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history : mar-apr 2019
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national geographic history 55 a tradition holds that copernicus made astronomical observa- tions from a tower in the cathedral complex at frombork. he found his adoptive home far from ideal for this purpose, and in de revo- lution.” clear skies of ptolemy. some of ptolemy’s assertions were already being questioned by novara. he intro- duced copernicus to the work of johann müller, known by his humanistic sobriquet regiomon- tanus, another skeptic of the ptolemaic model. on march 9, 1497, together with novara, copernicus made his first known astronomi- cali- cus’s mind. a theory evolves in 1503 copernicus returned north to his uncle’s diocese in poland. he spent several years work- ing large- ly administrative: collecting rents, managing finances, securing military resources, and over- seeing the local businesses (bakeries, breweries, and mills) of the diocese. during this time copernicus also continued his astronomical work. he earned a solid repu- tation as a leading mind of the time. in 1514 co- pernicus was invited to contribute to a council to reform the calendar, so as to enable the church to fix feast days with more accuracy. later, as an administrator at the bishop’s castle in the warmian city of olsztyn, he produced an astro- nomical table, or heliograph, still visible on one of the walls of the castle cloister, for observing the movements of the sun. sometime before 1514, copernicus wrote a small treatise, the commentariolus (“little com- mentary” in latin). he circulated a few hand- written copies among a learned elite. this small work, described by scholars as “a manuscript of six leaves,” first presented copernicus’s no- tion that the earth and other planets move while the sun stands still. using his observations and bridgeman/aci copernicus observing the heavens from his tower at frombork. 1873 oil painting by jan matejko higher learning the 16th-century archiginnasio of bologna was once part of the city’s university, the oldest in europe. copernicus’s studies at the university in the late 1490s were influenced by the astronomer domenico maria de novara. rosshelen/getty images
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The text includes twelve "1"s in total.
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