Pakistan serves as a suitable case study for this research because it is a country with severe gender
discrimination and a poor nutritional status of children. The country ranks second lowest in the global
gender index [15] and 38% of children under the age of five have stunted growth. Women’s role in
agricultural productivity and household food security in Pakistan is undeniable and significant; 70% of
the women labor force is engaged in the agriculture sector [16,17]. However, most of them do not have
land ownership and property rights; only 1–2% of women own land autonomously, and about 10% of
women share land with their spouses [18], with very few effectively controlling land.
According to the Islamic jurisprudence and the Pakistani constitution, women are entitled to
acquire land through gifts, inheritance, will, and purchases. The constitution not only gives women
and men equal rights, but also gives the state the right to intervene if someone abolishes the rights of
marginalized groups [19]. However, customary practices predominate and deprive women of their
land rights. Coupled with a lack of governance, family, social and cultural factors together lead to the
denial of women’s land rights.

### Language ###
English

### Assessment ###
Can ask about the percentage of women who own land in Pakistan autonomously, which is a clear factual detail in the text.

### Query ###
What percentage of women in Pakistan own land independently?
What percentage of women in Pakistan own land independently?