Political Change and Human Emancipation in the Works of Heinrich von Kleist 
Elystan Griffiths
Camden House
The German writer Heinrich von Kleist (1777-1811) was an unconventional and often controversial figure in his own day, and has remained so. His ideas on art, politics, and gender relations continue to challenge modern readers, and his complex and radically open texts remain the object of vigorous scholarly debate. Kleist has often been portrayed as a ''poet without a society,'' whose writing served as escape from the realities of his social environment. This new study challenges such a view by situating Kleist in relation to the central political and philosophical debates of his momentous age. It charts the political climate of Kleist's native Prussia through its transformation under Frederick the Great into a leading European military power, the crisis of its defeat and near-destruction under Napoleon Bonaparte, and its partial reform and reconstruction under the liberal statesmen Stein, Hardenberg, and Humboldt, and the military leaders Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Against this background, the study also considers how the leading writers and thinkers of the day, including Kant, Herder, Schiller, Goethe, Fichte, and Adam Müller conceptualized the Germannation as a political and cultural entity. The study first establishes the German--and Prussian--context of Kleist's day, and then provides a short introduction to Kleist's life, seen here in particular relation to the political world. Developing his argument in relation to Kleist's literary work and essays in a series of close readings, Elystan Griffiths shows how Kleist's writings responded intelligently to four pressing political issues: the relationship of national culture and the state; education and social reform; the theory and practice of war; and administration and the delivery of justice. Griffiths sheds fresh light on Kleist's writing by placing emphasis on its intricacy and rich ambiguity, which are often simplified or overlooked in political studies of Kleist.