THE MAORI AND THE MOA.

By Mr. C. IV. Purnell , Ashburton, in the “ Victorian Keviciv." CONCLUDED. la it reasonable to suppose that in a mild and moist climate like that of New Zealand they could have lain there with out decomposition from a period antece dent to the Maori immigration 1 Pom's like these can be weighed without the aid of scientific training. Every intelligent man is entitled to form his own opinion upon them, and that opinion is pretty sure to be adverse to the pre-histonc theory. The balance of testimony deci : dedly inclines to the view that the Maori hunted the moa, although it would seem that .the bird had got extremely scarce long before the Europeans had visited the country. Cook was above 350 days on the coast of New Zealand, and made diligent enquiries about the indigenous fauna, but he heard nothing of the moa ; and the other early navigators have left no record of their knowledge of such a bird. This, of course, is negative evi dence, but strong of its kind, for had the moa then been common in New Zealand, it is incredible that Cook should not have heard of it. The South Island Maoris possess an obscure tradition to the effect that, about five hundred years ago, a great fire, which they call “ the fire of Tamatea,” devastated the Canterbury plains, and nearly exterminated the moa ; and a tradition also prevails amongst the North Island Maoris that a great fire once played havoc with the moa. Collat ing all the information we possess, it is not an unfair inference to draw that the moa was plentiful when the Maoris first arrived, but that from their over-zealous chase of it, their extravagant consumption of its eggs and the destruction caused by large fires, it soon became scarce, and ultimately extinct, although a few indi viduals may have lingered up till a very recent date. It would appear that the moa disappeared from the North Island before it did from the South. The fact of its having existed contemporaneously in the two islands is noticeable, because, at first sight. Cook’s Straits, which is as broad as the English Channel, and stormy enough, would seem to be an insuperable barrier to the passage of wingless birds from one island to the other ; but, inas much as the fossil remains of the moa have been exhumed from post-pliocene formations, when the islands were prob ably united, the difficulty vanishes on re flection. We do not think it possible that any living mo as will now be disco vered. The hepe survived so long as large tracts of country remained unex plored, but most parts have now been traversed by surveyors, gold prospectors, and others, and the unknown regions are of two limited an extent to justify the expectation that they constitute the last refuge of these gigantic birds. It is likely that “moa” was not the name given to the bird when it was the common food of the natives. We cannot pretend to say how the aboriginals desig nated it; but as to the Maoris, “ moa ” seems to be the generic name amongst the Polynesians for a large bird, and while the Maoris, if the moa co-existed on the islands with them, may have styled it “ the moa ” par excellence, the chances are that they gave it some other name, and possibly bestowed distinctive appellations upon the different species, which vary much in size. These things, however, we can never hope to know, and they are really of little consequence. The ornithologists have got hold of the unfortunate bird, and are quarrelling, as usual, over it? nomenclature. Strange tales are afloat about skulls being put on the wrong necks, and individual skeletons constructed into a variety of remains; but why worry ourselves about such trifles 1 The moa is gone to his long home ; the Maori will soon follow him ; and so far as human advancement is con cerned, each will have been about as useful as the other. The philo-barbarian has extolled the Maori as the perfection of the savage, and he is a noble being, as savages go ; but during all the ages of his existence he has never contributed one jot to human knowledge in art, science literature, or the principles of govern ment ; he has placed on record no dis tinguished examples of human virtue, whether displayed in the discharge of pub lic or of private duties ; and when he dies, his fellow man will have no more reason to regret, his disappearance from the earth than the washing away of a grain of sand from the sea-shore. 0. W. Purnell.

THE CHIMNEY CORNER.

A BOARDING HOUSE IDYLL. By Miss Braddon. The dining-room of Oholmondeley Mansion presented a rather cheerless aspect on Sunday morning. The younger ladies, limp and feverish from last night’s dance, either breakfasted in bed or Struggled wearily into the room just as the table was being cleared. The Oholmondeley dowagers, o’erspont with chaperon-work, or with the mingled excitement of 100 and a little something hot, made the Saturday ball an excuse for a lie-a-bed Sunday,_ and appeared generally about lunch-time, cross and pious. As for the gentlemen-boarders at the mansion, they had lost heart and appetite overnight, and pulled at their food in a jaded way—an English Sunday sitting heavy on their souls. ■ Indeed, having arrived on the previous Saturday evening, and partaken, in a mild way, of the current festivities, I hardly expected, from an intimate ac quaintance with the habits of the house, to find anybody ■ interesting at breakfast except Mrs. Bowser, our respected hostess, presiding at the head of an ocean of clean table-cloth, flanked at intervals by one or two of the disconsolate gentle-, men aforesaid. “ Breakfast on the table from nine to ten,” was th.e order ‘ of the house ; and entering the room midway between these llours, I found it, as usual, but thinly tenanted, and had no difficulty in obtain ing the seat I claimed as an habitue of the Oholmondeley, on Mrs. Bowser’s left hand. Of fifty inmates of the house, who with a very few “ outsiders,” had danced out the week in the first-floor drawing room, there were present at breakfast only some dozen men and two ladies, who had attended an early function, and made a conspicuous display of prayer-books on plates before them. At. the heacl oJL the table, Mrs. Bowser dispensed "lea that had been hot. At the foot Miss Amelia, sister and assis-taut of the hostess, dispensed coflee thatwas still warm. After saluting Mrs. Bowser, inclining my head to Miss Amelia, and including the rest of the company in a bland bow, I became aware of the circumstance that a gentleman, a new comer to the Cholmon deley, occupied the seat of horor on Mrs. Bowser’s right, which from time memorial had been devoted to Mrs. Twistleton, (of whom more hereafter,) and in her absence, to the personage of next importance then in residence. No sooner had my wants been supplied from the hot meats frizzling in the fender, I than Mrs. Bowser begged leave to intro duce me to her distinguished friend the Count Bouilli, who was honoring Ohol mondeley mansion with his presence. It would be impossible to conceive anything so essentially French as the Count’s general appearance. His dress was Parisian, his beard,j :and especially his moustache, 'could have been nurtured ,s nowhere out of Paris ; the extreme diffi culty he experienced in finding the right English words, and pronouncing even tho

easiest of them with an English accent, showed how unusually foreignfhe was, how extravagantly un-English. “To be made introduce to me, it was to him a more happy moment, than he could conceive.” In his struggle after English idiom he seemed to have lost all idiom. The conversation between us was not very animated, for my distinguished “ vis-a-vis ” seemed more inclined to oat than talk. Madame bestowed her smiles upon us alternatively, and noticing my furtive surprise at the Count’s peculiar ities of manner and costume, gave me a series of winks with her left eye, as much as to say, “ Oh, yes ; isn’t he a nice man 1 So charmingly French !” My admiring investigations were, how ever, intenupted by a general rising on the part of the breakfasting gentlemen, which attracted the attention of the Count and myself. It was caused by no less a circumstance than the appearance of “the belle of the Cholmondeley.” Neither the young lady who was at pre sent installed in that office, nor, as far as my experiences went, any of her prede cessors, had ever before honored the Sun day breakfast-table with their presence. Their manner was to tell each of their cavaliers severally that they were going to church at a quarter to eleven precisely, and then when the time came and the hall was full of young gentlemen moodily gazing at each other, in may colored scarfs and spotless gloves, to slip demurely out of the back door with mamma, returning at lunch time to ravish such of their ad mirers as had not started on a twenty mile walk in despair, by making them guess who had been the favored compa nion at church. It will save much confu sion if I explain at once that mammas are at a discount at Cholmondeley Mansion ; we know them only as their daughters’ encumbrance, who may prove trouble some at times. These remarks will serve to explain the sudden rising of the male element at the breakfast table—an example which the Count and myself, not to be singular, imitated at once. Half of us were in love with Miss Edie Twistleton, and the other half were strug gling feebly with the passion ; so that when she made her gracious appearance in the breakfast-room, and advanced to say “ Good morning,” to Mrs Bowser, it was natural that we should spring to our feet, and that at, least a dozen chairs should be offered by as many gentlemen, who further, with their disengaged hands, made clutches at plates of muffins and re mainder portions of frizzled ham as step ping-stones to the beauty’s favor. While the excitement was at its height, two dis tinct sniffs were audible from the direc tion of the ladies with the prayer books, (xo be continued. )

THE UNEMPLOYED.

Again the wires inform us of .agitations by the unemployed for work, and these are being made in every part of the colony, but chiefly in the centres of popu lation. Many people are sceptical of the existence to any great extent of real dis tress, and urge that steady, respectable, competent men do not require to be with out the means of livelihood. This may be so, but there can be no doubt entertained by thinking men of work being far less plentiful than we have known it, and that through the great influx of immigi’ation competitors for what is to be had have largely increased in number. Notwith standing all that has been said on the sub ject, no diminution appears to have taken place in the number of people who keep coming to the colony, and every ship that arrives brings its contingent of labor. Doubtless those laborers are brought here under different conditions from those who were imported under the indiscriminate regulations in vogue two years ago, but still, though their friends nominate them, or they pay their own passages, they have to enter the labor market when they arrive here, and, as the agitations we have referred to show, that market is glutted. It is a question how the supply and de mand are to be regulated, too, for we can see no prospect in the near future of the demand being at all equal to the supply. The present harvest is perhaps the most bountiful we have ever reaped, and it has been gathered from the largest area ever cropped in the colony, yet there were far more laborers wanting employment at it then ever before. To the skilled work man New Zealand does not offer many attractions as a field for immigration, for its manufactures are few and but poorly developed, while the circumstances of the Government have caused a great retrench ment to take place in the prosecution of public works. The question of the un employed is a--; difficult one to cope with, but we are glad to notice that Government are willing to• do what they can to relieve the immediate pressure. Still, Govern ment cannot go on for ever finding work for men who cannot obtain it from pri vate employers, and the older the colony grows the more workers -will enter the labor market, and it will require a time of great prosperity to fully absorb those already here. Government does well, therefore, to instruct the Home Agents to make known the state of the labor market here, for it is only by reduc ing or actually stopping immigration for a time that the supply of labor can be kept within the demand for it, and it would be well if the friends here of those in the old Country would tell to them a true tale of the actual state of the country. It is just as easy to be hard up here as, at Home, and the money paid for passages would be as well retained for a time.

Curious Application.—A novel appli cation was recently made- to the Chairman of the "West Derby Board of Guardians. It ran as follows,;—-“Dr. Sheldon.—Sir, —I write thos& few lines to you in bealf of the widu£ -< who has got two children she,, ia depending on the parish for some assistance. I wishers to take the said widur for my wife it will be taking much expence of the parish to alow me something towares House Keeping.—l re main, yours obediently, . ” The com munication was ordered to lie on the table. Gipsy Life around London.—lt. & estimated by Mr. Geo. Smith, of Cbal ville, Leicester, who has recently been ex ploring the queer outcast YN>sh£: of gipsy do m in different parts of England, that some 2,000 people called by- that name, but of very njfxed: KMJS). hiving in the manner Zulu Kaffirs, rather than 'of Europgan, citizens, frequent the neighbor hood' of London. They are not all thieves, not even all beggars and impostors, and they escape the law of vagrancy by paying a few shillings of weekly rent for pitch ing their tents or booths and standing their waggons or wheeled cabins on pieces of waste ground. At Hackney and Hack ney-wick, north-east of London— where the marsh meadows of the river Lea, un suitable for building land, seem to forbid the extension of town streets and blocks of brick or stuccoed terraces—where the pleasant wooded hills of Epping and Hainault Forests appear in the distance, inriting the jaded townsman on summer holidays to saunter in the Royal Chace of the old English kings and queens—where genuine ruralities still lie within an hour’s walk, of which the fashionable West- Ender knoweth nought—there lurks the free and fearless gipsy scamp, if scamp he truly be, with his squaw and his piccanin nies, in a wigwam hastily constructed of hoops and poles and blankets, or perhaps if he be the wealthy sheikh of his wild Bedouin tribe, in a caravan drawn from place to place by some lost and strayed plough-horse, the lawful owner of which j is a farmer in Northamptonshire.—“ Illus trated London News.” ■ - - j.

THE AbMii U 11/xuA xxKjAJiIJIAH, THUB.SDAY, MAJ&uo. xl, 1880.

Printed and published by Horace Weeks and Charles Dixon, at their Printing Office,; East Street, Ashburtcr*



Auctioneers, &c. J. E. BUCHANAN AND CO., AUCTIONEERS, LAND AND ESTATE AGENTS, ASHBURTON. PROPERTIES. THE following, amongst other PRO PERTIES, are placed in the Auction eer’s hands for LEASE and SALE: — ASHBURTON— A splendid paddock of 5 acres near Township. Six acres close to N. E. Bolt. Sections near Gas Works. House and garden, Burnett St. Capital 4-Roomed House, Peter St. ASHBURTON FORKS— -190 acres with splendid Creek. 200 acres in crop, fenced and sub divided. Good house and out buildings. WAKANUI — 100 acres near Moifatt’s Mill. 150 acres in crop. SEAFIELD — 400 acres fenced and subdivided. 196 acres fenced and subdivided. DROMORE -400 acres fenced and subdivided. Goad Stable and Cottage. CHRRTSEY — A few Township Sections. 150 acres near Railway. J. E. BUCHANAN & Co., 415 g Auctioneers. Publications. NE W ZEALAND WESLE VAN Published Monthly. JUST ARRIVED, the “ New Zealand Wesleyan” for March. Price 6d, Sold at the Heeald and Guaedxan Office, East Street. WEEKS AND DIXON, Agents. AGRICULTURAL PAPERS.



rjIHE PUBLISHERS have much pleasure in intimating to the Farmers of the County of Ashburton, that they have k issued a reprint in pamphlet form of a selection of AGRICULTURAL PAPERS Read before the Lincoln Farmers’ Club, compiled by J. Stanley Bruce, Esq., Price One Shilling. Orders for the above pamphlet, ac companied by thirteen stamps, should be addresssed to WEEKS & DIXON, Publishers, East Street. ALMANAC for 1880, printed on a neat card, with Ashburton Direc tory, Postal and Railway Guide, can be obtained gratuitously at the “ Guardian ” Office. Business Notices. james McDonald, PRACTICAL TAILOR, East street, Ashburton. A good Stock of Tweeds and Cloths on hai d. Summer Goods open shortly. 172 _______ P J. R. CHAPMAN, AINTER, GLAZIER, PAPER HANGER & SIGNWFJTER, Importer of Paperhangings,. White Lead, Glass, &c. The trade supplied at lowert' Wholesale Prices. 17 RAKAIA ANNOUNCEME NT. G. A. TINCENT, PRACTICAL PAINTER, GLAZIER, PAPERHANGER, &c., Near Bank New Zealand, RAKAIA, BEGS to announce that he J aas com m enced Business in Rakai a, and all •orders entrusted to him will prompt attention. receive ?94



Business Notices. VALUE EXTRAORDINARY. THE Great Bargains OF THE SEASON. GREAT CLEARANCE SALE FOR THIRTY DAYS. ORR AND CO. HAVING resolved to clear out the Balance of the Bankrupt Stocks purchased by them during the Season (amounting to over ten thousand pounds) regardless of coat so that they may commence the Autumn Season with en tirely a new Stock, ORR AND CO. Will also offer several cheap lots pur chased by them during the late depression. Special Bargains. 90 Pair Twilled Kaiapoi Blankets at 4s. under the usual price. Kaiapoi Flannel at Is. 4d., Is. 6d. to 2s. English Flannel at Is., Is. 2d., Is. 6d., to Is. 9d. Prints at sd. and 6d., worth 9d. Brown Hollands, 7d. to Is. COSTUMES. 56 Costumes at 215., worth 355. 6d., a Bargain. 64 Print Costumes at 7s. 6d. to 12s. 6d., worth 20s. 1700 yards Dress Goods, Alpaccas, at Bd., lOd., and Is. MILLINERY. Trimmed and Untrimmed Hats at half price. 2 Boxes Flowers, sold at 6d. per spray. Ladies’ Underclothing at very much under usual prices. 20 Dozen Stays at 3s. 6d., 45., 4s. 9d., to ss. 6d. CLOTHING. Men’s Suits at 15s. under usual prices. Boys’ Suits at 15s. 6d. to 355. Youth’s Suits at a little over half-price.' Braces, Ties, Collars, Socks, and Shirts,



unusually cheap. 20 Dozen Harvest Shirts at Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. BOOTS. Men’s Boots still sold at Bankrupt prices. Youth’s Boots in great variety. Ladies’ Kid Boots at old prices. 1 Case Children’s Boots at Is. and Is. 6d., a bargain. TAILORING DEARTMENT. WE HAVE MUCH PLEASURE IN ANNOUNCING TO THE PUBLIC THAT A Tailoring Branch HAS BEEN OPENED IN CON NECTION WITH OUR CLOTHING DEPARTMENT, HAVING MADE ARRANGEMENTS WITH MESSRS. CRAIGHEAD AND CO. (LATE OF EDINBURGH AND SAN FRANCISCO), PRACTICAL TAILORS, TO MAKE UP ALL ORDERS EN TRUSTED TO US IN THE VERY BEST STYLE. A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED. SCOTCH, ENGLISH, and COLONIAL TWEEDS IN GREAT VARIETY. THE CELEBRATED BLARNEY TWEED (CORK) KEPT IN STOCK, FANCY COATINGS IN GREAT VARIETY. SUITS from M 4s. DRESSMAKING DEPARTMENT. Drosses, Costumes, and Jackets made up to order, under the superintendence of a first-class Dressmaker. WEDDING & MOURNING ORDERS PUNCTUALLY ATTENDED TO.



ORE AND CO. IMPORTERS ASHBURTON , AND RAKAIa



Business Notices. JUST ARRIVED— SECOND SHIPMENT STATIONERY, STATIONERY, direct from the manufactory. Now Opening Up. A CHOICE ASSORTMENT OF Commercial AND Household STATIONERY. THE Largest and Finest Lot ever opened up in Ashburton, AND Equal to any exhibited in the



Colony. WEEKS & DIION, Printers, Publishers, AND COMMERCIAL, LAW, AND General Stationers, Guardian Office, EAST STREET ASHBURTON



Business Notices. A. J. WHITE'S STEAM CABINET M A KING AND FURNITURE ESTABLISHMENT, CHRISTCHURCH, Will be found one of the most convenient in New Zealand. THE Stock being so varied, that pur chasers may at once select any Article they can possibly require, suitable C for any class of House. This will bo found an IMMENSE ADVANTAGE TO COUN TRY CUSTOMERS Thus saving time, trouble and expense. 589 a BREAD ! BREAD! Co-operative Bread and Biscuit Factory. Triangle, Wakanui Road, Ashburton. A. THIELE, BEGS to inform the public that he is now in a position to SUPPLY BEST BREAD, 6d. per 41b. loaf, unsur passed. Delivered daily to all parts of the Borough, also, Confectionery, Ac. Mixed Biscuits reduced from Is. to Bd. per lb. Wedding Cakes made to Order. 122c-670a REMOVED TO WAKANUI ROAD, Next to Post Office. JOSEPH WARD, FAMILY BUTCHER, BEGS to inform the Public of Ash-, burton that he will Open as above on Saturday next, and intends selling for cash at a REDUCTION in PRICES. First-class Beef, 3d. to sd. per lb. First-class Mutton, 2d. to 3d. per lb. Legs, 3£d per lb. JOSEPH WARD, 892a* Butcher. JUST ARRIVED—English Papers and Magazines, Young Ladies’ Journal, Bow Bells, London Journal, &c., &c. H. M. JONES, Stationer, ' Baring Square. > BALT. PROGRAMME CARDS in very neat styles, with Pencils and Ribbons, printed at the Herald Office, East street, near Railway Station, CHINIQUY’S LECTURES.—Just Ar rived, New Edition. H. M. Jones, Baring Square. ________ Medical. ENO’S FRUIT SALT. THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF LIFE. GOOD FOOD. r ■ How to enjoy good food that would other wise cause Bilious headache, disordered Stomach, Poisoned Blood, &c. —use ENO’S FRUIT SALT. A NATURAL APERIENT. ENO’S FRUIT, S ALT, when taken with water, acts as a natural aperient, its simple but natural action removes all impurities, thus preserving and restotfng health. If its great value in keep ing the body in health were universally known, no family should be without it. pAGGED, WEARY, AND WORN OUT!! ! Anyone whose duties require them to under go mental or unnatural excitement or strain— ENO’S FRUIT SALT is the best known rctfteHF It nets like a charm. It allays ner vous Excitement, depression, aud the injurious effects of stimulants and too rich food, _ _ Its power in aiding the digestion is most striking. It also restores the nervous system toils proper condition (by natural means). Use ENOjS FRUIT SALT. You cannot overstate its great value in keeping the blood pure and free from disease.



ENO versus STIMULANTS. An in sufficient amount of exercise frequently deranges the liver. ENO’S FRUIT SALT is peculiarly adapted for any constitutional weak ness of the liver. A world of woes is avoided by those who keep and use ENO’S FRUIT SALT.—“AII our customers for Eno’s Salt would not be without it upon any consideration, they having received so much benefit from it.— Wood Brothers, Chemists, Jersey, 1878.” Every travelling trunk and HOUSEHOLD in the world ought to contain a Bottle of ENO’S FRUIT SALT, prepared from Sound, Ripe Fruit, as a Health giving, Cooling, Sparkling, and Invigorating Beverage for any Season. It is the best Pre ventive and Cure for Biliousness, Sick Head ache, Skin Eruptions, Impure Bleed, Fevers, Pimples on the Face, Giddiness Feverishness, Mental Depression, Want of Appetite, Sour ness of Stomach, Constipation, Vomiting, Thirst, &c., and to remove the effects of errors in Eating and Drinking. ENO’S FRUIT SALT.— From the Rev. Dr Hurst, Vicar of Collorly :—“I have nsed your Fruit Salt for many years, and have verified your statements. The thanks of the public are due to you for your unceasing efforts to relieve suffering humanity. Long may you live to be a blessing to the world,” ENO’S FRUIT SALT.—“After suffering for nearly two and a half years from severe headache and disordered stomach, and after trying almost everything and spending much money without finding any benefit, I was recommended by a friend to try ENO’S FRUIT SALT, and before I had finished one bottle I found it doing me a great deal of good, and now I am restored to my usual health; and others I know that have tried it have not enjoyed such good health for yearn.—Yours most truly, Robert Humphreys, Post Office, Barrasford. ” Agents for New Zealand, MESSRS. KEMPTHORNE, PROSSER, AND CO. STEEDMAN’S SOOTHING POWDERS FOR CHILDREN CUTTING TEETH. CAUTION TO PURCHASERS. The value of this well-known Family Medi cine has been largely tested in all parts of the world, and by all grades of society, for upwards of FIFTY YEARS. Its well-earned exten sive sale has induced SPURIOUS IMITA TIONS, some of which in OUTWARD APPEARANCE so closely resemble the ori ginal as to have deceived many purchasers. The proprietor therefore feels it due to the public to give a special caution against the use of SUCH IMITATIONS. Purchasers are therefore requested carefully to observe the four following distinctive characteristics, without which none are genuine : Ist—ln every, case the words JOHN STEEDMAN, CHEMIST, WALWORTH, SURREY, are eligraved on the Government Stamp affixed to each packet. 2nd—Each Single Powder has directions for the dose, and the words, John Steedman, Chemist, Walworth, Surrey, printed thereon. 3rd —The name, Steedman, is always spelt with two EE’s. 4th— I The manufacture is carried on solely at Walworth, Surrey. Sold in Packets by all Chemists and Medi cine Vendors. Sold by Kempthorne, Prosser and Co.,



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