The Ashburton Guardian. Magna est Veritas et Prævalebit. WEDNESDAY, JUNE 18, 1890. STATE LABOR REFERENDUM.

' In Monday's issue of the "Guardian," when referring to the " complete boy cott " Jby, the Trades Unions-to bring the Shag Point Coal mine dispute to an end, we called attention to the urgent necessity for State interference in.'similar disputes. Under the "com plete boycott" system labor enters upon* open :revolt, not only against masters who infringe upon its rights, but against-all who, mi the ordinary, course of trade, carry the manufac-l turer's goods, or'in any way assist him,' as hitherto, to conduct his business.' This intention was made manifestly cleai", in the case of the Sb^ag Point, coal strike,, by the orders issued from' the Maritime .Council to members of affiliated Unions not to handle any description, off goods belonging,,to the proprietors, and! also by the notification^ sent to the Union'Steamship'Company that the Searden's Union would strikb if the Company undertook .to 'convey the goods of the offending, masters, to market. This system' of boycotting was rendered doubly sure, by send-; ing circulars to fellow-unionists in. the other colonies to apt similarly, and the machinery for a gigantic Austral lasian strike was otherwise so ordered that a certain victory for labor could not fail to results "As we have already! pointed, out, the .merits or..demerits, of the dispute which caused this threaten-, ing attitude pf the Unionists'sinks^into insignificance: beside : the . disasters likely to occur, to' the general public through the blocking of shipping, and the paralysing of trade, consequent) upon' the efforts made by \ Traded Unionists to bring unreasonable -mas ters to a reasonable frame of mind. At present labor cannot help itself effec tually "without 'using strong measures, and there, are cases—arid the strike just ended was one.-,of these—where the,end fully justifies the means. It is, however, necessary ,that, strong measures like the .'.' complete boycott" shall only be. resorted to in the m6st extreme cases. But it would be in* finitely better if some arrangement could be devised whereby, when arbit^ ration and all peaceable efforts have failed between masters and men, the State shall step in and claim the right to give a,final decision upon the merits of the subject in dispute. The com petition of capital with capital has brought about a state of society where labor has been compelled to take up a, distinctly antagonistic position, and, unless prompt and conciliatory mea sures are adopted by the State to re duce the friction any moment may witness a violent upheaval o£ society, If such a violent upheaval of the social fabric occurs in this enlightened age, a grave charge will lie at the dQor of the various representative Govern ments that they are not fulfilling their functions. The State has already stepped in where labor and capital have heen in conflict, but it has only been with a few 'harmless' factory acts, and occasionally with a posse of police or Roldiery for the purpose of preserving orxleil, The., tiino has now, howevor, arrived when the State, in the interests of all concerned, must exercise a judicial function where there is a danger of the whole community being injured through the quarrel of a handful of capitalists with a handful of laborers. We can- &&e no more effectual way for, the State to exercise this imperative function than by the establishment of a permanent and impartial Commis sion, to whom all. labor and capital disputes, where a principle is involved, shall be referred. The; Commission thus appointed would be invested with judicial functions, and Wc fy wise coming before it could be decided upon its own merits. That the decisions of a State referendum of this character would he respected alike by labor and capital is certain j in fact, the evidence, submitted to the late New Zealand Sweating Commission by masters and employees alike may be taken as an indication that both parties look to the State for the development of some schenio YrJfich. will bring about less strained relations between the con flicting interests. So far as New Zea land is concerned, the evils of a gigantic labor strike,, and,. the conse quent paralyising of trade, have never been felt; but the extensive labor organisation which has taken place during the past few months renders such a contingency unpleasantly near, and it behoves our legislators to prove themselves equflj to the requirements of tad age by s0 ordering affairs that the constantly recurring differences between capital and capital, and capital and lab'or| shall be settled peaceably, and not with strife. Labor is anxious for State interference of the kind indicated, and so also is capital; and it only remains for the State to act. A condition of society siwl) fts that loom ing in the immediate future P? strikes, lock-outs, and trades arid labor boy cotts, demands the earnest attention of every man who wishes to serve his day and generation, and we would Strongly recommend the' New Zealand Pai'lia* ment to take the question up without delay.

LOCAL AND GENERAL.

The "Illustrated Sydney News " for June is quite up to its usual standard of excel lence. Flemington Dairy Factory cheese during the past season realised the satisfactory figure of 54s per cwt. Cattle are now at a discount in Auckland market, and the last shipment was disposed of at a loss—atjleast, so it is reported. The New Zealand Financial Reform Association (Auckland) is extending its membership to country diskless, The hotel keepers of Auckland are a^it^jtt ing for the amalgamation of the four licensing wards in that city. The Otago Sunday.Schools Union repre sents 37 schools, t?7 teachers, and 6907 scholars. • " • ' . MrJ. C. Anderson, M.H.R.* for Brace, has. intimated his intention not to come forward again for election. A man named Henry ClaTkson,'of Christ church, has been arrested for refusing to contribute towards the support of his aged mother. Gabriel Read, after • whpro.Gabi-isj|& £u% is named to mark his discovery of gold jn that place, is now in a private asylum in Tasmania, '

The "North Canterbury Times" has changed its name, and now appears as the "Trades and Labor Chronicle," and the editor looks hopefully forward to the time when the "Chronicle" will become the leading newspaper in New Zealand. Now that Mr Bellamy has made 10,000 dollars by " Looking Backward," he can look forward without any pecuniary appre hensions. By the way, the " Hartford Post" reminds' us that Lot's wife was not so fortunate as Mr Bellamy, for she only earned her salt by looking backward. ■ 'It ir strongly rumored-that Lord Onslow, will return to London early next year. It ifli most probable that he will then .resign his position.' He "fears that he is not popular with the people,.and it is said he has taken a violent dislike to the colony.—" Westport Times." There is an ingenious young doctor in a coal district not a hundred miles from,Glas gow-who lias a large, speaking tube from his front door to the side of bis bed. Before retiring to .rest he , places assorted varieties of .pills, close at hand, and when rung up at night by an* inconsiderate patient'he con verses wdth him about his, symptoms through the tube,.,andJ,after -making a sleepy diagr. nos'is of the case/ rolls" two pills, down the tube into the expectant mouth at' the other end, then slumbers peacefully once more. '.' Tile ''Woodville Fxamkrierl" says :—The' Minister of Lands has at length swallowed the leek in,regard to itheißank's,Peninsula Special Settlement Association, and the young men who applied are to have the land. The Minister opened it for settle ment at a, high price as. unsurveyed land, and as he got only, three applications for it, We suppose he thinks the next best thing is •to^etthft-Association hayeit. Mr Beetham, M.HiR.,^ has been very .active in endeavoufr ihg to get" the 1 land 1 for the Association, arid we a^e glad to see his efforts have been successful. The price, however, is too high, and will have to be reduced. .   The Wagga (New Souih Wales) Board of Sheep Directors have decided to ask the three members for the district to request .the Government to take immediate steps to have M. Pasteur's vacbine for anthrax'iritroduced before the season is too far advanced. On one station near. Wagga a number of. sheep treated with vaccine in September,' 1888, have ever since remained free from any, disease, though on the same property^ fully; 3 per cent of the stock are dead. It is ■ !>i'.r, 1 by romprtrnt persons that the vaccine <\>..i-i 'w i:ii!-o i-ivi i into the colony with great success, and great "benefit result there from. The quarterly estimate of the popnlation of Victoria has been issued by Mr H. H. Hayter, Government Statist. During the quarter ending March 31, it is seen that Victoria is not suffering from any such Governmental blight as New Zealand suffers' from. The population is increasing and not decreasing. During this quarter there were 8792 births, and 5372 deaths, leaving atoet gain on this head of 3420. The arrivals by sea numbered 28,816, while.,the departures were 23,092, leaving a- gain on this' score of 5724. Mr Hayter makeß allowances for departure*!,' which he estimates at 1979, leaving a net excess of arrivals over depar tures during the quarter, :0£,3745.,- The estimated population of Victoria on the 31st March last was 1,125,193. • -, ■r . • In the South of France they make a very peculiar love charm in a very peculiar way.- Under certain ceremonies $he youug -wbmafrv catches and boxes vp 1 a frog in- a box with' a lot of little hole? bored .in the wood.. The, casket is then buried in. an ant-hill for two weeks. The ants, of courge, oatch the prisoner "and eat up all the flesh, and all that [s left is the creature's bones. Amoug Uiese is a shield-shaped bone about as large as one's thumb nail, upon one end of which is a little hook. The girl takes this bone, and has it blessed surreptitiously by the priest without his knowledge—that is, she exposes it cVuring the benediction at the mass —and then she hooks it on the clothing of her sweetheart that is to be. The charm, when properly prepared with all due cere mony and-care, has never been known to fail. It is not safe to play practical jokes in Hungary. A young Magyar noble, who, chanced to have in his employment a re markably handsome Valet, recently sent him to a public ball Instead of going himself. The valet played his part to perfection ; he dances beautifully, has most distingue man ners, and was of course most elegantly attired. Under the impression that he was some noble from a distant country, the prottiesfc women in the room lavished upon him their sweetest smiles'. A'few days later, however, the truth oozed out, and the '• Magyar noble received challenges from the husbands, fathers, ox brothers of half the ! laclieg who. had been at the. ball. Some doizen j duels have already been fought,, and there is no limit to the number that will follow— in fact, it seems that the death.,of the offender is the only, thine that can put an end to the fighting.' Wo are promised a concert of an exceed ingly high order on-Thursday, the 26th" inst." From an advance copy of the programme Aye learn that th.o performers will comprise the well-known Mr R. Wood, of Timaru, whose ability as a violinist needs nq^commenda tiori; his son, Mr .Charles Wood, a rising' vjoja . player; Mr Ellis Wood, 1' a recent arrival from the old country, where he made a high reputation as-a;'cello ■player;. Mr Henry, contrabass, a son .of Mr Ellis Wood; Miss Bessie Simmons, our local violinist; Miss Wood, soprano ; Miss Lack, the popular lady violinist; pianist, and- vocalist, of Dunedin and Timaru ; and Messrs Mllsom and Flower,, our own (local;tenors. The programme will consist of violin work, in solo, duet, quartet, and quintet, the latter a feature of special excellence with the party ;'. ancl'vooal numbers by Jfrisftes Wqod anicr Lack and Messrs Milsom anil -Flower. It is to be hoped that lovers of really good music will support' Mr Wood iii -• this his initial effort to cater for • the Ashburtoh public. ' , - , ; , ' ■■.' > \ We clip the following important testimo nial from the Illawarra Mercury " (N. S. W.) of the 30th March. It needs no comment • — *-Mr John Loveday, of the Bulli Mountain, writes to us that after suffering for four.years with acute gravel, he lias experienced almost complete relief.by using Sander and Sons' Eucalyptic Extract. ■He says:—'' Seeing the said Extract advertised in the ' Illawarra' Mevcury,' his intense suffering, induoed Mmx to obtain a bottle of the medicine efrom Mr Hoskiug, ohemist, of fchis town, and that the use of it gave him great relief at once. He states that between 10th March inst., when he obtained the'first bottle of the extract, and the 19th, the use of, that medicine continued to afford him relief, to which he had been a stranger for four years. Mr Loveday writes also that he has found the Eucalypti Extract a cure for rheumatism iys well as gravel. He requests us to publish this information, through the' Mercury.' We have much pleasure in complying with Mr Loveday's request, whose wqrd cannot be doubted, and who can have no object in view Other than,a pure,desire to benefit suffering humanity. "^(Advt,) ' ' " ' ' 2 •It will be in the recollection of the public that my collection of apples shown in Mr (ylayton's shop in East street, being sixty-six vftfipfies, and also those which took two first awards at t]ie Diuiedin Exhibition and various other places, was pronounced to be the largest and best ever shown in the Ash burton county. I would draw theii atten tion my advertisement elsewhere, As only work on blight-proof stocks than which k$ other stocks can be relied upon, the rootsof my apple trees do not require to be washed, before sending out. James Porter, nursery,, man, Allenton.—(Advt.)

The Outbreak of Cholera

[PER PRJB3S ASSOCIATION.]

Madrid, June 16. Ninety deaths from cholera are re ported-already. •< There are symptoms .that the cholera is of the dreaded-Asiatic type?' ■r ;':

THE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND.

[per press association]

; ■ 'fjomw. June 16. ■ The "Standard" states that the New Zealand Government, will assist the Sank of New Zealand to weather its difficulties,' and that it is probable the unproductive assets will be transferred to a Company strong enough to hold and nurse them. j|

TELEGRAPHIC

HOME AND FOREIGN.

[PEU PRESS ASSOCIATION.]

London, June 16 and 17. It is stated that Mr Matthews, the Home Secretary, is about to resign. Mr Jackson has replied to Sir A. Blythe, promising to arrange an inter view between Mr Goschen and the Agents-General with,. regard t to. .cable matters. \  * ' ,'v >'.'/,'?* ,r The Prince of opposes the idea of holding an international exhibition ,in London, and the project will pro J bably be abandoned. ! . The Government-has .'accepted Mr Heneage's amendment declaring that the payment of compensation shall not create vested interest .in licenses. ' - The s.s. Duke .'of' Buckingham has p,rriv£dj all well,,at: S^" Vincent. 'The refrigerators have worked' well, ' and the frozen meat is in good condition.' [ In the House of Commons, Mr Dillon asked that; the practice of " shadowing " might be put a stop to. Mr Balfour said !it 'would be done provided he promised to abstain from intimidation. Mr Dillon said it was a brutal outrage, and if bloodshed occurred he would not be responsible: Mr Balfpur retorted that it would be swell if Mr Parriell did. jaot repeat the crimei upon* Which a stormy scene .ensued. Eventually Mr Balfour witbr drew the word " crime," and suth stituted .''boycotting and intimidation.". 'Messrs Dillon, O'Brien, and John Redmond go, on a tour through America id August. / > \ Berlin, June 17. ;  Princess Victoria of Prussia is be^ {fbthed'td Prince Adolphe, son of the Prince of Schaumbourg-Lippe. •! <.'■ * i ' > St Petersburg, June 17. j It is reported that the Nihilists have undermined the palace at Gatschina, ; Numerous arrests have been made. ';. •

AUSTRALIAN.

[per press.association.]

AdeTjAide,' June 17. ; -•• The You Yangs' missing boat has arrived safely. \

The Labor Troubles.

[per press association.]

London, June 16. ; The Dock Company, ihave yielded, and the men resume work. ■> It is feared that-.the • dispute with the postmen will delay the delivery of the Australian mail.  . ; '' j • ' "\ ? ' Timartj,. June 17. ' •■ A branch 1 of the Postal-Telegraph 4 Offi« cers' Society has been formed here. A meeting of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners was held at the Wellington Hotel, Christchurch, laßt evening. It was decided to convene a general meeting of those engaged in the building trade for next Wednesnay evening in the Oddfellows' Chambers, to consider the best means for improving their position. A Committee was formed, to carry oufc the arrangements, and the meeting terminated.

INTERPROVINCIAL.

[PER PBESS ASSOCIATION.] Auckland, June 17.

An. opera has been composed by M. Leon Caron, at present in Auckland, and the work is shortly to be produced in Mel bourne. • The Mount Boskill Road Boards hava written' to ' the Auckland Hospital and Charitable Aid Board stating that owing to a clerical error of £10,000 in the Govern ment valuation list for that district, their contribution for charitable aid will be £40 per year less than they are paying. The letter is to be sent^to Government. : The Piako County Council ha^e decided to* protest 'against the introduction of [ stoats and weasels into the colony. A block of 801b of silver ore has been sent from Puhipuhi to be shown at the London Mining and Metallurgical Exhibi tion in July next. | The bones recently found on the beach near.'Helensville are belieyed to be,those of .a man named Charles H. Smith. 1 A petition was before the Court to-day for £he Wdjbinistration of the estate of the late Mr John Sheenari, M.H.R., by the , Official Assignee in Bankruptcy, but it was. dismissed. . '''J >'. i It is reported that another find of rich auriferous pre,> yielding 68oz gold and 30oz of silver to the ton, has been made at Puhipuhi, \ ' The blind, fund collected by. Mr Abbot now totals£977.' '. '",.",,, , ..'.,' ; ". ',' The S'jiloft>>'TToTr>e authorities . propose to I,ii:!ii 'i iiiisfi"ii !i ill at a cost of £1000,, 'owiiij !<■ i'\i> siv'Cj--iiiy for increased ac commodation. News was received in the city to-day j that Herbert M, Jackson, a settler in. the Mahurangi district, had been killed by a, shot from a gun. No particulars are to .hand,, but it is supposed that Jackson, who'was'a keen sportsman, had gone out shooting, and was accidentally killed. :. t / ) ''' .'Napier, June 17. In giving judgment in the property tax case, heard, yesterday, the Resident Magis trate held that Murray, Roberts and Co. must pay the tax on the sum of £25,000, in dispute under section 17, sub section 3, as the liability of the firm to the Bank was only contingent on their drafts being discharged, and they could not have-been sued for the amount on the Ist of October, 1888. . : Wellington, June 17. At a largely attended meeting of the \ Committee of the Wellington Agricul ; tural and Pastoral Association to-day, the I annual show was fixed for 23rd and 24Lh October, The, prjze: ; money has been in creased to £500j exclusive,, of special prices. | The Native Department have received a telegram from Mr Bishop, R.M. at Ho kianga, stating there, are two or three cases of some loathsome disease among the Maoris at Herekino, but whether it is leprosy he cannot say. '; ■ Dunedin, June 17. . At the adjourned meeting of those in favor of forming a new Musical Society the constitution was adopted and office bearers appointed, Mr John Roberts being appointed President and Mr Towsey Con ductor. There are already over 100 members, and practice is to be commenced in a frrnight.,-. .; , . Reefton, June 2. A largely attended' public meeting, called by requisition, and ..presided over by the County Chairman, was held on Monday evening, to take steps to prevent auriferous lands falling into the hands of ,the Midland. Railway Company. It was said that, despite the assurance of the Minister of Mines to the contrary, the Company were lotting-lai\ds without the Council being previously apprised. ' A series of strong resolutions was passed, (q be forwarded to the Government. Tha co-operation of the Whole West Goast is to be invited in the matter. ■

Mr'"Williams, 'late of' the Fisk Jubile Singers, and now a barrister, is choirmaster in' the Terrace Congregational "Church, Wellington.

MORNING GLORIES.

She took no "gold or precious store Into that far-off land ; Only some morning-glory seeds I shut within her hand. I thought the spirit of the flowers Somehow with hers might rise, And quicken into life and bloom In soil of Paradise. * -It seemed so far for her to go Alone to that strange place, Where everything was great and grand, With no familiar face. But if she had these blossoms there She'd feel at home, I knew, For round our door they always hung Their bells of pink and blue. , She loved them so—they were the first We planted when she came, A girlish bride, to share my home, My hearth, my heart,',my name. And always.when I came she stood ... To meet me at the door, Where, morning glories, twined, and * threw,,. ' .- . Light shadows on the floor. t , , ' , ' . A " The angels ' through these trumpets ..... XbrighJ, ..'.■ Some message sweet may speak, She used to say, and held them: up  To brow and lip and cheek. I smiled at her' quaint fancy then, ; , .' ,But now,'.when comes a stir Among the leaves, my heart grows still To hear some word from her ';•' For yonder, where the east is bright. -With morning-glories fair, I know my darling waits for me 1. Upon the threshold there.

A Gisborne Editor in Trouble.

The editor of.the "Gisborne Standard", is said ,to be in extremis just now. At the funeral of the late Owen McGrath, on Sunday, a woman, who was fired from the effects of the rosy cup that does more than cheer, behaved herself at the grave in a way that was. extremely painful to beholders, and must have been bitterly so to the deceased's relatives. She wanted the loan of a second spade, and inquired as to what the jnourners would do in case the deceased To'se'up them In the flesh, while among other' unpleasant-rem arks she suggested that the deceased was more happy there than he would' be if he were living. The woman's appearance and conduct made her the most pitiable object ever beheld. A paragraph on the subject appeared in the "Standard" stating that it would be preferable to draw the curtain over such a scene were it not that the attention of the police should be directed to the matter with the object of discovering how the woman'got into such a state on a Sunday, and to punish the publican T who served herewith liquor. When she came into town on the following afternoonj she armed herself with a veritable Sarah Gamp, and after enjoyably supping an inspiriting fluid which shall be nameless, she marched to the "Standard" office vowing , dire vengeance, among the effects of which black eyes and other disfigurements were to be included. The editor is said to have disappeared by an exit known only to the initiated, and the fail* Amazon—a mus culrtr one by the way—was left • sole monarch of the sanctum for about fifteen minutes, when the woman's husband got her to depart on the understanding that she was to pay a visit on some future occasion. A funloving public are now impatiently' awaiting further develop ments. <

A Divided Cabinet.

■ The '' Rangitikei Advocate," which is in a position to know what it is writing about, in its issue of the JQth inst, just 'prior to Mr G. F. Richardson's deliver ance at Wyndham, says :—A. good deal has been written and' said, since Mr Fergus' unfortunate speech at; Queens town with, regard to what the Government think as a whole, as though they were unanimous in their condemnation of his utterances. 'We have, however, un doubted authority for saying that the Government are in the unfortunate position of thinking in two diametrically opposite directions upon the propositions put forward by Mr Fergus. The Ministry are running in two teams, who are pulling in opposite directions. The Premier and Messrs Hislop and Fergus are running together, and Captain Russell, and Messrs Mitchelson and Richardson in the other team, and it was what the Government, as represented by the former threes think tthat,found:ytfcerance:afc iheiatitheilip's of Mr Fergus at Queenstown. Sir H. Atkinson has long been known to enter tain the views enunciated by Mr Fergus,' and it is also well understood that it was, at his instigation that Mr Fergus, who is in the unfortunate position of having,no opinions of his own, was set to fly the kite of the Ministerial; triad of which he is a member, in order to test the uncertain* currents of public opinion. The result everyone knows. Mr Fergus explains himself into greater difficulties j ..there, is. much talk of a.Government delegate going South in order to discredit the utterances of a member of the Government'; but the fact remains that what.Mr Fergus said is what one part of the' Government think, and what Mr Richardson may, say will express the opinions, of only -Messrs Richardson, Mitchelson, and Captain Russell, and perhaps the other two i members of the Cabinet.

A Splendid Legacy.

.1, ■;;•;■, r"» '• . ■■■' <;.' •: The report that the Pope has been left £680,000 by a gentleman who had once been a Jew is not yet confirmed ; but if' it is so, it is probably the largest wind fall that has ever beenknown, -Perhaps the nearest approach to'it in- England was the legacy bequeathed, at the beginning of the cejitury, to Lady Frances Bruderiell. The rector of St Martin's was sent to pray with a dying man, one Mr Wright, living in St James's street, Pimlico. A few days afterwards a solicitor called on the rector, and told him the deceased had left him £1000, £2000 to Mr Abbot (the Speaker of the House of Commons), and all the rest of his property to Lady Frances Bruden«U, daughter of the Earl of Aylesbury. What is as curious as the rest of the story, the solicitor then seems to have washed his hands of the matter, and the rector goes to her ladyship to tell her her , good fortune. The house steward at Lord Aylesbury's tells him that there is now no such person as Lady Frances Brudenell, as she married Sir Henry Willoughby long ago, and of course assumed his name. The lady herself declared that there must be some mistake, as she knew no Mr Wright, nor to her knowledge had ever seenl one. To this the rector rejoins- that as the.proparty is worth £60,000 a year, she had better go and see him now, as the coffin was not yet closed up. She did so, and then instantly- recognised him as having been a great annoyance to her. in her youth at the Opera-house, where.he had a box next to hers ; so importunate had been his looks indeed (though he had never spoken to her) that her family had to change their box, Under the circum stances, however,- she Wnis to ha^e |or ; ' given him ; for she' took the money and " put all her household into mourning put pf respect."

In Auckland churches a large number of defaced coins find their way into the plate, and the treasurer has to make good the difference in yalu? qu^ qf his own pocket,

SHEEP FEEDING.

THE LAWS OF GRAZING.— H.

(By J. R. WiLKiNSON, M.A.,Chertseyl)

[Correction—Mr Oliver thus corrects an error of quotation made in Paper I:— " I cannot see how ... Mr Wilkinson makes out that 'I said that 3£ bushels of oats and 1J out chaff were the quantities allowed by Mr Randall for three months,winter feeding. =■, .1 never said so. I mr,de Mr Randall's 31bs of hay a basis for my calculations, and Mr Boussingaulfc and his learned friends helped me to the rest." The. argument ef course remains unaffected.] 'After sending Paper I to the Press^ I saw in the " Ashburton Mail" a letter on artifi cial sheep-feeding by Mr Herring, of Alford.. tt details Home methods a few years ago and Mr Herring's own methods at Alford. It is valuable in many' ways. Assuming that English sheep, farmers have gone as far with ' artificial methods' as the point of greatest net. profits, and -riot any further, we see what a long way'we can gain artificiality' •before the rate of net profit ceases to increase. Mr Herring's method is successful he says, 1 and I suppose there is.nonevbui feels his data reliable and.his recommendations safe. He, however, divides throughout sheep" farmers-from, grain growers; and this, it seems to me, will destroy his influence with ordinary farmers. . Is.not the prpblem this : How can ordinary farmers practise most profitably the r improved method of she^p feeding that the introduction: of freezing enables them to adopt? It claims* the at tention of both theoretical and practical men' at the present time, and deserves pubUc, as well as private,' discussion. J think it suffi cient cause for-adyocating> ki r-p thnt frr-Fn 1 facts every week prove to be'iiwomry --lit 1 forming of ; farmers' associations in every school district. A practical method of form ing an association of this kind/ia given at the; end of .this paper. '''V. 1-': j. Mr Herring's practice and advocacy of tpe artificial is a great support to me, as my grounds are mostly theoretical,'and'the mere theorist is apt to overlook important and even necessary' factors and bring upon him self the scorn of the 1 mere practical. To escape the charge of presumption I ask rtt .tention to the fact, that all our practice matters have a theoretical side to which be long their laws and principles j and the theory of an operation, as it. depends on the pri mary sciences, is as much in the. domain Df the laboratory student as in that of the prac tical, man. , The authorities on any subjecit, as Mechi, Randall, Lawes, on farming, must know both sides. Their method is first to 1' see clearly what is wanted, and then to apply their theory and study in order to suggest practical plans, and then to get to actual work.>» .'^ , The following consideration shows us our present poaition^and our need of stirring (o meet the times:—Grazing and sheep feeding appear to go-through ;*" thf&rSiages. THe., primitive is exemplified by the" sheep runs of I squatterdom., There is here no attempt at 1 artificial improvement; native pasture alone is grazed, and wool and store sheep are the sole produce. ■ This stage can hardly be safd to belong to civilisation ; but it may be called the golden age, and its natural lords by the slow magmfing power of tradition, Jtroduced -,princes, patriarchs, heroes, in abled 'antiquity. The second stage is that of the true makers of the colony, the first farmers, the back bone of the country. To the early •farmer' grain is- more important than wool; but he substitutes imported and more productive grasses for the native ones, and pastures become more efficient. As shown in Paper I, however, the grass is' at 'rhep mercy of weather and seasons, and sheep feeding is almost solely grazing, so that fattening is not much attended to. But with the increase of. population a demand, and market for fat sheep springs up'and in'process of time the production of mutton becomes as important as, grain and wool growing; and then the third and last .stage , begins. Artificial feeding appears on the scene, being simply a necessity. English' sheep farmers have hiihert'o'hada,monopoly inthemuttoh,trade at Home, .but. the wheat growers have been outdone by' ,'the foreign producers, to such an extent tliat in the last thirty years or so, the price of wheat has fallen fifty per cenfe, bringing incalculable good.to the general community, though the wheat growers themselves are rather, as Mr Herring says, out ait elbows." Similarly the introductidns of freezing has brought the colonies' into competition' with the Home, sheep 'farmers, and the colony that is first in business, .will get most profit. Coining now-to the second law of grazing, I may say at "the outset that its aim'is to •■ obtain greatest produce from the pastures.: It is.directly opposed:td bare fields. These dismal sights are not justified; I believe by an. practical or theoritical con sideration; and 1 think it is merely the over caution or fear to risk a change produced by hard times that permits them still to dis grace our pasturing ; but as fairly rich men can also show bare fields, we cannot attri* bute them to one single cause. There seems to have been no incentive save in recent years -to study grazing, and this makes it easier for one to believe his suspicions of radical error in the present system, and to attribute to bare fields the bankruptcies!, forced and clearing sales, and very hard living, that have clouded, for many years the winters over .vlargo portion of the plsr.ris". So far m our modi urn and lighter larijtn-. arc conconiw? the effects of overgrazing 1 lwii:e a year are seen in the vanishing of the finer sorts from a pasture at about the third summer and the wearing out of the rest at the jfourt'h or fifth^; a sjate of things gro!3sly opposed to the accepted principle that grazing improved a pasture, and to the fact of the wonderful advantage derived from variety of grasses^ and if a fourth of a farm is to be jn Boot afld : . grain in the future, and, hence a field ont of grass for about three years, thedife of a pasture will have to be nine years —an impossibility unless fairly grazed., , „. - { ,.,., t .- " \ Valuable facts'relating^ to J the production of grass may be got, I believe, from the waste places about the homestead, from the grass fjlot and the farm yard.,. ,A grass plot that as been nioreof less'under my notice since its formation a dozen years ago, had for ten 1 year? a rate of pboduceMouble or more, that 6f the neighbouring fields. At the same time it stood, through not being eaten to the heart, the severe treatment of having two .mowings a year, raked .off, and the only aid in compensation,,was'.'aYtopdressing about two years after forming. The adjacent large farm-yard:• is.stills,wel^' gr?asedf after eleven or twelve years" of fair grazing j' and not manured, save of course around the stables and sheds. Finally, over grazing causes;delay of one to three weeks in the spring and autumn growth, (a field that has been lightly grazed being much quicker to sprout than others) and those few weeks are the most valuable in the whole year. I have not been able to get about and gather further practical facts with respect to over-grazing than the above, but these ap pear sound, and each farmer can draw more from his own experience. Let 1$ now turn to elementary science and strike the key! note of the whole matter. How does grass grow ? I believe most people will say from the root, will say the root provides fresh green blades, seed-stem, seeds and all. Now J believe there is no better known fact iri botany than the growth of grass from the blade,and that &11 plant life, save some; of the lowest, as lichens, grows by the action of sunlight or, .carbonic' acid in the green cells of the blade, or.* leaf,' and that the function of the root is to carry' moisture and mineral matter (which includes the useful portion in manure), to the green' parts. The food of a plant is moisture,] mineral matter, and the carbonic acid of the air. The seat of digestion is the green part and in the process the dead inorganic food is raised to the rank of organic living matter by the energy of sunlight.. acting along with the liviiig'power of the plant., If the plant Is'dried and burnti or it it is* eaten by an animal and used in work on animal heat, its matter falls again to the dead inorganic state. The.luxurjant growths on. a rwell rotted "manure heap is due to,' abundance of mineral matter proper for| plants, and the supply of mineral matter^ may operate more than is usually supposed in producing the different ra.te,s qf growth,' even,. on" a p}ot kept regularly moist, in, spring, slimmer, and autumn—common facts that are still very differently explained by p,ur authorities, and may therefore be regarded as yet unexplained. The autumn growth on the grass plots above referred to was not a sixth of the spripg growth, and one is led to wonder if it is useless to hope for a food retaining juice through the summer and for something better than

commpu grasses in the autumn; If we accept the position that blade produce!" Wade, we are lmund, I think, to conclude the larger the blade the greater the daily produce able to be fed off, and that bare, ■- grazing totals the least amount of grass ! Every one knows, of course, that there is a . limit, that grass, will not grow to an un limited length, but if we can catch the | stage at which the blades are just large enough to make use of as;,much mineral matter as the roots can supply, we shall have the theoretical standard of best depth - of grass at-whichapasture shoaldaHJwipt for greatest production. At a guess Iwould put it at about three inches deep> f depending on the generaf moißtnesS of the season for land wortb.,2o bushels of wheat per acre, j^ore fertile soil ..would maintain a greater depth, and in general each locality -would need its own ( determining. ■,< To accept as>f' law, the maintaining of long grass^ecesaitatei «jjb «■' easily seen, to" accept also, the first'law, , which 1 enjoins' 'artificial ' feeding•^hiring/' seasons of Jno growth?'and:'the tw'ypr.k together in perfect harmony. In actual practice loss by trampling would have to' be considered if grass wire above,;.three*^iohes deep; and on this account it appears to be a certainty that rich lands cannot be-grace^ to yield their best theoretical produce olrgrass. The third ,law.is r notjo£ sucl^prvnary mv pdrtarice as the; first 'or the' iicondtl It merely needs statement, 1 as it is simply a matter for common sense. We cannot be :s&&o£ growing a' regular «upply> of artificial food oiiraobouhtLbfirfegnlar; seasons. Hay is the most regular, but oats and ; turnips. ,fwilL, ,varyi .rl 1 suppO^rJOOg-per cent,in,..yield, indifferent; jearß,. There fore on behalf ,:,of j^urate j.sy^tenj^ it seems to me..the,"right '.thing.'to^roy^oe an amount of artificial food usually in re^c«M of '.'.•'IXrY requirements: 1 This 'grOutid'lOfoe i-i'-i-- <'■" the^Kird laV; inifsp farjfe'grating alone' is concerned, I'ti&v^no't foditd matter for any further 'laws f thannthe ihreerriow given.' 1 •••-••• "'■";■• >•;■■: ;i) hL\>,<->\j:-*,:'1... (■Sheep farming:; when;! developed .. to .the third' i stage . is more complicated -than- grain-growing.;. and,.„ the ...scientific treatment oi it will include separate and distinct chapters on each of the - following'^graises] grafing, artificial feeding, sheep.'and^marketjj. TThe laws of grazing, therefore, though of great importance, yet form but a fraction^of (the i?hble;ißubject, and there, id .clearly, plenty [pi room for associated work, , public writing and un limited study. . Lmay-xsay-Ii have these papers with'-great care,. f in the hope that they may be looked upon as standard, and with the feeling'that they, tend f in the , sadAe way W' the 'wave 'BrßgtWfc* in- sheep farinSng that 1 is ''coining-' upon'Tus, bearing us to the higher leveL't'l'teßHeve they are sound, science, and that with ordinary health and strength I could have added many'ifacts, but'not altered any of the principles. It is rather oppressive at times to find oneself standing almost alone preach ing revolution in the universal practice > of sucfra tough race as. the (^tedbury formera; ' but jl h^ye the, jSjfi^pathv oLfrienda, and I rely on supporters cooling' forwarcC* pohlicly^,, A clear view makes a firm stand, and there is no way back. Our flag is raised;' our niotto is anti-bare fields. , Summing up; '6ur-pjosition is', tTisU? it is quite time "we largely increased 1 our produc tion of prime mutton; that this increase necessitates a change .jnr-ourf method of grazing ; that the change should take place in the direction of the* following,' which I 'call ',' V J\'v- vF f,V '■'.'.' 'THE LAWS OF «BAZEfCt. f '}^> . ■(I)',' Sheep ' should be, taken 'from 'the pastures and fed artificially during times of -nO'growth of grass.' ■ ■ •;■■■ '■ '"'- •>'»' •■ ■' i.;i ? •' 2. .Pastures should be, maintained'at the most productive depth of grass ascertaihable ' for each,district.'., ..)■ .-/c:;;'j - !'i' -,'\ >;\ ; 3. The supply of artificial food (Bhpuld ; be sufficient to meet occasional ■- failures,. in the artificial crop. • , .  "....'.*  ,V '.."! Olf THE, FORMATION-, OF FABMBES'.; ASWWIA ,'•' ' ','•. TIONS./'.',, '._',' '* :,.S'''r,';-:' " As the public plus form is not nv.iilable to me at present, I lake the privilege to write some plans for a most important movement towards .the improvement pf JJ"cw Zealand agriculture. I,think is time thatiarmera joined the rest bf the world in' progress by means of Associations' work. Associations seem the leading feature of thJB marvellous, age. Every movement,' business, project, or reform, to be supported, and, pushed along by' Associations, iCompany, 1 'qr "union. Of course Cantcrßu'rjris' no 'exception,,with its various A. v and P. Associations, 'VhS» annual shows aVethe'prideof"tKe Projinice; with its School of 'Agricdlture," its •o6im<Ty journal, and agricultural columns; biifc there is little or no unifying spirit among these, no sort of vitality working through them idL 1 Our, only regular -diffusive agency, reaching the or-linary. farmer, :4s,^e.^weekjy-fpaper, ' and we haVe no collecting centralising agency saye Our Q\7n Correspondents. Farmers' Associations in^every sohool dis trict will suppjy perfeptly, these 1 wants and , more than these/ 'Every farmer knows well the gain he would get from hearing his; neighbor's views^ahd from haying access to a nice little library of agriculture books and periodicals and weeklies. I need not refer to this; ,but would like. to rsay alitfcle about agricultural .instructions; in schools. New • Zealand...^liall^ngi sadly, -behind 1 the old countries., Irelandr has - attended to i the matter for many .years,' "thongli Lthe' g^od effects somehow seem to have <been cholted. With regard to' Scotland the following quo tation will be sufficient. .It.concludes.Prof. Wallace's' preface-to' th^ f latest OPettP 1890) book on grasses, by Prof. MadAipin¥;*iEflfai burgh (DavidiDdiuglaa^ ;10'&stle St., Edin burgh, 3s 6d net), and reads thus:— V . '?' It willlormconeiof^the Sndift ioffiplete guides,to a system of Object Lessons in country scb,oo]|B thajfihwfibew, bffered to the . public; and I may be. permitted to add that arrangements -have already, beenrntade^to . ■ 'place it in the possession of'the mftmbl^'of the Institute oLScottish. Teachers of Agri culture, who,< dnring'the; _ current winter, have over two thousand boys and young men ; under jtnstruc^oji jn, the)principlesjpf; Agxi- i culture in the rural.dißtricte .of .Scotlfni" England also.haSjWaJkeri^d up^ r. by Mr .'• Coflings, M;P.>.is npvr before.the Hoo^e of Coihmons, supported' aa the'. v times Vjßtys •» by all parties, „ Ifeprovidek' for4n«t^ctibn in the primary '^choow'in' rthe'-rona#ing sulw ject?';^- \;; h, >'<: &m:nrv rr^iii '' : (1) Fruit, flowejp,i and, vegetable growing. (2) Poultry; bee, and pig keeping. j (3)>Budding,,pruning, planifcing, and,prd pagatmg. r ..;. .„ „ ' ',""y .yrTn^A (4) The rotation"of garden drops. Xt"l, ■ . ■ (5) The najfcure and propertiea,of soilg,. T  ;'<B);Tlieuseofjnanu rresr -? s 1--1 ■ 1 ■' (7) The knowledgeand choice of seed*.-8 (8) Thestructut-e and life otplant*. (9) The action of birds and ■: insects on crops. ini;,\\-y, i~tf T <)'':'/"<\' '.. . (10) The'choice and use of simple tools; and (11) The packing of fruit, vegetables, etc., for market. 3 L>i t 'f' L ■• •■ c•• j.li. . - It is evident .therefore i thafc)TOchT^p|rtpic tion is in the near fatore for the Coloniei, and it will come 'sooner if it come aa a request ~ from the people themselves through their Associations. And/what better aidjeould be given to tHe School of A^ricultnrf— hot to j speak .of /the country, journaf *nd the!, weekly papers—than country districts pervat\ed by tAssooiations! in idirect co-opera tion with it, and controlling also. farm >' schools which would be preparatory insti- 1; tutions for it and the fittest places for ;!.; secondary instonctipn 1 for^boys •and«gir|a > : leaving the primary schools 'in lconntry districts. To start an Association five or six, or even two'or three, without respect ' of sex or position, are sufficient. The . following general motions may then be passed:— YV" , ■ (1) That persons present form a'Farmer's Association in this district of —r—-, giving consideration to the principles and practice of agriculture, to instruction in the same, V' and to questions touching the Interests of, "/ farmers. v ■ -'." . ■;'',•.'. (2) That until further needs the'"subscrip tion be the nominal one of , the sole officer the Secretary.; thai;„ meetings be monthly, and also at [ special ; chll irom the Secretary.-. . ■•' ( <\ :. <» i ■ (3) That membership be open t«j all ■ " interested: \':'.' • ]:<:/■ ''.'■/. '■•', 1 ''' \ ; .(4) .That a suitable agricultriral 1 libraryibe formed and speoial contributions be called in ■ support, and ul»o to defray expense* incurred . 'by rule. 16. ' . .".-;.,.' ■! ' (5) That this Association join with otbejrt to appoint a Secretary for the county. ■ ,„ (6) The Oouiity Secretary shall, be Usual means of' correspondence for Diitriet Associations, and shall prepare for printing at expen^of.liJistriqtrAssocia^^wi annual report compiled from annual reports of tha ■ District Associations. (7) District Ajwoeiations shall gtatfeif

THE ASHBtIETON GUARDIAN, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 18, 1890.



Public Notices. SALE OF BOOKS, STATIONERY, &c, At L. F/ ANDRE WES AND Co.'s. OUR Stock being far too large we are determined to reduce same by Selling Off Ht Greatly Reduced Prices for CASH only. A discount of 4a in the £. ' A large stock of Music at less than half price. Inspection invited. L. F. ANDRE WES & CO. Stationers' Hall. jn TTIAWCIT "TAODDS SURGEON DENTIST, Address :—Court Chambers, above Mr ,H. M. Jones, Stationer, East Street. Private Residence, Havelock Street, T r Opposite Presbyterian Church ' NOTICE. DTEITOH, Tailor, begs, to • J..J intimate to his numerous friends and customers that he has , REMOVED to Compton's Buildings, Moore Street, next to Royal Hotel, where 'he will be glad to meet old friends and customers, and new ones ate welcome. 6 96 : FIRST-CLASS AMERICAN ORGAN, NEW. f\ N Oppor'.vnity offers to obtain one - .-.{.* i« of Coini^h's celebrated American Organs on exceedingly favorable terms. Height 45 inches, Length 46 inches,, width 23 inches. Five Octaves, 14 stops, 2 octave couplers, and 2 knee swells. * Above can be supplied direct from the Manufactures at considerably less than usual price. Apply " Mail" and" Guar dian .' Office. 5 20 , __* :—. i ; IF YOU WANT GENUINE VALUE FOR YOUR MONEY, TRY W. W. SPENCER'S HE is now offering the best value ever had in Ashburton. A large and well assorted stock of ; DRAPERY, CLOTHING, AND BOOTS Flannel Is a yard. Good heavy dresa tweeds all colors B]td per yard... . •, , Winter Homespuns 7|d. Cashmeres and Merinos in all colors at very low prices: Blankets, in grey, white, and blue, at very low prices. . • i > Quilts, calicos, flannels, hollands, and shirtings, Cheaper than ever.' Double widfch white sheeting 7|'d.- j Mens, boys, and youths suits. Soxr! shirts, and hats at prices before neve, known.  .', \ BOOTS, BOOTS, BOOTS. The cheapest Boots and the Best Boots ' ever had in Ashburton are at W. W. SPENCER'S THE ARCADE. Men's Bluchers 6s lid. Men's shooLcTs 10s 6d. Children's p lent leather slippers,' shoes and boots. Extra value very cheap. Ihe best school boots for' boys and iris in Ashburton at W. W. SPENCER'S ARCADE, ASHB'JBTON



-WM. SPABKOW TAILOR AND MEN'S'MERCER' EAST STREK W«THOUTTEETB WJTU.TEETU THE CHRISTCHURCH DENTAL SURGERY, Corner of Cashel and High streets. Q < TV^YERS AND r^O. '"■ SURGEON DENTISTS. And at Dunedin and Westport. TTTE have gained the FIRST AWARD Vy »t the Dunedin Exhibition for Artificial Dentures and Mechanical Appli ances for the Mouth, and it is with the groatcst confidence that we guarantee the highest class work and perfect fit at the most moderate cost. A Single Artificial Tooth, 10s. Complete Set — Upper and Lower— temporary and permanent, £10 10s. Natural, Durable, Comfortable Artificial Teeth Replaced Temporarily al most immediately after the extraction of decayed teeth or stumps without extra fe« or charge. Arrangements can be made for part or monthly payments. ADMINISTERING NITROUS OXIDE 3AS several times daily for the past ten years, we fearlessly assert that extraction of teeth under its influence is perfectly painless and positively safe Fee for Administration, 6s. Extraction, 2s 6d. Artificial Teeth and Dentures made' by •ther dentists Tepaired or remodelled at Bnvvll cost. Hours of t ttendan;e—9l& m, to 6 p,m



WANTED Cash Afln itismentx under tiwt heudino. not exceedingly words, OJVLJ SUILLIAG Addrc&sesmay he left at this Offi< • ANTED a first-class Blacksmith little or no shoeing to be done. Apply by letter to John Grigg, Longbeach. ANTED to let Gorse Cutting at Maronan, Clearwell, Hackthorne, 0. J. Harper. 6*98 JUST opened, a few ladies plush jackets, newest shapes, very cheap. :— H. C. SBGERs,'Melford House. WAJN '.Hil Anown.—A special pur chase of choice Lndies' Hats at a desperate price.—W. H. Collier. -ttlSO WANTED every man m the County to have a suit of tho Ashburton Tweeds.—Robert Alcorn, Ashburton Clothing Mart, Saunder's Buildings. ANTED KNOWN.—The Cheapest House in Ashburton to buy Draperyj Millinery, Clothing, Boots, etc., is H. C. Segers, Melford House. ri^HE Patent Oandle Extinguisher can _L be Set to Extinguish at any. time, required ; it will save insurance premiums your house and your life, price Is ; Sole Agent for Ashburton.—it. Alcobn, Saunders' Buildings . _ \ Tj~. A NT E D KNOWN.^-A lot of VV, Ladies Cloth and Tweed Jackets, considerably under usual cost price.!—• W. H. Collier, "The Corner." ANTED Known —One hundred; and fifty 'Ladies'-and Children's Ulsters bought a great bargain (good qualities), now selling very cheap —H. C: Segers. Melford House. . : ■ !i, ■'. TOP THAT COUGH 1 By using Flower's Cough Drops. Guaranteed efficacious. Can only be obtained at H. G. Flower's, Confectioner, East Street. .  / 3 191 /~>HEAP Cash Sale now on at Car \^J son's • ■ ' • Ironmongery, Brushware, Glass, China, and Earthenware at Auction Prices. * All kinds of Produce taken in exchange. » 6 d ANTED Known—The Cheapest Shop to buy Tinware and Gal? vanised Iron goods in Ashborton, is at W. F. Hannaford's, Burnett Street. A large stock kept on hand. . Tin and Iron ware goods made and repaired with dcs, patch ,



Public Notices. THIS SPACE KESEKVED FOR THE NEW ZEALAND v Clothing Factor's NEW ADVERTISEMENT, T\ i\ ITOHELT IV nnT3&NE~O ±Yl ITOHELXj <JO 1 URNE J_i! DRAPERS CLOTHIERS, etc., etc. HAVE very great pleasure in direct ing the attention of their numerous friends and customers to their very fine Stock of Winter Drapery, now fully opened out. BLANKETS FLANNELS WINTER DRESSES' HOISERY and GLOVES MEN'S and BOYS' OVERCOATS TWEED SUITS SHIRTS PANTS and SOX In endless variety. PRICES will bear comparison ivith any quota tion, and as for QUALITY it is an undisputed fact that M. & x. keep a first-class article. MITCHELX C_ qiURNET) itchelJLj Co JLurneJl> kaiapoi house TANCRED STEEET &.SHBURTON YOUR MONEY /"""IANNOT be better invested than in" \J . purchasing a COMPLETE MEDI CINE CHEST containing Colemano and Son s Eucalypti Remedies. For a Postal- Note oy 22« 6d the following remedies will be sent, enclosed in a Neat Box, to any address, post paid :— —l Bottle Euca lypti Extract, 1 pot Victory Ointment, 1 box each Ladies and Gents Liver Pills, 1 pofe Eucalypti Honey, 1 box voice Lozenges, 1 Cake Eucnlypti Soap. Full directions for use enclosed. All SAFE add SURE remedies. Beware of imita tions. See that you get Colemakb and Sous' EUCALYPTI and no"other: Wholesale and Retail Agent, W. J. ALEXANDER, 142 Ctshel St., Christchurch. To whem orders are to be sent Send for circulars. 7 80