what's the total number of "l"s in:
method(s) of verification: bwlch mine - ir (g. ryback, unpublished data); bwlchrhennaid mine - xrd (nhm, 6335f); frongoch mine - xrd (nmh, x13502); goginan mine - xrd (nhm, 6718f); logaulas mine - xrd (nmw x-1321); machen quarry - xrd (nmw-853).
powdery, pale yellow bindheimite within cellular quartz. frongoch mine, in the central wales orefield. field of view 10 cm wide. national museum of wales collection (nmw 2003.17g.m.14a). photo t.f. cotterell, © national museum of wales.
introduction: a secondary mineral, belonging to the stibiconite group, commonly found in the oxidized zone of antimony-bearing lead deposits.
bwlch mine, deganwy, gwynedd: bindheimite is recorded replacing both semseyite (russell, 1944) and stibnite (ryback, unpublished data quoted in bevins, 1994) from the shaft dumps. russell (1944) describes brownish-yellow bindheimite, forming a crust on altered granular semseyite, and a resinous honey-yellow crystalline crust allied to or identical to bindheimite investing crystallized semseyite. bevins (1994) records bindheimite as light brown crusts on stibnite and quartz.
bwlchrhennaid mine, goginan, ceredigion: resinous to powdery yellow masses are recorded by s. rust (cooper, 1987).
eaglebrook (nantycagl) mine, ceulanymaesmawr, ceredigion: rare in comparison to some central wales sites. jones & moreton (1977) and jones (1983) describe bindheimite from eaglebrook as, typical yellow, powdery masses associated with fine-grained galena on the most westerly dumps.
east penycefn mine, bont-goch, ceredigion: an unusually rich occurrence. bindheimite was formerly common, along with cerussite and pyromorphite prior to obliteration of the site (bevins & mason, 1997).
frongoch mine, devil's bridge, ceredigion: jones & moreton (1977) describe yellow, powdery bindheimite in quartz cavities. bindheimite is common at frongoch, occurring abundantly on the extensive dumps, as pale yellow, powdery coatings within sugary quartz associated, with cerussite. green et al. (1996) note that resinous cubic pseudomorphs after ullmannite, are frequently observed.
gwaithgoch mine, pontrhydygroes, ceredigion: bindheimite is abundant on surface dumps below the vein outcrop, forming yellow powdery patches replacing altered ullmannite.
hendrefelin mine, ysbyty ystwyth, ceredigion: bindheimite occurs as pseudomorphs showing direct replacement of cubic ullmannite crystals (clark & rust, 1993).
logaulas mine, ysbyty ystwyth,ceredigion: bindheimite is common, as rich, yellow, powdery masses associated with cerussite in opencast workings.
machen quarry, caerphilly, south wales: bevins (1994) reported that yellow antimony-bearing coatings on galena were thought to be bindheimite. this has proved to be the case with, bindheimite now known to occur commonly, as powdery, canary-yellow coatings within cavities in galena (plant & jones, 1995). cerussite and anglesite crystals developed within galena cavities are frequently encrusted with bindheimite.
mynydd gorddu mine, bontgoch, ceredigion: clark & rust (1993) list bindheimite as one of the supergene species found at mynyddgorddu. bindheimite is known to replace ullmannite (bevins & mason, 1997).
cooper, m.p., 1987 new finds. british micromount society newsletter, 20, 6-9.
plant, s.p. & jones, i.e., 1995 minerals of machen quarry, mid glamorgan, wales. journal of the russell society, 6(1), 31-36.
russell, a., 1944 notes on some minerals either new or rare in britain. mineralogical magazine, 27, 1-10.
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There are one hundred and twenty-nine "l"s.
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