DTE Energy 2014.03.31 10Q
For the Quarterly Period ended March 31, 2014
Commission file number 1-11607
One Energy Plaza, Detroit, Michigan
At March 31, 2014, 177,016,824 shares of DTE Energy's common stock were outstanding, substantially all of which were held by non-affiliates.
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
Quarter Ended March 31, 2014
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Unaudited)
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)
EX-10-88
EX-101.INS XBRL Instance Document
EX-101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
EX-101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
EX-101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Database
EX-101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
EX-101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
Citizens Fuel Gas Company, which distributes natural gas in Adrian, Michigan
DTE Energy Company and any subsidiary companies
Michigan legislation giving customers the option to choose alternative suppliers for electricity and natural gas.
DTE Electric Company (a direct wholly owned subsidiary of DTE Energy Company) and subsidiary companies.
DTE Energy Company, directly or indirectly the parent of DTE Electric, DTE Gas and numerous non-utility subsidiaries.
DTE Gas Company (an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of DTE Energy) and subsidiary companies.
An entity that is not a public utility. Its conditions of service, prices of goods and services and other operating related matters are not directly regulated by the MPSC.
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Tax credits as authorized under Sections 45K and 45 of the Internal Revenue Code that are designed to stimulate investment in and development of alternate fuel sources. The amount of a production tax credit can vary each year as determined by the Internal Revenue Service.
A Power Supply Cost Recovery mechanism authorized by the MPSC that allows DTE Electric to recover through rates its fuel, fuel-related and purchased power costs.
The direct and indirect subsidiaries of DTE Energy Company
Heat value (energy content) of fuel
Certain information presented herein includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 with respect to the financial condition, results of operations and business of DTE Energy. Words such as "anticipate," "believe," "expect," "projected," "aspiration" and "goals" signify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results and conditions, but rather are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties that may cause actual future results to be materially different from those contemplated, projected, estimated or budgeted. Many factors may impact forward-looking statements including, but not limited to, the following:
impact of regulation by the FERC, MPSC, NRC, CFTC and other applicable governmental proceedings and regulations, including any associated impact on rate structures;
the amount and timing of cost recovery allowed as a result of regulatory proceedings, related appeals or new legislation; including legislative amendments and Customer Choice programs;
economic conditions and population changes in our geographic area resulting in changes in demand, customer conservation and thefts of electricity and natural gas;
health, safety, financial, environmental and regulatory risks associated with ownership and operation of nuclear facilities;
changes in the cost and availability of coal and other raw materials, purchased power and natural gas;
volatility in the short-term natural gas storage markets impacting third-party storage revenues;
volatility in commodity markets, deviations in weather and related risks impacting the results of our energy trading operations;
the potential for increased costs or delays in completion of significant construction projects;
changes in and application of federal, state and local tax laws and their interpretations, including the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, rulings, court proceedings and audits;
the cost of protecting assets against, or damage due to, terrorism or cyber attacks;
the availability, cost, coverage and terms of insurance and stability of insurance providers;
changes in federal or state laws and their interpretation with respect to regulation, energy policy and other business issues;
binding arbitration, litigation and related appeals; and
the risks discussed in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
New factors emerge from time to time. We cannot predict what factors may arise or how such factors may cause our results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Any forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Fuel, purchased power and gas
Asset (gains) and losses, reserves and impairments, net
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Basic Earnings per Common Share
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
Dividends Declared per Common Share
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Benefit obligations, net of taxes of $— and $1
Foreign currency translation, net of taxes of $(1) and $—
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Less comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Comprehensive income attributable to DTE Energy Company
Restricted cash, principally Securitization
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $56 and $55, respectively)
Fuel and gas
Materials and supplies
Regulatory assets
Nuclear decommissioning trust funds
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
Securitized regulatory assets
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Unaudited) — (Continued)
(In millions, except shares)
Short-term borrowings
Current portion long-term debt, including capital leases
Gas inventory equalization
Regulatory liabilities
Long-Term Debt (net of current portion)
Mortgage bonds, notes and other
Securitization bonds
Junior subordinated debentures
Capital lease obligations
Asset retirement obligations
Unamortized investment tax credit
Accrued pension liability
Accrued postretirement liability
Nuclear decommissioning
Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 6 and 10)
Common stock, without par value, 400,000,000 shares authorized, 177,016,824 and 177,087,230 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
Total DTE Energy Company Equity
Noncontrolling interests
Accrued pension obligation
Accrued postretirement obligation
Derivative assets and liabilities
Regulatory assets and liabilities
Net cash from operating activities
Plant and equipment expenditures — utility
Plant and equipment expenditures — non-utility
Proceeds from sale of assets
Restricted cash for debt redemption, principally Securitization
Proceeds from sale of nuclear decommissioning trust fund assets
Investment in nuclear decommissioning trust funds
Net cash used for investing activities
Issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs
Redemption of long-term debt
Short-term borrowings, net
Issuance of common stock
Dividends on common stock
Net cash used for financing activities
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Plant and equipment expenditures in accounts payable
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)
Non-Controlling Interests
(Dollars in millions, shares in thousands)
Dividends declared on common stock
Foreign currency translation, net of tax
Stock-based compensation, distributions to noncontrolling interests and other
Balance, March 31, 2014
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
DTE Energy owns the following businesses:
DTE Electric, an electric utility engaged in the generation, purchase, distribution and sale of electricity to approximately 2.1 million customers in southeastern Michigan;
DTE Gas, a natural gas utility engaged in the purchase, storage, transportation, distribution and sale of natural gas to approximately 1.2 million customers throughout Michigan and the sale of storage and transportation capacity; and
Other businesses involved in 1) natural gas pipelines, gathering and storage; 2) power and industrial projects; and 3) energy marketing and trading operations.
DTE Electric and DTE Gas are regulated by the MPSC. Certain activities of DTE Electric and DTE Gas, as well as various other aspects of businesses under DTE Energy are regulated by the FERC. In addition, the Company is regulated by other federal and state regulatory agencies including the NRC, the EPA, the MDEQ and the CFTC.
References in this Report to "Company" or "DTE" are to DTE Energy and its subsidiaries, collectively.
These Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These accounting principles require management to use estimates and assumptions that impact reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the Company's estimates.
The Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited, but in the Company's opinion include all adjustments necessary to present a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except as otherwise disclosed in these Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Financial results for this interim period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2014.
Certain prior year balances were reclassified to match the current year's financial statement presentation. Such revisions included an increase in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows line items for (i) Proceeds from sale of nuclear decommissioning trust funds, and (ii) Investment in nuclear decommissioning trust funds by $124 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013. These revisions were needed to properly state the gross purchases and sales activity in the nuclear decommissioning trust fund for the quarter. The total of Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was unchanged by these revisions. The revisions noted above are not deemed material, individually or in the aggregate, to the prior period consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates all majority-owned subsidiaries and investments in entities in which it has controlling influence. Non-majority owned investments are accounted for using the equity method when the Company is able to influence the operating policies of the investee. When the Company does not influence the operating policies of an investee, the cost method is used. These consolidated financial statements also reflect the Company's proportionate interests in certain jointly owned utility plants. The Company eliminates all intercompany balances and transactions.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company evaluates whether an entity is a VIE whenever reconsideration events occur. The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. If the Company is not the primary beneficiary and an ownership interest is held, the VIE is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. When assessing the determination of the primary beneficiary, the Company considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including: the power, through voting or similar rights, to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and the obligation to absorb the expected losses and/or the right to receive the expected returns of the VIE. The Company performs ongoing reassessments of all VIEs to determine if the primary beneficiary status has changed.
Legal entities within the Company's Power and Industrial Projects segment enter into long-term contractual arrangements with customers to supply energy-related products or services. The entities are generally designed to pass-through the commodity risk associated with these contracts to the customers, with the Company retaining operational and customer default risk. These entities generally are VIEs and consolidated when the Company is the primary beneficiary. In addition, we have interests in certain VIEs through which we share control of all significant activities for those entities with our partners, and therefore are accounted for under the equity method.
The Company has variable interests in VIEs through certain of its long-term purchase contracts. As of March 31, 2014, the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position that relate to its variable interests under long-term purchase contracts are predominately related to working capital accounts and generally represent the amounts owed by the Company for the deliveries associated with the current billing cycle under the contracts. The Company has not provided any form of financial support associated with these long-term contracts. There is no significant potential exposure to loss as a result of its variable interests through these long-term purchase contracts.
In 2001, DTE Electric financed a regulatory asset related to Fermi 2 and certain other regulatory assets through the sale of rate reduction bonds by a wholly-owned special purpose entity, Securitization. DTE Electric performs servicing activities including billing and collecting surcharge revenue for Securitization. This entity is a VIE and is consolidated by the Company.
The maximum risk exposure for consolidated VIEs is reflected on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. For non-consolidated VIEs, the maximum risk exposure is generally limited to its investment and amounts which it has guaranteed.
The following table summarizes the major balance sheet items for consolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. All assets and liabilities of a consolidated VIE are presented where it has been determined that a consolidated VIE has either (1) assets that can be used only to settle obligations of the VIE or (2) liabilities for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary. VIEs, in which the Company holds a majority voting interest and is the primary beneficiary, that meet the definition of a business and whose assets can be used for purposes other than the settlement of the VIE's obligations have been excluded from the table below.
Accounts payable and accrued current liabilities
Current regulatory liabilities
Amounts for non-consolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are as follows:
NOTE 2 — SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Other income is recognized for non-operating income such as equity earnings, interest and dividends, allowance for funds used during construction and contract services. Power & Industrial Projects also recognizes Other income in connection with the sale of membership interests in reduced emissions fuel facilities to investors. In exchange for the cash received, the investors will receive a portion of the economic attributes of the facilities, including income tax attributes. The transactions are not treated as a sale of membership interests for financial reporting purposes. Other income is considered earned when refined coal is produced and tax credits are generated. Power & Industrial Projects recognized approximately $17 million and $15 million of Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is the change in common shareholders' equity during a period from transactions and events from non-owner sources, including net income. As shown in the following tables, amounts recorded to accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2014 include unrealized gains and losses from derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, the Company's interest in other comprehensive income of equity investees, which comprise the net unrealized gains and losses on investments, changes in benefit obligations, consisting of deferred actuarial losses, prior service costs and transition amounts related to pension and other postretirement benefit plans, and foreign currency translation adjustments.
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component (a)
For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Derivatives
Net Unrealized Gain/(Loss) on Investments
Benefit Obligations (b)
Beginning balance, December 31, 2013
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
Net current-period other comprehensive income
Ending balance, March 31, 2014
All amounts are net of tax.
The amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income are included in the computation of the net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits cost (see Note 11).
The Company has certain intangible assets relating to emission allowances, renewable energy credits and non-utility contracts as shown below:
Emission allowances
Renewable energy credits
Contract intangible assets
Less accumulated amortization
Less current intangible assets
Emission allowances and renewable energy credits are charged to expense, using average cost, as the allowances and credits are consumed in the operation of the business. The Company amortizes contract intangible assets on a straight-line basis over the expected period of benefit, ranging from 1 to 28 years.
The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2014 was 33% as compared to 31% for the three months ended March 31, 2013. The 2% increase in effective tax rate is due to $8 million of deferred tax expense resulting from New York state income tax reform enacted on March 31, 2014.
The Company had $2 million of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2014, that, if recognized, would favorably impact its effective tax rate. The Company believes that it is possible that there will be a decrease in the unrecognized tax benefits of up to $1 million in the next twelve months.
NOTE 3 — FAIR VALUE
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in a principal or most advantageous market. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on inputs, which refer broadly to assumptions that market participants use in pricing assets or liabilities. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated or generally unobservable inputs. The Company makes certain assumptions it believes that market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities, including assumptions about risk, and the risks inherent in the inputs to valuation techniques. Credit risk of the Company and its counterparties is incorporated in the valuation of assets and liabilities through the use of credit reserves, the impact of which was immaterial at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Company believes it uses valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable market-based inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.
A fair value hierarchy has been established that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value in three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value might fall in different levels of the fair value hierarchy. All assets and liabilities are required to be classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Assessing the significance of a particular input may require judgment considering factors specific to the asset or liability, and may affect the valuation of the asset or liability and its placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company classifies fair value balances based on the fair value hierarchy defined as follows:
Level 1 — Consists of unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the reporting date.
Level 2 — Consists of inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data.
Level 3 — Consists of unobservable inputs for assets or liabilities whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies using inputs that are generally less readily observable and supported by little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best available information and subject to cost-benefit constraints.
The following table presents assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
Netting (a)
Net Balance
Cash equivalents (b)
Nuclear decommissioning trusts
Other investments (c) (d)
Derivative assets:
Commodity Contracts:
Total derivative assets
Derivative liabilities:
Other derivative contracts (f)
Total derivative liabilities
Net Assets (Liabilities) at the end of the period
Noncurrent (e)
Noncurrent
Amounts represent the impact of master netting agreements that allow the Company to net gain and loss positions and cash collateral held or placed with the same counterparties.
At March 31, 2014, available-for-sale securities of $58 million included $43 million and $15 million of cash equivalents included in Restricted cash and Other investments on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, respectively. At December 31, 2013, available-for-sale securities of $125 million, included $109 million and $16 million of cash equivalents included in Restricted cash and Other investments on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, respectively.
Excludes cash surrender value of life insurance investments.
Available-for-sale equity securities of $7 million at both March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, are included in Other investments on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Includes $138 million and $136 million at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively, of other investments that are included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position in Other investments.
Includes Interest rate contracts and Foreign currency exchange contracts.
Cash equivalents include investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. The cash equivalents shown in the fair value table are comprised of short-term investments and money market funds.
Nuclear Decommissioning Trusts and Other Investments
The nuclear decommissioning trusts and other investments hold debt and equity securities directly and indirectly through institutional mutual funds. Exchange-traded debt and equity securities held directly are valued using quoted market prices in actively traded markets. The institutional mutual funds hold exchange-traded equity or debt securities and are valued based on stated net asset values (NAV). Non-exchange-traded fixed income securities are valued based upon quotations available from brokers or pricing services. A primary price source is identified by asset type, class or issue for each security. The trustee monitors prices supplied by pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary price source of a given security if the trustee determines that another price source is considered to be preferable. DTE Energy has obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived, including the nature and observability of the inputs used in deriving such prices. Additionally, DTE Energy selectively corroborates the fair value of securities by comparison of market-based price sources. Investment policies and procedures are determined by the Company's Trust Investments Department which reports to the Company's Vice President and Treasurer.
Derivative assets and liabilities are comprised of physical and financial derivative contracts, including futures, forwards, options and swaps that are both exchange-traded and over-the-counter traded contracts. Various inputs are used to value derivatives depending on the type of contract and availability of market data. Exchange-traded derivative contracts are valued using quoted prices in active markets. DTE Energy considers the following criteria in determining whether a market is considered active: frequency in which pricing information is updated, variability in pricing between sources or over time and the availability of public information. Other derivative contracts are valued based upon a variety of inputs including commodity market prices, broker quotes, interest rates, credit ratings, default rates, market-based seasonality and basis differential factors. DTE Energy monitors the prices that are supplied by brokers and pricing services and may use a supplemental price source or change the primary price source of an index if prices become unavailable or another price source is determined to be more representative of fair value. DTE Energy has obtained an understanding of how these prices are derived. Additionally, DTE Energy selectively corroborates the fair value of its transactions by comparison of market-based price sources. Mathematical valuation models are used for derivatives for which external market data is not readily observable, such as contracts which extend beyond the actively traded reporting period. The Company has established a Risk Management Committee whose responsibilities include directly or indirectly ensuring all valuation methods are applied in accordance with predefined policies. The development and maintenance of our forward price curves has been assigned to our Risk Management Department, which is separate and distinct from the trading functions within the Company.
The following tables present the fair value reconciliation of Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014
Net Assets (Liabilities) as of January 1
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Total gains (losses):
Included in earnings
Recorded in regulatory assets/liabilities
Purchases, issuances and settlements:
Net Assets (Liabilities) as of March 31
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributed to the change in unrealized gains (losses) related to assets and liabilities held at March 31, 2014 and 2013 and reflected in Operating revenues and Fuel, purchased power and gas in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
Derivatives are transferred between levels primarily due to changes in the source data used to construct price curves as a result of changes in market liquidity. Transfers in and transfers out are reflected as if they had occurred at the beginning of the period. The following table shows transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013:
Transfers into Level 1 from
$ N/A
The following table presents the unobservable inputs related to Level 3 assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2014:
Commodity Contracts
Valuation Techniques
Unobservable Input
Discounted Cash Flow
Forward basis price (per MMBtu)
/MMBtu
)/MMBtu
Forward basis price (per MWh)
/MWh
The following table presents the unobservable inputs related to Level 3 assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013:
The unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the electricity and natural gas commodity types consist of inputs that are less observable due in part to lack of available broker quotes, supported by little, if any, market activity at the measurement date or are based on internally developed models. Certain basis prices (i.e. the difference in pricing between two locations) included in the valuation of natural gas and electricity contracts were deemed unobservable.
The inputs listed above would have a direct impact on the fair values of the above security types if they were adjusted. A significant increase (decrease) in the basis price would result in a higher (lower) fair value for long positions, with offsetting impacts to short positions.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of financial instruments included in the table below is determined by using quoted market prices when available. When quoted prices are not available, pricing services may be used to determine the fair value with reference to observable interest rate indexes. DTE Energy has obtained an understanding of how the fair values are derived. DTE Energy also selectively corroborates the fair value of its transactions by comparison of market-based price sources. Discounted cash flow analyses based upon estimated current borrowing rates are also used to determine fair value when quoted market prices are not available. The fair values of notes receivable, excluding capital leases, are estimated using discounted cash flow techniques that incorporate market interest rates as well as assumptions about the remaining life of the loans and credit risk. Depending on the information available, other valuation techniques may be used that rely on internal assumptions and models. Valuation policies and procedures are determined by DTE Energy's Treasury Department which reports to the Company's Vice President and Treasurer.
The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
Notes receivable, excluding capital leases
See Note 4 for further fair value information on financial and derivative instruments.
DTE Electric has a legal obligation to decommission its nuclear power plants following the expiration of their operating licenses. This obligation is reflected as an asset retirement obligation on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. Rates approved by the MPSC provide for the recovery of decommissioning costs of Fermi 2 and the disposal of low-level radioactive waste. DTE Electric is continuing to fund FERC jurisdictional amounts for decommissioning even though explicit provisions are not included in FERC rates.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the nuclear decommissioning trust fund assets:
Fermi 2
Low level radioactive waste
The costs of securities sold are determined on the basis of specific identification. The following table sets forth the gains and losses and proceeds from the sale of securities by the nuclear decommissioning trust funds:
Realized gains
Realized losses
Proceeds from sales of securities
Realized gains and losses from the sale of securities for the Fermi 2 and the low-level radioactive waste funds are recorded to the Regulatory asset and Nuclear decommissioning liability. The following table sets forth the fair value and unrealized gains for the nuclear decommissioning trust funds:
The debt securities at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 had an average maturity of approximately 7 years, respectively. Securities held in the nuclear decommissioning trust funds are classified as available-for-sale. As DTE Electric does not have the ability to hold impaired investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery of market value, all unrealized losses are considered to be other-than-temporary impairments.
Unrealized losses incurred by the Fermi 2 trust are recognized as a Regulatory asset. DTE Electric recognized $33 million and $31 million of unrealized losses as Regulatory assets at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. Since the decommissioning of Fermi 1 is funded by DTE Electric rather than through a regulatory recovery mechanism, there is no corresponding regulatory asset treatment. Therefore, unrealized losses incurred by the Fermi 1 trust are recognized in earnings immediately. There were no unrealized losses recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 for Fermi 1.
Other Securities
At March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the securities were comprised primarily of money market and equity securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, no amounts of unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities were reclassified out of other comprehensive income and realized into net income for the periods. Gains related to trading securities held at March 31, 2014 and 2013 were $2 million and $8 million, respectively.
NOTE 4 — FINANCIAL AND OTHER DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company recognizes all derivatives at their fair value as Derivative assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position unless they qualify for certain scope exceptions, including the normal purchases and normal sales exception. Further, derivatives that qualify and are designated for hedge accounting are classified as either hedges of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge), or as hedges of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (fair value hedge). For cash flow hedges, the portion of the derivative gain or loss that is effective in offsetting the change in the value of the underlying exposure is deferred in Accumulated other comprehensive income and later reclassified into earnings when the underlying transaction occurs. Gains or losses from the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges are recognized in earnings immediately. For fair value hedges, changes in fair values for the derivative and hedged item are recognized in earnings each period. For derivatives that do not qualify or are not designated for hedge accounting, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings each period.
The Company's primary market risk exposure is associated with commodity prices, credit, and interest rates. The Company has risk management policies to monitor and manage market risks. The Company uses derivative instruments to manage some of the exposure. The Company uses derivative instruments for trading purposes in its Energy Trading segment. Contracts classified as derivative instruments include electricity, natural gas, oil and certain coal forwards, futures, options and swaps, and foreign currency exchange contracts. Items not classified as derivatives include natural gas inventory, pipeline transportation contracts, renewable energy credits and natural gas storage assets.
Electric — DTE Electric generates, purchases, distributes and sells electricity. DTE Electric uses forward energy contracts to manage changes in the price of electricity and fuel. Substantially all of these contracts meet the normal purchases and sales exemption and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method. Other derivative contracts are MTM and recoverable through the PSCR mechanism when settled. This results in the deferral of unrealized gains and losses as Regulatory assets or liabilities until realized.
Gas — DTE Gas purchases, stores, transports, distributes and sells natural gas and sells storage and transportation capacity. DTE Gas has fixed-priced contracts for portions of its expected natural gas supply requirements through March 2017. Substantially all of these contracts meet the normal purchases and sales exemption and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method. DTE Gas may also sell forward transportation and storage capacity contracts. Forward transportation and storage contracts are generally not derivatives and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method.
Gas Storage and Pipelines — This segment is primarily engaged in services related to the transportation and storage of natural gas. Primarily fixed-priced contracts are used in the marketing and management of transportation and storage services. Generally these contracts are not derivatives and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method.
Power and Industrial Projects — This segment manages and operates energy and pulverized coal projects, coke batteries, reduced emissions fuel projects, landfill gas recovery and power generation assets. Primarily fixed-price contracts are used in the marketing and management of the segment assets. These contracts are generally not derivatives and are therefore accounted for under the accrual method.
Energy Trading — Commodity Price Risk — Energy Trading markets and trades electricity, coal, natural gas physical products and energy financial instruments, and provides energy and asset management services utilizing energy commodity derivative instruments. Forwards, futures, options and swap agreements are used to manage exposure to the risk of market price and volume fluctuations in its operations. These derivatives are accounted for by recording changes in fair value to earnings unless hedge accounting criteria are met.
Energy Trading — Foreign Currency Exchange Risk — Energy Trading has foreign currency exchange forward contracts to economically hedge fixed Canadian dollar commitments existing under natural gas and power purchase and sale contracts and natural gas transportation contracts. The Company enters into these contracts to mitigate price volatility with respect to fluctuations of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar. These derivatives are accounted for by recording changes in fair value to earnings unless hedge accounting criteria are met.
Corporate and Other — Interest Rate Risk — The Company uses interest rate swaps, treasury locks and other derivatives to hedge the risk associated with interest rate market volatility. In 2004 and 2000, the Company entered into a series of interest rate derivatives to limit its sensitivity to market interest rate risk associated with the issuance of long-term debt. Such instruments were designated as cash flow hedges. The Company subsequently issued long-term debt and terminated these hedges at a cost that is included in Other comprehensive loss. Amounts recorded in Other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to interest expense through 2033. In 2014, the Company estimates reclassifying less than $1 million of losses to earnings.
Credit Risk — The utility and non-utility businesses are exposed to credit risk if customers or counterparties do not comply with their contractual obligations. The Company maintains credit policies that significantly minimize overall credit risk. These policies include an evaluation of potential customers' and counterparties' financial condition, credit rating, collateral requirements or other credit enhancements such as letters of credit or guarantees. The Company generally uses standardized agreements that allow the netting of positive and negative transactions associated with a single counterparty. The Company maintains a provision for credit losses based on factors surrounding the credit risk of its customers, historical trends, and other information. Based on the Company's credit policies and its March 31, 2014 provision for credit losses, the Company's exposure to counterparty nonperformance is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial statements.
Derivative Activities
The Company manages its MTM risk on a portfolio basis based upon the delivery period of its contracts and the individual components of the risks within each contract. Accordingly, it records and manages the energy purchase and sale obligations under its contracts in separate components based on the commodity (e.g. electricity or natural gas), the product (e.g. electricity for delivery during peak or off-peak hours), the delivery location (e.g. by region), the risk profile (e.g. forward or option), and the delivery period (e.g. by month and year). The following describes the categories of activities represented by their operating characteristics and key risks:
Asset Optimization — Represents derivative activity associated with assets owned and contracted by DTE Energy, including forward natural gas purchases and sales, natural gas transportation and storage capacity. Changes in the value of derivatives in this category typically economically offset changes in the value of underlying non-derivative positions, which do not qualify for fair value accounting. The difference in accounting treatment of derivatives in this category and the underlying non-derivative positions can result in significant earnings volatility.
Marketing and Origination — Represents derivative activity transacted by originating substantially hedged positions with wholesale energy marketers, producers, end users, utilities, retail aggregators and alternative energy suppliers.
Fundamentals Based Trading — Represents derivative activity transacted with the intent of taking a view, capturing market price changes, or putting capital at risk. This activity is speculative in nature as opposed to hedging an existing exposure.
Other — Includes derivative activity at DTE Electric related to FTRs. Changes in the value of derivative contracts at DTE Electric are recorded as Derivative Assets or Liabilities, with an offset to Regulatory Assets or Liabilities as the settlement value of these contracts will be included in the PSCR mechanism when realized.
The following tables present the fair value of derivative instruments as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Total derivatives: