The Ashburton Guardian. Magna est Veritas et Prævalebit. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1891. THE DAIRY INDUSTRY.

The annual report of the Govern ment dairy instructor, Mr John Sawers, lias been published m pamphlet form by the Department of Agriculture, and is a very interesting document. The summary of Mr Sawers 5 season's work shows that he has by no means a sinecure. He visited and gave instruc tion m thirty' Six dairy factories and twenty-two private dairies, and worked m each an average of four days, the period of instruction varying from one to eight days. He also gave twenty five lectures m different centres, «ighteen of which were on the benefits of co-operative dairying, three on butteMnaking, three on cheese-making, and one on the influence of food on the milk of cows. Most of his course* of instruction m dairy work were attended by as many of the dairy-keepers of the respective districts as cared to be present, the daily attendance during fiis Banks Peninsula tour ranging from sixteen to twenty-seven. The position of the industry is hopeful. It has not yet developed into anything like the, importance it is destined to assume,, but during the past two years, and especially during the last yeai*, con siderable progress has been made. Great benefits have been received from Mr Sawers' instruction, but a more prac tical acquaintance with the nature and handling of milk and its products is still needed by factory managers, and this can only be brought about by continued steady, instruction and the experience gained m actual working. Both m the colony and m London a marked and sustained improvement m the quality of cheese and butter is recognised. Brands of butter, which m the previous season realised thirty to forty shillings per Il2lbs below the Danish brands, were during last season quoted at about the highest prices realised on the Lon don market, and cheese from our best factories has successfully competed with the best Canadian brands. The report shows that, taking three even shipments as a criterion, the factory teasels realised from 115s to 123s per cwt» and butter .from private dairies from d& to 1155.: This shows forcibly the more profitable ms#}p of factory dairying. The greater pjyt x?f Mr SaWers' time was deyoteel io *i?aranasd #nd Banks Pew«su>, Th,o great

natural advantages *of Taranaki are highly spoken of, but the neglect to which cattle are subjected during the winter and the unsatisfactory haphazard manner m which dairy work is con ducted meet with the strongest ani madversion. What he says concerning Taranaki is, Mr Sawers goes on to say, equally true of Banks Peninsula. In stead of gaining ground m the making of a good article the farmers there had ! been gradually retrograding through departing from primary principles and inattention to details. No two had the same method of working. They were beginning to find out that factory cheese was out-stalling them m the market and were taking means to recover their lost ground, and their chances of success were considered excellent. Mr Sawers goes fully into the questions of packing, freezing or chilli-ig, and shipping, and gives a great deal of valuable information re specting the formation of dairy factories* and dairy associations, but for these we must refer our readers to the report itself, which may be ob tained from the Government pirater on application. The report should be read by everybody who is interested m the dairy industry.

LOCAL AND GENERAL

This is the fiftieth birthday of his Roya Highness the Prince of Wales. The " Marton Mercury" chronicles i monster broccoli weighing no less than 321 b. A settler m Rawke's Bay is said to hay sold two thousand fat wethers for freeziiij purposes for £2000. The "Auckland Star" calls Mr Rudyar< Kipling the '' budding Dickens." Mr Kiplin visits Samoa and then goes to India. Edward Shearer, groom with Dr Cud ningham, Port chalmers, made a determine! attempt on Friday to cut his throat witli i razor. He is likely to recover. Up to the 4th instant the "Chronicle says that 2000 cases of influenza had beei treated at Wanganui. There have beei three or four fatal cases, and sereral mor patients are not expected to recover. A little boy died recently from eating som loamy soil at Clohesy Kiver, Cairns. I appears that several children have dic< during the last few years through eatinj similar earth. John Shaw, a man who, m a drunkei freak, terrorised Geelong with a loaded re volver, and livened up public-house bar with pistol shots, w&s mildly fined 20s, am ordered to find two sureties of £25 cacl that he will behave himself for six months. A Sydney commercial housle has writtei to a Napier man, stating that there is i good market on the other side for farina and highly praises the sample of tin article (made from potatoes) recently sen over from Napier. The .Eiffel Tower, of which the Parisian used to be so proud, is now blamed for tin notable deterioration ol the weather since i was erected. It is thought to attrac electricity, and that the electricity, like tin American dynamite kites, plays havoc wifcl the passing clouds. The " Weekly Press " does us the hono to quote, with approval, some of our remark upon the recent Show. We must disdain any responsibility for Messrs Bonifant Moore, Kingston, and Bramley, being re ferrfid to by our contemporary as;Messn Beaufort, Hungtell, Moor, Kugston, an< Brawley ! At. the Anglican Diocesan Synod a Dunedin on Friday a resolution was passe< expressing that the state of the Bishop o Nelson's health has necessitated his resigna nation, recording the Synod's high apprecia tion of the Bishop's character and labors and expressing sincere sympathy with Mr Suter m her present affliction. The Pahiatua correspondent of the "Nev Zealind Times " writes : -Labor of every tor is m demand here at present. Navvies buslifellers, and handy men are not to hi got. It is quite a common thing for settler; to invite tenders for bush work withou receiving more than one or Uvo offeis to d< the work. The unemployed, of which then are it present forty-three, could all b< absorbed now m private work. ' We have received the first number of thi " Public Service Journal of New Zealand,: which is being published m the interests o the New Zealand Public Se vice Association It contains a record of the transactions o: tho Association, a quantity of infofmatior regarding the CiviJ Service, including s list of promotions gazetted during the month obituary notices of recently deceased public servants, and other matter of interest to the service, and is a very useful publication to those for whom it is included. It is m the meantime distributed frae to members of th« Public Service Association. Rev Mark Guy Pearse arrived m England on September 5 much benefited m health, and, according to a contemporary, has already started to blow the colonial trumpet. Mr Pearse was delighted with his colonial experiences and especially with the antipodean barbarians, who showed him no little kindness and filled his cup of pleasure to the overflowing. As a practical exemplification of his gratitude he js going to try and organise the brotherly instincts of the Home Methodists, so that Australian visitors shall never more, as m times past, have to mourn over their coldness of heart. One of the Picturesque Atlas appeal cases was heard m the Appeal Court last week Mr Justice Williams, Mr Justice Deiwisfron, and Mr Justice Connolly being on the bench. It was an appeal from the deci sion of the Chief Justice, which was to the effect that the respondnent was justified m refusing to accept the Atlas. Sir R. Stout and Mr Gully appeared |for the appellant company, and Mr Skerrptt for the respon dent. The Court, after heirjng S.ir Robert Stout and Mr Gully, and without calling on counsel for the respondent, dismissed the appeal, costs on the lowest scale being allowed respondent. It is not often that a bankruptcy estate (says fche Hawera " Star "),'after being m the hands of the Official Assignee for three or four years, pays all creditors m full and leaves a substantial balance with which to make a fresh start, but such an instance has to be recorded here. A bankrupt who approached the Deputy Official Assignee, Mr IJucJge, the other day, with a view of getiing.his admitted that he held a deferred paym Jtyfc ssc£ion which he had capitalised, and #n it? being pointed out to him that this was an asset available jto his creditors offered no objection £o its pejng sold It brought about £300, and after; paying all proved debts 20s m the £ and expenses, there will be over £100 for the debtor him self.

BISHOP GRIMES AT ASHBURTON.

Yesterday His Lordship Bishop Grimes celebrated Migri Mass m the Church of the Holy Name of Jesus at eleven o'clock. Mass had also been said afc an earlier hour, with Eucharist. On every occasion the Church was crowded, as well as at the Confirmation service m the afternoon. Previous to his sermon at the. eleven o'clock Mass," His Lordship took the opportunity of discharging what he saX was to him a pleasing duty—that of thanking those who m any way had con tributed to make his reception the marked success that it was. Members of his own flock wer^ ©nly too pleased to assist and so make a manifestation of their faith, but to those who were not of the faith, and had yet contributed m any way, he accorded the thanks of himself and the pastor. He then read the epistle from Colussiaus, 111., 12-17, and the gospel from Matthew—4he parable known more familiarly to Pcotastanjs as the parable of the tares, but m the version m use m the 1 Catholic Church "cockle" is the word appearing instead of tares. His Lordship speaking" from the parable' said Our . Divino Lord never spoKe to his people , except m parables, figures, and compari sons. He came down from heaven, Himself the way, the truth, and the life, to show the way, the truth, and the life to man. He condescended to our infirmities, and save the greatest proof of this m that He who was God from all eternity, and , infinite m all His perfections, left the eternal Kingdom, and came down to earth, wedding himself (as one had put !■ it) to our humanity—m everything except sin. He became poor and lowly that we j mierht become like Him, and for thirty f yeara his teaching of the people was like thfl teaching w& now use for our children, I and inculcated obedience and love to r parents and to God. For thirty years ' His life was summed up m these words— He was obedient to his parents. How i admirable He must have been m all His woHs and works. When He entered upon His apostolic career He became our model—the model of His bishops, His priests, and His people. Though we had 1 all the zeal of all the priests that ever \ lived, we would not be able to show the J zeal displayed by our Divine Lord. He went about caressing little children, em * bracing them m love. Mothers came to : Him Avith their little ones for His blessing, ' but the uncouth disciples sought to drive > them away because they thought they were molesting the Master, oufc that i Divine Master lovingly said " Suffer ■ little children to come unto Me, and for s bid them not, for of such is the Kingdom t of Heaven," and he took them tohis bosom 1 withadivinecaress, declaring ";hat one must become as one of these little children to l enter the Kingdom of Heaven. The ■ sick, the lame, and the paralysed carr.e tc i him ;he laid his hands up m them, anri 1 they were restored to health. He gavt ' sight to the blind f.nd speech to the dumb. In most touchingly eloquent words, His ; Lordship described and dwelt upon the sine m our Saviour's life when the ; miracle was performed of raising to life ' the young man who was "the only son ol ! his mother, and she was a widow," deal -1 ing man especially beautiful mannajwitl] the restoration of the son to his sorrowing but now rejoicing mother. The preachei 5 then went on to say that the prouci 1 pharisees and publicans were scandalisec ' at our Lord mingling with the poor and ' the outcast, but our Lord seemed to have | a fondness for these, and despite the scornful looks and sneers of the pharisees, turned upon.these outcasts looks of love. [ Yea, those who had been impure, became : under his looks of love ani mercy tlu ', purest ot the pure, and imprinted a . sacred kiss upon His hallowed feet. The inspired writer says that Christ nevei [ spoke but m parables and figures, antl comparisons. He lowered himself tc , raise us, and condescended to the under ; standing of his hearers by speaking m parables, and was always comparing the Kingdom of Heaven to something oi other. Once he compared the kingdom of heaven to a net cast into the sea, that gathered fish of every kind, then he com pared it to the separation of goats from the sheep m a flock, again to the grain oi mustard seed which, m Palestine, grows to a great height, then to the good seed which a man had sowed m his field. The man who sowed the good seed was the Church, which scatters the good seed, but an enemy comes when men sleep, and scatters cockle, which is bad seed. Were they asjeep ? The divine charge to preach the Gospel of Christ and Him crucified had been committed to them—-to preach to all nations, and His own words were that all power had been given to Him, and he gave all power to those He sant forth. He was the One who had the power of binding or loosing, and He said, " Go ye, therefore?, and teacji all nations." They were to baptise, and to teach the observr ance of all things that Pie had commanded. It was not their own opinions and elabor lately worked out theories they were to teach, but the Holy Ghost, the Paraclete, would instruct them. This was their authority, and it was found m the inspired volume. They were told not to be like dumb dogs, but to preach, and all men were bound to hear. That was a correlative duty imposed upon all to hear those who had this authority to preach to all nations. The last prayer of our Lord,uttered on the eve of his sorrow ful passion^ and wrung from his sorrowful heart was for the other ?het>p He had that were ' 'not of this fold," and that tfyese might be given to Him. That prayer had been ascending ever since to the throne, and it would be fulfilled. He had chosen them to go out and sow the good seed. He bade them scatter it far and wide, and woe to them if they were found slumbering. Bishop and priest were bound, m season and out of season, never to cease their labors, lest the enemy should come and scatter cockle, He was carried m thought back to th 6 early days of the Church when Sfc John, the great bishop of Ephesus, confided a youth he loved to the care of the pastor of the parish while he himself went out on hjs apostolic journey. He told the pastor to keep him as the apple of his eye, so that on his return he would get him back at his hand. But m his ab sence the enemy came and sowed cockle. All the time he was away, St John had before him this youth. When he returned he learned the story of the youth's fall and how he'had been led astray m spite of the pastor's vigilance. To the pastor, the good man said, with yearning heart— "Give me back that child, for 1 must answer for him before the throne, and so must you. Three years ago, His Lordship went on, he came to Ashburton and found there a school full of bright boys. He ejfamjn.od them, and was pleased with the results. Three years after, where were those boys ? He asked those boys of the congregation before him. He would have them. He had to answer for them before the throne of God. So had their pastor. The school had been closed. They ha<? $11 helped, and done their duty nobly ia regard to lifting the burden of debt from the sacred edifice, but they must go further. The children were the seed of the Church, and they mnst be planted and watered. He cared not what the men outside the Catholic Church may want. He wante4 the children to be moulded m faitli ftn'd'' to know about God, and this could not be done save m Christian schools. His Excellency the Governor, who represented Queen Victoria m this colony—and though bishop and priests were bound.by the very robes they wore to spend their last drop of blood for their Church, there was ## one mOre attached than they to the throne of the ernpire-r-His Excellency had, made a speecli to a neighboring

parish. He (the Bishop) had made a journey into Europe to bring the Marist Brothers to Timaru, and it"was at the 1 opening of the Brothers' house there that His Kxcellency, who opened the bassir, made these remarks, after acknowledging the address of." welcome ■ presented to him by bhe Catholics of Tinwiru: - • In the endeavour to follow the bright example of her whom I have the honor to represent, I have strivon, as you are good enough to assert, to lose no oppor tunity of expressing approval of, and interest m, the education of the young, especially where knowledge of secular things' ia combined with instruction m thl principles of the Christian faith. Par ticularly do I marvel at and admire the deep importance which you attach to the principles of your faith, carrying it as you do to the extent, of providing a special system of education for your children ju great cost, to your community, m addibion to the burdens, which lie upon you, m common with your fellow colonists, to provide a gratuitous national education for all -children m the State, the sacrifices which you have made m this cause are an example to all religious demoninations —they cannot bub excibe their admiration, and may, perhaps, l^ad to emulation. My earnest hope is that those who will reside m the building of which you now contemplate the; erection, may devote themselves, with the blessing of God, to add to a t.sound, practical education for worldly: success, the teach ing of tha eternaltruths of the New Testa ment and the practical Christianity in culcated by the teaching of our Saviour* This was what they wanted; put m a nutshell. They saw m the children Christ's own image, defaced to some, extent by some faulb, and wished to restore them to God, and. they had a right to mould and fashion them as God wished. Catholics were clamorous for this because they realised what it meant. They wanted instruction for these children m the fullest sense of the word. Dr Julius, bhe Anglican Bishop of Christchurch, had spoken on this subject as well as His JbiXcellency, and his words were —they were quoted from memory, and therefore subject to correction, but he thought they were correctly quoted—"We have &acrificed conscience for money; the Catholics have sacrificed money for conscience." He was right, for what profit was it to a man to gain the whole world and lose his own soul. It had bctsn flung m their faces ab times that they despised learning, bhe arts, and science, He flung back bo this a full denial, and defied those rwho accused them to bring; forward more brilliant minds than those educated m the Ca'holic church. The Catholics loved freedom, and did not desire that: they should be slavishly compelled to support and educite their own children, and then to have wrung from their own pockets the wherewithal to educate the children of those who were not of the faith. It was no! the children of the poor only, bub those of bhe middle and upper classes as well. He had not been long m the colony, bub he had studied this question ever since he first came to ib and he had come to look upon this acb as one border ing upon meanness, and he could nobuii-. dersfcahd bhe upper and wealthy; people sitting down while their children were educated at the cost of the Catholic; people.. The Catholic , schools were as good as any m the colony. They Were not afraid of Government inspectors, but would gladly open their doors to them to-morrow, as they wished to see their schools efficient. That day, at the foot of the Altar, he would make an act of political faith. He had never done so yet, but he would do ih that day, and ib was this—that he would never ; give liis vote bo> any member who, would'refuse, to give to the Catholic.'people the rights thab were withheld from them on the matter of education. No candidate seeking his suffrage, no matter who he wa? —good Catholic if be, and zealous m the dis charge of his duty as such (though such a one coukl hardly besupposed to exist and be opposed to him on the education ques tion)—would evnr get his vote or the vote one single person he could influence, who was not, prepared to give &. clear pledge to cud m the obtaining of justice m this direction of education. He would leave no lawful means untried to wring from the Legislature of the colony this little item of justice. Why should they be asked to erect their schools and educational in stitutions, and ab the same time have to pay for the education of all around them. Their ancestors of th? old land were re scued from paganism by the Popes of liome. It was the voice of the priests and bishops that restrained the Mussulman from overrunning Europe. It was a bishop of their church who com pelled the tyrannical King bo sign Magna Oharta. So that no one could say bhe church was opposed to freedom. Nor was she opposed to literature for her bishops had founded and reared the grandst colleges and universities m the world, whbh were the wonders of the old world and would be the marvels of ages to come. She was the friend of science and apt as the museums of England and Europe could testify, Who gave us the Greek and Roman orators and poets, and handed down thyir works to posterity written m the beautiful manuscripts which were preserved to this day I—Thel—The bishops, priests, and monks. But m all stu^y bhe Divine principle had to be re cognised, and m children's study he wanted God to be recognised, so that all actions might be referred to Him and His guidance given. He urged them to continue m what they fr,ad been doing for {jhe church, but to strive to give the chil dren a good sound Catholjc educabion so that when the time came to present them to the Lord, they might realise thab they had been fitted for the next world. The Israelites were still waiting for the Messiah, but they sent their children to the Catholic upper schools ho have morality taught, and English Church people sent theirs to the nuns for bhe same purpose. They knew and understood all this. He urged upon all by the bond of charity that bound, them together to sow this good seed and not be found slumbering so that an enemy might come m and sow cocklej of which only God would be abls to.make a choice from the new wheat. The bishop closed with his blessing.

At four o'clock a confirmation service was held, ab which the church was crowded to the door. About a hundred boys and girls came up for confirmation, aacl after His Lordship had gone through the catechism with the children to test their preparedness, the impressive rites were performed, and His Lordship delivered an address which was full of fatherly advice both to the young people and to the congregation. After vespers and benediction, m which the Bishnp was assisted by Fathers Aubrey and Chas taguon, Father Lubrey read at the Bishop's instigation the Pope's blessing upon the people of the diocese. The service was yery protracted, extend ing from four o'clock till after six. At all the services appropriate music was sung by the choir, and solos were rendered by Mrs C. M. Brookn m the morning, and by Miss Rate Henry and Mr E. Higgins m the evening.

MELBOURNE NOTES.

(from our correspondent.) The business of bhe Premier Permanent Building Society is evidently nob ye'j ab an end, James Mirams, ab one bime the idol of the Victorian financing world, was liberated from gaol, it will be remembered, only a short time back, and now he has stated a line of action by which he hope* to put the moribund institution on its feeb again. How he proposes Lo do this is not yet fully explained, even if it were f would not attempt to explain it. The atfai s of this particular society have been and are still m such an inexplbable state, of muddle that no layman who values his ■ brains or the want of them will attempt to solve the knotty problem. The Society is still m liquidation, and likely to be so for some time—the process of liquidation being generally understood as a scheme by which nobody benefits but the liquida tor. The feeling.of bhe meeting of share holders called to listen to Mr Mirams' plan was decidedly inimical bo that injured genius, and the chairman; Mr Turner, audibly stated thab he presided because he had been shown a way of realising his invesbrnenb, and " even if the devil him self had made the offer he (Turner) would ■have asked that much abused angel to tctke a seat." Mr Mirams argued that al lowing for a loss of £188,000, as appear ing on the last four balance sheets, the assets of the Society showed a balance of £74,000 over the liabilities. The depo&i bors would be forced to renounce the interest on their money pending the pay ment of the principal, and the share holders, if they decided bo transfer their j interest to the reorganised socieby, would | receive fair dividends on their invest ments., Mr C. Wilson was bitterly op-, pofed to Mr Mirams having anything more to do with the shareholders' monies; but finally it was decided that a deputation should wait on fche liquidator lo discover the real position of the Society. i The criminal neglect or parsimony— possibly b >th—of shipowners sending oub rotten hulks and coffin ships has again been brought under public notice by thn publication of the fact that ocean going steamer rarely carry the propercomplemeut of sails. The Government of Victoria re cognised that m such badly appointed crafts the breaking down of engines would do away with almost all chances of sa\ ing passengers' lives, and accordingly a circu lar letter was' despatched to the various Australian and South Sea Governments, asking their opinions on the matter. Of all biiese Fiji, Western Australia, and Tasmania express themselves willing to take concerted action with the Govern-" ment proposing it ; Queensland and Soubh Australia are evasive and apathetic, and New South Wales and New Zealand have nob yet replied. When all the answers havo been received the subject will be dealb with by the Victorian Cabinet. Speaking of the perils of those who make the sea their home, and daily give the lie to that piece of musical idiocy !S A life on the ocean wave," reminds me that the Marine Board has laid a charge of mis conduct against Captain Doughty, master of the ship " Mooltan," which labely arrived here from Fredericks'tadr. On September 5, while m mid-ocean, an A.8.. named Marcus Peterson, feir overboard from the m'ainyard whilst engaged m reef ing. The'officers'.and crew of the ship state that no boat'was lowered, although-' only a moderate sea was running, and that the vessel was not hove to until half an hour had elapsed. The steward saw Peterson swimming strongly for fully twenby minutes and the, chief mate ab tempted to throw a .life-buoy' over thfi side but was prevented from doing so by the captain. If all this be true the arraigned master has a hioafc cold-blooded 1 murder, to' answer for. The long ljst of robberies of the state by grasping landholders, akloJ by. tlu apathy of Government assessors, has cvi: dfiinjjy not yet reached, its close. In cvi- i dence taken before' the Parliamentary Commission on railways at Alexandra last Friday, one witness stated thab he had sold ]ahd'fc*r railway resumption to the-. Government for £203 worth £30 ; two acres -for £123 10s worth £15; 3 acres for £160, and the whole block of 100 acres was selling privately at fche same time for £4 10s per acre. Altogether this one witness stated that the country had been deliberately plundered of £5000 on one short line. Tne Government, despite rumors to the contrary, are preparing to fill m their regulation term of existence, and ib is improbable that any change m Parliament will take place until next March. There are the Electoral Constitutional Act Amendment and other important Bills to deal with, and the weighty matter of the new loan has to be dealt with before dis solution is possible.

FARM NOTES.

At latest advices the crops m Australia are m exactly the same position as those m New Zealand, that is to say, just suffi cient rain is falling to carry on vegetation from week to week, and if the weekly rainfall should fail the crops must inevi tably suffer. The rainfall on the Canter bury plains m September amounted to only two inches, and m October to about three inches, while the monthly rainfall during the spring months, which is neces sary to secure good crops, is from three and a half to four inches. This year there is no reserve of moisture m the sub soil to draw upon, and the position, both here and m Australia, is simply this : that rain at intervals of noc longer th&n ten days or a fortnight will save the crops, and, m all probability, lead to the pro duction of a boimtiful harvest, while the occurrence of three weeks on a month without rain may wreck the splendid pro spect which farmers now enjoy. There are fears m Australia that the moist spring «may lead to the crops being attacked by rust later on, and there are, indeed, already some indications of an outbreak of that plague. The fate of the farmers is trembling m the balance, and the news regarding the progress of the crops will be read with very keen interest during the next jfew weeks. If rust or other influence should mar the Australian harvest the new New Zealand wheat may be worth something like present prices, bub if there is a plentiful harvest on the other side prices must fall here, as they are already above London parity.

The prevalence of foot rob owing to the drooping season has caused tho various stock branches, of New South Wales to issue instructions as to the best means of: curing it. Mr Dowling, the sheep in spector of Forbes, who is considered a good authority on the subject, suggests the following as standard specifics :—(1) Arsenic and potash m the proportion of |oz of the former to 4oz of the latter, dis- j solved by boiling m a gallon of water ; (2) the same ingredients with 2oz of bluestone added ; (3) bluestone only, m the propor tion of Bosi to a gallon of water ; (4) car bolic acid and water m parts of 1 to 20 : and (5) the same as 1 or 2, with a gallon of decoction of wattle bark added. Fresh slaked lime is also recommended.

Some further results of the census of April last have been gazetted. The total quantity of butter mado m the year then ended was about 16,000,0001 b, say 8000 tons, one-eighbh of which was made m factories. The total is about twice as much as was made |Q year,s ago, and a third as much more as fiye years ago. The cheese pro.du.pt last year totted up to nearly 7,000,0001 b, 4,000,0001 bof which was made m factories. Among agricul tural machinerj there were §29 steam, 64 water, and i}sd horsa-powpv threshingl machines—total, 1052] 9427 reaping 1

machines,.oß steam ploughs, and 40 steam \ harrows. Ten years ago the number of reaping machines on farms was 6595. j

In a recent address ab one of the New York institutes Mr J. Horatio Earll, secretary of the State Merino Breeders' Association, thus accounted for the de mand from Australia for American-bred merino sheep: — " The Australian breeders have found out bhab our American sheep, raised m a cold climate, have the densest fleece. Nature assists us m tint, climate to raiee more fibres to the square inch than any other country, and density m what they want. Their flocks are turned to pasture all the year round, and necessarily tliey must take the storms. Our rams crossed on their home-bred ewes not only increase the weight of the fleece, bub the density given to the fleece, especially over the back and hips, helps to keep out the s' orm and rays of the sun from penetrat ing the fleece,"

Some curious examples of streaked wool, the results of experiments made by Mr W. A. Murray, of Capedee, South' Australia, with the object of getting a breed of black sheep, are now to be seen m Adelaide. The experiments were 1886 and m the first instance Mr Murray selected black ewes from flocks of pure merinos, where sheep of this color were usually destroyed. It was not till 1889 thab enough ewes were secured. Mr Murray's other aim was to get a ram with one more leneration of black. In 1890 Dense Darky was obtained by the black ram Satan out of a black ewe ; and this year a dozen lambs, quite black, except for a white star, have been secured from Dense Darky. Last year the wool irom this ram was perfectly black, but this year it has undergone a curious change, being black at the tip and streaked with grey and white further down. Several experts to whom bhe wool has been submitted, say they have never seen anything similar to it.

The Tauranga sheep disease has been referred to so ofben that it has almost been accepted as a fact. The most recent; theory was bhab bhe mortality w*is due to some peculiarly poisonous plant. Re cently Mr McLean, M.R.C.V.S.-, visited the district .it'the instance of bhe Govern ment, and his report jusb published,, ought to silence for ever tho cry about special diseases and special injurious plants m the pasture. Mr McLean is un-* sparing m his condemnation of thp system of sheep management adopted there, and" considers that all m >riality and looses have to he laid on the settlers' own shoulders. The parasites usual to sheep were found, and the external -parasites were m such numbers as denoted ''a s;reat amount of carelessness amongst the owners." The botal absence of any ptovUiou for wintering the sheep is also commented upon, and the conclusion he came to is, that the lambs were dying " from inani tion, due primarily to want of suitable nourishment; and "secondly, to the ex haustion caused by the various parasites, which follow as a natural sequence on their debilitated condition."

A correspondent m; the "Agricultural Gazette " draws attention .to a; matter, that is not unworthy the attention^! some horse-breeders and exhibitors m New Ze/iland, narmery, the danger to which valuable draught animals are -submitted m the process of the artificial fattening for exhibition, which is so prevalent at all leading shows. This, he says, "will infallibly lay the seeds of disease m what ought to be the parents'-of the finest race of draught horses m the word." Every experienced horse owner ia opposed to the "system, bub m practice every, ex hibitor follows' it, for the reason that;uri less draught horses are shown as fat as they can be made they have no chance with- ilu jiil^-vs. ; As. L'li-v. - ,-, r^cer: points out: "We do not show fat greyhounds, pointers, racehorses, hunters; why should we show fab carthorses ? I venture to think that it is actually misleading, as our animals are shown so loaded with this i deformity that the muscles ceased to be i definedj and many of the lines are obli terated. ... A large proportion of the mares shown m the ' pink of condi tion ' m the spring are barren for years : a large percentage di& m foaling," In a Cisc m which one of these mares died a post mortem examination showed that the liver, which was m a very diseased Sate, weighed 411 b, the normal weight of that organ being aboub 141 b.

The ways of the wily middleman are as dark as those of the heathen Chinee (says the Melbourne "Ai'e"), and every now and then the agency parasite br«aks oub m a fresh place. It is only m the order of things that people m the town should be made to pay Is to Is 6d per 1b for butter, while the farmers cannot make their dairies p riy when they get only 4d or 6d. But while both producer and consumer are "got at " by the middle man on the sale of the manufactured article, In one respect tho producer has been further severely bled \n the purchase of bis manufacturing plant. Farmeru have occasionally coinplained of the high price of cream separators, but the agents have quelled the objection by pointing- 1 out that the price covers a heavy duty on the importation of these articles. Now, as it happens that cream separators are imported free of duty by of Parlia ment, the alleged duty has presumably gone into the capacious pocket of the agent, arid the farmer has been defrauded to the extent thereof.

It is worthy of remark (says the "Mel bourne Leader ") that all the best farmers —those who grow the heaviest crops of wheat, and generally speaking make the most money—keep.a flock of sheep regu larly on their farms. The influence" of the sheep m keeping the land clear of weeds is not- sufficiently appreciated. There are varieties of weeds: which horses and cattle will eat and hold m cheek, but as a rule they are altogether too dainty and select m their diet to take the place of sheep, which are the universal scaven gers of vegetation. A sheep farm can be picked out at a distance by the freedom from brush and rank weeds. Not oiily are the pastures free from weeds, but the cultivated fields of a sheep farm are usually full of fertility and profitably pro ductive. These animals, which consume everything that grows, leave their drop pings scattered over the fields m such form as to be m the very best condition for plant food. The lover of a tidy and thrifty farm will reckon sheep as no small item m the count. Moreover, except m rare cases, grain cannot for any considerable periods be profitably grown without combining with its production sonic sorb of stock feeding. The law of Nature, which, like that of ethics, imperiously insists that no man shall with impunity take something where nothing is given m return—gather where he has not sown—is attested by exhausted fields and a decaying agricul ture wherever the decree has long been unheeded- But while the• importance of raising and feeding domestic animals m ihe absence of any bub the mosb excep tional environments is generally recog nised, there are what may be called secon dary considerations m support of live stock husbandry which are boo frequently lost sight of or ignored by the" casual student of the situation. ::

TELEGRAPHIC.

HOME AND FOREIGN

[per press association.

INFLUENZA.

London, November 6. The Peninsula and Oriental Com pany's R.M.S. Massilia, from Ade laide, has been quarantined at Gibral tar, having several cases of severe in fluenza on board. Four of the worst cases were landed.

SUGGESTED ARC HI EPISCOPAL VISLT.

The Archbishop of Canterbury favors the suggestion that he should pay a visit to the colonial churches.

THE JEWS.

Baron Hirsch will convene early m the new year] an international Jewish congress to consider the best means of relieving their Russian Compatriots.

THE PAMIR,

The news is confirmed that the Rus sian expedition to the Pamir districts held Captain Younghusband, the leader of the British exploring party, a prisoner, until he signed papers pro mising to avoid certain certain passes m the country.

THE MELBA DIVORCE CASE.

The Duke of Orleans has retained Mr George Lewis to conduct his defence m the divorce suit m which he has been made co-respondent.

IRISH AFFAIRS.

The "Right Hon. William L. Jackson, M.P., Financial Secretary to the Trea sury, has been appointed Chief Secre tary for Ireland. , . . Mr O'Brien states that the Boulogne revelation has disgusted the Gladstoni aus and inspired distrust and disincli nation to rely on the word of the Mc- Garthyites, London, November 7- The Government intend increasing the police at all ports on the Irish coast m consequence of:secret rumors. The election for the, vacant seat of Cork, m. the House of Commons, caused by the death of Mr Parnell, took place, with the result that Mr Martin FLivin, the McCarthy candi date, was returned. : The numbers polled wem—Mr Flavin, 3669 :Mr J. Redmond (Parneilite)',^?; Mr Sars field (CTnionist), 1161.

BRITISH TRADE.

During October the rvalue, of the imports decreased £872,000, and the value of the exports decreased =£2,500,000. . •

THE CHICAGO EXHIBITION.

New \ork, November 7. The report that the building for the Chicago Exhibition is unsafe is officially denied.

THE BRAZILIAN CRISIS.

Rio de Janeiro, November 6. , The army and navy have compelled General Fonseca to become Dictator as he was suspected of an intention .to re store the Empire under a grandson of the dethroned- Emperor,- Don Pedro.

RUSSIA'S TROUBLES.

St. Petersbuhg, November 7. Russia has ceased the construction of the Siberian railway, owing to lack of funds. A large contingent at Kieff are living on refuse from the abattoirs. The Russian press adopt an insulting tone m referring to Germany's offer of help to the famine-striken people, and urge the authorities to refuse to accept it. ' . .. '""'". i

THE TROUBLE IN CHINA.

Hong Kong, November 7. It is reported that the Great Powers will seize Shanghai and detain the Customs revenne m the event of the Chinese Government further delaying the payment of the indemnity for the recent outrages.

THE PETROLEUM STEAMER FIRE.

Athens, November 6. Thirteen others, who sustained in juries on board the English petroleum steamer which caught fireofi'Negropont Island, have succumbed.

AUSTRALIAN.

THE BANKING TROUBLES

Brisbane, November 6. An important lawsuit has been begun here. Mr Edward Robert Drury, general manager of the Queens land National Bank, Sir Thomas Mc llwraith, Sir Arthur Palmer (President of the Legislative Council), and the Hon. Frederick H. Hart, M.L.0., have been charged with malfeasance as Directors of the Queensland Invest ment Company. It is alleged that they advanced the moneys of the Com pany to the extent of £66,000 to Mr Gritnby, accountant of the Queensland National Bank, who is also included with the defendants, on grossly in- : sufficient security. The Company is | now seeking to recover the amount.

INDUSTRIOUS SHEARERS.

Seventy-four free shearers have passed through Rockhampton, on their way back to New Zealand, having completed thei,r agreement with the pastoralists in' this colony. They take £6000 between them.

A SEA SERPENT.

Adelaide, November 6. The Bishop of Adelaide, while visit ing Coffin's Bay on the east side of the Eyre Peninsula, discovered a dead sea serpent sixty feet m length. It had a round body like a snake and a tail like a whale.

LORD SHEFFIELD'S TEAM.

Lord Sheffield's team of English cricketers has arrived,

THE NEW SOUTH WALES MINISTRY.

Sydney, Novembers. Mr Barton, the Attorney-General, has been re-elected by a majority of 9. [All the members of Mr Dibbs' Minis try have now been re-elected.l

THE FINANCE COMPANIES' TROUBLES.

The Federal Reversionary Invest mentand Financial Company (Limited), have suspended payment.

H.M. STANLEY.

ApsANYv Efovember 7. Mr and Mrs H, M,, Stanley 4iave arrived here. '•,-, -

INTERPROVINCIAL.

' Auckland, November 6. . The Premier, it is reported, intends to visit this part of the, colony next month,

A well-known resident of Auckland, Mr C, Harris, senr., formerly merchant, died to-day. He has been m the colony for forty years. In reply to an application thab a horse track should be constructed, connecting Stratford with the Central Railway route, a telegram has been received from the Minister of Lands, stating that it would cost £6800 to make a passable track, or £100 a mile, and there are no funds available. Auckland, November 8. Sir F. Whitaker states that he knows nothing of the reported settlement of the I Whitaker-Hutchison case. Feilding, November 7. Mr Cadman, Nauve Minister, has gone on a tour m the Pohangina and Ocal Creek districts, m connection with settling Natives on the land. Wellington, November 6. A fire occurred on board the steamer Dmic, lying at Queen's wharf. Smoke was seen issuing from her fore hatch, and on the hatch being opened it was found that some bales of wool which had been taken on board during the morning were burning. The flames were soon ex tinguished, and the damage proved to be comparatively trifling. The " Post" states that tho action, Whitaker v. Hutchison, which arose out of statements made by the latter m his place m Parliament, has been amicably settled. '. Geo. Hunter; encaged by the Welling ton-Manawatu Railway Company, wan knocked down by a carriage io-day and run over. His-left arm was terribly crushed, his head- cut m several places, and his body bruised. The Mokau Coal Company sent the steamer Rowena on her first trip to Mokau f >r coal to-day. Wellington, November 7. The Wellington Rowing Club have pre sented W. Bridson, amateur champion sculler of New Zealand, with a gold albert and locket. Bridson represents New Zealand m the Victorian sculling championship to be rowed m Melbourne on Monday. Lsuncelot Holmes, for many years pilot at Wellington Heads, id dead. He retired three or four years ajo.. He had been ailing for a considerable time, and dropsy was the immediate cause of death. The Waihora, which arrived from Sydney this morning, brought 130 saloon and 189 steerage passengers for Welling ton, Chritttchurch, and Dunedin. Blenheim, November 6. Mr.T. Bell, of Holmes and Bell, denies a statement that has been made by the "'Evening Press" that he is withdrawing money from the colony m consequence of Mr Ballance's policy. Greymouth, November 8. Dr T. Smith, a popular practitioner her* for the last twenty-six years, died suddenly this afternoon. He was lying on the sofa about one o'clock playing with a little child, when he was taken with a stroke of apoplexy and-was dead ma' minute. He was apparently m the best of health and led a very active life.

SPORTING.

V.-R.C SPRINjG MEETING, (PER PRESS ASSOCIATION ) Melbourne, November 7. Following are results of the concluding day's racing :-— Foal Stakes.—Strathmore 1, Sainfoin 2, Tiraillerie 3... Flkmington Stakes.—Urith 1, Happy Jack 2, The Captain 3. V.R.C. Handicap.—Portsea 1, Sir William 2, Chintz 3. Steeplechase. —Marmion 1, Messen ger 2, Dolphin 3. Canterbury Plate, — Steadfast 1, Sadim 2, Marvel 3. Fkee Handicap ; 1| mile.—Yarran 1, Dan O'Connell 2, Villiers 3. On returning to scale at the finish of the Canterbury Vlate, Harris entered a charge against Moore of foul riding, but after enquiry the stewards dismissed it, ordering Harris to appear before them at 3 o'clock on Tuesday afcernoon to explain his own peculiar riding of Marvel, who started at five fco one on him. Some of Harris' displays duiiag the meeting, notably on Correze m the Melbourne Cup, are considered to be most unsatisfactory. In the Steeplechase seven horses fell and Batty had one of his legs broken.

Wellington, .November 6. 1 The racehorse Problem, alias Carnio, has been discovered m a paddock ac Car terton, the ownor of which is unable to account for his present there. The rwsehorse Problem having been re covered by its owner, Mr Richards, pro ceedings against William Parkes, who has been arrested m Sydney|far the larceny of the animal, have been abandoned. Con stable McGill, who was despatched by the Taieri'for the purpose of bringing Parkes back to the colony, lias been recalled from Picton, where the boat stopped to take m cargo.

THE MARKETS.

(PER PRBSS ASSOCIATION) London, Novembers, New Zealand long-berried wheat 4os j market firm. :

For off-coast cargoes holders ask 425, but the buyers are not inclined to give more than 41s. Adelaide wheat, 465, market firm; Victorian, 45s 7d, .firmer. Canterbury mutton, 4d ; the market is glutted at present. Lamb 4fd. Boef, hindquarters, 3Jd.

TO-DAY'S TELEGRAMS.

PER I'KKSS ASSOCIATION.)

Auckland, November 9. The weather is fine to-day, and the streets arc crowded with thousands of people witnessing the labor demonstra tion. The procession- was small. Some splendid banners were carried, but apart from several bands there were scarcely one hundred people marching. The only feature of interest was the Typographical Society trolly, on which an editorial room was represented, with editor, devils! paste pots and other accessories. The sports follow, and Sir George Grey will deliver an address. ' , -

ST THE ASHBURtW GtJARDIAtf: MONDAY, NOVEMBER 0, iB9l.



During the hearing of a case m Sydney, brought by the police against H. N. AU bctt, of Auckland, for holding a "consul tation sweep," Mr Abbott swore he had ceased ,to bo connected with "Adam B.ede ; " and was in' ria way responsible for the sweeps now feeing run under that title wlu'ch |fc seems are npw gqnductcd by a former employ^ of Abbott's, True economy To purchase Countess Tea for two shillings. Free from any ex? cess of astringency Teas.free from any excess of astringency ■South British Tea Company's pure blends All ftorek'Jepera



The Monowai, with the San | Francisco mail, arrived at Auckland on Saturday after noon. The Mail should reach Ashburton by the first train to-morrow. ' Our summary of news is held over. The best medicine is Sander and Sons Eucalpy ti Extract. Test its eminent power ful effects m:coughs, colds, influenza, etc. the relief is instantaneous. Thousands give the most gratifying testimony. His Majesty the King of Italy and medical syndicates ail over the/world ate its patrons. Read the official reports that accompany each bottle* We,have no occasion to offer rewards m proof of fie .genuineness of our reference*. The offiMal reports of madtoal clinics and univer sit ies, the official communieat ion 3of $he Consul General for Italy at Melbourne; the diploma awarded by the International Exhibition Amsterdam—all these are authentic docu ments, and, as such, not open to' doubt. We add here epitome of one of the various cases treated at the clinic of Sclmltz, M D Pm. fessor, etc.—"C. 8., 24 years «M, conoea, tional abscess on the thigh, - Incisions made m two places. Although Lister's dressing was applied, the seorotfon became, two days later, very copious, and had adopted a ft»tid decomposed character. The temperature www enormously. In consequence the dressing was removed and m,its place were mad* during the day.time repeated irrigations witK Eucalypti Extract. The offensive fceter dis appeared very soon, the fever abated within , a fevr day^ juul the patient recovered after the lapse of several weeks. 1 Xv, tbie instance we must not lob© sight of the fact that the atter treatment saved the patient's Uf«. », Advt.) g -^



"Keatlng's Powder" destroys Bugs* Fleas, Moths, Beetles, am] all qther insects, whilst quite harmless to domestic anhr-als. In exterminating Beetles the success of this powder is extraordinary. It ia perfectly clean m application. See the article you purchase is "Keatino's," as imitations are noxious and ineffectual. Sold m Tius,6 d, Is, and 2s 6d each, by &\l chemists.



The JJoman Catholic journals at Treves publish reporjbs pi several miracles which are stated to have .gepnyrgd jn connection with the exhibition of the Holy Qoat. The cases mentioned are given as "authentic/ One of the most noteworthy is the 'cure of s> certain abbess, whose withered arm, ifc was averred, was healed through being brought into contact with the relic. A cripple was enabled to walk without the aid of crutches, and m another £%s# an old woman, who had to be carried into th& c&jthgdral, suddenly: recovered the use oi her limb*, waliii#g ajyay without assistance. Several blind persons arc said to have received sight. Each cure it is explained, iias been carefully investi gated by tlje episcopal authorities, and cer tificates based qu njedical examinations of the subjects, both before ajj.d after the so called miraculous change, have been given, iS'iuiau Uyslop and Co.'s " Imperial pure Ceylor and Indian Team are the best m the market.—(idvfc.) Many exhibitors at the late Ashburfcon Show, were doubtless disappointed m not winoiwg prizes. A picture value 10s is given »w»y wit}} every Fifty Shillings' worth of WarbUrfcofl's Q'4U'^ c eafc Baking Powder.—Fact. Ask for- Niniah Hyhlop, and Co.'s Imperial new seasons Pure Ceylon and liMm feas- Special prices,—(Adyfc,) I



Wanted. > . ] TRY Bryant's Temperance Cider, if ' you want a good Summer Drink. . 11_17 WANTED to seU7 cow very quiet, a good milker.—.John Strirling, Ashburtop, 11 41 "tr^ANTED to Let.--8-Roomed House, ** good situation. Applications to Cbarlbs Braddell. 11 25 BROOKE'S Carboliaed Scaly Blight Cure is the best of all, bar none. ICE Cream ready at all hours, during the summer months at Flower's. Cough Drops as usual—H. G. Flower, East street. W "ANTED Known—H. Dudley will sink Deep Wells and supply Cylinder Pumps and Piping, and guaran tee water to surface at 3s 6d per foot. — H. Dudley, Moore Street, 6§64 ANTEDKnownT^-At''The Corner" . nowselling Ladies' French Shops. 5s lid. See-them.—W. H. Coiaieb. WANTED Known—A Beautiful Xine of French Dress Goods, double width. Is lOjd ; original value. 4s. —H. C. Seoeks, Melford House. SALE Now On of Books, Stationery, Fancy Goods, Music, etc. Great Reductions for Cash. —L. F. Andrewes * and Co., Stationers' Hall 10 113 W" ANTED Known. —Bargains m White Muslins and Embroideries, also fancy Aprons, at W. H. Collier's, "The Corner." ALL Wool Colonial Tweed Suits to measure; fit and workmanship guaranteed; from 50s cash. Robert Alcorn, Ashburton Clothing Mart, Saunders' Buildings. A NDREWORRhas just opened 18 XL dozen of the Stanley Shoes, Speci ally imported from France, m Ladies" and Gents', made of Canvaa and Cord, Ladies, Is Jld ; Gents, 2s 6d.—Andrew our. HEEP SHEARS. Having secured^ Stock of the celebrated 8.8.A., and »s there are very few m the Colony, Shearers ara requested to call early.—■ Robert Alcorn, Saunders' Buildings. WANTED Known—A special line of Cashmeres, all shades, now selling at Is per yard. White Blankets 5.s lid per pair.—H. C. Segers, Melford House. WANTED Known.—Tailoring de partment. Suits made to order from £2 10s. Large stock of men's and boys' suits, Kaiapoi, Roslyn, and Mos giel. Shirts, ties etc.—Andrew Orr. * 10 90 ~T\l ANTSD Known.—For stylish Mil- VV Hnery, Costumes, French dress goods, Robes, Hosiery and Gloves, Sun shades; Umbrellas, French Costumes, etc., go to Andrew Orr's. 10 88 WANTED Known — Being over stocked m Corsets, we have re uced every pair. Ladies from Is 6d Cheapest house m town.—H. C. Segers, Melford House. •TITAN TED~KNOWN gonuPJelJiearin jg *V Sale is going on and the Boots are going out. Best value yet offered, ten per cent for cash, the very best work and repairing done at once at J. M. Moison's lown Hall, East Street. VTTANTED Known.—l have a large VV stock of Tin and Ironware Goods to select from. Register Grates, Stoves, Portable Boilers, Spouting and Ridging kept m ptock.—J. W. Hardley, East rtreet. 6J202 WANTED Known.—Just opened special lot of Ladies' Bond street and Tom Tug hats now very scarce. Also a shipment of new Corsets, including wire, ock, quillbone, Venus, corded zone V and N cestus, featherbone and it;vigorator.— Andrew Orr. 10 89 TO Meet the Times.—l am supplying Galvanised Iron Tanks from 30s upwards, warranted for twenty yeans, Force pumps, deep well cylinders of all descriptions. Inspection invited.— J. W. Hardlby, Eas street. 6J201 ONEY TO LEND, upon Freehold security, m sums to suit bor rowers. Small amounts can be repaid by iiiatalmante, if so desired. Apply to Mr C. W. Pcknell, Solicitor, Mont gomery's Buildings. 9 ISO