FARMERS' COLOUMN.

CHKESE AN D El T L*Ji.R FACTORIES. | By.T. B. MacEwan, Chief D.iry Kxpert. KiIKLTKII I'OK COWS Cntnfoi'Mtdlt) condiiioiis t kiq a fi s^ rn-c^ssity m the vconura cirpi'i.dnctiuu of nil 1:. Wht-n cowd »re » xpoei d to ex trtrnes cf h^nt and cod tho rcjuults are nor. favourable. Durirg the « : txces^ive beit of thy Mimmsr months protection ir m .he exhaustive influences cf ihe sun (•huuld be arrf n>bd for m the paddocks by tn« planting of shaco trees or by any i) hvr s mplo method. Cl»An, well ven ila'eii stablt-8 are recommendtd for the winter months, when iho weather ib ch-uig' fiblo. acjompanltd by cold, chilling ruins, irost »(i«l Biiuvr. It i* against all laws of nacure to expect niilch cows to continue i-n ■ q ial mpply under unoom fortablo cndiiJuus an whf.n they nrn diy, Otftn, »nd contHi'vd. ExpcrlnuiniH aucl pr>oicai oxperiiiwo pn.ve. that ilih m'-.^ttr the di comf. r<s ih-V Kmnllor >he qn mtity and the poorer the quality of the milk given per day. The additional cost of sustenance by exposure is an important consideration when considering whether it will pay or not to provide shaker and f f c 1 for tho inclement months. In theory it is absolutely necessary to provide shelter and oimfort. In economy of practice, where cheap succulent feeds can be produced, it is not a question of will ft pay, bnt it is^ the only thiog that will pay. In the handling of dairy cows it w always profitable to make such arrangements as will insure their comf orb and contentment. MILKING Cleanliness m every particular should be observed. Remove any dirt adhering to the udder with a clean damp cloth, and milk with dry hands. Ie is no more difficult to milk with dry hands than with wet, and ib is certainly more cleanly. Tho milking should ha done quietly and gently. Dogs should not be employed to drive the cows to the milkiog yards -or stables. No loud talking or disturbances that will irritate (he cows should be allowbd, and, as far as possible, the milking of each cow should be done by the same person, and at equal intervals. The usa of the log-rope is not teonm mendod, as It is a disturbing element;, and should not be necessary when the cows are quietly handled. The. milk should be scrained immediately after milking,' to remove any impurities that may have fallen into it; ABKATION, Ton often i* the proper care of the milk neglected. All mi k— night and morning — should be aired as soon as possible after being drawn from the cow by exposing it m a thin spray to a pure atmosphere, by pouring, dipping, or by running through perforated surfaces. "That neglect implies three things thab are very injuri ous to its qaality : (1; The peculiar odour which the cow imparts to the milk will be left m i- until it becomes fixed m its flavour; (2) the germs of fermentation that come m the milk and from tha air have the best conditions for growth and ac'.inn when the milk is left undisturbed ; (3) ths milk will become m a degree unfit for perfect coagulation by rennet. Hence ie is needful and advantageous to i crate it, for three reasons : — "First, because by pouring. dippiDg, stirring, or by trickling ie over an exposed surface, there is eliratnated from the milk by evaporation &ny objectionable volatile element that may be m it. " Secondly, because, as has already bean stated, the milk contains germs of fermentation. A strange peculiarity about some of these microbes ia than they become active only m thu absence of fre« oxygen. When warm new milk is left, undisturbed, carbonlcacicl gas is gnner ated, and that furnishes tho b9t condition for the. commencement of action by' these aim 8t invisible creatures. After they g«t started they keep up their decomposing work, even m the presence of oxyg-an. It is impracticable to perfectly coapulnte such milk bo as to yield a fine quality of keeping- cheeso. Coagulation by the use of rennet of milk that is ripe can novtr be perfect unless it be thoroughly •• o -at ad immediately after it is taken from the cuitr. Neglect of aeration will increase the quantity of milk required lo msko a pound of fine cheese. "Thirdly, because the airing seems to give vigor to the germs of fermentation that will bring about an acid oondiiion of the milk without produoinw thu.acid. So much m this so, \hvt ib has been found impracticable to make strictly first class Oheddnr cheese from mi)k that has nut been < c "ated." F«r cheese making the cooling of tho milk by the me of water.after aeration, is only recommended when the mghts are very warm, as an additional precaution against development of lactic aoid, bub on ordinary cool nights, when the tempera ture is no«; above seventy or seventy-live degrees Fahr., thorough aeration la suffi cient.

For bvt:ter-iMskiijj» m ihe summer months the ad< ifiur.al aJvanimgis of ie-' ducing the temperntnre by (he u«q «f warer afdr aiiiug is that the milk i> delivered inn sweeter cuililion »fc thi factory or t:re- miy, facUlaiing the hand ■ injr »;f the c e j .m u> hotter ridvantage, and hllowh-o 1 1" The frk>m miik being reiurned m a iwwier condition for feeding pnr»oßt>B. It is advisible to divide th» mi k imo sm 11 Jots over night. The milk should bo stirred once or twice after ( c ation, especially the last; thing at night, as it ia an add tion preventive Againat she sppiration of the croam from the milk. When this is attended to Ib is unusual to see clots of cresm on the milk whtr> delivered.

INTERPROVINCIAL.

JIVAII FlltEft Atjckxaxd, February 21 Fires aro raging nil over the Whangarel district. ; The. township iB enveloped m smoke. It was hoped the last rains would have successfully quenched the fires m Puhipuhi bush, but those hoped have not been realised, despite the efforts of the ranger, Mr H. S. Wilson, who pub on parties of men to fight the fire, which is burning more fiercely than ever. Accounts of extensive damage to pasture and destruction of stock are coming m. Otui fore-t reaerva, South Whangarei, i* a'so attacked by fire, which is doing much damage. It is stated that m a short time the forest will be rendered valueless. .There are bash fires also at Paparoa, which iia.ve destroyed orchards, pastures, and fencing. Red fern's house at Maretua, unoccupied, has been destroyed. Settlers have lost stock m the district, the smoke suffocating the an mtls. '■hn Scottish A ucklntuinr* Tho Hon. VV. McCulloch, M.L.0., who leaves Ly the San Francisco steimer for Home, Ins been appointed to represent Auckland, and is the accredited repre sentative of the Auckland Burns Olub at the ScottisK JNational demonstrarion and (he unveiling of the sta'.uu of Highland Mary. A DFciv A««ocl«tlon A Ladies' Health Association has been formed to promote domestic hygiene, ihe train n ; of c!ildren m health matters, and i uprovemaat m cookery.

PHASES OF THE MOON.

MB ABHBUEtON GtJAltbiAtf : SATtRDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1896.

Printed and Published by the Ashbnrton Publishing Company, Limited, at their Steam Printing Office, Burnett Street . Ashburton. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1896



FiiB^UARY - d h m First Quarter ... 22 8 45 am Full Moon .;. 29 7 21 am March — L. .»l Quartt r ... 610D9 pm N is w Moon ... 14 10 18 pm F.rsr Quarter ... 22 11 27 pm Full Moon ... 29 4H2 pu i



Public Notices. MR W. T. WEBSTEK'S WOOL SCOURING WORKS, Near the Abhburton Bridge, Will he Closed UNTIL MARCH. W. T. WEBSTER, ASHBURTON SCOURING WORKS TRY GALLIOHAN'S A.c. Ointment A wonderful and unsurpassable preparation A SURE CURE for Bronchitis Severe Colds, Burns, Boils, Ear- ache, Sore Legs, Chilblains, etc. Price, Is 6d ; from Cneinists and Stores GALLIOHAN'S A.C. OINTMENT Is also specially prepared for Veter- inary use, and as a Horse and Cattle Dressing will be found faithful m its operation For all kind of Sores, Cracked and Greasy Heels and Wounds on Hoises, or Sore Teats on Cows, etc., give it one trial, and its virtue and cheapness wil be for ever established. Sold everywhere. Price, 2s 6d TRY GALLJOHAN'S A.C. VEGETABLE PLLLS For Constipation, Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Indigestion, Want of Appetite, Female and all Stomach and Liver Com- plaints, etc. There is no humbug about these Pills- Their extensive use is a guarantee of their Purity and Goodness. Thirty Pills m every Box, and one Pill sufficient for a dose. Give them a trial Price, Is 6d everywhere TRY GALLIOHAN'S A.C. CORN CUKE. It Is a most Wonderful Preparation and will remove any Corn (haed or soft.) It also removes the matter that provides food for tbe Corn, without m any way injuring the feet. Directions with every pot, and are easily carzied out Price, Is everywhere MR G. P. HOATTEN,: Ashburton, represents Gallichan's A.C. Preparations m Canterbury, and all business must) conducted through him ; EDWIN CAUJCHAN, PROPRIETOR AND MANUFACTURER, Ashurst, Manawatu, N.Z LOCAL AGENTS.— Mrs Adams, Saunders' Buildings ; H. K. Bonnington, Chemist, East Street ; Shearman Bbos , Burnett Street 12 45 •\TATIONAL MORTGAGE AND 1\ AGENCY COMPANY of NEW ZEALAND, Limited. Capital £1,000,000. Paid-up £200,000 HEAD OFFICE: 8 Great Winchester Street, London BRANCHES: Christclmrch, Dnnedin, Timaru, Oaraaru, Invercargill, Wellington & Melbourne WOOL FOR LOCAL SAL OR SHIPMENT. THE NATIONAL MORTGAGE AND AGENCY COMPANY OF NEW ZEALAND, Limited, are making Advances on Large or Small Wool Clips intended for either local Bale or shipment to London, at Lowest Current Rates of Interest and FREE of COMMISSION Wool for Local Sale should be con signed to— - NATIONAL MORTGAGE, CHRIST- CHCTKCH, and when for Shipment to NATIONAL MORTGAGE, LYTTELTON We have made very complete arrange- ments m London for the disposal of Wool and can place our clients upon moat favorable terms The Company's Shipments from the South Island alone last season amounted to over 18)000 Bales. Clients are reminded t at the Com panya Articles of Association provide for Proceeds of Wool and Produce being Secure* under Separate Trust tor the special account of principals WOOLPACKS, SEAMING TWINE and all Station Requisites supplied at Lowest Bates Note— Wool consigned to the Company at Ly ttslton for Shipment will be received into the Shaw, Savill and Albion^Sheds Free of Charge G. F.MARTIN, Manager, Chriatchurch. W.WALLIS, 10 119 Agent, Aehbnrton. NOTICE OF REMOVAL. "IX7HILST heartily thanking my y * numerous Friends and Customers for the liberal patronage they have accorded me during the last six years m the Arcade, I earnestly solicit a continn* ' ance of their favors m my NEW PREMISES, NEXT DOOR TO MR SALEK, EAST STREET, Where I keep nothing but the very best of BOOTS AND SHOES, And decline to give shop room to rubbish REPAIRS A SPECIALTY* Remember, I do not ask yon to pay for needless expenditure on my part to draw your attention to my goods. You require but one glance to see that their quality is of the highest, and their price fair. Don't forget> the name, O'CONNOB'S BOOT SHOP, EAST STREET. 3 fIfANTED Known— Great Reduction at YV Mellor's Cheap Boot Fale.



, ' Business Notices COMMEXCJNG jf^fW^S^ M^Mlz^l COMMENCING FEBRUARY 1, 1896, FEBRUARY 1. JANDELLS AND SON, BURNETT STREET, (next Mail Office), ONE MONTH ONLY. AUR " EXPRESS ' BICYCLE is the Lightest, Strongest, and Fastest, and V is built ON THE PREMISES by, not a self-taught man, but a thoroughly educated Mechanic with twenty years practical experience. BICYCLES of every description, including Ladies', Front Drivers, and Safetys. Prices from £5 to J825. As we have a large Stock on hand, we have determined to give our Patrons the advantage of securing a Really Good Machine, CHEAP. We give twelve months' guarantee with each machine. It is to your advantage to purchase your Bike from a LOCAL MANUFACTURER. 1136 All kinds of Pneumatic Tyres converted into Dunlopa (Detachable) TT7E ABB CASH BUYERS OF WHEAT, OATS BARLEY, RYEGRASS, COCKSFOOT, AND OATEN SHEAF CHAFF, m large or [small quantities JUST LANDED, ex Mount Sivlou,— •jAAA BALES CORNSAOK& Full size and full weight. ■ ■■.iViTna'P* i i ii FEIEDLANDEE BBOTHIBS, LTD. DAVID THOMAS, (Late Matson, Cox and Co.) Auctioneer, Land, Insurance & Estate Agent, Valuator, Wool and Grain Broker, ASHBURTON. Loans Negotiated Weekly Sales of Live Stock — Tinwald and Asbburton" Alternately Fortnightly Sales of Sheep Skins, Fats, Hides, etc., on Sales 'A Wool Throughout the Season Grain Bought and Sold on Commission Olearijg Sales as per arrangements AGENT FOE— Matson and Co, Ohristchurch Booth, McDonald and Co, Ohristchurch White's Sheep Dip Massey-Harris Reaper aud Binder London and Lancashire Insurance Company Graham's Foot Rot Composition Wright, Stevenson and Co, Dunedin Planet Junior Garden and Field Tools Belfast Manures I beg to inform my Rakaia Clients and others that I have appointed Mr W Barcook as my Agent m the Ttakaia district DAVID THOMAS, Ashburton T HAVE the undermentioned . Properties for Sale, viz., 280 acres Charing Orose, well fenced, all m grass 160 acres First-class Swamp Land, thoroughly improved, Flomington 62 acres First-class Land, Eiffelton 1050 acreß Dromore, m grand ardor 330 acres Inssock, Maronan 300 acres Tussock, Linmore 486 acres Good Land, splendidly grassed, Lismore I hold Auction Sales of Sheepßkins, Hides, Fat, Etc., every fortnight throughout the season Belfast Freezing Co.'s Manures, I CAN S U P P L V Superphosphates, Blood Manure, Potato Manure, Bone Meal, and Bone Dust, IN LARGE OR SMALL QUANTITIES GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICE OF PLANET JB. TOOLS- David Thomas, ASHBURTONj THK Ohristchurcli Meat Company, Ltd. »^« -. : HAVING LARGELY INCREASED the Freezing capacity, and Slaughtering and Storage Accommodation of the Works at ISLINGTON, Are m a position Meet All the Requirements of the District daring the Coming Season, and are prepared to FEEE^} FOB FAEMERS Or Purchase Sheep and Lambs on the ground at HIGHEST MARKET VALUES |



Public Notices. J THE VIOLIN. : MISS PACKER, member of the Canterbury Society of Professional Musicians, is prepared to give Lessons on clie nbove instrument at her rooms, Saunders' Buildit gs. i Fer terms, etc., apply Box 87, P.O. VT. Bowman Fox, A CCOUNTAKT & GENERAL AGENT LOANS NEGOTIATED. Agent — Royal Exchange Assurance Co , Jeye's Sheep Dip and Dis- infectants, Tea. TBIS ARCADE. ALFRED CURTIS, GRAIN BROKKR AND COM- MISSION AGENT, ARCADE. 1 66 TO FARMERS, SHEEPOWNEKS & OTHERS IHAVK much pleasure m Informing my Farming Friends, that owing to the demands of my ever-increasing buel- ness, I AM COMPELLED TO HAVE A RESIDENT AUCTIONEER, And to fill this position, MR DAVID ZANDER, Who has been attending the sales for some years now, and has a thorough knowledge of all kinds of stock, HAS STARTED AS AUCTIONEER, and will REPRESENT ME AT THE YARDS and CONDUCT ANY CLEARING SALES entrusted to him. I only ask for a FAIR PATRONAGE, and having been m the district for many years, my interests arc identical with those of the farmers and othera who patronise me. ACCOUNT" SALES Will be rendered promptly as heretofore j LIBERAL CASH ADVANCES Will be made against Stock of any description AT LOWEST RATES. HENRY ZANDER, General Merchant. DAVJD ZANDER, Auctioneer. Henry Zander "O A S HOW.FOB SAL E— Cornsacks (f ull-sized) Cornsacks Seaming Twine (5 ply) ' India, China and Ceylon Teas (Direct from tho Growers) Mauritius and Queensland Sugars Wines and Spirits Ales and Stout Manning and Co.'s Colonial Ale GUNS (Hollis) GUNS Ammunition. Ammunition. Of Every Description Barbed and Fencing Wire Bansomes and Hornsby's Plough-Shares Crockery and Glassware, Etc. Highest Market Prices Paid FOR GRASS AND CLOVER SEEDS, OATS AND OATEN; SHEAF CHAFF *■ Clearing Sales Conducted, and Saleyards Begutorfy Attended under the supervision of Mr David Zander, Auctioneer. Henry .Zander, GENERAL MEKOHANT WOOL, STOCK AND STATION AG BNT AGEN fIf 3TOR— Snn Fire lnsuraj ice Office Australian Mat' ial Pvovident Soctety £ 1 ANTED K^owti— Speotaoleß, fiye »V Proteo* /sks. Guggles, Folders, and rerything J A the optic* lino at 8. M.EX 8, Op' ksXvn X7ANTJ fa Known— TSuots and Shoea fY fro .ml.if.-3ji (o '-SSTa 6d — Hiiua'i heap B t Bale,







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UVVN Make m l.««Jiv;B *nd Children' Undei clothing. Aprons, and Piua foros ; rtli-o a good ttaeorcim-nt of Calicoes, MusJin.s, FUnneltfttos, Trimmings, etc., at ivjks Alcoaws new shop, Baker's JtJuiMin^a,



I For Indigestion, the best remc-dy is un do ibtedly Morton's Camomile Pxixs. They can, cotiljdently be recoinmeuded as bein^.- m ild m operation and absolutely free fron> injurious drugs. Acting at once as a aplen- di I tonic and a gentle aperient. For nearly 10 ) years tiiey have proved u:Lequalie<l for Tnd gostiim, i>y.> pepsin, sick Headache and for Liver and SUuimoh complaints. i-o!d io boti.leH ly I£<l, -2» Ud, and Jls, by all Wedi- oin • Vernloih (.nroiigimut. the world. A irn I*?. «<"i •»»•'• v.friM.m rmnviiv



* A' aVKH &. M<>»» JKuciil.rixi Kitraci Thare ar • Imltntioiie of Eucalypti^ Extract m Uu cnarkec now, jirwtucts ot" Bimi'lo (liKtillation forming rude resii nua oils. In order that Hicfo crude nils u>:ty not bo taken, OCH PUHK VuLATILR KtJCAbYPTj liMn-vCT, whio' 1 is recovuited by the mndicnl ■vI-mu- fit ihe Ptni^Jan Government to fee of per- octci.v pure oKiK'n> ns tnoir m formation forwarded to ik turcu{r'. tiie Cooiiiil at Molbonrnr, Murch 2, 1878 c ■"tut* . - I» proved by tests by the Medical Clinica o: iba Univereitiiv at ikiiin uu<i Griefawal", Prussia, an. cporteii by Ui Bchnlz, I'rofeKsor of Pnrmsicology, at Bon, uad ProfeHSor Dr Mosler, Director of tl»i Mertical Clinic at Grctfswald, that only product* that ire saturated with oxygon and freed of aouls.resinoCf *nd other subetances, adhorcnt to primary distillation) -vill develope the sanative quulities ijroper to the plant iccorchug to these authorities, and according to Pro- >e3sor Dr Lister of England, and to l)ra Bauer Molntirc, Wood, Hazard, etc., of America, is the only ixtroot corresponding to scientific tests, and the enly on which possesses the propor therapeutic value. Sander & Son's Eucalypti Extract All other crude oils are to be classed among the turpentines, which hi»ve, when used es medicine, no therapeutic effect and arc abandoned as an interna inedJcaaieiit. Ineis so oollcd Eucalypti Extracts which may have received extinction at Exhibitions M ommercipl articles are used for mcohanioal pnr- osea are only diacernibte: — By their deficiency In pungent odour (which our product, the only genuine Kucalypti Extracts de- velopes most freely through its surplus of oxygen) By their alcoholic thin "and mobile appearance, being rocuoed m specific density through the presence of acids By their taste, tho result of th contracting ten dency of rodas and tennatea. if these crude oils, so called eucalypti extracts are applied by mistake m cases 0 croup, bronchitis, diph tberia, internal infammations, dysentery, wounds, th- jofttequences are appalling For safety always ask (o SANDUR AND SON 8 KUCAMTPTI EXTRACT and gO sac old, well-tea 'ed nnl reliable preparation.— Sand hurst, Viotoria, Australia SANDER AND SONS'



NERVOUS DEBILITY Resultingffronf Impoverished Blood, Cured by, the Use of Ayer s Sarsaparilla. Head the following remarkable testimony of Mrs. M. A, Helleur, of Eusaox St., North Adelaide, So. Australia, whose portrait is given above : "Some years ago, I suffered very severely from soreness and general weakness of the system, being so badly affected that I feared even to go rom one room to another, on account of the strange objects that appeared to flit before me. My doctor, after treating me for some time, without any benefit, at last recommended me to try Ayer's Sarsaparilla. I took ms advice, and am pleased to say that the effect was really wonderful. v igour was restored to my system, my nerves were strengthened, my spirits brightened, and I was enabled to return to my usual occupations. I might pay that several of my friends and relatives have used Ayer's Sarsaparilla with like beneficial results. I believe it to be the best health -restorer that has ever been offered to the suffering masses." HWETD'© A THEONLY •■! Hi LX o Sarsaparilla With Highest Awards at the World's Great Expositions. AVER'S PILLS, for Biliousness and Indigestion