The Ashburton Guardian. Magna est Veritas et Prævalebit. TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 1890. THE APPROACHING ELECTIONS.

A seat m a New Zealand Parlia ment is a coveted honour to .which many aspire. The debates and con duct of business m the representa tive chamber m past years has made a seat m the House a laud able ambition, and, as a consequence, the class of men who come forward at each election arc men of whom any country may be proud. It is quite true- that a few of those who aspire to political fame are unfitted to discharge the important functions of legislators, but the great majority are men whose opinions are worthy of all respect, and whose motives are unimpeachable. The difficulty with the electors at each triennial contest is to decide between candidates of equal merit, whose political views are almost iden tical. Many candidates, while un doubtedly having the welfare of the country at heart, have not the public weal at heart so much that they will retire from the field, and thus permit the contest to lie between two candi dates advocating distinctly opposite views. Liberal candidates are especi ally at fault m this particular, and a time-honored practice of the Conserva tive party is to split up the Liberal ranks by urging as many candidates as possible forwarl m the opposing interest, and voting en masse them selves—thus securing the return of men pledged to their views, but who really do nob represent the interests of the majority of electors. History will no do ibt again repeat itself m this part'cular at the forthcoming elections ; m fact we already notice that m several consti tuencies this is the case. The Liber.il candidates, as a rule, lack combination and cohesion, and fight with each other, instead of sinking m lividuality and fighting for the coinm m jause. Telegrams daily arriving point to the conclusion that at the forthcoming general elections each constituency will be keenly contested by ol 1 and new aspirants for Parliamentary fame. Well-known public men, whose p >liti c'al views are wide as the poles asunder, will be opposed to each other m tho several constituencies, and each will endeavor to persuade the electors that the particular party with which he intends to associate himself is the party whose policy alone will drive the colony ahead ; while another class—the poli tical fledglings, on the oratorical stump for the first time—may be found modestly insinuating that the salvation of the colony entirely depends upon returning a new set of men to the House, and relegating older and more experienced men to the cool shades of enforced retirement. The supply of public men has always been m excels of the demand ;. but this fact, while it reflects the highest honour upon our' national assembly, is made use of by designing persons to serve their own ends, and who, by splitting the electors up into sections, return their own nomi nees to Parliament. We would especially warn the electors against permitting this to be done at the forthcoming contest. What is Avanted is that each party should select from amongst the candidates one whose views meet with the most approval, and support that one against all comers. If the colo iy is to continue to be governed on party lines, the sooner the lines are clearly denned the better ; if public men will not define these lines, it is to be, hoped the various political organisations everywhere springing into existence will do so, and that the electors will have something like a decided political issue submitted to them before the poll is declared m November.

LOCAL AND GENERAL

In Australia there arc 247,000 more males than feaules. Ripe cherries and plums (locally grown) are now being sold m Nelson, and m Wang ftiwi ripe tomatoes are exposed for sale. A syndicate proposes to construct an electric tramway at Parramatta and to sup ply the town with eloctric light. Inquiries are being instituted by the Goveimment of Kew South Wale* into the prevalence of leprosy among the Chinese m the colony. A gentleman m Melbourne, on the Oth instant, offered the Trades Hall Council £5000 to start si scheme to break up the alleged coal nnd shipping ring. A Wang»ttui carpenter has inaugurated classes for the purpose of giving instruction m t'.ic crectio i of sttiircaaiug and hand rail* ing. A largo schooner has left Mfllbourne with a party of tourist.--, for the Went ijonst Sounds, Gilford to be the first place visited. The Ashbnrton-Rrikaia, Ashburton-Ran gitata, Mount Sowers, Alford, aud Ashbur ton Forks water-races were proclaimed m the ■' Gazette." of t!ic '25th instant. A public meeting of Avoolgrowera m the Ashburton district is convened for Saturday, 4th October, to consider the resolution passed by woolbuycrs m Christehuroh not to attend wool sales held m thia district. The San Kranciseo mail will close at Ash burton on Friday next at (5.2<) p,ni, Money orders msu-t l»c obtained not later than H p.m. This; mail will bo due m London on •10th November. From a discussion which took place recently m the Krenuh Chamber of Deputies upon emigration, it appears that there is a branch of the gen oval revenue devoted to the bring ing back to France of jk.'O|>lp whq have emigrated to other roiinti'ies nnd wish to return. M. Constans, during tbo discussion, J remarked that there was f>O.OOOfr. a year available tor the purpose, and'last year he had to ask for a supploiituntaty crudit. The total production of wool m New , South Wales for the year ending June 30th, 1890, was 710,970 bales. The shipments 1 iron Australia and New Zealand for the past year were 1,4(33,000 bales, and it is thus evident that New South Wales alone pro duces quite one-half of the wool grown m Australasia. . I j Month by month the number of telegrams which can )>« sent through a single wire in creases, and the distance t-iu'QUuh Ayhjeh a telephonic message can be heard is length: & iei!. A newly-devised apparatus, (mite s !!iplo m form, takes a telegram as it flows fr.'.'in one's pun, and transcribes it from the wire m fao-siiuflft, Kvtm tli« wonl* im pressed upon the wax of a p.lwn»(jgiui|>h nrti now capaolo of being forwarded to distances exceeding a hundred mite. Tho annual Hor.so Parade, under the auspices of the Ashburton Agricultural and Pastoral Association, will be hold at the. County Saltjynt'ds on Saturday, 4th October, iit 10.HO a.m. Kutrlus oloao with the Secretary (Mr John J. C. Quane) to-day. His Excellency the Governor, who has 'been the guest of Mr John Grigg, of Long beach, since Friday last, left Aahburton for Christchurch by the 3.40 train yesterday afternoon. There was no demonstration, only a few puopls being on the platform when, (be train Mi,

It is utated in.the.the Alliance that, m one 01. the London institutions which still maintain, their quantity of alchol 24 per cent, of tht» typhoid-fever patients die ; whereas m Glas gow Fever Hospital, where milk is used, the mortality is only 12 per cent. A new phonograph, said to he much simpler thau any other so far introduced, ha.-s lately appeared m Milan. It can .repro duce the hunan voice i» ■& mo(ti marvellous manner, and one of its features is its cheap ness, the wax cylinders used costing only 25 centimes. ' ' • An an torn ktic card-slmPier- is tlie ! latest English invention. The -:ards are dropped into the slo ■• of the machine, which works it self, and ly turning v haadle they arc brought bnc;k to the" surface of the table. The process, which changes the poait'.on- of each oard,. occupies only twt nty seconds. An Anw riean paper remat- ca that taking ft million dollars is called Genius; taking a hundred thousand is called Litigation ; tak- 1 ing twenty-five thousand. Insolvency ; taking I ten thoinand Irregularity.; five thousand Dcfal a'dcxn; one thousand, Corruption ;fivc hundred, Embezzlement; o?ue hundred, Dis honesty;. fifty, Stealing; -and twenty-five, Total "Depravity ; whilst the taking of one ham, it adds, is called Making War on Society. A shrewd observer of current events sends the following note:—" Great changes are taking place m the management of farms m the Southland district j more grass is to bs : seen than ever Mas seem before., The Fairfax Dairy -Factory will probably not run this year. Mr Ayson, of Dunalister, is selling off 100 head dairy cows, and other people arc contemplating a similar atop. There are two great causes fjor this change. Sheep have been the moat, profitable investment on a farm for the poet year or two, while cropping has been, ruinous. " The labor movements have a acelemted the pace at which farmers wera making these changes ; m fact dairying was only profitable where the work could be carried on by members of the family.—Exchange. Mr A. H. Slimy drove over to the Ran gitatain company with Messrs A. B. Simpson and G. Moas oiue day last week, and suc ceeded m landing twenty-nine fine fish. The largest was lOlba, taken by Mr Shnry Mr Shury also landed a fine 81b fish, and the others were from fllbs to |lb, all m very fair condition. Messrs G. Moss, Stephens, and Cambridge went over to the Rakaia, and they caught thirteen nice fish between them. Mr Stephens caught five fish from 3£lbs to 211)s, Mr Cambridge two ve<y nice little fish, and C. Moss six, the largest being nearly Tibs, and also two others that turned the scale at 4Albs and one 31bs. The other two wore only 21b fish. The Rakaia is m fine fishing Jorder now and the fish very thick, and m good condition considering it is the ) c ginning of the season. ; In a paper on the future of New Zealand, read by Mr J. S^ott at a meeting of the Waimato Debating Society, the following with regard to the useless cablegrams sent to the colony appears: New Zealand is divided from the rest of the world, but every day its inhabitants arc informed of what ever there is of importance to them, though transacted at the antipodes. As yet, this information is mostly confined to the movements of the money market, the fe;»ts of athletes, the records of racing, and now and then a morbid tale of immorality ; is it too much to hope that the progress of in tellect and the triumphs of morality are yet to hare as much interest for men as matters which arc merely material or oven immoral. When it will pay the Pro 33 to attend as much to tie higher of these kinds of infor ma*io?i as it now docs to the low*r, the people of New Zealand will bo as much hi touch with questions of progress as the people of England. Holloway's Pir^s.—With changing tem pt ro.bu.re the digesti- n becomes impared liver disordered, and mind despondent. 'J he cause of these irregularities is easly removed by the use of Holloway's Ointment and Pill?!' They directly attack the soiree of the evil, remove all impurities from tin; circulation, restore the affected organs t > their natural state, and correct all detective Kccrutionj;. An easy means of restoring health and strength is supplie l by Holloway's Pills and I Ointment. Thee fumou-s medicines arc blood renovatiig remoilic.3, "whose influence reaches to the great centres of the nervous system, purifies the ciroulati m, induces a healtay stito of the bodily powers, gives tone io the stomach and brain, producing p iy:-ic.-d .-'lid mental vigor, and imparting a relish for food. As the wheel of time has again ushered m t'.ic busy spring, and to be prepared to supply the requirements of Nature and of their numerous patrons, Messrs J. Scaly and Co. have completed their selection of seeds, which arc of the choicest samples obtainable, and which include clovers, turnips, man golds, carrots, rape, perennial ryograss, cocksfoot, elephant swede, garden and flower fee Is m endless variety, and garden rcqui rites of every description. For the conve nience of patrons who cannot make their purchase-, during the day the premises Avill be opei} to nine p.m. on Saturday evenings on and aite- the I Oth August.—(Advt.) The best medicine is Sanderand Sons' JSucalpyti E,xtpa "A. Test its eminent power ful effect** m cou,ms, colds, influenza, etc.— the reliqf is instant ■ aeons. Thousands give the most gratifying te timony. Hia Majesty the King of Italy and medical syndicates ull over the world are it 3 p.itrons. Read the official reports that accompany each bottle. We have no occasion to otter reward:; m proof of the genuineness of our references. The fficial reports of medical clinics and univer sities, the official communications of the Consul-General for Italy at Melbourne ; the diploma awarded International Exhibition, Amsterdam—all these are authentic docu ments, and, as such, not open to doubt. We add here epitome of one of the various cases treated at the clinic of Schultz, M.D. Pro fessor, etc.—" C. 8., 24 j*ears old; conges tional aUscess on the thigh. Ineiaioiiß made m two places. Although Lister's dressing was applied, the secretion became, two days later, very copious, and had adopted a fretid decomposed character.. The temperature rose enormously. In consequence the dressing ■\va,s? removed and jn its place were made during the, day-time repeated irrigations with ]*)ucalypti Jlxtracfc, The offensive faster disr apnoai'cjd very soon, the fevov abated within a igiv days, and the patient recovered after %le lapse of several weeks. In this instance wo must not lose sight of the fact that the latter treatment saved the patient's life."

Horse Market.

Mr T. Bullock reports for the Aveek ending Saturday, September 27th :— Fewer horses were brought forward than at the provious Saturday's sale, 24 being offered and 12 changed hands at the following prices : Six-year-old draughts £17 los, £23 ; aged °f * good stamp, £10 Iqs, £11;' others, £8, £8 15s, £9, inferior £4 o.s, £4 10s. Hacks and light harness horses, £5, £7, and for a four year-old of a good stump, £14 15s Avas obtained. Sundries : Collars, harness, and winkers, 17s to £1 per set; fst of shaft harness, £3 12s tid : c]e/l crusher, £7 10s j spying trap, £14 las.*

THE ELECTIONS.

Mr Menteith has decided nob! to stand I for Wellington, Ifc is stated that Mr Dodson. M.H.R., for Wairau, is likely to be culled to the Upper House. :; , ' The Hon. E. Mitchelson will contest Eden sent. Sir George Grey has been requested to deliver a political address at. Auckland. Mr.T. J. Devine, .solicitor, is announced •is a candidate for Wellington. Mr VV. F. Bucklaud will oppose fche Speaker (Sit: M/uirica OTRorke) for Frank-lyn. A requisition i.sin course of signature asking Mr John Ollivier to consent to be come a candidate for the representation of Heathcote, Mr Taiuif\r is, n\m .U>' be u.sku'l to oon>3 forward for thy same con tititueiiey, On, (lit that Mi-11. E. N. Two))etij% late editor of the "()tagoD.iily Times," has been asked to contest the Tiniaru seat, and has conseuted to do so. Messrs A. E. G. Rhodes an,d S, Buxton ary both otnying at Teiauka, with the object of canvassing the voters iv the dis trict Tlie electoral roll for the newly-formed j district of Geraldine has been received. There are 1924 names thereon. Claims for enrolment on the supplementary roll ar§ being received by Regist^tiou QffiWi'

PROGRESSIVE TAXATION.

One of the most noticeable features of the speech with which Mr Ballance. has opened the political campaign, ;is leader of the Opposition, is his out spoken declaration m favor of the. principle of progressive taxation. He is reported to have said —f' With regard to the monopoly of lands m the colony, there were 84,547 freeholders iii the colony, and the value of the land held by them was £8-4,208,000 ; and of these there were 2353 who owned land valued at .£43,395,000, or more than half the value of the whole land. Then again there were 528 holders i of over 5000 acres each who owned | 7,000,000 acres, while the whole of 1 the land disposed otF m the colony was not more than 14 or 15 million acres. They would find nothing to be com pared with that m the Mother Country. The remedy was twofold, and they ought to face it, and see that legislation m that direction was carried out. It was a practical simple specific, and that was a graduated land tax. It was only simple justice that these men .who were not now contributing their fair share towards the revenue of the colony should by this means be com pelled to do so. By the adoption of a graduated land tax they •would find these estates would become subdivided and a larger number of people would be upon them." The other branch of Mr Ballance's "twofold" remedy is the re-acquisition by the Crown of private lands where required for the purposa of settlement. In both matters we agree with him, but on the present occasion we propose to refer only to the first, that of progressive taxation. In that principle we have always con curred, but we certainly would not apply it to land alone. If the public burden is to be fairly adjusted, all classes of property and income should be taxed m their due proportion. Taxable property should be divided into two classes, viz.:—(l) Landed property, and (2) all othsr property not being property from which income is derived, and these should be supple mented by a class under the "head of, " Income," being income derived from any other source than landed pi'operty. This done, there should, m the case of such income, be Ait untaxable mini mum, all income above that minimum being taxable upon a progressive scale. Thus, if say for example, £200 were that minimum, then a man with £300 a year would pay upon £100, and the man with £400 a year would pay upon £200, but would pay on the second taxable £100 a somewhat higher rate than on the first £100. As regards property yielding no income, the tax should be at the minimum rate, and as regards landed property there should be a liberal exemption for improvements., and the tax should rise with the value at such a mte of increase as to fall with sufficient weight to discourage the tendency to aggregate enormous estates, and to ensure the turning of the land to the best account. Writing on this subject our Itangitikei con temporary says :—" We take it that m the. interests of the whole community the Legislature has a right to insist that all its lands shall be beneficially occupied, or m default of that that their owners shall be compelled to con tribute something extra for the privi lege of using them m a manner less profitable to the State. We will illus trate our meaning by an example. There is m the Hawke's Bay district an estate of fifty thousand acres of s good land as there is m the Colony. This land is splendidly situ ated, near a township, and if it were cut up into five hundred-acre farms, it would support m comfort a hundred families,'or'five hundred persons m all. At present it is used as a sheep run, and there are employed on it only four men, and these unmarried. So valu able is the land for sheep grazing that none of the employe's is permitted to run a horse on the fifty-thousand-acre estate. The owner draws a splendid income from it, which he spends m England, for he is a permanent ab sentee. Hence, instead of having the contributions of five hundred persons to the Customs' duties, we have the contributions of oidy four. What a loss of revenue we see here! Averag ing the Customs' duties paid, by each individual at £3 per curium, we find that this estate pays only £12 a-year, whereas if it were subdivided into five hundred-acre holdings it would pay £1500 a year. Besides this, a con siderable part of it would, m the latter case, be employed for growing cereals, and thus a considerable quan tity of machinery Avould be required, the manufacture of which would fur nish work to a number of artizans, and there would also be horses to shoe, finding work for blacksmiths; and m harvest time a good many laborers would be required. Add ing all these items together, it wilj be perceived that the Stai-$ suffers heavy loss by permitting this estate to remain as it v; t This estate is only a fair ex ample of many others m various parts of New Zealand, and it is not too much to affirm that the annual \vm, to the State by properties of ti\i* kind must amount to s.evaw.l hundreds of thou sands c$ p,au.ncK ISfow,. the State has enhanced the value of these properties tenfold at least by the construction of railways and roads, by the making of harbors, the building of wharves, etc. Why should not the State get back a portion at least of the " unearned in crement?" There is no just reason to the contrary. We would, as we have previously urged, meet the difficulty by imposing a progressive Property-tax, and to guard against the uufairne.sji of class taxation we Avould nfeo have a progressive Incoino-tciX^ so that there should lie KetjUjaMty of sacrifice" all mt»nd. It has been alleged that a law of ihis kind would frighten away capital. This is a mero bogey, and nothing more. Wwe the 50,000-acre estate, tq which we referred above, cut Uj> into five-lmndred-acre farms there would be a large amount of money needed by the one hundred fanners who would settle on it, whereas the present owner does not need to borrow at all, for he is enormously rich. In deed, were the big estates cut up m the way we have suggested, the English capitalist would find ten times as much occupation for his money as he does now. Again, where the English capitalist has lent money w\ those- big estates, he generally $nds that his in vestment }s. f*vr from a profitable one, »nd, wot infrequently the estates pass

into the hands of the absentee mortga gees, and become veritable eyesores to the ColonyK. i«here are numerous in stances ol: |his kijid m the southern portion of the South Island. In cases like tliesey fenglish capital lias proved a curse rather than a blessing, for it lias locked :up hundreds of thousands of. acres of land Avhich are profitable neither to the nominal owners, to the rnortgagoes, nor to the State. The Ncav Zealand. Legislature has already recognised the principle of limiting the acreage of individual holdings by en acting that no man shall be permitted to acquire more than Gi-0 acres of tiyat class public lands. Let it extend the principle by imposing such, a progres sive tax on big estates that their owners will lind that it would be pro fitable to them to subdivide them say into G4O-acre farms."

BOROUGH COUNCIL.

The usual fortnightly meeting of the Ashburton Borough Council Avas held last night. Present—His Worship the Mayor (presiding), and Crs Cuthbertson, Paul, Flower, Scaly, Brooke, and Keir. new Member. Mr .Toseph Scaly* took his seat as aneAV member, and apologies were tendered for the absence of Grs Williamson and Fried lander. V . ; .'■ FINANCE. ' The Mayor reported the debit balance at the Bank as standing at £1172 17s Id. The income for the past fortnight had been £26 17s--£'2-4 10s of which had been rates paid, 10s for dog registration, 29s j for eartli; sold, and 8s on library account. Of the 1890 rates, there were still £217 outstanding. ; ELECTION, The Returning Officer reported the election of Mr Joseph Scaly as a member ol the Council. ItAILAVAY RESERVES. : A letter from the Railway Department was read intimating that the Department i had no intention at present of Interfering I ! with the lease of Messrs Collins and Co., I as the division of the Avork avhs beneficial. ; The Mayor said lie presumed the " Avork " referred to the sidings. Cv Keir moved the adjournment of the discussion on this subject until next meeting, Avlncl" was carried. j MUNICIPAL INSURANCE. A letter from Sydejiharn Borough ! Council on the subject pf municipal insurance Avaa ordered to be acknoAvledged Avith a statement to the effect that the Council 'had decided to alloAv the matter to lie over for ..twelve montlis. BUUGES.4 11OLL, Mrs Butler's request to have her name inserted m the roll for certain sections m place of her daughter's name was granted. TRESPASS CASES;. The poundkeeper wrote on the subject of trespass cases before the 11.M. Court, and it avas decided to empower the Borough solicitor to appear to prosecu! c m such cases. ....... . engineers', report. The Engineers reported as follows :— At the meeting called of the Work Committee, a sufficient number of members to form a quorum did not attend. Those present, howoA'er, con sidered the business before the Com mittee, and make Lho following recom mendations, informally, viz. :—(1) That a light iron ladder be fixed on the lire alarm structure instead of the present wooden steps. (2) That turnstiles, be placed m the Domain fences whero mentioned by the Engineer. '3) That. the plaster m the Public Library building be repaired, and that the Avails and ceilings throughout the building be dis tempered and whitewashed. (4) That the formahiou of Cox street Avesfc, that was resolved to bo done, be the next Avork taken m hand by the Labour Gang. The Labour Grniff have been engaged j m forming the N.E. Belt; aud William .street, watering streets, spreading shingle, cleaning side channels, planting trees, AvilloAvs, Arc, attending to the Avator supply and sundry maintenance work. The report was adopted. BATHING IN THIS DOMAIN. In reply to Or Paul, the Mayor stated that the hours for bathing m the Domain had been fixed, and boards bearing these hours Avould be erected m the course of the Aveek. The question of fixing the hours <br ladies Avas held over till next meeting. CHANNELLING AND ASPHALT. ! Cr. Brook moved that the balance of the channelling resolved upon be pro ceeded Avith not later than the Ist of November, and that the contractor have the option of taking the Avork jvt the same rate ; should he decline, the work, to be tendered for. Cr. Keir seconded and the motion Avas carried, ■ Q\\ Keir gave notice of motion for next meeting—"That tlie footpath m East street from Wills street to the old Town Hall be asphalted full Avidth." SCAYENGBKING. A motion b.y Cr. Brooke was passed for a return from the scavenger'of'how many night pans Avere m the borough and how many he attended to, us Avellas for a re-, port from the scavanger on the whole subject. : COMMITTEES. The usual Committees and Chairmen of Committees were appointed. ACCOUNTS. Accounts to the amount of £120 were passed for payment, and the Council ad journed.

Tinwald Town Board.

The first meeting of the newly elected Commissioners of the Tinwald town dis trict was held on Friday. Present— Messrs Scott, Williams, Gudsell, and Redmayno. The Clerk took the chair, and reported the result of the triennial election held on the 17th.inst., and said the first business^ would be the election of chairman. Mr Williams proposed, Mr Gudsfjll j .seconded, aud it Avas carried, " That} Mr M. Scott bo elected Chairman of the Board." Mr Scott then took the chair, and thanked the members for re-electing him. The minutes of the last meeting Avere read and confirmed. The Surveyor was instructed to report to next meeting the cost of putting cloavii datum pegs, so that any formation, or other Avork undertaken should be done to the proper level. Owing to there being no funds avail-Able, the matter of forming parts of Thomson and Agnes streets was left over till the autumn. Mr G. T. Smith wrote that he had sold Lots 430 to 455 to Mrs Joseph Clark, and asked that his name should be taken off the Valuation Roll m respect of those sections.—Agreed to. It was resolved "That the chairman and any one member of the Board should operate on the banking account.'' ■ Resolved "That the next meeting be held on Friday, October 24th, instead of the 31st. After passing accounts the Board adjourned.

The Weather

ALFORD STATION" The following is the Mctcofologiciil Re port for the week ending .September 28st, 1890 :—

Love and Death.

Says the " Tablet "-—This poem of John Boylo' O'Roilly, which has consoled so many bereaved .hearts the world over, comes back now to the hearts that m'ouru him like 11 comforting message from his released soul: — : : , Those we love truly never die, ; Though year by year the sad memorial wreath, A ring and flowers, types of life and death/ Are laid upon their waves. For death the pure life saves, j And life all pure is lore ; and love can j : reach . : From heaven to earth, and nobler lessons teach . -;■'■ ' i Than those by mortals read. !.'•■ Well blest is he who has a dear one dead ; A friend he has whose face will never change— A dear communion that will not grow strange ; The anchor of a love is death. Thank God for one dead friend, ■ , ; With face still radiant with the light of truth, : Whose love comes laden with the scent of youth,  :.•■■*•• Through twenty years of death.

The Hero of the Plough.

\ . ("N.Z. Farmer."), Clean the brown path to meet his coulter's gleam ! Lo ! On he comes behind his smoking team ; With toil's bright devrdrops on his kuvi burnt brow, The "lord of earth, the hero of the plough! First m the field before the redd'nixig sun, Last m the shadows when the <lay is done, Line after line, along the bursting sod, Marksthe broad acres where his -feet have trod; Still where he trends the stubborn clods divide, The smooth, fresh furrow opens steep and wide ; Matted and dense the tangled turf up heave.?, Mellow and dark the ridgy cornfield cleaves; " Up the steep hillside, where the laboring train Slants the long track that scores the level plain, Through the, moist valley, clogg'd with oozing clay, The patient convoy breaks its destined Avay ; At every turn, the loosening chains re sound, . The swinging ploughshare ciixles glisten ing round, Till the wide field one Mllowy waste appear.^, And weary hands unbind the panting steers. These are the hands whoso sturdy labour brings The peasant's food, the gcldeit potip of kings ; This i,s the page whose letters; shall be seen, Changed by the sun to words of living green ; This is: the scholar whose immortal pen, Spells the first lesson hunger taught to men ; These are the linr JS that -heaven-com manded-Toil Shows on *his dea,l—the, chartex- of the Soil! : : I ;

A Horse's Head.

A horse's ]j<? ad indicates his character very much ar, ;l m!m ' s t l oes . Vice is •shown m the i nouth and eyes ; intelligence i is shown m t'.ie eyes and the breadth, be tweeh^ the rears and between the uyes; spirit m the eyes and m tho nose, m. che mobile nos'crila, and m the active ears. L.he size of the eye, the thinness of! the skin, mai.iug the face bony, the large, open, tliif.i-odged nostril, the fine ear,; and the thin, finp mane and fore-top,, are indications of fine breeding, and accom pany a high strung nervous organization, which with goodlimbs and muscularpower insures a considerable degree of speed m the animal. The stupid, lazy horse, that drivers call a ' lunk head,' has a dull, eye usually, a narrow forehead, and con tracted poll. He is not represented m this group, but occurs n,ot unfrequehtly, is always a blunderer, forgets himself iiud stumbles on smooth ground, gets him self and owner into difficulties, calks "him self, is sometime positively luzy, but often, a hard goer. He needs consfcmfc care and watchfulness on the driver's part., A buyer of eiquine flesh should be able to detect the good and bad qualities of the animal he contemplates purchasing. This valuable "knowledge is only acquired by a j careful s fcudy of tlie various parts of horse j physiognomy. . J

TO-DAY'S TELEGRAMS

. • \VEU PRESS ASSOCIATION.] ? Fatal Arclilcnt. Haweka, September 30. A yo mig man named Birket was killed "while felling bush near Kaponga on Mpndf iy,. ._ ..,".. ■'-. j , ; - : J»«-»tl» of s»n OKI Colonlmt; ; 1 The ' deuth is announced of Daniel Climif >, Civil Engineer, well-known in connection wifch the Wellington dr*finage schec ac, and the firsb surveyor of the We^ington-Manawatu Railway. .«>liipi>iti^'. Wellingtonj September 30. Tb.e Tekapo, which arrived from Sydney this morning, brought 174 passengers— 74 for Wellington, 57 for Lyttelton, a»d 43 for Dunediu.

Latest Cable News.

HOME AND FOREIGN.

[I'ER PRESS ASSOCIATION.)

( Ttocetved September 30, 10.20 a.m.) SUICIDE. London, September 30. A man shot himself dead with a i revolver during a sermon at St. Paul's.

FLOATED OFF.

The ship Beecroft, \yhicli went ashore on!-Orkney Island);, has been floated oft". ;

A DENIAL.

Mkvfuo, -September 29. The attempt to assassinate President Diaz is olHcitilly denied.

A RADICAL VICTORY.

Bklokake, September 29. Tlie general elections m Servia'have

resulted m a complete victory for the Radicals.

AUSTRALIAN

SPORTING.

Meilboxjkne, September 30. .. The following horses have been scratched for the Ca-ilfield and Mel bourne Cups :—Briton, Proh, Pudor, Tradition, and Mauton; also, tbe following for the Melbourne Cup : — Plover and Sylvester.

THE CHOLERA OUTBREAK.

SvnvEV, Sepfcemlwr 'JO,

The board o£ Ucalth lias taken pre cautionary measures m view of the outbreak' of cholera m China and Japin. ' I

GERMAN WARSHIPS.

The German flagship Leipzig, and dbrvettes Sophie and Alexandrine leave for Wellington on October 10.

SENTENCE OF DEATH.

Smidt, convicted of the murder of an old maninamed Taylor at Wagga, has been sentenced to,death.

TELEGRAPHIC

HOME AND FOREIGN.

[per pk'es.s association.]

London, September 29. A team of lady cricketers will leave 'shortly on; a visit to Australia The* Conference of the Irish party, which was convened by Mr Parnell, •will- meet at Dublin on the 6th October. '' : ' ■ ' j It is reported that the AmMcan Leagues are furious at Mr Parnell for having ordered the moneys collected m America to be remitted, to Ireland direct. ,'

AUSTRALIAN

Melbouene, Stptembei* 29. The Students at Trinity College have revolted owing to long standing grievances against the Warden. One of their number n^ade charges to the Senate and the latter . gave him half an hour to .substantiate them or be expelled. . The student complained that the time was insufficient, and was i expelled. Thirty-four out of fifty i students' then left the Pollege m a body. ■'■''■ f

INTERPROVINCIAL

ATTCKivAjh).■September 29. The body of 'Win. Godfrey, the non union laborer recently drowned m the harbor from the coal hulk, has been re cbvered. At the; inquest!; tHe ; j<iry cen sured a man who stood by ab the time of the accident for ndt having thrown a rope to Godfrey. . • , , , ,f ?. The Registrar of Friendly Societies, Mr J. Mason, has arrived! m Auckland, to nvestigate the transaations of a, Burial Society recently exposed as bb^us. The Natives at Hbkianga and other districts m the North have subscribed £50 towards the cost of a monument for the grave of the late Rev. Dr McDonald. Wellixgton, September 29. The Premier has -lately found much relief from insomnia, which was the cause of considerable distress, by taking sul phonel, and' states he is m much better health m consequence. The doctors have however, forbidden hirii to evenAtravel through his electorate, as he proposed. By an' Order* m CoUncil,Rule 299 m the Code of Civil Procedure under the Sup reme Court Act is revoked, and the new rule introduced is as follows :—"Every judgment debt"shall carry interest at the rate of £6 per' cent per annum from the time of judgment being given until the same shall be satisfied, and such interest may be levied under any writ- of execution upon such judgment." » Blenheim, September 29. : Mr Henry Redwood, the father,of New Zealand racing, has fil6d a petition m bankruptcy to-day. His liabilities are about £1100. {( ;;,,■ .

New Zealand Sporting Men.

AS OTHERS SEE THEM

The Sporting writer iv Melbourne Punch proceeds to deal with New Zea land racing deeds as follows:—"Touching this same ' Turf Honour of the land of the Moa, J it strikes me that tjjie vast majority of the turfy individuals who have Visited us of late years from the land of the moa haven't one scintilla of honour m the whole of their composition, and , but very shady ideas indeed of .common honesty; Ever, since the Mata episode the Australian turf—and of late years more especially the Victorian portion thereof—has been considered a happy hunting-ground for the offscourings of its New Zealand prototype. (Some of the vilest, most dastardly, and despicable deeds have been perpetrated by owners and trainers hailing-from 'the land of the moa, 'and before many days have elapsed one of the very worst of them will be exposed to the light of the day. So profitably has the little game been carried on that there is at present an organised band of turf marauders m our midst engaged m nothing else than smuggling over New Zealand celebrities (principally trotters), concealing their identity under fictitious names and wrongful entries, and fatten* [ ing on their nefarious tactics. Scarcely a steamerarrives from New Zealand but what one has or more such animals on board ; and at the present time they are lying dark—not alone on the weather bow, bub at every conceivable ppint of the com pass." The'" Australian" also has been l dealing some severe .-.blows at the turf I morality of some of the New Zealanders who have been recently visiting their shores.

Labor Questions

[PER PItiSSS ASSOCIATION.!

London, September 29. The dock laborers are powerless to boycott the incoming '-'Australian vessels, and it is unlikely that any attempt will be made. The practice oi coercing men to sub scribe m aid of the Australian strike has been abandoned. Sydney, September 28. A party of free laborers were sur rounded by 400 miners on strike while they Avere proceeding to load slack at Greta colliery. One of the free laborers drew a revolver, and with a view of driving off the crowd fired over their heads. This action exasperated the strikers, who rushed the free laborers, driving them m all directions, and all were caught except the man who fired the shot,' and were terribly maltreated.: The swags of thp free laborers were burnt, and the police were powerless to prevent the dis turbance. i Owing to the contradictory tele grams which are published it is im possible to arrive at the true result of the call out of the shearers. The Magistrate's Court has ordered

THF ASHBUKTOF GUARDIAN, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBEE 30, 1890.



Date. I' ■

■- .

Mond.'.y ... Tuesday .. Wednesday Thursday... Friday ... (Saturday ,] Sunday ...

lvnw.|

30 --128' 28 --- 3-5-! 40' : ■3JM

Sha

ide.

Highj ■66 • 72 --j ,G!)- ■ G2-

IJgh ■■ "*n Sun. *• '125 --134-! 128-,

State of jjsmiief .Fine, "'' ■ E. ''i* . : '■ ■•s■'s

1 )) 1)

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DEAF FORTY YEARS. Thedescr" M. tion of a simple remedy, by wr- ,Jch a complete cure of deafness ami noises ■ mm the. head of Forty Years' Standing has w been effected, will be sent FREE to one Avho applies to J. H. Nicholson f \{% William Street, Melbourne •■



Wsmtetl. , "CASll"T(lvm-Hr^iio~^""un.-It;.v < this hendinc iv;t excot'dsn rfIXTJjEN WORDS 1/-. Adth-csHCS may bo i loft nt this Otter:. "\~\ nVNT.ED-~~V good General Sorvaut V V for the Country.—Appiy " Mail", i iOiiicc. 0^145 ! \\rANTED Known.— For first-class j VV ■MiUineryar.d Drapery (marked ! chfi-ip) fr O to Molford Hou«e. New Go ;d» i just opinicd.—H. C. Si«:e»w. D' TCESSCUTTING and fitting taughs : Indies mid c'u .drcn'a drusses cut out ready for uwkiii!: »'!>• Apprentices wanted.— Mat* Kk:vxhov "ml Mi.-is Camkrox, dressmaker*, Moore Street. ■Q^lF'TiwiirCougli—Flower's Cough Cj) Drops aro the bent—hoc that the | name is stamped on every on?. TI. G, I Flower, Confectioner, Ifont street. T")OOTS, BOOTH. "Keep your feet l 3 Dry and .''Jive Doctor* Bills, harts a «plendid Stock m now. Try tiy Doublo-solod Shooters. Every pair Guaranteed. Hohkrt Alcoux, Asl-.bur ton Clotliiut' Mart, Saundors' ]>uildint'?t. T 47"ANTED Known. - ForDrcssStutts, W Prints, &c. , Trimmings to match go to Mclford House. Bent value m town. —H. C.. Seoer.l. WANTED every man m the County to have a suit of the Aahburton Twonda. —lloukut Aluoux, AsJiburton Clothing Mart, Sannder's Buildings. ANTED Known".—For Sheetings" Tablinga, Calicoes, Quilts, Towuls, Table Napkins, Tray Clotlis, D'Oyleys, itc, go to MelfoivlHou.se.—H. C. Se«brs. "V\? ANTED Known" Th* Choapo-t > ' Shop to buy Tinwa.ro and <.tal -i-ani«od Iron goods m Ashlitirton, i« nt \V. F. Haxnafoiu>'.s Burnett Street. A argc s!:ock kept on hand. Tin and Tion ware jjnodr, made and ref wired with '"cs p'vtch, DARKEST AFRICA, cheap edition, now arrived. Fir.-it sup[>iy limited. New Books, New Stalioncry, New Fancy Goods and NoTclfcies all at reduced prices. Large assortment of New Munio of every dscscription. Pianon on hire and for (vile on terms. Orders received for Book binding of every kind.—L. F. Ankkuwks & Co. > rufaUc Not;cea V- OTICE.— Anyone found Tress- passing m pursuit of ffaire or otherwise on die Hivorsdale Estate on and after this date will be prosecuted. .1.11. WILLIAMS. River dite, 21th May 76 <C. TJiorntou Duello >' AND, ESTATE AM) STOCK AGE N'T 101 Hereford Street, Christchuroli I lrave sums of '" noy to lend on jjcvl Rocurity at low rates of interest. Sovjral Farms for Sale £20 REWARD. "T'N consequence of the amount of Poach- JL ing going on m the Creeks ou the Lagmhor Estate, the above reward will he paid to anyone giving information that will lead to a conviction. I From this date No One will b <■. j»>:;r mitted to FISH m the Creeks on the Estate. DONALD McLEAN. Lngnvh st April, 1889. SPECUL_NOTICR CALL AND Sl'/F, THE GRANTD DISPLAY Oi'" 1 BOYS 1 YOUTHS', AND MEN A CLOTHING MERCERY, HDSIETIY, BLANKETS, KUGS, FLANNEL, HATS, AND CAPS, Arc. T^IIE la-n>ft.s!; a?id best a.«.;orted Stock m 1 thn District to selec'.". from, which fur Value, Variety, jind exeullunco of M.mu acture, we .stand u:iriv;il.li:d. MKARUR V, TV KPARTMENT.S KAS Vll X ly EPAKTM E NTS NEW TWEEDS AND COATINGS For the approaching Season To Hand. SOIiE AGENTS for Wertheim's latest and improved HAND and TREA DLE SEWING MACHINES. NEW Z E A J A N D CLOTHING FACTORY W. H WEBBER, Manager Tames baker, TIMBER MERCHANT, HAVELOCK STREET, Opposite Hakmsoj? a Auction* Mart, TTAS IN STOCK Large Supplies of— Building Timber, Stakes and Ponts, Gnlvnniscd Corrugated Iron, Builders Ironmongery, Turnory, Furniture, and Fancy (?oods IN ENDLESS VARIETY. FURNITURE MADE TO ORDER IN ABiY DESIGN AT SHORTEST NOTICE. 9 Reliable Seeds, GENUINE Farm Seeds for sale at J. SEALY& CO.'S. Genuine Garden Seeds at J. SEALY •fc CO. S. Genuine Flower Seeds at J. SEALY & CO.'S. Blue Prussian P«w at J. SEALY & CO.'S. Golden Tares ut J. SEALY & CO.'S. New Turnip Seocs at J. SEALY .t CO.'S. Farm Seeds at.T. SEALY & CO. S. None bu!; Cvrtkr ano Co.'.s choice. Seeds m stock ! J. M3ALY&CO; <



TO SHEEP OWNERS. : SHEEP owners arc reminded tli.it. all Sheep Rates muat bo paid by oOlh Sc] item her, 1890 9 131 '(Sgncl.) B. FO^TKR. TfooZ. IT'ooZ T^oo? -T- IBTttIAL CASH ADVANCES JU M.ule on tlic ensuing WOOL CLIPS At tlio Lows". Current Hates of Intercut. qeoiigeHmeson, Ashburtoii and Bakaio. SEEDS- SEEDS. VEGETABLE SEEDS. EARLY SEED POTATOES,— Including « THE BEAUTY OF BATH," "Which last season produced on Mr Doiiuim'y'.i land, Tiuwald, the enormous yield of some thing over SEVENTEEN TONS PER ACRE. T FIFTY POUNDS (-lOllw) of "The Benufcv of Bath" Seed produced THIRTEEN and THREE-QUARTER BAGS of .Superb Potatoes. A. W. RAN DELL FRUITGROWER, &c, ASHBIT RTO N. 839 C\ M* JiiiOOK'K CHE M I S T, E AST S T R35 E T A S H B U II TON 'ORJ^CHIBES For COUGHS, COLDS, RHEUMATISM, SKIN DISEASES, a:it> Other Minor Ailment a BROOKE'S ANTIBILIOUB PILLS, Is Per Box, Is the best all round F«n;tfy Medicine. FIRST DISPLAY OF Spring Goods \ N RE W f\ R R Andruw yjun TS now allowing a Beautiful Selection of MILLTNERY, MA NTLES, PRINTS, G INC HAMS, NEW DRESS GOODS BEIGE'S FRENCH CHECKS, RIBBONS, FLOWERS, ETC. 2 CASES of Ladies' French BOOTS and SHOES Direct from France. ANDREW ORR. THE FARMERS:' CO-OPERATIVE FIRE AND MA.RINE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION OF CANTERBURY, LIMITED. (To be registered under " The Companies Act, 1882.") —ABRIDGED PROSPECTUS — CAPITAL £100.000, Divided into 20,000 Shares at £5 each, Payable as follows : — Ten Shillings per share on application, Twenty Shillings per share on allotment, Twenty Shillings per share m one month, if required. Balance, if re quired, by calls of Five Shillings per share at intervals of not less than three months. Provisional Dibectoks, Messrs S. Bailey* W. Boas**, F. H. Brittfin*, M. S. Campbell*, J. Campbell!, C. Ensor*, -L Gamniack*, .1. Grij.% J. Gough*, J. Haydon*, J. Hardiet, h. L. Hi«"inn*, W. Hendorson* R, B. Holds worth*, J. J. Horrick*, W. 1?. Howellr, A. B. Inwood* J Kellfindt, D. M'Millan*. F. D. S. Neavo*, A. Par sons* J. PttSf'ct, H. W. Petyrann* .1. Bennie*, R. H. Rhodest, E. P. Scaly* J. Tnlbott, J. Wilpont. * Directors of the N.Z. Farmers Co operative Association of Canterbury, Limited. Chrrstchurch. + Directors of the Canterbury Farmers' Co-operative Association, Tiniaru. Bankers; Bank of New Zealand. Christchurch ; National Bank, Tima.ru. Solicitors : Harper and Co., Christ church. Secretary, pro tern : A.ll. Tumi mil. Applications for share must be made upon a form to be obtained from the Secretary pro tetn., at the offices of the New Zealand Farmers' Co-operative As sociation at Christchurch, or from the Canterbury Farmers' Co-oporah've As ss«ciation at Tiuiant, and must be for warded to cit of the above addresses, together with the.amount payable on ap plication. Where the number of shares allotted is less than the number applied for the surplus monoy forwarded will be credited m reduction of the amount pity able on allotment Copies of the proposed Memorandum find Articles of Association may be in spected at either of the above-mentioned offices or at the offices of the Solicitors o the Association at Clii-istchurch! Applications for shares will be received up to and including Wednesday, the IJOtli jlay of September ne* • B*l4 (,