How many instances of l are there in:
Block of L-type Ca channels by highly hydrophilic dihydropyridines, NKY-722 and KV-1360, was investigated in single ventricular cells of guinea-pig hearts using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique. At a holding potential of -30 mV, NKY-722 (1-100 nM) decreased the amplitude of the L-type Ca channel current (ICa) in a concentration-dependent manner. NKY-722 did not change time constants of the decay of ICa. In the presence of NKY-722 (1 μM), the steady-state inactivation curve was shifted toward a more negative potential (by minus;33.0 ± 2.0 mV) without changing its slope factor. The use-dependent block was elicited at pulse frequency of 3.3 Hz or more. Even after washing out the drug at -80 mV for 20 min, ICa inhibited by NKY-722 (100 nM) at -30 mV was scarcely recovered when the membrane potential was clamped back to -30 mV. A permanently charged compound KV-1360 (0.1-1 μM), a quaternary amine derivative of NKY-722, hardly affected ICa by intracellular and extracellular application. These results suggest that, in spite of the high degree of ionization (91 % in the charged form at pH 7.4), the mode of the L-type Ca channel block by NKY-722 is quite similar to that by lipophilic dihydropyridines.<BR> Consequently, the neutral form of NKY-722 is the active compound and this reaches the dihydropyridine receptor by “membranous approach”.

user
I counted 45 "l"s in that text.
assistant