BIRTH.

Brown.—On March 9th, at Wakanui, the wife of Samuel Brown, of a son. Both doing well.

The Ashburton Guardian. Magna est Veritas et Prævalebit. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 11, 1891. DAIRY FOCTORIES.

The reports from London of the improved condition m which recent shipments of butter have arrived to that market are very pleasing, after the long series of complaints that have been made respecting our produce m previous seasons. The reason for the change m the tone of the London brokers' remarks is quite clear. Inj past seasons the London market was only looked upon as the last resort of clearings of the colonial market—any thing that could not be sold for local consumption, and was unfit to send to Australia was packed up m the cheapest possible way and shiped off to take its chance at Home. We have changed all that. Shippers have found out that such consignments were only saleable at a price that often did not cover freightand charges, and haveaban doned all dealings m inferior produce, and m the last and present seasons have confined their operations to the out-put of the factories and the best private dairies. Shipments to London have been almost exclusively factory butter, the exceptions being a few large dairies, and the properly blended I and packed produce of good small dairies m such districts as Ellesmere, Kaiapoi and Banks and Otago Penin sulas. All thesft are shipped under distinctive brands, which are becoming known to buyers, and which can be depended upon to be borne only by produce of regular and good quality and condition, The same conditions are beginning to obtain m the cheese export trade. The old state of affairs when farmers turned out their cheese 'of all sorts, shapes and sizes is fast passing away. In Mr Sawers a practical instructor has been found, who takes command of whatever dairy he may be visiting, and himself goes through the whole process of cheese-making for the benefit of the farmer and his family and neighbouring dairy-keepers. The re sult is that cheese is being made of regular sizes, shapes, and quality, and can be exported m marketable quanti ties of one description which can be followed by other parcels identically the same. The preference is still given to factory makes, indeed one of the largest buyers m New Zealand informs us that if he could supply his requirements from factory butter and cheese, he would not trouble with farmers' lots. There is proof of this m the sale of the Flemington Factory's' output of cheese for the season at the highest price that has been or will be paid m Canterbury this year. The moral is that factories must be estab lished wherever practicable, and where this cannot be done dairy-farmers must follow as closely as possible the prac tice of the factories, and produce butter and cheese which complies with the requirements of exporters.

LOCAL AND GENERAL

Mr Josepp Kuott, the temperance elocu tionist and lecturer, has appeared befor good audiences and created a most favorable impression m Dunedin. The only living lineal descendant of Columbus is dying. He is a Duke .inda breeder of the finest fighting bulls m Spain. Jacob's well and the plot of ground sur rounding it have been sold by the Turkish Government to the Greek Church for £4000. Magistrate : " Were you prisint whin the assault was committed on ye ?" Witness: '' May 1 it please the Court, I had just got there." In the E.M. Court tins morning a first offender appeared before Major Steward, J.P., on a charge of drunkenness, and wa3 , ditr.vissed with a caution on payment of one shilling expenses incurred, The qld threercqil cable broke down at noon on Tuesday eight mile?from Wellington, and it is probable that extra men -will be sent to Wakapuaka and Wanganui to work that line. The damage is expected to be re paired m two or three days, The quantity of butter exported from New Plymouth breakwater for February, was 102 tons. This does not include the quantity sent from Waitara and by rail to Welling ton. Hitherto railway officials were exempted from serving on juries, being Government servants. Mr Justice Edwards has held that railway officials are no longer the servants of jfche Government, but servants of the Com missioners, and ljable to. serve on juries. Taking the average of th§ last nine yeaps the weather forecasts of the Meteorological Council of the Royal Society for the whole of the British Isles have, it appears, been justified eighty-one times out of every hundred. In our report m last Friday's " Guardian " of the meeting at Dromore re Water Supply, Mr Wiaght was made to say that Mr Sargcant had moved m the Upper Ashburton Road ISoard a peaplution " approving" Mr Wright's efforts —the word, should have •l?eejji " opposing,'' as shown by the cqnte^ct, A Rangitikei contractor mixed the eorres pi}tyd/effa» t'!ie other day, and the .County .Council got a l^fctej? marked " Tender fot — t-. — t-" which commenced <fT)ear Annie." What the lady said when she qpenkl hers aud found that he was. willing to tender for her at so muoh a tjhain, etc,, is not reported. Mr J Scott, by whom fcho men who went from Dunedin tC fUsi«ania for employment on the Zeehan railway contact were engaged, , informs the " Dunedin Times h tlwt he ™s received numbers of letters m whiel? tne writers express their satisfaction with the state of matters existing on the contract. This seaton's output of cheese of the Plemington Factory has been sold m one line at a. price stated to b,e the highest paid m Canterbury this season. The quality of the Flemington product ia now OBly equalled by th&t of "three other factories m New j Zealand, a fact upon which the manager and shareholders are to be .GongeafcuJafced,. At the inquest <w the bodies of Browiji antl ' his son, drowned near the mouth of the . Waimakiriri on Sunday, a verdict of "acci dentally drowned" was returned. Mr Brown was a good swinimsti? Iwfc Wa§ either taken with cramp or carried down b,y the j under tow, caused by the current of the river j meeting the incoming tide. The " Taieri Advocate " recognises several of the names publisher! hi connection with the Zeehan railway contractors'' prosecutions! as those of men who have done little work, and have frequently appeared before the police court. The principal offence is breach of contract; the men being evidently anxious to get what they can at the railway' works, and then leave the district. The " Feilding Star " contains the follow ing interesting item :—When the Ministerial Ptyrty were [going up the Mokau river the leadey " burst out into song " and made the welkin rug witty fhe notes of his resonant $ice. " Ah, ha," 'gasped an almqst speech, less admirer to the gallant skipper of the boat, " Did you ever hear 1 music 'like that m your bloomi'n' boat before?" The-skipper .replied, "Not since I brought down the last cargo of pigs." This completely upset the gravity /ni the Honorable and genial Dick ij?<ido.U; t\»<i 1»5 mvei wittj Jiaugbter,

Hypodermic injection seems to be the 1 fashion of America, but the latest dodge is -i the most remarkable of all. There is said to be-practised among ladies tho" hypo dermic blush," produced by injecting a small quantity of colouring matter beueath the skin of the cheeks. The effects are stated to last two hours. Afterwards a greenish-yellow complexion supervenes by way of revenge. In the District Court at'Ashburton to-day lns_ honor Judge Ward delivered a long written judgment m the bankruptcy case of W. de R Wilson, declaring void the stock mortgage and wool lien held by the Bank of Australasia, and giving costs against the bank. Mr Purnell appeared for the assignee, and Mr Wilding for the bank. An order was granted staying proceedings pend ing an appeal. The fastest mile a single .man has travelled by various methods of locomotion is, to date, as follows :—Swimming, 26 mm. 52 sees.; walking, 6 mm. 23 sees,; snow shoes, 5 mm. 39.^ sees.; rowing smin. 1 sec; running, 4 mm. 12£ sees.; tricycle, 2mid. 49 2-sth sees.; bicycle, 2 mm. 49 4-sth sees.; skating, 2 mm. 12 3-sthsecs.; trotting horse, 2 mm. B|secs.; running horse, 1 mm. 35 sees.; railroad train, 40J seconds. Balloon, pneumatic ,tube, and electricity records are yet to be made. Mr Tom Mann ssserts that there are 90,000 men out of employment m lLondon f alone. The "Daily News" says this is an under-estimate of the number of the unem ployed, and basing its statement on authenticated statistics, it shows there are 160,000 men and 80,000 wwiien (who are entirely dependent ou their own earnings) out of employment m the great metropolis. Mr Tom Mann says that men, women, and children are dropping down daily of starva tion m London, and no doubt, the position is the same all over the country. The hearing of the Maori fishing cases was resumed at Kaiapoi on Monday. Counsel for the Natives contended that the Native rights of fishery guaranteed by > the Queen m the treaty of Waitangi could not be interfered with by the Colonial Government; that under those rights they were entitled to net all fish, and consequently to net trout. On the other side it was contended that the Natives surrended their right of mahinga kai by Kemp's deed, and that under the decision of Judge Fenton m 1868 the Maoris here gave up their claims m con sideration of a grant of land m the Timaru district. Judgment was reserved. At the Christchurch R.M. Court on Tues day, Bowermt»n and Co. f proprietors of the Picturesque Atlas, sued Henry Nun week for the sum of £10 10s, value,of a work alleged to have been ordered. Defendant said he agreed to take one part only, which was delivered and paid for. Forty-one other parts were sent him, but he refused to take' delivery. The plaintiffs produced orders signed by the defendant and other persons for the whole work. The magistrate said it was {ridiculous to suppose that a number of men accustomed to business would put their names to a blank form, and judgment wa3 given for plaintiffs* for; the amount claimed with costs

The Rev Dr Oswald, Keatinge was found guilty at the Sydney Central Criminal Court of an attempted criminal assault on a girl thirteen years of age, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment. Mr Justice Windeyer, m summing up, commented ill strong terms on the conduct of Messrs Willis and Taylor, M. L. A. 's, adding that if Taylor's evidence was to be believed Willis had con nived at the, escape of the prisoner from the colony to be relieved from a threatened law suit, and finding that Keatinge would neither leave the colonyi nor abandon the law suit he (Willis) sought to protect himself by ex posing the crime which was committed at Taylor's house. Prior to that time Keatinge had been associated with Willis and Taylor m the conduct of a newly started Sunday paper. Willis, who is the actual proprietor thereof, had refused to pay Keatinge for some articles contributed. Tay'or while under cross-examination, admitted that he was frequently drunk for a week at a time, and possibly might have gone for more than that time without washing himself. The attempt ed assault was committed last November, and though the girl told Mr and Mrs Taylor of it at once, tlisy concealed the fact for over two mouths. The jury, m, returning the verdict, added a rider expressing the highest indignation at this conduct. From the time when Keatinge entered the gaol he seemed to be convinced that he would not live loug, and his bias act was to write, a long letter couched m affectionate terms to his wife. Shortly after he had finished this, ho was seized with a n't, which ended fatally. A pod mortem examination showed that the brain was much diseased, and that the severe mental strain had probably brought on the attack. There was no indication of suicide.

SANDER AND SONS' EUCALYPTI EXTRACT.—In protection of the world wide fame our manufacture has acquired all over the globe, we publish the following : Hazard, M.D., Professor of General Patho logy and Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System, says m an editorial published m the "Clinical Record":—"We have examined half-a-dozen specimens of different manufac tures ; the preparation of Sander and Sons was the. only one that proved to be reliable and corresponding to scientific tests." Another concoction called '' Refined Extract of Eucalyptus" has made its appearance since. This product stands, according toDr Owen, foremost m causing injurious effects, That gentleman communicates, at a meeting of the Medical Socioty of Victoria, that a child living at Fitzroy became most seriously indisposed through its use. In another case a lady states on the strength of statutory declaration that she suffered cruelly from the effects of the same concoction. To guard he high reputation of our manufacture w« eel warranted m expo ing the above facts, and desires the public to exercise care and precaution when buying, SANDER and SONS (Adyt) 7

Public Service Reduc- tions.

[PER PllKsS AHSOICATIOSr.]

Wellington, March 10. The following is a list of the reductions m the Public Works and Defence De partments, which were referred to a few days a«o : —Public Works Departmentl—.,1 — | Consulting Engineer, Mr Blackebt, four district engineers, eleven assistant engineers and draughtsmen, twenty in spectors and ten clerks, the permanent and temporary saving being £6000 a year ? Defence Department — Commander 4n chief, three commanders of districts (Wellington, New Plymouth, and Auck land), several captain? of the Permanent Militia, storekeepers, and others, theaaving being £3000 a year. In addition to this another £1200 will be saved m connection with defence works. Hitherto when defence works have been done, any prisoners have been charged to the gaols. This will be abolished. The total saving m defence is £15,000. Police Department —Inspector J. B. Thompson, Moore, R. Thompson, W, A. Riley, S. E. Goodall are to be re tired, ftlsjo Mr Fox, chief clerk. The saying m salaries wijl b,e $232^, travelling apcl Incidental expenses. £500,; total £2725. In the case of Mr Blackett he is I entitled to a pension of £SQQ a year, and $5 Consulting Engineer draws £400 more.! "II his seryfcetj arp \}o be retained thjs'will h^ve to be charged to the j4.gent-Gj-eiieral's Department. Tlje retiring allowances that will have to be paid to the above ofijcers is about one year's salary all F°wi .... . .,':.'

SPORTING.

WANGANUf AUTUMN MEETING.

[PER I'KESS ASSOCIATION.] Wanganui Racecourse, March 11. TJie weather m fine. The attendance is estimated at 2000, and increasing. Re sults are as follows ; — , I HuitnLß Rack, cf 100 sovx ;'2|- miles,— Sentinel, 9st 71b, 1; Monfcrose 11. 9.st 21b, 2; Myrtle, 9st, 3. Won easily by four lengths.' $eei> am\" Ooinqt; %IV. ' ! Time, 4}nin 35seps. Dividend, £8 lGs. Wanuanui Cup, of 500 soys ; 1-| miles. —Dndu, B.st 12], b, 1 ; Cynisca, Bst, 2 ; Weka, 7sb 21b, 3. Recluse Bst 21b, and Kiekie 7sfc, alsso stained. Won easily by two. lengths.

Supreme Court.

[PEB PIIESS ASSOCIATION.]

Auckland, March 10. Afc fche &upreme Court there are no less than 37 indictments^ of which; Hie larger proportion are for forgery and falso pretences. There aro two charges of criminal libel arising out of the dispute between a teacher and ehe school com mittee at Opotiki, one of wounding and two of rape. The' Ju.lge commented on the calendar as a melancholy record, showing that, notwithstanding this is the best season for employment, crime was evidently on the increase, the calendar boing composed almost entirely of serious 'offences. Oamaiut, March 10. At the Supreme Court criminal fittings, before Mr Justice Williams, there,was only one case for hearing—that of forgery against one Andrew Karl Semi). The jury brought m a true bill and accused pleaded guilty and was sentenced to two years im j prisonment m Dunedin gaol.

Wesleyan Conference.

(PKK PEESS ASSOCIATION.)

Auckland, March 10. j The second draft of stations for Canter-.' bury is as follows:- Ohristchurch (Dur ham Street)— Revs Morley, L. M. Isitt, and Knott (assistant to Morley) ; Syden liain —Luxford ; St. Albans—Baumber and Murray; Lyttelton- Tinsley; Springs ton~-Oarlick ; Leeston—Parsonson and T. Murray ; Kaiapoi—Bond ; Woodend— Standage ; Rangiora—Martin ; Timaru — Williams ; Wairnate—Sma'lley ; Temuka— Taylor ; Ash burton—Lawry and Gray. In this draft Rev Mr Buttle now at Ashburton is'placed at Gisborne.

The Largest Farm in the World.

In the extreme west corner of Louisiana lies the largest producing farm m the world. Measuring 100 miles north and south, and 25 miles east and west, it is owned and operated by a syndicate of northern capitalists. The 1,500,000 acres of the tract were purchased m 1883 from the State of Louisiana and from the United States Government. At that time it, was a vast grazing land for the cattle of the few dealers of the neighborhood, over 30,000.head of half-wild horses arid cattlo being thereon. Now this immense tract is divided into convenient pasture .stations, or ranches, existing every six miles, The fencing alone cost m the neighborhood of 50,0Q0dols. The land is best adapted for rice, sugar, corn, and cotton. All cultivating, ditching, etc., is doiib by steam power. A tract, say, half a mile wide, is taken, and an engine is placed on each side. The engines are portable, and operate a cable attached to four ploughs, and under this arrangement 30 acres a day are gone over with only the hbor of three men. Harrowing, plant-ing, and ofchor cultivation is done m a like manner. Th we is ' not a single draught horse on the entire place. Of courne horses are used for the herders of cattle, of which there are 16,000 head. The Southern Pacific Railway runs f0r,36 miles through the farm. The company have three steamboats operating on the waters of their estates, of which there are 300 miles navigable. They have also an ice-house, a bunk, a shipyard, and a rice mill.

Attempted Suicide of a Rothschild.

In the San Francisco mail hews the following item appeals :— ' ' The report of the attempted subicle of Gustavo Roths-, child reoontly his been confirmed.' He had, it seems, made the most careful ar rangements to end his life. His papers were put m order, with a careful inventory of his' property, and a schedule of his be quests made. His family were provided for and a letter was partly prepared ex plaining why lie no longer cared to face the world. He had made it known that he had lost £5,000,000 by speculating m London and m Colonel North's scheme, which had produced the usual embarrass ment, and which also would probably bring upon him the well-known ostracism that the Rothschilds mete out to any mem ber of the family whose acts tend to lower their credit or injure their social standing. He "wished to avoid the humiliation visited on his relatives m Paris who had been ' sat upon' ever since he accidentfy per mitted a note to go to protest m Naples. The letter, it seems, had been finished with the exception of the signature. He then told his valet to clear up his desk, then he sent for a cup of coffee and some cigarettes. When the valet returned noiselessly to the library he was horrified to find his master m the act of placing a revolver under his chin. In an instant the valet dashed forward and, knocked aside the weapon at the moment when Rothschild hearing him, decided to [pull the trigger. The servant then grappled with his employer until he got the pistol away, when he pulled the bell a number of times and alarmed the household. During the scuffle the pistol was twice dis charged, the second shot passmg through an oil portrait of Gustave's mother, The affair was .kept very quiet, both here and m Vienna; but as usual the details have leaked out through some of the unfortun ate geutleman's retainers.

New Zealand Alliance.

ANNUAL MEETING.

Auckland, March 9. At the New Zealand Alliance meeting to-day, Sir W. Fox was re-elected Presi dent. The report was read, by. Mr. Glover showing £ur p/ogre^s, and inentionuig the gqod work done by the second agent (Rev E, Walker), The aocounts showed a debit balance of £16 8s lOd. Statistics wore quoted showing a decrease m crime and drunkenness m the Colonies. A vote of thanks was passed to Mr J. Newma^ late secretary at Auckland, for his services to the Alliance and the cause of temperance. A resolution was passed protesting against the contraband sale of alcoholic liquor at Raratonga, andinstruct ing the executive to continue their efforts to prevent it. Another resolution strongly disapproving of the distillation of alcoholic spirits m New Zealand was passed. At a, public meeting to night m connec jtion with Alliance, a motion regretting the withdrawal of the, local option measure by the late Government; was passed, and the involutions passed by the Council regarding, 'the. safe of liquor at Raratonga distilling spirits m New Zealand were confirmed.

The Postal Conference.

[?w\ Y&m mwuw&si)

Tib i n ,8l?I)Nt5y« March 9. Ihe Postal Conference has received a reply from Sir J. Pender m connec tion with the amendments to the a«rf er n.e n- The Conference agreed with Sir J. Fender's views, except the c ause tVt no change m the rates should be made witho.^ the consent ot the contracting parties, which they | insisted on. It was decided tliat each colony should be represented at the Vienna Conference inits own way, The, Hon. Mr Ward (K.Z.) moved that the Oonterence approve the negotiation^ ;n,o,w urjderstodcl to be under the con side^onpf ifche' PaciUc RaiJway Cow,

pany for establishing a Canadian mail service. He urged that the Conference should countenance the efforts of Europe and Canada to, give the colonies j a fresh market for wool and general products. New Zealand would only support the proposal if the steamers touched at New Zealand ports. The representative of Queensland i seconded the motion. Victoria, Tas mania, and New South Wales opposed. Mr "Ward then withdrew it, stating he was satisfied with the expression of opinion elicited, and hoped the colonies who opposed would change their opinions within the year. Mr Ward requested New South Wales to recon sider their determination to withdraw the subsidy from the San Francisco service. He hoped that m view of the great advantages it would continue it. New Zealand" would be glad to co operate to a reasonable extent. The representative of New South Wales promised to consider the matter and consult his colleagues.

Elgin School.

At a meeting of the Elgin School Com mittee held lately all the members were present except Mr Hoatten (chairman). It was unanimously decided to vote for Messrs Montgomery, Wright and Walker, to fill the Vacancies on the Board of Education. The Inspector's report on the examination of the school was con sidered. It was as follows ;—•

Percentage of passes—2B '9. Percentage of failures—43's. , Marks Class Subjects. (0 to 100) Drawing 40 H^tory 30 Geography °" Elementary Science, Object Les sons, etc., ... ... 60 Total , 180 Percentage on class subjects—4s. " ' ~ ■■ Marks Additional Subjkcts. (0 to 20) Repetition and Recitation... ... 10 Drill and Exercises... ... ••• 13 Singing ... ... ••• * ••• noue Needlework H Subject Matter, Reading Lessons... 10 Extra Drawing •• — Additional marks 44

Elgin School, Examined November 25, 1890. Master—Mr Arthur Bramley, assisted by a first year pupil teacher. i Ages : S(>, 14 yeara 11 months ; S5, 12 years 6 months ; S4,l2years4 months; S3, 10 years 1.0 months ; 82, 9 years 9 months ; SI, 9 years 10 months. Remarks : The results of examination are unsatisfactory. In oral examination very poor, and indistinct answering make a severe trial of an examiner's patience, and m the papers I look m vain for compensating Eon& qualities. The written work contains but few traces of the excellence which marked the upper classes on the occasion of my last examination, and m view of .the teacher's undoubted abilities I can only conclude that little trouble has been.taken m preparing for the present test. W. J. Anderson, Inspector.

The Federal Convention

[PER PRESS ASSOCIATION,! Sydney, March 10. A number of congratulatory ad dresses from religious bodies and other institutions were presented when the Convention met this morning. Mr Dibbs (New South Wales) resumed the debate. He thought it would be better to first decide what the basis of federation should be before dealing with the question of State rights. The Senate must have large powers, and if federation was to be respected they must grant the States a fair represen tation m Parliament, otherwise federa tion would be a lamentable failure. Thebed rock of the unionmust be the fis cal policy, and this must be definitely de cided before federation could take place. He claimed that Victoria by her policy of protection had drawn the other colonies, with the exception of New South Wales, into a similar policy. The President of the Conference (Sir H. Parkes) must now be looked upon as the latest convert to protection, seeing that he was willing to sacrifice freetrade to the will of the Federal Parliament. Mr Dibbs denounced Victoria's desire for guarantees for vested interests. She must.be pre pared to make sacrifices similar to those of all the colonies. If they were to shave freetrade intercolonially they mus,t have it at qn.ee. New South Wajes, South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland would be the biggest victims, therefore Victoria iniist be prepared to meet these colonies m a liberal spirit. Federation, he hoped, would be the means of settling the difficult question ot the Murray river rights for ever. The attitude of N,sw Zealand meant that m the event of freetrade m Australia it would be im possible, m justice to these States, to permit New Zealand to participate m the advantages of free markets $ sjb,e stood out of federation, There, must : be no destruction of territorial rights except by. a twxx-thirds majority of the. people interested. He regarded th,e question of defence as m,ost dangerous. He. hoped; Sir G;.prey's words would be taken to Jiearfc by. the people. The, Government \yo.uld wajit n,q flvUiiJary forces, but should m^e e\'ery ac to repel iny*ysfan. from lOu t."" They VfWft asked, to -* orm a constitution \vafo* the Crown. He presumed it was intended to give the go-bye tp Imperial federation. The latter would not find favor with the people of Aus| tralia. They could not be federated Imperially any more strongly than they were to-day. He indignantly objected to cutting adrift from the Crown by abolishing the right of appeal to the Privy Council and con -1 ferring the right to an elective Go vernor-General. Sir «J, G,. Jjee, Steere (Western Aus tralij).sai^ tliaf unless his colony was , very exceptionally treated it would not, be able to, enter the federation at the present time if it was to be representect QA batS.is of populatiorij which was

very small. He considered m this I connection that the proposed equality ; of representation would bs inconsistent with the popular representation m the Lower House. He could not agree to give up the. whole of the Customs duties, which constituted half their present revenue. If they did it would be necessary to impose direct' taxation to meet their obligations, as one-half their imports came from the. other colonies, therefore, they should be recouped m some way for giving up the duties. He advocated the -con struction of a federal railway ,to Western Australia, the latter provid ing the land. Perth was as far dis tant from the next largest city as New Zealand. These difficulties were reasons for not joining almost as great as New Zealand's. He looked on the Senate as the best means of safe guarding the small colonies, and he would give it all the powers; of the Lower House except the right to amend money Bills and taxation. He believed m the retention of appeal to the Privy Council as the tie binding us to the mother country. He thought the convention should fix the capital, or at anyrate the place where the first Parliament was to meet. ; Dr. J. A. Cockburn (South Aus tralia), thought they should not trouble themselves with the question of separa tion, but trust to the evolution which had guided them so far. He drew a distinction between separation federa tion and unification federation. What they wanted must be a compromise between the two. He considered the very element of federation was rigi dity, therefore they could not retain the elasticity hitherto observable. Under Parliamentary sovereignty no Parliament could have the power of changing the constitution. "Under federation the power is split up be tween two Houses, instead of being vested m one authority. He ; would follow the Swiss course of electing Ministers by members of Parliament. They should endeavor as far as possible to give elasticity to the constitution, but the difficulty would be to re concile the rigidity required with the elasticity they" had been used to, and which was the cause of the past progress they were so proud of. He thought the Council on which the States were to be represented should be elected by the people. There -was no question of democracy m the matter, for it would be proved that the judg ment of the whole people was better than the judgment of a section of the Lower House. It should be renewed by degrees by the infusion of new blood yearly. With regard to uniform legis lation, must scope much be left to the 'several States. While not defending the Federal Council, he was compelled to the conclusion that if they took it as a. basis, gave it an Executive and power over defences, settled the fiscal question, and divided one Chamber into two, they should more rapidly reach satisfactory federation. Mr N. J. Brown (Tasmania) re gretted New Zealand was standing out. He thought the losses jwhich would arise from federation wojild be counter-balanced by the increased com mercial advantage of having! markets opened for the free interchange of com modities throughout Australia. He supported a fixing of time when the change of tariff should take place. He hoped, they would not separate from England, and thought the present form of Government more m accordance with the interests of* the people than any yet proposed. ;He did not think the Senate at all likely to act m a narrow minded manner. They should not lay down rigid rules, but make such a framework as they could take back to their several Parliaments with some hope of acceptance. • Mr H. J. Wrixon (Victoria) was not aware that Victoria desired to make a stipulation. Mr Deakin's \ suggestion of a guarantee applied to all, and not to Victoria alone.; Per sonally he thought no guarantee was necessary, seeing the colonies could re tain their tariffs till the Federal Par liament made the alteration. Vested interests would be amply conserved, as the people would be fully repre sented m the Federal Parliament, He suggested a small Committee should be appointed by the Convention to ,go into the fiscal question, and report what course they, thought best to take. He concurred m retaining the English system of government. It was. a serious proposition to give the Senate power over finance. One House or the other must elect the Government, and therefore must control finance. Handl ing over finance to, the Senate meant practically hfvnding over the Govern ment to that body. Such a scheme would be injurious, for any State with a population under a million could control States containing over two millions. If the Executive was. taken from both Houses, then they might divide the power; but if the English system was followed they could not give co-ordinate powers to both Hquaes. The greatest advantage of Federation would be the possession of owe judiciary. The constitution o| a.. Otrort of Appeal, however, wa^ wwfee. The retention of aprysai to the Privy Council tended, to uniformity of law throughout, the Empire. He believed tha,t ti»e fiscal and State—right difficulties would be found to be if they fixed their on. what was required, Mr J. Forrest (Western Australia), amplified the difficulties, set forth m the way of Western Australia, joining. By Federation, the C^canes would lope, the prestige of individuality, m arder thr,^ ooilwtively, they might (tourist When, they returned to their hotf&ea they were sure to be asked what would be gained by sinking their individuality. He would reply —We sltall be defended,, we shall have Fnsetrade and good laws. Western Australia might retort —How can Eastern Australia de fend us' We may have Free trad,e without Federation, and .we can make our own laws. He believed that the only security Western Australia would have\ is to make the Senate strong. He favored tha election of the Senate by thi Legislatures, otherwise they wbittld get two Chambers tog much alike. pHe failed to see liow^hl* power to, make or unmake, Ministries should be taken from the Lower House, md favored inhering to the present ?ons.titutional'pr;ir;.iee, He, concurred n the resolutions generally, ! Sydney, M».r C h 11.

for New Zealand, has had several interviews with the South Australian find Tasmaiiian Ministers relative to reciprocity m New Zealand natural | products. The ministers of both colonies favored a free interchange of products, and expressed a desire to see negotiations brought about between the respective Governments and con tinued by mo-ins of correspondence. Ihe prospects of reciprocity were also discussed with the Victorian Post master General but he said that his Government were unfavorable' to the proposal,, and he could'hold out no hope of reciprocity m natural products being-brought about between-Victoria and New Zealand: ! Dr Cockburn's speech yesterday was very cleverly thought out. Mr Dibbs was very much exercised over the question of the location, of the federal capital and the i&s& of de priving the crown of the right .of veto. He pitifully wanted to know m the event of the latter being done what would become of the crown forests. In his speech he did not mince" matters as to the position of Perth with regard to federation. Lady Jersey has, written a poem on the thenie " One people, one destiny." More than half of the delegates have now spoken.

TELEGRAPHIC.

HOME AND FOREIGN.

[PER I>KB3S ASSOCIATION.]

London, March 9. The enquiry into the death of R. L. Antrobus, junior partner m Couttsand Co.'s Bank, who was supposed to have committed suicide, resulted m a ver dict of accidental death. Mr Balfour's fund for the relief of Irish distress has reached £90,000. It has been ascertained that there is only £9000 to the credit of the Evicted Tenants' Fund m the hands of the Paris bankers, instead of j£30;000, as was supposed. Mr ParhelPs delegate left Queens town for America amid a storm of hisses. His supporters retaliated and a riot followed. The .Americans are said to be unlikely to help either paity. . .,,; Lord Knutsford declined to ratify the Newfoundland Convention and the Colonial Assembly has again urgod him to complete it. The man who broke the bank at Monte Carlo, afterwards lost his winnings and £15^000 m addition. The Australian cruisers sail m April. m , . London, March 10. Ihe betting on the University boat race is 3 to 2 against Oxford. The Manchester City Council re commends an advance of two and a half millions to complete .the ship canal. . ' ■_, 7T Washington, March 9. Ihe United States Government is exercising increased stringency with regard to the influx of Chinese from. Vancouver. ™ v . v Caibo, March 9.. Ihe Khedive has proclaimed, a general amnesty at Suakim. "Valparaiso, Maxeh 9. Hie rebels have inflicted* another defeat on the Government troops, and have captured the province, of Tara paka. Order has been restored at Iquique. T " Paris, March 9. m order to carry out the determina tion of the Government to suppress all bettmg hundreds of poft» were present at Antenimo races, but no bookmaker attended, and &erythin X passed oft quietly. .\ J o- t i ■%€ ttawa, March J>. Sir John MacDonaM h^ pro^J^ to co-operate m the fetation. o f t Irade League for the Empire The Canadian Cabinet," has tm pointed Messrs Tapper and x Thom£ son delegates to visit Washington aid discuss reciprocity, ;

INTERPROVINCIAL.

Dunedix, March Mt An open air fete, m aid of the Kaka*u£ fund;<cAmu off this evening, wheto the? e was a large attendance. , The Chines* residents gave a display of fireworks. Only one event had been got off when nil alarm of fire was given. This fe»used the fire brigades and the people to leave rapidly. The fire, proved to be one of the most extensive m Dunedin for some tinie.pafck It started an r of Brawn, a furniture dealer m Gnrga Street, and spread to Sutton's jgruoeiy store, Bull, fruiterer, and Brown, con fectioner. These were completely gutted. The brigade at, 11 o'clock appeared Ut [have obtained mastery of the. flames. i Bull's shop is owned by Mr Pryor, and is insured for. £1000 m the Victoria office, fche stock £1000 and the furniture for £100* m the New Zealand office; loss probably £2oom all. Button's shop is owned, by , Mrs Herein, insured for £1000 m &>uth British, and stock for £2000.in Gustdian ; all is damaged. Brown's shop was owned by the Equitable Investment Company, und is insured for £1000 m South British. The stock ..is inaured ,for £750 m the New Zealand, and £750 m the South British. The stock is a ttfal loss. Wilson's i&op is owned by Mr Ross, architect, and is insured for £1000. There is no insurance on tho. stock; most of which was saved.

POLITICAL NOTES

(PKK PKESS ASSOCIATION.)

1 rp, \ , .WELLINGTON. .M*^ 10. ihe Commissioner'of Police'has pre pared .1 scheme foe grafting a super annuahon allowance to Members of the police force, which is t;j be mibmitted to the approval of Ministers. Timaku, March 10. Hon. MrMcKenzie, Minister of Lands, is expected to, visit Timaru agairithis week, and a denukation will wait on him respect ing tho, extension cf the village settlement system m South, Canterbury. : Mr Mc~ Kenzie will very likely visit the settle ment at Beaconsfield, and be taken over the Levels Estate. .^Enquiries are also to be, made for the purpose of ascertaining if thiire is any suitable land m the district: which can he purchased under Mr McKensue's proposed Bill for village settlement purposes.

JACK SPARROW.

■ -The. American correspondent of the Sydney " Morning Herald " writes -—An exhaustive book of more th»r. 400 pa«cs has ,ust been iaaued by tKe eoverhment°oft the fcnghsh sparrdw. It consists of a. series of essays by various distinguished American na^uiste on the incurable de* pmyity and Vickedriess of this wrotchec) narsh-Yo;,. C ed, destructive little pest. The "*» attempts to acclimatise him failed and from 1552 to 1881 there were suc cessive importations of ■ about 2000 spar rows, one large consignment baring been, brought hero at the instance of Henry

THT^ ASHBURTON GUARDIAN WEDNESDAY. MABCH U, 1891



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WASHING Derby Ties 6d each, six for 2s 6d. Increasing demancl for these at the New Zealand Clothing Factory. BOYS' School Suits, well fitting, durable, and moderate m price at the New Zealand Clothino Pactouy. AGENTS for the Wonderful New High Arm " Wnrtheim ' Sewing Machines. Latest improvements, new appliances, noiseless motion, increased advantages. ALL who have used the " Wertheim' New High Arm sewing machine, proclaim it to be the most perfect sewing machine yet produced. Inspection invitad. '\T B W ZEALAND CLOTHING iM FACTOB V, the leading Hat, Cap, an I Clothing Manufacturers, EAST STREET, ASHBUBTON Age'itffoi' the Wonderful 'Vertheim Sewing jMnchine W, H. WEBBER, Manager, j



Wanteu CASH Advertisements under this heading not exceeding SIXTEEN WORDS 1/-. Addresses may be left at this OfP«« A CCORDEONS, Piccolos, Flutes, Xjl. Fifes, Flageolets and large assort ment of Music.—H. M. Jokes. "ANTED a Nurse Girl about 12 or 13 years of age. Apply, W. U. Davis 3 71 WANTED to take m plain sewing and machine stitching, For address apply by letter, A.8., "Mail" Office. 3 50 WANTED Known.—Mrs J. Buch anan has opened as Fruiterer and Confectioner, next Messrs John Orr and Co., East Street. fT IRY the Great Drapery Sale now on _1_ at H. C. Segers. WANTED Known.—Mrs J. Buch anan, Fruiterer and Confectioner. Tea and coffee at all hours ; hot luncheon on Saturdays, 12 to 2. Next Messrs J. Orr and Go's, East Street. "PRESENTS. —All holders of Tickets X will oblige by bringing them mas soon as possible. - H. C. Seoers, Melford House. /POOLING and invigorating Ice Cream \J »s made by H. G. Flower, Con fectioner, East Street. i WANTED Known—Some special W lines m choice Dress Goods at very low prices showing at " The Corner." WANTED Known—The "Strong wear" Boot is the best for Metis Unites and Children.—W. H. Collier. WANTED every man m the County to have a suit of the Ashburton Tweeds.—Robert Alcorn, Ashburton Clothing Mart, Saunder's Buildings. i^EGERS' Clearing Sale m all Depart C"** merits now on. One trial solicited. - Melford House. GLASS, Earthenware, and China, direct from the Manufacturers, — Robert Aloorn, Tea Warehouse and Ashburton Clothing Mart, Saunders' Buildings. i 1/ANTED Known—The Cheapest »■'» Shop to buy Tinware and Gal vanised Iron goods m Ashburton, is at W. F. Hannaford's, Burnett Street. A arge stock kept on hand. Tin aiid Iror. ware goods made and repaired with des patch. "VTOW ON —At Stationers', Hall, _1_ * Great Sale of Surplus Stock of Books, Stationery, Fancy Goods' Music, etc. Great reductions for cash, for one month only. Hundreds of books at less than English price. At L. F. Andreweb & Co.'s, Stationers Hall. /"I ENTLTSMEN requiring the very yjt latest f»«hion m FLEXIBLE HATS (all colors) wi|l find a choice stoci *t the New Zealand Clothi^ Factory. W*~ HITK and Fancy Scarfs, White and Btripsd Vests,, Tennis Shirts, bu^oned ««d laced fronts, all .colors, at' t ] ie 2* EW ' Zealand Ofc,oTm&» Factory. QUMMERMerin" ««* f aUsse Me»n« i) Undershirts, wii£ <* shol*, sleeves, at the New Zealai^ MOTBfKO < Factory. I



THE COMMERCIAL UNION ASSUR ANCE COMPANY, (Limited) Established 1861. -nootporatecl under Act of Parliament;, 7 and 8 Vie, Cap. 110. Head Office : 19 and 20 Cornhill, London Capital fully MiWibed ... £2,500,000 Total luvos ed Funds ... 2,351,707 Total Annual Nefct Incomo... 1,132,239 HEAD OFFICE ior NEW ZEALAND : Lamhton Quay, Wellington. "With Local BoardH of Advice m Australia and New Zealand. General Manager for New Zealand : FRANK ALLEN, J P. Every description, of Fire nd Marine nsurance effected at JjOWi:STCUKLIEiS TT EATES CUFF & GRAHAM, for Canterbury, Christchuivh Awtcsts nan. ksiiQvivros FKIEDLANDER 00b i



Public Notices, THE NEW ZEALAND SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTST TO ANIMALS. A Public Meeting will be held m the Council Chambers, Ashburton, (By kind permission) TO-MORROW, llth inst., at 8 o'clock. His Worship the Mayor will preside. Business : To arrange for the establish ment of » local branch of the Association m Ashburton. 57 MURPHY, g6g Secretary, j WTWTipenceFSC^ EXTENSION OF vr, tr. »i»Ei¥<;i:it * c©'« Great Clearing Sale. Being heavily overstocked, and m order to make room for • shipment of Goods which we have landing from Home m about a fortnight, we have made Greater Reductions than ever. All Wool, colonial flannel, 10.W, 4-ply fingering wool, all colors, Is lid; Calicos 2s 3d the doz; Dress Goods Ud ; Washing Prints, 2-id, 3td, and 4-Jd ; Washing Muslin -- 2s lid the doa ; Towels, 3|d p iH each ; a very large Towel 9|d, [J Onow 6W ; very good Ticking, m 6d: double width Sheeting, f] <J 7id; heavy white Linen Twill H D Sheeting, ll|d ; heavy cotton Shirting, si-d; Cretonnes, 4|d ; l X Men's woollen Sox, 1 IJd; Boys' . Braces, 4d ; Men's Braces, 8d; M <l Men's Regatta Shirts, *2s lid ; <y Men's good Tweed Suits. 22s Q H6d j Boys' Tweea Suits from k 4s lid ; M«n'a colored Moles r H 7s 6d, now 5s lid ; Boys' do. n ,X 2s lid. BOOTS. BOOTS. fr Men's Bluchers, fis 6d ; Men's \Jj colonial made Shooters, 9s lid; Boys' strong Boots very cheap. Women's strong Elastics, 6s 9d; Giris' and Maids' Kid Elastic Sides and Button Boots 2s lid. 3s lid, and 4s 6d at W. W. BJPEXCKM * C«'s THE ARCADE. N.B.—We have this day purchased a Traveller's Set of Samples at a discount of 50 per" cent. If you want a real bargain now is your chance.' " The Arcade. THE (OLOMAL WMM mm\ of new mill (FIRE AND MARINE) TPHE Business of this Company has f been TRANSFERRED to the OOMMFRCIAL UNION ASSURANCE COMPANY, Limited, of London, by whom, through the various Branches and Agencies m New Zealand, all accounts owing to and by and all losses under the Colonial Insurance Company's policies will be settled m future. F. ALLEN, ; General Manager. Wellington, New Zealand, December llth, 1890.



Water Race Obstruction. The following is the " sheet" of cases of water race obstruction or waste for the Ashburton-Rangitata water supply district, prepaied by Ranger Craighead, and hid upon the table at last County Council meeting. It was to this sheet that reference was ho frequently made during the discussion'on the water supply motions : — Occupier. Owner. R..S. Race. Date. Extent of Waste, &c. Mr Harper Mr Harper 33060 Po...Jan. s...Waste slight, nice contracted and overgrown with weeds m places. Reported to Engineer. Race has bten partly cleaned. Mr Harper Mr Harper. 27046N ..Jan. 6...Large amount of waste, race partly blocked with straw, contracted, and overgrown with weeds. Re ported to Engineer. Block re moved by ranger. MrHarptr Government 33093 O ..Jan. 7...Wivste slight, race contracted aud (Engineer remarks on above three cases:—Wrote to overgrown with weeds m places 1; 1" Mr Harper. Leakages stopped, but cleaning not Race partly cleaned, overflow completed nor races made to full width.j stopped by ranger. Mr M'Lean Mr M'Lean 6431 On...Jan. 9...Waste enough to till a two-inch pige (Engineer's note—Some one cut the race and Race appeared to have been cut, let water down back of fence. Ranger at allowing the water to run to the j once put right.) boundary road. ' 2847*> /Waste slight, m a few places race Mr Harper 28476 Q...Jan. 161 contracted, and overgrown with 31993 \ weeds m places. Obstruction re (Engineer's note same as to first three.) \' moved by ranger. MrM'Kenzie...MrM'Kenzi«... 20233 Q...Jan. 16...Dead sheep m race. Race tampered (Engineer's note —A casual obstruction only.) with, short length of new race having been cut. —Obstruction re moved by ranger. Mr Lloyd Mr Lloyd 20671 O...Jan. 30 ..Waste slight, caused by race having (Reported on last meeting.) been overgrown with weeds. Ford, Winslow-Rangrtata r0ad...., P Waste slight, race below overgrown. The race was cleared at once. Government. ... R ...Feb. 2...Large amount of waste, caused by the race being partly blocked with weeds.—Blockage removed by ranger. Mr Harper. 33070 R.. .Feb. 2.. .Waste slight, race contracted and (Engineer's note—See above.) overgrown with weeds m places. Government R ...Feb. 2...Waste slight, race overgrown with weeds. —Race cleaned since. Baxter Bros....Baxter Bros T ...Feb. 18...Largs amount of waste, race con tracted and overgrown with weeds (Engineer wrote to owners to Southbridge) Notice left to stsp overflow and clean race. Mr Tajlor. Mr Taylor 31600-1 T ...Feb. 18...Waste slight, race overgrown with weeds m places. Owner has re ceived notice, ranger will inspect . m a few days. Mr Harper ....33070 R ...Feb. 19...Reported to Engineer. (Engineer's note—See above, Jan 5.) Mr Studholme.Mr Studholme. 30758 P...Feb. 26...AH the water running to waste, (Engineer's note—This was a temporary\ having been turned off by a man stoppage, but done without authority. ) cleaniug the race. MrChisnall..... ..28187 P...Feb. 26...Waste very slight, race partly overgrown with weeds. (1) Mr Roberts Res. 2778 O ...Feb. 20...Waste slight, race overgrown with weeds m places. (2) (Engineer's notes—(l) This was so slight as to be] hardly noticeable. (2) Ranger put to rights J when passing.) J