The Melikoff Era in Russia.

A very interesting book, which throws a lurid light on the Court of Russia during the latter days of Alexander II." (and the Princess Dol goioukv), and explains the points of difference between that monarch and his successor, has just been brought out in Paris. " From it we learn (says Mr Legge in a letter to the Realm) that Alexander Ir had a per fect mania for a German personnel, and Alexander Itl brgan his too short reign by a clearance of the invading Teutons. This was one of the paints of difference between father and son from the timo the latter became Heir- Apparent until the awful tragedy on the Catherine Canal. Tben, M. Nicho las Kotovitch, who, in his interesting volume ' L'Ercpereur Alexandra 111 et Son Entourage,' paints Russia at times in the brightest of roseate hues, tells us all about' the painful hostility adopted, from purely conscientious motives, by the then Czarevitch to some of his father's lines of policy, social as well as political. clt is true,' says the eminent Russian whom Alex ander 111 entrusted with the prepara tion of the recently-issued ' Souvenirs de Sebaatopol,' a volume utterly ig nored by the English Press, • it is true that the mesalliance of Alexander IT provoked the liveliest opposition of the Czarewitchj but the latter was compelled to bend to the inflexible will of the Emperor. It is also true that Princess Dolgorouki signed, for herself and her children, a full renunciation of (her and) their eventful rights to the throne and the prerogatives of the Im perial Family, and that she had to content herself with the title ef " Her Serene Highness the Princess Jourie ■wski," one of the appellations of the House of Romanoff, which also styles itself Zakharine and Jourieff. But the worst part of the affair was ac complished—the concubine had be sonie the legitimate spouse. A few more years of happiness, a few more intrigues of Loris Melikoff and Adler berg, and the crown of Empress, so ardently coveted, would reward those long and patient efforts/ This Loris Melikoff was the evil genius of Alex ander 11. Melikoff and the «beautiful witch' who contrived to marry the il lustrious widower very shortly after the death of the Empress Marie Feo dorovna, and had previously borne him several children, twisted the Czar roun'l their little fingers with consum mate ease and unparalleled audacity. But these things were not as yet known to the outide world. When I was in St Petersburg this beautiful Egeria was to be seen at the Winter Palace regularly installed as the con fidential adviser, secretary, friend, and what not, of Alexander 111., who was only happy when basking in her smilea, and fhe most wretched of men when not by her side. The Czar reigned, but Catherine Dolgorouki and Loris MeUkoff governed ' All the Russias ' It was the legion of Gorman officials and the Czar'd infatuation for 'the Dolgoronki' (to whom he had stood in loco parentis from her ninth year) that led to the almost total estrangement of father and son. When the Czarevitch ascended the throne he changed all that. Out went the hated Teutons; in came the real Russians. And out went Catherine !>olgorouki, now become Princess Jouriewski. Mine, her Serene Highness was escorted to Wirbal en, and told as poUtely as possible amid the (ircumstances that she was to consider lisrsHf an ex;le for all future time. MWikoff is dead : the Princess lives in great style in Paris with her family. I even read in a Trench paper that the dying Czir had sent her a reply telegram from Livadia warra'y thanking her for * kind iu qui:ies.' It is possible. Then, there was Suhouvaloff, who, a^ chief of the vaunted 'Third Section,' was always gearing Alexander 11. with intelligence of ' another Nihilist plot'; of whom it has been wittily said that every inter view which he hsd, when he was Ambassador here, with poor lord Granville brought upon the latter an attack of the gout—so inimical was he to our lamented Foreign Minister. Alexander lIF. found him rather objectionable during his father's life ; but he seems to have been forgiven, or he would hardly have been sent as Ambassador to Berlin, where he has been, and i«, persona grata. Untl Alexander 111 began his useful reign the Russian officinl world was a very hotbed of corruptioa. Mdhkoff and Adlerberg were the chief intriguers. There was a shameful traffic in Governmental posts and decorations. The ' Wilson Scandal' in France was insignificant as compared with what went on at St Petersburg during the lifetime of Alexander 11. Appoint ments in the Ministry of Domaines and in the Department of Apanages wfere greedily sought, especially by men who had held commissions in the Guards and by the'sons of noblemen who had come to grief."

THE ABHBURTON GUARDIAN: TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1895.

Printed Mid published by Jie Ashburton Publishing Company, Ltd, at their fteam printing office, Burnett Street AihbortOß TUESDAY, Mtroh 13, 1»»5



M v * ? eal^ i THE 7IOLIN. MISS BTCSSIB} SIMMONDS, Tt?»cher of I,he Violin, SAUNDERS' BUILDINGS, ASHBURTON. A CARD Mrs A. C. CI arid He, TEACHER OF PIANOFORTE, ORGAN, and SINGING COX STREET, ASHBiJRTON. Term Commences January 14. TEFMS ON, APPLICATION. Mti HOKACE A. GATES, TEACHER OF VIOLIN AND PIANO, WILL visiti'■ Ffoulngton, Waterton, Longbeaoh, Kiffelton, and Hinds during the ensuing year. Intending pupla please communicate at once. SCHOOL "o~F MUSIC, SAUNDERS' BUILDINGS. SOLE AGENT FOR THE DRESDEN PIANO COMPANY. 12142



Llewellyn Owen, Member Canterbury Society of Musicians an-i Certificated Teacher. PIANOFORTE, SINGING, & HARMONY THM New Term will commence January 14, 1895. Pupils trained for the Trinity College Examination, London. _. tm_ in 11 wmtmmmmmmmmmm^mmmmmm^mmmmm EXTRACTED HONEY. PETER ANDERSON'S NEW SEA SON'S EXTRACTED HONKY is now ready, »nd Is the best sample his Apiary has yielded since its establishment seven years ago. Sold In 121b and 301b tins, and by the hundredwei ;ht. HAKATERE APIARY, Uampstead. Brand—St. Andrew's Cross (red).



R. B. EESTELL, COMMISSION AGENT, ARCADE. AGENT for Walter A. Wood Mower and Reaper Manufacturing Com pany, Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society, Limited. Office of All ance Assurance Company. Tradesmen's Books kept. Debts colkcte



SPECIAL NOTICE. HAVING purchased the sole right to manufacture A. BILLINS' patent square;milx bucket and skimmer, I have this day appointed JOHN ORE & CO., AS ASF BURTON AGENTS, For the sale of tho above mentioned specialties. Kindly call and see the LIGHTEST, STRONGEST, AND BEST BUCKET MADE. T. E. LOACH, Geraldine. ALLANDALE COAL COMPANY Limited. gwvlnir of 25 iwr tent, on Your Coal Bill. H4VB APPOINTED JAMKM ELLIOTT, COAh MERCHANT, WEST STREET, Agent for the County ALLANDaLV. is the best, native coal produced on the Eastern Setboard. It i an excellent Steam Coal, unrivalled for Bakers, tpleudid Domestic Coal; does not sparkle and burns wuh a flame. Note the Address— JAMBS ELLIOTT. WEST STREET, Opposite D. THOMAS. Newcastle Coal, Westport Coal, Fire wood, Stakes, Posts etc. ~in stock.



DRAWING AND PAINTING CLASSES. Mr W7U* Talt, ARTIST, C.S.A. f LASSES ARE HELD EVERY TTIESDiY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY, In che above Subjects. A special reduction is made to teachers, pupii t- achers, and pupils actually attend- I ing a public school. For card of terms, apply to Mb W. H Collins, or at Studio, care Mr H. A Gates, School of Music, Ashburton. Pupils prepared for Examination hi Plain and Solid Geometry, Model Drawing and Perspective.



Public Dips. HINDS, ASHBUKTON, CHBETBEY. BPOOKE S PERFECT SHEEP Dll is now h ng u-ed at the HIJSDS PUBLIC DIP foN MUNDiYS, WEDNESDAYS, AND FRIDAYS. MR GEORGE HARRIS IN" CHARGE. AT THE ASHBURTON DIP Railway Reserve, opposite Paleyards. MR PETER WILLIAMS IN OIIARGS. Residence, coner Town Belt, opposite Gas works. CHEBTSEY SALftYARDS DIP. MR JOHN DOWNIfi IN CHARGE. 3*B WANTED, Everybody to use Titan Soap, greatest marvel of the age, H, Zander, Sole Agent. DOLLAR CIGARETTES 31 -Bo holder* or photos — Hstuiv Handeh, halewle »gen\



fa AUSMin & S«m» Kac*ifptl Bx*r»«t Thereat imitatmiß of Eucalypti <• Extract in tl-e market now, jwiuctsof ample distillation formir.g rule resinous oils. In order that those crude oi's m:iy not be taken, Ot'H.PUtiu VofcAmu Bpcaltpti Extbact, «-hie'- is rccoeiiis^ed by the mrdicnl fiivisio'i of ihfi PrufEidn Government to be of pei-" fcclly pare orig;n. as thc.'r information for«an'cd to ns through tbe Consul 6t Melbourne, March 2, :878 We st-ita : - I< proved by tc?ts by the Medical Cliuics oi tho Universities at Bonn nn'l Giiofswal , P-n-?ia- an reported by Dr Scbulz, I'rofo=for of PanmcolofO 1. tit Bon, (,-j.i Profespor Dr Mosler f Director of the Medical Clinic at QreifswaW, that only product* that ere satnrated with oxygen ar.d freed of a id?, resiaot; and other substances, adherer t to primary diHtillation. will develops the sanative qu-)ities jvoperto the plan! according to these antboritias, and accorribK to Pro lessor Di Li^ter of Enplnnd. anrt to Dra Bauer Mclntise, Wood, Hnzard, *tp., of America, is the only extract correspond.ng to scientific tests. nu<! the rnl\ ou which possesses tha proper therapeutic val-ie. Sander & Son's Kucalypti Extract All other cmde oils are to be classed among the turpentines, which h ye, when used as medicine, tin therapeutic effect and are abandoned hs an internal medicsaient. These so called Kucalypti Extracts-: which may have received d iStinctioi. at iixhlbitions at aommcrcipl articles s*re used for meohanical pur pises are only discernible:— By their deficiency In pungent odour (Which our prrduct, the only genuine Eucalypti Extracts de velopes most freely throUgh Its surplus of oxygen By their alcoholic thin and mobile appearance, being recuced In specific density throngh the presence of acidg By their taete, the re.=iilt of tti contmctirg ten dency of resins and tennates. If these crude oil*, so called eucalypti extraots are applied by mistake in cases o croup, bronchitis, di jh tborifi, internal infammations, dysentery, wound?, the consequences arc appalling For safety aiwuyg ask tor SiKDEB ANl> SON B EPCAT.TFTI EStKACT and eet the old, wcll-tesed and reliable preparation.—^and hurfit, Victoria, Austruliß. SANDER AND SOK'S



Pure Blood is the Secret of Health Gordon's Blood Pills cleanse the system, of all impure blood, cure iudigestion,con ■tipation, liver complaint, pains in back and sides, biliousness, Bick headache; remove pimples, scrofula, scurvy, etc. Larf«" bo 6s; two boxes, 10a, post free. J. W. Clayton $9*834 Djuciiu



FRTEDL&NDBR BROS., AUCTIONEERS COMMISSION AGENTS, & GRAIN MERCHANTS fTTBARE GASH BUYERS, A.T FULL MARKET VALUES * * OF Wheat, Oats, and Barley. OUR STORES AND OFFICES being centrally eiiuatfd, we fere able to give prompt attention to our Clients' interests and requirements ; sampling being effected at this enl farmers will see for themielves the advantage of selling to a local firm. CORNSACKS AND SEAMING TWINE FOR SALE. WE ARE ALSO BUVEKS, IN LARGE AND SMALL QUANTITIES OP RYEGEASS AND COCKSFOOT SEED. Having Machinery replete with the latest improvements, we can Dress and Clean time Seeds to the highest state of purity. STORAGE AT LOWEST CURRENT BA.TES. AGENTS FOR- Maseey-Harris Reapers and Binders and Farm Implements Commercial Union Insurance Company, Limited New Zeahnd Shipping Company, Limited Cooper's Sheep Dip; Crown Sheep Dip. FEIBDLANDER BROS-



JOHN ORR & CO., Q4VE JQST LANDED A LARGE SUPPLY OF Cheavin's Improved Gold Medal Rapid Water Filters, AND OWING TO THE LATENESS OF THE SEASON WILL SELL AT Extremely Low Prices. Cheavin's JFilters are recognised all over the world as the BEST MADE. -—o JOHN OER AND CO, MERCHANTS AND IMPORTERS



BEATH'S Great Summer Sale. Ci COD Serviceable Dress Goods nw 3|i perjyarl Strong doubla width Dress 7|d All Summer Dresses at half prlc3 Fast Color Priuis now 3fd Strong Heavy Galatea now 4|d Beautiful Washing Brocades now 6| 1 Heavy Flannelletteg now 2|d AH Linen Tabling now la 6|d Heavy Sheeting (two yards wide) now IOJd GREAT SUMMEE SAKE- Men's New Pattern Tweed Suits now 17s lid Youihs' New Pattern Tweed Suits now 13s lid Boys' New Pattern Knicker Suits now 4s lid Men's Stronr Working Shirts now Is lid Men's Blue Jumpers now 3* lid | Men's Strong Mule Trousers now 5s lid Men's Heavy Knitted Socka now 10§ i BOOTS AND SHOES "aTMJBEAT REDUCTIONS. BEATH'S iSTAT SALE, TANORET) STREET. I . « ■ i **' """ '" " '" ' "' " r ■ - i lii i ■ ,i . , .II .1 mi mi .1. -■---.. i I _ HIBI W= H. COLLLEK ! APPKOACHINa END OF SUMMER SEASON. I HAVE bought at a heavy discount many manufacturers clearing lines, and among them am offering the FOLLOWING BARGAINS- White Calico Is lid per doz, worth 4s Wide Fancy Ribbons for Hat Trimming, &c, 6|d yard, formerly la] A line of Striped Flannelettes 4|d yard, usually 7£d Ladies' Cashmere Ho?e, plain and fancy ribbed Is 6d pair, worth 28 A lot of serviceable Washing Prints iU, much .under value Fancy Colored Art Muslin 3d yard Ladies Blouses from Is 6d. and many other bargains. THE <(€ORl.ft|| ( *r



: the horses friend Pages No. Horse Oils. NO. 1 HORSE OILS, Sure Cure for Sprairp, Bruises, Swe lings or Hard Callus Lumps. PACK'S No 2 HORSE OILS, t?ure Cure for Foes on Back or Shoulders or any kind of Cub or Bn ken Wound. PACE'S RHEUMATIC OlLb. To be used fur Rheumatism, Lumb^o, Sore Throar, .Stiff Joints, Sprains or Bruises. Alt. On* Price. 2s 6d Pek Bottle. |^- NO-VE GENUINE WITHOUT AB »YE TRADE MARK. Aeenta for Page's nils:—Recardus Henry, last Street; J. Thomas, Havelock Street: F E. White, Chemi&t, East btreet. Agents wanted. TESTIMONIAL. To P. W. PAGE, Chertsey. Sir,—l wish to testify to the great benefits derived from using your Hor*e Oils last year. My horse was badly lamed by a fall. I tried all kinds of different embrocations for it, Ifc was not fit for use for five nionihe. This year it met with a similar kind of accident, and I pjot one bottle of your Horse Oils, and my horse was fife for use in a week's time. And I have recommended it to otheia, who have also proved its splendid healing qualities.— Peteb Chalmers. i *Q* SOLE MAKER AND PROPRIETOR, F. ftf. PA«B, Chertfley, OANTERBDRY, N.Z



Ihomas B. Ki]worth, E N GI N Epl B, TJAS BEMOYED to his new prbmi es, BRIDGE WORKS, WEST AND KE'RMODE STREETS, ASHBURTON Reduction of 20 Per Cent on all Lmes. ROBERT MURRAY PRACTICAL WATCH & CLOCKMAKEK. TJAVING decided to dispose of my business, I am still oflering the whole of MY VALUABLE STOCK OF WATCHES, JEWELLERY, CLOCKS, PLATE, &c, AT A DISCOUNT OF 4s IN £ OFF MARKED PRICES. A LARGE SELECTION OF HTGH-CLASS ENGLISH WATCHES HUNDREDS of these Watches are now in use throughout the Ashburtan district, and, after YEARS OP HARD WORK, bear unfailing testimony to the EXCELLENT WORKMANSHIP and DURABILITY of R. MURRAY'S SPECIAL GOOD 3. Those Watches CANNOT be obtained in the open market. Also a Large Stock of ROTHERHAM'S ENGLISH LEVER WATCHES, STRONG (SILVER ENGLISH LEVEE HUNTERS, reduced to £ 3s ALARM CLOCKS, STRIKING CLOCKS, MARBLUi CLOCKS GOLD AND SILVER JEWELLERY, GOLD BROOCHES from 2s 6d DIAMOND GOODS, SILVER BROOCHES from le 6d FAMOUS " PEBFECTIONE » WATCHES. Cased SOLID NICKEL, nob wear yellow. WONDERFUL VALUE Reduced from 21m to 15», I EEPAIRS: WATCHES CLEANED 6s MAINSPRINGS .- 4a 6d CLOCKS CLEANED from 2a All Gioods A Work Guaranteed.



WALKERS BOT-FLY EEMEDY. IMPORTANT NOTICE. OWING to numerous requests of large owners these remedies have been reduced to 7s 6d, and where two sets or mora are taken to 6a 6d per sec JNo remedies ever introduced into this colony have proved so successful in restoring the suffering horse as WaLKWR'S BOT-FLY REMEDIES. Very highly recommended at the Ellesmere Agricultural and Pastorial Association Show. Awarded the highest) Order of Merit at the Northern A and P Show, very highly commended ab the Metropolitan Show at Chris church Mr Seisenger, Veterinary Surgeon, Dun- work hearty and well I believe it to be a edin, writes:— lam acquainted with that niediciao unequalled, and can recommend it nuisance more than any veterinary in thae with all confidence to all horse owners, as the Colony, having bad great experience in best horae remedy in the market. Amerioa U S and practised my profession in Edward Cobbett Victoria and New Zealand to euoh Batisfao- Greenwood Farm, tion to tbo pubic that no veterinary in the Southbridge, Augusts, 1892 colonies can produoe testimonials of the Mr Walker. Sir, —I am dad to bear testi* cures affected aa myself. I have had mony to the wonderful effects of your Bot hundreds under my treatment, the same Fly-fly Remedies; One of my beet horses be* whiob I gave Mr R Watker, and every oame very bad; the skin tight, the eye life horse I treated reovered when taken in time, less and a bnd color, ahd got low in condition Walker's Bot-fly Remedies therefore are the Anxious *o finish ploughing a paddock I did only proved guaranteed cure for the bots and not want (o lay him up until he became un should be given to every horse at once, able to lift his feet or do any more. We had whether he shows signs or not to help him in?o a stable I gave him your Remedies, and tn« treatment you pre. LiurißfOD, August 18, 1894 scribed, and in a few cays be was quite Mr Heseltine, —Sir, I .husk it is only right better, and now at his work, hearty and woil that I Bhoul-3 tell you «nd my neighboring I quite btiieve had I nm «iv<?n him your I firmera that, I am thoroughly satisfied wi h Remedifs, be would have died. You can use Wafer's Bot By Remedies I got from you. this as you please. After seeing the state of the stomach of my Egbert Thompson horse that died, I became alarmed about the „.,_ rest of my stook aa they all looked bad, I ' h o ««,m«, w». m drenched eight, following carefully the direc Wakanui AnJil 11 iW suffering of horses . fi vellous. I strictly followed the directions i *"«*u« g i ven aD( j i n a wee ]j the horses were out of I got from you proved quite a success with r p Sti6W .__ my dying horse. He was ailing for som days, ____ bwswabx %&!&?ZZi%£ui'£*'SSriXl' . M'<"°»-.Bumh.m, got to S*™l, tor.. S.iEsi Bnt Fly Bemediea R nd B ay« h ' Bhowin« the «V»Ptoma. He gave theßemedy, provt »nd by the end of » week was able for AaBNTJTOB^ ASfIBURTON-J E HBs^ f saddler, RiOAKPnaJBJnr r -Sadler.



A ; OADB ■ iiOlfSR." ";- "'""" 'Spring 1 Goods. Spring Good?. W. W. SPENCFB & CO- J^ RE now showing borne beautiful NEW and FASHION ABLE SPRING FABRICS, being especially selected for the Asbburton District. We have also a nice Selection of STRAWS lAOES, FLOWERS, FEATHERS, GLOVES, FRILLING, and OHEFFONS, BOOTS- BOOT& BOOTS NI3W BOOTS and SHOES for the summer weather. Men's, Boys', Ladies', and Children's of all descriptions CltOTiilWtf. CliOTßLlire. CLOTHIKU. MEN'S TWEED SUITS, TROT7SBRB, COATS, VESTS, <fee SHIRTS, COLLARS, TIES, Ac. *FESOm; axd CO., ARCADE HOU SE.



A GREAT NATIONAL CRISIS, THE high prices that have hitherto been charged In Ashba'rron for good and reliable GROCERIES, BREAD, and FLOUR have now become almost like THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, a recognised institution. Although public opinion is very much divided upon this question, there can be only one opinion about the vast cum of money that CAN BE SAVED by Housekeepers who buy their Groceries from TAYLORS, whote system fa catering for the CASH purchasing public with reliable Goods at popular prices direct from the Importers and Manufacturers OB Producer?, to the Consumer, clearly proves how easily Middlemen's profits can be DISPENSED WITH. We respectfully ask the public of Aehburton and district to show their appreciation of our method of doing business by PURCHASING OUR GOODS* ■ COMPARING OUR PRICES, NOTING OUR QUALITY, AND JUDGING FOR THEMSELVES, gave intermediate profile by dealing with JOSEPH TAYLOR, Grocer and Baker, East Street, Ashburton, the Cheapest Store ia town tor reliable Groceries, Bread and Cakes. Money c eerfully returned for any goodb not approved of. Splendid Crystal Sugar 2|d, 61b tins Ceylon Tea Bs, l<*b tins 15s 9d, 31 ba any brand Tea 5s 6d, Flour at popular prices. Groceries supplied of the best quality at Lowest Cash Prices. Try our noted Bread, 41b loaf sd, The : Best Fruit Cake in the colony only 6d per lb. Parties supplied with Pastry, * Confectionery, Wedding Cakes, Birthday Cake* at reasonable prices and Shortest. Notice. Goods deliver dby van to any part of the town, and customers waited upon for their weekly requirements., Bread deliveries in town Daily. Orders for Groceries, etc.,'entrusted to driver of bread van will be promptly executed. NOTE THE ADDRESS JOSEPH TAILOR, OLD ESTABLISHED BAKERY, EAST STREET, ASHBURTON.



hH ARM AN BtfOS., , GROCERS AND IRONMONGERS. SUGAR, SUGAR. S U G A B; We Have Jut Landed XO TONS OP MAURITIUS SUGAR for the Jam Season, Al who wish their jam to keep well should use Maxt&iti s Scoab nINEST EW / .URRANTS. yALENCIA nAISINS o nULTANAS These Fruits are a Splendid Sample, this hiwbi crop, WE have also to hand, pers.a. Rwgitaro, 5 Orates of Assorted Crockery' including some choice lines of CUPS AND SAUCERS, MOUSTACHE CUPS AND SAUCERS, TOILET SETS, SETS OF JUGS, Etc., Etc., Which we are now offering at Very Low Prices. INSPECTION INVITED] AGENTS for the Famous TIGER BLENDED ALL GOODS SOLD AT THE LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES FOR Orders by Post despatched with punctuality. Goods Delivered in Town and Suburbs. Customers waited upon fof*Orders» Satisfaction is Ova Motto. SHE ABM A^ BKOS, MARKET HOUSE. US X LITTLE'S SHEEP DIP FLUID DIP, the best Non-poisonous Dip Used and Recommended by Owners of over 5,000,000 Sheep in N.Z. alone. PRICE (in casks) §s 6d per gallon. 1 Gallon Fluid makes lOOJgallons Dip LITTLES' POWDER DIP k POISONOUS DIP, combined with Glycerine -the outcome of many years' txperienot Wonderfully Successful. Is displacing *I 1 other Poisonous Dips. Sales have TREBLED each year since introduced. EXTERMINATES VERMIN, KtSEPS Wf'OL SOFT 4 BRIGHT, EASILY MIXED - Cheapest and BEST POISONOUS DIP in the Market. n __, QTp| , (In Improved Iron Kegs) BOa per cwt OTE FRIGE — (In Oiwes of 10> 101b packeta ) SO s per case One Cwt. Makes 1,000 gallons of Dip. Chief Ag ent«—BLAOKBURNB ft 00, ChrUtohuroh. DisTßicT aqbnt-E. W. Haomer, ASHBUBTON.