LIFE IN ENGLAND TWO CENTURIES AGO:

A Chapter in English Social History,

[By J. D. Davis:]

SECTION XI,

KNOWLEDGE OV THE HEALING ART. The progress made during tho last two centuries is nowhere more apparent than in the art of medicine. Ignorance, tho legacy of the dark ages, was the prevailing feature, and the sovereign was then unable to ob tain advice such as the poorest peasant has now at command. Superstition was an in gredient which cntctjd largely into tho composition of almost every prescription ; while magic was regarded as a valuable ac cessory by even physicians of eminence. The doctrine of humours, dominant in medicine through mnuy generations, may be cited as an amusing example of the pre vailing ignorance. The health and charac ter were supposed to depend on the nature and relation of fonr humours, viz., choler, or red idle, lymph, blood, and black bile, The lirst predominated usually in summer, making men fiery ; the second in winter, -causiog the lymphatic or phlegmatic dispo sition! The blood was supposed to be most activcinsuring; as black bile, or melancholy, in the autumn. When the four humours were harmoniously blended there was "good temper" or "good humour," The humours were easily ail'ected by heat and cold, the former making them rise in vapour. The sudden, condensation of such exhalations was regarded with lively apprehension, and many were unwilling to run tho risk of washing their heads with cold water lest their brains might suffer. In describing character .among the old writers the humours were in frequent requisition. So Walton, in his "Life of Hooker," says— " His complexion was sanguine, 1 with a mixture of choler." Samuel Butler, the author of "Hndibras," is described as being "sanguine, cholera-, middle-sized, ■strong." Further examples of the general ignorance abound. So learred a man as Selden talks of the necessity for it physician to study Galen and Hippocrnte?, as if these ■ancient writers has not yet been superseded by more lecent authorities (" Table Talk," article " Minister Divlno.") The fourteen doctors who attended Charles 11. during his last illness could not agree a3 to his Majesty's complaint. "Some of them," saysMacaulay, "thought that his fit was epileptic, and that he should be suffered to have his doze out. The majority pro nounced hint apoplectic, and tortured him some hours like an Indian at a stake. Then it was determined to call his com plaint a fever, and to administer doses of hark. One physician, however, protested against this course, and assured the Queen that his brethren would kill the king among them." And finally the popular opinion was that Charles had died from poison. A remedy considered good for nearly all the complaints which alllict humanity was blood-letting. When King CnarliS fell into the fit which was the be ginning of his fatal illness, the physi cian who happened to be by opened a vein with a penknife. He was voted a thousand pounds by Parliament, which, however, was never paid him, Selden, in employing the illustration of a course of medical treatment, places "blood-letting" first, Ho says, "B a Physician comes to usick Man, he lets him blood, it may be scarifies him, cups him, puts' him into a ','reat disorder, before he makes him well; itnd if he be sent to cure an Ague, and finds his patient hath many diseases, a Dropsy, and a Palsy, he applie* remedies to 'cm all, which makes the cure the longer and the dearer : this is the case "

But blood-letting was not peculiar to the -seventeenth century ; it remained popular with tbe faculty all through the eighteenth, and well into the nineteenth. Maoy illus *twtions of th'S statement, so far as the last century is concerned, may be found in the ctrrfoos medical work called ''Primitive Physic," which John Wesley compiled and published. He there recommends bleeding for fever*, for apoplexy, for small-pox, for the plague, and even for consumption. In advising remedies for the plague he quotes Dr Dover: " After bleeding fifty or sixty (!) ■ounces, drink very largely of water sharpened with spirit of vitriol," Another specimen of Dr Dover's advice is given as follows :—" Mr Masters, of Evesham, was 30 far gme in a consumption, that he could not stand alone. I advised him ta lose six ounces of blood every day for a fort night, if he lived so long ; and then every third day; then every filth day, for the same time. In three months he was well." It is evident that the great Wesley believed Dr Dover's statement; but Wesley was no toriously credulous. The discovery of the blood's circulation by Harvey, in the reign ■of Charles I. (1G20) was an era in the medi cal art; hut it would seem that the promis ing progress then begun, stopped short, and quasi-barharism still prevailed. That discovery met with ridicule and opposition from alt ranks of the medical profession, and ou the continent it was attempted to ■deprive Harvey of the credit he has long been proved to have deserved. Evelyn and Pepys mention several pro prietory preparations, supposed to be mar vellously efficacious for various disorders, though of their constituentelements nothing is told. The former writes under date 27th, ■June, 1653, "Monsieur Roupel sent a small phial of his aurum polabilc (i.e. drink able gold*), with a letter showing the way of administering it, and the stupendous •cures it had done at Paris; but eve it came to me, by what accident I know not, it was all run out." In 1063 Charles 11. _ Queen was dangerously ill with spotted fever (a ■complaint seldom met witn in England in these days), and Dr Prujeon's "cordial' was credited with effecting a great im provement in her Majesty's condition. _ He was President of the College of Physicians in 1653, and was apparently a maa of^high reputation amongst his contemporaries. When the plague was raging in London ■during the summer of 1664, Pepys wa» presented with a bottle of " plague-water" ,hy Lady Carteret. The day of anaesthetics was not yet. A oentury and a half was to pass before Sir James Young Simpson's momentous dis covery of chloroform and its uses robbed iiirgicil operations of their greatest terror. Amputations could only be performed on persons of strong constitntions. Evelyn thus describes the amputation of a sailor's leg : —"I saw thechirurgeou cut off thcleg ■«>fa wounded sailor, the stout and gallant man enduring it with incredible patience, without being bound to his chaire as usual 'onsuch painfull occasions I had hardly enough courage to be present. Not being cut off high enough, the gangrene prevail d, and the second operation cost tbe poore crr-ature his life." Peyps informs us that the operation of lituotomy was performed on himself with success some time before he began to keep his famous Diary.

A number of remedies popular in the 17th century have been preserved in contempo rary literature, a selection from which we propose now to set down. Dr John Donne, being far gone in consumption, was advised by a friend, Dr Fox, to take cordials and drink milk "twenty days together." The pious doctor refused, however, to undergo this simple course, giving as his reason that he feared not deatn, and that he louged for the day of his dissolution. Mr George Herbert cured himself of the ague "by forbearing drink, aud not eating any meat, no not mutton, nor a hen or pigeon, unless they were salted ; and by such a constant diet he removed his ague, but with inconveniences that were worse ; for ho brought upon himself a disposition to rheums, and other weaknesses, and a sup posed consumption." (Walton's "Life.") Evelyn, it appears, suffered from ague in the early spring of 1(382. The remedy he tried was a curious one. He sat with his legs in a churn of milk made as hot as could be borne, himself covered at the same time with blankots, and drinking " carduus posset." After liis milk bath he retired to bed to sweat. Ho had no return of tho fit. Pcpys used to drink " butter-ale" when, he had a cold. In another place in his Diary lie tells how pigeons were laid to the feet of his cousin who was in a moribund state through jumping into a pond with the in tention of committing suicide. What the pigeons were expected to do in so extreme a case is not apparcat. As an article of diet pigeons were anciently supposed to be easily digested, and very wholesome to the " plilematic" and those of a melancholy disposition. (Sir T. Elyot's " Castol of Health," 1533 ) A young physician, Mi- Edward Browne, just beginning practice, sets down in his journal a " magic cure for jaundice," which, hcisgiven to undestand, is of wonderful efficacy. The remedy was composed of wood asbes boiled, then laid iv nine loog heaps, ou every one of which nine spears of crocus were to b». placed. After such a display of superstition it is not remarkable that later he records in his journal the following :—" February fl, IGG4, I went to see a scrpoutc that a woman liv ing in St. Greroric's Chuiohvard, m Nor wich, vomited up, but slice had burnt it before I came." These two small items are clear evidence of an amazing degree of credulity. The strangest cure we have noted is that suggested for fever by Cesare Morelli, a music-master, to l'epys. He writes (11th April, 1GS1):—" There is here a man who can cure it with simpathetic.il power, if you please to send mc down the** pearings of the nails of both your Jianda and your foots, and three locks of hair of the top of your crown. I hope, with the grace of God, it will cure you," For scrofula or " king's evil" we read of vervain (ver bena) root and hiked toads being worn in silken bags round the neck. In Devon shire in after years a Queen Anne's farthing was worn as a charm for the evil.

But the popular remedy for this disease during the {reigns of the Stuarts was the king's touch. Charles I. when nt York touched TO persons: his son when au exile at Bruges also performed the rite. After the Restoration he practised with signal success. It is computed that during his life he touched as many as a hundred thousand persons. In 1652 alone he touched 8500 times, while in 1684 the throng was so dense that several of the sick were trampled to death. James 11. in one of his pro gresses touched in Chester Cathedral eight hundred persons. The ceremony, as Charle3 If. perforrited it, i* so graphical'y described by Evelyn (July Gth, 1CG0) that it were a pity not to quote bis own words : " His Maje-tic sitting under his Stato in the Banqueting House, the Chirurgeona caused the sick to he brought or led up to the throne, where, they kneeling, the Icing strokes their faces or chcekes with both his hands at ones, at which instint a Cbaplaine in his formalities says, ' He put his hands and he healed thcin.' This i« sayd to every one in particular. When tliev had hen all touch'd they came up a"-ame in the same order, and the other Cliaplaine kneeling, and having Angel gold strung on white ribbon on bis anne delivers them one by one to bis Majestic who puts them about the neck of the touched as they passe, whilst the Cliaplaine repcati, ' ThU is the true light who came into the world.' Then follows an Epistle (as at first a Gns pell) with the Liturgy, prayers for the sick, with some alteration, lastly the blessing ; and the Lo. Cliamberlame and Comp troller of the Household brinas a basin, ewer and towell for his Majestic to wash " During the Great Plague shoals of quacks and mountebanks attempted to turn the calamity of the people to their own advan tage. Their placards were posted all over the town. Every blank wail puffed one or more infallible remedy for the disease, some to prevent it altogether, others to expel it when contracted. The remedies were of various descriptions, anti-pesti lential pills, sovereign cordials against the corruption of air, incomparable drink against the plague never found out before, the only true plague-water, the royal anti dote against all kinds of infection. Their notices were adroitly worded as may he in ferred from the following specimens :—"An eminent High-Dutch physiciau, newly come from Holland, where he resided during all the time of tbe great plague last year in Amsterdam, and cured multitudes of people tbat actually had the plague upon them/ "An Italian gentlewoman, just arrived from Naples, having a choice secret to prevent infection, which she found out by her great experience, and did wonderful cures with it in the late plague there, wherein there died 20,000 in one day. ' One of the quacks advertised that he advised the poor gratis, and when he had in this way collected a large concourse of patients anxious to learn his directions, he de manded, and, in numberless cases, re ceived, half-a crown from each for his physic- Some gained by this infamous kind of traffic as much as live pounds a day. But experience, the severe teacher, soon showed the public the worthlessness of the nostrums so freely advocated; and when trade fell off, the quacks disappeared. Many of them were unouestiouably swept off by the pestilence, a fate which none de served more richly. For two years after scarcely one was tv he seen about the town.

The regular practitioners, as might bo expected, made use of all kinds of drugs in their efforts to find something in some de gree efficacious The result, it may be in ferred, was almost nil: though two medi cines were thought to be of considerable service, viz., Pill. Ruff, and Venice Treacle. The composition of the former wc do not know ;it was imagined to be preventive. The latter, a sudorific, was to be taken during the course of the disease. The disinfectants employed were few aud simple. One of the sextons who was em ployed cons'antlv in handling and burying the' dead, and who escaped the contagion entirely, used as preservatives merely garlic and rue held iv his mouth, or else he smoked tobacco. His wife placed faith in vinegar, which she sprinkled over her head and clothes, "snuffing up" vinegar, and holding to her mouth a handkerchief moistened with it. Her caution was re- WMrded—she never took the fell disease. (Defoe's "History of the Plague.") Of the sanitary condition of London we have the means of arriving at a fairly accu rate conclusion. From the Bills of Mor i tality alone, were all other sources of infor

mation wanting, an estimate not far from the truth might be gathered. If we examine any of these documents for years prior to the Great Plague wc shall find ihat those diseases which have their origin in filth, bad drainage, and low living, were extraordinarily fatal. What are now de fined preventiblc diseases such as fevers ague, plague, and scurvy, carried off what wc consider an utterly disproportionate sha'e of victim*. The Bill of Mortality for IGGI, a year neither very healthy nor very sickly, accounts for 19,771 deaths. Of these "agueand fever" killed 3490 ; small pox 1240 ; measles ISS ; "spotted fever and purples," 335; plague, 20 ; scurvy, 85. Ague is not often seen in London now, and then is seldom fatal. The plague as well as scurvy arc unheard of. "Spotted fever" is also a rarity. Small-pox seldom claimed less than a thousand each year, a number now representing the mortality of an epi demic year. The death rate was 39*5 per thousand, assuming with Gregory King that the population of the metropolis was a little over half a million. The average death rate of London during tha ten years 1871-18S0 was 2'2-S per thousand, a result directly referable to improved drainage, a tolerably pure water supply, and attention to hygienic details generally. The average duration of human life has been lengthened from 2b' to 42 years, A frequently recur ring cause of death in the Bills of Mortality ia "blasted" or " planet-struck," which is ou oue occasion associated with anoplexy, as if there was some connection between them. Besides tbe«e. there mco'.hor cau-cs which now read curiously, such as " luna tick, distracted, aud frenzy," " murdered, slain, and shot," " surfeit," " chrisomes ami infants.'' "frighted," "jaw-fallen," " heatl-mould-shot and mould-fallen." The mere enumeration of the above exhibits at a glance the progress which the medical art has made since the times of which we are writing. It is at nny rate flattering to our increased knowledge to suppose that, deaths are most times referred to their right cause* ; and that bet ween superstition and medicine a gulf deep and broad lias been fixed.

("To be continual)

Scientific Scraps.

Dr INAtiiokst and Baron De Gcer left Droutheiin on July Ist to make a survey of the island of Spitsbergen, under the auspices of the Geological Society ot Stockholm.

Gas has been successfully introduced as an illuminatit ou the street cars of the British metropolis. The holder, which is changed at the cud of every night trip, is placed under the sea*s. One of the latest facts in natural history, which does not appear to be known to many, is that the cuckoo is in the habit of sounding its peculiar note at night, unlike the great majority ot birds.that retire at docent hours and raise their own young. Vacciuatiun, properly conducted, is now unquestionably the best preventive of smail-pox epidemics. But it must be remembered that impure lymph may charge the body with diseases which make life a prolonged misery to which death itself is preferable. If physicians could be hcld to a stricter accouutabilitv there would be little difficulty iv making the practice of vaccination more general.

Appalling Tragedy in Paris.

Murder a la Francaise,

The police of Paris understand their busi ness. On Wednesday, June 7th, a human body was found in the Seine. It was the body of a man. He had been gigged with a table napkin, aud his lips had been fastened together with shawl pin?. Tiicrc were thirteen or more distinct wounds, sonic of them being bruises and others stabs. But the strangest thing of all was that round the dead body wai twisted a length of gas pipe. After the man had been assaulted, aud, as it is now known, murdered, some thirty-three feet of leaden pipe had been wound round and round him. There was lead enough to siuk the body ; and it was obviously the intention of the murderers that tue ghastly evidence of their crime should never be brought to light. The Seiue runs very quickly, and were not its waters so clear the crime might never have been discovered. A human body, bound round in coils of lead, might well I icon the river's bed uutil it were washed away morsel by morsel. But, through one of those strange accidents that aid justice, some workmen who wore digging gravel noticed the hideous object. There was absolutely nothing to guide the police, beyond the fact that the table napkin etufl'ed into the murdered man's mouth bore the initials "M. G." On this one fact the Parisian police had to set to work, and by tbe aid of it they succeeded in tracking down the murderers. In Paris all bodies are exposed for a certain number of days at the Morgue. In the present case, when the ghastly weight of gaspipe had been unrolled, the body was recognised as that of one M. Aubert, adruggut, of the Boulevard Mules herbes. He had been missing lor some days, and his sister. Madame Barley, identified the corpse at the Morgue. In London it ia almost certain that there would have been an inquest aud an open verdict, and that nothing mote would have been heard of the matter. The Parisian police, however, know their work, and began at once to look about for a clue. Toe clue soon reached them in the shape of an anonymous letter. English police despi-e any informa tion which is not of their own providing. If valuable intelligence is offered them, they make it a point of honour to resent it. It is an established maxim with them that the police force is perfectly competent, and needs no assistance of any kind. The Parisian police are wiser. Thoy received n letter, without any signature, telliog them that they might with advantage interrogate a certain Madame Feneyron, who dwelt in tho Boulevard Gouvion, St. Cyr. Had such a letter made its way to Scotland-yard, it would probably have remained under con«ideratiou for a fortnight. In France they do things more quickly; and it is only just to add, the French police are armed with powers which are denied to Sir Edmund Henderson and Mr. Howard Vincent. M. Mace, a "Chief of Police," or as wc should term it, a divisional superin tendent, made his way at" once to Madame Feneyron's dwelling. Before he had been there ten miautes she had told him ihe whole story. The murdered man and Her self bad been parties to a guilty intrigue. Her husband had discovered the facts, and had threatened to kill her unless she would put her lover in his power. Thi-, in terror, the woman did. Sbc made an appointment with Aubert at a suburban co'tage. Arri ving there, he was mot, not b_v Madame Feneyron, but by her husband and her husband's brother. They knocked him down with a hammer, stubbed him with a sword-stick, thrust a napkin;int .his mouth, and pinned his lips together, twisted the lead pipe round about him, put bis corpse into tt harrow, and, escaping all observation, threw the remains into the Seine i They burnt his clothes; and had it not becii for the anonymous letter, and the interrogation of IViadame Ffneyron', it is. c ertain that the criminals would never liri,FC been brought to justice.

THE LATE GENERAL GARIBALDI.

HIS ROMANTIC STOKY,

Ever so briefly told, says the London " Telegraph," the adventures of the lato General Garibaldi read like fiction—so wild arc they in variety, so startling in incident and issues. What novelist wonld dare to find the deliverer and regenerator of a European fower in the child of Domcnico, the mariner of JNicc, and Kosa Itagiundo, the fiiher girl ? On board his father's brig Garibaldi learned pea-craft, and ho caught tho fire of revolutionary' patriotism from Ma/.zini, wbom ho met in 1831 at Marseilles. But the failure ot the rath schemes concocted by tbe conspirators obliged him to kcopclear ot Italy ; and then followed 12 years of ad venture in SoHth Amorica which in them selves might form an epic of Odyssean character, so wild and wonderful wore tho deeds of this Nizzard mariner—the man, as his enemies used to say, "with tbe head of a bull and the heart of gold." To havo survived the thousand perils of that period—-to have come through battle, storm, siege and imprisonment, with episodes ot hurricane and combat by water, and star vation and torture by land, looks like what men call luck. There is, however, no such thing as accident ; the majority of all these perils were exorcised by the hero's dauntless which is in itself a sort of life-insur ance, and bom to bo the emanci pator of Italy, b« was not fated to perish in the JNorth American Savannahs. From tho tempest of irregular war he pasted into the dead calm of kocpiog a broker's ollico at Montevideo, sml teaching maritime matho uiatica; but ngain lie drew his restless sword on the side of Uruguay, and formed * an "Italian legion," the discipline and valour of which soon showed how he could command the hearts of men. The year ot Revolutions brought him back to Europe in 1547-4S as the souud of tho trumpets summon a war-horso,(and Garibaldi set out "with eighty-live men and two guns" to restore Italy. The rest ia matter of well-kown fact. Any but a "heart of gold" must certainly have succumbed to the bitter disappointments of those days alter Custosza, to tho trials and losses of the siege of Rome, and to the miseries of that time of flight and concealment when, hunted over the face of Italy, the hero saw his wife Anita die nnd his comrades slaughtered by the Austrians, and hardly escaped with his own life to tho melancholy solitudes of La Maddalena, Yet even thus the great chapters of his story are not so i much as commenced. After those rudo ex- I perienccs the indomitable hero crossed tho Atlantic again, and "possosacd his soul,"; keeping a soap and caudle shop ou Statcn Islaud ; returning by anu by to tho Modi tcrranean shores when things were > quieter, to trade iv an old coaster between Nice and Mnr»cilles. Not until the war with Austria, in 1859, was his time really come, but that conflict brought his chance, which ho seized. The landing at Marsala, in ISGO, with " the Thousand" was ono of those acts which aro sublimity itself if they suceoed, and i insanity if they fail. Garibaldi's merit was ' in his intense faith and self-confidence, joined with sbrewdnees enough to know that tbe Bourbon power was weakened to the falling point, and might disappear at a push. Enthusiasm has a wisdom of its own »s well as calculation, and Garibaldi justified his amazing hardihood. His "Thousand" followed him joyously and triumphantly over Sicily, beat what soldiers opposed them at Calatatini, nnd Mooreal, crossed the Strait", frightened King Bomba out of Naples, too'<c Caprerannd Gaeto, and this astounding drama of modern history ! terminated by the spectacle of King Victor i driving in triumph down the Chiaja with , the Nizzard mariner,|in red flannel shirt and ' white wool poncho, at his side. The next * day Garibaldi .laid down bis dictatorship, ! shook hands with the King, to whom nnd . to Italy he had made a present of Naples and the two Sicilies, and, with thirty francs in his pocket, retired to keep goats and grow grapes iv Oaprera. He might have liad of the Italians whatever reward his heart desired ; if he had wanted tho moon they would have tried to como by it, for his sake; but he was as simple and disinterested as he was brave, and asked no more than a passage to his island, alter this sublimely fantastic salvation of Italy. What followed is also well remembered : how be broke forth aszain on the foolish and headstrong expedition of Aspromonte, and received the Italian bullet in bis foot which Nelaton found so cleverly with tbe porce lain probe. Garibaldi wounded by Italians I Garibaldi in au Italian prison I Such were the straage contrasts produced by the " bull's head" spoiling the "heart of gold ;" but the " rebel" was too difficult to keep, too dear to punish, and he soon be came liberated, to complete his Italian chapters with another wild ddtnarche against the Austrians, cut short by the peace cf 1866. Again he agitated against the Government of Italy, and was arrested, and again was set at liberty, but booh, after conceived and fought Mentana, and was again made miaoner at Bpezzia, to ■be again freed ; for who e*uld keep Garibaldi captive t His French campaign, his Par liamentary appearances, hi- fervent politi cal addresses, and his n-ceot visits to tho mainland, close the long and stormy nar rative of his career, which was in nothing more lemarkable than because it proves bis virtues to be so transcendent that no fault, no blunder, no folly which the hero committed, could ever in the least degree diminish tbe affection and 'esteem of bis countrymen. His death wili naturally enhance the ardent Jove and gra titude felt towards Garibaldi by his fellow-Italians. He can perpetrate no more mistakes of act or word—no more of those generous absurdities which made him the terror ot regular government—while his grand deeds and neble virtues have become fixed and imperishable. His errors will pa«s away with his mortal part; his hero ism, his generosity, his lolty spirit, his gentleness, his courage, his self-reliance, endurance, simplicity, and patriotism are examples graved into the very heart of his nation, and never to be forgotten. There is nothing which Italy would not 'be glad and proud to do to honour his memory, and it is difficult to say how it could be too much celebrated. It is im possible that [tho fair land should ever have a greater or dearer son to commemor ate—plain, maladroit, and misguided as he often was. On that "heart of gold" was written from youth up tbe name of " Italy ; its love for her was endless, its devotion to lur without limit; and the peace and pros perity and growing greatness of tbe kingdom witnessed to-day are largely the fruits of Garibaldi's ceaseless faith in her de-tines. Happy is it for Italy that her new history commenced with a hero so pure and upright. Tbe bars which she must shed will be tears of pride as well as of regret, for the soil of that country is ennobled where ashes so preoious are laid as tbo<e of Giuseppe Gail baldi, the sea-captain of Nice

STAR SATURDAY- SUPPLEMENT, AUGUST 5, 1882.



'Thls was a relic of tho superstition of the alchemist. For centuries the notion prevailed that a solution of gold had great medicinal virtues, and.that the incorruptibility of gold •might be communicated to a body impregnated with it. Prince Hal has a reference to this idea in 11. Henry IV., Act iv. so. v. ■ ; •



A judge has recently defined " Esquire as a term which "includes anybody who has nothing to do and is outside the work house."



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See., Seo.; about halt an aore laid out Inlluwor-Kurd en,oroh&rd,&o..wlth ontranoo to Urooo-stroot; could bo subdlvidod to ad vantage £500. (1801 WOOD-STUKKT-Comfortnb'o Residonco of 7 rooms, flttorl with ciia and almost ovory convenience: pplendld allotment, about HO x 150. all tastefully laid out with flowers, frult-tteoH, &o,; grand vlow of harhnnr. Sec. (370 WOOD-STRICET—HOBidonoe; 8 rooms and out houses ; nllotmont, 105 x lffi; fully Btooked with frulc and (orost troos; Bplondld vlow- Prloe only £516, (301) WILLTAM-STttEXT (uoar Wollington-Btroot) —A uloo Vorandah Cottage; 4 rooms. Ceo.; balcony at baok; good woU; allotmont 33 - 39. (118) GREAT NORTH ROAD fcornor of Brisbane anil Stanloy-BCrooU)—Two good Vorandah Cottagos, with outhouse, well, &o.: allot mont to oftuh 31 x 110, Prioo £350 for tho _ lot. (ISJ) MONTAGUE - STItHKT," Nk\VTON - <iood Verandah Cottngo; 4 rooms; good woll. Sto.; ollotmontmont 33 x !)■.). Choap, £100 (179, DUKK-&TREKT, NEWTOM-Vory oomfort ablo Houso; (1 rooms; In flrot-class ordor; good well. oven, gas fittings, Seo.; allot mont 33 x 99. Choap, only £31)0 (320) DUKK-STRKKT, NEWrON-Nico Vorandah Cottago; 1 rooms; gable onda, almost now. allotmont 33 x»*J, vory desirable. (521) milford-stkkkd'. PONBONBY-New and woll - finished Houa3; 6 rooms, besides pantry, dairy, servants' roomn, &c.; fitted with register gratos. ovens, &o.: allotment 131x101); In garden , to«other with stable. buggy-houao, Sco, £GOO (211) CLARENCE-STREET, PONBONBY-Voran dah Cottago; 1 rooms, tank, Sea.; allotmont 18x80. Only £180. (290) SHEEHAN-STREKT, PONSONBY-Nloe Cot tago ; 4 rooms, verandah In front, and vory oomfortablo; near tho Hall. £230. (300) PROSPECTTBRRAOK-Oomtortable Houso; 6 rooms; lllttod with sideboard, cupboard, Sto. ; goa lain on; allotmont 40 x 190, £300. (909) PONSONBY TERRACE - Now nouso: 7 rooms (not qulto finished); good well, tank. woodßhod. so.; good allotmont. 80 x 100. all (onoed and planted. £150. (117) NEWMARKET-Nloo Vorandah Cottage Ot 5 rooms, fitted with roglator, oven, eto., corner lot, for £250. JOHN-STREET, Ponsonby - Choap Cottago, X rooms and scullery, freehold allotmont, 10 x 80, prion only £120. (173) HAOKET-BTREET, near stops to boaoh, foot ot hi, Mary's Rosa—Handsome Villa, gablo ends, bow-windows, and Httoi with regis ter grate, ovon, cupboards, etc. ; allotment 83 x 99; price only £300. GUI) CLARENCE-HTREET - A New and Well finished Vorandah Cottago, I rooms nnd Boullory ; llttott with register grate, oven, cupboards, tanks, oto.; prloe £250, easy terms. (198) PROSPEC r TERR ACK—Handsome and vory desirable Houso, C rooms, soullory, oto register grate, oven, cupboard, shelves, ga and water laid in, oto,; allotment 83 x 100 splendid little garden, choice trees, eto. (197) WILLIAM AND GEORGE-STREETS - Cor ner lot, new and oompaot Vorandah Cot tage, fitted with cupboards, dresser, cook ing range, etc., eto.; prloe only £200. (508) PROSPEOT-STREET.neor tho Ponsonby Hall, new and woll-____oA Houao, G rooms, register, oven, tank, eto., etc.; allotment 33 x 100, fenced, prloe £325. (511) MOUNT EDEN, noar Mr Kelly's-New and well-finished Villa, gables, bow-window, etc, etc., 9 rooms, and wash-houso; allot ment 42 x 13!; prloo £100 (505) PARNELL— Commodious Family Resldonoe, containing 9 rooms, eto., eto., wasb-houE wlth cooper, and othar oonvonlonoes, large and valuable corner allotmont; price £750. (571 MOUNT EDEN (near Toll Bar).—Nloo Veran dah Cottago, i rooms, &a., allotmont about 66 by 90; choap, only £280. OTAHOHU—NIoa Verandah Cottage, X rooms, etc., good corner allotmont, (or £190. (446) PAPAKURA.—Now House and outbuilding?, and 37 aores real good land In orohard, ate, in valuablo position Jist at railway station. ONEHUNGA— Splendid Allotment In Selwyn street, near Congregational Chape), 33 xl 09; prloe only £33. (182) TUAKAU—A very Compact Farm of 101 aores. splendid land, nearly alt fenoed and sub divided ; plenty ot water, a never-falling spring through the property: good Cottago, with workshop dairy, cowshed, outhouses. Sec: good position, and only li miles from Station. Price only £550, (122) TURANGA OREKIC (near Howiok)-A VWT oheap little Farm of 105 aoree, part culti vated, plenty of tlmbor and wator; good. House, too. (about 17 tulles Cram Auokland). Only £225. (138) MANBBItK- A Oholoe little Lot ot 11 acres ot unsurpassed Land, sub-divided, fenoed, and In grass: with Ootttge, outhouses, &o. RAZOR BACK-HplenaldUttloFarm;B2aoree. large Homestead, and every oonveulenoo ; about 3 miles from Pokeno Station, (181) X AUKAPAKAPA-223 acres, on whioh stand, a valuable bush, and ia good position, (i9l) CHALI-KHSTON— Oompaot little Farm of 160 acres; part ia oaltlvatloa; splendid orohard; good pleoe of bash: crock, &o. Honso and outbuildings almost new. £600. PAPAKURA—A desirable Farm of 360 aores, port In oaltlvatloa, plenty ot water, timber, and beautifully sheltered; good Homestead. 7 rooms, and neoeesary ontbaildlngs,(rarden, orchard, Sto., and stook at valuation, If da, sired. Cltf) TUAKAU— Splendid little Lot of 30 aorea. nloo piece bush, plemy of wator; near station. iXXX) BOMBAY—Nice little Farm ot 20 acres, good Homestead, &o. Price only £220. TE ARAl—Farm 689 ocres. with house and all I Improvements for £7000, MOUNT EDBN.-Handsome Villa Residence containing 5 Reams, besides Pantry. Scullery, Sto. ; all In flrst-olass order, with Stable, Buggy-house. Cowshed, Seo., Sco,, together with 9 aores Voloanio Land, sub divided , and a portion planted. Terms easy if desired. 501 MOONT EDEN.—Handsome New and Well finished Villa. 5 Rooms, fitted with almost every convenience, Register Gratos, Range, &c.; Allotment SO x 200; main road front age ; £100. 108 MOUNT EDEN—Verandah Cottage (X rooms), tanks, &C with two Aoces Voloanio Land, subdivided Into paddocks and orchard. Prloe £500.1 (480). NORTHCOTE (Takapuna)—Snug little pro perty ot 63 acre?, good land, partly im proved ; orohard, seo. Together with New Cottage (five rooms), stable, cowshed, &o„ fco.VPrioe. £1000. (501) NORTHCOTB— Splendid Building Allotments at from £35 each. NORTHCOTE-Splandld lots, partly Improved and fenoed, at from £21 por acre. WHAREHINE—IBO aoreß of very valuable Bußb-totara, pnrlrl, kauri. Seo.— ln good position, oheap. <621 i PAPAROA—I6O acres good Bush Land (cheap', (175) WAITAKEREI -SO nores good Land, partly improved; plenty of water, corner lot, Oolr £30. (511) WAIKATO-Nice little Farm ot 27 aor- Im proved; good position; nloo housf ""o rooms and out-houses. Only £210, AND NUMEROUS OTHER PROP' BnsH Lands. Improved Farm- Sire", Business Premises, &o„ application to D. F. BY A House, land, and Er QU-KN _nU*r (KBX'