How the Earth was First Mapped Out.

What these early maps were we do not know, but we can form a reasonable con jecture. The earth at that time was sup posed to be a flat circular plain, or disk, the broadest part being from east to west, which was entirely surrounded by an ocean, or great river, that washed it upon all sides. In about the centre of this plain Greece was supposed to be situated. The great central sea of the inhabited re gion was the Mediterranean. The farthest point known at the west was the Strait of Gibraltar, then called the Pillars of Her cules. The southern part comprised the north of Africa as far as the deserts ; while the, region north embraced the countries bordering upon the Mediter ranean, and an unknown hyperborean land further to the north, with the Euxine and Caspian seas at the south-east. The farthest eastern point known was about the western limit of India. Tliis was what would then be contained in. a map as a representation of the earth. The sun was supposed to pass under and around this flat plain, which was then the mode of accounting for the changes of day and night. The space beneath was supposed to be a great vault, called Tartarus, the abode of the spirits of the wicked among men, as the region corresponding to it, above the plain, was the heaven or abode of the gods. The unknown regions be yond the Pillars of Hercules was filled up •with creations of the fertile imagination of the Greeks. To the north-west and north were the Cimmerians, a people living in perpetual darkness ; and the Hyperboreans, a race supposed to be exempt from toil, disease, or war, who enjoyed life for a thousand years in a state of undisturbed serenity. To the west of Sicily were the enchanted islands of Circe and Calypso, and the floating island of Eolus. A little to the north of the Pillars of Hercules was the entrance to the infernal regions ; and far out in the western ocean, bejmnd the limits of the known earth, was the happy region called Elysium, a land of perpetual summer, where a gentle zephyr always blew, where tempests were unknown, and where the spirits whose lives had been ap proved dwelt in perpetual felicity. Here, also, •were the Gardens of the Hesperides, with their golden apples guarded by the singing nymphs, who dwelt on the river Oceanus, which was in the extreme west, and the position of which was constantly shifted as geographi cal knowledge increased.—Chief Justice Daly in Popular Science Monthly for February. .

A Novel Bank.

The Boston Herald gives an account of the novel banking institution bearing the title of “The Ladies’ Deposit.” Its prospectus, printed on a little patch of red paper, says that “ the Deposit is a charitable institution for single ladies, old and young,” and contains the following startling proposition : —lnterest at the rate of Bdols. on lOOdols. per month, is paid every three months in advance. The principle can be withdrawn upon call any day except Sunday. No deposits re ceived from persons owning a house.” The Herald reporter was not able to get all the information that he -wished at the “Ladies’ Deposit,” though he visited that institution in petticoats, and, according to his own account, very naturally conducted himself in his character of a woman. He could not learn from the manager, Susan Crandell, how the concern could afford to pay 96 per cent, a-year on de posit, or what disposition was made of the money received, that made it so valu able. Nevertheless, he saw a depositor come in, and saw her advance interest paid over to her in the manner stipulated. Later in the day a reporter for a com mercial agency called at the “Ladies’ Deposit,” but he could not learn much more. He was told that Mrs. S. E. Howe was president of the concern, and the money deposited was not loaned, but em ployed for charitable purposes. It could not be learned how the Deposit could afford to pay such a high rate of interest, the president replying simply, * ‘ Excuse me, that is my business.” It is said that the questionable character of the busi ness has been the subject of attention by the authorities, who have decided that, as no complaints have ever been made by persons claiming to have been swindled in any way, and as the “ bank ” does not solicit patronage, they are not called upon to interfere. Although their business is conducted upon an apparent preposterous basis, and with the utmost secrecy, the fact that the managers solicit no business, but receive money only from those who come voluntarily, is said to clear them from legal responsibility should anyone fail to receive principal and interest ac cording to agreement. It is remarkable that such a business as this has been going on in the heart of the city for nearly two years, with an apparently in creasing number of depositors.

IHE ASHBURTON HERALD.

Saturday, May i, IBBO.



Queen Victoria. —Very remarkable changes have taken place during the forty-two years’ reign of Queen Victoria. She has outlived by several years every bishop and judge whom she found seated on the benches in England, Scotland, and Ireland when she ascended the throne. She has witnessed the funeral of every Premier under her, except Lord Beacons field and Mr. Gladstone. Not a single Cabinet member of her uncle and pre decessor’s day now survives. Of the mem bers of the Privy Council who sab in June, 1837, to administer to her the oath, only four survive. She has received the homage of four Archbishops of Canter bury, four Archbishops of York, and five Bishops—Chichester, Litchfield, and Dur ham successively. She has filled each of the Chief Justiceships twice at least; she has received the addresses of four Speakers of the House of Commons. She has en trusted the Great Seal of the Kingdom to no less than nine Lord Chancellors. Holloway’s Pills.—Let the Sick take heed. —The stomach is the commissariat of the physical system. It furnishes the material sus tenance of every organ. If disordered, the whole body languishes; but however severely it may be affected, its tone and vigor may always be restored by a course of these irresis tible Pills ; biliousness, indigestion, liver com plaints, and other disorders of the stomach can easily be cured by the use of Holloway’s Pills. Thousands attest this assertion, and no sufferer who has ever tried them will deny their su preme efficacy. In every case of stomach dis ease, from the mildest case of dispepsia to the disorder of both liver and stomach, from the nausea of the free liver to the vomiting accom panying ulcerated stomachs, these I ills imme diately relieve, and by perseverance effectually cure. —Advt.



Edaiiston, Gundry, & Co. TUESDAY, 4th MAY. GREAT CLEARING SALEc BANKRUPT ESTATES AT THE ASHBURTON YARDS. IN THE ESTATE OF RISELY BROS., AND D. EVANS, AND UNDER BILL OF SALE RE JAMES GARDINER. Messrs edmiston, gundry AND CO. have received instruc tions from the Trustees in the above Estates TO SELL BY PUBLIC AUCTION, AT THE ASHBURTON SALEYARDS, ON TUESDAY, 4th MAY, The Whole of the FARMING STOCK, AND IMPLEMENTS, Comprising— -12 good DRAUGHT HORSES 3 good HACKS 1 1 G-HORSE WAGGON 4 FARM DRAYS 4 REAPERS and BINDERS, By Osborne, Wood, and M’Cormick 6 S. and D. FURROW PLOUGHS 1 HORSE POWER and CHAFF CUTTER 2 CAMBRIDGE ROLLERS 4 Reid & Gray TILTER, quite new HARROWS IRON TANK*' SADDLE ant. BRIDLES, HARNESS SACKS, &c., &c. Also, At the same Time and Place, THE EQUITY OF REDEMPTION OF THAT WELL KNOWN FARM, OF 197 ACRES, 197 Now in the occupation of MESSRS. RISELY BROS. This Property is situate on the FAR-FAMED WAKANUI ESTATE With good roads, and contiguous to Ashburton. As the present mortgage will be allowed to remain on the property it pre sents an eligible opportunity to small capitalists. Also same date. IN THE ESTATE OF EDWIN WATKINS WITHOUT RESERVE. ASHBURTON SALEYARDS, ON TUESDAY, THE 4th MAY, The whole of his Farming Stock AND IMPLEMENTS, Comprising— -9 good Draught Horses 6 Unbroken Draught Colts and Fillies 30 head of Cattle 600 Sheep. IMPLEMENTS. 2 McCormick’s Reapers and Binders 1 Samuelson’s Reaper 2 D.F. Ploughs 2 New Farm Drays 2 Spring Traps (one quite new) 1 Cambridge Roller Sets Harrows Harness, , itc., &c. WITHOUT RESERVE. Also, THE EQUITY OF REDEMPTION of a well-finished 4-roomed COTTAGE and SECTION OF LAND, containing one acre, at the corner of N. E. Belt. This property is without doubt one of the best in Ashburton at the present time in the market for an hotel site, being at the corner of the East Belt and the roads leading to the townships of Fairfield, Seafield, and Wakanui. Sale at 12 o’clock. EDMISTON, GUNDRY, & CO., 802g-374c Auctioneers.



Edmiston, Gundry & Co. FOR SALE, BY PRIVATE TREATY. THE undersigned have for sale by Private Treaty, the following Pro perties : R.S. 2821 G, 7,8, 9, containing GBG acres, which will be sold in farms of 100 acres and upwards. This property is within 4 miles of Ashburton township, is very good land, and will be sold on very reasonable terms, viz, 10s. per acre cash and the balance at a low rate of interest on a term of years. 210 ACRES on Gould and Cameron’s run. This property is partly fenced with gorse fences. 128 ACRES at Chertsey, all securely fenced, and is at present sown with turnips. This property will be sold at a low price on easy terms. 125 ACRES at Greenstreet, securely fenced with live fences, and sub divided, and a permanent stream of water. 285 ACRES at Greenstreet, to be sold or let on a purchasing clause in one or more blocks. This is excellent land, and laid down in English grass, and well watered with creeks. This would make a capital farm, and will be sold on very liberal terms. 210 ACRES close to the township of Ashburton, with good dwell ing-house, stable, granary, &c. This property will be let for a term of years at a low rent. 500 ACRES at Orari, in one or more blocks. 150 ACRES at Tinv aid. A capital farm, being all fenced and ready for cropping. There are three creeks running through this pro perty. 150 ACRES at Ashton. A well com pact farm, together with house, stables, &c. "Price very low. 800 ACRES at Mount Possession. 1600 ACRES near the spread Eagle Hotel. T.S. No 879, Ashburton. T.S. 301, 302, Burnett-street, Ash burton. T.S. 247, Kermode Sti-eet, Ashbur ton. T.S. 182, 183, opposite Church, Tinwald, a bargain, &c. EDMISTON, GUNDRY, & CO., Auctioneers and Estate Agents. Agents for the JgOUTH BRITISH FIRE & MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY. Capital £1,000,000. Risks taken on all kinds of Property, Growing Crops, Grain in Stack, Thresh ing Machines, Ac. EDMISTON, GUNDRY, & CO., East Street. Business Notices. FINE ARTS. ART UNION. A SPLENDID Collection of OIL PAINTINGS and Water Color j DRAWINGS, by Mr. Clarke, of Rakaia, are to be disposed of by Art Union. The pictures are on view at the shop next to Mr. Street’s, Saddler, Rakaia. Tickets, 10s each, can be obtained at Mr. Stkeet’s Saddler, Rakaia, and of THOS. A. GATES, Picture Frame Maker. 48c-770a Ashburton. PATRONISED BY ALL CLASSES. THE GREATEST DISCOVERY OF TIIE AGE. NINE E ’ S TRADE |[\j| MARK. PURE EXTRACT of KEROSINE WILL NOTjgIJGNITE IF LAMP IS UPSET. Burns in any Kerosine Lamp ; gives a brighter light, lasts longer, is free from smell and free from danger. Sold by all respectable groeex-s and storekeepei's throxxgliout the colony. The next tiixxe you want Oil for your Lamp try a tin of “ Niner’s Exti’act.” Sold in pints, quarts, half-gallon aixd one-gallon tins. Wholesale and Retail Agents for the Ashburton Disti'ict— O R R AND CO., Ashburton and Rakaia. 31Gc-735g JUST ARRIVED —Young Ladies’ Journal, London Journal, Family Herald, Family Reader, Boys of England, Boys’ Standard, Our Girls’ Owix Paper, Ac., Ac. H. M. JONES, Stationer, 3GOc East Street and Baring Square. rnHE “ Herald ” is published everj I eveniixg, thus giving every day’s news. This is better than buying ft Six penny weekly.



Public Notices. NOTICE. WESTERFIELD MILL. TO FARMERS, BAKERS, & OTHERS. IjIHE Westerfield Mill is now in full work, and the public can be supplied with FIRST-CLASS FLOUR on most reason able terms. Every attention will be given to Public Gristing, and farmers from a distance can have grist done immediately after de livery. Apply to the Miller, HENRY BOWERS. Grain stored on liberal terms. 389c-796g Ashburton steeplechase MEETING. SATURDAY, MAY 29th, 1880. List of Officers : President : E. G. Wright, Esq., M.H.R. Vice President : W. C. Walker, Esq. Stewards : Mr. Hay T. Smith Mr. John Carter Mr. JL. E. Corsbie Mr. R. Friedlander Mr. Neil M'Lean Mr. J. Hunt Mr. E. Saunders Mr. A. McLean Mr. E. S. Coster Dr. Ross Judge : Mr. M. Stitt. Starter : Mr. John Carter. Clerk of the Course : Mr. E. Saunders. Clerk of the Scales : Mr. E. F. Wright. Hon. Secretary : Mr. J. Wilkie. Hon. Treasurer : Mr. C. C. Fooks. Handicaih’Eß : Mr. H. P. Lance. FIRST RACE TO START AT 12.30 P.M. 1. Ashburton Handicap Steeplechase, of 40 sovs., added to a sweepstakes of 2 sovs. each for acceptors ; over about 3 miles of fair hunting country ; nomination 2 sovs. 2. District Handicap of 20 sovs., added to a sweep of 2 sovs. for acceptors ; 2 miles ; nomination 1 sov., for district horses only. 3. The Wakanui Stakes, of 20 sovs.; weight for age ; open to all horses ; 2 miles ; entrance 1 sov. 4. Farmers’ Steepechase, of 15 sovs.; about 1| miles ; weight for age ; en trance 1 sov.; for district horses only. 5. Hack Steeplechase, of 5 sovs.; 1 mile ; catch weights ; entrance 1 sov.; for district horses only. Rules and Regulations : The N.Z. Grand National Rules strictly adhered to, except where specified. A district horse shall mean a horse commonly resident in the County since March Ist, 1880, and the bona fide pro perty of the owner; and “ owner” shall mean a person or persons commonly resi • dent in the County of Ashburton not less than six months previous to this meeting. The decision of the Stewards on all dis puted points shall be final. No protest will be received unless 2 sovs. be deposited, which shall be forfeited if the protest be considered frivolous. Nominations for the Handicaps to be sent to the Secretary at Quill’s Hotel not later than 9 p.m. on Thursday, May 20th. Weights will be declared on Tuesday, May 25th. Acceptances on night of general entry, Wednesday, May 26th, at 8 p.m. All entries to state age, color, and name of the horse, and the colors of the rider. JAMES WILKIE, Hon. Sec. 791 g Ashburton Steeplechases. T. Bullock. THE undersigned has the following PROPERTIES to LET with a pur chasing clause, or FOR SALE on liberal terms of payment— -S ACRES good WHEAT LAND, J-fJU all ploughed and ready for cross ploughing for wheat ; situated about three miles from the township. ACRES, near the above ; also good WHEAT LAND, ploughed once and ready for cross-ploughing. ACRES, partly improved, near Wins low. This will be sold very cheap, and on very liberal terms. TOWN PROPERTIES. T7ALUABLE BUSINESS SITE in Bur » nett Street, being T.S. 177, next the “ Mail” office. "DART of T.S. 139, Peter Street. This -U will be sold cheap, and on liberal terms. TO Railway Employe's, Mechanics, and Others.—FOß SALE, cheap, Lot 78, situated on East Town Belt. Terms, £5 cash ; balance by monthly or quarterly payments. T. BULLOCK. FOR SALE, Cheap, Dwelling-house of 7 rooms, situated on the East Belt, near the Parsonage—For particulars apply to T. Bullock, 206 c f jnHE “ Herald ” is on every Tea Table 1 in Ashburton DO you Want the News of the Day 1 Read the Ashburton Herald, IT is only a Penny, is to be got every where in Town, along the Railway ine, and of th a Country Agents.



Business Notices. FURNITURE ! FURNITURE ! ! Made to Order by OHARLES JgRADER, PRACTICAL CABINETMAKER, FURNITURE DEALER, &C. Chests of Drawers, 3ft. Gin. x 3ft. Gin., with five drawers, Price 70s. Scotch Chest of Drawers, with six drawers, Price £5 10s. Kitchen Cupboard, from 30s. Do. with Dresser, from 40s. "Venetian and other Blinds, Curtain Poles, Oxford and other Picture Frames made to order. Furniture repaired and renovated. GREAT SOUTH ROAD, TINWALD, Beyond Clark’s Grain Stores. For Sole, a Light Waggon, nearly new, in good order, Price £22. A good chance for anyone requiring a useful conveyance cheap. 34Gc-774g HALLO! HILLO! QUILL AGAIN. REDUCTION IN PRICES. BOTTLED WINES & SPIRITS. T. QUILL, SEEING the necessity of a Wholesale Bottling, Wine, and Spirit Store in Ashburton, has determined to supply that want, and therefore begs to submit the following list of Prices, every article guaranteed to be of the best and purest description. PRICE LIST. Brandy Flasks, 2s. and 4s. per flask. Fine Old Port, per Bottle, ss. and Gs. Superior old Dry Montelado, (old Sherry) ss. & Gs. Very old Scotch Whisky, per Bottle ss. Fine old Irish Whisky, per Bottle, ss. Superior old Jamaca Rum, per Bottle, ss. Fine old Martelle’s Dark Brandy, per Bottle, ss. Hennessey’s Brandy, per Bottle, Gs. Superior Square Gin (J.D.K.Z.), per Bottle, Gs. Superior Old Tom (Swain Booth’s), p>er Bottle, ss. All other brands equally Reduced. QUILL’S Assorted Dozen of Best Wines and Spirits for £3 10s, containing— -3 bottles Brandy 2 „ Port 2 ~ Rum 2 bottles Whisky 2 ~ Sherry 1 ~ Old Tom (Ready packed, and forwarded to any part of the County on the shortest notice.) One trial will prove to Quill’s customers the quality of his taps. COMMENCING MONDAY, 26th APRIL. Open from 7 a.m to 6 p.m. during winter months. Note Address— T. QUILL’S, WHOLESALE BOTTLING STORES, . . Commercial Hotel, (Near Railway Station), Ashburton. 751 g



DON’T! PLEASE! DON'T[! STOP ! DO STOP ! STOP before you give your next order for a Suit of Clothes. IF you want Style, Fit, and Quality, try the Undersigned. READ the following, then call and in spect the Goods. YARDS READY ) t ' A ' ’ : [350 GUT. ... ) JUST ARRIVED—The' best Stock of Winter Cloths to be got for money. SUPERIOR in quality to anything ever yet shown in Ashburton. ( SAMPLES ) 70 ) T 0 [7O fSELECT FROM ) Comprising the following : German Cloths, plain and fancy, the most fashionable Beaver Cloths, suitable for Winter Scotch Tweeds, assorted Mosgiel ~ „ Kaiapoi ~ ~ West of England Cloths Bedford Cords Irish Frieze, &c., &c., &c. CALL and inspect this Splendid Assort ment before you order. MOTTO: Small Profits and Quick Returns. Terms—Cash. and Finish second to none. jgCONOMY £1 Is. Cash for a Pair of Trousers £3 15s. Cash for a Tweed Suit. The Address is— G. J. F. LUBLOW, THE TAILORING DEPOT, Triangle, Ashburton, Between Post Office and Baldwin’s Central Hotel. 7S2g-380c Ball programme cards in very neat styles, with Pencils and Ribbons, printed at the Herald Office, East street, near Railway Station. fIIHE PENNY made the postal system | of England a success. So has it made the Herald. Everybody buys the Hera lp.



Business Notices. Dissolution OF Partnership. •o- OEE AND CO., ~|p>EGr to announce that they intend to DISSOLVE PARTNERSHIP on Ist SEPTEMBER. They will therefore, on Saturday, May Ist, offer the whole of their superior stock, amounting to over £20,000 worth of DRAPERY, IRONMONGERY, AND GROCERIES, AT COST PRICE. The reductions in price extends to every Department in our Business, And we trust our Customers will pay PROMPT CASH DURING SALE. All Goods will be marked in plain figures with Red Ink. ? % r All outstanding accounts must be paid at once so that partnership accounts may be adjusted. OEE & CO., ASHBURTON & RAKAIA April 24th, 1880. P.S.—A Large Shipment of Drapery Goods just opened up ex Pallala. Guns! Guns! Guns!



POWDER. SHOT. CAPS. ORE AND CO. JJAVE now on hand a very fine assortment of BREECHLOADING DOUBLE AND SINGLE-BARREL GUNS, And as these have been imported direct from the manufacturers, we are prepared to Sell at the most]_Reasonable_,_Prices — From £2 10s t02£25. ORE AND CO 1



Business Notices. NEWS AND MAGAZINE AGENCY. STATIONERY AND FANCY GOODS DEPOT. ! RE-OPENING. iTT M. JONES begs to inform his X. customers and the public generally that he has re-opened part of the premises lately occupied by A. Weston and K. Sando and * Co. for the sale of Newspapers, Magazinse, Stationery, Fancy goods, Toys, &c. English and Colonial papers. Periodicals, &c., by each mail. Licensed to sell Stamps. Lowest prices—Terms cash. Agent for “ Ashburton Guardian,” “Ashburton Herald,’, “Ashburton Mail,” “Lyttelton Times,” “Canterbury Times,” Daily “Press,” “Weekly Press,” “Otago Witness,” “Australasian,” “Town and County Journal.” Subscribers to “ Canterbury Times” and “ AVeekly Press” can obtain their copies at the above Establishment. *l2lc THE ROYAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE FINE ARTS IN SCOTLAND. Founded in 1833. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1847. THE object of this Association— the first established in the United King domfor similar purposes is to advance the cause of Art in Scotland, by afford ing encouragement to its professors : I. The Association is composed of Annual Subscribers of One Guinea and upwards. 11. The Funds of the Association are appropriated to the purchase of Modern Works of Art, in Painting, Drawing, or Statuary, and to the execution or purchase of Engravings, Etchings, Bronzes, Bas reliefs, Models, or other productions of Ai't, for distribution among Subscribers. A portion of the Funds is also devoted to the acquisition of Modern Works of Art towards the formation of a National Gal lery. 111. A General Meeting of the sub scribers is annually held in July, when a Committee of Management is appointed for the ensuing year, and when the different Works purchased for the Associa tion become, by lots publicly drawn, the property of individual Members—Sub scribers being entitled to one chance for every Guinea subscribed. lAh Each Subscriber of One Guinea is entitled to receive one plain impression of the Engraving or Engravings issued for the year of his Subscription—a Subscriber of Two Guineas, one proof impression or impressions after letters—of Five Guineas, one proof impression before letters Y. Members may select one of the Association’s Statuettes for each £l, Is. subscribed, in lieu of the Engraving lor the year, by payment at the time of sub scribing of such additional sum as may from time to time be fixed by the Com mittee, the expense and risk of carriage to be undertaken by the subscriber, and no Member to be allowed to chose more than one copy of each Statuette in any one year. Note. —The following are the prices fixed by the Committee for the Statuettes already issued by the Association, viz., Sir Walter Scott, £2, 10s.; Professor Wilson, £2, 10s. ; Corrinna, £5 ; Pene lophon ;£5 ; Ruth, £5. These prices give no additional chances in the drawing for the prize AVorks of Art, and are in addition to the Annual Sub scription. 1 LAN FOR THE CURRENT YEAR, ISBO. The Presentation AVoi’k will consist of an important Etching by the well-known and successful Etcher, M. Rajon of Paris, after the Painting by the late G. Paul Chalmers, R.S.A., ‘The Legend,’ pur chased by the Association for the Scottish National Gallery. Every Subscriber of One Guinea to the Funds of the Assoeiation for the ensuing year will be entitled to One Print Im pression of the Etching, besides one chance in the Distribution of Paintings in July 1880 ; every Subscriber of Two Guineas will be entitled to One Lettered Proof Impression besides two chances in in the distribution ; and every Subscriber of Five Guineas will he entitled to One Proof before letters, signed by M. Rajon, besides five chances at the distribution. Of these last there will be only one hun dred impressions, so that early application for them should be made, as they will be given off according to priority of subscrip tion. There will also be Ten First Proofs taken before all others. These will bo in exceedingly choice condition, and each Subscriber of Twenty Guineas will be entitled to one of them, and to twenty chances in the distribution of Paintings. Circulars, Forms of Application, and urtlier particulars at this office. THE ASHBURTON HERALD. AND Borough and County Advertises. npHE following are AGENTS for the 1 Sale of the “ Ashburton Herald” in Town : H. M. Jones, Stationer, Baring square. E. A. Garnett, Perfumer, Hairdresser, Etc., Montgomery’s Buildings. WASTE PAPER for Sale, 3d. per lb at the Herald Office. Apply early. 59a LABOURERS requiring work can secure first opening by applying early at Herald Registry Office, on pay ment of Is. TIT ANTED, those in search of employ- VV ment, to call and enter their names at Herald Registry Office, on pay ment of Is. TALE. —The Herald publishes a por tion of a readable story ever Even ng. Read it . _ - :