FARMERS' COLUMN.

MILK FOR CHEESE AND BUTTER FACTORIES. By J. B. MacEwan, Chief Dairy Expert. Developments and increased knowledge m the manufacture of the finest qualities of dairy products emphat-ize the necessity for tho delivery of milk at choase and btuter factories and creameries m a pure and wholesome condition. Excellence of quality m the finished product will be Urgely governed by the care and attention given by milk-suppliers to this branch of the industry. The very stability of the dairy industry of the country depends upon the intelligent and painstaking efforts of the dairymen, to produce the raw material m tho moat economical manner, enabling them to meet tho keen competition of other countries, and to dtJiver th» milk m the best condition, roi daring it possible to manufacltiro an artic 0 of uniform ex.tllenoo ot quality that will command the very highest prices available, and establish an enviable rt putation for the country. BKEED CF COWS. A variety of opinions exist as to the best breerf of cows for the supplying of mUk to cheese and butter factories, many believing that there are certain, breeds adapted for butter-making purposes and others for cheese-making, but more exact information obtained In recent years disproves these beliefs, and the fact is t)«w well established that the quantify and quality of milk combined indicates its true commercial value for either oheese or butter-making. Certain breeds are more noted for quality than quantity, others for quantity more than quality, and others, again, equally balanced m these important qualifications ; but, under the equitable system of paying for milk according to the percent age of fat contained, quantity and quality are equally important Another very essential feature m dairy cows is that of rwponriing to good fetdna and kind auc\ c»niful hsuirlHug by an increased quantify. The m<n«ra! -purpose cow ly winch *n votempt is iwiitj u> couiVii,-

milk and r^ef-pr ducing; qualities has n<>> been f^und to be a profitable one. If a beef-producing anraal is desired, it is well to breed for that purpose, but m a dairy cow the object should be to secure an animal that will respond by giving all — over and above the requirements of the system— m the mlk pail. The best breed of cows — the basin ess cow — for modern requirements combines quantity and quality at the smallest cost of production, responding to liberal and jadicious feeding and careful handling. It is better to have a small herd, and every one a good cow, than a large one containing many unprofit able animals ; and every dairyman-should adopt means by which at 1 the end of each year an approximate estimate of the number of pounds of milk given and the ! pounds of fat contained from every cow could be arrived at, rendering an intelli gent selection easy, and by breeding from the best cows only and thoroughbred bulls from good milch families a splendid herd would be secured at a small cost. FEED. Careful attention should be exercised m providing an abundance of cheap, succulent, wholesome, nutritious feed. Ib only pays to feed well, and when the summer grass is watery and weak m feed ing substance it is judicious to allow of orushed or chaffed oats, bran, and oiher grains being fed. "Nothing excitis Buch a liberal secretion of milk as grass, bub it is well to for'ify the cow's system by the addition of toiid foods. To guard against shortage of feed at certain times of the year, provision should be made fur the growing of green feed, such as oats, barky, wheat-, and vetches mixed, mangolds, and Indian corn, judgment beiog used as to which Is best adapted for the varying conditions m different parts of the.country. Where conditions are favorable for the growing and maturing of Indian corn, it will be found to be one of the best and cheapest fecd9 for the production of milk, and id is specially adapted for winter fseding by either dry-curing or by the use of silos. Turnip* 1 , turnip tops, rape, or anything of j a similar nature should never bo fed to j milkii-g cows, us they frequently give ; off.insiv« flavours to the milk, which I detracts from the quality and value of the i finiehsd article. Cowa should have free ; scftfHfc to s*lt daily. This applies more ! particularly to parts rerao c fr«,m ihe sea. ;' •'Xyerimen's go ro sh w that the milk from cows h vim? free access to salt, as c-mpaml with those that have not, will keuj) from Routing twenty-foar hours longer, and the cows will give from 14 to ' 17 per cent more milk, all other condi- i tions of treatment, being equtJ. WATER. ; , Gown should always have free access to : a plentiful supply of pure water. (Cvery reasonable precaution should be taken to guard against their drinking stagnant, impure water, or water which has been contaminated by decaying animal matter. < The milk from cows which drink such water is a continual menace and danger to the public health ; and the quality oE ' the manufactured article — cheese snd butter —is depreciated m commercial ' value. Cows which are denied a sufficient quantity of pure wafer will not give as T much milk, or milk of as good quality, as j when plenty of water is supplied irif* wholesome feed.

and

Hflß ABHBCMQS GttAßbUti : WESbAS, FEBRtUB* 18, iss»B.

Printed and Published by the Ashbnrton Publishing Company, Limited, at their Steam Printing Office, Burnett Street Aahburton. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1898



Public Notices. ME W. T. WEBSTER'S WOOL SCOURING WORKS, Near the Ashburton Bridge, Will be Closed UNTIL MARCH. W« T. WEBSTER, ASHBURTON SCOURING WORKS TRY GALLIOHAN'S A.G. Ointment A wonderful and unsurpassable preparation A SURE CURE for Bronchitis il Severe Golds, Burns, Boils, Ear- ache, Sore. Legs, Chilblains, etc. Price, Is 6d ; from Chemists and Stores GALLIOHAN'S A.C. OINTMENT Is also specially prepared for Veter- inary use, and as a Horse and Cattle Dressing will be found faithful m its operation For all kind of Sores, Cracked and Greasy Heels and Wounds on Horses, or Sore Teats on Cows, etc , give it one trial, and its virtue and cheapness wil" be for ever established. Sold everywhere. Price, 2s 6d TRY GALLIOHAN'S A.O. VEGETABLE PILLS For Constipation, Dyspepsia, Sick Headache, Indigestion, Want of Appetite, Female and all Stomach and Liver Com- plaints, etc. There iB no humbug about these Pills- Their extensive use is a guarantee of their Purity and Qoodness. Thibty Pills m every Box, and one Pill sufficient for a dose. Give them a trial Price, Is 6d everywhere TRY GALLIOHAN'S A.C. CORN CUKE. Ib is a most Wonderful Preparation and will remove any Corn (hard or soft.) It also removes the matter that provides food for the Corn, without m any way injueing the Feet. Directions with every pot, and are easily cartied out Price, Is everywhere MR G. P. HOATTEN, Ashburton, represents Gallichan's A.C. Preparations m Canterbury, and all business must conducted through him EDWIN CALLIGHAN, PROPRIETOR AND MANUFACTURER, Ashurst, Manawatn, N.Z LOCAL AGENTS — Mas Adams, Sannders' Buildings ; H. E. Bonnington, Ohemisb, East Street ; Shearman Beos , Burnett Street 12 45 STATION AL MORTGAGE AND JL> AGENCY COMPANY op NEW ZEALAND, Limited. Capital £1,000,000. Paid-up £200,000 HEAD OFFICS: 8 Great Winchester Street, London BRANCHES: Christchurch, Dnnedin, Timaru, Oamaru, Invercargill, Wellington & Melbourne WOOL FOR LOCAL SAL OR SHIPMENT. THE NATIONAL MORTGAGE AND AGENCY 'COMPANY OF NEW ZEALAND, Limited, are making Advances on Large or Small Wool Clips intended for either local sale or shipment to London, at Lowest Current Rates of Interest and FREE of COMMISSION Wool for Local Sale should be con signed to— NATIONAL MORTGAGE, CHRIST- CHUACH, and when for Shipment to NATIONAL MORTGAGE, liYTEELTON We have made very complete arrange- ments m London for the disposal of Wool and can place our clients upon most favorable terms The Company's Shipments from the South Island alone last season amounted to over 18,000 Bales. Clients are reminded fc at the Com panys Articles of Association provide for Proceeds of Wool and Produoe being Secured under Separate Trust for the special account of principals WOOLPACKS, SEAMING TWINE and all Station Requisites supplied at Lowest Bates Note — Wool consigned to the Company atLyttalton for Shipment will be received into the Shaw, Savill and Albion* Sheds Free of Chabqe G. F. MARTIN, Manager, Christchurch. W. WALLIS, 10 119 Agent, Ashburton. IWENTY-FIVE POUNDS REWARD TITE, THE UNDERSIGNED, hav- ing for several years now, suffered from having Castings and Extras Removed and Stolen from New and Second-hand Machinery m our possession hereby offer a REWARD of £25 for suoh, information as will lead to the conviction of any offender, D. THOMAS, per A. F. FBIEDLANDEft BROS., Ltd, per Hugo Friedlander, Managing Director JOHN ORR & CO. 1 86 TI7AJNTED Known—Great Reduction at VV Mkllor's Cheap Boot Fale. WANTED Known— Speotacles, Eye Protectors, Goggles, Folders, and everything m the opUca line at S. Snares, Optician



Business Notices, TT7 E ARE CASH BUYERS OF WHEAT, OATS BARLEY, RYEGRASS, COCKSFOOT, AND OATEN SHEAF CHAFF, m large or [small quantities JUST LANDED, ex Mount Siviou,— 1 000 BALES CORNSAOK& Full size and full weight. FRIEDLANDER BROTHERS, LTD. PAQU boots & shoes OACU UMOn. BOOTS & SHOES UAuil. GREAT VARIETY, """"" CHEAPEST AND BEST. USEsans McltoiVALi) X iWcl>iaruiii> HAVE great pleasure m announcing that their premises m East street are Stocked with the Largest Variety of Boots and Shoes ever seen m Ashburton. We are making a specialty of GEN LEMEN'S BOOTS, All kinds kept m stock. Try Our Own Make Hand-sewn to Meaeur Try the Electric Boots— specially Imported Try the Oookham— beat m the market Try Our Own Make m French Calf. East India Kip and Colonial Kip A special import of thick rubber Tennis Shoes m Ladies 1 and Gentlemen's. Try the INCOMPARABLE. Ladies* Walking Strap Shoeß m great Variety. Ladies' Shoes m Beetive, Wolfe, Otto Herz, Beehive, Oceana, and all the Beßt Continental goods. A large assortment of Our Own Make also to cboese from. Children's Dainty Shoes for the holidays. Canvas Shoes i every description — Blaok Brown, White and Blue. SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE SPECIALLY FINE ASSORTMENT OF BABIES' SHOESi Repairing efficiently done at the Shortest notice. TRY THE CASH BOOT SHOP. McDonald & mcdiarmid, East street, Ashburton, and at Oamaru and Waimate. DAVID THOMAS, (Late Matson, Cox and Co.; Auctioneer, Land, Insurance & Estate Agent, Valuator, Wool and Grain Broker, AfiS H B U R T O N. « Loans Negotiated Weekly Sales of Live Stock — Tinwald and Ashburton" Alternately Fortnightly Sales of Sheep Skins, Fats, Hides, etc., on Sales 'A Wool Throughout the Season Grain Bought and Sold on Commission Clearing Sales as per arrangements AGENT FOR— Matson and Co, Ohristchurch Booth, McDonald and Co, Ohristchurch White's Sheep Dip Massey-Harris Reaper and Binder London and Lancashire Insurance Company Graham's Foot Rot Composition Wright, Stevenson and Co, Dunedin Planet Junior Garden and Field Tools . Belfast Manures I|beg to inform my Rakaia Clients and others that I have appointed Mr W Baroook as my Agent m the Rakaia district DAVID THOMAS, Ashburfcon T HAVE the undermentioned Properties for Sale, viz., 280 acres Charing Cross, well fenced, all m grass 160 acres First-class Swamp Land, thoroughly improved,"Flemington 62 acres First-class Land, Eifielton 1050 aores Dromore, m grand order 330 acres Tussock, Maronan 300 acres Tussock, Llsmore 486 acres Good Land, splendidly grassed, Lismore I hold Auction Sales of Sheepskins, Hides, Fat, Etc, every fortnight throughout the season Belfast Freezing Co.'s Manures, I CAN S UP PLY Superphosphates, Blood Manure, Potato Manure, Bone ;Meal, and Bone Dust, IN LARGE OR SMALL QUANTITIES GREAT REDUCTION IN PRIOB OF PLANET JB. TOOLS- David Thomas, ASHBURTONj SHE Christchurch Meat Company, Ltd. HAVING LARGELY INCREASED the Freezing capacity, and Slaughtering and Storage Accommodation of the Works at ISLINGTON, Are m a position Meet All the Requirements of the District during the Coming Season, and are prepared to F£EE&^ FOE FARMERS Or Purchaao Sheep and Lambs on the ground at HIGHEST MARKET VALUES j



PRELIMINARY NOTICE. r7/"]rir\ ACRES Excellent Summer I Gross Country, to be Leased for a term of years, with option of Pur- chase on exceptionally Easy Terms* THE ALFORD ESTATE COMPANY, Limited, intend to OFFER BY TENDER after harvest, 7000 ACBES OF IHEIR ESTATE IN FIVE BLOCKS Ranging from 600 to 2000 ACRES. Each Block has a road or river boundary all are well fenced. There are sis miles of shelter plantations, and water m every paddock. Full particulars m future advertisement. E. HERRING, 105 Alford Station. E. W. HAMMER. HAVING at last made the necessary arrangements to occupy the premises lately occupied by MESSiiS MILES AND CO., Limited, without the chance of being asked to clear out at any moment, I have much pleasure m informing OLD CLIENTB who have dene their business to a great extent on these premises, and the Public generally, that I intend to keep ia stock ALL KINDS OP GOODS WHICH ARE REQUIRED ON FARMS, LARGE OR SMALL, SUOH AS Fencing Wire, Barbed Wire, Sheep Netting, with centre strand, Binder Twine, Oornsacks, Woolpacks, Seaming Twine, Branding Oils m Blue, Fed, & BUck, Flour, Sb ar ps, Bran, Fine bait, Coarse Salt, Rock Fait, English Fuperphosphates, Bone Dust, all kinds of Agricultural Seeds, the germination of which is tried before being offered for Salo, TEA, SUGAR, Etc. I shall hold Auction Sales of STOCK and SHEEPSKINS at the usual times as heretofore, and I shall be a Cash Buyer of all sorts of GRAIN and GRASS SEEDS during the coming season. As I have pitched my camp m Ashburton, I hope to receive a share of the business goingt E. W. WANMER. West Street, December 17, 1895. " THE VIOLIN. MISS BESSIE SIMMONDB, Teacher of the Violin; Saunders' Buildings, has resumed Teaching at her rooms every afternoon, excepting Thursday. Private address— Creek Road, Allenton 1 70 LAZAEUS'S SIGHT TESTINGAND SPECIALITE SPECTACLES. Sole a^ent for Ashburton District, C g A L E X, JEWELLER, EAST STREET, ASHBURTON. T AZARUS Patented System ensures J_J comfort and correct sight. Done spoil your eyes by using badly fitting Speotaoles. Q You try the New Vtnus Tobatco



THE VIOLIN. MISS PACKER, member of the Canterbury Society of Professional Musicians, is prepared to give Lessons on the above instrument at her rooms, } Saunders' Buildings. For terms, etc., apply Box 87, P.O. 2 39 ALFRED CURTIS, GRAIN BROKER AND COM- MISSION AGENT, ARCADE. 1 66 TO FARMBES, SHEEPOWNERS& OTHEKS IHA.VE much pleasure m informing my Farming Friends, that owing to the demands of my ever-insreaaing busi* ness, I AM COMPELLED TO HAVE A RESIDENT AUCTIONEER, And to fill this position, MR DAVID ZANDER, Who has been attending the sales for some years now, and has a thorough knowledge of all kinds of stock, . HAS STARTED AS AUCTIONEER, and will REPRESENT ME AT THE YARDS and CONDUCT ANY CLEARING SALES entrusted to him. I only ask for a FAIR PATRONAGE, and having been m the district for many years, my interests are identical with those of the farmers and others who patronise me. account" sales Will be rendered promptly as heretofore- LIBERAL CASH ADVANCES Will be made against Stock of any desoriptlon AT LOWEST RATES. HENRY ZANDER, General Merchant. DAVID ZANDER, ] - Auctioneer. W. Bowman Fox, A CCOUNTANT & GENERAL AGENT LOANS NEGOTIATED. Agent — Royal Exchange Assurance Co., Jeye's Sheep Dip and Dis- infectants, Tea. THE ARCADE. V)ROFESSOR LOISETTE'S MEMORY JL SYSTEM. * In response to numerous requests from all sections of New Zealand that I should at once afford facilities to acquire my art of Assimilative memory by Correspondence on the Single Book System, and at the price of One Pound Four Shillings each pupil, I have to state that all persons wishing to learn my system should put themselves into communication with Mr P: R. Dix, of Coombes' Arcade, Auckland, who will pro- vide them with the required single book of instruction and any information necessary with the greatest possible despatch. 1 05 A. LOISETTE. r^HRISTMAS, 1895. —1 beg to thank v> my friends and the public at large for the liberal support extended to me since I started business three months ago. I have now received a quantity of Goods suitable for the Christmas and New Year trade, second to none m Ashburton, and at a price within the reach of all. A trial solicited.— E ; Mahood, East Belt Cash Store.



Business Notices Cheap Sale J^v3? °^ Bicycles, COMMENCING 'jrt^l)/^SKV M&Mllfflk COMMENCING FEBRUARY 1, 1896, FEBRUARY 1, 1896, LANDELLS AND SON, BURNETT STREET, (next Mail Office), ONE MONTH ONLY. OUR " EXPRESS ' BICYCLE is the Lightest, Strongest, and Fastest, and is built ON THE PREMISES by, not a self-taught uiau, but a thoroughly educated Mechanic with twenty years practical experience. BICYCLES of every description, including Ladies', Front Drivers, and Safetys. Prices from £5 to £25. As we have a large Stock on hand, we have determined to give our Patrons the advantage of securing a Really Good Machine, CHEAP. We give twelve months' guarantee with each machine. It is to your advantage to purchase your Bike from a LOCAL MANUFACTURER. 1 136 All kinds of Pneumatic Tyres converted into Danlops (Detachable) USE LITTLE'S SHEEP DIP. FLUID DIP, the Best Non-poisonous Dip Used and Recommended by Owners of over 6,000,000 Sheep m N.Z. alone. Price (incasks) 5s 6djper gallon. One Gallon Fluid makes 100 gallons Dip LIT HE'S POWDER DIP.' A POISONOUS DIP, combined with Glycerine — the outcome of many years' experience Wonderfully Successful. Is Displacing all other Poisonous Dips Sales have REBLED each year since introduced. EXTERMINATES VERMIN, KEEPS WOOL SOFT & BRIGHT, EASILY MIXED Cheapest and Best Poisonous Dip m the Market. wrvpi? -DPTrn? / Iv Improved Iron Kegs, 50s per cwt NOTE FKIU& | In Oagea of 10> 101 b packets> 50a per case One cwt. makes 1,000 gallons of Dip. CHIEF AGENTS— BLA.CKBURNE & CO., Chrietchurch district agent-e. W, Hannier. ABHBTJBTON-



AGENT FOR— Snn Fire Insurance Office Australian Mutual Provident Sooletjr GREAT ANNUAL SALE OP J DBAPERYj -CLOTHING & BOOTS. A NDREW f) RR WILL COMMENCE A GBEAT SALE OP SURPLUS STOCK | OF DRAPERY, CLOTHING, AND BOOTS, I PATUBDAY, THE 18th JANUARY, FOR ONE MONTH ONLY ALL GOODS MARKED AT A » LARGE REDUCTION. Men's Suits at 20s Men's Hats from 6d upwards Men's Boots from 4s 6d | Ladies' Boots half-price Children's Boots from Is i Ladies Trimmed Hate half-price < Ladies' Jackets from 4s 6d Ladiea' Gloves 6d per pair ALL GOODS WILL BE SOLD AT A SACRIFICE FOR CASH* ANDREW OBR.



Public Notices. Henry Zander £JAS NOW FOR SALE- Cornsacks (full-sized) Cornsacks Seaming Twine (5 ply) India, China and Ceylon Teas (Direct from the Growers) Mauritius and Queensland Sugars Wines and Spirits Ales and Stout Manning and Co.'s Colonial Ale GUNS (Hollis) GUNS Ammunition. Ammunition. Of Every Description Barbed and Fencing Wire Eansomes and Hornsby's Plough-Shares Crockery and Glassware, Etc. \ Highest Market Prices Paid FOB GRASS AND OLOVER SEEDS, OATS AND OATEN SHEAF CHAFF Clearing Sales Conducted, and Saleyards Eegulaiiy Attended under the supervision of Mr David Zandee, Auctioneer. Henry Zander, GENERAL MERCHANT "WOOL, STOCK AND STATION AGENT



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||4]fDEB & Mono Gdc»> There arp imitations of r rvti Extract market now, itaduct" ' rude resinons o|l» ' eucalypti « Extract m the may not bet**- jt B imple distillation forminß KXTRAtr^ ln order t h a t these crude oils PJ™**' _en,Oua Pore Volatile Bucaltpti , wbic* 1 is recoKniecd by the medical j.i of ihe PruFsiftn Government to be of pcr- otly pare irigln, as their information forwarded to us tbroupli the Consul at Melbourne, Marou 2, 1878 "ifiwwd by tests by the Medical Clinlci of tbe TJnlverßitie* at Bonn and Griefswal' , Pruwia. and eported by Dx Bchulz, rrofe»sor of Parmaoolotry, at Bon, uud Profewor Dr Mosler, Director of the Medical CHnio at Grelfswald, tbat only products tb at are saturated witb oxygen and freed of aMds, resinous and other substances, adherent to primary distUlation, will devolopo the sanative qualities itroperto the plant according to these authorities, and according to Pro- fessor vr Lifter of England, and to Drs Bauer Mclntlre, Wood, Hazard, etc., of Amonca, is the on y extract correßpond'ng to ecicntiflo testsi and the fnly on which possesses too proper therapoutio valne. Sander <fc Son's Eucalypti Extract AH other crude oils are to be classed among the turpeminffl, which hnve.when used a3 medicine, no t>ierapev.ts« effect and are abandoned as an interna mvdici'vnpxtt. Tho«« ao called Rucalypti Bxtraots which nmy havo received d'atinction at Exhibitions aa ommnrcipl jirr.icU.e :-re nsod (or mechanical pur- oses are «-'ly discernible: — By their deficiency In pnngont odour (which, our product, tbe only genuine Eucalypti Extracts de- velopes most freely through its surplus of oxygen) Vy their alcoholic thin and mobile appearance, lieing rocucod m spaciflc density through the pre^mcoofrtoiCß . By their tn?te, tho result of th contracting ten uoncy of fed is and tennatei). if these crude oils, ao called eucalypti extracts are applied by miatuim i" enßes o cronyi, bronchitis, dipb tnrria, internal jntammHtiouii, dysentery, wounds, th- cn-jßwiuuncos arc anpalling For sufety always ask to B.4HDKB AND SON'S «UnAT,VPTI EXTnAOT and EO fcti.-i old, 'vell-t.i« ed vi 1 reliable proparation.— Sand hnrrt. Viotiirtn, A ni'tmlln. vSAND • AND SONS' The great clearing sa'e of S Andkrson's stock of Boots ftiirt f'hoes, announced by MoDonald nud X'-OLiAKMit) is coming to a close within lenWayf. Seouroa pair of Boots »i( ouoiivt- tho r«flnt-.o<l prinn. 11 158 "ji US' 1 Arri^Ml. —A large variftty of aae- fji rul «"O Ornaintntal Goods, Dolls, Toys, and N-ivultiea ; also, a job lot over ono hunareil ascorted Bafckets and Muroccj and Rqsmau Lenther Handbags, to be h'Vi kc and nnder ordinary cost price at Mrs Alcorn's. y vWN Makei» I/*dies and Children's -' Uudorcloihiug, Aprotiß, and Pina- forus ; also a good assortment of Calicoea, Moßliuß, Fl»niinlottcß, Trimmings, etc., at Mrs Aicorns now shop, Baker's Bunding*. . . -AJNTI'D Kaowa — BoutH and Shoes W from Is 3i to 27a 6d.~ MJBUOB'a Cheap Booc tiale,