the crumbling away of rocks, are there fore the chief means by which soils are formed. There are, however, other agencies at work which we will briefly notice. Sand is conveyed to land situated near the sea-beach by the ■winds, and becomes mixed with the soil. Water also carries with it sub stances which become deposited in th« soil. When a river overflows its banks, mud. sand and gravel are left upon adjacent land. It not infrequently happens that these substances have been brought from a distance, from a district where the rocks are different in character to those where the sub stances are deposited, thus the soil is to a certain extent changed in character. We will now notice some of the chief physical properties of soils. The power of absorbing water is one of the chief of these, this power being pos sessed to a greater extent by some soils than by others. Clay soils absorb and and retain nearly three times as much ■water as sandy goilf, and peaty soils more than clay soils. Then again the capillary action of soils also differs. Water circulates much more freely in some than in others, this circulation is very beneficial to plant growth. In a sandy soil plants are liable to be burnt up. This is because sand not only absorbs less water than clay, but it also parts with it quicker owing to its greater evaporative power. Clay hi moist seasons retains too much water, thus causing a great lowering of temperature, which is very hurtful to plant life, while in such seasons sandy soil* will produce good crops. Another physical property is that of shrinkage, foil as it dries becomes less in bulk. Bandy soils shrink much less than clayey soils. In a soil where there is too much clay the roots of plants be* come crushed when the soil contracts after rain, air is thm> excluded from them and their growth retarded. From j this we see the value of a mixture of sand and clay, The latter retains a sufficient quantity of moisture and the former prevents the crushing of the roots during hot weather. No matter what the temperature of the atmos phere way have been during the day it cools at night, and is able to supply moisture to the soil. Sand can absorb very little of this moisture, clay a large proportion of it. One of the most im portant agents for promoting plant growth is the temperature of the soil. Some soils become heated much more quickly than others. This is partly owing to differences in colour, dark colored soils attract the sun's rays and absorb more heat than lighter colored ones. Wet soils also absorb less heat than dry soils—hence a wet soil is said to be cold. Clayey soils are of this nature, whereas sandy soils are easily heated and attain a temperature equal to that of the atmosphere.

THE ASHBtRTON GUARDIAN, SATURDAY, JUKE 17, 1893.

Printed and published by the Aahburton Publishing Company, at their registered printing office, Btunetb Street, Ath< burton. . SATURDAY, Jooe 17, INS.



BURNETT STREET | —R ESTAVBAI T.— : MRS. C. ]T BRYANT BEGS to notify that she has taken that centrally situated RESTAURANT , in BURNETT STREET, lately carried on by Mrs Ranger, and hopes to" bo favored with the same liberal support s that was accorded to her predecessor. 1 HOT MEALS AT THE USUAL HOURS - SPECIAL TKRMS to Weekly Boarders. CATERING undertaken for balls, etc., f on the shortest notice. 5 142 | T. GRAIN GEE, s WATCHMAKER, I ■ ■ . .'■ ■ ! COLEMAN'S BUILDINGS, East Street, Ashburton, ANNOUNCES that he has Commenced the Business of I WATCH AND CLOCK ) BEP AIRING, t 8 At the above address, and in soliciting x patronage would intimate that he has had > twenty-five years' practical experience in f some of the best shops in England, and ■3 can guarantee satisfaction with all work f encrusted to him, 5§237 p __ ' ir GREAT SALE 1 i AT I F. ALCOKFS, E 1 SAUNDERS 1 BUILDINGS. ! ! DOUBLE BLANKETS 6 ; — from 8s 9d to 12s 6d - to * — from 12s 9d to 17s 3d 4 : 11 — from 16s 9d to 22s 3d. > 4 THEJE ARE THE BEST VALUE EVER [ OFFERED IN NEW ZEALAND. I i MEN'S and BOYS' COLONIAL SUITS, } HATS, CAPS, 5 SHIRTS, SHIRTINGS, FLANNELLETTES and FLANNELS, 1 RUGS, CARPETS, LINOLEUMS, SHEETING, BOOTS AND SHOES. EVEBYTHING REDUCED FOR CASH FOR ONE MONTH. Fruit Trees, HAVING DECIDED to give up NURSERY GARDENING, and attend entirely to my business of PRO DUCE DEALING, I offer my large stock of Apple and other Trees at LOW PRICES. They are all of the best sorts obtainable, and having grafted them 1 myself can guarantee they are true to name. ALSO,— A Grand Lot of ORARI POTATOES CHEAP. ' 2001bs Sack Best Stone FLOUR 14s 6d. BRAN, SHARIS, ROLLEK FLOUR, and all kinds of FARM PRODUCE. , A Splendid Line of ONIONS. J. THOMAS, HAVELOCK STREET. Our Eyesight, MR A. liEVI, CIONSULTING AGENT FOR NEW / ZEALAND FOR N. LAZAKUS & CO., < OCULIST OPTICIANS, * London, Calcutta, Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, AND LAMBTON QUAY, WELLINGTON, Has arrived in Ashburton, andj MAY BE CONSULTED AT THE ESTABLISHBIENT OF MRS. SALEK, JEWELLER, (Agent for Ashburton Dißtrict) FOR A FEW DAYS ONLY, i FROM Wednesday, JUNE 14. The System of Sight Testing em ployed is our own invention (patent No. 4354), and has been universally admitted by Press and Public to be absolutely tha simplest and most perfect means yet discovered for deter mining all errors of Refraction. The personal experience and practical knowledge has been gained by years of diligent research, and is imparted to our Agents, and we wish the Public to know that we especially desire to see those who have hitherto found it impossible to obtain SUITABLE SPECTACLES. 6 41



AWING TO THE SUCCESS WHICH HAS ATTENDED MY BUSINESS, I find it necessary to PROOURE ASSISTANCE Which I am now endeavoring to do. T TAKE tbe opportunity to thank the Public of Ashburcon for their kind patronage, and to say that I hope to continue to , merit their support. H. E. Bonnington, CHEMIST & DRUGGIST, AST JSTRJSET^ ASHBUBTCN^ Tucker and Bean XT' AYE FOR SALE ALL KINDS OF COAL, WHITE & BLACK PINE FIRE WOO 9 LIME AND CEMENT, AND BUILDING MATERIALS of every description. PRO DUCK OATS, BRAN, CHAFF, &o. SPECIAL TO THRESHING MACHINE PROPRIETORS. Just Landing—Splendid Shipment of NEWCASTLE COAL Tucker It Bean, COAL, TIMBER, AND GENERAL PRODUCE MERCHANTS. ' [A CARD]. SIRS A.. C CTjABtirXSE, TEACHER OF PIANOFORTE & ORGAN, COX STREET, ASHBURTON. IERMS ON APPLICATION. 3 PEOPLE about to marry and furnish their houses, are invited to oall on Pickfora A Umlrill, AT THE ASHBDBTON FURNITURE WAREHOUSE, TANCRED STREET, Next Building Society. —NOW ON VIEV/- Dining-room Suites in Kimu, Bodroom Suites in Uimu, Iron and Rr;iss Bedsteads, Chests Drawers, Washstands, Spring M»ttm;Biid, English and Colonial Peram bulators, Horse Hair, Kapoc and Flock Mattresses, Duchesso and Fancy Tables, Floor Cloths and Linoleums, Carpels, Hearth Rugs, and Mats. Furniture Repaired, Restufled, and Repolkhed on the Promises. —Note the address— TANORED STREET, Next Building Society.



i COMPULSORY SALE OF S W ALCORN & CO'3. STOCK OF GENERAL DRAPERY, MA.NTLES, MILLINERY Etc. qommenoeson THURSDAY, 11th IN ST. EVERY ARTICLE A DECIDED BARGAIN AS STOCK MUST BE SOLD. ■ o ■ 8. W. ALCOBN & CO. EAST STEEET. / i^hU^S^L oat TjJ 4it / JK3ME -. OA IjjCj .A 1 WB^^^^BB^B^B« IIBCTw||QyMM « ~~" C/lothins 1 A) Woo in Mourning Department W. H- COLLIER. Specialty. TT7B ARE PREPARED to SUPPLY FARMERS WITH FIRST CLASS ROLLER FLOUS AT LOWEST CURRENT RATES, AND TO TAKE THEIR WDHIT Firsts or Seconds) IN EXCHANGE AT FULL MARKET VALUE. FRIEDLANDER BROS. rTTE ARE PURCHASERS OF FBEAT, OATS, BARLEY, AND KIEGRASB IN LARGE OR SMALL QUANTITIES, FRIEDLANDER BROS, IV7E HAVE FOR SALE ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF SEED WHUAT. SEED OATS, & SKED BARLEY, MACHINE DRESSED IP DESIRED, AT CURRENT MARKET RATES. FBiEDLAISTDER BKOS JUST LANDE D A SHIPMENT OP PAPERHANGINGS OF THE LATEST DESIGNS from the Celebrated Makers MESSRS CARLISLE and CLEGG, London, which, with our already Large Stock, will enable us to givo Customers a very varied range of patterns to choose from. —ALSO PAINTS COLORS AND ALL PAINTER'S REQUISITES, HAND LAMPS HANGING LAMPS TABLE LAMPS BRACKET LAMPS We are offering SPECIAL BARGAINS IN LAMPS, and we request intending Purchaser* to Inspect. John Or & Go., HARDWARE AND PROVISION MERCHANTS.



WALKER'S BOT FIjY EEMEDIMS- ■< TTTARRANTED TO C(7RE ANY HORSE AFFECTKD WITH BOTS, IF GIVEN , » IN TIME, and to Improve the Condition of the Horse, whether ho has Bol« | or not, given in two drenches. I LOCAL TESTIMONIALS. i Gray's road, Amberley, in all stages of transforms" inn, I became J September 6, J892. much alarmed about the rest <i my stock. . Mr Walker, Sir,—Your Bot Fly I used your Dot Fly Remedies on one ■ Remedy reached me in due course. I that was very bad, and hid every symp- ' gave them to one that was yfery bar 1, and torn of dying, and in three d»ys she was as I had lost a splendid jbung horse, I completely cured, and is,. doing well. I got very anxious, as the stomach presented believe it is the proper ill ing, and [if one ni.vs of bots in all stages, with the given at the proper time we shall have no coating eaten away. I am glad to tell more deaths from the Brt Fl>. you that the one I drenched according to David Brown. your instructions got quite bettor, and is now at his work aaain. I would highly Brookeide, December 12, 1892. recomroend farmers to use the same in Mr Walker,~Sir, —I wish to add my . time, »s lam satisfied that they will save testimony to the wonderful effects of your and greatly improve the condition of the Bot-fly Remedies. 1 had a valuable horse. Send m« some of your Bot Fly horse which got very bad and gradually Preventive for the summer, and oblige, got worse, I quite believed he would Yours very respectfully, have died. He kept losing flesh, got a Edward Watson. dry coat, tight skin, careworn expression of the eye, a cough, running at the nos- Killinchy, September^ 14,1892. trils, and could scarce walk, I got your Mr Robert Walker, Christchurch, remedies and gave them as directed, with Dear Sir—Your Bot Fly Remedies have the most beneficial results. The second proved a complete success with my horse, day after getting the last drench he began He had been very bad for some tims ; the to pass bots in handfuls, some of which i coat dry, a tight skin, got very low in I herewith hand you. Immediately after 1 condition, and got scarce able to walk. I passing the boti he began to mend, and quite expected he would die, as he had all is now as fat as butter, hearty and well, the symptoms of one that my neighbour thanks to Walker's Bot-fly Remedies, lost with the bots. I gave your remedies Any who doubt them send them to me, as you directed, with the following re- and I will convince them that your reme stilts :—The horse, after gettilng the late diea are a boon to the community and the bottle, became very pained, lying down suffering horse. Every horse should rolling and groaning with pain, in tho have them in the season, as lam confi paddock. He began to cough very hard, dent if usedthere will be no more deaths 1 each cough bringing away a thick humor- from the bot-fly. Uce this as you please, ous matter from the nostrils, the like of H. Lovell which I never saw before coming from a -—■■ horse. This continued all next day, Greenwood Farm, which I am cerain were the bots burst- Southbridge, August 2, 1892. I ing from the fleets of the Remedy, and Mr Walker, Sir,—-I am glad to bear coming up through the nostrils by the testimony to the wonderful effects of your effects of the'eough. After this ceased, Bot Fly Remedies. One of my best the|horse began to mend, and in six days horses became very bad ; the skin tight, I had him at work again, heartyjand well, the eye lifeless and a bad colour, and got You should make these Remedies public, low in condition. Anxious to finish so that. fanners might knew there is a ploughing a paddock I did nob want to remedy for this destructive pest. Send lay him up until he became unable to lift me some Preventive for keeping off the his feet, or do any more. We had to fly n summer,—And oblige, help him into the stable. I gave him Robert Molorraw. your Remedies, and the treatment you —— prescribed, and in a few days he was Amberley, July 26,1892. quite better, and is now at his work, To Mr Robert Walker, Christchurch. hearty and well. I quite believe, had I Sir, —Having lost three good horses, and not given him your Remedies, he would on examination found the stomach of two have died. You can use this as you completely eaten through, and the whole please. Robert Thompson. of the stomach thickly covered with bots AGENTS FOR ASHBURTON—W Anderson & J. Hesei/hne, Saddlers MANUFACTURER—ROBERT W ALKER, Canal Reserve, Woolston 4 50 William Patching, EAST STREET SOUTH, XT AS ALWAYS IN STOCK,— Tents—Calico, Duck and Drill; Tarpaulins, Dray and Rick Covers (all sizes), Oilskin Clothing, Manilla Rope (half inch to five inches), Wire Rope, Plough, Garden and Fishing Lines, Iron and Wooden Blocks, Belting, Seaming and Rop ing Twine, Pig lVets, Horse Covers (all qualities). Tents and Marquees on hire, from 12 x 24 to 25x60^ Market House. LAMPS. LAMPS. ALL NEW AND FASHIONABLE. TCST received Lamp Fittings, and Lamp wicks, We invite intending purchasers O to give us a call. HONEY. *~ HONEY. This Season's extracted and Virgin Honey retailed in any quantity to suit pur chasers. - N.B.—All goods sold at the bottom legitimate prices, and delivered to all parts of the Town and Suburbs and Railway Station. Country orders specially attended to. Town Customers waited upon if requested. STEPHENST BEOS. Stephens Bros., Market House, WITH CONFIDENCE beg to draw the attention of their Customers and the Publiotothe Mandarin and Tiger Blend Teas. THE TIGER BLEND is a mixture of the very finest quality of India andt Ceylon, whilst the MANDARIN is a combination of the choicest flowery pangen Chinas. These Teas will be found to compare for Quality and Value with any other brand placed in the market, and we claim for them the premier position for Economy, Quality, and Purity. Price—2s, 2s 4d, and 2s Bd. SAMPLES GRATIS to any one wishing to give them a trial. ORDERS BY POST despatched with Punctuality, TOWN ORDERS delivered Daily. AGENTS FOR ASHBURTON— Stephens Bros., MARKET HOUSE. Agents for Njw Zealand—J. RATTRAY & SON, DUNKDIN. 419 IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT. Breakdown of the s.s. lonic. -I n CASES OF NEW DRAPERY GOODS. Q TRUNKS OF BOOTS. Q CASES OF BELFAST LINEN GOODS. ■ OWING to the breakdown of bho s.s. lONIC the above Goods have arrived too late for the Season. —:o:-— ANDREW ORR WILL HOLD A Special Clearance Sale OF HIS ENTIRE STOCK, COMMENCING JUNE 1. ALL GOODS RE-MARKED AT A GREAT SACRIFICE. 1 Case Ladies' Button Boots 4s Gd, formerly 10s. 1 Case Stanley Shoes Is 6d, formerly 2s 9d. 100 Fairs Ladies' Evening Shoes 3s lid. 100 Pairs Soiled Blankets, Oclonial made, CHEAP. CARPETS and LINOLEUMS Is 6d per yard, under former price.



Business Notices LONGBEACH COACH. ON and after MONDAY, April 3, for the winter months, the Longbeach Coach will start from Ash burton at 4 p.m. R. R. BROWNE, Hoftchman. \\t ANTED KNOWN V f THAT J. NICHOLAS HAS REMOVED TO NEW SHOP IN EAST STREET, For tha convenience of Customers. He has now got a well selected Stock BOOTS AND SHOES, Which he intends to Sell Cheaper than any other Shop in town. His own make—" which in second to none in the district," always kept on hand, or made to order on the shortest notice. Repairs neatly and promptly executed. J. NICHOLAS, BOOTMAKER, Next to Mr Salek, Watchmaker. Thos, E. Kllworth, ASHBURTON MACHINE WORKS AND BRASS FOUNDR V, CAMERON STREET, Ashburton. .- T OCAL AUTHORISED AGENT FOR MoLAREN'S CELEBRATED TRACTION ENGINES. Estimates given for all kinds of Mechanical Works. Correspondence Invited. Tiie Dispensary, ASHBURTON. I HAVE just opened up a direct Bhip _L meat of GOODS, from Maw, Son, and Thompson, of London, Consisting of Feeding Pottles and Cups, Enemas of various kinds, Elastic Stockings, Knee Caps, and Anklets, Tndiarubber Hob Water Bottles and Air Cushions, Trusses and other surgical appliances, Sponges and Sponge Racks, Hair, Bath, Tooth and Nail Brusnes, and an endless variety of Druggist's Sundries, Tclet Requisites; &c,, all of which will be sold at MODERATE PRICES. - Mi. E. Pricbard, PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST, (Successor to C. M. Brooke). G. Jes son, (Late J. Quinn), PRACTICAL WATCHMAKER & JEWELLER, EAST STREET, ASHBURTON. I"T*AS on hand & well selected stock of WATCHES, CLOCKS & JEWELLERY, Of every Description, Watches cleaned and guaranteed for twelvemonths 4s 6d Mainsprings fitted (best quality) 4s 6d Clocks cleaned and guaranteed for twelve months 2s 6d Brooch pins fitted 3d Spectacles to suit all sights from Is per pair. Note the Address: Cw. JESBOV Watchmaker and Jeweller, East Street, Ashburton. PRINCE ALBERT TEMPERANCE HOTEL. MRS RANGER T3EGS to announce that she has GIVEN UP THE DINING ROOMS, BURNETT STREET, And concentrated her business as above. Thanking old Customers for their patronage, she trusts they will continue their favors. Well Furnished Bed and Sitting Rooms, Hot, Cold, and Shower Baths. MEALS AT ALL HOURS. MRS RANGEP will continue to cater for banquets, balls, weddings, and parties. Cutlery on hire. SJI ACTS LIKE MAGIO, A ND HAS "NEVER FAILED NSTANTLT RELIEVE OR CURB MANKIND of Rheumatism j Sciatica, Lambago, Sprains, Cuts, Wounds, &c. CUEBSIORSES or Sore Shoulders and Backs, Girth Galls, Greasy Heels, Sprains, Cracked Heels, SpHnta, Cuti, Mange, «&o. COWS Of Ulcerated Udders, and Sore Teats. DOGS of Mange, Cuts, Ac. To Farmers it is invaluable. No Household can afford to be without ib. GUARANTEED THE BEST EMBROCATION IN THE WORLD. Manufacturers: S. COX & CO., 422 Bourke Street, Melbourne New Zealand Representative: A. PARSONS, Morten's Buildings, Christehurch. Ashburton Agents: John Orb. * Co., Ashburton Drug Co. H. E. BoNNINGTON. 150 Country Agents Wanted,



Pustness Not»ce- THE ' ~" ASHBUBTON ARCADE "DAINTING & I* APERHANGING ESTABLISHMENT. JOHN WILSON (Late James Craigie), Has in Stock a Choice Selection of PAPERHANGINGS in New Designs BORDERS, DADOS, AND CEILING PAPERS in Great Variety. A large stock of glass & nd picture frame mouldings. Estimates for Tainting and Decorating given. All work executed promptly, with the very best materials and workmen. JOHS ARCADE, BURNETT STREET. STUDY HEALTH^ FOR SUMMER PORRIDGE, Kiln Dried Whole Meal is recommended by the faculty for its Dietetic and Nutri tive properties. SOLD IN 5, 7, 14, and 251b BAGS. FOR CAMP, COTTAGE, F4HM, AND STATION. JUMBO BRAND BAKING POWDER is invaluable. Bread, Scones, Cakes, etc., made with this Powder are Whole some and Digestive, and will not Sour, the Powder.being absolutely pure and contains no Alum. Sold by all Merchants and Storekeepers in Ashburton.. WHOLESALE by MANUFACTURERS Anderson A Co., TIMARU. CLEAVED J^EW 2J EaL^ND DRADStf A , AKO A.8.0. OOMMEBOIAL GUIDE, AJTD * TRADES DIRECTORY, A Complete and Reliable Guide to New Zealand, containing an alphabetical ar rangement of all places of importance in the colony, showing at a glance the dis tances and bearings from principal tswns, times of departureand arrival of all trains, coaches, and steamers, together with fares and particulars of postal, telegraph, money order offices, post office savings banks, and hotels throughout New Zea land. Maps of the North and South Islands, and Street Maps for Auckland, Christ church, Wellington, and Dunedin. A Guide from Auckland to the Hot Lakes. A Guide from Duuedin and Inverearuill to Lake Wakatipu. *~vu Cab Fares, Customs Tariff, Trades Direc tory, Watermen's Fares, etc. Postal Guide, Telegraphic Guide, Mall Timetables, Union s.s. Company's full timetable and fares. Published Monthly, price Id. Annual Subscription, Is. Posted, Is 6d, ARTHUR CLE/VVE & Co* Cm PRESS OFFICE, AUCKLAND. 8. MANNING and CO., LIMITED. BREWERS OF THE FAVORITE OHRISTOHUROH SPARKLING PALE & BITTER ALES. TO BB OBTAINED 15 HOGSHEADS, BARRELS, AND KILDERKINS, v AT OHRISTOHUROH BREWERY and or Mb H. ZANDER, ASHBURTON. ON DRAUGHT AT THE SOMERSET HOTEL, ASHBURTON, THE TINWALD HOTEL, TINWALD AND RAILWAY HOTEL, WINSLOW. Zealandla Hoots. THE Wonderful Reputation of these Grand BOOTS is still maintained, and to-day the demand from AUCKLAND TO THE BLUFF IS GREATER THAN EVER. There are more ZEALANDIA BOOTS manufactured than any other make In the Colony. - The Manufacturers are so confident of the excellent wear of these Boots that they guarantee every pair branded ZEA-. For real hard wear and comfort they cannot be excelled, and they are mad* in so many different fittings that every kind of foot can be accommodated. Householders should buy this brand for themselves and their children. Once buy a Zealandia Boot and yon will never but any other make. The Boys' and Girls' Dependable School Boots and the Paragon (Patent) are wonderful; they are regular warriors* The Ashburton and surrounding distrt can now obtain these FINE BOOTS FROM Mr J. Bishop, ZEALAITDIA BOOT STORE ASHBURTO,