The Ashburton Guardian. Magna et Veritas et Paævalebit. FRIDAY, AUGUST 20, 1890.

In our article yesterday on the Aus tra*i*>r strikes and their probable effect on New Zealand, we stated that this colony was n<£ largely dependant upon Australia for u»poi',te f and that there fore the sudden fctoppa^e of inter colonial traffics would notafteot tlidprj.ee of actual necessities m New Zealand. We find, however, ©» » more careful examination, of trade M&tlsWf/tf that Australian imports to New Zeaiiuiui reach the annual value of .£1,177,006, ■while New Zealand exports to Aus tralia aye £1,500,000, showing au .•ipprtt^jfr balance against tlie colony of £27,000. T/?.e imports from Australia to New Zealand #*y? principally tran shipments of tea and ®$$!-V, the only local products being wine iu^J /ml. If mm Australia Aye annually -impw^/ 1.Q8J,4^/ .of tea, and 580,000 cwt of sugar. These .a-ii^jles, as we have al muly remarked, urn .w^-^ly tranship fmwM 'U!f' Very Httl ; e,«li:fficu% wj}l he €xpeiie«*9«»i m «lbt»iiiing .them dit^ot from the ooaatiio* where they are pro duced. Australia*, wiiys and coal, the oitißi- articka of import frow 4-^stralia, are not actual ntMuamiiea —ithe ,Qif,a i& a luxury, and the other au article of import which conies to the colony 1 principally as ballast. Our own coal,"

fields and lignite pits are fully equal to any ordinary or extraordinary de mand that, may be.made upon them, and should the coalminers not be called out by the Maritime Council, New Zealanders will not feel any great in convenience through the stoppage of trade with Australia so far as imports are concerned. Oa the other hand the? sudden partial stoppage of exports that has now occurred is a most serious matter to the colony. Exports to Australia from New Zealand are all the products of the colony, and the £1,500,000 annually received from this source represents the monsy paid to the New Zealand farmer for the produce of his fields and his dairy. The monetary value of wheat and oata exported to Australia annually is £365,357; barley, £14,290; coal, £24,000; butter, £76,753 ; bran and sharps, £43,960; bacon and hams. £13,187 ; chaff, £3468 ; beer, Jllsß ; dried, pickled, and salted fish, £4117 ; flour, to New South Wales alone, £38,000. Thus it will be seen that the loss to the farmers of the colony by any unusual interference with the shipping trade will be most disastrous; and should the present tension be long-con tinued will result m the total failure of many who have now as much as they can do to keep their heads above water, even with the Australian markets open. The farmer's cry is therefore " a plague o' both your houses," so far as the present Maritime Council is concerned, and there are rumors already m the air that, should the masters and men not speedily come to terms, cablegrams will be de spatched to American shipping com panies, with or without American crews, to take up the intercolonial running, and carry the New Zealand farmer's perishable goods to the Aus tralian markets. The merits and de merits of the quarrel between the shipping companies and their employees are gradually becoming obscured by the more important consideration that trade is being seriously disturbed by the mutual perversness of the contend ing parties, who are- causing wide spread disaster amongst the industrial population of New Zealand.

LOCAL AND GENERAL

It is estimated that 90,000 pianofortes are manufactured every year m London. Hawkes Bay is the potato-land of N«w Zealand this year, the exports and orders booked for shipment to the end of this month totaling 85,500 sacks. According to the census of 10 years ago the foreign-born population m New York was then 478,670. This year it is computed to be 675,000. The health of the once beautiful Empress of Austria has been completely shattered by the tragical death of her son ; she is ageing rapidly, is a martyr to rheumatism, and is no\r leading a secluded life at Wiesbaden. The last issue of the " Americau News paper Directory " avers that no fewer than 767 German newspapers are published m the United States and Canada. Of these 91 are issued daily and 585 weekly. An African craze prevails m Germany The Foreign Office is flooded with applica tions, largely from army officers, but includ ing all sortsi ot people, asking for Govern ment employment m Africa. Mra Stanley, or the late Miss Dorothy Teunant, is said to be directly descended from Oliver Cromwell, and from her earliest years—so runs the gossip of the hour—-she announced her intention of never marrying any man who had not made a, name m the world. The municipality of Berlin has asked per mission of the Emperor to open a public subscription for the erection of a statue m memory of his father, but the authorisation has been refused on the ground that it ia Hits Majesty's intention to erect such a memorial at his own cost. In the ririddle of June last, the city of KJiarkoff, one of the most populous and im portant m Central Russia, was suffering troiji a water fannnc for eight days. None wan available for baths m the hospital, nor for the extinction of fifes, and the precious fluid being was sold m the streets by the quart for drinking purposes. A man named Mark Cole, a wharf crane driver, was hurt on the Timaru wharf at 2 p.m. yesterday while loading theOolae. He was jammed by a truck against the mooring piles and had both bones of the right arm , broken, the little finger of his left hand crushed, and a flesh wound inflicted inside the right thigh. The Hungarian Chamber of Deputies has refused by 219 votes against B0 to restore to the venerable patriot, Louis Koamith, his rights as a citizen. It the course of the debate M. Tisza mentioned that he was of the same opinion on the subject as the Emperor, who declared last autumn that m his eyes Kossuth had continued to retain the position of a Hungarian citizen. The Newcastle coal-mine owners intend to "boycott" the steamer Jubilee should she continue running m the intercolonial trade during the present labor find capital crisis. The Ellis steamers are run m accordance with the Maritime Council rules and regula tions, and are at present reaping a plentiful harvest, having more cargo than can be taken away on each trip. The dispute between Mr Stead and the Northern owners and the Dunedin jockey Club, has boon amicably and honourably settled, and the coinniijb'fciee of the Dunedin Jockey Club have withdraivn the notice to the handicapper to resign or conimenue an action against Mr Stead. Mr Stead lias withdrawn the imputations made against the committee and against the handicapper. Major Merighi, who served with dis junction as an officer m the army of Gari baldi, lis.s committed suicide at Milan. To those who w**i'<; drawn to his side by the report of the revolver with which he destroyed himself his hat words were these : —"I kill myself m order not to reveal a .secret which was known only to Cavor, yktot Rjniriaimel, and myself, and which I have been pleased to divulge." The We'sterfjeld homestead originally th c property of the late' if r Charles Reed, ha s a,ußj6 changed hands. Mr p. Thomas as ag«'nt' UiV Ml' iEfawdo'n,' 'to'"whom i 4 has recently belonged, Jias sold it' to Messrs Todhuntup and Mr Dowdjijg. The property m 2;l(K> acres m extent, adjoins the Hon. J. McLean's Lagmohr estate, and is about ten miles from Ashburton. The price paid has not transpired, but it is understood to be m the neighborhood of £20,000. The Auckland Charitable Aid Board has jus«t adopted the system of sending lists of their p^^.feV* f° the local bodies of the districts)' VfeeuV,? Ifye &4<} proteges hail. The comments pf some memftprs '■'s ibo local jtyo/djps'.on perusing the '"little list." ha-v^ •beqn iuv*,v .emphatic than polite. "" What) that w.oman on the ration 1 list ; why she' is better off than my wi<jj.! " ,jaid one. " That fellow on the'ra.fcLo i v list'; why he is living on his freehold property," saidapo^her It is intended to celebrate the centenary of Lamartine's birth at Macon, hifl Jiata-1 place, on the 2lstOctober next, by a success sion of brilliant fetes. Gounod is composing fy> oratorio for the occasion, and Einilo uuiri*e*i> .La^ Hftt'itten the words and music for a hynHh 'J'ljfew ,i!'in bp a competition for the" host eulogy on'tlje Av/^.l^ poet a»d orator; this; will he publicly' park aj^l (Jm writer crowned with a 1 wreath' of jkuirei ailtl presented with a gold medal. ' Soiiie of the .i».oas menibera of the French 'Aeadeiny wjli i^c part m the proceedings, and"thei-e will be% ttx^j.ct as A 'matter of course ; Lamartine's diaiii'ai)!: '•'■'jiVw^suuit /■puvertuse" will be performed at the Icfcal i t|iea l t,re by the company of the Theatre ! vocalists from the Grand Opera ■ $££ {,9 l^ke part tv the musical entertain* lueut.

The police force has been largely re-in forced at port Lyttelton, and several special constables have been engaged to preserve order m case of emergency. IVA meeting ot tlie Ashburton m-anch ot the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants will be held at the Templar Hall, Wakanui road, on Saturday next, Mr C. A. Rae, delegate from the Central Committee, will bo present and address the members. An advertisement from the railway depart ment m another column announces the changes to be made m the train services, con sequent on the shortage of coal and the diminished general traffic caused by the labor troubles. It will be seen that from Ist September the 7.20 a.m. train from Ash burton to Christchurch and th« 4.15 p.m. train from Chrfetchurch to Ashburton will only run on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. The eleven o'clock train from Ashburton to Christclmirch will be with drawn altogether. On the Methveu line the morning train from Methven to Rakaia will only run on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, the train back to Methven will run on four days of the week, Tuesday being added to the three days already mentioned. The morning train from Rakaia to Methven on Tuesdays has been withdrawn, but the 3.10 p m. train from Methven to Rakaia on Tuesdays will run as usual. A Wellington telegram to a contemporary says that the strike has materially affected prices for stores and groceries. " Talking over the matter with a leading merchant this evening, he informed me that hia town deliveries to-day were larger than on any clay during the past sixteen years. The following leading lines will give some idea of the effect the present trouble is having on articles of daily consumption. Rice within the last two days has advanced £2 per ton. Flour which opened this (Wednesday) morn ing at £10 10s, closed at night at £13. Oat meal lias advanced from £10 to £11 10s, and granulated sugar has gone up £2 per ton. Kerosene is firming, and may now be quoted at Is 9d for 150 test oil. Stocks of Auckland sugars are comparatively light just now, but it is understood that shipments a"c on their way per Waihora. A large stock of teas are m the market, and prices are not likely to be materially affected. Potatoes have, howaver, gene «p with a bound, and are realising nearly double what they were last week. Three of the leading firms, Messrs Johnston and Co., Levin and Co., and Turn bull and Co., have given most of their hands a week's notice, as they find it would be difficult to keep their businesses going with the uncertainty of being able to get supplies from other ports and Australia. When to this is addecf that coal is rapidly advancing towards faminejprices, it is evident that the laboring clas»es have a very dismal outlook before them."| Lord Dysart. who comes into £200,000 worth of New Zealand property when he is thirty-five, has just had a welcome home to the Ham estates. It was a great event m the villages of Ham and Petersham, for Ham House has not been the residence of the holder of the title for many years past. In fact, the great house had got into such a state of dilapidation that it has taken two years to get it into good repair, only the interest of the mony being used. Lord Dysart, who is severely afflicted, had two addresses given to him—one from Petersham, the other from the tenants and parishioners of Ham. To both the Earl briefly returned thanks. Lord Dysart entered Hani House by the avenue that is called the "Melancholy Walk," through tee legendary gates, which are only opened once m a lifetime of each Earl. It was through these gates that Charles 11., on an emergency, passed to es cape from the Roundheads. There were great festivities m tha evening for Ihe ten ants and villagers on the old fashioned "lawn, and a dinner m the hall for those of higher social degree. Lord Dysart ia a Radical of the Radicals m politics. He does not wire for society, but he is passionately foul of music. The Hon. Algernon Tollemacho, who at one time was a squatter m New Zealand and is grand uncle to the youg Ear!, has now left Ham House, m a portion of which lie resided, and is' living at Wick House, ad joining on the Terrace at Richmond, At the annual dinner of the London Chamber of Commerce, held on April 30th, Mr Goschen made a speech on fitiahcj, m which the followiug passage occurs:—"l cannot say—whatever my hopes may be— how your admirable efforts after a! Labor Conciliation Board may .succeed. But that they may succeeed, ami bring about such accommodations between capital and labor as the best well-wishers of the country may desire must be the heartfelt wish of every friend of his country. We cannot exaggerate the disasters to all portions of the commu nity from these interregnums of activity which occasionally take place, Tlio.se who know this question best will consider that the interests of labor and capital are not an tagonistic. To a great extent they have a common foundation; and when I hear speeches made about the falling oft' of our commerce and the dimunition of our exports, I some times wish that I had a mass meeting of working men before me, to whom I could say, ' Look at our. competitors, and »cc whether m the face of this competition capital and labor ought not to make friends m this country.' Fancy, if capital should make labor sluggish or discontented from paying an insufficient wage ! Fancy, if labor should frighten capital by exacting more than capital can afford ! Whichever party presses this matter too far —and it may be pressed too far on either side—on that party resta the responsibility of iinperrilling the commerce and industry of this country, Your efforts, whether they be successful or not, are worthy at least of the consideration of all men who wish f°r tne peaceable, pro gressive course of our commerce and industry, with a' fair and equitable division of profit between the man who has the money and the man who has the hand and works."

THE PENNY POST.

[contributed.] The 27th of August just past has sug gested this article. On that day m the year 1875 there passed from earth one of the most successful reformers of this great century of reform—Sir Rowland Hill, the initiator of the system of penny postage m Great Britain. To the art of printing has been attributed the spread of educa tion, the intellectual elevation of the masses by the dissemination among them of cheap literature. True, much of the improved civilisation of to-day is owing to the art of printing and a free press ; but without the cheap system of postage, the plan of which was conceived and carried out by Sir Rowland Hill, there would still have been fetters upon the spread of literature and the wings of the morning and evening Mercuries would have been far less free than they are to day. The idea of Sir Rowland, out of which so much has grown, no doubt helped m a great measure to develop many of the great changes that have taken place during the century, as well as to foster into the almost perfection they have now reached, many of the greatest and grandest inventions of the age. Enjoying the advantages of the tre [ mendous—the word is not too strong— | postal systems of the world of to-day, one may be forgiven for recalling the memory and shortly recounting the life and work of the man who laid the foundation of them all. He died as has been already said on the 27th of August, 1879, with his life's work fully accomplished, not a sapling cut down before seeing the bloom of maturity, but an old man full of years and honors, who had reached and over stepped the term of life allotted to man, and who when they had to say of him " Lay him down, his work is done, Vain for him ii friend or foemui, Rise of moon or «et of sun, Hand of man, or kiss of woman, had reached the ripe age of 85. The old man died from no disease that could be specified, but simply from that decay of vital energy that inevitably accompanies the approach of age. The postal reformer was born at Kidderminster m 1795. and was thus at his death one of the then few, now fewer still, public celebrities whose memories could connect the eighteenth with the nineteenth century. Up to the age of 38, but little had been heard of Rowland Hill. He had been plodding on i as a mathematical teacher m a Birmingham sohool under the superintendency of his father. 111-health compelled him to re linquish scholastic duties, and shortly after he became Secretary to the Royal Commission for the colonisation of South Australia. For some time after this he devoted himself fco many useful works, and while m connection with the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, his attention was turned to the great question of postal reform, with the solu tion of which his name has been so closely associated, and which has immortalised him m the history of his country's pro gross. Like all reformers, Mr Hill had to meet a strong opposition m his endeavors to introduce a cheaper and more extensive system of postal communication m the country, and for daring to find fault with the English Post Office he was un hesitatingly set down as a meddler m other people's matters, and a man whose meddling could not arise out of anything but crass ignorance and oVer woening self-conceit. But this condemna tion came from those who were connected with fclib postal department, and not from the great body of people whose interests the reforms aimed at were calculated to serve. When Sir Rowland set himself the task of bringing about what has re united m the present penny postal system, the cost of letter communication was .something formidable. The postage on a letter from England to Scotland was the now fashionable patent medicine price of Is l^d, and every separate sheet, or part of a sheet, no matter what its nature, had to pay another thirteen pence halfpenny. The high price of postage, however, was not so much the evil Sir Rowland, then Mr, Hill aimed at removing. During two decades, the revenue from the Post Office had not risen, and Rowland Hill was quite satisfied that lie knew a plan not only for increasing the revenue from the legitimate business of the Post Office but also from drawing revenue from a class of people who had never hitherto used the Post Office nt all, simply because of the exorbitant charges made. Perhaps the most objectionable because grossly unjust feature of the old postal regime was the system of franking—a privilege enjoyed by the members of Parliament and the Government officers, and this privilege was grossly abused and not infrequently traded on with a view to making profit. Readers who are ac quainted with the writings of Sir Walter Scott -will remember one instance at least m which the greatest romancer of his time—and indeed of any time— makes one of his characters remind a correspondent of the wisdom of "saving the frank," with a view to its doing duty another time, and this system of petty fraud was m full swing when Mr Rowland Hall began his crusade of reform. Regarding Sir Walker Scott's writing, it may be mentioned, by the way, that he attributed his terribly small manuscript to the necessity that existed for crowding as much matter as possible upon a single sheet to save the high postage that would accrue upon a " double letter." Letters were often sent, too, m parcels by the hands of travellers, and by merchants' conveyances, co that seldom indeed could the poor man unable to afford the postal charge, have an opportunity of communi cating with a distant relative. What has boen roughly outlined above was the state of affairs when Mr Rowland Hill initiated the successful movement which made him famous. Looking into the working of the then postal system he found that the smallest cost of the whole working was m the transit of the mai bags from place to place—and that, too, m the days of mail coaches. It was the collection and delivery of letters that : piled up the excessive costs. The re former had great difficulty m inducing Government to take his' scheme into consideration, but when they did so they found that this was what he meant to do. iHe would discard altogether the idea of payment by enclosures, and substitute the system now m use—charging by weight only irrespective of distancecarried, thus giving a uniform fee for letters of a uniform weight. Prepayment was enforced, so that it was no longer possible for a correspondent to post a letter with a few hieroglyphics written outside, understood only by the person to whom the letter was addressed ; have the letter forwarded, the hieroglyphics read by the proper person, and then the letter rejected by the latter and thrown back upon the hands of the post office officials. This was a common occurrence while the deliverers continued to collect the postal fee. Franking was abolished, except on Government service. The first reduction effected was from the 1 higlv sums charged to a uniform price of fourpence. With the fourpenny postage came m also the adhesive stamp, relieving the officers of the duty of collecting fees. This gleW. reduction took place m 1839, and marked was the success attending it, so wide the increase of business dur ing the short time the fee was at four pence, that m 1840 the final fall to a penny was accomplished, and one of the grandest institutions of modern times was for ever established. Throughout the ij]fylHae4 fvnti Gprpegponding world Sir Rowland Hill's cheap system of inland postage has been adopted, but the follow ing figures show the real change it brought about m Great Britain. In 1839, 7<>,OOO,OQG letters upon which 1 a price

could be chargad were delivered m Great Britain. Sir Rowland Hill lived to see the statistics of 1878 published, and to compare the figures of that year with with those of 1839. What were they'? Nothing less than 1,528,000,000. Had he lived another ten years he would have beon able to note a still greater increase, and to further note the fact that mails to and from Great Britain are carried by direct steamer to and from her colonies m the Pacific—m fact, from the other side of the world—and that efforts are being made to reduce the fee, of ocean-borne correspondence to a nominal figure, The revenue fell somewhat after Sir Row land's first reduction, but it rapidly rose again, and the year before he died it was double what was obtained m 1838* But the benefits secured are far more than a money value. They are of a social and moral nature, and the whole world has shared m them. Out of Sir Rowland's great work have come the postal tele graphs, the parcel posts, and what not. The post office has been made use of as i* bank,and the money order and postal note systems supply a cheap and easy means of transmitting money, while the post office savings bank has been a world of good to many. Sir Rowland Hill had opposition to contend with, but he triumphed over it all, and he was one of the few public benefactors who reaped a well-earned reward for labors done m the public interest. From an article that appeared m one of the London papers at the time of his death the following account of how I he fared at the hands of his country is jculed:—wTo overlook the working of the new arrangements he had received the appointment of Postal Superintendent from the Liberal Government. In 1841 Sir Robert Peel and the Tories came into power, and m the following year Mr Hill was informed that his services would no longer be required. The public, how ever, resolved that the author of* the peniiy postage should npt. suffer from official ingratitude, and presented him m 1846 with a magnificent testimonial of the value of £13,360. In the same year he was appointed Secretary to the Post master-General. In 1853 he was pro moted to the Secretaryship of the 1?ost Office, which he retained until 1864, when he retired, having been decorated four years previously with the order of Knight Commander of the, Bath. On his retirement he was awarded for life £2000 per annum, a Parliamentary grant of £20,000, and various honors of a high class." •?, J.M.D.

CORRESPONDENCE.

[We do not hold ourselves responsible for the •pinions expressed by our correspondents.]

THE APPROACHING ELECTIONS.

TO THE EDITOR. Sir,—ln view of the approaching general election, I think it is quite time that the working men of the Ashburton electorate bestirred themselves m the direction of forming an Electoral Associa tion. As the next Parliament of New Zealand will have to deal with questions of the moat vital importance to working men, it behoves them to make a move m the matter without delay. I wc|uld suggest that steps be taken at once to ball a meeting of those interested, and they could then determine upon what coiirse to pursue. Thanking you m anticipation— I am etc., : Electoe. Ashburton, August 28th, 1890. ;

ODDFELLOWS' HALL.

TO THE KDIXOR. Sik, —Allow me to inform Mr Elston that the churches, chapels, and other public buildings m Ashburton use the name gas that is used m the Oddfellows' Hall. The Oddfellows' Hall is so deficient of light that it is impossible for me to read a hymn book or a programme, but in-the other'places, mentioned above, I have no difficulty m following the hymns, or eVen programmes. This is not the first time that there has been complaint about ibhe lighting of the Hall.—lam, etc., ', Gas.

Proposed Side School at Alford Forest.

On Tuesday last a meeting was held; m the Springfield schoolroom to confer with Mr E. G. Wright, Commissioner from the Education Board, on the above subject and others. Mr N. Ohlsen occupied the chair. ' ; The other subjects were questions of boundaries, which were soon disposed; of. Then came the question, whether the people wished a Side School, and to this a decidedly affirmative answer was given. I It was suggested that the difficulty might be lessened, if not completely met, by,re moving the Alford Forest School further to the south, but this did not find much I favor with those present, though it would place the school more m the centre of the children of that district than where it is now. The objections of the Springbtirn people to a Side School were that bbth the schools would be weakened by it, and that it would be a waste of public money. It was also pointed out that the present schools of Springburn and Alford Forest were only five miles from each other, and that very few children were so far as three miles from the nearer of the two. The meeting was then consulted as to a site, if the Side School should be allowed, and after some discussion the resolution was m favor of a site at the junction; of the roads at the boundary of the two dis tricts. After various details had been supplied to Mr Wright the meeting closed.

Henry Greorgre on Strikes.

Henry George, m "Progress and Poverty," utters a warning against strikes. In a section of a chapter devoted to a consideration of the possibility of raising wages by combinations of workmen, he admits, that wages m particular occupa tions can'be advanced by combination; of the workers, but declares that the good that can be accomplished is limited, and can hardly be lasting. " The only way by which wages could be raised to an extent, and with any permanence, by this Method (combination) would be by- a general combination, such as was aimed at by the Internationals, which should in clude labourers of all kinds. But such a combination may be set down as practi oally impossible. . . ." Mr George concludes his remarks on this subject as follows: "And, besides the practical difficulties m the plan of forcing by endurance an increase of wages, there are m such methods inherent dis advantages which working men should not blink. I speak without prejudice, for I am still an honorary member of a union which, while working at my trade, I always loyally supported. But see— the hiethods by which a trade union Gan alone' act are necessarily destructive ; its organisation is necessarily tyrannical, ; A strike, which is the only resource by which a trade union can •nforce its de mands, is a destructive contest—just such a contest as that to which an eccentric, called the 'Money King' once, m the early days of San Francisco, challenged a man who had taunted him with meanness, that they should go down to the wharf and alternately t«sa twenty-doJlar ; pieces into the bay until one gave m. TJie struggle for endurance involved iii a strike' is, really, what it has often been cwn-' pared to,—a w»r; and, like a war,

lessens wealth. And the organisation for it must, like the organisation for war, be tyrannical. As even the man who would fight for freedom must, when he enters an army, give up his personal freedom and become a mere part of a great machine, w) must it be with workmen who organise for a strike. These combinations are, therefore, necessarily destructive of the very things which workmen seek to gain through them—wealth and freedom. There is an ancient Hindoo mode of compelling the payment of a just debt, traces of something akin to which Sir Henry Maine has found m the l«ws of the Irish Brehons. It is called 'sitting dharna'—the creditor seeking enforce ment of his debt by sitting down at the door of the debtor, and refusing to eat or drink till he is paid. Like this is the method of labour combinations. In their strikes, trade unions 'sit dharna.' But, unlike the Hindoo, they have not the power of superstition to,back them."

Second Edition LABOR, QUESTIONS.

[per press association] Sydney, August 29. With "regard to the suggestion that an open conference should be held, the owners express a willingness to meet m a business way, and come to a fair business understanding, but they em phatically state that no understanding can possibly be arrived at until the officers entirely disassociate themselves from all labor organisations. The shipowners say they are perfectly willing to meet the officers and discuss matters m a fair manner, but it must be the officers only who are to be dealt with m the matter. Other grievances must be considered separately. A second detachment of artillery, with two Nordenfeldt guns, has been despatched to Newcastle. A Protection of Laborers Bill has been introduced into the* Legislative Council. It will afford protection to those non-Unionists who have work to perform. Adelaide, August 29. In the House of Assembly notice of motion has been given, suggesting a conference of delegates of the Austra lian Legislatures, to consider the intro-. duction of a uniform measure to con trol the trade and labor organisations, and provide Boards of Conciliation^ Melbourne, August 29. Owing to the shortness of coal the Railway Commissioners have deter mined to reduce the train service, and passenger trains will be cut down by one-fourth. [Received August 29, at noon.] ' London, August 28. The Australian strike is creating a great deal of excitement. Unionists and members of the Dockers Union ar« eager to offer every assistance^ m4ny intimating their desire to contribute, oik) shilling per day. ...,,,, : The " Morning Post," m discussing the question, states that it is manifest the Trade Unionists of Australia ar rogate to themselves the right to decide who shall be employed. It Avas, how ever, satisfactory to learn that em ployers m the colonies had laid to heart the lesson which British owners had yet to learn--" That of standing firm." The " Standard " hopes that demo cratic Australia will prevent mob rule, and believes that Australian workmen are strongly m favor of individual liberty.

UNION OF EMPLOYEES.

. . Wellington, August 29. A full meeting of the Committee of jblie Employers Association, which is m course of formation here, was held yesterday. Business was chiefly confined ,to the adoption of rules, which were framed on a broad basis, so as to include employers of every class, from the largest to the smallest. It was decided also to invite the co-operation of the Chambers' of Commerce .throughout the colony for the purpose of forming similar Associations, which should be affiliated. The opinion was unanimously held that labor unions woukbwelcome the formation of a repre sentative body of employers, with whom they could deal, and that the organisation of employers was the first step towards finding a via media out of the present disputes, which it was alleged, were injuring all classes of the community. , There is litt'e excitement on the wharves this morning, and very few vessels m port. The crew from the Takapuna. from Nelson, and Kanieri, from Blenheim, came out on arrival this morning. Both are manned with non- Union labor, and will sail this afternoon. The officers do not appear anxious to withdraw, and some assert will not do so ; unless shown that the majority are willing to do so. The wharf laborers are work ing as usual, b\it the secretary states; he has instructions to be on the alert'for instructions from Dunedin. The general opinion is that they will be called out directly. Business is seriously depressed.

DISUNION IN THE LABOR RANKS

Dunedin, August 29>. The officers of the Waihora, Hukaki, Mawhera, Mahhmpua, and Graf ton have refused to come out of the ships, and mean to remain loyal to their employers.

Ohristchuboh, August 29. About 400 persons went to port to-day by the 12.10 train. The Union Company engaged a number of hands to help to unload the boats. Fanners and their sons offered their Ser vices, while merchants and others were also m the train. About 800 persons were on the platform at Cjhristchurch to see them off, and there was a little groaning, buttio disturbance, The Union Company state they have, as much labor as they want to unload the vessels. " ..■■ I

Latest Cable News.

HOME AND FOREIGN.

[PER PRESS ASSOCIATION.] (Received August 29, 12.15 p.m.) THE ENGLISH HARVEST. ; London, August 28, Violent storms are injuring the harvest.

BROKEN HILL SILVER, MINES

The " Mnan,cial News/ referring to the proposed establishment of a London Board of the Broken Hill Proprietary Silver Mining Company, says that if the,, Company is as sound as alleged there is no necessity for a, Londdh office.

BANK OF NEW ZEALAND.

At the half-yearly meeting of the Bank of New Zealand to-day tfie Directors' report was adopted.

DISGRACEFUL SCENE.

Washington, August 28. Messrs; Wilson a^d Beck, with two

members of the Congress, became ex cited during a debate, and came to blows on the floor of the Chamber. Friends interposed, arid after the men had been separated, both apologised.

AUSTRALIAN.

(Received August 29, 12.45 p.m.) FEDERATION. Sydney, August 29. The debate of the Federation resolu tions has been resumed.

At ten,o'clock this .morning at Auckland the lumpers left the Waihora m a body. A fear is being expressed that the riaxfc move of the ]\l.M\<ime Labor Party will be to call out all 1 . i-oal miners throughout the colony. IL i.-, •/ o rumored that withm the nest thiri y- i: hours all the railway em ployees will go out on strike. It is to be hoped, however, before these ;de§perate measures are resorted to, that the*shipowners and men will come to terms, and thus avert the serious consequence that must follow.

INTERPROVINCIAL

Wellington, August 28. •!: ■ Afra meeting of Volunteer representa tives to-night, it was decided t» form a ShookagUbioh, .for'the purpose of en couraging rifle shooting. Dtoedin, August 28. The enquiry into the sanitary condition of the Hospital was continued to-day be fore Sir J. Hector and Mr E. H. Carew. Dr Batchelor was cross-examined at length by Mr Chapman, but, if anything he only made his evidence stronger. Mr .Justice Williams made an order to day on creditors' petition adjudicating John Dwyer, hotelkeeper, bankrupt. ..After borrowing £130 on a bijil of sale, he was"se*en on the wharf the same day just prior to the sailing of the Waihorm, but has not since been heard of. For disturbing the Salvation Army service a young mati named Robert Wilson was, to-day fined 40s. Frederick Remington and Henry Wil son, the menarrested for the Savings Bank robbery, were charged with the offence at the Police Court to-day. The case was reimanded. The Committee of the New Zealand Dairying Association met to-day, Mr T. Brydone presiding. Twelve factories intimated their intention of joining, and Mr Stevenson stated that he had ex plained the position to the Southland factories, and he thought they would see it was to their interest to join. Mr Brydone stated that the Association would be a benefit by getting a reduction oil charges, quicker despatch, and better attention. His Company had engaged a Danish butter expert for the Edendale Factory, and if lie turned out a success he would be glad to give the benefit of liis experience to other factories belong ing to the Association. He remarked that, having visited most of the factories ifi the North Island, he did not" think there was anything to learn from them. Their appliances were not so good as the Southern- factories. The best factory he saw was that of a Chinaman at Taranaki. It was deeidqd, as sufficient support was now given, "the Association should now be formed, and Mr Brydone'* appointment as President was confirmed. lNVEßCiLii4iifii, August 28. AfGore, Mr Rerell, R.M., dismissed a charge of embezzling a cheque for £351, preferred by Elsworth against his late partner, I. S. 'Simeon. The grievance which formed the; subject of the charge was that while Simson had a partnership cheque m his possession, he was con tinually asking Elsworth if it. had nofc come, to h&nd,and finally went to Dunedin, exchanged it for other of the' -firm's cheques, paid these into a trust account m his own namei and used some of the pro ceeds. He had, however, paid about ,£250 m settlement of the firm's accounts. The Resident Magistrate decided jthat, although Simson's conduct may have been injudicious, it did not amount to embezzlement. , A meeting of Civil Servants was held hqre to-night, bub the. Press w^re not invited, and nothing is yet known of the proceedings, which were m the direction of forming a, branch of the Association. A girl aged eight,, daughter, of Mrs Penfold, a hard working woman, was killed this afternoon at Roes' implement factory. Tile wqrkjs are/newly- erjected, and a portion is to be used as a flax dressirig shop. Into the'yard projected through the wall a shafting, from which the scutchers are to' be driven. The child got entangled with the shaft; how, is not known. A workman inside noticing the shaft making a peculiar noise went out, and found the body of the child, about eighteen feet from the shaft, fear fully mutilated, the limbs being broken* and the head crushed. Portions of the. clothing were round the shaft, which wast, bent by the occurrence.

Labor Questions

[PER PRESS; ASSOCIATION,]

THE AUSTRALIAN STRIKES.

[per pkess association.]

• London, . Augusts, 28. Shipowners are conferring about the Australian strikes, and merchants are iriuch alarmed. : • The Dockers' Union voted £1000 to assist the strikers, and will levy Is per week on all members. Some half million London Unionists have prof fered a shilling levy. Mr Tillett states they will be unable to strike m sympathy with the Austra lians until the agreement with the stevedores expires, but are eager to assist. The " Standard " hopes violence will be sternly repressed m Australia. Sydney, August 28. A " Gfazette " was issued to-day pro claiming that .stringent measures would be taken to maintain law, and afford complete security to persons, engaged m lawful callings. Several cases of ill-treatment of non union laborers occurred to-day. At on« wharf it was found necessary to domi cile the men on the wharf. A Committee of mediation, consist ing of influential gentleman not con nected with either side has been formed. They are reticent as to their inten tions, -.r.iin.i,; ■ ! Sev«n thousand colliers have been locked out at Newcastle. One of the rioters has been sentenced to seven days' imprisonment. Local freight* and potatoes Iwre risen SQO, per cent.., but dairy produce regains at ordinary prices, a& large supplier are coming m by rail. ADELAiDi.' J.ugaisfc 2S. Strike matters are quiet at. present. Ther» is no non-union labor available at Port Adelaide and strike funda »re coming m freely. MII.BOT7S,NK,! Al>gUSt 28. The gas strike has assumed a serious; aspect. So far, the non-unionists em ployed have not been capable of doing the work properly, and consequently the gas has been cut off m, the city during the day, thus causing, serious, inconvenience where it is used as motive; power. Street supply will be cut off on moonlight nights, and the Press, urge people to largely reduce domestic cqasurmotioß*.

THE ASHBtfRTON GtrABDIAN, FRIDAY, AUGUST 29, 1890.



Certainly the Most Effective MEDICINE m the world is SANDER and SONS 1 EUCALYPTI EXTRACT. Test its eminent powerful effects m Coughs, Colds, Influenza, etc. ; the relief is instantaneous. Thousands gave the most gratifying testimony. Read this certificate:—" 24th April, 1885 — Messrs Sander and Sons, —It is with the greatest of pleasure that I testify to the excellence qf yQur Eucalypti Extract. ifaving had infjainmatiqn of the bqne of the |eg, which came cm after a severe attack of low fever, I was attended by Dr. <J. Ispyd, who had madt strenuous effort}? to sar© iiiy leg, but without success, He found it necessary to amputate my limb. Having heard m the meantime of the wonderful cures worked by the Eucalypti Extract, I obtained a bottle, and the extract had not been applied more than an hour when I began to feel greatly relieved. After applying the extract every four hours for nine or ten days it was out of all danger. I would persuade all who may be effected with any such disease to give the Eucalypti Extract a trial, and I *i« convinced that they will find it the moat wonderful of medicines.—Yours, etc., E. J. Cubnow, Wattle street, Sand hurst. —(Advt.) £ tSeaF FORTY YEARS! The.v* ■ JLJf scrij. tion of a simple remedy, by which, a co^plefe cure of de/.tfness and noises h\ Ihe h«,ad at Forty Years' Bland ing has just been Qifogte'd,' will b,e .sent FREE tc anyone who applies to J, H, Nicholson, 175 William Street, Mel bourne. It will be m the recollection of the publi» that my collection of apples shown m Mr Clayton's shop m East street, being sixty-six varieties, and also those which took two first awards at the Dunedin Exhibition and various other places, was pronounced to be 1 t.ha Jiwgfjst and best ever shown m the Asli )nirtoh county. I would draw their atten• fciori m advertisement elsewhere. As only Work on .bliglit-pr'oof stocks than which no Other stocks can be 'reliei;} upon, the roots of my apple trees do not require to be washed 4je£GJ#'f>.Qnding (jut, Jatries porter, nursery mail, AlrentoH,-^^ ' • ' HoWjOWAv'a Ointment and Phi,s are the best, the cheapest, and the roost popular remedies. At all seasons and under all cir cumstances they may be used with safety and with the certainty of doing good. Eruptions', rashes, and all descriptions of skin diseases, sores, uiceratioi?s. anil burns arc j>rpf»cntly benefited and ultimately cured by ihainS' ljea}i f jg, soothing, and purifying medicaments. This ointment rubbed upon the abdomen checks all tendency to iwife tion of the bowels, and averts? dysentery and other disorders of the intestines. Pimple*, *btk>t,fthes, inflammations of the skin, muscular pains, neuralgic affections, and enlarged glands can be effectively overcome by usiiig j Hqlloway's remedies according to the "jn str^cbiona " acgompanyin^ each packet. ::'



Applications for share must be made upon a form tv be obtained from the Secretary pro tern., at the offices of the New Zealand Fanners' Co-oyouwtive As socinoion at Christchurch, or from the Canterbury Farmers' Co-operative As ssociation tit Timaru, and must be for warded to either of the above addresses, together with the amount payable on ap plication. Whore the number of shares allotted is less than the number applied fur the surplus money forwarded will bo credited m reduction of the amount pay able on allotment. Coyim- of the proposed Memorandum aiifl Articles f>f Association may be in spected at eithfci />£ the above-mentioned offices, or at the offices <jf" J;;//> Solicitors of the Association ut Chmtchutwk .Applications for shares will be receive^ up to and including Wednesday, the 30th day of September 8*144



I Wanted. CASH Advertisements under this heading not exceeding SIXTEEN WORDS 1/-. Addresses may be left at this Office. "ANTED a Plouulmm. Apply P. & D. Duncan before 2 p.m. To-morrow. 8 183 "TDOISON will be kid on my Section, JL Trevorton, after this date, August 29th.—Frank Stigley. 8 187 STOP That Cough—Flower's Cough Drops are thebest—see that the name is stamped on every one. H. G. Flower, Confectioner, East street. "ORESENTS. -If you want good value _i_ for money go to Melford House. Extra value now, being given away m presents. Everything marked cheap.— H. C. Seobrs. 'TT'aWfEd KNOWN— The Strong- V'V Wear Boot for Men, Women and Children can only be # had at W. H. COLLIER'S. OOTS, BOOTH.—" Keep your lee Dry and save Doctor's Bills. I have a splendid Stock m now. Try my Double-soled Shooters. Every pair Guaranteed. Robert Alcorn, Ashbur ton Clothinar Marb, Saunders' Buildings. W" ANTED Known.—For cheap Drapery, Millinery, Boots, Clothing, Ac., go to Melford House. Good substantial presents now giving away.—H. C. Segers. WANTED every man m the County to have a suit of the Ashburto Tweeds.—Robert Alcorn, Ashburton Clothing Mart, Saunder's Buildings. IjWERY Customer will receive a JOi handsome present by purchasing their Drapery. Millinery, Clothing, &c, at Melford House. Cheapest House m town for first-class Drapeiy.—H. C. Segkrs" T^", ANTED KNOWN.—A lot of V*' Ladies Cloth and Tweed Jackets, considerably under usual cost price.— W. H. Collier, "The Corner." W~ ANTED Known—The Cheapest Shop to buy Tinware and Gal vanised Iron goods m Ashburton, is at W. F. Hannaford's, Burnett Street. A arge stock kept on hand. Tin and Iron ware goods made and repaired with des patch i t-i . -Jj NOTICE.— Anyone found Tres passing m pursuit of game or otherwise on the Riversdale Estate on and after this date will be prosecuted. J. R. WILLIAMS. Riversdalo, 24th May 76 MRS S. TIM M~o" has removed from the Lyttellon Boarding House to those more commodi ous and central premises, Panama House, Where friends, old and new, will be wel comed Accommodation tor boarders a reduced rates. Meals prepared mMr Timm©'» wftll known Bfcvle. Meals per week, lla ; Board and lodg ings, 17s 6il ; one meal daily per week, 3 " (id CALEDONIAN SOCIETY. \M EMBERS are reminded that the iVJL next Inglcside Meeting will be held m the Oddfellows' Hall TO-NIGHT, the 29th hist, at 8 p.m. J. SEALY, B§lfll _ Hon. Sec. rSIHE FARMERS CO-OPERATIVE J_ FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION OF CANTERBURY, LIMITED. (To be registered under " The Companies Act, 1882.") —A BRIDGED PROS PECTUS.— CAPITAL £100,000, Divided into 20,000 Shares sit £'5 each, Payable us follows : — Ten Shillings per share on application, Tvrenly Shillings per share on allotment, Twenty Shillings per share m one month, if required. Balance, if re quired, by calls of Five Shilling?? pur .share at intervals of not lews thai;, three mouths. Provisional Director*. Messrs S. Bailey*. W. Bong*, F, H. Brittan*, M. S. Campbell*, J. Campbell!, C. Ensoi I*, J. Gammack*, J. Grigg, J. Gou"h*, J. Haydon*, J. Hardiet, It. L. HUftins*, W. Henderson* 11. B. Holds worth*, J. J. Herrbk* W. B. Howollt, A. B. Inwuod*, J. Kellandt, D. M'Milliui*, F D. S. Nearo*, A. Par sons*, J. Pnu'ct, H. W. Peryman*, 4, Bonnie*, R. "H. Rhodest, E. P. Senly*, J. Talbott, J. Wilsout. * Directors of the N.Z. Farmers Co operative Association of Canterbury, Limited, Christchurch. + Directors of the Canterbury Farmers' Co-operative Association, Timaru. Bankers: Bank of New Zealand, Christchurch ; National Bank, Timaru. Solicitors : Harper and Co., Christ church. Secretary, pro tern : A.ll. Turnbull.



rnoiic Notices. -pEDWOOD'S "DATENT Blight Specific Is NON-POISONOUS, contains neither ' M'Henic nor sulphate of copper ; is not only perfectly harmless to trees, but oxi'iU'M growth. It ia 'i Cortuiu Ouro for scale, American Might, codlin moth, <fee, &c, where used systematically. The most effectual time to use it is IN WINTER, when the trees are bare. The Inventor has NUMEROUS TESTI MONIALS from those who have cleansed their Orchards. CANTERBURY AGENTS— Wholesale—MALlNG AND Co., Ltd. Local Agent—D. THOMAS, West Street, Ashburton. Price, Ss 6d per Gallon. Reduction on quai tities. 8J69 Full directions supplied. BOOKS— Thousands of JBooks ot every kind, including books on History Travels, Science, Religion, Fiction, &c, «fee. Accoanfc Books and Stationery of every description. A cheap lino of En velopes at 5s per thousand. Fancy Go^da, including Albums, Photo Frames, Writing Case Work Boxes, Purses, Ladies' Hand Bags, Games and Puzzles. Music—A large Stock. Pianos, Accordians, Violins, Concetinas, &c. All Geods reduced for Cash. L. F. ANDREWES & CO- Stationers' Hal A NDREW ARR"S 1\ NDREW V/RR S GREAT m % £ AN IN UAL SAijE \ oif G * z j DRAPERY — » >\ H CLOTHING j I- \' AND 4 nOOTS fl Cm Will Commence H Saturday, July Sth & The greatest UARGAINS 40[ evor seen m Ashburon. m£ * SEE HANDBILLS. ? ! , jANDREW Oftß. , f> Wonderful! TO MEET THE TIMES, TT AYE made a GREAT REDUCTION IN ALL DEPARTMENTS. GENERAL DRAPERY A NH CLOTHING. WE IMPORT ALL OUR OWN STOCK. NO MIDDLE PROFITS. We Sell 25 per cent cheaper than any other house m Ashburton. BOOTS. BOOTS. We make all our own Boots. ETERY PAIR OF BOOTS WE SELL GUARANTEED TO WEAR WELL. W. W. S P E H C 5 R 'S THE ARCADI? SPECIAL NOTICE. CALL AND SEE THE GRAND DISPLAY OF BOYS', YOUTHS', AND MEN'S CLOTHING, MERCERY, HOSIERY, BLANKETS, RUGS, FLANNELS, HATS, AND CAPS, &o. T"<HE largest and best assorted Stock m 1 the District to select from, which for Value, Variety, and excellence of Manu facture, we stand unrivalled. MEASURE T\EPARTMENTB EASURB JL/EPARTMENTS NEW TWEEDS ANI> COATINGS For fche approaching Season To Hand. SOLE AGENTS for Werthoim'n labesfc and improved HAND and TREADLE SEWING MACHINES. NEW ZEALAND CLOTHING FACTORY W. H. WEBBER, Manager.