3.4. Virulent Viruses

Virulent viruses are incapable of lysogenic life cycle as they do not maintain regulation machinery that would allow them to retain from virus particle production. Virulent viruses destroy the infected cell vehicle at the end of their replication cycle. However, some virulent viruses can sometimes halt their replication cycle when the host cell is going into dormant state [27].
3.5. Passive Movement of Other Replicators

Prokaryotic cell vehicles can harbor other replicators that can occasionally move horizontally between cell-vehicle lineages, but they do not actively encode functions that would facilitate horizontal movement. These replicators include genetic elements like nonconjugative plasmids, and transposons. Plasmids, transposons, and even complete chromosomes can become transferred from one vehicle to another through the same conjugation channels that conjugative plasmids and ICEs use. Some plasmids or plasmid-like elements can spread from one cell to another within virus capsid [28] or cell-to-cell connecting nanotubes [29, 30]. Moreover, the natural competence of certain cell vehicles allows the uptake of foreign genetic material from the environment [31, 32], which can lead into horizontal movement of replicators between unrelated vehicle lineages. I will not perform thorough analysis of these various types of ways by which genetic information may become transferred between cell vehicles, but it is important to note that such events occur in natural systems.

### Language ###
English

### Assessment ###
Getting information about how genetic material can move between cells through natural means

### Query ###
In nature, give me the different ways DNA can pass from one cell to another without artificial intervention.
In nature, give me the different ways DNA can pass from one cell to another without artificial intervention.