MAIL NOTICES.

Note —On aud after October 1 the parcels post system will be established between New Zealand and New South Wales at the same rate of postage as to the other colonies.

Ashburton Guardian. Magna est Veritas et Prævalebit.. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1393. LOCAL AND GENERAL.

News have been received that a whaler has reached 84 degrees north. At the Kurow meeting on Thursday, the Maiden Plate was won by Mr M. Hobbs 1 b g Tohunga. j We beg to call the reader's attention to i G. J. Niell and Co.'s new advertisement, announcing the opening up of their new spring and summer goods. Three of the men accused of stealing gold from the Mount Morgan mine have been committed for trial. It is rumoured that the police are in possession of thirty names, including the name of a person in a high position, whose arrest is expected hourly. On Wednesday afternoon, owing no doubt mainly to the exceptionally fine day, the Domain was largely patronised. Between thirty and forty cricketers—representing the Aahburton and the Albion Cricket Clubs, who were enjoying the national game— cyclists trying their new machines — to gether with a large number of spectators— ' gave the Domain quite an animated and rather pretty appearance, and fully proved the contention of those who have been agitating for improvements in the sports ground that the Ashburton public take a very great interest in their Domain. A correspondent of the Hawera/'Star " writes :—As an instance of the humidity of the season in this part of the oountry, or the propagaiing powers of the Taranaki climate, 1 may mention having lately soen a pukatea log that had been felled three years age, and a length of Bix feet out ouffof its centre for a fence lin*, having gresn shoots in several places fally a foot long. It «vas Ijing on pretty dry ground, too. I also noticed to-day (Suodav) some fuohsia scrub that I out three weeks ago (be ore it started sprouting) having since sprouted, both leave and blossoms, too. I carefully examined ii to see whether it still adhered to the rootß in any way ; but no, it was out clean off, and laying on perfec ly dry ground. Na wonder the bush won't burn. A driver of a luggage van has been sen tenced to two yeara' hard labor in England under the following circumstances : —He was driving a pair-horse team along the middle of the road which was in good order. A bicyclist was coming in the opposite direc tion, riding along the wheel Uack nearest the bad portion of the road, and therefore well on his own side. The driver of the van, apparently concluded that the rule of the road did not call upon him to let a bicyclist get along, drove straight on and knocked him down. The unfortunate bicyclist sus tained a fractured leg, two broken avms s and a severe scalp wound. The Judge in passing the sentence, said it was time some drivers were taught to observe the rule of the road, and then imposed the sentence as stated. Lovers of turtle (says the "Daily News") will be tantalised by the account Avhieh Mr Griffiths, the Administrator of the Seychel les, gives of a visit he has paM to the Alda r»ra Islands, to the north-west of Madagascar. These islands are leased to Mr James Spurs. It seems that the number of edible turtles which it is possible for Mr Spurs to secure both at Aldabra and the three neighboring islands is far ia excess of his capabili ies of dealing with them. From 12,000 to 15,000 could be turned out in one twelvemonth in Aldabra alone. As no steamer calls at Aldabra, and only a small schooner three times a year, which latter takes some time to get back to Mahc* s the majority of such turtles as arc shipped invariably die, To be : properly conveyed they must have shade and sea water. Iq lh<i "Scientific Amerioan" of Ju'y 29 nppeara a description end illustration of » printing telegraph apparatus designed, by me.-ma of a transmitting device wth an ordinary keyboard, to opera'e at a diatatt station a type-writer or a typj-se ting machine. Thij invention has beep patented by Mr Donald Murray, of the " Sydney Morning Herald." It is cVmed that by means of this patent it will in time be possible for a newspaper correspondent (say in New York), by playing on a type writer keyboard, to set type or to work a linotype maohina in a dozen or more cities over the Uni ed Stale', Tue oi jaot of the invention, as described ia«the specification ia:—"To v c ony ordinary teegraph oi rl rents capable of Leing relayed, aad gib. jeot to all the conditions of ordinary vie." graphy ; o operate at a distance any ordinary type-wri> ing machine, or any type-setting or similar miobine^o be able to transmit at least eighty different characters; to work at the utmost speed permitted by the manual dexterity of the operator working a t trans mitting keyboard in all respects like that of an ordinary type-writer keyboard ; and to die pense with all clockwork controlling meohan ifm, sycohronously moving type.wheeJs, and other slow and cumbersome devicel." The "Victorian Drink Bill for 1892 has been published, and the figures prove once more that the average Victorian citizen ia about the thirstiest human being on the planet The average expenditure in intoxicating drinks per head of population—including women and babies—for 1882 was £4 14? (id ; the total sum expended being £5,498,454. Victoria, that is, in the year of ids sorest financial distresses, poured down its own throat, in the form of beer and whisky, a sum almost equal to the entire public revenue ! One of the Victorian judges, Mr Justice Hodges, has been doing some sur prising sums in arithmetic on this subject. He deducts from the population the non drinking classes—llechabites, women, infants, etc.—and proves that the average adult male in Victoria consumes every year 72 gallons of beer, 7 gallons of wine, and 5 gallons of whisky and other spirits. In the eighj years betwixt 1895-92, Victorians expended £46,000,000 sterling, a sum equal to the entire public debt of the colony, in irrigat ing their too arid palates with intoxicating drinks! They poured down their owm throats, that is, iv those eight years, a sum equal to the cost of all their railways and other public works ! Great Britain was once said to have " drunk itself out of a deficit; " but Victoria could extinguish its entire public debt by no more heroic effort of public virtue than is implied in devoting to this purpose for eight years the sums it is expending in beer and spiiits'

THE GENERAL ELECTION.

MR C W. PORtfELL AT THE ODDFELLOWS' HA.LL.

There was a large attendance at the Oddfellow*' Hall k>t night to haar Mr Purnell's address to the electors cf Ash burton. A number of ladies occupied t!»o front seats. The Mayor occupied tho chair, and briefly introduced tho speaker. Mr Purnell, who was received with I hearty applause, said —I may appropri- ' ately begin my address by saying a word or two upon the aul'jecG of the great and momentous change which has just been made in the constitution of the country, by the sudden conferring ot the Parlia mentary franchise upon virtually the en tire ADULT FEMALE POPULATION. I need not say that this change is en tirely opposed to all the traditions of our nation, in fact, to the traditions of all civilised nations ; and whether it will work for gocd or for evil, noboly can possibly foretell, It is certain that it will result in both social and political conse quences of the most far-reaching charac ter, and I confess that it does appear to me, as I believe it does to most persons i who have studied the subject, that we have taken this vast and irrevocable leap in the dark without anything like proper deliberation or consideration of the con sequences. I think that we ought to have definitely submitted the question to the arbitrament of a general election. I think further we ought to have obtained a formal expressiou of opinion from the women of the colony before making the change. I thiuk a poll of the entire body of the adult women should have been taken, and they should have been defi nitely asked whether they wanted tue i franchise or not,—whether they think i that it will ultimately low3r their social status, as many persons imagine, or whether tli6y think it will be for their benefit. • However, we have made the change, and I for one loyally accept it. I shall do my very best to work with the new order of things, and I heartily trust —as we must all do—that it will produce all the beneficial cosequences which its promoters anticipate. And I can assure those women in thia district who have been advocates of the change that if I have thought the constituencies ought to have been expressly consulted upon the matter, it has not bean from any disres pect to women-any fears that they would not cast their votes just as intelli gently as men—but beoause I have felt grave doubts lest the change might result in many ways to their detriment, I wish also to say this." I trust that all the women who are qualified will get their names placed on the register, and when election day comes round will go to the poll and vote, even if they would rather stop at home. It will be a most serious mis fortune to the colony, if only a section of the women vote. Even those woman who object to the franchise—and I know many of them do object—have now this public duty cast upon them, and I hope they will fulfil it. I hope too, they will not expect too much from legislation, run away with the idea that people's manners and morals cm be reformed by acts of i Parliament. Men have long since learned the fallacy of expectations of that kind. PERSONAL. In coming before you this evening, I do so with this feeling in my mind, that whether you agree or whether you dis agree with my politic.!,! views, you must at least recognise that my interests are identical with your own, and that if you elect mean member for Ashburton,, you may rely upon ray exertijg myself to the utmost in advocuing your interests ia the House of Representatives, lam not a mau who fjpenus several years upon the other ai:le of the globe, and then turns up on the evo of a general election claiming your suffrages as though I were a kind of lord of the manor, who had but to shed the light of his countenance upon you in order to secure your'votoj. lam a permanent resident of Ashburton — jne of yourselves Ashburton ia my home, and the birth place of two of my children. What in jures you likewise injures me, so that you have the fullest guarantee that T shall not prove a mere political bird of passage. 1 ahall endeavour to-night to expound my views upon the principal topics of the do.y as plainly as poss-ible ; and if I fail c<> make my meaning clear upon any topic, I hopa you will not hesitate to question me upon it, because I want every elector to understand my views. I do not expect that every one ot you will agr,ee with al that I say. It is very seldom that you van get two thinking men to agree upon every subject, and you must give a Parlia mentary candidate a little latitude—you must take him in the lump, as it were, and decide whether on the whole, he will make a suitable representative for the district. COUNTRY INTERESTS. The principal reason why I offer myself for election upon this occasion is that I desire to assist in protecting country in terests, which are now seriously menaced by the overwhelming and baleful political preponderance of the large towns of the colony. If elected, I shall regard myself as essentially the representative of country interests. What do I mean by " country interests V Ido not mean only the in terests of the farming community, al though the farmers form the backbone of country iaterests ; but I mean the consoli dated interests of the rural community, including not only the farmers, but the residents of country towns .such aa Ash- Durton. The inhabitants oi; towns like Ashburton, South Rakaia, Methven, and Leeston, have absolutely no interes ta whatever, distinct from those of the fai-mera. Let us apply a test. Supposing the farms in the county of Ashburton were abandoned and the land reverted to its tussock state, would not this now flourishing town speedily become a deserted village ? Everyone in this hall knows that it would. Everything which strikes at the farmers—whether it be un just taxation, or legislation tending to shorten the rights of property—anything, in short, which tends to diminish the far.nei'.s prosperity, and lessen his spend ing power—strikes at the prosperity of the town of Ashburton, and affects the welfare of its inhabitants, whether they be merchants or shopkeepers, artizwis or day laborers, farmers or townsmen,we are all in the same boat, and muot sink orswim to gether. I would sincerely ask the work ing men of Ashburton what political in terests they really have in common with tho masses of laboring men in the cities, who seem to be imbued with the wildest socialistic ideas, and with the no Yon that no other part of the inhabitants of J>;ew Ztaland possess any rights but themselves ? A large parfc of this town of Ashburto 1 and its suburbs ie owned by working men and working men's wives f and I must say th'ifc I ha^e always looked with the greatest pleasure upon the progress of many working men who, when I came here, apparently possessed very little of this world's goods, but who have since, by their own industry and self denial, acquired nice cottages and gardens of their own. And in various other parts of the country laboring men have acquired similar properties. ISow, I ask these men whether they are prepared to subscribe to the first plank of the plat form of the National Liberal Association, which has its headquarters in Dunedin, and whose president is Sir Robert Stout, ■which'is "nationalisation of the land." Most of the so-called Liberal Associations and similar organisations in the larce -own ma|ce nationalisation of the land a. cmlinal feaWof their programmes, and although two or three of these have lately dropped it out of their platforms from , %r of alarming tho country dispels,

their members believe in ifc all fche s*me. The Dunedin Workers Poli ical Uom mittee, when framing a programme for the present elections, made rhb nationali sation of land one of the principal fev.ures of ib. The Wellington Liberal Association has dene the same thing. The Hon. John MoKenzie, the Minister of Lands, is an ardent land nationJiser, and the late Mr Ballance speaking as Premier, v?hcn addressing a public meeting at Auckland, used these words : - " They were told that the land tax was the first step towards land nationalisation. Well, he did not know whether it \va,3 the first step or the last, but if it were the first step so much the better for ihe land tax." The fact is, the nationalis ition of the land is a cardinal feature in the prliticil creed of all the feverish socialistic asso ciations which we find in the large towns, and I warn every woiking man who owns a house of his own that when he joins hand in hand with these associations, and helps them to gain political power, he is helping them to advance <* step towards the confiscation of his own property. The Ministry, during the last three years, have almost entirely "ignored country interests. The Government have laid themselves out, so to speak, to please a section of the people in the large towns, and all their speeches and measures have been devoted to that end, Just look at the injustice which the present franchise inflicts upon the country residents. At the coming election every one of us here, simply because we are country residents, will be able to vote for one candidate, and one candidate only, while every man ia Ohristchurch and the other cities will be able to vote for three candidates. Look what an enormous advantage this gives to the residents in the large towns ! Persons of the samu way of thinking, in Christchurch, or Dunedin, or Wellington, or Auckland, can combine together and vote for three persons to represent them in the House of Representatives, where as the Ashburton electors are restricted to vote for one member. It is constantly dinned in our ears that one-man-one-vote is the true principle of representation, and that it is in force in this colony. Well, it is in force in the country dis tricts, but in the cities it is one-man three-votes. It is this unfair franchise which is largely responsible for the undue share of political power which has been transferred to the cities. The present Ministry has repeatedly refused to remedy this injustice. It did so last session, in order to still further strengthen theii'Own position in the large towns, the Ministry have refused to give women resident in the country .districts the privilege of voting by electoral right, al though they have done so to seamen and commercial travellers. They know full well that the good sound sense of farmers' wives would never countenance the wild socialistic views which inspire such a number of the electors in. the cities ; and they are afraid that the farmers' wives are not likely to vote in favor of the present Ministry. Then look at the way in which the country districts were treated when the recent appointments to the Legislative Council were made. Twelve new councillors were created at one stroke— the largest creation of councillors which had taken place at one time since the Legislative Council was first summoned— but not one solitary representative of country interests was appointed. Four men, who had never taken any part in public affairs, and whose very names were unknown to the public, were foisted intu the Council with the right to call themselves "Honorable," and to draw £150 a ye'tv of public money for seven years simply tmd solely because they were mem"ers of trade unions in th& large towns. The prtsenfc Ministry have devoted themselves to tickling the views of the majority of the people in the large towns, their speeches hive been to the same effect, and they refer to that section of the community as "the people," as though they formed the body o!: the i people of the colony. To my mind, it is a perfectly monstrous thing tt>atthe colony should be governed according to the socialistic viewd of th« large towns. It has always seemed to me that the people of the rural districts fait to recognise their importance iv the body politic. To show how the farmers cirry the colony upon their backs let me quote you a few figures. The total exports of the colony for the twelve months ending June 30, 1893, amounted to £9,270 819. Now, of these, live stock, wool, meat, skins, tallow, butier, cheese, grain, roots, and other agrarian products furnished £7,144.788—in other words, our farmers and graziers contri bute 1 seven-ninths of the total exports. The fact is, New Zealand is essentially an agricultural and pastoral country, and it ought to be governed mainly in accord ance with the views and wishes of the rural population, and not according to the wild notions of a noisy and turbulent section of the dwellers in the large towns. Then, too, look at the farmers' contribu tions to the public revenues, both general and local. They pay heavily towards the Customs duties, they pay the bulk of the Land tax, the farmers' traffic keeps the railways going, and thereby affords em ployment to thousands of men j they pay largely to charitable aid, and a large part of the stamp duties. Every time a farmer buys or leases a piece of land, theGovern mentexacts heavystampduties from him ; and a farmer never gives a promissory note to his storekeeper without paying stamp duty, Then we have fche loca! rates, although the roads >*nd bridges con structed at the landowners' c xpense are used by plenty of othor pers us besides landowners. And yet what influence have farmers exercised ir> the counsels of the colony during the last three years ? Simply none whatever. When the Minister for Lands brought down a Land iBiJl eighteen months ago, we had all kinds of trades associations, k.lights of labor, and similar bodies in the large towns passing resolutions expressing tlpir views on the subject, and Hie Government os tentatiously pretending to sive effect to their views, but what attempt did the Ministry make to ascertain the feeling of the farming community upan die subject ? And yet we would have thought that the farmers, with their practical knowledge, and with them and their sons wanting land to earn theto daily bread, •would have been precisely the persons who should have been consulted upon a question of this kind- I invite the farmers and country residents generally to vindicate ri;eir right to a fuli share in the govern ment of the colony, and to wre&b from the city demagogues and their followers the political'power which they have unjustly filched from the taxpayers of the country. THE GROWTH OF SOCIALISM. We find the wildest socialistic theories afloat, and the Ministry fostering these theories and pandering to them. W& have been told over and over again—and the Government said so, an til the unem ployed difficulty threatened to swalluw them up—that it is the duty of die Government to provide work for every body who wants it. Almost everybody in this country wants work, but if the Government is to provide work for all, where are the funds to come from to keep the govarnmental machinery going ? Be ei les, if work is to be found at all, it muse be suitable work. If a watchmaker gets out of employment, what is the use of the Government offering him a job at bush falling in the North IsUnd, or repairing roads ? If a carpenter loses his situation the Government ought to give him some carpentering to do ; a merchant's clerk will have to' be provided with clerical work, and sa mi; and how is the Govern ment to do h'{ The whnle thing is a perfect absurdity. The real fact is that socialism in Now Zealand when you strip

it of fine language, simply me ana that cc taia persons wish to paddle their main tenance upon the rest of the community, In former days wo used to call such per sons loafers—now they are caUed Social ists. What benefit has all the so-called labor legislation of the past three years been to the classes for whose benefit it was professedly enacted ? I a^k any woiking man in Ashburton whether it has raised his wfges by one single six pence a day ? Then we have the boasted system of CO-OPERATIVE WORKS, Under this system a certain numbsr of men have been employed by the Govern ment at wages above, in some cases very much above, the ordinary n a-kot rates ; and the taxpayers - and you are all tax payers—will have to make up the dif ferenca. Bub the effect of the system has noi been to raise the rate of wages throughout New Zealand; it has simply benefited a favored few ; while it ins brought over from Australia hundreds and thcusands of men expecting to obtain employment on these works who will re main here and become competitors in the labor market, and ultimately reduce the rate of wages. We all know that, not withstanding the Labor Bureau, the co operative works, the Labor Bills, and all the other paraphernalia which form the Miniuterial stock-in-trade, the cry of the unemployed has arisen during the past winter from one end of New Zealand to the other, and the most serious distress has been felt in Christohurch and the other large centres of population. Could any more convincing proof be afforded of the utter failure of the Government mea sures ? The fact is, the attacks of the Government upon capital, and their haras sing checks upon industries of all kinds, have caused capitalists to contract their undertakings within the narrowest limits, and render employment correspondingly scarce. Not a single new enterprise of any importance has been started during the last two or three years. Ido contend that the very worst enemy a working man can have is the man who throws obstacles in the way of his getting employment, and that is precisely what the present Ministry has done, One effect of their legislation has been the creation of a number of new offices, and the salaries of the occupants of these offices will have to be paid by the tax payers. The name of the inspectors is now legion. All sorts of new offences have been created, punishable by fine and itnpusonment; and all kinds of vexatious restrictions have been imposed upon trade. Now, every time a new offence is created, every time a law is passed which empowers some inspector or other to enter our dwelling, or shop, or factory, it means that we possess less liberty than before. All these restrictions, of course, tend to discourage trade and enterprise. You may worry and injure the present manufacturers with a certain amount of impunity no doubt; but what capitalist do you think is 'ikely to invest his money in starting new enterprises when he knows that, by doing so, he would expose him self to all kinds of meddlesome Govern mental interference ? There are a few good features in the Labor Bills which have been passed by the present Ministry, but these good features could have been em bodied in Bills amending existing laws; but what I complain of and condemn in the action of the Ministry i.g that, when ever they have brought down one of these Bills they have raised a kind of hulla bulloo, and cry "Here's another slap at the capitalist!" Well, of course, you can have a slap at the capitalist, if you like, but it you do the capitalist will tell his brother capitalist to button up his pockets and invest his money elsewhere. Let me hark back a little. To show | you the startling doctiines which are held , by some of the city political organisations, I will read a few sentences from a letter addressed to the Christ-church "Press" some time ago by the Recording Secretary of the Ohristchurch branch of the Knights of Labor, and which was intended to be an exposition of the views and o1 jects of the Society. The Secretary says : — The Knights of Labor absolutely do not admit the principle of "freehold tenure," ; whether it refers to agricultural, miDing, forest, residential, commercial, or any other class of land. . . I may tell your readers tbat we hold with the abolition of private monopoly either in land or money, or in fact j anything soever in which the national wel fare ia concerned, our purpose being to make industiial or social worth (not wealth) the true standard of industrial and national greatness. We hold, as, before observed, with a graduated and progressive laud tax, with its ultimatum of the resumption of the whole of nature's resources in the name of the people." -* If you divest these sentences of their high fbwn language and look at their plain and simple meaning you will see that they are pure and unadulterated socialism. The Knights of Labor really aim at the aboli tion of all private property whatever. .4 nd you must remember that this is hot a small and insignificant Society: the Knights of Labor have branches through out New Zealand ; and on more than one occasion the members of the present Ministry have delivered special Addresses to chem Look, too, at the programme of the National Liberal Association of New Zealand. Here *re some of their principal planks—Nationalisation of the land j nationalisation ot thb mines, coastal marine services. There is no doubt that these doctrines are becoming widely dif fused in the large towns of the colony, and I don't hesitate to say that country landowners are living in a kind of fool's paradise on this subject. Hpon ueveral occasions farmers has said to me, when speaking with them on the subject of land nationalisation, "Oh, we've got our Crown grants, which say that the land is to be long to us, our heirs and assigns for ever." They do not seem po 'comprehend that a bare majority in both Houses of Parlia ment can in any session pass a law to re voke every Crown grant and certificate of title is tna country. Hitherto, Crown grants have been regarded as sacred ; but that is simply because the British people all the world over have hitherto looked upon the rights of property as sacrgd But in New Zealand the rights of pro perty themselves are beiqg assailed ; and do you not think it would be wise for every one of you who possess property, whether it be much or whether it be little, to stand upon your guard and stay the progress of these dangerous doctrines while there is yet time. The men who hold these doctrines are extramists, you may say. No doubt they are ; but you must recollect that they have been con trolling the legislature of the colony dur ing the past three years j they are the persons whom the Ministry avowedly seek to please; they are the' masters of the Ministry, and are striving to become ycur masters ; and if you do not promptly claim youc political rights, you will as suredly become their political servants, and suffer in your pockets at no distant day. TAXATION. This leads me to the subject of Laxa tion. The present Ministry have abolished the property tax, and substituted in its place the land and income tax. I con sider the property tax, althpugh not a perfect tas','was oho of. the fairest taxes that was ever imposed. The man who did not possess more thin £500 worth of property after deducting all his debts was not called upon to pay anything at all ; the man worth £10,000 paid twice as much as the man worth £5000 ; the man worth £20,0C0 paid four times as much, and so on ; and it did not matter how ! his money was invested. Still, the ' property tax has been abolished, and I do not propose to revert to it, because I do not think any taxis a thing to fall in love with, and I fully recognise the inex pediency of waking frequent changes in

the system of taxation ; in fact;, it was a strong argument in favour of the rtfc n tion of the property tax that a change was necessary, and only calculated to dis turb men's minds and destroy public con fidence. What Ido desire to see is such amendments made in the naw taxation as will remove the serious and unjust an omalies which now cisfigure it and will make it press equally upon all kinds of property. The land tax has been sub jected to very severe criticism, and an eft'ct of that criticism has been to cause the removal of many of the original ob jections to ie; but it still possesses this capital defect—it taxes land at a far higher rate than personal property, and I warn all landowners, large and small, that they will make a fatal mistake if they once admit that it is right and iust that i land should pay a higher rate of' taxation than other lands of property, because if you once concede this principle, whenever it becomes necessary to raise additional taxation, you may rest assured that- it wiU he piled up en the land, and there i will be no limit to this application of the principle. It has been proved over and over again, both in and out of Parliament, that land now pays much more heavily than other property; but let me just give you one single illustration of the working ( of the present system. Take two persons, each with a capital of £7000. One man lodges his £7000 on deposit in the bank and gets 5 per cent, interest for it, in other words, he derives an income of £350 a year from his £7000. New this i#an will only be called upon to pay in come tax, and as incomes up to £300 a year are exempt, his income tax will be 6d in the £ upon £150, in other words he will contribute to the revenue £1 5s a year. The other man invests his £7000 in an improved farm, and we will allow one-third for improvements, which is a full average for country properties, or say £2400. Deducting the £2400 from the £7000, leaves £4600 taxable, which at Id in the £ will come to £19 3s 4d which the landowners will have to pay as against the other man's £1 ss. How can you call this a fair and just system of taxa tion ? When you come to persons owning land of a greater value the inequality be comes still more conspicuous, because all ) landed properties having an unimproved value of £5000 or more are taxed twice over. 5 . First, they pay the ordinary tar ; secondly the graduated tax. Then, too, you must bear in mind that, when a man who has his money invested in busi ness, or in any other wky than in land, is only called upon to jiay an income tax in years when his income exceeds £300, the farmer is required to pay his land tax whether his year's operations result in a profit or whether they result in a loss. The farmer is taxed upon his eapitsl, no matter whether ie be profitable or whether it be unprofitably employed, while every body else is only taxed upon his actual in come exceeding £300. Even the exemp tion of improvements, which was carried last year, will tell altogether in favor of the people in the towns and more par ticularly in the large towns. Under it the costly buildings in Christchuroh and Dunedin, costing many thousands of pounds, will go altogether untftxed, and oo will the costly dwelling houses In the suburbs of the cities. There is one build ing in Dunedin, originally erected, I be lieve, for a post office, but now occupied by a bank, which cost some £30,000 to build; bat not a penny of taxation will be levied upon that building. It is wrong altogether to treat improvements upon farm lands the game as improve ments upon town and suburban lands. What I want to see is the present system of taxation so amended and ad« justed that every man shall pay; in pro poition to his means, no matter whit his occupation may be, or how his money is invested. I want to see as little taxation raised as possible. The Ministry boasted that they had a gross surplus of over half a million of money, and a net surplus [of £283,780 upon last year's transactions. I. do not understand precisely what is the difference between a gross surplus and a net surplus ; but I suppose we may take it that there was an actual surplus of £283,780, Now, what does that mean ? Why, that the Govern ment took about £284,000 of unnecessary t&xation out; of tha pockets of the people of the colony. You will understand better what this means when I point out to you that the total amount of land tax collected during the last financial year was only £297,275. In other words the surplus nearly equals the amount of the land tax. Now, we have had it constantly dinned into our ears by the Government news papers that the small farmers have been relieved by the new system of taxation. In answer to that it must be remembered that very few small farmers paid any thing, ©r anything worth mentioning, under the property tax. They were en titled to deduct all .their debts ; their agricultural implements were exempt from the tax; and there was a £500 exemption on top of that again ; so that the balance left for taxation was small. Then, too, the Government could have reduced the property tax considerably if they had chosen. According to their own showing, they inherited a surplus of about £144,000 from their predecessors, and as the property tax only realised some £357,000 a year they could have reduced it by one third, and yet had a surplus left; but of course it did not suit their book to do this, and they extracted this amount of unnecessary taxation fr^m our pockets. The new taxation has also caused a rise in the rate of interest of at; least one-half per cent—probably more. But even if any particular landowner has to pay a few shillings a year less under the new system, he ought to look a little ahead and consider what will be the ultimate effect of the new taxation. Let him carefully study the speeches made by the Ministers and tjieir supporters a.t t lie time when the land tax was intro duced, and consider. what a serious .nenace they were and are to jfye landed interests '. Ido contend that the interests of all landowners, whether large op small, are identical in this respect, and they should makecomtnon pause, I wish tq say one word about the income tax. Jt is extremely unfair that a man wjio gains an income by his personal exertions should be taxed at the same rate as a man who gains one from realised property. What possible comparison can be drawn be tween the pecuniary position of a man with a salary of £500 a year, which depends upon his personal exertions, and a man drawing £500 a year from invested capital? One man Jives from hand to mouth, while the other is a man of inde: pendent fortune. _ Before leaving this" subject, let me point out the extraordi nary position into which the taxation of this country has got. We have organised bodies of men m the large towns who are constantly clamouring for heavier taxation fco be put upon somebody or another—of course not ujpon, themselves, Nqw, ho'^ m the name p,f common sense c^n % country become prosperous by piling up taxation ? The aim of every Government should be to reduce taxation to the lowest point. The notion that the com munity can benefit by taxing any parti cular cla^s ig ridiculous Supposing y.oq compel a rich man to pay £1060 a year in direct taxation. What does that mean ? It simply means that he has got £1000 less a year to spend. If he had got the money to spend he might spend it in improving his property, in which case he would give employment to labour ; if he spent it in goods or entertainments he would be circulating the money amongst the shop-keepers ; in either case the com munity would get the benefit of the money. crusade against capitaL which has been going on during tbs last three, yews, is, to mynnndj petfeQfcl|

THE ASHBDKTON GtJABDIAK: FBIDAY, OCTOBEB 6 t 1893.



New Goods. G. J. NEILL and Co. WB fI AY E emT PLIASUKE IN ANNOCNdNO »««>» OT W°F °UR NEW SPRING GOODS. millinery TITS? Its Branettcs. Ne* Prints. g»a™beed U> wash, 4ja, sja, Bja, 7i« iewwihing White Maslm4id New Delaines 9d remarkable value, only Is New Double Width Sheeting 9*l New Flannelettes 3|d. F e w Table Damasks Is bd CLOTHING- CLOTHING- S;»-nl t isua Boys' Felt Hats Is 6d BOOTS- BOOTS. BOOTS. Women. Strong fl. «/. Af£/U tf CO.'S. FRIEDLANDER-8 BUILDINGS, EAST STREET. TEBMS CASH.



Wanted.



TTTANTED Known.—Choicest Novel ' W ties in Dress goods, Mantles and Millinery are to be seen.—Mitchell and Turner, TOTANTEDIEnown-" The Corner " is f V showing a magnificent New Stock of Drapery and Clothing. — W. H. Collier.



day -T. Scow, Havelock stree^JOJl -—J^D^n^w^On^ s™ll^; W ritvleftof Oamaru Dwwenta and just new. Apply "Guardian ofhce^



SUITS to measure, during the sale, 495, 555, 60s, 70s, and 755. Fit and workmanship guaranteed. —R. Axcorn, Saunders' Buildings. ANTED Known—For good value in first class Drapery, Millinery, Boots, Clothing, etc., go to Melford House . Beautiful presents now giving away to all purchasers. WANTED Known—Some wonderful job lines n Drapery, etc., now oeing sold; also presents to all purchasers. H. C. Segebs, Melford House.



chain on when seen last. Apply B. Tinwald. .____ —— All are cordially invrteo\ FRESH FihTffS^ed with beaudfal vegetables, and Frui's of the Season .tJfBS Whittinoton * Burnett Street — TTT^,, in England to our order.-JoHN Oeb an ,W. J. SILOOCK. *!l°^



WANTED Known, that Mrj, Jakvis, Monthly Nurse, has removed to a larger house on Alford Forest Road, near Woollen Factory, where she will be pleased to receive patients. Best references. Terms moderate. 9 130 PRESENTS —Beautiful Presents now JL being given away to all purchasers of Drapery, Millinery, Boots, Clothing etc.—H. 0. Segers, Melford House. . '. Oto H.ym>ley Bros, for Bargains T in Blankets, 49 pairs of large white suitable for double beds only, 16s 6d worth 25a. Extra large Grey, only 10s 6d worth 18s 6d, Selling rapidly.— Hardley Bros, Arcade.



DO YOU KSOW" 'I'HAT we are SELLING OFF all our ■*- NEW GOODS, and giving a dig count of FOUR SHILLINGS OFlf KVKR¥ POUND FOR CASH, because we are OVERSTOCKED, and MUST REAJuISE.



and..Lawa Tenms Material C jwt unpacked at reduced prices. New Books, Games and Fancy Goods. AU^oSTredocedin price for cash this month"-L. P. ANDKBwes act Co, Station™*' jfelL-. — BOOK 3in good order and o« mplete bbiuht o? taken in «change. Aew Stock arriving every week, gating Library.-J. Maksden, Newsagent.



K3P Come and see our Phopfull of New Mercery, Hats, Shirts, Ties, Boots, «fee. (all marked in plain figures). Men's Good Tweed Suits to measure during the sale from £3 15* to £3 lO* FOR CASH. GRAICHEAD&BERRYMAN THE LEADING TAILORS AND OUTFITTERS, Ashlwton. 9*62



f^OOL youwelres dur.ng.these pei- Kj turbed times win Ice C*e-m. Beady tomorrow (Saturday) —U- v- Flower, Confectioner. WANTED Known—That A. J Walker repairs Bi<ycU*, Sewing Machines, Lawn Mowers Medical Coils, and al^oriptions^li^n^hinery^ TTIOLIN, Case, and Bow complete! V from 303 upwards. Accord eons, Concertinas, Mou.h Orcans. String., ReZ Bridge^fto-^HJijIoMB. T^Tixv"" Lines in Boxed Stationeiy, IN white and tinted, Account and £tur Booki., Albums, WillingCasej, Photo Frame?, New Goods.-H. M. JOHBS. IF 7ANTED Known.—To make room VV for Spring Boots I will give ten ncr cent for cash. Repairs done at once cheaper than ever to stay bad times over at J Moison, Premier Bootmaker. 8 j8



WANTED, BY a Suitable and trustworthy servant, a situation in town or country. Can furnish the most satisfactory refer ences from the best of families and public places. My qualifications aa a servant, are — I am colonjal bred and born. I am young, well built, powerful, with a constitution of stone. I am a good worker, willing to work night and day, as I never tire. I never require a holiday, as I have no friends to call on. I seldom require a doctor. I never strike for wages or join any society. I require no fcod, and am a total ab stainer. Of water I use a large quantity, no matter how filthy. I have not a single vice or bad habit. ; I work for aU nationalities, and undez ! tand one language as well as another. I have no particular religion, btt will conform to the belief of my employer. In politics I vote on all sides, particu larly on Old JRulb's side. I am employed among the rich and the poor as well as in all public places. Every one likes me, and once I work for them they cannot do withoat me. I am a saviour of the people's health. I hold daily receptions in. Tancrecl street East, to which you are all cordially invited. My name is RULES ACME WATER FILTER-



AILWAY Book Stall.—A very large and choice lot of booka to select trom. , ' . B~OOKS~in~"great variety to suit all classes of readers, at the Railway Book Stall^ _!__! IF vox. want fii st class fruit go to Adams' for F ji, Tahiti, Auckland and Sydney Oranges, Citrons, Lemons, etc. OinTForget; to send your Bicycles along to the Old Kindergarten to 'm repaired, at moderate rates. EDIOAL Coils made and repaired on tho shortest notice at easy p.j oeß at A. J. Walkek's, Old Kinder garten. WANTED Known—W. H. Collier's noted four clasp Kid Gloves, 2s 6d, have just arrived in all sir.es.



MITCHELL and Turner's prepara tions for the Seas n are acknowledged to be very complete.



WANTED Known.—The V and N Corset now landed, in all siz^s.— Jj^ITGHBLI. AND TtJRNBB. W* oln) ERF U L Satisfaction .— The special nickel watch made for S Salek, sold at 22s 6d and 25s is the best—Obtainable only from S. Salex, Jeweller I______1_______ < L? 2 ANG ! Bang ! Bang 1 Guns 1 Guns ! Guns! by the besb makers and fitted with all the latest improvements Poirder, Shot, Caps, Cartridges, Wads, j and Cases at J. W. Hakdlby's, East Street. Guns repaired.



WHJfiBEdo you «ec your Ironmon gery 1 At Hakdiby sof course, where we get the beßt value in Sheet Lead, Hails, Locks, Hinges, Plough Chains, Rope, Wire Knotting, Gorse Kaive*, Spadea aad Forks, Lamps, Fender and Fire Irons, and anything j you r«qolrf i ■\ X)HO is y»uc Plumber 1 Why W. j VV Habolby, who is <* Manufacturer of Spouting, Bidging, Steo) tJuiters, Baths, Sinks, Tanks, etc., «n<* wUo has onlundthelargwtitofifc oi Pu-nps w»d; pip 9in town.



n ,, fe&^ U.S.S, CO. U.S.S. OJ. ; r fefl^l UNION STEAMSHIP COMPANY OF NEW ZEALAND. STEAMERS SAIL fkom LYTTEL TON AS UNDER: For Wellington—Monday, Tuesday, Wed nesday, Thursday, *nd Saturday. Nelson—Tuesday and Saturday. Auckland—Thursday and Saturday. Sydney—Every Second Tuesday and Thursday. Dunedin—Tuesday and Friday. , Melbourne —At frequ*afc intervals. For parbicu.ar • apply to ' MILES * CO., LIMITED. A OENTS^^ASHBURTOjN^ FOB $ALE— 60 Acres, all in English grasses, no-u from the Tinwald Sale yards. A property s&ph ,as this has often



NEW ZEALAND CiiOTniutt Factory Men's Straw Hats from Is New Tennis Ha^s from Is lid New Tweed Hats from Is Over 1500 Hat 3in stock. New Washing Ties from 4d New Tennis Shirts from 3s 6d New Collars, New Shirts, New Studs. , INSPEd OUR NEW STOCK. CLOTHING DEPARTMENT Boys' Sailor Suits from 7s lid i Men's Sac Suits from 30s Men's All-wool Trousers from ys bd. ALL NEW PATTERNS. T VILORING "DEPARTMENT Men'sJSuits to measure from 59s 6d Men's Trousers to measure from 17s 6d BOOT DEPARTMENT. Men's Nailed Balmorals, 9s 6d Men's Bluchers, 6s 6d Boys' Strong School Boots from 6s 6d. NEW ZEALAND riLOTHING -pACTORY. ALEX* HENDRY, Manager



Itfew Jewellery. ITew Jewellery. Mew Jewellery.



3 "UST OPENED UP-—A consignment from Home of the very latest style and newest designs in Gold and Silver Jewellery, Silver and E.P. Ware, etc. Inspection invited of the very choice and High-class Stock, which will be found equal to any in Christchurch and at lower prices, A Splendid Selection of GOODS, SPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR PRESENTS.



8. SALEK WATCHMAKER, Manufacturing Jeweller, -: and :- OCULIST—OPTICIAN. East Street, Ashburton.



The Establishment for first class Watch and Clock repair ing. Charge's as low as is consistent with SO UND $ BBLIAB &is! M> OR KM AN SHIP



TO THE KLECTOBS OP> ASHBUETON. LA DIRS AND GENTLEMEN,— I INVITE YOU TO MEET ME AT THE ODIiFELLOVVS' HALL, ON THURSDAY, 12tii INST., at eight p.m., when I will address you on matters political. Front Seats Reserved for Ladies Unaccompanied. 10*2 JOHN McLA.CHL.AN.



ASHBUETON ELECTORS. LADiES AND, GENTLEMEN,— TY7 ILL YOU DO ME THE HONOR OF MEETING ME AT THE ODDFELLOWS' HALL, ASHBURTON, ON TUESDAY, the 10th, At 8 p m. AT THE TOWN HALL, LEESTON, ON THURSDAY, the 12th, at 8 p.m. AT THE TOWN HALL, BAKAIA, ON SATURDAY, the 14th, at 8 p.m. AT THE SOHOOLHOUSE, METHVEN, ON MONDAY, the 16tii, at 8 p.m.



I also propose to address you at other centres of population throughout the Electorate. Faithfully, J. CATHCAET WASON. 101-30 ,



f|A.Hr»Klt & gom' JEncalyptJ Kxtrac Thera are imitations of Eucalypti Extract in the market now, products of simple distillation forming crude resinous oils. In order that these crude oils may not be taken, Oar Pure Volatile £oca> lynti 'Extract, which is recognised by the medical division of the Prussian Government to be of nerfectly pure origin, as per information forwarded to us through the Consul at Melbourne, March 2, 1878, W<lt fs proved by tests made by the Medioial Clinics of the Universities at Bonn and Greifswal', Prussia, and reported by Dr Sclmlz, Professor of Pharmacology at Bonn and Professor Dr Moslcr, Director of the Medical Clinic at Greifswald, that only products that are saturated with oxygen and freed of ao.ids, resinous and other substances, adherent to primary distillation, will develop the sauative qualities proper to the plant, SAN-DKR & SON'S EUCALYPTI EXTRACT according to these authorities, and according to Pro fes«or Dr Lister, of England, and to Drs Bauer, Mclntire, Wood, Hazard, etc., of/, merica, is the only extract correspondiugto scientific tests, and the only one which possesses the proper therapentic value. All other crude oils are to be classed among the turpentines, which have, when used as medicino, no therapeutic effect and are abandoned as an internal medicament. These so called Eucalypti Extracts, which may have received dist nction at Exhibitions as commercial articles and are used for mechanical pur noses only are discernible :— . 1 By their deacieucy in pungent odour (which our ' product, the only genuine Eucalypti Extrac de velops most freely through its surplus of oxy '<>> ). 2 By their alcoholic thin and mobile appearance, ' being reduced in specific density through the presence of apida: 3. By their taste, iua result of the contracting tea dency of resins and temiates. If those crude oils, ao callel eucalypti extracts are ipplied by mistake jn oaaos of croup, brojieuitip, diph theria, internal inflammations, dysentery, wounds, etc. the consequences aro most appalling. For safety aslc ask alwwri for Sander and Son. 1 JEnc,al.y|»tl Extract and gst the old, well-tested and rohablo pren«ration.—Sandhurst, Victoria, AvsteaMa.— ' - «aml«r ami Son* The Best Tea IS CANTERBURY for the money, and ree from any excess of astringency. COUNTESS 2s,



KEATINGS OOUG-H LQZENGMS cures Cougli \stlima, Bronchitis. Medical testimony tates these no other medicine is so tt'ectual in the cure of these dangerous maladies. One Lozauge alono. gives easay one or two at bedtime ensures rest. For relieving difficulty of breathing they are invaluable- They con oain no opium nor any violeut drug. So d by al uoniHts in T'is, Is l^d aad 2s J)d giidh. Tins BEST KEMEDt FOR liUHuKHTICN — Norton amoniile l'ills arc confidoutly reconitnondodas 1 of ira pie remedy for Indigestion, which'is the catts;e a early all the diseases to which we are 'subject Norton's I'illa,'which "Justice " called tlip "Nutura Strcugthcnw of tlii; l'luruau .Stomach," tictas a power I'ul to/iic pud gentle apcr.ent are mild iv their opera Lion, and sale under any circusnstaiicos. ix>ld iv bottles, at Is l£d,' i's d, 11s by all mo^UoJaWadwa tat-ougliout tlio world