whats the number of times the letter s appears in:
we are studying the electrical and electrothermal dynamics of graphene in order to better understand this unique two-dimensional quantum systems, and also to explore potential high-frequency device applications. this work is in collaboration with prof. philip kim (columbia) and prof. xu du (stony brook) and is supported by nsf-dmr and afosr.
previous work used terahertz spectroscopy to probe the high frequency behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
“graphene-based bolometers,” x. du, d.e. prober, h. vora, and c.b. mckitterick,arxiv:1308.4065 [cond-mat.mes-hall] (2013).
“prospective performance of graphene heb for ultrasensitive detection of sub-mm radiation,” b.s. karasik, c.b. mckitterick, and d.e. prober, in submission (2013).
“graphene microbolometers with superconducting contacts for terahertz photon detection,” c.b. mckitterick, h. vora, x. du, b.s. karasik, and d.e. prober,arxiv:1307.5012 [cond-mat.mes-hall] (2013).
“performance of graphene thermal photon detectors,” c.b. mckitterick, d.e. prober, and b.s. karasik, journal of applied physics 113 044512 (2013).
“terahertz detection mechanism and contact capacitance of individual metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes,” j.d. chudow, d.f. santavicca, c.b. mckitterick, d.e. prober and p. kim, appl. phys. lett. 100, 163503 (2012).
“bolometric and nonbolometric radio frequency detection in a metallic single-walled carbon nanotube,” d.f. santavicca, j.d. chudow, d.e. prober, m.s. purewal and p. kim, appl. phys. lett. 98, 223503 (2011).
“energy loss of the electron system in individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” d.f. santavicca, j.d. chudow, d.e. prober, m.s. purewal and p. kim, nano lett.10, 4538 (2010).
we are developing superconducting thin-film devices as sensitive photon detectors for frequencies from the visible to the far-infrared. present research focuses on nanoscale bolometric detectors. an incident photon or photon flux heats the electron system of the superconducting detector element. the strong temperature-dependence of the superconducting phase transition serves as a sensitive thermometer of the electron system. the temperature increase upon photon absorption is maximized by reducing the active device dimensions to the nanoscale. this work is in collaboration with dr. boris karasik (nasa-jpl) and prof. charles schmuttenmaer (yale chemistry) and is supported by nsf-che.
left: 2” silicon wafer after microfabrication of more than a hundered antenna-coupled bolometer devices.
top right: optical micrograph of niobium bolometer with log spiral antenna for terahertz detection.
bottom right: measured frequency response of device with log spiral antenna.
“energy-resolved detection of single infrared photons with λ = 8 μm using a superconducting microbolometer,” b.s. karasik, s.v. pereverzev, a. soibel, d.f. santavicca, d.e. prober, d. olaya and m.e. gershenson, appl. phys. lett. 101, 052601 (2012).
“nanobolometers for thz photon detection,” b.s. karasik, a.v. sergeev and d.e. prober, ieee transactions on terahertz science and technology 1, 97 (2011).
“proposal for a ghz count rate near-ir single-photon detector based on a nanoscale superconducting transition edge sensor,” d.f. santavicca, f.w. carter and d.e. prober, proc. spie 8033, 80330w (2011).
“energy resolution of terahertz single-photon-sensitive bolometric detectors,” d.f. santavicca, b. reulet, b.s. karasik, s.v. pereverzev, d. olaya, m.e. gershenson, l. frunzio and d.e. prober, appl. phys. lett. 96, 083505 (2010).
“reset dynamics and latching in niobium superconducting nanowire single photon detectors,” a.j. annunziata, o. quaranta, d.f. santavicca, a. casaburi, l. frunzio, m. ejrnaes, m.j. rooks, r. cristiano, s. pagano, a. frydman and d.e. prober, j. appl. phys. 108, 084507 (2010).
“tunable superconducting nanoinductors,” a.j. annunziata, d.f. santavicca, l. frunzio, g. catelani, m.j. rooks, a. frydman and d.e. prober, nanotechnology21, 445202 (2010).

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In that passage, there are one hundred and seventy-four occurrences of the letter "s."
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