STAR SATURDAY SUPPLEMENT.

AUCKLAND, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1882.

THE LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JOHN MARMON, THE HOKIANGA PAKEHA MAORI; OR, SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS IN NEW ZEALAND.

CHAPTER XVI,

[ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.!

Honci, soon after this resolution to recom mence hostilities, left for Whangaroi to get some more recruits for his great army. Ho had determined to spare no trouble or effort completely to wipe out from- existence tho unfortunate Ngatipoas ; and his ambition was to carry to the Thames the finest army ever seen in New Zealand. In this latter he was successful. Never hod such a body of men left any part of the Islands so thoroughly disciplined and equipped iv every way as that which under this Maori Napoleon sailed front Whangaroa in great wax-canoes for the Thames. Four thousand warriors, of whom ono thousand were armed with muskets, comprised his force, and ho had besides numerous tohungas and camp-followers to swell the train. Amidst furious war-dances, shouts, and firing of muskets, the fleet bote out from Whanga roa, having again been confirmed in their confidence of victory by consulting the gods through me. There was a chance here of getting spoil and wealth, and although I did not intend to fight, yet I intended always to be present at the division of .the booty. A vast fleet we were as wo passed Pateua, on the coast near Whangarei, where Hongi was strongly inclined to land and take utu from the Ngatiwhatuas here for their murder of Te Eaharaha, and we were increased as we approached Mah_urangi and Whangaparoa, where tire early Maori colonists from Hawaiki, in the canoes Tainui and Arawa, landed and peopled the north of New We rounded the long North Head, passed rugged Rangitoto, and viewed the placid stretch of the Wai temata, reaching away seemingly to tho dark Waitakerci ranges on the horizon, as well as the open Hauraki Gulf, down which our course lay. We passed the island of Waiheki, and bore down the Gulf, whose sides were flanked by hills sloping down 'to the very water's edge. _It was a lovely morning when our fleet sailed down on its mission of slaughter. Nature seemed decked in her fairest garb of beauty. How soon was all the peaceful beauty to be disturbed by the din of war and the sliriek of the dying 1 I was in Hongi's own canoe, seated near him, and occasionally varied the weary sameness of our voyage by sing ing some stirring Maori song or repeating some powerful incantation to put spirit into the weak-hearted. It was an animatedi scene. Already we were within hostile country, and every warrior was makihg preparation for the coming strife. Tho war-paint on their faces and bodies was renewed, arms were inspected aud tried, adornments placed most conspicuously, everything, in fact, done to evince to the Ngatipoas how great a tribe was the Nga puhi. £*____. length we landed at a place called Tararu, and prepared to complete our journey on foot, wliile the canoes) went on towards the Kauaerauga Creek, which had to be crossed ere we could reach the great pah of the Ngatipoas, at Totara. The country was exceedingly broken. The hills were sloping down to the very water's edge. A heavy bush and scrub covered the entire country, growing heavier as it approached the gullies, running deep into the heart of successive ranges of hills.! Accordingly we selected, the shore as the best road to march, not knowing also but that some ambuscade might lurk in the undergrowth to cut off stragglers. We were a goodly company, and when march-, ing twenty abreast presented a most im posing and martial appearance, though the amount'of howling and shouting indulged 'in by the braves to express their impatiouce at the delay of a battle, and the havoc they would make of all enemies of Hongi, would not exactly have seemed in accordance with'the stricter discipline of a European army. Still the Maori naturally is a strate gist as well as an engineer (as was proved to the boasting Europeans in the war of 1844-4?), and Hongi certainly was one of the best of them, having the art of turning to account circumstances the most trivial and accidental. His men were thoroughly under his controlnow, andhecouldmovcand work themas easilyasone could a machiup. I could not but look at him as he marched in front ot all with his musket ready primed, anxious to be the first to draw blood, and feel that had he been a white man he might have eclipsed Buonaparte hi the rapidity and originality of his tactics.* Hinaki and the Ngatipoas meantime had not been idle. Whenever the news came that the I'ong-expected canoes were at last in sight, they immediately put the finishing touches to the defences of the pah, carved a few more ghastly heads and stuck them on poles to represent sentinels, then leaving only a chosen band in the pah, posted themselves on the bank of the river to dispute the passage with Hongi. Hinaki had by no means the genius of Hongi, but he was an infinitely braver and finer manH The latter was a coward when he had hof his firearms with him, the former rejoiced to rush into the thickest of the fight with only his mere in his hand. The one was a hero, the other was a planner only fit to act when danger was overt At last Hinaki and Hongi were face to face on the flat ground beside the Kauae ranga RiveivJ A great battle was im minent ; both could not live. Each leader recognised this, and encouraged hismen iv jiis own way. It was a time of excitement to all. I retired very much to the rear, in order to be out of the way Of the bullets, and, as I asserted, to repeat my most powerful spells for the success of my tribe. I retired also to a spot where I could sec all that went on. fTho two armies were somewhat differently arranged. Hongi had drawn his men up in thetform of a T, with orders to open out if there was any chance of bcin" surrounded. Hinaki, on the other hand, had simply massed his in ft double line, relying apparently upon a hand-to hand combat to decide the day. The battle commenced with a furious volley from the Ngapuhis, which apparently did very little damage, replied to by a more effective shower of stones, and arrows, and spears, from the Ngatipoas. Then Hinaki

flung his left wrag against Hongif right, while with his own right ho strove to attack his opponent in the flank. It was a cleverly executed mancenvre, and seemed for a time to confuse Honci, especially as immediately after this Hinaki with his centre hurled himself against the centre of the Ngapuhis."l The chief of the Ngatipoas was a man ofsplendid form and indomitable courage and perseverance; he fought like a tiger, and pressed theNgati. pubis step by step back despite their most determined exertions. I feared much for my friends', the battle seemed most doubt ful ;if it were lost farewell to my rcputtw tion as a tohunga. 'But ere long the firearms bef>an to tell on the Ngatipoas. Hongi himself always fought with live of^ them carried by four men whose sole work was to load for him. Again and again had he striven to bring down Hinaki, but although successful in wounding him twice it seemed to have no efl'ect in sUying the prowess of the chief. At last a bullet shattered the brave Ngatipoan's thigh, and brought him to the ground. Instantly the blood-thirsty Ngapuhi rushed forward witli a fiendish yell of triumph and scooped out with his knife the eyes of his enemy, and swallowed them, to give him the coinage of the fallen foe. Not content also with this ho buried his mere in the dying chief's neck and lapped his warm blood as it spouted from the gaß.y" Bravo, Iloligi, you have gained your end at last. But the battle was by no means over. The Ngatipoas were so far from giving way that they had entirely defeated Hongi's right win?, and were advancing to assist the centre. This Hougi saw must at any cost be avoided as it would cut his army into two, therefore, with the speed of lightning giving his men the order to form thoni selvcs into a vast wedge, at the point of which he placed himself; he drove right through the Ngatipoa lines, divided them into two instead, and after a few minutes of sharp lighting completely defeated his opponents, who lied in all directions across Kauaerauga towards their ah at Totara, at the mquth of the Thames, pursued by the victorious Ngapuhis, who shot them down without pity. The battle of Kauaerauga had been fought and won, and although dearly bought was the greatest triumph of Hongi's career. He always referred to it as the most fairly fought held he had been engaged in, and longed always to find foes who would light as determinedly as-did tli Nuatipoas. But the scene on the battle field was not over. It was an idea amongst the Maoris that the eyes of a dying or a lately dead warrior will impart to him who Hwallows them the courage of the possessor. Therefore parties of rangatiras were busily engaged in gouging out the eyes of the fallen, hoping thereby to rival Hongi in his great deeds. The Ngatipoa loss had been very heavy, about seven hundred men being killed, amongst whom were the two brothers of Hinaki, who fell striving to avenge his death. Such a'quantity of good food must not be permitted to be devoured by the birds or beetles. Accordingly ovens were instantly prepared, over three hundred dead bodies were roasted, and a splendid feast celebrated in honour of the victory, from which a portion was set apart for the gods, that they also might share in the good things that were going. I Aid Hongi the gods had been fighting for him, that Maui had been speeding each bullet to its mark, at which he was so gratified that taking off his own hcitaki he put it round my neck saying "Success, aud the favour of the gods go with the brave-hearted." All night long that feast was kept up, which the defenders of the Totara Pah, situated upon a lofty hill, could overlook, and burn with indignation to avenge. All night long \ the fires blazed, round which bands of I warriors discussed tbe events of the day;' boasted how many they had slain with their own hand, foretold how great would be their prowess on the morrow, when the Totara Pah would be attacked, or sang songs of old heroes and rangatiras. Little sleep was enjoyed by either parly that night. We feared lest tho defcudcrs of the pah should sally out on us ; they, as we afterwards found, lest we should make a midnight attack on them. Our mutual fear then kept us awake, my fear chiefly being that any one should acquire the share of good, falling to me, on the stripping of the remaining bodies to-morrow. Let us grow rich by every means we can ; if we can securely and secretly make away with a millionaire who has made us his heir why hesitate ? It will only be a step taken a few years earlier, perhaps, for him, and certain fortune for you. /"When day broke we prepared to com mence our attack upon the pah. It was situated, I have said, on a precipitous hill inaccessible on three sides, presenting a really wonderful work of engineering, as it had been strengthened by Wooden piles in every imaginable way, and rendered more Impregnable. It was a most formidable task to attempt its capture, and when Hongi learned that it was defended by tour hundred of the brayest of the Nga tipoas besides what had retreated to it after the battle, he desired to sec if he could not effect a possession by an easier method than another battle. His own loss, though he had tried to conceal it, had boen very severe, and he could ill throw away men when he was in the very heart of the enemy'scountry. If hecouldget by stratagem what he might not get by force all would be well, therefore pretending friendship and admiration for so brave a tribe he offered them their liberty if they would conclude a treaty of peace with him and acknowledge him as their head. Toough there were many opposing (Voices to an arrangement full of such danger, and although further warned by their tohunga, who pronounced the single word kiatupato in caution, the majority were determined to take Hongi at at his word and conclude a treaty of peace with him, admitting him at tho same time within the pah. This was done, and the Ngapuhis, to the number of two hundred and their leader, were received into a place which they never would have entered by force.''/ Ah, Ngatipoas! you have fallen into atrap now.'an ill day was it for you when you received the Ngapuhi behind the mounds of Totava. T* Outwardly there seemed perfect reconci liation between the two tribes so lately at one -another's throats. Another great feast was commenced upon the dead. Dances and wrestling matches were indulged in ; the young females of the tribe were sent as a present for the time to the warriors of-the Ngapuhis, and there seemed a possibility of a lasting peace being established between the two enemies,/ But I noticed Hongi was abseut-minded and silent. He seemed to have something on his mind which he de sired to impart to mc, for he called me away from the others to walk with him

round the pah, At last it came out. He told me that the Ngatimams and the Ngatipoas were sworn allies; that when he departed they would uuite- and seek utu for the slain kinsmen iv the Kauaeranga battle, that this would undo all the work he had done, and that lie had determined this night wheu the inmates of the pah were asleep to put every Ngatipaoa to the sword. He wished to know what was the will of heaven on the subject. Now I knew that the will of heaven meant the will of Hongi, and that should any obstacle be placed in the way of the execution of his plan, very likely I would be the next victim. Of course, therefore, when we retired to the wa/ii tapu of the Ngatipoas and there consulted the spirits, an answer was returned to his mind, and he returned to his men fully convinced that of all tohunga* I was the one who could gctmost favourable responses from the gods. . That night when a universal rstillness reigned over the pah. when the Thames river was peacefully glidiug along in the moonlight, when the only sound breaking, the hush was the cry of the hui or morepok in the bush, a great cry broke on the night like the despairing yell'ol" all the damned, and a scene of the wildest confusion suc ceeded to one of perfect peace. Hongi and his men were canying out the project of slaughter. Men, women, and children were mercilessly killed ; fugitives in trying to escape only dashed against an outer circle of savage Ngapuhis thirsting for their blood. Bravery was of no avail against an unseen foe that poured a fatal leaden hail into any band ol warriors inclined to rally and make a stand. In tin hour's time not a Ngatipaoa was left alive. Hongi had taken a most effectual way to avoid further trouble with them. From that day to this the Totara pah has been without inmate and the name of Ngatipaoa was wiped out from the Hauraki territory. After this slaughter was over and Hongi had expressed himself as satisfied with the result, all the warriors assembled round me in ranks three deep, each headed by a tohunga. Every victor had plucked away from ids victim a lock of hair which they had stuck in their girdles and now brought with them when they came to thank the gods for victory and to ask help for the future. I was standing in the wahi tapu or sacred grove to receive the offerings of the warriors. When our preliminary karakias had been finished, eacli brave gave to the tohunga of his hapu a.piece of the hair taken from the enemy, which he tied upon small twigs of koromiko. He then raised these above his head whilst he offered a karakia of thanksgiving, after which, tossing them away, he invited the warriors to join him in npuha or war-song. At this time, being (juite naked, they struck the palms of their hands together, and then nibbed them on their thighs to remove tho defilement of human blood. Then wheeling round they approaohed me where I stood, and I greeted them with this salutation, I haere mai i hea tc tc.rc o Tv ? (whither comes tho war-party of Tv), to which each tohunga replied : From the seeking of blood comes the war-party of Tu. As tho baud came nearer to me each warrior gave the remaining portion of the hah.of the slain to his tohunga. He brought it forward to. mc, and I offered it up to Tc Mara with many prayers. The ceremony was concluded by my takii i<' off them the pureiuga or sacredncss of fight, so that they could now cat, weep over their relations, aud sleep. After tins came the invariable tupeke or war dance, whilst the slaves were preparing another feast. Some readers may think it a peculiar thing that I a, pakeha and a stranger should be raised to such a high honour as chief tohunga of the Ngapuhi tribe. It must be recollected that although lineage was greatly regarded amongst the Maoris it was not by any means the'sole requisite in rank and reputation. A slave or a common native could aspire to the rank of Ariki or Tohunga, if his abilities were of a sufficient order to entitle him to it, as was proved in the case of Te Heulicu of Taupo; also if he seemed to be a special favourite with the gods or spirits of Te Keinga, as evinced by his success in evocation and prophecy, he might claim the coveted honour. I had become a Maori as far as I could possibly do so. I had renounced the religion of the mtkehas and had embraced that of the Maori, this alone would have entitled me to consideration, but when I had returned from Te Keinga to leave which even Maui had failed, as runs the legend, when I could call up the spirits, and be so filled with the power of the gods as to subdue people to my will as I chose, I was truly a tohunga to be propitiated at any cost lest I should turn the force of my curses against my friends. The campaign to tho Thames was over. After interring the bones of our friends and holding a great tangi over them, we com menced our return to the Bay elated with the success of an expedition which was to render Hongi's name celebrated and dreaded throughout the entire North Island. The prisoners whom we had taken in battle were conveyed along with us, and we were moreover laden with the spoils of the Nga tipaoa, highly polished pounamu meres and ornaments, beautifully wrought mats, carved weapons, and tattooed heads. These were the property of the chief, to reward as he chose the bravery of his followers.

(To be continual.)

Promises to Marry.

A suit for breach of promise of marriage lias been brought to trial in Canada that involves some points of general interest. John Faulkner, a bachelor, owning property to the amount of forty or fifty thousand dollars, promised to marry Mrs Jane Till ton, a widow, whose husband had been one of his tenants ; and a written memorandum of the agreement was drawn up, and a day set for the ceremony. Very soon, however, Faulkner seems to have repented of his'step, and when the day appointed for the marriage arrived he was not ready to proceed, and the ceremony had to be postponed. He was always unprepared to enter upon matrimony when the decisive moment arrived; but Mrs Tillson was always ready.

Finally he seems to'have struck upon the idea of treating her in such a rude and in sulting manner in the presence of other persons that it would be impossible for hor to submit to it without degradation. She ttiscpntitnicd her efforts to bring the mar riage about, and commenced suit against him for breach of promise, claiming damages in the sum of §5000.

Faulkner did not improve in his offensive behaviour toward the plaintiff after the suit was instituted; but when the case was called in court for trial he took the whole

foundation from under her feet by offering, through his counsel, then and there to marry her. It was plainly impossible for her at that stage or' their relations, with any sense of decency or self-respect, to accept this offer; and yet the Judge was forced to say that he did not see .how the suit could be maintained under the exist ing law, if she declined it. Breach of promise law, as frequently laid down in the courts, is peculiar in this re spect, In other contracts, if there.is reiusal to perform, and suit for damages for the breach is commenced, an offer to carry out the agreement is then too late; but a different rule has been enunciated in re spect to contracts of marriage. The plaintiffs counsel argued that the defendaut, by his intolerable conduct, had made it impossible for her to accept his offer at that stage, and tJiat this distin guished the case from others.; but Judge Cameron doubted the soundness of the dis tinction. , "Moreover," .said he in effect, "the meaner you prove flus defendant to have been, the less damage do you prove, and the weaker do you mako your ground for recovering a verdict. You sue for damages incurred by this man's refusal to marry the plaintiff. ' In the first place, he say he is willing to marry, ami in the second place you will show him to have behaved so contemptibly that if he persisted in his refusal it ought to be regarded as a benefit rather than an injury to her." The plain tiff's counsel argued' that his client lost a share in tho defendant's property, to which she would have been entitled as his wife. The Judge, however, adhered to this view of the case, and although ho finally allowed it to go to trial, it was with instructions to the jury that caused them very speedily to bring in a verdict for the defendant. It has often been said that breach of promise suits ought not to be favoured, and .recent action of the House of Commons "shows that such is the sentiment 'enter tained by a large proportion of Englishmen. But the answer to this—and a sufficient one—has been that there ought to be some remedy for the injury that may be done.to a confiding woman by a faithless man, who, after permitting her to wait for years in the belief that he would fulfil a promise to many her, heartlessly forsakes her. If, however, the view of the law taken by Judge Cameron is correct, it is clearly in the power of any man, ii he be sufficiently mean, to break such a promise and still avoid legal liability for it. When he gets ready to discard the woman to whom lie lias pledged his faith, he need only begin a course of such cruel conduct toward her as no woman can endure ; and if this does not suffice to free Mm, he can flatly refuse to fulfil his promise, compel her to begin suit, wait until the case is ready for trial, and offer to comply with his contract then, but in so contemptuous and offensive a manner as would forbid the acceptance of the offer. The more outrageous his behaviour the weaker the cause of action against him.

It may be said that in one sense Judge Cameron is right, and that a woman ought to be glad to escape marrying such a fellow; but it cannot be denied that if he disguises his true character and leads her to wait for him until other matrimonial chances arc practically lost, she has been subjected to injustice for which there ought to be some remedy, oven if it be by way of punishing him rather than of compensation to her.' Many women would never think of seeking redress for such a wrong in the Courts, yet there may be cases in which they ought to have the right to do so. As society is constituted, the prospect of marriage is more important to the average woman than any business venture to the average man, but it i^jclearly not so well protected in law.

Effects of Removing Mountain Forests.

ATTENTION has long been given to devising means to limit the ravages of these torrents, which ruin the laud, threaten estates, destroy roads, and sometimes even comp romise the existence of villages. Walls have been built along the banks to protect them, or across the streams to allay the force of the waters. The most efficacious means, however, as yet discovered has been to maintain the woods on the slopes. of tbe mountains. The effect of cutting away the trees in promoting the formation of torrents has not been doubted by the inhabitants of mountainous regions, and is clearly set forth by M. Surrefl, who says, "When we examine the tracts in the midst of which torrents of recent origin have been formed, we perceive that they have in all cases been despoiled of their trees and bushes. If, on the other hand, we examine hills whose sides have been recently stripped of Avood, we observe that they are cut up by numerous torrents, which have evidently been formed very lately. Here is a remarkable double fact: Wherever there are recent torrents there are no longer forests, and wherever the ground is cleared these torrents are formed ; and the same eyes that see the woods fall on the declivity of a mountain may see appear there immediately a multitude of torrents." Tho disastrous consequences of removing the woods from the Alps began to attract attention in the last century, and have since been discussed in many publi cations .and official reports. In ISO 3 the prefect of the department of the Lower Alps said, in a report to the Minister : " If prompt and energetic measures are not taken it will be almost possible to designate the precise moment when the French Alps will become a desert. The period from l§r>l to 18S3 will produce a new diminution iii the number of the population. In 180'_? the Minister will remark a continuous and progressive reduction in the number of hectares devoted to. agriculture; eacli year will aggravate the evil, and in a half-century France will count more ruins and one de partment less. The departments of the Upper and Lower Alps actually lost :>O,OOO inhabitants, or one-ninth of their population between IS*>l and IS7G. A law for re covering the mountains with wood, which had been prepared by M. Forgade tie liou guet, director-general of the administration of the forests, was adopted by the "legis lative bodies in ISGO, and was put in operation shortly afterward. —ill. J. Clcc,:, in Popular Science Monthly.



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