STAR SATURDAY SUPPLEMENT

AUCKLAND, SATURDAY, AUGUST 26, 1882.

University Life at Cam bridge 30 Years Ago.

A Lecture by the Bishop of Auck land, Delivered iufoke tub V.M.C.A.

TnE Bishop began by saying that, in preparing his matter for the evening's lecture, ho bad in his mind an audi ence of young men, and young men who could not know much of the subject to be treated of, and to whom, therefore, it would not be unbecoming to state facts which might be considered truisms by older men, or by those who have been at an £nglish university, His subject was university life at Cambridge 30 years ago. Since those days very great changes, and nearly all for the better, had taken place in that univer sity. The number of undergraduates resi dent in the colleges was tbenjabout 1,700, the number at the present time being over 2,800. Every undergraduate had then to belong to one of the 17 colleges, bat this U not now the case. The colleges then, aa now, varied in size and reputation ; Trinity College—at which there were about 500 un dergraduates—being the largest, with the great Dr. Whewell, a king of men, for master. At chat college there were not rooms for all the undergraduates, so that many had to live in duly licensed lodgings. The Bishop's own college was the Law College of the University, the master being one of the judges, viz., Sir Herbert Jenner Fust, of whom it used to be irreverently said that the principle on which ho bestowed hia patronage was, "Fast come Fust served," The master of a college had very little to do with the undergraduates, and was rarely seen by them except in the college chapel, lie was the only person in college allowed to be married. Next to the master there were the fellows of the college, from whom the tutors were appointed. Fellows not holding college offices lived away from the university, being clergymen or barristers, or men following their own pursuits; the fellowship being on an average worth about £300 a year, in many cases without; duties attached, and tenable for life so long as a man did not marry. Next below the fellows wera the scholars, who were for the most patt appointed by competitive examination; scholarships averaging about £50 per annum in value. The Professors weie not so many in number as they are now; and as a rule only those who were obliged to attend their lectures, a comparatively small number, ever did so. Among the most distinguished of them 30 years ago were Dr. J. J. Blanc, one of the Professors of Divinity; the pre lent Sir Henry Sumner Maine; Profess oh Stokes and Uhallis, of mathematical re nown ; Henslow and Sedgwick, of botany and geology; and the late Sir James Stephen, of modern history. The Bishop then described an ordinary day's life at his own college, after stating that the under graduates had to be in residence from October to the end of May, excepting for a few weeks at Christmas and Easter, each such period being a University "year," three of whicb, together with a fourth October term, were required to ba kept by candidates for the B.A. degree.

" The day began'with the collego cbapel service—at which all the undergraduates were expected to be present—at seven o'clock, summer and winter. Those who preferred bed to chapel at so early an hour were not found fault with, go long as they appeared in their places on Sunday morn ing, and at the evening service on other days. The ordinary services consisted of morning or evening prayer, tbe lessons being read by the scholars in turn. It was not the custom to preach at the ordinary services. After chapel the boating men, cf w % hom I was one, took their run along the measured ruijo behind the College, to keep themselves in training. This we did, dressed in flunncl, in all weathers ; it being especially enjoyable in a snow-storm, inas much as it fostered the feeling of "spurning ■delicacies." About eight we had breakfast in our own rooms. A regular supply of bread and batter and milk, which went by the name of "commons," was brought to us morning and evening; everything eke we had to eat or drink at theae meals had to be got from outside tbe college, or ordered from the college kitchen and paid for separately. We commonly boiled the water and made our tea or coffee for our selves. It was nsnal for two or three men to club together and breakfast in each other's rooms in turn. Generally each undergraduate had two rooms'—a "keeping" room, as it was called, and a bedroom—and a man (called a " gyp ") and his wife (the "bedmaker") looked after all the sets of rooms on one staircase. After breakfast, at 10 generally, the under graduates had to attend lectures in mathe matics and classics in the college hall. These lectures were commonly of little help to the more advanced students, who were often excused from attendance, the lec turers having to lectnre down to the level of men who were blundering over the binomial theorem, or a Greek play, or something even more school-boyish. At 12, those who attended professors'lectures did, so, and generally the " reading " men (those who were studying for honours) went to their private tutors. It was these private tutors, to whom we went for an hour two or three times a week, and paid 7 or 14 guineas a term, according to attend ances, who did the main work of teaching. Some of these tutors, had a very large number of pupils, and were famous for training tbam year after year to take the highest places in the examinations. At 2 o'clock everybody, studious and idle alike, laid aside his cap aad gown, and entered upon his favourite recreation. The boating men—and of them I, as a boating man, am best able to speak—rowed down the river in their eight-oared boats regalarly between two and four, what ever the weather might be, except in summer, whan the time was between six and eight p.m. Strict discipline was kept in the boats, and regular rowing necessi tated temperate living. Bowing was the least expensive of the athletic sports, and on that account partly was the most peDU lar. The cricketers incurred many inciden tal expenses, and only men with money could keep horseo. Among those who rowed in the same boat with myself was the present Postmaster-General of Great Britain, Mr Fawcett, who distin guished bimsdf as much m mathematical learning as he did in boating. It has been sometimes feared lest university training might make men unpractical in after life, I have found the opposite to be the result. The more thoroughly you educate a man, the easier does

he find it to adapt himself to all circumstances. It will bo al lowed that Mr Fawcett is practical enough when we read that he made the Post-otlico yield seven million pounds to the revenue of Great Britain last year. Another practical man who pulled in the same boat, was the late Sir William Pallisor, who aid much to improve the shot and shell of tho British army and navy. Another waa Leslie Stephen, of literary fame. On their return from rowing, it v»;is time for dinner io the College Hall, where there was a high table, at which the fellows sat. On a lower level were the lone tables of the scholars, and of the general body of underfgraduates technically colled "pensioners." Our fare was plain, good, and abundant, wholesome joints of beef and mutton, accompanied by draughts of toast and water out of old fashioned silver mugs. Beer and all luxuries were called " sizinjs," and could be had su extras and paid for separately. After diniiir the undergraduates met in one another's rooms for social converse, which commonly lasted until the chapel boll rang at 6 for evening prayers. At those social meetings, held daily, much of the most permanent g-'od effected by college life was done, Men interchanged opinions freely, and discussed all points Of interest then uppermost in the minds of young men in the early prime of life. It was customary to provide wine and dessert at these meetings, but intemper ance was never seen at them. After even ing chupcl tho studious men sat down to their books for three, four, or five hours' steady reading." To obtain a B.A. degree, in those days, a man had to pass two University examina tions, besides those of hii own college The first of these took placo in tbe fifth term of residence, and the second in the tenth term. Among the subjects of the former of these examinations, the Mttlego, were eno of the Hospeln in Greok, Palcy's "Evidences," aad Old Testament Hintory. At the final examination for an ordinary B.A. degree, the tollo»iu« wera among the subjects : .Fourteen chapter* of the Acts of the Apostles, and one of the longer Epi9tlea In Greek. The final exami nations for h-raours in mathematics, or classics, wero in special subject*l, and tho.se who were successful were arranged, according to merit, in three c^as«cs, which were culled a " tripos." The first class of tho mathematical tripos were called wranplers, of whom the first was called " Senior vVrangler "of the year. There is to be no senior wranglers after this year, it is saa to fay, bat all will be arranged in cIaMM alphabetically. The last man in the 3rd clas-f of mathematical honours in each year was known at tho "wooden spoon." Among those who took their B, A. degree at the same time with Bishop Cowie were three other Bishops to V, viz., those now of Rupert's Land, Batburst, and Pretoria.

Aftc an interral, during which Mho Purchas, Mies Corbclt and the Mi«ne« K>mpthorne played and sang, the Bishop, on returning, gave an account of an undergraduate's Sunday in those <Ja>s. It brgan with the chapel service af. 8, not commonly accompanied by a sermon. At the Bishop's college most of the Fellows were laymen, but even when this was not the case, sermons in chapel were not common. The Sunday breakfast was a great institution. Six, eight, or more friends would coraraqply meet .for that meal, each contributing his "commons," and the host one or more "dishes" from the college kitchen; and as there were no lectures to be attended, they would sit on and talk afterwards to near mid-day. Then came a saunter, with some'ehosen companion, through the grand old elms along the river Bide at the backs of the colleges, ending at 2, when the bells of Great St. Mary's rang for the University sermon. During term time famous preachers were always appointed to preach this sermon; which was not preceded by any " service," and often lasted nearly, or quite, an hour. In those days there were huge h<nvy galleries, in which the undergraduates sa fa. St, Mary's, the " heads " ot col egei sitting apart in another gallery (called from them the " Gol gotha ") in the chancel arch, and the grad. uates and general public occupying the floor. The most favourite preacher* at that time were the present Bishop of Carlisle (Harvey Goodwin), and the present Dean of Man chester (a senior wrangler). In November, 1854, the preacher was the late Bishop Sel wyD, then home f om New Zealand after twelve yeats' sojourn in this colony. Hid name had been famons since his boyhood at Eton; and he was more thought of by the undergraduates as a late University oar than as a Bishop of the Cannibal Islands, as he was jocularly styled, Every corner of the grand church was filler! when •' the great Bishop," as Kebte called him, came to preach. It was a time of much excitement and some anxiety. One of the four sermons was preached on the Sunday after the news of the battle of Inkerman reached England ; and the Bishop, as his 'friends would sup pose, made good nse of hia opportunity. The Bishop's earnest manner and grand countenance produced a wonderful effect on his hearers, many of whom regarded him as some hero of romance, having for years heard of his swimming feats at Eton, his rowing on the Cam and the Thames, and his daring cruises among the Melaocaian islands in the little Undine, a schooner of 21 tons, unarmed, and visiting men whose language he conld not speak. On that memorable Sunday he told the crowded congregation that as soon as the slaughter of Inkerman became known, the Commander-in-Chief was beseiged by applications from young men tbronghoutthe United Kingdom for commissions in the army. He said that the Archbishop ot Canterbury ought to be applied to in like manner by young church men desirous of filling vacancies in the missionary ranks of the church. One result of that appeal was that a distinguished mathematician, the second wrangler of his year, the late Bishop Mackenzie,offered himself for work in South Africa, where he, before very long, died at his post, of fever. After the University sermon on Sunday afternoon,thosft who had been to the church sauntered about the colleges until 4 o'clock, dianer time, after which there was the usual social meeting at wine and desaertun til evening chapel at 6. All were required to attend that service, delinqnents being fined and "gated," that is, forbidden to be outside the college gates after a specified time for several days following ; the ordinary hour at which all had to be within the w»lls being 10 o'clock. After evening chapel there was a general rush, on the part of those who cared for such things,to attend some one or other of the town churches, to hear gsome favourite

preacher; tho Wov. liarvey Goodwin (now Bishop of Carlisle) baing tho great attraction. Ho was, moreover, at that time, one of the chief mathematical tutors of the University. The crowd of undergraduates leathered like a swarm of bees outside tho chief door of St. Edward's Church, waiting quietly until the hymn before the sermon was given out. Then they poured in closely packed, but without noise.like the rising tide, until overy available space was occupied, even up to the top of the pulpit stair-case—as soon as the preacher had sliut his door, lie was one of that dais of preachers who preach because they have something to Ray, and not because they hare to say something. Harvey Goodwin's sermons were not specially characterised by learning or elo quence, but by common sense and plain speaking, flavoured with humour. In tbe preface to a volume of these sermons, afterwards published, he said of sermon writing, as near us I can remember, " a man of good abilities, by taking pain:*, may writo one good sermon a week; a very superior man may write two; anybody can preach three." Hundred* ot thousands of Eujilish-speiiking people throughout the Hritiah Empire have been indirectly influenced, and doubtless bcnclited, by those wonderful sermons eagerly listened to by hundreds ol thoughtlul young men, who have since become preachers of the Gospel. After Harvey Good win's sermon, many used to go to the Union—the great University CLub—where they wrote their hoiuu letters, to mothers, and sinters, and cousin*, a Sunday occupa tion which Bishop Cowie warmly com mended for imitation t<> members of the V.M.C.A. wnen away from home.

Discipline was maintained in the Uni versity : outside the college walls, by two ollieers, called proctors, graduates of the standing ot Masters of Arts, who wont about the town, chiefly »ltor uark, in cap and gowu, accompanied by two burly and long-legged attendanis, known as "bull dogs," who were often seeu in full cry after some undorgradnate who had ventured beyond the college walls uuattircd in uni vorsity dress. After other milder ponaltics for the breach of college or uuiversity laws, an undergraduatt) was sometimes "sent down " for ono or moro terms. This punißh meat was known as rustication ; the Uni versity town boine, parcmiaencs, the oppo site t» " country." From the beginning of June to the end of October, Cambridge used to be nearly deserted, comparatively few students being allowed to remain in college during that time the long vacation. Indeed, some of the colleges were virtually closed for the greater part of that time. Men reading for honours used commonly to form parties, under the direction of a tutor,-often a young Fellow not much their senior,—aud take ladings at some seaside place in 'England, Scot land, or France, where, for two or three months, they would combine study with amusement. The average eosc of the Uni versity course at Cambridge 30 years ago was about £100 a year. M«ny undergradu ates cost their t'riends much loss, especially when helped by scholarships; and many spent a great deal more. It was much to the credit of a young man in those days to leave the University, after ten terms, free of debt, if possessed of only small means; an unlimited credit was allowed by tailors and other tradesmen, and great inducements to extravagance were held out to those whose friends were known to be possessed of money. With all its defects, an English University course in those days was a grand preparation for after life, even though a man took away little knowledge of classics or mathematics that could be turned to direct account. The r.ourso was commonly fatal to bigotry, nar rowness, pedantry, and provincialism generally; a high sense of honour was universally cherished ; manliness in all its forms was encouraged; and not a little strengthening of the faith was experienced by thousands who saw before their eyes quiet Christian profession and work, com bined with deep learning.and its attendant, humility.

The Vacant Seat.

One morning a week or two back, a nice young man got into a car on the Dayton Shore Line Railroad, and saw to his delight the only vacant seat was by the side of a young lady acquaintance. He reached for the seat with joyous strides, and her eyes answered his delighted looks. But just as he got there an elderly party from the other end of the car waltzed up the aisle and dropped into the coveted seat. The young roan approached more slowly, and accosted the young lady, "How is your brother?" he asked, "Ishe able to get out ?" "Oh, yes," she said. "Will he be very badly marked ?" he continued, and the old geatle man grew suddenly interested. " Oh, no," said the fair deceiver; " with the exception of a few small pits on his forehead, you would never know he had ever had it," " Were you not afraid of taking it ?" the young man went on, while the old gentle man broke out in a cold perspiration. "Not at all," she replied, " I have been vacci nated, you know." The seat was vacated instantly, two young hearts beat as half-a -dozen, and the prattle of "nice talk" strewed that part of the car, while a grey haired old wan scowled upon them from the hard accommodation of the wood-box.

All Bad Together.

Mr. Charles Downes, innkeeper, of Hayton, Leicestershire, who was fined one pound and costs by the magistrates at Ludlowon Monday, can hardly complain thatheh»s been treated with any undue severity. The offence of which he was guilty was that of supplying four little boys, aged nine years or thereabouts, with six penny worth of rum, a quart of_ ale, a pint of cider, pipes, and tobacco. It is satisfactory to know that the children themselves paid the penalty of their rash indulgence, all having beeu made ill, whilstone, in addition received a flogging; so that this first de bauch is hardly likely to have left a. very pleasant impression upoo their minds. But what is to be said of the man who, for the sake of his miserable profit on the articles he sold, allowed these infants to he half poisoned in this fashion ? If the fine had been twenty timea as large, the amount would have been trivial in comparison with the offence committed. We can only hope that the facts will be borne in mindjwhen in due course this worthy applies I for a renewal of hia license,

An Extraordinary Story.

The mysterious disappearance of a young girl, of 14, at Tisza Eszlar, in the Theiss district of Hungary, telegraphs the Vienna correspondent of the "Times," U still the cause of considerable excitement in the neighbourhood. She was missed about two months ago. Some weeks afterwards a report was circulated that she had boen murdered by the Jews, in order, a= the popular superstition will have it in all these parts of Europe, to leaven th« Easter bread with her blood. The authorities, who were thus first made aware of the disappearance, instituted an inquiry, at which a;:, oung Jewish boy, the son of one of the attendants at tho synagogue, gave a de tailed account of having, through the key hole of the synagogue door, seen her killed byioveral butchws, according to the Jewith rites. It w»s prowd that she had been last seen at the synagogue. Upon t'ds the chief men named fry the boy wereurr. sed. In spite of tho most careful search, and al though a reward of 5,000 florins was offered, not a traco of her could be found. A lew d»ys ago the corpse of a woman was found floating in tbe Theiss. An inquest was held, which has only made the matter more mysterious. It was reported that the body had been identified by the mother of the missing girl ns her daughter's but this is now contradicted. There will be much ex citement until the inquest has been conclu ded and the result is known.

How he Threw her Love Away.

" I do not believe you." Ethclbert McGuire winced as Myrtle Hathaway spoke these words—cruel, bi'tor words, that seemed to tear his very soul us he stood there in thu gloaming, the time of silence and shadows. The swallows were twittering among the leaves in iheir noisy way, the ice cream lairs were casting their baleful light across the broud thoroughfare, from which the rattle, the roar, and iho crash of life in a great city had but just de parted.

" You cannot moan it, Myrtle," the young man says, his voice choked with emotion. "You surely cannot doubt my word—the word of one to •whom yon have pliglucd your troth, and in whose life your futare is bound up." . "But I do not mean it," replies thn girl "although God knows my life would he brighter, better, happier, were it not so, I have loved you with a strong, country butter love that has become a part of my very existence. And it is when I hnvc taught my heart to beat responsive to your every word, when I have come to btlieve in you with all the passionate trustfulness of a woman's nature, that you come to me, and here on this beautiful June evening, when tho heavens are panoplied with stare, and the air is balmy with rose«, you say to me that you have never bet ova horse-rac: —you tell mo this solemnly and earnestly, knowing that my heart will not let me iudgo hnrihly any action of yours. No, Ethelbert; I love you with a maddening, ninoty-days-or-ten ■ per - cent • off- for - cash trust that is beyond compare, but I cannot let you abuse that trust, lam but a girl—a sensitive, passionate,one-bustle-and-a-four dollar-bang-girl, but I am not a chump '— and Myrtle turned to enter the pa lour. "Bat I swear it!" exclaimed Ethelbert. I swear to you that I would not bet four dollars against ten that Maud S. could beat three minutes."

" You would not?" asked the girl, " No," was the reply, " I would not bet on anything."

" Thrn," said tho girl, speaking slowly, and with grave tenderness, " you lnul better head for the aate. I can never place my happiness and chances for-spring bon net* ia tno hnuds of a man who would let so sure a thing as that get away."

SELECTED POETRY.

THE FATE OF TOMATO KHAN.

Old Ragbag Boy, a venerable man, Arose ono morn and to hia servant said: " Send hither, slave, my son Tomato Khan- It, by tho prophet s beard, he's out of bed." Tomato Khan respondod in all ha3to,.

And, kneeling on tho earth before his siri». Kissed thrice his feet, and, clinging to his waist, " Why hast thou called!" politely did inquire.

" Mush Allah!" cried tho old man in a breath, " Our country ia in dire complaint, I see, On every hand is desolation, death, And she demands a sacrifice of mo. From Amel Teiba unto Boghar's well, From Batna's palms to Oudig's sandy plain, I hear tho stirring trumpet sound its call, Tho clash of arms, and war's intense refrain.

"IBlnd on this scimitar, my son, and go' This day to Moghar on thy dauntless steed; Join thou the army of the Faithful; snow

Thy zeal for Allah in thy|country's need!" Tomato Khan then bound on Ragbag's sword; His love, the fair Aminie. begged him stay; In vain the maiden wept, in vain implored, Tomato Khan utroda on his vongoful way.

Ho did not dio as Ragbag hoped he ini<*ht, Nor aa Aminie thought a warrior should ; He did not perish In tho field in fight. No Christian hands aro reeking with his blood. Kicked by a mule he foil at Sneoz-el-Snuf, A cheap Arabian mule, a vulgar beast; Ho faintly murmured. " Allah, this is rough I" And then the throbbings of his sick heart ceased.

So for his country died Tomato Khan, A youth equipped for great, chivalric scenes; Dead by a mulo, a martyred glorious mau; A patriot; tho end doth glorify the means. A mausoleum hath old Ragbag built Aa tribute to Tomato Khan's brave deeds ; At morn, at night, his bitter tears aro spilt, Whilo fairfAminio wears a widow's weeds. —From the Denver " Tribune."

A POEM BY GARIBALDI.

Capreba. [ Translation. ]

Caprbra, Dec. 13,1876. Upon thy granite peaks—not in the depths Or royal palaces—l feel the breath Of liberty—oh, my lone isle, Caprora! Thy bushes are my park—and unadorned But safe alodgment thy imposing mass Gives me, untainted by the servile crowd. Thy few inhabitants are rough and rude As the stern rocks that formed thy darkling

crown, And like them, proud—disdain to bend the knee. The running hurricane inthia retreat, Whore slave nor tyrant finds a resting place, la my solo concert.. Horrid are thy paths, Bat by the rolling wheel of insolence I am not crushed.noria my.puro brow Splashed by vile mud. Far from all lies, I hera The infinite contemplate: and when my eye- Forerun by thought—circles the spaces vast, To the recesses of this azure dome That worlds encloses, to the infinite Intelligence—l turn with deepening sense Of gratitude (illegible). For it beßtowed upon me the immortal spark Which makes me over kin to the Eternal. G. GAHIBALDr. —Frpm the London "Telegraph."



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