The Ashburton Guardian. Magna et Veritas et Prævalebit. FRIDAY, JULY 25, 1890. LOCAL AND GENERAL

The Rink de Paris, as may be seen by advertisement, will be open on Saturday and Monday. _ .^ The number of registered lunatics m; Great Britain and Ireland rose from 05,52» m 1862 to 111,979 m 1889. T A German pref easor claims to haye dis covered the germ of diphtheria, which may lead to the more successful curls of that malady. A new professed Christ has arisen iD Prussia, and many ignorant people follow him. Notwithstanding the constant heavy emigration, the population of Great Britain has increased more than 4,000,000 since 1885. The total population is about 38,000,000. The forest tree may be felled by a wire heated to a white heat by electricity, and drawn through it, and it may afterwards be cut into boards by the same means, thus doing the work of a circular saw. lhe only drawback would be m the fact that the wood would necessarily be charred by the passage of the hot wire. A return presented to the House shows that Sir M. O'Rorke has the longest Parlia mentary record, having sat m 33 sessions, Sir Harry Atkinson has sat m 29, Mr Ormond m 30, Mr Brown m 24, Mr Pyke m 21, and the Hon. E. Richardson m 21. The South Australian Premier has re ceived several letters from leading men m adjoining colonies, asking to be provided with details of the progressive land tax scheme, and expressing themselves favor able to the proposals. It is tmderstood that the Government reckon on. an abso lute majority of the House m support of their measures. A man named Robert Laurie was shoot ing kangaroos near Walcha a few dayi»ago, when he had an unpleasant encounter with an "old man." He had fired and wounded it when the animal closed. He sfcruek it wLh a stick, when both rolled into the creek. The kangaroo tore Laurie's clothes off, and might have caused Mm to be diowned but for the assistance oi: a friend. The advisability of introducing some of the features of the Swiss system of govern ment is still being kept m view by Major Steward, and he gives notice to move :— " That a committee be appointed to consider and report as to the possibility of devising a system of appointing an executive govern ment such as may be free from the evils of the present system; to report m a fortnight, j The said committee to consist; of Messrs, Saunders, Tanner, Hodgkinson, Samuel, Verral, O'Connor, Monk, Newman, Hon. Captain Russell, and the mover." The "Tablet," the London Catholic organ printed on June 7th an interview with the Pope, m which the Pontiff said:—"The persecution of me and the Church m Italy is increasing. Twelve years have I been con fined within these walls, and it is only within these last few years that offences charged against me have becomes intensified. While I live I must protest againso and expose the blasphemous way Italy treated the Holy See." He expressed the determina tion to remain at the Vatican and defend the rights of the Papacy. The ordinary meeting of the Ashburton rpjsbytir'.an Church Musical and; Literary Society' was held m the church last evening. ■ The chair was filled by Mr A. Orr. There was a fair attendance of members, and the evening was occupied with the journal. Several original papers sent m were read by the editor, and discussed by a number of members. Amongst them perhaps the moat interesting and causing tlie greatest amount of fl:«r>n.«sinn, were the papers on " Bad Habits," " Larrikinism m Ashluurtpn," and " Why men marry." The meeting closed at the usual hour, by the chairman pronouncing the benediction. Mr Walker, speaking at a New Zealand Alliance meeting at Milton ou Monday evening, quoted the words of Sir William Harcourt, that " The. consumption of liquor is largely dependent upon the earnings of the population and the material prosperity of the country,"' and said that m the light of the fact which has been indisputably proved at Home, that high wages and short hours increase drinking and drunkenness, it be hoves all unionists who are seeking to im prove the lot of the working classes to go straight for the Prohibition Bill drafted by Government, and agitate for its immediate passage into law without modification or alteration." On Wednesday last the monthly long night m connection with the Rakaia Dancing Assembly was held m the Oddfellows' Hall. The weather being propitious there was a large gathering, and altogether it may be considered as one of the most successful dances of the season. Music was supplied by Messrs Connor, Duff, and. others, and dancing was kept up until well on m the morning. Mr A. C. Howcll acting as M.C. Special thanks are due to those ladies who so kindly assisted with the refreshments. Great credit is due to the Management Com mittee who have so successfully carried on these dances during the whiter, and a universal wish was expressed on Wednesday evening that they may be continued. It will be remembered that a cable was received some days ago from Melbourne to the effect that there-were 10,000 people there out of work. In a letter received by a con temporary from Sydney, the writer, m pathetic simplicity and earnestness, says :— " Warning to people of New Zealand. You are respectfully asked to warn the people not to come to New South Wales, as there are a thousand persons homeless, destitute, house less, and starving, not being able to obtain employment. There are nine" hundred poor things m the Poor House of New South Wales. Please warn the people not to come here. The back country is swarming with thousands of homeless and starving people, so please do warn everyone not to come here." In certain districts of Australia the practice, of ploughing down peas as a green manure is very general, and has been the moans of practically revolutionising the system of fanning. When turned down on potato sets the peas act as a splendid fertiliser, and appear to supply or release the constituents required by the potato crop. Experiments have been tricdiin the districts with a view of determining the best time to plough the peas down, In some cases they have been ploughed under and allowed to decompose before. the potatoes were planted, m other instances they have been turned directly on to the sets, and though opinions ate some what divided as to which is the better plan to follow, the benefit m each Ciise is marked and unmistakable. Even when peas, instead of being ploughed down, are harvested for grain, the soil is benefited and a good cereal crop invariably follows. This has been conclusively shown by many farmers who have given the matter a trial; m fact, the pea crop has now a well established claim to be considered one of the most valuable plants that can be introduced into a rotation system. Here is the record of an Ayreshire cow that had attained the advanced age of thirty years, having had calves for the long period of twenty-five years :—-Up till mid-summer of last year, says an Ayershiro contemporary, one of the oldest cows on record might have been seen at the farm of Hall, Kirkconnell parish, occupied by Mr John Baird, a gen tleman widely known and as highly respected m the south and west of Scotland. Of the pure Ayrshire breed this cow was calved on the farm—then possessed by Mr Baird's father—so long ago as the spring of 1859. When three years of age she had her first calf, after which she throve and grew so well that from a small cow she became of nearly average size, and was one of the best milkers m that large herd. She had a calf yearly for twenty-three years, and until she had reached the age of twenty-five. Shortly after this she ceased also to give milk, but waxed fat, and was pensioned by Mr Baird. She retained all her teeth till the end came, although her frame shrank and grew greatly less m bulk. In spring last ahe entered her thirty-first year, but was one fine day m the ollowing summer found dead lying m a secluded corner of the meadow, having evidently stolen, away there to die alone.

CORRESPONDENCE.

[We do not hold ourselves responsible for the opinions expressed by our correspondents.]

FRUIT-GROWING AND FRUIT PESTS IN NEW ZEALAND.

TO THE EDITOR. Sir, —Some remarks on the prospects of fruit culture m New Zealand having special bearing on the future export trade of the colony, together with notes on some insect pests, may be of interest to your readers. Fruit-growing, like many other industries m New Zealand, has its draAvbacks, but the latter, as I will pre sently explain, are almost solely of our own making. Until within the last few years there"were few obstacles m the way Of growing superior fruit of {many kinds m the colony. Since the introduction, however, m recent years of numerous pests, highly injurious to fruit, its cul ture is likely, at no distant date, to be attended with serious difficulties and loss to the colony. With a view to placing the matter before your readers m a practical way, I venture to offer some observations on this important subject, which I have gathered for many years past. Many of your readers will have seen the reports on the late Conference of Australian fruit-growers, held m Sydney m the middle of last month, and which proved an unqualified success. The meet ing was convened by and held under the Presidency of the Hon. Sydney Smith, Minister for Mines and Agriculture of New South Wales. The delegates num bered about one hundred m all, and were composed, for the most part, of practical fruit-growers and hard-working men en gaged m the various fruit-growing branches of the trade. During the meet ing some thirty papers were read on the present state of fruit-culture m New South Wales, and the best means of im proving it. The papers read on the third and last day of the Conference were con fined to tike various fruit pests which attack all fruits grown m New South Wales. The papers and the discussion that followed on each are shortly to be published m pamphlet form, which should prove of much interest and value to fruit growers m New Zealand, seeing that so many injurious pests are rapidly spread ing m this country. To enumerate only a few of these I may mention the great deterioration of the peach, caused by a very minute boring grub, or "canker worm," and quite recently we know that whole vineyards m the vicinity of Auck land have been destroyed by the greatest scourge of vine culture the dreaded Phyllox era vastairix. Added to these are the codlin moth and a small fly, whose grubs bore into and consume the flesh of apples. Then there is also the currant moth, which bids weU at present to make the culture of currant bushes m a few more years a difficult task, while only last summer a new pest (the caterpillar of a a small moth) attacked the flesh of apri cots and plums, doing much injury to the fruit over a considerable area of the South Island. When dealing with this moth fur] ther on we will give all that is known m its history. In addition to all these, and hosts of others, there are the numerous species of scale insects, and the American blights, but on. the latter insects we will shortly offer a separate communication. Before proceeding to give some account of the life and habits of these injurious pests and their modes of attacking fruit and fruit trees, it may be well to inquire into the causes favoring their introduc tion, and to ascertain, if possible, if no repressive means can be adopted to stop their wholesale introduction to the coun try, which, like the rabbits and sparrows m their respective stations, augurs well at present to very soon materially affect fruit-growing, and the whole fruit trade of the colony. The chief mode by which nearly all fruit pests have been intro duced to New Zealand is by the importa tion of infected trees, and fruit from infected countries. When once a species is introduced to New Zealand it is very easy, from a naturalist's point of view, to explain the causes favoring their increase and distribution. These are the mildness of our climate compared to their original home, the abundance of food, and the almost total absence'of their natural enemies. With these, however, we are not much concerned here, although they will sen* to clearly illustrate the subject. Another great want to the colony is a Government entomological department, or even a single consulting entomologist to the Government. The Governments of all the Australian colonies (except Western Australia) have each a consulting entomologist, and m the United States of America an entomological department, with a considerable staff, is maintained by the State, while the annual reports by the chief entomologist on the noxious and benificial insects observed during the year is of equal importance with all other State documents. These facts are given to show how far behind we are m some departments of knowledge to other colonies and other countries. Generally speaking, the duties and eager search for gain characteristic of colonial life leaves little time for original research m any direction ; but another great draw back to lovers of gardens and all inter ested m fruit culture is the extreme paucity of literature on garden and farm pests m New Zealand. The papers hitherto published on our native insects are .scattered through numerous scientific journals, and owing to the strictly scientific tone m which • they are written are anything but lively reading, at least to the general reader. However, the question of injurious pest 3 and the very serious aspect of the case* at present is one of vital importance to the colony ; and sooner or later some decisive action must be taken to prevent their further introduction and for their suppression if fruit cultivation is to be made a, success and profit to the community. The im mense loss by these pests to the fruit in dustries m France, Germany, Spain, the United States, and m Australia for some years past should prove a sufficient warn ing to our Government and people to unite and use every possible means for their suppression. Tn regard to the production or culture of fruits of good kinds and quality, I desire to call attention—particularly at the present time—to one very serious drawback, namely, the extremely foolish habit of some people of purchasing the rubbish trees frequently sold m auction rooms. The trees disposed of m this way are almost invariably the off-cast" of nurseries, such as bad varieties, or others which have lost their true names. Of course they are generally decorated Avith names of good kinds, and on this account sometimes realise good prices. JNow, taking a common sense vlcav of the matter, one would imagine that buyers would knoAV that no respectable nurseryman could afford (<*< ny more than any other tradesman could afford) to send his best stock for cheap (sale m an auction room. Such trees are generally worse than use less, a fact fully realised by many owners of both large and small gardens who pur chased their trees at auction. To my mind, it is better to be outspoken m this matter, as the habit is a pernicious one, and one which entails a great loss of labor and profit; the necessity for pro curing healthy trees, and profitable bearers from a reliable source cannot be too forcibly argued. We will now refer to another cause which lias enabled some pests to attack and make headway against certain kinds of fruit. We allude to overcropping of trees. No one, we suppose, who has in vestigated the subject Avould doubt that the deterioration of the peach is due chiefly to overcropping m former years. ■,

To continue to rear seedlings or to bud from trees whose vigor or constitution is impaired by overcropping will assuredly m time reduce the trees to such a state as fco be incapable of producing fruit, and thus render the trees a prey to disease and pests. Some years ago an influential committee of colonial gentlemen appealed to the Royal Horticultural Society of England for advice or assistance m deal ing with the failure of the peach m New Zealand. The overcropping, or the con tinuing to propagate from trees m an already exhausted condition, does not ap pear to have ever Occurred to them. When the trees were m their weakest state they were vigorously attacked with the'now so-called "peach disease." Of course we now have our work set before us to get rid of it,, but even this difficulty could be over come considerably m a few years by importing fresh and vigorous stocks occasionally, from. England only, by uniting the old with the new, and by I careful and limited cropping enable the former to restore its best vigor. The same remarks will apply to the partial failure of the apricot m some districts of late years, and will doubtless follow with other kinds of fruit, if a consistent and limited style of cropping be not practised. Now m respect to the export trade, it seems incredible that, while England ex pends six millions sterling annually on imported fruit, such an exceedingly small portion of this vast sum should be drawn |by New Zealand for this commodity. Of I course, I am aware that small shipments j of fruit have been exported for yeairs past from New Zealand, but owing to imper fect packing or improper storage, these generally resulted m comparative failure. The recent success, however, of Tasmania and Victoria m exporting apples to Eng lish markets, and the high prices they realised, were no doubt due to the new and improved methods of packing, and to cool storage during transit. Another i important case, and one which should prove re-assuring to fruit-growera m this colony, was the late trial shipment of twenty-five cases of apples sent per Tainui to. London by Mr Thomas York, of Woolston, near Christchurch. Much credit is due to Mr York for the excellent | order m which they were sent, the full account of which appeared m the " Lyttelton Times" of Saturday last. The result of the.trial, as the reports put it, "will show "our fruit-growers that! there are many things to learn m connec tion with the fruit trade." The report should also form an excellent guide to intending shippers, and altogether the success of the shipment appears to have been most satisfactory. We certainly commend the report to all fruit-growew. I When we read of a guarantee having been given by England to Tasmania alone for | 80,000 cases of good apples annually, it | should suggest the development m the near future of an immense trade for Tasmania with the Mother Country. It should also awaken New Zealand colonists to the great importance of developing the trade amongst ourselves. If we cannot compete at present witli other colonies m quantity, we can at least for quality. That our soil can produce very superior apples and pears suitable for export at a suitable time of the year has been fully demonstrated long ago, and considering that we now have every facility-for rapid transit and cool storage m the magnifi cent line of traders leaving our ports bi-monthly, there appears few obstacles at present m the way of dereloping a large export trade. When once the quality of our fruit, like our mutton and butter, is known, there is no doubt the trade will rapidly develope. Let us only begin on sound principles by exporting prime qualities, shipped m prime con dition, and a great stimulus to fruit growing will follow m New Zealand. The case of exporting inferior flax, especially when the the fibre could be better prepared with them use, should serve as a warning to fruit-growers to export only material of b^st quality. This subject has already been fully dis cussed m able leaders by the Ashburton "Guardian" and the "Lyttelton Times," and it is therefore unnecessary to add more to it here. Before referring again to pests, we may inquire into the best means of discussing the whole subject. Undoubtedly fruit growing is almost at a deadlockjat present, and when we consider that a considerable amount of capital has been expended m the planting of orchards and gardens, we should endeavour to devise the best means to make them remunerative, and this, I think, can only be done by push ing a healthy export trade, and this would also tend to produce a better style of culture than that generally adopted at present. . Could not the Canterbury Fruit Growers' Association take the matter up.? The members are certainly fully qualified to deal with the question. If a meeting of fruitgrowers was held, say on similar lines to the one lately held m Sydney, and have the question of fruit-growing for export, the suppression of fruit pests, etc., fully discussed, it would, I think, result m immense benefit to the Colony. In the foregoing I have en deavoured to ventilate this important question, and hope soon to see iShe matter taken up by others, with a view to benefiting the fruit industry of New Zealand. We will now give some account of four fruit pests inhabitating our district — the corlin moth (carpneapsa pomonella) This moth has been about Ashburton for the last four or five years, but until the last summer appears to have multi plied slowly. It attacks the fruit m the following manner:—The egg is laid on the calyx of the apple, and hatches shortly after the young apple is formed. The caterpillar, eating its wa,y to the core, devours the soft pips, and makes its egress on the opposite side of the apple to Avhich it entered. If two apples are on a bunch, the caterpillar sometimes passes from one to the other. It is generally easy to detect its presence by the fruit: affected assuming a brighter colour, or by dropping prematurely from the tree. When the latter occurs, or when any suspicious looking apples appear on the trees, they should be carefully picked and destroyed. When the caterpillar is matured it eats its way out of ithe apple, ! Mid conceals itself m any small crack or crevice m the bark of the tree, on which it was reared. It generally remains for some considerable time about the tree (sometimes for months) before it changes to the chrysalis state. As soon as the apples are gathered the affected trees should be thoroughly well syringed with a solution of London purple, m the pro portion of lib to 200 gallons of water. It is necessary to well stir the mixture after every few applications of the syringe. Although it is an arsenic poison, the foliage and fruit can be syringed with impunity without any injurious "effect to the crop or consumer, and is very deadly to nearly all pests and parasites attacking fruit trees. Another apple borer (trypela pomon orum) is the caterpillar of a small fly, much resembling the common house fly, but slightly smaller. It appears later m the season than the codlin moth, and attacks the fruit when well advanced. The eggs are deposited m any little depression on the skin of the apple, or near the fruit stalk, and soon hatch. The minute grub then commences to burrow into the apple, and although not so destructive as the codlin moth, it ruins the fruit, either for sale or keeping purposes. When matured it leaves the fruit, and drops among the leaves beneath the trees. It then rolls itself up m a dry leaf, forms a slight cocoon m which it changes to the chrysalis stage, and passes the winter m the way described. When jts presence is detected m an orchard it is: most important that all affected jf r «ic!

should be destroyed, and all the leaves and rubbish lying about the trees care fully collected and burned. By this means the pest can be kept m subjection. THE APRICOT MOTH. ' In January last I sent a note to the " Guardian " announcing the presence of a caterpillar attacking apricots m the I Ashburton district, at the same time i appealing to your readers for affected fruit containing caterpillars/Through the kindness of Mrs G. W. Andrews, of Hampstead, and other friends, who sent me injured fruit, I have been able to rear moths from the caterpillars. The first moth which emerged I sent to Mr 0. G. Barrett, of King's Lynn, Norfolk, Eng land, who is the best English authority on moths of this group. By the last mail I received his reply. We extract the following from his letter :— '' I am very glad that you have raised ' ' and forwarded the specimen. I have '' examined it carefully—for m conse " quence of careful packing, it came quite "safely—and as yet I cannot identify it. "lam inclined at present to the belief " that it is an indigenous, and not an in "troduced species, but this is my own " opinion and may not be confirmed. It . "is a very common thing to find a " mischievous species appear m multi " tudes m one year, and then to become " quite innocuous." Itmay be mentioned that the past season was phenomenally one of great swarms of insects. It was also an exceedingly floriferous one for the in digenous flora, and when we consider that the food supply was plentiful for the caterpillars of native insects, it is not easy to account for the development of new tastes m a species m a single season, at least over hundreds of miles of the country, but I hope soon to be able to trace its true source. The same method ad vised for the destruction of thecodlinmoth, and apple weevil, will apply to his moth. the cuB.UANTMOTH(f.roc/uii«ni. tipaliformis) —This is a very difficult pest to deal with 11 The eggs are laid on the points of the young shoots, and sometimes m the axils of the young leaves. When the eggs hatch the young caterpillars burrow into and consume the centre pith of the shoots. They may frequently bore down through the whole length of the shoot, into the old year's wood, and attack another fresh shoot, the caterpillar eating its way up wards. The moth may often be seen m the months of December and January resting with its wings outspread on the currant leaves. The body is purplish blue m color, with narrow transparent wings. The moth much resembles a large gnat, as its name implies for some time after the insects appears. A good way of keeping them m check is to pinch off the-points of shootp, and burn them, or the eggs before hatching can be dis troyed by syringing twice a week with the solution recommended for the codlin and apricot moths, and by carefully col lecting all dead leaves m the autumn and burning.—l am, etc., . W. W. Smith. July 21, 1890.

Parliamentary Gossip.

[by telegraph from ouk. own cokbes- PONPENT.]

Wellington; July 23. The Civil Service Reform Bill is a long one, and repeals all the existing acts. The following are the chief points of the Bill, which Government are introducing for the reform of the civil service. It provides that the service is to be divided mfc ° four divisions —viz. : First division—heads of departments ; second division—profes sional officers; third division—clerical officers now m the service, or who qualify on examination ; fourth division—officers to be appointed hereafter. A scheme is provided for the regulation aud incre ment of salaries. A Civil Service Board is appointed, consisting of- four or five officers (Heads of Departments resident m Wellington), with the Solicitor General as Chairman. Appointments are to be made to the service by the Governor on the recommendation of the board, but m certain cases three officers will be named to the heads of departments for them to select one from. Provision is made for cadets entering the service, after an ex amination, though exceptions are made m favor of persons possessing special or technical skill, or to have given military or naval service to the country. The amalgamation or reorganisation of depart ments and the transference or reductions of officers on the recommendation of the Board to the Governor are also provided for. The measure is a very stingent one, and prohibits any appointments or awards of compensation except m accordance with the Bill. From the salaries of all officers under the Act five per cent will be deducted to go towards a compensation and pension fund, which may be supplemented by Government m cases of emergency. 4ppointments can be made outside the Bill, but must not be of longer duration than three months. An officer, who commits offences or becomes bankrupt may be dismissed or fined on the Board's recommendation, but may be reinstated if it appears that the bank ruptcy was due. to no neglect or guilt on 1 his part. The Board also have power .to recommend the dismissal of inefficient persons. Officers will be allowed a fort night's holiday each year up to ten years' service, and a longer holiday after that period. Their salaries will be surcharged with the amounts for which they certify wrongly. The Board will report to Parliament each year. The principle of the new scheme is apparently that of complete control by the Board, and the establishment of a regular qualification for service. Major Steward is moving for a com mittee to consider and report as to the possibility of devising a system of appoint ing an Executive Government, such as should be free from the evils of the present system. The committee to whom the Labor Bills have been referred consists of Messrs Allen, Fish, Humphreys, Izard, Peacock, Perceval, Smith, W. P. Reeves, Hislop, and Major Steward. The Committee meet for the first time to-day. •

CRICKET.

AUSTRALIA, v ENGLAND,

[per press association J

• London, July 24. The Australian cricketers will probably return m the steamer Ormuz on the con clusion of the match Australia v England. Both Grace and Barrett were accorded an immense ovation. The latter batted throughout the second innings of the colonials.

TELEGRAPHIC

HOME AND FOREIGN.

[per press association.]

London, July 23fc024. At the wool sales prices were un changed. Middle sorts and greasy merinos, especially those from New Zealand, were the weakest classes.. '■ ! Latest reports are'that Sir Robert G. C. Hamilton, Governor of Tasmania, will receive the appointment as Governor of New Zealand, the Earl of Onslow succeeding Lord Carrington in' New South Wales. ;. r The New Zealand Estates Company was issued to-day. The capital is; £2,000,000, consisting of 75,000 six 1! per cent cumulative preference' shares and 125,000 ordinary shares, both { being «£lO shares, ' Fifteen thousand j

preference shares are unissued, and the balance of preference' shares and all ordinary shares, with a million and halt' pounds worth of debentures, will be allotted to the Bank of New Zealand for the globo assets, which were originally valued at four and quarter million pounds. Mr D. Hearn m his report states that properties will pro bably realise considerably beyond £3,108,000. The Assets Company will assume possession o£ the properties on August sth. In the Court to-day Viscount Dunlo deposed that he knew nothing against his wife beyond the statements made to him by Robinson and the Messrs Lewis. He admits that his wife begged to be allowed to accompany him on his visit to Australia, and that he made no provision for her support. Letters from both display continued affection, and after swearing his affidavit charging her with adultery, Viscount Dunlo wrote to his wife, expressing disbelief m the charge. Sergeant Logan, of Adelaide, won a prize m the Corporation of London contest-at Bisley.: , ■ .■? : '; Mr. F. Abigail, M.L.A. of New South Wales, is hopeful of success of his scheme for' a Union; Mission tol Australia. Colonel Saunderson and 1 the Earl of Erne will be included m the deputation, and Dr Kane has at-; ready signified his willingness to accom pany the mission. : The Western Australian Constitu tion has been proclaimed. l It has been determined to hold the elections at the end of October, and the new Parlia ment will meet at the end of Novem ber. It is predicted that Mr S. H, Parkes will be selected the first Premier jinder the new constitution of Western Australia. A petition is m course of signature for the commutation of penalties passed on the ringleaders m the Grenadier mutiny. St. James' Hall was crowded torday to hear a discussion on the eight hours' question between rMr Hyndman, the Socialist, and Mr Bradlaugh, M.P. for Northampton. Hyndman was the first to speak, arguing that coinpulspry eight hours as a day's labor was a valuable palliative to prevent indus trial anarchy, and that all European workers desired a similar boon. Mr Bradlaugh contended that a compulsory law on the subject would be fatal to many industries, and Conciliation Com mittees, consisting of delegates from employers and employed could settle the question best. He considered that the national industries had never been conducted under better sanitary conditions than at present. No vote was.taken at the meeting, but Hynd man obtained be best hearing. The aieeting appeared equally divided. St. Petersburg, July 23. : Russia is exporting silver m larg« quantities. Guatemala, July 22. Guatemala is desirous that Bah Sal vador should join the federation of the Central American States. In the recent battle with the troops of San Salvador,, 200 of the Guatemalas were killed. The States of Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala have allied to re establish order m San Salvador. Monte Video, July 23. The Customs duties of Uruguay will probably be raised 10 per cent., pay able m gold for the redemption of the paper. ; Paris] July 23. It is reported m the city that the British Government" will consent to the frontiers of the, Anglo-French pos session m West Africa being rectified from the Gambia to the Niger and inland as far as Lake Tchad.

AUSTRALIAN.

[PBR PRESS ASSOCIATION.]

. Brisbane, July 24* : Veterinary surgeons attribute the disease .among horses m the Laidley district to their eating a fungus which had grown on flooded corn.

INTERPROVINCIAL

[PEll PRESS ASSOCIATION.]

. . * Aucklani), July 21. A respectable looking woman, named Walker, was charged at the Police Court with a series of thefts. She pleaded "Guilty," but for the defence hei' s<t>n gave evidence to the effect that his mother was a laudanum and opium eater, and not responsible for her actions. She had stolen when she had money m her pocket. The • Bench recorded a conviction, but ordered defendant to come up for sentence when called on, her son to refund to certain pawnbrokers the amounts paid, for the stolen articles. :; Captain Morris, the well known coastal trader, was lost overboard from a vessel m the Tauranga harbor this morning. Dunbdin, July 24. A raid by the Custonis Department on Dunedin publicans resulted m the seizure of several unstamped casks of beer, and more will be heard of ths matter. At the Land Board, three small grazing run licenses were forieited' ffo¥ iion compliance with the residence conditions.

LABOR QUESTIONS.

THE MARITIME DIFFICULTY.

THE SHIPOWNERS' BASIS.

[pee press association.!

Sydney, July 24. At a meeting of steamship owners to-day, it was resolved that, owing to widespread commercial depression, and consequent losis to shipowners, thfijy cannot accept all the seamen's new rules and grant further increase of pay, though they are still willing to con tine running vessels upon the present recognised rules, and, r^te of wages, with the various Mercantile Unions; but should these bodies depline to con tinue service under the" rules; the Owners' Association .will,be compelled to lay up vessels. The owners subse quently met: delegates from the Sea men's Union, and stated they wei-e willing to ■ resume the adjourned con ference, provided the foregoing were accepted as a basis. A number ofl minor concessions on both sides were agreed to, but the questions of hours of labor and overtime remain un settled. On- these questions both sides are firm, and the Conference will adjourn till Saturday, when the ;owners will give their final decision. lX The Amalgamated .Shearers' Union numbers 22,000 members. , The orj ganisation I and levy for strikes last year cost the sum of irtOOO. • :■ • it

fMB ASHBtmTON GUAItniAN, V RIDA?, JULY 25, 1800,



__ Wanted^ __.! CASH Advertisements under this heading not exceeding SIXTEEN WORDS 1/-. Addresses may be left at this Office. MAGIC Lantern Entertainment m aid of Presbyterian Sabbath School Tuesday, 29th inst., 7.30. Collection at Door. 7 146 jjf^pg NOWN _ The - Sfcrong . Wear Boot for Men, Women and Children can only be had at W. H. Collier's. BOOTS, BOOTS.—"Keep your feet Dry and cave Doctor's Bills. I have a splendid Stock m now, Try my Double-soled Shooters. Every pair Guaranteed. Robert Alcorn, Ashbur ton Clothing Mart, Saunders' Buildings. JUST opened, a few ladies plush jackets, newest shapes, very cheap. —H. C. Segers, Melford House. WANTED every man m the County to have a suit of the Ashburton Tweeds.—Robert Alcorn, Ashburton Clothing Mart, Saunder's Buildings. T"UST Received —Over one ton English t) and Continental Confectionery. Own make as usual fresh daily.—H.G. Flo web, Confectioner, East street. \T7 ANTED KNOWN.—The Cheapest VV House m Ashburtcn to buy Drapery, Millinery, Clothing, Boots, etc., is H. C. Segkes, Melford House. ANTED KNOWN.—A lot of Ladies Cloth and Tweed Jackets, considerably under usual cost price.— W. H. Collier, "The Corner." ANTED Known —One hundred and fifty Ladies' and Children's Ulsters bought a great bargain (good qualities), now selling very cheap —H. C. j Segers. Melford House. ' WANTED Known—The Cheapest Shop to buy Tinware and Gal vanised Iron goods m Ashburton, is at W. F. Hannafoiuj's, Burnett Street. A arge stock kept on hand. Tin and Iron ware goods made and repaired with des] patch Public Notices. ,"] LENDERS Wanted for the Erection _!_ of a Two Roomed Cottage. Par ticulars at Mr O'Connor's Shop, Arcade. 7 133 ' THE EDUCATION BOARD OF THE DISTRICT OF NORTH CANTER BURY. *mENDERS are invited for Alterations JL to Ashburton School. Plans and Specifications can be seen at the Office of Mr. John Orr, Ashburton. And en dorsed tenders addressed to tiie Secretary of the Board, will be received not later than 4 o'clock on MONDAY, the 28th July. The Board does not bind itself to accept the lowest or any tender. J. V. COLBORNE-VEEL, Secretary. Christchurch, 19th July, 1890. 7 122 BOOKS —Thousands of Books of every kind, including books on History, Travels, Science, Religion, Fiction, &0., tfce. Account Books and Stationery of every discription. A cheap line of En velopes at 5s per thousand. Fancy Goods, including Albums, Photo Frames, Writing Cases, Work Boxes, Purses, Ladies' Hand Bags, Games and Puzzles. Music—A large Stock. Pianos, Accordians, Violins, Coucetinas, &c. All Goods reduced for Cash. L. F. ANDKEWES & CO. Stationers' Hall N THE Z NEW ZEALAND GLOTHHG FACTORY Half Yearly STOCK-TAKINQ snow on.-: REDUCTION IN EVERY DEPARTMENT. The Celebrated Werthein New High arm Sewing Machines on easy Time pay ment?; f~] W H. WEBBER, "JTI v j Manager JD WiTHCUT 'TILTH WJTH-T.EETJI THE CHRISTCHURCH DENTAL ■SURGERY, Corner of Oashel and High streets. Q i\/r YERS AND (^°- SURGEON DENTISTS. And at Dunedin and Westport. WE have gained the FIRST AWARD at the Dunedin Exhibition for Artificial Dentures and Mechanical Appli ances for the Mouth, and it is with the greatest confidence that we guarantee the highest class work and perfect fit at the most moderate cost A Single Artificial Tooth, 10s. Complete Set — Upper and Lower temporary and permanent, £10 10*. Natural, Durable, Comfortable Artificial Teeth Replaced Temporarily al most immediately after the extraction of decayed teeth or stumps without extra cc or charge. Arrangements can be made for part or monthly payments. ADMINISTERING NITROUS OXIDE v~3AS .several times daily for the past ten years, we fearlessly assert that extraction of teeth under its influence is perfectly painless and positively safe Fee for Administration, sb. Extraction, 2k 6d. .Artificial Teeth and Dentures made other dentists repaired or remodelled small cost. Hours of ttendance—9 a.m. to 6 p.m



VTOTICK— Anyone found Tres- J_N passing m pursuit of game or otherwise on the Riversdale Estate on find after this date will be prosecuted. J, R. WILLIAMS. Riversdale, 24th May. ' 5 176 SEALY'S FRUIT TREES ~fNLUDIN Apples, Pears, Plums, tax i Cherries, Peaches, Apricots, Necs of ines, and all other fruits. The merits of all the varieties have been subjected to severe tests during the last 15 years, and tht; stock is now admitted to be the Largest and Choicest m Canterbury, probably m the colony, to select from, all warranted, and at your own prices, SEALY'S FOREST TREES Of all kinds, innumerable m quantity, well-<jrown and hardy—all kinds, all sizes, all price*. SEALY'S ORNAMENTAL TREES, &c Choice m quality, numerous m quantity. SEALY'S MACROCARPA. Tena of thousands m number. A large quantity specially grown for fencing at very low prices. | SEALY'S ROSESP ! Endless m variety and choicest m quality. SEALY'S CATALOGUES Forwarded free to any address »n application. Note.—-I will only be responsible for Trees ordered direct from the Nursery or through Messrs J, Sbaly and Co. THOS. SEALY, Nurseryman, Rivcrbank, Ashburton. JOHN ORR & Co. j ARE OFFERING GRAND VALUE m the Following Leading Lines OF GENERAL IRONMONGERY, ETC Ex "Rimutaka," And Other Late Arrivals. 4 Casks Saucepans, Boilers and Kettles 4 Casks Lamps, Globes and Chimneys 1 Ca^e Table Knives, Forks, Spoons 3 Casks Plough and Trace Chains. 80 Tins White Lead. 40 Tins Red Lead. 120 Drums Raw and Roiled Oil. Paints and Varnighes of all kinds. 5 Bales Wall Papers. 50 Register Grates from 14s 6d to £5. Ranges, Stoves, at all prices. 8 Cases Wringers and Mangles. 50 Sets Fire Irons from 5s to 30s. 50 Fenders from 6s to £5' 25 Tons Bar and Sheet Iron. 1 Ton Bolts and Nuls, all sixes. Leather Portmanteaus and Trunks. Leather Belting, 1^ to 6in. Manilla and Flax Rope, 1| to 3in. 35 Coils Plough Lines. 2 Cases Mould Boards. 5 Casks Hornsby's Plough Shares (new pattern.) 3 Casks Ransom's Plough Shares. 3 Casks Buggy Springs and Axles. 1 Cask Carriage Lamps. 20 Kegs Blue Stone. 10 Cases New Iron Bedsteads. 10 TONS CLOVER SEEDS. 100 Kegs Wire Nails. 20 Ke<ts Fencing Staples. 200 Coils Steel Fencing Wire, 80 Coils Barb Wire. 1 Bale Seaming Twine. 2 Cwt Babett Metal. 25 Bundles Spades and Forks. 'A Vat-kiyj;cH Screws, Locks and Hinges. 2 Cases 'Saws, Chisels ami I'lfnion. 10 Cases Axes and Picks. 4 Cases Gorse Knives. 10 Cases Pick Axe and Hammer Handles. 2 Cases Hammers. 2 Bales D.ior Mats. 10 Crates China and Earthenware, hiolud New Toilet Dinner, Tea and Dessert Ware. Some of these are really beautiful goods. 150 Cases Oils, including Valvolinc, Lubroline, Caster, Colza, Olive Lard and Neatsfoot—this can all had m any quantity. 150 Cases KEROSENE, Light of th Age ; the very best. GROCERY DEPARTMENT WILL Always be found STOCKED with GOODS of First Class QUALITY, —Including— Indian' Ceylon and China TEAS, Mauritius Sugar, Crushed Loaf Sug;u\ Pure Coffee, Candles, Oatmeal, Rollitt and Go's. Flour, Butter from Mr John Grigg s Famous Dairy. JOHN ORR AND GO., IMPORTERS. /i NDREW ARR'S xlndrew \Jrn a GREAT m J ANNUAL SALE w or Q ¥ • a DRAPERY - , *| CLOTHING I J * AND 4 mots aim Will Commence ™ S Saturday, July sth H fat • B^ TJie greatest BARGAINS ever t-een m Ashburon. H SEE iiANDBILLS. ? | ANDREW ORR. . | Printed and published by " The Ash burton Publishing Company, Ld." at their registered printing office Bur nett Street, Ashburton. Saturday, July^Q 1890



-TTiDiic Notices. SEEDS, PLANTS, &c ! TBEES. TREES. TREES. (^ain tender my best thanks to my _ numerous Customers and Correspon dents for the support I have received from them, and assure them that I shall still conduct my Business m the future as I have m the past, and all orders by post r otherwise will receive my prompt atten- Hon. My Apple Trees are all worked on the blight proof stock, and are clean and well grown ; alßo Pears, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, and all kinds of small Fruits. I have one of the largest stock of Forest Trees m Canterbury, about 40,000 Larch, two years old, 40,000 do. one year old, and 100,000 Pinus Insignia, one and two years old. Cupressus Macrocarpa, I have a grand line. I make this a speciality. All my seedlings have been transplanted, being equal to those m boxes. I have %bout 100,000 one and two years old, also Roses and Fancy Shrubs m great variety. A trees supplied and planted by in will be guaranteed for 12 months. Cata logue sent post free on application, JAMES "DORTER AMES XORTEB, NURSERYMAN and SEEDSMAN, Ax*LE N T O N ASHBURTON ASHBXJRTON COUNTY HUNTJLUB. ANNUAL STEEPLECHASES niO be held on the Racecourse, Ash- J. burton, on WEDSESMY, MUST 6,1890 Patrons —Hon. John McLean, Matthew Stitt. President —John Grigg. Vice-Presidents—G. H. Alington, W. B. Denshire, Dr Leahy, D. McLean, W. C. Walker, M.H.R. Stewards —G. H. Alington, J, C. N. Grigg, Dr Leahy, H. G. Moore, W. P. Chapman, J. Jamieson, D. McKendry, G. A. Buckley, H. H. Wright, W. Rollit. Judge—M. Stitt. Starter—D. Thomas. Clerk op the Course—A. Hewson. Clkrk of the Scales—A. J. Kelly. Handicaffers—Dr Leahy, M. Scott, F. Russell. PROGRAMME. 1, Thb Hunters' Hurdle Race, a handicap of 15 soys ; second horse to receive !> soys from the stake. For qualified hunters the jwoperly of members of Liie Ashburton Cr.imty Hunt Club. Maiden riders allowed 71bs. Nomination, 10s : acceptance, ~>x. About two miles ; over eight nights of hurcles, about 3 feet 6inches high. Huxt Clur Cup Steeplechase, a handicap of 30 soys ; second horse to receive 3 soys and third horse to receive 2 soys from the stake. Open to all qualified hunters, the property of members of any recognised Hunt Club. Minimum weight, lOst. Maiden riders allowed 7Hjk. Nomination, ■l'w-i ftcnoutancc, 15»- Alwut tluce miles, over such jumps and course as the Stewards shall direct. N.B. — The winner of this race to have-the option of receiving the prize m a piece of plate or m specie. 3. Hack Hack, of 10 sjv.s, no weight under lOst. For horses that have never been nominated for a handicap or any classic race. Post entry 10.s, to go to tho fund. Three quarters of a mile on the flat. 4. Maiden* Steeplechase Plate, of 15 soys ; second hor.se to receive 3 soys from the stake. For qualified hunters the property of members of the Ashburton County Hunt Club, that have never won an advertised steeple- , chase. Weight for age. Maiden riders allowed 7lb.s. Entrance 15s. About two miles. 5' Lvdie.*' Bracelet Handicap, of 20 hoys ; the first horse to receive, a bracelet of the value of 15 soys , the .second horsa to receive a bracelet of the value of 5 soys. Open to all qualified hunters, the property of members of any recognised Hunt Club. A high weight handicap. Gentlemen riders. Maiden rider allowed 71b. Horses before starting for til is race must qualify over a flight of hurdles m front of the stand to the satisfaction of the Stewards. All. horses to be nominated by ladies. Nomination, 10s ; acceptance, 10s About two miles on the flat. 6 Consolation Steeplechase, a handicap of 10 soys. Nomination 10s, to bo made to the Secretary immediately after the Ladies' Bracelet is run ; acceptance free, to be notified to the Secretary within 10 minutes of the declaration of the weights. About one mile and a half. GENERAL RULES. No entry will be received for any of the Races except upon this condition : —Thitt all disputes and objections arising out of the racing shall be decided by a majority of the Stewards present, or those whom they may appoint. Their decisions upon all points connected with the carrying out of this Programme shall be final. All entries to be sealed and addressed to the Secretary, Ashburton, entrance money enclosed, with the name, age at the time of entry, name of owner, pedi gree, and performances of the horse, and colors of the rider. Entries by telegram must be confirmed by writing afc the earliest opportunity. No nomination or acceptance will be received on any pretence whatever after the hour named, find unless accompanied by the necessary amount m cash. All horses must be ridden m colors. A qualified hunter shall mean any hors*. that Jias been fairly hunted at least threo times with any recognised pack of Junmds during the season 1890, and the Master's certificate of qualification must be pro duced at tho scales. Gentlemen riders. Names must be &Mit m to the Secretary on or before 2nd Augustjfor the approval of the Com xnittee. Five per cent will be deducted from all winnings towards the expenses of the Course. The Committee reserve to themselves the right of refusing any entry, and m the event of bad weather of postponing the meeting from day to day or for any longer period. The Races will be run under the Rules of Racing and the New Zealand Grand National' Steeplechase Rules m all cases where they apply. NOMINATIONS Ac Nominations to be accompanied by fees name, aye, and description of the horse and colors of rider, and m the hands of he Secretary not later than 9 p.m. on SATURDAY, July 10th, 1890. W"Hits will be declared on MONDAY, July 28fch, 1890 I AweptiUices must be made to the Secretary not latar than 9 p.m. on SATUED 1Y August 2nd, 1890 • F J. FOOKS, Urn Secretar