 *oQltl have been English <Cl» MP«"S9 of Arabs'. As the fortaS colonel rode forward on a thatm • nag~lor nis own nad been shot * Aeiu m""~110 Pnt himself in tho way of fc»«Li c.hurS ll 'B down on horseback. Won • cloM(1 with him a bullet from •*otdH '" Ollr ranks> und not Burnaby's j^wast, brought tho sheikh to the "^fad , eenßn'y's spearmen were close It (Vu*, °neof them suddenly dashed tttSv? Bnrn%. T'oint'ng the long ***of M» Bpwur at hU throat? Checking

his horse and slowly pulling it backward I Burnaby lennt forward in his aaddl !:• :d panld .'■<- Moslem's r>"i< n Urooi us tluustw; tmc mo length v. vi man's weapon, oight feet, put it out of hi i))wnr to return with interest the Arab' murderous intent. Once or twice I thinl the colonel just touched his man, only t< make him more wary nnd eager. Tin j affray was the work of three or four second; j only, for tho swngo hordo of awarthj negroos from Kordofan, and tho straight haired, tawny comploxioned Arabs of th< Kayuda steppe, wero fast closing in upot our squaro. Burnaby fonccd smartly, jus) a." if ho woro playing in an assault at arms and there was a smile on his foaluros as he lirovo off tho man's awkward points. The ";cno was taken in at a glanco—with that lightning instinct which I havo aeon the diwort warriors boforo now display in liittlo whilst coming to one auothor's aid—by an Arab who, pursuing a ■■'•li'ier, had passed live paces to Burnaby's right and rear. Turning with a sudden spring, this second Arab ran his spear point into tho colonel's right shoulder. It was but a slight wound—onough, though, to causo Burnaby to twist around in Tiis *neldlo to ilofentl himsolf from this unex pected attack. Kofore tho savage could re peat his unlooked-for blow-so near the ranks of the squaro was tho scene beint; en aotod—u soldier ran out and drove his sword-bayonet through the second assailant. As tho Englishman withdrew the steel, the ferocious Arab wriggled round and sought to reach him. The effort was too much, however, even for his delirium of hatred agaiußt tho Christian, and the rebel reeled and foil. Brief in was Burnaby's planco bulcward at this fatal episode, it was long enough to enublo tho n'rst Arab to deliver his spear-point full in the bravo officer's throat, 'Hie blow drove Burnaby out of [no paddlo, but it required a second ono be fore ho let go his grip of the reins and tumbled upon tho ground. Haifa dozon Arabs wero now about him. With the blood gushing in streams from his gashed throat.tho dauntless Guardsman leapt to his feet, sword in hand, and slashed at tho ferocious group. They woro the wild strokes of a proud, brave man dying hard, and ho was quickly overborne, and loft helpless and dying. Tho heroic soldier who sprang to his rescuo was, I fear, also slain in this melee, for—though I watched fir him—l never saw him get back to his place in the ranks.

THE BROKEN SQUARE.

An Appalling Situation.

lint what of tho square ? Wo had fallen biiek 100 yard?, and the foremost Arabs were driving their spaars at our men'a breasts. They were yet too fow, however, tn mako any serious break in our ranks,

ami, dosperatelyas they chargedandfought, rillo and revolvor bullets, and more rarely bayonet points, stopped thoir careor. Then tho great onrush camo, and with spoor poised and s-rord uplifted straight into our loft face, roar corner, tho Arab horde struck us like a tempest. The Heavies were thrown into confusion, for tho enemy were rijiht among them, killing and wounding with demoniacal fury. Backward from tho

left faco tho square fell, staggering and irregular, Officers exerted themselves to keep thoir men together, and General Stewart himself rode to the broken corner to assist. His horse was here killed, and

be himself was with groat difficulty extri fiuiod and saved from Arab spears. Lord Airlio received two slight spoar wounds, and so did Lord Charles Beresford, The enemy's rush swept clean over where the Gardner pun had boen placed, and the small Suvol contingent lost two ollicors and cix men killed, defending their gun as at Tuinai. It was actually one of the same weapons that was used in that oqunlly terrible fight. Confusion for the inatant roi^noii supremo aa the men fell back to wards a low circular mound. The charge of the Arabs carried many of them iuto the '■outre of our squaro and among the camels. Thero death and havoc rioted for two or three minutos, whilst our men moved oft' from the inextricable mass of wounded, dying, and dead camels. It was an awful scene, for many, alas !of the wounded left behind on the cacoleta and litters perished by the hands of the merciless Arabs, infuriated by thoir sheikhs, whoso wild, hoarse cries rent the air, whilst the black spe.irmen, entangled among the animals, ran hither and thither thirsting for blood. Amid the general calamity there wero many providential escapes. Lord St. Vincent, who, with another wounded man, was being borne upon a pair of camel litters, was overturned with his oamol, and foil underneath : the wounded man, who was on tho opposite side, was killed, and Airlie owed his life to the accident. Trilling as was the obstacle offered by the heap of holpless animals, it was enough to break and disorganise the rush of the Arabs. So great at this moment waa tho peril of the situation that officers in tho Guards and Mounted Infantry placed their men back to bxcn to make a desperate battlo for life. Tho Crlsis.-Vlctory at Last. At this stage, seeing the Arabs wore no respecters of person?, I myself took up a Martini-Henry, but the third cartridgo stuck, and I had to resort to my revolver. Our men wero now nearly all clustered around the circular mound, with a swarm of Arabs lighting upon what was originally the loft and rear faces of tho square ; tho others were still hanging back undecided nmongtho wreckof camels. The column kept backing with their faces outwards towards the top of the low mound, until they were wedged in a compact mass. To me, who waa "outside on the right face, they appeared to spin and turn slowly around the mound, a whirlpool of human beings. Tho position luckily onabled thorn to deliver a heavy and withering fire into tho dense mass of Arabs. Soon the onomy showed signs of wavering, and with cheers and shouts our men re donblod their tiro. A young officer, whoso name I did not learn, rallied a number of men on the right rear, and these being soon joined by other.", wero able to deliver an ex cellent and moat tolling transvorso tiro into the enemy's ranks. The strained tension of tho situation had lasted nearly ten minutes, when at last tho Arabs, two or three at first, then in twonties and fifties, began to trot off the field. In five minutes more thero was not an enomy to be seen standing within three hundred yards of us. With cheer upon cheer, shouting ourselves lioar3e, we hailed our victory, dearly won as we all know it to be. Parting volley after parting volley was sent into the now flyinf foomen, and we had tho satisfaction of noting that all around thoy were taking ground to the rear. After the Battle-Sufferings of tha Wounded. Tho "Daily Chronicle" describes the scene at Abu Klea after the struggle thus: —Fully 500 bodies lay on the BCene of the first struggle—rider and horse and camel and foot-soldier, friend and foe, in one red ruin blent. Had water been as plentiful as blood, the force would nothavo suffered un told agonic* of thirßt. But no water was to be had. Tho moans of tho wounded for water wero piteous in the extrome, and thero was hardly a drop to give them. But wood Dr. Forguson, tho chief of the medical staff—a harder working and bettor man for his position there is not in tho army—with his colleagues, achieved wondera ; and before thn-.o o'clock all was rrady for the advance, the wounded being carried on camel litters and on stretchers to the wells, which wero occupied without further opposi tion beyond a few shots from flying natives. At night volunteers were called upon to go back for the convoy, and tho position round the wells was held till this morning, foodless, if not waterless, the night again being bitterly cold. But meanwhile some parties of tho enemy had got round our rear, and made an attack upon tho convoy in the zareba at our former position. They took nothing by their motion except, the toss ot no-rly a hundred men, and then tho re mainder began streaming out of the wsdy and over tho hills in the direction of '^Had there boon ono regiment of cavalry, we might have exterminated or taken prisoners those follows, who to tho last maintained a dofiant appearance They jumped out of the long grass and closed with individual soldiers for hours ofter the fiVht waa ovor, and two of them in ghozi a uniform excited admiration by the cool way in which thoy walked off at about, GOO to 1,000 yard* away, regarding not at all the "^No'time'rcmains for more details of the fight But, I must tell the but of poor Colonel Bumaby. When he fell hto Lead was raiser! by Private Wood, of the Grenadier Guard.. This goo, fe low, seem" the case was hopeless, said, Oh, Colonel, I fear I can say no more than •cod bi« y°u-'" Tll°dyiDK ma"' "" He blo'd running out in a *ean>tro.nn, imrular vein, opened his eyes, smiled, gave i SoSo presto of the hand, and passed , aWIn Jn postscript tho correspondent Fays : «It L« f regret to say, been definitive y

men to leave their positions, and then oruored them back, but unfortunately too Wn for th« wqilipr- for *Hn h ■Wl*-, Mil f"T UiUJScll. How General Stewart Received His Death Wound. Tho death of General Stewart is described as lollows in tlie account of the engagement at Abu Klea -.—About eight, a.m. General Stewart, while on the left face, whore I had been talking to him, turned to go towards the front. A minute later he fell, hit in the side by a bullet. His wound was kept a secret for a time, and lio wan as unostenta tiously us possible carried to a place near the ccntro of tho squaro whoro a hospital had boon established by hoaping up, somo 4ft. high, v lut of saddles and boxes. With thoeo an enclosure about -10ft squaro was formed. This space, I regret to say, was soon tilled by wounded men, souio injured soverely, others seeking more temporary dressing. Bullot hits came faster and faster, and tho thud, thud of tho lead

against some substance became painfully frequent. Going to tho hospital to visit Sir Herbert, I saw poor St. Loger ilorbort weeping at the bedside of his friend tho Goneral, whilst ho tonded him. A fow minutes later Herbert himself, who was the correspondent of the " Morning Post," was shot through tho throat, mid instantly killed, within thirty feet of the General. The stretcher bearors wore going backward and forward all the timo carrying wounded and dead mon. Every

hour the fire seemed to grow worse, and we appeared helpless to chock it. When General Stewart was wounded the com-

mand of tho column I understand by seniority devolved upon Lord Charles Eoresfonl, but ho being a naval officer and far from well, although porßonally standing by his Gardner gun all day, passed on tho honour, nnd it fell to Sir Oharlea Wilson. Gordon's Steamers Meeting tbo Troops.

On tho 20th January, it will bo remem bered, Stewart's force met Gordon's steamers with his last despatch. "About ton o'clock," says Mr Burleigh, "we saw four of Gordon's steamers flying the Egyptian Hag coming down the river. They stopped abreast of the village of Abu Eru, and landed four brass guns and 250 Bnshi-Bazoulcs and Egyptians to assist us. They were active fellows and full of

fight, delighted at seoing us. With their assistance we pounded with the guns at Motemmeh for an hour, but seeing we made little impression on the mud walls, beyond knocking holes in them, the forcedesistedand returned to camp. From tho Egyptian officers commanding the steamers we learned they had left Khartoum nearly ono month ago, having since then been stationed at mi island a short distance above Metemmeh awaiting our arrival, and assisting iv getting messages out and in to Gordon. They said Gordon was well, but

his soldiers were despairing of relief, and the Hooner somo European went up and showed himself to reossuro the Khartoum population and the troops, the bettor. Tho officer commanding, Nouuha Pasha, was dressed in ordinary Egyptian military uni form, and so were many of the other officers, but the men are rather ragged and free as to uniform or the want of it. All of them, however, had serviceable Remingtons and bayonets, with waist and shoulder belts stuck full of cartridges. The steamers wore a curious sight. Four of them were about the size of large river steamers, and tho third was even smaller than a Thames penny-boat. Tho iulls of all four wero of iron. Their sides and tho bridge between the paddle-boxes were boarded up liko a London stroot bill-hoarding. In place of thin pino boards, however, thero wero heavy suntwood timbers, two or three inches thick, as impervious to rifle bullets as steel plates. In the forward part of each vessel, a raiseel wooden fort had been built, tho inside plated with old boiler iron. Projecting through a port hole, closed against bullots by an iron plate whon necessary, was a short brass titled gun, 4in. boro, such as are used in the Egyptian army. On tho main deck another gun was also placed. Gordon must have lavished hours and days of hard labour to get the material together for making these four steamers into iron or wooden clads so Btrong that they could safely run tho gauntlet of the rebel cannon and ritlo firo. Wo were told that that

heroic man had retained but three steamors at Khartoum, two of which were too largo todoscenel with safety tho Sixth Cataract.

IN CAMP AT GUBAT.

Foraging for Provisions,

This (says tho "Daily Chroniclo" corres pondent on February Ist) has boon anothor unoventful day, save that Lord Charles Boresford, whoso suffering from a great abscess does not diminish the vigour of his initiative, started before sunrise and went to Shondj, which was as deserted as the grave, not ft living soul being visible in tho whilom flourishing town whoso buildings on the river bank testify to the considerable trade that was once dono on tho now lonely shore. He then put the head of thesteamer up stream, and mado a raid upon a water ': wheel for the sake of the fuel, and on sorao bullocks for the sako of the beef. Ono negro was caught by a skirmishing party oftheSussex Regiment and brought aboard. Ho whs kindly treated, boing tho while almost white with foar, and lie could hardly believe in his good fortuno when Captain Vornor, in temporary charge of tho Intolli genco Department, sent him off safe and sounei, with a piece of tobacco, and a copy of a proclamation promising doath and des truction in the event of resistance, and good treatment with amplo payment in caso of coming in. No sooner was ho on the bank than his friends opened firo, and as wo had our bullocks and our wood wo declinod to do more than reply, which was not without effect, as two black mon tumbled over, and our party wero unhurt, though for half an hour the bullots rained about us as thickly a» poos used to do whon the "road homo from tho Derby" yot retained its repute for horse play. Tho Metemmoh bank, as usual, saluted the steamor with a few shots from a rouplo of clumps of palm trees, but without effect, and wo ascer tained that theio wast no foundation for a roport spread in camp that tho enemy had put up a gun-battery on the bank, or had in any appreciable way added to their defences. And this finished tho work for the day. A Strange Kumonr. The "Chronicle" correspondent says: " Ono of tho^ussex men who accompanied Sir C. Witefflf in the steamor, and helped to i bring Mr Staart-Wortley down this morn ing, roundly declares that tho steamers were never under fire at Khartoum at all, that they merely " smelt" the place, and never took the trouble to ascertain Gordon's fate. This is, under all tho circumstances, quite incredible, but it has got about among the men, and naturally caused a great deal of indignation in the ranks. We may be well sure that Sir C. Wilson and Mr Stuart-Wortloy's version i 3 moro to bo re lied upon than that of tho full private of the 35th, but the latter is so audaciously aggrossive ii his statements that I have no alternative but to notice them, and I hope, if they are false, he will he sought out and punished. He is easily identified, for he is one of two.

Tho Last Letters From Gordon.

The death of General Gordon was finally confirmed on the 18th mot., when George, a well-known Khartoum Greek merchant, who for months past has been entrusted with all letters passing to and from the besieged, and who has been living on board one or the steamers sent to Korti, stated that nearly all the natives' stories agree that General Gordon, on learning that he was betrayed, made a rush for the mnga'/ino in the Catholic Mission building. Finding that the enemy wore actually in that building by the treachery of Faraz, General Gordon returned to Government House, and was killed while trying to re enter it. Some pay that he was shot; others that he was stabbed. The Mahdi's people were admitted to Khartoum at ten o'clock on the night of January 26th. George adds that the rebels massacred all the wiiite people, men, women and children, throwing the bodies into the Kile, many of which corpses ho and others saw whilo with Sir Charles Wilson's party. The families of all the men on board General Gordon's steamers were also murderod. General Gordon clearly anticipated his fato, for he wrote a number of farewell letters during the month of January. These were sent oft' in a mail bag on board the steamer., and given to George, who handed them over to Sir Charles Wilson on January 21st. Amongst the letters were one for his sister, iind others for his brother, for Captain Brocklehursb, Lord Wolseleyand Sir Charles Wilson. There wero also five complete monthlydiariesof the siege of Khartoumnar ratingalltheeventsthathad taken placesince Colonel Stewart left him. In his letter to Sir Charles Wilson, Gordon wrote that he hoped, by God's will, the English would ar rive in time to save him and others, but feared they would be too late; that he know ho was being betrayed.but was power less to prevent it. His information was that Khartoum was to be surrendered on

January 10th to tho Mahdi. He could get away if ho wished to run, but refused to go, and wunH remain tfl fie Htet as ho would nut permit himself to be taken prisoner. There was nothing left but death. Khasm El Mons, tho commandant with the steamer at Korti, who has proved so loyal throughout, states that even had the English got to Khartoum a month earlier, they would have been too late to save Cordon, for tho two traitors had com mitted themselves, and would never have awaited our arrival, as they feared that Gordon would punish them. The people i>f Khartoum had despaired of ever seeing English soldiers, and tried to make the I'ost terms they could. Aftor tho battle of Abu Ivloa, tho Mahdi, no doubt, promised much.

Tho Rotroat from Gubat. Tho special correspondent of the "Daily Telegraph " gives the following dotails of the withdrawal from tho position at Abu Kru and ffnbat: —" Gordon's steamers, the Sana and Lewfi Kia, were rendered useloss by removing part of their machinery, which the blue jackots carried oil. At. five o'clock on the morning of the 14th the whole force fell in bohind the Uuarda' fort.

A few boxes and stores which had been left in the riverside fort wore burned, and .shortly afterwards six troops started to march across the desert to Abu Ivlea, in the following order, tbamovemontbeingdirected by Major Davidson of tho Marines. First came half a troop of Hussars ; then 40 dis mounted Guards; then tho main body in column of route, with l.fiOO camels, chiefly

carrying baggage and stores, nearly all walking on the right of the column, the Mounted Infantry being on its left, and the Sussex Regiment or, its left rear. The fimulanoso formed the rear guard, with two

guns Koyal Artillery, two companies of tho Koyal Irish, and the remainder of the HiUMiirx. A small squad of Hussars also moved from 500 to 1,000 yards oft", coloring either Hunk. On the line of march

I saw six of tho onomy'a honemon watching us. Tho forco halted 13 miles out, at one p.m., for tho day, giving the enemy a chance, if so dis posed, for battle. Many of our mon had been on duty nearly tho whole of the previous duy and night, and wero tired; besides, most of the cavalry woro unused to long inarches. On the 15th, after an un disturbed night, the column rosumod its march to Abu Klea at daybreak, and duly arrived without having fired a shot on the road. Our men aro cheery and well. They say they pirefer walking to camel riding. The marching-out strength from Abu Km was nearly 1,000 rank and tilo, with over .'iOO Egyptians and Soudanese. There wero 1,100 camels, of which about 700 were required for commissariat, water, aud ammunition. It is stated that Gonoral Bullor awaits instructions, and that ho possibly may advance to Berber, joining hands with Brackeubury's column. Tho water hero (Abu Klea) is insufficient for

tho strength of the column. I think that tho retrograde movement vow begun will be continued in a day or two to Gakdul. [The tolegram is dated February ICth. | At any rate, thoro wo may halt until the whalers rotiro down Nilo bolow tho dangor ous cataracts and gorges in tho Monassir country.

A BOLD MANŒUVRE.

Tbo Troops Extricated.

In a mt/ssago dated from Abu Klea on the Bth inst., tho special correspondent of tho

" Daily Chronicle " gives tho following ac count of the manner in which Genoral Bullor's forco was extricated from tho c itical position in which it had been placed at Abu Kloa :—"Matters have considerably improved since yostorday. Tho onomy, aftor making things very livoly for us for somo 4S hours, has apparently cleared out, and, as far aa wo can boo, thoro is nothing to prevent our continuing tho retreat to Gak-

dul should Genoral Bullor so elasire. Mujor Wardrop did his work in gallant stylo.

When ho left us yosterday, fow of us doubted, after tho strossful night, that the Mahdi's main army was upon our track.

Wardrop's instructions woro to ascertain as accurately as might bo tho actual strength

and position of the enemy, of which wo wero still to an uncomfortable oxtont in

ignorance Tho duty was a dangerous ouo, but had it boon a forlorn hojio, thoro would havo boon no lack of volunteers, for our fellows wero not in tho best of humours aftor tho night's unrost. Major Wardrop, howovor, Holoctod. only ono otlicor, Lieut.

Robert Tredway. of tho Essox Kngimont, who hasdonogoodl'servico with tho Mounted Infnntry in this cumpaiKn, and thrco troopors spocially choson for their steadiness and nerve. They stolo out of tho camp, apparently quite unporcoived by tho enemy, and wero soon lost to our viow in tho rocky and unovon ground. Proceeding cautiously along tho valley, tho little party turned tho hilly ground whence had proceeded tho iiro which had so galled us tho preceding night, and oro long found thomselvos right in tho rear of the enemy's positions. Wardrop took a good look round, which natisfied him that tho rebel force was not nearly so formidablo as had been supposed, and ho would probably havo retired as quietly as hoeamolwl not tho enemy caught Bight of him. Wardrop was now in a ticklish position, but ho was quite

equal to tho cmergonciy. He and Mi four companions fired v couple of volloys, mid then quickly spread themselves out some forty or fifty yards from oach othor, with the viow of prcHCtitinp as formidable a line as possible. All (ivo thon advanced straight at the astonished enemy, firing ns rapidly as possible as they wont, 'with all tho im-

Endonco imaginable" as one of tho gallant and subsequently explained to mo, with an air of keen enjoyment. Tho rueo was com pletely successful. Tho position was held by about 100 of tho enemy, all riflemen, who tied

precipitatoly, evidently in the full belief that Major Wardrop'a party of tivo woro tho advanced guard of two or throo British columns advancing upon them from as many

different points with the intontion of anni hilating them. Wo in tho camp hud a short respite, but later in tho afternoon tho enemy managed to got a field gun into posi tion on one of the hills to tho south of us. From one jpf our forts wo could sco the rebels making their preparations, amid frantic gesticulations and apparent hubbub. They spocdily oponed on us with shot and shell Fortunately they mado but poor practice, most of the missiles going wido of tho mark, amid tho audible comments of our men. As, however, tho robel artillery men would soon have improved with practice, our own Camol Battory and ono of Lord Charles Beresford's Gardner gun wore set to work, and poundod away at tho enemy for somo timo. Tho match, how ever, was an unequal one. Our gunners planted a number of shells right among the enemy, killing many of thorn, and subse quently a few well-aimed shots struck the enemy s gun and completely dismounted it. Meanwhile the Mounted Infantry had been smartly engaged with the enemy, and effectively, for as tho afternoon wore on tho rebol tire became more and more in termittent, and subsequently ceased alto gether. We then had leisure for the- first time to look round comfortably, and estimate our losses, which, considering the circum stances, were wonderfully light, amounting only to three men killod and 21 wounded. Tho enemy's loss, as we subsequently ascertained, was very considerable.

Lynch Law in China.

Even in China lynch law is resorted to. Just outside the wost gato of Shanghai is a small hut whoro an old man and his son lived up to November 13th of last year. Tho son mado it a practice of calling upon his father for cash whenever he was in want of

it, until the thing got rathor monotonous for tho father, who remonstrated with his son, and being saucily replied to, tho i'athor attompted to apply "paternal correction" on tho son ; the son, in rage, then caught hold of tho door-bar and brought it down with such force upon the fathei s skull that he ciacked it and killed tho old man. The neighbours, hearing the row, assembled at the door of tho house where the murder was committed, and captured.tho son as he was endeavouring to escape. The members of the father's clan were thon called together, and at a solemn conclave it was decided to administer on the spot the law pet aside for parricides, instead of appealing tothemagis trato, which invariably causes much dolay, and perhaps the murderer might effoct his escape in tho meantime. So the parricide was bound hand and foot, and just without the hamlet a hole was dug and the wretched murderer consigned to its depths. The mud was thrown into the hole nnd tho members of the clan stamped by turns on tho gravo until it was level with the ground, and so without leaving a mound or any marY

to point out tho parricide's gravo the assera bled crowd dispersed silently to their daily vocations.

Moral TurtPiTUDE.-Blame attaches to a jury of Intelligent men v hen they condemn a man for crlms whose moral nature has been perverted by indigestion, diseased liver aid kidneys. A thoughtful jnd«e may veil con sider whether society would nor. bo better served by ordering a bott;e of American Co.a Hop Bitters for the unfortunate inthedook, in stead of years of penal servitude. Head.

THOUGHT-READING.

Extraordinary Experiences—The Fas* Present, and Future Described.

[WniTIEN EOR THE AUCKLAND "STAR."

PsYcuoMETRy, thought-reading, or mind rcading.js presumably quite a modern art or science, and it ia only within the last fo\i years that it haa attracted any notice. Sc fur as can be ascertained, it formed no pail of the many occult acquisitions of the ancient Egyptians, nor was it included in the miraculous powers possessed by the ourly Hebrew prophets. In Jowish estima tion, indeed, the assumption by any man of such a gift would have been held to be blasphemous and worthy of the death penalty, for the power of "discerning the thoughts and intentions of tho heart" was looked upon as a peculiar attribute of lJoity. Even in the prosont day there are many in tho community who favour such a view, and bolioving that men's thoughts Chii only bo read by a superhuman power, thdy condemn all professors of the art an during quacks, or at beet clever conjurors. There is much erroneous information in cir-

dilation regarding thought-rending, and iiioio often a complete lack of information Oil tho subject ; and this articlo is writton with a view to correcting some orrors and at, tliut-.tme time making a contribution to the scientific knowledgs of tho phenomena of

psyi'homotry. Tho writer* qualifications fortihe duty aonwist of a pretty lon^ ex pti'ienco, both ns operator and subject, in thouglit-roadinj; experiment'), couplod with a Ueen intoroat in tho matter and more particularly an honest desire to arrive at

tho truth quite apart from any precon ceived theory, prejudice, or inclination. To t hoso who have studied theso phonoino/i; ho may be able to advance nothing now, but ho hopes to bo able to enlighten the general reader on some rather hazy points. At tho outset we are confronted with the quory— Is Thought-Reading Possible? Quite apart from evidonco and experience, thure i» no reason why this question should not bo answored in tho affirmative Tho hod. pomtmu* argument is much affected in Homo quarters, and it must be met, not by physical demonstration, no amount of which will suffice, but by abstract reasoning. Why, thon, should there not bo direct com munication between mind and mind? Is it not just, as reasonable that we should hold mental communion as that wo should ' bo able to converse through the clumsy medium of Bpokon or writton languago, which a witty Frenchman declared, not without reason, to have boon invented for the purpose of concealing thought? Electric tolography is a priori less probablo than mind-reading, yot no ono disputes tho fact. To deny tho possibility of thought reading is to affirm tnnt tho human brain is a less wonderful contrivance than an oloctric battery, and that tho delicate nerves of the

human system arc inferior conductors to telegraph wiros. Wo know that ovory effort to think produces a waste of tissue. Now, by tho law of tho conservation of energy, it is impossiblo that tho actual forco thus expended can bo lost; it must produce some elloct, and that offect must

bo material, since it is produced by material moans. Tho casting of a pobblo into tho Waitomata produces an effect on

every drop of water in tho ocean, which can neither bo observed nor calculated, but which is r.ona tho loss real. So with our

thoughts—theyaro living entities, potontial for good or evil (though wo often fancy them to be immaterial), and once thoy loavo us thoir influenco goos on unceasingly. Objectors will bo ready to say—" Languago is necessary for the transforonco of ideas, bouauso of tho hindrances of our flosli." But, it may bo answorod, it is saroly pos sible for mind to obtain tho ascondancy over raattor, and for certain organisations to attain to direct montal contact. This is probably thoexplanationof modorn'thought rending, for at no previous stagu of tho world's history has tho cultivation of mind ronched such an advanced stago as at tho present time. 80 far from boing scouted as impossible, or oven improbable, mind reading is just such a development an might be expected to bo ionched. Leaving tho abstract region, however, lot us como to the practical question of Tho Genuineness of Thought-ReaulnK. Hero it is dosirablo to apply tho most rigid tests. All new phonomona should bo most carefully scrutinised boforo any con clusion is arrived at regarding them. Lot it at once bo understood that wo bolievo the simplest and most natural explanation should always bo preferred until it i.s shown to bo incorrect. '\Vo are confronted, tlion, wil.li a man who professes to rend thought, by finding blindloldcd an object of which another person, whoso hand ho holds, i* think ing. Tho first suggestion i.s that it is a conjuring trick ; but this supposition boing proved groundless, tho next ussurtion is that it is dono by "musclo-roading," /..., tho operator gets involuntary indications, through muscular contact with tho subject, which guide him infallibly to tho article thought of. That is a very good and natural explanation, and is quite fullieioni to satisfy Mr Labouchorc, of "Truth," and many other*. In this position they consider themselves greatly fortified by tho confession of Mr Stuart Cumber liiinl (a thought-read or who caused not a littlu sensation in England) that his feats wero all dono by musclc-roading. Mr Cumberland's dictum must.howover, bo dis missed as worthless. Ho at ono time pro fossod to be a " thought-render," and if ho could lin about that, his utrornnco on " musclo-reading " has no claim t,o candour. But anyono can find for himsolf that it is not altogothor musclo-roading by which hidden objects nro found. A common but interesting experiment is aR follows:—Lot on<! person go out of tho room and get blindfolded. In his absence tho other* fix upon Homo article upon which thoy agrooto concontrato thoir thoughts. Tho thought reiulor is tlion brought in, two of tho expori mentors touch him lightly on tho Bhoulders, an<l ho loads thorn to tho articlo thought of. Tho writer has dono this repeatedly, and can avouch that not only ia thoro a slight mtttcularindteation, but also a strong menial power exerted. Whether it is the result of tho light muscular contact or of tho com bined volition of tho oxperimentors is an opon quostion, but tho "thought-reader" in this experiment often feela his body sway ing forwards or baokwards, as if moved by some invisible force, which ho is impelled to oboy. Furthermore,thowritorcan positively assort that ho can toll at onco whether ho has' touched the article thought of by the mental impression received. Anyono can test this in a private company, and it is ofton found a very amusing recreation. That It Cannot be Musclo-Keadlng Is, we conceive, fully established by the tests given by Professor Rico in this city. At his private oxhibition in tho Clarendon Hotel, conducted oponly and without any possibility of aid from accomplices, this gentleman gave some very convincing proofs of his power. Take for illustration tho caso of Dr. Murray Mooro,whom no one will for a moment suspect of boing in collusion to perform a doceptivo trick. The doctor having dropped his fingor riDg into his hat on tho table at which ho was seated, submitted himsolf to theprofossor. Lightly taking the doctor's fingers in his own, the professor led him round the room to tho hat, near which lie lingered for a short time in irresolution. From there ho went to two different gentlemen in tho vicinity, whoso pockets were_ vainly rifled in the search for tho something which was occupy ing the doctor's thoughts Back to the other end of tho room darted tho professor, dragging Dr. Mooro with him, and there a gentleman's hand was seized and a ring which he wore fixed upon. Tho professor, however, said that he was not right in tho locality, though he felt sure it was a ring that was thought of, and as ho confessed himself unable to find where tho ring was concealed, the doctor disclosed the hiding place. In several other cases Professor Rice was able to name the. ahjert ihow/ht of, though he could not disclose its where abouts. If anyone can explain how this can be done by " muscle-reading," he may reasonably claim 1o cast doubt on the genuineness of thought-reading, but till that is done, tho reality of the achievement, must bo considered as established. An other and more striking case was that of a gentleman (kuown to the writer) who met Professor Rico in Queen-street, and taking his hand said, " I am thinking of ft coin in my pocket; ■what is it?" Almost immoHiatcly camo tho reply, " A half sovereign." "Can you tell me the dato upon it?" asked tho experimenter, who had taken pans to impress the figures upon his motnory in preparation for the test. Slowly, and with some difficulty, but quite correctly, the professor gave the date, which was an old and very improbable date for anyone to have guessed. These and other instances clearly prove that it ia possible to receive mental impressions of tho form, size, colour, and location of objects hidden from the mind-reader, but known

to the experimenter ; and it might fairly ba argued that they prove nothing more, since even a date might be read irotn the form at >:he figures being transferred from one mind to the other. They prove a powe of mind-reading, or image-transference, from one brain to another placed en lapport through physical contact, but it would be rash to contend that they prore the power to read thoughts or transfer ideas without the medium of language. If, however, the reader is willing to accept the personal testimony of the writer, he must believe the latter power to be not only possible, but that it has been actually accomplished. Adopting, for the sake of conciseness, the first porsonal pronoun, lot me say that I am firmly persuaded that ab least some human beings have tho power to tell, uudor certain conditions, what is passing in tlio mind of others, and oven what ia lying latent there. Tho past can bo read as a book, and The Futuro Can be Foretold in so far as it is related to the intentions of the individual who is en rapporl with the skilled thought-reader. Thus literally " tho thoughts and intentions of the heart," considered the most sacred and secret, can be read by some of our fellows correctly and infallibly. Proof will be demanded for this bold assertion, and I proceed to give it in the following narration of facts, which could, if required, bo corro borated by those who took part in tho experiment: — About fivo years ago, 1 formed one of a party of six who mot in a privato room in a busy street of Glasgow, to investigate occult phenomena. Ono of tho party was a "medium," another was a leading Spiritual ist, and the rest wore unbelievers of various

«hndo» of scepticism. Tho " medium " was a Mr Matthows, an ex-Wesloyan parson •f '.iiiddlo ago and rather short stature, who wore spectacles. Wo all (with tho ex ception of our Spiritualistic friend) seated ■ ursolven at an ordinary round tible, mill tho " medium, " after a few spasmodic i* witches, appeared to go oil' in a tranco. vV'o now awaited oxpoctantly the revela tions from the unseon world which we had come to hoar. I will rolato a few of the more striking. Turning towards tho most pronounced sceptic of our party, themedium

vaid—"You are gaing on a long journey to morrow ?" " Yes," was the reply. " You are going to see your wife's mother?" "That is so," assented the gentleman addressed. " Her name is —," an.l the medium correctly gavo the lady's Christian name. " Wait," he added, " and I will describe her;" and he went on to picture in minute

.ietail tho personal appearance and dress of an elderly female. Wo all knew tho gentleman, but none of us knew his inothor iii-law (though) I was previously aware of his intendod journey to see her). Turning to him, wo asked if that was a correct de scription of his relative. "It is marvellously like," he said.

Turning to a young man (a bank account ant) tho seer abruptly aaid—"You had a relative—a fomalo— who died of cancer." Tho gentleman reddened, hesitated, and stamraerod out—" No, I hadn't," "Think i again ; I foel sure of it," said the medium In a f«w moments our young friend said ho did rocollect of a lady friend who died of cancer ; but sho was only a dis tant relation, and it was many years ainco. Other tests wero given with more or loan success—in some instances tho "seer" being apparently altogether astray. In one caso, iiowovor, a homestead in Canada whero a relativo of ono of us resided wan vividly and corroctly depicted, and in another a house associated with one "William" (also a relative) was minutely described, ovon to tlio number and location of tho rooms. In this cuso, when tho medium had finiahod and a«kod, "Ib that right?" the goiitleman said, "No; thoro is niiothor room." " Oil," came tho immediate reply, " you mean tliat little placo near tho Htaircaso ; I did not count that as a room ;" and it was confessed that the room or closet thought of was on tho Btair landing. Now oarao my turn. Suddonly pointing to me, tho modium uttorod tho strango sentence,

"You Have Boon at Very Fow Funerals!' "That's truo," I said, and ho went on—" A pond few public, but very few private funerals—three or four at the most. >T " Yes," I hesitatingly said; while ho continued, almost without stopping — "Moro than that, perhaps six or raven." I had been listening like ono dazed or in a dream to his formor e tatomonts, but this seemed tc arouso mo to a souse of what was going on, and I ex claimed, "You are reading my thoughts; Ml that you have said has just boon passing through my mind I" Tho medium inado no an.-nvor. (It aoemod to me that in his real or simulated condition of franco ho was it timcH fully conscious ot all that was going oii|Whilo at other times ho was, or protended to bn, oblivious of all save what ho was des cribing, and ho sat for tho most part with hit) eye* shut, or turned towards tho table), tlio Spiritualist, howovor, took speoch in finnd. "No," ho en id, "ho is not reading your thoughts, but

A Spirit Is Reading Your Thoughts w:d communicating them to him." Bo that is it may, I solemnly aver now, as I did then, that in what ho had said tho me Hum had simply echoed my thoughts.

H. «"iio strango montal vagary, which 'o'itrodictß all theories of tho association i>l ideas, I had allowed my tnoiights to ..iMiblo away to tho subject «>f tho funorals I. i :id attended, and I had continued tho utiii nf thought, correcting it as it was published aloud, so that, by tho time it came to tho third scntonco, I oxpoctod and waiter! for tho echo from the lips of tho medium. And it camo instan tanoously and infallibly, in tho very words which I had framed in my mind. To provo that thoro could be no collusion with rogard to communication of past facts or fnturo intentions, I must add that, tho modium had but lately como from England, that the Spiritualistic gentle man was unacquainted with any of our party, whilo wo inquirers wore all known to each other intimatoly as boing incapable of trickery or parties thereto. Perhaps tho bost proof to " practical " minds will bo found in tho fact that wo had scarcely omcrgod from the room boforo my sceptical, friond was pooh-poohing tho wholo thing an more " guesswork " and " coinci dence" whilo tho man of hard cash declared tho proceedings wero "on tho sank Hat of absurdity!" It was vain to reason on thesubjoct, or remind them of the striking oxperiencos through which they had passod. Certain minds assimilate only certain truths, and from, those tho lossons of that day wore shaken lightly off, like water irom a duck's foathors. Was it Human or Spiritual Power? Tho reader is, of course, free to form his own opinion an to the moans by which Mr Matthews was enabled to unveil the past, read present reflections, and foretell future intentions. It seems to mo there are but the two hypotheses to choose between. Either (1) Mr Matthews possessed tho powor of thought-reading, or (2) there wore invisible or spiritual beings present able to read thought-records and convey them to Mr Matthews, I understood Mr Matthews to favour the latter view. I know that some people will argue that when a man is the possessor of or the modium for tho oxerciso of any gift his explanation of it should be accepted in preference to any other. But I hold to the rule laid down at the outset — that the oasiost and most natural explanation, if sufficient, should alwayshave the preference; and I contend that the theory of mind reading is sufficient to account for all that Mr Matthews did. My own experience I consider proof ab&olute of the power to read what I may call "current thoughts j" that of my banker friend proves tho power to road "latent thoughts;" and that of my sceptical acquaintance demonstrated the power of transferring mental images and discovering future intentions. As I have said, the idea of jugglory or collusion was out of tho question; we were noither mes merised nor "hypnotised ;" and we were all bentupon keeping wide awakoand criticising keenly everything that went on. If it be possible for men to acquiro the power of mind-reading, there is no need to go hunt ing through tho realms of tho supernatural for an explanation. Tho lower forms of thought-reading, which any small social circlo can prove to their satisfaction, give presumption that the higher forms of the art may exist, find, in fact, open up a wide vieta of possibilities in the same field. After ho has had his passing thoughts read, tho experimenter may well dream of wonderful achievement? 'yet to be attained, and may be excused for considering childish and frivolous tho finding of a pin concealed under a carpet, or for that matter a needlo in a hay-stnek !

The Theory ot Hind-Koaclirsg.

When I .°ay that I firmly believe in the power to read thoughts, I hope it ■..■ill not bo floemcd necessary that I -hould offer a full and con«istont theory of the process. Professor Baldwin, a " mystery man," now making a tour of New Zealand, says in one of hia circulars :— " A person of powerful intellect, when thinking intently, sends over the nerves from the brain a wave or emanation of thought force, so that a sensitive medium or thought-reader,

un:Jer proper conditions, becomes COnSCIOUB of the thoughts of the experimenter." This is a feasible but somewhat hazy and incomplete explanation. It will be observed that "proper conditions" are required, and that the thinking should be done intently by a person of powerful intollect. The requisite conditions, I should say, are that the thought-reader and experimenter should bo en rapport, that the latter should have thepowerof concentration,and should either be willing to have his thoughts read, or unconscious that a thought-reading experi ment istobetried. I have foui,d itextremely difficult to read children's thoughts, because their power of concentration is usually I t'ecble. The experience of Professor Rico, j who could read tho thoughts of children in ) his class at echool, docs not contradict this, ( for tho children were doubtless thinking ; intently and unitedly (two great considera- 1 tions) on some problem or difficulty raised \ in the course of tuition, I should say that s Thought-Rending is Analogous to ' Moamorlsni. It may be described asa complete inversion of the process. In tho one case tho subject is mesmerised, and his mind becomes impres sible to the thought and will of tho mesmeriser; in the other case tho operator mesmerises or "hypnotises" himself, and his mind becomes sensitive to impressions rom the mind of tho experimenter. Mesmerism was long scouted as a trick, and to tho present day there are vulgar charlatans who perform trickery in the name of mesmerism; but the facts of mesmerism are now recognised and

known as fully as those of any other science If, then (to revert to tho argument of probability), mesmerism is ac cepted, why not thought-rending? Thoao hints are offered a3 aids to elucidation of the subject; bat what is wanted is that facts should be collated and compared, and theorising let severely alone. To my mind, however, tho hypothesis of

mind-reading explains a whole catalogue of phenomena, including so-called " clairvoy ance " and fortune-telling. It haR frequently occurred to me, when liaiening]|to recitals of howßOme wandering "gipsy "or "spaowife" told people's past history from a perusal of thoir palms, that tho fortune-teller was in a state of hypnotic tranco, and was reading the record all tho timo from the mind of the subjoct. Then there have been cases in which people had it foretold that they would bo hung, and tho event happened within a short timo. Supposing such to bo well authenticated, the theory of mind reading would account for the knowledge on the part of the fortune-teller, who would simply have read the intention to murder in tho mind of the subject. The bearing of what

1 have said about concentration will be evident with regard to fortune-telling, for poople submitting themselves to the mani pulation of a "seer" aro sure to bo think ing intently on the ongrossing topics of their life. And though tho gift of thought reading was not claimed by the ancient Jews, if tho Btory of Saul and the Witch of Endor, and that of tho prophet and Hazael are road in the light of modern knowledge, it will bo seen that tho hypothesis of " hypnotisation" greatly elucidates what is othorwise mysterious. In conclusion I only ask the reader to believe that, whatever opinion he may have of my theories, my statement of facts is circumstantial and accurate, and froo from all exaggeration. The Auckland Society for Psychical Research, I would suggest, have in the phenomena of thought reading a most inviting field for research, mid they might render a real service to science if thoy established a basis of fact upon which a theory could bo ho firmly os tabliahed as to expose all impostors aud shams who pretend to the possession of occult powers. J.L.K, Auckland, May, 1885.

have of my theories, my statement of facts is circumstantial and accurate, and

How Often Should a Man Eat?

Tn KM! is a difforenco in the time of digestion botweon one meat and another, and between different conditions of tho samo moat. Raw beef disappears from tho stomach in about two hours, tho samo boilod takes threo hours, while thoroughly roosted beof is not digested until fonr hours have elapsed. If tho difl'oront varieties of meat aro arranged in tho order of timo in which thoy disappear, their ordor of solubility will bo something as follows:—

Whon it is considorcd that meats of all kinds aro digoated quickor than vegetable foods, it is pretty clear that an ordinary moal, whothor it bo breakfast or dinner, will not bo fully digested under six hours; therefore if breakfast should bo at S a.m., tho physiologically considered, requires nothing boforo 2 p.m., aud a third meal will not bo necessary before 9 p.m. The activity of business and professional men is mainly exercised between ten in the morning and five in the evening; a midday moal involves loss of important time to such persons ; a hearty breakfast and a " snack " in the middle of the day, with a good six o'clock dinner, is a common-sense system of feeding which agrees well with the majority. I have nothing to say in favour of tho old four daily me: Us— breakfast, dinner, tea, and suppor. Bosides tho waste of time, the organs aro novor pormitted to rest; before ono load of pabulum is disposed of, down comos another on top of the first. Soups and sauces, sweets and bitters, hot drinks and cold, surfoit tho mucous membrane. Tho groat glands, fatigued with the never ceasing work, are liable to strike and take themselves the ropose which haß been denied. Simplicity of diet has been preached; the prophet eating the locust bean and wild honey—the Hindoo with his rice—no mad races living on cheeso, milk, and goat's flosh, have boon held up as examples worthy of all admiration. Tho poor, the uncivilised, and those who would rend the body for the soul's faults, use, from necessity or choice, simple diets; but as a rule whon man can got a complicated diet he eats it. A man in this climate, to do what he has to do well, requires to havo at least twice a day a certain amount of complicated pabulum floating down the intestinal canal, and the amount must bo a little in excess of what the body requires. The reason why the diet should be cf a complex character is because if several kinds of albuminous mat tor aro present, and one fails to be digested, another succeeds ; if sevoral kinds of fat are present, if one is unabsorbed another is taken up. And the reason why there should be an excess of nourishment taken is because the digestive organs are nevor perfect; there is always waste. It must not be too rashly concluded that because those persons are as a rule in tho best state of physical and mental health who take a generous diet, who eat of many kinds of meat, of many kinds of vegetables, and several varieties of Btarches, that the sump tuous banquets of public and private hospitality are beneficial. Quitetho contrary. Hero complexity roaches an absurb and dangerous excess. The eye, tho nose, tho ear, and tho palate, dazzled with fair sights, stimulated by delicious odours, charmed with music, and vitiated with variety of flavour, aro all submitted to such a mitrailleuse of temptation that only strong minded persons can resist taking vory much moro both to oat and to drink than is either necessary or good. Here, as in most other things, the middle course is the safest—to eat, not to gorge ; to drink, not to pwill; to aim at satioty, not repletion.—"Leisure Hour " for February.

English Working Women.

It takes 37,910 women to nurse the English sick.

In the English civil service thors are 3,260 women clerks.

Sixty-four women ongravors earn their livelihood in England. There are 7,162 women missionaries and preachors in England.

There aro 600 professional beauties in London who don't work at all;*""*

There are 452 women editors in England and 1,309 femalo photographers.

There are 113,995 English school teachers, nearly all of whom are spinsters.

Ten thousand five hundred women bind English books, and 2,302 assist 111 printing them.

Tho Queen is worth §85,000,000, and works hardor than any woman in the Kingdom.

Thero aro 93,138 woman nailmakers in England The nails aro used in fastening horseshoes in placo. There are 347 female blacksmiths in Eng" land, all of whom actually swing heavy hammers and do mea'a work.

LIFE IN MODERN PALESTINE.

Ruins of the Synagogue at Capernaum wnoro Christ Taught and Wrought Miracles.

Haifa, Jan. 20.—Perhaps the most inter eating spot in the world to those deeply

under the influence of that charm which . association lends to places hallowed by the , ministrations of the Founder of Christianity is to be found iv a desert rock-strewn pro . montory on the north-west shore of the Lake . of Tiberias ; for among these piles of hewn blocks of black basalt still remain the ruins ,of a great synagogue, within whoso walls, ! the foundations of which may still bo dis ■! tinctly traced, woie collected tbe multitudes ; who Hocked to hoar the teaching of Christ. ' While modern tourists resort in crowds to :■ Jerusalem to visit the mythical sites which i aro supposed, upon the vague basis of ecclesiastical tradition, to bo identified with episodes in the life of the great Teacher, scarcely one over rinds his way to this remote locality lying just out of tho beaten track along which Cook leads his herds of sight seers ; and yet it is probable that the greater part of that period in the life of Christ tho record of which is contained in the four Gospels was spent at Capernaum, which the most careful investigation, by the high est authorities in such matters, has identified with these ruins of Tell Hum, amid which I ■was just^now standing. Hereit was that Christ cured Peter's mother-in-law, restotred the paralytic, called Matthew, cured the centurion's servant, raised Jairus's daughter from tho dead, and obtained the tributo of money from the mouth of a fish. It was here that he spoke tho parables of the sower, tho tares, tho treasure hid in the field, the merchant seeking goodly pearls, and the net cast into tho sea. Sir Charles Wilson, whoso researches on this spot led him to identify it as being the site of the city of Capernaum, bolieves this synagogue was, " without doubt, the one built by tho Roman centurion (Luko vii., 5), and there foro, one of the most sacred spots on earth." It was in this building, if that be the caße, that the well-known discourse contained in tho sixth chapter of John was delivered; " and it was not without a strange feeling," says the same explorer, "that on turning over a large block we found tho pot of manna engravedon its fnce, andremembered tho words :'I am that bread of life. Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness and are dead.'"

This very synagoguo was probably the scene of tho healing of the demoniac and of the delivery of many of those divine lectures on faith, humility, brotherly love, and formality in worship, as we read at the end of ono of them : " These things said he in the synagogue as he taught in Caper naum." Perhaps it was in the little creek whero a boat was now riding at anchor only a few feet from tho shore that Christ

taught the people from the boat so as to avoid the crush of the multitude. It was

doubtless in one of these inlets that James, the son Zebedoe, and John, his brother, were mending their nets when, being called, they loft their ship and followed Him ; and it was on this coast that Andrew and Peter were casting their nets when they were sum moned to become fifihors of men. It has a higher claim to be called tho birthplace of the religion which has since revolutionised the world than any other spot upon it; and it is a matter of some surprise to me that neither the Greek nor the Roman Catholic churches, in their zeal to discover holy places, which may serve as levers for political intrigue, have yet thought of occu pying this ono, which would seem the holiest of all. Perhaps it would lead to a comparison between thoir practice and the teaching of which it was tho scene, which might give mo to some inconvenient reliections.

Apart from their associations, the ruins themselvos are not particularly striking. They cover an area of about half a mile in length by a quarter in breadth, and consist chiefly ot tho black blocks of basaltic stone which formed tho walls of the houses. Tho traces of the synagogue, however, remain sufficiently for the building to bo planned. Built of white limestone blocks, it must have formed a conspicuous object amid tho black basalt by which it was surrounded. It was7s by 57, built north and south, and at tho southern end had three entrances. Many of

the columns and capitals havo been carried away, but onough still remains to convoy some idea of tho general plan and aspect of tho building. The capitals aro of tho Cor inthinn order, and there were epistylia that rested upon the columns and probably sup ported wooden rafters. There are also romains of a heavy cornice and friev.o. The exterior was probably decorated with attached pilasters. Two miles north of Capernaum aro the ruins of Chorazin. There is no difficulty in identifying tho sito, which may be deter mined partly by the itineraries of early travellers, and partly by the similarity of the modern name, Kirazeh. Tho path to

them leads up the sloping rocky hillside, but owing to tho peculiar character of tho masonry, which 13 barely to be distinguished at 100 yards from the rocks which surround it, tho extent and importance of these ruins havo been overlooked until quite recently. 1 hey cover an area as largo as, if not larger than, those of Capernaum, and are situated partly in a shallow valley, partly on a rocky spur formed by a sharp bend in the Wadv Kirazeh, here a wild gorge oightv feet deep. From this spot tlioro is a beautiful view of tho Like of Tiboriaa to its southern end ; and here, too, are gathered tho most inter esting ruins—a synagogue with Corinthian capitals and nichehoada cut, not as at Ca pernaum in limestone, but in hard black basalt. The dimensions of this building aro about the same as those of the one at

Capernaum, but the interior is a mass of ruins. Two pedestals still remain in sittt, and a portion of the wall. The character istic of this synagogue is an excess of ornamentation of rather a debased kind. The niches are moat elaborate, and remain as sharp as when they wore cut in the hard material used. The mouldings of tho door-posts are similar to those used in other synagogues, and there are many stones cut with deep mouldings and pieces of classical cornices strewn among the

Many of the dwelling-houses aro in _a tolerably perfect state, the walls being in some eases six feet high; and, as they are probably of the same class of houses as that in wliich Christ dwelt, a description of them may be interesting. They are generally square, of different sizes, the largest, how over, not over thirty feet square, and have ono or two columns down tb« centre to support the roof, which appears to have beon flat, as in tho modern Arab houses. The walls aro about two feet thick, built of masonry or of loose blocks of basalt. Them is a low doorway in the centre of one of the walls, and each house has win dows twelve inches high and six wide. In one or two cases the house was divided into four chambers.

CLIPTOMANIA.

(St'kciali.y Selected uy Otp. London

Correspondent. )

I am told that the most expensive land of oil is Gavmoyle, because £10,000 was spent in connection with it by a gentleman who only took one gal on.

Tho following "ad." was received by a cycling paper tho other day, and got crowded out :—" Wanted, a tricycle by a lady with a crimson seat and ivory handles."

At an inquest rocontly hold in ono of the Eastern countries on tho body of a deceased gontleman, aged fifty-one, tho jury returned tho following verdict: —" Death from natural causes. Organic disease of tho brain, pro duced by chronic alcoholism." This is a fact. " Figaro."

The Hero of Abu-Kloa, General Stewart, was for three years in tho Winchestoroloven, 18G0-1562, being captain in tho last-named year. He excelled as a batsman, never failing to score double figures against Eton, and on one occasion he had an aggregate for the match of 70 runs.

The wear and tear to furniture caused by an over-energetic temperament cannot often be estimated. In the case of Sarah Bern hardt, however, tho sale of her recently purchased household goods shows that to amount to about SO per cont. depreciation of the original cost. A Brighton jury haa distinguished itself by finding that a blow which killed a boy was acaiiknlally given in a fair fight. I was not aware that downright punching in a fair fight was accidental. I thought that in moat casos it was deliberate pummelling with malice aforethought.

Tho pawnbrokers of Boston are consider ably agitated, and fear a loss of patronage in consequence of an order issued recently by the Police Commission, compelling them to sond to headquarters, at tho close of each day, a description of each article presented to them, the amount of money loaned on the same, together with the name and de scription of each person offering it. According to a Frenchman who has ro contly interviewed that last " resource of civilisation " —the British hangman—Berry is a fascinating fellow, ever ready to give the unfortunate " rope enough" andtoepare. However, the fewer " interviews" cither Frenchmen or Englishmen have with experts

of the profession to which Berry belongs, the better for tliomsolver. There might poE sibly bo one " interview " too many. A clergyman at Manchester, who was recently ordained "from the ranks of Dissent," has resolved to return to his fonnersect The "Church Times" gracefully compares him to "the sow that haR been washed which goes back to her wallowing in the mire.—"Truth." The right to collect the bones, crusts of bread, coffee-grounds, dish-water, &c., from the bakeries, Darracks, markets, and other buildings in Paris, is annually Bold to the highest bidder. It brought £480 this year, but the privilege, if diligently worked, in said to be worth £2,000 a year.

Miss Millicent Rosamund Cave-Browne- Cave of Stretton-en-10-Field, Derbyshire, has married Mr William Wentworth Clap ham of Manchester, for whose sake it is to be hoped that sho will not insist upon re« taining her maiden name in her signature as a married woman. Imagine the feelings of a husband receiving a note signed, "Your own M. S. C.-8.-O. W.-C." !

The farthing which at one time would purchase only two spajiowsnow buys 1,920 if it is one of the new farthings issued last year from the Mint. These coins look so much like sovereigns that at Canterbury they have in several cases been palmed off as such. This is not sufficiently serious, but the worst of it is that the simple foreigner will perhaps imagine, if ho sees the coins, that wo aro depreciating the

currency. That is a very pleasant little story about the schoolboy of ten who wrote to Prince Edward about his birthday, and received a reply. ]Jut the little schoolboy will becomo a veritable enfant terrible if he goes on ask ing such questions as " What would Eng land's history be without its Kings and Queens?" To thirst after knowledge is a good thing, no doubt; but it may be ove r done. Misa Fortoacue has confirmed the esti mate formed of her character by all that was made known in court in the breach of promise case. She might have retired from the stage on the £10,000 awarded her by the jury, but she preferred to earn her living as before. Of her fortune, she settled £6,000 upon her mother, and went back to the stage. After her provincial tour sho will return to London, acting hero during the season. In September she sails for tke United States, intending to remain there, playing in all the principal cities over a term of six or eight months. The " Public Ledger " of Philadelphia re cordod the deaths of 428 persons during the latter half of ISS4 who had lived to or beyond the age of 80 years. For tho whole year the number was 913, 376 men and 537 women. Of that number there wore 163 between 90 and 100, and there were no less

than toil who were 100 and upwards. The exact figures are—At 100, three; 102, one; 103, one; 104, ono ;'lO5, one ; 109, one; 110, one; 115, one. A contemporary has publishedas itsspeeial supplement a very original kind of ches3 board. The sixty-four squares are marked on it as usual, but on each of the whito squares is photographed a tiny view of York. Small aa they ure, the views are most clearly done, and it is easy to see the minster, the castle, the town hall, the old city walls, &c. But the seviouß ches3

player would surely not approve of this attempt to temper the rigour of the game! Apropos of Prince Edward's proper name. His father, as I have said, always calls him Edward, and his name in the family is Eddy ; but he himself sijjns in full "Albeit

Victor." I have seen both telegrams and lot'ci'B from him within tho last few days, and in every case Albert Victor ia hi"! style. Ea people may call him Edward, as tho I'riiK.o of Wales would like ; or Albert Victor, as the Queen desires, and the J'oung Prince himself doe 3in all formal writing. Some little time ago the theatrical world wan amused by Mr Wilson Barrett's oath when a little boy that he would one day

play Hamlet at the Princesses}. The idea is, of course, not new. But it is remarkablu

that in the paper on Charles Dickena by his eldest daughter, in the " Cornhill," a similar incident occurs. When Dickens was a

ittlo boy, it seems that his father used to alee him for country walks, and his favour-

ito stroll was past Gad's Hill, Dickens declared that ono day he would possess it, and this, it eeomp, is one of tho only allu sions ho ever made to his early childhood. The following advertisement appeared the other day in the "Telograph":— "Christian family reluctantly offer fashion able service of Silver Plate (82 pieces, new) dozens of table and dessert spoons, forks, heavy soup ladle, gravy spoon, &c., stamped 'A.' Very rare. Valued at £14, immediate cash 78s, gratefully accopted. Divide half service (41 pieces), 455. Also two dozon silver decorated table and choose knives, carvers to match, 28s 6d. Approval free.—Address Lady, &c." But asks a cor respondent, " Why Christian family?" .1 should not be much surprised to hear that tho advertisor has other servi6es of plate fair sale. The dodge is too transparent to deceive any but the mest credulous.

The club for working boys ?in White chapel, which Prince Albert Victor has just opened, ia a most excellent institution, and he could not have been better advised than in selecting it for " hie flret appear ance." With the good help of Mr Dalton the young Prince got through his G<sbut very creditably. He was decidedly nervous during the formal part of the proceedings upstairs, and he has plenty to learn from his father and mother in the matter of deportment. But downstairs with the shoeblacks he was more at his ease, and he read his speech to them with considerable fluency.

The Japanese bathe to an excess, using such hot water that fatal syncope is an oc casional consequence. With the Japs tho bath is a sensuous luxury. On the other hand, their neighbours, the Chinese get inside as much clothing as possible' and are never seen in the streams in which their country abounds bath ing or swimming. To go barefoot except from dire necessity, is with them in decent. Tho Malays and the natives of Aden are many of them scarcely less than human ducks. A bit of silver cannot reach tho bottom of the sea before they have it Tho Hindoos and Brahmins bathe — especially in the Ganges—as a religious exercise, smearing tho body with oil first if they can afford it. *

A good deal of nonsense is being written about the " highest bookings ever known at London theatres." £7,000 worth of seats have, it is said, been bookod for "Tha Candidate," £10,000 worth for "The Princess George " at tho Prince's, €12 000 for the pantomime at Drury Lane 'and £14,000 for one of the past seasons of Mdmo. Sarah Bernhardt. But untii managers can surpass the '£28,000 said to have been booked before the opening of tho "coalition season" of Italian opera at Covent Garden, iv which Patti, Titiens Nilnson, De Mnrsko, Mongini, and Santloy took part, the " highest bookings" ever known will hardly again have been reached A certain noble lord (who shall bo namo leas) during Jiia journey north on a political mission changed his coßtume for a full Highland "rig-out," intending it an i dolicato compliment to the land of the kilt- But, when he looked at himself in tho glow" ho found that tho tailor had cut his kilt too short; p.o he made up his mind to pat on evening dross Ho changed kin upnar garments, and then sat down for a few moments to study his speech. This sent him to sleep. He woke with a start, only to find himself running into tho station. Forgetting what had happened, he thrust on his hat, and appeared at the window bowing ; and this was how ho was dressed. Ho had a full -Highland costume as far as his waist, above wore a white shirt and swallow-tailed coat, and tho entire edifico was crowned with a chimnoy-pot hat, unon which he sat down without noticing it His lordship's horror when ho stopped unon th ß platform and folt the keen wind cuttW hfe Wo logs changed to absolute agony when his valet appeared, scrambling outl of th« carriage with a pair of trou ße rs in his hands, waving them wildly and exclaiming, "My; lord, my lord, you've forgotten these !" V Lord Aylesford's conncotion with the turf was quite as eccentric and disastrous £- that of the late Lord Lonsdalo. But «rW Joe," as he was familiarly termed, enjoyed far more fun for his money. His dealing" m horseflesh with Captain Machell worolf the most complicated nature, into tho mysteries of which the public have "orish* to inquire. Whether W^S" or Vanderdeoken was the best horse he ever owned is immaterial. But no oye-witne^ of his runaway race on the first-named at Stockbridge will ever forgot tho astonished look of dazed amazement his good-natum! face presented after winning that privatplv got-upafTair, in which Sir George ChoTwynT LordMelgund, Mr Reginald Herbert, and' Count Jarawewsky also took part. Tho high-couragedChandos was decidedly mas ter of the situation but his pilot showed far more control of him than " the Jar " dM of the fractious Knightley, who galloped all over the Downs with the plucky little for oigner.

" When 1 was at New Orleans " com. mencedthelittlethin-hai^d man. ' «w« this during the war?" "Well, I dunno, but News" y °WM alone-"-"Chcago

THE AUCKLAND EVENING STAR, SATURDAY, MAY % 1885.

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